Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA18) , 2021

CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I157-2021

Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA18)
8th July – 14th July 2021

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research
Earth System Division

CGER-I157-2021

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I157-2021

Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA18)
8th July – 14th July 2021

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research
Earth System Division

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA18)

Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
Earth System Division (ESD)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html
Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
Earth System Division (ESD)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
https://esd.nies.go.jp
Copyright 2021:
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
retrieval system, without permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does not own the
copyrights to the abstracts contained in this publication.
All copies in PDF format are available from: https://esd.nies.go.jp
This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A),
in accordance with the Act on Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services
by the State and Other Entities.

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES

Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................. i
Preface ................................................................................................................ ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations.............................................................. iii
1

Executive Summary of WGIA18 ............................................................. 1

2

Workshop Report ...................................................................................... 3

2.1

Opening Session .........................................................................................................................3

2.2

Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports(BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties ...........................................................................................3

2.3

Session II: Transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories and Resources That Will Facilitate Compilation ...............................................5

2.4

Session III: National GHG Inventory for the Transparency Framework Under the Paris
Agreement ..................................................................................................................................7

2.5

Closing Session ...........................................................................................................................93

Abstracts .................................................................................................. 11

3.1

Opening Session .......................................................................................................................11

3.2

Session I ....................................................................................................................................13

3.3

Session II ..................................................................................................................................18

3.4

Session III .................................................................................................................................24

3.5

Poster Session ...........................................................................................................................27

4

Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions.............................................. 31

4.1

Overview of the Mutual Learning..........................................................................................31

4.2

Cross-Cutting Issues................................................................................................................33

4.3

Energy Sector ...........................................................................................................................35

4.5

LULUCF Sector .......................................................................................................................38

4.6

Waste Sector ............................................................................................................................41

Annex I: Agenda .............................................................................................. 45
Annex II: List of Participants ........................................................................ 51

CGER-I157-2021,
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CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES

Foreword
The international community now recognizes increases in anthropogenic emissions ofgreenhouse gases (GHGs) as the primary cause of climate change and its impacts. The
Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) published by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) this year stated that “Observed increases
in well-mixed greenhouse gas concentrations since around 1750 are unequivocally caused byhuman activities. Since 2011 (measurements reported in AR5), concentrations have continued
to increase in the atmosphere, reaching annual averages of 410 ppm for carbon dioxide…in
2019.” In order to address mitigation and adaptation to climate change, all of us on the globe
must be making more efforts than ever in each of our respective fields. To this end, theConference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) agreed to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well
below 2°C above pre-industrial levels under the Paris Agreement at COP21 in 2015.
Transparency of mitigation actions are becoming increasingly important, and in this respect,national GHG inventories, which provide information on GHG emissions and their trends overtime, play a critical role as a basis for decision makers to design and implement strategies of
their countries’ mitigation actions for reducing GHG emissions. Against this background, allparties will soon be required to submit Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Paris
Agreement Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF).
In order to support the enhancement of capacities for national GHG inventories in Asian
countries, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the“Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with thesupport of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). This workshop supports
government officials, compilers, and researchers in the Asian countries to develop andimprove their GHG inventories through enhancing regional information exchange. The
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) affiliated with the Center for Global
Environmental Research (CGER), Earth System Division (ESD), NIES, has functioned as the
Secretariat for this workshop since its first session.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 18th WGIA (WGIA18), which was held
online from 8th to 14th July, 2021. We hope that this report will be useful for all those whowork in the field of GHG inventories as well as climate change, and that it will contribute to
the further progress of inventory development in Asia.

SAIGUSA Nobuko

Director
Earth System Division
National Institute for Environmental StudiesiiPreface
The Paris Agreement established an enhanced transparency framework in order to build
mutual trust and confidence and to promote effective implementation. The purpose of theframework is to provide a clear understanding of climate change actions, including clarity andtracking of progress towards achieving Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions(NDCs) to inform the global stocktake. Each Party shall provide the national greenhouse gas(GHG) inventory and information necessary to track progress made in implementing andachieving its NDC in Biennial Transparency Reports. Against this background, GHG
inventories are being accepted more and more as being valuable because they support thetransparency and accuracy of the implementation of national mitigation actions, and theessential importance of developing robust national systems for the steady preparation of
inventories is now widely acknowledged.
WGIA has contributed significantly to the construction and consolidation of a network ofofficials and researchers involved in GHG inventory preparation in Asian countries, and to theidentification and provision of solutions for common issues relevant to the inventories.
This time, the 18th WGIA (WGIA18) was held online from 8th to 14th July, 2021. The topics
set out for this workshop were based on consideration of the current situation of the member
countries.
The outcomes of the WGIA18 are summarized in this report as Proceedings. We hope that
this report will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the GHG
inventories of the WGIA-member countries.
We would like to thank all the attendees for their participation and active contribution to
the workshop.

HATANAKA Elsa

SAKAGUCHI Yoshiteru

ManagerGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Center for Global Environmental Research
Earth System Division
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Director
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office
Global Environment Bureau
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

ii
ii

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CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AB
AFOLU
BTR
BUR
CGE
CGER
CMA
COP
COVID-19
CRF
EBT
ESD
ETF
FAO
FAOSTAT
FOLU
FY
GHG
GIO
GOSAT
GPG
GPG-LULUCF
GWP
IPCC
IPCC AR5
IPCC TFI
IPPU
LULUCF
MOEJ
MPG
MRV
NAI
NC
NDC
NIES
NIR
QA
QC
SBI
TGEIS

WGIA Advisory Board
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Biennial Transparency Report
Biennial Update Report
Consultative Group of Experts
Center for Global Environmental Research
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to the Paris Agreement
Conference of the Parties
Coronavirus Disease 2019
Common Reporting Format
Energy Balance Tables
Earth System Division
Enhanced Transparency Framework
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAO Statistical Database
Forestry and Other Land Use
Fiscal year
Greenhouse Gas
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change andForestry
Global Warming Potential
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC Fifth Assessment Report
IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Industrial Process and Product Use
Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Modalities, procedures and guidelines
Measurement, Reporting, and Verification
Measurable, Reportable, and Verifiable
Non-Annex I
National Communication
Nationally Determined Contribution
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
National Inventory Report
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Subsidiary Body for Implementation
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Systemiii
iii

UNFCCC
USEPA
WGIA
1996 IPCC Guidelines
2006 IPCC Guidelines
2019 Refinement

CO2
CH4
N2O
NF3
kt
Mt

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Chemical terms
Carbon dioxide
MethaneNitrous oxide
Nitrogen trifluoride
kilo tonnes
Million tonnes

iv
iv

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Photos of the Workshop
The Plenary Sessions
Welcome Address

Chairperson for Session I

Chairperson for Session II

Mr. Sakaguchi Yoshiteru(Decarbonized Society
Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau, MOEJ)

Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon(King Mongkut’s Universityof Technology Thonburi)

Prof. Rizaldi Boer
(Bogor Agricultural
University)

Chairperson for Session III

Closing Remarks

Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav(IPCC TFI)

Ms. Hatanaka Elsa
(GHG Inventory office of Japan, NIES)

The Mutual Learning Sessions

General: Thailand – Japan

Energy: Brunei – Mongolia

LULUCF: Bhutan – Indonesia

Waste: China – Indonesia

vv1. Executive Summary of WGIA18

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

1

Executive Summary of WGIA18

The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES) convened the “18th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA18)”
online from July 8 (Thursday) to July 14 (Wednesday), 2021.
The annual workshops have been held since 2003 in order to support non-Annex I (NAI) Parties
in Asia in developing and improving their greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and to facilitate theenhancement of cooperative relationships towards the improvement of the accuracy of national
GHG inventories in the Asian region. This year, approximately 100 participants in total attended
WGIA18, including government officials and researchers from 15 member countries (Bhutan,
Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam), in addition to representatives of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (TFI), the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and others.
Opening Session
MOEJ delivered the welcome address and the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
gave an introduction to the WGIA. Following this, MOEJ made a presentation on Japan’s current
progress in global warming countermeasures. Japan’s GHG emissions have decreased six years
in a row since fiscal year (FY) 2014 mainly due to the decrease in energy consumption anddecarbonization of electricity. Japan will aim for net-zero by 2050. Japan also aims to reduce the
GHG emissions by 46% in FY2030 from the FY2013 levels, and will continue strenuous efforts
in its challenge to meet the lofty goal of cutting its emissions by 50%.
Updates on the GHG Inventories in the NCs and BURs from Non-Annex I Parties
Cambodia, Laos, China, Malaysia, and Viet Nam gave presentations on their submitted
National Communications (NCs) and/or Biennial Update Reports (BURs) and reported the mostrecent information on their emission estimates and relevant data, as well as mitigation activities.
It was confirmed that countries still faced common challenges regarding the acquisition ofactivity data, uncertainty analysis, development of country-specific emission factors, andestablishment of Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures and national
systems. It was also stressed that it was important to share the information/experience of
preparation for NC/BUR in this workshop since it will be the basis for the compilation andpreparation of the Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Enhanced Transparency
Framework (ETF). Besides, it is important to utilize capacity-building opportunities offered by
UNFCCC and others.
Transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories andResources That Will Facilitate Compilation
Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines gave presentations on their experiences oftransitioning to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 IPCC
Guidelines). After these presentations, IPCC TFI introduced their software to estimate GHG
emissions/removals for the Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector. FAO gave
an overview of the FAOSTAT, which provides GHG emissions/removal estimates in the AFOLU
sector by country, and Japan (Chuo University) gave an overview of CO2 emission estimates using
111. Executive Summary of WGIA18
satellite data in Mongolia.
BTR, whose first submission year is 2024, should include the inventory to which the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines are applied. They recognized the importance of building robust national systems
through developing the data collection and QA/QC systems, making internal manuals forinventory compilers, archiving the documents, and continuing the capacity building. They
confirmed the relevance of drawing from various international resources and capacity-building
opportunities for the preparation of the BTR under the ETF.
National GHG Inventory for the Transparency Framework Under the Paris Agreement
UNFCCC gave an overview of the requirements for national GHG inventories as parts of the
BTRs under the ETF of the Paris Agreement. Japan shared its experience in compiling andreporting the national GHG inventory, and USEPA described how they addressed time-seriesconsistency/recalculations within the AFOLU sector of the U.S. GHG inventory.
New emission sources and removal sinks, additional gases, and methodologies are issues fortransitioning to the inventory under the Paris Agreement. The participants confirmed theimportance of allocating sufficient time to the preparation for the transition from early stages
based on a clear understanding of the new requirements. In addition, they identified the necessity
to fill data gaps in the time series by using techniques such as splicing, provided in the IPCC
Guidelines, to assure data quality.
The Mutual Learning on each sector’s GHG inventories
In this WGIA, the Mutual Learning was held on the following four GHG inventory sectors:
General (Thailand and Japan), Energy sector (Brunei and Mongolia), Land Use, Land-Use Change
and Forestry (LULUCF) sector (Bhutan and Indonesia), and Waste sector (China and Indonesia).
The participants exchanged materials and questions to learn about the inventory and institutionalarrangements of the counterpart country. For each session, two countries engaged with each otherby following up on the Questions and Answers (Q&A) which had taken place before the Workshop.
These countries partly applied the 2006 IPCC Guidelines which is necessary under the Paris
Agreement, and continuously improved their GHG inventories through measures such as applying
country-specific emission factors. Methodology of the partner country and progress made ininstitutional arrangements including data collection systems and QA/QC systems were shared,
and these were referred to for the future improvement of their own inventories. Furthermore, there
was an encouraging example from one of the participating countries where they had listed theissues identified in a prior Mutual Learning and started working on resolving them.
Poster Session
This was held to share information on institutional arrangements and the latest research results
and deepen the discussion on specific issues. This year’s WGIA18 was held online, therefore,
posters were displayed on the designated website.

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2

Workshop Report
Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of GIO:
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/wgia/18.html

2.1 Opening Session
The welcome address was delivered by Mr. Sakaguchi Yoshiteru (MOEJ).
Mr. Ito Hiroshi (GIO) gave an introduction of WGIA18. He introduced the historical progressof WGIA, as well as its participants, agenda, and expected outcomes. The expected outcomes of
WGIA18 were: Enhancement of the quality of GHG inventories for NCs, BURs, and future BTRs;
 Enhancement of the understanding of the transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines; Improved understanding of the Transparency Framework under the Paris Agreement andhow to prepare for it.
Mr. Ito Hiroshi emphasized that an accurate inventory in the NCs, BURs, and BTRs willcontribute to future planning and assessment of the progress towards emission reduction targets
under the Paris Agreement.
Dr. Hayashi Toru (MOEJ) made a presentation on Japan’s Current Progress on Global WarmingCountermeasures. He reported that Japan’s GHG emissions have decreased six years in a row
since FY2014 mainly due to the decrease in energy consumption and decarbonization of electricity.
Japan’s total GHG emissions in FY2019 were estimated at 1,212 Mt CO2 eq.
In 2020, Japan announced that Japan would aim to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050.
The amended Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures was unanimously passedby the Diet, with the realization of net-zero GHG emissions by 2050 positioned as a basic principle
in May 2021. Additionally, the Prime Minister announced that Japan aimed to reduce its GHG
emissions by 46% in FY2030 from its FY2013 levels. Furthermore, Dr. Hayashi Toru emphasizedthat Japan would continue strenuous efforts in its challenge to meet the lofty goal of cutting its
emissions by 50%.

2.2 Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) andBiennial Update Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties
This session was chaired by Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon (advisory board (AB); King
Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi).
Non-Annex I Parties are required, as per COP16 and COP17 decisions, to submit national GHG
inventories every two years as a part of their BURs or NCs. Under such circumstances, the WGIA
member countries have submitted their BURs and/or NCs. In this session, Cambodia, Laos, China,
Malaysia, and Viet Nam gave presentations about their latest BURs and NCs.
The chair of this session, Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon, introduced the objective of this session
as exchanging experiences of preparing/updating the WGIA member countries’ GHG inventories
in their NCs and BURs, and learning from each other in light of future BTRs.
Mr. Sokhim Pich (Cambodia) gave a presentation on Cambodia’s first BUR. He summarized
the history of Cambodia’s GHG inventory submissions until BUR1 under the UNFCCC and the33

2. Workshop Reportinstitutional arrangements for the inventory compilation. He also explained the estimatedemissions from 1994 to 2016 in the national GHG inventory in their BUR1. The national total
GHG emissions from Cambodia including the Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) were 163,592
Gg CO2 eq. in 2016. This was 285% higher than the 1994 emissions mainly due to major
deforestation in the FOLU sector after 2010. He also introduced mitigation actions and theireffects in Cambodia.
Mr. BounEua Khamphilavanh (Laos) gave a presentation on the national GHG inventory of
Laos. He first gave an overview of the institutional arrangement for GHG inventory compilation
and reporting process, and secondly, he detailed the GHG emissions of the national total and eachsector for 2014. The national total GHG emissions in Laos were 24,099.98 Gg CO2 eq. The largest
emission sector was AFOLU with 18,793.41 Gg CO2 eq. and the second largest sector was energy
with 3,729.42 Gg CO2 eq. The emissions from Industrial Process and Product Use (IPPU) and
Waste sectors were 1,151.89 and 423.68 Gg CO2 eq., respectively.
Dr. Gao Qingxian (China) gave a brief introduction to China’s BUR2. He first explained thevery diverse regional circumstances followed by an explanation of the national GHG inventory.
He mentioned that 40 key categories were identified, the most often used method was Tier 2, anda lot of country-specific emission factors were used. As for total national emissions, he explainedthat the Energy sector accounted for 78% of it in 2014. He also showed that QA/QC had been
conducted to reduce uncertainties.
Ms. Nguyen Van Anh (Viet Nam) gave a presentation on Viet Nam’s national GHG inventory
under BUR3. She explained that Viet Nam’s newest BUR3 with data for 2016 was submitted to
UNFCCC in April 2021 and Viet Nam has already started the preparation for NC4 with 2018 data
and for BTR1 with 2022 data. She also explained that the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and the 2019
Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019
Refinement) were mainly used as estimation methodologies, and Global Warming Potentials(GWPs) in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) were applied for estimation. QA/QC were
implemented, key category analysis and uncertainty assessment were conducted, andrecalculation for the years reported in past inventories was also conducted. She acknowledged
challenges such as unavailability of some activity data necessary for the application of the 2006
IPCC Guidelines, and limited country-specific emission factors.
Ms. Dayang Ratnasari Binti Abu Bakar (Malaysia) gave a presentation on Malaysia’s BUR3
and the GHG inventory for 2016 included in it which was estimated by using the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines. Total emissions without LULUCF for Malaysia were 316,833.23 Gg CO2 eq. and theEnergy sector represented 79% of it. She also explained the major sources for each GHG, resultsof key category analysis and uncertainty analysis, trends of GHG emissions throughout the timeseries for the total and for each sector, and mitigation actions and quantified emissions reductions.
In the presentations above, some countries reported the challenges they faced, such as collectionof activity data and establishment of institutional arrangements. Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC)
suggested that the reason for the problems of accessing data occurred because the national GHG
inventory management system had not been established soundly. He also encouraged countries toregister and access the UNFCCC Secretariat GHG Help Desk, which was recently established tosupport developing countries by providing a communication platform allowing GHG practitioners
to resolve the issues they face and access useful information on the sound development of national
GHG inventories whenever they encountered any trouble and/or had questions. There were also
some questions on AFOLU sector-related matters, such as the reason for a large change in timeseries emission data, future plans for mitigation actions, and improvement/reduction of
uncertainty, since AFOLU is a major sector for Southeast Asian countries.
44

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIESThe conclusions of this session are the following. First, countries still face common challenges
regarding acquisition of activity data, uncertainty analysis, development of country specificemission factors, and establishment of QA/QC procedures and national systems, although eachcountry has different circumstances. Second, it is important to share information on / experiencein the preparation for NCs/BURs, especially given the soon-approaching BTRs under the Paris
Agreement, which will build on these earlier experiences, and it is encouraged to utilize capacitybuilding opportunities.

2.3 Session II: Transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Resources That Will Facilitate
Compilation
This session was chaired by Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB; Bogor Agricultural University).
Decision 18/CMA.1, adopted at COP24, requires all Parties to use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for their inventories from 2024 under the ETF of the Paris Agreement. Although some WGIA
member countries have already applied the 2006 IPCC Guidelines in their inventories, not a few
WGIA member countries are facing difficulties to use the guidelines. This session took up thetransition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and resources that could facilitate compilation. The firsthalf of this session focused on the actual application of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for WGIA
member countries’ GHG inventories.
Mr. Sivach Kaewcharoen (Thailand) made a presentation of the experience of building anational system including the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory System (TGEIS) to
apply the 2006 IPCC Guidelines to Thailand’s GHG inventory. By organizing the national system
and inventory compilation process, TGEIS assists in the compilation of the national GHG
inventory in Thailand. He also described the challenges in improving data collection andmethodologies that Thailand is currently facing.
Ms. Winnie Chia (Singapore) made a presentation of the experiences of methodologicalchanges in the transition from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (1996 IPCC Guidelines) to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines in Singapore. Revising thecarbon content of refinery gas in CO2 emission estimates, including the new gas of NF3, andapplying new GWPs in AR5 were some of the highlights in the transition, where Singapore
recalculated its GHG emission estimates for whole time series. She also stated that Singapore had
faced some challenges in the acquisition of needed data for the transport sector as well as historical
data for other emission streams. The former was addressed by shifting to a lower tier while thelatter was addressed by using splicing techniques to estimate historical data.
Ms. Sandee G. Recabar (Philippines) made a presentation of the details of the measures thatwere undertaken to help the government as a whole to decide on shifting to the use of the 2006
IPCC Guidelines to compile the national GHG inventory report. Based on Executive Order 174
in 2014 and relevant inter-agency meetings, the Philippines started to use the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines. In the presentation, she focused on the experience of establishing a national systemand conducting capacity building, which included the UNFCCC QA Workshop (2019) to compile
the 2010 inventory.
Following the above presentations, the participants had a discussion and Q&A about applying
the 2006 IPCC Guidelines in these countries. During the Q&A, in response to a question from Dr.
Bundit Limmeechokchai (Thailand) about the timeline of inventory compilation, Ms. Recabar
55

2. Workshop Report
explained that the Philippines had prioritized efforts to build a sustainable national system: thecalculation work was once done by private consultants, however, it is currently done by thegovernment. Related to this, Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) provided additional informationon the QA in-country workshops which the UNFCCC Secretariat is able to organize upon requestfrom a National Focal Point in order to improve the quality and transparency of national GHG
inventories reported by developing countries.
In the discussion, Prof. Rizaldi Boer, the chairperson, pointed out that the three countries thatmade presentations in this session have built robust national systems to compile GHG inventories
in line with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. He indicated that, to make it possible, it was necessary tomaintain personnel responsible for the national inventory.
Mr. Irawan Asaad (Indonesia) asked these presenters how QA/QC was conducted. Ms. Sandee
G. Recabar responded that the Philippines was discussing internally the possibility to prepare
sectoral inventory reports as documentation activities. Ms. Winnie Chia and Mr. Sivach
Kaewcharoen explained that they provided a checklist to data owners to fill out.
The second half of the session focused on providing information on resources that could
facilitate compilation.
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (AB; IPCC TFI) made a presentation on the IPCC inventory
software for the estimation of GHG emissions/removals in line with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The latest version 2.691 of the software has functions of not only Tier 2 estimation methodology
for most categories in Energy, IPPU, Agriculture, and Waste sectors, but also uncertainty
assessment and key category analysis. In the presentation, she specifically explained how to use
the software for the AFOLU sector. She also described future update plans of the software.
Mr. Francesco N. Tubiello (FAO) made a presentation on the FAOSTAT. The FAOSTAT
provides GHG emission/removal estimates in the AFOLU sector by country over long time series
by using IPCC Tier 1 methodology. He noted that in the FAOSTAT, users can obtain both activity
data and GHG emissions on the AFOLU sector and can use the database as a verification tool for
GHG emission estimates.
Prof. Watanabe Masataka (Chuo University) made a presentation on CO2 emission estimatesby using Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and GOSAT-2. The GOSAT series
provide GHG emission estimates independent of national GHG inventories and aim to support theverification of GHG inventories. After showing preliminary comparison results between satellite
observation of CO2 and inventory data in Mongolia, he expressed interest in contributing to theimprovement of national GHG inventories.
During the Q&A, in response to questions from Ms. Hayashi Atsuko (GIO) and Mr. Hassan
Ibrahim (Singapore) about the IPCC software, Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav explained that thecurrent version of the IPCC software was in line with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and allowed forexporting Table 1 and 2 of the NAI NCs guidelines, but was not adjusted to accommodate
Common Reporting Tables (CRT) reporting because the tables were not agreed on yet.
In response to a question from Dr. Bundit Limmeechokchai about mitigation measures in the
Agriculture sector to achieve net-zero emissions, Mr. Francesco Tubiello suggested that there was
mitigation potential for the FAO’s Land-Use Change category (narrower than IPCC’s LULUCF
sector) through ecosystem management such as reduction of deforestation, although there wasalmost no mitigation potential for the FAO’s Farm Gate category (farm-related categories in
IPCC’s Agriculture, LULUCF and Energy sectors).

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In response to questions from Dr. Bundit Limmeechokchai, Dr. Gao Qingxian (China), and Prof.
Rizaldi Boer about new remote sensing technology and its accuracy, Prof. Watanabe Masataka
gave additional explanations of how to identify current anthropogenic CO2 from satellite datafrom the GOSAT series, and how the comparison between GOSAT data and Mongolian GHG
inventory was ongoing and still improving.
Through the above discussions, the participants concluded that, for the transition to the 2006
IPCC Guidelines and the modalities, procedures and guidelines (MPGs), it was important to build
robust national systems that would allow sustainable compilation of GHG inventories. The
necessary elements identified for a robust national system were: 1) establishing a good datacollection system, 2) developing QA/QC processes, 3) maintaining internal manuals anddocumentation to safeguard against personnel changes, and 4) conducting capacity building for
inventory compilers. For the countries facing difficulties in the application of the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines in their GHG inventories, various international resources were offered to support andenhance compilation.

2.4 Session III: National GHG Inventory for the Transparency
Framework Under the Paris Agreement
This session was chaired by Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (AB; IPCC TFI).
All countries will be required to submit BTRs from 2024 under the ETF of the Paris Agreement.
WGIA member countries will need to continuously enhance their national systems andcompilation capacity to prepare national GHG inventories in the BTRs to meet the requirements
under the ETF. This session was held with the aim of sharing the information of the newrequirements, capacity-building opportunities, and experience-based good practices fromdeveloped countries.
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) gave an overview of the ETF and a detailed explanation of
the reporting requirements related to national GHG inventories. He emphasized that the MPGs
for the transparency framework for action and support under the Paris Agreement (Annex toDecision 18/CMA.1) are applicable to all Parties.
Following the presentation, Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO) suggested that it would also be helpful
for inventory compilers to be certified as inventory reviewers or team of technical experts (TTE)
members and participate in inventory reviews / Technical Analysis (TA) of BURs before
submission under the ETF starts. She noted that the depth and wealth of experiences previously
gained regarding the thinking on inventories will be the basis for the inventory portion of the
BTRs, and the above-mentioned opportunities will function as internal capacity building for eachnational system.
Mr. Kosaka Naofumi (GIO) provided information on the Japanese 2015 submission to help
inventory compilers plan for the transition to the MPGs, including the timeline for the submission,
institutional arrangements, and general considerations for updating methodologies. Japan initiatedthe consideration of applying the 2006 IPCC Guidelines in the Committee for GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods in 2012. In the 2015 submission, there were new emission sources or removal
sinks in all sectors. As a result of the recalculation from the 2014 submission, the national total(incl. LULUCF) increased about 3–4% for the whole time series. He also explained Japan’s
calculation system using Microsoft Excel as well as reporting through the Common Reporting
Format (CRF) Reporter.
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Mr. John Steller (USEPA) described how the U.S. addressed data gaps using splicing techniquescontained in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for ensuring time-series consistency in the U.S. GHG
inventory. He provided an example of how the surrogate data method was applied to estimate theCH4 emissions from rice cultivation by filling the gap in the key activity data at the end of thetime series before obtaining the newest survey results.
Following the presentations, Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (AB; IPCC TFI), the chair of thissession, noted that data in the LULUCF sector whose estimation of emissions/removals needs totake into consideration past land use and data of at least 20 years before the reporting years most
likely require some splicing techniques and it is good practice to determine the best approachbased on a clear understanding of the splicing techniques and data circumstances.
In response to a question from Mr. Hassan Ibrahim (Singapore) asking for additional
experiences of addressing data gaps, Mr. John Steller explained that they applied the interpolation
method for certain years for cropland and grassland estimations and used a different data set toaddress the data gaps that occurred when the statistics did not cover all U.S. land. Mr. Kosaka
Naofumi said that they addressed the data gaps for CH4 emission estimation from fuel combustion
by using the interpolation and the trend extrapolation methods because the publishing interval of
statistics was longer than annual.
In relation to a question raised by Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto (IPCC TFI; Consultative Group of Experts(CGE)) on separating emissions between the Agriculture and LULUCF sectors to fulfill thereporting requirement under the MPGs, Mr. John Steller explained how the U.S. GHG inventory
was divided. Mr. Kosaka Naofumi mentioned that the current CRF (which is already divided
between the Agriculture and LULUCF sectors) was based on the Good Practice Guidance forLand Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG-LULUCF), so mapping between the categories
in the GPG-LULUCF and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines would probably be helpful to separate the
AFOLU sector.
Regarding the presentation of Mr. Dominique Revet, Ms. Nguyen Van Anh (Viet Nam) asked
how to receive continuous support for developing BTRs, as well as BURs/NCs. He suggested
contacting the implementing agency of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) because it shouldbe already available.
Concerning a question from Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon (Thailand) about how to apply thesurrogate data method and how to deal with the uncertainty assessment, Mr. John Steller clarified
that they had tested the interpolation approach and the surrogate data approach with weather dataand harvest area data, etc., and selected the surrogate data method with rice commodity data as
the better option. Regarding the uncertainty assessment, he explained that an additional part of
the uncertainty caused by partial adoption of the surrogate data method was separately conducted.
In relation to a question from Mr. Irawan Asaad (Indonesia) about the frequency and the processof recalculations in the U.S. GHG inventory, Mr. John Steller described that they conducted
recalculation annually and most of the recalculations were made when new/updated data became
available, and that they discussed whether the new data should be incorporated or not and thenestimated the impact of recalculations. Regarding recalculations due to methodology changes, amore detailed documentation of the new methodology is needed.
For this session, the following conclusions were made.
The transition to new guidelines leads to considerable changes for inventories with newsources/sinks, gases, and methodologies, and therefore it is important to allocate enough timefrom early stages and utilize practical solutions based on a clear understanding of the newrequirements under the ETF. Data availability for the whole time series is a common challenge,88CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
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but data gaps can be addressed by using techniques such as splicing provided in the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines. It is important to ensure the data quality of the time series and it is encouraged to takeadvantage of the WGIA network to learn from countries already using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

2.5 Closing Session
First, Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO) gave summaries of all the sessions including the Mutual
Learning sessions and plenary sessions during WGIA18. Regarding the Mutual Learning, shehighlighted an example from one of the participating countries where they had listed the issues
identified in a prior Mutual Learning and started working on resolving them. She suggested that
other countries follow suit if they were interested in doing so. She also expressed appreciation to
the chairs of the plenary sessions for their guidance during the discussions.
Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto (IPCC TFI; CGE) acknowledged the progress made in the GHG inventories
of WGIA member countries and stressed the importance of the role of the WGIA network for the
next period of inventory preparation under the ETF.
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) emphasized the importance of continuous development of
the GHG inventories to meet the new requirements under the ETF by utilizing all the available
opportunities and resources provided by Japan, IPCC, UNFCCC, etc.
Dr. Gao Qingxian (China) commented that WGIA provided a great opportunity for linking all
the Asian countries together by sharing experiences and knowledge and providing advice to eachother. He also noted that the Mutual Learning was the best way to learn from each other.
Mr. Francesco N. Tubiello (FAO) expressed FAO’s willingness to continuously take part in theefforts of WGIA, including those related to the GHG inventory in the AFOLU sector, by providing
linkages to food and agriculture-related matters in general, especially because
AFOLU/Agriculture plays a large role in developing countries' inventories andmitigation/adaptation strategies.
Finally, Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO) thanked all for their active participation and wished for thefurther strengthening of the network within the countries as well as for seeing everyone at the next
WGIA in person, if possible.

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3

Abstracts

In this section, the abstracts of the presentations are compiled. The abstracts are attached in an
unedited form, as they were received from the presenters.

3.1 Opening Session
Introduction to the WGIA 18
ITO Hiroshi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO/CGER/NIES), Japan

Abstract
Non-Annex I (NAI) Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) are required to prepare Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories as a part ofNational Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Report (BURs) and future Biennial
Transparency Report (BTRs) to be periodically submitted to the Conference of the Parties (COP)
under the UNFCCC. It becomes important to develop reliable GHG inventory of NAI countries
and to enhance its further improvement.
To support developing and improving GHG Inventories of NAI Parties in Asia, the Workshop
on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA) was organized by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan(MOEJ) and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), and has been held on
annually since 2003. The member countries are 16 countries (Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China,
India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam). So far, WGIA achieved to strengthen a network of regional
government officials and experts and to make website and proceedings.
Unfortunately, last year's WGIA could not be held due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, andits ongoing status still makes it hard to hold an in-person workshop. This year, therefore, we will
be holding WGIA online.
The upcoming 18th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA18) is to be held 8 - 14 July
2021. The WGIA18 aims:
1) To enhance sector-specific capacity for inventory compilation,2) To enhance the quality of GHG inventory for NCs and BURs and in future BTR
3) To enhance the understanding of transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories and resources that will facilitate compilation, and
4) To improve the understanding of the Transparency Framework under the Paris Agreement andhow to prepare for it.
Approximately 100 participants are expected to be present in this 18th workshop. Participants
are government officials and researchers from 15 countries in Asia (the participating countries)and experts from international organizations (the IPCC Task Force on National GHG Inventories(IPCC/TFI), the secretariat of UNFCCC, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)), and others.

Access to relevant information
http://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/wgia/index.html

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Japan’s Current Progress on Global Warming Countermeasures
HAYASHI Toru, GONDA Yu, YAMAZAKI Tomoya, MIYATA Kazuaki
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office, Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract
Japan’s greenhouse gas emissions have decreased six years in a row since FY2014 mainly due
to the decrease in energy consumption and decarbonization of electricity. In FY2019, Japan’s total
greenhouse gas emissions were estimated at 1,212 Mt CO2 eq. (reflecting a 14.0% decrease
compared to FY2013 and a 12.3% decrease compared to FY2005), falling to a record low since
FY1990. On the other hand, our GDP has been on the rise in recent years. Greenhouse gas
emissions per unit of GDP have decreased seven years in a row.
As a statutory plan recommending concrete policies and measures to be implemented by thewhole government and outlining measures to be taken by businesses and the public etc., the “Planfor Global Warming Countermeasures” was decided by the Cabinet in May 2016. The progress of
the Plan is monitored every year, and the results are reported to and approved by the Global
Warming Prevention Headquarters, which consists of all Cabinet members. Out of the 110 policies
and measures listed in the Plan, in terms of reductions, 84% are evaluated as progressing at a pacethat meets or exceeds the target levels. The Plan is currently under review with these results taken
into consideration.
Last year, Japan announced that Japan will aim to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions
by 2050. In May, the amended Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures wasunanimously passed by the Diet, with the realization of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by
2050 positioned as a basic principle. Additionally, in April, the Prime Minister announced thatJapan aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 46% in FY2030 from its FY2013 levels,
setting an ambitious target which is aligned with the long-term goal. Furthermore, Japan willcontinue strenuous efforts in its challenge to meet the lofty goal of cutting its emission by 50%.
Japan’s new 2030 target reflects an over 70% increase of its previous target, and it will certainly
not be an easy task. However, by defining a top-level ambitious target befitting to a next growthstrategy of the nation which underpins manufacturing in the world, Japan is ready to demonstrate
its leadership for world-wide decarbonization.

References/Publications

1. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April 2021)
2. Japan’s Fourth Biennial Report (December 2019)
3. Submission of Japan’s Nationally Determined Contribution (May 2020)
4. Overview of the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (May 2016)
5. Outlines of Japan's Long-term Strategy under the Paris Agreement (June 2019)

Access to relevant information

1. https://unfccc.int/documents/271503
2. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/BR4_JPN_v1.1.pdf
3. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/Pages/All.aspx
4. https://www.env.go.jp/press/files/en/676.pdf
5. https://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/cc/npa/outlines_of_japanese_long-term_strategy_under_
the_paris_agreement_190611.pdf

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3.2 Session I
Cambodia’s first Biennial Update Report (fBUR)
PICH Sokhim
Department of Climate Change, General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable
Development, Ministry of Environment, Cambodia

Abstract
Cambodia was a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) through the ratification in December 1995 and officially became a member on 17
March 1996. The country ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002, which entered into force in February
2005. Cambodia also signed the Paris Climate Agreement on 22 April 2016 and ratified it on 6
February 2017. This demonstrates Cambodia´s active participation with the global communities
to address the adverse impacts of climate change.
Cambodia is one of the lowest contributors to the causes of climate change, but the country still
remains one of the most vulnerable countries to its impact. Hence, Cambodia takes climate change
seriously in her development agenda to ensure a greener, low-carbon and climate-resilient,equitable, sustainable, and knowledge-based society, while contributing to global efforts toaddressing climate change. This is reflected in the Rectangular Strategy Phase IV (2018-2023)
and the National Strategic Development Plan (2019-2023). As result of its effort, Cambodia
prepared a number of policies, regulations, and reports related climate change and aligned andresponded to the international conventions such as UNFCCC, Paris agreement, and Kyoto
protocol, etc.
Cambodia prepared and submitted its first BUR to the UNFCCC secretariat in August 2020.
The report includes relevant data and information regarding Cambodia´s major sources of GHG
emissions and sinks, coupled with necessary mitigation measures already implemented orplanned; thus, furthering her contribution to global efforts to reducing GHG emissions. The reportis also developed in accordance with the UNFCCC BUR Guidelines. The total emissions ofgreenhouse gases (GHG) estimated are 163 592 Gg.CO2-eq in 2016, which is 285% higher thanthat of in 1994. The main driver for this increase in GHG emissions is the deforestation reflectedin the emissions of the FOLU sector. Agriculture represents the second largest emitter sector in
the country, which runs by Energy and waste sector, the third and fourth respectively. Emissions
per capita have increased from 4 to 10.42 tons CO2-eq/person/year. This increase is due mainly
to the high deforestation occurring in the country. Conversely, GHG emissions per unit of GDP
have been reduced from 15.41 to 8.24 tons CO2-eq/thousand USD/year. This reduction is due toGDP expansion, which is significantly higher than the increase of GHG emissions.

References/ Publications
2020 the General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development/Ministry ofEnvironment, the Kingdom of Cambodia.

Access to relevant information
1. https://unfccc.int/documents/232019
2. https://ncsd.moe.gov.kh/resources/document/cambodia%E2%80%99s-1st-BUR

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Lao National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
BounEua Khamphilavanh
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Lao PDR.

Abstract
The 2014 national inventory was, under first BUR preparation project, conducted based on
the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the baseyear was 2014. Tier 1 method and default emission factors (EFs) were used for estimation of
GHGs since the country-specific data, especially EFs were not available. However,Transparency, Accuracy, Consistency, Completeness, and Comparability (TACCC) were taken
into account in the inventory. This inventory covered emissions and removals for four sectors,
namely Energy, Industrial Process and Product Use (IPPU), Agriculture, Forestry and Other
Land Use (AFOLU) and Waste. The GHG emissions estimated were only CO2, CH4, and N2O
since data on halocarbon products and use were inadequate, while the emissions ofhydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) werepossibly small.
Total emissions are also small in comparison with other country in the regions. The net emission
was 24,099.98 GgCO2eq in 2014. AFOLU was the highest carbon sources and sink. The net
emission of the AFOLU sector was 18,793.41 GgCO2eq, accounting for about 78% of the total
emissions. Second largest source of emissions was Energy Sector, 3,729.42 GgCO2eq (15%). The
rest, IPPU and Waste shared 5% and 2% of the total emissions, respectively.

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Brief Introduction on The People’s Republic of China Second Biennial
Update Report on Climate Change (BUR2)
Abstract

Gao Qingxian
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES)

Recalling Articles 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), each Party shall submit its national communication. As a non-Annex I party to theConvention, the People’s Republic of China has actively fulfilled its international obligations. China
submitted The People’s Republic of China Initial National Communication on Climate Change (INC),
The People’s Republic of China Second National Communication on Climate Change (SNC) and The
People’s Republic of China First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change (BUR1) in 2004, 2012
and 2017 respectively, in which policies and actions for addressing climate change and related
information were comprehensively stated, and the 1994, 2005 and 2012 national greenhouse gas
inventories were reported.
According to decisions 1/CP.16 adopted at COP 16 in 2010 and 2/CP.17 at COP 17 in 2011, nonAnnex I Parties, consistent with their capabilities and the level of support received for reporting,should submit their biennial update reports, containing updates of national greenhouse gas inventories,
mitigation actions, and needs and support received. The biennial update report should be subject tointernational consultation and analysis (ICA). Upon receiving the grants from the Global Environment
Facility in 2015, the Chinese government organized the departments and research institutions
concerned and by following UNFCCC biennial update reporting guidelines for Parties not included in
Annex I to the Convention. The People’s Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on
Climate Change（BUR2）was completed in 2018.
The BUR2 of China approved by the Chinese government, is divided into six Parts: National
Circumstances and Institutional Arrangements, National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Mitigation
Actions and Their Effects, Funds, Technology and Capacity-Building Needs and Support Received,
Basic Information of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region SAR on Addressing Climate
Change, Basic Information of the Macao SAR on Addressing Climate Change, and other information,
presenting a full picture of China’s national efforts on addressing climate change.
The national greenhouse gas inventory presented herein is of 2014, while the relevant data andinformation in other parts are generally updated to 2016. In accordance with the relevant principles
set down in the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR and the Basic Law of the Macao SAR, the basic
information of these two SARs on addressing climate change in this report is provided by theEnvironmental Protection Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government and the Meteorologicaland Geophysical Bureau of the Macao SAR Government, respectively. Considering its basic national
circumstances and the characteristics of its development stage, China is vigorously promoting ecocivilization, and executing a national strategy for actively addressing climate change by integratingclimate change into its medium- and long-term national socio-economic development planning. China
is trying to accelerate green low-carbon development and actively controlling greenhouse gas
emission by resorting to legal, administrative, technical and market means. The Chinese government
will continue, as always, to fulfill its own obligations under UNFCCC on the basis of equity and inaccordance with common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, and to fulfill
the international commitments actively.
China will implement its Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions and Nationally Determined
Contributions comprehensively, participate in negotiations on global climate change actively, promote
the establishment of an equitable, rational, cooperative and win-win global climate governance,
deepen bilateral dialogues and pragmatic cooperation on climate change, support other developing
countries to enhance their capacity building in response to climate change, and promote to build acommunity with a shared future for mankind.
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3. Abstracts

Malaysia’s Third Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC
Dayang Ratnasari Binti Abu Bakar
Ministry of Environment and Water, Malaysia

Abstract
The presentation includes information reported in Malaysia’s Third Biennial Update Report(BUR3) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
submitted in 2020. The greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory details the anthropogenic emissions
and removals for the year 2016 of four sectors: energy; industrial processes and product use(IPPU); agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU); and waste. These GHG inventory
estimates were obtained following to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories. The total GHG emissions for 2016 were 316,833 Gg CO2 eq for emissions without
LULUCF and 75,488 Gg CO2 eq with LULUCF. The major sources of CO2, CH4 and N2O,
along with the key category and uncertainty analyses, and the time series estimates from 1990 to2016 for all the sectors are presented. The mitigation actions in 2016 are also presented briefly,
followed by the issues and challenges in reporting.

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National GHG Inventory under Viet Nam’s BUR3NGUYEN Van Anh
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet Nam

Abstract
The national GHG inventory is an important part of the Biennial Updated Report (BUR) as well as
the National Communications (NC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). In Viet Nam, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) is assignedby the Government to be the National Focal Point for the implementation of UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol,
Paris Agreement (PA) and other international commitments related to climate change in Viet Nam
including the development of periodically national reports and national GHG inventories to the
UNFCCC.
Viet Nam has implemented national GHG inventories for the inventory years of 1994 (INC), 2000
(SNC), 2010 (BUR1), 2013 (BUR2) and 2014 (TNC) for five sectors, including energy; industrial
processes (IP); agriculture, land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF); and waste funded from
GEF through UNEP. Under the framework of the BUR3 project, Viet Nam conducted a national GHG
inventory for year 2016 and recalculated the national GHG inventory for year 2010 and 2014 among
sectors: energy, IPPU, AFOLU and waste based on 2006, 2019 refinement to the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines with the global warming potential (GWP) value for 100 years according to the fifth IPCC
Assessment report on climate change (AR5).
The institutional arrangements for the 2016 national GHG inventory are in accordance with thenational GHG inventory system specified under the Prime Minister Decision No.2359/2015/QD-TTg
dated December 22, 2015. The Department of Climate Change (DCC) under MONRE is responsible
for GHG inventory development; lead and coordinate with relevant agencies in the GHG inventory
implementation system and compile technical reports.
Total GHG emissions/removals in 2016 in Viet Nam was 316,734.96 thousand tCO2eq. Amongwhich, the energy sector accounted for biggest share of 65% while IPPU takes second, 14.6%. The
third biggest sector went to AFOLU, 13.9%, followed by the waste sector, 6.5%. In the framework ofdeveloping BUR3, recalculation of the national GHG inventories for 2010 and 2014 was conducted
including updating AD according to national statistics as well as EFs and some parameters, conversion
factors were applied in the 2016 national GHG inventories to ensure principles of the GHG inventory
such as transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability, consistency.
The 2016 national GHG inventory under Viet Nam’s BUR3 had some improvements in comparison
with previous time. Some main improvements are 2006 IPCC Guidelines application; more detailed
AD, country specific EFs/parameters and sub-sectors calculation.
The national GHG inventory for 2016 marks an important step forward in improving transparencyof national GHG inventory reports. Some lessons learnt from this GHG inventory in order to meet therequirements of the ETF for the next time in the country are allocation of the permanent budget for
the national GHG inventory; maintain of the national GHG inventory institutional arrangement on acontinuous basic, legislation of the GHG inventory process; enhancement of the technical assistanceand cooperation with the international donors (UNEP) as well as others and between National Focal
Point and related Ministries/agencies in the country; plan of the country specific EFs development bysuitable roadmap; capacity building for the expert team through learning by doing.

References/ Publications

MONRE (2020), Viet Nam’s BUR3 to the UNFCCC.
MONRE (2020), Viet Nam’s NIR 2016 to the UNFCCC.

Access to relevant information
https://unfccc.int/documents/273504
https://unfccc.int/documents/273503

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3.3 Session II
Transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Thailand

Sivach Kaewcharoen
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), Thailand

Abstract
The Office of Natural Resource and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) through the Climate
Change Management and Coordination Division is the National Focal Point (NFP) for the UNFCCC andKP at national and international levels. In fulfilling its reporting requirements, the country submitted its
Initial National Communication, Second National Communication, and Third Communication in
November 2000, March 2011, and August 2018, respectively. The First Biennial Update Report and theSecond Biennial Update Report were submitted to the UNFCCC in December 2015 and December 2017,
respectively.
Thailand established the National Committee on Climate Change Policy (NCCC) in 2007 in order tofulfill Thailand’s commitments under the UNFCCC and to define national climate policies. Currently, the
NCCC is composed of 5 subcommittees: 1) Subcommittee on Climate Change Policy and Planning
Integration, 2) Subcommittee on Climate Change Knowledge and Database, 3) Subcommittee on Climate
Change Negotiation and International Cooperation, 4) Subcommittee on Public Relations and Actions for
Climate Empowerment, and 5) Subcommittee on Climate Law (added in 2019). Furthermore, Thailand has
updated its National Greenhouse Gas Inventory in accordance with the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines, including by applying Thailand Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory
System (TGEIS). Adjustments have also been made to the sub-sectoral working groups responsible fordata collection in estimating GHG emissions for 5 sectors in the GHG inventory.
To compliment these efforts and the achievement of the country’s Sustainable Development Goals on
climate change and Thailand 4.0 national development policy, Thailand also initiated the “Thailand
Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory System (TGEIS)” project. Institutional arrangement is a critical partof the national GHG inventory system. TGEIS provides structure, assists in institutionalizing inventory
process, and improves national capacity to generate national GHG inventory in accordance with the 2006
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. In addition, Thailand will be able to better
manage GHG emission estimation and its approval process. Systematic estimation will also yield
tremendous benefits for Thailand in achieving accurate calculation outcome and supporting policy makers
to formulate national climate change policy as well as measures in comprehensive manner.

National Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Thailand

The estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in this report comprises of both direct emission(CO2, CH4, N2O) and indirect emission (NOX, CO, NMVOCs and SO2). In 2016, Thailand’s total directemissions (excluding those from the Land Use and the Land-Use Change and Forestry – LULUCF – sector)
were 354,357.61 GgCO2eq, while the net removal of CO2 was 91,134.15 GgCO2eq. Net GHG emissions
were therefore 263,223.46 GgCO2eq and resulted from 1) Energy (253,895.61 GgCO2eq), 2) Industrial
Processes and Product Use (IPPU) (31,531.41 GgCO2eq), 3) Agriculture (52,158.70 GgCO2eq) and 4)
Waste (16,771.89 GgCO2eq). The proportion of GHG emissions in the energy sector accounted for 71.65%
of total emission sources in 2016, followed by the agriculture, IPPU and waste sectors. Overall, Thailand’s
GHG emissions represent less 1% of global emissions and lower than world average.
During the TBUR’s national GHG inventory development, Thailand faced several constraints and gapsthat need to be addressed. This includes limitations and barriers that affect the quality of GHG inventory
estimation and compilation. It is important to improve the quality of the national statistics compiled byrelevant agencies to further improve the overall quality of the national GHG inventory.

References/ Publications

Thailand Third Biennial Update Report.
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CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
National Environment Agency, Singapore

Abstract
To build capacity to facilitate the transition to 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas (GHG) Inventories, Singapore has been actively participating in training programmesorganised by the UNFCCC Secretariat, IPCC and other technical expert organisations.
To enhance the transparency of the National GHG inventory, Singapore transitioned fromusing a mix of the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories and 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National GHG Inventories for sectors/categories (i.e. energy, manufacturingindustry, commercial, residential and transport) in the Biennial Update Reports (BURs) to using
the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for all sectors in the Fourth BUR. In addition, the Global Warming
Potentials (GWPs) applied to all GHGs now take reference from the IPCC Fifth Assessment
Report (AR5) instead of the IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR), to take into account thefindings of the AR5. Furthermore, in addition to the six GHGs, Singapore had taken the initiative
to include a seventh GHG, NF3, into the national GHG inventory for subsequent NCs and
BURs.
In line with IPCC Good Practice Guidance to continually review the GHG inventory,
Singapore’s GHG inventory has been updated in a consistent manner. Where historical data isunavailable, the splicing techniques prescribed in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, such as
extrapolation and surrogate method, were applied to ensure time series consistency. Where
default conversion and emission factors were used, they were referenced from the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines.
The transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, inclusion of NF3 gas and change in GWPs values
from SAR to AR5 had resulted in a 1-2% decrease in GHG emissions across the time series forthe later years. For 1994 and 2000, the increase in GHG emissions by approximately 1 to 5%
was largely due to revision in data or unavailability of data in the earlier years which had now
been included through splicing techniques.
Singapore will continue to participate in technical workshops, and consult subject experts at the
UNFCCC Secretariat, think-tanks, academia and international organisations to further enhance
our Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) processes and climate policies. Having
learnt much from these efforts, we continue to pay it forward by sharing our experiences andbest practices with fellow developing countries.

References/ Publications
Singapore’s Fourth Biennial Update Report19
19

3. Abstracts

Philippine Case for Transitioning to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Sandee G. Recabar
Climate Change Commission, Philippines

Abstract
With the enactment of the Climate Change Law of 2009, creating the Climate Change
Commission, the Philippine Government worked towards institutionalizing the conduct of thegreenhouse gas inventories. The issuance of Executive Order 174 effectively lays down theestablishment of the Philippine Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management and Reporting System(PGHGIMRS) which includes the institutional arrangement as well as roles and responsibilities
of identified national government agencies in the conduct of the national GHG inventory. For
its first national exercise, it was decided by the EO -174 agencies that the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
will be used for producing the 2010 national GHG inventory report. This presentation will
provide details on the measures that were undertaken to help the government decide on shifting
to the use of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. It will also focus on the development of reference
manuals, protocols and templates including the process for the conduct of capacity building
initiatives designed towards preparing the agencies in using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Lessons
learned from the first national exercise and preparations for the next inventory cycles of 2015 and2020 shall also be presented. Putting premium in sustaining the GHG inventory process andgearing up towards transparency reporting, the Philippine Government established the National
Integrated Climate Change Database Information and Exchange System (NICCDIES) portal
designed to report and track climate action and support. This system will not only provide
critical inputs towards mainstreaming climate change in domestic development planning process
but also assist in generating climate reports for the UNFCCC. The system also includes pertinent
data information and visualization of the greenhouse gas inventories that the Philippine
Government communicated to the UNFCCC including the 2010 GHG inventory which used the2006 IPCC Guidelines.

References/ Publications
Office of the President. (November 24, 2014). Institutionalizing the Philippine Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Management and Reporting System. Manila. Executive Order No. 174 series of2014.

Access to relevant information
https://niccdies.climate.gov.ph/ghg-inventory/national

20
20

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

IPCC Inventory Software
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector
Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Senior Programme Officer, Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Forceon National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Abstract
IPCC Inventory Software was launched in 2012 with the aim to implement default
methodologies provided in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines including cross-cutting elements of anational greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory such as uncertainty analysis, key category analysis andquality control. It also allows database administration, data export/import and data reporting (2006
IPCC Guidelines reporting tables).
The latest version 2.691 released in 2020 implements Tier 2 methods for most categories ofEnergy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) and Waste sectors as well as Agriculture
categories of the AFOLU sector.
The software has two dedicated functionalities as data managers for the AFOLU sector: i) theLand Type Manager and ii) the Livestock Manager. Parameters entered in the data managers areused across relevant worksheets to calculate GHG emissions and removals from source/sink
categories of the AFOLU sector. The software also supports constructing Land Use Matrix (acomplete view of area transitions between land use categories) for 3B Land categories of the
AFOLU sector.
There are several ongoing and planned updates of the IPCC Inventory Software including thosefor the AFOLU sector (e.g., updates to land representation (all 3 approaches), implementation ofstock-difference approach, implementation of methods provided in the 2013 Supplement to the2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands).

References/ Publications
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara
T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.
IPCC 2014, 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Wetlands, Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda,
M. and Troxler, T.G. (eds). Published: IPCC, Switzerland.

Access to relevant information
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/index.html

21
21

3. Abstracts

FAOSTAT Emissions data: Agriculture and Forest Land, 1990–2019
Francesco N Tubiello, Giulia Conchedda and Griffiths OblyLayrea
Statistics Division, FAO, Rome Italy

Abstract
The goals of FAO in terms of statistics for supporting its member countries on GHG data
include: i) to enhance capacity of countries to collect, analyse and report data on food andagriculture and food systems, consistently with UNFCCC and SDG processes; ii) to provide
global knowledge products that enable analysis of food and agriculture trends at regional andworld level (e.g., IPCC AR6); and iii) to disseminate data and tools in support of country QAQC
and validation processes for their NGHGIs (e.g., IPCC GLs, UNFCCC Lead reviewers meeting2021). The new FAOSTAT Emissions database provides emissions estimates at IPCC Tier 1, bycountry and over long time series. It offers a global knowledge product useful to assess trends infood and agriculture emissions at country, regional and global level, which complements theinformation that countries regularly provide to the UNFCCC. In this context, the FAO data areused regularly in academic reports in international journals, including the upcoming IPCC AR6.
The new FAOSTAT update, up to the year 2019, includes for the first time the possibility tocompare the FAO estimates to the most recently available UNFCCC country data, withfunctionalities allowing users to analyse both emissions and activity data, in support of QAQC
and validation processes within NGHGI development.
New features of the FAOSTAT data include new functionalities to also link the estimatednational statistics to underlying geospatial information generated by FAO in the area of drainedorganic soils, burning biomass and peatland fires, and disseminated via the new Hand-in-Hand
geospatial platform, the Google Earth Engine and Earth Map.

22
22

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Estimation of GHG emission/absorption using satellite data
in Mongolia
Masataka Watanabe1, Akihiro Oba1, Zamba Batjargal2 and Gomboluudev Purevjav3
Chuo University (Japan), 2Ministry of Environment and Tourism (Mongolia),
Information and Research Institute for Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (Mongolia)
13

Abstract
The Paris Agreement requires each country to report anthropogenic emissions of greenhousegases (GHG). However, there is a gap between actual GHG emission/sink and reported
emission/sink due to the data quality of national statistics and limitation of the emission factor of
the IPCC guideline. Therefore, it is necessary to identify missing-source/missing sink to increase
the accuracy of the inventory. To make this report more transparent, we propose comparing andverifying their emission reports using the satellite data observed by GOSAT and GOSAT-2.
Biennial Update Report (BUR) is rather difficult for many countries, non-Annex I party, inparticular, due to human resource limitation, internally long process for completing reports, andbudget shortage. Vital needs exist in supporting accurate GHG national inventory by GOSAT
based estimation of GHG emission/absorption, supporting biennial reporting, and supporting
validation for global stocktake.
We co-developed the model, which employs inverse analysis based on the Green function using
GOSAT-series satellite observation results and estimates posterior emissions volumes of a GHG
emissions inventory using GOSAT series data. Compared with the Mongolian National GHG
emissions inventory (estimated by GDP growth rate), we need to continue efforts for LULUCF
even more than for anthropogenic emissions. The approach with this co-development is ideal forestablishing a sustainable approach when Mongolia uses it as the standardized methodology.
Furthermore, by jointly preparing emissions by satellite observation using the above
methodology for countries with insufficient inventory data, highly transparent emission reports
can be realized in the BUR. Participating countries will be able to conduct the demonstration
project jointly with the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. Those countries can also request
the targeted observation of GOSAT and GOSAT-2 to the desired area and city.

2323

3. Abstracts

3.4 Session III
Requirements of NIRs for BTRs under the ETF of the Paris Agreement andSupport available from the GHG Support Unit of the UNFCCC Secretariat
Dominique Revet
UNFCCC Secretariat

Abstract
With decision 18/CMA.1, Parties adopted common Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines(MPGs) for the transparency framework for action and support applicable to all Parties, which
includes some flexibility for LDCs and SIDS. Although the MPGs are building on, and enhancing,
the transparency arrangements under the Convention, recognizing the special circumstances of
the LDCs and SIDS, and implementing the transparency framework in a facilitative, non-intrusive,
non-punitive manner, respecting national sovereignty and avoiding placing undue burden on
Parties, they represent a major challenge for almost all developing countries who will have toovercome many difficulties in order to implement them as expected.
This is why the GHG Support Unit of the Transparency Division from the UNFCCC Secretariat
has designed, raised and continues to raise funding to implement, since 2018, a project aimed atstrengthening the capacity of developing countries to prepare and manage national GHG
inventories as a basis for effective enhanced transparency framework under the Paris Agreement.
The numerous, as well as innovative, activities undertaken under this project are designed todirectly respond to the needs expressed by developing countries, including through voluntary
requests received for direct assistance, and implemented in close collaboration with relevant
partner institutions to deliver the best possible technical solution in a cost-effective manner.

Access to relevant information
Decision 1/CP.21 (https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10a01.pdf)
Decision 18/CMA.1 (https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CMA2018_03a02E.pdf)
GHG Support Unit (https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/supportfor-developing-countries/ghg-support)

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CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Japan’s Experience in Compiling and Reporting the National GHG Inventory
KOSAKA Naofumi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan

Abstract
Parties to the Paris Agreement shall report national GHG inventories in accordance with themodalities, procedures and guidelines (MPG) starting from 2024 submission (Decision
18/CMP.1). Annex I Parties to the UNFCCC experienced transition of the reporting guidelines onannual greenhouse gas inventories between 2014 and 2015 submissions. This presentation sharesthe experience of the 2015 submission to help inventory compilers plan the transition to the MPG.
The Conference of the Parties revised the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual greenhousegas inventories (Decision 24/CP.19), beginning for use since the 2015 submission.
The main focus of the revision was that Annex I Parties shall use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
instead of the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines, GPG2000, and GPG-LULUCF. The impact on thechange of the IPCC Guidelines can be categorized as three aspects. Firstly, sectors and categories
are reallocated. Secondly, methodologies are newly provided (e.g., harvested wood products).
Thirdly, methodologies and emission factors are updated.
Also, according to the revised reporting guidelines, new gases such as NF3 need to be estimated.
The Global Warming Potentials were changed from the Second Assessment Report of IPCC to the
Fourth Assessment Report. The guidelines also clarify how to report indirect CO2 and N2Oemissions and introduce the use of notation key NE for insignificant emissions/removals.
In Japan, country-specific methodologies were developed at the time of transition to theguidelines. For example, the DNDC-Rice model was introduced for the CH4 emission estimationfrom rice cultivation. (In the past, the EF-based method had been applied.)
As a result, the total emissions increased about 3-4% for all time-series.
The CRF Reporter, produced by the UNFCCC secretariat, was renewed at the time of therevision of the reporting guidelines. The way of transferring data from domestic calculation files
to the CRF Reporter was changed. It was a lot of work, but it wasn’t technically difficult.
The transition of the guidelines leads to a huge change for inventories, so it is important toallocate enough time to discuss methodologies and implement quality control.

References/ Publications
1. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN (April 2014)
2. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN (April 2015)
3. Updated UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories following incorporation of theprovisions of decision 14/CP.11, FCCC/SBSTA/2006/9, https://unfccc.int/documents/4406
4. Revision of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Parties included in
Annex I to the Convention, Decision 24/CP.19, https://unfccc.int/documents/8105

Access to relevant information
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html

25
25

3. Abstracts

Addressing time-series consistency/recalculations within the AFOLU sector of
the U.S. GHG Inventory
John Steller
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, United States

Abstract
Data availability across an inventory time-series is a common challenge in compiling andreporting inventories in the Agriculture and LULUCF sectors consistent with 2006 IPCC
Guidelines. Key data sources such as natural resource surveys are often conducted and published
on a periodic basis resulting in data gaps. Methods to ensure time-series consistency andrecalculate estimates to address gaps or incorporate new data and science are often necessary anduseful when compiling time-series inventories for this sector. Examples from the U.S. Greenhouse
Gas Inventory experience may illustrate how application and use of these methods can addresscommon data circumstances for this sector.

References/ Publications
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 1: General Guidanceand Reporting, Chapter 5: Time Series Consistency.
(https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/1_Volume1/V1_5_Ch5_Timeseries.pdf)
2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting, Chapter 5: Time Series Consistency.
(https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/1_Volume1/19R_V1_Ch05_Timeseries.pdf)

26
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CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

3.5 Poster Session
Preparation of Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Trends in GHG Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), Japan

Abstract
Under Article 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter, Convention) and relevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties, theAnnex I parties including Japan (i.e. developed countries) are required to prepare national
greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and submit them to the Secretariat of the Convention.
Moreover, Article 7 of the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures, which
provides for domestic measures under the Convention, requires the Government of Japan toannually estimate and make public Japan’s GHG emissions and removals.
In accordance with these Articles, the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
develops the GHG inventory in cooperation with private consultant companies under a contract
with the Ministry of the Environment. Before preparing GHG inventories, GIO collects data fromrelevant ministries, agencies and organizations to estimate emissions and removals. Based onthese data together with other data from different publications, GIO then compiles the GHG
inventory.
Japan’s total GHG emissions in FY2019 were 1,212 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2)equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.; the same shall apply hereafter).
This is a decrease of 14.0% (197Mt CO2 eq.) compared to the FY2013 emissions (1,408 Mt
CO2 eq.), mainly because of the decrease in energy consumption (due to improved energy
conservation etc.) and the decrease in CO2 emissions from electricity production due to the wider
use of low-carbon electricity (wider adoption of renewable energy, resumption of nuclear power
plant operations), despite the increase in hydrofluorocarbon emissions.
This is also a decrease of 12.3% (170 Mt CO2 eq.) compared to the FY2005 emissions (1,381
Mt CO2 eq.), mainly due to the reduced energy consumption (owing to improved energy
conservation etc.), despite the increase in hydrofluorocarbon emissions.

Access to relevant information
http://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html

27
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3. Abstracts

Agro-GHG Platform
Shenghui Han, Wen Zhang, Yongqiang Yu, Xunhua Zheng, Siqi Li
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China

Abstract
The Agro-GHG Platform (web site: agro-ghg.lapc.ac.cn) is a comprehensive accounting
platform for quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural enterprise / organization.
The Platform can provide a quantification assessment for the GHG reduction technology or
project implementation and provide technical support for agricultural emission reduction strategy.
Agro-GHG Platform has adopted the most advanced compiling methods of agricultural
greenhouse gas inventory in China, which are including CH4MOD model for paddy methane
emission (IPCC Tier3 recommended), regional nitrogen cycle model IAP-N (farmland part) for
cropland nitrous oxide emission (IPCC Tier2) and soil carbon model Agro-C for farmland soil
carbon change (IPCC Tier3), IPCC Tier2 method for methane emission from enteric, and IPCC
method for methane and nitrous oxide emissions from manure management system.
The Agro-GHG Platform has been tried by 20 planting examples in North China, and 105 pig
enterprises (about 582 thousand pigs) and 94 dairy enterprises (about 155.7 thousand dairies)
covering 11 provinces and cities.

Access to relevant information
http://agro-ghg.lapc.ac.cn/

2828CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Challenges to Greenhouse Gas Inventory training for Thai and Southeast
Asian countries under the COVID-19 Situation
Nareerat Thanakasem, Thawatchai Saengkhamsuk
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization), Thailand

Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic since year 2020 to present Thailand Greenhouse Gas
Management Organization (Public Organization) or TGO decided to implement our Greenhouse
Gas Inventory (GHGI) training course in an online training format to prevent the spread and social
distancing.
Year 2020 TGO/CITC and Japan International Cooperation Agency or JICA designed the online
workshop for Regional Climate Change Online Training on “GHG Inventory Management” forSoutheast Asian countries” We composed for three parts for this online training (1) Online lectureusing recorded lecture videos (2) Live online consultation sessions and (3) Country presentation
session. The training targets are practitioners from government agencies who have working
experience in national GHG inventory management. The training was delivered online between
13-30 July 2020 by using the Microsoft team program, 49 training participants (Cambodia,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand). Most of them were from the UNFCCC
focal point of each country, while participants including experts from private companies,
universities and research institutes. Training participants from 5 countries (Cambodia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines and Singapore) attended online consultation sessions.
Year 2021 at the beginning of the year, the situation in Thailand has improved, TGO cooperated
with Office of Natural resources and environmental policy and planning (ONEP) and GIZ
organized training sessions to the government agencies of Thailand on quality control for activity
data and activity data factor collecting of national GHG inventory for energy sector between 1-2
April 2021, 28 training participants from energy government sector participated in this training
program but when coming to 4th quarter of 2021 right now the COVID-19 situation has worsen
and the number of infected people began to increase. TGO, ONEP and GIZ urgently needed toadjust the training plan in an online format to support the learning needs of relate government
agency who need the knowledge gained from the training to use in collecting data and QA QC for
GHGI. Recently, we have organized online training through Zoom application on workshop for
quality control on activity data and activity data factor collecting of national GHG inventory for
waste sector between 29-30 June 2021, more than 30 training participants from government who
related for waste sector participated in this training program
Even though, The COVID-19 pandemic challenge is on the rise, TGO will continue to provide
capacity building and knowledge on GHGI for all sectors to support Thailand to achieve ourcommitment to the Paris Agreement to combat climate change which poses greater threat than the
COVID-19 pandemic.

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3. Abstracts

Comparison of methane emissions estimated with inverse model using
GOSAT and ground-based observations with national inventories.
Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil Maksyutov, Fenjuan Wang, Tsuneo Matsunaga
Satellite Observation Center, Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
We report a comparison of national methane emission inventories with the flux estimates by aglobal high-resolution inverse model using satellite and surface observations of methane
concentrations. Using the high-resolution inverse model NTFVAR (NIES-TM–FLEXPARTvariational), we optimize CH4 emissions using Greenhouse gas Observing Satellite (GOSAT) andsurface observation data over the period 2011-2017 for the two main source categories ofanthropogenic and natural emissions. As input fluxes to the model, we used the Emission Databasefor Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.3.2) for anthropogenic methane emission, scaled(as in Wang et al, 2019) to match the national emissions reported to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Wetland and soil sink fluxes were simulated using
Vegetation Integrative Simulator of Trace gases (VISIT) model and biomass burning emissions
by the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS). We estimate a mean (2011-2017) global total
anthropogenic and natural methane emissions of 340.9 Tg CH4 yr-1 and 232.5 Tg CH4 yr-1,
respectively which are close to recent Global Carbon Project (GCP) estimates of 357 and 215 Tg
CH4 yr-1, respectively. Large emitting countries such as China, Russia and the United States havemean estimated anthropogenic emission of 45.7±8.6, 31.9±7.8 and 29.8±7.8 Tg CH4 yr-1,
respectively. For Asian countries with annual emission of 5 Tg yr-1 or above, we estimate 11.8±2.5
Tg for Indonesia, 7.4±1.0 Tg for Pakistan, 5.5±0.8 Tg for Iran, 5.2±1.7 Tg for Bangladesh and
5.0±1.0 Tg for Thailand. For emissions from natural sources, we estimate large emissions for
Brazil (39.8±12.4 Tg CH4 yr-1), the United States (25.9±8.3 Tg CH4 yr-1), Russia (13.2±9.3 Tg
CH4 yr-1), India (12.3±6.4 Tg CH4 yr-1), and Canada (12.2±5.1 Tg CH4 yr-1). In both natural andanthropogenic emission categories, our emission estimates for major emitting countries arematching national inventories within the uncertainty range of the inventories and the inverse
model uncertainty (Janardanan et al, 2020). Additionally, we validate our anthropogenic emission
estimates for India (24.2±5.3 Tg yr-1) with aircraft observation data over urban regions over India.
We simulated the vertical profiles of aircraft observations with the unadjusted fluxes (as input tothe inverse model) and with the inverse model corrected fluxes. The simulation with the inverse
model corrected fluxes was in better agreement with the observation than the simulation using
unadjusted fluxes, especially in the boundary layer, confirming improved flux estimates by the
inverse model for India.

References/ Publications
Janardanan, R.; Maksyutov, S.; Tsuruta, A.; Wang, F. et al. Country-Scale Analysis of Methane
Emissions with a High-Resolution Inverse Model Using GOSAT and Surface
Observations. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 375. doi:10.3390/rs12030375
Wang, F.; Maksyutov, S.; Tsuruta, A.; Janardanan, R. et al. Methane Emission Estimates by the
Global High-Resolution Inverse Model Using National Inventories. Remote Sens. 2019, 11,2489. doi:10.3390/rs11212489.

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

4

Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
4.1 Overview of the Mutual Learning

The Mutual Learning is an activity to improve the individual countries’ inventories through thefollowing series of processes: 1) exchanging inventories between two countries, 2) perusing apartner country’s inventory, and 3) exchanging comments on each other’s inventories. The
primary purpose of the Mutual Learning is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of
methods and data for GHG emission/removal estimation between two countries and byexchanging comments on the methods and data. The Mutual Learning is also expected to fosterand strengthen a cooperative relationship among GHG inventory experts. Since the aim of the
Mutual Learning is not criticism or audit, participants can conduct a two-way communication andfollow-up through direct conversation.
The first Mutual Learning was held on the Waste sector between GIO and Korea Environment
Corporation (KECO) in the annual workshop in 2008. The Secretariat of WGIA introduced thisactivity in WGIA8 held in 2010. With the participants’ agreement, the Mutual Learning has been
held in the following WGIAs as a regular session since WGIA9 in 2011. Because of the global
pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this year (2021) and last year’s Mutual
Learning were held online.
Table 4.1.1 History of the Mutual Learning

2008-2010
2010
WGIA8

GeneralEnergyIndonesia–
Mongolia

2011

WGIA9

-

2012

WGIA10-2013

WGIA11-

2014

WGIA12-

2015

WGIA13

Japan–
Viet Nam

2016

WGIA14-2017

WGIA15-2018

WGIA16-2019

WGIA172020

MutualLearning
2020*3

2021

WGIA18

IP*1
Agriculture
LULUCF
Trial implementation Japan–Korea
Introduction to ML (with hands-on training)--

Cambodia–
Thailand
Laos–
ThailandIndonesia–
MyanmarIndonesia–
Japan

-

Myanmar–
Malaysia

China–
Singapore

Brunei–
Korea
Mongolia–
Viet Nam
India–
Viet Nam
Thailand–Japan

Indonesia–
Viet Nam
China–
MyanmarChina–
Mongolia
Indonesia–
Laos

Indonesia–
Japan
Thailand–
Japan

-

-

Japan–
Laos
-

Waste

Indonesia–
Cambodia–
Korea
China–
Korea
Malaysia–
Viet Nam

Viet Nam*2-

Cambodia–
Mongolia
Indonesia–
Laos
Laos–
Myanmar

Korea–
MyanmarMongolia–
ThailandChina–
Philippines
Japan–
Laos

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cambodia–
Philippines--

Cambodia–
Myanmar-China–Japan

Mongolia–
Singapore-

Brunei–Mongolia--

Bhutan–Indonesia

China–
Indonesia*1Industrial Processes*2Reporting from Viet Nam with comments from experts*3The physical meeting of WGIA was cancelled to prevent risks of the COVID-19 in 2020 but the Mutual Learning sessions were conducted online instead.

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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Participants
In January 2021, the WGIA Secretariat advertised the Mutual Learning to the participants of
WGIA and received applications from 10 groups from seven parties. Considering the participants’potential interest and knowledge, an appropriate balance among sectors, and the feasibility of
implementation, the WGIA Secretariat set up four pairs (Thailand and Japan on the General sector,
Brunei and Mongolia on the Energy sector, Bhutan and Indonesia on the LULUCF sector, andChina and Indonesia on the Waste sector).
Preparation
A few months before WGIA18, the chosen participants for the Mutual Learning submitted thematerials of their inventories to the WGIA Secretariat, including worksheets used for estimating
emissions and reports describing details of methodologies, and exchanged the materials with theirpartner countries through the Secretariat. Through studying the materials provided by the partnercountry, the participants found good points, such as advanced methodologies and wellinstitutionalized inventory management systems, as well as unclear points and issues to be
improved in the partner’s inventory. Thus, participants wrote such findings as comments andquestions to their partner countries onto “Question and Answer Sheets”. After that, the “Question
and Answer Sheets” were exchanged with the partner countries through the Secretariat. The
partner countries responded to these comments and questions before WGIA18 took place.
Table 4.1.2 Preparation Process of the Mutual Learning
Process
Schedule
Material submission
Late April to the middle of June 2021
Material exchange
End of April to the middle of June 2021
Studying the materials
May, June 2021
Comment exchange
June 2021
Answers to comments
Middle of June to early July 2021
Sessions
8th and 9th July 2021
Sector
GeneralEnergy
LULUCF
Waste*National Inventory Report

Table 4.1.3 Submitted Materials for the Mutual Learning
Country
Inventory
BUR3 in 2020
ThailandJapan
NIR* in 2021
Brunei
NC2 in 2017
Mongolia
BUR1 in 2017, NIR in 2017
BhutanNC3 in 2020
Indonesia
NC3 in 2017, BUR2 in 2018
China
NC3 in 2019, BUR in 2019
Indonesia
BUR2 in 2018

Discussions
In the WGIA18, four Mutual Learning sessions were organized and implemented on July 8th(Energy and Waste) and 9th (General and LULUCF) to discuss sector-specific issues based on
preliminary comment exchanges. To encourage a frank discussion and to ensure confidentiality,
these sessions were held as closed-door discussions.
In these sessions, participants discussed their counterpart's inventory and national system,

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CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

sharing their own technical issues (e.g., data collection, adoption of emission factors, national
system, etc.) with the partner country to overcome the obstacles, and clarifying matters in theirown inventory which should be improved. Through the discussions, they recognized that theinventories of the participant countries have been continuously improved by adopting themethodologies of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Closely studying the improvement of not only themethodology of the counterpart countries’ inventories but also their national systems for datacollection and QA/QC, participants found hints for improvements of their own inventories. To
increase opportunities to learn from other countries’ inventories, participants expressed their hopefor the continuous implementation of the Mutual Learning programme in future WGIAs.
The points of discussions and outcomes of each individual Mutual Learning session aresummarized in the following sections (4.2–4.5).

4.2 Cross-Cutting Issues
Sector Overview
Thailand and Japan participated in the Mutual Learning session on cross-cutting issues. The
general information for the two countries is shown in Table 4.2.1 below.
Table 4.2.1 Sector Overview for the Mutual Learning on Cross-Cutting Issues
ThailandJapan
National total GHG
263,223
1,161,417
emissions (kt CO2 eq., with (3 gases in 2016, BUR3)(7 gases and indirect CO2, in
LULUCF)
2019, CRF2021)
Responsible agency for the
Office of Natural Resources Ministry of the Environment
inventory
and Environmental Policy(MOEJ)and Planning (ONEP)
Methodological basis
2006 IPCC Guidelines
2006 IPCC Guidelines
Materials Used
The partner countries exchanged their documents relevant to cross-cutting issues through theSecretariat approximately four weeks before the session. The documents exchanged were as
follows:
Thailand- Thailand Third Biennial Update Report, 2020
Japan- National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN, 2021
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials listed above, the countries studied them and submitted questions
and comments to the partner country one week before the session. The classification and thenumber of questions are as follows.

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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Table 4.2.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the Mutual Learning
on Cross-Cutting Issues
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Japan to Thailand from Thailand to Japan
National system22
Inventory compilation processes
10Data collection procedure
2
0
QA/QC
1
1
Others1
3
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the Mutual Learning session, several issues and good practices in the participating
countries’ preparation of GHG inventories were identified.
➢Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following was identified as an issue:1) The annual inventory cycle may be affected if methodology/GWP change is required, due
to upgrades needed for the TGEIS. (Thailand)➢Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:
Thailand
1) QC is implemented from the initial stage to the final stage: 1) data collecting, data
screening, and data transferring to TGEIS (which has QC functions for activity data andemission factors), 2) calculation of emissions/removals, 3) compilation ofemissions/removals, 4) reviews of the methodology of the GHG emission estimation by
the Working Groups on GHG Inventory.
2) There is an annual inventory compilation process in place (including the gathering ofactivity data, input to TGEIS, submission to the Working Groups on GHG Inventory) since2017 with roles/responsibilities in the national system clearly defined.
3) Thailand’s first Climate Change Act is now being drafted for approval by the cabinet.
4) Activity data collection templates that include QC functions are implemented for some
sectors and are being developed for the remaining sectors.
5) The historical inventories are archived as a snapshot of each submission in an external
server outside of TGEIS and are accessible at any time.
Japan1) Japan has in place QC activities by relevant ministries and agencies, where they check
whether their data are correctly applied to estimation files and NIR prepared by GIO.

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CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Table 4.2.3 Participants in the Mutual Learning on Cross-Cutting Issues
PartiesName
Organization
Ms. Tippawan Photiwut
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental
Thailand Ms. Chanitsa Warachit
Policy and Planning (ONEP)
Mr. Suphat Phengphan
Ms. Hatanaka Elsa
(Facilitator)
Ms. Hirata Eriko(Facilitator)
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Dr. Oda Takefumi(Secretariat)
Japan
Mr. Kosaka Naofumi(Secretariat)
Dr. Hayashi Toru
(Workshop organizer)
Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ)
Mr. Yamazaki Tomoya(Workshop organizer)

4.3 Energy Sector
Sector Overview
Brunei and Mongolia participated in the Mutual Learning session on the Energy sector. The
general information for the two countries is shown in Table 4.3.1 below.
Table 4.3.1 Sector Overview for the Mutual Learning on the Energy Sector
BruneiMongolia
National total GHG
8,352
10,031emissions (kt CO2 eq.,(in 2014, NC2)
(in 2014, NIR)
with LULUCF)
11,192
17,268GHG emissions of theEnergy sector (kt CO2(in 2014, NC2)
(in 2014, NIR)eq.)
Brunei Climate Change
Climate Change Research andResponsible agency for
Secretariat
Cooperation Center (CCRCC)
the inventory
Estimation methodology 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier 1&2 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier 1&2
Source of emission
IPCC default values and
IPCC default values andfactors
country-specific values
country-specific values
Source of activity data
National statistics
National statistics
Materials Used
To prepare for the Mutual Learning session, the partner countries exchanged their materials
relevant to the Energy sector through the Secretariat approximately a month before the workshop.
The materials exchanged were as follows:
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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Brunei- Brunei Darussalam’s GHG inventory for 2010–2020 Excel sheets (summary from the IPCC
inventory software)- Brunei Darussalam’s Second National Communication
Mongolia- Mongolia’s Initial Biennial Update Report, Mongolia’s National Inventory Report – 2017
- Mongolia CRF 1990–2014
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials listed above, the countries studied them and submitted questions
and comments to the partner country approximately two weeks before the session. The
classification and the number of questions are as follows.
Table 4.3.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the Mutual Learningon the Energy Sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Brunei tofrom Mongolia to
Mongolia
BruneiAcquisition of activity data01
Adoption of emission factors or parameters
1
1
Estimation methods
12Institutional arrangement
00
Others1
1
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the Mutual Learning session, several issues and good practices in the participating
countries’ preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and the partner countries’ experience was shared toseek options and solutions.
1) It’s necessary to establish institutional arrangements to collect activity data on a regularbasis. (Both countries)2) Completeness (fugitive (Brunei), venting and flaring (Mongolia))
3) Reliable Energy Balance Tables (EBT) are not available before 2010. (Brunei)
4) Reliable activity data of international aviation are not available. It’s necessary to consider
if it’s appropriate to extrapolate current data over a decade. (Mongolia)
5) The difference between the reference approach (RA) and sectoral approach (SA) is larger
than 5%. (Both countries)➢Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:
Brunei1) The 2006 IPCC Guidelines are applied.
2) Time-series data are available from 2010.
3) A country-specific emission factor is used for sub-bituminous coal.
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CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

4) Fuel consumption of domestic transport is separated from international bunker fuels.
5) Domestic aviation is newly estimated.
6) Mandatory monthly and yearly reporting for all facilities that emit GHGs will be launchedfrom 2022.
Mongolia
1) The 2006 IPCC Guidelines are applied.
2) NIR is prepared.
3) CRF is prepared.
4) Time-series data are available from 1990.
5) A country-specific emission factor was used for coal and is going to be updated.
6) The Article/Regulation for inventory preparation was issued in 2020.
7) EBT is going to be developed for the whole time series.
8) Since the previous participation of the Mutual Learning (2017), the following issues havebeen identified as high priority: collecting data on civil aviation, reducing the difference
between RA and SA, estimating fugitive emissions from other than oil production,
establishing EBT for whole time-series, disaggregating the fuel consumption of
manufacturing industries.
➢Follow-up Activities
None.
➢Suggestions for Future Mutual Learning/WGIAs
Online meeting works well, although the internet connection is sometimes unstable.

Country
BruneiMongolia

Facilitators

Table 4.3.3 Participants in the Mutual Learning on the Energy Sector
Name
Organization
Ms. Atikah Ismail
Ms. Nabilah Pungut
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat
Ms. Amal Ezzati Yussof
Ms. Tegshjargal Bumtsend
Climate Change Research and Cooperation
Ms. Davsambuu Ulzii-Orshikh
Center (CCRCC)
Ms. Gerelmaa Shaariibuu
Mr. Kosaka Naofumi(Facilitator)
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Mr. Ito Hiroshi (Facilitator)
Ms. Hirata Eriko (Secretariat)
Dr. Hayashi Toru (Workshop
organizer)
Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ)
Mr. Miyata Kazuaki (Workshop
organizer)

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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions

4.5 LULUCF Sector
Sector Overview
Bhutan and Indonesia participated in the Mutual Learning session on the LULUCF sector. The
general information for the two countries is shown in the Table below.
Table 4.5.1 Sector Overview for the Mutual Learning on the LULUCF Sector
BhutanIndonesia
National total GHG emissions -5,573
1,457,774(kt CO2 eq., with LULUCF)(in 2015, NC3)
(in 2016, BUR2)
GHG emissions in the-7,756752,138
LULUCF sector (kt CO2 eq.)(in 2015, NC3)
(in 2016, BUR2)
Responsible agency for the
National Environment
Ministry of Environment
inventory
Commission Secretariat
and Forestry (MoEF)(NECS)
Estimation methodology
2006 IPCC Guidelines and 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier
GPG, Tier 1/Tier 2
1/Tier 2
Source of emission factors
IPCC default values and
IPCC default values andcountry-specific values
country-specific values
Source of activity data
National statistics andNational statistics (major
surveyssources), international
statistics and official report
Materials Used
To prepare for the Mutual Learning session in WGIA18, both countries exchanged their
documents relevant to the LULUCF sector through the Secretariat starting approximately twomonths before the workshop. The documents exchanged were as follows:
Bhutan- Third National Communication to the UNFCCC (NC3) (Final Draft Report)- Bhutan’s Proposed National Forest Reference Emission Level and National Forest Reference
Level Submission for technical assessment to UNFCCC- Excel files with estimation worksheets for the LULUCF sector
Indonesia- Indonesia’s Third National Communication (NC3), 2017
- Indonesia’s Second Biennial Update Report (BUR2), 2018
- 1st Forest Reference Emission Level- Summary of “Guidance to the Implementation and Reporting of National Greenhouse Gases
Inventories”, Director General of Climate Change Regulation No. 73/2017- Summary of “Guidance of QA/QC of Greenhouse Gas Inventories”, Director General of Climate
Change Regulation No. 10/2018
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials listed above, the countries studied them and submitted questions
and comments to the partner country approximately a month before the workshop. The
classification and the number of questions are as follows.
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CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Table 4.5.2 Classification of Questions and Commentsin the Mutual Learning on the LULUCF Sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Indonesia to from Bhutan to
BhutanIndonesia
National system
52Inventory compilation processes
65
Data collection procedure
3
5
QA/QC
3
0
Others50Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the Mutual Learning session, several issues and good practices in the participating
countries’ preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and the partner countries’ experience was shared toseek options and solutions.
1)
2)
3)
4)

Collecting data and information is still a challenge when compiling the GHG inventory.
Some categories and gases are not estimated.
Notation keys are not fully applied.
Misunderstanding of the counting of the cumulative area of land converted categories
leads to crucial mistakes in estimation.
5) There is a lack of a national system and commitment from stakeholders for preparing thenational GHG Inventory.
6) Limited technical capacity and lack of finance restrict the improvement of the AFOLU
sector.
➢Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:
Bhutan1) The 2006 IPCC Guidelines are applied.
2) In accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, both the level and trend assessments are
performed for the key category analysis.
3) Uncertainty analysis is conducted qualitatively.
4) A higher tier and country-specific emissions factors are applied in selected categories(i.e., forestland and forestland converted to other land use (deforestation)).
5) The same methodologies and data for forestland and deforestation are consistently used
between the national GHG inventory report and forest reference emission level (FREL)& forest reference level (FRL) report.
6) Domestic land-use categories are allocated into six land-use categories in accordancewith the IPCC classification.
7) Remeasurement for the National Forest Inventory (NFI) has just started.

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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Indonesia
1) The 2006 IPCC Guidelines are applied.
2) IPCC (2014) Wetlands Supplement is applied.
3) Key category and uncertainty analysis are conducted quantitatively.
4) Time series estimations are applied and recalculation for time series is being conducted
for the next submission.
5) There is a plan for improving emission factors for peatland and wetland.
6) Methodologies are consistently used between NC3 and BUR2.
7) Uncertainty analysis for land-use change is progressing.
8) Estimation of carbon stock change in mangrove forests is conducted as a part of forestland.
9) Actual areas of peat burning are determined monthly from the delineation of the burn scararea.
➢ Follow-up Activities
The following was identified as a follow-up activity:
1) Sharing the outcomes of the analysis for soil carbon pools discussed during the Mutual
Learning meeting.
➢ Suggestions for Future Mutual Learnings
The participants suggested the following for future Mutual Learning:
1) More general issues, such as application of the 2019 Refinement, data archiving, anduncertainty analysis.
Table 4.5.3 Participants in the Mutual Learning on the LULUCF Sector
PartiesName
Organization
National Environment Commission
Mr. Rinzin Namgay
Secretariat (NECS)
BhutanMr. Dorji Wangdi
Department of Agriculture and Forest
Dr. Irawan Asaad
MSc. Budi Harto
Dr. Wawan Gunawan
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Indonesia(MoEF)
MSc. Endah Riana Oktavia

Facilitators
andResource
personsMSc. Heri PurnomoMSc. Anna Tosiani
Dr. Yanagawa Midori (Facilitator)
Ms. Hayashi Atsuko (Facilitator)
Mr. Ito Hiroshi (Secretariat)
Mr. Yoshinaga Hiromi (Secretariat)
Dr. Sato Atsushi (Resource person)
Mr. Gonda Yu (Workshop organizer)
Mr. Miyata Kazuaki (Workshop
organizer)

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GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting Co., Ltd.
Ministry of the Environment, Japan(MOEJ)CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

4.6 Waste Sector
Sector Overview
China and Indonesia participated in the Mutual Learning session on the Waste sector. The
general information for the two countries is shown in Table 4.5.1 below.
Table 4.6.1 Sector Overview for the Mutual Learning on the Waste Sector
China
Indonesia
National total GHG 11,185,410
1,457,774
emissions (kt CO2(6 gases, in 2014, NC3/ BUR2)(3 gases, in 2016, BUR2)
eq., with
LULUCF)GHG emissions of 194,768
112,351
the Waste sector (kt (in 2014, NC3/ BUR2)(in 2016, BUR2)
CO2 eq.)Responsible
Ministry of Ecology and
Ministry of Environment andagency for theEnvironment of the People’s
Forestry (MoEF)
inventory
Republic of China
Estimation
1996 IPCC Guidelines/ GPG,
2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier 1/ Tier 2
methodology
Tier1/ Tier 2 and 2006 IPCC
Guidelines, Tier 1
Source of emission Country-specific emission factors Country-specific emission factors
factorsand IPCC default values
and IPCC default values
Source of activity
National statistics (Yearbook of
National statistics (ADIPURA) anddata
Urban Developments, Annual
Data from the Ministry of Industry
Report on Urban Environmentaland (pulp and paper) association
Statistics, China Statistics
Yearbook) and other sources
Materials Used
To prepare for the Mutual Learning session in WGIA18, the partner countries exchanged their
documents relevant to the GHG emission estimation of the Waste sector through the Secretariat
more than two months before the session. The documents exchanged were as follows:
China- The People’s Republic of China Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change, 2018
- The People’s Republic of China Third National Communication on Climate Change, 2018
- “Summary of GHG Inventory Compilation (the Waste Sector)” [A revised version was also
provided during the Mutual Learning session.]- “Emissions Summary for China”, GHG Profiles for Annex I Parties and Non-Annex I Parties UNFCCC, 2021
- “The People’s Republic of China First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change”, 6thworkshop of the facilitative sharing of views during the 49th Subsidiary Body for Implementation(SBI49), 2018
- “Research on the Methane Estimation and Its Emission Factor from Landfill in China”, poster
and abstract of WGIA15, 2017
- “Technical analysis of the second biennial update report of China submitted on 25 June 2019”,
FCCC/SBI/ICA/2019/TASR.2/CHN, 2020
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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Indonesia- Indonesia Second Biennial Update Report, 2018
- First Nationally Determined Contribution, Republic of Indonesia, 2016
- Resume of GHGI MRV Regulation- Report of Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Measurement, Reporting and Verification, 2019
(in Indonesian)- “Online platforms related to GHG Inventory & National Registry System in Indonesia”[provided during the Mutual Learning session]
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials listed above, the countries studied them and submitted questions
and comments to the partner country a month before the session. The classification and the numberof questions are as follows.
Table 4.6.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the Mutual Learningon the Waste Sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Indonesia to China from China to Indonesia
Acquisition of activity data
42
Adoption/development of emission
1
1
factors/parameters
Estimation methods
15Institutional arrangement
10Note: For the topics including both aspects of activity data and emission factors, 0.5 as the number ofquestions/comments was allocated to each classification: “Acquisition of activity data” and “Adoption/development of emission factors/parameters”.

Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the Mutual Learning session, several issues and good practices in the participating
countries’ preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
➢ Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and the partner countries’ experience was shared toseek options and solutions:1) The 2006 IPCC guidelines will be fully applied to the Waste sector GHG inventory fromthe next inventory. (China)
2) The possibility of using proxy data should be explored for historical activity data
estimation for medical/hazardous waste incineration. (Indonesia)3) Improvement of estimation methods is ongoing to reflect emission reduction by mitigation
action (power generation etc.). (Both countries)4) It is difficult to acquire sludge data. (Both countries)5) The waste incineration data included in the Energy sector need to be identified. (China)
6) The subnational-level data need to be further improved especially for the SWDS category,
but also for general MSW. (Indonesia)

4242CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES➢ Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:China1) Historical data since 1956 for the category SWDS are precisely estimated by specifying
the parameters for each of the five periods, based on survey data, literature, and expert
judgement.
2) Statistical data, which meet the requirement of compiling GHG inventory, are available
from 2000 onward from “China Urban Construction Statistics Yearbook”.
3) Appropriate parameters based on investigation are adopted in GHG estimations for solid
waste: country-specific k values, varying MCFs throughout the time series, and regional
DOCs.
4) The waste incineration for power generation is facilitated by the introduction of “A
Catalogue of Value-Added Tax (VAT) Concessions for the Comprehensive Utilization of
Products and Services” (Cai Shui [2015] No. 78).
Indonesia
1) NIR which describes the detailed methodology of GHG estimation is already prepared.
2) Investigated parameters of MSW composition and their dry matter content for each waste
type by region are adopted in GHG estimation.
3) Data related to industrial solid waste is collected through the cooperation of the Ministryof Industry and the Pulp and Paper Association.
4) A wide range of improvements is planned in estimation methodology and data acquisition.
5) Sector-specific key category analysis was carried out for the BUR2.
6) Bottom-up data collecting systems are developed concerning MSW (SIPSN), hazardous
wastes (SIRAJA), national statistics (SIRuSa), and GHG emission estimates (SIGN
SMART), as well as National Registry System (NRS).
7) Local emission factors are utilized for GHG estimation of composting of MSW.
➢ Follow-up Activities
The following was identified as a possible follow-up activity:
1) The experience of inventory improvements, which are currently planned, could be sharedin future WGIAs/Mutual Learning.
➢ Suggestions for Future Mutual Learnings
The participants’ suggestions for future Mutual Learning were as follows:
1) Share experience on establishing statistical data for the GHG inventory.
2) Further share experience on developing country-specific parameter values for solid waste
disposal and wastewater treatment.
3) Filling the data gaps in the Waste sector, especially the category of waste incineration.
4) Need to further discuss the uncertainty assessment of the Waste sector.

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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Table 4.6.3 Participants in the Mutual Learning on the Waste Sector
CountryName
Organization
Dr. Gao Qingxian
Chinese Research Academy of
Dr. Ma Zhanyun
China
Environmental Sciences
Mr. Li Yingxin
Mr. Harry Wibowo
Ms. Ratnasari Wargahadibrata
Directorate of Green House Gas
Mr. Allan Rosehan Yamani
Inventory and Monitoring Reporting
Ms. Rully Dhora Carolyn Sirait
and Verification, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forestry
Mr. Prasetyadi Utomo
Indonesia
Dr. Syaiful Anwar
Dr. Febrian Hadinata
Sriwijaya University
Ms. Vir Katrin
Directorate of Waste Management,
Mr. Eddy Nur Akmal
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Dr. Oda Takefumi (Facilitator)
GHG Inventory Office of Japan
Dr. Taki Wakana (Facilitator)(GIO)
Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (Secretariat)
Mr. Ueda Hiroyuki (Resource person)
Facilitators
and Resource Mr. Kawanishi Satoshi (Resource person) Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting Co., Ltd.
persons
Mr. Oyama Seiya (Resource person)
Mr. Gonda Yu (Workshop organizer)
Mr. Yamazaki Tomoya (Workshop
Ministry of the Environment (MOEJ)
organizer)

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Annex I: Agenda

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Annex I: Agenda
Period: 8th July – 14th July 2021
Venue: Online
JST: Japan Standard Time
ICT: Indochina TimeDay 1: Thursday, 8th July 2021
Connection test

PM 2:00-2:30 JST(PM 12:00-12:30 Indonesia)(PM 1:00-1:30 Brunei, China, Mongolia)
PM 2:30-6:00 JST
Mutual Learning(PM 12:30-4:00 Indonesia)(PM 1:30-5:00 Brunei, China, Mongolia)
SectorEnergyCombination of Participating Countries Brunei – Mongolia

Waste
China – Indonesia

Note: These sessions are closed in order to secure the confidentiality of information,
therefore only participating countries in each session, facilitators, resource persons, and
the WGIA Secretariat are allowed to connect.
Day 2: Friday, 9th July
PM 2:30-3:00 JST
Connection test
(AM 11:30-PM 12:00 Bhutan)(PM 12:30-1:00 Indonesia, Thailand)
PM 3:00-6:30 JST
Mutual Learning(PM 12:00-3:30 Bhutan)(PM 1:00-4:30 Indonesia, Thailand)
Sector
LULUCF
GeneralCombination of Participating Countries Bhutan – Indonesia
Thailand – Japan
Note: These sessions are closed in order to secure the confidentiality of information,
therefore only participating countries in each session, facilitators, resource persons, and
the WGIA Secretariat are allowed to connect.

4545Annex I

PM 2:30-3:00 JST(PM 12:30-1:00 ICT)PM 3:00-3:40 JST(PM 1:00-1:40 ICT)
3:00 – 3:05

Day 3: Monday, 12th July
Connection test
Opening Session
Welcome Address

Mr. Sakaguchi
Yoshiteru, Director of
Decarbonized Society
Promotion Office(MOEJ)
Mr. Ito Hiroshi (GIO)

3:05 – 3:20

Introduction to the WGIA18

3:20 – 3:30

Japan’s Current Progress in Global
Warming Countermeasures

3:30 – 3:35

Questions and Answers

3:35 – 3:40
PM 3:40-6:00 JST(PM 1:40-4:00 ICT)Group Photo
Session I: Updates on the GHG Inventory of National
Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs)
from non-Annex I Parties
Chair: Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon
Rapporteur:(AB/ King Mongkut’s University of(GIO)
Technology Thonburi)
Cambodia’s first Biennial Update Report
Mr. Sokhim Pich
(fBUR)(Cambodia)

3:40 – 3:55
3:55 – 4:10

Lao National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

4:10 – 4:30

Questions and Answers

4:30 – 4:45
4:45 – 5:00

Break
Brief Introduction on The People’s
Republic of China Second Biennial Update
Report on Climate Change (BUR2)
Malaysia’s Third Biennial Update Reportto the UNFCCC

5:00 – 5:15
5:15 – 5:30
5:30 – 6:00

National GHG Inventory Under Vietnam’s
BUR3
Questions and Answers

46
46

Dr. Hayashi Toru,
Decarbonized Society
Promotion Office(MOEJ)
All

Mr. BounEua
Khamphilavanh (Laos)All
Dr. Gao Qingxian(China)Ms. Dayang Ratnasari
Binti Abu Bakar(Malaysia)
Ms. Nguyen Van Anh(Vietnam)All

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Day 4: Tuesday, 13th July
PM 2:30-3:00 JST(PM 12:30-1:00 ICT)PM 3:00-6:00 JST(PM 1:00-4:00 ICT)

3:00 – 3:15
3:15 – 3:30
3:30 – 3:45
3:45 – 4:15
4:15 – 4:30
4:30 – 5:00
5:00 – 5:15
5:15 – 5:30
5:30 – 6:00
PM 2:30-3:00 JST(PM 12:30-1:00 ICT)
PM3:00-4:30 JST(PM 1:00-2:30 ICT)

3:00 – 3:25 JST(AM 8:00 – 8:25
CEST Bonn)
3:25 – 3:35
3:35 – 3:55
3:55 – 4:15 JST(AM 2:55 – 3:15 EDT
Washington D.C.)

Connection test
Session II: Transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Resources That Will Facilitate
Compilation
Chair: Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB/ Bogor
Rapporteur:
Agricultural University)(GIO)
Transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for Mr. Sivach
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories in
Kaewcharoen
Thailand(Thailand)
Transition to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for Ms. Winnie Chia
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(Singapore)
Philippines: Experience Transitioning to
Ms. Sandee G. Recabar
2006 IPCC GL(Philippines)
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Break
Dr. Baasansuren
IPCC Inventory Software
Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use Jamsranjav (AB/ IPCC
TFI)(AFOLU) sector
FAOSTAT Emissions data: Agriculture and Mr. Francesco N.
Forest Land, 1990–2019
Tubiello (FAO)
Estimation of GHG Emission/Absorption
Prof. Watanabe
Using Satellite Data in Mongolia
Masataka (Chuo
University)
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Day 5: Wednesday, 14th July
Connection test
Session III: National GHG Inventory for the Transparency
Framework Under the Paris Agreement
Chair:
Rapporteur:Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (AB/ IPCC (GIO)
TFI)
Requirements for National Inventory
Mr. Dominique Revet
Reports as Part of the Biennial(UNFCCC)
Transparency Report Under the Enhanced
Transparency Framework of Paris
Agreement
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Japan’s Experience in Compiling and
Mr. Kosaka Naofumi
Reporting the National GHG Inventory(GIO)
Addressing Time-series
Mr. John Steller
Consistency/Recalculations within the(USEPA)AFOLU Sector of the U.S. GHG Inventory
47
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Annex I
4:15 – 4:30
PM 4:30-5:00 JST(PM 2:30-3:00 ICT)Questions and Answers, Discussion
Closing Session

4:30 – 4:45
4:45 – 5:00

Summary and Closing remarks
GIO
Break
Day 5: Wednesday, 14th July
Joint Meeting of the WGIA Organizing Committee and Advisory
Board (members of the OC and AB, and the WGIA secretariat
are requested to attend)
Chair: Mr. Ito Hiroshi (GIO)
Review of Activities in WGIA18
OC/AB members
Discussion on Topics for WGIA19
OC/AB members

PM 5:00-6:00 JST(PM 3:00-4:00 ICT)
5:00 – 5:30
5:30 – 6:00

Abbreviations:
AB: WGIA Advisory Board
AFOLU: Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
BUR: Biennial Update Report
CEST: Central European Summer Time
EDT: Eastern Daylight Time
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GHG: Greenhouse Gas
GIO: Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, NIESGOSAT: Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
ICT: Indochina Time
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC TFI: IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
JST: Japan Standard Time
LULUCF: Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
MOEJ: Ministry of the Environment, Japan
NC: National Communication
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
OC: WGIA Organizing Committee
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USEPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency

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All

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Poster Sessions
No.
P-1
P-2

Topic Title
7
Preparation of Japan’s National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Trends in
GHG Emissions
Agro-GHG Platform

P-3

Challenges of Greenhouse Gas Inventory
training for Thailand and Southeast
Asian Countries under the COVID-19
Situation

P-4

Comparison of Methane Emissions
Estimated with Inverse Model Using
GOSAT and Ground-based Observations
with National Inventories

Topics:1. Emission factor development (Sector)
2. Remote-sensing and GIS
3. Data collection and statistics
4. International support programme
5. International framework
6. Low carbon society and mitigation measures
7. Others49
49

Name, Organization
GIO, NIES
Shenghui Han, Wen Zhang,
Yongqiang Yu
Institute of AtmosphericPhysics, Chinese Academy of
Science, China
Nareerat Thanakasem,
Thawatchai Saengkhamsuk
Thailand Greenhouse Gas
Management Organization(Public Organization), Thailand
Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil
Maksyutov, Fenjuan Wang,
Tsuneo Matsunaga
Satellite Observation Center,
Earth System Division, NIES

Annex II: List of Participants

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Annex II: List of Participants

Dr. HAN Shenghui
Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences

BY PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES(Alphabetical order by FAMILY NAME)

Mr. LI Yingxin
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences

BHUTANMr. Rinzin NAMGAYIT Division, National Environment
Commission Secretariat

Ms. MA Cuimei
Statistics and Assessment Department,
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation

Mr. Dorji WANGDI
Department of Forests and Park Services,
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests

Dr. MA Zhanyun
Centre for Climate Change, Chinese Research
Academy of Environmental Science

BRUNEI
Ms. Atikah ISMAIL
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Ministry of Development

Dr. YU Yongqiang
Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ms. Nabilah PUNGUT
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Ministry of Development

INDIA
Dr. Pranab DAS
Automotive Fuels and Lubricants Application
Division,
CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum

Ms. Amal Ezzati YUSSOF
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Ministry of Development

Mr. Karthik MANIKAVASAGAM
Environmental Impact & Sustainability
Division, CSIR-NEERICAMBODIA
Mr. HENG Sovannchandara
Department of Climate Change, National
Council for Sustainable Development,
Ministry of Environment

Mr. Raman MEHTA
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change, Government of India

Mr. PICH Sokhim
Department of Climate Change, National
Council for Sustainable Development,
Ministry of Environment

Dr. Sunil Kumar PATHAK
Indian Institute of Petroleum
Mr. Ajay RAGHAVA
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change, Government of India

CHINA
Dr. GAO Qingxian
Atmospheric Environmental Institute,
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences

Dr. Pinaki SARKAR
Combustion, CSIR-NEERI

51
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Annex II
INDONESIA
MSc. Budiharto
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. Rully Dhora Carolyn SIRAIT
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. Eddy Nur Akmal
Directorate of Solid Waste Management,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

MSc. Anna TOSIANI
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Mr. Kurnia UTAMA
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. Endah Riana Oktavia
GHG Inventory of Land Base Sector,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Ms. Vir Katrin
Directorate of Solid Waste Management,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. Prasetyadi UTOMO
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring Reporting and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Dr. Syaiful ANWAR
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. Ratnasari WARGAHADIBRATA
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. Irawan ASAAD
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. Harry WIBOWO
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring Reporting and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. Rusi ASMANI
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. Allan Rosehan YAMANI
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Prof. Rizaldi BOER
Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management, Bogor Agricultural Univ.

JAPAN
Ms. FUKUDA Maya
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. Wawan GUNAWAN
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Dr. Febrian HADINATA
Civil Engineering and Planning Department,
Sriwijaya University

Mr. GONDA Yu
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Ms. Akma Yeni MASRI
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. HATANAKA Elsa
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Mr. Heri PURNOMO
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
52
52

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Dr. Shamil MAKSYUTOV
Satellite Observation Center,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Mr. MATSUSHIMA Akihiro
Office of Global Environment and
Decarbonizing Innovation Research, Global
Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Dr. HAYASHI Toru
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Mr. MIYATA Kazuaki
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Ms. HIRATA Eriko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Mr. MORIMOTO Takashi
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. IGARASHI Keiichi
Policy Research and Consulting Division,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.

Dr. OBA Akihiro
Research and Development Initiative,
Chuo University

Ms. IKEDA Naoko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Dr. ODA Takefumi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Mr. ITO Hiroshi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Mr. OYAMA Seiya
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. KAWANISHI Satoshi
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.

Mr. SAKAGUCHI Yoshiteru
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Mr. KAWASHIMA Kazumasa
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.

Dr. SATO Atsushi
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.
Dr. TAKI Wakana
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Mr. KOSAKA Naofumi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies
53
53

Annex II
Ms. Nur Hazirah CHE ITHNIN
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water

Mr. TANAKA Masashi
Office of Global Environment and
Decarbonizing Innovation Research, Global
Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Dr. Elizabeth M P. PHILIP
REDD Plus Unit,
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources

Dr. TANIMOTO Hiroshi
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. UEDA Hiroyuki
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

MONGOLIA
Ms. Tegshjargal BUMTSEND
Climate Change Research and Cooperation
CentreDr. WATANABE Masataka
Research and Development Initiative,
Chuo University

Ms. Gerelmaa SHAARIIBUUClimate Change Research and Cooperation
CentreMr. YAMAZAKI Tomoya
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Ms. Davaasambuu ULZII-ORSHIKH
Climate Change Research and Cooperation
CentreDr. YANAGAWA Midori
GHG Inventory Office of Japan, Center for
Global Environmental Research, Earth
System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

MYANMARMs. Thi Thi SOE MIN
Environmental Conservation Department,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Mr. YOSHINAGA Hiromi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division, National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Dr. San WIN
Climate Change Division, Environmental
Conservation Department,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

LAOS
Mr. BounEua KHAMPHILAVANH
Department of Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

PHILIPPINES
Ms. Aimee EVANGELISTA
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission
Ms. Mary Martha MERILO
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission

MALAYSIA
Ms. Dayang Ratnasari ABU BAKAR
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water

Mr. Richard Victor PALMA
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission
54
54

CGER-I157-2021, CGER/ESD/NIES
CGER-I157-2021,
CGER/ESD/NIES

Ms. Tippawan PHOTIWUT
Climate Change Management andCoordination Division, Office of Natural
Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning

Ms. Sandee G. RECABAR
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission

SINGAPORE
Ms. Winnie CHIA
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency

Mr. Thawatchai SAENGKHAMSUKCapacity Building and Outreachs Office,Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization

Mr. Gerard HENG
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency

Ms. Nareerat THANAKASEMClimate Change International Technical andTraining Center, Thailand Greenhouse Gas
Management Organization

Mr. Hassan IBRAHIMInternational Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board

Dr. Sirintornthep TOWPRAYOON
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi

Mr. Fairoz MOHAMED
International Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board

Ms. Chanitsa WARACHITClimate Change Management andCoordination Division, Office of Natural
Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning

Ms. Lorraine TAN
International Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board
Mr. Lek Kong WAN
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency

VIET NAM
Mr. LY Viet Hung
Ozone Layer Protection and Economy Low
Carbon Development Center, Department of
Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

THAILAND
Mr. Sivach KAEWCHAROEN
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning

Ms. NGUYEN Hue
Center for Responding to Climate Change,
Department of Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Dr. Bundit LIMMEECHOKCHAI
Sustainable Energy & Low Carbon Research,
Sirindhorn International Institute ofTechnology, Thammasat Univ.
Mr. Suphat PHENGPHAN
Climate Change Management andCoordination Division, Office of Natural
Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning

Ms. NGUYEN Van Anh
Division of GHG Emission Reduction andOzone Layer Protection,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

55
55

Annex II
Ms. TRAN Thi Bich Ngoc
Ozone Layer Protection and Economy Low
Carbon Development Center, Department of
Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

OTHERS
IPCC TFIDr. Sandro FEDERICITechnical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Dr. Baasansuren JAMSRANJAVTechnical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Mr. TANABE Kiyoto
Co-Chair, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
FAO
Dr. Giulia CONCHEDDA
Climate and Environment Division,
Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
Mr. Francesco Nicola TUBIELLO
Climate and Environment Division,
Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations
UNFCCCMr. Dominique REVET
Transparency Division / GHG Support Unit,
UNFCCC Secretariat
USEPA
Mr. John STELLER
Climate Change Division,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

56
56