CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I107-2012

Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
- Capacity building for measurability, reportability and verifiability 10-12 July 2012, Hanoi, Vietnam

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
- Capacity building for measurability, reportability and verifiability -Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp

Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
http://www.cger.nies.go.jp

Copyright 2012:

NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information retrieval system, without
permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does not own the copyrights to the presentation materials
contained in this publication.
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This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A), in accordance with
the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services by the State and Other
Entities.

Contents
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................i
Preface .................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................. iii
Photos of the Workshop ......................................................................................................... v
1. Executive Summary of WGIA10 ....................................................................................... 1
2. Introductory Notes of WGIA10 .......................................................................................... 5
2.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Major Themes .............................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 Mutual Learning for limited participants .......................................................... 5
2.2.2 Opening Session ................................................................................................ 6
2.2.3 Session I: NC updating and discussion on WGIA activity ................................ 6
2.2.4 Session II-1: Hands-on Training using the new IPCC Inventory Software ........ 6
2.2.5 Session II-2: Discussions on AFOLU ................................................................. 6
2.2.6 Session III: Presentations by donors and international organizations................. 6
2.3 Wrap-up Session .......................................................................................................... 7
3. Workshop Report ............................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Mutual Learning ............................................................................................................ 9
3.1.1 Agriculture .................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.2 Waste ............................................................................................................................ 14
3.1.3 Energy ........................................................................................................................... 20
3.1.4 Industrial Processes ....................................................................................................... 22

3.2 Opening Session ........................................................................................................ 25
3.3 Session I: NC updating and discussion on WGIA activity ........................................ 26
3.4 Session II-1: Hands-on Training using the new IPCC Inventory Software .............. 28
3.5 Session II-2: Discussions on AFOLU ....................................................................... 31
3.6 Session III: Presentations by donors and international organizations ....................... 34
4. Abstracts ............................................................................................................................ 37
4.1 Opening Session ........................................................................................................ 37
4.2 Session I ...................................................................................................................... 41
4.3 Session II ................................................................................................................... 47
4.4 Session III.................................................................................................................... 56
Annex I: Agenda ..................................................................................................................... 61
Annex II: List of Participants ................................................................................................. 65

Foreword
The 4th Assessment Report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) in 2007 stated that the human-induced climate change is taking place in reality and theincrease in anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere is “verylikely” the cause. Since then, all of us on the globe have been making more efforts than everto address this issue in both scientific and political fields. At the 16th Conference of the Parties(COP 16) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),
the Cancun Agreements created a foundation to go forward by taking into account the “below
two degrees Celsius”, and by formally anchoring targets of Annex I Parties and actions of
Non-Annex I Parties in the Copenhagen Accord. In the Cancun Agreements, the submissionof Biennial Update Reports (BUR) including the updated GHG inventory and information on
mitigation actions by all Parties was also decided. At the COP17 (Durban), it was agreed thatthe first BUR should be submitted by December 2014 and also that National Communication(NC) should be submitted once every four years.
The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the “Workshop
on GHG Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with the support of the
Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office ofJapan (GIO), affiliated with the Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), NIES,
has functioned as the Secretariat for this workshop since its first session. This workshop
supports government officials, compilers, and researchers to develop and improve their GHG
inventories through enhancing regional information exchange.
The CGER has been engaged in global environmental issues including climate change since
its foundation in 1990. CGER conducts environmental monitoring, maintains global
environment databases, and acts as a focal point for a number of international and domestic
innovative environmental research projects. Moreover, CGER publishes reports on its
research findings and activities regularly.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 10th WGIA, which was held on July 10-12,
2012, in Hanoi, Vietnam. We hope that this report will be useful for all those who work in thefield of GHG inventory as well as climate change and will contribute to the further progressof inventory development in Asia.

Yasuhiro Sasano
Director
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental Studiesi─i─Preface
As awareness in regards to global warming is increasing, the GHG inventories are being more
and more accepted as being valuable, since the inventories support implementing the national
mitigation actions in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner. Furthermore, frequent
reporting as stated in the Cancun and Durban Agreements (i.e., biennial reports) also
encourages all Parties to consider improving the inventory quality and developing appropriate
institutional arrangements and inventory processes.
Since its first session in 2003, WGIA has been held ten times so far in order to support the
WGIA-member countries in developing and improving their national GHG inventories
through enhancing the regional information exchange by strengthening the experts’ network
in Asia.
This time, the 10th WGIA (WGIA10) was held from 10 to 12 July, 2012 in Hanoi, Vietnam asa capacity building workshop for Measurability, Reportability and Verifiability (MRV). The
items set out for this workshop by taking into consideration the current situation of themember countries were all essential for the improvement of their inventories.
The outcomes of the WGIA10 are summarized in the present Proceedings. It is our hope that
this report will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the GHG
inventories in the WGIA-member countries.
In conclusion, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to the members of the local
host organization, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam, for their
excellent support and kind hospitality in hosting the WGIA10. We would also like to thank all
the attendees for their participation and active contribution to the success of the workshop.

Yukihiro Nojiri

Shinsuke Oda

ManagerGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Officer
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office
Global Environment Bureau
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

─ ii ─

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AD
AFOLU
AIM
ALU
BR
BUR
CDM
CGE
CGER
CH4
CO2
COP
CS-EF
DCCEE
DMHCC
DNDC ModelEF
EFDB
F gases
FOD
GEF
GHG
GIO
GIS
GPG
GPG-LULUCF
HFCs
IGES
INC
IPCC
IPCC-EFDBIPCC TFI-TSU
IPPU
JICA
KP
LDC
LEAD Program
LUCF
LULUCF

Activity Data
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Asia-Pacific Integrated Model
Agricultural Land Use
Biennial Reports
Biennial Update Reports
Clean Development Mechanism
Consultative Group of Experts
Center for Global Environmental Research
MethaneCarbon dioxide
Conference of the Parties
Country-Specific Emission Factor
Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency,
Australia
Department of Meteorology Hydrology and Climate Change,
Vietnam
DeNitrification-DeComposition Model
Emission Factor
Emission Factor Database
Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons, and Sulphur
hexafluoride
First Order Decay
Global Environmental Facility
Greenhouse Gas
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Geographic Information System
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change
and Forestry
Hydrofluorocarbons
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Initial National Communication
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC Emission Factor Database
IPCC, Task Force on National GHG Inventories, TechnicalSupport Unit
Industrial Processes and Product Use
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Kyoto Protocol
Least Developed Countries
USAID Low Emissions Asian Development Program
Land Use Change and Forestry
Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestryiii
─ iii ─

MOEJ
MONRE
MURC
MRV
MSW
NAI
NAMA
NC
N2O
NIES
MCF
PFCs
QA
QC
REDD
Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines
RoK
RS
SBI
SBSTA
SEA GHG Project
SF6
SIDS
SNC
SPM
SUR
SWDS
SWGA
TNC
TOR
UA
UNFCCC
USAID
USEPA
WGIA
2006 IPCC Guidelines

Ministry of the Environment of Japan
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd., Japan
Measurability, Reportability, and Verifiability
Municipal Solid Waste
Non Annex I
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
National Communication
Nitrous oxide
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Methane Correction Factor
Perfluorocarbons
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest
Degradation in developing countries
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
Republic of Korea
Remote Sensing
Subsidiary Body for Implementation
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
Regional Capacity Building Project for Sustainable National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Systems inSoutheast Asia
Sulphur hexafluoride
Small Island Developing Countries
Second National Communication
Summary for Policymakers
Suuri-Keikaku Co., Ltd.
Solid Waste Disposal Site
Workshop on Improvement of Solid Waste Management andReduction of GHG Emissions in Asia
Third National Communication
Terms of References
Uncertainty Assessment
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United States Agency for International Development
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventoriesⅳ
─ iv ─

Photos of the Workshop
Welcome Address

Welcome Address

Overall Chairperson

Mr. Shinsuke Oda

Mr. Nguyen Khac Hieu

Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri

Main Room for Opening Session, Session I,III and Wrap-up

Tea Break and Lunchv
─v─

Session II-1 (Energy/IPPU)

Session II-1 (Waste)

Session II-2

Mutual Learning on Agriculture

Mutual Learning on Waste

Mutual Learning on Energy

Mutual Learning on Industrial Processes

Closing Remarksⅵ
─ vi ─

1. Executive Summary of WGIA10

Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on
Proceedingsof the 10th inWorkshoponGreenhouse
Gas Inventories
Asia (WGIA10)
Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
in Asia (WGIA10)
CGER-I107-2012,
CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

1. Executive Summary of WGIA10
The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute forEnvironmental Studies (NIES), jointly with the Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment of Vietnam (MONRE), convened the 10th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
Inventories in Asia (WGIA10) on 10-12 July 2012 in Hanoi, Vietnam, as a capacity building
workshop for Measurability, Reportability and Verifiability (MRV). Ever since 2003 theworkshops have aimed at supporting Non Annex I (NAI) Parties in Asia to develop andimprove their GHG inventories. The 10th workshop was attended by 130 experts from thirteen
WGIA-member countries (Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea,
Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam), as well as
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the TechnicalSupport Unit of the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC TFI TSU), the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the Regional Capacity Building Project for
Sustainable National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Systems in Southeast Asia
(SEA GHG Project), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Department of
Climate Change and Energy Efficiency of Australia (DCCEE), and Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA). The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) at theCenter for Global Environmental Research (CGER) of NIES functioned as the WGIA10
Secretariat.
The objectives of the workshop were: to have mutual learning, to report on the latest national communications (NCs) submitted to the UNFCCC
Secretariat,
 to discuss decisions by the Conference of the Parties (COP) and future activities of
WGIA,
 to discuss sector-specific issues,
 to have hands-on training using the IPCC Inventory Software, and to discuss the activities of international organizations.
On 10th July, the mutual learning, in-depth methodological discussion between two
countries by means of studying the partner country’s latest inventory in advance, wasconducted for a limited number of participants. A SEA GHG Project meeting for Phase II was
also held as a side event of WGIA10.
In the Opening Session on 11th July, the welcome address was delivered by Mr. Shinsuke
Oda, Officer of the Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, MOEJ, followed by the welcome
address delivered by Mr. Nguyen Khac Hieu, Deputy Director General of the Department ofMeteorology Hydrology and Climate Change (DMHCC) under MONRE. Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri,Manager of GIO under NIES acted as the overall chairperson.
In the morning of 11th July, the latest non-Annex I National Communications and COP
decisions were discussed followed by review and proposal of WGIA-activity (Session I).
In the afternoon of 11th July, a hands-on training using the IPCC Inventory Software(Session II-1) and discussion on Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) (SessionII-2) were held.
In the morning of 12th July, the experiences and plans of JICA, USEPA, USAID, and
DCCEE for inventory capacity building programs in Southeast Asia were shared (Session III).
As the final presenter, NIES presented its achievement relating to emission projection in Asia.
-1─1─﻿1. Executive Summary of WGIA10C CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

After the wrap-up of all sessions, the workshop was closed with closing remarks by Mr.
Nguyen Khac Hieu, Deputy Director General of DMHCC and by Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri,Manager of GIO.
The experts discussed various subjects of interest to Asian countries, including the recent
progress made by member countries, possible future activities in each member country andthe WGIA itself, and sector-specific issues. Through the discussions and lessons, all attendees
reaffirmed the importance of the inventory as a key tool for mitigation actions. Those whojoined the mutual learning and hands-on training found these activities useful and supported
their continuation. All attendees agreed to continue WGIA.
The outcomes of the discussions about each subject are summarized below.
Mutual Learning
Mutual Learning (ML) was conducted in order to improve the individual countries’
inventories through exchanging inventories between two countries to learn from each other.
The target sectors in this workshop were: Energy (Cambodia and Thailand), Industrial
Processes (Indonesia and Japan), Agriculture (Indonesia and Vietnam), and Waste (China andthe Republic of Korea). Before the meeting, 1) worksheets used for estimating emissions andreports describing details of methodologies, 2) comments on good points as well as issues ofthe partner country, and 3) questions and answers were exchanged. In the discussions in themeeting, the participants identified further problems relating to not estimated sources, andrealized the importance of developing a consolidated national system to compile a sustainable
inventory. Also, they recognized clearly the necessity of improving methodology anddocumentation-archive. The participants were encouraged to follow-up the issues pointed out
in the discussions, and all participants of WGIA10 agreed to continue ML in future WGIAs.
Japan’s climate change policy
The decreasing rate of emissions considering forest carbon sinks and the Kyoto
mechanism credit is -10.9% on average (FY 2008-2010). Excluding Industrial Processes andWaste Products, the remaining 94% of CO2 emissions are related to energy consumption.
Household Emissions, including personal vehicles and municipal waste, compriseapproximately 20% of the emissions. The remaining 80% is from the Business and Public
Sectors. Japan’s targets for GHG reduction are “Mid-term target (2020): -25% from 1990”
and “Long-Term Target (2050): -80% from 1990”1. The global warming countermeasures are“Carbon tax”, “Feed-in Tariff for renewable energy”, “Legislations (Top Runner System)”,“Grant for eco-point system“, “Environmental Assessment Law”, “Mandatory reporting andaccounting”, and “Forest Management” etc.
Introduction of Mitigation Options for GHG emissions in Vietnam
Emissions from the Energy, Agriculture and LULUCF Sectors are projected to be 169.2,
300.4, and 515.8 Tg CO2 eq. in 2010, 2020, and 2030, respectively. The Energy Sector
accounts for 91.3% of the projected total emissions for 2030. GHG mitigation options weredeveloped for three main sectors: Energy, Agriculture and LULUCF. The current difficulties
that Vietnam is still struggling with are “Insufficient information and data on long-term
1 Prime Minister Hatoyama’s speech at United Nations General Assembly in Sep. 2009

-2─2─CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

1. Executive Summary of WGIA10

planning”, “Some IPCC emission factor (EF) defaults for energy technologies may not besuitable, but the national EFs have not been well-developed yet”, “Technical capacity in thedevelopment of mitigation options”, “Limited information about know-how techniques”, and“Insufficient investment and technical expertise for transferring and applying modern,environmentally sound technologies”. To improve these negative circumstances, we agreed
about the importance of WGIA to find out various potentials for co-operation and technicalsupport.
Report on the latest NCs (inventories) recently submitted
India and the Republic of Korea reported an overview of their 2nd and 3rd NCs focusing
on GHG Inventory. Their reports were improved in completeness and accuracy comparedwith their 1st and 2nd NCs. Because both India and the Republic of Korea have matured intheir experience of preparing inventories, other countries’ motivation to improve theirinventories seemed to be enhanced.
Discussion relating to COP decisions
UNFCCC and GIO reported updated information relating to NAI National
Communications. COP16 had already decided that NAI parties must submit Biennial Update
Reports (BUR). COP17, which was held in Durban in December 2011, agreed that the first
BUR should be submitted by December 2014 and also that NC should be submitted once
every four years. The reporting requirements including “frequency” issues of the NCs and
BURs and financial matters drew the participants’ attention. The establishment of institutionalarrangements is crucial for frequent inventory preparation.
Review of the past and Proposal for the future of WGIA-activities
GIO reviewed the past activities of WGIA and proposed a future plan with the draft ofTerms of Reference (TOR). The number of participants has become larger and reached amaximum number of 130 in this WGIA10, since the interest in Climate Change has been
increasing year by year. WGIA-activities have been also changing from in-situ
information-exchange to E-mail discussions, sector-specific meetings, hands-on training, andmutual learning in accordance with the member countries’ needs. Aiming at hosting more
effective and fruitful WGIA in the future, the WGIA Secretariat proposed new TOR.
Hands-on Training using the new IPCC Inventory Software
To help NA I countries to prepare for their national GHG inventories, a hands-on training
using the new IPCC Inventory Software was implemented. After an overview of the software
by IPCC TFI TSU, the attendees split into two groups, one on Energy/Industrial Processes andthe other on Waste, followed by trial calculations using laptop PCs with the pre-installedsoftware. Even though currently F-gases are not “shall be reported” gases, the attendees
agreed about the importance of F-gases emissions and the effectiveness of the software to beable to calculate the actual emissions. Also, the strength of the software which can estimate
the First Order Decay (FOD) of Solid Waste Disposal on Land (SWDL) was recognized by
the participants. Some countries agreed to use this software after going back to their countries
even though some bugs should be improved by IPCC TFI TSU.
Discussion on AFOLU-3─3─

﻿1. Executive Summary of WGIA10C CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

After the introductory presentation by GIO, seven presentations followed by active
discussions were made, 1) ”Initial NC Project in Myanmar” by Dr. Khin Lay Swe, 2)
Inventory and Mitigation for Methane Emissions from Livestock in Indonesia” by Dr. Idat
Galih Permana, 3) ”Greenhouse Gases Inventory in the Agriculture Sector of Thailand” by Mr.
Worapong Waramit, 4) ”Greenhouse gas emissions from China cropland” by Dr. ShenghuiHan, 5) ”Philippines’ Second NC: Gaps, Challenges and Improvements for the GHG
Inventory of the AFOLU Sector” by Dr. Damasa Magcale Macandog, 6) ”Monte Carlo
Simulation of Uncertainty Analysis for National GHG Inventories” by Dr. Kyeong-hak Lee(Korea), and 7) ”Developing a Sustainable AFOLU GHG System” by Dr. Elizabeth M.P.
Philip (Malaysia). Considering the fact that AFOLU (Agriculture and LULUCF) sector
includes significant emission/removal sources in many of the member countries, to holdcontinuous discussions on this sector in WGIA11was agreed. The attendees proposed somesubjects which are expected to be discussed in WGIA11, 1) Exchange of experiences about
institutional arrangements, 2) Check of the progress of each country, 3) IPCC- Emission
Factor Database (EFDB), 4) Wetlands supplementary guidelines, 5) Uncertainty assessment,
and 6) Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in developing
countries (REDD+).
Presentations by donors and international organizations
Experiences and plans of JICA, USEPA, USAID and DCCEE for inventory capacity
building programs in Southeast Asia were shared. At the same time, GIO reported on its
achievement relating to studies of emission projections in this region. Five presentations were
made, 1) ”Challenges in the development of GHG-Inventory: Experiences from JICA
technical cooperation” by Mr. Naoki Mori (JICA Vietnam), 2) ”Update on SEA GHG Project
Phase II” by Ms. Mausami Desai (USEPA), 3) ”Overview of US Government Programs andthe LEAD Program” by Mr. Orestes Anastasia (USAID), 4)”Inventory systems and carbon
markets - the Australian story” by Mr. Rob Sturgiss (DCCEE), and 5) ”Future Low-Carbon
Society Scenarios in Vietnam and Asia” by Dr. Junichi Fujino (NIES). Most projects wererelatively new, reflecting the rapidly growing demand for MRV in developing countries. The
importance of donor coordination for efficient support and some other issues were discussed.

-4─4─

2. Introductory Notes of WGIA10

Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on
Proceedingsof the 10th inWorkshoponGreenhouse
Gas Inventories
Asia (WGIA10)
Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
in Asia (WGIA10)
CGER-I107-2012,
CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

2. Introductory Notes of WGIA101
2.1 Background
The parties to the UNFCCC are required to prepare and submit GHG inventories as a partof NCs to the COP. Inventories are important for all Parties, as they show a Party’s status ofemissions/removals and become a basis for the mitigation measures for that Party. The
frequency of inventory submission is different for AI and NAI Parties in accordance with theprinciple of "common but differentiated responsibilities" as stated in the Convention.
The importance of inventories has been recognized more and more in the international
negotiation process since 2007, as they are crucial to measurable, reportable and verifiable
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Assuming that all Parties submit
biennial reports in the future, which include information on inventory and mitigation actions(Cancun Agreement, 2010), and that these reports would become a basis for reporting andverifying NAMAs, the improvement of inventories as well as the development of appropriate
institutional arrangements for that within a country need to be considered and enhanced.
MOEJ and NIES have been organizing the “Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia” onan annual basis since 20032 for NAI Parties within Asia3. Since its 6th session, the workshop
has been held as a part of the “Kobe Initiative” 4 launched by the G8 Environmental
Ministers’ Meeting in May 2008. These workshops have always aimed at supporting NAI
Parties in Asia to develop and improve their GHG inventories through enhancing theinformation flow and experience exchange as well as by obtaining the cooperation of experts
from both within and outside of member countries. So far, WGIA has not only contributed tothe inventory improvement of the member countries but has also developed and strengtheneda regional network of experts. In the upcoming WGIA10, the agenda items listed in thefollowing section will be discussed.
These introductory notes are intended to inform the prospective participants of theobjectives and expected outcomes of the workshop as well as the details of each session.
2. 2. Major programs
 Reports of the latest NCs (inventories) recently submitted to the UNFCCC
Secretariat,
 Discussions on future activities of WGIA, Group discussions on sector-specific issues,
 Discussions on donors’ and international organizations’ activities,
 Mutual learning (in-depth methodological discussion between two
countries).
2.2.1 Mutual Learning for limited participants (10 July)
Objectives:
To improve our inventories through exchanging questions and comments among experts
from countries involved in mutual learning activities.
1

The introductory notes were shared with participants prior to the workshop.
(WGIA1) Phuket, Thailand on 13-14 November 2003; (WGIA2) Shanghai, China on 7-8 February 2005; (WGIA3) Manila,
Philippines on 23-24 February 2006; (WGIA4) Jakarta, Indonesia on 14-15 February 2007; (WGIA5) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
on 6-8 September 2007; (WGIA6) Tsukuba, Japan on 16-18 July 2008; (WGIA7) Seoul, Republic of Korea on 7-10 July 2009;(WGIA8) Vientiane, Lao P.D.R. on 13-16 July 2010; (WGIA9) Phnom Penh, Cambodia on 13-15 July 2011.
3
Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, and Vietnam.
4
Chair’s Summary, G8 Environmental Ministers’ Meeting (http://www.env.go.jp/en/focus/attach/080610-a2.pdf)
2

-5-

─5─

2. Introductory Notes of WGIA10
2. Introductory Notes

Session Style: Group discussions
Overview:
This session aims at improving our next inventories by learning from other inventories
including data used in their compilation, and by exchanging questions and comments withexperts from two member countries. The target sectors and participating countries for thisyear’s activity are:
 Energy (Cambodia and Thailand) Industrial Processes (Indonesia and Japan)
 Agriculture (Indonesia and Vietnam)
 Waste (China and Republic of Korea)
2.2. 2 Opening Session (July 11)
Session Style: Plenary
Overview:
After introducing the workshop overview, both host countries (MONRE and MOEJ) will
present their policy schemes to combat climate change.
2.2.3 Session I: NC update and discussion on WGIA activities (11 July)
Objectives:
To share experiences gained through the preparation of the latest NCs recently submitted
and plans for the next inventory. In addition, to discuss future WGIA activities throughreviewing COP17, past WGIA activities and a proposal for future plans of WGIA.
Session Style: Plenary
Overview:
An expert of UNFCCC will share updated information considered to be useful for theparticipants in inventory preparation. Experts of India and the Republic of Korea will present
overviews of their NCs with a focus on the inventories. In addition, experts of GIO will share
information relating to COP17 with a focus on the inventories, and will then propose futureplans of WGIA.
2.2.4 Session II-1: Hands-on Training using the new IPCC Inventory Software (11July)
Objectives:
To help NAI countries to prepare for their national GHG inventories through hands-on
training.
Session Style: Group discussions
Overview:
Experts of IPCC TFI TSU will present an overview of the software and instructparticipants on how to use it. Experts of GIO will present categories to focus on. The focus
will be on F-gases and solid waste disposal on land. We will split into two groups and try to
make calculations using the new IPCC Inventory Software pre-installed in laptop PCs. At
least one PC for each country and organization, and a few PCs for the host country will be
prepared.
2.2.5 Session II-2: Discussions on AFOLU (11 July)
Objectives:
To discuss AFOLU-specific issues and to exchange information.
Session Style: Group discussions
Overview:
Considering the fact that AFOLU (Agriculture and LULUCF) sector includes significant
emission/removal sources in many of the member countries, continuous discussions on this-6─6─CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

sector are needed. In this session, the member countries will give presentations and exchange
information on the details of estimation methodologies and/or mitigation measures used byeach country.
2.2.6 Session III: Presentations by donors and international organizations (12 July)
Objectives:
To share information gained through the activity as a donor to support capacity building
for measurability, reportability and verifiability in Asia.
Session Style: Plenary
Overview:
The presentations by donors and international organizations are:
 “Challenges in the development of GHG inventory - Experiences fromJICA technical cooperation” by JICA
 “Update on SEA GHG Project Phase II” by USEPA and SEA GHG Project
 “Overview of US Government Programs and the LEAD Program” by
USAID
 “Inventory systems and carbon markets – the Australian story “ by DCCEE
 “Future Low-Carbon Society Scenarios in Vietnam and Asia” by NIES
2.3. Wrap-up Session (12 July)
Objectives:
To wrap up the discussions of the previous days and to discuss future activities.
Session Style: Plenary
Overview:
The rapporteurs will present the outcomes of each plenary session, mutual learning
session and breakout group session. Based on the outcomes, the future perspective of the
WGIA member countries as well as the WGIA activities will be discussed. Also, we will
discuss how to disseminate our knowledge and recommendations to other NAI Parties.

-7─7─

3. Workshop ReportProceedings of the 10th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA10)
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

3. Workshop Report

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of GIO:
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wg10/wg10index-e.html
3.1. Mutual Learning (ML)
Overview of the Mutual Learning
The Mutual Learning (ML) is an activity to improve the individual countries’ own
inventories through a series of processes; 1) exchanging inventories between two countries, 2)learning from partner’s inventory, and 3) exchanging comments between each other. The
primary purpose of the ML is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of methods
and data between two countries. The ML is also expected to foster and strengthen acooperative relationship among experts. Since the aim of the ML is not criticism or audit,
participants can conduct a two-way communication, not a one-way communication likeexaminer versus examinee. The first mutual learning was held in the annual workshop on thewaste sector between GIO and Korea Environment Corporation (KECO) in 2008. The
Secretariat of WGIA introduced this activity in WGIA8 in 2010. With the participants’agreement, ML was introduced in the following WGIA9 as one of the sessions. In 2011, theparticipants of WGIA welcomed the introduction of ML into the WGIA9, and recommended
conducting it successively in the WGIA10 again.
Participants
In November 2011, the Secretariat of WGIA advertised the ML to the participants of
WGIA10, and received applications from 16 teams from 8 parties. Considering therequirements of the applicants, an appropriate balance among sectors and the feasibility of
implementation, the Secretariat set up four pairs in January 2012. The set of pairs included
first-time attempts of ML on the Industrial Processes and Agriculture Sectors.
Table 1 Participating Countries in the Mutual Learning
SectorAgriculture
Waste
EnergyIndustrial Processes

Country
Indonesia
Vietnam
China
Republic of Korea
Cambodia
ThailandIndonesia
Japan

Preparation
A few months before the WGIA10, the chosen participants exchanged the materials of
their inventory which included worksheets used for estimating emissions and reports
describing details of methodologies through the Secretariat. Through studying the materials
provided by the partner country, the participants found good points as well as shortcomings ofthe inventory of the partner country. After that, the participants exchanged the comments andquestions found in the preparation process to the partner country through the Secretariat. The
partner countries responded to these comments and questions before the WGIA10.
Discussions
In the WGIA 10, the participants split into four sessions (Energy, Industrial Processes,
-9-

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3. Workshop Report

Agriculture and Waste) to discuss sector-specific issues. In the discussion, the participants
identified problems in the inventories with regard to sources not estimated and data collection
activity, and realized the importance of developing a consolidated national system to compile
an inventory sustainably. Also, they understood deeply the partner’s inventory, and recognized
clearly the necessity of improving methodology and documentation. To improve the inventoryof each party, the participants of WGIA encouraged a follow-up of the issues pointed out inthe discussion, and recommended the continuous implementation of the ML in future WGIAs.
The points of discussion and the outcomes of the individual ML are summarized in thefollowing sections (3.1.1. - 3.1.4.).
3.1.1

Agriculture Sector

Sector Overview
Indonesia and Vietnam participated in the mutual learning in the Agriculture Sector. The
general information of the two countries is as follows.
Table 2 Sector Overview
National total GHG emissions(Gg-CO2 eq., without LUCF)
GHG emissions in the Agriculture
Sector (Gg-CO2 eq.)
Responsible agency for the inventory
Entity in charge of GHG emission
calculation
Origin of estimation method in the
Agriculture Sector
Source of activity data

Indonesia
556,499 (in 2000)

Vietnam
150,900 (in 2000)

75,419 (in 2000)

65,091 (in 2000)

Ministry of Environment

Ministry of Natural
Resources andEnvironment (MONRE)
GHG Inventory Working
Group
Revised IPCC 1996
Guidelines
Mainly government
official statistics (forlivestock)

Technical Team on
Agriculture and Forestry
IPCC 2006 Guidelines
Mainly Biro Pusat
Statistik

Materials Used
In order to prepare for the mutual learning, both countries submitted their estimation
documents of the sector to each other three months before the workshop. The exchanged
documents are as follows.
Indonesia:- GHG Inventory of Agriculture Sector- Inventory Agriculture-2000 (excel)- Inventory Livestock-2000 (excel)
Vietnam:- Worksheet_livestock_2000 mutual (excel)- DATA_CALCULATION_EF (excel)- Livestock data_2000 (in Vietnamese)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the estimation documents, both countries studied them and submitted
questions and comments to the partner country approximately two months before theworkshop. The answers to the questions were provided prior to the workshop. The
classification and the number of the questions are as follows.
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Table 3 Classification of questions
Classification of question
Acquisition of activity data
Adoption of emission factor
Quality assurance & quality control
Responsible system structuring
Application of guideline
Mitigation plan

Number of questions
from Vietnam
from Indonesia
to Indonesia
to Vietnam
2
2
4
1
3
1
4
1
3
1
1
0

Outcomes of Mutual Learning
Through the mutual learning, several issues and good practices of the GHG inventory
have been pointed out for both countries.
➢Issues and solutions
Although it seemed that most of the issues raised during the mutual learning were notimmediately solvable, the participants stated that they would carefully re-examine thoseissues after returning to their countries.
The issues and solutions raised for Indonesia were as follows:
1) Indonesia used the correction factor (k(T)) to calculate the number of beef cattle,
dairy cattle and buffalo, which is used to estimate emissions from entericfermentation, etc. However, it was not clear what the correction factor actually
implied. According to the explanation by Indonesia, it represented the age structureof the aforementioned animals (i.e., calf, growing, mature) and the emission
intensity by the age of the animals (i.e., calf and growing cattle were of lower
intensity than mature cattle). However, it was pointed out that it would be better toseparate the population according to the age structure and modify the emission
factor according to the emission intensity.
2) A transcription error of EF for manure management was found in the document. As asolution, Indonesia will improve the document.
3) It was not clear in the document how to apply the scaling factor of irrigated rice field
for rice cultivation. It may be useful to indicate a clearer description, e.g. what is
technical irrigation etc.
4) A systematic data collection flow did not exist, especially for “Urea” and “Liming”.
5) The amount of biogas from manure management was not available.
6) There was no scaling factor for each irrigation type for rice field.
In addition, experts from Indonesia stated that the emissions from beef cattle and dairy
cattle were the most significant subcategories in the 4A enteric fermentation category (62.8%).
Therefore, Indonesia indicated that they would try to develop country-specific emission
factors.
The issues and solutions raised for Vietnam were as follows:
1) The major cattle bred in Vietnam are yellow cattle, which are smaller than cattle
living in other countries. Therefore, it would be better to use a smaller emission
factor of enteric fermentation for cattle in Vietnam than the IPCC default value for
the Asian region. Nevertheless, Vietnam used the IPCC default value to estimate
emissions in Second National Communication (SNC), since country-specificemission factors were not available. Vietnam hoped to apply Country Specific- 11 -

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3. Workshop Report

Emission Factor (CSEF) to improve the accuracy of estimation in the future.
2) Vietnam imported live animals from abroad; however, the relevant data did not exist.
Vietnam would like to collect more data about population to improve emission
estimation.
3) For the manure management system, the number of biogas recovery systems has
been increasing. However, the penetration rate of the biogas system in manure
management is still not well understood.
4) There were some survey data (parameters) at the provincial level for manure
management; however, activity data at the provincial level were not sufficient.
Therefore, for the time being, integrated average parameters were used.
5) Systematic data collection was not good enough.
➢Good PracticeSome Good Practices were pointed out through the mutual learning. As for Indonesia 1)
the GHG inventory was found to be in line with the IPCC 2006 Guidelines; 2) most of theEFs were IPCC defaults with corrected parameters for local conditions; 3) most sources ofcategories were covered for 2000-2005; 4) the Agriculture Sector inventory was found to becomplete in terms of gases and geographical coverage; 5) the estimation methods were clearly
described in the document, which helped the readers to understand methodologies, etc.
clearly.
As for Vietnam, 1) the main activity data were from government official statistics, anddata from other sources were used only for reference; 2) a trial calculation of CSEF for dairy
cattle was conducted to meet the country-specific conditions; 3) there were detailed data toestimate the emissions from manure management.
➢Possible follow-up activities
Indonesia would check the activity data for dairy cattle, some of which were found to be
doubtful. In addition, Vietnam and Indonesia would keep on trying to develop their datacollection systems and institutional arrangements for periodical GHG inventory preparation
through JICA projects. On-line (or e-mail) follow-up discussions were suggested for bothcountries if necessary.
➢Suggestions for future ML and WGIA
The participants’ suggestions for future mutual learning were as follows:
1) More time should be put into discussions.
2) Presentations, which describe the circumstances of each country, should be madebefore moving on to the question session to warm up the meeting.
3) ML was a good practice for each other.
4) The length of the period to prepare for ML was sufficient.
In addition, the participants suggested sharing the progress of EF improvement in eachother’s country (e.g. dairy cattle and rice field) and their experiences of data collection in
future WGIAs and/or ML.

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Participants
Country
Indonesia

Name
Dr. Idat Galih Permana

Dr. Junko Akagi (Chair)

Organization
Center for Climate Risk
and Opportunity
Management (CCROM),
Bogor Agricultural
University
Center for Climate Risk
and Opportunity
Management in Southeast
Asia and Pacific, Bogor
Agricultural University
Directorate for Mitigation
and Atmospheric Function
Preservation, Ministry of
the Environment, Republicof Indonesia
Capacity Development forDeveloping National GHG
Inventories, JICA
Research Center for
Climate Change andSustainable Development
Center of Asia
Biotechnology
VEA, MONRE
Ozone Layer Protection
Centre, DMHCC,MONREDMHCC, MONREDMHCC, MONRE
Center Consultant ofTechnology andEnvironment,
VEA, MONRE
Project for Capacity
Building of National
Greenhouse Gas Inventoryin Vietnam, JICA
GIO

Mr. Kohei Sakai(Co-Chair)

GIO

Mr. Naofumi Kosaka

GIO

Mr. Takashi Morimoto

Environment and Energy
Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research & Consulting
Co., Ltd., Japan

Dr. Muhammad Ardiansyah

Mr. Prasetyadi Utomo

Mr. Hiroshi Ito (Rapporteur)VietnamMr. Mong Cuong Nguyen
Mr. Khac Tich Nguyen
Mr. Ly Viet Hung
Mr. Quach Tat Quang
Ms. Nguyen Ihanh Hai
Ms. Tran Thi Bich Ngoc
Ms. Nguyen Thi Thu Huong

Ms. Takako Ono

Secretariat- 13 ─ 13 ─

Title
Researcher

Executive
Secretary

Technical Staff

Long-Term Expert
ExpertExpertResearcher
Acting Director
Official
Official
Researcher

Chief TechnicalAdvisorGHG Inventory
ExpertGHG Inventory
ExpertGHG Inventory
ExpertChief Analyst

3. Workshop Report

3.1.2 Waste Sector
Process Overview
After completing the application process including determining a partner country, theMutual Learning (ML) for the Waste Sector was implemented between China and theRepublic of Korea (RoK). This year’s ML for the Waste Sector was conducted along thetime-line indicated below.
May 15th - June 25th, 2012
Exchanging inventory materials to be studied and interacting with each other by filling inand exchanging the Study Sheet in three stages.
July 10th, 2012
Implementing a three and a half-hour ML Session focusing on the issues and points ofinterest raised in the Study Sheet
When starting the ML, the Secretariat of ML-Waste Sector provided the participating
countries with inventory materials received along with sheets of Process Overview, Process
Time-line, and Study Sheet as guidance. Each paper explained the key factors and importantfeatures in each stage and affirmed a shared awareness and common understanding of what
the Secretariat and the participants intended to achieve through the ML programme. In
particular, the Process Overview covered an outline of key elements for the participants to beaware of, including confidentiality of information, as well as instructions on how to organize
findings all along the line of the programme.
Material Used
The first stage was intended for exchanging actual inventory materials, such as a national
inventory report (Waste Sector), reporting tables in a common reporting format (CRF), anyother background documents, data, or spreadsheets used for actual emission estimates. The
inventory materials exchanged between China and the RoK are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Material used for Mutual Learning-Waste Sector
Country
China
RoK

Inventory report or documents
Document about methodology used during theinventory compiling, sources of activity data, andemission factors (update results of the 2008 inventory)
RoK Greenhouse Gas Inventory in the Waste Sector
1990-2009, May, 2012 (KECO, 2012)

Spreadsheets
N/A
UNFCCC CRF Tables forthe 2009 Inventory

Being in the process of officially submitting their SNC, China was not able to share theiractual inventory materials with RoK (for this reason, the Sector Overview of each country is
excluded from the report of ML-Waste Sector). Although bearing in mind the sensitiveness of
the issue of providing information before the official submission of SNC, some concerns on
the availability of information were raised, since one of the important key factors for the
success of the ML programme was to exchange actual inventory materials among
participating countries well in advance. However, China responded to meet their partner’s
reasonable learning needs with their best cooperative efforts in order to achieve the best
outcome under such circumstances.
➢Interacting with Each Other with Study Sheet
After exchanging inventory materials, the participating countries interacted with eachother by filling in and exchanging the Study Sheet in MS Word format and the Study Sheet
Summary in Excel format that the Secretariat of ML-Waste Sector had developed prior to thestart of the programme. Therefore, with these two sheets, both countries could list and- 14 ─ 14 ─

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organize all the findings, such as questions and answers, identified issues, good practice,solutions and suggestions, and possible follow-up activities. The participating countries wereencouraged to ask any question or make any comment that they thought appropriate to help aconstructive discussion on the partner country’s inventory, bearing in mind that this was notintended for auditing, criticizing or official review.
➢Session Agenda
Based on the Process Overview-2 as guidance for the said session, which was provided tothe participants in advance, a three and a half-hour ML session was conducted on July 10thback-to-back with WGIA10 following the agenda shown below. The session focused
specifically on the issues raised in the Study Sheet to be clarified, and on exchanging
suggestions or recommendations.
Time
8:30-8:40
8:40-10:10
10:10-10:20
10:20-11:40
11:40-11:50
11:50-12:30

Table 5 Session Agenda of ML-Waste Sector

Discussion on
Introducing each other
Inventory of RoK
 Issues to be further discussed as identified on the Study Sheet Benefits obtained from actually participating in ML
BreakInventory of China
 Issues to be further discussed as identified on the Study Sheet Benefits obtained from actually participating in ML
Break
Possible follow-up activities and suggestions for future ML

Questions and Answers
Table 6 summarizes the points of focus to learn on national greenhouse gas (GHG)
inventories of both countries based on the results of the Study Sheet exchanged with eachother. The focus was placed mainly on finding out country-specific circumstances, especiallyon determining activity data, developing emission factors, and conducting uncertainty
assessment. The differences in the circumstances between the two countries became apparent
through the interactions.
Table 6 Points of Focus to Learn on National GHG Inventories of Both Countries

On National GHG Inventory of China
Identified by RoK
6A: Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS) Determining activity data (waste type andwaste composition including 50 years ofhistorical data) Developing country-specific emission factors(methane correction factor, degradableorganic component)

6B: Wastewater Handling (WWH) Developing country-specific emission factors(maximum methane producing capacity,methane conversion factor)

On National GHG Inventory of RoK
Identified by China

 Determining and categorizing activity data Developing country-specific emission factors(degradable organic component) Estimating combined uncertainty
 Presenting information in Common Reporting
Format tables
 Providing editorial suggestions for inventory
report Determining and categorizing activity data
 Determining methodology including methane
conversion factor and unit of activity data
(biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen
demand) Presenting information in Common Reporting
Format tables- 15 ─ 15 ─

3. Workshop Report

6C: Waste Incineration
 Determining activity data (filling data gaps)
 Estimating N2O emissions

General Issues
 Applying different versions of the IPCC
Guidelines Identifying key source categories
 Estimating emissions from biologicaltreatment Conducting associated uncertainty
assessment in country-specific emission
factor Providing editorial suggestions for inventory
report Determining and categorizing activity data Developing country-specific emission factors(CO2, N2O emissions) Estimating CO2 emissions from biogenic wastes
 Providing editorial suggestions for inventory
report Estimating overall uncertainty for waste sector
 Providing details of expert judgment acrosssub-categories

Outcomes of Mutual Learning
National GHG Inventory of China➢Issues and Solutions
A summary of issues and findings concerning China’s inventories identified during thesession is listed below.
- 6A: Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS)
Due to the difficulty in determining activity data in rural areas, the possibility ofunderestimating CH4 emissions was discussed.
- 6B: Wastewater Handling (WWH)
The country-specific maximum methane producing capacity (B0) for domestic andindustrial wastewater are determined and applied on the basis of years of accumulated
expert’s experience and judgment. A suggestion of determining B0 based on actual
measurements was made based on experience and practice in RoK.
- General Issues
Uncertainty assessment was conducted for the first time using the IPCC default
values. China intends to conduct it with country-specific method in the future.
➢Good Practice
A summary of good practice in China’s inventories identified during the session are listed
below.
- 6A: Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS) Unavailable historical statistical activity data such as waste generation before 1991,
necessary for the First Order Decay (FOD) method, were estimated with driving
force (population and GDP) to improve its accuracy. The treated amount and types ofMunicipal Solid Waste (MSW) over 666 cities of 32 provinces were determined fromthe statistical yearbook published by the government. The composition of MSW wasdetermined by dividing the period 1956- 2005 into three different periods based on
historical surveys, literature, and expert judgment.
 A substantial improvement has also been made in estimating activity data since 2005.
China is in the process of establishing a national statistical system including activity
data and parameters to develop emission factors to be eventually used as normalized
statistical indexes for GHG emission estimates. Designing a national survey plan
towards the preparation for their Third National Communications (TNC) has also
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been undertaken. Much scientific research, examining research results and literature,and obtaining expert judgment were conducted in order to cover China’s vast land
and large population.
 Methane correction factors (MCFs) are periodically reviewed and determined inorder to reflect the country-specific waste management practice in China progressing
over time based on scientific research, literature, statistical data, and expert judgment.
MCFs were developed by dividing the period 1956-2005 into four periods reflecting
the actual conditions of all the waste disposal sites. MCFs for all the seven regions
divided by administration will be determined in the future.
 Historical and current data of degradable organic carbon (DOC) were developed
based on the results of scientific research conducted mainly in typical cities (almost
200 cities) in the south and north regions of the country, in order to reflect thedifferences in characteristic of regional climate and living habits.
- General Issues
Overall, the methodologies have improved in each sub-category since the 1994
national inventory of China included in their initial National Communications (INC).
Emissions from incineration were estimated for the first time for the inventories
included in their SNC. Regardless of the fact that the said emissions still remain a small
amount, the country-specific parameters for this sub-category are planned to be
improved.
National GHG Inventory of RoK➢Issues and Solutions
A summary of issues and findings on RoK’s inventory identified during the session islisted below.
- 6A: Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS)
Because of the lack of scientific knowledge and findings about uncertainties, the
IPCC default values have been applied. Since the importance of better uncertainty
assessment for identifying sources to be improved was reaffirmed through thediscussions, the use of country-specific uncertainties was suggested.
- 6B: Wastewater Handling (WWH)
Only national statistics of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are currently
available in the RoK. After learning about how China and Japan selected the unit ofactivity data for their inventories, efforts to estimate CH4 emissions on the basis ofchemical oxygen demand (COD) for industrial wastewater according to the IPCC
Guidelines were suggested.
- 6C: Waste Incineration
In the RoK, a pilot project is planned for monitoring emissions from fossil-fuel aswell as biogenic CO2 emissions from incinerator with 14C isotope at about 60 facilities
across the country as a part of mitigation strategies rather than for the use for national
GHG inventories. Seeking the possibility of utilizing these data as a part of the MRVtool for Korea’s GHG inventories was suggested by China. Also, since Japan is in theprocess of planning similar projects, it was suggested that information of project
updates between the RoK and Japan would be exchanged as the situation in eachcountry develops.
- General Issues
Since there have been extensive waste incineration practices in the RoK and Japan,
the consideration of contribution to the future IPCC Guidelines by providing scientificfindings on waste incineration gained in the RoK was discussed.
- 17 ─ 17 ─

3. Workshop Report➢Good Practice
A summary of good practice on RoK’s inventories identified during the session is listed
below.
- 6A: Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS)
Advanced efforts have been made to annually calculate country-specific DOC basedon waste composition with annual national statistics, and also carbon content surveyed
every five years.
- 6B: Wastewater Handling (WWH)
Advanced efforts have been made to determine the emission factor for industrial
wastewater by wastewater treatment facilities based on the various results of chamber
measurements conducted by treatment processes.
- 6C: Waste Incineration
In China, since an incineration practice, such as building incineration facilities
adjacent to residential areas, has been set forward because of the need to prepare for a
foreseen shortage of landfill sites, the difficulties in obtaining public understanding andcooperation has become an issue to be addressed. RoK shared their encouraging
experiences with China on how they resolved the same issue, such as the government’s
taking initiative to decree regulations for a community to treat waste generated within
the community, and the public eventually accepted it by receiving its benefits such aswaste heat utilization.
Issues and Findings - Common Circumstances for Both Countries- Decision making process and institutional arrangement
 Decision making organizations tend to give more priority to policy matters than toscientific matters (policy over science), and this seems to apply to many countries.
 China explained that it was unable to publish or share inventories completed many
months ago without the approval of the decision making organizations for policy
matters.
Other Benefits Obtained from ML
A summary of the benefits obtained from the ML is provided below. Evidently, it reflects
the participants’ full recognition of the ML program as a practical and direct approachreaching out to the WGIA member countries to help them to fulfill their needs for workable
solutions to improve their national GHG inventories. The session also served to affirm that the
purpose of the ML programme has been met at this time of substantially increased importanceand necessity of improvement as well as the use of national GHG inventory in each country
under the UNFCCC.
- The use of different versions of the IPCC Guidelines in neighboring countries wasrecognized.
- Useful information and knowledge on case-specific applications of methodologies, activity
data, and emission factors in neighboring countries’ inventories were found to be
informative.
- As a consequence of the rapid changes and progress of the NAI Parties’ domestic situation,
not only the benefit of studying the most recent national inventory in neighboring countries,
but also the effectiveness and advantage of learning with a focus on different issues eachtime they apply for the programme (multiple participations in the ML program) was
affirmed, particularly by the RoK which was a second-time participant.
- The benefit of utilizing the information and suggestions actually gained from the ML for
improving inventories was affirmed. For instance, RoK has worked for applying a higher
tier of the IPCC Guidelines because of being encouraged by the findings from the previous
ML conducted in 2011 that RoK took part in.
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CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES- The ML programme fosters and strengthens the participating countries’ motivation,encouragement, and cooperation to improve their national GHG inventories together
among NAI Parties.
Benefits obtained from ML - Point of view of observer from Vietnam
One of the feedbacks on the previous ML-Waste sector conducted in 2011 was toencourage as many national inventory experts and compilers in the local host country as
possible to participate in the program in order for them to fully take advantage of theopportunities. Below are the comments made by an observer from Vietnam who attended thesession upon obtaining the agreement of both countries.
- Observing that other countries were also facing similar issues and concerns as Vietnam,
and learning about other countries’ efforts for addressing issues, was encouraging.
- Useful information was obtained not only from a country with advanced domestic
circumstances (RoK), but also from a country whose current situation resembles to the one
in Vietnam (China).
- Getting motivated and encouraged by observing the ML session, this experience will beshared with the members of the own inventory team.
➢Possible Follow-up Activities and Suggestions for Future ML
The possible follow-up activities and suggestions for future ML discussed during thesession are provided below. The Secretariat of ML intends to respond to the needs ofparticipating countries to the extent possible.
- Exchanging more detailed information or advice received on the raised issues- Following up on the future plans shared during the session- Continuing to implement the Mutual Learning Program annually
Participants
CountryChina

Name
Dr. Qingxian GAO
Dr. Zhanyun MA

RoK

Dr. Byong Bok JIN
Dr. Eun-hwa CHOI
Mr. Chang Hoon LEE
Dr. Sang Won LEE
Mr. An Woo NAM
Mr. Sung Ho SHIN

VietnamMr. Thang Ngoc LE

Japan(Facilitator)

Mr. Hiroyuki UEDA
(Session Chair)
Dr. Takefumi ODA
Ms. Masako WHITE(Rapporteur)

Organization
Chinese Research Academy ofEnvironmental Sciences(CRAES)
Chinese Research Academy ofEnvironmental Sciences(CRAES)
Korea Environment Corporation(KECO)
Korea Environment Corporation(KECO)
Korea Environment Corporation(KECO)
Korea Environment Corporation(KECO)
Korea Environment Corporation(KECO)
Korea Environment Corporation(KECO)
Vietnam Environment
Administration (VEA)
Mitsubishi UFJ Research &Consulting Co., Ltd. (MURC)
GIO
GIO- 19 ─ 19 ─

Title
Researcher
Assistant Researcher
Director
Manager
Assistant Manager
Deputy General Manager
Assistant Manager
Assistant Manager
Deputy Director of Waste
Treatment Division
Senior Analyst
GHG Inventory Expert
GHG Inventory Expert

3. Workshop Report

3.1.3 Energy Sector
Sector Overview
Thailand and Cambodia participated in the mutual learning in the Energy Sector. The
general information of the two countries is as follows.
Table 7 Sector Overview
National total GHG
emissions (Gg-CO2 eq.,
without LUCF)
GHG emissions in the
Energy Sector (Gg-CO2
eq.)
Responsible agency for theinventory
Entity in charge of GHG
emission calculation
Origin of estimation
method in the Energy
Sector
Source of activity data

Thailand
236,948 (in 2000)

Cambodia
24,783 (in 2000)

159,382 (in 2000)

3,443 (in 2000)

Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning
Revised 1996 IPCC Guideline and2000 IPCC Good Practice
Guideline
Statistical reports from relevant
agencies

Ministry of Environment
GHG Inventory Office, Climate
Change Department
Revised 1996 IPCC Guideline,
complemented by 2000 IPCC
Good Practice Guideline
Import data of fossil fuel by
Ministry of Commerce, and fuelor energy consumption datafrom various industrial entities

Materials Used
In order to prepare for the mutual learning of the workshop, both countries submitted theirestimation documents of the sector to each other three months before the workshop. The
exchanged documents are as follows.
Thailand:- Second National Communication (February 2011)- Ghg_energy_agriculture (word)- Overview (excel)
Cambodia:- Second National Communication Technical Report Draft (August 2009)- Overview (excel)- Module 1 (excel)- Trend (excel)- Summary result-15-July-09 (excel)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the inventory documents, both countries studied them and submitted
questions and comments to the partner country approximately two months before theworkshop. The answers to the questions were submitted prior to the workshop. The
classification and the number of the questions are as follows- 20 ─ 20 ─

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
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Table 8 Classification of questions
Classification of question
Activity data
Estimation method
Transparency
Responsible system structuring
Quality assurance & quality control
Emission factor
Uncertainty

Number of questions
from Cambodia
from Thailand
to Thailand
to Cambodia
4
5
2
5
0
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
0

Outcomes of Mutual Learning
Through the mutual learning, several issues and good practices of the GHG inventory
have been pointed out for both countries.
➢Issues and solutions
The main issue raised for Thailand was that the country-specific emission factor has notbeen prepared for the emissions from the energy industry which is classified as the major key
category. The solution for this issue is described below as a good practice.
The issues raised for Cambodia were; 1) The lack of funding disables continuous activity
data collection and survey, 2) A country-specific emission factor is not prepared, and 3) A
stable organization for inventory is not established yet. As one solution for these issues, theinstitutional arrangement is now in draft plan for discussion with the top management level ofthe government. However the lack of funding issue may remain unsettled.
➢Good Practice
Several good practices were pointed out for both countries through the mutual learning.
The government of Thailand is developing the country-specific emission factor for theenergy industry in order to mitigate GHG emissions by understanding the actual emissions.
Also Thailand seeks to develop the estimation method for key sectors to a higher tier.
Basically, Thailand has a good national policy and system for collecting activity data.
As for Cambodia, the provided material was so transparent that the attendees of themutual learning easily understood the emission estimate. Also Cambodia has an ideal
institutional arrangement plan for the near future, which was introduced during the mutual
learning.
➢Possible follow-up activities
At the end of the mutual learning an attendee made the following suggestion relating to
the possible follow-up activities in the future; “Let us keep in touch for sharing and updating
new information and experiences in order to improve the existing results”.

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3. Workshop Report

Participants
Country
CambodiaName
Mr. Va Chanmakaravuth

Mr. Akira OSAKO

Organization
Industrial Environmental Office,Ministry of Industry, Mines andEnergyEnvironmental Division,
Electricity Generating Authorityof Thailand
Environmental Division,
Electricity Generating Authorityof Thailand
Division of Earth Environment
Dynamics, Research Institutefor Applied Mechanics,
Kyushu University
GIO

Thailand

Ms. Nilapha PAEMANEE

Mr. Kohei SAKAI

GIO

Mr. Takashi MORIMOTO

Environment and Energy Dept.,
MURC
Environment and Energy Dept.,
MURC

Ms. Anchalee NATIKOOLJapan

Dr. Yuriko HAYABUCHI

Ms. Kana SUZUKI

3.1.4

Title
Vice Chief
OfficeScientist
Scientist
Research
Assistant
Professor
GHG Inventory
ExpertGHG Inventory
ExpertChief Analyst
AnalystIndustrial Processes Sector

Sector Overview
Indonesia and Japan joined the mutual learning for the Industrial Processes Sector. The
general information of the two countries is as follows.
Table 9 Sector Overview
National total GHG emissions(Gg-CO2 eq., without LULUCF)
Agency responsible for the inventory

Indonesia
48,733 (in 2005)

Japan
65,898 (in 2010)

Ministry of Environment

Ministry of theEnvironment

Entity in charge of GHG emission
estimation
Applied guidelines and estimation
methods in the IP Sector

Ministry of Environment

GIO

2006 IPCC Guidelines,
Tier 1

Source of activity data

National statistics,
Ministry of Energy andMineral Resources,
Industry organizations, etc.

1996 IPCC Guidelines,
GPG
Country-specific,
Default, Tier 1,Tier 2
National statistics,
Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry,
Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare,Japan Cement
Association,
Japan Iron and SteelFederation, etc.

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Materials Used
In order to prepare for the mutual learning of the workshop, the two countries provided
their estimation documents for the sector to each other ten weeks before the workshop. The
exchanged documents are as follows.
Indonesia:-Chapter II National GHG Inventory, Indonesia Second National Communication under theUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (June 2010)-2006 IPCC Guidelines (GLs) worksheets, Summary GHG Inventory worksheets
Japan:- National Inventory Report of Japan (of FY2010, submitted in April 2012)- Common Reporting Format Tables (of FY2010, submitted in April 2012)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the inventory documents, both countries studied them and submitted
questions and comments to the partner country approximately five weeks to several days
before the workshop. The answers to the questions were provided prior to the workshop. The
classification and the number of the questions were as follows.
Table 10 Classification of questions
Classification of question
Acquisition of activity data
Adoption of emission factor
Quality assurance & quality control
Institutional arrangements
OthersNumber of questions
from Indonesia to Japan
from Japan to Indonesia
6
6
5
3
0
0
1
0
12
1

Outcomes of the Mutual Learning➢Issues and solutions
The participants noted that currently no emissions were reported for HFCs, SF6, and thatthe coverage of PFCs might not be sufficient in Indonesia’s inventory. They acknowledgedthat the solution might be to first correctly identify the sources of HFC, PFC, and SF6, andfollowing that, to use a Tier 1 method from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for F-gas use. It wasalso noted that CO2 recovered for urea production was deducted from the emissions fromammonia production, but the down-stream use of urea might not be accounted for. The
participants acknowledged that coordination across inventory sectors was necessary.
Regarding data collection, Indonesia is embarking on a complex scheme, with the
Presidential Regulation No. 71 coming into effect. This regulation determines that
local/provincial governments are to prepare emissions estimations, and this is to beincorporated into the national inventory. Large and middle-size companies will also provide
emission data to provincial/national governments. The participants acknowledged that
ensuring consistency and avoiding omissions/double-counting may become an issue, and that
careful coordination was necessary. However, they also noted that it could be an opportunity
for cross-checking between emission data submitted by different entities.
Regarding inter-ministerial coordination, Indonesia faces insufficient commitment fromrelevant ministries to inventory preparation. Participants acknowledged that the Japaneseexperience of engaging relevant ministries/agencies and industrial associations in some partsof the estimation process might offer a solution. Indonesia also faces hesitance from relevant
ministries/organizations/companies to provide confidential data. It was noted that 1) providing- 23 -

─ 23 ─

3. Workshop Reportan explanation that reporting in the inventory will be done by aggregation, therefore
confidential data will not be disclosed, and 2) involving relevant entities in the estimation
process so that they know that the data will be treated correctly might be useful in this regard.
➢Outstanding Issues
The participants from Indonesia pointed out that Japan reported certain Industrial
Processes-related emissions under the Energy Sector. The Japanese participants acknowledged
this as an outstanding remaining issue, since Japan uses an Energy Balance Table to balance
all fuel use in the country, which sometimes makes it difficult to take out portions to reportunder the IP Sector. It was also noted by the participants that there were no special written
arrangements for data provision/treatment in Japan, which might pose problems when
personnel changes.
The participants noted that some of the outstanding issues for Indonesia were finding
ways: 1) to involve appropriate stakeholders in Activity Data (AD) acquisition and EF
development, 2) to conduct QC for AD, in light of a complex data collection scheme
starting-up, 3) to coordinate among ministries/other entities, and clarify who decides on theroles of each.
Participants
Country
Indonesia

Name
Dr. Retno Gumilang Dewi
Mr. Agus Gunawan
Ms. Rias Parinderati
Mr. Hiroshi ItoJapan

Ms. Elsa Hatanaka
Dr. Keizo Hirai
Mr. Takeshi Nakashima
Mr. Takuji Terakawa

Organization
Institut Teknologi
Bandung
Ministry ofEnvironment
Institut Teknologi
Bandung
Capacity
Development for
Climate Change
Strategies inIndonesia, JICA
GIO
GIO
MURC
MURC

- 24 ─ 24 ─

Title
Head of the Center for
Research on Energy Policy
Head of Sub Division for theDevelopment of Mitigation
Instruments
Researcher
Long Term Expert (Sub-project3)

GHG Inventory Expert
GHG Inventory Expert
Consultant
AnalystCGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

3.2. Opening Session
The opening session was chaired by the overall workshop chair, Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri(NIES), and the rapporteur was Mr. Luong Quang Huy (DMHCC).
The welcome address was delivered by Mr. Shinsuke Oda, officer of the Low-Carbon
Society Promotion Office, MOEJ, followed by the welcome address delivered by Mr. Nguyen
Khac Hieu, Deputy Director of DMHCC under MONRE.
Mr. Shinsuke Oda (MOEJ) welcomed everyone and expressed his gratitude to Mr.
Nguyen Khac Hieu (DMHCC) and MONRE for co-hosting this workshop. He stressed theimportance of inventories and the significance of the workshop for both Annex I and NAI
countries.
Mr. Nguyen Khac Hieu (MONRE) also welcomed all participants. Then he introduced therole of MONRE as the focal point agency on climate change in Vietnam and stressed theimportance of GHG inventory and capacity building.
Dr. Keizo Hirai (GIO) gave an overview of WGIA and introduced the objectives,
participants and the agenda of WGIA10.
The objectives of the workshop were:
To have mutual learning,To report on the latest national communications (NCs) submitted to the UNFCCC
Secretariat,
To discuss decisions by the Conference of the Parties (COP) and future activities of
WGIA,To discuss sector-specific issues,To have hands-on training using the IPCC Inventory Software, and
To discuss the activities of international organizations.
Mr. Shinsuke Oda (MOEJ) made a presentation on Japan's climate change policies. He
introduced the current situation, targets and actions taken in Japan to struggle against climatechange. The decreasing rate of emissions considering forest carbon sinks and the Kyoto
mechanism credit is -10.9% on average (FY 2008-2010). Excluding Industrial Processes andWaste Products, the remaining 94% of CO2 emissions are related to energy consumption.
Household emissions, including personal vehicles and municipal waste, compriseapproximately 20% of the emissions. The remaining 80% is from the Business and Public
Sectors. Japan’s targets for GHG reduction are “Mid-term target (2020): -25% from 1990”
and “Long-term target (2050): -80% from 1990”. Global warming countermeasures are“Carbon tax”, “Feed-in Tariff for renewable energy”, “Legislations (Top Runner System)”,“Grant for eco-point system“, “Environmental Assessment Law”, “Mandatory reporting andaccounting”, and “Forest Management” etc.
Mr. Nguyen Minh Bao (DMHCC) also presented the current situation and mitigation
options for GHG emissions in Vietnam. Emissions from the Energy, Agriculture and
LULUCF Sectors are projected to be 169.2, 300.4, and 515.8 Tg CO2 eq. in 2010, 2020, and2030, respectively. The Energy Sector accounts for 91.3% of the projected total emissions for2030. GHG mitigation options were developed for three main sectors: Energy, Agricultureand LULUCF. He also talked about the limitation or difficulties that Vietnam is struggling
with concerning climate change. These are “Insufficient information and data on long-termplanning”, “Some IPCC emission factor (EF) defaults for energy technologies may not be- 25 ─ 25 ─

3. Workshop Reportsuitable, but the national EFs have not been well-developed yet”, “Technical capacity in thedevelopment of mitigation options”, “Limited information about know-how techniques”, and“Insufficient investment and technical expertise for transferring and applying modern,environmentally sound technologies”. To improve these negative circumstances, we agreed
about the importance to find out various potentials for co-operation and technical support andto implement their outcomes.
3.3

Session I: NC updating and discussion on WGIA- activity

This session was chaired by Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) and the rapporteur was Dr.
Junko Akagi (GIO).
The session was held for considering the future activities of WGIA member countries andthe WGIA Secretariat through reviewing the outcomes of COP16, 17, SBs, etc., the progress
made by the WGIA member countries and WGIA-activities since 2003. In addition, the latest
news in regard to the completion of SNC and TNC were reported by India and the Republic ofKorea, respectively.
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) shared updated information on the UNFCCC
negotiations with a focus on NAI NCs since the WGIA9 in July 2011. The following topics
were covered: CGE, financial & technical support, article 12.5 of the Convention(“frequency”), biennial update reports (BURs) and international consultation and analysis(ICA).
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO) supplemented Mr. Revet’s presentation with backgroundinformation for the enhanced reporting requirements for both AI and NAI Parties. She also
explained the new requirements determined for AI Parties, such as biennial reports (BRs),
international assessment and review (IAR), and AI Inventory Reporting Guidelines forreference.
Among others, the reporting requirements including “frequency” issues of the NCs and
BURs and financial matters drew the participants’ attention. The outcomes of the discussions
following the presentations were as follows:➢Submission of NC is every four years according to the decision 1/CP.16, paragraph 60(b).
The base year for the reporting of the next NC has not been determined, andmay be different depending on country situations.
➢Submission of BUR is every two years according to the decision 2/CP.17, paragraph 41(f). The BUR guidelines for NAI Parties states that the 1st BUR submission should bedone by December 2014 and it shall cover, at a minimum, the inventory for the calendar
year no more than 4 years prior to the date of submission, or more recent years if
information is available. Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing
States (SIDS) may submit at their discretion.
➢The establishment of institutional arrangements is crucial for frequent inventory
preparation.
➢According to the guidelines for NAI NCs (Dec. 17/CP.8), the use of the Revised 1996
GLs is a minimum requirement for NAI Parties to prepare their inventories. The two
GPGs and the latest GLs are encouraged to be used. This is up to the Party’s decision.
➢The UNFCCC Secretariat encouraged the WGIA member countries to apply forfunding for the next NCs before the completion of the current NCs to avoid the lack of- 26 ─ 26 ─

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continuity.
➢For the e-learning program, it is likely that the updated CGE training materials(available on the web) will be used, although it has not been decided yet. For establishinginstitutional arrangements, the materials should provide hints.
➢The summary table in the CP8’s guidelines is getting old. An update of the table will beconsidered in future COPs.
➢The application for funds (including those for BURs) is simple and straightforward.
See the URL for GEF policy guidelines for the financing of biennial update reports for
NAI Parties(http://www.thegef.org/gef/guideline/biennial_update_reports_parties_UNFCCC).
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (India) and Dr. Sangwon Lee (RoK) informed that India had
submitted its SNC and the RoK had submitted its TNC in 2012, and presented an overview of
the reports with a focus on the inventory chapter (see also Table 11). Both countries improved
their reporting especially in terms of completeness (e.g., categories, gases and time-seriesdata) compared to their previous NCs. Now that the institutional arrangements for theinventory preparation as well as the inventory management have been well organized, bothcountries seemed to be almost ready for the inventory preparation in a two-year cycle.
Dr. Junko Akagi (GIO), as a representative of the WGIA Secretariat, reviewed the WGIA
activities on the occasion of its 10th anniversary and also assessed the improvements of NCsof the WGIA participating countries by comparing their initial and second NCs. According to
the key category analysis conducted by the WGIA Secretariat for the countries that had
submitted their SNCs, Energy, Agriculture and LUCF were found to be still the major sectors.
She also proposed a draft TOR for the workshop in order to make the WGIA more meaningful
for the participating countries and to run the workshop in a more efficient manner beyond the
WGIA10. She asked everyone to contact the WGIA Secretariat by the end of October 2012 if
they had comments on the draft TOR.
In the discussions, it was suggested that the WGIA Secretariat included a brief descriptionof the history of WGIA or provided such information as a preamble or an annex to the draft
TOR, as it should be informative for particularly those who are not familiar with the WGIA
activities. With regard to the text of the draft TOR, it was suggested that the objectives of
WGIA could be more elaborated and other words for the WGIA approach such as“(information) exchange” rather than “assist (member countries)” could be used. Furthermore,
it was expressed that the increase in the number of entities (i.e., organizing committee andadvisory board proposed in the draft TOR) for running the WGIA might slow down the
preparation process. These comments will be considered by the WGIA Secretariat together
with any additional comments provided by the member countries by the end of October 2012.
After that date, the final TOR will be shared with the participants of WGIA10.
It was also suggested that the WGIA Secretariat re-considered the way to run the tools
developed by them, such as the WGIA mailing list and the roster of regional experts, whichhave not been actively used or are currently not available for participants. The WGIA
Secretariat will consider these matters as well.

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3. Workshop Report

3.4

Session II-1: Hands-on Training using the new IPCC Inventory SoftwareThis session was chaired by Dr. Simon Eggleston (IPCC TFI TSU) and the rapporteur
was Dr. Keizo Hirai (GIO).
To support NA I countries in preparing for their national GHG inventories, a hands-on
training using the new IPCC Inventory Software was implemented. After an overview
focusing on the strong points of the new software by Dr. Eggleston (IPCC TFI TSU), theattendees split into two groups, one on Energy/Industrial Processes (IP) and the other on
Waste, followed by trial calculations using laptop PCs with the pre-installed software.
3.4.1 Energy/IPOver 50 experts joined this session from Cambodia, India, Indonesia, the Republic ofKorea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, USEPA, the US LEAD
Program, the SEA-Project, Australia, JICA-Indonesia, Kyushu Univ., MURC, SUR, and JICA
Vietnam.
Dr. Keizo Hirai (GIO) presented focused sub-categories and the rationale. Mr. Kiyoto
Tanabe (IPCC TFI TSU) presented how to set up the software. They acted as instructors forusing the software and all attendees started to calculate the actual CO2-eq. emissions of Hydro
Fluoro Carbons (HFCs) from refrigerators and air-conditioners based on prepareddummy-data. Currently HFCs or F-gases are not “shall be reported” gases for NAI countries.
However, as Dr. Keizo Hirai presented at the Non-CO2 gases Working Group in WGIA9, twoparticipating countries were found that they had already estimated the “potential emissions ofF-gases” in their NCs because they had recognized that F-gases (HFCs) emissions were a very
important emission source. The attendees of the WG showed interest in estimating the actual
F-gases (HFCs) emissions because the potential emissions are likely to be overestimated.
IPCC TFI TSU suggested at the WG using the Tier.1 method of the “2006 Guidelines (NOT
the Revised 1996GL)” for calculating the actual F-gas emissions. This IPCC Inventory
Software implements the 2006 GL but can also be used for reporting under the Revised 1996
GL. One strong point of this software is that it “can calculate the actual emissions of F-gases
even if time-series data are not complete”.
Some countries were encouraged to try to estimate the actual F-gas emissions. Also it was
praised that this software could be used as a data base which could be shared among different
Ministries and/or Agencies. However, it was also pointed out that this software on “F-gases”
should be more user-friendly, some remaining bugs should be eliminated and excel data
should be input easily.
3.4.2 Waste
In the Waste Sector Working Group of the WGIA 8 and the WGIA 9, the participants
reported the status of their inventory compilation, methodology and data collection on thewaste sector in each party’s latest National Communications. These reports made it clear thatquite a few parties had not introduced the First Order Decay (FOD) method in their inventory
although Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS) is one of key sources in most countries.
The FOD method is an appropriate approach to estimate emissions from SWDS. Although
this method includes a little complicated procedure which needs historical data ofwaste-disposal for the last 50 years, the 2006 IPCC Guidelines encourage the application of
FOD since it provides a better estimation by using actual emissions than by using potential
emissions. The newly released IPCC software compliant with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines- 28 ─ 28 ─

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provides a convenient way to apply the FOD method. Therefore, the hands-on training tocalculate the emissions from SWDS using dummy data was conducted focusing on the FOD
methodDr. Takefumi Oda (GIO) made an introductory presentation of the Hands-on Training on
the Waste Sector. After an overview of the FOD method, he emphasized the importance of its
application in the estimation. He also presented the correct answer to the homework related to
the FOD method assigned to the participants prior to the meeting. The exercises related to thecomparison between actual and potential emissions, the comparison in emissions fromrespective disposal types with varied Methane Correction Factors, and the analysis ofcontribution of past disposal amount.
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (IPCC TFI TSU) made a presentation on the operational
instruction for the Hands-on Training with dummy data of SWDS. She explained how to use
the spreadsheet related to the estimation of emissions from SWDS with the IPCC software;parameters setup, function to estimate activity data depending on data availability, manner toreport the results and so on. She also mentioned about the flexibility of reporting format; thesoftware can report the results not only on the form of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, but also on
the form of the revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
At the first operation on the software, referring to the dummy data the participants set up
major parameters of the FOD method such as Methane Correction Factors, fraction of
Degradable Organic Carbon, k values, and so on. Then, the participants exercised aninterpolation of a series of historical population data to estimate the disposal amount fromlimited information. After that, they input a series of obtained historical population, and got
estimation results of actual emissions by the FOD method. To exchange the results with eachother, reports of an annual estimation were printed out.
Most of the participants have been favorably impressed by the IPCC software. Since the
new IPCC software provides previously input default parameters, a number of participants
made positive comments that the software is very useful for beginner compilers to try the
FOD method. Participants who considered introducing the FOD method into their future
inventory expressed that they would like to get more familiar with the software.
The participants also pointed out some bugs on the software inherent in newly released
programs. Some experts found inflexibility in setting the parameters such as climate zone andwaste composition, and made a constructive suggestion to improve the software and its
operational manner.
It is hoped that the IPCC software will support the parties trying to introduce the FOD
method in their inventory compilation.

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3. Workshop Report

Annex (Participants for Waste)
Participants:

Instructor

Dr. Qingxian GAO
Dr. Zhanyun MA
Dr. Sumana BHATTACHARYA
Dr. Retno Gumilang DEWI
Mr. Sung Ho SHIN
Mr. Chang Hoono LEE
Mr. An Woo NAM
Mr. Mone NOUANSYVONG
Mr. Mohd Famey YUSOFF
Dr. Batimaa PUNSALMAA
Mr. Sein THET
Ms. Lucille Joanna Santos BORLAZA
Ms. Dung Thi Phuong ANH
Ms. Nguyen Thi Van ANH
Mr. Le Ngoc THANG
Ms. Tran Thi THANH
Ms. Heather COOK
Mr. Shinsuke ODA
Mr. Hiroyuki UEDA
Ms. Masako WHITE
Dr. Baasansuren JAMSRANJAVDr. Takefumi ODA- 30 ─ 30 ─

(China)(China)(India)(Indonesia)(Korea)(Korea)(Korea)(Lao, PDR)
(Malaysia)(Mongolia)(Myanmar)(Philippines)(Vietnam)(Vietnam)(Vietnam)(Vietnam)(Australia)(MOEJ)(MURC)(GIO)(IPCC TFI TSU)
(GIO)

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3.5 Session II-2 AFOLU Sector Working Group
Introduction
Considering the fact that the AFOLU (Agriculture and LULUCF) Sector includes
significant emission/removal sources in many of the member countries, continuous
information sharing and discussions on this sector are desirable. In this session, the member
countries gave presentations and exchanged information on the details of estimation
methodologies and/or mitigation measures used by each country.
The AFOLU WG was attended by 29 participants from 11 WGIA-member countries(China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) and also from Australia, USA and JICA Vietnam. The
chairperson of this session was Dr. Damasa Magcale Macandog (Philippines) and therapporteur was Dr. Khin Lay Swe (Myanmar).
Presentations and Discussions
Mr. Kohei Sakai (GIO) introduced the background information, theme and schedule ofthe WG.
Following the introductory presentation, Mr. Sakai also introduced the “Monsoon Asia
Agro-Environmental Research Consortium (MARCO)” and the “Global Research Alliance(GRA)” on behalf of Dr. Kazuyuki Yagi (National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,
Japan), who is a coordinator of the MARCO and the GRA. The MARCO is an international
symposium to discuss and exchange information in monsoon Asia for agro-environmental
research including greenhouse gas issues such as mitigation. The GRA is a bottom-up
international network for agriculture-related greenhouse gases launched in the UNFCCC COP
15.
Dr. Khin Lay Swe made a presentation entitled “Initial National Communication (INC)
Project in Myanmar”. Myanmar’s National GHG Inventory team successfully prepared
National GHG Inventories for the year of 2000 using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The
Agriculture and LUCF Sectors had the largest share of emissions and removals, and thenational total was net removal. She also introduced Myanmar’s projects and activities for
mitigation and adaptation.
In the Q&A session, Dr. Swe mentioned that the difficulty she had encountered wasinsufficient institutional arrangements in Myanmar for the preparation of INC. She also
explained why Myanmar had decided to use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines to prepare the INC.
This was simply because Myanmar started its inventory preparation for the INC in 2010 andthe 2006 GLs, which are the latest guidelines and include the newest information, had alreadybeen available at that time.
Dr. Idat Galih Permana (Indonesia) made a presentation entitled “Inventory and
Mitigation for Methane Emissions from Livestock in Indonesia”. He introduced estimation
methods, mitigation technologies and the projection of CH4 emissions from entericfermentation and manure management. According to his presentation, CH4 emissions inIndonesia are expected to increase significantly by 2030. He also explained the priorities in
mitigation technology.
In the Q&A session, he explained that Indonesia had used IPCC default EFs in their SNC.
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However, actual livestock EFs in Indonesia and other Asian countries may be lower than the
IPCC default EFs. Therefore, Indonesia has been trying to develop CSEFs for the next
inventory.
Mr. Worapong Waramit (Thailand) made a presentation entitled “Greenhouse Gases
Inventory in the Agricultural Sector of Thailand”. In Thailand’s SNC, the Tier 2 methods wereused for enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation and field burning ofagricultural residues; while the Tier 1 method was used for agricultural soils. About 60% of
the emissions in the Agriculture Sector were from rice cultivation. He also gave
recommendations for further improvement and support required for GHG inventory.
In the Q&A session, he mentioned that his priority recommendation was to shift to ahigher Tier from Tier 1. He also explained that his department, Land Development
Department (LDD), supported the inventory preparation for agricultural soils and land use
and was connected with the GHG inventory group (e.g. attended meetings and invited theinventory team to give training on GHG inventory).
Dr. Shenghui Han (China) made a presentation entitled “Greenhouse gas emissions from
China cropland”. She introduced the estimation method for CH4 from rice paddies and N2Ofrom agricultural land in China. The CH4 MOD model (Tier 3 method) was used to estimate
emissions from rice paddies. For N2O emission estimations from agricultural field, the Tier 2
method was used. In this method, the IAP-N model and CSEF developed by field observation
were used to estimate the N input to agricultural field.
Dr. Damasa Magcale Macandog (Philippines) made a presentation entitled “Philippine
SNC: Gaps, Challenges and Improvements for the GHG Inventory of the AFOLU Sector”. In
the SNC, the Philippines used the 1996 GLs and reported the GHG inventory for 2000. CH4emissions from rice cultivation were estimated with the Tier 2 method, and CSEF from theresearch findings of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was used. She also
introduced gaps, needs and constraints and improvements from various viewpoints.
Dr. Kyeong-hak Lee (Republic of Korea) made a presentation entitled “Monte Carlo
Simulation of Uncertainty Analysis for National GHG Inventories”. He introduced the Monte
Carlo Simulation software, which was used for uncertainty analysis of the LULUCF Sector in
the Republic of Korea. He used “Monte Carlo Uncertainty Analysis Program v1.0”, which is
free software, and demonstrated this software with input data from forest.
Following his presentation, two questions were raised: if any other countries could do
uncertainty analysis with this program, and how participants could get a copy of the program.
He answered that he could share a copy upon request and anybody could use this software forthe uncertainty analysis. He could also share his experience in developing the software.
Dr. Elizabeth M.P. Philip (Malaysia) made a presentation entitled “Developing a
Sustainable AFOLU GHG System”. She introduced the improvements made in the SNC,
transition activities from SNC to TNC, and challenges. In the SNC, Malaysia improved someitems of the GHG inventory including activity data, local EFs, uncertainty assessment,
QA/QC, documentation, capacity building, etc. She also shared her difficulty in making
appropriate land assignment, for example, whether a peatland, which was drained 30 years
ago, should still be treated as “Peatland” or not.
In the Q&A session, she said that the FRIM (Forest Research Institute Malaysia) did the- 32 ─ 32 ─

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

final compilation job, which included some decision making, for the AFOLU (Agriculture andLUCF) Sector inventory.
Dr. Sultan Singh (India) made also a short presentation entitled “GHG Inventories ofIndian Agriculture and Livestock”.
Conclusions & Recommendations from the Working GroupThe participants discussed future WGIA activities relating to AFOLU and suggested thefollowing themes: (1) Exchange of experiences about institutional arrangements, (2) Check of
the progress of each country, (3) IPCC-EFDB, (4) Wetlands supplementary guidelines, (5)Uncertainty assessment relating to the presentation by Dr. Lee and (6) REDD+.
Annex
Participants:

Dr. Shenghui HAN
Dr. Sultan SINGH
Dr. Idat Galih PERMANA
Dr. Muhammad ARDIANSYAH
Mr. Prasetyadi UTOMO
Mr. Mone NOUANSYVONG
Mr. Bouathong Thong THEOTHAVONG
Mr. Soukanh BOUNTHABANDID
Dr. Elizabeth M.P. PHILIP
Dr. Khin Lay SWE
Dr. Damasa Magcale MACANDOG
Dr. Kyeong-hak LEE
Ms. Nirawan PIPITSOMBAT
Mr. Worapong WARAMIT
Dr. Arux CHAIYAKUL
Ms. Ngoc Thi Bich TRAN
Ms. Trang Minh DAO
Ms. Huyen Thu TRAN
Ms. Dung Thi PHAM
Mr. Robert STURGISS
Ms. Takako ONO
Mr. Khuong Chinh TRAN
Mr. Orestes Ray ANASTASIA
Mr. Taka HIRAISHI
Dr. Junichi FUJINO
Mr. Kohei SAKAI
Dr. Junko AKAGI
Mr. Akihiro TAMAI
Mr. Naofumi KOSAKA- 33 ─ 33 ─

(China)(India)(Indonesia)(Indonesia)(Indonesia)(Lao P.D.R.)(Lao P.D.R.)(Lao P.D.R.)(Malaysia)(Myanmar)(Philippines)(Republic of Korea)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Vietnam)(Vietnam)(Vietnam)(Vietnam)(Australia)(JICA Vietnam)
(USA)
(USA)
(Japan)(NIES)
(GIO)
(GIO)
(GIO)
(GIO)

3. Workshop Report

3.6

Session III: Presentations by donors and international organizations

This session was chaired by Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) and the rapporteur was Mr.
Akihiro Tamai (GIO).
Experiences and plans of JICA, USEPA, USAID and DCCEE for inventory capacity
building programs in Southeast Asia were shared. At the same time, NIES, conducting
emission projections in this region, provided information on their achievement. Most projects
are relatively new, reflecting the rapidly growing demand for MRV in developing countries,
e.g. BUR and REDD+.
Mr. Naoki Mori (JICA, Vietnam) made a presentation on two projects supporting capacity
development for National GHG Inventory which are ongoing in Vietnam and Indonesia. Theirapproach is to establish a reliable and self-reliant system by human resource developmentfrom the initial stage of design and development of the inventory compilation system. He
pointed out that a strong commitment by the government and cooperation mechanisms among
ministries and agencies for the entire compilation process were essential for the sustainabilityof the system. He also mentioned that sharing the mutually benefitting information from theinventory would promote cooperation.
Ms. Mausami Desai (USEPA) made a presentation on the progress of the SEA project
which is in cooperation with the UNFCCC. The project is now in Phase II and they haveupdated their National Inventory System Templates and ALU-software. She also reported on
their activities in Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. She stressed the importance ofcustomized institutional arrangements to support data collection, dedication from the National
Inventory team and training through actual work.
Mr. Orestes Anastasia (USAID) made a presentation on projects under the concept of
LEDS; Low Emission Development Strategy. He correlated the National GHG Inventories
with LEDS as it helps governments assess the current conditions and improve planningassociated with emission sources and options for identifying emission reductions. He
introduced several programs that were starting up. The Enhancing Capacity for LEDS
Initiative and the Low Emissions Asian Development Program (LEAD Program) are related
to inventories as an assessment tool for decision-making, while the Lowering Emission in
Asia’s Forest Program and SilvaCarbon deal with AFOLU estimation research.
Mr. Robert Sturgiss (DCCEE) made a presentation on Australia’s advanced inventory
compilation system that is supporting the domestic carbon pricing mechanism. He pointed out
the strength of DCCEE, the advanced estimation methodology and data collection system.
On the back of Australia’s capacity, he inducted an MRV capacity development program thathas been developed. He put an emphasis on the importance of MRV in developing countries
from the viewpoint of a potential carbon credit importer, since the reliability of the credit is
crucial for the scheme.
Dr. Junichi Fujino (NIES) made a presentation about activities by NIES and collaborating
institutes to promote developing a low-carbon society by using the Asia-Pacific Integrated
Model (AIM). They have conducted future projections in Asian countries such as Vietnam,
Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. He pointed out that the network among researchers andpolicymakers, Low Carbon Asia Research Network (LoCARNet), was established throughtheir project. He also referred to the importance of corporation between inventory and models.
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In the discussions, Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC TFI TSU) asked Mr. Anastasia how toensure that trainees of the “train the trainer” program become trainers. Mr. Anastasia
suggested that a regional organization for capacity development may be established and thattrainers would take a post there. Mr. Agus Gunawan (Indonesia) was interested in the practicein Australia of how they prepared the company reporting scheme. He also asked if there were
any support and incentives for companies to reduce emissions. Mr. Sturgiss replied that they
started from an existing voluntary reporting scheme and reorganized it. Streamlining acrossthe government for a single request for data provision was a key to persuade companies. He
suggested that the opportunity to join the emission trading itself would be an incentive. Mr.
Mone Nouansyvong (Lao PDR) asked about the government policy of Australia oninternational cooperation for credit and emission reduction, especially whether conditions of
MRV to trade carbon credit would be defined by Australia. Mr. Sturgiss answered that there
was no standard on MRV at the moment, but credibility would be important.

- 35 ─ 35 ─

4. Abstracts

Abstracts

Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on
Proceedingsof the 10th inWorkshoponGreenhouse
Gas Inventories
Asia (WGIA10)
Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
in Asia (WGIA10)
CGER-I107-2012,
CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

4.1 Opening Session

Overview of WGIA10
Keizo Hirai

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO/CGER/NIES), Japan

Abstract
The upcoming 10th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories in Asia (WGIA10)
is to be held 10-12 July 2012 in Hanoi, Vietnam and convened by the Ministry of theEnvironment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
together with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam (MONRE).
The annual workshops since 2003 have always aimed at supporting Non Annex I Parties in
Asia to develop and improve their GHG Inventories.
Over 140 participants are expected to be present in this 10th workshop. Participants aregovernment officials and researchers from 14 countries in Asia (Cambodia, China, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam) and are experts from international organizations(UNFCCC, IPCC TFI TSU, USEPA, SEA GHG Project, USAID, DCCEE of Australia, andJICA).
NAI Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) are required to prepare GHG inventories as a part of National Communications(NCs) to be periodically submitted to the Conference of the Parties (COP) under the
UNFCCC.
After both host countries (MOEJ and MONRE) present their policy schemes to combat
climate change in Opening Session, India and Republic of Korea report their latest inventories
in Session I. In addition, NIES reviews the past WGIA-activity and then proposes future plan.
In Session II-1, participants try calculations relating Energy/IPPU/Waste-emissions using
the new IPCC Inventory Software and in Session II-2, participants discuss AFOLU-specificissues and exchange their information. In Session III, the final Session, there are presentations
by donors supporting capacity building for measurability, reportability and verifiability.
Access to relevant information
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wgiaindex-e.html

37
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4. Abstracts
4. Abstracts

Japan’s Climate Change Policies
Michihiro OI
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract(1) GHG inventory in Japan
In accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, Japan developed a system for preparing national
greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, including institutional arrangements among related
ministries and quality assurance/control process. The GHG Inventory Office (GIO) plays a
key role in developing the GHG inventory annually. The Ministry of the Environment is
responsible to compile the inventory by requesting relevant data and information for
calculating GHGs emissions from other ministries such as the Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
Japan’s GHG emission in 2010 is about 1.26 billion ton CO2 equivalent which is slightly
smaller than that in 1990, the base year of the target for the first commitment period (CP1)under the KP. Taking CO2 absorption by forest and the Kyoto mechanisms into account, Japan
achieved 10.9% reduction from the baseline in the first three years of the CP1 (2008-2010).
The biggest emitting sector is industry (i.e. use of fossil fuels and electricity in factories)
which occupies about 35% of total emission but the emission from industry sector has been
decreasing. Emission from commercial and residential sector (the use of electricity and otherenergies in households and office buildings) has increased in these twenty years. Emission
from transportation sector increased in 1990s but turned to decrease in 2000s.
(2) Japan’s Climate Change Policy
Japan has three targets on its GHG emission in deferent time scale: 6% reduction from1990 level in 2008-2012 based on the KP; 25% reduction in 2020 which Japan committed inaccordance with the Copenhagen Accord and the Cancun Agreements; and the long-termtarget of 80% or more reduction by 2050 declared by the G8 leaders. To achieve the 6%
Kyoto target as well as its mid-term target by 2020, Japan has been taken various measures
including carbon tax and feed-in tariff (FIT) for promoting renewable energy.
A new carbon tax scheme is going to be implemented from October 2012, in which tax
rate (289 Japanese Yen (JPY)) per ton of CO2 of fossil fuels is added in the current rate ofpetroleum and coal tax. This rate will be introduced gradually in three years, and the revenueof carbon tax estimated about 262.3 billion JPY (3.3 billion US$) every year under the full
implementation will be used for introduction of renewable energy and enhancement ofenergy-saving, etc. Another recent progress is FIT for renewable energy which was justentered into force from 1 July 2012. Now electricity utilities are obliged to purchaseelectricity from renewable sources e.g. solar photovoltaic, wind and biomass by a fixed pricefor a decided period. The price and period of purchase for each type of renewable energy are
determined by an assessment committee, taken into consideration their cost and availability.
For example, solar PV electricity is purchased by 42 JPY per kW for 20 years.
The Great East Japan Earthquake and the accident of nuclear power plants in Fukushima
forced Japanese people to reconsider energy and environment policies. Before 11 March 2011,
promoting nuclear power was thought of as one of key measures to address climate change,38─ 38 ─

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

but now most people do not wish to rely much on nuclear any more. Currently review ofnational strategies on energy and climate change is on-going. In the end of June 2012, theministerial Energy and Environment Council proposed three options regarding future energy
and environment of Japan in accordance with scenarios of dependency on nuclear, 0%, 15%
and 20-25%, in 2030. In any scenarios, Japan will make full efforts to reduce fossil fuel use
by enhancing energy efficiency and reducing total energy use as well as introducing more
renewable energy than expected before March 2011. By these efforts, GHG emission in 2030
will be reduced by 23 to 25 % compared to 1990 level. Having nation-wide debates among
citizens and related stakeholders based on these three scenarios, the government will decide
new Strategy for Energy and Environment in August and further detailed energy plan andcountermeasures on climate change by the end of this year.

39─ 39 ─

4. Abstracts

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

Introduction to Greenhouse gas mitigation options in Viet Nam
NGUYEN Khac Hieu, HOANG Manh Hoa, TRAN Thi Bich Ngoc
Department of Meteorology Hydrology and Climate Change
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Viet Nam

Abstract
Acknowledging the threats of climate change to sustainable development, theGovernment of Viet Nam signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change in 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol in 1994. After that, these treaties were ratified in 1998
and 2002, respectively. As a member of Non-Annex I Party, Viet Nam has submitted its Initialand Second National Communications to the UNFCCC Secretariats. The Government has
issued a range of legal documents and policies for environmental protection and climatechange response. In late 2008, the Government approved the National Target Program to
Respond to Climate Change (NTP). The NTP lays out nine targets and main priority activities
for the period of 2009-2015, including the development and implementation of GHG
mitigation options.
The National GHG inventory in 2000 was conducted in accordance with the Revised
Guidelines of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that Viet Nam’s total
GHG emissions for the year 2000 were 150.9 million tCO2e, emanating from 3 key sources
including agriculture, energy and LULUCF. Based on the development and master plans ofthese sectors, a number of mitigation options were developed.
For assessing GHG mitigation options, the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planningsystem (LEAP) model was used for the energy sector while the Comprehensive Mitigation
Analysis Process (COMPAP) model was used for LULUCF sector. In agriculture sector,
several statistical tools and methodologies in accordance with Dr J. Sathaye’s Guidebook on
GHG mitigation assessment were applied.
The results showed 28 mitigation options have been developed and assessed for GHG
sources and sinks, including 15 for energy (including transportation), five for agriculture andeight for LULUCF. The total mitigation potential for the above-mentioned 28 solutions is3,270.7 million tCO2e, to which energy contributes 192.2 million tCO2e, agriculture 56.5
million tCO2e and LULUCF 3,022 million tCO2e. Mitigation potential uncertainty levels areplaced in order of increasing magnitudes, from energy to agriculture to LULUCF. GHG
abatement and carbon sink expansion costs vary quite drastically. Costs in energy range from
US$-24.9/tCO2 to US$23.8/tCO2, in agriculture from US$-10.9/tCO2 and US$9.7/tCO2, andin LULUCF, between US$0.4/tCO2 and US$1.4/tCO2.
For more effective response to climate change towards a century-long vision to form thebasis for other strategies and development plans, a National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS)
has been approved on 5th December 2011 by the Government. One of the NCCS objectives
aimed at carrying out potential GHG mitigation options. The mitigation activities focus on
application of new environmentally technologies for mitigation to Climate Change at national
level. In order to facilitate implementation of NCCS in general and GHG mitigation options
in particular, it is also necessary to improve education, training experts and public awarenesson Climate Change at all levels.
References
Viet Nam Initial and second national communications
National Climate Change Strategy (Decision No.2139/QD-TTg dated 5 Dec 2011)
4.2 Session I40

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CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES– Update on non-Annex I national communications –Dominique Revet

UNFCCC Secretariat

Abstract
A lot of important decisions were taken in the area of negotiations related to non-Annex I
national communications since WGIA 9.
The Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) is continuing under its current mandate until
the end of 2012. The Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) also initiated; but did notconclude, consideration on the term and mandate of the CGE, and the need for thecontinuation of the group. A decision will need to be reached at COP 18.
With regard to financial and technical support for national communications, the Global
Environment Facility (GEF) will continue to provide funds for technical support for the
preparation of national communications, similar to that provided by the national
communications support programme (NCSP), and report on this issue at COP 19.
The GEF, which was requested by COP 17 to make available support as early as possible
in 2012, already released its policy guidelines for the financing of biennial update reports(BURs) for non-Annex I Parties. COP 17 also urged non-Annex I Parties to submit theirrequest to the GEF for support for the preparation of their first BUR in a timely manner. The
GEF will start reporting on its activities relating to the preparation of BURs at COP 18.
The issue of frequency of reporting national communications from non-Annex I Parties
has been concluded: the COP decided that non-Annex I Parties should submit their national
communications every 4 years (decision 1/CP.16, paragraph 60 (b)), and their BURs every 2
years (decision 2/CP.17, paragraph 41 (f)).
The UNFCCC secretariat was requested to upgrade the non-Annex I GHG inventory
software and make it available by June 2013.
References
Decision 1/CP.16
Decision 2/CP.17
Access to relevant information
http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/items/2716.php
http://www.thegef.org/gef/guideline/biennial_update_reports_parties_UNFCCC

41
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4. Abstracts
4. Abstracts

Update on India’s National Communication to the UNFCCC
Sumana Bhattacharya
India

Abstract
India submitted its 1st national communication to the UNFCCC in 2004, the GHG
inventory information provided in that report was for the year 1994. The inventory was
prepared involving 19 institutions that collected the activity data mainly from the government
sources. The communication reported some measured and estimated emissions factors, theimportant once amongst them being the CH4 emission factors for rice cultivation, livestock,
Municipal Solid Waste, N2O from nitrous oxide manufacturing, and CO2 from different coaltypes. These institutions also estimated the GHGs, namely, CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions bysources and removals by sinks using the IPCC revised 1996 guidelines for sectors including
Energy, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Land Use Land Use change and Forestry and Waste.
In 2012, India submitted its 2nd National communication to the UNFCCC, wherein the
GHG inventory was reported for the base year 2000. It has also reported its 2007 GHG
inventory in the same report, which was published earlier in 2010. Along with the 2000 and2007 numbers, India also has released the GHG inventory numbers for the year 2005
separately. The GHGs reported are CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6. With this it is clearthat India is now in a position to prepare the time series of GHG emissions since 1994. About
31 institutions working in the areas of Energy, Agriculture, Forestry, Industries, and Waste
management have been involved in the process.
Between 1994 and 2007, the CO2 equivalent emissions have grown from 743 million tons
to 1301 million tons, including LULUCF, indicating a compounded annual growth rate of
4.4%. In 1994, LULUCF was an emitting source, but since then, it is a net sink. A mix of1996 and IPCC guidelines, along with IPCC Good Practice Guidance 2000 and 2003 havebeen applied for estimating the GHG inventory for the years 2000, 2005 and 2007. Most of
the emission factors developed in the 1st National communication have been updated,
including that of CO2 from coal, CH4 from rice cultivation and enteric fermentation,
additional measurements have been made to develop plant specific CO2 emission factors from
cement manufacturing and steel and due to combustion of fuel therein.
Further methodological improvements have been made in the case of LULUCF by
including Carbon pools in addition to forests, and in case of MSW, the CH4 emissions havebeen made using the suggested IPCC 1st order decay method, instead of the Triangularmethod used in the earlier inventory. The GHG inventory was also peer reviewed andreviewed by a third Party which did not participate in the process but had the expertise.
Amongst the 64 categories covering the 5 sectors, for which GHG inventory estimateshave been made, 15 categories or about 25% of the categories emit 95% of the total CO2
equivalent emissions. This has been deduced from Key source analysis using both level andtrend methods. The highest emitters being CO2 from electricity, CH4 from entericfermentation and CH4 from rice cultivation. Tier 1, uncertainty analysis indicate high levels of
uncertainty associated with the CO2 from electricity production, CH4 from entericfermentation and N2O from soils are high.
The 2nd National Communication has taken the 1st step towards a more reliable GHG
inventory development by building the capacity to develop/estimate a time series GHG
inventory for India. However, many more steps need to be taken further, such as establishing42
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CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
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a national data management system, doing a recalculation for the year 1994, estimate theinventories of the rest of the 3 gases not included in the 1st inventory. A more systematic
approach by bringing in the various ministries that are repositories of national activity data, todirectly participate in the process and submit the time series of required activity would further
reduce the uncertainties that still exist in the inventory.
The system will enable India to submit its GHG inventory estimates every two years,
track its various policies towards achieving the domestic mitigation target of reducing its
emission intensity by 20-25% by 2020 wrt to 2005, and make India ready to undergo theInternational Consultation and Assessment process that is being proposed as a review process
for Non-Annex1 countries.
References
1. India’s Initial National Communication to UNFCCC, 2004. Published by MoEF, GoI
2. India’s 2nd National Communication to UNFCCC, 2012. Published by MoEF, GoI
3. India- Greenhouse gas emission progile, 2012. A brochure. Published by MoEF, GoI
4. Greenhouse gas emissions from India: A perspective, Subodh Sharma, Sumana
Bhattacharya, Amit Garg, 2006. Current Science.
5. Greenhouse gas inventory estimates for India; 2011. Subodh K. Sharma, Asim
Choudhury, Pinaki Sarkar, Subhashis Biswas, Anil Singh, Pradeep K. Dadhich, Ajay
K. Singh, Suman Majumdar, Arti Bhatia, Madhu Mohini, Rajesh Kumar, C. S. Jha9,M. S. R. Murthy, N. H. Ravindranath, Jayant K. Bhattacharya, M. Karthik, Sumana
Bhattacharya and Rita Chauhan. Current Science
Access to relevant information
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/indnc2.pdf

43
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4. Abstracts
4. Abstracts

Korea’s Third NC and GHG Inventory in 2009
Lee, Sang Won

Korea Environmental Corporation (KECO), Republic of Korea

Korea has submitted third National Communication in November 2011 as a sequel to our
second NC in 2003. As Korea is one of the few Non-Annex I countries to be submitting thereport for the third time, we believe this demonstrates our strong, voluntary commitment toactively respond to climate change. This third NC consists of 8 chapters and summarizes thenation's accomplishments in efforts to reduce GHG emissions, including key strategies andmeasures such as Low Carbon, Green Growth(’08), Mid-term GHG Mitigation Target(’09),
Adaptation Measures for Climate Change(’10) etc.
The third NC includes the GHG inventory compilation up to 2009.
Total GHG emissions were 607.6 Mt CO2 eq. in 2009, representing a 105.0 percent
increase since 1990 and a 0.9 percent increase from 2008. Total GHG net emissions were564.7 Mt CO2 eq., in 2009, representing a 106.6 percent increase since 1990, and a 0.6 percent
increase since 2008. Total GHG emissions consisted of the following sectors: 84.9 percent
from the energy sector, 9.3 percent from industrial processes, 3.3 percent from agriculture,and 2.5 percent from the waste sector. The share of CO2 in the total GHG emissions in 2009
was 89.0 percent, followed by 4.6 percent of CH4, 3.1 percent of SF6, 2.1 percent of N2O, 1.0
percent of HFCs, and 0.4 percent of PFCs. Compared to the levels in 1990, CO2 and N2Oemissions increased by 112.5 percent and 18.8 percent, respectively, and CH4 emissions
decreased by 9.1 percent. Emissions of HFCs and SF6 increased by 5.2 percent and 160.3
percent, but PFC emissions decreased by 4.2 percent

44
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CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES– Decisions taken in COP16 and 17: The MRV landscape –Elsa Hatanaka

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO/CGER/NIES), Japan

Abstract
COP13 (Bali) decided to address enhanced national/international action on mitigation ofclimate change, including, inter alia, consideration of: 1) measurable, reportable and verifiablenationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions, including quantified emission
limitation and reduction objectives, by all developed country Parties, while ensuring thecomparability of efforts among them, taking into account differences in their national
circumstances, and 2) nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties
in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing
and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner.
COP15 (Copenhagen), at which the above work was to be concluded in the AWG-LCA,
did not manage to reach a conclusion, but the following COP16 (Cancun) managed to bring
forth pledges of economy-wide emission reduction targets for 2020 by developed countries,
and pledges of nationally appropriate mitigation actions to be implemented for 2020 bydeveloping countries. With these pledges, came a strong call to enhance transparency of 1)
progress towards the achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets bydeveloped countries, and 2) mitigation actions by developing countries and their effects. It isagainst this backdrop that various important decisions were taken on MRV issues in Cancun
and Durban (COP17) as the following:
For developed countries, reporting of National Communications (NCs) is now to be done
every four years, and reporting of Biennial Reports (BRs) is to be done every two years, both
agreed upon in Durban. BRs are subject to International Assessment and Review asdetermined in Cancun. For developing countries, reporting of NCs is now to be done every
four years, and reporting of Biennial Update Reports (BURs) is to be done every two years, as
agreed upon in Cancun and Durban, respectively. BURs are subject to International
Consultation and Analysis as determined in Cancun.
Other recent developments surrounding inventory issues include the revision of the
UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Annex I countries. COP17 adopted
the revised Guidelines for trial use, and following the release of the revised CRF Reporter
based on the revised reporting guidelines, Annex I countries are to start the trial use on a
voluntary basis. This is to enable the further refinement of the guidelines and CRF Reporter,
to be done in the latter half of 2013, prior to COP19 when the guidelines will be officiallyadopted. With the final decision by COP19, the 2006 IPCC Guidelines will be the designatedmethodological guidelines for AI reporting under the Convention from April 2015.
As stated above, the reporting requirements have been enhanced for both developed
countries and developing countries, and inventory-making will be at the core for both NCs
and B(U)Rs. A large workload is foreseen for the inventory community, and early planning isurgently needed.
References
Annex I-IV of Decision 2/CP.17, Annex I of Decision 15/CP.1745
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4. Abstracts
4. Abstracts– Review the past, Proposal for the future of WGIA-activity –Junko Akagi

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO/CGER/NIES), Japan

Abstract
Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA) has started its history in 2003 responding
to the international needs of an information exchange forum on the preparation of national
GHG inventories for efficiently improving the inventory quality of Non-Annex I (NAI)
Parties. About 30 experts from 11 countries in Asia and 2 international organizations attended
the 1st workshop. Since then, the number of participating countries and participants has
increased in response to the growing attention to the climate change issues. Currently 14
countries are involved in the WGIA and about 140 experts are expected to be present at the
WGIA10.
The workshop has dealt with a wide range of topics related to the inventory taking into
account the requests by participants, international needs, etc. Besides, participants updated
every year the progress made by the neighboring countries in their inventory preparation as
well as the outcomes of international negotiations. The continuous activities of WGIA musthave indirectly contributed to the improvements in the inventory quality of the member
countries. The comparison study between Initial and Second National Communications (INC
and SNC) revealed that the inventories of most member countries have significantly enhanced
especially from the point of view of completeness (e.g., coverage of gases, categories, years).
Regardless of such improvements, challenges and constraints still remain in all countries.
In addition, issues related to the sustainable inventory development may soon be raised, sincemore frequent submission of inventory than ever before in the form of biennial update reports(BUR) are required for NAI Parties from 2014 on.
The workshop is planned to be held continuously and will try to set timely agenda taking
into account the requests by member countries. In order to make the workshop moremeaningful by covering appropriate agenda items and to run the workshop more smoothly, the
WGIA Secretariat proposes the draft Terms of Reference (TOR) on the occasion of the 10th
anniversary of the workshop. The TOR clearly defines the conventional activities andproposes two new bodies which would support the workshop. The next workshop is planned
to be held in accordance with the TOR, if the Secretariat does not obtain any objections by theend of October 2012.
My presentation will review the past WGIA-activity; show the results of the INC and
SNC comparison study of member countries; and propose the draft TOR and related schedule
until the next workshop.
References
Initial and second national communications of WGIA member countries
Presentations and proceedings of WGIA1-9
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Development in Asia - Experiences from Workshops on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia Access to relevant information
http://unfccc.int/2860.php
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wgiaindex-e.html
4.3 Session II46
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CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

4.3.1 Session II-1

Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia
– Overview – Using the New IPCC Software –Simon Eggleston

IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Abstract
The Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) part of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has now produced new inventory
software to assist countries in the compilation, documentation and archiving of the national
greenhouse gas emission inventories. This software is useful for estimating emissions
whatever reporting framework is used. While the software is based on the IPCC 2006
Guidelines (IPCC 2006) it can, and is, being used by those reporting according to the earlier
Revised 1996 Guidelines (IPCC 1997).
The 2006 Guidelines update and revise earlier IPCC guidance and both volumes of thelater IPCC Good Practice Guidance (GPG) (IPCC 2000; IPCC 2003). The new 2006
guidelines contain many improvements and updates that are valuable and can be used byinventory compilers however they report. The 2006 Guidelines include many revised default
emission factors. Another improvement is the removal of the potential emission methods. The
new methods give an estimate of actual annual emissions at Tier 1 which can be improved as
more data is collected.
The new software includes all the improvements in the 2006 Guidelines. It also has anumber of improvements compared to earlier emission inventory software. It is stand-alone
and not dependent on particular versions of MS Windows or Office. It includes default
emission factors that can be over-written with country specific data. It is based on theworksheets and so gives clear indication of how the calculations are made and includes
additional features such as the reference method, used for QA/QC of energy use; uncertainty
assessment; key category analysis used to guide methodological choice and various input andoutput features. The TFI will continue to support the new software through its website, webforms and user guides.
References
IPCC (1997). Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Inventories. Meira Filho L.G., Lim
B., Tréanton K., Mamaty I., Bonduki Y., Griggs D.J. and Callander B.A. Houghton J.T. Paris,
IPCC/OECD/IEA.
IPCC (2000). Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories. Kruger D., Galbally I., Hiraishi T., Nyenzi B., Emmanuel S., Buendia L., Hoppaus R.,
Martinsen T., Meijer J., Miwa K., Tanabe K., Penman J. . Hayama Japan, IGES.
IPCC (2003). Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, land-Use Change and Forestry Gytarsky M., HiraishiT., Krug, T., Kruger D., Pipatti R., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T., Tanabe K., Wagner F.,
Penman J. Hayama Japan, IGES.
IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Eggleston H.S., Buendia L.,
Miwa K., Ngara T., Tanabe K Hayama Japan, IGES.
Access to relevant information
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/new.html

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4. Abstracts

4.3.2 Session II-2

Initial National Communication (INC) Project in Myanmar
Dr. Khin Lay Swe

Rtd. Pro-Rector, Team Leader, National GHG Inventory and Mitigation Options Analysis Team,INC Project

Abstract
Myanmar has an estimated population of 59.1 million, consisting of diverse ethnic groups
that collectively speak over 100 languages and dialects. Myanmar is at an historic stage in its
development and continues to experience rapid changes. A new Constitution was adopted in
May 2008, national elections were held in November 2010, and key bi-elections held in April
2012. Parliaments and governments have been formed at the national and region/state levels.
The new Constitution provides for the basic principles of democracy; rule of law and humanrights, and for the separation of powers between the executive, legislature and judiciary. The
President has set out a reform agenda focusing on good governance and ensuring fundamental
rights, and a number of reforms have already been undertaken. It is generally considered thatthese developments represent a unique opportunity for Myanmar to place itself on a path ofsustainable, inclusive development.
In order to form a central body to coordinate the environmental affairs with national
economic development, the National Commission for Environmental Affairs (NCEA) wasestablished in 1990 under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. NCEA was relocated under the
Ministry of Forestry in 2004 to be chaired by the minister for the Ministry of Forestry. It was
responsible for development of policies and strategies, programmes of action, andmanagement and coordination of all activities related to climate change issues in Myanmar.
Responsibilities for policy formulation and implementation are also dispersed among several
ministries and agencies, local and provincial authorities. Climate change issues should bemanaged as a unity rather than through a sector-by-sector approach. Implementation of theidentified measures will also require good coordination among ministries and agencies.
However, there is weak coordination of sectoral actions, and responsibilities are not clearly
defined between sectors. The NCEA was abolished and the National Environmental
Conservation Committee (NECC) was formed on 20th April 2011. Under the agreement at
the second regular session of the first Pyidaungsu Hluttw, the Republic of Union of Myanmar
issued the notification that Ministry of Forestry was renamed into the Ministry ofEnvironmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF) on 6th September, 2011. Under thisissue, environmental affairs will be taken into action more promptly and effectively by thedesignated Ministry. The establishment of new Department of Environmental Conservation
was approved by the Government and at the moment it is under the recruiting process.
National GHG Inventory team successfully conducted national GHG inventories for thebase year 2000 by using 2006 IPCC guidelines. It covered five sectors, namely energy,
industrial processes and product use, agriculture, forestry and other land use, and waste
sectors. According to the INC draft report, total emission was estimated to be 74,358 Gg CO2e of which the GHG emissions by the land use change and forestry sector was the largest
portion (54 %) among all sectors. However, carbon removal by this sector accounted for
142,221 GgCO2- e from the atmosphere so that the country’s net emissions turned out to be anegative value of 67,863 GgCO2- e (- 67.8 million tons of CO2). In line with IPCC 2006
methodology, the figures do not include emissions due to small-scale use of wood fuels or due
to forest clearance, which together form a major source of greenhouse gases. Myanmar can be48
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considered a net negative emitter of greenhouse gases, due to the fact that its forests absorb
more greenhouse gases than are emitted from other sources. In the future, as Myanmar
develops, emissions due to energy use, transport, industrial processes, agriculture and waste
are likely to grow, potentially very rapidly. The large area of deforestation was encountered in
Myanmar but the deforested areas by various causes, such as illegal logging and land usechange patterns cannot be available. Moreover, the data on actual biomass burning during
land use change (e.g., shifting cultivation, land clearing, etc.) and actual areas burnt (e.g.,forest fire) annually were still lacking. In the draft report, GHG emissions from all sectors
during 2000-2005 shows rising trends because of the emerging economic development
activities in transportation, energy and industries, commercial production of agriculture andlivestock breeding and etc. For example, due to the increased sown area and domestic animals
and more fertilizer inputs will promote the GHG emissions. Moreover, the trend of GHG
removal indicated the constant decline because of decrease in natural forest area.

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4. Abstracts

Inventory and Mitigation for Methane Emissions from Livestockin Indonesia
Idat Galih Permana, Suryahadi and Rizaldi Boer

Centre for Climate Risk and Opportunity Management-Bogor Agricultural University,
Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract
Livestock contribute on methane emission to environment. Methane is produced as part of
the normal digestion process of ruminant animal. In Indonesia, methane produce from beef
cattle, dairy cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, local chicken, broiler, layer and duck. The
distribution of the population is mainly in Java, Sumatera and Sulawesi. In this study, methane
emissions from livestock were estimated according to IPCC Guideline (2006). In order tomake more accurate, the population of dairy cattle, beef cattle and buffalo are corrected byanimal population structure from survey result conducting by Biro Pusat Statistik (2006).
Base on the population structure, the correction factors (k(T)) for beef cattle, dairy cattle, andbuffalo are 0.72, 0.75 and 0.72 respectively.
The averaged total methane emission from enteric fermentation during 2000-2006 was
596.07 Gg. The emission decreased slightly from 607.89 Gg in 2000 to 594.83 Gg in 2006. In
term of total methane emission from livestock, enteric fermentation contributed 89%.
Methane emission from enteric fermentation was largely dominated by the beef cattle of morethan 11 million animal unit (AU) contributing 62.8%. The second largest came from buffaloes(16.0%), and the third is goat (10.4%).
Methane emission from manure management in 2000 was 79.69 Gg. The methane
emission from manure management was smaller compared to enteric fermentation. Methane
emission from manure management was dominated by pig contributing 46.1%, followed bydairy cattle (10.3%) and beef cattle contributed the third largest emission (10.2%). East Java
Province as the largest contributor produce 9.72 Gg (12.2%) followed by Central Java
Province (8.0 Gg, 12.2%) and North Sumatera Province 7.7 Gg, 1.9%).
GHG mitigation technologies applied in Indonesia. For their broadly applications,socialization and extension services should be provided. To make the program work properly,
there is a need for extension services specialized on mitigation technologies. Priority of
mitigation technology is chosen according to following steps: a) Technology criteria: thetechnology should be applicable, low cost and have direct benefit to the farmer; 2) Simple for
its arrangement; 3) Technology can be conducted by local institution such as cooperative; 4)
Effective in increasing agriculture productivity as well as mitigating GHG emission; and 5)
Integration to other agriculture development program. Base on the criteria above, the main
livestock methane mitigation program should be focused on increasing of beef and dairy
cattle efficiencies (reducing methane per unit product). In general, four methane mitigations
program have been advised as fundamentals strategies: feeding quality improvement,
supplementation, long-term breeding program and bioenergy from animal sewage.
References
Biro Pusat Statistik. 2006. Statistik Peternakan. Jakarta
IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry
and Other Land Use. The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Hayama,
Japan.
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CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

Greenhouse Gases Inventory in Agricultural Sector of Thailand
Worapong Waramit

Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand

Abstract
The present greenhouse gases inventory in agricultural sector of Thailand was carried out
by the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning for the Second
National Communication submitted to the UNFCCC. The process was guided by the National
Climate Change Committee and supervised by the Project Steering Committee. The inventory
describes greenhouse gases status of the year 2000-2004. It follows the UNFCCC reporting
guideline which was adopted by Decision 17 of COP8; the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for
National GHG Inventory; the 2000 IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty
Management; and the 2003 Good Practice Guidance for Land-Use Change and Forestry. In
the year 2000, the greenhouse gases emission from agricultural sector in form of carbon
dioxide equivalent accounts for 51.88 million ton or 22.6 percent of the total emission of thecountry which is the second shares after the energy sector. With the limitation of data
availability and quality, mainly from the department of livestock and the Office ofAgricultural Economics, the tier 1 methodology was solely used for agricultural soils, while
the tier2 methodology was applied with the other four sub-sectors. Four different types ofgreenhouse gases from agricultural activities are reported. They are methane, nitrous oxide,
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. The most significant greenhouse gas emitted fromagricultural sector is methane from rice cultivation, enteric fermentation, manure management
and field burning of agricultural residues. Nitrous oxide is from agricultural soils, manure
management, and field burning of agricultural residues while both carbon monoxide andnitrogen oxides are from field burning of agricultural residues. Considering the share in the
total amount of greenhouse gases produced from agricultural sector, in form of carbon dioxide
equivalent, the biggest share is from rice cultivation. Enteric fermentation is the second.
Agricultural soils, manure management, and field burning of agricultural residues are the third,
the fourth, and the fifth respectively. Changes in terms of the total amount of emission of bothmethane and nitrous oxide gases from the year 2000 to 2004 were estimated in between 51-56
TgCO2 eq. These little changes are from the observation from almost constant figures of
harvesting areas of rice cultivation as well as the areas calculated for N2O emission fromagricultural soils. Considering experience gained from the inventory, recommendation forimprovement was proposed to make available more detailed data as well as to improveknowledge and to develop standardized fraction burning values for calculation purposes.
References
Thailand’s Second National Communication under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, April 2011.

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4. Abstracts

Greenhouse gas emission from China cropland
Shenghui Han

Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS), China

Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of cropland is one of important GHG sources due tohuman being activities. In China, rice paddy is a major anthropogenic methane (CH4) source
and agricultural land is a major nitrous oxide (N2O).
In 1994 inventory, the total annual methane emission from paddy fields of theregion/nation was equal to the CH4 emission factor of different rice field multiplied by thecorresponding rice harvested area and then summed them up to obtain the national CH4emission from paddy field. The paddy fields are divided into four types: early (late) rice of
double rice, single rice and winter water flooded rice field (paddy field with year roundflooding). The CH4 emission factor is simulated by CH4 MOD model for early rice, late riceand single rice with spatial resolution 10km10km. The model CH4 MOD has been
recommended as Tier 3 in 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
And CH4 emission from winter water flooded rice field in non-rice planting is directly
roughly calculated by CH4 emission factor multiplying area of winter water field.
The total nitrous oxide emissions from cropland are including direct emission and indirectemission, which is equal to the nitrogen input of a specific nitrogen process multiplied by its
corresponding N2O emission factor. Nitrogen source is mainly including nitrogen fertilizer,
returning residues, manure application and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF, which is
excluding in nitrogen source in 2006 IPCC guideline). China is divided into six regions
according to climate belt and crop planting regime, and each region has its own major
cropland type. Nitrogen input of each type of cropland is calculated with a regional nitrogen
cycling model IAP-N. The N2O direct emission factor by cropland type is summarized fromfield observation covering 13 provinces of China. The N2O indirect emission from croplands
is adopting the IPCC method and its default emission factors.
References
Huang, Y., W. Zhang, X. H. Zheng, J. Li, Y. Q. Yu. Modeling methane emission from ricepaddies with various agricultural practices. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109,
D08113, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004401.
Zheng X. H., Fu, C. B., Xu, X. K., Yan, X. Y., Huang, Y., Han, S. H., Hu, F. and Chen, G. X.,
The Asian nitrogen cycle case study, Ambio, 31, 79-87, 2002.
Zheng, Xunhua, Shenghui Han, Yao Huang, Yuesi Wang． Re-quantifying the Emission
Factors Based on Field Measurements and Estimating the Direct N2O Emission from
Chinese Croplands．Global Biogeochemical Cycles，18：doi：10.1029/2003GB002167，
2004．
Zheng, X., B. Mei, Y. H. Wang, B. Xie, Y.S. Wang, H. Dong, H. Xu, G. Chen, Z. Cai, J. Yue,
J. Gu, F. Su, J. Zou, J. Zhu. Quantification of N2O fluxes from soil-plant systems may bebiased by the applied gas chromatograph methodology. Plant and Soil, 2008, 311,
211-314.
Zheng, X., C. Liu C, S. Han. Description and application of a model for simulating regional
nitrogen cycling and calculating nitrogen flux Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2008,25(2): 181-201.
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SNC: Gaps, Challenges and Improvements for the GHG Inventory of theAgriculture and LUCF Sectors
Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog

Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna Philippines
4031

Abstract
The GHG inventory component of the Philippine Second National Communication (SNC)
was based on the inventory year 2000. Institutionalizing the GHG inventory process isimportant in order for the Philippines to have a regular, more accurate and sustainable
compilation of the national GHG inventory. In the process of compiling the 2000 GHG
inventory, the method used was documented and written in manual form, to serve as a
step-by-step guide for each sector. A database for the 2000 Philippine GHG inventory,
including worksheets and documentation was hosted online.
The Philippine 2000 GHG inventory for the Agriculture and LUCF sectors werecompletely based on the methodologies provided in the 1996 IPCC Guidelines. Most of themethodologies and assumptions were based on Tier 1 approach, except for methane emission
from rice where country-specific emission factors were used. Lack of more disaggregatedactivity data and country-specific emission factors makes it difficult to be able to move to ahigher tier. There is a gap in having country-specific emission factors for livestock, residue
burning and agricultural soils.
Inventory for the LUCF sector relied mainly on the Forestry Statistics published by the
Forest Management Bureau. Biomass density, carbon density and carbon content values
used were from the results of studies conducted in the Philippines. Issues raised for the GHG
inventory for the LUCF sector include extrapolations on land use data, revision of thedefinition of forest, new classification of the Philippine forests, biomass density value used
after land use conversion for second growth forests.
Further disaggregation and improvement of activity data in the agriculture sector
including area of grassland in the Philippines and the management practices applied,grassland area burned, estimates of direct N2O emissions from soils due to the application ofsynthetic fertilizers, and area of organic soils (histosols) drained for agricultural production,and management of agricultural residues to fit the GHG inventory requirements. For future
inventory, attempt must be done to use higher tier for key categories which include CH4
emission from enteric fermentation, CH4 and N2O emission from manure management, CH4emission from cultivation and N2O emission from agricultural soils.
Major agricultural research agencies and universities can be consulted to assist future
inventory compilers in developing country-specific emission factors.

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4. Abstracts

Monte Carlo Simulation of Uncertainty Analysis
for National GHG Inventories
Lam Tzeng Yih, Kyeong-hak Lee, and Raehyun KIM
Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI)

Abstract
Uncertainty estimates are an essential element of a complete inventory greenhouse gas
emission and removals. The Monte Carlo method (Approach 2; IPCC 2006) is considered for
uncertainty analysis of LULUCF sector in the Republic of Korea. The Monte Carlo method
has several advantages over the Propagation of Error method (Approach 1; IPCC 2006). It isparticularly suitable when the input parameters have (a) large uncertainties, (b) non-Gaussian
distribution, (c) complex calculation algorithm, (d) correlations among themselves, and (d)variable uncertainties in the trend. Development of uncertainty analysis program is starting todevelop uncertainty analysis framework based on the recommendations from IPCC GLs forthe case of South Korea to achieve consistent uncertainty calculation for future reporting. This
program is built in the R, the open source statistical software so that the program is not
limited by licensing and applicable to developing countries to assist uncertainty analysis in
their greenhouse gas report to IPCC and to assist knowledge transfer.

The process of carrying out uncertainty analysis for all carbon pools. There are several
options are available to methods and categories. As you could see, the graphing window
contains several options to help visualize the results. At the minimum, a histogram of thesimulated carbon content value was displayed. The thick blue line overlaying the histogram isthe empirical kernel density curve. Above the histogram, basic information was presented
including the title that informs the user what the carbon estimate is, mean carbon stock andrelative error in %.
References
Alfons, A., Templ, M., Filzmoser, P. 2010. An object-oriented framework for statisticalsimulation: The R package simFrame. Journal of Statistical Software 37(3): 1-36.
R Development Core Team. 2011. R: A language and environment for statistical computing.
R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0.
IPCC. 2006. Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting. Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies (IGES), Hayama, Japan.
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Developing a Sustainable AFOLU GHG System
Elizabeth Philip1, Yen Mee Chong1 and Abdul Rahim Nik2
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52 109 Kepong, Selangor
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Putrajaya

AbstractMoving from the Initial National Communication to Second National Communication(NC2), a couple of lessons were learnt and steps were taken to improve the short comings of
INC. Institutionalizing the national GHG inventory process together with capacity building
were some of the actions taken towards developing a sustainable system. Although second
liners were also trained during the NC2 period, some of them have moved on to either
different positions or on study leave. We are still exploring a workable system.
In the NC2, Malaysia used the1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines while for the NC3,
Malaysia hopes to use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Moving from activity based to land based
accounting is a daunting task especially when land use data are not updated consistently oreasily accessible. Currently, a Land use template is being developed so that this information
would be reported on an annual basis by the respective stakeholders. Developing the template
has been tedious, as land use information is not well documented in some areas.
Some of the challenges faced are the tracking multiple land use especially in croplands.
Additionally, tracking the land use in private owned farm in the some states are equallydifficult. Another issue that is being raised is the soil classification especially the wetlands.
Would a 30 year old drained peatland continue to be a peatland currently? The paper willaddress how some of the challenges are addressed.

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4. Abstracts

4.4 Session III– Challenges for Development of GHG Inventory: Experiences of JICA
Technical Cooperation –Naoki Mori
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Abstract
The presentation focuses on some of the critical issues in supporting development of
National GHG Inventory, based on our experiences of 2 projects which are ongoing in
Vietnam and Indonesia.
4 massages are delivered;(1) Capacity development aspects in the process of development of GHG inventory
should be more focused on. JICA believes that since it is important to establish thereliable and self-reliant system after completion of the inventory, the human resource
development should be started from the initial stages of design and develop the system
for national GHG inventory.
(2) Strong commitment on climate change by the government is fundamental.
Tasks on GHG inventory are additional to routine work by line ministries andagencies. They require additional staffing and budget with good guidance. These
supports could not be materialized without strong commitment by the government.
(3) Sustainability of the system to operate GHG inventory should be secured. Inorder to secure the sustainability of the system, the cooperation mechanism amongline ministries and agencies and self-improving mechanism, in particular, should be
carefully designed and implemented. Along with the regulations and guidance tooperate the system, it is important to share the understanding among related ministries
and agencies of tangible merits of the inventory and to provide them some incentives
including training or learning opportunity.
(4) Sharing clearer vision how to utilize the inventory toward value added activities
is an important motivation for multi-stakeholders cooperation. National GHG
inventory is a useful tool not only for understanding the level of the GHG emissions
but for a basis of development and implementation of mitigation policies andmeasures including NAMAs in MRV manner. Preparation of NAMAs is expected tomobilize financing both internationally and domestically for its implementation in
future.
Access to relevant information
http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/climate_change/index.html

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CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES– Overview of US Government Programs –Mausami Desai

United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA, located in Washington D.C., United States)

Abstract
Southeast Asian countries have made considerable progress in preparing their greenhousegas inventories that are consistent with the requirements of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines/guidance on GHG inventory development. However, gaps
in institutional capacity, methodological issues and data quality still need to be addressed to
improve their national GHG inventories, which will be prepared on a more regular basis ascomponents of both National Communications and Biennial Update Reports to the UNFCCC.
This Project is based on the lessons learned and challenges gained in implementing thePhase 1 of the “Regional Capacity Building for Sustainable National Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Management Systems in Southeast Asia or SEA GHG Project.” Phase II is designed
to build upon the experience gained by Southeast Asian countries in preparing their Second
National Communications to the UNFCCC. Six countries are participating in Phase II of the
project: Cambodia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
The Project has five technical assistance components (e.g. national GHG systems totargeted improvements to Agriculture), one optional (Mitigation Analysis), which if
implemented, will strengthen each country’s institutional arrangements, functions, and ability
to manage their GHG inventory. It will also enhance the technical capacity of each of thecountries personnel by improving methodological choices in the selection of the appropriate
methods, activity data, and emission factors, thus leading to the development of improved andsustainable inventory management systems in Southeast Asia. The knowledge andexperiences that will be obtained by participation of the countries in the Project will also
support the preparation of their next and subsequent National Communications to the
UNFCCC, and provide a foundation to support MRV systems (monitoring, reporting, andverification) of future climate change programs in Southeast Asian countries. Phase 2 of the
Project will also provide a basis for supporting development of low-emission development
strategies (LEDS), and nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs), in Southeast
Asian countries, in the context of sustainable development.
My presentation will review objectives and components of Phase II, activities to date andplans moving forward.
References
Fact Sheet on EPA, USAID GHG Inventory Capacity Building Efforts
UNFCCC Project Document
Access to relevant information
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/EPAactivities/internationalpartnerships/capacity-building.
html

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4. Abstracts– Overview of US Government Programs –Orestes Anastasia

United States Agency for International Development Regional Development Mission for Asia
(USAID/RDMA, located in Bangkok, Thailand), United States

Abstract
The United States Government supports a range of activities that help build capacity indeveloping greenhouse gas inventories in the Asia region. This support falls within a broader
global effort by the US Government to support the development of low emission development
strategies (LEDS), which developing countries have been encouraged to develop since the
Copenhagen Accord in 2009.
LEDS involve a country-led, comprehensive process that includes all economic sectors to
identify opportunities for promoting economic growth while also reducing GHG
emissions—with the goal of "decoupling" growth from emissions. Thus, LEDS is a core partof efforts to promote green growth. National GHG inventories are a critical part of LEDS in
helping governments assess current conditions and improve planning and decision-making
associated with emissions sources and options for identifying emission reductions. In supportof LEDS, several US Government agencies, including USAID, the US State Department, andUS EPA, support a worldwide initiative called Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission
Development Strategies, or EC-LEDS, which has included the creation of new EC-LEDS
partnerships between the US and Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam, and discussions
are underway to establish agreements with additional Asian countries.
With funding from USAID, USEPA’s support for the UNFCCC Regional capacity
building for sustainable national greenhouse gas inventory management systems in Southeast
Asia Phase II (SEA GHG Project) is an important part of the US contribution to strengthen
GHG inventories in the region. The US Government also supports efforts to strengthen GHG
inventories through USAID’s regional Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program,which works closely with USEPA to complement efforts under the SEA GHG Project and "fillgaps" in technical areas not already being addressed, and which will be supporting efforts toimprove a number of sub-national inventories. Other programs help address specificchallenges related to carbon monitoring in forests. USAID’s regional Lowering Emissions in
Asia’s Forests (LEAF) Program supports capacity building in forest carbon monitoring, andsimilarly a multi-agency program called SilvaCarbon addresses forest carbon stock and flow
estimation, mapping, and remote sensing.
References
Fact Sheets on EC-LEDS Initiative, LEAD Program, LEAF Program, and SilvaCarbon
ProgramAccess to relevant information
http://www.usaid.gov/rdma
http://www.lowemissionsasia.org (in development)
http://en.openei.org

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Inventory systems and carbon markets: the Australian story
Rob Sturgiss
Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Australia

Abstract
Australia is among world leaders in greenhouse gas emissions inventory systems andmeasurement, reporting and verification. We have over two decades of experience indeveloping a unique, integrated and comprehensive inventory system which accounts forgreenhouse gas emission and sequestration at all levels from national to company-level.
Australia has developed customised IT systems, data collection systems and methodologies
capable of supporting these national inventory systems and supporting Carbon Pricing andEmissions Trading systems.
On 1 July, 2012, Australia’s Carbon Pricing Mechanism was launched as a driving force
in meeting national mitigation commitments and contributing to global mitigation. The
mechanism has been designed to promote emissions trading opportunities, post-2015, andAustralia will be looking to purchase carbon credits. Australia recognises the importance of
establishing national inventory systems as part of measurement, reporting and verification andhas the knowledge, experience and expertise to assist others in achieving this as a step
towards engaging in carbon markets. As such, Australia has developed an MRV capacity
development program to assist countries that are interested in developing robust andtransparent methodologies, data collection and data management systems.
References
MRV capacity development modules – sharing Australian MRV expertise
Access to relevant informationwww.climatechange.gov.au/emissions59
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4. Abstracts

Develop Sustainable Low-Carbon Society Scenarios by Simulation Models– In the case of Vietnam and its implementation to Asia –Junichi Fujino*1, Yumiko Asayama*1, Nguyen Tung Lam*2, Nguyen Thai Hoa*3
1) NIES, Japan, 2) ISPONRE, Vietnam, 3) Kyoto University, Japan

Abstract
Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment (ISPONRE),
Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE) in the Government of Vietnam
organized the workshop on “Exploring Potential for Low Carbon Society” in Vietnam on May
31, 2012 at the Gland Plaza Hotel, Hanoi. It was implemented with the support of Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA); International Research Network for Low Carbon
Societies (LCS-RNet) Secretariat/Institute of Global Environment Strategies (IGES); National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES); and Kyoto University. 70 people from therelevant government officials, academics, NGOs, and donor agencies participated in theWorkshop.
The objective of the Workshop was to identify the methodologies for sustainable Low
Carbon Society (LCS) in Vietnam and exchange opinions to explore their usefulness andchallenges. The Workshop introduced the National Climate Change Strategies and the draft ofGreen Growth Strategies in Vietnam. It also delivered the study outcome, “A Low Carbon
Society Development Towards 2030 in Vietnam,” which was conducted collaboratively by
ISPONRE, IMHEN, Water Resources University in Vietnam and Kyoto University, NIES, andJICA. It estimates GHG emissions and mitigations in the sectors of Energy and Agriculture,
Forestry and Other Land use sectors (AFOLU), showing Vietnam’s socio-economic scenario
in 2030.
The LCS scenario study in Vietnam is analyzed using the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model(AIM), which is a group of computer models developed by a team composed of members
from NIES, Kyoto University, and several research institutes in the Asian-Pacific region. It is
the first set of models focused on the Asian region initially undertaken in 1990. The outcome
of LCS Scenario Study is updated from the preliminary study which was implemented by an
AIM Project Team in February 2010. The participants expected that the AIM will be the key
methodology and the LCS Scenario Study in Vietnam will be useful to develop Nationally
Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA), monitoring the National Climate Change Strategies
and the draft of Green Growth Strategies.
In the panel discussion, participants discussed the necessity of research at both macro andmicro levels which would assist in consensus building among different stakeholders. The
importance of such research was discussed in terms of the necessity of introducing sustainableeconomic structure and suitable technology options which would bring about thesocio-economic benefits while reducing the GHG emissions in Vietnam. The panel also
discussed the financial support and capacity development for Vietnam’s society in line with its
needs. The participants emphasized the necessity of collaborative work among different
stakeholders towards building a sustainable LCS, making use of the lessons learned from pastexperiences. These lessons should be shared not only inside Vietnam but among Asian
countries.
Access to relevant information
http://2050.nies.go.jp (this website includes Vietnam LCS Scenario and other Asian scenarios)60
─ 60 ─

Annex I: Agenda

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

Annex I: Agenda
Day 0* Morning (For Mutual Learning), Tuesday 10th July
08:30-12:00

08:30-12:00

Mutual Learning on Agriculture / Indonesia and Vietnam
Room: SONG THAO
Chair: Dr. Junko Akagi (GIO)
Rapporteur: Mr. Hiroshi Ito
Co-Chair: Mr. Kohei Sakai (GIO)(JICA Indonesia)
Mutual Learning on Waste / China and Korea
Room: SONG DA
Chair: Mr. Hiroyuki Ueda (MURC)
Rapporteur: Ms. Masako White(GIO)

Day 0* Afternoon (For Mutual Learning / SEA GHG Project meeting), Tuesday 10th July
13:30-17:00

13:30-17:00

Mutual Learning on Energy / Cambodia and Thailand
Room: SONG THAO
Chair: Dr. Yuriko Hayabuchi (GIO)
Rapporteur: Mr. Akira Osako(GIO)
Mutual Learning on Industrial Processes / Indonesia and Japan
Room : SONG DA
Chair: Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Rapporteur: Ms. Elsa Hatanaka(GIO)

13:30-17:00

SEA GHG Project meeting

08:00-08:30

Day 1 Morning, Wednesday 11th July
Participants Registration* Day 0, 10 July: Just for limited participants

08:30-09:30

Opening Session
Chair: Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)

08:30-08:35
08:35-08:40

Mr. Shinsuke Oda (MOEJ)
Mr. Nguyen Khac Hieu
(DMHCC)
Dr. Keizo Hirai (GIO)
Mr. Michihiro Oi (MOEJ)
Mr. Nguyen Minh Bao (DMHCC)

08:40-08:50
08:50-09:10
09:10-09:30
09:30-10:00
10:00-11:30

Room: SONG LO

Grand Ballroom
Rapporteur: Mr. Luong Quang
Huy (DMHCC)
Welcome address
Welcome address“Overview of WGIA10”“Japan's climate change policies”“Introduction of Mitigation Options for
GHG emissions in Vietnam”
Group Photo & Tea BreakSession I: NC updating and discussion on WGIA- activity
Grand Ballroom
Chair: Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES)
Rapporteur: Dr. Junko Akagi(GIO)
10:00- 10:10 Mr. Dominique Revet“Update on non-Annex I National(UNFCCC)
Communications”61─ 61 ─

Annex I: Agenda
Annex I

10:10-10:25

Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (India)

10:25-10:40

Dr. Sang Won Lee (Republic ofKorea)
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Dr. Junko Akagi (GIO)

10:40-11:05
11:05-11:30“Update on India' s National
Communication”“Korea’s 3rd NC and GHG Inventory in2009”“Decisions taken in COP16 and 17”“Review the past, Proposal for the futureof WGIA-activity”
Lunch

11:30-13:30
13:30-17:00

Day 1 Afternoon, Breakout Groups, Wednesday 11th July
Session II-1: Hands-on Training using the new IPCC Inventory
Software

Grand Ballroom and SONG DA

Chair: Dr. Simon Eggleston (IPCC TFIRapporteur: Dr. Keizo Hirai
TSU)
(GIO)
13:30- 13:45 Dr. Simon Eggleston
Overview (Grand Ballroom)(IPCC TFI TSU)
13:45- 16:00 Dr. Keizo Hirai (GIO)
Energy/IPPU (Grand Ballroom)
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe(Tea Break(IPCC TFI TSU)
Waste (SONG DA)
Included)
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)
Dr. Jamsranjav Baasansuren
16:00- 17:00 (IPCC TFI TSU)
Results-analysis and Discussion
All of Session II-1
(Grand Ballroom)
Session II-2: Discussion on AFOLUSONG THAO & SONG
LO
Chair: Dr. Damasa Magcale Macandog
Rapporteur: Dr. Khin Lay Swe(Philippines)(Myanmar)
13:30- 13:40 Mr. Kohei Sakai (GIO)“Introductory Presentation”
13:40- 17:00 Dr. Khin Lay Swe (Myanmar)”National GHG Inventory in Myanmar”
Dr. Idat Galih Permana“Inventory and Mitigation for Methane(Tea Break(Indonesia)
Emissions from Livestock in Indonesia”
Included)
Mr. Worapong Waramit“Greenhouse
Gases
Inventoryin(Thailand)
Agricultural Sector of Thailand”
Dr. Shenghui Han (China)“Greenhouse gas emission from China
croplands”
Dr. Damasa Magcale Macandog ”Philippine SNC: Gaps, Challenges and(Philippines)
Improvements for the GHG Inventory of
the Agriculture and LUCF Sector”
Dr. Kyeong-hak Lee“Monte Carlo Uncertainty Analysis(Republic of Korea)
Program”
Dr. Elizabeth M.P. Philip“Developing a Sustainable AFOLU GHG(Malaysia)
System”
All of Session II-2
Discussion
13:30-17:00

17:00-

Reception Dinner62
─ 62 ─

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

08:00-10:30

08:00-08:30
08:30-09:00
09:00-09:30
09:30-10:00
10:00-10:30
10:30-10:45
10:45-11:45
10:45-11:00
11:00-11:15
11:15-11:30
11:30-11:45
11:45-13:30
13:30-16:10
13:30-13:45
13:45-14:00
14:00-14:20
14:20-14:40
14:40-15:00

Day 2 Thursday 12th July
Session III: Presentations by donors and international organization
SONG HONG Grandballroom
Chair: Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC)
Rapporteur: Mr. Akihiro Tamai(GIO)
Mr. Naoki Mori (JICA)“Challenges in development of GHG
inventory-Experiences from JICA
technical cooperation”
Ms. Mausami Desai (USEPA/“Update on SEA GHG Project Phase II”
SEA GHG Project)
Mr. Orestes Anastasia (USAID)“Overview of US Government Programs”
Mr. Rob Sturgiss (DCCEE)“Inventory systems and carbon markets –Dr. Junichi Fujino (NIES)
the Australian story ”“Future Low Carbon Society Scenarios in
Vietnam and Asia”
Tea BreakWrap-up Session-2
ballroom
Chair: Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)
Mr. Nguyen Minh Bao(DMHCC)
Dr. Junko Akagi (GIO)
Dr. Keizo Hirai (GIO)
Dr. Khin Lay Swe (Myanmar)
Mr. Akihiro Tamai (GIO)

15:00-15:15
15:15-16:00
16:00-16:05
16:05-16:10

SONG HONG GrandWrap-up Session-1
ballroom
Chair: Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (JICA Indonesia)
Ms. Masako White (GIO)
Mr. Akira Osako (GIO)
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)

Summary of ML1: Agriculture
Summary of ML2: Waste
Summary of ML3: Energy
Summary of ML4: Industrial Processes
Lunch
SONG HONG Grand
Summary of Opening Session
Summary of Session I
Summary of Session II-1
Summary of Session II-2
Summary of Session III
Tea BreakAll
Mr. Nguyen Khac Hieu
(DMHCC)Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri(GIO)

Discussion and wrap-up
Closing remarks
Closing remarks63─ 63 ─

Annex I: Agenda
Annex I

Abbreviations:
MOEJ: Ministry of the Environment, Japan
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
GIO: Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, NIES
MONRE: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam
DMHCC: Department of Meteorology Hydrology and Climate Change, Vietnam
MURC: Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd., Japan
IGES: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
SEA GHG Project: Regional Capacity Building Project for Sustainable National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Systems in Southeast Asia
USEPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
USAID: U.S. Agency for International Development
LEAD Program: USAID Low Emissions Asian Development Program
DCCEE: Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Australia
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC TFI TSU: IPCC, Task Force on National GHG Inventories, Technical Support Unit64
─ 64 ─

Annex II: List of Participants

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

Annex II: List of Participants

INDONESIA
Dr. Muhammad ARDIANSYAH
Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management in Southeast Asia and Pacific,
Bogor Agricultural University

PARTICIPATING COUNTRIESCAMBODIA
Mr. Va CHANMAKARAVUTH
Industrial Environmental Office, Ministry ofIndustry, Mines and Energy

Dr. Retno Gumilang DEWI
Center for Research on Energy Policy, Bandung
Institute of Technology

Mr. Phollak CHREANG
Department of Planning, Ministry of Public
Works and Transport

Mr. Agus GUNAWAN
Directorate for Mitigation and AtmosphericFunction Preservation, Ministry of Environment

Mr. Vanna SAMRETH
Department of Forestry and Community
Forestry, Forestry Administration, Ministry ofAgriculture Forestry and Fishery

Mr. Hiroshi ITO
Capacity Development for Developing National
GHG Inventories, Japan International
Cooperation Agency

CHINA
Dr. Qingxian GAO
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences

Ms. Rias PARINDERATI
Center for Research on Energy Policy, Bandung
Institute of Technology

Dr. Shenghui HAN
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences

Dr. Idat Galih PERMANA
Centre for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management, Bogor Agricultural University

Dr. Zhanyun MA
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences

Mr. Prasetyadi UTOMO
Directorate for Mitigation and AtmosphericFunction Preservation, Ministry of theEnvironment

INDIA
Dr. Sumana BHATTACHARYA
Independent Consultant

JAPAN
Dr. Junko AKAGIGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Dr. Anil SINGH
Environmental Sciences Division, Central Road National Institute for Environmental Studies
Research InstituteDr. Junichi FUJINO
Center for Social and Environmental Systems
Dr. Sultan SINGH
Research, National Institute for Environmental
Plant Animal Relationship, Indian Grassland
Studiesand Fodder Research InstituteMs. Elsa HATANAKA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies65─ 65 ─

Annex II: List of Participants
Annex II

Dr. Tatsuya HANAOKA
Center for Social and Environmental Systems,
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Dr. Yuriko HAYABUCHI
Division of Earth Environment Dynamics,
Research Institute for Applied Mechanics,
Kyusyu University

National Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. Michihiro OI
Office of International Strategy on Climate
Change, International Strategy Division, Global
Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment, Japan
Mr. Masakazu OKADA
Environment Division,
Suuri-Keikaku Co., Ltd.

Dr. Keizo HIRAIGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. Takahiko HIRAISHI
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

Mr. Akira OSAKO
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Naofumi KOSAKA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Kohei SAKAI
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Takashi MORIMOTO
Environment and Energy Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research & Consulting Co.,Ltd.

Mr. Osamu SAKAMOTO
Environmental Policy Group, EX ResearchInstitute Ltd.
Ms. Kana SUZUKI
Environment and Energy Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.

Dr. Hideaki NAKAJIMA
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Akihiro TAMAI
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Takeshi NAKASHIMAInternational Business Consulting, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.
Dr. Yukihiro NOJIRIGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. Shinsuke ODA
Low-carbon Society Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment, Japan
Dr. Takefumi ODA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,

Mr. Takuji TERAKAWA
Environment and Energy Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.
Mr. Hiroyuki UEDA
Environment and Energy Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co.,Ltd.
Ms. Masako WHITEGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,66
─ 66 ─

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

MYANMAR
Dr. Myo NYUNT
Myanmar Engineering Society

LAO P.D.R.
Mr. Soukanh BOUNTHABANDID
Department of Forest Inventory and Planning,
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Dr. Khin Lay SWE
Ecosystem Conservation and Community
Development Initiatives, LNGO

Mr. Mone NOUANSYVONGNational Disaster Management and Climate
Change, Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment
Mr. Bouathong Thong THEOTHAVONG
Department of National Disaster Management
and Climate Change

Mr. Sein THETUNEP-INC Project & Myanmar Academy ofAgriculture, Forestry, and Livestock andFisheries
PHILIPPINES
Ms. Lucille Joanna Santos BORLAZA
Urban Air Quality, Manila Observatory
Dr. Damasa Magcale MACANDOG
Institute of Biological Science,
University of the Philippines Los Banos

MALAYSIA
Ms. Siti Raihana Binti ABU YAZAID
Transportation, Industrial, Water Waste
Management and Recycling

Dr. James Bernard SIMPAS
Urban Air Quality, Manila Observatory

Dr. Elizabeth M.P. PHILIP
Environment Management and Climate Change,
Forestry & Environment Division, Forest
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Dr. Eunhwa CHOI
Research Institute
GHG Inventory Team, Department of Climate
Change Action, Korea Environment
Mr. Mohd Famey YUSOFF
Corporation
Climate Change Section, Air Division
Department of Environment Malaysia
Mr. Byong Bok JIN
Department of Climate Change Action, Korea
Environment Corporation
MONGOLIA
Prof. Namkhainyam BUSJAVDr. Sung-kyun KIM
Power Engineering School, Mongolian
Climate Change, Korea Energy Economics
University of Science and Technology
Institute
Dr. Dorjpurev JARGAL
Mr. Chang Hoono LEE
Energy Conservation and Environment
GHG Inventory Team, Department of Climate
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.
Change Action, Korea Environment
Corporation
Dr. Batimaa PUNSALMAA
Environment, Mongolia Water Forum
Dr. Kyeong-hak LEE
Center for Forest and Climate Change, Korea
Forest Research Institute67─ 67 ─

Annex II: List of Participants
Annex II

Dr. Sang Won LEE
GHG Inventory Team, Department of Climate
Change Action, Korea Environment
Corporation
Mr. An Woo NAM
GHG Inventory Team, Department of Climate
Change Action, Korea Environment
Corporation
Mr. Sung Ho SHIN
GHG Inventory Team, Department of Climate
Change Action, Korea Environment
Corporation

Program in Vietnam
Mr. Thinh Quang DANG
Institute of Meteorology Hydrology andEnvironment, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment
Mr. Lai Xuan DAO
United Nations Development programme
Ms. Dao Minh TRANG
Institute of Meteorology Hydrology andEnvironment, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment
Mr. Thanh Vu DINH
Department of Science Technology andEnvironment, Ministry of Agriculture andRural Development

THAILAND
Dr. Arux CHAIYAKUL
Livestock Environment Division, Departmentof Livestock Development

Ms. Anh Thi Phuong DUONG
Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural
Resources and Environment, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

Ms. Anchalee NATIKOOL
Environmental Division, Electricity
Generating Authority of Thailand

Mr. Viet Quang DUONG
The Project for Capacity Building for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Vietnam, Japan
International Cooperation Agency

Ms. Nilapha PAEMANEE
Environmental Division, Electricity
Generating Authority of Thailand
Ms. Nirawan PIPITSOMBAT
Office of Climate Change Coordination,
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning

Mr. Eiji EGASHIRA
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Mr. Tam Van HOANG
Department of Safe Technology and Industrial
Environment, Ministry of Industry and Trade

Mr. Worapong WARAMIT
Office of Natural Calamity and Agricultural
Risk Prevention, Land Development
Department, Ministry of Agriculture andCooperatives

Mr. Tung HOANG
Institute of Meteorology Hydrology andEnvironment, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment

VIET NAM
M. Matthew W. ADDISONAsian Development Bank - Energy
Project/Ministry of Industry and Trade

Dr. Tung Duong HOANG
VietnamEnvironment
Ministryof
NaturalEnvironment

DR. Laura ALTINGERWorld Bank Sustainable Development

Dr. Huong Thi Lan HUYNH
68
─ 68 ─

Administration,
ResourcesandCGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

Mr. Koos NEEFJES
United Nations Development ProgrammeInstitute of Meteorology Hydrology andEnvironment, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment

Mr. Bao Minh NGUYEN
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

Ms. Akiko INOGUCHI
Food and Agriculture Organization
Mr. Johan KIEF
United Nations Development Programme's
project on Climate Change and Strategy ofDevelopment

Mr. Cuong Mong NGUYEN
Research Center for Climate Change andSustainable Development
Ms. Hai Ihanh NGUYEN
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

Mr. Noriyoshi KITAMURA
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development
Ms. Bich Thi Ngoc LE
British Embassy/Political and Economic
SectionMs. Hoa Thi LE
The Project for Capacity Building for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Vietnam, Japan
International Cooperation Agency
Ms. Thai Kim LE
Environmental Defense Fund

Ms. Hao Thi Kim NGUYEN
International Cooperation Department,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment
Mr. Hieu Khac NGUYEN
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment
Ms. Huong Thi Thu NGUYEN
Vietnam Environment Administration,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Mr. Thang Ngoc LE
Vietnam Environment Administration,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Mr. Huy Quang NGUYEN
Department of Safe Technology and Industrial
Environment, Ministry of Industry and Trade

Dr. Huy Quang LUONG
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

Mr. Huy Van NGUYEN
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

Mr. Hung Viet LY
Vietnam Environment Administration,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment
Mr. Naoki MORI
Support Program to Respond Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Mr. Khanh Quoc NGUYEN
Asian Development Bank - Energy
Project/Ministry of Industry and Trade
Dr. Lanh NGUYEN
Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural
Resources and Environment, Ministry of69
─ 69 ─

Annex II: List of Participants
Annex IIMr. Tien Minh PHAM
The Project for Capacity Building for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Vietnam, Japan
International Cooperation Agency

Natural Resources and Environment
Ms. Linh Dieu NGUYEN
International Cooperation Department,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Ms. Hang Thi Thuy PHAMP
General Department of Land Administration

Mr. Minh Van NGUYEN
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment
Dr. Son Danh NGUYEN
Climate Change Expert

Mr. Khoa Minh PHAMP
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment
Mr. Quang Tat QUACH
Ozone Layer Protection Centre, Department ofMeteorology Hydrology and Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Dr. Thang Trung NGUYEN
Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural
Resources and Environment, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Shahab QURESHI
Asian Development Bank - Energy
Project/Ministry of Industry and Trade

Dr. Thang Van NGUYEN
Institute of Meteorology Hydrology andEnvironment, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment

Ms. Lauren N. SORKIN
Asian Development Bank
Mr. Shin SUGATANI
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development

Mr. Tich Khac NGUYEN
Center of Asia Biotechnology
Dr. Toan Duc NGUYEN
Vietnam Environment Administration,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Mr. Hien Duy TRAN
Department of Science Technology, Ministryof Natural Resources and Environment

Ms. Uyen Tu NGUYEN
Australian Agency for International
Development, Australia Embassy

Ms. Huyen Thu TRAN
Ozone Layer Protection Centre, Department ofMeteorology Hydrology and Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Ms. Takako ONO
Project of Capacity Building of National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Vietnam, Japan
International Cooperation Agency

Mr. Ninh Ha TRAN
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

Ms. Dung Thi PHAM
Department of Science, Technology andEnvironment, Ministry of Agriculture andRural Development

Ms. Thanh Thi TRAN
Vietnam Environment Administration,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Mr. Phuc Quang PHAM
Asian Development Bank70

─ 70 ─

CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES
CGER-I107-2012, CGER/NIES

IPCC TFI TSU
Dr. Harold Simon EGGLESTONTechnical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Mr. Duong Anh TRANT
Department of Environment, Ministry ofTransportation
Ms. Ngoc Thi Bich TRAN
Department of Meteorology Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

Dr. Baasansuren JAMSRANJAVTechnical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Dr. Hoa TRINH
Canadian International Development Agency

Mr. Kiyoto TANABE
Technical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ms. Trang Thi Quynh TRUONG
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Mr. Hiroshi TSUJIHARA
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

SEA GHG PROJECT
Mr. Leandro Valmonte BUENDIA
Regional Capacity Building Project for
Sustainable National Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Management Systems in Southeast
Asia

Mr. Luu Hai VU
Department of Environment, Ministry ofTransportation
Ms. Tam Minh VU
Institute of Meteorology Hydrology andEnvironment, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment

UNFCCCMr. Dominique André REVET
Mitigation, Data and Analysis Programme,
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change Secretariat

OTHERS
DCCEE, AUSTRALIA
Ms. Heather COOK
International Negotiations and Capacity
Development, Department of Climate
Change and Energy Efficiency, Australia

USAID
Mr. Orestes Ray ANASTASIA
Regional Development Mission for Asia,
United States Agency for International
Development

Mr. Robert STURGISSNational Inventory Systems andInternational Reporting, Department of
Climate Change and Energy Efficiency,
Australia

Mr. Khuong Chinh TRAN
Climate Change Program, General
Development Office, United States Agency forInternational Development, Viet Nam
Ms. Sophie CHOU
USAID Low Emissions Asian Development
Program, ICF International

Mr. Glen Owen WHITEHEAD
National Inventory Team, Department of
Climate Change and Energy Efficiency,
Australia

Dr. Amornwan RESANOND71
─ 71 ─

Annex II: List of Participants
Annex IIUSAID Low Emissions Asian Development
Program, ICF International
Mr. John Bruce WELLS
USAID Low Emissions Asian Development
Program, ICF International
USEPA
Ms. Mausami Ashok DESAI
Climate Change Division, United States
Environmental Protection Agency72
─ 72 ─