ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ೑↪ࠍ⋡ᜰߔⴝ〝᮸ߩశวᚑ⢻ജߣឃ᳇ࠟࠬ⠴ᕈ⺞ᩏ
Efficient Photosynthesis and Auto-exhaust Resistance of Street Trees᧻᎑ ව᦬Uzuki Matsushimaጤᚻᄢቇ ㄘቇㇱ
Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate UniversityⷐᣦㇺᏒㇱߢឃ಴ߐࠇࠆ CO2 ߩ೥ᷫࠍ⋡ᜰߒ㧘ⴝ〝᮸ߪ᦭ല೑↪ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᦨ⚳⋡ᮡߪ㧘ㇺᏒㇱߩㆊ㉃ߥ᧦ઙਅߢ߽㧘㜞޿శวᚑ⢻ജ߅ࠃ߮ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ↢↥⢻ജࠍ߽ߟⴝ〝᮸ࠍᦨㆡ▤ℂߒ㧘ᨑᛂߜᓟߩ↥‛ࠍ὇ൻߔࠆߎߣߢ CO2 ࠍ࿕ቯߒ㧘࿯ფᡷ⦟᧚ߣߒߡౣ೑↪ߔࠆࠨࠗࠢ࡞ࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᧄ↳⺧ߢߪ㧘ฦⴝ〝᮸ߩㇺᏒߩឃ᳇ࠟࠬߦኻߔࠆ⠴ᕈࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ឃ᳇ࠟࠬ߇ߘߩశวᚑ⢻ജߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ㧘⪲ㇱ⫳ᢔᵹߩนⷞൻ㧘᳇ሹ෻ᔕ㧘ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ㧚⫳ᢔ߇శวᚑߦ㜞ߊነਈߔࠆߩߪ⥄᣿ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎߎߢߪ↳⺧⠪ࠄ߇㐿⊒ߒߚਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߣ㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨࠍ↪޿ߚ⪲ㇱ⫳ᢔᵹߩนⷞൻࠍઁߩశวᚑ෻ᔕߣ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖࠆᣂⷙᕈߩ㜞޿⹜ߺࠍⴕ߁㧚

Abstract
Street trees have great potential as automobile exhaust-related CO2 absorbers in urban
areas. With regard to this, the objectives of this project are as follow.
1. To develop a proper cultivation method for street trees that have high photosynthetic
rate and biomass production.
2. To reuse pruned prunes, which grow with absorbing CO2 , as a soil improvement
material by carbonizing.
The main issue is to identify those street trees that have sufficient tolerance of toxic
auto exhausts to act as effective CO2 absorbers. During the coming academic year, we
aim to evaluate the auto exhaust tolerance of street trees. The auto exhaust tolerance
is evaluated from photosynthesis by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, transpirationand stomatal movement of the leaves. Since it has been known that transpiration isclearly related to photosynthesis, water movement will be observed using cold neutron
radiography with a D2 O tracer. The novel method would clarify the relationship between
water usage in photosynthesis and the toxicity of auto exhausts.

1߆߆ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘Ꮢⴝ࿾ߩ⟤ⷰࠍ଻ߜߟߟ CO2 ߩ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛

࿕ቯᯏ⢻߽ᜬߜ߁ࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ⴝ〝᮸ߩࡃ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߦኻߔࠆෂᗋߦࠃࠅ CO2 ߩ೥ᷫߪੱ㘃౒ㅢߩ⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ᤓ੹ߩ⥄േゞࠗࠝࡑࠬࠍ೑↪ߒߡ⥄േゞ߇ឃ಴ߔࠆ CO2 ࠍ࿕ቯߔࠆࠨࠗࠢ࡞ࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆ╙৻Ბ㓏ߩ⎇ⓥߣߒ

ᢙߩჇടߦࠃߞߡ CO2 ߩឃ಴㊂ߪଐὼߣߒߡჇߡ㧘ⴝ〝᮸ߩశวᚑ⢻ജ߅ࠃ߮ឃ᳇ࠟࠬ߳ߩ⠴ടߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ㇺᏒㇱߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ⴝ〝᮸ߪਥߦ᥊ᕈࠍ⪲ㇱ⫳ᢔᵹߩนⷞൻߣࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశ߆ⷰࠍ⟤ൻߔࠆߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘⥄േゞ߆ࠄࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ㧚ឃ಴ߐࠇࠆ CO2 ߩ࿕ቯࠍⴕ߁ᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߣߒߡߐࠄߦ᦭ല೑↪ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚᥊ⷰ⎇ⓥ⚻ㆊߩ⟤ൻߛߌߦ․ൻߒߚⴝ〝᮸ߢߪߥߊ㧘ᵴ⊒ߥ2శวᚑ⢻ജߦࠃࠅ㧘ᄙߊߩ CO2 ࠍหൻߔࠆ᮸ᧁ

2.1 ಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖࠍㆬᛯߒ㧘ߘߩࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬࠍ὇ൻߒ࿯ფᡷ⦟೷ߣߒߡ࿯ფߦᷙ౉ߔࠆߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘CO2 ࠍඨ᳗ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߪ㧘Ყセ⊛㊄ዻర⚛ࠍਭ⊛ߦ࿕ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ㅘㆊߒ߿ߔߊ᳓⚛ߥߤシర⚛߇ⷰኤน⢻ߢ޽ࠆశวᚑ߇ᵴ⊒ߢ޽ࠆⴝ〝᮸ߪ㧘ᨑᛂߜߩᚻ㑆ߪߣ޿߁㧘X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߣߪ⇣ߥߞߚᕈ⾰ࠍ–1–ᜬߟ㧚↢๮⑼ቇߩಽ㊁ߢߪ᳓⚛ߦኻߔࠆਛᕈሶߩᷫ⴮ଥᢙ߇㜞޿ߎߣࠍ೑↪ߒߡ㧘ਥߦᬀ‛㧘․ߦᩮਛߩ㕖⎕უ᳓ಽ᷹ቯߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ1)2) 㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞޿↹௝ࠦࡦ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼㧘ਛᕈሶࡆ࡯ࡓߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇ૐ޿಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖⵝ⟎ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ㧚ᧄታ㛎ߪ Hahn-

Meitner-Institute (HMI)㧘࠼ࠗ࠷㧘ߢⴕࠊࠇߚ㧚಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖⵝ⟎ߪ㧘⎇ⓥἹ BER-IIߦ߅ߌࠆ಄ਛᕈሶḮߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ NL1b ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ CONRAD ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚಄ਛᕈሶࡆ࡯ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆᾖ኿ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߩࡇ࡯ࠢᵄ㐳ߪ⚂ 3.1Å ߢ޽ࠆ3) 㧚CONRAD ߦߪ㧘㜞ਛᕈሶࡈ࡜࠶ࠢࠬߢૐ L/D ߩࡐ࡚ࠫࠪࡦ I ߣ㧘ࡇࡦࡎ࡯࡞ࠬ࡝࠶࠻ߦࠃࠅࠦ࡝ࡔ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍᣉߒߚૐਛ
ᕈሶࡈ࡜࠶ࠢࠬߢ㜞 L/D ߩࡐ࡚ࠫࠪࡦ II ߩ 2 ߟߩᾖ኿ቶ߇↪ᗧߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘㜞ㅦ᠟ᓇߦߪࡐ࡚ࠫࠪࡦ I㧘㜞޿↹௝ಽ⸃⢻߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ႐วߪࡐ࡚ࠫࠪࡦ II ߣ㧘⋡⊛ߦᔕߓߡㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ࡐ࡚ࠫࠪࡦ II ߩ↹௝ࠨࠗ࠭ߪ 10cm×10cmߢ↹௝ಽ⸃⢻ߪ 200µm ⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ㧚ਔࡐ࡚ࠫࠪ
ࡦߩ⻉రࠍ⴫ 1 ߦ␜ߔ㧚ᾖ኿ቶౝߦߪ਄ਅᏀฝ
⴫ 1: CONRAD ߦ߅ߌࠆࡐ࡚ࠫࠪࡦ I ߅ࠃ߮ IIߩ⻉ర࿑ 1: ಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖⵝ⟎ౝߦ߅ߌࠆࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣⵝ⟎ߩ⸳⟎⁁ᴫ㧚ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣⵝ⟎ߪ಄ਛᕈሶࡆ࡯ࡓ߇⋥ធᒰߚࠄߥ޿ߣߎࠈߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘ක↪ X ✢↹௝᠟ᓇߢߪⴊᵹࠍⷰኤߔࠆߚ߼ߦ࠻࡟࡯ࠨߣߒߡ࡛࡯࠼ㅧᓇ೷╬߇↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߢߪ↢૕⹜ᢱߦኻߒߡ࠻࡟࡯ࠨࠍ೑↪ߒߚ଀ߪ޽߹ࠅ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿㧚ߘߎߢ㧘࠻࡟࡯
ࠨߣߒߡ㊀᳓ࠍ↪޿ᬀ‛૕ౝߩቯᏱ⊛ߥ᳓ߩᵹࠇߩⷰኤࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧚㊀᳓⚛ߪ᳓⚛ߣᲧセߒߡਛᕈሶߩᷫ⴮ଥᢙ߇ዊߐ޿ߚ߼㧘㊀᳓⚛ߣ㉄⚛߆ࠄߥࠆ㊀᳓ߪ᳓ࠃࠅਛᕈሶࠍㅘㆊߒ߿ߔ޿㧚ߘ

Position I

Position IIFlux n/cm2 · s

2.0x1085.8x106(L/D 521)

Beam size cm2
L/D

5×3<7010 × 10521, 261, 174ߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ㅘㆊ↹௝ߦ߅ߌࠆᓇߪ㧘᳓߇㊀᳓ߦ⟎߈឵ࠊߞߚߣߎࠈ߶ߤ⭯ߊߥࠆ㧚⹜ᢱߪ࠰࡯࠳ࠣ࡜ࠬࡆ࡯࠭ࠍలႯߒߚ⋥ᓘ⚂ 2cm ߩ⍹⧷ࠟ࡜ࠬ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߦᬀ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘᳓߆ࠄ㊀᳓߳ߩ࠻࡟࡯ࠨߩ౉ࠇᦧ߃߇ኈᤃߢ㧘ߥ߅߆ߟ⍹⧷ࠟ࡜ࠬ߅ࠃ߮࠰࡯࠳ࠣ࡜ࠬࡆ࡯࠭ߦߪਛᕈሶㅘㆊᕈ߇޽ࠅ㧘㊀᳓ଏ⛎ᤨߦߪᩮ߇㊀᳓ࠍๆ෼ᣇะߦ⹜ᢱࠍ⥄േนേߢ߈ࠆ⹜ᢱบ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃࠅࡆ࡯ࡓ૏⟎ߦኻߔࠆࠨࡦࡊ࡞⒖േߩߔࠆ᭽ሶ߇ⷰኤߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ᩮ߽฽߼ߚ↹௝ᖱႎࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚Ⲣㅢᕈࠍᜬߟ㧚ᾖ኿ቶౝߩࡆ࡯ࡓߩㅴⴕᣇะߦ
ะ߆ߞߡฝ஥ߪ 2,3 ੱ߇౉ߞߡ૞ᬺߒߡ߽චಽߥࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ߇޽ࠆ㧚⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ Kardjilov

߅ࠃ߮ Hilger ࠄ3) ߩႎ๔ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿㧚

2.2

2.3 ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠄ4) 㧘㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨᧄ⎇ⓥߩ․⦡ߪ㧘಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߣ
㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨࠍ↪޿ߚ⪲ㇱ⫳ᢔᵹߩนⷞൻࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚⹜ᢱߩෘߐ޽ࠆ޿ߪ᭴ᚑߔࠆర⚛ߩᷫ⴮ଥᢙߦࠃߞߡỚ᷆߇⴫ࠇࠆਛᕈሶ޽ࠆ޿ߪ X ✢࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߢߪ㧘⹜ᢱਛߦ߅ߌࠆⴊᶧ߿᳓ߥߤᵹ૕ߩቯᏱ⊛ߥᵹࠇࠍนⷞൻࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߪ㧘శൻቇ♽II ߩᦨᄢ㊂ሶ෼₸‫ޔ‬㔚ሶવ㆐ߩ㊂ሶ෼₸‫ࡀࠛޔ‬࡞ࠡߩᾲ᡼ᢔߩല₸ߥߤߣ޿ߞߚశวᚑߩ⻉ᕈ⾰ࠍ◲ଢߦ᷹ቯߢ߈ࠆ㧚಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ߅ࠃ߮ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᬀ‛ߩ᳓ಽࡑ࠶ࡊߣశวᚑᵴᕈߩ㑐ଥࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚࿑ 1 ߪ CONRADⵝ⟎ౝߦ߅ߌࠆ߅ࠃ߮ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣⵝ⟎ߩ⸳⟎⁁ᴫࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚↹௝᠟ᓇ↪ߩ CCD ࠞࡔ࡜㧘ബ⿠శ↪࡜ࡦࡊ߆ࠄߥ

–2–

CONRAD ߩᾖ኿ቶߦߪᄖㇱ߳ߩឃ᳇࠳ࠢ࠻߇
⸳⟎ߐࠇ㧘㈩▤ࠍធ⛯ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ᾖ኿ቶౝߩᳪᨴߪ߅ߎࠄߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ೋᦼ⁁ᘒߩࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬ⹜ᢱߩ಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫ
ࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ߅ࠃ߮ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦ
ࠣࠍⴕߞߚߩߜ㧘SO2 ࠍ 60 ಽ㑆ଏ⛎ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߘߩᓟߩ࿁ᓳࠍ 120 ಽ㑆ਔࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺࠍ↪
޿ߡⷰኤߒߚ㧚3
࿑ 2: ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓ⵾⹜ᢱኈེౝߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬ⹜ᢱ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬ⹜ᢱߦኻߔࠆ SO2 ᦑ㔺ߩᓇ㗀߇นⷞൻߐࠇߚ㧚࿑ 3 ߪ㧘SO2 ߦᦑ㔺೨㧘ᦑ㔺ਛ㧘ᦑ㔺ࠆࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣⵝ⟎ߪਛᕈሶᓟߩࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘ࡆ࡯ࡓ߇⋥ធᾖ኿ߐࠇߥ޿႐ᚲߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚߚ߼㧘ߘߩ߹߹ߢߪ⹜ᢱᱜ㕙߆ࠄߩࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ߇ⴕ߃ߥ޿㧚ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠍ᠟ᓇߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘⹜ᢱบࠍ࿁ォߐߖߚ㧚2.4ᡆૃឃ᳇ࠟࠬߩଏ⛎

ታ㛎⹜ᢱߣߒߡ㧘ᴒ✽ᧄፉߦ߅޿ߡᐢߊⴝ〝᮸ߣߒߡ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚࿑ 3: ⇣ߥࠆ SO2 ⅣႺߦ⟎߆ࠇߚࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬᧄታ㛎ߢߪ㧘ଏ⹜ߢ߈ࠆࠨࡦࡊ࡞ࠨࠗ࠭߇㜞ߐ⧣ᧁߩࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశ↹௝㧚A㧦SO2 ᦑ㔺೨‫ޓ‬᏷ߣ߽⚂ 20cm ߣ㒢ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘࠰࡯࠳ࠣ࡜ࠬ

‫ ޓ‬B㧦ห⹜ᢱࠍ SO2 2ppm ⅣႺਅߦ⟎޿ߡ߆ࠄࡆ࡯࠭ၭ࿾ߢ⢒ᚑߐߖࠆᔅⷐᕈ߇޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ዊ

65 ಽᓟ㧚‫ ޓޓ‬C㧦ౣ߮ⓨ᳇ⅣႺਅߦ⟎޿ߡ߆ࠄ120 ಽᓟ

ဳߩ᳓⠹ᩱၭ↪⧣ࠍ⢒ᚑߒߚ㧚ࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬߩ
ᨑࠍ⚂ 15cm ߦಾࠅߘࠈ߃㧘ᣉ⸳ᩱၭ↪ࡠ࠶ࠢ࠙࡯࡞ߦᝌߒᧁߒߚ㧚⊒ᩮ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚᓟ㧘࠰࡯࠳ࠣ࡜ࠬࡆ࡯࠭ࠍలႯߒߚ⋥ᓘ⚂ 2cm ߩ⍹⧷ࠟ࡜ࠬ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߦ⒖ᬀߒߚ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ᡆૃឃ᳇ࠟࠬߣߒߡỚᐲ 2ppm
ߩ SO2 ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚৻ቯỚᐲߩࠟࠬࠍଏ⛎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘⹜ᢱߪࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓ⵾ኒ㐽ኈེౝߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ㧚ߘߩኈེߦߪࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯
ࠫࡦࠣߩߚ߼ߩ⍹⧷ࠟ࡜ࠬ⓹ࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚ㧚⹜ᢱኈེౝߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬ⹜ᢱࠍ࿑ 2 ߦ␜ߔ㧚ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓߪਛᕈሶߩㅘㆊᕈ߇㜞޿ߚ߼ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߦ߅޿ߡ⹜ᢱኈེߦࠃ
ߊ૶ࠊࠇࠆ㧚৻⥸ߦਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖⵝ⟎ߪ࠺࠹ࠢ࠲๟ㄝߦⓨ㑆⊛૛⵨ࠍᜬߚߖߡ޿ࠆߎ
ߣ߇ᄙߊ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⹜ᢱኈེࠍ↪޿ߡߘߩౝㇱࠟࠬ⚵ᚑࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߥߤ㧘․ᱶߥⅣႺߩਛ
ߢߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ߇Ყセ⊛ⴕ޿߿ߔ޿㧚߹ߚ㧘⣣㘩ᕈࠟࠬߢ޽ࠆ SO2 ࠍỚᐲ 2ppm ߢ↪޿ߚ߇㧘⸘᷹ߐࠇࠆࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ Fv /Fm ߪ㧘శൻቇ♽ II ߩᦨᄢ෼₸ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㊂ሶ෼₸ߩૐਅߦ઻ߞߡᷫዋߔࠆ㧚࿑ߩᡆૃࠞ࡜࡯ߪ Fv /Fm ߇ᄢ߈޿߶ߤࠞ࡜࡯ࡃ࡯ߩฝᣇߩ㧘ዋߥ޿߶ߤᏀ
ᣇߩ⦡ߢ⌕⦡ߐࠇߚ㧚SO2 ᦑ㔺ߦࠃߞߡࡂࠗࡆ
ࠬࠞࠬ⪲ߩ Fv /Fm ߪᷫዋߒ㧘శวᚑᵴᕈ߇ૐਅ
ߒߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ㧚⹜ᢱࠍ SO2 2ppm ⅣႺਅߦ⟎޿ߡ߆ࠄ 65 ಽᓟߦࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯
ࠫࡦࠣࠍⴕ޿㧘ߘߩ⋥ᓟߦ⹜ᢱߦଏ⛎ߔࠆࠟࠬࠍⓨ᳇ߦಾࠅᦧ߃ߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘ଏ⛎ࠟࠬಾࠅᦧ߃
೨ᓟߩ↹௝ࠍ␜ߒߚ࿑ 4 ਛߩ 3 ᨎߩ↹௝㑆ߩᤨ㑆㑆㓒ߪ߶߷ 20 ಽߢ޽ࠆ㧚SO2 ᦑ㔺ᓟ 120 ಽᓟߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘Fv /Fm ߪೋᦼ⁁ᘒߦ࿁ᓳߒߥ߆ߞ
ߚ㧚એ਄ࠃࠅ㧘SO2 ߪࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬ⧣ߩశวᚑ
ᵴᕈߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥశวᚑᵴᕈߩૐਅߪ㧘ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ↢↥ߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ㧘SO2 ߥߤ⥄േゞߩឃ

–3–᳇ࠟࠬߦ฽߹ࠇࠆ᦭ኂࠟࠬߦᒝ޿ⴝ〝᮸ࠍㆬᛯਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ࠍലᨐ⊛ߦ⺞ᩏน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ߒ㧘ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ೑↪ߔࠆᔅⷐᕈ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ㧚੹ᓟߪ㧘ᄙߊߩⴝ〝᮸ߦኻߒࠢࡠ಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߦࠃߞߡᓧࠄࠇߚ಄

ࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠍ↪޿ߚ⺞ᩏࠍⴕ޿㧘ਛᕈሶ↹௝ߦߪ㧘㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨߦࠃࠆᱜࠦࡦ࠻ឃ᳇ࠟࠬᦑ㔺ਅߦ߅޿ߡ߽㜞޿ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ↢↥࡜ࠬ࠻߇⃻ࠇߚ㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢ㧘࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߥߤ⨍ߩࠍታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆ᮸⒳ࠍㆬቯߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⚦޿⨲ᧄߦߡᱜࠦࡦ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ಄ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߣ㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨߩ૬↪

߇㧘ᧄታ㛎ߦࠃࠅ㧘ᧁᧄߩ⧣ᧁߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘಄߇ᧁᧄߩ⧣ߩ⫳ᢔᵹ᷹ቯߦᔕ↪ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ਛᕈሶ࡜ࠫࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖߣ㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨߩ૬↪ߦࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ㧚੹ᓟߪᓧࠄࠇߚ↹௝ߩലᨐ⊛ߥࠃࠅ㧘᳓⒖േࠍⷰኤน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦ

⺒ᤋᚻᴺࠍ᭴▽ߒ㧘ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߥߞߚ㧚㊀᳓ߪ᳓ߣൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰߇ૃߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ࡦࠣߣߩࠃࠅ⦟޿ㅪ៤ࠍᮨ⚝ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠃࠅ⃻ታߦㄭ޿᳓ߩേ߈ࠍⷰኤߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇ㧘੹ᓟߩᔕ↪߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ㧚㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨࠍ↪޿ߚ಄ਛᕈሶ↹௝ࠍ࿑ 4 ߦߒ߼ߔ㧚࿑ਛෳ⠨ᢥ₂

1. T. M. Nakanishi et al., Radioisotopes, 40,pp. 126–128 (1991).
2. T. M. Nakanishi et al., Radioisotopes, 41,pp. 638–641 (1992).
3. A. Hilger et al., Physica B, 385(86), pp.
1213–1215 (2006).
4. N. Kardjilov et al., Nucl. Instrum. andMeth. in Phys. Res., 542(1-3), pp. 16–21(2005).
࿑ 4: ⇣ߥࠆ SO2 ⅣႺߦ⟎߆ࠇߚࡂࠗࡆࠬࠞࠬ
⧣ᧁߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨߩๆ෼㧚A㧦⹜ᢱࠍ

5SO2 2ppm ⅣႺਅߦ⟎޿ߡ߆ࠄ 50 ಽᓟ㧚‫ ޓޓ‬B㧦ห 65 ಽᓟ㧚‫ ޓޓ‬C㧦ౣ߮ⓨ᳇ⅣႺਅߦ⟎޿ߡ߆
ࠄ 20 ಽᓟߩỚ᷆↹௝ߪ㧘⹜ᢱ߅ࠃ߮⹜ᢱኈེߩㅘㆊ↹௝ࠍ␜ߒ㧘↹௝ A㧘B㧘C ߪฦᤨ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ↹௝ࠍೋᦼ↹௝ߢ㒰ߒߚ↹௝ߦベㇳࠍ㊀ߨߚ߽ߩߢ޽
ࠆ㧚ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߢߪ SO2 ߩᦑ㔺ߦࠃࠅశวᚑᵴᕈ߇ૐਅߒߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇ⊒⴫⺰ᢥ࡝ࠬ࠻

1. Matsushima, U., Kardjilov, N., Herppich,
W. and Hilger, A., Efficient Photosynthesis and Auto-exhaust Resistance in StreetTrees, BENSC Exp. Rep. 2006, pp.138,
2007
2. Matsushima, U., Kardjilov, N., Herppich,
W. and Hilger, A., Development of D2 O
Tracer Method for Water Flow in Plants-ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘శวᚑ߇ᵴ⊒ߢ޽

Development of D2O Tracer Method forWater Flow in Plants, BENSC Exp. Rep.

ࠆ߶ߤ⪲ߪ᳓ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆߚ߼㧘శวᚑᵴᕈ߇

2006, pp.137, 2007ߚ߇㧘㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨߩ⒖േㅦᐲߦߪᄢ߈ߥᄌൻ

ૐਅߔࠆߣᬀ‛ߩ⫳ᢔᵹ㊂ߪᷫዋߔࠆ㧚ᧄታ㛎

3. Matsushima, U., Kardjilov, N., Herppich,ߪ੹ߩߣߎࠈ৻଀ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼੹ᓟታ㛎଀ࠍჇ߿W. and Hilger, A., Development of D2O
Tracer Method for Water Flow in Plantsߒ㧘㊀᳓࠻࡟࡯ࠨߩ⒖േㅦᐲߣశวᚑᵴᕈߦߟ
޿ߡߐࠄߦᬌ⸛ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ㧚4-application for grafted tomato seedlings-,
BENSC Exp. Rep. 2006, pp.171, 2007੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣ⊒ዷએ਄ߩ⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘ࠢࡠࡠࡈࠖ࡞Ⱟశࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ

ࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡឃ᳇ࠟࠬ߇ⴝ〝᮸ߩశวᚑᵴᕈߦ

–4–4. ᧻᎑ව᦬, ਛᕈሶࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߩ↢๮⑼ቇ߳
ߩᔕ↪ 㧙ᦨㄭߩേะ߆ࠄ㧙, Radioisotopes,ฃℂᷣߺ