CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I147-2019

Proceedings of the 17th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA17)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification 30th July - 2nd August 2019, Singapore

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I147-2019

Proceedings of the 17th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA17)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification 30th July - 2nd August 2019, Singapore

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 17th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA17)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp
Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
Copyright 2019:
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any
information retrieval system, without permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does
not own the copyrights to the abstracts contained in this publication.
All copies in PDF format are available from: http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A), in
accordance with the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods
and Services by the State and Other Entities.

CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Contents
Foreword.................................................................................................................................. i
Preface..................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................. iii
1
Executive Summary of WGIA17................................................................................. 1
2
Workshop Report ......................................................................................................... 3
2.1

Opening Session ........................................................................................................................ 3

2.2

Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs)
from Non-Annex I Parties ........................................................................................................ 3

2.3

Session II: Introduction to the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories .................................................................................................... 4

2.4

Session III: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from non-Annex I Parties ..................................... 6

2.5

Session IV: National GHG Inventory Data and Systems for the Transparency Framework
Under the Paris Agreement ..................................................................................................... 7

2.6

Wrap-up Session ....................................................................................................................... 8

3

Abstracts...................................................................................................................... 11

3.2

Session I ................................................................................................................................... 13

3.3

Session II.................................................................................................................................. 16

3.4

Session III ................................................................................................................................ 21

3.5

Session IV ................................................................................................................................ 26

3.6

Poster Session .......................................................................................................................... 32

4

Report on Mutual Learning Session ......................................................................... 39

4.2

Cross-cutting Issues (F-gases related matters)..................................................................... 41

4.3

Energy Sector .......................................................................................................................... 44

4.4

Agriculture Sector .................................................................................................................. 47

3.1

4.1

Opening Session ...................................................................................................................... 11

Overview of the Mutual Learning ......................................................................................... 39

Annex I: Agenda .................................................................................................................. 51
Annex II: List of Participants ............................................................................................. 57

CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Foreword
The international community now recognizes increases in anthropogenic emissions of greenhousegases (GHGs) as the primary cause of climate change and its impacts. The 5th Assessment Reportpublished by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2013 stated that “theatmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous
oxide (N2O) have all increased since 1750 due to human activity.” Moreover, many GHG observatories
including Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii have detected that the yearly mean concentration of CO2
surpassed 400 ppm since 2015. In order to address mitigation and adaptation to climate change, all of
us on the globe must be making more efforts than ever in each of our respective fields. To this end, theConference of the Parties to the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed tohold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels under
the Paris Agreement in COP21 in 2015.
“Measurement, Reporting and Verification”, abbreviated as MRV, and transparency of mitigation
actions are becoming increasingly important, and in this respect, national GHG inventories, which
provide information on GHG emissions and their trends over time, play a critical role as a basis for
decision makers to design and implement strategies of their countries’ mitigation actions for reducing
GHG emissions. Against this background, all parties will soon be required to submit Biennial
Transparency Reports under the Paris Agreement Enhanced Transparency Framework.
In order to support the enhancement of capacities for national GHG inventories in Asian countries,
the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the “Workshop on GHG
Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with the support of the Ministry of theEnvironment of Japan (MOEJ). This workshop supports government officials, compilers, andresearchers in the Asian countries to develop and improve their GHG inventories through enhancing
regional information exchange. The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), affiliated with
the Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), NIES, has functioned as the Secretariat forthis workshop since its first session.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 17th WGIA, which was held from July 30th toAugust 2nd, 2019, in Singapore. We hope that this report will be useful for all those who work in thefield of GHG inventories as well as climate change, and will contribute to the further progress ofinventory development in Asia.

Nobuko Saigusa

Director
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental StudiesiiPreface
An important lesson that we have learned from the history of the UNFCCC is the importance of“measurement, reporting and verification” (MRV) and transparency. This includes measuring theeffects of emissions reduction initiatives; reporting the results of the measurements in theinternational arena; and verifying the status of reductions. MRV ensures the transparency andaccuracy of reports on each country’s mitigation actions.
For steady implementation of MRV and transparency, it is essential to develop national systems
for preparation of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and to improve the accuracy of theinventories. In the Paris Agreement, the importance of establishing an enhanced transparency
framework in order to build mutual trust and confidence and to promote effective implementation,is stated. The purpose of the framework for transparency of actions is to provide a clear
understanding of climate change actions, including clarity and tracking of progress towards
achieving Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to inform the global
stocktake. Each Party shall provide national inventory reports and information necessary to trackprogress made in implementing and achieving its NDC under the Paris Agreement in Biennial
Transparency Reports. Against this background, GHG inventories are being accepted more and more
as being valuable because they support the transparency and accuracy of the implementation ofnational mitigation actions.
WGIA has contributed significantly to the construction and consolidation of a network of officials
involved in GHG inventory preparation in Asian countries, and to the identification and provisionof solutions for common issues relevant to the inventories.
This time, the 17th WGIA (WGIA17) was held from 30th July to 2nd August, 2019 in Singapore.
The topics set out for this workshop were based on consideration of the current situation of themember countries, and we hope that this workshop contributes to the improvement of theirinventories.
The outcomes of the WGIA17 are summarized in this report as Proceedings. We hope that thisreport will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the GHG inventoriesof the WGIA-member countries.
In conclusion, we would like to thank all the attendees for their participation and active
contribution to the workshop.

Yukihiro Nojiri

Nobuhiro Kino

ManagerGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Director
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office
Global Environment Bureau
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

ii
ii

CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AB
AD
AFOLU
BR
BUR
CDM
CGE
CGER
COP
CS
EF
EFDB
ETF
FAO
FSV
FY
GDP
GEF
GHG
GIO
GPG
GPG-LULUCF
GWP
IAR
ICA
IGES
INC
INDC
IP
IPCC
IPCC AR4
IPCC SAR
IPCC TFI
JCM
JICA
LUCF
LULUCF
ML
MOEJ
MRV
MPG
NAI

WGIA Advisory Board
Activity Data
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Biennial Report
Biennial Update Report
Clean Development Mechanism
Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from
Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention
Center for Global Environmental Research
Conference of the Parties
Country-Specific
Emission Factor
IPCC Emission Factor Database
Enhanced Transparency Framework
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Facilitative Sharing of Views
Fiscal year
Gross Domestic Product
Global Environmental Facility
Greenhouse Gas
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Global Warming Potential
International Assessment and Review
International Consultation and Analysis
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Initial National Communication
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
Industrial Processes
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
IPCC Second Assessment Report
IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Joint Crediting Mechanism
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Land-Use Change and Forestry
Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Mutual Learning
The Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Measurement, Reporting and Verification
Measurable, Reportable, and Verifiable
Modalities, procedures and guidelines
Non-Annex I
iii
iii

NAMA
NC
NDC
NIES
NIR
PA
QA
QC
RAC
REDD
REDD+
SBI
SLCF
SNC
TA
TACCC
TNC
TTE
UNFCCC
WGIA
1996 IPCC GLs
2006 IPCC GLs
2019 Refinement

CO2
CH4
N2O
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
NF3
NOX
CO
NMVOCs
SOX
CFCs
HCFCs
ODS
Gg
Mt

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
National Communication
Nationally Determined Contribution
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
National Inventory Report
Paris Agreement
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation indeveloping countries
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, and theRole of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests, andEnhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks
Subsidiary Body for Implementation
Short-Lived Climate Forcer
Second National Communication
Technical Analysis
Transparency, Accuracy, Completeness, Comparability and Consistency
Third National Communication
Team of Technical Experts
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeWorkshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
Chemical terms

Carbon dioxide
MethaneNitrous oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur hexafluoride
Nitrogen trifluoride
Sum of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Non-methane volatile organic compounds
Sulfur oxide
Chlorofluorocarbons
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
Ozone Depleting Substance
Giga gram (109 g)
Million tonnes

iv
iv

CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES
Photos of the Workshop
Welcome Address

Welcome Address

Mr. Suresh K,
Resource Conservation Department, National
Environment Agency, Singapore

Mr. Taiki Mizushima, Low-Carbon Society
Promotion Office, Global Environment Bureau,
MOEJ

Chairpersons for the Plenary Sessions
Opening Session

Ms. Rohaya Saharom(Singapore)
Session III

Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI)

Session I

Session II

Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav(IPCC TFI)Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES)

Session IV

Wrap-up Session

Prof. Rizaldi Boer (Bogor
Agricultural University)
vv

Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri(Manager of GIO, Japan)

Mutual Learning Sessions

General:Singapore - China

EnergyEnergy:sector:ThailandThai - Japan- JapanDiscussions in the Plenary Sessions

Discussions in the Poster Session

Information Exchanges in Tea Breaks & Receptionvivi

Agriculture
Agriculture
sector:sector:
Cambodia Cambodia
Philippines- Philippines

1. Executive Summary of WGIA17

CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

1

Executive Summary of WGIA17

The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES) convened, together with the National Environment Agency, Singapore (NEA), the“17th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories in Asia (WGIA17)” from July 30 (Tuesday)
to August 2 (Friday), 2019, in Singapore.
The annual workshops have been held since 2003 in order to support non-Annex I (NAI) Parties in
Asia to develop and improve their GHG inventories and to facilitate the enhancement of cooperative
relationships towards improvement of the accuracy of national GHG inventories in the Asian region.
This year, in total, 89 participants attended WGIA17, including government officials and researchers
from fourteen member countries (Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia,
Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), in addition
to representatives of the IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC TFI), theSecretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and others.
Opening Session
MOEJ and NEA individually made welcome addresses. Japan made a presentation on Japan’sachievements in the field of climate change. Japan succeeded in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
for four consecutive years due to the progress of energy saving activities. Following this, theGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) gave an overview of WGIA.
Updates on the NCs and BURs from Non-Annex I Parties
Malaysia, Vietnam, and Brunei gave presentations on their submitted National Communications(NCs) and/or Biennial Update Reports (BURs) and reported the most updated information on theiremission amount, mitigation activities, and relevant data.
It is important to share the information/experience of preparation for NC/BUR in this workshop.
Besides, it is important to utilize capacity building opportunities offered by UNFCCC and others, sinceacquisition of activity data and development of country specific emission factors remain a challenge.
Introduction to the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
IPCC TFI and authors of the 2019 Refinement gave overviews of the 2019 Refinement by sector,
and changes introduced by it. Early use of the 2019 Refinement may help inventory compilation, forexample through referring to the 2019 Refinement, in the context of using the 2006 IPCC GLs.
However, more analysis may be needed at the technical level before the application of the 2019
Refinement.
Fluorinated Gas Emissions from non-Annex I Parties
GIO made a presentation on the F-gas-related requirements in the newly adopted Modalities,
Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs) for the enhanced transparency framework, the Kigali Amendment,
and the status of reporting by WGIA countries of fluorinated gases. Indonesia introduced their current
methods of estimation of fluorinated gas emissions. USEPA explained the institutional arrangements
for the U.S. inventory for fluorinated gases. IPCC TFI showed the estimation methodology forrefrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) in the 2006 IPCC GLs and 2019 Refinement.
The reporting of HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3 has become mandatory under the MPGs. The 2006
IPCC GLs provide the basic methodology for RAC, and together with the 2019 Refinement, would be
useful to start estimating emissions for this sub-sector. With the Kigali Amendment entering into force,a closer collaboration between climate change and ozone experts is imperative.
111. Executive Summary of WGIA17
National GHG Inventory Data and Systems for the Transparency Framework Under the Paris
Agreement
UNFCCC gave an overview of the enhanced transparency framework under the Paris Agreementand detailed explanations of the requirements related to inventories in the Biennial Transparency
Reports (BTRs). Algeria showed their current policies on climate change and their latest national GHG
inventory. Thailand shared “Thailand’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory System (TGEIS)”, andthe Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, shared its experience of establishing Japan’s energy balancetable. Following this, FAO introduced its support program on the AFOLU sector for developing
countries, and NIES also presented the benefits and availability of observational data.
WGIA countries should enhance their national systems to prepare inventories in the BTRs to meetthe requirements, based on a clear understanding of the new requirements. To do that, available
resources/capacity building opportunities should be known and utilized widely. Also, the participants
recognized in the session that strengthening background statistics for inventories can significantly
contribute to the improvement of GHG inventories.
Mutual Learning of each sector’s GHG inventories
The participants exchanged materials and questions to learn about the inventory and institutionalarrangements of the counterpart country. For each session, two countries engaged with each other, byfollowing-up on the Q&A which had taken place before the Workshop. In this WGIA, the mutual
learning was held on the following three GHG inventory sectors: General (F-gases-related matters
between China and Singapore), Energy sector (Thailand and Japan), and Agriculture sector (Cambodia
and the Philippines).
These countries partly applied the 2006 IPCC GLs, and continuously improved their own GHG
inventories. Methodology of the partner country and progress made in institutional arrangements
including data collection systems and QA/QC systems were shared, and these were referred to for
future improvement of their own inventories.
Poster Session
This was held to share information on institutional arrangements and latest research results, anddeepen the discussion on specific issues. In one-to-one informal discussions, detailed information onlatest research and international support was exchanged.

22

2. Workshop ReportCGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

2

Workshop Report

Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Office of Japan (GIO):
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wg17/wg17index-e.html

2.1 Opening Session
The opening session was chaired by Ms. Rohaya Saharom (Singapore), and the rapporteur was Ms.
Atsuko Hayashi (GIO).
The welcome address was delivered by Mr. Taiki Mizushima (MOEJ), followed by the welcome
address delivered by Mr. Suresh K (Singapore).
Mr. Akira Yoshida (MOEJ) made a presentation on Japan’s Achievement on Climate Change. He
reported that Japan had succeeded in reducing greenhouse gas emissions for four consecutive years
due to the progress of energy saving activities. Japan's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were 1,292
Mt CO2-eq. in FY2017. In 2016, Japan set the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures, which
includes an emission reduction target to reduce GHG emissions by 26.0% below the FY2013 levels by
FY2030; consistent with Japan’s NDC, and will continue to make further efforts to achieve the 2030
target.
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO) gave an overview of WGIAs. He introduced the historical progress of WGIA
and its participants, agenda and expected outcomes. The expected outcomes of WGIA17 were: Capacity building of GHG inventory preparation of Asian countries,
 Enhancement of quality of GHG inventories for National Communications (NCs) and Biennial
Update Reports (BURs), and future Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) submission, Enhancement of understanding of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC GLs for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
 Enhancement of understanding of Fluorinated gases emission estimation, and Improved national GHG inventory data, and the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF)
under the Paris Agreement
Mr. Ito emphasized that an accurate inventory of NCs and BURs, and future BTRs will contributeto planning and assessment of progress on emission reduction targets in the Paris Agreement.

2.2 Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial
Update Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties
This session was chaired by Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (IPCC TFI) and the rapporteur was Ms.
Atsuko Hayashi (GIO).
Non-Annex I Parties shall, as per COP 16 and COP 17 decisions, submit national GHG inventories
as a part of their BURs or NCs every two years. Under such circumstances, the WGIA member
countries have submitted their BURs and/or NCs. In this session, Malaysia, Vietnam and Brunei gave
presentations about their latest BUR and NCs.
Dr. Midori Yanagawa (GIO) made an introductory presentation of this session. She overviewed
relevant articles of the Convention for NCs, BUR and ICA of the BURs. She also showed thesubmission status of NCs and BURs in Asian countries in recent years.
Dr. Elizabeth MP. Philip (Malaysia) gave a presentation on Malaysia’s 2nd BUR. She explainedthat the 2006 IPCC GLs were used to estimate the emissions and removals, and clarity andtransparency were enhanced through the use of GHG inventory tables, sectoral and background tables,33

2. Workshop Reportand disaggregation of aviation emissions. She also explained that completeness was also enhanced as
new categories were included for estimation in several sectors (IPPU, AFOLU and Waste sector).
Furthermore, she showed mitigation actions and their effects in Malaysia’s BUR. Finally, she pointed
out that collection of activity data (AD) and use of country-specific emission factors (CSEFs) remaina challenge.
Ms. Ngoc Thi Bich Tran (Vietnam) gave a presentation on Brief Summary of Vietnam's BUR2.
She explained that the 1996 IPCC GLs were mainly used to estimate the emissions and removals, andboth IPCC default values and CS values were used for EFs, and AD was mostly from national statistics.
She also explained that net GHG emissions from Vietnam had been 259.0 Mt CO2-eq. (with LULUCF)
in 2013. Furthermore, she showed that BUR3 was under preparation and will be completed in 2020.
Mr. Muhammad Nabih Fakhri Matussin (Brunei) gave a presentation on Brunei Darussalam's
Second NCs. He explained that the Tier 1 methods of the 2006 IPCC GLs and IPCC default EFs,
together with AD from national statistics were used to estimate the emissions and removals. He also
explained that the Energy sector was the predominant sector with 11 Mt-CO2-eq. emissions in 2014,and half of it came from Energy Industries. Furthermore, he showed the mitigation measures in his
country’s inventory on Energy, AFOLU and Waste sectors.
In the discussions, it was recognized that correct and common interpretation of GLs was crucial
for the preparation and continuous improvement of national GHG inventory. When applying higher
tier methodologies to estimate the emissions and removals, collecting new AD is a big challenge. Somecountries (e.g. Malaysia) have difficulties in calculating uncertainty. Utilizing the 2019 Refinement
may be helpful because volume 1 of the 2019 Refinement provides a tool (Excel spreadsheet) for the
implementation of Approach 1 for calculating uncertainty. Finally, Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav
commented that if there were CS data for estimating emissions and removals, they could be submitted
to the IPCC EFDB and utilized.
In this session, the following conclusions were shared with the participants. First, theinformation/experience sharing in this session is important because it helps WGIA member countries
improve their capacities to meet the reporting requirements under the UNFCCC and plan for the future.
Second, acquisition of AD and development of CSEFs remain a challenge. Third, it is important toutilize capacity building opportunities offered by UNFCCC and other organizations. Finally, a smoothtransitioning to the enhanced transparency framework is important. Enhancing data collection, humanresources and capacity, and coordination among relevant institutions, is essential.

2.3 Session II: Introduction to the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
This session was chaired by Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) and the rapporteur was Ms. Atsuko
Hayashi (GIO).
A new Methodology Report titled the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC GLs for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (hereafter “the 2019 Refinement”) was just adopted/accepted by the IPCC
in May 2019 in Kyoto. This session was held in order to give an overview of the 2019 Refinement,
which comprises an Overview Chapter and five volumes. The authors from each volume andrepresentatives of IPCC were invited to cover every volume of the 2019 Refinement.
The first speaker, Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI; CGE), started off the session with a presentation
about the general overview of the 2019 Refinement. He first explained about the history of publishedguidelines and the need for refinements to the present guidelines. Then, he introduced the Overview
Chapter and Volume 1 of “General Guidance and Reporting”. He stressed that the 2019 Refinement
provides an updated and sound scientific basis for supporting the preparation and continuous
improvement of national greenhouse gas inventories and he also showed the types of refinement in
44

CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES
order to give us a clear understanding of the relationship with the 2006 IPCC GLs. He also mentionedthat the structure of the 2019 Refinement was the same as that of the 2006 IPCC GLs so as to make iteasier for inventory compilers to use the 2019 Refinement with the 2006 IPCC GLs.
Following the presentation, the chair, Mr. Hiraishi (IGES), posed a question about any future plansfor integration with the previously-published IPCC guidelines, since the 2019 Refinement is not a
stand-alone guideline. Mr. Tanabe (IPCC TFI; CGE) said that it might be helpful if it was integrated,
however, IPCC TFI was not able to go beyond the decision by IPCC. He also mentioned that Chapter
6 of Volume 1 presented new guidance on the use and reporting of models, however, Volume 4 should
be used together when dealing with models in the LULUCF sector.
Prof. Songli Zhu (LA; Energy Research Institute, NDRC) gave an overview of the Energy sector(Volume 2 ). She explained that the refinements were only made on fugitive emission categories (1.B.),
which were explained by systems; i.e. Coal system, Oil and Gas system and Fuel transformation. She
explained each refinement by refinement type.
Ms. Deborah Ottinger (CLA; USEPA) also gave an overview of the IPPU sector (Volume 3). The
refinements in the sector were related to 1) new sources, 2) new emission mechanisms, 3) evolution intechnologies, 4) new F-GHGs, and 5) the need for clarification. Refinements especially for the
production of fluorochemicals, aluminum, rare earths, and electronics were explained in detail.
Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon (CLA; AB; King Mongkut’s Univ. of Technology Thonburi) also
introduced the 2019 Refinement on the Waste sector (Volume 5). She explained that the Refinements
were mainly corresponding to the updates in waste generation and waste composition, andimprovements on estimation methodologies of waste water treatment. She also illustrated where andhow to start by explaining that such points as the following were important: 1) being familiar with
“Mapping tables”, 2) understanding the type of refinement and 3) following the road map in related
sections, tables, figures and boxes in the 2019 Refinement.
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (AB; IPCC TFI) made an overview of the 2019 Refinement for the
AFOLU sector (Volume 4). Major refinements, including updated, elaborated, and new guidance, as
well as new and updated default data, were introduced. The refinements were made in all chapters
except Chapter 9 (Other Land).
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (AB; IPCC TFI) also made a presentation on behalf of Dr. Sumana
Bhattacharya (LA; AB; IORA Ecological Solutions). She introduced the refinements related to CH4emissions from Rice Cultivation. The methodological refinement for this source additionally provides
baseline emission factors (EFs) of methane at the global scale with new default values at the regional
scale. It also provides scaling factors for water regimes before and during the cultivation periods alongwith default conversion factors for different types of organic amendments.
Following the presentations, there was a discussion over when and how the 2019 Refinement
should be used. Mr. Tanabe said that it is up to the Party when and how to use it, however, early use of
the 2019 Refinement may help inventory compilation, such as through referring to the 2019
Refinement, in the context of using the 2006 IPCC GLs.
Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB/ Bogor Agricultural University) asked how to separate emissions fromanthropogenic causes and those from natural causes, with an example of the case that "managed land"
being abandoned for a number of years was affected by fire. Dr. Jamsranjav (AB; IPCC TFI) explainedthat the managed land proxy (MLP) was retained in the 2019 Refinement, with an option/voluntary
approach newly added for the disaggregation of total MLP emissions/removals into those that wereassociated with human effects, and those due to natural disturbances in Chapter 2 of Volume 4.
As a conclusion, it was acknowledged that more analysis of the implication of, and potential
benefits by, the use of the 2019 Refinement may be needed at the technical level.
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2. Workshop Report

2.4 Session III: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from non-Annex I Parties
This session was chaired by Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI), and the rapporteur was Ms. Atsuko
Hayashi (GIO).
The session focused on F-gas-related requirements in the new requirements under the Modalities,
Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs) for the enhanced transparency framework for action and supportof the Paris Agreement, challenges/good practices in reporting/institutional arrangements, andestimation methodology for the largest gap in estimation - refrigerant and air conditioning. A wide
range of national officials/experts gave presentations and participants exchanged views on how toestimate and report F-gas emissions.
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO) made a presentation on the status of reporting by WGIA countries offluorinated gases under the UNFCCC. Although the reporting of F-gases such as HFCs, PFCs, SF6,
and NF3 was not mandatory for Non-Annex I (NAI) countries, roughly half of the WGIA countries arereporting such gases. Under the newly adopted MPGs for the enhanced transparency framework,
reporting F-gases has become mandatory, but with room to apply the flexibility clause if capacity islacking. She noted that preparation is needed to report, with the first BTR to be submitted by the endof 2024.
Ms. Ratnasari (Indonesia) gave an overview of the F-gas Inventory in Indonesia. They are currently
reporting PFCs from aluminium production. Efforts have been made to try to identify AD for stationary
and mobile air conditioning. Other planned improvements are to identify other sources of F-gases,
such as SF6 from electrical equipment.
Ms. Deborah Ottinger (USEPA) gave a presentation on the institutional arrangements for the U.S.
fluorinated GHG inventory. The U.S. F-gas inventory data sources include facility-level reporting,national statistics, and input from trade associations, and models are used to develop estimates formany fluorinated GHG categories. EPA takes the lead and coordinates inventory compilation, with thesupport of a technical team of EPA experts and consultants.
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI) explained the estimation methodology for refrigerants and air
conditioning (RAC) in the 2006 IPCC GLs and 2019 Refinement. He noted that the 2006 IPCC GLs
provide a Tier 1 calculation tool based on net consumption of gases, a Tier 2 EF approach, and a Tier
2 mass balance approach for RACs. The 2019 Refinement does not change the methodology, but
provides new information to help start estimation.
Following the above presentations, some comments were given and questions were raised. Ms.
Deborah Ottinger (USEPA) sought clarification from Ms. Ratnasari on whether or not SF6 could occur
from a certain source in Indonesia. Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI) expressed that it would beappreciated if new sources were detected or research results were found, this information was sharedwith IPCC TFI and others.
In relation to a question raised by Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) on recovery/disposal of substances,
Ms. Deborah Ottinger (USEPA) stressed the importance of checking whether import/supply data
matched up with the demand in the model. In response to a question from Ms. Winnie Chia (Singapore)
about how to use default EFs for RACs in the 2006 IPCC GLs, she advised that if the default EF value
has a range, it is good to choose the value reflecting the real practice, such as whether or not mandatory
programs to control HFCs, etc. exist in that country. She also clarified to Ms. Chia that The US
Vintaging Model for RACs was generally similar to the IPCC Tier 2a approach in that the Modelconsidered the age-class of the products.
The participants acknowledged that under the newly adopted MPGs for the enhanced transparency
framework of the Paris Agreement, the reporting of HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3 have become mandatory,
but with room to apply the flexibility clause if capacity was lacking. They concluded that the 2006
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IPCC GLs provided the basic methodology for RACs, and together with the 2019 Refinement, would
be useful to start estimating for this sub-sector. They also concluded that a close collaboration with
offices dealing with Ozone Depleting Substances would be useful, in light of the fact that the Kigali
Amendment to the Montreal Protocol would be controlling HFCs as well. These offices may haveeasier access to data providers of/information on ODS substitutes, and GHG inventory compilers
should make efforts so to have good understanding of Montreal Protocol reporting activities toelaborate on such cooperation.

2.5 Session IV: National GHG Inventory Data and Systems for theTransparency Framework Under the Paris Agreement
This session was chaired by Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB) and the rapporteur was Ms. Atsuko Hayashi(GIO).
Decision 18/CMA.1 that was adopted at COP24 last year requires the submission of BTR from 2024
for all countries under the ETF of the Paris Agreement. In the BTR, each party shall provide not only
the national GHG inventory but also information to track progress in implementing and achieving its
NDC under the Paris Agreement. With stronger transparency requirements put into place in thedecision, WGIA countries need to further improve their compilation capacity and national systems.
Under such circumstances, this session covered information sharing and discussion about thedevelopment of inventory data and systems for BTRs of WGIA countries.
First, Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO) made a brief presentation to introduce the topics taken up in theagenda.
Mr. William Agyemang-Bonsu (UNFCCC) gave an overview of the ETF under the Paris Agreementand detailed explanations of the requirements related to inventories in BTRs. Through Decision
18/CMA.1, the MPGs for the transparency framework for action and support under the Paris
Agreement were adopted. It is applicable to all Parties, but with some flexibilities.
Mr. Mohamed Sidi Moussa (Algeria) shared information on Algeria’s current policies in fighting
climate change and Algeria’s latest national GHG inventory in the second national communication.
Algeria is working to gradually integrate environmental dimensions into its development process, forexample, through mitigating GHG emissions. In 2000, total emissions amounted to 117 Mt CO2-eq,
with the Energy sector being the largest sector (74%) followed by AFOLU, Waste, and IPPU sectors.
Mr. Sivach Kaewcharoen (Thailand) shared information on the development and function of“Thailand’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory System (TGEIS)” to meet the requirements under
the ETF under the Paris Agreement. Thailand is currently establishing the TGEIS, a 2006 IPCC GLbased system to enable data input to archiving. It is expected to be fully implemented by 2020.
Dr. Ryo Eto (IEEJ) shared experience of establishing Japan’s energy balance table, the range of its
objectives, methodology, procedures and referenced data. The energy balance table has been revised
and improved in response to the constant change of domestic and international circumstances. The
table has contributed to important policy decisions including actions to contribute to the ETF.
Dr. Mirella Salvatore (FAO) introduced FAO's support program on the AFOLU sector for
developing countries. FAO has developed Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT)
projects in the AFOLU sector in order to enhance developing countries’ technical and institutional
capacity to meet the requirements under the ETF.
Dr. Shamil Maksyutov (NIES) introduced the benefit and availability of observational data to
improve the participant countries’ inventories under the ETF. The guidance in 2019 Refinement to the2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories describes key components and steps that are
applied when using atmospheric measurements and inverse models for comparison with inventory77

2. Workshop Reportemission estimates as part of inventory quality assurance and quality control procedures.
Through Q&As about the presentations, the following issues in preparation of BTRs were discussed.
Regarding the presentation from Mr. William Agyemang-Bonsu, it was identified that NIR and
Adaptation Communication can be components of BTR to streamline the preparation work of thesereports. Also, since there is a fair amount of work to be done to prepare for the first BTR, discussions
were focused on when, how and by whom the support for BTR preparation can be provided.
Regarding the presentation from Mr. Sivach Kaewcharoen, it was revealed that there is a challenge
in data collection from private sectors in Thailand, made evident from the insufficient response rate ofquestionnaires. To improve such circumstances, Thailand expects more responses in the future throughthe recent revision of the climate change law.
Regarding the presentation from Dr. Ryo Eto, it was noted that data from the demand side of theenergy balance table was generally harder to collect. Also, it was mentioned that capacity-building onenergy statistics was provided through International Energy Forum (IEF) and the partners of IEF such
as Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).
Regarding the presentation from Dr. Mirella Salvatore, it was pointed out that there was a difficulty
to reflect mitigation effects of AFOLU to inventories due to differences between inventory andmitigation agencies in their understanding of the importance of data.
In this session, the following conclusions were made: the WGIA countries should respectively
enhance their national systems to prepare inventories in BTRs to meet the requirements, based on aclear understanding of the new requirements under the ETF. To do that, available resources/capacity
building opportunities should be known and utilized widely. Also, the participants recognized in thesession that strengthening background statistics for inventories can significantly contribute to theimprovement of GHG inventories.

2.6 Wrap-up Session
This session was chaired by Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO). In this session, the rapporteurs from the
Mutual Learning sessions and plenary sessions provided summaries of the discussions including
findings and conclusions, which were followed by the final discussion to conclude the workshop.
Summary of the Mutual Learning (ML)Mr. Hiromi Yoshinaga (GIO) presented the summaries of discussions from the Mutual Leaning (ML)sessions held in this workshop after providing an overview and explaining the objective of the ML
programme.
After his report, Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri, the chair of this session, asked a representative of eachparticipant country in the ML to make a comment. Many of them expressed their appreciation. They
remarked that they were impressed by the differences in their counterparts’ inventory systems fromthose of their own and expressed interest in trying to incorporate the good points into their own
inventory system. A representative commented that he hoped to continue to participate in ML.
It was suggested that a continuous discussion by the same countries’ combination on future ML
might also be helpful to encourage the improvement of their inventories through checking the progresswith each other. Generally, it was concluded that the ML should be continued.
Summary of the Plenary Sessions
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO), the rapporteur of the Plenary Sessions, reported a summary of thepresentations, discussions and conclusions of Session I through Session IV.
Following her report, Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri stated that there were many things that compilers haveto do in the near future, such as fully applying the 2006 IPCC GLs, preparing for BTRs, and, if adopted,
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preparing for using the 2019 Refinement. Above all, a difficulty of preparing time-series data was
acknowledged by the participants. In addition, Mr. Kamal Uy (Cambodia) showed his concern about
using the IPCC Inventory Software. He said that it was not easy to complete entering all the required
information/data in the software, and he also said that the default EF tended to be very high and was
not always suitable for the situation of the country. Furthermore, he raised a question about how tocreate time series data with the software. In response to his concerns and question, Dr. Baasansuren
Jamsranjav (IPCC TFI) explained that the IPCC software had various functions, and it was possible toselect EFs from pull-down lists. She also explained that time-series data could be imported in an Excel
format. In addition, she explained that the IPCC software covered all sectors, and supported Tier 2
methodologies for some sectors. Moreover, information was shared regarding annual IPCC expert
meetings and some UNFCCC regional workshops. The IPCC meetings provide opportunities forexperts to experience and give feedback on the software and the EFDB.
Closing Remarks
The closing remarks were delivered by Ms. Rohaya Saharom (Singapore) and Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri.
They thanked all for their active participation. They wished for the continuity of this workshop anddevelopment of good networking within the countries.

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3

Abstracts

In this section, the abstracts of the presentations are compiled. The abstracts are attached in an
unedited form, as they were received from the presenters.

3.1 Opening Session
Japan’s Achievement on Climate Change
Taiki MIZUSHIMA, Akira YOSHIDA
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract
Japan succeeded in reducing GHG emissions in the last four years due to the progress of energy
saving activities and improvement of CO2 emission intensity of electricity. Japan’s total emissions in
FY2017 were 1,292 megaton carbon dioxide equivalent, a 8.4% decrease compared to FY2013; and a
6.5% decrease compared to FY2005. In recent years, while GDP has been growing, GHG emissions
have been decreasing, meaning a decoupling trend.
Japan is committed to achieve following emission reduction targets.
By FY2020: 3.8% or more emission reduction compared to FY2005
By FY2030: 26.0% (25.4%) reduction compared to FY2013 (FY2005)(Japan’s NDC)

In 2016, Japan formulated “Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures” that defines a path toachieve a mid-term reduction target, consistent with Japan’s NDC, and identifies policies and measures
to be implemented. The plan has six basic concepts such as “Integrated improvements of theenvironment, economy and society” and “Importance of PDCA cycle,” etc.
With regard to Long-term low GHG emission development strategy, Japan submitted the strategy to
UNFCCC on 26th June. Japan proclaims a “decarbonized society” as the ultimate goal and aims toaccomplish it ambitiously as early as possible in the second half of this century, while boldly taking
measures towards the reduction of GHG emissions by 80% by 2050. Also, there are basic principles
of policy such as “Realizing ‘a virtuous cycle of environment and growth’” and “Action Towards abright Society with Hope for the Future.” It is extremely big challenge to realize a “decarbonizedsociety” in the world. Japan will make its best efforts to tackle the challenge based on the strategy.

References/ Publications
1. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April 2019)
2. Third Biennial Report (December 2017)
3. Overview of the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (May 2016)
4. Outlines of Japan's Long-term Strategy under the Paris Agreement (June 2019)

Access to relevant information
1. https://unfccc.int/documents/194844
2. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/9087615_Japan-BR3-3-BR3-JPN-E.pdf
3. http://www.env.go.jp/press/files/en/676.pdf
4. http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/cc/npa/outlines_of_japanese_long-term_strategy_under_
the_paris_agreement_190611.pdf

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Overview of WGIA 17
Hiroshi Ito
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
Non-Annex I (NAI) Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) are required to prepare Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories as a part of National
Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Report (BURs) and future Biennial Transparency Report(BTRs) to be periodically submitted to the Conference of the Parties (COP) under the UNFCCC. It
becomes important to develop reliable GHG inventory of NAI countries and to enhance its further
improvement.
To support developing and improving GHG Inventories of NAI Parties in Asia, the Workshop on
GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA) was organized by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ)
and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), and has been held on annually since 2003.
The participating countries are 15 countries (Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan,
Republic of Korea, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand andVietnam). So far, WGIA achieved to strengthen a network of regional government officials and experts
and to make website and proceedings.
The upcoming 17th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA17) is to be held 30 July- 2
August 2019 in Singapore. The WGIA17 aims:
1) To enhance sector-specific capacity for inventory compilation,2) To share the information of national GHG inventory for NCs and BURs,
3) To enhance the understanding of 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
4) To enhance the understandings of Methodology of F-gas emissions estimation, and
5) To improve national GHG inventory data and to enhance the Transparency Framework under
the Paris Agreement.
Approximately 90 participants are expected to be present in this 17th workshop. Participants aregovernment officials and researchers from 15 countries in Asia (the participating countries) and experts
from international organizations (the IPCC Task Force on National GHG Inventories (IPCC/TFI), thesecretariat of UNFCCC, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)), and others.

Access to relevant information
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wgiaindex-e.html

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3.2 Session I
Malaysia’s Second BUR: What’s New?
Elizabeth Philip1 and Dayang Ratnasari Abu Bakar2
1
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
2
Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change

Abstract
Malaysia submitted it second Biennial Update Report (BUR2) in 2018. The BUR is a summary of
the 3rd National Communication and consists of four chapters and one technical annex. The technicalannexes are related to additional information on greenhouse gas inventory. The Report covers an
update on the National Circumstance, Greenhouse Gas Inventory, mitigation actions and their effects,
level of support, constraints, gaps and needs.
The information provided includes anthropogenic emissions and removals of greenhouse gases forthe 2014 with a time series from 1990-2014. Policies relating to emissions reduction and their effects
are reported.
The IPCC 2006 Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Inventories were used to estimate the anthropogenic
emissions and removals. Efforts have been taken to compile a more complete and accurate GHG
inventory in this report. One of the improvements is the inclusion of estimates of precursor gases (NOX,
CO, NMVOCs and SO2) for the 2014 GHG inventory. The estimate has enabled indirect N2Oemissions from the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in NOx and NH3 to be estimated.
Improvements in energy sector included disaggregation of activity data for each category. This has
enabled the difference between the sectoral and reference approach estimates of CO2 to be below 5%.
Disaggregation of the emissions from civil aviation was also undertaken.
For the IPPU sector, new categories namely the electronics industry and glass production were
included in the estimation. For AFOLU, emissions from liming in agriculture and emissions fromcropland converted to settlement were included from 1995 onwards. For the waste sector, biologicaltreatment of solid waste, incineration and open burning of waste were estimated. Emissions fromindustrial wastewater treatment from petroleum refineries and pulp and paper were included in the
BUR2.
Malaysia provided Summary table for GHG Inventory, sectoral and sectoral background tables,
cross-sectoral tables for indirect emissions of N2O and trends of gases. Tables were also provided forlevel and trend assessment of GHG inventory for 2014 and its uncertainty analysis.
Malaysia also provided information on mitigation actions and their effects, assumptions,
methodology and progress in a tabular format. Constrains and gaps, needs and financial, technical andtechnological support needed were also presented in a tabular format.
Activity data and use of country specific emission factors remains a challenge besides capacity need.

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3. Abstract

Brief summary of Viet Nam’s BUR2
Tran Thi Bich Ngoc, Ly Viet Hung
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmentof Viet Nam.

Abstract
In pursuance of Decision No.2/CP.17 dated March 15th, 2012 of the 17th Conference of the Parties
to the UNFCCC, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the National Focal Point of theGovernment of Viet Nam to implement the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement as well as
the Standing Office of the National Climate Change Committee, in coordination with the line
ministries and agencies has developed the Second Biennial Updated Report of Viet Nam (BUR2) tosubmit to the UNFCCC with sponsorship from such international organizations as GEF and UNEP.
Vietnam submitted BUR2 in November 2017 to UNFCCC with base year 2013 for National
Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Inventory. Main contents of Viet Nam‘s BUR2 included 05 Chapters:
National Circumstances, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Mitigation Actions, Measurement,
Reporting and Verification System, Needs for Finance, Technology, Capacity Building and Support
Received and annexes.
The institutional arrangement for implementing the 2013 National GHG inventory in accordancewith the National GHG Inventory System is provided in Decision No. 2359/QD-TTg dated December
22nd, 2015 by the Prime Minister. Viet Nam has highlighted its initial establishment of a greenhousegas inventory system as well as a BUR construction system in the report. In 2013, the total
GHG emission in Viet Nam was 259.0 Mt CO2e with LULUCF sector and 293.3 MtCO2e
without LULUCF sector. The GHG emission in Energy sector is 151.4 MtCO2eq, Industrial
processes sector is 31.8 MtCO2e, Agriculture sector is 89.4 MtCO2e, Waste sector is 20.7 MtCO2e,
GHG removals in LULUCF sector is 34.2 MtCO2e.
Based on the estimated emission of 2013, Vietnam has proposed mitigation action and effects such
as Cross-sectoral mitigation actions and Mitigation actions by sectors. The report also presented
obstacles and barriers on Timely and sustainable funding, Familiarity with reporting requirements,
Data collection and verification, Human resources and capacity, Coordination among relevant
institutions.
The development of the BUR2 was successful to contribute Viet Nam’s efforts as a developing
Party to the UNFCCC as well as represent our determination and active actions to respond to climatechange. The report also shows our contributions to implementing the Paris Agreement, joining theinternational community to fulfill the ultimate goals of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement that aim
at keeping global average temperature rise at the end of this century to below 2oC above pre-industrial
levels.

References/ Publications
1. MONRE, The Second Biennial Updated Report of Viet Nam to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, 2017.
2. MONRE, The 2013 National Greenhouse Gases Inventory Report, 2017.

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Brunei Darussalam’s Second National Communications
Muhammad Nabih Fakhri Matussin
Brunei National Energy Research Institute (BNERI), Brunei Darussalam
Muhammad Herman bin Abdullah Sebi
Ministry of Transport and Infocommunications, Brunei Darussalam

Abstract
Brunei Darussalam’s Second National Communications was submitted in 2017. This comprises thenational inventory of GHG for the year 2014 and measures representing policy and actions that
contribute to reduction of GHG and address climate change impact during this period. GHG emissions
were estimated using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories. Emission estimates
were based on the sectoral and reference approaches and were made using the default conversion andemission factors provided for in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The Tier 1 methodology was used foremission estimates.
In 2014, Brunei Darussalam’s gross GHG emissions (excluding Forestry) totalled 11.19 million
tonnes CO2e. Inclusive of Forestry which contributed to about 2.84 million tonnes CO2e, net emissions
were approximately 8.35 million tonnes CO2e. Energy sector was the most dominant source ofemissions, accounting for about 10.98 million tonnes CO2e. Within the Energy sector, energy industries(electricity generation) was the most significant (5.35 million tonnes CO2e), followed by fugitive
emissions from oil and gas activities (3.79 million tonnes CO2e), transport (1.38 million tonnes CO2e),
manufacturing industries and construction (0.38 million tonnes CO2e), and residential sector (0.09
million tonnes CO2e). Waste sector emitted about 0.152 million tonnes CO2e, which was mainly fromsolid waste disposal sites. IPPU emitted 0.029 million tonnes CO2e, and Agriculture and Land Use
produced 0.026 million tonnes CO2e.
Given Brunei Darussalam’s vulnerability to climate change impacts, the government has developedand implemented plans and actions to build and enhance resilience and adaptation to the adverse
impacts of unusual and extreme weather and climate events. These include developing Strategic
National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2012-2025 (SNAP), putting emphasis on coastal andflood protection in terms of structural and non-structural infrastructure measures, safeguarding forestry
and biodiversity, and protection of water resources.

References
Brunei Darussalam’s Second National Communications, 2017.

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3. Abstract

3.3 Session II
Overview Chapter and General Guidance and Reporting Volume Overview
Kiyoto Tanabe
Co-Chair, IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Abstract
A new Methodology Report titled the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019 Refinement) was adopted/accepted by the IPCC in May 2019. It
refines the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines)
to provide an updated and sound scientific basis for supporting the preparation and continuous
improvement of national greenhouse gas inventories. The 2019 Refinement does not revise the 2006
IPCC Guidelines, but updates, supplements and/or elaborates the 2006 IPCC Guidelines where gaps
or out-of-date science have been identified. It does not replace the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, but should
be used in conjunction with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The so-called “Katowice Climate Package” which was adopted by the UNFCCC COP24/CMA1 in
December 2018 to operationalize the Paris Agreement stipulates in the decision 18/CMA.1: “EachParty shall use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and shall use any subsequent version or refinement of the
IPCC guidelines agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to
the Paris Agreement.” The 2019 Refinement may be considered by the Parties to the UNFCCC/Paris
Agreement in this context.
The 2019 Refinement consists of 5 volumes. The Volume 1 is about general guidance and reporting.
It contains new guidance on implementation of a national inventory management system (Chapter 1);
new guidance on activity data collection, development of country-specific emission factors andintegration of greenhouse gas emissions reported from facilities into national inventories (Chapter 2);
updated guidance on uncertainty assessment with more default values, calculation examples and bestpractices (Chapter 3); updated guidance on key category analysis to address treatment ofdisaggregation of categories and simplification of the equation to calculate trend assessment (Chapter4); updated guidance on how to ensure time series consistency (Chapter 5); new guidance on use andreporting of models and updated guidance on comparisons with atmospheric measurements (Chapter6); updated methodological guidance on indirect CO2 inputs to the atmosphere from emissions ofcarbon-containing compounds (Chapter 7); and updated guidance on reporting (Chapter 8).

References/ Publications
IPCC 2019, 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
(Advance version subject to final copyedit and layout is available on the website shown below.)
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe
K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.

Access to relevant information
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
https://unfccc.int/documents/193408
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Overview on Energy Volume in 2019 Refinement
Songli ZHU
Energy Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission, China

Abstract
All methodological updates made in the 2019 Refinement are in the fugitive emissions categories.
No methodological updates were made for stationary combustion, mobile combustion, or other sources
other than fugitives.
Fugitive CH4 and CO2 emissions from mining, processing, storage and transportation of coal:
The 2019 Refinement includes guidance on fugitive CO2 emissions from underground and surface
mines including CO2 from methane utilization or flaring from underground coal mines. The 2019
Refinement adds year-specific default input values for fugitive CH4 emissions from abandoned
underground mines for 2017 through 2050 (previously the series of default values ended at 2016).
Fugitive emissions from oil and natural gas systems: The 2019 Refinement includes updates toemission factors to reflect the range of technologies and practices in use, including for unconventional
oil and gas exploration. Additional detail on the appropriate selection of factors considering
technologies and practices in place is provided. The 2019 Refinement includes methods and emission
factors for abandoned wells. An annex provides guidance on converting activity data inputs to thestandard conditions applicable to the emission factors presented. Another annex provides data thatallow compilers to disaggregate factors into venting, leak, and flaring sources. As terminologies fortechnologies and practices can vary, an annex is provided with definitions for key terms.
Fugitive emissions from fuel transformation: The 2019 Refinement includes a new section on
fugitive emissions from fuel transformation, including methods for fugitive emissions from charcoal
production, bio-char production, coke production (including flaring), gasification transformation
processes (coal to liquids, and gas to liquids), and methods in Appendix (biomass to liquids, biomass
to gas, and wood pellet production). These have been appropriately cross-referenced with Volume 3(IPPU) and Volume 4 (AFOLU).
Basis for future methodology development: since lack of sufficient scientific knowledge, a section
on a basis for future methodological development is presented in the Appendix for fugitive emissions
from abandoned surface mines and from coal exploration, and fugitive emissions from fueltransformation, i.e. wood pellet production, biomass to liquid and biomass to gas.
Disagreements on the IPCC-49 which adopted and accepted the 2019 Refinements: someparties were unhappy by “inconsistency in the treatment of oil and gas exploration and coal
exploration”. They argued that since the section of coal exploration locates in the Appendix, the section
for oil and gas exploration should be in the appendix as well, which was opposed by other parties andexpert team. In the end, the documents were approved and accepted by using the Principle 10 (b) of
the Principles Governing IPCC Work.

References/ Publications
1. IPCC TFI. Overview of 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories.
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/06/19R_V0_01_Overview_advance.pdf
2. Energy Volume of 2019 refinement.
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/19R_V2_advance.zip
3. IPCC. Principles governing IPCC work. 2018.
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/09/ipcc-principles.pdf
4. IPCC. “Decision IPCC-XLIX-9: Adoption and Acceptance of the Methodology Report “2019 Refinement to
the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”. 2019.
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/05/IPCC-49_decisions_adopted.pdf
5. ENB. “Summary of the 49th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-49): 8-12 May
2019”.
http://enb.iisd.org/climate/ipcc49/

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3. Abstract

An Overview of the Industrial Processes and Product Use Volume of the 2019
Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Deborah (Debbie) Ottinger
Climate Change Division, U.S. EPA, United States

Abstract
At the 49th Session of the IPCC in May 2019, the IPCC adopted and accepted the 2019 Refinement
to the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, following a two-and-a-half-year
effort by the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) to prepare the guidance. The
2019 Refinement includes updates or new guidance for nine industrial processes. These reflect therecognition of new source categories and emissions mechanisms, technological changes that havealtered emission rates for existing source categories, and improved understanding of emission rates forexisting source categories. This presentation will provide an overview of the updates included in the
Industrial Processes and Product Use Volume of the 2019 Refinement. Both the reasons for the
updates and the most important features of the updates will be discussed. Special emphasis will begiven to the updated guidance for production of fluorochemicals, aluminium, rare earths, andelectronics.

References/ Publications
2019 Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Access to relevant information
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/2019-refinement-to-the-2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhousegas-inventories/

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2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Waste Sector Overview
Sirintornthep Towprayoon
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand

Abstract
Volume 5 of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories devoted to waste sector. There are 4 chapters that are refined including Chapter 2- Waste
generation, composition and management data, Chapter 3 -Solid waste disposal, Chapter 5 Incineration and open burning of waste and Chapter 6 -Waste water treatment and discharge. The typesof refinements in this volume are ‘update’ and ‘new guidance’.
In Chapter 2, key refinements are the update of waste generation and waste composition in the year
2010 by country and regional level according to UN classification. These two parameters are key
parameter used in FOD model and can change over time. Parties can construct proper 10 years’
historical time series by using Table 2A.1 (updated) with the information in the year 2000 from 2006
IPCC guideline and year 2010 from 2019 Refinement. The updated waste composition by country andregional level are presented with the additional components of garden waste and nappies in Table
2A.2(New). Clarification of Definition of sludge and estimation of degradable organic carbon (DOC)
values include default values of carbon nitrogen content and DOC of domestic and industrial sludge
are provided.
Chapter 3 focuses on new categories of SWDS including semi-aerobic (managed poorly) and active
aeration (well managed and poorly managed) with provision of their MCF values. Default data on
fraction of DOCf by types of waste are updated. This allow parties to choose DOCf that fit with country
waste types. This Chapter also provides guidance on estimation of DOC lost with leachate from SWDS.
In Chapter 5, new technology on thermal treatment of MSW including pyrolysis, gasification andplasma are defined to increase understanding of thermal treatment. Their default emission factor ofCH4 and N2O, to the current knowledge, are presented. In addition, default value of oxidation factor
in percent of carbon input of MSW open burning is updated
Chapter 6 provides guidance and definition of wastewater treatment system including introductionof new and improved default values and emission factors with association of GHG emission
mechanism from wastewater treatment (including sludge treatment that occurs within the WWTP).
This Chapter updates N2O emissions from domestic wastewater including centralized treatment plants
and industrial wastewater.

References/ Publications
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe
K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan
2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

1919

3. Abstract

2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines: Volume 4 (AFOLU) Overview
Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Senior Programme Officer, Technical Support Unit for the IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories

Abstract
Volume 4 of the 2019 Refinement provides guidance for preparing national greenhouse gas
inventories in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector that have to be appliedin conjunction with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The
refinements are made in all chapters of the volume except chapter 9 (Other Land).
Major refinements include updated and elaborated guidance (e.g., application of Tier 3 methods;
developing consistent time series for forest land), new guidance (e.g., estimation of the change incarbon (C) stock of mineral soils associated with biochar amendment (Tiers 2 and 3); estimation of thechange in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in cropland (additional Tier 2); estimation of CH4 emissions
for flooded land) and new and updated default data (e.g., for biomass and soil; emission factors andparameters for enteric fermentation, manure management, direct and indirect N2O emissions from soil).
The presentation will provide more details on the refinements made in the Volume 4.

References/ Publications
IPCC 2019, 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
(Advance version subject to final copyedit and layout is available on the website shown below.)
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe
K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.

Access to relevant information
Access to relevant information
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
https://unfccc.int/documents/193408

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

3.4 Session III
The Status of Reporting of Fluorinated Gases in Asia:
Emissions, Methods, and Gaps
Elsa Hatanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
Under the newly adopted Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs) (Annex to 18/CMA.1) forthe enhanced transparency framework of the Paris Agreement, the reporting of HFCs, PFCs, SF6, andNF3 have become mandatory, but with room to apply the flexibility clause if capacity is lacking.
Preparation is needed to report, with the first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR) to be submitted by
the end of 2024.
Another backdrop to keep in mind is the fact that the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol,
adopted in October of 2016, will be controlling HFCs as well, through the phase down of production
and consumption. With this, three groups of countries now have different phase-down schedules set
out for HFCs. Although the reporting of F-gases such as HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3 are currently notmandatory for UNFCCC Non-Annex I countries, the F-gas emissions are expected to keep rising, anddealing with these gases is becoming increasingly important.
Roughly half of WGIA countries are currently reporting such F-gases. The attempt to do so by eachcountry is similar across the gases. Of those, some at least partially cover a time-series of data - more
so for PFCs, followed by HFCs and SF6, and further behind, NF3. This may be due to PFCs occurringfrom a limited number of sources, making it easier to acquire data for estimation.
Regarding estimation methodology, where available, reports indicated HFC methodology to be more
based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines than the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines/GPG. This was similar forboth PFCs and SF6. For NF3, the sole country that reported emissions chose to use the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines methodology. However, we would need to be mindful that the sample size of WGIA
countries reporting F-gases is not large.
Here, the emissions for HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3 for WGIA countries were also compiled, andseveral observations were made. It was noted that there were isolated peaks in emissions for certain
years when reporting took place. It was also noted that the size of emissions were quite different
between the gases, with HFCs being over and above the largest, with PFC emissions and SF6 emissions
following behind. NF3 was far more smaller than the above-mentioned gases. It was also noted that itis difficult to evaluate consistency across years within one country’s reporting when there was no timeseries data.
However, it was observed that comparison between HFC/PFC/SF6/NF3 emissions within one
country, during one reporting, and comparison across countries for the same inventory year might beuseful. It was also noted that comparison with other estimates (e.g. Global Emissions EDGAR) mightalso be useful, while bearing in mind that various assumptions are made to prepare the estimates. It
was also noted that although other sources of estimates have uncertainties, reported emissions also
seem unstable at times, as observed in some recalculations made from previous submissions.
Indonesia, as a Non-Annex I Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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3. Abstract(UNFCCC), has fulfilled one of its commitments to implement the Convention by presenting its First
National Communication in 1999, Second National Communication (SNC) in 2010, First Biennial UpDate Report in 2016, and Third National Communication (TNC) in 2017. Following Decision 2/CP.17,
Indonesia has submitted its second Biennial Update Report (second BUR) in 2018. One of information
provided is National GHG Inventory which presented the information on greenhouse gas emissions
and trends between 2000 and 2016.
Indonesia has estimated some sources of F-gases, namely CF4 and C2F6, which released in theprocess of aluminium production. The other sources of F-gases are subject to be estimated in the next
periods of reporting, including the biggest sources of F-gases, i.e. refrigeration and air conditioning.
Also, the F-gases used in products will be estimate for improvement.
The most challenging issue for preparing the other sources of F-gases is the availability of activity
data needed to estimate the GHG emissions from product uses as substitutes for Ozone Depleting
Substances (ODS). All ODS used in Indonesia is imported. The import ODS has been identified,
however it could not be distinguished either the ODS used in the new products or substituted the oldones.
Some efforts have been established to address the challenge, i.e. by identifying the activity data for
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning in the new products. There is possibility to collect the data basedon the survey established by DG of Renewable Energy (Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources) toestimate the uses of F-gases in stationary AC. Furthermore, for mobile AC, there is also opportunity
to collect the data since all mobile AC service centers has been certified and registered.
Other improvement for the future is to identify the other sources of F-gases, i.e. SF6 for electricity
transformer (category of 2G1b in Inventory GLs 2006), SF6 used in sport shoes, and SF6 used infoam blowing, fire protection, aerosol propellant, and others.

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Overview of F-Gases Inventory in Indonesia
Abstract

Directorate General of Climate Change
Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Indonesia

Indonesia, as a Non-Annex I Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), has fulfilled one of its commitments to implement the Convention by presenting its First
National Communication in 1999, Second National Communication (SNC) in 2010, First Biennial UpDate Report in 2016, and Third National Communication (TNC) in 2017. Following Decision 2/CP.17,
Indonesia has submitted its second Biennial Update Report (second BUR) in 2018. One of information
provided is National GHG Inventory which presented the information on greenhouse gas emissions
and trends between 2000 and 2016.
Indonesia has estimated some sources of F-gases, namely CF4 and C2F6, which released in theprocess of aluminium production. The other sources of F-gases are subject to be estimated in the next
periods of reporting, including the biggest sources of F-gases, i.e. refrigeration and air conditioning.
Also, the F-gases used in products will be estimate for improvement.
The most challenging issue for preparing the other sources of F-gases is the availability of activity
data needed to estimate the GHG emissions from product uses as substitutes for Ozone Depleting
Substances (ODS). All ODS used in Indonesia is imported. The import ODS has been identified,
however it could not be distinguished either the ODS used in the new products or substituted the oldones.
Some efforts have been established to address the challenge, i.e. by identifying the activity data for
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning in the new products. There is possibility to collect the data basedon the survey established by DG of Renewable Energy (Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources) toestimate the uses of F-gases in stationary AC. Furthermore, for mobile AC, there is also opportunity tocollect the data since all mobile AC service centers has been certified and registered.
Other improvement for the future is to identify the other sources of F-gases, i.e. SF6 for electricity
transformer (category of 2G1b in Inventory GLs 2006), SF6 used in sport shoes, and SF6 used in foam
blowing, fire protection, aerosol propellant, and others.

2323

3. Abstract

Institutional Arrangements for the U.S. Inventory of Fluorinated GHGs
Deborah (Debbie) Ottinger
Climate Change Division, U.S. EPA, United States

Abstract
In the US, fluorinated GHG emissions are tracked from 11 source categories. This includes six
source categories where fluorinated GHGs are emitted due to their use as substitutes for ozonedepleting substances (ODSs): refrigeration and air conditioning, foam blowing agents, fire suppression,
aerosols, sterilants, and cleaning solvents. It also includes five other industrial source categories where
fluorinated GHGs are emitted either as by-products or due to their use in manufacturing: productionof aluminium, electronics, HCFC-22, and magnesium, and production and use of electric transmission
and distribution equipment. Data sources for these estimates include facility-level reporting, national
statistics, and input from trade associations, among other sources, and models are used to develop
estimates for many fluorinated GHG source categories. This presentation will provide an overview of
the US institutional arrangements for developing the US inventory of emissions of fluorinated GHGs,
focusing on the wide variety of data sources and data gathering arrangements used, the logistics ofmodel maintenance, estimate development, and report compilation, and the history of these efforts.

References/ Publications
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2017

Access to relevant information
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2017

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Estimation Methodology for RACs in the 2006 IPCC Guidelinesand 2019 Refinement
Kiyoto Tanabe
Co-Chair, IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Abstract
Refrigeration and air-conditioning (RAC) is one of the major application areas of fluorinatedsubstitutes for ozone-depleting substances (ODS substitutes). It may be classified into 6 subapplication domains or categories, namely: (i) Domestic refrigeration; (ii) Commercial refrigeration;(iii) Industrial processes including chillers, cold storage, etc; (iv) Transport refrigeration; (v) Stationary
air conditioning; and (vi) Mobile air-conditioning systems.
Estimation of F-gas emissions from RAC is generally challenging for inventory compilers since it
is more complicated as compared to that for many other sources of greenhouse gases. This isparticularly because of the considerable time lag between consumption and emission of refrigerant, orin other words, because of the necessity to take account of the “bank”.
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines)
provide the following three methods to estimate emissions from RAC (Chapter 7 in Volume 3).
Tier 1: Use of spreadsheet calculation tool
Tier 2a: Emission factor approach
Tier 2b: Mass balance approach

If RAC is a key category, either Tier 2a or 2b should be used. Moreover, even if RAC is not a key
category, inventory compilers may conclude Tier 2 provides more value with little extra work ascompared to Tier 1.
The 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019
Refinement) include refinements of Chapter 7 in Volume 3 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. In the 2019
Refinement, the methodological framework (e.g., equations to estimate emissions) remains unchanged
from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, but more helpful “cook-book” style guidance has been added so thatinventory compilers can implement Tier 1 or Tier 2a methods in a few simple steps. The 2019
Refinement also provides updated data/information including updated default emissions factors forTier 2a method.

References/ Publications
IPCC 2019, 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
(Advance version subject to final copyedit and layout is available on the website shown below.)
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe
K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.

Access to relevant information
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html

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3. Abstract

3.5 Session IV
Requirements for national inventory report as part of the biennial transparency
report under the enhanced transparency framework of Paris Agreement
William Kojo Agyemang-Bonsu
United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, Bonn, Germany

Abstract
The Paris Agreement adopt by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate inParis in November 2015 and entered into force in record time of one year, is acclaimed by many, as a
momentous multilateral agreement. The largest part of the rule book for the Paris Agreement which
lays out the modalities, procedures and guidelines for implementation of the agreement was formallycompleted and adopted in December 2018. This presentation looks at the current and ongoingmeasurement, reporting and verification arrangements under the Climate Change Convention vis-àvis the transparency framework under the Paris Agreement, drawing on the parallelism between them,and with particular focus on the requirements for national inventory report – a component of thebiennial transparency report under the enhanced transparency framework of the Paris Agreement.

References/ Publications
None

Access to relevant information
None

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GASES INVENTORY IN ALGERIASIDI MOUSSA Mohamed
Engineer within National Waste Agency, Algeria

Abstract
To give a global and representative overview of the inventories of greenhouse gases in Algeria, ourpresentation will be communicated as follows: an overview on Algeria, an overview on the national
waste agency and the climate change department, national communications of Algeria, inventories ofgreenhouse gases, climate change policy.
Algeria is a country of North Africa and the Mediterranean which covers an area of 2,381,741km2,
it is at the same time the largest country of Africa, the Arab world and the Mediterranean basin. Like
the countries of its region, Algeria is particularly affected by desertification and land degradation, fromwhich the Sahara accounts for 80% of the total area. The areas of the territory receiving more than 400
mm of rain per year are limited to a band of up to 150 km deep from the coast. In addition, due toclimate change, rainfall has fallen by over 30% in recent decades, in addition to recording the highest
temperatures on the planet.
With a population of about 43 million (2018), 85% of this population is concentrated in the northernpart of the country, making them more vulnerable to the hazards of climate change.
National Waste Agency (AND) is a state company under the supervision of the Ministry of theEnvironment and Renewable Energies, created in 2002, its mission is the promotion of integrated waste
management, the agency also has a climate change department.
North Africa is one of the regions most impacted by climate change. Given this fact, Algeria is
working to gradually integrate the environmental dimension into its development process.
In this context, Algeria has:
- Signed the UNFCCC as a Party not included in Annex 1 in 1993,- Ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2004,- Submission of the Second National Communication 25 November 2010,- Signed and ratified the Paris Climate Agreement (April and October 2016).
Because of its extreme vulnerability to climate change from both a natural and economic point ofview, Algeria has decided to base this strategy on two main pillars:• Guarantee the country's sustainable development;• Mitigation of GHG emissions.
This national strategy is divided into several major sectorial programs, namely:• Creation of the National Agency for Climate Change (ANCC),• Sector Policy Program for Integrated Water Resources Management,• National Energy Control Program (PNME),• National Integrated Municipal Waste Management Program (PROGDEM),• Creation of the National Waste Agency (AND),• National Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (PAN-LCD),• Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Program.

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3. Abstract

Thailand Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory System
Sivach Kaewcharoen
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Thailand

Abstract
With support of the Australian Government, Thailand is currently establishing the Thailand
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory System (TGEIS), a software-based system to enable data input
and estimation from the five sectors. Lead agencies from the five different sectors will compile theactivity data and check the quality of the data before submitting it to ONEP. ONEP will enter the data
into the system (TGEIS) which will calculate the GHG emissions. ONEP will be in charge of managing
and maintaining the TGEIS which is expected to be fully implemented in 2020. This IT system will
support the preparation of future GHG inventories. However, templates and guidelines for datacollection from the line agencies within the five sectors are still lacking as well as guidelines for thelead agencies to assess the quality of collected data.
Thailand's climate change efforts are led by the National Committee on Climate Change Policy(NCCC), which was established by the Government in 2006 and is chaired by the Prime Minister. The
NCCC is responsible for national climate change policy and strategy, determination of national
positions in international negotiations under the UNFCCC as well the monitoring and evaluation of
the implementation of policies and strategies by government agencies. The NCCC comprises ofrepresentatives from 12 ministries, as well as other governmental agencies such as the Bureau of
Budget as well as a group of nine experts. Work in the NCCC is conducted through its four subcommittees on 1. Climate Change Policy and Planning Integration, 2. Climate Change Knowledge andDatabase 3. Climate Change Negotiation and International Cooperation and 4. Action for Climate
Empowerment and Public Relations. Under the Subcommittee Climate Change Knowledge andDatabase, five sectoral working groups were set up to review the GHG inventory and provide
recommendations on which Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems are suitable forthe country. The Office of Natural Resource and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), under
the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE), serves as secretariat to thissubcommittee.
Currently, standardized templates for data collection only exist for the lead agencies of the different
sectors but not for the multiple line agencies below them. In each of the sectors, more than ten agencies
are involved in the data collection; in the Energy sector even 20 different agencies are involved.
Consistent and comparable GHG emission data are preconditions for a robust and transparent GHG
inventory and will, through common quality requirements, also enable further improvements in data
quality over time. As of now, agency is using different formats for the collection of activity data whichburdens the sectoral lead agencies and most importantly ONEP, as coordinating agency, to harmonize
the data and compile the overall GHG inventory to input data for estimation by the Thailand
Greenhouse Gas Inventory System (TGEIS).

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIESThe Energy Balance Table of JapanDr.RyoRyoEtoEto
The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, Japan

Abstract
The energy balance table of Japan is used in various ways such as monitoring the energy market,
energy security analysis, planning for sustainable development, mitigation of environmental impact ofenergy, analysis of economic opportunities from new technologies, energy planning and policy
formulation, reporting Japan’s energy supply and demand to IEA, reporting Japan’s energy-related
CO2 emissions to UN, and ensuring transparency framework in the Paris Agreement.
The energy balance table of Japan is built from an energy statistics table and conversion factors by
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ). Theenergy statistics table is a compilation of energy supply and demand data which were mostly based onnational statistics. Sources of primary information on supply are customs, energy importers andexporters; and companies involved in the transformation sector such as oil refineries and power plants.
Sources of information on demand are survey and sales data collected from energy companies. A
conversion factor table is used so that all energy sources are comparable in a uniform energy unit. CO2
emissions can be calculated multiplying emission factors of each fuel to the energy balance table. The
conversion factors and emission factors are reviewed and surveyed once per five years in Japan mainly
from energy producers and consumers.
The energy balance table is reviewed and checked in three ways. First, the relation between supply
and demand is checked. Total primary energy supply cannot be less than total final energy consumption
and statistical difference cannot be larger than acceptable amount. Second, transformation efficiency
should be technically acceptable values. Third, the energy balance table should be checked with timeseries and compared with previous year’s balance. Normally, a reasonable change rate is expected andif there is any huge change, underlying reasons should be determined.
With the constant change of domestic and international circumstances, the efforts have been madeto revise and improve the energy balance table of Japan. Primary data has been revised and as energy
situation in Japan has been changing. Also, the requirements from the users and internationalorganization has changed. As a result, the energy balance table has contributed to important energy
and environment policy decisions including actions to contribute the transparency framework in the
Paris Agreement.

Access to relevant information
The Energy Balance Table of Japan

https://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/statistics/total_energy/

2929

3. Abstract

FAO support to address Transparency in Agriculture
Mirella Salvatore
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Abstract
The Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs) were defined in Katowice to provide clear
guidance for the implementation of the Enhanced Transparency Framework of the Paris Agreement.
It is evident that developing countries will need to reinforce their own national system formeasurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) and assess the extent to which they might need to be
updated and improved to meet the ETF requirements. In particular, based on the FAO NDC analysis,
the Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector is cited by a large number of countries
even though it also clearly stated that the monitoring and reporting of the sector is one of the mostchallenging and consequently their ability of tracking results.
Therefore, it is important that countries are aware and make best use of the available international
opportunities to support the establishment and consolidation of the MRV system in the AFOLU sector.
In this context, FAO designed an AFOLU programme under the GEF Capacity Building Initiativeon Transparency funds that consists of three main components - Institutional Arrangements, MRV andM&E, and coordination, dissemination and knowledge sharing – to be delivered with a combinationof.
1) stand-alone tools and guidance designed to help countries to overcome the challenges posedby the ETF in the agriculture sectors;2) pilot actions aimed at validating and refining the tools while stimulating country-level
capacities to comply with ETF in the agriculture sectors;3) dissemination of knowledge and tools across a wide range of platforms and networks andcoordination with other transparency practitioners to ensure a broad outreach.
Finally, in order to improve the means of support, FAO is eager to learn more from countries about
the main challenges and bottlenecks in the AFOLU sector to make countries ready to develop the first
Biennial Transparency Report by 2024.

References/ Publications
GEF, 2016. Programming Directions for the Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency, Working
Document at 50th GEF Council Meeting, Available at https://www.thegef.org/council-meetingdocuments/programming-directions-capacity-building-initiative-transparency

Access to relevant information
FAO Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture programme: www.fao.org/in-action/micca/
FAO CBIT-AFOLU programme: https://www.cbitplatform.org/projects/global-cbit-afolu
CBIT Global Coordination Platform: https://www.cbitplatform.org/
The national greenhouse gas inventory for agriculture:https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=327
The national greenhouse gas inventory for land use: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=4533030CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Use of atmospheric GHG observations for comparison with inventories
Abstract

Shamil Maksyutov, Tsuneo Matsunaga
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, JapanThe 2019 Refinement to 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories mentions
examples of countries like the UK and Switzerland, where atmospheric concentration measurementsof non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHG) are used to estimate national emissions of those gases and tocompare with national inventory estimates. In both countries, networks of continuous observations
include several tall towers and one background monitoring site. The observations are used in tracer
transport modeling for estimating the emissions of methane and N2O. Emissions of several other gases
such as HFCs are estimated using correlation to better-known tracers such as carbon monoxide. Theseestimates are used to provide additional scientific verification of emission inventory for some of theemission categories and gases and assist in reducing uncertainty, identifying possible sources of errors
and improving inventory procedures. The guidance in 2019 Refinement describes key components andsteps that are applied when using atmospheric measurements and inverse models for comparison withinventory emission estimates as part of an inventory quality assurance and quality control procedures.
Several studies also used satellite data for estimating national emissions, as multiple satellites
monitoring greenhouse gases are now in operation, including Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite(GOSAT) and GOSAT-2 by Japan, and satellite missions by USA, China, Canada and ESA. GOSAT
data were used to estimate methane emissions in USA, China, India and other countries. India’s CH4emissions were estimated for the period 2010–2015 using a combination of GOSAT satellite, surface
and aircraft data (Ganesan et al, 2017). They applied a high-resolution atmospheric transport model tosimulate data from these platforms to infer fluxes at sub-national scales and to quantify changes inemissions and found that average emissions over this period are consistent with the emissions reported
by India to the UNFCCC.

References/ Publications
Ganesan, A. L., Rigby, M., Lunt, M. F., Parker, R. J., and coauthors: Atmospheric observations show
accurate reporting and little growth in India’s methane emissions, Nature Communications, 8, 836,
10.1038/s41467-017-00994-7, 2017.

Access to relevant information
Examples of using satellite data for comparison with emissions are summarized in “A Guidebook on
the Use of Satellite Greenhouse Gases Observation Data to Evaluate and Improve Greenhouse Gas
Emission Inventories” published online by NIES:
https://www.nies.go.jp/soc/en/documents/guidebook

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3. Abstract

3.6 Poster Session
Household Appliance Distribution in Lao PDR
BounEua Khamphilavanh
GHG Inventory and Mitigation Division Department of Climate Change,
MoNRE, Laos

Abstract
Based on the 2015 Housing and Population Census, approximately 77% of the rural population
with road access and 88% of the rural population without road access in the Lao PDR use wood astheir primary cooking fuel. The majority of these households cook on open fires using iron tri- pod
pot supports and other forms of traditional cooking devices. Cooking with solid fuels such as firewood
with open fires or traditional stoves have negative effects on health as the smoke from cooking
contributes to high levels of household air pollution, which can lead to a number of deadly diseases.
It also puts pressure on local natural resources such as forests and wooded lands which supply the
firewood.
The main objective of the project is to reduce non-renewable biomass consumption for cooking
and water boiling, therefore reducing greenhouse gas emissions, by introducing a more energy
efficient and highly durable cookstove model in firewood using households in Lao PDR.
The general benefits of the project include reduction of deforestation, impacts of climate change(particularly, mitigate GHG emission. The benefits for the target households include: access todifferent cookstove technologies, improve living standard such as saving labor and time for collecting
fuelwood; less smoke in the kitchen which reduces respiratory disease, particularly among womenand children; and reduced risk of young children falling into open-fire.
The final results of the project can save the household around 50% fuel consumption and generates
2-3 tonnes of CO2 emission reductions per year as compared to cooking with three- stone fires andiron tri-pods.

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Mongolia’s forest land use, land-use change assessment result
Sanaa Enkhtaivan, Dorjzodov Nyamsuren Zolbayar Purevjav and Khongor Tsogt
Environment and Climate Fund of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Abstract
This study presents forest land use, land-use change assessment result for the last 30 years period of
Mongolia. Totally, 123 thousand systematic-random sample points (dot-grids) with two different
density strata, forest 2.25 km x 2.25 km and non-forest 9 km x 9 km were created for the national scale.
A country-specific “survey form” was developed to gather LULUCF information which is consistent
with IPCC guidelines. The assessment design follows certain hierarchical rules in order to reduce
subjective effects on the result for the six land-use categories which are subdivided three to six sub
land-use divisions further.
Totally 0.5 million ha area were changed from certain land-use category to another land out of 156.4
million ha. Grassland converted to Forest was 0.01 million ha, Cropland 0.04 million and Settlement
0.1 million ha. On the other hand, Forest land converted to Grassland was in 0.2 million ha andCropland converted to Grassland was in 0.1 million ha in total.
All land use categories are subject to estimation of GHG emission and removal, though forest land
cover assessments are focused in this study. The country supports two major forest biomes, boreal
forests in the north accounting for 14.2 million ha (87%), dominated by larch and birch; and 2.0 million
ha of saxaul forests (13%), a dryland woodland ecosystem in the southern arid regions of Mongoliathat is considered under national definitions as ‘forest’.
The four type of disturbance were assessed on the 16.2 million ha total forest area and out of which
3.3 million ha, 0.2 million ha, 0.4 million ha and 0.2 million ha were affected by fire/pest, logging,erosion and grazing disturbances, respectively.
A desktop and field quality control assessment results shown 89-95 percent consistency depends on
aggregation level of land use category between result of operators and QC operators.
By using systematic sampling approach on Collect Earth to assess Mongolian land use/land coverarea from high resolution imagery, it gives the possibility to reduce time consuming and costly field
assessment. The results show a high degree of correlation with other national land statistics, and it is a
useful complementary tool to provide necessary land information for the AFOLU/LULUCF sector ofnational GHG inventory as well as for the FRL.

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3. Abstract

The Estimation of Emission Factors of CH4 and N2O by Measurementfrom the Biological treatment of Solid Waste
Yong-seok Kwon, Sung-yeon Yoon, Young-kyu Lee, Seon-gyoo Lee, Sun Lee
Dept. of Climate Change Action, Korea Environment Corporation

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to estimate the emission factor of biological treatment facilities of solid
waste. Using the NDIR, which is a continuous measurement methods, 3 biological treatment facilities,
two are composting type “A” and “B”, the other is anaerobic digestion type “C”.
CH4 average concentration measured from stacks in composting facility “A” was 37.23 ppmv, andN2O was 9.45 ppmv. In the composting facility “B”, the average concentration of CH4 from the stack
was 24.92 ppmv, and N2O was 6.42 ppmv. In the anaerobic digestion at biogas facility “C”, the average
concentration of CH4 from the stack was 118.18 ppmv, and N2O was 18.43 ppmv.
Using measured concentrations, the emission amounts of CH4 and N2O from stacks per year were
calculated. The results were 18.35 kg CH4/day and 12.45 kg N2O/day in the composting facility “A”,
6.81 kg CH4/day and 4.67 kg N2O/day in composting facility “B”, and 82.94 kg CH4/day and 35.19
kg N2O/day in anaerobic digestion facility “C”.
Finally, the emission factors of CH4 in the composting type were calculated using the measured
concentration and the amount of treated wastes, and was 0.19 g CH4/kg wet waste in composting typefacility “A”, 0.17 g CH4/kg wet waste in composting type facility “B”, 0.96 g CH4/kg wet waste inanaerobic digestion type facility “C”. Also, the emission factors of N2O were found to 0.13 g N2O /kg
wet waste in composting type facility “A”, 0.12 g N2O /kg wet waste in composting type facility “B”,
0.41 g N2O /kg wet waste in anaerobic digestion type facility “C”.
We know that in composition type, the emission factors of CH4 are 20 times less than default factor
for CH4 emission from biological treatment for Tier 1 method (IPCC guideline), and the emission
factors of N2O are 3 times less than default factor. In anaerobic digestion at biogas facilities type, theemission factor of CH4 is similar to default factor, but the emission factor of N2O is 10 times higher
than Germany and the Netherlands.

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Development of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor
in Wastewater Treatment Section in Korea
Suk-Beom Kim, Sung-yeon Yoon, Young-kyu Lee, Seon-gyoo Lee, Sun Lee
Dept. of Climate Change Action, Korea Environment Corporation

Abstract
The IPCC recommend to use country-specific emission factor to improve the reliability of thenational greenhouse gas inventory. So, we have been developing country-specific emission factor by
field measurement since 2009. The categories are classified by type of treatment in domestic
wastewater treatment. Methane (CH4) and Nitrous oxide (N2O) are the GHG (Green House Gases)
generated from domestic wastewater treatment facilities, according to IPCC Guidelines waste sector.
Since 2000, advanced treatment ratio in domestic wastewater treatment has increased rapidly
reaching to 96.5% for 2017 in Korea. The ‘A2O’ type is the most used method type based on thecapacity of facility among the types of advanced treatment method currently.
In this contents, we reflected the measurement result of one facility (call ‘A’) as an example ofdevelopment procedures of emission factor made by field measurement. ‘A’ facility uses ‘A2O’ typefor domestic waste water treatment method.
We use U.S. EPA’s ‘Dynamic Chamber Method‘ for measuring system of GHG. Floating typechamber (which captures sample gases) and NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared Red) analyzer (whichmeasures concentration, temperature and pressure) are used for measuring.
As a result of measurement, the emission factor of ‘A’ facility became 0.01158 kg CH4 / kg BOD,
0.0130 kg N2O / kg T-N.
As for the method of measuring GHG, further studies in various aspects (such as seasonal difference,treatment type difference, etc.) are need to be done.

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3. Abstract

Observation of the GHG by GOSAT satellite, aircraft
and ground-based monitoring
Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil Maksyutov, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Nobuko Saigusa
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
Measurement of greenhouse gases is essential for complying with the international agreements tomitigate climate change due to emission of these gases. Basically, the emissions and sink of these gases
are important for this purpose but what remains in the atmosphere is easily measurable by groundbased, airborne or spaceborne techniques and can give indications of their emissions or sinks. The
ground-based observations are very limited in number covering limited regions over the globe.
Therefore, observations with airborne or spaceborne instruments can overcome the limitations ofground observations. Satellites can observe the globe with higher frequency and coverage.
Greenhouse gas observing satellite (GOSAT) has been observing greenhouse gases since 2009
providing almost a decade of observations. These observations are helping in inverse estimates of theemissions and sinks of these trace gases and regional to country scale emission monitoring using otherstatistical methods. NIES, Japan and collaborating institutes conduct ground-based monitoring inseveral sites in Japan and Asia and operate measurements on passenger airplanes by Japan Airlines(CONTRAIL project). The data from multiple platforms are used in atmospheric transport modelingto estimate regional emissions in Asia. With GOSAT satellite observations, Janardanan et al (2016,2017) have demonstrated the capability to monitor emissions of CO2 and CH4 from continental regions
independently by comparing observations to high-resolution transport model simulation. Their results
indicated regional biases in the CO2 (~20% lower over East Asia) and CH4 (~30% overestimation in
East Asia and 30% underestimation in North America) emissions in ODIAC (CO2) and EDGARv4.2(CH4) inventories respectively. A further update of this method, which includes improved transportmodel simulation, for country scale monitoring is presented for Asia. In this analysis, the methane
emissions from India, China and the middle East countries are estimated and compared to the EDGAR
4.3.2 inventory.

References
Janardanan, R., and coauthors (2016), Comparing GOSAT observations of localized CO2enhancements by large emitters with inventory-based estimates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 3486–3493,
doi:10.1002/ 2016GL067843.
Janardanan, R and coauthors (2017), Assessment of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions over Large
Regions Based on GOSAT Observations and High Resolution Transport Modeling. Remote Sens. 9,
941.

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Preparation of Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Trends in GHG Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
Under Article 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter, Convention) and relevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties, the Annex
I parties including Japan (i.e. developed countries) are required to prepare national greenhouse gas(GHG) inventories and submit them to the Secretariat of the Convention. Moreover, Article 7 of the
Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures, which provides for domestic measures under
the Convention, requires the Government of Japan to annually estimate and make public Japan’s GHG
emissions and removals.
In accordance with these Articles, the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) develops
the GHG inventory in cooperation with private consultant companies under a contract with the
Ministry of the Environment. Before preparing GHG inventories, GIO collects data from relevant
ministries, agencies and organizations to estimate emissions and removals. Based on these data
together with other data from different publications, GIO then compiles the GHG inventory.
Japan’s total GHG emissions in FY2017 were 1,292 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2)equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.; the same shall apply hereafter).
This is a decrease of 8.4% (119Mt CO2 eq.) when compared to the FY2013 emissions (1,410 Mt
CO2 eq.), mainly because of the decrease in energy-related CO2 emissions due to the decrease in energy
consumption owing to energy conservation, and the increase in the share of non-fossil fuels within thedomestic energy supply brought by the wider adoption of renewable energy such as solar and wind
power and the resumption of nuclear power plant operation, despite the increase in hydrofluorocarbon
emissions.
This is also a decrease of 6.5% (90 Mt CO2 eq.) when compared to the FY2005 emissions (1,382
Mt CO2 eq.), mainly due to the decrease in energy-related CO2 emissions due to the decrease in energy
consumption owing to energy conservation, despite the increase in hydrofluorocarbon emissions.

Access to relevant information
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/index-j.html

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

4

Report on Mutual Learning Session
4.1 Overview of the Mutual Learning

Mutual Learning (ML) is an activity to improve the individual countries’ inventories through thefollowing series of processes: 1) exchanging inventories between two countries; 2) learning from apartner’s inventory; and 3) exchanging comments on each other’s inventories. The primary purpose of
the ML is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of methods and data for GHG
emission/removal estimation between two countries and by exchanging comments on the methods anddata. The ML is also expected to foster and strengthen a cooperative relationship among GHG
inventory experts. Since the aim of the ML is not criticism or audit, participants can conduct a twoway communication, not a one-way communication like an examiner versus an examinee.
The first Mutual Learning was held on the Waste sector between GIO and Korea Environment
Corporation (KECO) in the annual workshop in 2008. The Secretariat of WGIA introduced this activity
in WGIA8 held in 2010. With the participants’ agreement, ML has been held in the following WGIAs
as one of the sessions.
Table 4.1.1 History of Mutual Learning

GeneralEnergy2008-2010
2010

WGIA8

2011

WGIA9

-

2012

WGIA10-2013

WGIA11-

2014

WGIA12-

2015

WGIA13

JapanVietnam

2016

WGIA14-2017

WGIA15-2018

WGIA162019

WGIA17

IP
Agriculture
LULUCF
Trial implementation Japan- Korea

Waste

Introduction to ML (with hands-on training)

China
Singapore

IndonesiaMongolia--

CambodiaThailand
Lao PDRThailand
IndonesiaMyanmar

IndonesiaJapan--

BruneiKorea
MongoliaVietnam
IndiaVietnam
ThailandJapan

MyanmarMalaysia

IndonesiaVietnam
ChinaMyanmar
ChinaMongolia
IndonesiaLao PDR

-

-

-

-

-

Cambodia
Philippines*Reporting from Vietnam with comments from experts

JapanLao PDR-

IndonesiaCambodiaKorea
ChinaKorea
MalaysiaVietnam

Vietnam*-

CambodiaMongolia
IndonesiaLao PDR
Lao PDR Myanmar-

KoreaMyanmar
MongoliaThailand
ChinaPhilippines
JapanLao PDR

Participants
In December 2018, the WGIA Secretariat advertised the ML to the participants of WGIA, andreceived applications from 17 groups from 13 parties. Considering the participants’ potential interestsand knowledge, an appropriate balance among sectors, and the feasibility of implementation, the
WGIA Secretariat set up three pairs (China and Singapore on General sector, Thailand and Japan on
Energy sector, and Cambodia and the Philippines on Agriculture sector).
Preparation
A few months before WGIA17, the chosen participants in the ML submitted the materials of their39
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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session
inventories to the WGIA Secretariat, including worksheets used for estimating emissions and reports
describing details of methodologies, and exchanged the materials with their partner countries throughthe Secretariat. Through studying the materials provided by the partner country, the participants foundgood points, such as advanced methodologies and well institutionalized inventory management
systems, as well as unclear points and issues to be improved in the partner’s inventory. Thus,
participants wrote such findings as comments and questions to their partner countries onto “Question
and Answer Sheets”. After that, the “Question and Answer Sheets” were shared with the partnercountries through the Secretariat. The partner countries responded to these comments and questions
before WGIA17 took place.
Table 4.1.2 Preparation Process of Mutual Learning
Process
Schedule
Material submission
Late May to middle of June 2019
Material exchange
Early June to middle of July 2019
Studying the materials
June, July 2019
Comment exchange
Late June to July 2019
Answers to comments
July 2019
Sessions
30th July 2019
Sector
GeneralEnergyAgriculture

Table 4.1.3 Submitted Materials for the ML
Country
Inventory
China
BUR2 in 2018, NC3 in 2018
Singapore
BUR3 in 2018, NC4 in 2018
ThailandThird NCJapan
2019 NIR
Cambodia
Draft of National GHG inventory
the Philippines
Drafted Agriculture sectoral report 2010

Discussions
In the WGIA17, three ML sessions were organized and implemented (General, Energy andAgriculture) to discuss sector-specific issues based on preliminary comment exchanges. In order toencourage a frank discussion and to ensure confidence, these sessions were held as closed-door
discussions.
In these sessions, participants discussed their counterpart's inventory and national system, sharing
their own technical issues (e.g., data collection, adoption of emission factors, national system, etc.)with the partner to overcome the obstacles, and clarifying matters in their own inventory which shouldbe improved. Through the discussions, they recognized that the inventories of participant countries
have been continuously improved by adopting the methodologies of the 2006 IPCC GLs. Closely
studying the improvement of not only methodology of the counterpart countries’ inventories but also
their national systems for data collection and quality assurance/quality control, participants found hints
for improvements of their own inventories. To enhance further opportunities to learn from othercountries’ inventories, participants expressed their hope for continuous implementation of the ML
programme in future WGIAs.
The points of discussions and outcomes of each individual ML session are summarized in thefollowing sections (4.2 - 4.4).
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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

4.2 Cross-cutting Issues (F-gases related matters)
Sector Overview
China and Singapore participated in the ML session on cross-cutting issues (F-gases related matters).
The general information for the two countries is as shown in Table 4.2.1 below.
Table 4.2.1 Sector Overview for the ML on Cross-Cutting Issues (F-Gases-Related Matters)
China
Singapore
National total GHG
11,186,000
50,908emissions (kt-CO2-eq., with (in 2014, BUR2018)(in 2014, BUR2018)
LULUCF)GHG emissions of
291,000
1,635
Fluorinated Gases (kt-CO2- (in 2014, BUR2018)(in 2014, BUR2018)eq.)
Responsible agency for theinventory

Ministry of Ecology andEnvironment

National Environment
Agency (NEA)

Estimation methodology

1996 IPCC GLs and GPG(2000), 2006 IPCC GLs,
Tier 1/Tier 2
IPCC default values andCountry-specific values
Official statistics

2006 IPCC GLs, Tier 1/Tier 2

Source of emission factors
Source of activity data

IPCC default values andcompany-specific data
National sources

Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA17, the partner countries exchanged their documents
relevant to cross-cutting issues (F-gases related matters) through the Secretariat approximately twomonths before the workshop. The documents exchanged were as follows:
China- National GHG Inventory, Accounting & Reporting in China- Regulations and Institutional Arrangements for Collection, Compilation and Reporting of FluorinatedGas in China- Reporting of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Emission of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning in
BRs/BURs- Summary and analysis report on the schedule and mitigation potential for HFCs phasedown in China
Singapore- Singapore’s Institutional Arrangement (in General)- Mandatory energy management requirements brochure
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, the countries studied them and submitted questions
and comments to the partner country approximately a month before the workshop. The classificationand the number of questions are as follows.

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session
Table 4.2.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on Cross-Cutting Issues (F-GasesRelated Matters)
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Singapore to from
China
to
China
Singapore
National system
40Inventory compilation processes
2
3
Data collection procedure
4
6
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
1
1
Others32
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’ preparationof GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and experience was shared to seek options and solutions:
1) Challenges are faced in acquiring Tier 2a activity data for certain sub-applications.
2) Challenges are faced in collecting and estimating activity data for the historical time-series.
3) Production/consumption data of F-gases, including HFCs for the inventory is based on surveys
of voluntarily provided data from enterprises and expert estimation.
➢Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:China1) The leading department invited experts who were not involved in the preparation of theinventory to carry out independent analysis and review of the inventory methodologies andresults.
2) In order to improve information from enterprises, meetings of relevant enterprises are convened
to raise awareness about how to fill out survey forms.
3) Some historical statistics can be utilized for F-gas estimations in academic research, that will
inform inventory making in the future.
4) Good collaboration is established between academic institutions/industry/government in thecollection and compilation of HFC data.
Singapore1) Quality control checks are done on inventory emission estimations, and audits are conducted
on companies’ Emission Reports.
2) Taxable companies covered under the Carbon Pricing Act are required to provide a monitoringplan to NEA and their Emission Report would be verified by a third-party verifier.
3) A quality assurance team, that is not involved in the collection and compilation of the GHG
emissions, conducts a review of the inventory compilation process.
4) An interim Tier 1b study on HFC emission estimation for refrigeration and air-conditioning(RACs) was conducted to improve the coverage and reporting of F-gases.
5) There is a structured and organized team of GHG compilers for the national inventory.
➢ Follow-up Activities
The following was identified as a possible follow-up activity:42
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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES
1) Participate in ML again to report progress of the identified issues.
➢ Suggestions for Future MLs
The participants’ suggestions for future ML were as follows:
1) Uncertainty assessment2) Time-series consistency
Table 4.2.3 Participants in the ML on Cross-Cutting Issues (F-Gases-Related Matters)
PartiesName
Organization
Institute of Energy Environment and Economy, Tsinghua
Prof. Tong Qing
University
China
College of Environmental Science and Engineering,
Ms. Yixi Li
Peking University (CESE-PKU)
Ms. Rohaya Saharom
Mr. Lek Kong Wan
Ms. Diane Peng
Singapore

Ms. Winnie Chia
Mr. Ng Sir Sing
Ms. Alyssa Ng
Ms. Kylie Liu

Facilitators
and Resource
persons

National Environment Agency (NEA)

Ms. Elsa Hatanaka(Facilitator)
Ms. Eriko Hirata(Sub-facilitator)

Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources(MEWR)
National Climate Change Secretariat (NCCS)

GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Dr. Takefumi Oda
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe(Resource person)
Ms. Moeko Yoshitomi(Workshop organizer)

IPCC TFI co-chair; CGE member
Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ)

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

4.3 Energy Sector
Sector Overview
Thailand and Japan participated in an ML session on the Energy sector. General information of thetwo countries is shown in Table 4.3.1 below.
Table 4.3.1 Sector Overview for the ML on the Energy Sector
ThailandJapan
National total GHG
232,560 (in 2013, NC3)
1,234,291 (in 2017,
emissions (kt-CO2-eq., with
NIR2019)
LULUCF)GHG emissions in the236,936 (in 2013, NC3)
1,137,031 (in 2017,
Energy sector (kt-CO2-eq.)
NIR2019)
Responsible agency for the
Office of Natural Resources Ministry of the Environment
inventory
and Environmental Policy(MOEJ)and Planning (ONEP)
Estimation methodology
1996 IPCC GLs
2006 IPCC GLs
Source of emission factors
IPCC default values andIn principle, country-specificcountry-specific net
values and partially IPCC
calorific values
default values
Source of activity data
National Statistics
National Statistics
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA17, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to the Energy sector before and during the workshop. The exchanged documents were as
follows:
Thailand- Data collection form and work sheet of IPCC Inventory Software 2.54, 2013
- Excel files with estimation worksheets of an older IPCC Inventory Software, 2013 (provided during
the session)Japan- Japan. 2019 National Inventory Report (NIR)- Japan. 2019 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided questions
and comments to their partner country before and during the workshop. The classification and thenumber of questions are summarized in Table 4.3.2.

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES
Table 4.3.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on the Energy Sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Japan
from Thailand
to Thailand
to JapanAcquisition of activity data
20Adoption of emission factors or parameters22
Estimation methods
43
Institutional arrangement
10
Others10Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’ preparationof GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and Solutions / Outstanding Issues
Some issues were pointed out through the ML as follows:
1) Default carbon EFs are applied for key categories.
2) Limited information is provided regarding which EFs are applied: 1996 IPCC GLs, 2006 IPCC
GLs or CS.
3) Limited information is provided regarding what fuels are consumed by vehicle type in roadtransport.
4) Data on landing/take-off cycles by aircraft type are not available.
- Consider utilizing ICAO data (distance on international flights, fuel consumption)5) Uncertainty of AD should be considered.
➢Good Practices
Some good practices were pointed out through the ML as follows:
1) Country-specific net calorific values are applied.
2) Consumption and NCV of biomass-blended fuels are collected and used.
3) The IPCC Software is used to verify their own estimation.
4) Time-series data are available from 2000 to 2013, including the base year of NDC, 2005.
5) Recalculation was done in TNC from SNC.
6) The 2006 IPCC GLs will be applied for the next BUR.
- The default value of EF in the fugitive emission category will be changed from the 1996 to
the 2006 IPCC GLs.
- Bio-fuel will be separated from gasoline and diesel.
7) Although emissions of manufacturing are aggregated in TNC, disaggregated data are available
from 2000.
➢ Follow-up Activities
Participants proposed as a possible follow-up activity, participation in ML again to know othercountries’ experiences.

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

PartiesThailandJapan

Resource
personObservers

Table 4.3.3 Participants in the ML on Energy Sector
Name
Organization
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental
Mr. Sivach Kaewcharoen
Policy and Planning (ONEP)
Sirindhorn international institute of technology (SIITDr. Pornphimol Winyuchakrit
TU)
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka(Facilitator)
Ms. Akiko Tanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)(Facilitator)
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi(WGIA Secretariat)
Mr. Masaaki Nakamura
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.
(Resource person)
Mr. Taiki Mizushima(Workshop organizer)
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan(MOEJ)Mr. Akira Yoshida(Workshop organizer)

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4.4 Agriculture Sector
Sector Overview
Cambodia and the Philippines participated in an ML session on the Agriculture sector. The general
information of the two countries is shown in Table 4.4.1 .
Table 4.4.1 Sector Overview for the ML on the Agriculture Sector
Cambodia
the Philippines
National total GHG-457 (in 2000, NC2)
21,767 (in 2000, NC2)
emissions (kt-CO2-eq.,with LULUCF)
GHG emissions in the
18,962 (in 2017, submitted
27,488 (in 2010, submitted
Waste sector (kt-CO2-eq.) documents)
document)
Responsible agency for the General Secretariat of National Climate Change Commission
inventory
Council for Sustainable
Development,
Organization in charge ofPhilippines Statistics Authority
Department of Climate Change (PSA)
Agriculture sector
Estimation methodology
Tier 1 and Tier 2 of the 2006 Tier 1 of the 2006 IPCC GLs
IPCC GLs
Source of emission factors Country-specific emission
IPCC default values
factors and IPCC default values
Source of activity data
National statistics andNational statistics and Special
Literature data
studiesMaterials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA17, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to GHG emission estimation of the sector with each other one and a half months before theworkshop. The exchanged documents were as follows:
Cambodia:- 3A-3C6-Livestock.xlsx- 3C1-Biomass burning (1).xlsx- 3C2-3C3-3C4-3C5-Crop cultivation.xlsx- 3C7-Rice cultivation.xlsx(All the above are spread sheets for the draft of the National GHG Inventory)
the Philippines:- [Draft] Agriculture GHG Inventory Report - Philippines
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided questions
and comments to their partner country approximately two weeks before the workshop. The
classification and the number of the questions are shown in Table 4.4.2.

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session
Table 4.4.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on the Agriculture Sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of question
from the Philippines from Cambodia to
to Cambodia
the Philippines
Acquisition of activity data
64Adoption of emission factors or parameters
05Estimation methods
110Institutional arrangement
0
1
Others1
1
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’ preparation of
GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and solutions / Outstanding issues
The main issues discussed in the session were as follows:
1) Development of the improvement plan (data collection gaps, methodology used) for
Agriculture2) Capacity building for transparency such as technical training/workshop, webinar for datacollection and analysis between data users and providers
3) Development of CSEF and parameters for more accurate reporting4) Estimation done for a single year5) Application of Tier 2 Methodology to emissions from rice paddy fields
6) The lack of QC➢Good Practices
Good practices of the participant countries’ inventories were pointed out as follows.
Cambodia:
1) Application of the 2006 IPCC GLs
2) Estimation of emissions for the whole time series3) Use of spread sheets including explanation of methodology for the purpose of transparency
4) Establishment of CSEF of manure management (swine)
the Philippines:
1) Application of the 2006 IPCC GLs
2) QC plan in place
3) Preparation of a Sectoral GHG Inventory report independently4) Availability of most activity data to the public through an online database maintained by thenational statistics office5) GHG Inventory management and reporting system institutionalized➢Follow-up activity
The following was proposed as a possible follow-up activity:
1) Application of CSEF based on IRRI data and use of enhanced characterization for livestock
species2) Participation in ML again to report progress of the identified issues3) Monitoring of the gaps of technical capacity and time series data based on the improvement
plan in place4) Search/comparison/confirmation of the available EF and related parameter data that suit the48
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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES
country’s situation➢Suggestions for future ML
Suggestions for future ML from participants were as follows.
1) Information exchange on how to reflect mitigation action in the inventory2) Continuous communication with other countries for sharing data and best practiceParties

Table 4.4.3 Participants in the ML on the Agriculture Sector
Name
Organization
Title
Mr. Sophal Leang
Ms. Reasey Phoeuk
Ms. Baroda Neth

Cambodia

Mr. Kamal UY
Dr. Sam Ang Chea
Mr. Chivin Leng
Ms. Sotheavy Meas

Ms. Faith Lea B.
CabreraMr. Polaris CochingthePhilippines Bautista
Ms. Manuela S.
NalugonMr. Hiroshi Ito(Facilitator)
Dr. Midori Yanagawa(Facilitator)
Facilitators Mr. Hiromi Yoshinaga
and(Facilitator)
Resource
Mr. Takashi
persons
Morimoto(Resource person)
Mr. Kazumasa
Kawashima(Resource person)
Mr. Taiki Mizushima(Workshop organizer)
Observers
Mr. Akira Yoshida(Workshop organizer)

Department of Climate Change,
General Secretariat of National
Council for Sustainable
Development,
Ministry of Environment (MoE)
General Directorate of
Administration for Nature
Conservation and Protection,
Ministry of Environment (MoE)
Dept. Planning and Statistics,
Ministry of Agriculture Forestry
and Fisheries (MAFF)
Environment and Natural
Resources Accounts Division,
Macroeconomic Accounts
Service,
Philippine Statistics Authority
(PSA)

Head
Vice Head
Deputy Director
Deputy Director
Deputy Director of
Department
Deputy Director of
Department
Deputy Director
Statistical Specialist II
Senior Statistical
Specialist
Supervising Statistical
Specialist
GHG Inventory Expert

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Officeof Japan (GIO)

GHG Inventory Expert
GHG Inventory Expert

Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting Co., Ltd. (MURC)

Ministry of the Environment,
Government of Japan (MOEJ)

49
49

Chief Analyst
Chief Analyst
Chief Official
Environmental Expert

Annex I: Agenda

CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Annex I: Agenda
The 17th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA17)- Capacity building for measurement, reporting and verification Period: 30th July – 2nd August 2019
Venue: Concorde Hotel (Singapore)

8:30-9:00
9:00-12:30
SectorCombination ofParticipating Countries
Room
Facilitator

Day 1: Morning, 30h July 2019
Registration
Mutual Learning (Closed sessions: only for countries participatingin the session, facilitators, resource persons, rapporteurs and the
WGIA Secretariat)
EnergyThailand – Japan

Gallery 2
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
Ms. Akiko Tanaka (GIO)
Rapporteur
Mr. Hiromi Yoshinaga (GIO)
Note: Mutual learning sessions are closed sessions in order to secure confidentiality of
information so that countries participating in each mutual learning session can provide
unpublished information. Therefore, only participating countries in each session, facilitators,
resource persons and the WGIA Secretariat can enter each of the rooms. In addition,
facilitators and resource persons will be registered in advance and receive confirmation ofparticipation from the countries engaging in mutual learning and the WGIA Secretariat.
12:00-14:00 Lunch (at Studio 3)
Day 1: Afternoon, 30th July
13:00-16:00
Mutual Learning (Closed sessions: only for countries participating(14:00-17:30)
in the session, facilitators, resource persons, rapporteurs and the
WGIA Secretariat)
Sector
GeneralAgriculture
Combination ofSingapore – China
Cambodia - Philippines
Participating Countries
Room
Gallery 1
Gallery 2
Facilitator
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Mr. Hiromi Yoshinaga (GIO)
Ms. Eriko Hirata (GIO)
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Rapporteur
Mr. Hiromi Yoshinaga (GIO)
Mr. Hiromi Yoshinaga (GIO)

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Annex I

8:30 - 9:00
9:00 – 10:40

9:00 – 9:10
9:10 – 9:25
9:25 – 9:35
9:35 – 9:45
9:45 – 10:10
10:10 – 10:40
10:40– 12:00

10:40 – 10:45
10:45 – 11:00
11:00 – 11:15
11:15 – 11:30
11:30 – 12:00
12:00 – 13:30

Registration
Opening Session

Day 2: Morning, 31th July

Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Concorde Ms. Rohaya Saharom (Singapore) Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Ballroom
Welcome Address
Mr. Taiki Mizushima, Low
Carbon Society Promotion
Office (MOEJ)
Welcome Address
Mr. Suresh K (Singapore)
Japan’s Achievement on Climate Change
Mr. Akira Yoshida, Low
Carbon Society Promotion
Office (MOEJ)
Overview of WGIA17
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Questions and Answers
All
Group Photo & Tea BreakSession I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial
Update Reports (BURs) from non-Annex I Parties
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Concorde Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Ballroom (AB/ IPCC TFI)Introduction to the Session
Dr. Midori Yanagawa (GIO)
Malaysia’s 2nd BUR: What’s New?
Dr. Elizabeth MP. Philip(Malaysia)
Brief Summary of Viet Nam’s BUR2
Ms. Ngoc Thi Bich Tran
(Vietnam)
Brunei Darussalam's Second National
Mr. Muhammad Nabih Fakhri
Communications
Matussin (Brunei)
Questions and Answers
All
Lunch (at Concorde 3)

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

17:00 – 17:30

Day 2 Afternoon, 31th July
Session II: Introduction to the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Concorde Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Ballroom
Overview Chapter and General Guidance and Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI;
Reporting Volume Overview
CGE)
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Energy Volume Overview
Prof. Zhu Songli (LA; Energy
Research Institute, NDRC)IPPU Volume Overview
Ms. Deborah Ottinger (CLA;
USEPA)
Waste Sector Overview
Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon(CLA; AB; King Mongkut’s
Univ. of Technology Thonburi)
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
AFOLU Volume Overview
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav(AB; IPCC TFI)
Refinements in Rice Paddy Fields, Livestock, Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Crop Residue Burning and Others(AB; IPCC TFI) on behalf of Dr.
Sumana Bhattacharya (LA; AB;
IORA Ecological Solutions)
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll
Tea BreakSession III: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from non-Annex I Parties
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Concorde Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Ballroom
TFI; CGE)
The Status of Reporting of Fluorinated Gases Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
in Asia: Emissions, Methods, and Gaps
Overview of F-gases Inventory in Indonesia
Ms. Ratnasari (Indonesia)
Development of National System of the F-gas Ms. Deborah Ottinger (USEPA)
Inventory in the USA
Estimation Methodology for RACs in the
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI;2006 IPCC Guidelines and 2019 Refinement
CGE)
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All

19:00 – 21:00

Welcome Reception hosted by Singapore

13:30 – 15:30

13:30 – 13:45
13:45 – 13:50
13:50 – 14:05
14:05 – 14:20
14:20 – 14:35
14:35 – 14:50
14:50 – 15:05
15:05 – 15:20

15:20 – 15:30
15:30 – 16:00
16:00– 17:30

16:00 – 16:15
16:15 – 16:30
16:30 – 16:45
16:45 – 17:00

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Annex I
9:00 – 12:15

9:00 – 9:05
9:05 – 9:35

9:35 – 9:50
9:50 – 10:15
10:15– 10:45
10:45 – 11:00
11:00 – 11:15
11:15 – 11:30
11:30 – 11:45
11:45 – 12:15
12:15 – 13:30
13:30 – 15:00

Day 3 Morning, 1st August
Session IV: National GHG Inventory Data and Systems for theTransparency Framework Under the Paris Agreement
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Concorde
Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB/Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Ballroom
Bogor Agricultural
University)
Introduction to the Session
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)
Requirements for National Inventory Reports as
Mr. William AgyemangPart of the Biennial Transparency Report Under
Bonsu (UNFCCC)
the Enhanced Transparency Framework of Paris
Agreement
National Greenhouse Gases Inventory in Algeria Mr. Mohamed Sidi Moussa(Algeria)
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll
Tea BreakThailand Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory
Mr. Sivach Kaewcharoen
System (TGEIS)(Thailand)
The Energy Balance Table of Japan
Dr. Ryo Eto (IEEJ)FAO Support to Address Transparency in
Dr. Mirella Salvatore (FAO)
Agriculture
Use of Atmospheric GHG Observations for
Dr. Shamil MaksyutovComparison with Inventories(NIES)
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Lunch (at Concorde 3)
Day 3 Afternoon, 1st August

Poster Session
Room: Foyer
15:00 – 16:30 Wrap-up Session
Room: Concorde
Chair: Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)
Ballroom
15:00 – 15:15
Summary of the Mutual Learning Sessions
Mr. Hiromi Yoshinaga(GIO)
15:15 – 15:30 Discussion
All
15:30– 15:45
Tea Break
15:45 – 16:00
Summary of the Plenary Sessions
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
16:00 – 16:10 Discussion
All
Closing Remarks
16:10 – 16:20
Closing Remarks
Ms. Rohaya Saharom(Singapore)
16:20 – 16:30
Closing Remarks
Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

17:00 – 18:00

17:00 – 17:30
17:30 – 18:00

9:00 – 10:30
9:00 – 10:30
11:00 –
12:00
12:00 –
17:30

Day 3 Evening, 1st August
Joint Meeting of the WGIA Organizing Committee and Advisory Board(members of the OC and AB, and the WGIA secretariat are requested toattend)Room: Studio 1&2
Chair: Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Review of Activities in WGIA17
OC/AB members
Discussion on Topics for WGIA18
OC/AB members
Day 4 Morning, 2nd AugustInformation Session: Reporting Related to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
Room: Studio 1&2
Corresponding Adjustment Under theInterested Participants
Transparency Framework
Lunch (at Concorde 1)
Study Tour, 2nd August
Study Tour – Semakau Landfill

55
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Annex I
Poster Sessions
13:30 – 15:00
Room: Foyer
No.
Topic Title
P-1
7
Emission Reduction Through Improved
Cook Stove (ICS) Distribution ProjectP-2

2

Mongolia’s Forest Land Use, Land-Use
Change Assessment Result

P-3

1

The Estimation of Emission Factors of
CH4 and N2O by Measurement from the
Biological Treatment of Solid Waste

P-4

1

Development of Greenhouse Gas
Emission Factor in Wastewater Treatment
Section (CH4, N2O) in Korea

P-5

4

P-6

2

P-7

6

P-8

7

Climate Change International Technicaland Training Center and ASEAN
Regional Capacity Building Needs
Assessment
Observation of the GHG by GOSAT
Satellite, Aircraft and Ground-based
Monitoring
A Web-Based Climate Inventory andMonitoring System to Track Annual GHG
Inventory and Impacts of Mitigation
Actions for a State in India
Preparation of Japan's National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Trends in
GHG Emissions

Topics:1. Emission factor development (Sector)
2. Remote-sensing and GIS
3. Data collection and statistics
4. International support programme
5. International framework
6. Low carbon society and mitigation measures
7. Others

56
56

Name, Organization
BounEua Khamphilavanh, Ministryof Natural Resources andEnvironment, Laos
Sanaa Enkhtaivan, Dorjzodov
Nyamsuren Zolbayar Purevjav andKhongor Tsogt,
Environment and Climate Fund of
the Ministry of Environment andTourism, Mongolia
Yong-seok Kwon, Sung-yeon Yoon,
Young-kyu Lee, Seon-gyoo Lee,
Sun Lee, Korea Environment
Corporation (K-eco)
Suk-Beom Kim, Sung-yeon Yoon,
Young-kyu Lee, Seon-gyoo Lee, Sun
Lee, Korea Environment Corporation(K-eco)Thawatchai Saengkhamsuk,
Nareerat Thanakasem, Chanyaphak
Wathanachinda, CITC, TGO
Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil
Maksyutov, Tsuneo Matsunaga,
Nobuko Saigusa, NIES
Sumana Bhattacharya, Shweta
Pandey, Swapan Mehra IORA
Ecological Solutions
GIO, NIESAnnex II: List of Participants

CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES

Annex II: List of Participants

CHINA
Ms. Yixi LI
College of Environmental Science andEngineering, Peking University

BY PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES(Alphabetical order by family name)Prof. Qing TONG
Institute of Energy Environment and Economy,
Tsinghua University

BRUNEI
Mr. Muhammad Herman ABDULLAH SEBI
Department of Land Transport, Ministry ofTransport and Info-Communications

Prof. Songli ZHU
Energy Research Institute, National
Development and Reform Commission

Mr. Muhd Nabih Fakhri MATUSSIN
Brunei National Energy Research Institute

INDONESIA
Ms. Rusi ASMANI
Directorate of GHG Inventory and Monitoring,
Reporting, and Verification, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forestry

CAMBODIA
Dr. Sam Ang CHEA
General Directorate of Administrative for
Nature Conservation and Protection, Ministry ofEnvironment
Mr. Sophal LEANG
Department of Climate Change, General
Secretariat of National Council for Sustainable
Development, Ministry of EnvironmentProf. Rizaldi BOER
Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management, Bogor Agricultural Univ.
Ms. Nela Anjani LUBIS
Strengthening Climate Governance of Indonesia
for Implementing the Paris Agreement, GIZ

Mr. Chivin LENG
General Directorate of Administrative for
Nature Conservation and Protection, Ministry ofEnvironment

Ms. RATNASARI
Directorate of GHG Inventory and Monitoring,
Reporting, and Verification, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forestry

Ms. Sotheavy MEAS
Planning and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture
Forestry and Fisheries

Mr. Allan ROSEHAN
Directorate of GHG Inventory and Monitoring,
Reporting, and Verification, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forestry

Ms. Baroda NETH
Department of Climate Change, General
Secretariat for Sustainable Development,
Ministry of Environment

Ms. Rully Dhora Carolyn SIRAIT
Directorate of GHG Inventory and Monitoring,
Reporting, and Verification, Ministry ofEnvironment and Forestry

Ms. Reasey PHOEUKDepartment of Climate Change, General
Secretariat of National Council for Sustainable
Development, Ministry of EnvironmentJAPAN
Mr. Takeshi ENOKI
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.

Mr. Kamal UY
General Directorate of Administrative for
Nature Conservation and Protection, Ministry ofEnvironment

Dr. Ryo ETO
Energy Data and Modelling Center, The
Institute of Energy Economics, Japan
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Annex II
Mr. Yuji MIZUNO
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

Ms. Elsa HATANAKA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Taiki MIZUSHIMA
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office,Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Atsuko HAYASHI
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Takashi MORIMOTO
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. Takahiko HIRAISHI
Counsellor
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

Mr. Masaaki NAKAMURA
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Ms. Eriko HIRATA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Yukihiro NOJIRIGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Naoko IKEDA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Takefumi ODA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Hiroshi ITO
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Akiko TANAKA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Rajesh JANARDANAN ACHARI
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Midori YANAGAWA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Ami KAWAJIRI
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Akira YOSHIDA
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office,Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Kazumasa KAWASHIMA
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. Hiromi YOSHINAGAGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Naofumi KOSAKA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Moeko YOSHITOMI
Ministry of the Environment

Dr. Shamil MAKSYUTOV
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIESLAO PDR.
Mr. Boun Eua KHAMPHILAVANH
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

Ms. Manuela Solatorio NALUGON
Agricultural Accounts Division, Philippine
Statistics Authority

Mr. Bouathong THEOTHAVONG
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Mr. Myeong-Jin KIM
Department of Climate Change Action, Korea
Environment Corporation

MALAYSIA
Ms. Dayang Ratnasari ABU BAKAR
Climate Change Division, Ministry of Energy,
Science, Technology, Environment and Climate
ChangeProf. Seungdo KIM
Dept. of Environmental Sciences andBiotechnology, Hallym University
Mr. Suk-Beom KIM
Department of Climate Change Action, Korea
Environment Corporation

Dr. Elizabeth M P. PHILIP
Climate change Programme,
Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Mr. Yong-Seok KWON
Department of Climate Change Action, Korea
Environment Corporation

MONGOLIA
Ms. Tegshjargal BUMTSEND
Environment and Climate Fund under the
Ministry of Environment and Tourism

SINGAPORE
Mr. Kok Kiat ANG
Resource Conservation Department,
National Environment Agency

Ms. Gerelmaa SHAARIIBUU
Environment and Climate Fund under the
Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Ms. Winnie CHIA
Resource Conservation Department,
National Environment Agency

MYANMARMs. SU SU LWIN
Environmental Conservation Department,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Mr. Mohamed FAIROZ
National Parks Board
Mr. Hassan IBRAHIM
National Parks Board

Ms. THI THI SOE MIN
Environmental Conservation Department,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Mr. Suresh K
Resource Conservation Department,
National Environment Agency

PHILIPPINES
Mr. Polaris Coching BAUTISTA
Environment and Natural Resources Accounts
Division, Philippine Statistics Authority

Ms. Kylie LIU
National Climate Change Secretariat
Ms. Melissa LOW
Energy Studies InstituteMs. Faith Lea B. CABRERA
Environment and Natural Resources Accounts
Division, Philippine Statistics Authority

Ms. Alyssa NG
National Climate Change Secretariat
5959Annex II
Dr. Pornphimol WINYUCHAKRIT
Sustainable Energy & Low Carbon Research,
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology,
Thammasat Univ.

Mr. Sir Sing NG
Ministry of the Environment and Water
Resources
Ms. Diane PENG
Resource Conservation Department, National
Environment Agency

VIETNAM
Mr. Hung Viet LY
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam

Ms. Rohaya SAHAROM
Resource Conservation Department, National
Environment Agency

Ms. Ngoc Thi Bich TRAN
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam

Mr. Ashish SINGH
Energy Studies Institute
Ms. Lorraine TAN
National Parks Board

OTHERS

Mr. Lek Kong WAN
Resource Conservation Department, National
Environment Agency

IPCC TFI
Dr. Baasansuren JAMSRANJAVTechnical Support Unit, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change

THAILAND
Mr. Sivach KAEWCHAROEN
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental
Policy and Planning

Mr. Kiyoto TANABE
Co-Chair, Task Force on National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change

Dr. Budnit LIMMEECHOKCHAI
Sustainable Energy & Low Carbon Research,
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology,
Thammasat Univ.

FAO
Dr. Mirella SALVATORE
Climate and Environment Division, Food andAgriculture Organization

Mr. Thawatchai SAENGKHAMSUKClimate Change International Technical andTraining Center, Thailand Greenhouse Gas
Management Organization

UNFCCC
Mr. William Kojo AGYEMANG-BONSU
Mitigation, Data and Analysis programme,
United Nations Climate Change Secretariat

Ms. Nareerat THANAKASEMClimate Change International Technical andTraining Center, Thailand Greenhouse Gas
Management Organization

USEPA
Ms. Deborah Ann OTTINGER
Climate Change Division,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Dr. Sirintornthep TOWPRAYOON
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi

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CGER-I147-2019, CGER/NIES
BHUTANMr. Tshering TASHI
Climate Change Division,
National Environment Commission Secretariat
Mr. Droddhel ZANGPO
Environment Assessment and Compliance
Division, National Environment Commission
Secretariat
ALGERIAMr. Mohamed SIDI MOUSSA
Direction of Development of the Green
Economy, Climate Change Department,
National Waste Agency
Ms. Hadjila MABED
Climate Change Department, National Waste
AgencyAUSTRALIA
Dr. Shanti REDDY
National Inventory Systems and International
Reporting Branch, Department of theEnvironment and Energy.

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