3 災害復旧・復興対策

Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Measures❶災害復旧・復興対策の概要❶ Outline of Recovery and Reconstruction Measures

災害からの復旧・復興においては，災害復旧事業等によるIn recovering and reconstructing from disasters, the aim is not merely
to restore public buildings to their original state through disasterrecovery projects. Rather, these efforts encompass a wider range ofmeasures, including legal, tax-related and budgetary measures.
Together they facilitate planned recovery, reconstruction of theresidences as well as livelihoods of affected people, creation of a safe
community and formulation of measures for recovery for the industry
and economy of the affected area.
In the case of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995, to achievesmooth and rapid recovery and reconstruction from disaster, theHeadquarters for Reconstruction of the Hanshin-Awaji Area (headed by
the Prime Minister) was established. In the case of the Great East
Japan Earthquake in 2011, the Reconstruction Agency wasestablished, and the entire government has coped with various
measures as one of the top priority issues of the government.
In preparation for anticipated Tokyo Inland Earthquake and Nankai
Trough Earthquake, the Act on Reconstruction after Large-scale
Disaster has been enacted so that pre-disaster formulation of recovery
plans and exempted utilization of land may be made possible.

公共的施設の復旧整備等による単なる原状回復にとどまらず、計画的復興への条件整備とともに、被災者の住まいと暮らしの再建、安 全な地 域づくり、被災地の産業・経済の復興対策等について，法 律・税制・予算措置等による様々な措置を講じることとしています。
こうした災害 復旧・復興対 策を迅 速かつ円滑に進めるため、平成7年の阪神・淡 路大 震災では、内閣総 理 大臣を本部長とする「阪神・淡 路 復興 対 策本部」を設 置し、政 府一 体となった総合的な復興対策を推進しました。また、平成23年の
東日本大震災では、復興庁を設置し、内閣の最重要課題の一つとして政府一丸となって施策を講じています。
また、今後 発 生が懸 念される首都直下地震や南海トラフ
巨大地震等に備えて、予め復興の枠組みや土地利用の特 例を定めた大規模災害からの復興に関する法律が制定されています。

東日本大震災における高速道路の復旧
Restoration of the Highway which Collapsed in the Great East Japan Earthquake

6日後
Six days later

2011年3月11日

2011年3月17日(March 11, 2011)

官民連携により高速道路を迅速に復旧(March 17, 2011)

写真提供：NEXCO東日本

Prompt restoration of a highway under the cooperation between the public and private sectors

Photo: East Nippon Expressway Company Limited.

❷ 被災者生活再建支援法
阪神・淡路大震災を契機として、平成10年に被災者生活再建支援法が制定され、住民の生活の安定と被災地の速やかな復興に資するため、自然災害によりその生活基盤に著しい被害を受けた者に対し、被災者生活再建支援金を支 給することにより、その生活の再建を支援しています。具体的には、一定規模以上の自然災害により住宅が全壊するなどの被害を受けた世帯に対して、被災者 生活再建 支 援金（最 大3 0 0万円）が支給されます。

❷ Act on Support for Reconstructing
Livelihoods of the Aﬀected due to Disaster
The Act on Support for Reconstructing Livelihoods of the Affected
due to Disaster was enacted in 1998 following the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake of 1995. With this Act, it is intended to contribute tostabilization of victimized residents’ lives and to a quick recovery of thedisaster-stricken area. A "Support Grants for Reconstructing
Livelihoods of the Affected” is disbursed to persons whose livelihoods
are severely damaged by disasters, in order to support victims inrecovering their normal life, bring stability to the life of residents, andfacilitate the quick recovery of disaster-stricken areas. Specifically, theSupport Grants for Reconstructing Livelihoods of the Affected is
disbursed to households whose homes are destroyed in disasters of acertain scale or greater, up to a maximum of three million yen.
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Ⅲ 災害 対 策の 現 状（各 論）Disaster Countermeasures
Chapter

From Prevention to Preparedness, Response and RecoveryCountermeasures

災害復旧・復興対策の内容 Contents of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Measures

1 計画的復興への条件整備

Improvement of conditions for pre-planned recovery

二次的被害の拡大防止、がれき等の処理

Prevention of secondary damage from spreading; debris control

復興本部の設置及び関係機関の連携

Setting up a recovery headquarters and its coordination with relevant institutions

復興計画策定体制、復興方針の検討

Organizing a team for development of a recovery plan; study on recovery policies

広報、相談及び各種申請の受付

PR and communications; receiving of consultation requests and applications

金融・財政面の緊急措置、復興財源の確保及び復興基金の設立

2

メンタルヘルスケアの充実、ボランティアとの連携
Improvement of mental healthcare; collaboration with volunteers

3 安全な地域づくり

Development of a safe community

公共土木施設等、農地等の災害復旧

Reconstruction of disaster-stricken public facilities and farmlands

安全な市街地・公共施設整備、
復興防災まちづくり方針の作成

Improvement for safe cities/towns and public facilities; development ofpolicies on community development for recovery and disaster reduction

Emergency ﬁnancial measures; securing ﬁnancial sources for recovery;
setting up a reconstruction fund

道路・交通基盤、物流基地、ライフライン施設等の復興

すまいと暮らしの再建

文化財等への対応、災害記憶の継承

Reconstruction of houses and livelihoods

被災住宅の応急修理対策、一時提供住宅の供給

Temporary repairs for damaged houses; Provision of temporary housing

応急仮設住宅の建設、公営住宅の供給、
住宅補修・再建資金の支援

Construction of temporary emergency housing; provision of public housing;ﬁnancial aid for housing repair and reconstruction

雇用の維持、離職者の生活・再就職支援

Maintenance of employment; support to displaced workers fortheir reemployment and lives

被災者への給付金、各種減免猶予等及び義援金

Granting subsidies to disaster victims; reduction, exemption and postponement ofvarious taxes; disaster relief funds

Recovery of roads and traﬃc facilities, logistic centers, lifeline facilities

Response to cultural assets; the succession of disaster memory and experience

4 産業・経済復興

Recovery of industry and economy

資金需要の把握、各種融資制度の周知・経営相談
Understanding ﬁnancial demands; dissemination ofvarious ﬁnancial aids; business consultation

中小企業への再建資金の貸付等、観光振興

Extending recovery loans to small and medium-sized business;promotion of tourism

農林漁業基盤等の再建、農林水産業の活性化

Recovery of infrastructures for agriculture, forestry and ﬁsheries; stimulation ofagriculture, forestry and ﬁsheries

大規模災害からの復興に関する法律の概要 Overview of the Act on Reconstruction after Large-Scale Disaster
復興に関する組織等

1 Organization concerning recovery●復興対策本部の設置 Setting up the headquarters for recovery
内閣総理大臣は、大規模災害が発生した場合において、復興を推進するために特別の必要があると認めるときは、内閣府に復興対策本部を設置することができるものとすること。

●復興計画に記載された復興整備事業について、許認可等を緩和する特例を設けること。

In the event that a major disaster occurs, the Prime Minister may
set up the headquarters for recovery within the Cabinet Oﬃce as hedeems necessary to specially attend to the recovery from suchdisaster.

●復興の拠点となる市街地を整備するため一団地の復興拠点、市街地形成施設に関する都市計画を設けること。

●復興基本方針の策定 Development of the policies for recovery
政府は、当該災害からの復興のための施策に関する基本的な方針を定めるものとすること。
The Government shall establish the basic policies for recovery
measures from such disaster2 復興計画の作成等
Development of the recovery plans●大規模災害を受けた市町村が、土地利用の再編などによる円
滑かつ迅速な復興を図るため、政府の復興基本方針等に即して、復興計画を作成できるものとすること。
Recovery policies should allow municipalities struck by a majordisaster to develop a recovery plan based on and in line with theGovernmentʼs basic policies for recovery, so that prompt recovery
could be planned including re-deﬁnition of the land use plan.

●大規模災害を受けた都道府県が、復興基本方針に即して、都道府県復興方針を定めることができるものとすること。
Recovery policies should allow prefectures struck by a majordisaster to set up their own recovery policies in line with theGovernmentʼs recovery policies.

3 復興計画等における特別の措置
Special measures in the recovery plan
●復興計画に関する協議会を設けて、そこでの協議等を経た復興計画を公表することで、土地利用基本計画の変更等をワンストップで処理できるものとすること。

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The framework should allow a conference concerning the recovery
plan to be set up through which a recovery plan be known to public,so that the alteration of the land use plan be dealt with at a single
entity.

A special exemption shall be provided for ease of permits and approvals
with regard to the recovery project listed in the recovery plan.

A city development plan shall be established concerning a cluster ofurban district for recovery to be a base for recovery, so that the area
could work as a base for recovery of the entire area.

●大規模災害を受けた市町村等からの要請により都道府県等が都市計画の決定等を代行できるものとすること。等
Upon request from the municipality struck by a major disaster, it
shall be allowed that prefectures may decide on the city development
plan on behalf of such municipalities.

る代行
4 災害復旧事業に係る工事の国等によExecution of the recovery construction project by
the national government on behalf of local governments●大規模災害による被害を受けた地方公共団体を補完するため要請に基づいて、漁港、道路、海岸保全施設、河川等の災害復
旧事業について国等が代行できるものとすること。
In order to compliment the local public entities struck by a majordisaster, the national government may, upon request, execute andimplement the reconstruction projects of ﬁshery harbors, roads,
shore protection works and rivers.

5 その他
Others●国は、大規模災害が発生した場合、特別の必要があると認めるときは、別に法律で定めるところにより、復興のための財政上の措置等を速やかに講ずるものとすること。等
Upon occurrence of a major disaster, the national government shall,as deemed necessary and as stipulated by law separately, promptly
take actions for providing the necessary funding for recovery. etc.

❸ 被災者の生活と生業(なりわい)の再建に向けた対策パッケージ❸ Restoration of Lives and Livelihoodsof the Aﬀected

大規模な災害の被災地では、多くの方々が精神的にも経済的にもIn areas struck by large-scale disasters, many people may findthemselves in difficult conditions both mentally and financially. For
example, with floods, the crops grown with great care may become
covered with muddy water, shops and factories as well as machinerymay be substantially damaged by being immersed in water. Many
workers in agriculture, forestry and fishery as well as those inlower-mid scale and small-scale enterprises may lose their hope toreopen their businesses. With this in mind, the Countermeasures
Package aims to provide a sense of security for affected people andthe affected local government so that they may engage in disasterrecovery. The “Restoration of Lives and Livelihoods of the Affected”
contains measures from 4 perspectives, while also considering thevariable needs and characteristics specific to each region:(1)reconstruction of daily life, (2) reconstruction of livelihoods, (3)initialdisaster recovery, (4) disaster relief. The government will implement
financial measures according to this, and without discrimination. ThisCountermeasures Package was also issued for the Heavy Rain Event ofJuly 2018, the Typhoon Hagibis in 2019, and the Heavy Rain Event ofJuly 2020.

厳しい状況に陥ることになります。例えば、豪雨災害においては、丹精込めて育てた作物が泥水にまみれ、店舗や工場、機械設備が浸水によって大きな被害を受け、多くの農林漁業者、中小・小規模事業者の方々が、事業再開への気力を失いかねません。このような状 況を踏まえ、被災者の安心 感を確 保するとともに、被災自治 体が安心して復旧・復興に取り組めるように、被災地のニーズや地 域ごとの特性を踏まえつつ、（ 1）生活の再建、（ 2）生業の再建、（ 3）災害応急復旧、（ 4）災害救 助等の4つの観 点から施 策を『被災者の生活と生業（なりわい）の再建に向けた対策パッケージ』として取りまとめ、切れ
目なく、支 援 措 置等を講じることとしています。これまで当該パッ
ケージは、３０年７月豪雨、令和元 年東日本台風、令和2年7月豪雨の発災時に策定されています。

被災者の生活と生業（なりわい）の再建に向けた対策パッケージ（令和2年7月豪雨）

Support Package for the Life and Livelihood Restoration (Heavy Rain Event on July 2020)

1 基本方針 Basic Principles○ 新型コロナウイルス感染症の影響下で発生した令和２年７月豪雨に対し、被災者の生活と生業の再建に向け、被災地のニーズや 地域ごとの特性を踏まえつつ、緊急に対応すべき施策を取りまとめ、第一弾として予備費等を活用し速やかに対応。
In response to the Heavy Rain Event on July 2020 that occurred during COVID-19, taking the needs of affected areas and characteristics of each area into consideration, the government will formulate
urgent measures to support the restoration of affected people’s lives and livelihoods and swiftly implement them using contingency reserves and other financial resources.

○ 今後も、被災者の安心感を確保するとともに、被災自治体が安心して復旧・復興に取り組めるよう、必要な財政措置等を行う。
The government will continue to allocate budgets, so that those affected can live with a sense of ease and the affected governments can promote restoration and reconstruction projects without worrying
about funds.

2 緊急対応策（主なもの） Main Urgent Measures
生活再建
Rehabilitation of livelihoods

1○ 廃棄物・土砂の処理

2

生業の再建
Reconstruction of Livelihoods○ 観光業等の中小・小規模事業者の支援

Disposal of waste, debris, and sediment

Support for SMEs such as tourism industries○ 住まいの確保○ 農林漁業者の支援

Ensuring housing

Support to those affected were working
in agricultural, forestry and fishing industries○ 切れ目のない被災者支援
Consecutive support for affected people○ 交通の確保がれき・土砂が流入した農地

Ensuring transportations○ 金融支援等Financial support, etc. for affected people

3

Inflow of debris
and sediments on
agricultural land)

まちなかからの廃棄物除去
Disposal of waste

災害応急復旧
Urgent Recovery from the Disaster○ 河川・道路等インフラの復旧

4

浸水被害を受けた
熊本県の旅館業者

An inundated inn (Kumamoto pref.)

災害救助
Disaster Relief○ 避難所等の応急救助等

Recovery of infrastructures such as rivers, roads, etc.

Emergency assistance such as shelters○ 災害復旧事業の迅速化○ 自衛隊等の活動

Accelerate disaster recovery projects

Activities of SDF
TEC-FORCEによる被害状況調査
Survey of damage by TEC-FORCE

自衛隊による災害派遣活動（種豚のヘリ輸送）
Activities of SDF (Helilift of boars)

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