CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I162-2022

Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA19)
7th July – 13th July 2022

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I162-2022

Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA19)
7th July – 13th July 2022

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA19)

Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
Earth System Division (ESD)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html
Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
Earth System Division (ESD)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
https://esd.nies.go.jp
Copyright 2022:
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
retrieval system, without permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does not own the
copyrights to the abstracts contained in this publication.
All copies in PDF format are available from: https://esd.nies.go.jp
This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A),
in accordance with the Act on Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services
by the State and Other Entities.

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Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................. i
Preface ................................................................................................................ ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations.............................................................. iii
1

Executive Summary of WGIA19 ............................................................. 1

2

Workshop Report ...................................................................................... 3

2.1

Opening Session .........................................................................................................................3

2.2

Session I: Updates on the GHG Inventory of National Communications (NCs) and
Beinnial Update Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties ................................................3

2.3

Session II: New Reporting Formats and Tools Under the Paris Agreement .......................5

2.4

Session III: Cross-cutting Guidance for Reporting Under the Paris Agreement ...............7

2.5

Closing Session ...........................................................................................................................83

Abstracts .................................................................................................. 11

3.1

Opening Session .......................................................................................................................11

3.2

Session I ....................................................................................................................................13

3.3

Session II ..................................................................................................................................18

3.4

Session III .................................................................................................................................24

3.5

Poster Session ...........................................................................................................................29

4

Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions.............................................. 37

4.1

Overview of the Mutual Learning ..........................................................................................37

4.2

Energy Sector ...........................................................................................................................39

4.3

LULUCF Sector .......................................................................................................................42

Annex I: Agenda .............................................................................................. 45
Annex II: List of Participants ........................................................................ 51

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Foreword
The international community now recognizes increases in anthropogenic emissions ofgreenhouse gases (GHGs) as the primary cause of climate change and its impacts. The
Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) published by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) last year stated that “Observed increases
in well-mixed greenhouse gas concentrations since around 1750 are unequivocally caused byhuman activities. Since 2011 (measurements reported in AR5), concentrations have continued
to increase in the atmosphere, reaching annual averages of 410 ppm for carbon dioxide in
2019”. In order to address mitigation and adaptation to climate change, all of us on the globe
must be making more efforts than ever in each of our respective fields. To this end, theConference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) agreed to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well
below 2°C above pre-industrial levels under the Paris Agreement at COP21 in 2015.
Transparency of mitigation actions is becoming increasingly important, and in this respect,national GHG inventories, which provide information on GHG emissions and their trends overtime, play a critical role as a basis for decision-makers to design and implement strategies fortheir countries’ mitigation actions to reduce GHG emissions. Against this background, allparties will soon be required to submit Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Paris
Agreement Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF).
To enhance the capacities for national GHG inventories in Asian countries, the National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the “Workshop on GHG
Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with the support of the Ministryof the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). This workshop supports government officials,
compilers, and researchers in Asian countries to develop and improve their GHG inventories
through enhanced regional information exchange. The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office ofJapan (GIO) affiliated with the Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), Earth
System Division (ESD), NIES, has functioned as the Secretariat for this workshop since its
first session.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 19th WGIA (WGIA19), which was held
online from 7th to 13th July, 2022. We hope that this report will be useful for all those whowork in the field of GHG inventories as well as climate change, and that it will contribute to
the further progress of inventory development in Asia.

SAIGUSA Nobuko

Director
Earth System Division
National Institute for Environmental StudiesiiPreface
The Paris Agreement established an ETF to build mutual trust and confidence and topromote effective implementation. The purpose of the framework is to provide a clear
understanding of climate change actions, including clarity and tracking of progress towards
achieving Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to inform the global
stocktake. Each Party shall provide the national GHG inventory and information necessary to
track progress made in implementing and achieving its NDC in BTRs. Against thisbackground, GHG inventories are being accepted more and more as being valuable because
they support the transparency and accuracy of the implementation of national mitigation
actions, and the importance of developing robust national systems for the steady preparationof inventories is now widely acknowledged.
WGIA has contributed significantly to the construction and consolidation of a network ofofficials and researchers involved in GHG inventory preparation in Asian countries and to theidentification and provision of solutions for common issues relevant to the inventories.
This time, the WGIA19 was held online from 7th to 13th July, 2022. The topics set out forthis workshop were based on consideration of the current situation of the member countries.
The outcomes of the WGIA19 are summarized in this report as Proceedings. We hope that
this report will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the GHG
inventories of the WGIA member countries.
We would like to thank all the attendees for their participation and active contribution to
the workshop.

HATANAKA Elsa

MIZUTANI YoshihiroManagerGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Center for Global Environmental Research
Earth System Division
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Director for International Cooperation forTransition to Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure
Global Environment Bureau
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AB
AFOLU
AR
ASEAN
BTR
BUR
C
CGE
CGER
CMA
COP
CRTs
CSC
COVID-19
CRF
ESD
ETF
FAO
FY
GHG
GDP
GHG-DMGIO
GOSAT
GPG 2000
GWP
IE
IPCC
IPCC TFI
IPPU
LULUCF
M&E
MOEJ
MPGs
MRV
NAI
NC
NE
NDC
NIES
NID

WGIA Advisory Board
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Assessment Report
Association of South East Asian Nations
Biennial Transparency Report
Biennial Update Report
Confidential
Consultative Group of Experts
Center for Global Environmental Research
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to the Paris Agreement
Conference of the Parties
Common Reporting Tables
Carbon Stock ChangeCoronavirus Disease 2019
Common Reporting Format
Earth System Division
Enhanced Transparency Framework
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Fiscal year
Greenhouse Gas
Gross Domestic ProductGreenhouse Gas-Data Management
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
IPCC, Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2000
Global Warming Potential
Included elsewhere
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Industrial Process and Product Use
Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Modalities, procedures and guidelines
Measurement, Reporting, and Verification
Measurable, Reportable, and Verifiable
Non-Annex I
National Communication
Not estimatedNationally Determined Contribution
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
National Inventory Document
iii
iii

NIR
QA
Q&A
REDD+
QC
TGEIS
UNFCCC
USEPA
WGIA
1996 IPCC Guidelines
2006 IPCC Guidelines

CO2
CH4
HFCs
N2O
NF3
NMVOC
PFCs
SF6
Gg
GW
kt
Mt

National Inventory Report
Quality Assurance
Questions and Answers
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradationin developing countries
Quality Control
Thailand GHG Emission Inventory System
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
Chemical terms
Carbon dioxide
MethaneHydrofluorocarbons
Nitrous oxide
Nitrogen trifluoride
Non-methane volatile organic compounds
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur hexafluoride
Giga gram (109 g)
Giga Watt (109 W)
Kilo tonnes (103 t)
Million tonnes (106 t)

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Photos of the Workshop
The Plenary Sessions
Welcome Address

Opening Session

Closing Remarks

Session I

Session II

Session III

The Mutual Learning Sessions

Energy: China – Malaysia

Energy: China – Malaysia

LULUCF: Singapore – Viet Nam

LULUCF: Singapore – Viet Nam

vv

1. Executive Summary of WGIA19

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1

Executive Summary of WGIA19

The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES) convened the “19th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories in Asia
(WGIA19)” from July 7 (Thursday) to July 13 (Wednesday), 2022 online.
Annual workshops have been held since 2003 in order to support non-Annex I (NAI) Parties in
Asia to improve the accuracy of their GHG inventories and to facilitate the enhancement ofcooperative relationships in the Asian region. This year, approximately 100 participants attended
WGIA19 in total, including government and research representatives of 16 member countries(Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia,
Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam), in addition torepresentatives of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI), the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),
the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and others.
Opening Session
MOEJ delivered the welcome address, and the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan(GIO) gave an introduction to the WGIA. Following this, MOEJ made a presentation on Japan’scurrent progress in global warming countermeasures. Japan’s GHG emissions have decreased
seven years in a row since fiscal year (FY) 2014 mainly due to the decrease in energy consumption
and the decarbonization of electricity. Japan aims to reduce GHG emissions by 46% in FY2030
from the FY2013 levels and will continue to support the transition towards decarbonization in
Asian countries.
Updates on the GHG Inventories in the NCs and BURs from Non-Annex I Parties
Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand gave presentations on their submitted National
Communications (NCs) and/or Biennial Update Reports (BURs) and reported the most recent
information on their emission estimates and relevant data, as well as mitigation activities.
This is a crucial time before countries fully step into the preparation of Biennial Transparency
Reports (BTRs) under the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) of the Paris Agreement.
Asian countries need to strengthen their understanding and knowledge of developing/preparing
BTRs. Although various systems that support inventory preparation are starting to be put into
place, it is important to enhance the capacity of inventory compilers by utilizing various training
opportunities that suit their different circumstances/challenges.
New Reporting Formats and Tools Under the Paris Agreement
UNFCCC gave presentations on the new GHG inventory reporting formats such as theCommon Reporting Tables (CRTs) and the National Inventory Document (NID) under the Paris
Agreement and the support activities by the GHG Support Unit. After these presentations, IPCCTFI introduced their software currently undergoing testing that will implement the functions for
all methodological tiers and approaches for the Energy and Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land
Use (AFOLU) sectors. Chuo University (Japan) gave an overview of estimating CO2 emissions
using satellite data to qualitatively evaluate the effects of the introduction of briquettes in
Ulaanbaatar, and FAO shared the information on their products and tools for enhanced
transparency.
In order to prepare for the ETF, WGIA countries should respectively enhance their111. Executive Summary of WGIA19
understanding of reporting formats and outlines and advance their thinking about the details of
how to report using these formats and outlines. The transition to ETF reporting is a large change,
with new reporting formats and outlines, and therefore it is important to utilize the tools andcapacity-building opportunities available.
Cross-cutting Guidance for Reporting Under the Paris Agreement
USEPA explained the function of notation keys, and the Philippines gave an overview of thePhilippine institutional arrangement for the GHG inventory and their experience in Quality
Assurance (QA) / Quality Control (QC). After these presentations, Mongolia gave a presentation
on fugitive emissions from solid fuels and oil production and the results of a comparison between
the reference and sectoral approaches. Following this, GIO explained that performing
recalculations was one of the key elements in ensuring time-series consistency.
Using notation keys will add transparency and completeness, and reviewing Not Estimated(NE) categories will also help improve the inventory. It is important to prepare a QA/QC plan andimplement QA/QC activities, and good institutional arrangements need to be in place to do so.
Areas of improvement could be identified through a comparison between the sectoral approachand the reference approach. Performing recalculations helps to better understand the real trend.
Reporting and confirming recalculations may sometimes serve as QC.
The Mutual Learning
In this WGIA, the Mutual Learning was held for the following two GHG inventory sectors:
Energy sector (China and Malaysia), and Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF)
sector (Singapore and Viet Nam). The participants exchanged materials and questions to learn
about the inventory and institutional arrangements of the counterpart country. For each session,
two countries engaged with each other by following up on the Questions and Answers (Q&A)
which had taken place before the Workshop.
These countries recognized that there were some challenges to overcome in preparing for future
BTRs. Such challenges are in the estimation of GHG emissions/removals from categories
currently not estimated, in the preparation of elements which should be newly reported, and in theneed for earlier reporting of GHG emissions/removals - two years prior to the year of submission.
Poster Session
This was held to share information on the latest research results and deepen the discussion on
specific issues. This year’s WGIA19 was held online, therefore, posters were displayed on adesignated website and presenters and participants held discussions in each breakout group.

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2

Workshop Report
Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of GIO:
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/wgia/19.html

2.1 Opening Session
The welcome address was delivered by Ms. Nishikawa Junko (MOEJ).
Mr. Ito Hiroshi (GIO) gave an introduction of WGIA19. He introduced the historical progressof WGIA, as well as its participants, agenda, and expected outcomes. The expected outcomes of
WGIA19 were:z Enhancement of the quality of GHG inventories for NCs, BURs, and future BTRs.
z Enhancement of the understanding of the new CRT format, NID outlines, and tools to
support the development of national inventories.
z Strengthening of the participants’ understanding of the cross-cutting guidance forreporting under the Paris Agreement.
Mr. Ito Hiroshi emphasized that an accurate inventory in the NCs, BURs, and BTRs would
contribute to the future planning and assessment of the progress towards emission reduction
targets under the Paris Agreement.
Mr. Senoo Kohei (MOEJ) made a presentation on Japan’s current progress in global warming
countermeasures. He reported that Japan’s GHG emissions have decreased seven years in a row
since FY2014 mainly due to the decrease in energy consumption and the decarbonization ofelectricity. Japan’s total GHG emissions in FY2020 were estimated at 1,150 Mt CO2 eq. Japanaims to reduce its GHG emissions by 46% in FY2030 from its FY2013 levels.
In October 2021, Prime Minister Kishida put forward the "ASEAN-Japan Climate Change
Action Agenda 2.0" at the ASEAN-Japan Summit Meeting. Taking into account the three pillars oftransparency, mitigation, and adaptation, the Government of Japan has significantly expanded andstrengthened its efforts to co-create a decarbonized society in the region. Mr. Senoo Kohei
emphasized that Japan would continue to support the transition towards decarbonization in Asian
countries.

2.2 Session I: Updates on the GHG Inventory of National Communications(NCs) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties
This session was chaired by Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon (WGIA Advisory Board (AB)member; King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi).
NAI Parties are required, as per COP 16 and COP 17 decisions, to submit national GHG
inventories every two years as a part of their BURs or NCs. Under such circumstances, the WGIA
member countries have submitted their BURs and/or NCs. In this session, Bhutan, India,
Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand gave presentations on their latest BURs and NCs.
The chair of this session, Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon, introduced the objective of this session as
sharing information and experiences of preparing/updating WGIA member countries’ GHG
inventories in their NCs and BURs and being an opportunity to enhance knowledge before fully
starting preparation for BTRs.
Mr. Rinzin Namgay (Bhutan) made a presentation on Bhutan’s national GHG inventory in its
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Third NC. He showed an overview of the national GHG inventory and explained that the national
net total including LULUCF was -5,572.50 Gg CO2 eq. in 2015. He also described theemissions/removals in detail by sector and by gas. Regarding the emission trend from 1994 to2015, he showed that regardless of the forest fires that caused the largest emissions andfluctuations, the net total for each year has been negative owing to the most significant key
category “Forest land remaining forest land” (e.g. showed 8,181.187 Gg CO2 eq. removals in2015).
Mr. Ajay Raghava (India) gave a presentation on India’s Third BUR. He summarized the historyof India’s GHG inventory submissions under the UNFCCC and the institutional arrangements for
BUR preparation and inventory compilation. He also explained in detail the contents of the BUR,
including the national GHG inventory (for 2014 and 2016). As for the details of the national net
total (2,531.07 Mt CO2 eq. including LULUCF for 2016), he explained that the energy sector
accounted for over 70% of the total emissions (excluding LULUCF) and that the emissions of thesecond largest sector, Agriculture, turned from increasing to decreasing recently thanks tomitigation measures. He also explained the mitigation measures conducted for the Energy sector
and the Industrial Process and Product Use (IPPU) sector.
Dr. Syaiful Anwar (Indonesia) gave a presentation on Indonesia’s Third BUR, including thelatest GHG inventory for 2019. He gave an overview of BUR3 together with the institutionalarrangements for the coordination of climate change governance and implementation of the
Climate Change Convention, including the preparation of the GHG inventory. He explained thatIndonesia’s primary GHG emission sources were in the AFOLU sector including peat fires, andthat the total national GHG emissions including LULUCF increased more rapidly than thatwithout LULUCF from 2000 to 2019. He also gave details of the workflow for the national
registry system which includes the verification process of the results of climate change actions
and is also utilized for preparing NCs/BURs.
Ms. Sohyang Lee (Korea) gave a presentation on Korea’s National GHG Inventory in the
Fourth BUR. She explained the history of Korea’s GHG inventory submissions, the institutionalarrangements, and an overview of the BUR preparation. She also explained the breakdown of thenational total GHG emissions (727.6 Mt CO2 eq. excluding LULUCF) by sector and by gas for
2018, followed by the GHG emission trends from 1990 to 2018 per capita and per GDP whichwere influenced by economic events. She provided information on challenges and plans for the
improvement of their inventory, such as reporting X-2 data in the inventory and establishing an
IT system for measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) to apply the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines) and for reporting in CRT format.
Mr. Sivach Kaewcharoen (Thailand) gave a presentation on Thailand’s national GHG inventory
in its Third BUR. He showed the submission status of NCs and BURs and the plans for future
submissions of Thailand’s GHG inventory until the first BTR under the Paris Agreement. He also
showed the breakdown by each sector; the Energy sector was the main emission source at
253,895.61 Gg CO2 eq. followed by the Agriculture sector at 52,158.70 Gg CO2 eq. He then sharedongoing domestic/international work to facilitate the transition of the national system for reporting
BTRs under the ETF.
Regarding the presentations above, participants showed great interest in gaining knowledge
about technical issues such as the application of Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) or therespective national systems for preparing GHG inventories, which also have strong links with
mitigation measures. Presenters described the basic challenges they faced in preparing data for
the inventory, the efforts taken especially by the network of scientific institutions for mitigation
measures, and their initiatives aiming at maintaining low emissions by utilizing long-term
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projections based on models. Furthermore, since some countries had started the preparation of
their first BTR, they shared their progress and challenges faced at present.
For this session, the following conclusions were made.
1) This is a crucial time before countries fully step into the preparation of BTRs under the ETFof the Paris Agreement.
2) Asian countries need to strengthen their understanding and knowledge ofdeveloping/preparing BTRs.
3) Although various systems that support inventory preparation are beginning to be put into
place, it is important to enhance the capacity of inventory compilers by utilizing various training
opportunities that suit the different circumstances/challenges that they face.

2.3 Session II: New Reporting Formats and Tools Under the Paris
AgreementThis session was chaired by Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB member; Bogor Agricultural University).
Parties under the Paris Agreement are required to submit their first BTR (BTR1) and national
inventory report (NIR), if submitted as a stand-alone report, in accordance with the modalities,
procedures, and guidelines (MPGs) for the transparency framework for action and support
referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement, at the latest by 31 December 2024. WGIA member
countries will need to enhance their national systems and compilation capacity to prepare national
GHG inventories to meet the requirements, based on a clear understanding of the new reporting
requirements together with their formats and outlines. This session was held to share informationon the new reporting formats and outlines as well as the tools that help inventory preparations,and capacity-building opportunities.
Mr. Aizawa Tomoyuki (UNFCCC) gave a comprehensive overview of GHG inventory
reporting that will be required under the Paris Agreement. In addition to the changes in thereporting requirements for developing countries, information on the structure of CRTs and NID
outlines was provided. In the explanation about CRTs, he commented that implied emission
factors which were automatically calculated in CRTs could be helpful for checking potential errors
such as unit conversion errors and could, therefore, be utilized for QC. He also explained that thereporting tools for the ETF were currently under development with the aim of finalizing themaround June 2024.
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) shared information about the activities implemented by the
GHG Support Unit such as in-country QA activities, regional training workshops, and theprovision of e-learning and certification opportunities regarding the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. These
activities aim to assist developing countries in establishing/maintaining sustainable national GHG
inventory management systems and building the technical capacities of their national experts in
GHG inventories and other related issues.
In response to the questions from Prof. Rizaldi Boer and Mr. Hassan Ibrahim (Singapore) aboutcapacity-building activities provided by the UNFCCC, Mr. Dominique Revet emphasized that incountry QA workshops were very important since many recommendations for improvement were
provided (almost 200-pages, in the QA template) and that there was in-depth interaction during
the 5-day workshop. He also mentioned that workshops on uncertainty assessment were available
and already held, including those upon request from developing counties.
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2. Workshop Report
Regarding the presentation of Mr. Aizawa Tomoyuki, Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO) commented
that she interpreted that the HFC and PFC gas species shown in CRT Table 2(II) (sectoral summary
table) were mandatory gases under the MPGs. During the Q&A session, Mr. Wan Lek Kong
(Singapore) raised a question about the NID, to which Mr. Aizawa Tomoyuki answered that parties
could select whether to submit NID together with the BTR or as a stand-alone report.
In response to a question from Ms. Winnie Chia (Singapore) whether the use of the IPCC
Inventory Software was necessary prior to the data input to the CRTs, Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto (CoChair of IPCC TFI; Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) member) clarified that Parties to theParis Agreement were not obliged to use the IPCC Inventory Software. It is expected that countries
using the IPCC Inventory Software could import their data to the CRT reporting tool by using animportable format file(s) generated by the upcoming version of the IPCC Inventory Software,
while countries not using the IPCC Inventory Software would need to directly/manually enter data
into the CRTs. Additionally, Mr. Kosaka Naofumi shared that Japan imported data to the CRFs
from the calculation Excel files for estimation by establishing links with the importable format
Excel files generated by the CRF Reporter.
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (AB member; IPCC/TFI) explained that the upgraded version 2.80of the IPCC Inventory Software that was currently under testing implemented the functions for
all methodological tiers and approaches for the Energy and AFOLU sectors in the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines and the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement). She also described future update plans for thesoftware.
Prof. Watanabe Masataka (Chuo University) made a presentation on CO2 emission estimations
by using Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data to qualitatively evaluate the effectsof the introduction of briquettes instead of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar. The satellite observation dataof CO2 in Ulaanbaatar showed a decrease in the winter of 2019 compared to the winter of 2018.
He mentioned the need for inverse analysis for quantitative estimations of emissions, removals,
and reductions.
Dr. Mirella Salvatore (FAO) shared information on the products and tools for enhanced
transparency. Institutional arrangements-related products (e.g., the Greenhouse Gas DataManagement (GHG-DM) tool), MRV and monitoring and evaluation (M&E)-related products(e.g., E-learning courses for the national GHG inventory), and NDCs-related products are alreadyavailable on their website, and the land representation tool to develop land-use matrices is underdevelopment. She also introduced the roster of transparency practitioners and examples of
supporting activities for developing countries in Asia and the Pacific.
In response to a question from Dr. Elizabeth Mp. Philip (Malaysia) about the IPCC Inventory
Software, Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav clarified that the upgraded IPCC Inventory Software under
testing could be used for estimations related to the five carbon pools and welcomed Dr. Philip totest this function.
In relation to a question raised by Ms. Tegshjargal Bumtsend (Mongolia) about data availability
for CO2 reduction estimations, Prof. Watanabe Masataka clarified that GOSAT data enabled theestimations of reductions without information on the actual situation of the use of raw coal/coal
briquette in Ulaanbaatar.
In response to a question from Mr. Hassan Ibrahim (Singapore) about the GHG-DM tool, Dr.
Mirella Salvatore explained that this tool was an Excel-based package that helped manage
metadata, such as data sources, and publishing frequency, etc. of required data for estimation of
all sectors/categories in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. She also emphasized that this tool would help
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developing countries keep track of the data lacking for estimation.
For this session, the following conclusions were made.
1) In order to prepare for the ETF, WGIA countries should respectively enhance theirunderstanding of reporting formats/outlines and advance their thinking about the details of how
to report using these formats/outlines.
2) The transition to ETF reporting is a large change, with new reporting formats/outlines, andtherefore, it is important to utilize the tools / capacity-building opportunities available.

2.4 Session III: Cross-cutting Guidance for Reporting Under the Paris
AgreementThis session was chaired by Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto (Co-Chair of IPCC TFI; CGE member).
The elements which need to be reported in GHG inventories will be more detailed under the
ETF of the Paris Agreement. As for cross-cutting issues, the following elements will need to bestrengthened: use of notation keys, preparation of a QA/QC plan, ensuring transparency ofrecalculations, comparison between the reference approach and the sectoral approach, and so on.
This session was held to share information on the experiences of countries that currently reported
such cross-cutting elements.
Ms. Amanda Chiu (US-EPA) explained the function of notation keys as shorthanddocumentation to explain inventory completeness and illustrated how to use them by drawing on
examples from the U.S. national GHG inventory. She emphasized that their use addedtransparency to country reporting and would continue to be required under the Paris Agreement
MPGs. She also stressed the importance of documenting the rationales for the choices of notation
keys.
Ms. Sandee Recabar (Philippines) gave an overview of the Philippine institutional arrangement
for the GHG inventory and their experience in QA/QC. She also noted the importance of
Executive Order No. 174 series of 2014 that enabled the country to generate data and track its
emissions, and Climate Change Commission Resolution No. 2018-003 that provided theimplementing rules and regulations for the above-mentioned Executive Order, including those for
QA/QC of the national inventory.
Ms. Tegshjargal Bumtsend (Mongolia) first provided information on how Mongolia estimatedfugitive emissions from solid fuels and oil production, which is a new source in the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines. She then introduced the results of Mongolia's comparison between the reference andsectoral approaches and the analysis of discrepancies, which is also a new element that needs tobe strengthened in the Paris Agreement ETF reporting. The discrepancies were found to be mainly
due to the complexity of energy transformation processes and the application of category-specificemission factors.
Ms. Hirata Eriko (GIO) explained that performing recalculations was one of the key elements
in ensuring time-series consistency of national GHG inventories and that recalculations were amandatory requirement under the MPGs. She shared Japan’s examples of recalculations andexperiences of quality checks by confirming recalculations. She noted that typically,recalculations in Japan were made when the statistics/surveys were updated or when existing data
used in previous submissions were revised/corrected in addition to methodological change, andthat the reasons for the recalculations and their effects on the time-series, etc. should be explained.
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Regarding the question from Ms. Tegshjargal Bumtsend (Mongolia) about when to use thenotation key Included Elsewhere (IE), Ms. Amanda Chiu clarified that it could be used when data
could not be disaggregated and activity data or emissions/removals had to be combined in anothercategory/sub-category, but that countries needed to aim to disaggregate when it was a potential
key category. Ms. Chiu also explained the difference between the notation keys Confidential (C)and IE and how to choose which to use, in response to a question from Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO).
She acknowledged that there was a certain amount of knowledge and judgement necessary to
determine what notation key to use and noted that it was important to be as transparent as possible,
to exercise each country's best judgement, and to explain the rationale of the choice. However,she also noted that it was still possible to make changes in future reporting.
In response to the request for elaboration on the Philippine Interagency Meetings for the NIR
Improvement from Mr. Miyata Kazuaki (MOEJ), Ms. Sandee Recabar clarified that it was held
before the next inventory cycle started to identify what needed to be updated (Emission Factors,
methodology, etc.) in the next inventory, and that the meetings consisted of an overall interagency
meeting and separate meetings with agencies that were tasked to prepare sectoral inventories. Mr.
Tanabe Kiyoto also commented that the Mutual Learning (ML) exercise during WGIA could
possibly serve as part of the QA process as well since countries could receive questions and advice
from external inventory experts.
Regarding Mongolia’s presentation, Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto noted Mongolia’s great efforts toimprove its inventory estimates and commented that interactions with other inventory experts
through opportunities such as WGIA, including Mutual Learning, would surely help further
improve inventory quality. In response to a clarification question from Mr. Ito Hiroshi (GIO), Ms.
Tegshjargal Bumtsend confirmed that one of the improvements made in BUR2 following BUR1
was the addition of estimates for fugitive emissions from oil flaring, however, fugitive emissions
from the distribution of oil products could not be estimated due to lack of data.
For this session, the following conclusions were made.
1) Using notation keys will add transparency and completeness and reviewing NE categories will
also help improve the inventory.
2) It is important to prepare a QA/QC plan and implement QA/QC activities, and good
institutional arrangements need to be in place to do so.
3) Areas of improvement could be identified through a comparison between the sectoral approachand the reference approach.
4) Performing recalculations helps to better understand the real trend. Reporting and confirming
recalculation may sometimes serve as QC.

2.5 Closing Session
Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO) commenced this session by presenting an oral summary of the ML
sessions and the preceding plenary sessions. Regarding the ML sessions, she highlighted some ofthe outstanding issues and good practices identified in the participating countries’ inventories thatwere discussed in each session. She first noted an issue discussed during the ML for the Energy
sector, which was about the common challenge of obtaining X-2-year data. She also noted that
one of the participating countries had provided detailed tables as an attachment to the TechnicalAnnex of BUR, and this was identified as a good practice from the perspective of transparency.
Regarding ML for the LULUCF sector, she noted that an issue was identified as outstanding in
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relation to the obtained data being incomplete for estimating Carbon Stock Change (CSC) inmineral soils. However, the fact that some country-specific parameters for estimating living
biomass pools had been developed was noted in the ML session as a good practice. Regarding theplenary sessions, she made proposals for possible conclusions and asked the chairs for theircomments.
There were no comments on possible conclusions, but Dr. Sirintornthp Towprayoon (AB; King
Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi), the chair of Session I, commended thesecretariat’s work on conclusions and mentioned that the session was useful for all theparticipating countries for preparing for the upcoming BTR by way of exchanging experiences.
Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto (Co-Chair of IPCC TFI; CGE member) acknowledged that Session III thathe chaired was enjoyable with informative presentations followed by fruitful Q&A sessions.
In the concluding remarks, Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO) offered some observations on the online
format of WGIA used for these past couple of years during the pandemic and its pros and cons.
She noted that it was difficult to know what the future held but expressed her hope to continue toengage effectively with all kinds of participants, such as government officials andexperts/academics, in the field of national inventories through appropriate means that matched thecircumstances of the time. As for the content of the workshop, she expressed that the secretariatof WGIA would continuously aspire to offer a forum of honest exchange on challenges andpossible solutions as well as to provide the latest and most relevant information on developments
surrounding national inventories.
Finally, she thanked all the participants for their active participation and a fruitful meeting thatwas eye-opening and inspiring. She ended the session with a wish for everyone’s good health andfor seeing them again at the next WGIA.

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3

Abstracts

In this section, the abstracts of the presentations are compiled. The abstracts are attached in an
unedited form, as they were received from the presenters.

3.1 Opening Session
Introduction to the WGIA 19
ITO Hiroshi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO/CGER/NIES), Japan

Abstract
Non-Annex I (NAI) Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) are required to prepare Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories as a part ofNational Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs), and all countries will be
required to prepare GHG inventories as part of or independent of their future Biennial
Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Paris Agreement. It is therefore increasingly importantfor countries to develop reliable GHG inventories.
To support developing and improving GHG Inventories of developing countries in Asia, theWorkshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA) has been held annually since 2003. WGIA isorganized by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute forEnvironmental Studies (NIES). The member countries are 16 countries (Bhutan, Brunei,
Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam). Throughout the years, WGIA has
developed and strengthened a network of inventory experts, together with proving information to
the public by making presentations and proceedings available on GIO’s website.
Unfortunately, the ongoing status of the global COVID-19 pandemic still makes it hard to holdan in-person workshop. This year, therefore, we will be holding WGIA online again.
The upcoming 19th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA19) is to be held 7 - 13 July
2022. The WGIA19 aims:
1) To enhance the quality of GHG inventory for NCs and BURs and in future BTRs
2) To enhance understanding of the new Common Reporting Tables (CRT) format, National
Inventory Documents (NID) outlines, and tools to support the development of national
inventories, and3)To strengthen the participants’ understanding of the cross-cutting guidance for reporting under
the Paris Agreement.
Participants are government officials and researchers from 16 countries in Asia (the WGIA
member countries) and experts from international organizations (the IPCC Task Force on National
GHG Inventories (IPCC/TFI), the secretariat of UNFCCC, Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations (FAO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)), and others.

Access to relevant information
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/wgia/index.html

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Japan’s Current Progress on Global Warming Countermeasures
SENOO Kohei, MATSUBARA Minoru, YAMAZAKI Tomoya, SASAKI Ken,
MIYATA Kazuaki, SASAGAWA Mai
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office, Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract
Japan’s greenhouse gas emissions have decreased seven years in a row since FY2014 mainly
due to the decrease in energy consumption and decarbonization of electricity. In FY2020, Japan’s
total greenhouse gas emissions were estimated at 1,150 Mt CO2 eq. (reflecting a 18.4% decrease
compared to FY2013), falling to a record low since FY1990. On the other hand, our GDP has
been on the rise in recent years, but it decreased in 2020. Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of
GDP have decreased eight years in a row.
As a statutory plan recommending concrete policies and measures to be implemented by thewhole government and outlining measures to be taken by businesses and the public etc., the “Planfor Global Warming Countermeasures” was decided by the Cabinet in October 2021. The progressof the Plan is monitored every year, and the results are reported to and approved by the Global
Warming Prevention Headquarters, which consists of all Cabinet members. Out of the 115 policies
and measures listed in the Plan, in terms of reductions, 89% are evaluated as progressing at a pacethat meets or exceeds the target levels.
As transition to carbon neutrality becomes a global agenda, Japan supports the efforts of partnercountries by promoting comprehensive cooperation from upstream strategy planning todownstream project development. At the ASEAN-Japan Summit Meeting in October 2021, Prime
Minister Kishida put forward the "ASEAN-Japan Climate Change Action Agenda 2.0." Taking
into account the three pillars of transparency, mitigation, and adaptation, the Government of Japan
has significantly expanded and strengthened its efforts to co-create a decarbonized society in theregion.
Japan’s new 2030 target will certainly not be an easy task. However, by defining a top-level
ambitious target befitting to a next growth strategy of the nation which underpins manufacturingin the world, Japan is ready to demonstrate its leadership for world-wide decarbonization.

References/Publications

1. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April 2022)
2. Submission of Japan’s Nationally Determined Contribution (October 2021)
3. Overview of the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (October 2021)
4. Japan's Long-term Strategy under the Paris Agreement (October 2021)
5. ASEAN-Japan Climate Change Action Agenda 2.0 (October 2021)

Access to relevant information

1. https://unfccc.int/documents/461933
2. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/Pages/Home.aspx
3. https://www.env.go.jp/en/headline/2551.html
4. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf
5. https://www.env.go.jp/en/headline/2547.html

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3.2 Session I
Bhutan National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Third National Communication to UNFCCC

National Environment Commission, Royal Government of Bhutan

Abstract
Total GHG emissions in 2015 was 3,814.098 Gg CO2e that includes 707.917 Gg CO2e fromenergy, 796.423 Gg CO2e from IPPU, -7203.346 from AFOLU (552.87 Gg CO2e from agricultureand -7756.220 Gg CO2e from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) and 126.506 Gg CO2efrom waste. The total sequestration of forest in 2015 is estimated at 9,386.597 Gg CO2e However,removals from non-forest lands are not estimated in the inventory due to lack of data. The total
carbon sink or sequestration by LULUCF in 2015 has increased from the previous estimate of
6,309.6 Gg CO2e for the year 2000 reported in SNC. The gain in total carbon sink is attributed
mainly to change in use of definition of managed forest, natural expansion and plantations. As aresult of increase in forest area, the actual gain is estimated to be about 1,000 Gg CO2e from 2000
to 2015.
Bhutan’s GHG emission excluding removals by sink has been increasing and has almost
doubled from 1994, in 2015 period. Table 8 shows trend in Bhutan’s GHG emissions from sectors
and removals by the sink.
Emissions of perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride(SF6) are not estimated in the inventory as product containing these gases are not produced in the
country.
Bhutan’s net emission including removals by LULUCF has decreased by 23.11% comparedfrom base year (1994) to inventory year of TNC (2015) and increased by 3.56% when comparedfrom inventory year of SNC (2000) to that of the TNC.

References/ Publications
Third National Communication to UNFCCC- 2020

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India’s Third Biennial Update Report to UNFCCC
Ajay Raghava
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, India

Abstract
Climate change is a global collective action problem. As per the report by Global climate risk
index 2020, India is one of the most affected countries due to climate change. India has a diverse
geography which manifests varied climate regimes. In 2016, India’s total GHG emissions,excluding Land Use Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) were 2,838.89 million tonne
CO2e and 2,531.07 million tonne CO2e with the inclusion of LULUCF. India’s share of current
and historical cumulative GHG emissions is very low even with 17% of the global population.
India has strived to ensure that it follows a growth path that delivers sustainable development andprotects the environment by investing in various schemes aligned with its Nationally Determined
Contribution (NDC). India has progressively continued decoupling of economic growth fromgreenhouse gas emissions. India is implementing one of the largest renewable energy expansion
programmes with a target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 and later
up to 500 GW. Share of coal in electricity generation is progressively decreasing and we are
employing clean coal technologies, however coal will continue to be an integral part of India’senergy requirements, both for electricity generation and non-electricity uses for some time. This
is in keeping with India’s claim to a fair share of the global carbon budget and India's significant
underutilization of this share thus far. Forest and tree cover has increased by 1.3 million ha
between the 2015 and 2019 assessments of the Forest Survey of India. India's climate actions are
significant in the background of its huge development needs. India’s emission intensity of grossdomestic product (GDP) has reduced by 24 per cent between 2005 and 2016. Taken together,
India's mitigation actions speak of the enormous effort that the country is undertaking, through its
own resources. India’s commitment to multilateral efforts and global cooperation in climate actionis amply demonstrated by its initiation of, and the provision of resources to, the ISA, CDRI &Lead IT. India will continue to take strong climate action and also remain focused on its key
development imperatives, strengthening its current efforts, including poverty eradication,
provision of basic amenities, especially water and sanitation, and livelihoods and employment
generation for its entire population.

References/ Publications
MoEFCC. (2021). India: Third Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change,
Government of India.

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Indonesian Third Biennial Update Report
Syaiful Anwar
Green House Gas Inventory and Monitoring Reporting and Verification, Indonesia

AbstractIndonesian Third Biennial Updated Report (3rd BUR) is a part of country’scommitment to
the UNFCCC as mandated on COP Decision 2/CP. 17 Annex III. The 3rd BUR was preparedthrough series of development process and coordination with related ministries and institutions,scientists and experts. These report contains of updated and improvements of Indonesian Second
Biennial Updated Report (2nd BUR) on National greenhouse gas inventories including a national
inventory report that provides information on greenhouse gas emissions and trends between 2000
and 2016; information on mitigation actions that reports the progress made toward achieving the
GHG emission reduction targets and mitigation actions carried out to achieve the targets; Domesticof Measurement, Reporting, and Verification that describes the institutional structures for MRV
and MRV process in Indonesia as well as Finance, Technology and Capacity Building Needs andSupport Received, reports information on the financial, technological, and capacity building needs
and supports received related to the implementation of climate change measures. In addition, the
3rd BUR also includes the REDD+ Technical Annex pursuant to Decision 14/CP.19.

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4th BUR (Republic of Korea)
Sohyang Lee
Greenhouse gas Inventory and Research Center (GIR), Republic of Korea

Abstract
The Republic of Korea has ratified the Paris Agreement on November 2016 and has formulated
and improved domestic policies and measures. To fulfill the long-term temperature goal set in
Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Paris Agreement, the Republic of Korea declared to move towards
the goals of carbon neutrality by 2050 in December 2020 and finalized its 2050 carbon-neutrality
scenarios as a follow-up measures. In line with the declaration, the Republic of Korea
communicates the enhanced update of its first NDC.
The 4th BUR includes the goals of 2050 carbon neutrality, follow-up policies and measures, theenhanced update of its first NDC and the national GHG inventories from 1990 to 2018 whichwere applied as basic data for the establishment of the enhanced update of its first NDC.
In the presentation, it will be presented that the GHG emission trends and MRV process for
preparing GHG inventories included in the 4th BUR. The contents of the presentation are as
follows;z (Institutional arrangement) Responsible institutions and their roles in MRV for
preparing greenhouse gas emissions by law.
z (Scope and methodology) Applied IPCC guidelines, and the GWP etc.
z (GHG emission trends) 727.6 million tonCO2eq. in 2018.
z (GHG emissions by sector) 86.9% of the energy sector, 7.8% of the industrial processes
sector, 2.9% of the agriculture sector, and 2.4% of the waste sector in 2018.
z (GHG emissions by gas) 91.4% of CO2, 3.8% of CH4, 2.0% of N2O, and 1.3% of HFCs,
0.4% of PFCs, 1.2% of SF6 in 2018.
z (GHG emissions per capita) 14.1 tonCO2eq. in 2018.
z (GHG emissions per GDP) 401.6 tonCO2eq. in 2018.
z (Appendix) Greenhouse gas emissions by sub-sector and gas from 1990 to 2018, the listof country-specific emission factors and sources of activity data, the result of keycategory analysis.

References/ Publications
Republic of Korea Biennial Update Report (BUR): https://unfccc.int/documents/418616

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Thailand’s third Biennial Update Report
Sivach Kaewcharoen
Ofce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand

Abstract
Thailand has submitted 3 National Communications and 3 Biennial Update Reports. The latest
report was the third BUR, submitted in December 2020. The national GHG inventory in this report
was compiled in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. It comprised 3 direct emissions (CO2,
CH4, N2O) and 4 indirect emissions (NOX, CO, NMVOCs, and SO2) from 5 sectors including
Energy, IPPU, Agriculture, LULUCF, and Waste sectors.
Institutional arrangement of the national GHG inventory involves relevant agencies from all 5
sectors. ONEP, the national focal point, is responsible for emission calculation using Thailand
GHG Emissions Inventory System (TGEIS) and preparation of sectoral inventory reports.
Following the 5 Working Groups’ approval, the GHG inventory is included in the draft NC or
BUR which will be approved by the Subcommittee on Climate Change Knowledge and Database
and the National Committee on Climate Change Policy, respectively, before submission.
The 2016 GHG inventory showed emissions without LULUCF totaling 354,357.61 GgCO2eq,
with the energy sector as the main emission source at 253,895.61 GgCO2eq followed by the
agriculture sector at 52,158.70 GgCO2eq. Emissions from the IPPU sector and the waste sector
were estimated to be 31,531.41 and 16,771.89 GgCO2eq, respectively, while the LULUCF sector
contributed to a net removal of 91,134.15 GgCO2eq.
For the transition to Enhanced Transparency Framework, TGEIS is being updated to support
the Common Reporting Tables (CRTs) as well as to integrate functions of uncertainty analysis and
QA/QC into the system. The CBIT project and other projects are also being implemented tostrengthen national capacity and support BTR preparation.
To address current gaps and needs, international support should focus on 3 main areas:development and update of country-specic emission factors and parameters, development ofactivity data collection methods for upper tiers, and capacity-building for national experts andagencies involved in the inventory process.
International partners have been supporting Thailand to enhance its national GHG inventory.
TGEIS was developed with the Australian Government’s support, and QC templates for activity
data and parameters were designed by GIZ. Recently, GEF has also supported Thailand to
implement the CBIT project which will strengthen data collection processes and data quality for
the AFOLU and the energy sectors.

References/ Publications
Thailand’s third biennial Update Report (BUR3) (https://unfccc.int/documents/267629)

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3.3 Session II
Overview on GHG inventory reporting under the Paris Agreement
GHG inventory requirements under the Enhanced Transparency Framework(ETF)
Tomoyuki Aizawa
System & Tool unit, Transparency Division, UNFCCC secretariat

Abstract
Transparency and the MPGs
The Paris Agreement established an Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) designed tobuild trust and confidence that all countries are contributing their share to the global effort.
Decision 18/CMA.1 (Katowice) adopted the Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs)
pursuant to Art. 13 of the Paris Agreement. The ETF builds on the current measurement, reportingand verification (MRV) system under the Convention: GHG inventories and the International
Assessment and Review (IAR) for developed countries, and International Consultation andAnalysis (ICA) for developing countries. The ETF offers a common set of MPGs and introduces
flexibilities to take into account that countries are at different starting points and have different
capacities. Common and yet flexible and supported ETF system is built on over two decades
experience of reporting, review and multilateral consideration.
For the changes in national GHG inventory reporting for developing countries, there are several
differences between BUR and BTR, such as; i) use of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, ii) cover year T2 (T-3 with flexibility), iii) recalculations of previous data required, iv) reporting tables and outline
of National Inventory Document (NID) finalized at CMA 3, v) key category analysis required(with flexibility), vi) reporting on institutional arrangements required (e.g. planning, preparationand management), vii) develop a QA/QC plan (with flexibility), vii) report basket of 7 gases (withflexibility), using AR5 GWP values (see the tables in the next page below), and viii) quantitatively
estimate uncertainty (with flexibility)
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines provides national GHG inventory principles, which areTransparency, Accuracy, Consistency, Completeness, and Comparability (TACCC). Also, the2006 IPCC Guidelines encourage continuous improvement and rigor through QA/QC andverification activities.
The structure of the Common Reporting Tables (CRT) is similar to the Common Reporting
Format (CRF) with some modifications. The outline of the national inventory document (NID) issimilar to the Annotated outline of the National Inventory Report (NIR). ETF reporting tools areunder development aiming to finalize around June 2024.

Access to relevant information
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-review-underthe-paris-agreement
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf#page=74
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf#page=75
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf#page=7618
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GWPs to be used for GHG inventories according to 5/CMA.3, §25 (Extracted from table
8.A.1 of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

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Strengthen the capacity of developing countries to prepare and manage
national greenhouse gas inventories as a basis for effective implementation of
the Enhanced Transparency Framework under the Paris Agreement
Dominique Revet,
UNFCCC Secretariat

Abstract
The GHG Support Unit from the Transparency Division of the UNFCCC Secretariat aims at
providing efficient and innovative technical support on the development of national greenhousegas (GHG) inventories to developing countries for an effective implementation of themeasurement, reporting and verification system and the enhanced transparency framework under
the Paris Agreement. It performs the following main functions aimed at assisting developing
countries:x

Supporting, through in-country quality assurance (QA) activities and regional training
workshops, the establishment and maintenance of sustainable national GHG inventory
management systems in developing countries;x

Building, through regional training workshops and online training and certification
programme, the technical capacity of developing countries' national experts on GHG
inventory related issues;xFacilitating the submission by developing countries of high-quality national GHG inventory
reports that meet the reporting requirements under the Convention and the Paris Agreement.

The GHG Support Unit is implementing many evolving capacity-building activities under afunding project entitled “Strengthening the capacity of developing countries to prepare andmanage national greenhouse gas inventories as a basis for effective Enhanced Transparency
Framework under the Paris Agreement”. The project is mostly funded by the Swedish
International Development Cooperation Agency, and aims to assist developing countries todevelop and maintain sustainable national GHG inventory management systems and apply the2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines),
including in direct response to requests for assistance received from developing countries.

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Update on IPCC Inventory Software
Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Forceon National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Abstract
IPCC Inventory Software was launched in 2012 with the aim to implement default
methodologies provided in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(2006 IPCC Guidelines) including cross-cutting elements such as uncertainty analysis and key
category analysis. It also allows database administration, data export/import and reporting (2006
IPCC Guidelines reporting tables).
Its version 2.691 released in 2020 which is currently available at our website https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/software/index.html implements Tier 2 methods for most categories of Energy,
Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) and Waste sectors, and Agriculture categories of theAgriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector.
The upgraded version 2.80 of the software which is currently under testing implements all
methodological tiers and approaches in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and 2013 Supplement to the2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands
Supplement) for Energy and AFOLU sectors. It includes new elements such as Land
Representation Manager and Fuel Manager and has new functionalities (e.g., Fuel consumption
validation), and allows subnational disaggregation at a category level.
In addition, there are a number of other ongoing and planned activities to further enhance thesoftware and support users e.g., to complete the updates/upgrades to IPPU and Waste sectors andto ensure interoperability with the UNFCCC reporting tool for national greenhouse gas inventoryreferred to in UNFCCC Decision 5/CMA.3, and development of a guidebook for inventory
compilers.

References/ Publications
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara
T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.
IPCC 2014, 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Wetlands, Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda,
M. and Troxler, T.G. (eds). Published: IPCC, Switzerland.

Access to relevant information

https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/presentation/presentation.html

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FAO Support on Transparency: Country Experiences in Asia
Mirella Salvatore
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Abstract
Since 2018 FAO is supporting countries in raising awareness and addressing the new reporting
requirements under the Enhanced Transparency Framework of the Paris Agreement. This support
was possible thanks to the financial support of the Global Environment Facility through the
Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) fund. The actual CBIT portfolio at FAO
consists of two global projects and 16 national projects corresponding to around 25 million dollars.
FAO, together with UNEP and UNDP, is one of the main agencies implementing CBIT projects(GEF, 2022). FAO engaged in this fund to ensure a special attention to the agriculture, forestry
and other land use (AFOLU) sector, that holds almost 25 percent of the global emissions. Almost
85 percent of the countries included AFOLU in their nationally determined contributions, eventhough countries face the major challenges in estimating and monitoring the emissions from this
sector. The support provided by FAO is reflecting the main objectives of the CBIT fund, as
described in the programming directions (GEF, 2016) and the main activities can be summarized
as following:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Strengthening country capacity in terms of institutional arrangements, MRV and M&E
Developing ETF-enhanced tools, addressing country needs
Building knowledge sharing and peer-to-peer exchange
Enhancing coordination among all transparency actors.

In Asia and the Pacific, FAO is directly supporting nine countries, namely Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Salomon Islands andVanuatu. The FAO Global CBIT-AFOLU project serves as an umbrella programme for the overall
portfolio, providing technical guidance from the design to the implementation of the project,
developing tools according to country specific needs, and offering platforms, events, and casestudies for peer exchange and mutual learning. The presentation will highlight the activities insome of the national projects carried out in collaboration with the global project, from which
lessons learned were derived and shared worldwide.

References/ Publications
FAO, 2021. Building capacity worldwide to increase transparency in the agriculture, forestry andother land use (AFOLU) sector, Italy.
GEF, 2016. Programming directions for the capacity-building initiative for transparency, USA
GEF, 2022. Progress report on the capacity-building initiative for transparency, USA.

Access to relevant information
FAO Transparency: www.fao.org/climate-change/our-work/what-we-do/transparency/en/
FAO Transparency in agriculture and land use sectors network: www.fao.org/climate-change/ourwork/what-we-do/transparency/network/en/?
FAO Roster of transparency practitioners: www.fao.org/climate-change/our-work/what-wedo/transparency/roster/en/?
FAO tools and resources: https://www.fao.org/climate-change/our-work/what-we-dotransparency/tools-resource?

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CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

Evaluation of changes in CO2 emissions associated with Mongolia's raw coal
to briquette conversion policy using GOSAT satellites
Masataka Watanabe1, Yoko Saito1, Akihiro Oba1, Zamba Batjargal2,
Munkhbat Byamba-Ochir3, Gomboluudev Purevjav3
1

3

Chuo University (Japan), 2Ministry of Environment and Tourism (Mongolia),
Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (Mongolia)

Abstract
The Paris Agreement (2015) requires each country to submit the climate action plans for emission
reduction targets known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the UNFCCC. The global
stocktake in 2023 (GST 2023) on the Paris Agreement will be an excellent opportunity for GHG
observation satellites to demonstrate their substantial advantages in monitoring the reduction of GHG
emissions from cities in terms of accuracy, speed, and transparency.
In Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, about 29% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions arestoves in the ger area, which is the second-highest source in the city. In winter, the temperature reaches-40 °C, and the atmospheric inversion layer develops due to its location in the valley topography. The
smoke emitted from the ger area is trapped below the inversion layer, causing the world's most severe
air pollution. The city of Ulaanbaatar introduced a policy to ban the use of raw coal to prevent air
pollution on May 15, 2019, and introduced briquettes with high combustion efficiency instead of raw
coal, which roughly reduced up to 50% of coal usage in the ger area. Therefore, analyzing changes in
GHG concentrations before and after this policy is essential to evaluate the effect of briquettes.
However, since CO2 emissions vary depending on the combustion efficiency of the stove used, it is
not easy to accurately estimate CO2 emission reductions in the ger area where the majority of stoves
used are old ger stoves.
Since 2018, the LT (Lower Troposphere) and the UT (Upper Troposphere) partial columns havebeen available at 14 sampling points in Ulaanbaatar city, defined as 0.6–1 Psurf (surface pressure) and
0.2–0.6 Psurf, respectively (Kuze et al., 2022). It is reasonable to assume that the boundary layer isbelow the UT and LT boundaries during the winter months in Ulaanbaatar due to the development of
the solid atmospheric inversion layer. Therefore, we used the monthly area-averaged XCO2UT forreference because XCO2UT is much less impacted by local surface emissions than XCO2LT and has
minor day-to-day variations.
This presentation will introduce qualitative but simple estimation of surface CO2 emissions resultin Ulaanbaatar city: concentration enhancement ΔXCO2LT in winter to surface CO2 emissions as
XCO2LT minus XCO2UT obtained from the GOSAT satellite indicated a significant decrease in the2019 and 2020 winter (after the policy) compared with the 2018 winter. Quantitative measures should
be applied using inverse analysis (Watanabe et al., 2022).

References/ Publications
Kuze, A., Nakamura, Y., Oda, T., Yoshida, J., Kikuchi, N., Kataoka, F., Suto, H., Shiomi, K., 2022, Examining
partial-column density retrieval of lower-tropospheric CO2 from GOSAT target observations over global
megacities. Remote Sensing of Environment. 273, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.112966.
Watanabe, M., Oba, A., Batjargal, Z., Gomboluudev, P., 2022, Estimation of GHG emission/absorption using
GOSAT satellite data in Mongolia. The 18th International Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Measurements fromSpace.

Access to relevant information
The Ministry of Environment, Japan funded this work in the “Fiscal 2021 Commissioned Project to UpgradeTechniques for Estimating Mongolian Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Satellite Observations” report.

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3. Abstracts

3.4 Session III
Transparency and Completeness: Using Notation Keys
Amanda Chiu
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, United States

Abstract
Notation keys have been used to report on completeness in national reports submitted under thecurrent MRV system and will continue to be required in common reporting tables to transparently
convey completeness under the new enhanced transparency framework. Use of notation keys anddocumentation of the rationale for notation key choices explain to inventory users and reviewers
what is or is not estimated in the inventory and why. They also explain where emissions or removal
estimates are included if they are not disaggregated. Clear documentation helps define the scopeof the inventory and avoids misrepresentation of data. Examples from the U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Inventory experience will be shared to illustrate the use of each notation key.

References/ Publications
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 1, Chapter 8
Reporting Guidance and Tables, Section 8.2.5 Notation keys and Completeness information,
available at https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/1_Volume1/V1_8_Ch8_Reporting_Guidance.pdf
Technical handbook for developing country Parties on Preparing for implementation of theenhanced transparency framework under the Paris Agreement, available athttps://unfccc.int/documents/267112
Transparency Reporting Guidelines (i.e., MPGs)- Katowice decisions: Annex to 18/CMA.1, Chapter II, Section C, Subsection 5
Assessment of completeness, available athttps://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CMA2018_03a02E.pdf- Glasgow decisions: 5/CMA.3, available at https://unfccc.int/documents/460951

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CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

Philippines: Experience on National QA/QC
Sandee G. Recabar
Chief, Implementation Oversight Division /Focal, Philippine Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management and Reporting System
Climate Change Commission, Philippines

Abstract
The Philippines has operationalized the Philippine GHG Inventory Management and Reporting
System (PGHGIMRS) under Executive Order No. 174 series of 2014 to enable the country to
generate data and track its emissions, which are essential to its design and development of climate
mitigation solutions.
In 2018, the Climate Change Commission adopted Commission Resolution No. 2018-003
which provides the Implementing Rules and Regulation of the above-mentioned issuance. This
policy also provides the enabling system for the Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QA/QC)
of the Philippines’ National GHG Inventory.
The resource person shall share the country’s milestones in implementing GHG Inventory
QA/QC measures through (1) National GHG Inventory Policies, Processes, and Institutional
Arrangements; (2) Institutionalization of the NIR Preparation; (3) Laying the groundwork for NIR
improvement: Philippine QA/QC Workshop in 2019; and (4) Updates on QA/QC implementationin the country.

References/ Publications
Philippine Climate Change Commission, 2021: Executive Summary. In: 2010 Philippine
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report [S. Recabar, A. Evangelista, J. Ebora, A. Alonzo, A. Leyba, J.
Francisco].

Access to relevant informationwww.niccdies.climate.gov.ph

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3. Abstracts

Fugitive emissions from fuels in Mongolia and Comparison between reference
and sectoral approaches
Tegshjargal Bumtsend
Climate change research and coordination centre, Mongolia

Abstract
Mongolia submitted its Initial Biennial Update Report in 2017. Historically, the national GHG
inventories have been conducted by national consultants three times for the Initial National
Communication in 2001, Second National Communication in 2010, Initial Biennial Update
Report in 2017 (BUR1), and Third National Communication in 2018, respectively. Mongolia iscurrently preparing BUR2 and will submit it in late 2022.
In accordance with the IPCC guidelines, all Parties shall make every effort to improve theirinventories. In this regard, since the submission of IBUR, Mongolia has implemented a capacitybuilding project supported by JICA for the period 2017-2022 (almost 2 years of them were
ineffective due to covid-19). The main three outputs of the project were brief: 1. Capacity-building
and improvement of cross-cutting issues; 2. Capacity-building and improvement of the energy
sector; 3. Capacity-building and improvement of the LULUCF sector. As part of the project, theentire GHG inventory was reviewed by project consultants and, as a result, long and short lists of
the issues were developed. Within output 2, one of the improvement issues identified was finding
the reasons for discrepancies between Reference and Sectoral approaches in the energy sector andimproving them.
The main reasons for occurrences of significant discrepancies and/or large time series deviationare:-

Large statistical differences between the energy supply and the energy consumption,-

Missing information on combustion of specific transformation outputs,-

The misallocation of the quantities of fuels used for conversion into derived products orquantities combusted in the energy sector,-

High distribution losses from gas and coal are causing higher RA and SA.

Since the energy sector is a key sector, Mongolia has applied a Tier 2 method. The countryspecific NCVs and CO2 EFs for coal types such as coking coal, other bituminous coal, and lignite
were used. By order of the Energy Regulatory Commission of Mongolia, national experts
developed country-specific values in 2021.
Mongolia used an IEA energy balance table as activity data for its GHG inventories. The coalconsumption by types is disaggregated into subcategories in the IEA energy balance table, which
is not the case in national statistics. Meanwhile, Mongolia is developing the national energybalance table, which is under improvement. It is planned to be used in subsequent inventories.
Discrepancies due to energy balance table (IEA):-

Starting from 2005, the distribution losses have been recorded in the national statistics,-

Starting from 2006, coke oven coke and coke oven gas were being produced as byproducts of coking coal transformation,-

Starting from 2011, there has been an occurrence of coal consumption in the processing
industries on the coal balance table

Discrepancies due to country-specific (CS) CO2 emission factors (EFs):
26
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CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES-

The CS CO2 EFs of coal are not the same for all subcategories according to national
experts, e.g., 1.A.1-Main activity electricity and heat production, 1.A.2-Manufacturingindustries and construction (e.g., for lignite: 1.A.1 – 97,100 kg CO2/TJ, 1.A.2 – 95,400 kg
CO2/TJ).

One of the improvements made in BUR2 is the inclusion of a subcategory that was not
estimated in BUR1, 1.B.2.a.ii-Fugitive emissions from oil flaring.
In conclusion, Mongolia will continue striving to improve GHG inventories further.

Access to relevant informationwww.1212.mn – The web-based statistical database of the National Statistics Office of Mongolia(NSO).
https://1212.mn/tables.aspx?tbl_id=DT_NSO_1100_010V1&CL_AY4_select_all=1&CL_AY4
SingleSelect=&YearY_select_all=1&YearYSingleSelect=&viewtype=table2727

3. Abstracts

Recalculations in the National GHG Inventory: Japan’s CaseHIRATA Eriko
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan

Abstract
Performing recalculations is one of the key elements in ensuring time-series consistency ofnational GHG inventories. Parties to the Paris Agreement shall report national GHG inventories
in accordance with the modalities, procedures and guidelines (MPGs) starting from 2024
submission (Decision 18/CMP.1). Recalculations is a mandatory requirement under the MPGs
and is therefore a significant change for developing countries compared to previous reporting.
This presentation shares Japan’s examples of recalculations and experiences of Quality Checks
by confirming recalculations.
Recalculations due to methodological changes/refinements include when: 1) available data
have changed, 2) a category has become key, 3) new inventory methods become available, and 4)
follow-up to a recommendation from inventory reviews is needed. Typical examples ofrecalculations in Japan are when the statistics/surveys are updated or when existing data used inprevious submissions are revised/corrected. Inventory compilers need to check for
updated/corrected data and perform recalculations when necessary.
The reason for the recalculation and the effect of the recalculation on the time-series etc. should
be explained. Decision 5/CMA.3, Annex V contains National Inventory Document (NID) outlinesthat will be used for reporting under the Paris Agreement. Recalculation section of the NID
outlines is similar to that of the NIR of Annex I Parties to the Convention, therefore they could be
useful references/examples.
Japan’s inventory quality is controlled by performing QC activities at each step, in accordancewith the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The general Quality Checks are conducted by checking
recalculations of emissions/removals by gas/category using a summarizing file during theestimation process. Confirmation of the recalculations can be a useful check of the quality ofdata/estimates.

References/ Publications
1.
2.
3.
4.

National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN (April 2022)
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Decision 5/CMA.3, Annex V
Decision 18/CMA.1, Annex

Access to relevant information
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html

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CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

3.5 Poster Session
Preparation of Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Trends in GHG Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), Japan

Abstract
Under Article 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter, Convention) and relevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties, theAnnex I parties including Japan (i.e. developed countries) are required to prepare national
greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and submit them to the Secretariat of the Convention.
Moreover, Article 7 of the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures, which
provides for domestic measures under the Convention, requires the Government of Japan toannually estimate and make public Japan’s GHG emissions and removals.
In accordance with these Articles, the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
develops the GHG inventory in cooperation with private consultant companies under a contract
with the Ministry of the Environment. Before preparing GHG inventories, GIO collects data fromrelevant ministries, agencies and organizations to estimate emissions and removals. Based onthese data together with other data from different publications, GIO then compiles the GHG
inventory.
Japan’s total GHG emissions in FY2020 were 1,150 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2)equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.).
This is a decrease of 18.4% (259 Mt CO2 eq.) compared to the FY2013 emissions (1,409 Mt
CO2 eq.), mainly because of the reduced energy consumption (due to improved energy
conservation, the effects of the spread of COVID-19, etc.) and the decrease in CO2 emissions fromelectricity production due to the wider use of low-carbon electricity (wider adoption of renewableenergy, resumption of nuclear power plant operations), despite the increase in hydrofluorocarbon
emissions.

Access to relevant information
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html

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3. Abstracts

High-resolution inverse model estimates of country level methane emissions
inferred using GOSAT and surface observations
Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil Maksyutov, Fenjuan Wang, Tsuneo Matsunaga
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan

Abstract
We report the country level analysis of anthropogenic methane emissions estimated with a highresolution inverse model using observational data from global surface observation network andGreenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT; NIES Level 2, v02.95) for the period 2009-2020.
The high-resolution inverse model is implemented by coupling a Lagrangian particle dispersion
model FLEXPART to the global Eulerian transport model NIES-TM. The surface observational
data include Obspack CH4 (v4.0) and observations from ICOS network. For the anthropogenic
prior emissions in the inversion, we used monthly data from Emissions Database for Global
Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v6.0). For emission from biomass burning, Global Fire
Emissions Database (GFED v4.1s) was used. Emissions from wetland and soil sink were takenfrom Saunois et al (2020). Other flux categories include emission from termites, geological andocean sources, all fluxes at 0.1q spatial resolution. Flux corrections were estimated for six
categories such as agriculture, biomass burning, waste, oil and gas sector, coal and wetlands on abi-weekly time step. Variational optimization was applied to obtain flux corrections for the six
categories as scaling factors multiplied by monthly varying prior uncertainty fields. For the
GOSAT-based inversion, potential biases were removed from satellite retrievals using a surfacedata optimized forward simulation, on monthly basis, for 5° latitude bands. The prior and posterior
anthropogenic methane emissions were analyzed for major emitting countries such as China, US,
India, Russia. The anthropogenic methane emissions inferred from GOSAT observations for thesecountries were, China 57.0 Tg CH4 yr−1 (52.0-60.6, min-max), USA 25.9 (24.4-27.7), India 25.6
(22.3-26.9), Brazil 18.7 (15.3-21.6), Russia 13.9 (13.4-14.8), Indonesia 11.9 (9.6-13.8). Similar
estimates were arrived by inversion using surface observations, with China having 55.6 (48.858.3), USA 29.0 (27.1-30.7), India 24.5 (21.3-26.8), Brazil 19.2 (17.0-22.8), Russia 14.5 (13.615.6) and Indonesia 11.9 (9.6-13.8). The largest corrections were for China (-11.7%/-9.6%;
surface/GOSAT), USA (15.7%/3.6%), India (-17.4%/-13.8%), Canada (16.4%/3.0%) and
Bangladesh (-17%/-10%). These corrections are mostly within the reported country-specificuncertainties for anthropogenic methane emissions (e. g. Worden et al, 2022), but slightly exceeds
the upper bound of uncertainty for China (7.4 Tg) and the United States (3.9 Tg) compared to 7.1
and 3.3 Tg uncertainties.

References
Worden et al., The 2019 methane budget and uncertainties at 1◦ resolution and each country
through Bayesian integration of GOSAT total column methane data and a priori inventory
estimates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6811–6841, 2022

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CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

Understanding countries’ status and challenges for estimation of soil carbon
stock changes in national greenhouse gas inventories: survey findings
1

Chisa Umemiya1, Mirella Salvatore2, Iordanis Tzamtzis2, Akiko Nagano2
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), 2Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Abstract
Despite the growing global support for capacity building to improve soil management,
estimation and reporting of carbon stock changes (CSCs) in mineral soils in national GHG
inventories (GHGI) is still very limited. Understanding of the main difficulties allows to definetargeted support to help countries to fulfill the completeness requirement of the Enhanced
Transparency Framework.
The estimation of CSCs provides insights for developing targeted policies to encourageambitious nationally determined contributions and tracking their implementation.
IGES and FAO jointly conducted an online survey targeting GHGI experts and soil scientists
in government or research and academic institutes.
<outline of the survey>z

21 September to 8 October 2021z

226 responses from 104 countries (88 developing countries, 16 developed countries)z

Of the 226, 139 respondents (109 GHGI experts and 30 soil scientists from 70 developingand 12 developed countries) were involved in GHGI preparation.
The results of the preliminary analysis of these 139 responses suggest:z

Estimation of CSCs in mineral soils is conducted in most of the developed countries while
it is done in only one third of the developing countries.

z

Lack of data and infrastructure are the main challenges limiting CSCs estimation.
On the contrary, the least frequently selected challenges were difficulty in understanding the IPCC
methodology, and limited knowledge on soil carbon dynamics.

z

National and international collaborative approach on data collection efforts, coupled withenhanced cooperation between GHGI experts and soil scientists are the solutions.

The least frequently indicated approaches for addressing the challenges were: training on soil
carbon dynamics, allocating/applying for new funding, and enhancing international and bilateral
cooperation.
From these findings, the authors provide recommendations including:z Provide clear technical guidance on how to collect and analyze dataz Ensure financial and human resources for data collection
z Conduct joint training programs for GHGI experts and soil scientistsz Share good practices and learning at regional level

References/ Publications
https://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CB9075EN/
https://www.iges.or.jp/en/pub/mineral-soil-2022/en

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3. Abstracts

Comprehensive Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Thai Beef
Cattle Production and the Effect of Rice Straw Amendment on the Manure
Microbiome
Wanna Angthong1, Akinori Mori2, Haruthairat Kitwetcharoen3, Ornvimol Kaeokliang1,
Sukanya Kamphayae1, Tomoyuki Suzuki2, Yimin Cai4 and Koki Maeda4
1Ruminants Feeding Standard Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen, Thailand,
2Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research
Organization (NARO), Nasu-shiobara, Japan, 3Department of Biotechnology, Faculty ofTechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 4Crop, Livestock and Environment
Division, JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Japan

Abstract
We measured the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions following beef cattle feeding and evaluatedthe manure management in northeast Thailand (Khon Kaen) to obtain the country-specificemission factor (EF) and replace the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default
value. We fed four Thai native cattle their typical diet of the region and then used the head-cageand dynamic chamber methods to measure the enteric methane (CH4) and GHG emissions during
manure storage, respectively. The effect of amending the cattle manure with rice straw on the
manure’s GHG emission was evaluated. The manure microbiome was monitored by 16S rRNA
gene amplicon sequencing and qPCR assay of the functional genes that are required for themethanogenesis and nitrification/denitrification process. The estimated CH4 conversion factor(Ym: 6.87 ± 0.11% gloss energy intake (GEI)) was slightly higher than the IPCC default value.
The CH4 emission from the manure accounted for 0.69 ± 0.26% GEI. The addition of rice straw
slightly lowered the CH4 emission from the manure, but the manure microbiome analysis results
showed that it significantly reduced the relative abundance of methanogens (Methanobacteriales),and the functional estimation of manure microbiome agreed with this inhibition effect. The
addition of rice straw also showed potential mitigation of the N2O emission with lowered
nitrification activity and lower nitrifier abundance, but the results were not consistent between
runs. Together these findings will be useful for the higher-tier approach to GHG emissions frombeef cattle production systems in tropical regions.

References/ Publications
Front. Environ. Sci. 10:872911. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.872911

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CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

Emission factors for Vietnamese beef cattle manure sun-drying and theeffects of drying on manure microbial community
Van Thanh Nguyen1, Koki Maeda2*, Yukiko Nishimura2, Trinh Thi Hong Nguyen1,
Kinh Van La1, Dien Duc Nguyen3, Tomoyuki Suzuki2,4
1 Institute of Animal Sciences for Southern Vietnam, Di An, Binh Duong, Vietnam, 2 Crop,
Livestock & Environment Division, JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 3 Faculty of Animal
Science -Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam,
4 Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasu-shiobara, Tochigi, Japan

Abstract
Livestock manure and its management are significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG). In
most Southeast Asian countries, the current GHG emissions are estimated by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 approach using default emission
factors. Sun-drying is the dominant manure treatment in Vietnam, and in this study, we measured
GHG emissions during manure drying using a chamber-based approach. Results show theemission factors for CH4 and N2O were 0.295 ± 0.078 g kg−1 volatile solids (VS) and 0.132s
0.136 g N2O-N kg−1 Ninitial, respectively. We monitored the total bacterial/archaeal community
using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and measured the abundance of functional genes
required for methanogenesis (mcrA), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS and nosZ)
processes. Methane emission occurred only at the beginning of the drying process (days 1 to 3).
The results of amplicon sequencing indicated that the relative abundance of methanogens also
decreased during this period. Although some nitrification activity was detected, there was no
significant N2O emission. These findings well describe the manure management system in south
Vietnam and the GHG emission from this manure category, paving the way for higher Tierestimations using country-specific values.

References/ Publications
PLoS ONE 17(3): e0264228. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0264228

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3. Abstracts

Greenhouse gas emission from composting process: a case study in Thailand

Panida Payomthip, Komsilp Wangyao, Awassada Phongphiphat, Salita Kamsook,
Thichakorn Pudcha and Sirintornthep Towprayoon
The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University ofTechnology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract
Organic waste disposed of in landfills and manure slurries is a significant contributor to world
greenhouse gas emissions. In Thailand, manufacturing fertilizer or soil conditioners often follows
the method from foreign composting systems. However, MSW in Thailand is different from theMSW in other countries due to its higher moisture content and wet organic waste. Additionally,
different weather conditions result in variable degradation rates. There is a lack of clarity
regarding the emissions reduction and emission factor that results from the commercial-scale
composting process in developing countries, which make uncertain opportunity of organic
composting waste as an effective strategy to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Composting andsoil conditioning technologies for waste management were compared with the prevalent Thailand
anaerobic landfill technique. The calculation was done using national average solid waste
composition data and the calculation methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and the T-VERTOOL-WASTE-01 published by Thailand greenhouse gas management organization; TGO,
Thailand. Two study sites were selected in (1) Bangkok and (2) Buriram province. The GHG
reductions are 11.99% and 33.09% compared with BAU. The emission factors (EF) of thecomposting process were calculated and found at 0.26 tCO2e/tww and 0.22 tCO2e/tww, according
to the data retrieved from Bangkok and Buriram, respectively. The average EF of the compostingprocess was 0.24 tCO2e/tww with a standard deviation of 0.17.

3434CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

Application of Rice GHG Application for MRV system
Nittaya Cha-un1, Amnat Chidthaisong1, Kittipong Chaimanuskul2 and Sirintornthep
Towprayoon1*
1
The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi (KMUTT), 2Atthajariya Co., Ltd

Abstract
This study focused on the Rice GHG application which is a tool to help farmers set up theirbaseline and tracking their cultivation activities to ease the MRV system. The application cancollect farmer data and show real time estimation of the GHG emission at spacial level. Data incomparison to real measurement in continuous flooding and alternative wetting and drying(AWD) practices at Chainat Province showed reliability at acceptable level. From cultivation
practice at Chainat province, GHG emissions from the data input in the application ranged from
0.81-5.01 kg CH4/ha/day and from real measurement using closed flux chamber ranged from 1.235.69 kg CH4/ha/day. It is noted that the average discrepancy between these two methods isapproximately 30% depending on location and cultivation practices.
Keywords: Mobile application, Rice GHG Application, AWD

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

4

Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
4.1 Overview of the Mutual Learning

Mutual Learning (ML) is an activity to improve the individual countries’ inventories throughthe following series of processes: 1) exchanging inventories between two countries, 2) perusing apartner country’s inventory, and 3) exchanging comments on each other’s inventories. The
primary purpose of ML is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of methods and data
for GHG emission/removal estimation between two countries and by exchanging comments on
the methods and data. ML is also expected to foster and strengthen a cooperative relationshipamong GHG inventory experts. Since the aim of ML is not criticism or audit, participants canconduct a two-way communication and follow-up through direct conversation.
The first ML was held on the Waste sector between GIO and Korea Environment Corporation(KECO) in the annual workshop in 2008. The Secretariat of WGIA introduced this activity in
WGIA8 held in 2010. With the participants’ agreement, ML has been held in the following WGIAs
as a regular session since WGIA9 in 2011. Because of the global pandemic of the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), ML was held online this year (2022) and for the last two years.
Table 4.1.1 History of the Mutual Learning
2008-2010
2010
WGIA8

GeneralEnergyIndonesia–
Mongolia

2011

WGIA9

-

2012

WGIA10-2013

WGIA11-

2014

WGIA12-

2015

WGIA13

Japan–
Viet Nam

2016

WGIA14-2017

WGIA15-2018

WGIA16-2019

WGIA172020

ML2020*3

2021

WGIA182022

WGIA19China–
Singapore
Indonesia–
Japan
Thailand–
Japan

IP*1
Agriculture LULUCF
Trial implementation Japan–Korea
Introduction to ML (with hands-on training)--

Cambodia–
Thailand
Laos–
ThailandIndonesia–
MyanmarIndonesia–
Japan

-

-

Brunei–
Korea
Mongolia–
Viet Nam
India–
Viet Nam
Thailand–Japan
Cambodia–
MyanmarBrunei–Mongolia
China–
Malaysia

Myanmar–
Malaysia

Indonesia–
Viet Nam
China–
MyanmarChina–
Mongolia
Indonesia–
Laos

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cambodia–
Philippines
China–
Japan
-

Waste

Japan–Laos

Indonesia–
Cambodia–
Korea-

China–Korea-

Malaysia–
Viet Nam

Viet Nam*2-

Cambodia–
Mongolia
Indonesia–
Laos
Laos–
Myanmar

Korea–
MyanmarMongolia–
ThailandChina–
Philippines
Japan–
Laos

Mongolia–
Singapore
Bhutan–Indonesia
Singapore–
Viet Nam

China–
Indonesia* Industrial Processes*2Reporting from Viet Nam with comments from experts*3The physical meeting of WGIA was cancelled to prevent the risks of the COVID-19 in 2020 but the Mutual Learning sessions were conducted
online.
13737AnnexI on Mutual Learning Session
4.
ReportParticipants
In January 2022, the WGIA Secretariat advertised ML to the participants of the WGIA andreceived applications. Considering the participants’ potential interests and knowledge, anappropriate balance among sectors, and the feasibility of implementation, the WGIA Secretariat
set up two pairs this year (China and Malaysia on the Energy sector, Singapore and Viet Nam on
the LULUCF sector).
Preparation
A few months before WGIA19, the chosen participants for ML submitted the materials of theirinventories to the WGIA Secretariat, including worksheets used for estimating emissions andreports describing details of methodologies, and exchanged the materials with their partnercountries through the Secretariat. By studying the materials provided by the partner country, theparticipants found good points, such as advanced methodologies and well-institutionalized
inventory management systems, as well as unclear points and issues to be improved in thepartner’s inventory. Thus, participants provided such findings as comments and questions to theirpartner countries in “Q&A Sheets”. After that, the “Q&A Sheets” were exchanged with the partnercountries through the Secretariat. The partner countries responded to these comments andquestions before WGIA19 took place.
Table 4.1.2 Submitted Materials for the ML
SectorEnergy
LULUCFCountry
China
Malaysia
Singapore
Viet Nam

Inventory
NC3 and BUR2 in 2019㻌
BUR3 in 2020
NC4 and BUR3 in 2019, BUR4 in 2020
BUR3 in 2021

Discussion
In the WGIA19, two ML sessions were held on July 7th (Energy Sector) and 8th (LULUCF
Sector) to discuss sector-specific issues based on preliminary comment exchanges. To encourage
a frank discussion and to ensure confidentiality, these sessions were held as closed-door
discussions.
In these sessions, participants discussed their counterpart's inventory and national system,
sharing their own technical issues (e.g., data collection, adoption of emission factors, institutionalarrangements, etc.) with the partner country to overcome the obstacles, and clarifying matters intheir own inventory which should be improved. Through the discussions, they recognized that
there were some challenges to overcome in preparing for future BTRs: in the estimation of GHG
emissions/removals from categories currently not estimated, in the preparation of elements thatshould be newly reported, and in the need for earlier reporting of GHG emissions/removals - twoyears prior to the year of submission. To increase opportunities to learn from other countries’
inventories, participants expressed their hope for the continuous implementation of the Mutual
Learning program in future WGIAs.
The points of discussion and outcomes of each Mutual Learning session are summarized in thefollowing sections (4.2–4.5).

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4.2 Energy Sector
Sector Overview
China and Malaysia participated in the ML session on the Energy sector. The general
information for the two countries is shown in Table 4.3.1 below.
Table 4.2.1 Sector Overview of the ML on the Energy Sector
National total GHG
emissions (Mt CO2 eq.,with LULUCF)
GHG emissions of theEnergy sector (Mt CO2
eq.)
Responsible agency forthe inventory
Estimation
methodology
Source of emission
factors
Source of activity data

China

Malaysia

11,186(in 2014, BUR2)

75(in 2016, BUR3)

9,559(in 2014, BUR2)

252(in 2016, BUR3)

Ministry of Ecology andEnvironment
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines,
GPG 2000, 2006 IPCC
Guidelines, Tier 1, 2, and 3
IPCC default values andcountry-specific values
National statistics from the
National Bureau of Statistics;
relevant ministries and agencies;
industrial associations

Ministry of Environment andWater
2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier 1
IPCC default values
National statistics

Materials Used
To prepare for the ML session, the partner countries exchanged their materials relevant to theEnergy sector through the Secretariat approximately two months before the workshop. The
materials exchanged were as follows:
China- China’s Third National Communication and Second Biennial Update Report- Presentation “China’s National GHG Inventory”1
Malaysia- Malaysia’s Third Biennial Update Report- Presentation “Malaysia’s GHG Inventory: The Energy Sector 1A1a & 1A1b”
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials listed above, the countries studied them and submitted questions
and comments to the partner country approximately two weeks before the session. The
classification and the number of questions are as follows.

1

It was provided about one week before the workshop as an additional material.
3939

AnnexI on Mutual Learning Session
4.
ReportTable 4.2.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on the Energy Sector
Classification of questions
Acquisition of activity data
Adoption of emission factors or parameters
Estimation methods
Institutional arrangement
OthersNumber of questions/commentsfrom China
from Malaysia
to Malaysia
to China
3
1
0
0
2
1
1
1
0
0

Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
¾ Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and the partner countries’ experience was shared toseek options and solutions.
1) The data of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Carbon Trading Market don’t
match exactly the IPCC definition, such as in petroleum refining (China).
2) It is challenging to obtain X-2 data for some categories (both countries).
3) It is not easy to obtain the activity data of some new categories in the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines, which were not included in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines (China).
4) Default emission factors are used for fuel combustion, although the category is a key
category (Malaysia).
5) The amounts of fuels are not disaggregated for transport (Malaysia).
¾ Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:China1) Higher tier methods are applied (e.g., Tier 2 for CO2 from fuel combustion, Tier 3 forfugitive CH4 from oil and gas systems).
2) Emissions calculated based on the National Energy Balances are verified by facilityspecific data obtained from the Carbon Trading Market system.
3) In 2013, NBS established a sector-statistical reporting system for GHG inventory.
4) Recalculation is implemented for the base year of NDC.
Malaysia
1) Time-series emissions are available from 1990.
2) Improvement plan is clear.
3) Detailed tables are attached in the Technical Annex of BUR.
¾ Follow-up Activities
None.
¾ Suggestions for Future ML
The participants suggested that a discussion on the following topics would be useful:40
40CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

1) How to develop CSEFs
2) How to use facility-level data
3) How to build CRT tables
Party

China

Malaysia

Facilitators,
etc.

Table 4.2.3 Participants in the ML on the Energy Sector
Name
Organization
Ms. MA Cuimei
Ms. XU Danhui
Ms. SHOU Huantao
National Center for Climate
Mr. MIAO Weijie
Change Strategy and International
Mr. ZHANG Xi
Cooperation (NCSC), Ministry of
Ms. LI Xiang
Ecology and Environment
Ms. GAO Minhui
Ms. CHU Zhenhua
Ms. ZHOU Yuan
Ms. Nur Hazirah CHE ITHNIN
Dr. Sugumari SHANMUGAM
Dr. Kok Seng YAP
Ms. Dayang Ratnasari ABU BAKAR
Ministry of Environment and Water(KASA)
Ms. Rafidah HASBULLAH
Mr. Mohamad Firdaus NAWAWI
Ms. Wan Nur Syuhada WAN ATA
Ms. Wan Nurlalia Yusra MAT DESA
Dr. Elizabeth PHILIP
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Mr. Zaharin ZULKIFLI
Energy Commission (ST)Ms. Aimi Hazwanie NORDIN
National Energy University
Dr. Siti Indati(UNITEN)
Mr. KOSAKA Naofumi (Facilitator)
GHG Inventory Office of Japan
Mr. ITO Hiroshi (Facilitator)(GIO)
Ms. HATANAKA Elsa (Secretariat)
Mr. MORIMOTO Takashi
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and(Resource person)
Consulting Co., Ltd. (MURC)
Ms. FUKUDA Maya (Resource person)
Mr. MIYATA Kazuaki (Workshop organizer)
Mr. SASAKI Ken (Workshop organizer)
Ms. SASAGAWA Mai (Workshop
Ministry of the Environment, Japan
organizer)(MOEJ)
Mr. SAKOGUCHI Sadamitsu(Workshop organizer)
Ms. KURODA Kotoe (Workshop organizer)

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4.3 LULUCF Sector
Sector Overview
Singapore and Viet Nam participated in the ML session on the LULUCF sector. The general
information for the two countries is shown in the table below.
Table 4.3.1 Sector Overview of the ML on the LULUCF sector
Singapore
Viet Nam
National total GHG
50,702.71
316,734.96
emissions (kt-CO2 eq., with(in 2016, BUR4)(in 2016, Viet Nam’s NIR)
LULUCF)GHG emissions in the
17.12-39,491.24
LULUCF sector (kt-CO2 eq.) (in 2016, BUR4)(in 2016, Viet Nam’s NIR)
Responsible agency for the
National Parks Board
Department of Climate
inventory(NParks)
Change (DCC) under the
Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment(MONRE)
Estimation methodology
The 2006 IPCC
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines,
Guidelines, Wetlands
Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3
Supplement, Tier 1, Tier 2,
Tier 3
Source of emission factors
IPCC default values and
IPCC default values andcountry-specific values
country-specific values
Source of activity data
National statistics and data Remote sensing maps andfrom land-use maps
national statistics
derived from remotesensing
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA19, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to the LULUCF sector through the Secretariat starting approximately two months before
the workshop. The documents exchanged were as follows:
Singapore- Singapore’s 4th Biennial Update Report- Singapore’s 4th National Communications and 3rd Biennial Update Report- Excel files with estimation worksheets for the LULUCF sector- J. Chave et al., “Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropicaltrees”, Global Change Biology (2014) 20, 3177-3190 [A paper that Singapore references forbiomass estimation]- Field sheet example - for inventory data collection
Viet Nam- Viet Nam Report on National GHG Inventory for 2016
- Worksheet of Viet Nam’s 3rd Biennial Update Report42
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Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, the countries studied them and submitted
questions and comments to the partner country approximately a month before the workshop. The
classification and the number of questions are as follows.
Table 4.3.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on the LULUCF sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Singapore
from Viet Nam
to Viet Nam
to Singapore
National system
00Inventory compilation processes
112
Data collection procedure
10Quality Assurance / Quality Control
00Others3
1
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
 Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and experience was shared to seek options andsolutions:
1) Difficulties are faced in collecting appropriate activity data due to issues regarding landtransition periods for the subcategories “remaining” and “converted” (Viet Nam).
2) CSCs in mineral soils for all land use categories are not estimated due to incomplete data(lack of land conversion data for 20 years) (Viet Nam).
3) Biomass losses from fuelwood removals are not included (Viet Nam).
4) Difficulties are faced in dealing with differences between remote sensing data and statistics(e.g., area of Mangroves) (Viet Nam).
5) Adapting the remote sensing workflow to be able to work with different remote sensing
data for inventory compilation is a challenge (Singapore).
6) Data to estimate CSC for Mangroves is lacking (Singapore).
 Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:
Singapore
1) Higher tier and country-specific CSC factors were applied in some categories (i.e., Forest
land and Settlements).
2) Estimation accuracy was improved from the previous BUR due to the improvement in
resolution with updating of the remote sensing data to accommodate for the dynamic andshort-term land-use changes taking place in Singapore.
3) Estimations were made at very detailed subcategory levels for each “converted” category(e.g., Forest land converted to Settlements) using the 20-year transition period
consistently.

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AnnexI on Mutual Learning Session
4.
ReportViet Nam
1) The NIR describing detailed estimation methodologies of GHG was prepared.
2) Remote sensing maps together with soil map layers were applied to calculate the area oforganic soil. This enabled the detection of a change in the area of organic soil.
3) Country-specific CSC parameters for all types of forest (bamboo, mangrove, mix, woody,etc.) were developed.
 Follow-up Activities
The following were identified as follow-up activities:
1) To offer continued open communications between countries that have participated in mutual
learning including the host country Japan.
 Suggestions for Future ML
Participants suggested the following topics for future ML:
1) Having exchanges among three countries, possibly including Japan as the third country.
2) Holding hybrid ML sessions with both in-person and online participation.
Table 4.3.3 Participants in the ML on the LULUCF sector
Party
Singapore

Viet Nam

Name

Organization

Ms. Ester SUEN
Mr. Fairoz MOHAMED
Ms. Lorraine TAN
Mr. Hassan IBRAHIM
Ms. TRAN Thu Huyen
Mr. LY Viet Hung
Mr. TRUONG Nam Thang
Ms. TANG Quynh Anh
Ms. TRAN Thi Thu Trang

International Biodiversity
Conservation, National ParksBoard

Ms. NGUYEN Thi Minh Hue
Facilitators
and Resource
persons

Dr. YANAGAWA Midori (Facilitator)
Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko (Facilitator)
Ms. HATANAKA Elsa (Secretariat)
Mr. ITO Hiroshi (Secretariat)
Dr. SATO Atsushi (Resource person)
Mr. SENOO Kohei (Workshop organizer)
Mr. MATSUBARA Minoru(Workshop organizer)
Mr. YAMAZAKI Tomoya(Workshop organizer)
Mr. SAKOGUCHI Sadamitsu(Workshop organizer)
Ms. KURODA Kotoe(Workshop organizer)

44
44

Ozone Layer Protection and
Low Carbon Economy
Development Center,
Department of Climate Change
Responding to Climate Change
Center, Department of Climate
ChangeGHG Inventory Office of Japan(GIO), National Institute forEnvironmental Studies (NIES)
Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting Co., Ltd.

Ministry of the Environment,
Japan (MOEJ)

Annex I: Agenda

CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

Annex I: Agenda
Period: 7th July – 13th July 2022
Venue: On-line
JST: Japan Standard Time
ICT: Indochina TimeDay 1: Thursday, 7th July 2022
PM 2:00 - 2:30 JST
Connection test
(PM 1:00 - 1:30 China, Malaysia)
PM 2:30 - 6:00 JST
Mutual Learning(PM 1:30 - 5:00 China, Malaysia)

SectorEnergyCombination of Participating
China – Malaysia
Countries
Note: These sessions are closed in order to secure confidentiality of information.
Therefore, only participating countries in each session, facilitators, resource persons andthe WGIA Secretariat are allowed to connect.
Day 2: Friday, 8th July 2022
PM 2:00 - 2:30 JST
Connection test
(PM 1:00 - 1:30 Singapore)(PM 12:00 - 12:30 Viet Nam)
PM 2:30 - 6:00 JST
Mutual Learning(PM 1:30 - 5:00 Singapore)(PM 12:30 - 4:00 Vietnam)
Sector
LULUCF
Combination of Participating
Singapore – Viet Nam
Countries
Note: These sessions are closed in order to secure confidentiality of information.
Therefore, only participating countries in each session, facilitators, resource persons andthe WGIA Secretariat are allowed to connect.

4545Annex I

PM 2:30 - 3:00 JST(PM 12:30 - 1:00 ICT)PM 3:00 - 3:40 JST(PM 1:00 - 1:40 ICT)Day 3: Monday, 11th July 2022
Connection test
Opening Session

PM 3:00 - 3:05

Welcome Address

3:05 - 3:20

Introduction to WGIA19

3:20 - 3:30

Japan’s Current Progress on Global
Warming Countermeasures
Questions and Answers

3:30 - 3:35
3:35 - 3:40
PM 3:40 - 6:00 JST(PM 1:40 - 4:00 ICT)

3:40 - 3:55
3:55 - 4:10

Ms. Nishikawa Junko(MOEJ)
Mr. Ito Hiroshi(GIO)
Mr. Senoo Kohei(MOEJ)All

Group Photo
Session I: Updates on the GHG Inventory of National
Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs)
from non-Annex I Parties
Chair: Dr. Sirintornthep
Rapporteur:
Towprayoon (AB/ King Mongkut’s(GIO)
University of Technology Thonburi)
Bhutan’s National Greenhouse Gas
Mr. Rinzin Namgay
Inventory, Third National(Bhutan)Communication to UNFCCC
India’s Third Biennial Update Report
Mr. Ajay Raghava
to UNFCCC(India)4:10 - 4:30

Questions and Answers

4:30 - 4:45
4:45 - 5:00

BreakIndonesian Third Biennial Update
Report
4th BUR of the Republic of Korea

All

5:15 - 5:30

Thailand’s Third Biennial Update
ReportDr. Syaiful Anwar(Indonesia)
Mrs. Sohyang Lee(Korea)Mr. Sivach
Kaewcharoen (Thailand)

5:30 - 6:00

Questions and Answers

All

PM 6:00 - 6:30 JST(PM 4:00 - 4:30 ICT)

Poster Session

6:00 - 6:30

Poster

5:00 - 5:15

All

Note: Posters will be made available throughout the duration of WGIA, however, those
who have provided the posters will be on stand-by during the poster session to respondto any questions/comments. Please visit the poster page on the dedicated WGIA19 site
for each poster's meeting address.

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Day 4: Tuesday, 12th July 2022
PM 2:30 - 3:00 JST(PM 12:30 - 1:00 ICT)PM 3:00 - 6:00 JST(PM 1:00 - 4:00 ICT)

Connection test

3:00 - 3:30
(AM 8:00 - 8:30 CEST
Bonn)

Overviews on GHG Inventory
Reporting (CRT and NID) Under theParis Agreement

Mr. Aizawa Tomoyuki(UNFCCC)

3:30 - 3:45

Strengthen the Capacity ofDeveloping Countries to Prepare andManage National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories as a Basis for Effective
Implementation of the Enhanced
Transparency Framework Under theParis Agreement
Questions and Answers, Discussion

Mr. Dominique Revet(UNFCCC)

3:45 - 4:15

Session II: New Reporting Formats and Tools Under the Paris
Agreement
Chair: Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB/Rapporteur:
Bogor Agricultural University)(GIO)

4:15 - 4:45
4:45 - 5:00

Break
Update on the IPCC Inventory
Software

5:00 - 5:15

FAO Support on Transparency:
Country Experiences in Asia
Evaluation of Changes in CO2Emissions Associated with
Mongolia's Raw Coal to Briquette
Conversion Policy Using GOSAT
Satellites
Questions and Answers, Discussion

5:15 - 5:30

5:30 - 6:00

47
47

All
Dr. Baasansuren
Jamsranjav (AB,IPCC/TFI)
Dr. Mirella Salvatore(FAO)
Prof. Watanabe Masataka(Chuo University)

AllAnnex I

PM 2:30 - 3:00 JST(PM 12:30 - 1:00 ICT)
PM3:00 - 4:30 JST(PM 1:00 - 2:30 ICT)
3:00 - 3:15 JST
3:15 - 3:30
3:30 - 3:45
3:45 - 4:00
4:00 - 4:15
4:15 - 4:30
PM 4:30 - 5:00 JST(PM 2:30 - 3:00 ICT)
4:30 - 4:45
4:45 - 5:00
PM 5:00 - 6:00 JST(PM 3:00 - 4:00 ICT)
5:00 - 5:30
5:30 - 6:00

Day 5: Wednesday, 13th July 2022
Connection test
Session III: Cross-cutting Guidance for Reporting Under theParis Agreement
Chair: Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto
Rapporteur:(IPCC/TFI)(GIO)
Transparency and Completeness:
Ms. Amanda Chiu
Using Notation Keys in the U.S.
(US-EPA)
GHG Inventory
Philippines: Experience on National
Ms. Sandee Recabar
QA/QC(Philippines)
Questions and Answers, Discussion All
Fugitive Emissions from Fuels in
Ms. Tegshjargal
Mongolia and Comparison Between
Bumtsend
Reference and Sectoral Approaches(Mongolia)
Recalculations in the National GHG
Ms. Hirata Eriko
Inventory: Japan’s case
(GIO)
Questions and Answers, Discussion All
Closing Session
Summary and Closing remarks
Break

Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO)

Day 5: Wednesday, 13th July 2022
Joint Meeting of the WGIA Organizing Committee andAdvisory Board (members of the OC and AB, and the WGIA
secretariat are requested to attend)
Chair: Mr. Ito Hiroshi (GIO)
Review of Activities in WGIA19
OC/AB members
Discussion on Topics for WGIA20
OC/AB members

Abbreviations:

AB: WGIA Advisory Board
BUR: Biennial Update Report
CRTs: Common Reporting Tables
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GHG: Greenhouse Gas
GIO: Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, NIES
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC/TFI/TSU: IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Technical Support Unit
MOEJ: Ministry of the Environment, Japan
NC: National Communication
NID: National Inventory Document
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
OC: WGIA Organizing Committee
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
US-EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency

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Poster Sessions
No. Topic Title
Name, Organization
P-1
7
Preparation of Japan’s National
GIO, NIES
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and
Trends in GHG Emissions
P-2
2
High-resolution Inverse Model
Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil Maksyutov,
Estimates of Country-level Methane Fenjuan Wang, Tsuneo Matsunaga
Emissions Inferred Using GOSAT
Satellite Observation Center, Earthand Surface Observations
System Division, NIES
P-3
3
Understanding Countries’ Status and Chisa Umemiya1, Mirella Salvatore2,
Challenges for Estimation of Soil
Iordanis Tzamtzis2, Akiko Nagano2
Carbon Stock Changes in National
1 IGES, 2 FAO
Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Survey
Findings
P-4
6
Actions related to inventories in Lao Xailee Xayaxang, Laos
PDR
P-5
3
Application of Rice GHG
Nittaya Cha-un1, Amnat Chidthaisong1,
Application for MRV System
Kittipong Chaimanuskul2
Sirintornthep Towprayoon1,
1 JGSEE-KMUTT, Thailand, 2Atthajariya Co., Ltd
P-6
1
Greenhouse Gas Reduction from
Panida Payomthip, Komsilp Wangyao,
Composting Process: Case Study in Awassada Phongphiphat, Salita
ThailandKamsook, Thichakorn Pudcha,
Sirintornthep Towprayoon,
JGSEE-KMUTT, Thailand
P-7
1
Emission Factors for Vietnamese
Van Thanh Nguyen1, Koki Maeda2*,
Beef Cattle Manure Sun-drying and Yukiko Nishimura2, Trinh Thi Hongthe Effects of Drying on Manure
Nguyen1, Kinh Van La1, Dien Duc
Microbial Community
Nguyen3, Tomoyuki Suzuki2,4,
1 IASVN, 2 JIRCAS, 3 Tay Nguyen
University, 4 NARO
P-8
1
Comprehensive Assessment ofWanna Angthong1, Akinori Mori2,
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Haruthairat Kitwetcharoen3, Ornvimol
Thai Beef Cattle Production and the Kaeokliang1, Sukanya Kamphayae1,
Effect of Rice Straw Amendment on Tomoyuki Suzuki2, Yimin Cai4 andthe Manure Microbiome
Koki Maeda4,
1 DLD, 2 NARO, 3 Khon Kaen
University, 4 JIRCAS
Topics 1. Emission factor development (Sector)
2. Remote-sensing and GIS
3. Data collection and statistics
4. International support programme
5. International framework
6. Low carbon society and mitigation measures
7. Other49
49

Annex II: List of Participants

CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
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Annex II: List of Participants
Ms. GAO Minhui
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)

BY PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES(Alphabetical order by FAMILY NAME)BHUTANMr. Rinzin NAMGAYIT Division, National Environment
Commission

Dr. GAO Qingxian
Atmospheric Environmental Institute,
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences

Mr. Dorji WANGDI
Department of Forests and Park Services,
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests

Ms. LI Xiang
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)BRUNEI
Ms. Nur Syafiqah Syairah binti Haji ANUAR
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Ministry of Development

Ms. MA Cuimei
Statistics and Assessment Department,
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)

Ms. Dayang Nur Hakimah @ Juwariah binti
Haji BURHANUDDIN
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Ministry of Development

Mr. MIAO Weijie
Division of Statistics and accounting,National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)

Ms. Dk Nur Afifah Atikah Binti Pg Hj
ISMAIL
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Ministry of Development

Ms. SHOU Huantao
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)
Ms. XU Danhui
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)

CAMBODIA
Ms. MEARDEY Cheat
Department of Climate Change, National
Council for Sustainable Development,
Ministry of Environment

Mr. ZHANG Xi
Division of Statistics and accounting,National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)

Mr. PICH Sokhim
Department of Climate Change, National
Council for Sustainable Development,
Ministry of Environment

Ms. ZHANG Yu
Division of Statistics and accounting,National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)

CHINA
Ms. CHU Zhenhua
Statistics and Assessment Department,
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)

Ms. ZHOU Yuan
National Center for Climate Change Strategy
and International Cooperation (NCSC)

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INDIA
Mr. Ajay RAGHAVA
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change, Government of India

Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

INDONESIADr. Syaiful ANWAR
Directorate for GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. HIRATA Eriko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Irawan ASAAD
Directorate General of Climate Change,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. IKEDA Naoko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Prof. Rizaldi BOER
Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management, Bogor Agricultural University

Mr. ITO Hiroshi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Allan ROSRHAN
Directorate for GHG Inventory andMonitoring Reporting and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. Rajesh Achari JANARDANAN
Satellite Observation Center,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Kurnia UTAMA
Directorate for GHG Inventory andMonitoring, Reporting, and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. KOSAKA Naofumi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Prasetyadi UTOMO
Directorate for GHG Inventory andMonitoring Reporting and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. KURODA Kotoe
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the EnvironmentJAPAN
Mr. EBIE Yoshitaka
Material Cycles Division
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Ms. FUKUDA Maya
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. MAEDA Koki
Crop, Livestock and Environment Division
Japan International Research Center for
Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)

Ms. HATANAKA Elsa
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Shamil MAKSYUTOV
Satellite Observation Center,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies
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CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

Mr. MATSUBARA Minoru
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Mr. SASAKI Ken
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Mr. MIYATA Kazuaki
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Dr. SATO Atsushi
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. MORIMOTO Takashi
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. SENOO Kohei
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

Ms. Temuulen MURUN
Climate and Energy Area, Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES)

Ms. SUZUKI Shoko
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment

Ms. NISHIKAWA Junko
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment

Dr. TAKI Wakana
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. OBA Akihiro
Research and Development Initiative,
Chuo University
Dr. ODA Takefumi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. TSUJI Keitaro
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment

Mr. OYAMA Seiya
Global Environment Department, Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Dr. WATANABE Masataka
Research and Development Initiative,
Chuo University

Mr. SAKOGUCHI Sadamitsu
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment

Mr. YAMAZAKI Tomoya
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment
Dr. YANAGAWA Midori
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental Research,
Earth System Division,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. SASAGAWA Mai
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment

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Annex II
LAOS
Mr. BounEua KHAMPHILAVANH
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

Ms. Wan Nur Syuhada WAN ATA
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)
Dr. Kok Seng YAP
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)

Mr. Xailee Xayaxang
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Zaharin ZULKIFLI
Energy Commission (ST)MALAYSIA
Ms. Dayang Ratnasari ABU BAKAR
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)MONGOLIA
Ms. Tegshjargal BUMTSEND
Climate Change Research and Cooperation
Centre (CCRCC)
Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Ms. Nur Hazirah CHE ITHNIN
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)

Ms. Ijiltsetseg Dorjsuren
Climate Change Research and Cooperation
Centre (CCRCC)
Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Ms. Rafidah HASBULLAH
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)

Ms. Gerelmaa SHAARIIBUUClimate Change Research and Cooperation
Centre (CCRCC)
Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Ms. Wan Nurlaila Yusra MAT DESA
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)
Mr. Arif MISROL
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)

Ms. Davaasambuu ULZII-ORSHIKH
Climate Change Research and Cooperation
Centre (CCRCC)
Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Dr. Siti Indati MUSTAPA
Institute of Energy Policy and Research,
Tenaga National University (UNITEN)

MYANMAR
Dr. San WIN
Climate Change Division, Environmental
Conservation Department, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation

Mr. Mohamad Firdaus NAWAWI
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)
Ms. Aimi Hazwanie NORDIN
Energy Commission (ST)PHILIPPINES
Mr. Jacinth Paul APOSTOL
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission

Dr. Elizabeth MP. PHILIP
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Dr. Sugumari SHANMUGAM
Climate Change Division,
Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA)

Engr. Emmanuel CAUSON
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission
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CGER-I162-2022, CGER/NIES
CGER-I162-2022,
CGER/NIES

Ms. Aimee EVANGELISTA
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission

Mr. Gerard HENG
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency

Mr. Joe Mari FRANCISCO
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission

Mr. Hassan IBRAHIMInternational Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board

Ms. Mary Martha MERILO
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission

Mr. Fairoz MOHAMED
International Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board

Mr. Richard Victor PALMA
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission

Ms. Ester SUEN
International Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board

Ms. Sandee G. RECABAR
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission

Ms. Lorraine TAN
International Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board
Mr. Lek Kong WAN
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency

REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Mr. AHN Sangsoo
Data Science Team, Korea energy agency

THAILAND
Ms. Nittaya CHA-UN
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi (KMUTT)

Ms. LEE Sohyang
GHG Inventory Management TeamGreenhouse Gas Inventory and ResearchCenter (GIR)Ms. LEE Youngjae
Korea Environment Corporation

Mr. Sivach KAEWCHAROEN
Climate Change Management andCoordination Division, Office of Natural
Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning (ONEP)

Mr. PARK Hyungmook
Statistics Analysis Division, Korea Energy
AgencyMs. Panida PAYOMTHIP
Environmental Technology,
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi (KMUTT)

Mr. SO Byung Mok
GHG Statistics Division,
Korea Environment Corporation
SINGAPORE
Mr. Muhammad AFIQ SAB'ADI
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency

Ms. Tippawan PHOTIWUT
Climate Change Management andCoordination Division, Office of Natural
Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning (ONEP)

Ms. Winnie CHIA
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency
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Annex II
OTHERS

Dr. Sirintornthep TOWPRAYOON
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi (KMUTT)

FAO
Ms. NAGANO Akiko
Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity andEnvironment
Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations

Ms. Karnpanich TUNSKULClimate Change Management Coordination
Division, Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)

Dr. Mirella SALVATORE
Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity andEnvironment
Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations

VIETNAM
Mr. LY Viet Hung
Ozone Layer Protection and Low Carbon
Economy Development Center, Departmentof Climate Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

IPCC TFI
Dr. Baasansuren JAMSRANJAVTechnical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ms. NGUYEN Thi Minh Hue
Center for Responding to Climate Change,
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. TANABE Kiyoto
Co-Chair, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ms. TANG Quynh Anh
Ozone Layer Protection and Low Carbon
Economy Development Center, Departmentof Climate change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

UNFCCCMr. AIZAWA Tomoyuki
Systems & Tools Unit,
Transparency Division, United Nations Climate Change Secretariat (UNFCCC)

Ms. TRAN Thi Thu Trang
Centre for Responding to Climate Change,
Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Dominique REVETTeam Lead
GHG Support Unit,
Transparency Division, United Nations Climate Change Secretariat (UNFCCC)

Ms. TRAN Thu Huyen
Ozone Layer Protection and Low Carbon
Economy Development Center, Departmentof Climate change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

USEPA
Ms. Amanda CHIU
Climate Change Division,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Mr. TRUONG Nam Thang
Ozone Layer Protection and Low Carbon
Economy Development Center, Departmentof Climate change, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

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