CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I142-2018

Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA16)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification 10th-13th July 2018, New Delhi, India

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I142-2018

Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA16)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification 10th-13th July 2018, New Delhi, India

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA16)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp
Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
Copyright 2018:
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any
information retrieval system, without permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does
not own the copyrights to the presentation materials contained in this publication.
All copies in PDF format are available from: http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A), in
accordance with the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods
and Services by the State and Other Entities.

Contents

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Foreword .................................................................................................................................... i
Preface ....................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................... iii
Photos of the Workshop ........................................................................................................... v
1
Executive Summary of WGIA16 ................................................................................... 1
2
Workshop Report ........................................................................................................... 3
2.1

Opening Session ........................................................................................................................ 3

2.2

Hands-on Training on Using the IPCC Inventory Software ................................................ 3

2.3

Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) andBiennial Update
Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties and Preparing for the Enhanced
Transparency Framework ....................................................................................................... 4

2.4

Session II: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from Non-Annex I Parties ...................................... 5

2.5

Session III: Data Collection and Archiving ............................................................................ 6

2.6

Session IV: GHG Inventories, Projections, and Related Activities...................................... 7

2.7

Wrap-up Session ....................................................................................................................... 9

3

Abstracts ........................................................................................................................ 11

3.2

Session I ................................................................................................................................... 13

3.3

Session II ................................................................................................................................. 16

3.4

Session III ................................................................................................................................ 19

3.5

Session IV ................................................................................................................................ 24

3.6

Poster Session .......................................................................................................................... 29

4

Report on Mutual Learning Session ........................................................................... 41

4.2

Energy Sector .......................................................................................................................... 43

4.3

Waste Sector ........................................................................................................................... 47

3.1

4.1

Opening Session ...................................................................................................................... 11

Overview of the Mutual Learning......................................................................................... 41

Annex I: Agenda ..................................................................................................................... 51
Annex II: List of Participants ............................................................................................... 57

Foreword

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

The international community now recognizes increases in anthropogenic emissions ofgreenhouse gases (GHGs) as the primary cause of climate change and its impacts. The 5thAssessment Report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in2013 stated that “the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2),methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have all increased since 1750 due to human activity.”
Moreover, many GHG observatories including Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii havedetected that the yearly mean concentration of CO2 had surpassed 400 ppm since 2015. In orderto address mitigation and adaptation to climate change, all of us on the globe must make more
efforts than ever in each of our respective fields.
“Measurement, Reporting and Verification”, abbreviated as MRV, and transparency of
mitigation actions is becoming increasingly important, and in this respect, national GHG
inventories, which provide information on GHG emissions and their trends over time, play a
critical role as a basis for decision makers to design and implement strategies of their countries’
mitigation actions for reducing GHG emissions.
In order to support the enhancement of capacities for national GHG inventories in Asian
countries, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the“Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with thesupport of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). This workshop supports
government officials, compilers, and researchers in the Asian countries to develop and improvetheir GHG inventories through enhancing regional information exchange. The Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), affiliated with the Center for Global Environmental Research(CGER), NIES, has functioned as the Secretariat for this workshop since its first session.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 16th WGIA, which was held from July
10th to 13th, 2018, in New Delhi, India. We hope that this report will be useful for all those whowork in the field of GHG inventories as well as climate change and will contribute to the further
progress of inventory development in Asia.

Nobuko Saigusa

Director
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental StudiesiiPreface
An important lesson that we have learned from the history of the UNFCCC is theimportance of “measurement, reporting and verification” (MRV) and transparency. This
includes measuring the effects of emissions reduction initiatives; reporting the results of themeasurements on the international stage; and verifying the status of reductions. MRV ensures
the transparency and accuracy of reports on each country’s mitigation actions.
For steady implementation of MRV and transparency, it is essential to develop national
systems for preparation of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and to improve theaccuracy of the inventories. In the Paris Agreement, the importance of establishing an enhanced
transparency framework in order to build mutual trust and confidence and to promote effective
implementation, is stated. The purpose of the framework for transparency of actions is toprovide a clear understanding of climate change actions, including clarity and tracking of
progress towards achieving Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions (NDCs) andParties’ adaptation actions to inform the global stocktake. Each Party shall regularly provide anational inventory report and information necessary to track progress made in implementing
and achieving its NDC under the Paris Agreement. Against this background, GHG inventories
are being accepted more and more as being valuable because they support the transparency andaccuracy of implementation of the national mitigation actions.
Since its first session in 2003, WGIAs have contributed significantly to the construction
and consolidation of a network of officials involved in GHG inventory preparation in Asian
countries and other institutes, and to the identification and solution of common issues of
relevant to the inventories.
This time, the 16th WGIA (WGIA16) was held from 10th to 13th July, 2018 in New Delhi,
India. The topics set out for this workshop were based on consideration of the current situationof the member countries, and we hope that this workshop contributes to the improvement of
their inventories.
The outcomes of the WGIA16 are summarized in this report as Proceedings. It is our hopethat this report will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the GHG
inventories of the WGIA-member countries.
In conclusion, we would like to thank all the attendees for their participation and active
contribution to the workshop.
Yukihiro Nojiri

Nobuhiro Kino

ManagerGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Director
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office
Global Environment Bureau
Ministry of the Environment, Japanii
ii

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AB
AD
AFOLU
BR
BUR
CDM
CGE
CGER
COP
CS
EF
EFDB
ETF
FAO
FSV
FY
GDP
GEF
GHG
GIO
GPG
GPG-LULUCF
GWP
IAR
ICA
IGES
INC
INDC
IP
IPCC
IPCC AR4
IPCC SAR
IPCC TFIIPCC TFI TSU
JCM
JICA
LUCF
LULUCF
ML
MOEJ
MRV
MPG
NAI

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIESWGIA Advisory Board
Activity Data
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Biennial Report
Biennial Update Report
Clean Development Mechanism
Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from
Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention
Center for Global Environmental Research
Conference of the Parties
Country-Specific
Emission Factor
IPCC Emission Factor Database
Enhanced Transparency Framework
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Facilitative Sharing of Views
Fiscal year
Gross Domestic Product
Global Environmental Facility
Greenhouse Gas
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change andForestry
Global Warming Potential
International Assessment and Review
International Consultation and Analysis
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Initial National Communication
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
Industrial Processes
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
IPCC Second Assessment Report
IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Joint Crediting Mechanism
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Land-Use Change and Forestry
Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Mutual Learning
The Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Measurement, Reporting and Verification
Measurable, Reportable, and Verifiable
Modalities, procedures and guidelines
Non-Annex I
iii
iii

NAMA
NC
NDC
NIES
NIR
PA
QA
QC
RAC
REDD
REDD+
SBI
SLCF
SNC
TA
TACCC
TNC
TTE
UNFCCC
WGIA
1996 IPCC GLs
2006 IPCC GLs
2019 Refinement

CO2
CH4
N2O
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
NF3
NOX
CO
NMVOCs
SOX
CFCs
HCFCs
ODS
BC
Gg
Mt

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
National Communication
Nationally Determined Contribution
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
National Inventory Report
Paris Agreement
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation indeveloping countries
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, andthe Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests, andEnhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks
Subsidiary Body for Implementation
Short-Lived Climate Forcer
Second National Communication
Technical Analysis
Transparency, Accuracy, Completeness, Comparability andConsistency
Third National Communication
Team of Technical Experts
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeWorkshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Chemical terms
Carbon dioxide
MethaneNitrous oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur hexafluoride
Nitrogen trifluoride
Sum of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Non-methane volatile organic compounds
Sulfur oxide
Chlorofluorocarbons
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
Ozone Depleting SubstanceBlack Carbon
Giga gram (109 g)
Million tonnes

iv
iv

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Photos of the Workshop
Inaugural Address

Special Address

Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Minister of Environment, Mr. Hideki Asari, Charge d'affaires ad interimof Japan, Embassy of Japan in India
Forest and Climate Change, India

VIPs of Opening session
Co-Chairpersons for the Plenary Sessions
Session I
Session II

Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/ TFI)
and Prof. Amit Garg (IIMA)
Session III

Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon(King Mongkut’s Universityof Technology Thonburi) andProf. Kirit Parikh (IRADe)Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (Iora Ecological
Solutions Pvt ltd)
and Dr. Atul Bagai (UNEP)

Session IV

Wrap-up Session

Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi(IGES)

vv

Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri(Manager of GIO, Japan)

Mutual Learning Sessions

Waste sector: Lao PDR - Japan

Energy sector: India - Vietnam

Hands-on Training
in Using the IPCC
Inventory Software(IPCC TFI)

Discussions in the Plenary Sessions

Discussions
in the Poster
SessionInformation Exchanges in Tea Breaks & during Receptionvivi

1. Executive Summary of WGIA16

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

1

Executive Summary of WGIA16

The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES) convened, together with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change(MoEFCC) of India, the “16th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories in Asia (WGIA16)”
from July 10 (Tuesday) to 13 (Friday), 2018, in New Delhi, India.
The annual workshops have been held since 2003 in order to support non-Annex I (NAI) Parties tothe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Asia to develop andimprove their GHG inventories and to facilitate the enhancement of cooperative relationships towards
the improvement of the accuracy of national GHG inventories in the Asian region. This year, in total,
116 participants attended WGIA16, including government officials and researchers from fifteen
member countries (Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Mongolia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), in addition torepresentatives of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Task Force on National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories (IPCC/TFI), Ministry of Economic Affairs of Bhutan, Papua New Guinea Climate
Change & Development Authority, World Resource Institute (WRI), and the Department of theEnvironment of Australia.
Opening Session
India and Japan individually made welcome addresses. The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office ofJapan (GIO) gave an overview of WGIAs. Then, India overviewed the institutional arrangement for
its Biennial Update Report (BUR) and explained that higher tiers were used for many categories. Japan
made a presentation on Japan’s achievements in the field of climate change after the Great East Japan
Earthquake in March 2011.
Additional Secretary of MoEFCC, Charge d'affaires ad interim of Japan of Embassy of Japan inIndia, and Director General of Forest and Special Secretary of MoEFCC gave welcome addresses,
finally, the Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, India made an inaugural address.
Updates on NCs and BURs from Non-Annex I Parties and Preparation for the Enhanced
Transparency Framework
Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, and Korea gave presentations on their submitted National
Communications (NCs) or BURs and reported the most updated information on their emission amount,mitigation activities, and relevant data. Japan also gave a presentation on the Current Status of
Negotiations and Prospects for the Transparency Framework under the Paris Agreement (PA).
The information/experience sharing in this session is important. International Consultation andAnalysis (ICA), especially Technical Analysis (TA) which involves interaction with international
technical experts, is useful to identify areas for the improvement of BUR/NC. Compilers areencouraged to follow the negotiations on the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) under the PA
to better understand the modalities, procedures and guidelines (MPGs).
Fluorinated Gas Emissions from non-Annex I Parties
GIO made a presentation on the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and the status ofreporting by WGIA countries of fluorinated gases. Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore introduced theircurrent methods of estimation or plans for estimation of fluorinated gas emissions.
With the Kigali Amendment entering into force, a closer collaboration between climate change
and ozone experts is imperative, and the consistency between reported HFC production/consumption
and emissions, and the consistency of global warming potentials (GWPs) between Montreal Protocol
and UNFCCC will be useful.

11

1.Executive
Summaryof WGIA16
1. Executive
Summaryof WGIA16

Data Collection and Archiving
Bhutan, Indonesia, Korea and Japan introduced their institutional arrangement and data collection
systems. Korea focused on energy statistics and Japan focused on forestry statistics.
It is important to improve the data collection policy and the quality of tools as well as to improveprimary statistics, for the improvement of the accuracy of the national GHG inventory. The continuityof monitoring and tracking data, as well as that of inventory teams and QA/QC (Quality Assurance
and Quality Control) systems are important as well.
GHG Inventories, Projections and Related Activities
IPCC/TFI/Technical Support Unit (TSU) explained the recent activities of IPCC/TFI, such as thedevelopment of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
inventories (2019 Refinement). Australia introduced its national system for GHG inventory
compilation. Then, NIES presented the emissions projections of GHGs and air pollutants in thetransport sector and stressed the importance of improving national GHG inventories. NIES alsopresented the use of GHG observations by satellites for estimating surface emissions. The National
Institute of Polar Research explained a new observation methodology of Black Carbon (BC), a ShortLived Climate Forcer (SLCF).
It is important to be aware of scientific advancements surrounding GHG inventories and to learn
from advanced systems, and inventory compilers are encouraged to not only wait for inputs fromscience but to think about how they can contribute to science.
Mutual Learning of each sector’s GHG inventories
The participants exchanged materials and questions to learn about the inventory and institutionalarrangements of the counterpart country. For each session, two countries engaged with each other, byfollowing-up on the Q&A which had taken place over the course of two months preceding theWorkshop. In this WGIA, the mutual learning was held on the following two GHG inventory sectors:
Energy sector (India and Vietnam), and Waste sector (Lao PDR and Japan).
Countries applied partly the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and continuously improved their own GHG
inventories. Methodology of the partner country and suggestions for improvement of the status of
institutional arrangement including data collection system and QA/QC system were learned, and thesewere referred for future improvement of their own inventories.
Poster Session
This session was held to share information on institutional arrangements and latest research
results and to deepen the discussion on specific issues. In one-to-one informal discussions, detailed
information on reforming institutional arrangements were exchanged.
Hands-on Training
WGIA16 participants took hands-on training provided by IPCC/TFI on how to use the IPCC
Inventory Software, focusing on Agriculture sector and F-gas sector.

22

2. Workshop ReportCGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

2

Workshop Report

Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Office of Japan (GIO):
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wg16/wg16index-e.html

2.1

Opening Session

The opening session was moderated by Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO), and the rapporteur was Ms.
Atsuko Hayashi (GIO).
The welcome address was delivered by Dr. J. R. Bhatt (Advisor of Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change, India (MoEFCC)), followed by the welcome address delivered by Mr. Nobuhiro
Kino (Director of the Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, Ministry of the Environment, Japan(MOEJ)).
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO) gave an overview of WGIAs. He introduced the historical progress of WGIA
and its participants, agenda and expected outcomes. The expected outcomes of WGIA16 were: Capacity building of GHG inventory preparation of Asian counties
 Enhanced GHG inventories quality for the submission of National Communications andBiennial Update Reports
 Improved understanding of Fluorinated gases emissions from non-Annex I Parties
 Improved transparency of data collection and archiving
 Better understanding of the importance of GHG inventories, through the discussion ofrelationship among GHG inventories, projections, and so on.
Mr. Ito emphasized that an accurate inventory of NCs and BURs will contribute to planning andassessment of the emission reduction target in Nationally Determined Contribution.
Prof. Amit Garg (IIM Ahmedabad, India) made a presentation on preparation of Indian GHG
Inventory. He overviewed the institutional arrangement for Biennial Update Report (BUR) in Indiaand showed that India’s national greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 were 2136.8 Mt CO2eq. He also
explained that higher tiers were used for many categories.
Mr. Takumi Ichikawa (MOEJ) made a presentation on Japan’s Achievement for Climate Change
after the Great East Japan Earthquake. He reported that Japan succeeded in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions for three consecutive years. Japan's GHG emissions were 1,307 MtCO2 eq. in FY2016. In
2015, Japan set an emission reduction target to reduce its GHG emissions by 26.0% below the FY2013
levels by FY2030 in INDC and will continue to make further efforts to achieve the 2030 target.
Dr. A.K. Mehta (Additional Secretary, MoEFCC), Mr. Hideki Asari (Charge d'affaires ad interim ofJapan, Embassy of Japan in India), and Mr. Siddanta Das (Director General of Forest and Special
Secretary, MoEFCC) gave welcome addresses, followed by Dr. Harsh Vardhan (Minister ofEnvironment, Forest and Climate Change, India) who made an inaugural address. He expressed his
appreciation for Japan to hold this workshop. He mentioned that the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Modi,
initiated the Solar Alliance, Mission Innovation and others projects at COP21 and India will achieve
the emission reduction target in 2030 before the target year.

2.2

Hands-on Training on Using the IPCC Inventory Software

Hands-on Training in Using the IPCC Inventory Software was implemented in two break-outgroups: one on Agriculture sector and the other on F-gas sector. Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav(IPCC/TFI/TSU) lectured on Agriculture sector, and Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/TFI) lectured on F-gas
sector.

33

2.Workshop
Report
2. Workshop
Report2.3

Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) andBiennial Update Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties andPreparing for the Enhanced Transparency Framework

This session was co-chaired by Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/TFI) and Prof. Amit Garg (IIMA) andthe rapporteur was Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO).
Non-Annex I Parties shall, as per COP 16 decision, submit national GHG inventories as a part oftheir BURs or NCs every two years. Under such circumstances, the WGIA member countries havesubmitted their BURs and/or NCs. In this session, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Korea
gave presentations about their latest BUR and NCs. In addition, there was a report on the current statusof negotiations and prospects for the transparency framework under the Paris Agreement (PA).
Ms. Sanaa Enkhtaivan (Mongolia) gave a presentation on Mongolia’s BUR1 and Third NC (TNC).
Mongolia’s BUR1 and TNC updated the information contained in the Second NC (SNC) and the first
National Inventory Report (NIR). In these latest submissions, emissions/removals of GHGs fromvarious source and sink categories have been estimated using methodologies that are consistent withthe 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
Mr. Erick Immanuel Sarut (PNG) gave a presentation on PNG’s SNC, BUR1, and TNC. He showed
GHG emissions in SNC, methodology for GHG inventory in BUR1 and TNC, and PNG’s challenges.
PNG’s BUR1 will be submitted in October 2018 and their TNC will be submitted in 2019. The 2006
IPCC Guidelines were used to estimate emissions and removals for the BUR1.
Dr. Hyung-Wook Choi (Korea) gave a presentation on Korea's BUR2. Korea submitted its BUR2
in November 2017. In order to improve the transparency of GHG inventory chapter, Korea provided
more information than that contained in the BUR1 as follows: (1) information on estimation
methodologies such as applied IPCC GLs for specific categories, emission factors including the list of
country-specific emission factors in annex, and Global Warming Potentials (GWPs); (2) GHG
emission trends from 1990 to 2014; (3) GHG emissions by gas; and (4) GHG emissions per capita and
GHG emissions per GDP. The technical analysis took place in March 2018. Korea received 18
questions and comments for the inventory chapter regarding confirmation of categories which usedthe 1996 IPCC GLs, activity data information, the MRV process and timeline, indirect emissions,international bunkers, and uncertainty analysis.
Mr. Takashi Morimoto (MURC) gave a presentation: the Current Status of Negotiations andProspects for the Transparency Framework under the Paris Agreement (PA). He showed that the
Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) under the PA would build on the existing transparency
arrangements under the Convention while integrating the differentiated arrangements between
developed and developing countries. He offered his perspective that the general structure oftransparency and reporting would not change so drastically from the existing arrangements, but thedetails would be enhanced and elaborated.
Discussions in this session were as follows:
In the first discussion, regarding Mongolia’s presentation, it was recognized that experience of theInternational Consultation and Analysis (ICA) process was useful for further improvement towards
the next submission, e.g., Mongolia took note of the importance of notation keys and ‘not estimated’
categories. In the second discussion, Korea’s MRV process on BUR was clarified. The Greenhouse
Gas Inventory & Research Center of Korea conducted MRV for sectoral data and made internal
guidelines for MRV. In addition, improvement from Korea’s BUR1 to BUR2 was shared. Korea
reflected the comments from ICA/BUR1 and from internal experts to strengthen transparency.
In the last discussion, as a future prospect, it was mentioned that timing for applying the newmodalities, procedures and guidelines (MPG) under the PA would probably be in 2024 or later.
44

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES
In this session, the following conclusions were shared with the participants. First, theinformation/experience sharing in this session is important because it helps WGIA countries improvetheir capacities to meet the reporting requirements under the UNFCCC. Then, ICA, especially
Technical Analysis (TA) which involves interaction with international technical experts, is useful toidentify areas for improvement of BUR/NC. Finally, compilers are encouraged to follow thenegotiations on the ETF under the PA to better understand the MPGs. It would be useful to share theinformation on how each country is planning to follow the MPGs at WGIA next year and onwards.

2.4

Session II: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from Non-Annex I Parties

This session was co-chaired by Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (AB/Iora Ecological Solutions Pvt ltd.)
and Dr. Atul Bagai (UNEP), and the rapporteur was Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO).
The session focused on the new requirements under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol,
estimation methodology for fluorinated gases, and challenges/good practices in reporting. A wide
range of national officials/experts gave presentations and participants exchanged views on how toestimate and report F-gas emissions.
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO) made a presentation on the Kigali Amendment and the status of reportingby WGIA countries of fluorinated gases under the UNFCCC. Although the reporting of F-gases suchas HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 is not mandatory for Non-Annex I (NAI) countries, roughly half of WGIA
countries are reporting such gases. The Kigali Amendment will newly be controlling HFCs, but its
mission is to “phase down” production and consumption. Therefore, reducing emissions during theuse of HFC devices, etc. will still be the actions under UNFCCC. It is important to further develop
each country's F-gas inventory.
Dr. Kraichat Tantakarnapa (Thailand) talked about a case study conducted to develop F-gas emission
estimations in Thailand. Although Thailand did not include F-gas emissions in its BUR2, they are
currently analyzing what sources of data might be available. Information from importers/exporters
seem achievable, but challenges are faced with information at the manufactures and end-users of Fgas devices. Promoting understanding is a priority.
Dr. Elizabeth Philip (Malaysia) gave an overview on the estimation of F-gases emitted from the
IPPU sector in Malaysia. For the TNC, Malaysia is starting to collect data for aluminium production,
semiconductors and PVs, mobile air conditioning, and electrical equipment, using the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines/1996 IPCC Guidelines.
.
Mr. Pitt Yu Zhe (Singapore) explained how F-gas emissions from the semiconductor industry in
Singapore are estimated. This industry is the main source for PFC emissions. Companies reportthrough the online system called the Emissions Data Monitoring and Analysis System (EDMA) which
has the 2006 IPCC Tier 2a methodology built into it to estimate emissions. Robustness/completenessof data is checked through inter-agency cooperation mechanisms.
Following the above presentations, some comments were given and questions were raised. Mr.
Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) called for attention to the fact that under the Montreal Protocol, it is the
production and consumption amounts that need to be reported and not the emissions data. He
commented that close collaboration among inventory officers and ozone officers was becoming
increasingly important.
Prof. Mingshan Su (China) raised the issue of what GWPs should be used under the different
reporting schemes, since the Kigali Amendment required countries to use the IPCC-AR4 GWPs for
estimation, but the UNFCCC reporting for NAI countries required the use of IPCC-SAR GWP values.
In response to this, Ms. Hatanaka (GIO) suggested to use IPCC-AR4 GWPs, if possible, to avoid
confusion during compilation.
55

2.Workshop
Report
2. Workshop
ReportRegarding Singapore’s inventory, a question was posed from Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka (NIES) whether
they collected stock and flow data for refrigeration and air conditioning (RACs) as well, and Mr. Zhe(Singapore) responded that a study was currently being conducted on how to estimate emissions from
RACs using IPCC 2006 Tier 1 methodology. Dr. Philip (Malaysia) explained that in their case, they
were starting to collect RAC data to move to Tier 2 in the future.
Regarding Singapore’s online reporting system for companies, EDMA, Dr. Bhattacharya soughtclarification on how company-specific EFs were verified. Mr. Zhe (Singapore) responded thatcompanies were required to provide documents that substantiate the EFs, or could, otherwise, use
factors from e.g. international semiconductor organizations or IPCC defaults.
The participants, led by Dr. Bagai and Dr. Bhattacharya, concluded that with the Kigali Amendment
entering into force, a closer collaboration between climate change and ozone experts was imperative,
and that consistency between reported HFC production/consumption and emissions, and GWPs would
be useful.

2.5

Session III: Data Collection and Archiving

This session was co-chaired by Dr. Sirintornthep Towpryoon (King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi) and Prof. Kirit Parikh (IRADe), and the rapporteur was Ms. Atsuko Hayashi(GIO).
“Data collection” is an integral part of developing and updating a greenhouse gas inventory. So, it
is important to improve the technique of data collection, as it can make the inventory work sustainable
and it can strengthen the accuracy of inventory.
This session was held with the aim of sharing the latest approaches and tools for data collection to
be chosen and developed according to each county’s circumstances.
The first speaker, Mr. Dawa Chogyal (Bhutan) started off the session with a presentation about
Bhutan’s commitment in GHG emissions and laws and policies to support the commitment. He
reported that the total emissions for year 2010 in Bhutan didn’t exceed the total sink from forest land,
and he also told that the minimum coverage of forest was regulated by the law.
The second speaker of Bhutan, Mr. Rinzin Namgay (Bhutan) explained, however, Bhutan’s rapid
economic development with its industrialization and urbanization, which had led to an increase in
GHG emissions in the country. The emission trends since 1999 by sector were shown and the datacollection process for TNC was also introduced. He also mentioned that the online submission anddata archival system enabled activity data to be reviewed once every year, which was seen as one of
the benefits using online data systems.
Dr. Joko Prihatno (Indonesia) gave a presentation on Indonesia’s national GHG data registration &collection system, called SIGN SMART, which was introduced as one of Indonesia's strategies forachieving its NDC’s emission target. He also explained how the system worked. It can simplify thecalculation process and improve the inventory archive system.
Dr. Sung-Kyun Kim (Korea Energy Economic Institute / KEEI) introduced GHG inventory
Management System (GIMS) as well as the compilation process and data sources for Energy statistics
in Korea. He explained how they collected and compiled energy data. He also shared some difficulties
in gathering data appropriate for compiling needs. These included the fact that data provided
voluntarily were at times beyond their control in terms of the raw data collection process and different
criteria used for the raw data. The second part of his presentation was focusing on “GIMS”. He
differentiated “GIMS” from Indonesia’s system, in that “GIMS” was developed to ensure thecompiling process and to make the compiling work sustainable. He described the system with the word“platform” and the functions of the system were introduced, such as automatic calculation andverification function, generating CRF files and tracking revision in data changes.
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The last speaker, Mr. Masaya Nishimura (Forestry Agency of Japan / FAJ) explained how they
developed Japan’s data for the national forest inventory, and emphasized the importance of establishinggood statistics based on the bottom-up data from the forest register. He also explained eachmethodology for collecting different kinds of data, such as detection method for land conversion,
method for developing parameters for calculating living biomass and models for estimating carbon
stock changes in pools of dead wood, litter and mineral soils.
Following the presentations, some comments were given, and questions were raised.
Through the first discussion, Indonesia’s online data registration and collection system was
explained as it applied the methodology of FGD (Focus Group Discussion) to verify data by sector orsubsector before data were imported to the system. Furthermore, activity data they were using wereusually nationally integrated data even if the data were provided in province-base form, which was
integrated to national statistical data. Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/TFI) and Dr. Towpryoon pointed outthat further continuous development would be needed for data collection systems to have flexibility to
be able to adapt to future EF or methodology changes and incorporate QA/QC.
In the second discussion over Korea’s energy data, Dr. Kim clarified that the KEEI was the institutethat provided national energy statistics and submitted them to the Bureau of Statistics. He also
explained that no gaps were currently identified in the energy data, since there were vigorous efforts
to work with voluntary providers, although only part of the data provision from energy importers andproducers were legally bound, and the remaining was voluntarily provided by associations.
In the last discussion, Mr. Nishimura emphasized that the methodology/model should be selectedbased on the data availability.
Dr. Towpryoon, one of the co-chairs of this session, concluded that it was important to improve thequality of data collection policy and tools as well as to improve primary statistics, for the improvementof the accuracy of the national GHG inventory. She also emphasized that continuity in monitoring andtracking data, as well as inventory teams and QA/QC systems were important.

2.6

Session IV: GHG Inventories, Projections, and Related Activities

This session was chaired by Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) and the rapporteur was Ms. Atsuko
Hayashi (GIO).
A wide range of experts gave presentations and participants exchanged views on the interlinkages
between GHG inventories, projections, and related activities.
At the outset, Mr. Hiraishi made a brief introduction of the topics taken up in the presentations andthe agenda.
Mr. Andrej Kranjc (IPCC/TFI/TSU) explained IPCC/TFI's recent activities. Their main focus now
is preparing the “2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories” (2019 Refinement). It is to be completed in May 2019 and is about half way through. He
also introduced recent activities regarding the IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB), the IPCC
Inventory Software, and support for inventory-related capacity building programmes. EFDB was
upgraded to a new version and released in May 2018. The work to incorporate Tier 2 methods into the
IPCC Inventory Software is expected to be completed for all sectors by March 2019.
Ms. Monami Das Gupta (Australia) presented Australia's National Inventory System for GHG
inventory reporting. She first explained Australia’s IT data management system named Australian
Greenhouse Emission Information System (AGEIS) which has built-in emission, QA/QC and CRF
populating functions. The AGEIS has also an archiving function and the data back to 1990 is archived
as one set after submission to UNFCCC each year. She next explained about the National Greenhouseand Energy Reporting scheme (NGER) for Australia which is an important mandatory reporting
system for greenhouse gas emitting companies. Emission projection activities and inventory work for77

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ReportF-gases were presented as well.
Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka (NIES) presented the emissions projections of GHG and air pollutants in thetransport sector and the importance of improving national GHG inventories. He firstly emphasized that
all efforts for all gases and sectors are needed to achieve the 2-degree target under the PA. He alsostressed the importance of the quality enhancement of statistical data for national GHG inventories forthe improvement of emissions projections for CO2 and air pollutants, and also elaborated on possible
methodologies for emission projections.
Dr. Shamil Maksyutov (NIES) presented the use of GHG observations by satellites for estimating
surface emissions. He introduced several specific research results of atmospheric observations bysatellites and models for independent emission estimations and explained their usefulness forcomparison with national inventories. He also mentioned that the use of atmospheric observation databy satellite is one of the ways to complement sparse surface observation networks.
Dr. Yutaka Kondo (National Institute of Polar Research: NIPR) gave a presentation titled “Black
Carbon in the atmosphere: the importance, emission estimates and monitoring”. He explained that
Black Carbon (BC), a Short-Lived Climate Forcer (SLCF), is estimated to be one of the significant
global warming agents, however, there are still large uncertainties in the estimate of its direct radiative
forcing, because the estimates of BC emissions, transportation process of BC, and its impacts are notfully understood. He introduced instruments developed for long-term and automated measurements ofBC.
Regarding the presentation of IPCC/TFI recent activities, Mr. Hiraishi, informed the period for thegovernment and expert review of the 2019 Refinement and recommended participants of WGIA16 toregister to review.
Mr. Hiraishi and Mr. Ajay (India) raised questions about Australia’s NGER scheme, especially about
the scope of the mandatory reporting. Ms. Gupta explained that the NGER was based on legislationthat required companies that emit over a certain threshold to report their GHG emissions every year.
She additionally commented that the reported data were confidential and that the emissions were
aggregated to UNFCCC classification.
Dr. Philip (Malaysia) asked Dr. Hanaoka to introduce Japanese experiences on data collection whensufficient data are unavailable for projection. Dr. Hanaoka recommended to attempt referring to datafrom neighboring countries or modifying the methodologies based on the available dataset. To anotherquestion from Mr. Patino (Philippines) on how to develop and improve their own emissions projections,Dr. Hanaoka mentioned that methodologies and datasets of projection models could be improved bycomparing them with other models. Mr. Hiraishi provided information that it might be advisable torefer to Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) experiences of road-traffic-related project proposals
to generate traffic activity data and their projection and also commented that “projection” was animportant key word for WGIA.
In terms of atmospheric observation by satellite, Mr. Ajay raised questions about the experience ofcomparison between the satellite data and the actual observation data. Another participant asked about
the satellite detection level and the treatment of the transboundary emissions. Dr. Maksyutov explainedthat a wide range of scientific research was still required to alleviate uncertainties of GHG observation
by satellites, including those related to inverse modelling, transport models and observation
instruments and practices because this research field was still in the developing stage.
Prior to the discussion on BC after the presentation by Dr. Kondo, Mr. Tanabe (IPCC/TFI) shared abrief summary of the IPCC expert meeting on SLCFs held in May 2018 as follows: SLCF emission inventories are useful to enhance scientific understanding and assessment of theirrole in climate change as well as to inform climate policy at the national and international levels.
 There exist methodologies for emission inventories of most SLCF species which have been88

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES
developed and used by international/regional organizations, but they are not applicable globally.
The need to do some work to fill gaps in existing methodologies was recognized.
 There are some issues that require careful consideration in future work to integrate inventories of
GHG and SLCF, such as required spatial/temporal resolution, and the use of metrics to calculate
emissions in CO2 equivalent units.
Prof. Su and Mr. Ajay raised questions about the GWP or global warming impact of Black Carbon
and those issues were discussed with comments by Dr. Kondo and Mr. Hiraishi. It was, however,confirmed through the discussion that the metrics of SLCFs including BC, as radiative forcing agents,
were still under discussion in the climate science area due to their complexity, although mitigation had
started in some places.
Following the questions and answers, Mr. Hiraishi concluded the session by commenting that it was
important to be aware of scientific advancements surrounding GHG inventories and to learn fromadvanced systems, and that inventory compilers should not only wait for inputs from science but must
think how they can contribute to science.

2.7

Wrap-up Session

This session was co-chaired by Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO) and Dr. A K Mehta (MoEFCC). In thissession, the rapporteurs from the Mutual Learning session and plenary sessions provided summariesof the discussions including findings and conclusions, followed by the final discussion to conclude theworkshop.
Summary of the Mutual Learning
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO) presented the background and objectives of the Mutual Learning (ML)
programme as well as the outcomes of past MLs. He also summarized the ML held in this workshop.
After his report, some participants of ML expressed their appreciation. They said that the ML wasinformative and beneficial because they could share problems and knowledge to bring back home andreceive feed back to their own inventory. They also remarked that the ML helped participants finddifferences in counterparts’ inventory system from those of their own and learn from them.
It was suggested that ML would be more effective and more useful for improvement of inventory if
experiences of development of country-specific emission factors could be shared among participating
countries. Those who had not yet participated in the ML sessions expressed eagerly their intention toparticipate in future ML. Furthermore, participants hoped that future WGIAs would provide further
opportunities to learn about other countries’ inventories through this programme.
Generally, it was concluded that the ML should be continued.
Summary of the Plenary Sessions
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO), the rapporteur of the Plenary Sessions, reported a summary of thepresentations, discussions and conclusions of Session I through Session IV.
The discussion after her report is summarized as follows.
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/TFI) praised WGIA participating countries for the high ratio ofsubmissions of BURs compared to the total submission ratio in all the NAI countries, which could beowing to the continuous effort of WGIA and networking in WGIA member countries.
For session II, Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO), the chair of the session, pointed out that many of theparticipating countries included or had been preparing for F-gas emissions although F-gas reporting
wasn’t obligated in NAI countries. Following this, Dr. Javiardhan Ramanlal Bhatt (MoEFCC)
emphasized that close collaboration between climate change and ozone expert was needed.
Looking back at session III, Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO) commented that it was important to start tobe aware of keeping the deadlines for the products, e.g. BUR, NC or annual inventories in the case of
AI countries. She stressed the need for close collaboration with relevant agencies that provide the99

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Reportbackground data in order to achieve this. Following this, Mr. Larsen Daboyan (PNG) expressed his
gratitude for the invitation to WGIA16 and told that PNG needed to do something to prepare integrated
data management systems, as he was impressed that some of the presenters’ countries already had
developed their data management systems.
Closing Remarks
The closing remarks were delivered by Dr. A K Mehta (MoEFCC) and Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO).
They thanked all for their active participation. They expressed their hope for the continuity of thisworkshop and development of a good networking within the countries.

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3

Abstracts

In this section, the abstracts of the presentations are compiled. The abstracts are attached in an
unedited form, as they were received from the presenters.

3.1 Opening Session
Overview of WGIA 16
Hiroshi Ito
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO/CGER/NIES), Japan

Abstract
Non-Annex I (NAI) Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) are required to prepare Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories as a part of National
Communications (NCs) and/or Biennial Update Report (BURs) to be periodically submitted to theConference of the Parties (COP) under the UNFCCC. It becomes important to develop reliable GHG
inventory of NAI countries and to enhance its further improvement.
To support developing and improving GHG Inventories of NAI Parties in Asia, the Workshop on
GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA) was organized by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ)
and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) and has been held on annually since 2003.
The participating countries are 15 countries (Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan,
Republic of Korea, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand andVietnam). So far, WGIA achieved to strengthen a network of regional government officials and experts
and to make website and proceedings.
The upcoming 16th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA16) is to be held 10-13 July 2018
in New Delhi, India. The WGIA16 aims:
1) To enhance sector-specific capacity for inventory compilation,2) To share the information of national GHG inventory for NCs and BURs,
3) To enhance the understandings of requirements of F-gas inventories,4) To share the data collection and archiving systems for GHG inventory of BUR, and
5) To promote the relationship among GHG inventory, Projections and related activities.
Approximately 100 participants are expected to be present in this 16th workshop. Participants aregovernment officials and researchers from 15 countries in Asia (the participating countries) and experts
from international organizations (the IPCC Task Force on National GHG Inventories (IPCC/TFI), andothers.

Access to relevant information
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wgiaindex-e.html

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3. Abstracts

Japan’s Achievement for Climate Change
after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Takumi Ichikawa
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract
Japan overcame the Great East Japan Earthquake and succeeded in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions for three consecutive years. In FY 2016, Japan's GHG emissions were 1,307 million tons ofcarbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2 eq.). Japan has set an emission reduction target to reduce its GHG
emissions 26.0% below FY 2013 levels by FY2030 and will continue to work toward achieving thistarget.
The Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in March 2011 caused enormous damage to Japan
as well as changes in its energy structure. Greenhouse gas emissions in Japan greatly increased due toincrease of electricity generation from thermal power plants caused by the shutdown of nuclear power
plants.
In spite of the great impact of the earthquake, Japan has continued to work on climate change
countermeasures. In 2015, Japan set an emission reductions target (INDC) to reduce GHG emissions
26.0% below FY 2013 levels by FY 2030. In 2016, Japan formulated the Plan for Global WarmingCountermeasures to achieve this target. Based on this plan, Japan conducts global warming
countermeasures such as expanding the introduction of renewable energy and supporting thepromotion of energy conservation.
The implementation of these measures has resulted in increase of power generation from renewableenergy, decrease of greenhouse gas emissions, and the development of a low-carbon society, etc.
Japan will continue to make further efforts to achieve the 2030 target.

References/ Publications
National Communication 7 (December 2017)
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April 2018)
General Energy Statistics of Japan (April 2018)
Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (May 2016)

Access to relevant information
National Communication 7 (December 2017)<http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom_/application/pdf/79481053_japan-nc7-1japan_nc7.pdf>

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3.2 Session I
Updates on the Third National Communication (TNC) andInitial Biennial Update Report (iBUR) of the Mongolia
Sanaa Enkhtaivan, Gerelmaa Shaariibuu, Tegshjargal Bumtsend
GHG Inventory specialists,
Climate Change Project Implementing Unitat the Environment and Climate Fund under the
Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Mongolia

Abstract
Mongolia has submitted the First National Communication (FNC) on 1st November 2001 and theSecond National Communication (SNC) has been submitted on 10th December 2010. The mostrecently submitted the Initial Biennial Update Report (iBUR) and the Third National Communication(TNC) are officially launched on UNFCCC website on 30th August 2017 and 23rd April 2018,
respectively.
The iBUR and TNC have updated the information contained in SNC and the first National Inventory
Report (NIR) is being developed. In these latest submissions, emissions/removals of GHGs fromvarious sources and sink categories between 1990 and 2014 have been estimated using methodologies
that are consistent with the IPCC 2006 Guidelines.
Total GHG emissions in Mongolia in 2014 were 34,482.73 Gg CO2e (excluding LULUCF). Net
GHG emissions in 2014 were 10,030.80 Gg CO2e (including LULUCF). The energy sector is the mostsignificant source of the GHG emissions with 50.08% and the second major source was agriculture
sector accounted for 48.51%, followed by IPPU (0.95%) and waste (0.46%) share of the national total
emissions (without LULUCF) in 2014.
The technical analysis of the Mongolia’s initial BUR took place from 4 to 8 December 2017 in Bonn,
Germany. During the technical analysis, in addition to the written exchange, through the secretariat, toprovide technical clarifications on the information reported in the BUR, the Teams of TechnicalExperts (TTEs) and Mongolia engaged in video conferencing consultation on the identification of
capacity-building needs for the preparation of BURs and participation in the ICA process. Following
the technical analysis of Mongolia’s first BUR, the TTE prepared and shared a draft summary reportwith Mongolia on 1 March 2018 for its review and comment. Mongolia, in turn, provided its feedbackon the draft summary report on 25 May 2018. The TTE responded to and incorporated the Party’scomments and finalized the summary report in consultation with Mongolia on 6 June 2018.

Access to relevant information
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2018%20Mongolia%20TNC%20EN.pdf
https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/nonannex_i_parties/biennial_update_reports/application/pdf/mongolia_bur1_resubmission_and_annexni
r.pdf

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3. Abstracts

Sharing the Experience of the Second BUR and ICA in the Republic of Korea
Hyung-Wook Choi, Kyeongah Ahn
Greenhouse gas Inventory and Research Center, Republic of Korea

Abstract
The Republic of Korea (ROK) has submitted the second Biennial Update Report (BUR) to
UNFCCC on 16 November 2017 as a non-annex I Party in accordance with the decision of the 17th
Conference of the Parties in Durban. The second BUR of ROK was prepared by Greenhouse gas
Inventory and Research Center (GIR) and the relevant ministries. The second BUR contains fourchapters: (1) National Circumstances; (2) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory; (3) Mitigation Actions;and (4) International Support and Cooperation. National GHG inventory between 1990 and 2014 wasestimated based on 1996 IPCC GL (energy, industrial process, agriculture and waste sector), GPG
2000 and GPG-LULUCF (LULUCF sector) for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide(N2O), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
In order to improve transparency of GHG inventory chapter, ROK provided more information than
the first BUR as follows: (1) information of estimation methodologies such as applied IPCC GL for
specific categories, emission factors including the list of country-specific emission factors in annex,
and Global Warming Potentials (GWPs); (2) GHG emission trends from 1990 to 2014; (3) GHG
emissions by gas; and (4) GHG emissions per capita and GHG emissions per GDP.
The technical analysis of ROK’s the Second BUR which is the first step of international consultation
and analysis (ICA) took place from 5 to 9 March 2018 in Bonn, Germany. ROK received 18 questions
and comments for inventory chapter regarding confirmation of categories which used 1996 IPCC GL,
activity data information, MRV process and timeline, indirect emissions, international bunkers, anduncertainty analysis. During the conference call for the technical analysis, ROK received generally
favorable comments by a team of technical experts (TTE) due to the improvements from the first BUR.
The limitation for key category analysis, uncertainty analysis, and specific information of activity data
were also discussed. Since the uncertainty analysis is difficult to estimate due to the limited data for
activity data and emission factors, ROK gave feedback to TTE that it is necessary to provide thepractical guidance and seminar for the uncertainty analysis. ROK will prepare the Facilitative Sharingof Views (FSV) for the second BUR.

References
Decision 17/CP.8 “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications from Parties notincluded in Annex I to the Convention”
The Second Biennial Update Report of the Republic of Korea to UNFCCC

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Current Status of Negotiation and Prospects for the Transparency Framework
under the Paris Agreement
Takashi Morimoto
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd., Japan

Abstract
The enhanced transparency framework for action and support (ETF) was established in Article 13of the Paris Agreement, which builds on and enhances the existing transparency arrangements under
the Convention. The Paris Agreement and decision 1/CP.21 requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on
the Paris Agreement (APA) to develop and adopt the modalities, procedures and guidelines (MPGs)
for the ETF at the COP24 to be held this year, and the work on the development of the MPGs iscurrently ongoing under the agenda item 5 of the APA. Parties will use the MPGs for their futurereporting including greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and tracking progress made in implementing
and achieving nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement
under the ETF in the near future. It would be helpful for national report compilers to follow thenegotiations and the outcomes on the MPGs in preparation for the future reporting and review activities.
This presentation provides the summary of current status of the ongoing negotiations on thedevelopment of the MPGs for the ETF under the APA agenda item 5 and prospects the possible
outcome based on personal views, especially focusing on the sections of GHG inventories, tracking
progress made in implementing and achieving NDCs, and review process. The co-facilitators of theagenda item 5 have prepared the informal note at APA 1-5 held in May 2018 which includes diverse
possible approaches and options for each component in the MPGs based on many views raised byParties through past negotiations and submissions.
The critical viewpoints of the development of the MPGs are “continuous improvement” and“flexibility”. The MPGs to be adopted need to ensure an appropriate balance between the robustness
to enable accurate assessment of achievement of NDCs and applicability to Parties with diverse
capacities and starting points by incorporating these viewpoints. The more in-depth discussions andnegotiations are expected at the next and subsequent APA sessions to explore the most appropriate
option for each component included in the informal note and finalize the MPGs at the COP24.

References/ Publications
Paris Agreement
Decision 1/CP.21 “Adoption of the Paris Agreement”
Decision 2/CP.17 “Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative
Action under the Convention”
Draft elements for APA agenda item 5, Modalities, procedures and guidelines for the transparency
framework for action and support referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement, Informal note by
the co-facilitators – Final iteration

Access to relevant information
https://unfccc.int/process/bodies/subsidiary-bodies/ad-hoc-working-group-on-the-paris-agreementapa/information-on-apa-agenda-item-5

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3.3 Session II
The Kigali Amendment and the Status of Reporting of Fluorinated Gases under
the UNFCCC: Emissions, Methods, and Gaps
Elsa Hatanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

Abstract
With the Montreal Protocol taking effect, CFCs have been replaced by HCFCs overtime, and HFCs
have in turn replaced HCFCs. The inclusion of HFCs in the Montreal Protocol from the viewpoint of
global warming countermeasures was under discussion since 2009. It culminated in an adoption of anamendment to newly include HFCs in the Protocol (the Kigali Amendment) in October of 2016. Threegroups of countries now have different phase-down schedules set out for HFCs. Although the reportingof F-gases such as HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 are not mandatory for UNFCCC Non-Annex I countries, theF-gas emissions are expected to keep rising, and dealing with these gases are becoming increasingly
important.
Roughly half of WGIA countries are currently reporting such F-gases. The attempt to do so is similar
across the three gases. Of those, some at least partially cover a time-series of data - more so for PFCs,
followed by HFCs and SF6.
Regarding estimation methodology, where available, reports indicated HFC methodology to be
partly Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines/GPG-based, and partly 2006 IPCC Guidelines-based. This was
similar for PFCs, but for SF6 methodology, more countries based estimations on the Revised 1996
IPCC Guidelines/GPG. However, we would need to be mindful that the sample size of WGIA countries
reporting F-gases is very small.
F-gases occur from various sources. For reference, on the last year when Japan was applying the
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines/GPG, the main source for HFCs were refrigeration and air conditioning.
The electronics industry was the main source for PFCs and electrical equipment was the main source
for SF6. HFC emissions were over and above the largest of the three F-gases, and PFC emissions andSF6 emissions followed behind.
Here, the emissions for HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 for WGIA countries were compiled, and several
observations were made. It was noted that there were isolated peaks in emissions for certain years
when reporting took place, following reporting requirements. It was also noted that the size ofemissions were quite different between the gases, with HFCs being over and above the largest, with
PFC emissions and SF6 emissions following behind. It was also noted that it was difficult to evaluateconsistency across years within one country’s reporting when there was no time-series data.
However, it was observed that comparison between HFC/PFC/SF6 emissions within one country,
during one reporting, and comparison across countries for the same inventory year might be useful. It
was also noted that comparison with other estimates might also be useful, while bearing in mind thatvarious assumptions are made to prepare the estimates.
The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol will be controlling HFCs as well from now on,
however, its mission is to phase down production and consumption. Therefore, reducing emissions
during the use of HFC devices, etc. will still be the job of UNFCCC. With this overlap, it may beefficient to plan to deal with the Montreal Protocol and UNFCCC matters together, where appropriate.
It is also important to further develop each country’s F-gas inventory under the UNFCCC (including
PFCs and SF6, etc.), while keeping in mind that CFCs and HCFCs are still also potent global warming
substances.
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Development of F-gas emissions estimation from non-Annex I Parties:
A case Study of Thailand
Kraichat Tantrakarnapa1), Sasiwimon Wichadee2)
Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol
University, Thailand
2)
Climate Change Management and Coordination Division, Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand
1)

Abstract
Thailand is classified as non-annex I parties according to the UNFCCC category and located in theheart of mainland Southeast Asia. However, Thailand has cooperated with the international
community to address the global issue. We submitted the National Communication (NC) Reports andalso Biennial Update Report (BUR). The last version of NC is the third report and the second reportof BUR. Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) is a focal
point to conduct both reports. At the first stage, the ONEP requested the professor from university tocarry out the GHG estimation, however the participation of related and responsible organization was
the key factor. Therefore, ONEP set up and announced the steering committee from the designed
organizations. The steering committee has worked together to get the GHG estimation for Thailand
report. We estimated GHG emissions by following the guideline of IPCC 1996 including IPPU
sector. The F-gas emission estimation was not reported in the BUR since there were limitation ofavailable data. Currently, we have developed Thailand’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
System (TGEIS) by following the IPCC guideline version 2006 for all sectors. The estimation of
GHG for IPPU sector has been developed by the coordination and cooperation of Department
Industrial Work (DIW), Ministry of Industry that is the organization who take responsible about theindustrial work. However, ONEP and DIW also have collaborate with other related organizations. If
the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory system was completed, it would be tested for the validationof the system by the working team. The orientation and distribution would be the next step for the
involved and responsible organization. However, our country has to create and launch the project forthe organizations by setting the regulation or any agreement. In addition, the MRV (Measurement
Reporting and Verification) system should be also prepared. In order to achieve the purposes, thecapacity building is also required for the understanding the GHG estimation, TGEIS, and MRV
system and other related issues. The next step would be the validation of TGEIS, the orientation of
TGEIS and strengthen the capacity in other related issues for development of the next national
communication report and biennial update report17
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3. Abstracts

Estimating Fluorinated Gas from Industrial Processes
and Product Used (IPPU) Sector
Elizabeth Philip1), Azimuddin Bahari2), Tan Ee San3)
1)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
2)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia
3)
Universiti Tenaga Nasional

Abstract
Malaysia estimate fluorinated gas emissions from two sub categories, within the substitutes forozone depleting substances (2F) in the BUR. In the 3rd National Communication, Malaysia started
collecting data for other categories such as metal industry (2C3), electronics industry (2E), products
use as substitutes for ozone depleting substances (2F) and other product manufacture and use (2G).
Tier 1 method as described in 2006 IPCC Guidelines were used to estimate the emissions of F gases.
Two PFCs, are emitted from the primary aluminum smelting process. The simplest method foraccounting PFCs is to multiply the default emission factors by aluminum production. Total aluminumproduced was sourced from Minerals Yearbook published by Minerals and Geoscience Department
Malaysia. Default emission factors by technology-type are available in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
Since, Malaysia has only one aluminum plant operating since 2011, the Center Worked Prebake(CWPB) technology as used as reported in by the company.
For electronics industry, F gas emissions are basically from the silicon process in the semiconductor
and photovoltaic production. activity data for the electronics industry consists of data on gas sales anduse or the annual amount of electronics substrate processed. Silicon consumption may be estimatedusing an appropriate edition of the World Fab Watch (WFW) database, published quarterly by
Semiconductor Equipment & Materials International (SEMI).
Current application of HFCs in Malaysia is mainly confined to road transport air conditioning. The
Department of Environment (DOE) reported that the only halocarbon actively being used in Malaysia
is HFC 134a for mobile air-conditioning in vehicles. All new non-commercial vehicles assembled areconsidered to be HFC-134a fitted air conditioning at factory. Based on the accessibility of data, theTier 2 method (bottom-up approach) was used for the calculation of HFC 134a emissions fromautomobiles. The accuracy of the result of the calculation was based on the data availability for the
refrigerated transport including mobile air conditioners used to cool passengers’ compartment of
automobiles. Data were obtained from Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Transport (MOT),
Department of Road Transport (JPJ), local Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) system manufacturers andMalaysia Automotive Association (MAA).
Revised 1996 IPCC guideline was used to estimate the emission of SF6 due to data availability fromdata providers.

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3.4 Session III
Bhutan Carbon Neutral (Greenhouse Gas Institutional Arrangements)
Dawa Chogyel, Rinzin Namgay
BhutanAbstract
The Kingdom of Bhutan is a small landlocked country (India in the south/east/west and China in thenorth) with a total area of 38,394 sqkm and is characterized by rugged mountainous terrain withelevations ranging from around 160 meters to more than 7000 meters above sea level. The populationis around 735,553 with about 55% of the total engaged in agriculture and forestry.
As a landlocked least developed country located in a fragile mountainous environment, Bhutanremains highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and will disproportionately bear the
impacts of climate change. As reported in the Second National Communication (2011), the mostvulnerable sectors due to climate change are water resources, agriculture, forests & biodiversity andhydropower sectors.
Bhutan made the commitment to remain carbon neutral in 2009 despite our status as a small, mountainous country
with many other pressing social and economic development needs and priorities. This commitment was made withthe view that there is no need greater, or more important, than keeping the planet safe for life to continue. Bhutan
submitted the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution and re-communicated our resolve to remain carbon
neutral by ensuring that our emission of GHGs does not exceed the sink capacity of our forests.

According to the second national GHG inventory (2013), Bhutan is a net sink for greenhouse gases.
Forests currently cover 70.46% of the land area of Bhutan and sequestration by forests is estimated at
6.3 million tons of CO2 and emissions in 2013 are estimated at 2.2 million tons of CO2 equivalent.
Although the highest emissions are from the agriculture sector they have more or less remained
constant, but emissions from sectors such as industrial processes and transport are showing a rapidly
increasing trend. During the period 2000‐2013, emissions from the energy sector increased by 191.6%
from 0.270 million tons of CO2e in 2000 to 0.79million tons of CO2e in 2013. During the same period,
emissions from industrial processes increased by 154.3% from 0.24 million tons of CO2e to 0.6 million
tons of CO2e. Emission from waste management also increased by 247.54% from 0.047 million tonsof CO2e to 0.16 million tons CO2e.
The country is in the process of preparing the Third National Communication. The project iscoordinated by the National Environment Commission Secretariat (NECS). There is no separate GHG
Inventory Institution, however the NECS coordinates the task with the formation of Taskforce andThematic Working group members for various relevant government and private sector agencies.

References/ Publications
1.
2.
3.
4.

Statistical yearbook of Bhutan 2017
Second National Communication from Bhutan UNFCCC 2011
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Document as submitted to UNFCCC
Land Cover Mapping Project, 2010, National Soil Service Center

Access to relevant information
1. Website of National Environment Commission Secretariat (NECS) – www.nec.gov.bt
2. Website of National Statistical Bureau (NSB) – www.nsb.gov.bt
3. Website of Ministry of Agriculture and Forests – www.moaf.gov.bt
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3. Abstracts

ONE GHG EMISSION DATA POLICY OF INDONESIA
Joko Prihatno
Director of GHG Inventory and MRV, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Indonesia

AbstractIndonesia as an archipelagic country, consists of 34 provinces, 416 district areas and 98 cities, ishaving a great challenge in facing climate change. Indonesia has put on strategy in combating climatechange issue at national and sub-national level to implement National Determined Contribution andconducting reporting on implementation progress. It takes great effort in providing transparent,
accurate, consistent, continuous yet comparable data in order to produced systematic documentation
and archiving based on IPCC guideline 2006. There is a need to have single GHG emission reduction’s
data base policy in order to gain compatible emission data profile in five main sectors to be stored in
SIGN SMART and national public registry.
Indonesia commits to reduce GHG emission 29% (conditional) up to 38% (unconditional) by 2030
compared with the recent baseline. The higher GHG emission target comes from two main sectors i.e.
forestry (17.2%) and energy (11%). The rest come from waste, industry and agriculture. There are 9
strategies in implementing NDC in order to achieve emission reduction targets, one of them is anational single GHG emission data base policy.
A single GHG emission data base policy is aimed to ensure accountability, integrity, effectivenessin reporting GHG emission at national and international level. The strategy has been put in place bybuilding agreement from related stakeholders and strengthening regulation; facilitated related sectors
in integrating and managing data in each sector as well as developing documentation system andarchiving through SIGN SMART and SRN.
Documentation and archive GHG inventory have been conducted as well as developing
improvement plan through MDA Programme: CGE Training Material from UNFCCC Secretariat,
there are 7 steps in documenting and inventorying process of GHG emission and 3 steps in archiving
process. Current condition shows that all the meta data are well stored in SIGN SMART and hard
copy of the data are well stored by SIGN SMART data operator. Methodology is documented in the
GHG Inventory reports such as Natcom and BUR, activities data are well stored in each focal point
for each sector. Future planning for GHG emission data management is all the data including activities,
emission factors, uncertainty and key category analysis will be all integrated in SIGN SMART.
Archive system is still in the form of hard copy/manual. At this moment digital archives are only
consisted of activities data and emission factors which are used to conduct emission accounting andhave been input in SIGN SMART. Emission factors application system is being developed as archive
emission factor database in PDF format. In the future digital archive GHG inventory system will be
improved by integrating in single system in SIGN SMART.
A single GHG emission data base system reflects Indonesian commitment in implementing NDC inorder to reduce GHG emission at national level which will give contribution to international GHG
emission reduction. Using IPCC Guideline 2006 supported by SIGN SMART application helps the
GHG inventory process.

Reference:
1. CGE Handbook on Building Sustainable National GHG Inventory Management Systems,
Secretariat UNFCCC. WGIA 15 in Myanmar, 2017.
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2. GHG Inventory and penurunan emisi terverifikasi Indonesia sampai dengan tahun 2016.
Kementerian LHK, 2017.

Access to relevant information:
1. http://signsmart.menlhk.go.id/signsmart_new/web/home/
2. http://ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id/srn/

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3. Abstracts

Developing GHG inventory management system for Korean energy sector
Sung-kyun Kim
Korea Energy Economics Institute, Republic of Korea

Abstract
Korea Energy Economics Institute(KEEI) compiles national energy statistics and also energy sector
GHG inventory. Korea’s national energy statistics is compiled mostly based on reports by energy
importers and producers. KEEI verifies these raw data using data from other sources and socioeconomic data. However, there remain limitations because it depends on voluntary cooperation ofreporters. KEEI cannot control raw data collection while reporters use different criteria on energy typeand sector category. This suggests possibility of systematic and human error in integrating andconverting data.
Republic of Korea ranks in top ten GHG emitters in the world. Korea’s energy sector emitted about
600 million tCO2e in 2014(KESIS, 2018), and it occupies about 1% of world GHG emissions (IEA,
2017). Energy industry, mostly power generation sector, is the major source of GHG emissions. It
results in that use of coal is the major source of emissions among fuel types.
KEEI has compiled energy sector inventory for years and has experienced diverse difficulties inmanaging input and output inventory data, and also in making this work sustainable. In order toimprove accuracy and transparency of GHG inventory in energy sector, KEEI-GHG inventory teamhas carried out a project to develop GHG Inventory Management System(GIMS) since 2011.
Improvement efforts started from analyzing data characteristics and searching for optimal way inorganizing the data. Required functions of inventory work were identified and presented in computer
programs: (1) data calculation and verification, (2) result table and graph production, (3) CRF
generation, and (4) record keeping. Once plugged in input data, GIMS calculates GHG emissions,produces tables and graphs for NIR, and generates CRF files, while all processes are recorded. At each
step, one can easily check errors for QA/QC.
GIMS project also made a couple of improvements including reducing total number of files to six,
standardizing variable names, using color code, using network drive and so on. This project has been
proved successful so far by peer groups and evaluated to make inventory work more efficient andsustainable. The experience of developing GIMS would be helpful to inventory compilers in othersectors as well.

References/ Publications
International Energy Agency(IEA). (2017). CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2017.
Korea Energy Statistical Information System(KESIS). (2018).
Retrieved from http://www.kesis.net/main/mainEng.jsp

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Data Development Approach for National Forest Inventory in Japan
Masaya Nishimura
Forestry Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan

Abstract
1.

Back ground information
On the basis of Article 4 and 12 of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change), all Parties to the Convention are required to submit national inventories ofgreenhouse gas emissions and removals. As it is widely known, LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use
Change and Forestry) sector has specific aspects such as covering both emissions and removals. In thissession, the Japanese way of data development approach for estimating national forest inventory in
LULUCF sector will be introduced.
2.

Japanese definitions of forest
Forests are classified in following subcategories. Their definitions are set by tree crown cover rateetc.
A) Forest with standing trees:i.
Intensively managed forest; andii.
Semi-natural forest.
B) Forest with less standing treesC) Bamboo
3.

Development of NFRDB (National Forest Resource Database)
National Forest Resource Database has been developed to calculate carbon stock and to store
necessary information
 Time frame: 2003 - 2006
 Costs: JPY 400 million (equivalent to USD 3.6 million)
 Data stored: forest registers, satellite imageries, forest planning maps etc.
4. Parameters development approach for estimating carbon stock changeA) Living biomass
Trunk volume is calculated based on forest registers and other parameters (BEF (Biomass Expansion
Factor), density and carbon fraction) are set based on the results from biomass sampling surveys on
dominant tree species and existing research reports. Remote sensing technology has been also used todetect land use conversions.
B) DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) and soil
The ‘Century’ was applied as the basic model to estimate the carbon stock. The model has been
modified to adapt to Japan and a country specific model the ‘Century-jfos’ has been developed. The
carbon stock changes are estimated by multiplying the data from the Century-jfos and NFRDB
5.

Conclusion
Each country needs to adapt the most appropriate approach to develop the inventories depending on
their data availability and national circumstances, however development of the first statistics data isvery important to improve accuracy of the national GHG inventory.

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3. Abstracts

3.5 Session IV
IPCC TFI: Recent Activities
Andrej Kranjc
Head, Technical Support Unit, IPCC TFI

Abstract
The two main objectives of the IPCC TFI are:-to develop and refine an internationally-agreed methodology and software for the calculation
and reporting of national GHG emissions and removals;-

to encourage the widespread use of this methodology by countries participating in the IPCC
and by signatories of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC).

On the basis of the decision (IPCC/XLIV-5) taken at 44th Session of the IPCC (October 2016,
Bangkok, Thailand), the IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) started its
work on production of the Methodology Report titled the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019 Refinement) to be completed in May 2019.
From among 328 nominations received from governments, observer organizations and Bureau
members, 190 experts were selected as Authors and Review Editors by the Task Force Bureau (TFB)
in accordance with the Principles Governing IPCC Work. Three Lead Author meetings have alreadytaken place (in June 2017, September 2017 and April 2018), and the fourth and final one will takeplace next October. Authors have prepared the First Order Draft which was submitted to the Expert
Review in the period 4 December 2017 – 11 February 2018, and the Second Order Draft which is open
for Government and Expert Review from 2 July to 9 September.
The overall aim of the 2019 Refinement is to provide an updated and sound scientific basis forsupporting the preparation and continuous improvement of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories.
It will have the same structure as the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The refinement work does not revise the2006 IPCC Guidelines, but will update, supplement and/or elaborate the 2006 IPCC Guidelines where
gaps or out-of-date science have been identified. The 2019 Refinement will not replace, but will be
used in conjunction with, the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The activities to maintain and improve the IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) are permanently
taking place. Around 600 new data were accepted for inclusion into the database by the EFDB Editorial
Board at its 15th meeting held in December 2017 at IEA in Paris.
The work to incorporate Tier 2 methods in the software was completed in 2017 for the sectors Energy,
Industrial Processes and Product Use, and Waste; the work on AFOLU has already started (completed
for Livestock), and it is planned to be completed for other parts of AFOLU in the first quarter of 2019.
The IPCC TFI continues with other activities for supporting users of the IPCC Guidelines (e.g.
organizing expert meetings, producing supporting materials) and collaboration with otherorganizations contributing to inventory-related capacity building programmes/activities (e.g. regional
workshops organized by UNFCCC).

Access to relevant information
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/2424

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Australia's National Inventory System for GHG Inventory Reporting

Abstract

Monami Das Gupta
National Inventory Systems and International Reporting Branch
Department of the Environment and Energy, Australia

The Australian Government has invested for nearly 30 years in institutional arrangements to thatsustain the development of a comprehensive and efficient inventory system that successfully supports
evolving climate policy and international reporting obligations.
There is a shared understanding that effective domestic emissions policies rely on emissions
estimates which is clearly an outcome of an efficient inventory system that is aligned with IPCC and
UNFCCC reporting rules and emission estimation guidance. Australia has demonstrated that
centralising institutional arrangements as much as possible will help guarantee estimates are accurate,comparable and transparent.
Australia’s National Inventory System (NIS) is at the core of the government’s response to climatechange. The NIS allows the government to: fulfil international reporting obligations under the Paris Agreement, the UNFCCC and Kyoto
Protocol, support the design, implementation and independent monitoring of domestic emission reduction
policies, track Australia’s progress towards international emission reduction commitments; and provide a fundamental and strategic input into emissions projections that inform decisions on future
emission reduction commitments.
The NIS’s success is because of significant investments in data collection and centralised data
management systems. Australia centralises its inventory preparation in the Department of theEnvironment and Energy. Data collection is underpinned by legislation. The main legislative tool isAustralia’s mandatory National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme (NGERS). All major
companies that emit emissions or produce or consume energy over a certain threshold must reportannually, and in accordance with approaches based in national inventory methods. This essential
principle of NGERS has been vital to ensuring data collected helps maintain complete and accurate
national inventory reporting.
Investment in data management is ongoing. In particular, the Australian Greenhouse Emissions
Information System (AGEIS) supports a high quality and transparent inventory consistent withrequirements of the IPCC inventory guidelines. Building on inventory estimates, the AustralianGovernment produces emissions projections to inform domestic policy debate and national emission
targets. The projections demonstrate Australia’s progress towards meeting its emissions reduction
targets, illustrating where emissions arise in the economy and the drivers behind long-term trends.
The projections therefore form a key input into policy development and evaluation for the Australian
government and stakeholders. Reporting emissions projections also fulfils one of Australia’s
reporting requirements under the UNFCCC.

Access to relevant information

http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/tracking-emissions
http://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/
http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/NGER
http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science-data/emissions-projections

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3. Abstracts

Emissions Projections of GHGs and Air Pollutants in the Transport Sector andImportance of Improving National GHG Inventories
Tatsuya Hanaoka
Integrated Environment and Economy Section, Center for Social and Environmental Systems
Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
In the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Paris in 2015, policy-makers have agreed decisions that nations
take climate mitigation actions for achieving the mid- to long-term global greenhouse (GHG)
emissions pathways consistent with a global temperature change limit below two degree compared tothe pre-industrial level (i.e. the 2℃ target). In order to achieve the 2℃ targets, it is required toaccelerate introduction of energy efficient technologies on both the demand side and the supply side.
At the same time, it is important to reduce SLCPs (Short-Lived Climate Pollutants) such as CH4, BC(black carbon) and tropospheric O3 in order to help achieving the 2℃ targets.
As for emissions and atmospheric concentrations of air pollutants, the road transport is one of major
sectors of emitting air pollutants of NOx, NMVOC and CO which are also precursor substances of
tropospheric O3 as one of SLCPs. If we deploy more energy efficient technologies and also promoteenergy shifting from fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel) to electricity in the road transport, we can findcobenefits of reducing air pollutants emissions due to effects of low carbon mitigation measures. Thus,
this presentation will focus on the transport sector and introduce the following topics;1) how important to enhance quality of required statistical data for improving national GHG
inventories, in order to estimate future emissions projections about not only CO2 but also air
pollutants such as NOx, PM2.5, BC etc.
2) methodologies how to estimate the future road transport volumes, develop emissions scenarios,and evaluate future emissions projections
3) methodologies how to analyze mitigation measures and evaluate effects of synergies andtradeoffs of combinations of decarbonization measures and air pollutants control measures.

References/ Publications
 Mittal, E., Hanaoka, T., Shukla, P.R., Masui, T. (2015) Air pollution co-benefits of low carbon
policies in road transport: a sub-national assessment for India. Environmental Research Letters,
10(8), DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/085006
 Mittal, S., Dai, H., Fujimori, S., Hanaoka, T., Zhang, R. (2017) Key factors influencing the
global passenger transport dynamics using the AIM/Transport model. Transport Research PartD, 55:373-388, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.10.006
 Hanaoka, T., Masui, T. (2017) Global Emissions Scenarios on SLCPs, GHGs, and Air Pollutants– Evaluation on Cobenefits and Tradeoffs of Mitigation Measures -, International Workshop on
SLCP emissions and impacts in East Asia

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Use of GHG observations by satellites for estimating surface emissions
Shamil Maksyutov, Tsuneo Matsunaga
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
The Paris Agreement, which entered into force in 2016, requires each country to report its
greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventory under a highly transparent framework. To secure thetransparency of the inventory, it is advised to compare and evaluate the inventories by independentways. A number of countries, such as Switzerland, UK and Australia implemented ground-based
monitoring networks and include the emission estimates based on atmospheric GHG measurements
into national inventory reporting. One of the ways to complement sparse surface observation
networks is GHG observations using satellite remote sensing techniques. Several satellites to monitor
GHGs are in operation, including Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) launched by
Japan in 2009, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) by the US in 2014, TanSAT by China in2016 and Sentinel-5p by the European Space Agency in 2017. Several studies used satellite data for
estimating national emissions.
Turner et al., (2015) used GOSAT data and transport modeling to estimate methane emissions in
USA, pointing out that the upward correction to bottom up inventory is needed, likely due to oil andgas sector emissions. A study by Univ. of Bristol (Ganesan et al., 2017) inferred India’s CH4emissions for the period 2010–2015 using a combination of GOSAT satellite, surface and aircraft
data. They applied a high-resolution atmospheric transport model to simulate data from theseplatforms to infer fluxes at sub-national scales and to quantify changes in rice emissions, and foundthat average emissions over this period are 22±3 Tg yr−1, consistent with the emissions reported byIndia to the UNFCCC.
More examples of using satellite observations for estimating national GHG emissions arepresented, based on a Guidebook on use of greenhouse gas (GHG) observations by satellites for
estimating surface emissions (Matsunaga and Maksyutov, 2018). The purpose of the Guidebook is tofacilitate use of satellite GHG concentration observations for estimating the emissions, at a city tonational scale, for applications such as national emission inventory improvement and verification in
support of implementation of the Paris agreement on the gradual reductions of the GHG emissions.
Guidebook include overview, introduction to satellite GHG data analysis methodology and a numberof case studies, based on published research papers.

References/ Publications
Ganesan A.L., et al. (2017) Atmospheric observations show accurate reporting and little growth inIndia’s methane emissions. Nature Communications 8: 836
Matsunaga T. and Maksyutov S., Editors, (2018) A Guidebook on the use of satellite greenhouse gases
observation data for verification of greenhouse gases emission inventories, SOC, NIES, Tsukuba, 131
pp. Online document: https://www.nies.go.jp/soc/en/documents/guidebook
Turner A., et al. (2015) Estimating global and North American methane emissions with high spatial
resolution using GOSAT satellite data. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15: 7049-7069.

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Black carbon in the atmosphere: Importance, emission estimates, and monitoring
Yutaka Kondo1), Makoto Koike2), Satoru Chatani3)
1)
National Institute of Polar Research, Japan,
2)
The University of Tokyo, Japan.
3)
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
Black carbon (BC) aerosols are light-absorbing carbonaceous particles emitted by incomplete
combustion of fossil fuels, open biomass burning, and biofuel burning. Climate model calculations
indicate that the emissions of BC contribute to global warming through heating in the atmosphere. In
addition to its effects on climate, it is harmful to human health. BC is estimated to be the third largest
global warming agent, after CO2 and CH4. BC and CH4 are the most important short-lived climate
forcers (SLCFs). BC direct radiative forcing (DRF) has been estimated to be about 0.6 W m-2 (IPCC
AR5). However, there are large uncertainties in the estimate of the BC DRF, because the estimates ofBC emissions are uncertain and the processes that control BC distributions are not fully understood.
Currently, it is not required to submit BC emission inventories to the UNFCCC. However, Expert
Meeting on Short-Lived Climate Forcers (EM-SLCF) organized by IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) will make a recommendation that IPCC TFI will take a lead to makea guideline to compile emission inventories of SLCFs in a consistent manner with those for GHGs
(May 2018, tentative information). Apart from this activity, ambitious reductions of BC emission arerecommended by the Expert Group on Black Carbon and Methane (EGBCM) of the Arctic Council(AC) for partially mitigating the warming caused by the increases in the long-lived GHGs. EGBCM
is also taking an initiative to compile BC emission inventories for AC and observer countries.
Measurements of the changes of BC concentrations are needed to evaluate the effects of future
regulations on BC (and PM2.5) emissions. We have developed COSMOS (Continuous soot monitoring
system) instrument for long-term and automated measurements of BC with a high accuracy. We haveshown that BC concentrations decreased to 1/3 in Tokyo over 7 years, soon after stringent regulations
on vehicular emissions. The data obtained by COSMOS played a critical role for this study.

References
Kondo, Y. (2015), Effects of black carbon on climate: Advances in measurement and modeling,
Monogr. Environ. Earth Planets, 3, 1-85, doi:10.5047/meep.2015.00301.0001.

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3.6 Poster Session
Introduction of GHG data information system in Korea
Kyeongah Ahn, Hyung Wook Choi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center (GIR), Republic of Korea

Abstract

Framework Act and its Enforcement Decree on Low Carbon and Green Growth are the foundationof Korea’s movement towards sustainable development. According to them, Korea established theinstitutional arrangements, including GIR as an organization for overall statistics management, anddeveloped the Measurement, Report and Verification (MRV) process.
Roughly speaking, Korean MRV process starts from the revision of MRV Guidelines every year,
and they are distributed to sectoral agencies to estimate emissions/removals. After reviews from their
responsible ministries, statistics, draft NIR, and other relevant materials are submitted to GIR by June.
Then GIR verifies all the information thoroughly and asks for modifications or supplementary
explanations. Finally, annual GHG inventory is confirmed by December through deliberation from thenational GHG Management Committee.
There are more than fifteen responsible ministries and agencies involved in this MRV process.
Furthermore, a lot of data are produced and compiled up each year. As the need arose to manage andarchive a large amount of complicated data systematically, GIR established a platform called National
GHG Inventory Report System (NIRS) in 2013.
Through NIRS, sectoral agencies submit draft CRF, NIR, QA/QC report, and other materials used
for estimating GHG emissions, and all of them are archived in it. In addition, questions and opinionsfrom GIR and subsequent responses from agencies during a period of verification are exchanged andarchived in NIRS. As a result of verification, final CRF, simple figures and tables that represent
emission trends are produced for preparing NIR.
Currently, these are the main use of NIRS; to submit statistics, exchange opinions in the verification
process, and produce results. However, there has been an ongoing project to improve its performance
particularly in terms of producing more accurate and elaborate statistics results. In doing so, GIR
expects this system to enhance the accuracy and transparency of Korea’s national GHG Inventory.

References
Framework Act and Enforcement Decree on Low Carbon and Green Growth

Access to relevant informationwww.law.go.kr>english

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PNG’s Intuitional Arrangement for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
and enhanced management in data and statistics.
Larsen Daboyan
Papua New Guinea

Abstract
As a Non-Annex I party to the Paris Agreement under the UNFCCC, Papua New Guinea (PNG) has
submitted Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) to help keep climate change below a global
rise of two degrees Celsius. As part of the ETF, PNG has committed to certain protocols for MRV
regarding progress toward its NDC targets.
As a seminal proponent of the program for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD; now REDD+), PNG signed the UNFCCC 13 June 1992
and ratified it 16 March 1993. PNG signed the Kyoto Protocol 2 March 1999 and ratified it 28 March
2002. Likewise, PNG has been at the forefront of the process to draft, adopt, ratify, and operationalize
the Paris Agreement. On 29 March 2016, PNG became the first country to submit NDCs under theagreement. PNG signed the Paris Agreement at the earliest opportunity, 22 April 2016, and ratified
the agreement 21 September 2016. The agreement as it pertains to developing countries was afforded
force of law in PNG by the United Nations Paris Agreement (Implementation) Act of 2016, which isfurther supported by the Climate Change (Management) Act of 2015.
PNG submitted its 1st National Communication under the UNFCCC (NC1) 27 February 2002 andits 2nd National Communication (NC2) 15 December 2015. PNG is currently drafting its 3rd National
Communication (NC3), which it expects to submit in 2019. PNG aims to submit its 1st Biennial
Update Report under the UNFCCC (BUR1) by 30 June 2018. By the end of 2020—near theconclusion of this project—PNG aims to submit its revised NDC (NDC2) for the 2026-2030 reporting
period. This project is critical to ensuring that the deliberations shaping NDC2 are well informed andthat relevant stakeholders are fully engaged.
Priorities in PNG’s NDC to UNFCCC in 2015:
PNG’s NDC indicates the national priorities for mitigating and adapting to climate change, as wellas the anticipated benefits of addressing those priorities.
Mitigation.
PNG’s primary opportunities for climate-change mitigation pertain to the electricity-supply sector,
energy efficiency, transport, and forestry. PNG aims to achieve its forest-related mitigation targets
through implementation of REDD+ activities. As noted in the NDC, “PNG will implement REDD+
activities under the UNFCCC to reduce emissions and enhance removals from this important sector,
which PNG has set as a priority, as can be seen from its creation of a REDD+ Directorate within the
Office for Climate Change and Development (OCCD) [now CCDA]. Extensive capacity building,technology transfer and technical assistance is required to implement effective actions and ensure thecollection of accurate data. “The policies and measures will aim to reduce emission fromdeforestation and forest degradation, as well as support sustainable management, conservation andenhancement of forest carbon stocks, thereby leading to enhanced removals from the forestry sector.
A key current shortcoming is the lack of data on forestry emissions and removals. To accomplish theseaims, PNG requires improved data-gathering and capacities. As noted in the NDC, “PNG would
like to vigorously pursue mitigation options in the future; however, considerable assistance will beneeded in terms of capacity building and technology transfer for emissions data collection and
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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES
tracking mitigation progress. Without improving national capacities in this area there is a highlikelihood that regulation of the government and the private sector in terms of emissions will not beeffective.
Adaptation.
Whereas the agricultural and land-use sub-sectors have limited direct roles in the NDC’s mitigationrelated priorities, the AFOLU sector has a prominent role in PNG’s adaptation-related priorities.
PNG has (i) high exposure/ vulnerability to climatic changes and disasters, (ii) high sensitivity to such
events, and (iii) low adaptive capacity. As noted in the NDC, “The natural environment already posessignificant risks to Papua New Guinea today; hazards like coastal flooding, inland flooding anddroughts take a severe toll on the people and the economy. Climate change[s] are predicted toexacerbate some of these event-driven hazards and may also introduces new hazards due to gradualshifts in climatic conditions.PNG has prioritized nine hazards for adaptation-related initiatives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

coastal flooding and sea-level rise;inland flooding;food insecurity caused by crop failures due to droughts and inland frosts;
cities and climate change;
climate-induced migration;
damage to coral reefs;
malaria and vector-borne diseases;
water and sanitation; andlandslides.

In order to achieve these initiatives highlighted in the NDC of Papua New Guinea in terms of
mitigation and adaptation areas of climate change, it needs to have a very robust and strong intuitionalarrangement in order to effectively coordinate policies and guidelines to enhance collaboration among
key stakeholders and development partners to realize what PNG as a country hopes to achieve incontributing towards the global effort to combat climate change in the world.
All in all, PNG’s NDC is conditional and requires technical and financial support from outsidedevelopment partners and also requires support to strengthen its intuitional arrangement for GHG
Inventory, MRV work and other important requirements in order to fully enable PNG to achieve its
goal to be carbon neutral by 2015.

References/ Publications
1. PNG’s INDC 2015
2. PNG’s SNC 2015

Access to relevant information
Nb: (The above documents are already on UNFCCC’s website)

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3.Abstracts
3. Abstracts

China’s institutional Arrangement for National GHG Inventory Preparation
Su Mingshan, Zhu Songli, Ma Cuimei
National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation, Energy ResearchInstitute of National Development and Reform Commission, China

Abstract
Since the preparation of the Initial National Communication on Climate Change, China has initiallyestablished a national system for greenhouse gas inventory development, forming a relatively stablenational greenhouse gas inventory team. Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) is mainly
responsible for the preparation of national GHG inventory-which has been transferred from National
Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) on April 2018 according to the institutional reform
program-collaborating with the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) to provide basic statistical data
for the inventory, coordinating of industrial associations and typical businesses to provide related data,and establishing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Database to support the preparation and data
management of the inventory. Industry associations, including China Petroleum and Chemical Industry
Federation, China National Coal Association, China Electricity Council, China Iron and Steel
Association, China Cement Association, China Lime Association and China Carbide Industry
Association etc., provide related data for the preparation of national greenhouse gas inventory
participate in seminars and peer review meetings. MEE submits final inventory reports to the National
Leading Group on Climate Change, Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction for discussion andapproval. After approval they are formally submitted to the UNFCCC.
The new MEE is established from the former Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP ) ,integrating environmental related functions from six other ministries, to promote ecologicalcivilization from an overarching perspective. Data from pollution source survey and terminal
monitoring will be better applied to the preparation of inventory, thus improving the quality of national
greenhouse gas inventory.

References/ Publications

The People’s Republic of China First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change

Access to relevant information
https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/nonannex_i_parties/biennial_update_reports/application/pdf/pr_china-_bur-chinese+en.pdf

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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Seasonal methane emissions and recoveries
from landfill sites of Republic of Korea
Myoung-seok Lee, Seung-ju Moon, Young-kyu Lee, Hyeon-su Jeon, Deuk-jong Jeong
Dept. of Climate Change Action, Korea Environment Corporation

Abstract
As of 2015 in Korea, GHG emissions from the SWDS (Solid Waste Disposal Sites) account for
about 47% of the waste sector. Considering only the amount of CH4 generated, that is approximately
30% of the annual emission of the entire country. And also, environmental changes are evident
depending on the season, which is expected a lot affect the CH4 generation mechanism in the landfill.
Therefore, this study is carried out to improve the reliability and uncertainty of the estimation of CH4
emissions from disposal sites.
In Korea, according to 'National GHG statistical Measurement, Reporting and Verification
Guidelines (2017, GIR)', FOD (First Order Decay) model in the IPCC GPG 2000 is stipulated as themethod of measuring the emissions from the landfill sites. As the activity data, on-site measurement
and recovery data from 2012 to 2017 were applied.
As a result, CH4 emissions from the venting wells are 19.9% higher in spring, 37.7% in summer
than in autumn. Considering only methane in the recovered landfill gas, it is 2.1% higher in spring,
10.6% in summer than in autumn, but 14.8% less in winter.
There is some gap between emissions and recoveries, but the seasonal trend is recognized. It is
important to consider that the recovered amount in winter is considerably lower than the otherseasons, even though it is impossible to carry out the field measurement in winter due to theenvironmental constraints.
In additional studies, as well as securing more measurement data taking account of winter seasons,we need to take into account the other factors such as the differences in compaction and coveringsoil, weather, and the surrounding environment. Furthermore, as the DOC of the disposed waste
decomposes over time, reduced emissions should be considered.

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3.Abstracts
3. Abstracts

A Study on the emission characteristics of GHGs according to waste
characteristics (Fluidized bed incinerating facility)
Abstract

Byeongguk Jeon, Seongyeon Yoon
Dept. of Climate Change Action, Korea Environment Corporation

The IPCC recommends the use of emission factor to apply decision tree. To improve the reliabilityof the national greenhouse gas inventory, accuracy of emission factors is important. Most advanced
countries apply national emission factor to major emission sources. The development and applicationof national emission factor is necessary, to increase accuracy of domestic greenhouse gas emissions.
In this study, the characteristics of GHGs studied and emission factors calculated in industrial waste
incinerating facility (Waste Paper, Wood industry) (Fluidized bed). Using the NDIR, which is acontinuous measurement, 4 incineration facilities were measured about 2~3 months.
As a result, 1. In paper industry, the average concentration of CH4 is 0.79~2.08 ppm and emission
factor is calculated 0~3.52 gCH4/ton-waste. The average concentration of N2O is 4.05~5.18 ppm.
And emission factor is calculated 23.41~30.71 gN2O/ton-waste. 2. In wood industry, the average
concentration of CH4 is 0.74~1.86 ppm and emission factor is calculated 0.00 gCH4/ton-waste. The
average concentration of N2O is 6.13~15.63 ppm. And emission factor is calculated 153.6 ~ 254.0
gN2O/ton-waste.
We know that CH4 has a similar concentration of GHGs according to waste characteristics. But N2O
was found to have higher concentration characteristics in wood than paper industry.

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34

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIESSpace based GHG monitoring with GOSAT satellite
Shamil Maksyutov, Tsuneo Matsunaga
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
Monitoring greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from human activities is essential for verifying
the efficiency of emission reduction efforts. The present estimates of the emissions of anthropogenic
greenhouse gases are primarily based on bottom-up inventories based on statistical data.
Inconsistencies between underlying country-level statistics of energy use and inaccuracies in the useof these data cause poorly quantified errors in bottom-up emission inventories. To quantify theirerrors, emission inventories need verification against independent data, which is made in several
cases with atmospheric GHG observation network and modeling. While ground-based observation
networks are often too sparse for monitoring these emissions, satellite observations can alleviate thislimitation. We employed an atmospheric transport model to attribute column-averaged CO2 mixing
ratios (called XCO2) observed by Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) to emissions due
to large sources such as megacities and power plants (Janardanan et al, 2016). XCO2 enhancements
estimated from observations were compared to model simulations implemented at the spatial
resolution of the satellite observation footprint (0.1° × 0.1°). We found that the simulated XCO2
enhancements agree with the observed over several continental regions across the globe, forexample, for North America with an observation to simulation ratio of 1.05 ± 0.38 (p < 0.1), but witha larger ratio over East Asia (1.22 ± 0.32; p < 0.05). The obtained observation-model discrepancy(22%) for East Asia is comparable to the uncertainties in emission inventories (~15%) suggested byrecent reports. To evaluate anthropogenic methane emission inventory in various regions over the
globe, we extract emission signatures from column-average methane observations (XCH4) by GOSAT
using high-resolution atmospheric transport model simulations (Janardanan et al., 2017). Reductionof observation error, which is large compared to local enhancements, is achieved by binning theobservations over large region according to model-simulated enhancements. We found that the local
enhancements observed by GOSAT scale linearly with inventory based simulations of XCH4 for the
globe, East Asia and North America. Weighted linear regression of observation derived andinventory-based XCH4 anomalies was carried out to find a scale factor by which the inventory agrees
with the observations. Over East Asia, the observed enhancements are 30% lower than suggested by
EDGAR v4.2 emission inventory, implying a potential overestimation in the inventory. On thecontrary, in North America, the observations are approximately 28% higher than model predictions,indicating an underestimation in emission inventory. Our results concur with several recent studies
using other analysis methodologies, and thus confirm that satellite observations provide an additional
tool for bottom-up emission inventory verification.

References/ Publications
Janardanan, R., S. Maksyutov, T. Oda, and coauthors, (2016), Comparing GOSAT
observations of localized CO2 enhancements by large emitters with inventory-based estimates,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, doi:10.1002/2016GL067843.
Janardanan, R., S. Maksyutov, A. Ito, and coauthors, (2017), Assessment of Anthropogenic Methane
Emissions over Large Regions Based on GOSAT Observations and High Resolution Transport
Modeling, Remote Sensing, 9(9), 941.

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3.Abstracts
3. Abstracts

Institutional Arrangement for GHG Inventory
Mr. Leang Sophal
Cambodia

Abstract
The Kingdom of Cambodia ratified, as a Non-Annex I Party, the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1995 and acceded to the Kyoto Protocol in 2002. The
Initial National Communication (INC) was officially submitted after the ratification in 2002. Currently,
we are preparing the Second National Communication (SNC) in Cambodia in following with first
Biennial Update Report (BUR) that plan to submit mid-June 2019.
Cambodia does not have the permanent GHG Inventory team so far. In 2015, Department of Climate
Change, General Secretariat of National Council for Sustainable Development and as secretariat ofnational focal point entity of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has set
up the national GHG inventory team combined from line ministries/institutions/academies to join thisteam.
Once again, Cambodia’s GHG emissions were estimated at 47,709 GgCO2-eq in 2000 from Energy,
agriculture, land use change and forestry and waste sector, and removal at 48,383 GgCO2-eq. The net
removal was estimated at 674 GgCO2-eq. Hence, Cambodia remained a net sink in the year 2000. In
1994, Cambodia was a net sink country able to offset approximately 5,142 GgCO2-eq.
Each sector and fuel type a list of mitigation options was formulated based on previously successfulprojects, pilot projects, feasibility studies, literature reviews and expert opinion. These mitigation
options were screened based on UNFCCC documentation (UNFCCC 2004) to determine the mostviable options for Cambodia. Related to strategies and policy, we used four short to long term strategies,
namely: short-term win-win strategy; extended short-term win-win finance strategy includes carbon
finance; medium-term green growth support strategy; and long-term green growth planning strategy.
Thanks!

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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Preparation of Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Trends in GHG Emissions
the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), Japan

Abstract
Under Article 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter, Convention) and relevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties, the Annex
I parties including Japan (i.e. developed countries) are required to prepare national greenhouse gas(GHG) inventories and submit them to the Secretariat of the Convention. Moreover, Article 7 of the
Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures, which provides for domestic measures under
the Convention, requires the Government of Japan to annually estimate and make public Japan’s GHG
emissions and removals.
In accordance with these Articles, the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) develops
the GHG inventory in cooperation with private consultant companies under a contract with the
Ministry of the Environment. Before preparing GHG inventories, GIO collects data from relevant
ministries, agencies and organizations to estimate emissions and removals. Based on these data
together with other data from different publications, GIO then compiles the GHG inventory.
Japan’s total GHG emissions in FY2016 were 1,307 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2)equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.; the same shall apply hereafter).
This is a decrease of 1.2% (16 Mt CO2 eq.) and 7.3% (103 Mt CO2 eq.) when compared to the
FY2015 and FY2013 emissions (1,323 Mt CO2 eq. and 1,410 Mt CO2 eq.), respectively, mainly
because of the decrease in energy-related CO2 emissions due to the decrease in energy consumption
through energy conservation, and the increase in the share of non-fossil fuels within the domesticenergy supply brought by the wider adoption of solar and wind power and resumption of nuclear power
plant operation, despite the increase in hydrofluorocarbon emissions from refrigerants that substitutefor ozone-depleting substances.
This is also a decrease of 5.2% (72 Mt CO2 eq.) when compared to the FY2005 emissions (1,379
Mt CO2 eq.), mainly due to the decrease in energy-related CO2 emissions owing to the decrease inenergy consumption through energy conservation, despite the increase in hydrofluorocarbon emissions
from refrigerants that substitute for ozone-depleting substances.

Access to relevant information
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/index-j.html

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3.Abstracts
3. Abstracts

Bridging the Data Gap: A National Disaggregation Effort
to Support Sub-National GHG Estimates
Chirag Gajjar, Subrata Chakrabarty
WRI India, India

Abstract
With the Paris Agreement, the importance of frequent reporting of GHG emissions is now morecrucial than ever to design robust climate actions. In the case of India, official GHG inventories areavailable for the year 1990, 2000, 2007 and 2010. These inventories, however, do not provide indepth details of activity data and emission factor corresponding to the methodologies followed toarrive at the emissions estimate. To establish a trend and identify emission hotspots to drive robust
climate actions a time-series of emissions estimates are necessary. A recent economy-wide GHG
emissions would be a prerequisite.
With this background, WRI India along with other civil society organizations in India collaborated
to develop time-series of GHG estimates. This is a humongous task and therefore, different researchorganizations took sectoral responsibilities to determine GHG emissions from key economic sectors
like energy, industrial energy use and industrial process and product use (IPPU), waste andagriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU).
A system was designed with formation of secretariat and sectoral partners with pre-defined roles
and responsibilities. To enhance confidence for intended users of these GHG estimates, peer review
was integrated into the system. WRI India developed the guidance framework based on IPCC goodpractice guidance. This new framework aligns with internationally followed reporting of GHG
estimates and allows for national datasets to be disaggregated to the subnational level estimates.
Disaggregation to City Level
In order to accelerate climate action at the city level, there is also a need to make activity data andemission factors available at city level in an open and transparent manner. WRI is developing a newplatform which provides cities with some of the estimates cities need for city level strategies andprioritizing local actions. The platform will make use of community-scale GPC guidelines to develop
methodology for scaling down national and sub-national estimates to city level.
The poster will highlight the system developed by WRI in three key economic sectors using India
as an example at the sub-national level. It will also showcase the platform focused on time-scaling
national and state level emissions data. The methodology and data collection and analysis can beused to inform national inventory development, data improvement, and policy planning.

References

http://www.ghgplatform-india.org/

Access to relevant information
http://www.ghgplatform-india.org/

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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIESNC Preparation of Myanmar (Data Collection and Archiving)
Ms.Thin Thuzar Win
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar

Abstract
The Union of the Republic of Myanmar rectified UNFCCC at 1994 and Kyoto protocol at 2004.
And also rectified Paris Agreement at 19th Sept,2017. According with the UNFCCC frame work as a
Non Annex – 1 party, we submitted Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) on 2015
and now revised into its nationally determined contributions (NDC). In Our NDC Mitigation focus
on Forestry, Energy, Transportation and Waste sectors. Adaptation mainly focus on Agriculture,
Forestry, Early warning System, Public Health, Water Resource Management, Costal zone Protection
and Biodiversity Preservation.
Initial National Communication INC submitted at 2012 and base line inventory year is 2000.
Myanmar is one of agriculture country, main GHGs emissions are from Agricultural sector. Becauseof 40% of land area is cover with forest, carbon removal amount is more than emission amount, so
Myanmar submitted carbon sink country in year 2000 of INC.
Now, we prepare Second National Communication and First Biannual Update Report. We plan tosubmit SNC at the end of 2019 and BUR-1 is at 2020. There are five Thematic Working Group for
SNC preparation. Environmental Conservation Department (from Ministry of Natural Resource andEnvironmental Conservation) is the focal and other relevant ministries are coordinated. Project
activities of national GHGs inventory are Institutional arrangement, capacity building of the working
task force, Development of Data Archiving for activity data and emission factor and update of
GHG Inventory from year 2000 to 2010 .Software and Tools for GHG Inventory are UNFCCC
Inventory software, IPCC 2006 Guide line (Version 2.54) and Emission Factor Data Base and ALU
software. We collect data from relevant ministries and also international agencies (IEA, FAO, UN –Sat, REDD+).
Due to active participation of government agencies, NGHGI – Myanmar will be able to sit upon
existing institutional structure and will strengthen its capacities in GHG inventory as well as
mitigation to achieve UNFCCC reporting requirement to submit NC and BUR in timely manner.

References/ Publications
Myanmar’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution 2015
Myanmar Initial National Communication under 2012

Access to relevant information
The above documents are already on UNFCCC’s website

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

4.Report on Mutual Learning Session

4

Report on Mutual Learning Session
4.1 Overview of the Mutual Learning

Mutual Learning (ML) is an activity to improve the individual countries’ inventories through thefollowing series of processes: 1) exchanging inventories between two countries; 2) learning from apartner’s inventory; and 3) exchanging comments on each other’s inventories. The primary purpose of
the ML is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of methods and data for GHG
emission/removal estimation between two countries and exchanging comments on the methods anddata. The ML is also expected to foster and strengthen a cooperative relationship among GHG
inventory experts. Since the aim of the ML is not criticism or audit, participants can conduct a twoway communication, not a one-way communication like an examiner versus an examinee.
The first Mutual Learning was held on the Waste sector between GIO and Korea Environment
Corporation (KECO) in the annual workshop in 2008. The Secretariat of WGIA introduced this activity
in WGIA8 held in 2010. With the participants’ agreement, ML has been held in the following WGIAs
as one of the sessions.
Table 4.1.1 History of Mutual Learning

GeneralEnergy2008-2010
2010

WGIA8

2011

WGIA9

-

2012

WGIA10-2013

WGIA11-

2014

WGIA12-

2015

WGIA13

JapanVietnam

2016

WGIA14-2017

WGIA15-2018

WGIA16IP
Agriculture
LULUCF
Trial implementation Japan- Korea

Waste

Introduction to ML (with hands-on training)-

IndonesiaMongolia--

CambodiaThailand
Lao PDRThailand
IndonesiaMyanmar

IndonesiaJapan--

BruneiKorea
MongoliaVietnam
IndiaVietnam

MyanmarMalaysia

IndonesiaVietnam
ChinaMyanmar
ChinaMongolia
IndonesiaLao PDR-*Reporting from Vietnam with comments from experts

-

-

-

-

-

JapanLao PDR-

IndonesiaCambodiaKorea
ChinaKorea
MalaysiaVietnam

Vietnam*-

CambodiaMongolia
IndonesiaLao PDR
Lao PDR Myanmar-

KoreaMyanmar
MongoliaThailand
ChinaPhilippines
JapanLao PDR

Participants
In December 2017, the WGIA Secretariat advertised the ML to the participants of WGIA, andreceived applications from 7 parties. Considering the requirements of the applicants, an appropriatebalance among sectors, and the feasibility of implementation, the WGIA Secretariat set up two pairs(India and Vietnam on Energy sector, and Lao PDR and Japan on Waste sector) in April 2018.
Preparation
A few months before WGIA16, the chosen participants in the ML submitted the materials of theirinventories to the WGIA Secretariat, including worksheets used for estimating emissions and reports
describing details of methodologies, and exchanged the materials with their partner countries throughthe Secretariat. Through studying the materials provided by the partner country, the participants foundgood points as well as issues to improve in the partner’s inventory. They also found issues to clarify
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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session
by questions. Thus, participants wrote such comments and questions to their partner countries onto
“Question and Answer Sheets”. After that, the “Question and Answer Sheets” were shared with thepartner countries through the Secretariat. The partner countries responded to these comments andquestions before WGIA16 took place.
Table 4.1.2 Preparation Process of Mutual Learning
Process
Schedule
Material submission
May 2018
Material exchange
May 2018
Studying the materials
May 2018
Comment exchange
June 2018
Answers to comments
June 2018
Sessions
10th July 2018
SectorEnergy
Waste

Table 4.1.3 Submitted Materials for the MLs
Country
Inventory
BUR1 in 2016, SNC in 2012
India
Vietnam
BUR2 in 2017
Lao PDRFirst draft report on GHG inventory for BUR1
Japan
GHG inventory in 2018

Discussions
In the WGIA16, the ML participants were divided into two sessions (Energy and Waste) to discuss
sector-specific issues based on preliminary comment exchanges. In order to encourage a frank
discussion and to ensure confidence, these sessions were held as closed-door discussions.
In these sessions, participants discussed their counterpart's inventory and national system, sharing
their own technical issues (e.g., data collection, adoption of emission factors, national system, etc.)with the partner to overcome the obstacles, and clarifying matters in their own inventory which shouldbe improved. Through the discussions, they recognized that the inventories of participant countries
have been continuously improved by adopting the methodologies of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
Closely studying the improvement of not only methodology of the counterpart countries’ inventories
but also their national system for data collection and quality assurance/quality control, participants
found hints for improvements of their own inventories. To enhance further opportunities to learn fromother countries’ inventory, participants expressed their hope for continuous implementation of the ML
programme in future WGIAs.
The points of discussions and outcomes of each individual ML session are summarized in thefollowing sections (4.2 - 4.5).

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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

4.Report on Mutual Learning Session

4.2 Energy Sector
Sector Overview
India and Vietnam participated in an ML session on the Energy sector. General information of thetwo countries is shown in Table 4.2.1 below.
Table 4.2.1 Sector Overview for the ML on Energy Sector
India
VietnamNational total GHG
1,884,309 (in 2010,
259,024 (in 2013, BUR2017)
emissions (kt-CO2 eq., with BUR2016)
LULUCF)GHG emissions in the
1,510,121 (in 2010,
151,403 (in 2013, BUR2017)
Energy sector (kt-CO2 eq.)
BUR2016)
Responsible agency for the
Ministry of Environment,
Ministry of Natural
inventory
Forest and Climate Change Resources and Environment(MoEFCC)(MONRE)
Estimation methodology
Revised 1996 IPCC
Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines and partially
Guidelines and partially 2006
2006 IPCC Guidelines
IPCC Guidelines
Source of emission factors
In principle, IPCC default
In principle, IPCC default
values and partially country- values and partially countryspecific values
specific values
Source of activity data
National Statistics
Energy Balance Table inVietnam and National
Statistics
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA16, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to the Energy sector two and a half months before the workshop. The exchanged documents
were as follows:
India- Second National Communication submitted in 2012
- First Biennial Update Report submitted in 2016
- Excel files with estimation worksheets of mobile combustion from 2008 to 2010
- Excel files with estimation worksheets of stationary combustion in 2010
Vietnam- Second Biennial Update Report submitted in 2017
- Excel files with estimation worksheets of energy sector in 2013
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided questions
and comments to their partner country approximately 2 weeks before the workshop. The classificationand the number of questions are summarized in Table 4.2.2.

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session
Table 4.2.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on Energy Sector
Number of questions
Classification of questions
from Vietnam
from India
to Indiato Vietnam
Acquisition of activity data31
Adoption of emission factors or parameters
2
3
Estimation methods
3
1
Institutional arrangement
1
1
Others1
1
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’ preparationof GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and Solutions
Some issues were pointed out through the ML as follows:India1) India has decentralized system among ministries, with MoEFCC as the nodal Ministry.
2) There is already a system of data collection in place, which helps build a more country-specific(CS) inventory, but the CS data do not necessarily fit international data (e.g. International
Energy Agency).
Vietnam1) Vietnam has currently centralized system, but in the near future, line ministries will prepare theinventory for the energy sector with more detail (maybe Tier 3) that will help the
implementation and MRV of the nationally determined contribution (NDC).
2) It is better to provide an uncertainty range for CS EF of fugitive emissions from undergroundcoal mines to justify the factor that is significantly different from the default value.
➢Good Practices
Some good practices were pointed out through the ML as follows:
India1) At each submission, some part of the inventory is improved– e.g. raising the Tier for a category,etc.
2) Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) plan is in place.
3) India is slowly moving to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
4) National research institutions are involved in the respective areas - e.g. improving EFs.
5) National experts are involved in IPCC and UNFCCC processes – understanding of
methodology/reporting is enhanced.
6) Rigorous review is undergone– including compiler peer review, review by ministries (dataproviders), top governmental level review, and review by civil society.
Vietnam
1) A legal document defining the national inventory system (NIS) is in place – a network iscreated to work with stakeholders such as data providers
2) Improvement is made at each inventory cycle – e.g. recalculation and uncertainty analysis
added in the most recent cycle3) Vietnam plans to move to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines4) Vietnam closely contacts with technical analysis (TA) team – e.g. integrating suggestions from43
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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

4.Report on Mutual Learning Session

the TA into the next report
5) AD for BUR2 is much more transparent– the national inventory report and data collection
report (the latter for the internal consideration process only)➢ Follow-up Activities
The following were pointed out as possible follow-up activities:
1) Improving inventory compilers’ skill through various training
2) Developing NIS and data collection systems/formats – Provision of Japanese examples/input
might be useful3) Developing a common format – being in line with the guidelines but also making it fit eachcountry’s needs
Table 4.2.3 Participants in the ML on Energy Sector
PartiesName
Organization
India
Dr. J R Bhatt
MoEFCCMr. Ajay Raghava
MoEFCC
Mr. Lokesh Chandra Dube
MoEFCC
Dr. Nayanika Singh
MoEFCC
Dr. Abhijit Basu
MoEFCC
Dr. Himangana Gupta
MoEFCC
Central Institute for Mining and Fuel Research
Dr. Pinaki Sarkar(CIMFR)
Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh
CIMFR
Dr. D Mohanty
CIMFR
Dr. Amit Garg
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA)
Dr. Sunil Pathak
Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP)
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya
IORA Ecological Solutions
National Environmental Engineering Research
Dr. M KarthikInstitute (NEERI)Mr. Iranna Gogeri
CSIR-IIP Dehradun
Mr. Prakash Lakhchora
Forest Survey of India (FSI), Dehradun
Dr. G Mondal
National Dairy Research InstituteVietnam
Ms. Ngoc Thi Bich Tran
MONRE, Department of Climate Change,
Greenhouse Gases Emission Reduction and Ozone
layer protection
Ms. Hue Thi Minh Nguyen
MONRE, Vietnam
Department of Climate Change, Centre for
Responding to Climate Change
Mr. Hoa Xuan Vuong
Viet Nam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology andClimate Change, Journal of Climate Change Science
Facilitators Mr. Naofumi Kosaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
and(Facilitator)
Resource
Ms. Akiko Tanaka
GIO
persons(Facilitator)
Mr. Takashi Morimoto(Resource person)
Mr. Masaaki Nakamura(Resource person)

Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.
(MURC)
MURC

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

Observers

Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka(Resource person)
Mr. Nobuhiro Kino
(Workshop organizer)
Mr. Takumi Ichikawa(Workshop organizer)
Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri(WGIA Secretariat)
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka(WGIA Secretariat)

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan(MOEJ)
MOEJ
GIO
GIO

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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

4.Report on Mutual Learning Session

4.3 Waste Sector
Sector Overview
Japan and Lao PDR participated in a ML session for the Waste sector. The general information of
the two countries is shown in Table 4.3.1 .
Table 4.3.1 Sector Overview for the ML on Waste SectorJapan
Lao PDR
National total GHG
1,269,900 (in 2016, GHG
50,743 (in 2000, SNC2013)
emissions (kt-CO2 eq.,
Inventory 2018)with LULUCF)
GHG emissions in the
21,640 (in 2016, GHG
132 (in 2000, SNC2013)
Waste sector (kt-CO2 eq.)
Inventory 2018)
Ministry of National Natural
Responsible agency for the Ministry of the Environment
Resources and Environment
inventory
Estimation methodology
Country-specific methodology, Tier 1 of the 2006 IPCC
Tier 2 and Tier 3 of the 2006 Guidelines
IPCC Guidelines
Source of emission factors Country-specific emission
IPCC default values
factors and IPCC default values
Source of activity data
National statistics
National statistics andEstimations from population
statistics
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA16, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to GHG emission estimation of the sector with each other two months before the workshop.
The exchanged documents were as follows:
Lao PDR:- Waste Sector-GHG Inventory 2014 (First draft report on GHG inventory for BUR1)
Japan:- National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report (NIR) of Japan 2018
- Common reporting format (CRF) of Japan 2018
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided questions
and comments to their partner country approximately one month before the workshop. The
classification and the number of the questions are shown in Table 4.3.2.

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session
Table 4.3.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on Waste Sector
Number of questions
Classification of question
from the Lao PDR to from Japan to Lao
Japan
PDR
Acquisition of activity data
16Adoption of emission factors or0
2
parameters
Estimation methods
2
3
Institutional arrangement
12
Waste management21
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’ preparation of
GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and solutions / Outstanding issues
Main issues discussed in the session were as follows:<Activity data>
1. Importance of cooperating with line Ministries for collecting AD
2. Importance of regular update of AD (amount of waste and waste composition) in order toreflect rapid economic growth
3. Importance of estimating historical waste data for First Order Decay (FOD) method by using
an appropriate driver<Improvement of GHG inventory>
1. Separation of calculation files of Laos’ inventory based on different methane conversion
factors (MCF) for unmanaged solid waste disposal site (SWDS) for Vientiane capital andother provinces based on the depth of SWDS
2. Use of country-specific data for Key categories based on research in the country< Mitigation>
1. Consideration of capacity of incinerator as one of the key criteria when considering the
installation of power generation at waste incinerator<Challenges>
1. Necessity of further efforts to ensure the consistency among data from different data sources➢Good Practices
Good practices of participant countries’ inventories were pointed out as follows.
Lao PDR:
1. Application of methodologies of the 2006 IPCC GLs including the FOD method
2. Establishment of organizational arrangements for waste data collection
Japan:
1. Transparent explanation and accurate GHG calculation
2. Cooperation with private sectors for collecting AD and developing EFs➢Follow-up activity
The following was pointed out as a possible follow-up activity:
1. After finalizing the GHG inventory with updating EFs and AD of Lao PDR, the revised results
would be shared with Japan

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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

4.Report on Mutual Learning Session➢Suggestions for future ML
Suggestions for future ML from participants were as follows.
- Inclusion of topics for mitigation, projection and MRV- Inclusion of some case studies related to GHG inventory- Consideration for collaboration activities between participating countries for EF development.
Parties
Lao PDR

Japan

Table 4.3.3 Participants in the ML on Waste Sector
Name
Organization
Title
Mr. Immala
Ministry of Natural Resources and Director of Division
Inthaboualy
Environment (MONRE), GHC
inventory and Mitigation Division Deputy Director of Division
Mr. Boun Eua
Khamphilavanh
Mr. Mone
Ministry of Natural Resources and Consultant
Nouansyvong
Environment (MONRE),
Department of Climate Change
Mr. Hiroyuki Ueda
Mitsubishi UFJ Research andSenior Analyst(Facilitator)
Consulting Co., Ltd.
Ms. Yui Ogawa
AnalystDr. Takefumi Oda
GHG Inventory Office of JapanGHG Inventory Expert(GIO),
National
Institutefor
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi
GHG Inventory Expert
Environmental Studies (NIES)
Mr. Tetsuhiro Tanaka Ministry of the Environment,
Official(Workshop organizer) Government of Japan

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Annex I: Agenda

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Annex I: Agenda

The 16th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA16)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification Period: 10th – 13th July 2018,
Venue: The Lalit New Delhi (India)

8:30 - 9:00
9:00-12:30
SectorCombination ofParticipating Countries
Room
Facilitators

Day 1: Morning, 10th July 2018
Registration
Mutual Learning (Closed session: open only for countries participatingin the session, facilitators, resource persons, and the WGIA Secretariat)
EnergyWaste
India – Vietnam
Lao PDR – Japan
Regency III
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)

Rapporteurs

Regency IV
Mr. Hiroyuki Ueda (MURC)

Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO), Dr Himangana Gupta, Dr Abhijit Basu and Dr
Nayanika Singh (MoEFCC)
Note: Mutual learning sessions are closed sessions in order to secure confidentiality of information
so that countries participating in each mutual learning session can provide unpublishedinformation. Therefore, only participating countries in each session, facilitators, resource persons
and the WGIA Secretariat can enter each of the rooms. In addition, facilitators and resource
persons will be registered in advance and receive confirmation of participation from the countries
engaging in mutual learning and the WGIA Secretariat.
12:30-14:00
Lunch
Day 1: Afternoon, 10th July
14:00-17:30
Hands-on Training on Using the IPCC Inventory Software (IPCC TFI)
SectorAgriculture
F gases
Room
Regency I
Regal
19:30 – 22:00

Welcome Reception hosted by India

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Annex I
Day 2: Morning, 11th July, 2018
8:30 - 9:00
9:00 – 11:00

Registration
Opening Session

9:00 – 9:10

Room:
Crystal Ballroom
Welcome Address

9:10 – 9:15

Welcome Address

Mr. Nobuhiro Kino, Director of Low
Carbon Society Promotion Office, MOEJ

9:15 – 9:25
9:25 – 9:40

Overview of WGIA16
Presentation on India’s GHG preparation

Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Prof. Amit Garg (IIM Ahmedabad)

9:40 – 9:55

Presentation on Japan’s Achievement on
Climate Change

Mr. Takumi Ichikawa, Chief official, Low
Carbon Society Office, Ministry ofEnvironment, Japan

9:55- 10:00

Key Note Address

Dr. A.K. Mehta, Additional Secretary,
MoEFCC

10:00- 10:05

Special Address

10:05- 10:10

Special Address

10:10- 10:25

Inaugural Address

Mr. Hideki Asari, Charge d'affaires adinterim of Japan, Embassy of Japan in
India
Mr. Siddanta Das, Director General ofForest and Special Secretary, MoEFCC
Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Minister ofEnvironment, Forest and Climate Change,India

10:25- 10:35
10:35 – 11:00
11:00 – 12:30

Questions and Answers
All
Group Photo & Tea BreakSession I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update
Reports (BURs) from non-Annex I Parties and Preparing for the Enhanced
Transparency Framework
Room:
Crystal Ballroom

MC:
Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri

Rapporteur:
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Dr. J. R. Bhatt, Advisor of MoEFCC

Co-Chairs:
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/ TFI)
and Prof. Amit Garg (IIM A)

Rapporteur:
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)

11:00 – 11:15

Updates on the Third National Communication (TNC)and initial Biennial Update Report (iBUR) of theMongolia

Ms. Sanaa Enkhtaivan/
Ms. Gerelmaa Shaariibuu(Mongolia)

11:15 – 11:30

Papua New Guinea's Second National Communications
ReportSharing the Experience of the Second BUR and ICA of
the Republic of Korea

Mr. Erick Immanuel Sarut(PNG)
Dr. Hyung-Wook Choi
(ROK)

Current Status of Negotiations and Prospects for theTransparency Framework under the Paris Agreement
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52

Mr. Takashi Morimoto(MURC)

11:30 – 11:45
11:45 – 12:00

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES
All

12:00 – 12:30
12:30 – 14:00

Questions and Answers
Lunch

14:00 – 15:50

Session II: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from non-Annex I Parties
Room:
Co-Chairs: Sumana Bhattacharya Rapporteur:
Crystal Ballroom (AB/ IORA Ecological Solutions)
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
and Dr. Atul Bagai (UNEP)

14:00 – 14:20

The Kigali Amendment and the Status of Reporting of
Fluorinated Gases under the UNFCCC Emissions,
Methods, and Gaps
Development of F-gas Emissions Estimation from nonAnnex I Parties: A Case Study of Thailand
Questions and Answers, Discussion
Estimating Fluorinated Gas from the Industrial Processes
and Product Use Sector
Estimation of Fluorinated Gases Emission from
Semiconductor Industry
Questions and Answers, Discussion
Tea BreakSession III: Data Collection and Archiving
Room:
Co-Chairs: Dr. Sirintornthep
CrystalTowprayoon (AB/ King Mongkut’s
Ballroom
University of Technology Thonburi)
and Prof. Kirit Parikh (IRADe)
Bhutan Carbon Neutral (Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Institutional Arrangements)

14:20 – 14:35
14:35 – 15:00
15:00 – 15:15
15:15 – 15:30
15:30 – 15:50
15:50 – 16:20
16:20 – 18:00

16:20 – 16:35
16:35 – 16:50

One GHG Emission Data Policy of Indonesia

16:50 – 17:10
17:10 – 17:25

Questions and Answers, Discussion
Developing a GHG Inventory Management System for
Korean Energy Sector
Data Development Approach for National Forest
Inventory in Japan
Questions and Answers, Discussion

17:25 – 17:40
17:40 – 18:00

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53

Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Dr. Kraichat Tantakarnapa(Thailand)
All
Dr. Elizabeth Philip(Malaysia)
Mr. Pitt Yu Zhe (Singapore)All
Rapporteur:
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Mr. Dawa Chogyel/
Mr. Rinzin Namgay(Bhutan)Dr. Joko Prihatno(Indonesia)
All
Dr. Sung-kyun Kim (RoK)Mr. Masaya Nishimura
(FAJ)
All

Annex I
9:00 – 12:00

9:00 – 9:15
9:15 – 9:30
9:30 – 9:45
9:45 – 10:15
10:15– 11:00
11:00 – 11:15
11:15 – 11:30
11:30 – 12:00
12:00 – 13:30
13:30 – 15:00
15:00 – 16:30

Day 3 Morning, 12th July 2018
Session IV: GHG Inventories, Projections, and Related Activities
Room:
Co-Chairs:
Rapporteur:
Crystal Ballroom Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) and Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Dr. K. J. Ramesh (IMD)
IPCC TFI: Recent Activities
Mr. Andrej Kranjc(IPCC/TFI/TSU)
Australia’s National System for GHG Inventory Reporting Ms. Monami Das Gupta(Australia)
Emissions Projections of GHGs and Air Pollutants in the Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka (NIES)
Transport Sector and Importance of Improving National
GHG Inventories
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll
Tea BreakUse of GHG Observations by Satellites for Estimating
Dr. Shamil Maksyutov
Surface Emissions(NIES)
Black Carbon in the Atmosphere:
Dr. Yutaka Kondo (NIPR)
Importance, Emission Estimates, and Monitoring
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Lunch
Day 3 Afternoon, 12th July
Poster Session

15:00 – 15:15

Wrap-up Session
Room:
Co-chairs: Dr. A K Mehta (MoEFCC) and
Crystal Ballroom
Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)
Summary of the Mutual Learning Sessions
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)

15:15 – 15:30
15:30– 15:45
15:45 – 16:00

Discussion
Tea BreakSummary of the Plenary Sessions

All
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)

16:00 – 16:10 Discussion
Closing Remarks
16:10 – 16:20 Closing Remarks
16:20 – 16:30 Closing Remarks

All
Dr. A K Mehta (MoEFCC)
Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)

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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

17:00 – 17:30
17:30 – 18:00

Day 3 Evening, 12th July
Joint Meeting of the WGIA Organizing Committee and Advisory Board(Members of the OC and AB, and the WGIA Secretariat are required to attend)
Chair: Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Review of Activities in WGIA16
All
Discussion on Topics for WGIA17
All

8:30 – 14:00

Study Tour, 13th July 2018
Site visit to International Solar Alliance and National Institute of Solar Energy

17:00 – 18:00

Poster Sessions
13:30 –
15:00
Number
P-1

Topic
3

Title
Introduction of GHG data
information system in Korea

P-2

3

P-3

3,
7

PNG's Institutional Arrangement for
the Development of its National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory data andstatistics
China's Institutional Arrangement for
National GHG Inventory Preparation

P-4

1

P-5

1

P-6

2

P-7

7

Cambodia's Institutional
Arrangement for National GHG
Inventory

P-8

7

P-9

7

P-10

6

Preparation of Japan’s National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Trends in GHG Emissions
Bridging the Data Gap: A National
Disaggregation Effort to Support
Sub-National GHG Estimates
Bhutan Carbon Neutral (Greenhouse
Gas Inventory Institutional
Arrangements)

Seasonal methane emissions fromlandfill sites of Republic of Korea
A study on the emission
characteristics of GHGs according towaste characteristics (Fluidized bed
incinerating facility)
Space based GHG monitoring withGOSAT satellite

53
55

Name, Organization
Kyeongah Ahn
Greenhouse gas Inventory and Research
center of Korea
Larsen Daboyan
Papua New Guinea Climate Change &Development Authority
Su Mingshan, Zhu Songli, Ma Cuimei
National Center for Climate Change
Strategy and International Cooperation(NCSC)Myoung-seok Lee
Korea Environment Corporation(K-eco)
Byeong-guk Jeon
Korea Environment Corporation(K-eco)
Shamil Maksyutov, Tsuneo Matsunaga
National Institute for Environmental
Studies, Japan
Leang Sophal, Sum Cheat
Department of Climate Change, General
Secretariat of National Council for
Sustainable Development/Ministry ofEnvironment
GIO of Japan
Chirag Gajjar, Subrata Chakrabarty
World Resource Institute India, India
Dawa Chogyel, Rinzin Namgay (Bhutan)

Annex II: List of Participants

CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Annex II

Annex II: List of Participants

Mr. Atul Bakai
Country Head Office, United Nations
Environment

BY PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES(Alphabetical order by family name)

Dr. Abhijit Basu
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeBRUNEI
Mr. Abdul Matiin Kasim
Renewable Energy Unit,
Ministry of Energy and Industry,

Dr. Arti Bhatia
Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Mr. Muhd Nabih Fakhri Matussin
Renewable & Alternative Energy,
Brunei National Energy Research Institute

Mr. Bharat Bhatt
Inter University Centers
Dr. JR Bhatt
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeCAMBODIA
Mr. Sophal Leang
General Secretariat of National Council for
Sustainable Development, Ministry ofEnvironment, Department of Climate Change

Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya
IORA Ecological Solutions

Mr. Cheat Sum
National Council for Sustainable Development,
Ministry of Environment
Department of Climate Change

Ms. Tanvi Bonjale
IORA Ecological Solutions

CHINA
Ms. Cuimei Ma
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation,
Statistics and Assessment Department

Mr. Lokesh C Dube
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeMr. Rajiv Kumar Chatmer
Indian Institute of Science

Dr. Amit Garg
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

Prof. Mingshan Su
Statistics and Assessment Department
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation

Mr. Rajesh Gawande
Ministry of External Affairs
Mr. Iranna Gogeri
Indian Institute of Petroleum

Prof. Songli Zhu
Environment and Climate Change Division
Energy Research Institute, National
Development and Reform Commission

Dr. Himangana Gupta
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeINDIA
Mr. Varun Agarwal
Confederation of Indian Industry

Dr. Niveta Jain
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
Ms. Pooja Jain
Central Electricity Authority

Dr. Seema Arora
Confederation of Indian Industry
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Annex II

CGER-I142-2017, CGER/NIES

Mr. Sanjay Jain
Central Electricity Authority

Dr. Sunil Pathak
Indian Institute of Petroleum

Dr. C.S. Jha
National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad

Ms. Surabhi Pathak
Confederation of Indian Industry

Dr. M Karthik
National Environmental Engineering ResearchInstitute

Mr. Ajay Raghava
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeMr. Rajesh Kumar
Forest Survey of India, Dehradun

Mr. Vikas Rana
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeMr. Rajiv Kumar
Indian Institute of Science

Mr. Rajnath Rem
National Institute for Transforming India Aayog

Mr. Rakesh Kumar
International Solar Alliance

Mrs. Naaz Rizvi
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeMr. Shivendra Kumar
Durdarshan

Dr. Pinaki Sarkar
Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research

Mr. Prakash Lakhchora
Forest Survey of India, Dehradun

Mr. Kamal Sharma
National Physical Laboratory

Mr. Krishna Madan
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeDr. Ajay Kumar Singh
Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research

Dr. D Mohanty
Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research

Dr. Nayanika Singh
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeDr. Madhu Mohini
National Dairy Research Institute
Dr. G Mondal
National Dairy Research Institute

Dr. Shakti Singh
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeDr. Indu K Murthy
Indian Institute of Science

Mrs. Anandi Subramaniam
Ministry

Mr. Vijay Kumar Oberoi
Durdarshan

Ms. Simi Thembi
National Institute for Transforming India Aayog

Ms. Shweta Pandey
IORA Ecological Solutions

Dr. Atul Vaidya
National Environmental Engineering ResearchInstitute

Dr. Kirit Parikh
Integrated Research and Action for
Development

Ms. Priyanka Yadav
Confederation of Indian Industry
55
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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Annex IIINDONESIA
Mr. Budiharto
Directorate of GHG Inventory and MRV,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Prof. Yutaka Kondo
National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
Arctic Environment Research Center
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Joko Prihatno
Directorate of GHG Inventory and MRV,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Dr. Shamil MaksyutovCenter for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

JAPAN
Mr. Hideki Asari
Embassy of Japan in India

Mr. Sho Miura
Economic Section
Embassy of Japan in India

Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka
Center for Social and Environmental System
Research, National Institute for Environmental
Studies

Mr. Tetsuharu Miyamoto
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Elsa Hatanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Takashi Morimoto
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Ms. Atsuko Hayashi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Masaaki Nakamura
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.
Mr. Masaya Nishimura
Forestry Agency, Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries Japan / Forest Multiple
Use and Conservation Division, Private Forest
Department

Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Mr. Takumi Ichikawa
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment of Japan

Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Naoko Ikeda
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Takefumi Oda
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Hiroshi Ito
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Yui Ogawa
Environment and Energy Dept.
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.

Mr. Nobuhiro Kino
The Ministry of Environment
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Annex II

CGER-I142-2017, CGER/NIES

Ms. Akiko Tanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Gerelmaa Shaariibuu
Environment and Climate Fund, Ministry ofEnvironment and Tourism of Mongolia, Climate
Change Project Implementing Unit

Mr. Tetsuhiro Tanaka
The Ministry of Environment

MYANMARMr. Hein Latt
Pollution Control Division, Environmental
Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environmental Conservation

Mr. Hiroyuki Ueda
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Ms.Thin Thuzar Win
Climate Change Division, Environmental
Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environmental Conservation

Mr. Hiromi Yoshinaga
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

PHILIPPINES
Mr. Sealtiel Patino
Strategic Partnership Division
Climate Change Commission – PhilippinesLAO PDR.
Mr. Immala Inthaboualy
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Mr. Boun Eua Khamphilavanh
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Ms. Kyeongah Ahn
GHG Inventory Management Team,Greenhouse
Gas Inventory Research Center of Korea

Mr. Mone Nouansyvong
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Dr. Hyung-Wook Choi
GHG Inventory Management TeamGreenhouse Gas Inventory Research Center of
Korea

Mr. Bounthee Saythongvanh
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
MALAYSIA
Dato' Dr Azimuddin Bahari
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Byeong-guk Jeon
GHG Information Team,
Dept. of Climate Change Action
Korea Environment Corporation

Dr. Elizabeth M P. Philip
Climate change Programme,
Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Mr. Hokyung Jung
GHG Inventory Management TeamGreenhouse Gas Inventory Research Center of
Korea

MONGOLIA
Ms. Sanaa Enkhatavan
Environment and Climate Fund, Ministry ofEnvironment and Tourism of Mongolia, Climate
Change Project Implementing Unit

Dr. Sung-kyun Kim
Energy Demand and Supply Division
Korea Energy Economics Institute
Mr. Myong-seok Lee
GHG Information Team,
Dept. of Climate Change Action
Korea Environment Corporation

Mr. Ganbaatar Khurelbaatar
Environment and Climate Fund, Ministry ofEnvironment and Tourism of Mongolia
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CGER-I142-2018, CGER/NIES

Annex IIOTHERSMr. Young-kyu Lee
GHG Information Team,
Dept. of Climate Change Action
Korea Environment Corporation

IPCC TFI TSU
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Technical Support Unit, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change

Ms. Eunae Seo
Statistics Analysis Division,
Korea Energy Agency

Mr. Andrej Kranjc
Technical Support Unit, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change

SINGAPORE
Ms. Hui Ling Winne Chia
Climate Change Programme Department
National Environment Agency

Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe
Co-Chair, Task Force on National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change

Mr. Yu Zhe Pitt
Climate Change Programme Department
National Environment Agency

WRI
Mr. Subrata Chakrabarty
Climate Action & Date
World Resources Institute of India

THAILAND
Dr. Kraichat Tantrakarnapa
MAHIDOL University
Faculty of Tropical Medicine

AUSTRALIA
Ms. Monami Das Gupta
International Climate Change and Energy
Innovation Division
Department of the Environment and Energy

Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi
Ms. Sasiwimon Wichadee
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental
Policy and Planning

BHUTANMr. Dawa Chogyel
Environment Unit, Department of Industry,
Ministry of Economic Affairs

VIETNAM
Ms. Hue Thi Minh Nguyen
MONRE, Vietnam
Department of Climate Change
Centre for Responding to Climate Change

Mr. Rinzin Namgay
Information Management,
National Environment Commission
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Mr. Larsen Daboyan
MRV and National Communications,Papua New Guinea Climate Change &Development Authority,

Ms. Ngoc Thi Bich Tran
MONRE, Department of Climate Change
Greenhouse Gases Emission Reduction andOzone layer protection
Mr. Hoa Xuan Vuong
Viet Nam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology
and Climate Change
Journal of Climate Change Science

Mr. Erick Immanuel Sarut
MRV and National Communications,Papua New Guinea Climate Change &Development Authority,
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