CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I131-2016

Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA14)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification 26th-28th July 2016, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I131-2016

Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA14)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification 26th-28th July 2016, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA14)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp
Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
Copyright 2016:
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any
information retrieval system, without permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does
not own the copyrights to the presentation materials contained in this publication.
All copies in PDF format are available from: http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A), in
accordance with the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods
and Services by the State and Other Entities.

Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................. i
Preface ..................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................... iii
Photos of the Workshop ......................................................................................................... v
1
Executive Summary of WGIA14 ................................................................................. 1
2
Workshop Report ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1

Opening Session .........................................................................................................................5

2.2

Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports(BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties ...........................................................................................6

2.3

Session II: Institutional Arrangement for National GHG Inventory and BUR ..................7

2.4

Session III: Good Practices for the ICA process ....................................................................8

2.5

Session IV: Activities with Co-benefits for GHG Inventories or Mitigation, and Related
support ........................................................................................................................................9

2.6

Wrap-up Session ......................................................................................................................10

3

Abstracts ...................................................................................................................... 13

3.2

Session I ....................................................................................................................................14

3.3

Session II ..................................................................................................................................18

3.4

Session III .................................................................................................................................22

3.5

Session IV .................................................................................................................................26

3.6

Poster Session ...........................................................................................................................32

4

Report on Mutual Learning Session ......................................................................... 49

4.2

Energy.......................................................................................................................................51

4.3

Industrial Processes Sector .....................................................................................................54

4.4

Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector ...............................................................57

4.5

Waste Sector ............................................................................................................................60

3.1

4.1

Opening Session .......................................................................................................................13

Overview of the Mutual Learning..........................................................................................49

Annex I: Agenda ................................................................................................................... 63
Annex II: List of Participants ............................................................................................. 71

Foreword

The international community now recognizes increases in anthropogenic emissions ofGreenhouse Gases (GHGs) as the primary cause of climate change and its impacts. The 5thAssessment Report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in2013 stated that “the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2),methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have all increased since 1750 due to human activity.”
Moreover, since 2012, many GHG observatories including Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii
have noticed that the daily mean concentration or monthly mean concentration of CO2
surpassed 400 parts per million (ppm) in May for the first time. In order to address mitigation
and adaptation to climate change, all of us on the globe have been making more efforts thanever in both scientific and political fields.
Furthermore, “Measurement, Reporting and Verification”, abbreviated as MRV, areimportant for ensuring the transparency and accuracy of each country’s mitigation actions byquantifying anthropogenic GHG emissions. In this respect, national GHG inventories, which
provide information on GHG emissions and their trends over time, play a critical role as a basis
for decision makers to design and implement strategies of their countries’ mitigation actions for
reducing GHG emissions.
In order to support the enhancement of capacities for national GHG inventories in Asian
countries, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the“Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with thesupport of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). This workshop supports
government officials, compilers, and researchers in the Asian countries to develop and improvetheir GHG inventories through enhancing regional information exchange. The Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), affiliated with the Center for Global Environmental Research(CGER), NIES, has functioned as the Secretariat for this workshop since its first session.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 14th WGIA, which was held from July
26 to July 28, 2016, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. We hope that this report will be useful for all
those who work in the field of GHG inventory as well as climate change, and will contribute to
the further progress of inventory development in Asia.

Hitoshi Mukai
Director
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental StudiesiiPreface

An important lesson that we have learned from experience in the history of the UNFCCC
is the importance of “measurement, reporting and verification” (MRV). This includes
measuring the effects of emissions reduction initiatives; reporting the results of themeasurement on the international stage; and verifying the status of reductions. MRV ensures
the transparency and accuracy of reports on each country’s mitigation actions.
For steady implementation of MRV, it is essential to develop national systems for
preparation of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and to improve the accuracy of theinventories. The newly agreed Paris Agreement calls for the establishment of an enhanced
transparency framework for action and support, in order to build mutual trust and confidence
and to promote effective implementation. The purpose of the framework for transparency ofaction is to provide a clear understanding of climate change action, including clarity andtracking of progress towards achieving Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions(NDCs), and Parties’ adaptation actions to inform the global stocktake. Each Party shallregularly provide a national inventory report and information necessary to track its progress
made in implementing and achieving its NDC. In light of this, the GHG inventories are accepted
more and more as being valuable because the inventories support transparency and accuracy of
implementation of the national mitigation actions in a MRV manner.
Since its first session in 2003, WGIAs have been held thirteen times so far. WGIAs havecontributed significantly to the construction and consolidation of a network of officials involvedin GHG inventory preparation in Asian countries and other institutes, and to the identificationand solution of common issues of relevance to the inventories.
This time, the 14th WGIA (WGIA14) was held from 26th to 28th July, 2016 in Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia, as a capacity building workshop for MRV. The items set out for this workshop bytaking into consideration the current situation of the member countries were all essential for the
improvement of their inventories.
The outcomes of the WGIA14 are summarized in this report as Proceedings. It is our hopethat this report will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the GHG
inventories of the WGIA-member countries.
In conclusion, we would like to thank all the attendees for their participation and active
contribution to the success of the workshop.

Yukihiro Nojiri

Yoshio Nakura

ManagerGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Director
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office
Global Environment Bureau
Ministry of the Environment, Japanii
ii

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AD
AFOLU
BR
BUR
BUR1
CDM
CGE
CGER
CH4
CO2
COP
CRAES
CS
EF
ETF
FAO
FSV
FY
GEF
GHG
Gg
GIO
GIR
GPG
GPG-LULUCF
GSP
HFCs
IAR
ICA
IGES
INC
INDC
IP
IPCC
IPCC TFI
JCM
JICA
KECO
LCS
LUCF
LULUCF
MEGDT
ML

Activity Data
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Biennial Report
Biennial Update Report
The first Biennial Update Report
Clean Development Mechanism
Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications
from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention Center
for Global Environmental Research
MethaneCarbon dioxide
Conference of the Parties
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,
China
Country-Specific
Emission Factor
Enhanced Transparency Framework
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Facilitative Sharing of Views
Fiscal year
Global Environmental Facility
Greenhouse Gas
Giga gram (109 g)
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change andForestry
Global Support Programme
Hydrofluorocarbons
International Assessment and Review
International Consultation and Analysis
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Initial National Communication
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
Industrial Processes
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Joint Crediting Mechanism
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Korea Environment Corporation
Low-carbon Society
Land-Use Change and Forestry
Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
The Ministry of Environment, Green Development andTourism
Mutual Learning
iii
iii

MoEFCC
MOEJ
MONRE
MURC
MRV
NAMA
N2O
NC
NDC
NIES
NIR
NMVOC
ONEP
PA
QA
QC
REDD
REDD+

SBI
SNC
TA
TGO
TNC
TTE
UN
UNDP
UNEP
UNFCCCWGIA

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, India
The Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd., Japan
Measurement, Reporting and Verification
Measureable, Reportable, and Verifiable
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
Nitrous oxide
National Communication
Nationally Determined Contribution
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
National Inventory ReportNon-methane volatile organic compounds
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning, Thailand
Paris Agreement
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest
Degradation in developing countries
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest
Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable
Management of Forests, and Enhancement of Forest Carbon
Stocks
Subsidiary Body for Implementation
Second National Communication
Technical Analysis
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public
Organization)
Third National Communication
Team of Technical Experts
United Nations
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeWorkshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia

iv
iv

Photos of the Workshop
Welcome Address

Overall Chairperson

Closing Remarks

Ms. Bulgan Tumendemberel

Dr. Nobuko Saigusa

Mr. Batjargal Zamba

Chairpersons for the Plenary Sessions
Opening Session

Session I

Mr. Batjargal Zamba
Session II

Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe

Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi
Session III

Session IV

Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya

Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon

vv

Mutual Learning Sessions
EnergyWaste

Industrial Process

LULUCF

Discussions in the Plenary Sessions

Discussions in the Poster Session

Information Exchanges in Reception & Tea Breaksvivi

1. Executive Summary of WGIA14

Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA14)
CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

1

Executive Summary of WGIA14

Executive Summary of WGIA14
The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute forEnvironmental Studies (NIES) convened, together with the Ministry of Environment, Green
Development and Tourism of Mongolia, the “14th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
Inventories in Asia (WGIA14)” from July 26 (Tuesday) to 28 (Thursday), 2016, in Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia.
The annual workshops have been held since 2003 in order to support non-Annex I (NAI)
Parties in Asia to develop and improve their GHG inventories and to facilitate the enhancementof cooperative relationships towards improvement in the accuracy of national GHG inventories
in the Asian region.
This year, 93 participants including government and research representatives from thirteen
countries (Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Mongolia,
Myanmar, Republic of Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam) attended WGIA14, in addition torepresentatives of the Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories (IPCC/TFI/TSU), the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and guest presenters from Australia andIran.
The presentations and discussions on each subject are summarized below.
Opening Session
As host countries, the Japanese and Mongolian governments individually made welcome
addresses and presentations. Japan presented its climate change policies including “Plan for
global warming countermeasures” which is based on the Paris Agreement. Then, the Mongolian
government made a presentation on its climate change policies including Intended Nationally
Determined Contribution (INDC) submitted last year, and mentioned about the progress of the
BUR to be submitted next year.
The results of a follow-up survey regarding Mutual Learning (ML) were also reported in
the session. It was indicated that the ML sessions were helpful for improving national GHG
inventories and the capacity of GHG inventory compilers.
Progress Made in NC and BUR of NAI Parties
The session chair explained the relevant provisions in the Paris Agreement, and highlighted
Article 13 of the transparency framework in the Agreement. He also suggested that the scopeof the workshop should be expanded further in the future.
India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand talked about their submitted first BURs andreported on their updated emission amounts, mitigation activities, and relevant data.
Through the discussion, participants exchanged views on how to interpret UNFCCC
decisions and the practicalities of implementing them. It was acknowledged that the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines reflect the latest scientific knowledge, but the transition to using them requires
capacity building.
Institutional Arrangement for National GHG Inventory and BUR
The UNFCCC secretariat talked about the activities undertaken by the UNFCCC in
response to a mandate arising from the SBI 42 to support NAI countries in meeting theirreporting requirements through, among other things, training on the use of the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and building sustainable national
greenhouse gas inventory management systems. Cambodia reported on its institutional11

1. Executive Summary

arrangement which was strengthened last year. Iran explained about its current status towardsubmitting NC this year. Lastly, Australia made a presentation on their national carbon
accounting system which was incorporated in their national inventory system.
In the session, the importance of coordination among institutional arrangements forinventory preparation, mitigation planning, and adaptation was highlighted.
Good Practices for ICA Process
A Co-Chair of IPCC TFI made a presentation to explain the ICA process with some piecesof advice to the participants based on his experience. China made an experience-basedpresentation as one of the TTE members. Vietnam shared their experience of the ICA process,which has just been completed in this May. Korea introduced their experience of the ICA
process and gave an overview of R. Korea’s BUR1.
It was acknowledged that the ICA process contributed to enhancing transparency andcapacity of countries to improve their GHG inventories, mitigation, and emission reduction
work, as well as to the next submission of BURs and Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC).
Activities with Co-benefits for GHG Inventories, Mitigation, and related support
In this session, presentations on various activities were made as follows:First, NIES talked about terrestrial monitoring and GHG inventories and introduced thedevelopment of integrated carbon observation and analysis systems. A participant from China
introduced his research about the co-benefits study on greenhouse gases mitigation and air
pollutant control in China. FAO talked about FAO work addressing the Paris Agreement.
Mongolia talked about the current state of Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) development in
Mongolia. Then, IPCC/TFI/TSU explained about recent activities of IPCC TFI. Lastly, UNEP
introduced Global Support Programme (GSP) by UNDP/UNEP to technically support NAI intheir climate change reporting.
In the session, participants reconfirmed the co-benefits between air pollution control andterrestrial monitoring etc., and the enhancement of GHG inventories. Clarifications were alsosought and provided for related support for the improvement of GHG inventories.
Mutual Learning of Each Sector’s GHG Inventories
Mutual Learning sessions were held for the following four GHG inventory sectors: Energy
sector (Brunei and Korea), Waste sector (Mongolia and Thailand), LULUCF sector (Laos andIndonesia), and Industrial Process sector (Myanmar and Malaysia).
The ML participants preliminarily exchanged materials and questions to learn about theinventory and institutional arrangements of the counterpart country approximately two months
before the workshop. In each session, two countries participated by following up on the Q&A
which had taken place over the course of two and a half months preceding the workshop.
Experts and government officials in charge of the national inventory from the partner countries
met each other in person at the sessions, and clarified their questions and elaborated on theiranswers.
They also exchanged additional information and follow-up questions. Members of the GHG
Inventory Office of Japan and consultants involved in the Japanese inventory joined in tofacilitate the exchange. Through the Mutual Learning sessions, specific issues in the four
inventory sectors were identified and some solutions were proposed. Common difficulties suchas challenges in collecting activity data or achieving completeness in the coverage ofsources/sinks, and institutional arrangement issues were acknowledged.
Poster Session
This year, a poster session was held for the first time at WGIA; 17 posters were displayed
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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

during the workshop and active discussions were made at the session.
The poster session was held to share the latest research results and deepen the discussion
on specific issues. The first trial was very welcomed by the many participants and many said
that they looked forward to the poster session at the next WGIA.

33

2. Workshop Report2. Workshop Report2

CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Workshop Report

Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Office of Japan (GIO):
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wg14/wg14index-e.html

2.1 Opening Session
The opening session was chaired by Mr. Batjargal Zamba (Mongolia), and the rapporteur was Mr.
Naofumi Kosaka (GIO).
The welcome address was delivered by Mr. Yoshio Nakura, Director of the Low-Carbon Society
Promotion Office, Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ), followed by the welcome address
delivered by Ms. Bulgan Tumendemberel, Head of Green Development Policy and Strategic Planning
Department, Ministry of Environment Green Development and Tourism (MEGDT) of Mongolia.
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO) gave an overview of WGIAs and the follow-up survey of Mutual Learning
activities. He introduced the organization of WGIA in progress, and its objectives, participants, andagenda. The objectives of WGIA14 were:
To enhance sector-specific capacity for inventory compilation (Mutual Learning)To share information on national GHG inventories for national communications (NCs) andbiennial update reports (BURs) (Session I)To enhance the understanding of the institutional arrangement of NC and BUR for continuous
GHG inventory compilation (Session II)To explore good practices for International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) of BUR (SessionIII)
To promote activities with co-benefits for GHG inventory and related support (Session IV)
Mr. Ito emphasized that an accurate inventory of NCs and BURs will contribute to planning andassessment of the emission reduction target in INDC/NDC.
He also showed the results of the follow-up survey of previous Mutual Learning sessions. The
survey was conducted from May to June 2016. Mutual Learning sessions would improve not only thequality of GHG inventories, but also the capacity of GHG inventory compilers. He concluded that
Mutual Learning sessions were good capacity-building opportunities for making GHG inventory
compilation.
Mr. Shigeyoshi Sato (MOEJ) made a presentation on Japan's climate change policies as well as thecurrent situation of Japan. He reported on Japan’s national greenhouse gas emissions based on the 2006
IPCC guidelines in fiscal year (FY) 2014. Total emissions in FY2014 were 1,364 million tonnes ofcarbon dioxide equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.), a 3.1% decrease compared to FY2013 and a 2.4% decrease
compared to FY2005. He also showed the reduction target of "3.8% or more emission reduction
compared to FY2005" and a 6.0% reduction by FY2030 compared to FY 2013 (25.4% compared to
FY2005), as shown in Japan’s INDC. Furthermore, he introduced a variety of policies and measures
including public campaign for reducing GHG emissions by using carbon tax revenue, making fullcontribution to the implementation of the Paris Agreement.
Mr. Gerelt-Od Tsogtbaatar (Mongolia) made a presentation on Mongolia’s climate change policies.
He overviewed the national circumstances and policy measures of climate change in Mongolia. He
also showed the GHG emission reduction target of 14% by 2030 compared with 2010 which was
described in INDC submitted in September 2015. In addition, he explained about the preparation
progress of the BUR of Mongolia which will be submitted to the UNFCCC in June 2017.
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2. Workshop Report

In the discussion, Japan’s GHG emission trend and emission reduction target in INDC werediscussed. Mr. Sato described the importance of carbon tax revenue and cooperation among relevant
ministries and agencies in the process of developing the Plan of Global Warming Countermeasures. A
participant pointed out the need for further enhancement of the linkage between the national
development plan and the INDC. In Mongolia, CDM accounts for a relatively large share of planned
emission reductions. Some barriers may exist to increase CDM projects in such a scale.

2.2 Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial
Update Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties
This session was chaired by Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) and the rapporteur was Mr. Naofumi
Kosaka (GIO).
In the beginning of this session, Mr. Hiraishi explained the relevant provisions in the Paris
Agreement. He highlighted Article 13 of transparency framework in the Paris Agreement, andmentioned that the national inventory report shall be submitted regularly.
Non-Annex I Parties shall, as per COP 16 decision, submit national GHG inventories as a part oftheir BURs or NCs every two years. An ICA process for the first BUR has begun in early 2015. Many
participant countries have already started preparation for their BURs and/or NCs. Therefore, in thissession, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, which submitted their BURs after previous WGIA,
gave presentations about their first BURs.
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO) made an introductory presentation of this session. He overviewed relevant
articles of the Convention for NCs, first BUR and ICA of BURs. He also showed the submission statusof NCs and BURs in Asian countries.
Dr. Javiardhan Ramanlal Bhatt (India) gave a presentation on India’s first BUR. GHG emissions
from India were 2,136 million tonnes CO2-eq. in 2010. India’s per capita GHG emissions were 1.56
tonnes CO2-eq. in 2010. He explained that India’s reduction target was 20-25 per cent to be achievedby 2020 compared with the 2005 level.
Dr. Elizabeth M P. Philip (Malaysia) gave a presentation on Malaysia’s first BUR. Malaysia
reported on their GHG emissions/removals from 1990 to 2011, policies relating to emission reduction
and their effects. She pointed out that gaps still existed in policies where quantified emission reduction
may not be a direct output.
Mr. Budiharto (Indonesia) gave a presentation on Indonesia’s first BUR. Indonesia reported on
their GHG emissions/removals from 2000 to 2012. He explained that Tier 1 and Tier 2 of the 2006
IPCC guidelines were used to estimate this GHG inventory. The annual emissions over the period of
2000-2012 increased consistently with a rate of about 3.6% per year without LUCF, the annual
emissions with LUCF fluctuated considerably due to high inter-annual variability of emissions fromthe LUCF sector.
Dr. Jarunee Nugranad (Thailand) gave a presentation on Thailand’s first BUR. She showed that
Thailand’s GHG emissions/removals were 234.58 Mt CO2-eq. in 2011 reported in their first BUR. She
also explained Thailand’s mitigation actions, through the Climate Change Master Plan 2015-2050, theNationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) toward 2020, and the Intended Nationally
Determined Contributions (INDCs) by 2030. In addition, she showed the GHG inventory schedule
including the NC/BUR submissions plan.
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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

In the discussion, technical issues on BUR Guidelines such as reporting year were confirmed. It
was acknowledged that the 2006 IPCC Guidelines reflected the most recent findings of GHG inventory,
but changing methodology from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
required capacity building due to additional gases and emission sources.

2.3 Session II: Institutional Arrangement for National GHG Inventory and
BUR
This session was chaired by Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (Co-Chair of IPCC TFI, member of UNFCCC
CGE) and the rapporteur was Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO).
Mr. Akira Osako (GIO) made an introductory presentation of this session. He reviewed andreminded about what were described in the UNFCCC guidelines with regard to institutionalarrangement, and he informed that the UNFCCC has published a “Toolkit” which is a manual forestablishing institutional arrangements for non-Annex I Parties. He also reviewed what had been
discussed in past WGIA sessions regarding the theme of this session.
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC Secretariat) made a presentation on “UNFCCC Support toStrengthening Transparency in Reporting National GHG Inventories by non-Annex I Parties”. He
explained that the UNFCCC was providing, for each of the three regions of non-Annex I Partis, a fiveday hands-on training workshop on “the building of sustainable national GHG Inventory management
systems, and the use of the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventories”, and was planning tosupport the enrollment in Online Training and Certification in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines Program,
both for non-Annex I Parties but subject to availability of funds.
Mr. Uy Kamal (Cambodia) made a presentation on “Institutional Arrangement of Cambodia”. Last
year, Cambodia strengthened their institutional arrangement by establishing National Council for
Sustainable Development which is honorary chaired by the Prime Minister and chaired by the Ministerof Environment. Also a new National GHG Inventory Team was established, and the members arefrom various ministries.
As a guest presenter from a country outside the scope of WGIA, Mr. Mohammad Sadegh Ahadi(Iran) made a presentation on “Overview of GHG Emission Inventory and Its Institutional
Arrangement in Iran”. Iran is to submit its third National Communication this year, however Iran still
has accuracy issues and huge uncertainty in activity data and emission factors in certain areas. He
pointed out the necessity of an international supporting system.
Lastly, as a guest presenter from Annex I Party, Dr. Shanti Reddy (Australia) made a presentation
on Australian “National Carbon Accounting Using Remote Sensing Data”, in which system the remotesensing data from NASA satellites are processed by a developed data processing model, and used for
estimation of carbon emissions and removals in the LULUCF sector. He explained in his presentation
how this new system was developed and adequately incorporated into the national inventory system.
Following the above presentations, several questions and comments were raised from the floor. In
response to the questions related to the UNFCCC support program, Mr. Revet clarified that e-learning
courses, regarding all sectors of inventory for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, would be made available
subject to availability of funds, and the experts who took this e-learning course and passed theexamination would be given a certificate. Regarding the Inventory of Iran, questions on how theprovincial inventories were integrated into the national inventory were asked. Mr. Ahadi explained the
responsible entity of inventory, compilation procedures, and training courses. In response to the67

CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

2. Workshop Reportquestions related to Australian remote sensing, Dr. Reddy explained that more than ten years have beenspent for the necessary improvement of the data processing model, however at present the time-series
data from NASA are available for free for every country, and the annual operating cost is decreased toapproximately one million US dollars. A general question arose from the floor asking which
institutional arrangement is better, namely the specialized task-based work distribution to variousorganizations or entrusting all to a more solid organization; however this remains to be answered in
the future. At the end of this session, the chair commented on the importance of coordination between
institutional arrangements for inventory preparation, mitigation planning, and adaptation.

2.4 Session III: Good Practices for the ICA processThis session was chaired by Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (AB/IORA Ecological Solutions Pvt. Ltd),and the rapporteur was Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO).
As the first round of ICA for BURs had just been completed in May 2016, there were experienced
participants here in this WGIA. Therefore, this session was held with the aim of sharing some goodpractices from experience-based presentations.
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO) made an introductory presentation. She explained the process of ICA
with data showing a snapshot of the figures of non-annex I parties being at each stage of the process.
Then, she showed an overview of past sessions related to the ICA process in order to locate where wewere and to clarify the aims for this session.
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe started off the session with a presentation entitled “Introduction of the ICA
Process”. He provided some basic information and gave some important points. He emphasized
especially some points as his advice to the participants, which were:
1) Making clear what has been updated in the submitted BUR and what will be updated in thenext submission is the key information.
2) Preparing well for questions and answers before and during TA and FSV is very important, as
it enhances communication between TTE and parties and makes this process successful.
3) Taking advantage of this opportunity to find ways to improve the national GHG inventory isimportant.
Prof. Zhu Songli (China) made an experience-based presentation as one of the TTE members. She
shared ideas of what were “good practices” through her experience of the TA process. The important
point which she emphasized was to make an effort to make everybody happy through the ICA processinstead of just collecting a party’s errors. She also mentioned how each party could make a better
preparation for the TA, such as in-depth understanding of the reporting guidelines and quick responses
to TTEs’ questions. She ended with saying that the ICA process had just started, so the process itself
will evolve and develop over time.
Dr. Nguyen Phuong Nam (Vietnam) introduced Vietnam’s experience of the ICA process, which
was completed in this May. First he gave an overview of Vietnam’s BUR1, including its institutionalarrangement and preparation. Then, he presented some challenges found during the ICA process. Oneof the biggest challenges he found was the lack of a domestic MRV system. He emphasized therefore
the need for domestic coordination among institutions and local GHG inventory experts as well as theimportance of BUR preparation.
The last speaker, Dr. Hyung-Wook Choi (Republic of Korea) also introduced their experience of
the ICA process. He gave an overview of Republic of Korea’s BUR1, including the submitted contents,78

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the institutional arrangement and the overview of the GHG inventory. He also talked about the key
questions raised by the TTE and from the floor at FSV. He found that the whole process helped tounderstand the international MRV process. Finally, he mentioned about the challenge for their next
BUR, which was to harmonize the datasets of bottom emissions coming from each company.
Through this session and comments from the floor, we could have a common understanding of
how the ICA process worked beneficially in many ways. We were made aware that the processcontributed to increasing the transparency and capacity of countries in improving their respective GHG
inventories and mitigation actions.

2.5 Session IV: Activities with Co-benefits for GHG Inventories or
Mitigation, and Related support
This session was chaired by Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon (AB/ King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi) and the rapporteur was Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO).
A similar session was held in WGIA13, “Session IV: International Activities Contributing to GHG
Inventories and Mitigation”, and some support programs and relevant activities for GHG inventories
were also introduced in that session.
In WGIA 14, this session focused on “Co-benefits” and “Support” related to GHG inventories
and/or mitigation. The session aims were as follows.
1) To understand the interlinkages between GHG inventory preparation or mitigation, and cobeneficial activities,2) To understand GHG inventories in a broad context,3) To gain knowledge on support programs to prepare/improve GHG inventories and to carry out
mitigation actions.
In this session, a wide range of experts gave presentations and participants exchanged views on
various activities.
Mr. Kohei Sakai (GIO) introduced the background for the session, agenda, and possible points fordiscussion during the session.
Dr. Nobuko Saigusa (NIES) talked about terrestrial monitoring and GHG inventories. She
introduced the development of integrated carbon observation and analysis systems based on satellite,
airborne, and ground-based observations, and atmospheric and terrestrial carbon cycle models
developed by NIES. She pointed out that the accuracy improvement of anthropogenic CO2 emissions
in the GHG inventory can contribute to the accuracy improvement of their monitoring data.
Dr. Qingxian Gao (China) introduced his co-benefits study on greenhouse gases mitigation and air
pollutant control in China. He studied the co-benefits for three typical industries (iron steel, cement,
and transportation). His results indicated that air pollution control had both positive and negative
effects on GHG reduction and energy saving. On the other hand, GHG reduction and/or energy saving
activities had positive effects on air pollution reduction.
Mr. Martial Bernoux (FAO) talked about FAO work addressing the Paris Agreement. FAO provides
AFOLU sector data relating to GHG inventory. FAO is also preparing e-learning courses to compile
national GHG inventories for the AFOLU sector. He demonstrated a prototype e-learning course underconstruction. Mr. Martial Bernoux emphasized that the FAOSTAT emissions database was useful as averification tool of national GHG inventories.
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Ms. Undarmaa Khurelbaatar (Mongolia) talked about the current state of Joint Crediting
Mechanism (JCM) projects in Mongolia. As of July 2016, two JCM projects have been registered in
Mongolia in collaboration with the Japanese government. She stated that the JCM would promote theactions listed in Mongolian NAMA submitted to the UNFCCC, and could help contribute to achieving
Mongolia’s emission reduction.
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (IPCC/TFI/TSU) explained about recent activities of IPCC TFI. Theirmain activity is refinement of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. An online survey and expert meeting were
initiated by IPCC-TFI in 2015, and a scoping meeting is planned in August 2016. She also introduced
the IPCC EFDB (emission factor database), an IPCC inventory software, support to training
programmes on GHG inventories, and other activities.
Mr. Stanford Mwakasonda (UNEP) introduced Global Support Programme (GSP) by
UNDP/UNEP, which is technical support to Non-Annex I countries in their climate change reporting
obligations, including NCs, BURs, and INDCs. According to the GSP survey, there is a strong needfor capacity building in the national inventory systems and data collection. Many respondents areplanning to use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
Following the above presentations, some comments were given and questions were raised. For Dr.
Gao’s presentation, participants sought clarification whether the study covered the perspective of costbenefits/health benefits. A participant mentioned that a clarification of boundary was important for the
analysis of co-benefits. If trade-off was observed, minimization of negative impacts should be sought.
In addition, Dr. Rizaldi Boer mentioned that the connection between GHG inventories and mitigation
was important.
Participants asked about the issue of discrepancy between FAOSTAT data and data used fornational GHG inventory. Mr. Bernoux noted that, in principle, FAO data come from the submissionsof each country’s statistics department. Therefore, he encouraged that if countries found data
discrepancies between FAO and national inventories, first of all, they communicate it with national
data providers. For the JCM project, participants asked about the use of credits by JCM including their
allocation between the two partner countries. Ms. Khurelbaatar answered that details for allocation
were not decided at this time. An Indonesian participant remarked that Indonesia could share
information about JCM projects.
Participants asked about the content and sources of funding for the support provided by the Global
Support Programme. Mr. Mwakasonda clarified that the GSP support was meant for e.g. developmentof robust national institutional arrangements, and it was not a direct support for national institutionalarrangements. He also said that the funds may come from two channels - the GEF budget or from GSP
directly.
Finnally, Dr. Towprayoon, session chair, summarized that although several activities can bebeneficial to inventories and mitigation, enhancing the inventory activity itself can also benefit many
aspect.

2.6 Wrap-up Session
This session was chaired by Dr. Nobuko Saigusa (NIES). In this session, the rapporteurs from the
Mutual Learning session and plenary sessions provided summaries of the discussions including
findings and recommendations, which were followed by the final discussion to conclude the workshop.

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Summary of the Plenary Sessions
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO), the rapporteur of the Plenary Sessions, reported a summary of thepresentations and discussions of the Opening Session through Session IV. He summarized the sessions
as follows:- Transparency of inventory reporting is important in light of the aim of BUR and ICA.
- Establishment of institutional arrangement is important to meet the requirement for BUR
submission frequency.
- There is a beneficial relationship between air pollution control and terrestrial monitoring etc.,
and improvement of GHG inventories.
- Various support programs and activities are available and useful to prepare GHG inventories
continuously and accurately.
The discussion after his report is summarized as follows.
Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) proposed that the workshop should consider expanding its scope ofcollaboration to cover a wider range of issues such as mitigation, and synergetic linkages between
mitigation and adaptation. This was briefly discussed at this session and was left to the AB/OC meetingfor consideration.
Summary of the Mutual Learning
Ms. Sumiko Harasawa (GIO) presented the background and objectives of the Mutual Learning(ML) programme as well as the outcomes of past MLs. She also summarized the ML held in thisworkshop.
The discussion after her report is summarized as follows.
Many participants of ML expressed their appreciation. They said that the ML was beneficial in thatpoints of further improvement became clear, best practices were learned from the counterpart, accuracyof calculation could be improved, and so on.
Many people, regardless of participation in the ML in this year, wished to participate in the ML in
the next workshop.
It was suggested that ML would be more effective if more than two countries participated in thesame ML, because it would allow for sharing of more experiences and common difficulties.
Generally, it was agreed that the ML was useful and should be continued.
Closing Remarks
The closing remarks were delivered by Mr. Batjargal Zamba (Mongolia) and Dr. Nobuko Saigusa(NIES). They thanked all for their active participation.

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3

Abstracts

In this section, the abstracts of the presentations are compiled. The abstracts are attached in an
unedited form, as they were received from the presenters.

3.1 Opening Session
Japan's Climate Change Policies
Shigeyoshi Sato

Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract

The Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ), with the cooperation of relevant ministries,
agencies and organizations, prepares Japan’s national inventory and compiles supplementary
information required under Article 7.1, which is annually submitted to the Conference of the Parties
through the UNFCCC Secretariat in accordance with the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol.
Last April, Japan submitted its National Greenhouse Gas Emissions based on 2006 IPCC
guidelines in fiscal year (FY) 2014 in line with the Act on Promotion of Global WarmingCountermeasures. Total emissions in FY2014 were 1,364 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents(Mt CO2 eq.), a 3.1% decrease compared to FY2013; a 2.4% decrease compared to FY2005.
In accordance with the Cancun Accord and the Durban Decision under the UNFCCC, lastDecember, Japan has submitted the 2nd Biennial Report (BR2). Technical review for Japan’s BR2 wasconducting in June, 2016.
After COP21 at Paris, Japan decided the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures based on Act
on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures in May 2016 which includes emission reduction
targets, policies and measures for achieving targets and so on. The 2020 emission reduction target was
set in this plan as "3.8% or more emission reduction compared to 2005FY", that includes the emission
reduction effect resulting from the utilization of nuclear power, the safety of which are confirmed by
the Nuclear Regulation Authority. The 2030 emission reduction target is 26.0% reduction by FY2030
compared to FY 2013(25.4% compared to FY2005), as shown in Japan’s INDC. As long-term goal,
Japan will pursue the goal of 80% reduction by FY2050.
Japan will make the best effort to achieve the emission reduction target for FY2020 and FY2030
through the implementation of a variety of policies and measures including public campaign for
reducing GHG emissions by using carbon tax revenue, and make full contribution to theimplementation of the Paris Agreement.

References

Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan

Access to relevant information

http://www.env.go.jp/en/index.html

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3. Abstracts

3.2 Session I
India’s First Biennial Update Report to UNFCCC
J R Bhatt, Scientist-‘G’

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Government of India

Abstract
India is a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The
Convention requires all the Parties to furnish information on implementation of the Convention in theform of periodic National Communications. India furnished its Initial National Communication in2004 and Second National Communication in 2012 to the UNFCCC. These two Communications
contained national GHG inventories of the years 1994 and 2000 respectively.
Conference of Parties to UNFCCC in its sixteenth session decided that developing countries should
also submit Biennial Update Report (BUR) as an update to the most recently submitted National
Communication. In case of India, first Biennial Update Report is an update to the Second National
Communication.
BUR has been prepared by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
with the participation of 17 expert institutions including laboratories of the Council of Scientific andIndustrial Research (CIMFR, CRRI, IIP, NEERI and NPL), institutes of Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (CRIDA, IARI, NDRI), organizations of MoEFCC (FSI and ICFRE), premier educational
institutions (IIM Ahmedabad and IISc), Non-governmental research organizations (TERI and IRADe)and other institutions (CII, EESL, NRSC). It has undergone multi-tier review process, including peer
review and review by other government institutions, expert advisory committee, and steeringcommittee. The BUR was submitted to UNFCCC Secretariat on 22 January 2016, after approval of the
Cabinet.
BUR contains information on five major components viz. (I) National Circumstances, (II) National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory, (III) Mitigation Actions, (IV) Domestic Monitoring, Reporting andVerification (MRV) arrangements, (V) Finance, Technology and Capacity Building Needs and Support
Received.
India emitted 2.136 billion tonnes CO2 equivalent greenhouse gases in 2010. Out of the total
emissions, Energy sector accounted for 71%, Industrial Processes and Product Use 8%, Agriculture
18% and Waste sector 3%. About 12% of emissions were offset by carbon sink action of forests andcroplands, considering which net national GHG emissions were 1.884 billion tonnes CO2e.
India’s per capita GHG emissions in 2010 were 1.56 t CO2e which is less than one third of theworld’s per capita emissions and far below than many developed and developing countries.
A reduction in emission intensity of GDP by about 12% between 2005 and 2010 has been achieved
against the voluntary pledge of India to reduce the emission intensity of its GDP by 20-25 per cent by
2020 compared with the 2005 level.

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Malaysia’s First Biennial Update Report
Philip,E1, K.S. Yap2, E.S. Tan3 and A.Muhammad Ridzwan2
1

2

Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia, 62574 Putrajaya, Malaysia
3
UNITEN, Kajang.

Abstract
Malaysia submitted her First Biennial Update Report (BUR) to UNFCCC in 2016. The BUR
consists of six chapters and two technical annexes. The technical annexes are related to additional
information on greenhouse gas inventory and REDD+ Results based payments. The Report covers an
update of the National Circumstance, Greenhouse Gas Inventory, mitigation actions and their effects,
level of support, constraints, gaps & needs and other information addressing climate change.
Information provided includes anthropogenic emissions and removals of greenhouse gases for the2011 with a time series from 1990-2010. Policies relating to emissions reduction and their effects arereported. Gaps still exist in policies where quantified emission reduction may not be direct output.
One of the challenges faced in producing the BUR is the understanding the vague UNFCCC
decisions. Malaysia spent a fair bit of time on presenting the report in a transparent manner. In addition,
operationalizing the MRV system fully was another challenge because national capacity was also being
built.
Malaysia is currently undergoing the International Consultative Analysis process.
Institutionalizing the activities proved to be sustainable as experts are available to provide addition
clarification when sought by the Team of Technical Experts (TTE). This has also enabled Malaysia tohave meaningful interaction with the TTE.

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3. Abstracts

Biennial Update Report: Indonesia experience
Budiharto, S.Si., M.Si.

Directorate of GHG Inventory and MRV, Directorate General of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment
and Forestry, Indonesia

AbstractIndonesia First Biennial Update Report (BUR) to the UNFCCC contains the national inventory ofanthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by sinks of all greenhouse gases (GHGs) not
controlled by the Montreal Protocol, including a national inventory report, as well as information on
mitigation actions and their effects, as well as the associated methodologies and assumptions.
Indonesia became a party to the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) in Rio in 1992, which was ratified in 1994 through Law no. 6/1994 and requires
submission of National Communication and Biennial Update Report (BUR). Indonesia has submitted
the first National Communication on October 27th, 1999 and the Second National Communication(SNC) has been submitted on November 1st, 2010. Meanwhile, The First Biennial Updated Report(BUR-1) has been submitted on December 2015.
The scope of activities to develop Indonesia First BUR are National GHG inventory for 20002012; GHG mitigation policies and measures to address climate change; Description of national
circumstances and other relevant information; and Publication and dissemination of the Biennial
Update Report (BUR).
The National Greenhouse Gases Inventory was estimated using Tier 1 and Tier 2 of the 2006 IPCC
Reporting Guidelines and the IPCC GPG for LULUCF. The local emission factors have been used for
Agriculture, LUCF, and waste, while energy and IPPU still using IPCC default. Period of Analysis is
the year 2000-2012 (2000-2005 Recalculation from SNC).
National GHG inventory 2012 is contributed of main sector LUCF and Peat Fire (47,8%) followed
by Energy (34,9%), Agriculture (7,8%), Waste (6,7%), and IPPU (2,8%). Without LUCF, contributed
Energy sector was 66,9% by total emission, and followed by Agriculture (14,9%), Waste (12,8%) and
IPPU (5,4%).
The GHG emissions from energy, agriculture and waste, increased at the annual rates of 4.6%,
1.3% and 4.0% respectively, while those from industry sector was relatively less than 1%. Without
LUCF, the annual emissions over the period of 2000-2012 increased consistently with a rate of about
3.6% per year. With LUCF, the annual emissions fluctuated considerably due to high inter-annual
variability of emissions from LUCF sector.
Based on Presidential Regulation No. 61 year 2011, Indonesia has targeted the emission reduction
at level up to 26% in 2020 and further up to 41% by international support. Total emission reductionthat has been achieve in 2010-2012 was 41.29 MtCO2-e or 13,76 Mt CO2-e annually and there wereother 27 mitigation actions in which 4 activities were supported by NAMA and 23 were nonPresidential Regulation. The resulted emissions reduction over that period was reported to be about
5.09 Mt CO2-e or about 1.70 Mt CO2-e annually. Most of the reported emissions reduction
achievement subject to verified.

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Thailand’s First Biennial Update Report
Jarunee Nugranad

Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Thailand

Abstract
Thailand is fully committed since 1992 to cooperating and contribution to international efforts toaddress climate change issues, as a non-Annex I country, under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Thailand’s initial national communication (INC),
submitted in 2000, and the second national communication (SNC), submitted in 2011, provide an
overview of national circumstances that influence Thailand’s capacity to respond, describe Thailand’s
greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory and mitigation options, and compile other important informationsuch as vulnerability and adaptation, research and development, financial resources, technology
transfer and public awareness. Thailand’s first biennial update report (BUR1), submitted in December
2015, states Thailand’s progress of the nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMA)
implementation until 2013. The report includes four sections: (i) national circumstances, (ii) national
greenhouse gas inventory for 2011, (iii) mitigation measures, and (iv) constraints and gap, related
financial, technical, and capacity needs. Overall, Thailand’s NC & BUR reports have demonstrated its
GHG emissions and removals situations, raising an awareness of the people of the nation in climatechange, through the Climate Change Master Plan 2015-2050, the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Actions (NAMA) toward 2020, and the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) by
2030.
Keywords: Thailand, climate change, biennial update report, UNFCCC, greenhouse gas

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3.3 Session II
UNFCCC Support to Strengthening Transparency in Reporting National GHG
Inventories by non-Annex I Parties
Dominique Revet

UNFCCC Secretariat

Abstract

At the forty-second session of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI)1, Parties gave the
UNFCCC Secretariat a mandate to make every effort to ensure that training is made available to all
non-Annex I Parties in the use of the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories, and in building sustainable national GHG
inventory management systems.
Following that request, the UNFCCC Secretariat and the IPCC Secretariat concluded amemorandum of understanding with the aim to provide a framework for, and enhance collaboration in
responding to the mandate by SBI 42.
In 2016, the UNFCCC will have organised 3 regional Workshops on the Building of Sustainable
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Systems, and the Use of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories in collaboration with the Technical Support Unit of the IPCC
Task Force on National GHG Inventories and the Consultative Group of Experts on National
Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (CGE).
The workshops consist of five sessions. The first session is for sharing of country experiences. The
second session focuses on the key role of the national GHG inventory management system, including
presentations and hands on materials to support the development of a national GHG inventory
management system. For this, the Secretariat adapted training materials developed by the US EPA,
including the National GHG Inventory System Template Workbook2. Sessions three through fiveprovide training on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, including general guidance, reporting, and sectoral
guidance. Participants also learn how to utilize the IPCC inventory software for compiling various
components of a national GHG inventory.
The UNFCCC Secretariat has designed a programme and is currently raising funds to support
the implementation of regional workshops on the building of sustainable national GHG inventory
management systems, and the use of the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventories on anannual basis from 2016 to 2021, as well as the on-line training and certification of national experts on
the use of the 2006 IPCC guidelines.

1

FCCC/SBI/2015/10, paragraph 29.
https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/EPAactivities/internationalpartnerships/
capacity-building.html
2

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Cambodia’s Institutional Arrangement to prepare GHG inventory
Uy Kamal

Deputy Director, Department of Climate Change,
General Secretariat of National Council for Sustainable Development, Cambodia

Abstract
In this presentation, the newly institutional arrangement to deal with climate change andsustainable development is summarized. The Department of Climate Change (DCC) is under General
Secretariat of National Council for Sustainable Development, a new establishment to promotesustainable development, ensuring economic, environmental, social and cultural balance within theKingdom of Cambodia. The new national greenhouse gas inventory team was established, and thetechnical capacity building was provided through cooperation activities with local and international
development partners i.e. USAID, FAO and JICA through National REDD+ Programme, and WGIA.
Knowledge on IA, MDD, KCA, Archiving system, QA/QC, and the improvement plan is a prerequisite for the team to ensure quality and perfectness of future national and sectoral GHG inventory
reports, as well as BUR, TNC, and NDC.

References

Royal Decree (2015): Royal Decree NorSor/ RorKorTor/ 0515/ 403 on the Establishment of the
National Council for Sustainable Development, dated on 09 May 2015
Sub Decree (2015): Sub Decree No. 55 OrNorKro BorKor on Organization and Functioning of the
Ministry of Environment, dated on 04 May 201517
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3. Abstracts

Overview of GHGs Emission Inventory and Its Institutional Arrangement in Iran
Mohammad Sadegh Ahadi

Project Assistant for Third National Communication to UNFCCC,
Department of Environment, National Climate Change office,Islamic Republic of Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this presentation is over viewing of institutional arrangement for preparation of
National GHGs emission inventory in Iran and identifying its gaps, constraints and bottleneck, andproposing our findings for overcoming the bottle neck in preparation of emission inventory. Thentrough the exchange of views with other participants, we find best practice for overcoming the barriers.
Lack of accurate data and information and also lack of country specific emission factors are thecommon problems in compiling GHGs emission inventory in developing countries. Also lack ofprofessional experts is another problem in preparation of emission inventory. So it is recommended
that a regional center for training and capacity building on GHGs emission inventory is establishedwith cooperation of international and local organizations in region.
In Iran energy and industrial process sector are responsible for more than 90% of total GHGs
emission. The easy access to data especially in energy sector is possible. The Ministries of Energy(Power) and Petroleum are publishing National Energy and Hydrocarbon Balance in yearly basis. The
yearbooks are including energy consumptions by fuels, sectors and also GHGs emission from fuelcombustion. The major problem in estimation of the GHGs emission inventory in energy sector is huge
uncertainty in emission factor for Venting, Flaring and Fugitive emissions from oil and gas industries.
So development of local emission factors is important.
In Agriculture, forestry and land-use change there are huge uncertainty in activity data, although
the government starts some activity for reducing the uncertainty on activity data for land use change
through satellite based data collection.
Finally share of experience, exchange of views and regional cooperation have an important role in
improvement of the quality of GHGs emission inventory reporting in region, so we request that NIES
establish a regional experts network and Frequent Answer and Questions (FAQ) system for inventory.

References

Iran’s National Communications (INC, SNC and TNC) to UNFCCC
National Rules of Procedures for Implementation of UNFCCC/KP in IranAccess to relevant information

Please see the National Climate Change Office website (www.climate-change.ir)

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National Carbon Accounting Using Remote Sensing Data
Shanti Reddy

Department of the Environment, Australia

Abstract

Estimating greenhouse gas emissions and removals from the land sector is potentially acritical component of national inventory reporting by countries under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Remote sensing data from orbiting satellites is now routinely available and can be very useful for
obtaining consistent high quality and cost effective country-specific information on land use and land
cover changes, which can be essential for national inventory reporting.
The Australian government has pioneered the application of time series Landsat satellite data fornational inventory reporting purposes. As part of its national inventory system, Australia hasdeveloped an operational satellite based forests and woody vegetation monitoring system using thetime series data from 1972 to the present day.
A detailed description of the use of satellite data for modelling greenhouse gas emissions andremovals from Australia’s Land use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector will be
discussed in this presentation.
The presentation will also address how the Australian Government is able to fulfil its international
reporting commitments to the UNFCCC by applying latest technology, innovative computations andmodelling techniques.
Australian experience demonstrates the many advantages of using remotely sensed data including
increased transparency and confidence in the national greenhouse gas accounts. Our accounts havebeen subject to annual external reviews for the last ten years by technical experts under the UNFCCC
review process.
The outputs from the national inventory system are published online to support domestic climatechange programs such as the Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) which
supports project-level land sector abatement.

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3. Abstracts

3.4 Session III
Introduction of International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) Process
Kiyoto Tanabe

Co-chair, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC TFI);Member of UNFCCC Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not Includedin Annex I to the Convention (CGE)

Abstract

International consultation and analysis (ICA) of biennial update reports (BURs) is an important
process aiming to increase the transparency of mitigation actions and their effects by the Parties notincluded in Annex I to the UNFCCC (non-Annex I Parties). It should be conducted in a manner that isnonintrusive, non-punitive and respectful of national sovereignty, through technical analysis by teamsof technical experts (TTEs) in consultation with the Party concerned and through a facilitative sharingof views.
This presentation explains the basics of ICA process, and gives some pieces of advice from aviewpoint of technical expert to the WGIA participants.
 It is important to clarify in the BUR what have been updated and what will be updated in the next
submission. In particular, the information on what need to be improved is important for
identification of capacity building needs and for continuous improvement.
 It is important to be well prepared for questions and answers before and during the week oftechnical analysis as well as facilitative sharing of views.
 Non-Annex I Parties should take advantage of technical analysis and facilitative sharing of views,
as they are good opportunities to find ways to improve their national GHG inventories. Good
communication with the TTE and other parties is crucial to identification of capacity building
needs, which will enable continuous and efficient improvement of national GHG inventory.

References

Decision 17/CP.8 “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications from Parties notincluded in Annex I to the Convention”
Decision 2/CP.17 “Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative
Action under the Convention”

Access to relevant information

http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_parties/ica/items/8621.php

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Experience on International Consultation and Analysis
Zhu Songli

Energy Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission

Abstract
According to the decision 2/CP.17 of UNFCCC, non-annex I parties shall submit a biennial update
report (BUR) every two years and subject to international consultation and analysis (ICA). The ICA
process consist of two steps: a technical analysis (TA) of the BURs and a facilitative sharing of views(FSV) which will have as input the BURs and summary report produced after TA. By the end of June,
2016, the first and complete round of ICA has been completed by participation of 13 non-annex I
parties.
In this presentation, the author, as one of co-leads of the team of technical experts (TTE) carryingout the first round of TA in May 2015, shared the experiences on feedbacks on the process and how
parties could better prepare for the process. In particular, analysis on GHG inventory is taken as an
example to show how TTE would analyze the chapter. In additional, as an observer completely joining
the first FSV in May 2016, the author also shares the feeling on the workshop by summarizing thefrequently asked questions raised by other parties in the fields of institutional arrangements, GHG
inventory developments and mitigation action.
In general, in TA process, TTE will focus on completeness and transparency of BURs, that is if theparty has provided information completely as per requirements of reporting guides, and if thisinformation is reported in the way that TTE could understand and get the picture. The summary report
would focus on capacity building need identification, which will contribute to the further
improvements of following BURs. The FSV is also very friendly and most questions goes to challenges
faced by and experiences accumulated for the first submission of BURs and its regular submission in
future.
ICA is still a process in learning by doing. Active participation from all developing country partiesare crucial to make the process being perfect and to improve capacity of parties involved.

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3. Abstracts

Experience of Viet Nam during ICA process for reviewing of the first BUR
Nguyen Phuong Nam

Center for Technology Responding to Climate Change, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Viet
Nam

Abstract

Viet Nam has supported actively to Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 during the Twenty first
Conference of Parties (COP21) on December 2015. Even Viet Nam is a non-Annex I Party who does
not have to report annually the GHG Inventory Report to United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC), the country still contributes a lot of efforts not only to transparency of
mitigation actions recognised in Viet Nam’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC),
but also to the Transparent Framework after COP21. The first Biennial Updated Report (BUR1) of
Viet Nam was submitted timely to UNFCCC in the December 9th, 2014. That submission has beenreviewed by international consultation and analysis (ICA) process in the 4th November 2015 according
to the decision of UNFCCC that Parties decided to conduct ICA of BURs from non-Annex I Parties at
COP 16 in 2010. Even though, a technical analysis (TA) of BURs by a team of technical experts (TTE)
and a facilitative sharing of views (FSV) was implemented completely on time at the first time in Viet
Nam, some challenges were found. It seems to be a lack of a domestic national measurement, reportingand verification (MRV) system in Viet Nam and the capacity limits of domestic coordination among
institutions and local GHG inventory experts for the ICA process. Moreover, the time constrain andmissing of historical data were found by technical reviewing. Consequently, a recommendation forimprovement from a party as Viet Nam may be an institutional set up of domestic ICA team who canbrings the international MRV matching to the domestic MRV as well as the BUR preparation. Timely
and sustainable financial support for the reviewing should be concerned besides the needs of capacity
building and technical awareness for domestic staffs.

References
1.
2.
3.
4.

http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_parties/ica/items/8621.php
First biennial update report of Viet Nam. Available at http://unfccc.int/8722.php
Second national communication of Viet Nam. Available at http://unfccc.int/national_reports/nonannex_i_natcom/items/2979.php
Summary report on the technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Viet Nam
submitted on 8 December 2014 Viet Nam. Available at
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/tasr/vnm.pdf

Access to relevant information

Facilitative sharing of views. Available at http://unfccc6.metafusion.com/bonn_may_2016/events/2016-05-21-09-05/viet-nam

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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Sharing the Experience of the first BUR and ICA in the Republic of Korea
Hyung-Wook Choi, Ph.D

Greenhouse gas Inventory and Research Center, Republic of Korea

Abstract

The Republic of Korea has submitted the first Biennial Update Report (BUR) to UNFCCC on 29
December, 2014 as a non-annex I Party in accordance with the decision of the 17th Conference of theParties in Durban. The first BUR of the Republic of Korea was prepared by Greenhouse Gas
Inventory and Research Center (GIR) and the relevant ministries. The first BUR contains fourchapters: (1) National Circumstances, (2) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, (3) Mitigation Actions
and Effects, and (4) Need of Finance, Technology, and Capacity Building and Assistance Status.
National GHG inventory between 1990 and 2012 was estimated based on 1996 IPCC GL (energy,
industrial process, agriculture and waste sector), GPG 2000 and GPG-LULUCF (LULUCF sector) for
carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HFCs),
perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
The technical analysis of the Republic of Korea’s the first BUR which is the first step ofinternational consultation and analysis (ICA) took place from 18 to 22 May 2015 in Bonn, Germany,
and was undertaken by the following a team of technical experts (TTE) drawn from the UNFCCC
roster of experts. During the technical analysis, the Republic of Korea received approximately 10 ofquestions regarding the institutional arrangements and emission trends. Following the technicalanalysis of the BUR, the TTE prepared and shared a draft summary report with the Republic of Korea
on 7 August 2015 for its review. The Republic of Korea, in turn, provided its feedback on the draft
summary report on 30 October 2015.
Facilitative Sharing of Views (FSV) which is second step of ICA was conducted on 20 May 2016
in Bonn, Germany. The Republic of Korea gave a short presentation regarding national circumstance,
GHG inventory, and our effort of GHG mitigation and received 5 questions, such as Korean ETS,
mitigation target, international training program, and GHG inventory, from various parties. ICA was
helpful to understand international measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) process. The
Republic of Korea will prepare the 2nd BUR and 4th National Communication (NC) after due
consideration of the suggestion from ICA.

References-

Decision 17/CP.8 “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications from Parties notincluded in Annex I to the Convention”
First Biennial Update Report of the Republic of Korea to UNFCCC
Summary report on the technical analysis of the first biennial update report of the Republic ofKorea submitted on 29 December 2014 (FCCC/SBI/ICA/205/TASR.1/KOR

Access to relevant information
http://www.gir.go.kr/eng/

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3. Abstracts

3.5 Session IV
Terrestrial Monitoring and GHG Inventories
Nobuko Saigusa

Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies

Abstract

There is an increase in number of observational platforms, such as satellites, aircrafts, ships, andground stations, for monitoring atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutions. National orregional inventories of emissions have also been prepared at greater resolution in space and time.
However, due to uncertainties in modeling tools, and limited observational data coverage, highuncertainty still remains in global or regional sources/sinks estimations.
The Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies has
been developing an integrated carbon observation and analysis systems based on satellite, airborne andground-based observations, and atmospheric and terrestrial carbon cycle models. Atmosphericobservations are strengthened based on the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) andComprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) projects. Transportmodeling, inverse modeling, and assimilation methods are being developed and improved for better
utilization of observational data from the Asia-Pacific region. Global and regional surface fluxes are
estimated and constrained by both "top-down” approach using inverse models and "bottom-up”
approach using surface flux observation network data (e.g. AsiaFlux) and upscaling with terrestrial
ecosystem models.
Current progress will be presented in better constraints of global, continental, and regional carbon
budgets, and detection of carbon cycle change particularly in the Asia-Pacific. Discussions areincluded how to solve the following questions in the next steps.
1) How can the current capabilities of top-down and bottom-up approaches contribute to reduce
uncertainties in the estimates of large anthropogenic emissions? (e.g. fuel use, land use changes, andrapid urbanization)2) What are the key target regions or events in the Asia-Pacific that we need to focus on? (e.g. El Niñoinduced droughts, extreme forest fires in Southeast Asia, and peat degradations in tropical and boreal
regions)3) How should the current capabilities of observation, modeling and analysis systems be integrated
into an operational system for long-term monitoring of changes in regional, continental, and global
GHGs budgets?
4) How can we provide scientific knowledge and data timely for evaluating mitigation and adaptation
policies?

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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

FAO in support of MRV in Agriculture
Martial Bernoux and Mirella Salvatore

Mitigating Agriculture GHG Emissions towards Wider Opportunities (MAGHG-2) Project
Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA) Programme
Climate and Environment Division
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Abstract

On December 2015 in Paris, the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) concluded negotiations on a landmark
agreement (the Paris Agreement, PA) to limit global average temperatures to below 2°C and pursue
efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C. Implementation of the PA will rely on countries to meet their own‘contributions’ to tackle the drivers and impacts of climate change, as articulated through Nationally
Determined Contributions (NDCs). The majority of Parties developed and submitted Intended
Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) in the lead up to COP21 to facilitate negotiations.
Countries are not legally bound under the agreement to meet their NDC contributions. However, theAgreement does establish binding procedural requirements under an Enhanced Transparency
Framework (ETF) to promote transparency and accountability on the steps countries are taking toward
these goals. This transparency is vital for building international trust and confidence that action istaking place as well as for assessing how to facilitate further action.
The ETF will be an important new feature of global action on climate change with a number ofpotential country-level implications; particularly for the agriculture and land-use sectors. The PA alsounquestionably delivers a strong, enhanced transparency and accountability framework through thefollowing provisions:
Universal and harmonized reporting and verification requirements
o
o




o

All countries are required to regularly submit national greenhouse gas emission inventories;
For all Parties, the information they submit will be subject to a technical expert review and amultilateral, facilitative consideration of progress.

A commitment to enhance transparency over time, while taking account of countries’ differing
capacities
Capacity building will enable developing countries to establish effective transparency systems.

Legally binding rules and processes holding all countries accountable

To date systems for measuring and monitoring progress in the agriculture and land use sectors are
considered under-developed relative to other sectors such as energy and transport. For many
developing countries, capacity constraints create barriers to reporting progress on such commitments,
hence the need for support to capacity development activities to address the new requirements of the
ETF. Countries need to enhance their capacity to prepare for implementation and monitoring of NDC
under the PA by identifying core technical and institutional capacity gaps and needs for being
compliant with an appropriate measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) framework in the
agriculture and land use sectors.
Since 2010 FAO has been actively providing dedicated support at regional, sub-regional, andnational level. These activities include: facilitating national processes for institutional arrangements;
providing guidance on national statistical processes for advancing data collection; giving technicalassistance for developing a tier-1 National GHG Inventory; performing quality assurance processes;
and supporting the process for the formulation, implementation and monitoring of INDCs and NAMAs.
While implementing these activities, FAO promotes synergies and complementarity with relevant
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3. Abstracts

international agencies and initiatives, including UNFCCC, UN-REDD Programme, IPCC and UNDP.
FAO has generated guidance and tools that can support countries in improving their inventories.

Access to relevant information

Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA) Programme website: http://www.fao.org/inaction/micca/en/
FAOSTAT Emissions database: http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/G1/*/E
AFOLU Emissions Analysis Tools: http://www.fao.org/in-action/micca/resources/tools/ghg/en/
Climate-Smart Agriculture: http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/en/
On the Road to Enhanced Transparency for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC)
Implementation: http://faounfcccagworkshop.wix.com/etfforndcworkshop

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Current state of Joint Crediting Mechanism development in Mongolia
Undarmaa Khurelbaatar

Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism, Mongolia

Abstract

In accordance to the climate change mitigation and greenhouse gas reduction, Governments ofJapan and Mongolia has been collaborating and implementing capacity building activities between
2011-2013 in order to establish Bilateral Offset Crediting Mechanism (BOCM). Based on the previous
cooperation and efforts, on January 8, 2013, Japan and Mongolia signed the bilateral document of the
Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Mongolia was the first country to sign
the bilateral document with Japan Government. Since Japan and Mongolia signed bilateral documentson the “Low carbon development partnership”, the number of partner countries has increased to 16 asof July 2016. For Mongolia, the implementation of JCM would assist in achievement of the NAPCC
strategic objective 3: “Mitigate GHG emissions and establish a low carbon economy through theintroduction of environmentally friendly technologies and improvement in energy effectiveness andefficiency”. Also, JCM will promote the actions listed in Mongolian NAMA submitted to UNFCCC
secretariat in January, 2010 according to the Copenhagen Accord. To implement JCM, both sides
established a Joint Committee (JC) which consists of representatives from the two sides. The JC may
develop or modify the Rules of Implementation and other rules and guidelines and designates the thirdparty entities to verify GHG mitigation amounts received under JCM activities. Ministry ofEnvironment, Green Development and Tourism of Mongolia established Joint Crediting Mechanism
secretariat under the Climate Change Coordination Office by 2013. Due to the Government structuralchange in 2015, JCM secretariat was re-established at Climate Change Project Implementation Unit of
Nature Conservation Fund of Mongolia under the MEGDT. Between 2013- 2016, in total of 11 study
projects were conducted and 2 methodologies were approved by the JC. 2 projects were officiallyregistered under the JCM and Mongolia’s very own local Third Party Entity was establishedsuccessfully. Currently the registered projects are now aiming for the credit issuance. In its INDC,
Mongolia has outlined a series of policies and measures that the country commits to implement up to2030, in the energy, industry, agriculture and waste sectors. The expected mitigation impact of thesepolicies and measures will be a 14% reduction in total national GHG emissions excluding Land use,land use change and forestry (LULUCF) by 2030, compared to the projected emissions under abusiness as usual scenario. According to the INDC submission of Mongolia, JCM could be one of thesuitable contribution to achieve our country’s expectation to reduce GHG emission as aninternationally agreed mechanisms and instruments under the auspices of the UNFCCC.

References

Government of Mongolia

Access to relevant informationwww.jcm.go.jp, www.jcm-mongolia.com
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) Submission by Mongolia

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3. Abstracts

IPCC TFI: Recent Activities
Baasansuren Jamsranjav

Technical Support Unit, IPCC TFI

Abstract
The IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) initiated a technicalassessment of IPCC Inventory Guidelines in 2015 through a combination of on-line questionnaire
survey and expert meetings. The technical assessment revealed that there has been abundant newscientific and empirical knowledge published since 2006 which the IPCC should take into account.
43rd Session of the IPCC (IPCC-43) held in Nairobi, Kenya on 11-13 April 2016 approved the
TFI’s proposal on “Refinement of 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
including production of a Methodology Report(s)”. The TFI is planning to hold a scoping meeting inAugust 2016 for the preparation of the Methodology Report(s). Draft terms of reference, draft table ofcontents and draft work plan prepared at this meeting will be submitted for consideration and approvalat IPCC-44 in October 2016.
The activities to maintain and improve the IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) and IPCC
Inventory Software have been progressing. New data have been added to the EFDB (about 360 data
were accepted in 2015 for inclusion into the database) and work to incorporate Tier 2 methods in thesoftware is underway.
The IPCC TFI is continuing its other activities supporting users of the IPCC Guidelines andcontributing to inventory-related capacity building programmes providing technical expertise as wellas inventory-related materials developed by the TFI (e.g. UNFCCC regional hands-on training
workshops held in March and June 2016 in Africa and Latin America and Caribbean regions).

Access to relevant information
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/2830

CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Global Support Programme (GSP)
Technical Support to Non-Annex 1 countries in their climate change reporting
obligations
Stanford Mwakasonda

Global Support Programme
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract
The Global Support Programme (GSP) was officially launched on the 8th of December 2015, at
COP 21 in Paris, France. It is jointly implemented by UNEP and UNDP. The programme was initiatedwith the objective of providing support to non-Annex I Parties in their preparations of National
Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs), Intended National Determined
Contributions (INDCs), including components of the reports such as national institutions, national
greenhouse gas inventories, mitigation analysis, vulnerability and adaptation assessment, etc. It is
critical for these reports, submitted to the UNFCCC, to have the highest possible quality levels(accuracy, transparency, comparability, consistency, completeness) and be submitted in a timely
manner to facilitate monitoring ad tracking of the global effort to reduce the concentration ofgreenhouse gases in the atmosphere, in accordance with articles of the Convention. To this end, GSP
provides technical support to all countries that approach the GSP team, and complements the work ofother supporting bodies such as the Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) on National
Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention. GSP conducts surveys anddiscussion with national climate change focal points and coordinators to determine capacity needs fordeveloping countries. This presentation will highlight the outcomes of one of such surveys.

References
None

Access to relevant information
Website being constructed2931

3. Abstracts

3.6 Poster Session
What’s your difficulty in developing Greenhouse Gas Inventory Measurement
and Management? KEEI can help you solve the difficulty!
- KEEI National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Measurement-Management System Sung-Kyun Kim, Gil-Whan Kim, Ji-Hyeon Kim
Korea Energy Economics Institute, Korea

Abstract

Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI) has put continuously effort into developing National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Measurement-Management System since 2011, to present a more accurate
and transparent Greenhouse Gas statistics.
KEEI’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory Measurement - Management System is the fruit of KEEI’seffort, which is composed of three software, GCT (Greenhouse Gas Calculation Tool), GAT(Greenhouse Gas Analysis Tool) and CRF -Generator.

KEEI is going to introduce and demonstrate CRF-Generator for the first time in WGIA14. The
purpose of CRF-Generator is to enhance efficiency of making CRF documents and to pursue more
precise results by preventing human-error in advance.
Under the previous system, hands-on worker had to repeat tracking and modifying formula in input
data files. Even small revisions of calculation method made users to open all files which are related.
With CRF-Generator, just simple task is needed to make CRF files and to review the process anderror. Moreover, users don’t ever have to open and modify all data to apply revised calculation method.
Function key “formula changing” allows users to pick years whatever users want and to change
formula, coefficient and notation key easily.
KEEI convince that CRF-Generator would be helpful to offer fine quality Greenhouse emission
statistics and integrated management control to related organizations.

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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

National GHG Inventory System in the Republic of Korea
Nari Youn

Greenhouse gas Inventory and Research Center, Republic of Korea

Abstract

In 2013, the total population of South Korea was estimated at approximately 50,220 thousand,about 0.7% of the world’s total population. This ranked South Korea as the 25th most populous country
in the world. The nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of South Korea showed a consistent increasesince 1990, rising by an average annual rate of 207.6%. Energy consumption, vehicle registration, andwaste generation surged as well.
The National GHG Inventory details national GHG emissions in energy, industrial processes,
agriculture, LULUCF (land use, land-use change and forestry), and waste sectors in accordance with
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Guidelines (IPCC GL) from 1990 to 2013.
To enhance the transparency and accuracy of the national GHG inventory, South Korea keeps themeasurement and verification processes separate while preparing the national GHG inventory. In themeasurement process, relevant ministries review and submit inventory documents prepared by sectoral
agencies to Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center (GIR). In the verification process, GIR
reviews inventories from each sector and requests additional data and revisions if necessary before
producing a verification report and the draft national inventory. After technical assessments anddeliberations by the Technical Group and the Working Group, the Management Committee reviews
and approves the final draft of the national GHG inventory.
The GHG emissions in South Korea in 2013 were 694.5 million tons of CO2eq. (Excluding
LULUCF). This represented a 137.6% increase from 292.3 million tons of CO2eq. in 1990 and a 1.5%
increase from 684.3 million tons of CO2eq. in 2012. GHG Emission trends from 1990 to 1997 showed
an annual increase of over 5% per year. Emissions in 1998 declined significantly due to the East Asian
economic crisis by grew again thereafter as the regional economy stabilized and experienced renewed
growth. The share of each sector in the total GHG emissions in 2013 is 87.3% for the energy sector,
7.6% for the industrial processes sector, 3.0% for the agriculture sector, and 2.2% for the waste sector,
respectively. Looking into the emissions pathway by year, GHG emissions in South Korea were
expected to reach their peak during 2013 to 2014 and begin to decline, resulting in the decoupling of
GHG emissions from economic growth.

References

First Biennial Update Report of the Republic of Korea to UNFCCC

Access to relevant information
http://www.gir.go.kr/eng/

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3. Abstracts

Sustainable Development & Climate Change:
Toward Enhancing the Role of Capacity Development for Implementation of
INDCs in the ASEAN Countries
Jakkanit Kananurak, Nareerat Thanakasem

Climate Change International Technical and Training Center, TGO, Thailand

Bundit Limmeechokchai

Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand

Abstract
The Climate Change International Technical and Training Centre or CITC was established by
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO), Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment (MONRE). This flagship project officially launched on in 2014 by MONRE andsupported by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The vision of CITC is to become aleading climate change training centre in ASEAN so that CITC set the mission in three areas which
are i) providing capacity development on climate change mitigation and adaptation, ii) promoting
climate change networking platform and iii) promoting knowledge dissemination on climate change
mitigation and adaptation. Currently CITC has achieved the progress of curriculum development andtraining for ASEAN countries in i) Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI), ii) Climate ChangeManagement for Sustainable Development (CCSD), iii) Mitigation Mechanisms (MM) and iv) Climate
Change Economics (CCE). There are several stakeholders supporting CITC including members in
ASEAN countries, academic/research institutes, and public and private sectors.
The current linkage of CITC is related from global, regional to national policies. CITC also
involves with sustainable development goals of United Nations and climate resilience of United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in meeting the 2 degree target thru
INDCs. The target group of CITC is the ASEAN region. Therefore, the ASEAN Community roadmap
during 2009-2015 has been involved in the national level. Moreover, in the 11th National Economic
and Social Development Plan of Thailand, CITC has collaborated with MONRE on national action
plan in the climate change master plan of Thailand to achieve the low carbon society in 2050.

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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Low Carbon Society and Mitigation Measures
Myint Soe

Environmental Expert, SNC Myanmar

Abstract

Myanmar would undertake mitigation actions in line with its sustainable development needs as its
contribution to global action to reduce future emissions of greenhouse gases.
The actions presented below will result in reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The
implementation of these actions will be contingent to a number of factors. This includes support forcapacity-building, technology development and transfer, and financial resources from the international
community, as well as the active participation of the national and international private sector
Department of Rural Development under Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation hasreceived co-funding from a number of international development partners to develop mitigation
actions in this sub-sector (such as the drafting of the Comprehensive Village Development Plan). Asa final result of the overall action, 6 million people in rural areas will have access to electricity
generated by a variety of sources, 40% of which will be sourced from renewable energy such as ofmini-hydro, solar home system and solar mini-grid technologies.

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3. Abstracts

GHG Measurement and Data Analysis in Mongolia
Oyunchimeg Dugerjav

Researcher, Environmental research section
Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment

Abstract

Mongolia is located in central Asia andharsh climate. Ecosystem has changed rapidly underclimate change and human activities. We have some international studies are going on in the south
east region of Mongolia for air quality. The east-southern region is arid and semi-arid desert ofMongolia which is freedom of anthropogenic influence.
Since 2005 to 2014, Scientific expedition of Buryat science centre /BSC/ of Russian academy
science /RAS/ and Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology of Mongolia has worked in the Mongolianarid and semi-arid region desert /Sainshand/ We have measured surface ozone, NO2, CO2, aerosol
optical depth and meteorological parameters. Since 1992 NOAA is started GHG sampling with
Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology / under NAMHEM/ of Mongolia. The sampling point /UUM/
is located south desert of Mongolia. The site has been measured CO2, CH4, SF6, N2O, and CO. The
sampling results are shown CO2 is increasing by 39 ppm /11%/ from 1992 to 2012 and SF6 has been
increased 70 percent 1997-2009. There is a lot of diurnal and seasonal variation. But CO2
concentration is increasing in every season. [Data from GMD -NOAA]. The some results are shownthat several days, very high concentrations of GHG were observed in the region. The numbers of days
with high concentration are increasing. It may be indicated polluted air mass transport from industrial
region from Russia and China to Mongolia. I have compared non- CO2 greenhouses trends for the
sampling sites Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan [data from NOAA].

Figure 1. Trends of sulphur hexafluoride at 3 different sites [data from GMD-NOAA]

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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Uncertainty Analysis of CO2 Emission from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration
Plant
Seungdo Kim and Jeejae Lim

Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Korea

Abstract

This paper addresses the uncertainty analysis (UA) results of continuous emission monitoring
system (CEMS) of CO2 emission from seven incineration plants of municipal solid waste (MSW) in
Korea. Uncertainty analysis methodologies for assessing the CO2 emissions from MSW incineration
plants were developed for Tier 1, Tier 3 of the IPCC estimation method as well as CEMS. CO2 emitted
from MSW incineration plants can be distinguished into two sources: fossil fuel origin such as waste
plastics and biogenic origin. We analyzed fossil fuel origin fraction of CO2 in flue gas by isotope
method. The average UA result of Tier 1, Tier 3, and CEMS are 27.8%, 14.5%, and 6.6%, respectively.
In view of UA, CEMS is turned out to be the most reliable method to measure the CO2 emission from
the MSW incineration plant. However, high installation and operation costs may frustrate theapplication of the CEMS to estimate CO2 emissions from MSW incineration plants. Instead, Tier 2 orTier 3 would be recommended to determine CO2 emission from MSW incineration plant. UA result
for Tier 2 would be expected to range from 15 to 25% and for Tier 3 to be about 15%.

References

IPCC (2000), Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories.
Sdkim123!

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3. Abstracts

Estimation of Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions form
Landfill in China
Gao Qingxian

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), China

Abstract
In this poster, a summary of in-situ study about greenhouse gases emissions from typical landfill
in Beijing, Asuwei landfill. Asuwei landfill is the largest sanitary landfill from no-hazardous waste in
Beijing and the area is about 684000 m2. The top layer was divided into six cells and temporarily
covered with the geomembrane (HDPE) over worked-out landfill. The static chamber technique andAgilent 7890A gas chromatograph was applied in this study. This study continues 5 years.

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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Outcomes of research on low Carbon (LC) in CRAES
Gao Qingxian

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), China

Abstract
In this poster, a brief introduction about low carbon development studies in CRAES, a complex
assessment index system was built up, which integrated three concepts in one system, that is low
carbon index, environmental protection index and social development index. Based on the assessment
index system, the province and city level assessment were carried out. The co-benefit of pollination
control and GHGs mitigation in major sector were calculated and analyzed.

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3. Abstracts

Methodology to develop EF in waste sector in Thailand: A case of MBT

1

Komsilp Wangyao1*, Noppharit Sutthasil2, Panida Payomthip1, Sakulrat Sutthiprapa2, Chart
Chiemchaisri2 and Sirintornthep Towprayoon1,

The joint graduate school of energy and environment (JGSEE), Centre of Excellence on Energy Technology
and Environment (CEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT),
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University,

Abstract

Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) process is well known in European countries. Thailand,a tropical climate country applied MBT to use. Nevertheless, waste composition in Thailand isdifferent from European zone as well as meteorological condition. The tropical climate, whichannually high precipitation rate and high humidity are presented. Three MBT techniques were selectedin this study. “MBT windrow type”, municipal solid waste (MSW) was placed over palate plate inrectangular shape. Palate plate rules to allow ambient air penetrate into waste layer. After 9 months,
degraded MSW transfers to separation facility and plastic RDF send to cement company. “MBT
Bunker type”, MSW was transferred to bunker zone for 10 channels. Each bunker received a one-day
waste amount. MSW was mixed by a set of 4 large screws for introducing the aeration. The mixing
process enable for aerobic degradable activity. After 7 days, processed waste was transferred to cementcompany to utilize as RDF. “MBT. thin layer”, MSW was spread and compacted with controlling theheight of 0.5 – 1.0 m. for one layer of waste with no daily cover. This waste was placed for 8-12 months
after that the landfill mining operation was implemented for plastic waste recovery. The characteristics
of all waste in these study sites were investigated. The methane emission investigations wereconducted in year 2015 by using the static chamber technique.
The preliminary results of this study showed that methane emission from MBT windrow (11.53
g/m2/d) was lower than that from landfill phase (14.45 g/m2/d) about 20.5%. A seven days operation
process from MBT Bunker promoted very low methane emission (0.34 g/m2/d). However, this shorttime process consumed the electricity and fuel which should be considered further. The results fromthin layer landfill were varied from 8.25 to 131.37 g/m2/d. However, the results also showed methane
emission 12.53 g/m2/d at day 41 after the waste were placed then this rate increases until day 111(26.88 g/m2/d). After that, it decreased to 8.25 g/m2/d at day 286. It indicated that thin layer landfill
could accelerate organic carbon degradation process by reducing moisture content in waste (Heyer etal, 2013). The total results indicate that MBT has advantages to reduce greenhouse gas emission andoperate with a short period. However, seasoning, electric power and fuel consumption also issues thatshould be determine.

References

Montejo, C., Tonini, D., Marquez, M.D.C., Astrup, T.F., 2013. Mechanical-biological treatment:
Performance and potentials. An LCA of 8 MBT plants including waste characterization. J.
Envron. Manage. 128, 661-673.

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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Tier 2 emission factors of CH4 and N2O from rice rotation systems
Nittaya Cha-un1, Amnat Chidthaisong1 and Sirintornthep Towprayoon1*
1

The joint graduate school of energy and environment (JGSEE), Centre of Excellence on Energy Technology
and Environment (CEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)

Abstract

Rice remains an important economic crop in Thailand, which cultivation area covers almost a halfof the country’s arable land (OAE, 2012). The different crop management practices have shown
different effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The flooded rice cultivation increases CH4emissions, while upland crop cultivation with fertilizer application produce N2O emission. In
agricultural sector, accurate and reliable estimation of the emissions are the key for supporting GHG
inventory. Tier selection for GHG estimation depend upon the availability of activity data and emission
factors. Under Tier 2, country-specific emission factors should be measured and used instead of default
factors (IPCC 2006). This study measured CH4 and N2O emission from different crop-rice rotation
systems and proposed country specific emission factors. The four crop-rice rotation systems weremade including fallow land-rice (RF), Rice-rice (RR), Corn-rice (RC), and Sweet sorghum-rice (RS).
In rice cultivation season, averaged daily CH4 emissions from RF, RR, RC and RS were 1.72, 5.22,
1.88 and 1.64 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1, respectively. Emission factors for N2O emissions from N-input wereobserved from N-fertilizer, incorporated manure and crop residues. It was found that annual amountsof their N-input were different on each crop-rice rotation system.

References-

OAE, 2012. Agricultural Economics Database (in Thai). Office of Agricultural Economics,
Ministry for agricultural and cooperatives.
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K.,
Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.

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3. Abstracts

Developing higher tier data for estimation of GHG emissions
from fossil fuel power plants in Thailand

1

Awassada Phongphiphat1, Suthum Patumsawad1 and Sirintornthep Towprayoon1*
The joint graduate school of energy and environment (JGSEE), Centre of Excellence on Energy Technology
and Environment (CEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)
2
Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB),

Abstract

Electric power generation in Thailand relies heavily on fossil fuels. Although recently the country
succeeds in elevating share of renewable energy, fossil-fuel combustion in power plants still remain
the biggest greenhouse gas polluter. It accounts for roughly 30% of total national emission, making‘1A1 Energy industries’ most significant key source category. However, readily available official data
for GHG estimation of this category were compatible only for Tier 1 estimation approach. This study
aimed to investigate the possibility of collecting and developing higher tier activity data (AD) andemission factor (EF) for this key source category. The study reviewed existing information from all
relevant national authorities, evaluated data gaps, acquired missing data by using questionnaire andinterview, calculated, and suggested approaches for developing country-, technology-specific ADs andEFs for fossil fuel power plants. For estimating EFs, information from 16 power plants during 2007 –2011 were collected and examined. This was equal to 69% of the total fossil-fuel power production. It
included 7 combined-cycle power plants, 6 thermal power plants, 2 gas engine power plants, and 1
diesel engine power plant. The results from this study pointed out that detailed information of fuel use
were mostly available in official database of Ministry of Energy. In order to access and make use of
these data, unprecedented data sharing system between national authorities, particularly of confidential
data provided by private power production companies, must be officially established. The study could
suggest country-specific CO2 EFs as follows: 61,026 kg/TJ for natural gas-fired combined-cycle power
plants; 59,966 kg/TJ for natural gas-fired thermal power plants; 53,357 kg/TJ for natural gas-fired gas
engine power plants; 74,290 kg/TJ for diesel-fired gas engine and diesel engine power plants; 78,355
kg/TJ for fuel oil-fired thermal power plants; 89,047 kg/TJ for bituminous-fired thermal power plants;
and 94,229 kg/TJ for lignite-fired thermal power plants. Comparing to 2006 IPCC default EFs ofdifferent fuel type, values of EFs presented by this study for natural gas, diesel and fuel oils werehigher. On the other hand, EFs for bituminous and lignite from this study are lower than default values.
(Acknowledgement: Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry ofEnergy.)References

Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), 2007-2011. Annual
Report on Thailand Energy Situation & Annual Report on Electric Power in Thailand. Alternative
Energy and Efficiency Information Center, Department of Alternative Energy Development andEfficiency, Ministry of Energy.
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T.
and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.

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CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Developing Country Level Emission Factors
1

Philip, E, 2Samsuanuar Nawi and 3A.Muhammad Ridzwan
1

Forest Research Institute Malaysia.
Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia.
3
A.Muhammad Ridzwan. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia
2

Abstract

Malaysia used country specific emission factors for LULUCF. Emission factors and activity data
are applied were based the most important land uses/activities. Emission factors for croplands, rubber
and oil palm were derived from field measurements and since published. This paper will highlight themethodology applied in constructing country specific emission factors for the forest activity data.
Malaysia has been conducting National Forest Inventory (NFI) since 1972 and since conducted it
every ten years once. The National Forest Inventory initially covered only the logged Inland Forest
and Peat swamp forest. However, in 2002, the NFI covered Protected Areas and State Land Forest.
The Inventory plots were stratified following the forest category and type.
Emission factors were generated from the National Forest Inventory, by calculating the mean
increment between 2002 and 2012 NFI data. Changes are then estimated by calculating the difference
between the state at time t + 1 from the state at time t. Three common sampling designs can be used
for change estimation with the same sampling units in most cases with exception of a few sampling
units can be replaced between occasions. Mortality rate was between 0.9 -1.1%.
Above-ground biomass (AGB) increments cannot be directly measured but estimated by applying
allometric relationships relating stem diameter, height and wood density to AGB. The increment wascalculated by comparing the growth difference in ABG. The increment was determined for eachdiameter class and forest stratification between 2002 and 2012 Inventory cycle. For means ofcomparison, biomass increment was also calculated using the equation presented by Brown (1997).
Biomass density of a strata is estimated using the equation above. Number of trees/ha is obtained
from the Forest inventories and the mid-point of biomass class is determined. Biomass of tree at midpoint is determined using the equation above and biomass of all trees is determined by multiplying thenumber of trees with the biomass of tree at mid-point.
The emission factors derived for Inland forest are 9.3t/ha/yr and Peat swamp forest 9.2 t/ha/yr
respectively. These values were consistent with those obtained by Banin et al (2013) for Inland forest
in Sabah.

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3. Abstracts

Deep Decarbonizing AFOLU Sector Toward 2 Degree
Rizaldi Boer, Gito Sugih Imanuel, Siddik Thoha, M. Ardiansyah, and Anter Parulian
Indonesia

Abstract
The Paris Agreement clearly stated the need for global communities to work together to hold theincrease of global temperature below 2oC (pursuing 1.5oC). The peak of GHG emission should
happen as soon as possible and achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions and removals inthe second half of this century. For Indonesia, the development of agriculture and forestry sectors
has contributed significantly to the GHG emission. The increase in land demand following theincrease in demand for food, pastoral, wood, and settlements and other infrastructure development
would be a challenge to deep decarbonizing this sector. With strong commitment and good mitigation
policies and measures, deep decarbonizing this sector is possible without scarifying much development
target of this sector. Mitigation policies and measures include (i) improving the management of land
and forest resources through development of Forest Management Unit in all forest areas, (ii) pushing
adoption of sustainable management practices in production forests by implementing mandatory
certification systems, (iii) reducing dependency on natural forests in meeting wood demands byincreasing establishment of timber plantation on community lands and state lands and increasing theuse of wood from agriculture plantations, (iv) reducing pressure on natural forest for establishment ofdevelopment areas and agriculture expansion by the improvement of varieties, land productivity andcropping intensity, (v) enhancing sink through increasing the implementation of restoration of
production forests ecosystem and land rehabilitation, (vi) limiting use of peat land for timber andagriculture plantation through the issuance of moratorium policies and peat land restoration, and (vii)increasing the adoption of low emission farming practices. The result of analysis suggests that by 2050
Indonesia would be able to deep decarbonizing this sector up to -0.05 ton CO2e per capita. Rapid
decrease in emission is result of increase land productivity and cropping intensity leading to lessdemand for land for crop production and enhanced mitigation actions. The reliance on natural forest
for producing wood is also decreased as a result of increasing rate of timber plantation developmentin particular, and increasing rate of land rehabilitation.
In addition, emission from peat
decomposition also decrease significantly as a result of the peat land moratorium policy in which no
more of peat land conversion for large plantation is allowed, and restoration of larger part of peat land.

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Forest Degradation Mapping Using Advanced Spatial Techniques
Atri Shaw, Santanu Basu, Uttara Pandey, Ganesh Datt Bhat, Payal Nandy, Rohit Kumar, Jibotosh
Pandit, and Swapan Mehra.
Affiliation: IORA Ecological Solutions, India

Abstract
With ever increasing population, the forests in tropical regions have become vulnerable toanthropogenic pressures which is further compounded by the changing climate resulting in enormous
degradation and deforestation. Efforts are on to revive the forests and a solution for sustainable
management of forests is essential. To ascertain the health of forests, remote sensing techniques areused followed by ground truthing. Interpretation of remote sensing data is often done by manual
digitisation. This is tedious and time consuming. IORA has developed cost effective spatial modelling
technique that enables quick interpretation of degradation and deforestation which can be applied tointerpret satellite imageries at all spatial resolutions.
The model allows spectral un-mixing of forest and non-forest components of vegetation indicesobtained from satellite imageries. A regression model has been setup that correlates site specificmapped canopy cover with field measurements. The continuous layer of dense vegetation cover isdistinguished with respect to spectral signature of bare soil. The same layer is utilized to estimate thevegetation fraction at pixel level. This product is then stratified into forest and non-forest areas using
forest cover stratification maps in sync with country specific definition. This is further validated on
ground with respective stakeholders. The vegetation fraction thus developed at pixel level not only
distinguishes the forest cover from the non-forest land uses but also enables temporal analysis ofdeforestation. The classification of the forests and non-forest cover is further improved by visuallyinterpreting the satellite data sets. For dataset consisting of more than one forest type, a calibration
model is developed to include the canopy cover for each stratum. Time series analysis of these canopy
cover maps thus provide the progressive changes in forest cover and hence information on extent offorest degradation.
This approach has been successfully piloted in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Sikkim in India.

References

Fernandes, R., Fraser, R., Latifovic, R., Cihlar, J., Beaubien, J., & Du, Y. (2004). Approaches tofractional land cover and continuous field mapping: A comparative assessment over the BOREAS
study region. Remote Sensing of Environment, 89(2), 234-251.
Matricardi, E. A., Skole, D. L., Pedlowski, M. A., Chomentowski, W., & Fernandes, L. C. (2010).
Assessment of tropical forest degradation by selective logging and fire using Landsat imagery. Remote
Sensing of Environment, 114(5), 1117-1129.

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3. Abstracts

Grid-based Sampling of Satellite Imagery to Support
Mongolia’s AFOLU Sector GHG Reporting and REDD+ Forest Reference Level
Construction
Richard Metcalfe

UN-REDD Mongolia Programme

Abstract

Mongolia became a partner country of the UN-REDD Programme in June 2011, the country has
quickly taken steps to start implementing REDD+ readiness activities. This includes particularly the
preparation of its National REDD+ Readiness Roadmap, which was officially adopted by the Ministryof Environment and Green Development and Tourism (MEGDT) in June 2014. Mongolia is
implementing a full-scale National Programme funded by the Programme Policy Board in July 2014.
The Programme is the United Nations Collaborative Initiative on Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) in developing countries. The Programme waslaunched in 2008 to assist developing countries prepare and implement national REDD+ strategies. It
builds on the convening power and expertise of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP).
As part of Mongolia’s REDD+ readiness enabling activities there is a requirement to develop a
National Forest Monitoring System for assessing emissions from forest changes which should beconsistent with other national GHG reporting mechanisms.
The Climate Change Project Implementing Unit within the Ministry of Environment Green
Development and Tourism is the agency responsible for GHG Inventory and National
Communications, the UN-REDD programme is supporting the AFOLU land assessment for the wholeof Mongolia for the Third National Communication covering the period 1990 to 2015.
The assessment will use newly developed and freely available software tools OpenForis Collect
Earth developed by FAO accessing the entire satellite image archive hosted by Google as well as cloud
based image processing tools. The land assessment is based upon visual interpretation of imagery ona grid based stratified sampling scheme for the whole country. The results will be used for the Third
National Communication and in a trial for the construction of the REDD+ Forest Reference Level.

Access to relevant informationwww.reddplus.mn

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Brunei Darussalam’s GHG Emissions and Emission Trends in the Energy Sector(2010 –2014)
Abdul Matiin Haji Muhd Kasim

Energy and Industry Department, the Prime Minister’s Office
Brunei Darussalam

Muhammad Nabih Fakhri Matussin

Brunei National Energy Research Institute
Brunei Darussalam

Abstract

The objective of the Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC) is to achieve stabilization ofgreenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system. It is, therefore, important for all parties to estimate
and communicate their levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals by developing their
GHG emission inventories, as mentioned in Article 4, paragraph 1 and Article 12, paragraph 1 of theConvention. Brunei Darussalam has submitted its first national communications along with its firstnational GHG inventory (2010) in April 2016.Currently the second national communications which
covers 2014 inventory is under progress.
Brunei Darussalam’s total gross GHG emissions in 2010 totalled 9,488.6 GgCO2e, withcorresponding net emissions of 6,612.4 GgCO2e after taking into account CO2absorption by LandUse Change and Forestry activities. The energy sector emitted 8,858.2 GgCO2e, which is about 93%of the total gross emissions in 2010. Majority of the emissions came from the energy industries (4,176
GgCO2e), followed by fugitive emissions from oil and gas activities (2,955 GgCO2e), roadtransportation (1,171 GgCO2e), manufacturing and construction (450 GgCO2e), and residential sector(105 GgCO2e). The emissions from the sector had increased by 13% between 2010 and 2014, the latter
in which the emissions totalled 10,006 GgCO2e. The contribution of each energy subsectors in the
total emissions had slightly changed during the same period. The share of energy industries had
increased from 47% to more than 53% while that of the road transportation had remained stable ataround 13%.CO2and CH4are the main GHG gases generated by the energy sector. All the emissions
were derived through Tier 1 estimates using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
This poster will describe Brunei Darussalam’s first national GHG inventory for the year 2010 for
the energy sector and its data collection processes. Along the line, the summary of GHG emissions
from 2010 to 2014 for the energy sector, along with the uncertainty assessments and the key category
analysis, will also be included. Since the energy sector contribution is about 93% from the total grossemissions in 2010, this poster will be focusing only on the energy sector. This will also include
emissions contribution from each of the energy sector’s components.

References

Brunei Darussalam Initial National Communication, April 2016.

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

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Report on Mutual Learning Session
4.1 Overview of the Mutual Learning

Mutual Learning (ML) is an activity to improve the individual countries’ inventories through thefollowing series of processes: 1) exchanging inventories between two countries; 2) learning from apartner’s inventory; and 3) exchanging comments on each other’s inventories. The primary purpose of
the ML is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of methods and data for GHG
emission/removal estimation between two countries and exchanging comments on the methods anddata. The ML is also expected to foster and strengthen a cooperative relationship among GHG
inventory experts. Since the aim of the ML is not criticism or audit, participants can conduct a twoway communication, not a one-way communication like an examiner versus an examinee.
The first Mutual Learning was held on the Waste sector between GIO and Korea Environment
Corporation (KECO) in the annual workshop in 2008. The Secretariat of WGIA introduced this activity
in WGIA8 in 2010. With the participants’ agreement, ML has been held in the following WGIAs as
one of the sessions.
Table 4.1.1 History of Mutual Learning
2011
WGIA9

2012
WGIA102013
WGIA11

2014
WGIA12

General

-

-

-

-

EnergyIndonesiaMongolia

Lao PDRThailand

IndonesiaMyanmar

IP-

CambodiaThailand
IndonesiaJapan
IndonesiaVietnam

-

-

-

ChinaMyanmar

ChinaMongolia--

Vietnam*IndonesiaLao PDR
CambodiaMongolia

IndonesiaLao PDR

ChinaKorea

MalaysiaVietnam-

KoreaMyanmar

MongoliaThailand

2008-2010

2010
WGIA8

Introduction to
TrialML
implementation(with hands on
Agriculture
Japan- Korea
training)
LULUCF
Waste*Reporting from Vietnam with comments from experts

JapanLao PDR
IndonesiaCambodiaKorea

2015
WGIA13
JapanVietnam-

2016
WGIA14
BruneiKorea
MyanmarMalaysia-

Participants
In December 2015, the WGIA Secretariat advertised the ML to the participants of WGIA, andreceived applications from 17 groups from 9 parties. Considering the requirements of the applicants
and an appropriate balance among sectors and the feasibility of implementation, the WGIA Secretariat
set up four pairs (Brunei and Korea on Energy sector, Indonesia and Lao PDR on LULUCF sector,
Myanmar and Malaysia on Industrial processes sector, and Mongolia and Thailand on Waste sector)
in April 2016.
Preparation
A few months before WGIA14, the chosen participants in the ML submitted the materials of theirinventories to the WGIA Secretariat, including worksheets used for estimating emissions and reports
describing details of methodologies, and exchanged the materials with their partner countries throughthe Secretariat. Through studying the materials provided by the partner country, the participants foundgood points as well as issues to improve in the partner’s inventory. They also found issues to clarify
by questions. Thus, participants wrote such comments and questions to their partner countries into
“Question and Answer Sheets”. After that, the “Question and Answer Sheets” were shared with thepartner countries through the Secretariat. The partner countries responded to these comments andquestions before WGIA14 took place.
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Table 4.1.2 Preparation Process of Mutual Learning
Process
Schedule
Call for entries
2015/12/18
Announcement of participants
2016/04/13
Material submission deadline
2016/04/22
Studying the materials
During May
Comment exchange
During June
Answers to comments
End of June
Preparation
Till 2016/07/26
Sessions
2016/07/26
Discussions
In the WGIA14, the ML participants split into four sessions (Energy, Industrial processes,
LULUCF and Waste) and discussed sector-specific issues based on preliminary comment exchanges.
In order to encourage a frank discussion and to ensure confidence, these sessions were closed.
In these sessions, participants discussed counterpart's inventories and their national systems,
sharing their own technical issues (e.g. data collection, adoption of emission factors, national system,etc.) with the partners to overcome the obstacles, and clarifying matters in their own inventory whichshould be improved. Due to the adequate preliminary preparation of comment exchange over twomonths, they could deeply learn actual issues on each other’s inventory.
Since the ML programme provides a good opportunity to study both the counterparts’ and theparticipants’ own inventories, participants have shown interest to continue to participate in thisprogramme in future WGIAs. The points of discussions and outcomes of each individual ML session
are summarized in the following sections (4.2 - 4.5).

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4.2 Energy
Sector Overview
Brunei Darussalam and the Republic of Korea participated in a ML session on the Energy sector.
General information of the two countries is shown in Table 4.2.1 below.
Table 4.2.1 Sector Overview for the ML on Energy Sector
Brunei
Korea
National total GHG
9,488.6 (in 2010, without
688,341.56 (in 2012,
emissions (kt-CO2 eq.)
LULUCF)
without LULUCF)
Responsible agency for the
Energy and Industry
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
inventory
Department, Primeand Research Center
Minister’s Office
Estimation methodology
Revised 1996 IPCC
Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines
Guidelines and partially2006 IPCC Guidelines
Source of emission factors
IPCC Guidelines default
Basically IPCC Guidelines
valuesdefault values and partiallycountry-specific values
Source of activity data
National Statistics
Energy Statistics Yearbook,and other statistics
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA14, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to the Energy sector two to three months before the workshop. The exchanged documents
were as follows:
Brunei- Initial National Communication, 2016
- Spreadsheets created by using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines software
Korea- First Biennial Update Report, 2014
- National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report, 2015
- Common reporting format, 2015
- Own spreadsheets to calculate GHG emissions from stationary combustion
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided questions
and comments to their partner country approximately one month before the workshop. The
classification and the number of questions are summarized in Table 4.2.2.

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Table 4.2.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on Energy Sector
Number of questions
Classification of questions
from Brunei
from Korea
to Koreato Brunei
Acquisition of activity data
65Adoption of emission factors or
1
3
parameters
Estimation methods
3
1
Institutional arrangement
00
Others1
6Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and Solutions
Some issues were pointed out through the ML as follows:
Brunei1) It is difficult to collect data due to lack of detailed information.
2) Human resources are limited. There are no dedicated team members for inventory preparationin each sector.
3) Data management issues. Simplifying workbook is one of possible solutions.
Korea
1) Precise sectoral activity data are desired, whereas national total data are reliable.
2) Closer work between energy and transport experts is planned.
3) There is difficulty in adopting the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
➢Good Practices
Some good practices were pointed out through the ML as follows:
Brunei1) Easy access to data by merging ministries.
2) Holding regular capacity building sessions with governmental stakeholders.
Korea
1) Developed own inventory data system including software package.
2) Developed own energy balance table.
3) Working closely with stakeholders and ministries.
4) Producing CRF (common reporting format) files. (That is a big challenge for NAI countries,
though.)➢Suggestions for Future MLs
The participants’ suggestions for future ML were as follows:
Understanding of each counterpart’s inventory would be enhanced if a common format (summary
table of emissions by gas species and category) was created and it was included in the material
exchange.

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Parties
Brunei

Korea

Facilitators andResource
persons

CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Table 4.2.3 Participants in the ML on Energy Sector
Name
Organization
Title
Mr. Abdul Matiin Hj
Energy and Industry
Head of Renewable
Muhd Kasim
Department, Prime
Energy Unit
Minister’s Office
Mr. Muhammad Nabih Brunei National Energy
Researcher
Fakhri bin Matussin
Research Institute
Dr. Sung-kyun Kim
Korea Energy Economics Research Fellow
Institute
Dr. Gil Whan Kim
Associate Research
Fellow
Ms. Ji Hyeon Kim
Research Associate

Mr. Naofumi Kosaka(Co-facilitator)
Mr. Akira Osako(Co-facilitator)
Mr. Tomoki Takahashi(Resource person)
Observers Mr. Shigeyoshi Sato
(Observer)
Mr. Kosuke Murata(Observer)

Greenhouse Gas
GHG Inventory Expert
Inventory Office of Japan(GIO)
Mitsubishi UFJ Researchand Consulting Co., Ltd.
Ministry of theEnvironment

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AnalystChief Official
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4.3 Industrial Processes Sector
Sector Overview
Myanmar and Malaysia participated in the Mutual Learning session for Industrial Processes sector.
The general information for the two countries is as shown in Table
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below.
below.
Table 4.3.1 Sector Overview for the ML on Industrial Processes Sector
Myanmar
Malaysia
National total GHG
74.40 (in 2000)
290.23 (in 2011)
emissions (Mt-CO2
eq., without
LULUCF)0.46 (in 2000)
18.166 (in 2011)
GHG emissions in the
IP sector (Mt-CO2 eq.)
Ministry of Natural Resources
Responsible agency MinistryofEnvironmental
andEnvironment
for the inventory
Conservation and Forestry
Estimation
2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier 1
Revised 1996 IPCC
methodology
Guidelines, GPG (2000), and2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier
1/Tier 2
Source of emission IPCC default values and Country- IPCC default values andfactors
specific parameters
Country-specific parameters
Source of activity data National statistics and data Data provided by industry,
provided by industry
national
statistics,
andinternational sources
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the Mutual Learning session in WGIA14, the partner countries exchanged
their documents relevant to GHG emission/removal estimation for the sector through the Secretariat
three months before the workshop. The documents exchanged were as follows:
Myanmar:- Myanmar’s Initial National Communication under the UNFCCC (2012, PDF)
- Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines spreadsheet (Excel)
Malaysia:- Malaysia’s First Biennial Update Report (BUR) to the UNFCCC (2016, PDF)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the estimation documents, the countries studied them and submitted questions andcomments to the partner country approximately one and a half months before the workshop. The
classification and the number of the questions are as follows.

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Table 4.3.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on Industrial Processes Sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of question
from Myanmar tofrom Malaysia to
Malaysia
MyanmarAcquisition of activity data2
1
Adoption of emission factors or parameters
01
Estimation methods
11Institutional arrangements
10
Others53Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the Mutual Learning, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of the GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and solutions
The following were identified as issues, and experience was shared to seek options and solutions.
 How to aggregate AD to use in the national level inventory (who compiles it/checks it etc.)
 How to disaggregate AD (e.g. to calculate emissions from Iron and Steel Production using the2006 IPCC Guidelines - by process type/furnace type) How to construct AD (e.g. for each sub-category under Refrigeration and Air Conditioning) How to deal with smaller sources/smaller non-CO2 emissions, and prioritization of work
 How to make better uncertainty assessments
 How to develop better institutional arrangements for the IP sector inventory, especially withregard to data provision
 How to deal with the issue of historical data availability
 How to explain country-specific EFs transparently
 How to harmonize the national inventory and corporate reported data (for the future)➢Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices.
 Building trust and capacities in the stakeholders (e.g. private sector data providers), throughutilization of workshops - asking for data and later providing results of calculations, or providing
explanations of data handling to alleviate concerns on confidentiality
 Better understanding of the IPCC Guidelines, leading to better AD provision and developmentof country-specific EFs
 Applying newer default values from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines➢Possible follow-up activities
The following were identified as possible follow-up activities.
 Further consideration of other emissions than CO2 such as CH4, N2O, and NMVOCs etc., for all
sources Re-evaluation of Lime production AD and EF

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

Table 4.3.3 Participants in the ML on Industrial Processes Sector
PartiesName
Organization
Title
MyanmarMr. Myint Soe
SNC Myanmar
Environmental
ExpertMs. Hnin Hnin Aye SNC Myanmar
Environmental
ExpertMr. Aung Thu Han
Environmental
Assistant
Conservation
Director
Department, Ministry of
Natural Resources andEnvironmental
Conservation
Malaysia
Ms. Ee Sann Tan
Department ofSenior Lecturer
Mechanical Engineering,
Universiti Tenaga asional(UNITEN)
Dr. Elizabeth Philip Climate Change &HeadForestry Programme,
Forest Research Institute
Malaysia (FRIM)
Environmental
AssistantManagement and Climate Secretary
Mr. Muhammad
Change,Ridzwan bin Ali
Ministry of Natural
Resources andEnvironment
Facilitatorsand Ms. Elsa Hatanaka
GHG Inventory Office of Researcher
Resource persons(Facilitator)
Japan (GIO), National
InstituteforEnvironmental
Studies(NIES)
Mr. Kohei Sakai
GHG Inventory Office of GHG Inventory(Sub-facilitator)
Japan (GIO), National Expert
InstituteforEnvironmental
Studies(NIES)
Mr. Takuji Terakawa Mitsubishi UFJ Research Analyst(Resource person)
and Consulting Co., Ltd.
Observers
Mr. Shigeyoshi Sato Ministryof
the Chief Official
Environment, Japan
Mr. Kosuke Murata Ministryof
the Official
Environment, Japan

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4.4 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector
Sector Overview
Indonesia and Lao PDR participated in the mutual learning session for Land Use, Land-Use
Change and Forestry sector. The general information of two countries was shown in Table below.
Table 4.4.1 Sector Overview for the ML on LULUCF Sector
Indonesia
Lao PDR
National total GHG
758,979 (in 2012)
8,826 (in 2000)
emissions (Gg-CO2
eq., without LUCF)
GHG
694,978(in 2012)
41,916 (in 2000)
emissions/removals in
the LULUCF sector(Gg-CO2 eq.)
The Ministry of Natural
Responsible agency The Ministry of Environment,
for the inventory
Centre for National GHG Resources and Environment
Inventory System
Estimation
2006 IPCC Guidelines, GPG Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
methodology(2000)* and GPG-LULUCF*, and GPG (2000) *, Tier 1
Tier 1 and Tier 2
Source of emission Country-specific parameters and IPCC default values
factors
IPCC default values
Source of activity data Mainly from satellite data and Mainly from national forest
survey (hybrid of approach 2 and inventory report/system
3)*GPG (2000): IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories*GPG-LULUCF: IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the mutual learning session in WGIA14, both countries exchanged their
documents relevant to GHG emission/removal estimation for the sector to the Secretariat two months
before the workshop. The exchanged documents were as follows:Indonesia:- Indonesia’s First Biennial Update Report (BUR) under the UNFCCC in 2015 (PDF)- GHG inventory (reported inventory years: 2000 to 2012) (Excel)
Lao PDR:- Lao PDR’s Second National Communication (SNC) under the UNFCCC in 2013 (PDF)- Overview- GHG inventory spreadsheet (reported inventory year: 2010) (Excel)- Module5- LUCF sector (reported inventory year: 2010) (Excel)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the estimation documents, both countries studied them and submitted questions
and comments to the partner country through Secretariat approximately one month before theworkshop. The classification and the number of the questions are as follows.
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Table 4.4.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on LULUCF Sector
Number of questions
Classification of question
from Lao PDR tofrom Indonesia to
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Acquisition of activity data
12
Adoption of emission factors or parameters
2
3
Estimation methods
22Institutional arrangement
1
1
Others02Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the mutual learning, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and solutions
For both countries, treatment of agricultural plantation and agroforestry in terms of land-use
definitions should be considered (especially canopy >20%).
Lao PDR:
The issues raised for Lao PDR were: 1) some categories (such as CO2 emissions from mineral soil)
are not estimated because of inadequate activity data. 2) key category analysis was not conducted, but
it will be done in the future, in Lao PDR’s third national communication under the UNFCCC; 3)changes from primary forest to secondary forest and other land uses were not fully estimated.
➢Good Practice
The good practices for both countries were: 1) institutional arrangement for GHG inventory isestablished, i.e. built on existing arrangement; 2) illegal logging information in the loss estimation isreflected.
Indonesia:
The good practices identified for Indonesia were: 1) in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines,
key category analysis (with LUCF and without LUCF) were conducted for data of 2012; 2) uncertainty
analysis (with LUCF and without LUCF) were conducted qualitatively by Tier1; 3) the 2006 IPC
Guidelines as well as the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Guidelines) were applied; 4) some data applied to national forest
reference emission levels (RLs) for REDD+ in forest sector were used; 5) a hybrid approach in land
representation was conducted.
Lao PDR:
The good practices identified for Lao PDR were: 1) template tables of the Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines were applied for calculation of GHG emissions and removals with the use of updated
emission factors in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. It is easy to track the calculation process; 2) country
specific information of biomass stock in “after conversion” version was given.
➢Possible follow-up activities
Both countries agreed that applying good practices of other countries is important.

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Indonesia:
Methodologies and data, including land representation, should be improved.
Lao PDR:
Applying the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and moving to higher tier with the use of country specificemission factors should be considered.

PartiesIndonesia

Lao PDR

Table 4.4.3 Participants in the ML on LULUCF Sector
Name
Organization
Prof. Rizaldi Boer
Center for Climate Risk
and Opportunity
Management Bogor
Agricultural University
Mr. Ginting
CCROM-SEAP IPB
Immanuel Gito
Mr. Budi Harto
Climate Ministry ofEnvironment and Forestry
Ms. Mamay
Maesaroh

Climate Ministry ofEnvironment and Forestry

Mr. Nouansyvong
Mone

Department of Disaster
Management and Climate
Change, MoNRE
Department of Disaster
Management and Climate
Change, MoNRE

Mr. Inthaboualy
ImmalaMr. BounthabandidSoukanh
Facilitatorsand Dr. Midori
Resource persons
Yanagawa(Co-facilitator)
Mr. Hiroshi Ito(Co-facilitator)
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi(Co-facilitator)
Mr. Atsushi Sato
(Resource person)

Title
Executive
director
LULUCFGHG Inventoryof Landbased
SectorGHG Inventoryof Landbased
Sector
GHGI
compiler

Chief of GHGIand Mitigation
Division/
GHGI
Coordinator
Forest Inventory and
DeputyPlanning division (FIPD)
Director of FIP
GHG Inventory Office of GHG Inventory
Japan (GIO), National Expert
Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES)

Environment and Energy Senior
Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ Researcher
Research and Consulting
Co., Ltd.

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

4.5 Waste Sector
Sector Overview
Mongolia and Thailand participated in a ML session for waste sector. The general information of
the two countries was shown in Table 4.5.1 :Table 4.5.1 Sector Overview for the ML on Waste Sector
Mongolia
ThailandNational total GHG
26,277 (in 2012, excluding
305,523 (in 2011, excluding
emissions (Gg-CO2 eq.)
LULUCF)
LULUCF p30 BUR2015)
GHG emissions in the
263 (in 2012
11,425
Waste sector (Gg-CO2 eq.)
MARCC2014 p223)(in 2011 p30 BUR2015)
Responsible agency for the The Ministry of
Office of Natural Resources
inventory
Environment, Greenand Environmental Policy
Development and Tourism
and Planning(MEGDT)
Organization in charge of
Climate Change Project
Thailand Greenhouse Gas
Waste sector
Implementing UnitManagement Organization
Estimation methodology
Tier2 for Key category,Tier2 for Key category,
Tier 1 for others
Tier 1 for others
Source of emission factors Country-specific parameters Country-specific parametersand IPCC default values
and IPCC default values
Source of activity data
National statistics
Mainly from national
statistics
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA14, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to GHG emission estimation of the sector with each other two months before the workshop.
The exchanged documents were as follows:
Mongolia:- Mongolia’s Assessment Report on Climate Change (MARCC)-2009- Mongolia’s Assessment Report on Climate Change (MARCC)-2014- Second National Communication 2010
- CRF tables 1990-2012 (Excel)- CRF tables 1990-2006 (Excel)
Thailand:- Document on GHG mitigation in the Waste sector for the 3rd National Communication andBiennial Updated Report (BUR)- CRF tables 2006 (Excel)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided questions
and comments to their partner country approximately one month before the workshop. The
classification and the number of the questions were as follows.

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Table 4.5.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on Waste Sector
Number of questions
Classification of question
from Thailand to from Mongolia to
Mongolia
ThailandAcquisition of activity data32
Adoption of emission factors or20parameters
Estimation methods
27Institutional arrangement
00
Others01Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the mutual learning, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and solutions/ Outstanding issues
Solid Waste Disposal- Mongolia announced that the FOD method will be adopted in their current ongoing GHG
inventory preparation with historical waste data.
- Thailand shared their methods for activity data collection and estimation for completing historicalactivity data.
- Thailand shared their experience that waste composition may be influenced by the level ofurbanization in cities and their recycling policy.
Waste Water Handling- Mongolia and Thailand shared the common understanding that CH4 and N2O emissions from
untreated wastewater need to be estimated in GHG inventory based on 2006 GL.
- Thailand raised the concern that it was necessary to consider air temperature for determining MCF
for EF for septic tanks. Low temperatures such as those in Mongolia in the winter season may
affect CH4 and N2O production.
Uncertainty- Mongolia informed that uncertainty analysis would be conducted in their current ongoing GHG
inventory preparation.
- Thailand shared their results of uncertainty analysis using Tier 1 methodology in the Waste sector
and explained its next improvement plan to upgrade uncertainty in EF.
➢Good Practices
Mongolia:- Mongolia introduced new country specific MCF for CH4 emissions from septic tank for someindustrial wastewater, which is a major GHG emission source in the wastewater treatment category
in Mongolia, based on domestic research.
Thailand:- There was a significant update from SNC (2011) to BUR (2015) in the Waste sector in terms ofaccuracy and completeness. A key driving force of this improvement in Thailand is deciding anational GHG reduction target as INDC and a national plan for promoting mitigation actions.
➢Follow-up activity- Mongolia will apply the FOD method for estimating CH4 emissions from SWDS and conduct
uncertainty analysis in the next GHG inventory preparation.
- Thailand will update uncertainty analysis for the next GHG inventory preparation.
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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session➢Suggestions for future ML and WGIA
- ML with 3 or 4 participating countries may be effective in terms of wider information sharing.
However, necessary time for discussion should be considered.
- More in-depth discussion on the estimation of GHG emissions under limited AD availability
and/or country-specific EF for estimation of emissions will be effective.
PartiesMongolia

ThailandFacilitators
andResource
persons

Table 4.5.3 Participants in the ML on Waste Sector
Name
Organization
Title
Dr. Shaariibuu
CCPIU of NCF under
Environmental Expert
Gerelmaa
MEGDT
Dr. Baasansuren
Senior Programme Officer
IPCC
JAMSRANJAVDr.
Kasetsart University
Associate Professor
Chiemchaisri
Chart
Dr. Jarusutthirak
Associate Professor
ChalorDr. Nugranad
Office of Natural Resources Environmentalist
Jaruneeand Environmental Policy
Dr. Prasertsin
and Planning
Environmentalist
Tuangporn
Mr. Hiroyuki
Environment and Energy
Senior Analyst
Ueda (Chair)Dept., MURC
Ms. Sumiko
GIO
GHG Inventory Expert
Harasawa
Mr. Kohei Sakai
GHG Inventory Expert

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Annex I

CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Annex I: Agenda
The 14th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA14)- Capacity building for measurement, reporting and verification Period: 26th – 29th July, 2016,
Venue: Best Western Premier Tuushin Hotel, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Study tour – Visiting the Salkhit Wind Park (The first Mongolian wind farm)
29 July, 2016, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
08:30-12:00
SectorCombination ofParticipating Countries
Room
Facilitator

Day 1: Morning, 26th July 2016 (Tuesday)
Mutual Learning (Closed sessions: only the countries participating inthe session, facilitators, rapporteurs and the WGIA Secretariat canenter conference rooms for the sessions)
Energy
Waste
Brunei – Korea
Mongolia – Thailand

Suld Hall
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
Mr. Hiroyuki Ueda (MURC)
Mr. Akira Osako (GIO)
Rapporteur
Ms. Sumiko Harasawa (GIO)
Note: Mutual learning sessions are closed sessions in order to secure confidentiality of information
so that countries participating in each mutual learning session can provide unpublishedinformation. Therefore, only participating countries in each session, facilitators, resource persons
and the WGIA Secretariat can enter each of the rooms. In addition, facilitators and resource
persons will be registered in advance and receive confirmation of participation from the countries
engaging in mutual learning and the WGIA Secretariat.
12:00-14:00

Lunch

14:00-17:30
SectorCombination ofParticipating Countries
Room
Facilitator
Rapporteur

Day 1: Afternoon, 26th July (Tuesday)
Mutual Learning (Closed sessions: only the countries participating inthe session, chairs, facilitators, rapporteurs and the WGIA Secretariat
can enter conference rooms for the sessions)
Industrial Process
LULUCF
Malaysia - Myanmar
Lao PDR - Indonesia
Suld Hall
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Ms. Sumiko Harasawa (GIO)

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Annex I

7:45 - 8:30
8:30 – 9:55

Day 2: Morning, 27th July, 2016 (Wednesday)
Participant Registration
Opening Session
Room:
Soyombo Hall

Chair:
Mr. Batjargal Zamba(Mongolia)

Rapporteur:
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka(GIO)
Mr. Yoshio Nakura (MOEJ)

8:30 – 8:40

Welcome Address

8:40 – 8:50

Welcome Address

8:50 – 9:10

Overview of WGIA14 & Progress of Mutual Learning

9:10 – 9:25

Japan's Climate Change Policies

9:25 – 9:40

Climate Change Policy in Mongolia

9:40 – 9:55
9:55 – 10:25
10:25 – 12:00

11:00 – 11:15

Questions and Answers
Group Photo & Tea BreakSession I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update
Reports (BURs) from non-Annex I Parties
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Soyombo Hall
Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka(IGES)(GIO)
Introduction to the Session
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
India’s First Biennial Update Report to UNFCCC
Dr. Javiardhan Ramanlal
Bhatt (India)
Malaysia’s First Biennial Update Report
Dr. Elizabeth M P. Philip(Malaysia)
Biennial Update Report: Indonesia Experience
Mr. Budiharto (Indonesia)

11:15 – 11:30

Thailand’s First Biennial Update Report

11:30 – 12:00
12:00 – 13:30

Questions and Answers
Lunch

10:25 – 10:30
10:30 – 10:45
10:45 – 11:00

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Ms. Bulgan Tumendemberel(Mongolia)
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Mr. Shigeyoshi Sato
(MOEJ)
Mr. Gerelt-Od Tsogtbaatar(Mongolia)
All

Dr. Jarunee Nugranad(Thailand)AllAnnex I

CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

17:05 – 17:30

Day 2 Afternoon, 27th July (Wednesday)
Session II: Institutional Arrangement for National GHG Inventory and BUR
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Soyombo Hall Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/TFI;
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
CGE)
Introduction to the Session
Mr. Akira Osako (GIO)
UNFCCC Support to Strengthening Transparency in
Mr. Dominique Revet
Reporting National GHG Inventory by non-Annex I(UNFCCC)
PartiesCambodia’s Institutional Arrangement to prepare GHG
Mr. Kamal Uy (Cambodia)
inventory
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Overview of GHGs Emission Inventory and Its
Mr. Mohammad Sadegh
Institutional Arrangement in Iran
Ahadi (Iran)National Carbon Accounting Using Remote Sensing Data Dr. Shanti Reddy (Australia)
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll
Tea BreakSession III: Good Practices for ICA Process
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Soyombo Hall Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (AB/ Iora Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
Ecological Solutions Pvt ltd.)
Introduction to the Session
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Introduction of International Consultation and Analysis
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe(ICA) Process(IPCC/TFI; CGE)
Experience on International Consultation and Analysis:
Prof. Zhu Songli (China)
TA and FSV
Experience of Vietnam during ICA Process for the
Dr. Nguyen Phuong Nam
reviewing of the first BUR(Vietnam)
Sharing the Experience of the first BUR and ICA in the
Dr. Hyung-Wook Choi
Republic of Korea(Korea)Questions and Answers, Discussion
All

19:00 – 21:00

Welcome Reception hosted by Japan & Mongolia

13:30 – 15:30

13:30 – 13:35
13:35 – 13:50
13:50 – 14:05
14:05 – 14:25
14:25 – 14:40
14:40 – 14:55
14:55 – 15:15
15:15 – 15:45
15:45 – 17:30

15:45 – 15:50
15:50 – 16:05
16:05 – 16:25
16:25 – 16:45
16:45 – 17:05

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Annex I

9:00 – 12:30

9:00 – 9:05
9:05 – 9:20
9:20 – 9:35
9:35 – 9:50
9:50 – 10:15
10:15– 10:45
10:45 – 11:00
11:00 – 11:15
11:15 – 11:30
11:30 – 12:00
12:00 – 13:30
13:30 – 15:00

Day 3 Morning, 28th July 2016 (Thursday)
Session IV: Activities with Co-benefits for GHG Inventories or Mitigation, andRelated Support
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Soyombo Hall Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon (AB/ Mr. Naofumi Kosaka
King Mongkut’s University of(GIO)
Technology Thonburi)
Introduction to the Session
Mr. Kohei Sakai (GIO)
Terrestrial monitoring and GHG inventories
Dr. Nobuko Saigusa (NIES)
The Co-benefit Study on Greenhouse Gases Mitigation
Prof. Gao Qingxian (China)
and Air Pollution Control in China
FAO in support of MRV in Agriculture
Mr. Martial Bernoux (FAO)
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll
Tea BreakCurrent state of Joint Crediting Mechanism development Ms. Undarmaa Khurelbaatar
in Mongolia(Mongolia)
IPCC TFI: Recent Activities
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav(IPCC/TFI/TSU)
Global Support Programme (GSP)
Mr. Stanford Mwakasonda
Technical Support to Non-Annex 1 countries in their(UNEP)
climate change reporting obligations
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Lunch
Day 3 Afternoon, 28th July (Thursday)

Poster Session
Room: Poster Room (In front of Soyombo Hall)
15:00 – 16:30 Wrap-up Session
Room: Soyombo Hall
Chair: Dr. Nobuko Saigusa (NIES)
15:00 – 15:15 Summary of the Mutual Learning Sessions
Ms. Sumiko Harasawa(GIO)
15:15 – 15:30 Discussion
All
15:30– 15:45 Tea Break
15:45 – 16:00 Summary of the Plenary Sessions
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
16:00 – 16:10 Discussion
All
Closing Remarks
16:10 – 16:20 Closing Remarks
Mr. Batjargal Zamba(Mongolia)
16:20 – 16:30 Closing Remarks
Dr. Nobuko Saigusa (NIES)
17:00 – 18:00
17:00 – 17:30
17:30 – 18:00

Day 3 Evening, 28th July (Thursday)
Joint Meeting of the WGIA Organizing Committee and Advisory Board (membersof the OC and AB, the WGIA Secretariat)
Room: Suld Hall
Chair: Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Review of Activities in WGIA14
All
Discussion on Topics for WGIA15
All

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Annex I
8:00 – 17:00

CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

Study Tour, 29th July 2016 (Friday)
Study Tour - Visiting Salkhit Wind Park (The first Mongolian wind farm)

Abbreviations:
AB: WGIA Advisory Board
BUR: Biennial Update Report
CGE: Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to
the Convention
GHG: Greenhouse Gas
GIO: Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, NIESICA: International Consultation and Analysis
IGES: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC/TFI/TSU: IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Technical Support Unit
JCM: Joint Crediting Mechanism
JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
MOEJ: Ministry of the Environment, Japan
MRV: Measurement, Reporting and Verification
MURC: Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting
NC: National Communication
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
OC: WGIA Organizing Committee
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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Annex I

Poster Sessions
13:30 – 15:00
Number
P-1

P-2

Room:
Title
What’s your difficulty in developing
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Measurement and Management? KEEI
can help you solve the difficulty!
- KEEI National Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Measurement-Management
System National GHG Inventory System in the
Republic of Korea

P-3

Sustainable Development & Climate
Change: Toward Enhancing the Roleof Capacity Development for
Implementation of INDCs in the
ASEAN Countries

P-4

Low Carbon Society and Mitigation
Measures

P-5

GHG measurement and data analysis
in Mongolia

P-6

Uncertainty Analysis of CO2 Emission
from Municipal Solid Waste
Incineration Plant
1. Estimation of methane, carbon
dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions
from Landfill in China
2. Outcomes of Research on Low
Carbon in CRAES
Methodology to develop (higher Tier)
EF in waste sector in Thailand

P-7

P-8

P-9

P-10

Tier2 Emission Factor of Methane andNitrous Oxide from Rice Rotation
SystemP-11

Developing country level emission
factors

65
68

Name, Organization
Dr. Sung-kyun Kim, Dr. Gil-Whan Kim, Ms.
Ji-Hyeon Kim
Korea Energy Economics Institute, Republic of
Korea

Ms. Nari Youn, Dr. Hyung-Wook Choi
Greenhouse gas Inventory and ResearchCenter, Republic of Korea
Dr. Bundit Limmechokchai,Sirinthorn International Institute of Technology,
Thammasat University, Thailand
Dr. Jakkanit Kananurak, Ms. Nareerat
Thanakasem
Climate Change International Technical andTraining Center, TGO, Thailand
Mr. Myint Soe,
Environmental Expert, SNC Myanmar,
MyanmarMs. Oyunchimeg Dugerjav
Researcher, Information and Research Instituteof Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment(IRIMHE), Mongolia
Mr. Jeejae Lim and Prof. Seungdo Kim,
Hallym University, Republic of Korea
Prof. Gao Qingxian,
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences (CRAES), China
Komsilp Wangyao1, Noppharit Sutthasil2,
Panida Payomthip1, Sakulrat Sutthiprapa2,
Chart Chiemchaisri2 and Sirintornthep
Towprayoon1,
1King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand
2
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Ms. Nittaya Cha-un, Mr. Amnat Chidthaisong
and Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon, King
Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi,
ThailandDr. Elizabeth M P. Philip,
Environmental Management and Climate
Change, Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment, Malaysia

Annex I

CGER-I131-2016, CGER/NIES

P-12

Deep decarbonizing AFOLU sector
toward 2 degree

P-13

Forest Degradation Mapping Using
Advanced Spatial Techniques
Grid-based Sampling of Satellite
Imagery to Support Mongolia’s
AFOLU Sector GHG Reporting and
REDD+ Forest Reference Level
Construction
Developing higher tier data for
estimation of GHG emissions fromfossil fuel power plants in Thailand

P-14

P-15

P-16
P-17

Brunei Darussalam’s GHG Emissions
and emission trends in the energy
sector (2010-2014)
Preparation of Japan’s National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Trends
in GHG Emissions

66
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Prof. Rizaldi Boer,
Centre for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management in Southeast Asia and Pacific,
Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya,
Iora Ecological Solutions Pvt ltd., India
Mr. Richard Metcalfe,
UN-REDD Programme, Mongolia

Awassada Phongphiphat, Suthum Patumsawadand Sirintornthep Towprayoon,
King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Thonburi (KMUTT)
Mr. Abdul Matiin Hj Muhd Kasim,
Renewable Energy Unit, Energy Department,
Prime Minister’s Office, Brunei
GIO, Japan

Annex II: List of Participants

CGER-I131-2016,
CGER/NIESGER-I126-2016,
CGER/NIES

Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Annex II: List of Participants

Mr. Ginting Immanuel Gito
Centre for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management in Southeast Asia and Pacific,
Bogor Agricultural University

BY PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES(Alphabetical order by family name)JAPAN
Mr. Takeshi Enoki
Environment and Energy Dept.
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.

BRUNEI
Mr. Abdul Matiin Kasim
Renewable Energy Unit, Energy Department,
Prime Minister’s Office
Mr. Muhd Nabih Fakhri Matussin
Renewable & Alternative Energy Department
Brunei National Energy Research Institute

Ms. Sumiko Harasawa
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

CAMBODIA
Ms. Sophyra Sar
Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fishery
Forestry Administration

Ms. Elsa Hatanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Kamal Uy
Climate Change Department,
Ministry of Environment

Ms. Atsuko Hayashi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

CHINA
Prof. Qingxian Gao
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences (CRAES)
Center for climate change impact research

Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

Prof. Songli Zhu
Energy Research Institute, National
Development and Reform Commission

Mr. Masaaki Igeta
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

INDIA
Dr. Javiardhan Ramanlal Bhatt
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeMr. Hiroshi Ito
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya
Iora Ecological Solutions Pvt ltd

Mr. Naofumi Kosaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

INDONESIA
Mr. Budiharto
Climate Change
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. Kosuke Murata
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment of Japan

Mrs. Mamay Maesaroh
Climate Change
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National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Yoshio Nakura
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment of JapanLAO PDR.
Mr. Soukanh Bounthabandid
Forest Inventory and Planning division
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Akira Osako
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Immala Inthaboualy
Inventory and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation,
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Dr. Nobuko Saigusa
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr.Mone Nouansyvong
Technology Needs Assessment Project,
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Kohei Sakai
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

MALAYSIA
Dr. Elizabeth M P. Philip
Climate change & forestry Programme, Forest
Research Institute

Mr. Atsushi Sato
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. Muhammad Ridzwan Ali
Environmental Management and Climate
Change, Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Mr. Shigeyoshi Sato
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Ms. Tan Ee Sann
Department of Mechanical Engineering
UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

Mr. Tomoki Takahashi
Environment and Energy Dept.
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.

MONGOLIA
Dr. Otgonsuren Avirmed
Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)
Mr. Bilguun-Ochir Bat
Mongolia Water Forum Uskhelts

Mr. Takuji Terakawa
Environment and Energy Dept.
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,
Ltd.

Prof. Namkhainyam Busjav
Mongolian University of Science andTechnology (MUST)

Mr. Hiroyuki Ueda
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Ms. Ariunjargal Begzragchaa
Ministry of Industry (MoI)

Dr. Midori Yanagawa
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Tegshjargal Bumtsend
Climate Change Project Implementing Unit
(CCPIU), Nature Conservation Fund, Ministryof Environment, Green Development andTourism of Mongolia (MEGDT)

Ms. Atsuko Yoshimura
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,

Mr. Dagvadorj Damdin
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Climate change advisor

Ms. Enkhsaikhan Tsedenish
Ministry of Environment Green Development
and Tourism (MEGDT)

Ms. Dulamsuren Dashdorj
National Ozone Authority, Ministry ofEnvironment, Green Development and Tourism
Mr. Chris Dickinson
UN-REDD Mongolia National Programme

Ms. Bolormaa Tsend-Ayush
Central Water Lab, Water Supply and Sewerage
Authorithy

Ms. Oyunchimeg Dugerjav
Environmental Research section, Information
and research Institute for Meteorology
Hydrology and Environment (IRIMHE)

Mr. Gerelt-Od Tsogtbaatar
International Cooperation Division, Ministry ofEnvironment, Green Development and Tourismof Mongolia

Mr. Ravi Shanker Goel
Embassy of India in Mongolia

Ms. Bulgan Tumendemberel
Ministry of Environment Green Development
and Tourism

Dr. Dorjpurev Jargal
Senior consultant, EEC Co. Ltd

Mr. Batjargal Zamba
CCPIU, NCF, MEDGT

Mr. Khishigjargal Batjantsan
UN-REDD Mongolia National Programme

MYANMAR
Ms. Hnin Hnin Aye
Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise,
Ministry of Electric PowerMs. Unadarmaa Khurelbaatar
JCM secretariat, Nature Conservation Fund

Mr. Aung Thu Han
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Mr. Richard Metcalfe
UN-REDD Mongolia National Programme
Dr. Khongor Tsogt
UN-REDD Mongolia National Programme

Mr. Myint Soe
Directorate of Industrial Planning Control
Department,
Ministry of Industry

Ramachandran M.R
Embassy of India in Mongolia
Ms. Otgonchimeg
Ministry of Environment Green Development
and Tourism

REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Dr. Hyung-Wook Choi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research Center of
Korea

PhD. Gomboluudev Purevjav
Climate change division of Information andResearch Institute for Meteorology, Hydrology
and Environment

Dr. Gilwhan Kim
Korea Energy Economics Institute

Dr. Batimaa Punsalmaa
Mongolia Water Forum Uskhelts

Ms. Ji-hyeon Kim
Korea Energy Economics Institute

Dr. Gerelmaa Shaariibuu
CCPIU, NCF, Ministry of Environment, Green
Development and Tourism

Prof. Seungdo Kim
Research Center for Climate Change
Hallym University
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Office of Natural Resources and Environmental
Policy and Planning

Dr. Sung-Kyun Kim
Korea Energy Economics Institute,
Climate Change Research Division

Ms. Nareerat Thanakasem
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization

Mr. Junseob Lee
GHG Information Team, Dept. of Climate
Change Response
Korea Environment Corporation

Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi

Mr. Youngkyu Lee
GHG Information Team, Dept. of Climate
Change Response
Korea Environment Corporation

VIETNAM
Dr. Do Tien Anh
Climate Change Research Center
Vietnam Institute of Meteorology Hydrology
and Climate Change

Mr. Jeejae Lim
Research Institute for Climate Change, Dept. ofEnvironmental Sciences and Biotechnology,
Hallym University

Dr. Nguyen Phuong Nam
Climate Change Mitigation Technology,
Vietnam Center for Technology Responding to
Climate Change

Ms. A-gyeoung ParkGHG Information Team, Dept. of Climate
Change Response
Korea Environment Corporation

OTHERS
IPCC TFI TSU
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Technical Support Unit, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change

Ms. Nari Youn
Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Centerof Korea
THAILAND
Prof. Chart Chiemchaisri
Kasetsart University

Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe
Co-Chair, Task Force on National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change

Dr. Chalor Jarusutthirak
Kasetsart University

UNFCCCMr. Dominique André Revet
Mitigation, Data and Analysis (MDA)
Programme, UNFCCC Secretariat

Dr. Jakkanit Kananurak
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization (TGO)
Dr. Bundit Limmechokchai
Sustainable Energy & Low Carbon research
unit Sirinthorn International Institute ofTechnology, Thammasat University

FAO
Mr. Martial Bernoux
Climate, Energy and Tenure Division
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
NationDr. Jarunee Nugranad
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental
Policy and Planning

Australia, Department of the Environment
Dr. Shanti Reddy
International Climate Change and Energy

Ms. Tuangporn Prasertsin
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Innovation Department of the Environment
Iran
Mr.Mohammad Sadegh Ahadi
National Climate Change Office, Department ofEnvironment

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