2014

Contents

Staff and Organization2

Research Programme

5

Progress Reports
Projects

6

Division of Regional – Scale Water Cycle Processes

7

Laboratory of Meteorology

7

Laboratory for Cloud and Precipitation Climatology

9

Division of Global – Scale Water Cycle Variations

11

Eco-Climate System Laboratory

11

Laboratory of Satellite Biological Oceanography

15

Laboratory of Bio-Physical Oceanography

18

Endowed Research Division

19

Stakeholder Management Research Laboratory

19

List of Publications

21

Staff and Organization
Research
Division

Division of Regional-Scale Water Cycle Processes
Lab. of Meteorology
Prof. UYEDA Hiroshi, Prof. TSUBOKI Kazuhisa, Assoc. Prof. SHINODA Taro

Board ofCouncilors

Lab. for Cloud and Precipitation Climatology
Assoc. Prof. MASUNAGA Hirohiko

Director

Division of Global-Scale Water Cycle Variations
Eco-Climate System Lab.
Prof. HIYAMA Tetsuya, Assoc. Prof. KUMAGAI Tomo’omi
Assist. Prof. FUJINAMI Hatsuki
Lab. of Satellite Biological Oceanography

Advisory
Board

Prof. ISHIZAKA Joji, Assist. Prof. MINO Yoshihisa
Lab. of Bio-Physical Oceanography
Assoc. Prof. MORIMOTO Akihiko

Board onResearch
Collaboration

Endowed Research Division
Stakeholder Management Research Lab.
Prof. YASUDA Kimiaki, Assist. Prof. MOTOSU MemiHyARC Observation Unit

Technical Office (Technical Center)
MINDA Haruya, KYUSHIMA Moeto

Administration

General Affairs Division

Department,
ResearchResearch Support OfficeInstitutes

Research Support Section
General Affairs Section / Personnel Affairs Section

Accounting Division
Accounting Section / Supplies Section / Maintenance Section2Administration
Board of Councilors●Members from Nagoya Universituy
TANAKA Kentaro: Prof., Graduate School of Science
TSUJIMOTO Tetsuro: Prof., Graduate School of Engineering
TAKENAKA Chisato: Prof., Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
KANZAWA Hiroshi: Prof., Graduate School of Environmental Studies
MATSUMI Yutaka: Prof., Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory
ISHIZAKA Joji: Director, Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center
UYEDA Hiroshi: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center
TSUBOKI Kazuhisa: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center
HIYAMA Tetsuya: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center

Advisory Board●Members from outside of Nagoya University
FUJIYOSHI Yasushi: Specially Appointed Prof., Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido
University
HANAWA Kimio: Prof., Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
TERASHIMA Ichiro: Prof., Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
NAKAMURA Kenji: Prof., Department of Economics on Sustainability, Dokkyo University
SUMI Akimasa: President, National Institute for Environmental Studies
YAMANAKA Manabu: Principal Scientist, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for
Marine-Earth Science and Technology
TANIGUCHI Makoto: Prof., Research Institute for Humanityand Nature
OKI Riko: Senior Researcher, Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency●Members from HyARC, Nagoya University
UYEDA Hiroshi: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
TSUBOKI Kazuhisa: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
HIYAMA Tetsuya: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
MASUNAGA Hirohiko: Assoc. Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
KUMAGAI Tomo’omi: Assoc. Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
MORIMOTO Akihiko: Assoc. Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
SHINODA Taro: Assoc. Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University

3

Board on Research Collaboration●Members from outside of Nagoya University
FUJIYOSHI Yasushi: Specially Appointed Prof., Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido
University
YAMANAKA Manabu: Principal Scientist, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for
Marine-Earth Science and Technology
TANIGUCHI Makoto: Prof., Research Institute for Humanityand Nature
OKI Riko: Senior Researcher, Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency●Members from Nagoya University
UYEDA Hiroshi: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
TSUBOKI Kazuhisa: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
SHINODA Taro: Assoc. Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University

Stakeholder Management on Offshore Wind Endowed Research Division Steering
Committee●Members from outside of Nagoya University
FUJIYOSHI Yasushi: Specially Appointed Prof., Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido
University●Members from Nagoya University
KANZAWA Hiroshi: Prof., Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University
YASUDA Kimiaki : Prof., Endowed Research Division Professor, Hydrospheric AtmosphericResearch Center, Nagoya University
ISHIZAKA Joji: Director, Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
UYEDA Hiroshi: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
TSUBOKI Kazuhisa: Prof., Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
MORIMOTO Akihiko: Assoc., Prof. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University

4Research Program
Satellite Data Simulators and their application to numerical model
evaluation
A satellite simulator is a computer program that reproduces satellite-observed radiances or radar
echoes by applying radiative transfer computations to temperature and humidity profiles and cloud andprecipitation fields generated by numerical models such as cloud-resolving modes and generalcirculation models. We develop and distribute the Satellite Data Simulator Unit (SDSU) at HyARC and,as an effort for its applications, conduct an evaluation study of the cloud microphysical schemes for
CReSS. This research program is aimed at strengthening the link between the satellite simulator
developers and existing and new users across the country. In this year, we continued to collaborate with
the Joint-Simulator developer team lead by Prof. Masaki Satoh at AORI of University of Tokyo and the
JMA Meteorological Satellite Center team in charge of the data product for the next generation
Geostationary Meteorological Satellites. A participation of Dr. Yousuke Sato from RIKEN with theexpertise in LES simulations of stratocumulus clouds have added a new contribution to widen theapplicability of satellite simulators.
A joint workshop on GSMaP and satellite simulators was held together with the GSMaP developergroup on March 2nd and 3rd, 2015. Scientists specializing in broad areas of satellite meteorology
participated in this workshop, leading to further reinforcement of our confidence that HyARC are andwill be playing a pivotal role in the relevant research community in Japan.

5

Progress Reports

Projects

Program for Risk Information on Climate Change (SOUSEI Program)
Development of coupled ocean-atmosphere non-hydrostatic model for typhoon research
The research project has been performed as a part of the SOUSEI program since 2011. The purposesin this year are simulation experiments of observed typhoons using the coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean
non-hydrostatic model and their verification, estimation of the maximum typhoon intensity in the futureclimate by downscale experiments, performing the daily simulation using the coupled model, and a
response analysis of the ocean to typhoons by comparing simulations and observations.
The development of the coupled model has almost finished. Using the coupled model, simulations of
the atmosphere and ocean are performed three times a week at present. When a typhoon occurs, a special
experiment is also performed. To examine the effect of coupling, we compared the simulation
experiments using the coupled model and uncoupled model. In this study, we found that the Kuroshio
warm current enhances the typhoon which moved along the current.
For coupling experiments of the future climate typhoons, we are developing a method to give dataof water temperature of the ocean. At present, temperature difference is used to increase the ocean
temperature. Further investigation and experiments are necessary for the estimation of the temperature.
Using a regional non-hydrostatic atmospheric model, simulations of historical typhoons were
performed. A rapid intensification of the historical typhoon IDA was successfully simulated. In thedownscale experiments of the future climate typhoons, the most intense super-typhoon attained a centralpressure of 857 hPa and a wind speed of 88 m s–1. The maximum intensity of the super-typhoon was little
affected by uncertainties that arise from experimental settings. This study indicates that the most intense
future super-typhoon could attain wind speeds of 85–90 m s–1 and minimum central pressures of 860 hPa.

6

Division of Regional – Scale Water Cycle Processes
Laboratory of Meteorology
Future increase of supertyphoon intensity associated with climate change
Super-typhoon is the most intense tropical cyclone category in the western North Pacific,
corresponding to the uppermost part of hurricane category 4 and the category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson
scale. Increases of tropical cyclone intensity with global warming have been demonstrated by historical
data studies and theory. This raises great concern regarding future changes in typhoon intensity. In
particular, future change in severe typhoon intensity in the western North Pacific is a serious problem inthe countries of East Asia, because typhoon intensity change strongly affects human societies and alters
disasters as well as water resources. Disaster prevention planning should take into consideration thelikely intensities of the most intense storms in the future. The present study addressed the problem towhat extent super-typhoons will become intense in the global warming climate of the late twenty-first
century.
Very high-resolution downscale experiments using a cloud-resolving model without convective
parameterizations were performed for the 30 most intense typhoons obtained from the 20-km-meshglobal simulation of a warmer climate. Twelve super-typhoons occurred in the downscale experiments
and the most intense super-typhoon attained a central pressure of 857 hPa and a wind speed of 88 m s–1.
The increase of typhoon intensity in the downscale experiments is more clearly apparent if the typhoons
are arranged in order of strength. There is a significant difference of typhoon intensity between thepresent and future climates (Fig. 1). To increase the reliability of the projected maximum intensity of themost intense super-typhoon in the future climate and to estimate the range of uncertainty of the intensity,
we also performed several sensitivity experiments of the most intense super-typhoon in the future climate.
The results indicate that the maximum intensity of the super-typhoon was little affected by uncertainties
that arise from experimental settings. As a result, the most intense future super-typhoon could attain windspeeds of 85–90 m s–1 and minimum central pressures of 860 hPa.
From the viewpoint of disaster prevention, the tracks and landfall points of super-typhoons areserious concerns. The 12 super-typhoons in the future climate track over most regions of the western
North Pacific (Fig. 2). Nine super-typhoons turned to the north or to the northeast. Six super-typhoons
maintained their intensity even north of 30 °N because of the higher SST in the future climate. These
results suggest that mid-latitude regions of East Asia, including Japan, are highly susceptible to theeffects of super-typhoons in the future.

Reference：
Tsuboki, K., M. K. Yoshioka, T. Shinoda, M. Kato, S. Kanada, and A. Kitoh (2015), Future increase of
supertyphoon intensity associated with climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42 , 646–652,
doi:10.1002/2014GL061793.

7

Fig. 1：Intensity distributions of the 30 typhoons arranged in order of intensity obtained in the downscale
experiments in the present climate (thin lines) and the future climate (thick lines). The red lines areminimum central sea level pressures (SLPs) and the blue lines are the lifetime-maximum wind speeds(WSs) of the typhoons.

Fig. 2：Tracks of super-typhoons identified in the downscale experiments in the future climate. The red, thick–1
parts of the lines indicate periods when the maximum surface wind speed was greater than 66.9 m s (130knots), which is the threshold wind speed for a super-typhoon. Open and closed circles indicate the initialand final positions, respectively, of typhoons in the experiments.

8

Laboratory for Cloud and Precipitation Climatology
Free-tropospheric moisture convergence and tropical convective regimes
This work searches for the key elements separating the dynamic and quiescent phases characterizing
the tropical atmosphere. The analysis is performed with satellite measurements that are composited into
statistical time series individually for the isolated cumulus and organized system regimes.
Free-tropospheric (FT) moisture convergence, cloud-base (CB) moisture updraft, and FT precipitation
efficiency (FTPE) are then derived under large-scale moisture budget constraints. Precipitation is fed
primarily by FT moisture convergence while FTPE and CB moisture updraft amplify in tandem asorganized systems develop (Figure 1a). In the isolated cumulus regime, FT moisture remains weakly
diverging over time accompanying little change of FTPE (Figure 1b). Figure 2 presents a schematic
summary illustrating the contrasting roles of FT moisture convergence between the two convective
regimes. Figure 2a shows the organized system regime in its developing phase, where large-scale
dynamics is explained by the first baroclinic mode. The tight coupling observed between FT moisture
convergence and FTPE suggests a close collaboration between large-scale dynamics and moist
convection. A thermodynamic consideration with moisture and moist static energy (MSE) convergencessuggests that the organized system regime involves a self-sustaining growth of convection andlarge-scale updraft, giving rise to a dynamic phase. In the isolated cumulus regime (Figure 2b), theshallow mode is prevalent throughout and provides a weak but consistent FT moisture divergence. The
isolated cumulus regime is speculated to be stably maintained without the ability to grow by itself, which
presumably accounts for the longevity of a quiescent phase.

Fig. 1 ： Composite time series ofdifferent moisture budget parameters−1(mm h ) for (a) the organized system
regime and (b) the isolated cumulus
regime.

Fig. 2 ： Schematic to illustrate theproposed hypothesis (see text). The
free troposphere is designated by alight gray box. Horizontal arrows
indicate large-scale mean moistureflow (shaded darker where morehumid), and vertical arrows represent
CB moisture updraft.

Reference: Masunaga, H. (2014), Free-tropospheric moisture convergence and tropical convective
regimes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 8611–8618, doi:10.1002/2014GL062301.
9

Early Evaluation of Ku- and Ka-Band Sensitivities for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)
Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR)
The purpose of this study is to quantify the sensitivity of the Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) mission core observatory Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) with focus on the Ka-band
detectability of light rain and snow in comparison with the Ku-band capability. The GPM mission coreobservatory was launched in February 2014. The DPR consists of two radars with the microwave
frequencies of Ka band (35.55 GHz) and Ku band (13.6 GHz). A Ku-band radar has been demonstrated
by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) to be suitable formeasuring moderate to heavy rains typical of the tropical and mid-latitude regions, while a Ka-band radaris expected to extend its ability to capture weak rain and snow in higher latitudes as well. In this work,
storm top height (STH) is utilized exclusively as the metric of radar sensitivity. The GPM DPR standard
product level 2 version 3 is used in this analysis for the period from April to August 2014. The Ka highsensitivity (HS) mode and Ku have little systematic difference in STH over a broad range of thehistogram, implying that the advantage of the Ka HS mode may not be as distinct as expected. Figure 3
shows the STH histogram for three different meridional zones with oceans and lands separated. The Ka
MS histogram exhibits a notable difference from the other two, where the Ka MS mode tends to misshigh echo tops (4−7 km for Figs 3a, d, 7−12 km for Figs. 3b, e, 4.5−7 km for Figs. 3c, f) and is as a result
biased toward low echo tops. On the other hand, the Ka HS and Ku histograms stay closely together,
implying that the sensitivity advantage of the Ka HS mode may not be as distinct as expected. A closer
inspection, however, reveals that the Ka HS better captures shallowest echo tops below 1.5 km than the
Ku as highlighted by green and red shades in Fig. 3. Such precipitation with low STHs typically
produces light rain with small raindrops and drizzles or light snow with fluffy snowflakes, which are
generally difficult to capture at low microwave frequencies. Overall, the histograms suggest faint hints of
the Ka superiority to the Ku in terms of sensitivity, although the differences are minor. The non-Rayleighscattering effect may have partly offset the sensitivity advantage of the Ka HS over the Ku.

Fig. 3：The STH histogram for Ku,
Ka MS, and Ka HS for (a)30°N−65°N ocean, (b) 30°S−30°N
ocean, (c) 30°S−65°S ocean, (d)30°N−65°N land, (e) 30°S−30°N
land, and (f) 30°S−65°S land. For
visual clarity, the difference
between Ku and Ka HS is shadedin red where Ku exceeds Ka HS
and in green otherwise.

Reference: Toyoshima, K., H. Masunaga, and F. A. Furuzawa, 2015: Early evaluation of Ku- andKa-band sensitivities for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Dual-frequency Precipitation
Radar (DPR), SOLA, 11, 14-17, DOI:10.2151/sola.2015-004.
10

Division of Global – Scale Water Cycle Variations
Eco-Climate System Laboratory
Trend and interannual variability of summer precipitation and the atmospheric moisture
flux convergence in the Arctic circumpolar region, with an emphasis on recent increase of
those around the Lena river basin in eastern Siberia
We investigated trend and interannual variability of summer (June, July and August) precipitationand the atmospheric moisture flux convergence in the Arctic circumpolar region, with an emphasis on
recent increase of those around the Lena river basin in eastern Siberia. Data used in this study are an
archived precipitation data (PREC/L) and two atmospheric re-analysis data (JRA-25/JCDAS, JRA-55).
Previous studies have revealed a negative correlation in the summer atmospheric circulation pattern
between the Lena and Ob river basins. However little is known about the atmospheric water cycles in the
Arctic circumpolar region, including the Mackenzie basin. Hence we compared the trend and interannual
variability of summer atmospheric water cycles in three large North Eurasian river (Lena, Yenisei, andOb) basins together with the Mackenzie basin.
The analyzed results showed that significant increases (positive trend) in the summer precipitation
were detected from 1984 to 2012 in the Lena, Yenisei, and the Mackenzie basins. However, summer
precipitation showed significant decreases (negative trend) over Mongolia and Europe/Russia. This was
because anticyclones dominated in these regions. The most significant enhancement of cyclonic
circulation was detected from 2005 to 2008 on the Eurasian side of the Arctic Ocean. However,anticyclones appeared over Mongolia. These atmospheric circulation patterns increased moisture
convergence over the Lena river basin in this period (Fig. 1). This study also showed a significant
positive correlation in the summer precipitation appeared from around 1995 to 2005 between the Lenaand Yenisei river basins. On the contrary, the negative correlation between the Lena and Ob river basinsbecame unclear from 1993.

Fig1.

11

Changes in water environments and social adaptation under global warming at permafrost
region in eastern Siberia
Meteorological data revealed high rates of summer precipitation in the upper and middle parts of the
Lena river Basin from 2005 to 2008. Summer river flooding around Yakutsk, capital city of the Sakha
Republic of the Russian Federation, has become a problem, severely damaging local agriculture andpastoralism. On the contrary, the spring thaw along the Lena river typically causes river ice flooding,which can be severe when low winter temperatures are followed by gradually increasing spring
temperatures. Such spring floods have caused severe damages to local residents living along the river inalmost every year since 1998.
We investigated local people's perceptions and local governmental adaptation strategies for bothspring- and summer-river flooding. Interestingly, spring flooding has been recognized as beneficial
except when it causes damages to villages along the river. This is because spring floods bringnutrient-rich water to the river islands on which the farmers cultivate pastures for cattle and horses.
Summer river flooding, on the contrary is seen as a hazard, because it submerges the pasture completely
in summer, and prevents getting of hay for cattle and horses.
Village relocations were adopted as one of the adaptation strategies to prevent damages from springfloods. Because local people prefer to live along the river on which their subsistence depends, theyagreed, with government support, to migrate seasonally. There have been no similar adaptations tosummer flooding, however. Based on our observations and analysis, we intend to promote sustainablesubsistence activities in the region by proposing strategies to facilitate information transmission andimprovement of feed-hay distribution networks that can aid in adaptation to spring and summer riverflooding (Fig. 2).
Above-mentioned outcomes were from the research project (C-07) of the Research Institute for
Humanity and Nature (RIHN), entitled "Global Warming and the Human-Nature Dimension in Siberia:
Social Adaptation to the Changes of the Terrestrial Ecosystem, with an Emphasis on Water
Environments".

Fig 2

12

Characteristics of low pressure systems observed in the active phase of intraseasonal
oscillation over Bangladesh
Bangladesh is the predominant area of submonthly-scale (7–25 days) intraseasonal oscillation (ISO)in the Asian monsoon regions (Fig. 3). The ISO activity can control the interannual variability of the totalsummer monsoon rainfall. High-amplitude active peaks of the ISO occur more frequently during wet
monsoon years than during dry monsoon years. Therefore, it is important to study which processes
enhance the amplitude of the active peaks. In this study, the relationship between the low pressure system(LPS) activity and the submonthly-scale ISO of rainfall over Bangladesh during the summer monsoon
season (June–September) has been investigated using APHRODITE and TRMM 3B42 rainfall, andJRA-25 reanalysis data. By detecting and tracking the LPSs formed over the Indian monsoon region overa period of 29 years (1979–2007), we found that about 60 % of active peaks are related to the LPSs
(Fig.4).

Fig3： Time series of area-averaged rainfall in APHRODITE dataset (black bars; left axis) and 7–
25-day-filtered rainfall anomaly (solid line; right axis) from 1 Jun to 30 Sep 1989. Circles denote active
peaks of the ISO. The ‘‘L’’ indicates the active peaks associated with LPS events. Black squares
denote break peaks.

Fig4： LPS associated with an active
peak of the ISO based on TRMM
3B42 rainfall (shading), 850-hPa
geopotential height (contour), andwind vectors on 21 Jun 2003.

In the active peak, the locations of LPS centers are clustered significantly over and around
Bangladesh. These LPSs are formed mainly over the head of the Bay of Bengal and around Bangladesh,and they tend to remain almost stationary throughout the lifetime (Fig.5). The composite structures of the
LPSs indicate that the horizontal scale of the systems is about 600 km. Moreover, as an importantcharacteristic, the maximum moisture convergence occurs on the southeast side of the LPSs. This is
likely caused by interaction between the topography to the north and east of Bangladesh and theprevailing southwesterly winds from the LPSs. This result also indicates that these LPSs havesignificantly different structures from the so-called monsoon depressions over India. The vertical13

structures of the LPSs over Bangladesh show that the associated cyclonic circulation extends up to about
9km (~300 hPa) (Fig.6). The temperature fields are characterized by a well-defined cold core in thelower troposphere and a warm core in the upper levels. These vertical fields are similar to those of
monsoon depressions. The most remarkable contrast is found in the field of horizontal wind divergence.
In the active peak, the LPS has stronger convergence, particularly on the east side in the lower
troposphere, whereas the monsoon depressions show a maximum on the west side. This contrast seems to
be responsible for the difference in the propagation characteristics compared with the monsoon
depression. The submonthly-scale ISO of rainfall over Bangladesh is dominated by the north–south shiftof the monsoon trough; however, this study reveals the important role that the LPSs have in enhancing
the amplitude of the active peaks. Furthermore, among the extreme active peaks, heavy rainfall over thelowland area of Bangladesh is more likely in the presence of an LPS than in its absence. Therefore, theprediction of the genesis and tracks of the LPSs is a crucial aspect in the prediction of seasonal rainfall
over Bangladesh, and it is an important challenge for future research.

Fig6： Composite vertical cross sections inmeridional wind component for the active
peak along the longitude of the LPS center.

Fig5： (a)Distributions of genesis points (red circles) andtracks (solid lines) of LPSs identified in active phase of
ISO during June–September (JJAS) for the period 1979–
2007. The size of red circles denotes the number ofgeneses in each grid point.(b) Distribution of thefrequency of the LPS tracks for the active peak.

Reference:
Hatsuzuka, D, T. Yasunari and H. Fujinami, 2014: Characteristics of low pressure systems associatedwith intraseasonal oscillation of rainfall over Bangladesh during boreal summer, Mon. Wea. Rev., 142,4758-4774, DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00307.1.
14

Laboratory of Satellite Biological Oceanography
Influence of mesoscale eddies on spring phytoplankton bloom in the Japan Sea
Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous features of the ocean, and play important roles in the variability ofphysical, chemical, and biological properties of the sea. There are many mechanisms by which mesoscaleeddies influence the variability of phytoplankton; for example, vertical fluxes of nutrients throughisopycnal displacement during eddy intensification, eddy decay, advection of coastal waters trapped in
the eddies and transported away from the formation areas, and on the light availability throughmodulation of mixed layer depth.
The Japan Sea, a temperate sea with large seasonal phytoplankton variability, is known to be an
eddy-rich area. Although the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton blooms in the Japan Sea is well
documented by studies using ocean colour satellite data, little is known about the influence of mesoscaleeddies on spring phytoplankton bloom. Therefore, the present study, based on satellite data, aimed atunderstanding the influence of mesoscale eddies on spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton in
Japan Sea. More specifically, the timing and magnitude of spring bloom inside and outside of
anticyclonic eddies was investigated during spring of 2003 and 2004.
Sea level anomaly (SLA) data was used to obtain the information of mesoscale eddy field and to
define the centre (C), outer ring (R), and outside (O) of an eddy. The temporal variation of chlorophyll aconcentration (CHL) in the C, R, and O of eddies during spring was investigated using Gaussian function.
Sea surface temperature (SST) temporal variation during spring time was also investigated. Moreover, insitu data was used to estimate the mixed layer depth in the vicinity of eddies based on a density threshold∆σθ threshold calculated from a fixed temperature threshold (∆T = 0.2 ºC).
In 2003, two anticyclonic eddies were identified around the Yamato Basin (Y03, 134º E, 38 ºN) in
the west coast of Japan and Ulleung Basin (U03, 131 ºE, 38.3 ºN) in the east coast of Korean peninsula
during spring. In 2004, three anticyclonic eddies were identified, around Yamato Basin (Y04, 135.5 ºE,
37 ºN), Ulleung Basin (U04, 131 ºE, 38 ºN), and off Peter the Great Bay (B04, 131 ºE, 41 ºN) throughout
the spring. Sea surface temperature (SST) was relatively higher in the centres during winter(January-February), the difference decreased with warming, and the outside became warmer than thecentres in summer. Large SST difference between the centre and the outside was observed in B04 thatmoved from near Ulleung Basin to a colder region around 41ºN in January.
High CHL (> 0.5 mg m–3) appeared first in the outside in early March, then in the outer rings in mid
and late March, and finally in the centres in late March and April (Fig. 1). The initiation of spring bloom
was later in the centre of eddies than in the outside except in B04. In situ data showed deeper mixed layer
in the centres than in the outside of eddies. CHL started to increase from outside, in the regions ofshallower mixed layer, suggesting that late spring bloom initiation was caused by the deeper mixed layer
in the centres through influence on light availability. However, the earlier initiation of spring bloom inthe centre of B04 suggested the northward movement of this eddy set early stratification. The magnitudesof CHL peaks were similar between the centre and the outside of Y03, Y04, and U03, while in B04 andU04 the peaks were much higher than the outside and the centres of all other eddies. The large peaks inthe centres of B04 and U04 were suggested to be associated with entrainment of coastal water that ishigh nutrients levels. CHL peak in Y04 was lower than the centres of other eddies because it was
influenced by the Tsushima Current.
15

CHL [mg m–3]

These results indicated that the spatial and temporal variability of spring bloom is largely influenced
by the presence of mesoscale eddies in the Japan Sea. In general, the centre of anticyclonic eddies
seemed to support high phytoplankton blooms comparable to the outside waters in spring. The timing of
the spring bloom was generally later in the centres than outside of eddies due to deeper mixed layer
depth within them. However, large variability of spring bloom magnitude and timing associated witheddies might be influenced by Tsushima Current and other physical processes related to the eddy activity.
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Fig1： Time series of weekly (7-day) composites of satellite derived chlorophyll a concentration (CHL) in the centre(C), outer ring (R) and outside (O) of the eddies. The letters (Y, U and B) and numbers (03 and 04) indicate eddies in
Yamato Basin (YB), Ulleung Basin (UB) and Peter the Great Bay (PGB) and 2003 and 2004, respectively. Dashedlines indicate the standard deviation for each times series.

Phytoplankton Distribution in Tsushima Strait and the East China Sea during Summer in 2011
and 2012 derived by Pigments Analysis
Phytoplankton as a major primary production in marine ecosystem can respond fast to the variationsof physical and chemical properties in both coastal and open ocean waters. The East China Sea (ECS) isstrongly influenced by the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) in the eastern side and Kuroshio water(KW) in the west. Water in Tsushima Strait is originated from the ECS water and a branch of Kuroshio.
Influenced by the different water masses, phytoplankton compositions should be highly variable in these
two areas. Few studies have investigated phytoplankton in these areas, and information on spatial
variations of phytoplankton compositions is still limited. In this study, different water masses wererecognized by temperature, salinity and nutrient distributions. Phytoplankton pigment samples at surface
and subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) were collected during Nagasaki-maru cruises in summer
season, and they were measured by High Performance Liquid Chlomatogaphy (HPLC). Chlorophyll aconcentration (Chl a) of each sample was proportioned into nine phytoplankton groups based on pigment
analysis using CHEMTAX program.
16

Spatial variations on phytoplankton communities during summer from west of Kyushu to southwestof Jeju Island in 2011 and to the Tsushima Strait (TS) in 2012 were compared (Fig. 2). In 2011, KW wasobserved at the west of Kyushu and low salinity water of CDW was identified in the western ECS. In
2012, high temperature and high salinity KW was observed at the west of Kyushu, and temperature waslower and salinity was also slightly lower in the TS; however CDW was not observed. N:P ratios in 2012were lower than the Redfield ratio (<16) in most areas; whereas abnormal N:P ratios (>100) was
observed in the CDW region in 2011 reflected the oversupply of nutrients, especially nitrogen from
Changjiang discharge. Chl a was low (~0.25 m m-3) in Kuroshio water, higher in TS, and very high (>2mg m-3) in CDW.
Phytoplankton composition was also different in KW, TS and CDW. Phytoplankton was mainlycomposed by prymnesiophytes and cyanobacteria in the KW and prochlorophyte at the west of Kyushu
were influence of KW was high. Diatom was high in the coastal region of Japan in TS. Diatom andcryptophyte were high in CDW region. As a result of vertical stratification in summer, nutrients weredepleted at surface layers except CDW region. SCM was observed at all stations except KW. Patchy
distribution of different groups in SCM was found in CDW; whereas the SCM phytoplankton was similar
to surface water in TS.
In conclusion, significant differences of phytoplankton community distribution in the ECS and TS
were shown, and the distribution patterns were highly related to the different water masses. High N:P
ratio in the western ECS indicating over loading of nitrogen from Changjiang River may be one of thecauses in large difference of phytoplankton compositions between ECS and TS.

-3

Fig2： Surface distributions of Chl. a concentration (mg m ) and major phytoplankton groups in 2011 (a) and 2012 (b).
Phytoplankton groups less than 10% of Chl. a are not shown. Black dots are sampling stations.

17

Laboratory of Bio-Physical Oceanography
Observation of the Tsushima Warm Current using Long Range Ocean Radar
The Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) flows into the Japan Sea through the Tsushima Straits (TS),and it is suggested that the TWC separates a few branches after through the TS. However it is difficult tofigure out paths of the TWC from observed data because spatial variation in the TWC is large and tidal
currents are dominate in the area where the TWC might separate. In addition, since EEZ between Japanto Korea exists around separation area of the TWC, we cannot conduct systematic observation there.
Therefore, we have planned observation of the variation in the TWC paths using Long Range Ocean
Radar (LROR) which observes sea surface currents with high spatial-temporal resolution. Transmitting
frequency of the LROR is 9.2 MHz, and we can observe radial current velocity in the area of 200 km
from a radar site every 30 minutes. We deployed the LROR at 2 station, Tsushima and Aishima Islands,
to obtain current vectors. LROR observation is carried out from June 11 to September 8 in 2014, andhydrographic and mooring observations were conducted in June and July in 2014 for validation of the
LROR.
Figure 1 denotes a mean current during the LROR observation period. Observed area of the LROR
covers 1st and 2nd branch of the TWC which flow along 100 m isobaths and shelf break, respectively.
However we cannot recognize both branches in Fig. 1 because wind-driven and tidal currents have notbeen removed the LROR data yet. Figure 2 shows comparison between current velocities 10-m below
sea surface observed by moored ADCP and radial velocities of the LROR in Tsushima. Correlation
coefficient and RMS at St. TRBM1 that is located head on Tsushima radar are 0.59 and 16.7 cm/s,
respectively. On the other hand, correlation coefficient and RMS at St. CROM1 that is located side of
Tsushima radar are smaller and lager than those at St. TRBM1, respectively. It is concluded that the
LROR has an enough accuracy around head of the radar but the accuracy is decreased side area of theradar. This is because there might be any problems data processing of the LROR, spatially digital beam
forming. We will develop a new data processing system based on antenna pattern and current velocity
data.

Fig.１：Mean sea surface current
from June 11 to September 8.

Fig.2： comparison between current velocities 10-m below sea
surface observed by moored ADCP and radial velocities of the
LROR in Tsushima.

18

Endowed Research Division
Stakeholder Management Research Laboratory
In the years since the Great East Japan Earthquake, we have seen a greater push to expand the use ofrenewable energy sources in Japan, with a particular focus on abundant offshore wind resources. Setting
up offshore facilities requires the approval of those working in the fishing industry. However, it isdifficult to reach consensus with fishermen, because the impact that constructing offshore wind farms has
on fisheries includes uncertainty. Not only is cooperation from the fishing industry absolutely essential to
the success of these projects, the rapidly expanding scale of offshore wind farm initiatives means thatproject involvement now goes beyond fishermen to include port and harbor facility stakeholders,regional tourism associations, and a wide variety of other players. Region-wide cooperation is needed tomove forward. In coastal areas, there are regional issues such as population decline and the aging of local
fishermen. The revitalization of fishing communities is an important issue to sustain regional
communities. Under these circumstances, this study aims to promote and suggest offshore wind projects
as not only the purposes of supplying power but also means of resolving issues among regional andfishing communities.
In this study, we participated in the early stages of domestic offshore wind projects and primarily
conducted fieldwork involving consensus building among regional stakeholders. In 2014, we supported
the creation of a promotion committee and study groups composed of local stakeholders for an offshore
wind project, as well as conducted classes at elementary schools regarding the offshore wind projects andlectures for local residents. In relation to selecting wind developers from the public for the offshore windprojects off the coast of Iwafune in Murakami city, Niigata Prefecture, we provided advice regarding theestablishment of a business evaluation committee and the evaluation methods to be used. Additionally, inregards to the creation of regional benefits, we investigated initiatives in regional revitalization andbenefit restoration methods used in Europe, as well as discussed the implementation of community funds
in Japan with local stakeholders. To enable the implementation of these methods in the future, we plan oncontinuing these discussions with both local stakeholders and wind developers.
In Research and Development of Wind and Renewable Energy Technology - Research andDevelopment of Offshore Wind Power Technology - Basic Research For Local Co-Existence with
Offshore Wind Farms (FY2013-2014 ), a NEDO funded research program, we conducted hearing
surveys to fishermen, local governments, and port and harbor facility stakeholders. As methods foroffshore wind farms to co-exist with local communities, business cooperation with fishermen in terms ofocean surveys and maintenance and inspection works as well as conservation of fishery resources using
offshore wind farms were derived and reported in the final report.
The study results were presented in Grand Renewable Energy 2014 (GRE2014) international
conference and Journal of Wind Energy, the academic journal of Japan Wind Energy Association. In
addition, we spoke on rules for marine utilization such as fishing rights and science communication
under uncertainty in the stakeholder management workshop in Svolvaer, Norway, Norway-Japan Marine
Seminar 2014, Norway-Japan round table meeting on communicating science hosted by the NorwegianEmbassy.
In terms of university educational initiatives, we ran Environmental Innovation as part of the
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Program managed by the five graduate schools ofenvironmental studies. Visiting researchers and others in our endowed research division offered lectureson energy-centered initiatives in the private sector.
19

Fig. 1： Procedure of consensus building for full scale offshore wind farms in general sea areas

Fig.2： Presentation for local residents

Fig. 3： Workshop at a local elementary school

20

List of Publications*:Staffs, students and research fellows in the HyARC.
April, 2014～March, 2015№

Author

Title

JournalFedorov, A. N., P. P.
Estimating the water balance Ecohydrology
Gavriliev, P. Y.
of a thermokarst lake in the
1 Konstantinov, T.
middle of the Lena River
Hiyama, Y. Iijima and basin, eastern Siberia.
G. Iwahana
Komatsu, T., S.
Unusual distribution of floating Journal of Applied
Mizuno, A. Natheer, A. seaweeds in the East China
Phycology
Kantachumpoo, K.
Sea in the early spring of 2012.
Tanaka, A. Morimoto,
2 ST. Hsiao, EA.
Rothausler, H.
Shishidou, M. Aoki, T.
Ajisaka
Terauchi, G., R.
Tsujimoto, J. Ishizaka,
3 H. Nakata

Preliminary assessment ofeutrophication by remotelysensed chlorophyll-a inToyama Bay, the Sea ofJapan.
Influence of the ChangjiangRiver on the light absorption
properties of phytoplankton
from the East China Sea.

Wang, S. Q.,
J. Ishizaka,
H. Yamaguchi, S. C.
Tripathy, M. Hayashi,
4
Y. J. Xu, Y. Mino,T. Matsuno,
Y. Watanabe and
S. J. Yoo
Fujiki, T., K.
Seasonal cycle ofMatsumoto, Y. Mino, phytoplankton community
K. Sasaoka, M.
structure and5 Wakita, H.
photophysiological state in
Kawakami, MC.
the western subarctic gyre of
Honda, S. Watanabe, the North Pacific.
T. Saino
Kanada, S., H. Tsuguti, Diurnal Variation of
T. Kato, F. FujibePrecipitation around Western
6
Japan during the Warm
Season.
Chen, J., T. Cui,
J. Ishizaka, C. Lin
7

Katayama, A.,
T. Kume, H. Komatsu,
M. Ohashi,
8K. Matsumoto, R.
Ichihashi, T. Kumagaiand K. Otsuki

A neural network model for
remote sensing of diffuse
attenuation coefficient inglobal oceanic and coastal
waｔers: Exemplifying theapplicability of the model tothe coastal regions in Eastern
China Seas.
Vertical variations in wood
CO2 efflux for live emergent
trees in a Bornean tropicalrainforest.

Volume

Page
doi

Date

7

188-196doi:
0.1002/eco.
1378

2014/4/1

26(2)1169-1179
doi:
10.1007/s10
811-0130152-y

2014/4/1

Journal of
Oceanography70(2)2014/4/1

Biogeosciences11(7)175-184doi:
10.1007/s10872-0140222-z
1759-1773
doi:10.5194/bg-111759-2014

Limnology andOceanography59(3)887-900doi:
10.4319/lo.2
014.59.3.088
7

2014/5/1

SOLA

10

72-77
doi:
10.2151/sol
a.2014-015

2014/5/14

Remote Sensing ofEnvironment

148

168-117
doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.0
2.019

2014/5/25

Tree Physiology

34(5)503-512doi:
10.1093/tre
ephys/tpu041

2014/5/29

21

2014/4/3

№

Author

Title

JournalVolume

Page
doi

Date

Hiyama, T., T. Suzuki,
M. Hanamura, H.
Mizuochi, J. R.
9
Kambatuku, J. N.
Niipele, Y. Fujioka, T.
Ohta and M. Iijima

Evaluation of surface water IAHS Publication
dynamics for water-foodsecurity in seasonal wetlands,
north-central Namibia.

364

380-385

2014/6/1

Fedorov, A.N., R.N.
Ivanova, H. Park, T.
10 Hiyama and Y. Iijima

Recent air temperaturechanges in the permafrost
landscapes of northeastern
Eurasia.

8

2014/6/1

Kubota Y., T. Hirao,
S. Fujii, T. Shiono,
11 B. Kusumoto

Beta diversity of woody plants Journal ofin the Japanese ar-chipelago: Biogeography
the roles of geohis-torical andeco-logical processes.

41(7)114-128doi:
10.1016/j.p
olar.2014.02.001
1267–1276
doi:
10.1111/jbi.
12290

Mei, K., LL. Liao, YL.
Zhu, P. Lu, ZF Wang,
12 RA. Dahlgren, MH.
Zhang

Evaluation of spatialEnvironmental
temporal variations andScience andtrends in surface water quality Pollution Researchacross a rural-suburban-urban
interface.

21(13)

8036-8051
doi:
10.1007/s11
356-0142716-z

2014/7/1

Miyazawa, Y., M.
Tateishi, H. Komatsu,
V. Ma, T. Kajisa, H.
13
Sokh, N. Mizoue andT. Kumagai

Tropical tree water use under Journal ofseasonal waterlogging andHydrology
drought in central Cambodia.

515

81-89
doi:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.0
4.049

2014/7/16

Kawai, Y., H. Tomita, Atmospheric pressure response Journal of
MF. Cronin, F.
to mesoscale sea surface
GeophysicalMeghan,F.
NA.
Bondtemperature
variations
intheResearch14
Kuroshio Extension region: In
Atmospheres
situ evidence.

119(13) 2013JD0211
26
doi:
10.1002/201
3JD021126

2014/7/16

Mori, N., M. Kato, S.
Kim, H. Mase, Y.
15 Shibutani, T. Takemi,
K. Tsuboki, T. Yasuda

41(14)

5106-5113
doi:
10.1002/201
4GL060689

2014/7/28

A Contrast in Precipitation
Journal of Climate
Characteristics across the Bain
Front near Japan. Part I: TRMM
PR Observation.

27(15)

5872-5890
doi:
10.1175/JCL
I-D-1300350.1

2014/8/1

Changing climate and thealtitudinal range of avian
malaria in the Hawaiian
Islands - an ongoingconservation crisis on theisland of Kaua'I.

Global Change
Biology20(8)2426-2436

2014/8/1

International
Journal of Remote
Sensing35(14)

2014/8/8

Hydrological
Provesses

28(17)

5394-5410
特別号
doi:
10.1080/014
31161.2014.
9264154780-4794
doi:
10.1002/hyp.9970

Yokoyama, C., YN.
Takayabu, S. Kanada
16

Atkinson, CT., RB.
Utzurrum, DA.
Lapointe, RJ. Camp,
17 LH. Crampton, JT.
Foster, TW.
Giambelluca

18

Polar Science

Local amplification of storm
surge by Super Typhoon
Haiyan in Leyte Gulf.

GeophysicalResearch Letters

Okuro, A., M. Kubota, Inter-comparison of various
H. Tomita, T. Hihara
global sea surface
temperature products.

Suzuki, T., T. Ohta, T.
Hiyama, Y. Izumi, O.
19
Mwandemele, M.
IijimaEffects of the introduction ofrice on evapotranspiration inseasonal wetlands.

22

2014/7/1

2014/8/15

№

Author

Title

JournalMizuochi, H., T.
Evaluation of the Surface
Hiyama, T. Ohta, K. N. Water Distribution in North20
Nasahara
Central Namibia Based on
MODIS and AMSR Series.

Page
doi

Date

6

7660-7682
doi:
10.3390/rs60
87660

2014/8/19

Gao, L., D. Li,
J. Ishizaka

Stable isotope ratios of
Journal ofcarbon andGeophysicalnitrogen in suspended organic Researchmatter: Seasonal and spatial Biogeosciences
dynamics along
the Changjiang (Yangtze
River) transport pathway.

119(8)

1717-1737
doi:10.1002/2013JG002
487

2014/8/29

Minda, H., T. Makino,
N. Tsuda

Performance of a New LowCost Laser Disdrometer withRainfall Intensity Correction in
Heavy Rainfall.

9(5)542-547doi:
10.1002/tee.22003

2014/9/1

195

123–131doi:
agrformet.
2014.05.005

2014/9/15

21

22

Remote Sensing

VolumeIEEJ Transactions
on Electrical andElectronic
Engineering

Nakai, T., H. Iwata, Y. An inter-comparison between Agricultural andHarazono, M. Ueyama Gill and Campbell sonicForest Meteorology
23
anemometers.
Kanemaru, K. and H.
Masunaga

The Potential roles of
Journal of Climate
background surface wind in
the SST variability associatedwith intraseasonal oscillations.

27(18)

7053-7068
doi:
10.1175/JCL
I-D-1300774.1

2014/9/15

Masunaga, H. and T.
L'Ecuyer

A Mechanism of Tropical
Convection Inferred from
Observed Variability in the
Moist Static Energy Budget.

71(10)

3747-3766doi:
10.1175/JAS-D-14-0015.1

2014/10/1

Sukigara, C., T. Suga,
K. Toyama, E. Oka70（5)435-445doi
10.1007/s10872-0140244-6

2014/10/1

26

Biogeochemical responses
Journal of
associated with the passage Oceanographyof a cyclonic eddy based on
shipboard observations in thewestern North Pacific.

Oue, M., K. Inagaki, T.
Shinoda, T. Ohigashi,
27 T. Kouketsu, M. Kato,
K. Tsuboki and H.
Uyeda

Polarimetric Doppler Radar
Journal of theAnalysis of Organization of a Meteorological
Stationary Rainband withSociety of Japan
Changing Orientations in July
2010.

92(5)

457-481
doi:10.2151/jmsj.2014503

2014/10/1

Jang, SM., DI. Lee, JH.
Jeong, SH. Park, S.
28 Shimizu, H. Uyeda, YS.
SuhRadar reflectivity and wind
Meteorologicalfields analysis by using two X- Applications
band Doppler radars at
Okinawa, Japan from 11 to 12
June 2007.
Rainfall estimation by S-band Meteorologicalpolarimetric radar in Korea.
Applications
Part I: preprocessing andpreliminary results.

21(4)898-909doi:
10.1002/me
t.1427

2014/10/1

21(4)975-983
doi:
10.1002/me
t.1454

2014/10/1

43(7-8) 2147-2166
doi:
10.1007/s00
382-0132040-1

2014/10/1

24

25

29

You, CH., MY. Kang,
DI. Lee, H. Uyeda

Journal of the
Atmospheric
Sciences

Fujinami, H., T.
Dynamics of distinct
Climate Dynamics
Yasunari, A. Morimoto intraseasonal oscillation insummer monsoon rainfall over
the Meghalaya-Bangladesh30
western Myanmar region:
covariability between thetropics and mid-latitudes.

23

№

AuthorUeyama, M., K. Ichii,
H. Iwata, E.S.
Euskirchen, D. Zona,
31
A. V. Rocha, Y.
Harazono, C. Iwama,
T. Nakai, W. C.
OechelY. Miyazawa, M.

Title

JournalVolume

Page
doi

Date

Change in surface energybalance in Alaska due to fireand spring warming, based
on upscaling eddy
covariance measurements.

Journal ofGeophysicalResearch:
Biogeosciences119

1947–1969doi:
10.1002/201
4JG002717

2014/10/9

Implications of leaf-scale
physiology for whole treetranspiration under seasonal
flooding and drought incentral Cambodia.

Agricultural andForest Meteorology

198221-231doi:
10.1016/j.agrformet.20
14.08.013

2014/11/1

Fujiki, T., H. Takagi, K. Assessment of algal
Kimoto, A. Kurasawa, photosynthesis in planktic
33
T. Yuasa, Y. Mino
foraminifers by fast repetition
rate fluorometry.

Journal of Plankton
Research36(6)1403-1407
doi:
10.1093/pla
nkt/fbu083

2014/11/1

43(9-10) 2651-2662
doi:
10.1007/s00
382-0142077-9
58(9) 2025-2029
doi:
10.1007/s00
484-0130784-2

2014/11/1

Tateishi, H. Komatsu,
32 F. Iwanaga, N.
Mizoue, V. Ma, H.
Sokh and T. Kumagai

Akter, N., K. Tsuboki
34

Role of synoptic-scale forcing Climate Dynamics
in cyclogenesis over the Bay of
Bengal.

Yoshifuji, N., Y.
Inter-annual variation in the
Igarashi, N. Tanaka,
response of leaf-out onset tosoil moisture increase in a
35 K. Tanaka, T. Sato,
C. Tantasirin, M. Suzuki teak plantation in northern
Thailand.

International
Journal of
Biometeorology

Tanaka, N., D. Levia, Throughfall under a teakY. Igarashi, K. Nanko, plantation in Thailand: aN. Yoshifuji, K. Tanaka, multifactorial analysis on the36
C. Tantasirin, M. Suzuki effects of canopy phenology
and T. Kumagai
and meteorologicalconditions.
Nakai, T., G.G. Katul, Radiative and precipitation
A. Kotani, Y. Igarashi, controls on root zone soil
37 T. Ohta, M. Suzuki and moisture spectra.
T. KumagaiInternational
Journal of
Biometeorology

online doi:first
10.1007/s00
484-0140926-1

2014/11/14

GeophysicalResearch Letters

41(21)

7546-7554
doi:
10.1002/201
4GL061745

2014/11/16

Kusumoto, B.,
T. Shiono, M. Miyoshi,
38 R. Maeshiro, S. Fujii,
T. Kuuluvainen,
Y. Kubota

Functional re-sponse of plantcommunities to clearcutting:management im-pacts differ
be-tween forest veg-etation
zones.

Journal of Applied
Ecology52(1)171-180doi:
10.1111/136
52664.12367

2014/11/18

Ziegler, AD., SG.
Benner, C. Tantasirin,
SH. Wood, RA.
Sutherland, RC. Sidle,
39 N. Jachowski, MA.
Nullet, LX. Xi, A.
Snidvongs, TW.
Giambelluca, JM. Fox

Turbidity-based sediment
Journal ofmonitoring in northernhydrology
Thailand: Hysteresis, variability,
and uncertainty.

519

2020-2039
doi:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.0
9.010

2014/11/27

Hatsuzuka, D.,
T. Yasunari and40 H. Fujinami

Characteristics of Low
Pressure Systems Associatedwith Intraseasonal Oscillationof Rainfall over Bangladesh
during Boreal Summer.

142

4758-4774
doi:
10.1175/M
WR-D-1300307

2014/12/12

Monthly Weather
Review24

2014/11/1

№

AuthorMasunaga, H.

Title

GeophysicalResearch Letters

Volume

Page
doi

Date

41(23)

8611-8618
doi:
10.1002/201
4GL062301

2014/12/16

334

301-312doi:
10.1016/j.fo
reco.2014.0
8.041

2014/12/25

61(1)

1-1
doi:
10.1080/003
80768.2015.
995754

2015/1/2

43

Preface to the special section Soil Science and"Soil and plant aspects in the Plant Nutrition
Integrated Land EcosystemAtmosphere Processes Study(iLEAPS)".

Tsuboki, K., MK,
Yoshioka, T. Shinoda,
44 M. Kato, S. Kanada,
A. KitoFuture increase of
supertyphoon intensity
associated with climatechange.

GeophysicalResearch Letters42(2)646-652doi:
10.1002/201
4GL061793

2015/1/28

Ishizu, M. C. Sukigara, Estimating the nitrate
Journal ofT. Suga, K. J. Richards concentration from the
Oceanography
dissolved oxygen
concentration and seawater45
temperature in the Kuroshio
extension, Oyashio, and mixed
water regions.

71(10)

19-26
doi
10.1007/s10872-0140257-1

2015/2/1

Role of tropical cyclones
Journal of Climate
along the monsoon trough inthe 2011 Thai flood andinterannual variability.

28

2015/2/1

Early Evaluation of Ku- andScientific Online
Ka-Band Sensitivities for the
Letters on the
Global Precipitation
Atmosphere
47
Measurement (GPM) DualFrequency Precipitation Radar(DPR).
Sakai, T., S. Hatta, M. Use of Landsat TM/ETM+ toInternational
Okumura, T. Hiyama, monitor the spatial andJournal of Remote
Sensing
48 Y. Yamaguchi and G. temporal extent of spring
Inoue
breakup floods in the Lena
River, Siberia.

111465-1476
doi:
10.1175/JCL
I-D-1400147.1
14-17
doi
10.2151/sol
a. 2015-004

36

719-733
doi:
10.1080/014
31161.2014.
995271

2015/2/5

Shimizu, T., T.
Kumagai, M.
Kobayashi, K. Tamai,
S. Iida, N. Kabeya, R.
49
Ikawa, M. Tateishi, Y.
Miyazawa and A.
Shimizu

522

250-264

2015/3/1

41

Free-tropospheric moisture
convergence and tropicalconvective regimes.

JournalKomatsu, H.,
A model relating transpiration Forest Ecology and
Y. Shinohara,
for Japanese cedar andManagement
T. Kumagai, T. Kume, cypress plantations with stand
K. Tsuruta, Y. Xiang,
structure.
R. Ichihashi, M.
42 Tateishi, T. Shimizu,
Y. Miyazawa, M.
Nogata, S. Laplace, T.
Han, C.-W. Chiu, A.
Ogura, T. Saito andK. Otsuki
Hiyama, T., N.
Saigusa, K. Yagi

Takahashi, G. H., H.
Fujinami, T. Yasunari,
46 J. Matsumoto and S.
Baimoung
Toyoshima, K., H.
Masunaga and F. A.
Furuzawa

Estimation of annual forest
Journal of
evapotranspiration from a
Hydrology
coniferous plantationwatershed in Japan (2):Comparison of eddy
covariance, water budget
and sap-flow plus interception
loss.

25

2015/2/5

№

Author

Title

JournalKim, W., A. Miyata, A. FluxPro as a realtime
Ashraf, A. Maruyama, monitoring and surveilling
A. Chidthaisong, C.
system for eddy covarianceJaikaeo, D. Komori, E. flux measurement.
Ikoma, G. Sakurai, H.
Seoh, I. Son, J. Cho, J.
Kim, K. Ono, K. Nusit,
K. Moon, M. Mano, M.
Yokozawa, M. A.
Baten, M. Sanwangsri,
50 M. Toda, N. Chaun, P.
Polsan, S. Yonemura,
S. Kim, S. Miyazaki, S.
Kanae, S. Phonkasi, S.
Kammales, T.
Takimoto, T. Nakai, T.
Iizumi, V. Surapipith,
W. Sonklin, Y. Lee, Y.
Inoue, Y. Kim, T. Oki

Journal of
Agricultural
Meteorology

Saito, T., K.
Using airborne LiDAR to
Yamamoto, M.
determine total sapwood
Komatsu, H. Matsuda, area for estimating standS. Yunohara, H.
transpiration in plantations.
51 Komatsu, M. Tateishi,
Y. Xiang, K. Otsuki, T.
KumagaiHydrological
Processes

Igarashi, Y., T.
Environmental control ofKumagai, N. Yoshifuji, canopy stomatal
52 T. Sato, N. Tanaka, K. conductance in a tropical
Tanaka, M. Suzuki and deciduous forest in northern
C. Tantasirin
Thailand.

Agricultural andForest Meteorology

26

Volume
71

Page
doi

Date

32–50
doi:
10.2480/agr
met.D-1400034

2015/3/10

Accepte doi:d
10.1002/hyp
Manuscr .10482
ipt

2015/3/11

202

1-10
doi:
10.1016/j.agrformet.20
14.11.013

2015/3/15

Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center (HyARC)
Nagoya University
Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan

Office:Telephone: +81-52-789-3466
Facsimile: +81-52-788-6206
Home Page: http://www.hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp

The 2014 Annual Report was published September
2015 by the Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center(HyARC) Nagoya University.