CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I121-2015

Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA12)- Capacity building for measurability, reportability and verifiability 4-6 August 2014, Bangkok, Thailand

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I121-2015

Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
- Capacity building for measurability, reportability and verifiability 4-6 August 2014, Bangkok, Thailand

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia

- Capacity building for measurability, reportability and verifiability -Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp
Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
Copyright 2014:
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any
information retrieval system, without permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does
not own the copyrights to the presentation materials contained in this publication.
All copies in PDF format are available from: http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A),
in accordance with the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly
Goods and Services by the State and Other Entities.

Contents

Foreword .................................................................................................................................. i
Preface ..................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................... iii
Photos of the Workshop ........................................................................................................ vi
1.
Executive Summary of WGIA12 ................................................................................. 1
2.
Workshop Report ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1

Mutual Learning ..........................................................................................................................5

2.2

2.1.1 Energy Sector ................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Agriculture Sector ........................................................................................................ 10
2.1.3 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector........................................................ 13
Opening Session ........................................................................................................................16

2.3

Session I: Progress of National Communication (NCs), Biennial Update Reports (BURs) andInternational Consultation and Analysis (ICA) for BUR ..........................................................17

2.4

Session II: Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) activities in Preparation of NCs and
BURs .........................................................................................................................................18

2.5

Session III: Working Group Session 1, Cross-cutting (GHG Inventory at various levels) .......19

2.6

Session III: Working Group Session 2, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) 22

2.7

Session IV: Enhancement of Network for Supporting Measurement, Reporting andVerification at Various Levels...................................................................................................26

2.8

Wrap-up Session ........................................................................................................................28

3.

Abstracts ...................................................................................................................... 31
30

3.2

Session I ....................................................................................................................................34
35

3.3

37
Session II ...................................................................................................................................36

3.4

42
Session III WG1 Cross cutting ..................................................................................................41

3.5

48
Session III WG2 AFOLU ..........................................................................................................47

3.6

58
Session IV..................................................................................................................................57

3.1

31
Opening Session ........................................................................................................................30

Annex I: Agenda ................................................................................................................... 65
The 12th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA12) ................................................. 65

Annex II: List of Participants ............................................................................................. 71

Foreword
The international community now recognizes increases in anthropogenic emissions ofgreenhouse gases (GHGs) as the primary cause of climate change and its impacts. The 5thAssessment Report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in2013 stated that “the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide(CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have all increased since 1750 due to humanactivity.” Moreover, since 2012, many GHG observatories including Mauna Loa Observatory
in Hawaii have noticed that the daily mean concentration or monthly mean concentration of
CO2 surpassed 400 parts per million (ppm) in May for the first time. In order to address
mitigation and adaptation to climate change, all of us on the globe have been making more
efforts than ever in both scientific and political fields.
Furthermore, “measurement, reporting and verification”, abbreviated as MRV, are importantfor ensuring the transparency and accuracy of each country’s mitigation actions byquantifying anthropogenic GHG emissions. In this respect, national GHG inventories, which
provide information on GHG emissions and their trends over time, play a critical role as abasis for decision makers to design and implement strategies of their countries’ mitigation
actions for reducing GHG emissions.
In order to support the enhancement of capacities for national GHG inventories in Asian
countries, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the“Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with thesupport of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). This workshop supports
government officials, compilers, and researchers in the Asian countries to develop andimprove their GHG inventories through enhancing regional information exchange. The
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), affiliated with the Center for Global
Environmental Research (CGER), NIES, has functioned as the Secretariat for this workshop
since its first session.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 12th WGIA, which was held on August 4-6,
2014, in Bangkok, Thailand. We hope that this report will be useful for all those who work in
the field of GHG inventory as well as climate change, and will contribute to the further
progress of inventory development in Asia.

Hitoshi Mukai
Director
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental Studiesi─i─Preface
An important lesson that we have learned from experience in the history of the UNFCCC is
the importance of “measuring, reporting and verifying” (MRV). This includes measuring theeffects of emissions reduction initiatives; reporting the results of the measurement on theinternational stage; and verifying the status of reductions. MRV ensures the transparency andaccuracy of reports on each country’s mitigation actions.
For steady implementation of MRV, it is essential to develop national systems for preparationof national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and to improve the accuracy of the inventories.
While frequent reporting of national GHG inventories as stated in the Cancun Agreements
and Durban Outcomes encourages all Parties to consider improving their inventory qualityand developing appropriate institutional arrangements and inventory preparation processes,
the GHG inventories are also being accepted more and more as being valuable because theinventories support transparency and accuracy of implementation of the national mitigation
actions in a MRV manner. Furthermore, GHG inventories also help form the basis for
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions.
Since its first session in 2003, WGIAs have been held twelve times so far. WGIAs havecontributed significantly to the construction and consolidation of a network of officials
involved in GHG inventory preparation in Asian countries and other institutes, and to theidentification and solution of common issues of relevance to the inventories.
This time, the 12th WGIA (WGIA12) was held from 4 to 6 August, 2014 in Bangkok,
Thailand, as a capacity building workshop for MRV. The items set out for this workshop bytaking into consideration the current situation of the member countries were all essential forthe improvement of their inventories.
The outcomes of the WGIA12 are summarized in this report as Proceedings. It is our hopethat this report will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the
GHG inventories of the WGIA-member countries.
In conclusion, we would like to thank all the attendees for their participation and active
contribution to the success of the workshop.

Yukihiro Nojiri

Yu KameiManager
Chief Official
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office
Center for Global Environmental Research
Global Environment Bureau
National Institute for Environmental Studies Ministry of the Environment, Japan

ii

─ ii ─

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AD
AFOLU
AIM
APN
ASEAN
BAU
BR
BUR
CDM
CEOS
CGE
CGER
CH4
CITC
CO2
COP
CS-EF
EF
FAO
FAOSTATFFPRI
F gases
GEF
GFOI
GHG
Gg
GIO
GIZ
GPG
GPG-LULUCF
HEAT+
HFCs
IAP-CAS
ICA
ICLEI
IGES
IGES KUC
INC

Activity Data
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Asia-Pacific Integrated Model
Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research
Association of South‐East Asian Nations
Business as Usual
Biennial Report
Biennial Update Report
Clean Development Mechanism
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
Consultative Group of Experts
Center for Global Environmental Research
MethaneClimate Change International Technical and Training Center
Carbon dioxide
Conference of the Parties
Country-Specific Emission Factor
Emission Factor
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Statistics Division
Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteHydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons, and Sulphur
hexafluoride
Global Environmental Facility
The Global Forest Observations Initiative
Greenhouse Gas
Giga gram (109 g)
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of JapanThe Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change
and Forestry
The Harmonized Emissions Analysis Tool plus
Hydrofluorocarbons
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences
International Consultation and Analysis
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
IGES Kitakyushu Urban Centre
Initial National Communicationiii

─ iii ─

INDC
IPCC
IPCC TFI-TSU
IP
IPPU
JCM
JICA
KECO
KP
LCS
LDC
LEAD Program
LoCARNet
LULUCF
ML
MOEJ
MURC
MRV
N2O
NAI
NAMA
NC
NEDO
NIES
NIR
NFMS
ONEP
PFCs
QA
QC
RA
REDD
REDD+

REL
RL
RS
SA
SBI
SBSTA

Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC, Task Force on National GHG Inventories, TechnicalSupport Unit
Industrial Processes
Industrial Processes and Product Use
Joint Crediting Mechanism
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Korea Environment Corporation
Kyoto Protocol
Low-carbon Society
Least Developed Country
USAID Low Emissions Asian Development Program
Low-Carbon Asia Research Network
Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Mutual Learning
Ministry of the Environment of Japan
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd., Japan
Measurability, Reportability, and Verifiability / Measurement,
Reporting, and Verification
Nitrous oxide
Non Annex I
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
National Communication
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization
National Institute for Environmental Studies
National Inventory Report
National Forest Monitoring Systems
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning, Thailand
Perfluorocarbons
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Reference Approach
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest
Degradation in developing countries
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest
Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable
Management of Forests, and Enhancement of Forest Carbon
StocksReference Emission Level
Reference Level
Remote Sensing
Sectral Approach
Subsidiary Body for Implementation
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Adviceiv

─ iv ─SEA
SEA GHG Project
SF6
SIDS
SIGN center
SNC
TGO
TNC
TTE
UN
UNFCCC
UNDP
UNEP
USAID
USEPA
WGIA
WRI
1996 IPCC GLs
2006 IPCC GLs

South East Asia
Regional Capacity Building Project for Sustainable National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Systems inSoutheast Asia
Sulphur hexafluoride
Small Island Developing States
Sistem Inventarisasi Gas Rumah Kaca Nasional (National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory System) center
Second National Communication
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public
Organization)
Third National Communication
Team of Technical Experts
United Nations
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
United States Agency for International Development
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
World Resources Institute
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventoriesv─v─

Photos of the Workshop
Welcome Address

Overall Chairperson

Closing Remarks

Mr. Suphot Tovichakchaikul

Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri

Dr.Natthanich Asvapoositkul

Registration

Mutual Learning Sessions
EnergyMeeting Room for Plenary Sessions

Agriculture

LULUCF

Receptionvi

─ vi ─

Chairpersons for Plenary Sessions
Opening Session
Session I

Mrs. Prasertsuk
Chamornmarn
Session III WG1

Session II

Dr. Retno Gumilang Dewi

Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav

Session III WG2

Session IV

Asst. Prof. Dr. Bundit
Dr. Rizaldi Boer
Limmeechokchai
Discussions in the Plenary Sessions:
Information Exchanges in Tea Breaksvii

─ vii ─Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya

1. Executive Summary of WGIA12

Proceedings of the 12th WorkshopProceedingsonof the 12th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA12)
Greenhouse
Gas
Inventories
in Asia (WGIA12)
CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

1. Executive Summary of WGIA12

The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute forEnvironmental Studies (NIES) convened the 12th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
Inventories in Asia (WGIA12) on 4-6 August 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand, as a capacity
building workshop for Measurability, Reportability and Verifiability (MRV). Ever since 2003
the workshops have aimed at supporting Non-Annex I (NAI) Parties in Asia to develop andimprove their GHG inventories. The 12th workshop was attended by over 120 experts fromfourteen WGIA-member countries (Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic ofKorea, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, andVietnam), as well as the representatives of the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Forceon National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC TFI-TSU), the Regional Capacity Building
Project for Sustainable National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Systems inSoutheast Asia (SEA GHG Project), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Foodand Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), The Global Forest Observations
Initiative (GFOI), Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN), the U.S. Agency
for International Development (USAID), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
and relevant Japanese institutes. The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) at theCenter for Global Environmental Research (CGER) of NIES functioned as the WGIA12
Secretariat.
The objectives of the workshop were: To enhance sector-specific capacity for inventory compilation (mutual learning) To facilitate periodical national GHG inventory preparation for national
communications (NCs) and biennial update reports (BURs)
 To discuss the possibility of inventories as a supporting tool for mitigation
measures/NAMAs
 To explore issues on measurability, reportability and verifiability (MRV) at various
levels.
In this WGIA12, Biennial update reports (BURs) which will be submitted by
Non-Annex I countries in the end of this year and International Consultation and Analysis(ICA) of BUR were discussed. To conduct consultation and technical analysis of BUR in its
ICA procedure, the necessity of making more accurate GHG Inventories and the importanceof QA/QC activities were recognized.
Also the importance of MRV at various levels, such as region and city levels, forverification of implementation and planning for NAMA was confirmed. In the AFOLU sector,
the necessity of consolidating stable systems of GHG inventory for applying high cost benefit
technology and continuous communication with inventory compilers and researchers who
provide new technology was pointed out.
Through this WGIA12, the capacity development of participants’ countries for MRV
and the network to make BUR were enhanced aiming at making BUR, conducting ICA and
implementing the intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs).
WGIA 13 will be held in Indonesia, and BURs which have been submitted by
Non-Annex I Parties in this year will be presented by the participants. In addition, Mutual
Learning and discussions about ICA will be conducted in the next WGIA.
The presentations and discussions on each subject are summarized below.
1─1─

1. 1.

1. Executive Summary of WGIA12

Workshop Report
Opening session
WGIA and Japan's climate change policies as well as the current situation of Japan were
presented. Next, Thailand's climate change mitigation policies were presented by Thailand as
the host country. Enhancement of MRV activities using accurate inventories for NCs and
BURs will contribute to planning and verifying Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions(NAMAs). This will also help form the basis for Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions (INDCs) which all Parties are required to make after 2020.
Mutual Learning of each sector’s GHG Inventories
The purpose of Mutual Learning is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of
methods and data for GHG emission/removal estimation between two countries andexchanging comments on the methods and data. In this WGIA12, Mutual Learning sessions
for the energy sector (Indonesia and Myanmar), agriculture sector (China and Mongolia) and
LULUCF sector (Vietnam) were conducted.
The participating countries of Mutual Learning said that they identified good practices ofeach other, and that the experience of attendance would contribute to future inventory
improvement which is a part of BUR. Also, sharing the background information of GHG
Inventory in detail contributes the productive discussions.
Progress on National Communication, Biennial Update Report and International
Consultation and Analysis
Non-Annex I Parties will submit BURs every two years, and the first BUR will be
submitted by December, 2014. Therefore, the UNFCCC Secretariat presented NCs, BURs,
and the framework and roles of the Team of Technical Experts (TTE) for ICA of the first BUR
which was decided in COP 19 last year via Skype. Furthermore, UNEP presented UNEP-GEF
support programmes and projects to support the building of the countries’ capacity to make
GHG Inventories continuously. The components of submitted BURs and the procedure of ICA
were discussed.
Quality Assurance/ Quality Control (QA/QC) Activities in Preparation of NCs and
BURs
The representative of IPCC TFI-TSU pointed out that QA/QC of inventories needed toconsider the balance between time constraints and cost benefit. He also noted that the ICA
process of BUR had a similar nature to QA in that it is conducted by a third party, although it
may not be regarded as QA. He mentioned that ICA would give non-Annex I Parties whichlack sufficient human resources of QA new opportunities to improve the quality of their GHG
inventories.
The QA/QC support program for NCs by UNEP, the database for the AFOLU sector by
FAO, QA/QC activities in the capacity development project and experience of QA/QC
activities for NCs by Lao P.D.R. were presented. The necessary QA/QC activities for
preparation of NCs and BURs were discussed for ICA which is conducted after the BUR
submission. The importance of archiving the process for QA/QC in terms of transparency
which is the objective for ICA was confirmed.
Working group 1: GHG Inventories at Various Levels
IGES, ICLEI and NIES mentioned the relationships between GHG inventories atregional/city level and ones at the national level, and noted GHG inventories at regional/citylevel played a role of the future GHG emission/removal projection.
2─2─CGER-I121-2015,
CGER/NIES
CGER-I121-2015,
CGER/NIES

The achievement and gaps of making the GHG Inventories at regional/city level werereported by Thailand, Indonesia, Korea and India. Participants noted that local inventories
would be important to highlight the co-benefits, how it would contribute decision-making inpolicy development, and that there would be more chances to attract funding.
Working group 2: AFOLU Sector
The agendas regarding making inventory in AFOLU sector were reported by Vietnam,
Malaysia, and Cambodia; probable ways of support by Donor sides (FFPRI, FAO, GFOI)
including Japan were suggested.
Hokkaido University and USAID mentioned technical discussions regarding calculationof GHG emissions from soil which contains soil peat accompanied by many problems. As aresult, to ensure consistency of international data, it was suggested that reviewing definitionsof forest which differs from country to country, making an accurate and cost-effective
inventory which consistent with REDD+, and utilizing cost-effective new technologies
including remote sensing method would be necessary.
Enhancement of Network for Supporting Measurement, Reporting and Verification(MRV) at Various Levels
IGES reported cases of actions for sharing of knowledge by Low-Carbon Asia Research
Network (LoCARNet) and of research partnership and MRV support by APN in Asia-Pacificregion. Then, they noted many other cases of actions including implementation of MRV at
regional/city level in Kitakyushu City, planned support activities by Thailand, a guidebook topromote understanding of MRV by IGES, and support activities by NEDO at Joint Crediting
Mechanism (JCM) projects. Through discussions, it was recognized that enhancing theexchange of information at various levels would play a crucial role to plan on NAMA projects
and monitor the state of implementation of them, and would also contribute to make INDCs
which every nations are required to draw framework after 2020.

3

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2. Workshop ReportProceedings of the 12th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA12)
CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

2. Workshop Report

Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of GIO:
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wg12/wg12index-e.html

2.1 Mutual Learning
Overview of the Mutual Learning
Mutual Learning (ML) is an activity to improve the individual countries’ inventories
through a series of processes: 1) exchanging inventories between two countries, 2) learningfrom a partner’s inventory, and 3) exchanging comments on each other’s inventories. The
primary purpose of the ML is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of methods
and data for GHG emission/removal estimation between two countries and exchanging
comments on the methods and data. The ML is also expected to foster and strengthen acooperative relationship among GHG inventory experts. Since the aim of the ML is notcriticism or audit, participants can conduct a two-way communication, not a one-way
communication like an examiner versus an examinee.
The first Mutual Learning was held on the waste sector between GIO and Korea
Environment Corporation (KECO) in the annual workshop in 2008. The Secretariat of WGIA
introduced this activity in WGIA8 in 2010. With the participants’ agreement, ML has been
held in the following WGIAs as one of the sessions.
Table 1 History of Mutual Learning

2008
2009
2010
JPN-KORJPNJPNOutside(WholeKOR
KOR
WGIA(Waste) (Waste) inventory)
WGIA6 WGIA7 WGIA8

WGIAactivity -

-

2011

2012

2013

2014

-

-

-

-

WGIA9
IDN-MNG(Energy)

WGIA10
WGIA11
KHM-THA LAO-THA(Energy)(Energy)
IDN-JPN(IP)
IDN-VNM CHN-MMR(Agriculture) (Agriculture)

Introductionof ML(as hands on
JPN-LAO
training)(LULUCF)IDN-KHMKOR(Waste)--CHN-KOR(Waste)

MYS-VNM(Waste)WGIA12
IDN-MMR(Energy)
CHN-MNG(Agriculture)
VNM(LULUCF)* CHN = China, IDN = Indonesia, JPN = Japan, KHM = Cambodia, LAO = Lao P.D.R.,
MMR = Myanmar, MNG = Mongolia, MYS = Malaysia, KOR = Republic of Korea, THA =Thailand, VNM = Vietnam.
Participants
In December 2013, the WGIA Secretariat advertised the ML to the participants of
WGIA, and received applications from 29 teams from 8 parties. Considering the requirementsof the applicants and an appropriate balance among sectors and the feasibility of
implementation, the WGIA Secretariat set up two pairs (Indonesia and Myanmar on energy
sector, China and Mongolia on agriculture sector, and Vietnam on LULUCF sector) on April
2014.
─5─

5

2. Workshop Report

1. 1.

Workshop Report
Preparation
A few months before WGIA12, the chosen participants in the ML submitted thematerials of their inventories to the WGIA Secretariat, including worksheets used for
estimating emissions and reports describing details of methodologies, and exchanged thematerials among partner countries through the Secretariat. Through studying the materials
provided by each partner country, the participants found good points as well as shortcomingsof each other’s inventory. They also found issues to clarify by questions. Thus, participants
wrote such comments and questions to their partner countries into “Question and Answer
Sheets". After that, the “Question and Answer Sheets” were shared with the partner countries
through the Secretariat. The partner countries responded to these comments and questions
before WGIA12.
Table 2 Preparation Process of Mutual Learning
Process
Schedule
Submission of materials
Late April – Late May
Material Exchange
Early June
Studying the materials
During June
Comment exchange
JulyAnswers to comments
July
Sessions
4th August 2014
Discussions
In the WGIA12, the participants split into three sessions (Energy, Agriculture and
LULUCF) and discussed sector-specific issues based on preliminary comment exchanges. In
order to encourage a frank discussion and to ensure confidence, these sessions were closed.
Through the discussions, Participants studied partner countries' methodologies to estimate
GHG emissions which were different from their own methods, and found out hints to improvetheir own inventories from the partner country’s questions. They also shared their own
technical issues (e.g. data collection, adoption of emission factors, national system, etc.) withthe partners to overcome the obstacles.
Several participants who attended past MLs expressed that they had improved theirinventories through the experience of MLs. They also emphasized that the ML programme
was very effective to refine the inventory before its official submission to the UNFCCC such
as NCs and BURs and was a good exercise for International Consultation and Analysis (ICA)of BUR. The participants of WGIA12 recognized the efficacy of ML in improving theirinventories, and agreed to continuous implementation of ML in future WGIAs.
The points of discussion and outcomes of each individual ML session are summarized in
the following sections (2.1.1 - 2.1.3).

2.1.1 Energy Sector
Sector Overview
Indonesia and Myanmar participated in a ML session for energy sector. The general
information of the two countries was shown in Table 3:

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

National total GHG
emissions (Gg-CO2 eq.)
GHG emissions in theenergy sector (Gg-CO2
eq.)
Responsible agency forthe inventory
Origin of estimation
method in the energy
sector
Source of emission
factors
Source of activity data

Table 3 Sector Overview
Indonesia
665,543.89 (in 2005, without
LUCF and peat fire)369,799.88 (in 2005)

Myanmar33,996.4 (in 2000, without
LUCF)
7,863.47 (in 2000)

Ministry of Environment

Ministry of Environmental
Conservation and Forestry
2006 IPCC Guidelines Tier 1 2006 IPCC Guidelines Tier 2
for CH4 and N2O estimation
method in some area oftransport category, and Tier 1
for the other categories
2006 IPCC Guidelines default 2006 IPCC Guidelines default
valuesvaluesEnergy balance tables
Acquired and requested basis
data mainly, and some official
statistics

Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA12, both countries exchanged their
documents relevant to GHG emission estimation of the sector each other two months before
the workshop. The exchanged documents were as follows:Indonesia:- Second National Communication 2011
- Emission estimation sheet (Excel)- Energy balance tables (Excel)- Emission summary and RA vs. SA tables (Excel)
Myanmar:- Initial National Communication 2012
- Activity data sheet (Excel)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided
questions and comments to their partner country approximately one month before theworkshop. The classification and the number of the questions were as follows.
Table 4 Classification of Questions

Classification of question
Estimation method
Activity data
Other

Number of questions
from Myanmar
to Indonesia
3
2
1

from Indonesia
to Myanmar1
41

Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the mutual learning, several issues and good practices in the participating
countries’ preparation of GHG inventory have been identified.
─ 77 ─

2. Workshop Report
1.
1.

Workshop Report➢Issues and solutions
Indonesia:
The issues raised for Indonesia were: 1) there was difficulty in applying Tier 2 method
due to a complexity of data collection; 2) some calculation errors are found in the inventory
and the improvement of QC system might be necessary.
In Indonesia, there are a lot of cities, provinces and industrial entities, and the using
conditions of cars in urban area and in rural area are quite different. These make theapplication of Tier 2 method difficult.
Myanmar:
The issues raised for Myanmar were: 1) the collection of activity data is insufficient; 2)
the emission estimation process has not been verified by others and establishment of QC
system is necessary.
➢Good Practices
Indonesia:
The good practices identified for Indonesia were: 1) a good institutional arrangement has
been already established and is functioning; 2) the energy balance tables are fully developed.
The fully developed energy balance tables are effective to minimize the discrepancy between
reference approach and sectoral approach.
Myanmar:
The good practices identified for Myanmar were: 1) Tier 2 method is already adopted insome area of transport category; 2) a good institutional arrangement of the energy sector isplanned and some committees for energy management have been established; 3) the reference
approach and sectoral approach are used and compared to compensate insufficient data toeach other.
➢Possible follow-up activities
Indonesia may be able to help in creating energy balance tables of Myanmar, and once
Myanmar have developed the energy balance tables, cross-check of the GHG estimates using
energy balance tables and Tier 2 method between two countries would be possible.
Both countries also can communicate regarding how to develop and implement QA/QC
system.
➢Suggestions for future ML and WGIA
It may be a good learning opportunity if ML focuses on how to develop and improve AD,
EF and calorific values, and there is a possibility to develop and use the same EF values ifsome fuels are exported or imported among the participating countries. Also, it’s better to use
1st BUR for the next mutual learning materials.

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Table 5 List of Participants in the Mutual Learning on Energy Sector
Name
Organization
Title
Mr. Dida Migfar SIGN Center, Ministry of
Head of SIGN Center
RIDHA
Environment
Dr. Retno
Center for Research on
Head
Gumilang
Energy Policy – Institute of
DEWI
Technology, Bandung
Ms. Siti Ina
Climate Mitigation andStaff
MalayniAtmospheric Function
KAMIL
Preservation, Ministry ofEnvironment
Ms. Nela Anjani SIGN Center, Ministry ofTechnical Assistant for the
LUBIS
Environment
Capacity Development forDeveloping National GHG
Inventory in Indonesia
Myanmar Mr. Than AYE
Environmental
Director
Conservation Department,
Ministry of Environmental
Conservation and Forestry
Prof. Myo
Environmental Committee
Central Executive Committee
NYUNT
Myanmar Engineering
MemberSociety
Mr. Myint SOE Pollution Control
National Project Coordinator
Department, Ministry ofEnvironmental
Conservation and ForestryJapan
Mr. AkiraGIO
GHG Inventory Expert
OSAKO
Mr. Naofumi
KOSAKAMr. Hiroshi ITO
Mr. Tomoki
Environment and Energy
Analyst
TAKAHASHI
Dept., MURC
Mr. Yu KAMEI Low-carbon Society
Chief Official
Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment
Country
Indonesia

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2.1.2 Agriculture Sector
Sector Overview
China and Mongolia participated in the Mutual Learning in the Agriculture Sector. The
general information of the two countries is as follows.
Table 6 Sector Overview
China
National total GHG emissions 7,467,090 (in 2005)(Gg-CO2 eq., without LUCF)
GHG emissions in the819,970 (in 2005)
Agriculture Sector (Gg-CO2
eq.)
Responsible agency for the
National Development
inventory
and Reform Commission
Entity in charge of GHG
Chinese Academy ofemission calculation
Agricultural Sciences
and IAP-CAS
Origin of estimation methodin the Agriculture Sector
Source of activity data
Emission Factors

GPG (2000) andcountry-specific models
Yearbooks
Mainly, CS-EFs
constructed fromdomestic research papers
and default EFs in GPG(2000)

Mongolia
15,628 (in 2006)
6,462 (in 2006)
Ministry of Environment
and Green Development
Climate Change
Coordination Office, theMinistry of Environment
and Green Development
Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines
National statistics
Mainly, CS-EFs anddefault EFs described inrevised IPCC Guidelines

Materials Used
In order to prepare for the Mutual Learning, both countries submitted their estimation
documents of the sector and exchanged their documents with each other three months before
the session in the WGIA12. The exchanged documents are as follows.
China:-The Second National Communication of Climate Change of China-GHG emissions from China croplands-Research papers (6 papers, for rice cultivation, agricultural soil and livestock)-Number of Livestock (Excel)
Mongolia:-Document for Agriculture Sector-Number of Animals (Excel)-Mongolia's GHG Inventory Excel Spreadsheets_1990-2006 (Calculation files)-Document for agriculture sector of tentative new inventory-Mongolia's GHG Inventory Excel Spreadsheets_1990-2012 (Calculation files) (of tentative
new inventory)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the estimation documents, both countries studied them and submitted
questions and comments to the partner country approximately two months before the session.
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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIESThe answers to the questions were provided prior to the session. The classification and thenumber of the questions are as follows.
Table 7 Classification of questions
Number of questions
Classification of question
from Mongolia
from China
to China
to Mongolia
Acquisition of activity data
42
Adoption of emission factors or 0
3
parameters
Estimation method
03Institutional arrangement
2
1
Others03Outcomes of Mutual Learning
In the session of WGIA12, Mongolia made a short presentation for the tentative newinventory which included a new estimation method and EFs. Basically, questions and answers
and discussions were made for their new tentative inventory in the session. On the other hand,
China made a short presentation for national system, crop soils and livestock, and discussion
was made for the exchanged inventory and these presentations. Through the ML, several
issues and good practices of the GHG inventory have been pointed out for both countries.
➢Issues and solutions/ Other points for discussion
In the question and answer sheets and discussion of the session, a lot of information was
exchanged. Key discussion points for issues and solutions, and other points for discussion are
as follows:
1) For Mongolia’s AD, national statistics with some assumptions by expert judgment
for disaggregation were used. These expert judgments were documented in a report(in Mongolian).
2) For Mongolia’s EFs, default EFs described in the revised 1996 IPCC guidelines andcountry-specific EFs which were induced by Tier 2 methods with country-specificparameters were used.
3) For Mongolia, disaggregation in the cattle category may improve estimation
methods by reflecting the country’s specific situation.
4) For Mongolia’s manure management, it may be better to remove “Goats” from
“Others” and calculate it as an independent sub-category for clarification.
5) China estimated CH4 from enteric fermentation by using the Tier 2 method
described in the GPG (2000) with country-specific parameters to calculate grossenergy.
6) China estimated CH4 and N2O from manure management by using the Tier 2
method with EFs described in the GPG (2000) and province-level data.
7) China’s manure management data at the province level in similar climate conditions
with Mongolia may be a good reference for Mongolia.
8) China used updated models to estimate CH4 from rice cultivation (CH4MOD
model) and N2O from agricultural soil (IAP-N model).
9) Characterization of cattle such as species, size, milk yield, and feed practice, which
relate to CH4 emission estimation for enteric fermentation, was discussed deeply inthe session.
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Commission (NDRC), which belongs to the government, is in charge of National
Communications. In addition, each sector’s inventory is developed sector by sector.
There are several research groups involved in developing China’s GHG inventory,
such as research institutes and universities.
➢Good Practices
Some good practices were pointed out through the Mutual Learning. They are as follows
1) Generally, Mongolia uses spreadsheets based on the revised 1996 IPCC guidelines
for its inventory. The usage of spread sheets described in the Guidelines makes it
easy for us to understand.
2) China uses country specific data for manure management. It may reflect theparticular national situation more effectively.
3) Mongolia conducted recalculation in the tentative new inventory with newly
developed EFs and corrected their mistake of estimation. It is a Good Practicebecause it leads to consistency and continuous improvement.
4) Mongolia prepared time series emission data from 1990 to 2012.
5) China’s estimation methods and CS-EFs for rice paddy fields and agricultural soils
were developed using a model based on actual measurement data which had beencollected across China. This information is documented in the academic papers
which were attached as materials for this Mutual Learning.
➢Possible follow-up activities
Mongolia is planning to describe detailed information for CS-EFs calculation data intheir reports for livestock. In addition, Mongolia would recheck some points described above
which may improve their inventory. Chinese and Mongolian experts including those who did
not participated in this session will discuss about CS-EFs calculations.
➢Suggestions and comments for future ML and WGIA
The participants’ suggestions for future Mutual Learning were as follows:
1) Background information exchange for CS-EFs helps to make more fruitful
discussions.
2) It is a good opportunity for each country to understand each other’s situation.
3) It may be better to prepare a short presentation material for the session
warming-up.
4) Mongolia had some difficulty with the schedule for the exchange of question andanswer sheets, because of overlap of the schedule for the preparation of thetentative new inventory. However, it provided a meaningful chance to check its
new inventory. Finally, in the session, China and Mongolia considered that thetime schedule of Mutual Learning from material exchange to this meeting wasappropriate.

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Participants
Country
China

Name
Dr. Shenghui Han

Dr. Wen Zhang

Dr. Zhiping Zhu

Mongolia

Ms. Tegshjargal
Bumtsend
Ms. Sanaa
Enkhtaivan
Facilitators Mr. Kohei Sakai(Chair)Dr. Junko Akagi
Mr. Kazumasa
Kawashima
Dr. Akinori Mori

Organization
State Key Laboratory ofAtmospheric Boundary Layer
Physics and Atmospheric
Chemistry, IAP-CAS
State Key Laboratory ofAtmospheric Boundary Layer
Physics and Atmospheric
Chemistry, IAP-CAS
Institute of Environment andSustainable Development inAgriculture, Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences
Ministry of Environment andGreen Development
Ministry of Environment andGreen Development
GIO

Title
Associate
Professor
Assistant
Professor
Associate
Professor
Officer for
GHG Inventory
Officer for
GHG Inventory
GHG Inventory
ExpertTask Manager

Kitakyushu Urban Centre,
Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies
Environment and Energy Dept.,
Chief Analyst
Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting Co., Ltd.
Institute of Livestock andSeniorGrassland Science,
Researcher
National Agriculture and Food
Research Organization

2.1.3 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector
Sector Overview
Vietnam participated in the mutual learning session for Land Use, Land-Use Change andForestry sector. Experts of the GHG inventory-related matters for the LULUCF sector also
participated in this ML session in order to provide comments for the improvement ofVietnam’s GHG inventory. The general information of Vietnam was shown in Table 8.

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National total GHG
emissions (Gg-CO2 eq.,
without LUCF)
GHG emissions/removals in
the LULUCF sector(Gg-CO2 eq.)
Responsible agency for theinventory
Origin of estimation methodin the LULUCF sector
Source of emission factors
Source of activity data*

Table 8 Sector Overview

Vietnam
Not provided-30.535 (in Draft NIR 2010)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Vietnam
GPG-LULUCF *・The default values of GPG-LULUCF and 2006 IPCC
GLs
・Country-specific parameters
・Forest area by province from the Forestry Protection
Department
・Forest area and volume in each forest type for eight eco
region from Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute・Area of perennial crop from General Statistics Office
・Area of land conversion were calculated from the land
use matrix of the General Department of Land
Administration
・Land use map from General Department of Land
Administration in 2000 and 2010
・Soil map from Soil Fertilizer Research Institution

GPG-LULUCF: IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry

Materials Used
In order to prepare for the mutual learning session in WGIA12, Vietnam provided their
documents relevant to GHG emission/removal estimation for the sector to Secretariat twomonths before the workshop. The provided documents were as follows:- 4_LULUCF_estimation_2010.xlsx (Excel)- 9_LULUCF_170520_WorkShop_final_rev.pptx (Power Point)- NIR 2005 LULUCF (Eng) (need to update for 2010).docx (Documents)- NIR 2010 LULUCF_09MAY.docx (Documents)
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the mutual learning, several issues and good practices in Vietnam’s GHG
inventory have been identified.
➢Issues and solutions
For forest land area, un-published data are used in Vietnam. The statistics data wasprioritized for official use in estimating GHG emissions. Use of the satellite data may be thepoint of future improvement. In order to implement the GHG inventory for LULUCF in
accordance with GPG-LULUCF, the Vietnamese country-specific land use categories werereorganized into six land use categories as defined by GPG-LULUCF.
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In final 2010 report, estimations for mineral soil are being prepared; land use on organic
soil calculation is to be considered; parameters for the Gain-Loss method (especially losses ofcarbon of firewood) need a little more consideration.
➢Good Practice
The good practices identified in the 2010 inventory compared to that for 2005 were: 1)
the provided materials were transparent; 2) Emissions from dead organic matter associatedwith deforestation are newly calculated; 3) Non-CO2 gas emissions due to on-site burning of
biomass associated with deforestation are newly calculated; 4) Tier 2 method described in
IPCC Guidelines were used in forest land remaining forest land.
➢Possible follow-up activities
Vietnam experts will discuss the use of IPCC Guidelines such as the 2013 Supplements tothe 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
➢Suggestions for future mutual learning and WGIA
Vietnam will modify their inventories with focus on carbon stock change in soil, andwants to participate in Mutual Learning in the next WGIA. Efforts to improve consistency ofdata used for REDD and the GHG inventory can be considered.

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Table 9 List of Participants in the Mutual Learning on LULUCF Sector

Country
VietnamName
Mr. Hung TrongNGUYENMr. Song Lan BACH

Ms. Trang Minh DAO

Facilitator Dr. Midori
YANAGAWA (Chair)
Ms. Elsa HATANAKA
Prof. Mitsuru OSAKI
Dr. Rizaldi BOER

Dr. Simon
EGGLESTON
Mr. Atsushi SATO
Ms. Takako ONO

Organization
GHG Emission Monitoring and
Low Carbon Economy
Department of Meteorology,
Hydrology and Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment
Land Statistics Department ofLand Registration, General
Department of Land
Administration, Ministry of
Natural Resources andEnvironment
Climate Change ResearchCenterInstitute of Meteorology,
Hydrology, and Environment
GIO, NIES

Research Faculty of Agriculture
Hokkaido University
Centre for Climate Risk andOpportunity Management of
Bogor Agriculture University(CCROM-IPB)
Group on Earth Observations,Global Forest Observation
Initiative
Environment and Energy Dept.,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting Co., Ltd.
Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES)

Title
Official

Deputy Head

Deputy HeadGHG Inventory
ExpertProfessor
Director

GFOI Office
Coordinator
Senior analyst
Task Manager
on Asia Low
Carbon Strategy

2.2 Opening Session
The opening session was chaired by Mrs. Prasertsuk Chamornmarn (TGO, Thailand), andthe rapporteur was Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO).
The welcome address was delivered by Mr. Yu Kamei, officer of the Low-Carbon Society
Promotion Office, MOEJ, followed by the welcome address delivered by Mr. Suphot
Tovichakchaikul, Deputy Permanent Secretary Minister of Natural Resources andEnvironment of Thailand.
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Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO) gave an overview of WGIAs and introduced the organization of
WGIA in progress, objectives, participants, and the agenda of WGIA12. The objectives of
WGIA12 were:
To enhance sector-specific capacity for inventory compilation,
To facilitate periodical national GHG inventory preparation for national
communications (NCs) and biennial update reports (BURs),To explore good practice for further improvement of QA/QC activities of future
GHG inventory compilation,
To promote regional GHG inventory preparation and Measurement, Reporting andVerification (MRV) activities.
He emphasized that enhancement of MRV activities using accurate inventory of NCs and
BURs will contribute to planning and verifying Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions(NAMAs). He also stressed that this will also help form the basis for Intended Nationally
Determined Contributions (INDCs).
Mr. Yu Kamei made a presentation on Japan's climate change policies as well as thecurrent situation of Japan. He reported Japan’s achievement of the target for the CP1 of the
Kyoto Protocol (-6 % below the base year level), and showed the next target of 3.8% emission
reduction in 2020 from the 2005 level which has not yet taken into account the emission
reduction effect resulting from nuclear power. He also stressed Japan will pursue the goal of
80% reduction in GHG emissions by 2050 in order to fulfill the responsibility as anindustrialized country, as is stated in the fourth Basic Environmental Plan (revised in April2012).
Dr. Natthanich Asvapoositkul (ONEP) made a presentation on Thailand's climate change
mitigation policies. She overviewed the draft Climate Change Master Plan (2013-2050) as thevision of Thailand on Climate Change Policy and Plan from 2013 to 2050. In this master plan,she showed the political goals for adaptation and mitigation on various time scales; short-termgoal to 2016 (e.g. establishment of NAMAs and MRV systems), medium-term goal to 2020
(e.g. 40% growth in forest cover and 7-20% reduction of GHG emissions from the energy andtransport sectors, relative to BAU), and long-term goal to 2050 (e.g. 25% reduction in energy
intensity relative to BAU). She also talked about Thailand’s NAMAs toward 2020.
In the discussion, the WGIA participants actively inquired about details of eachpresentation with great interest, and presenters answered to these questions.

2.3 Session I: Progress of National Communication (NCs), Biennial Update
Reports (BURs) and International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) for
BUR
This session was chaired by Dr. Retno Gumilang Dewi (Indonesia) and the rapporteur was
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO).
Non-Annex I Parties are to submit BURs every two years, and the first BUR will be
submitted by December in 2014. An ICA for the first BUR will be conducted in 2015.
Therefore, the UNFCCC Secretariat presented NCs, BURs, and ICA of the first BUR to sharethe latest information via Skype. In this session, UNEP presented UNEP-GEF support
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Inventories continuously.
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO) made an introductory presentation of this session. He overviewed
relevant articles of the Convention for NCs, first BUR and ICA of BUR. He also pointed out
challenges for NAI Parties in NC and BUR preparation.
Ms. Alma Jean (UNFCCC) made a presentation for Measurement, Reporting andVerification Framework for non-Annex I Parties under the Convention. She explained that the
BURs are subjected to ICA, which increases the transparency of mitigation actions and theireffects, through analysis by technical experts in consultation. Her presentation also
contributed to the enhancement of knowledge with the relevant context on the Convention, an
overview of the MRV framework including REDD-plus MRV.
Mr. Conrado Heruela (UNEP) made a presentation for UNEP-GEF Programmes andProjects for Supporting Capacity-Building in Climate Change Mitigation. He explained thatthe global support programmes implemented by UNEP and funded by GEF were aimed tosupport LDCs and SIDs to comply with their commitments to the UNFCCC. These
programmes and projects may integrate components to build the countries’ capacity toformulate and establish NAMAs.
In the discussion, the contents of BUR which must be submitted by December 2014 andthe necessary support for continuous inventory submission were discussed.

2.4 Session II: Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) activities in
Preparation of NCs and BURs
This session was chaired by Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (IPCC/TFI/TSU) and therapporteur was Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO).
The topic of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) was first raised in WGIA9 in
the Inventory (QA/QC) Working Group of Session III. In WGIA12, the topic of BURs wasraised again in this session, in light of the closely approaching submission deadline ofDecember 2014 of the first BURs and subsequent ICA processes. Representatives ofinternational organizations shared relevant information, and methods of ensuring good qualityof the inventory were introduced.
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/TFI/TSU) made a presentation on QA/QC activities andinternational consultation and analysis (ICA). He argued that GHG inventories needed to beof high quality so that they would be credible and believable. He noted that the ICA process
had a similar nature to QA although they may not be regarded as QA. He mentioned that ICA
would give non-Annex I Parties new opportunities to improve the quality of their GHG
inventories.
Mr. Conrado Heruela summarized QA/QC activities in ASEAN countries by citing thenational communications of these countries. He introduced the CGE training materials of
QA/QC.
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the AFOLU sector. It includes the emissions data with country details from 1961. Hedemonstrated a new tool for QA/QC in the database. Inventory compilers can compare theirown emissions estimates with those estimated by FAO through the tool. The tool will belaunched near future. He also explained several activities on capacity development forregional, sub-regional and national levels.
Lastly, Ms. Thounheuang Buithavong (Lao P.D.R.) introduced the second national
communication submitted to the UNFCCC last year. Although she mentioned that Lao P.D.R.
had no system for QA/QC for GHG emissions at that time, some approaches were used toensure good quality of the inventory. The approaches included sharing the results ofrecalculation among all stakeholders, participating in the Mutual Learning held in the past
WGIA, external review by UNDP and the review by the National Steering Committee.
During the session, participants raised the question whether the National Steering
Committee could serve as a quality QA authority. It was pointed out that it depended onwhether the Committee was directly involved in the compilation of the inventories.
The chair emphasized that ICA did not replace but only supplement the nationally organized
QA, though ICA had a similar nature to QA. Since QA/QC is not included in the requirementsof the NC reporting guidelines, it cannot be said that countries which did not mention QA/QC
in their NC did not conduct any QA/QC. On the other hand, the BUR reporting guidelines do
not prevent non-Annex I parties from reporting additional information. There was a commentthat it was a good practice to include QA/QC activities in the BUR since other countries could
take that into consideration. Lastly, the chair highlighted the importance of archiving the
QA/QC processes.

2.5 Session III: Working Group Session 1, Cross-cutting (GHG Inventoryat various levels)
With the increasing need and interest in taking action to reduce GHG emissions at the
sub-national level, interest to capture the current state of GHG emissions has also risen inrecent years. In this session, WGIA member countries and external experts gave presentations
and exchanged information on examples of GHG inventories at various levels.
This working group session was attended by 57 participants, from eight member countries(India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, andThailand) and also from Japan (MOEJ, IGES, ICLEI Japan, NEDO, MURC, Oriental
Consultants, NIES) and IPCC TFI-TSU. The chairperson of the session was Dr. Bundit
Limmeechokchai (Thailand) and the rapporteur was Dr. Chalor Jarusutthirak (Thailand).
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO) introduced the background for the session, agenda, and possible
points for discussion during the session.
Dr. Junko Akagi (IGES Kitakyushu Urban Centre) started off the session with apresentation entitled "GHG inventories at national and regional/city level." She explained thatas opposed to national GHG inventories that are mandatory requirements under UNFCCC/KP
articles/decisions, local inventories are not international requirements, and are voluntary if notdomestically mandated. Methodology and principles for estimation in local inventories can besimilar to national inventories, but sometimes adjustments can be made to better suit theneeds for local mitigation action. She concluded that information exchange among the─ 19 ─

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governments preparing the two inventories would help improve skills, such as in collection ofdata and institutional arrangements.
Following this, Ms. Michie Kishigami (ICLEI Japan) talked about ICLEI’s activities on
GHG inventories at the regional or city level. She introduced ICLEI's 1) Global Protocol for
Community-Scale GHG Emissions for standardized estimation and reporting, 2) HEAT+, an
online GHG emissions inventory tool that has also enables forecasting and preparing actionplans, and 3) Carbonn Cities Climate Registry, a voluntary on-line reporting system for local
and sub-national governments, and how these tools have helped to establish the cycle toanalyze, act, and accelerate to establish low carbon cities.
Dr. Shuichi Ashina (NIES/AIM) presented on the roles of GHG inventories at the regionalor city level for developing future GHG emission/removal projection. He stressed theimportance of low-carbon development in Asia, and introduced examples of developing
methodologies for the design of low-carbon society (LCS) scenarios and actions at theregional/city level. In doing so, he noted that establishing methodologies for
estimating/formulating regional/city Energy Balance Tables and GHG inventories are
essential for designing LCS scenarios.
In the Q&A following these presentations, a question was raised on how to get quality
data for local inventories or models for local emission scenarios by Mr. Ridha. On the latter,
Dr. Ashina introduced the NIES-AIM snap-shot model. On the former, Dr. Akagi commented
that it was important to start and gradually improve data quality. Ms. Recabar and Dr.
Bhattacharya noted the co-benefits of capturing information for each country in the form of
GHG inventories, and the purpose they serve in informed decision-making. Dr. Akagi also
noted that there are more chances to attract funding with the preparation of local inventories.
Mr. Chessada Sakulku (TGO, Thailand) followed, by kicking off for the series ofpresentations on examples of local level inventories from WGIA member countries. He
presented on Thailand’s GHG inventories at the municipal level, newly addressed by the
National Strategy on Climate Change through support to be provided towards low-carbon
cities. TGO, in response to this has initiated pilot projects in Lampang, Chiang Rai, and Nong
Samrong to support the preparation of GHG inventories, mitigation action, and low-carbon
development at the municipal level. They have found that data quality is limited and gaps andoverlaps between other municipalities occur, and that preparation of GHG inventories in itself
is a capacity building tool to better understand GHG emission-related issues in general.
Mr. Dida Migfar Ridha (Indonesia) presented on Indonesia’s GHG inventories at theregional level. He explained that inventory preparation at the regional level is mandated under
Presidential Decree No. 71/2011 for the preparation of the national inventory, in that theywould provide activity data and emission factors for the national inventory. The role ofinventories at the regional level is also becoming more important since every province hascompiled a Regional Action Plan for GHG Emission Reduction ("RAD-GRK"). He noted thatthe challenges for regional inventories to be; 1) avoiding trans-boundary double-counting, 2)
ensuring consistency in methodology especially with regard to AD, and 3) capturing thevariability of local emission factors at the national level calculation.
Mr. Tae-Hoon Kim (KECO, Republic of Korea) followed with a presentation entitled“National GHG Inventory in 2011 and Local GHG Inventory.” He explained that KECO is
responsible for drawing up the national waste sector inventory report and the local
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government GHG inventory report, and that currently the former has been estimated mainly
based on the 1966 IPCC Guidelines while the latter has been estimated using the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines. Through this process, the activity data, EFs, and methodology for the local
inventories are also checked for whether they are in accordance with IPCC Guidelines. Local
GHG inventories are prepared with the intention of helping local governments to develop
strategies to reducing emissions.
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (India) wrapped up the presentations by speaking on India’s
GHG inventories at regional and city level. She explained how India's voluntary pledge aspart of the Copenhagen Accord to reduce its GHG emission intensity by 20-25% by 2025
compared to 2005, will mainly be achieved through India’s national climate policy, and state
action plans for climate change, although the SAPCCs often lack base line assessment. There
are, however, new cases such as the ICLEI-WRI-UNEP-UN Habitat initiative where about 40
cities have assessed their GHG emission inventory base lines.
Following the above presentations, Dr. Towprayoon raised a question on how regional
level inventory data are used in the national inventory for Indonesia. Mr. Ridha explained thatin the case of agriculture and waste sectors the data can be used in the national inventory. Mr.
Sakulku noted that from what is observed in TGO’s pilot projects, local inventory datarequires quality improvement before considering use at the national level, since data hasgenerally been collected only in a centralized manner in Thailand. Dr. Akagi asked theopinion of the participants on how they perceive the reactions of the local governments when
asked to prepare inventories. Dr. Bhattacharya noted that responses heavily depended upon
who was the leader of the municipality.
Participants noted that, if local inventories were to be promoted, it would be important tohighlight the co-benefits, or how it would serve informed decision-making in policy
development, or that there would be more chances to attract funding. The differences between
national and local inventories were also acknowledged, but it was also noted that certain partsof local inventories can be used directly in the national inventories, or possibly used as QC orverification tools for the national inventory.
Participants:

Dr. Sumana BHATTACHARYA
Mr. Dida Migfar RIDHA
Dr. Retno Gumilang DEWI
Ms. Nela Anjani LUBIS
Dr. Nadia Mei Lin TAN
Mr. Myint SOE
Ms. Sandee G. Recabar
Mr. Chang-Hoon LEE
Mr. Seung Ju MOON
Mr. Tae-Hoon KIM
Ms. Jin-Young CHO
Mr. Sung-kyun KIM
Mr. Kwangon KIM
Mr. Hochul SHIN
Ms. Wan Yin SEE
Dr. Sirintornthep TOWPRAYOON
Mr. Sivach KEAWCHAROEN
─ 21 ─

India
Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia
Malaysia
MyanmarPhilippines
Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea
Singapore
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Dr. Dares KEAWKET
Ms. Thanyathorn SAWATDIWONG
Ms. Seetala CHANTES
Ms. Thipawan PHOTIWUT
Mr. Jetnipit SUDTONGKUNK
Dr. Bundit LIMMEECHOKCHAIDr. Kraichat TANTRAKARNAPA
Dr. Chalor JARUSUTTHIRAK
Ms. Chirapaporn LAIMA
Mr. Chessada SAKULKU
Dr. Nattapong CHAYAWATTO
Ms. Nareerat THANAKASEM
Ms. Apaphatch HUNSIRITRAKUN
Ms. Bongkoch KITTISOMPUN
Mr. Pathom CHAIYAPRUKSATON
Mr. Wisanu PHONPHO
Mr. Nattaphon KUESUWONG
Ms. Wararat CHA-UMKRUEA
Mr. Kiyoto TANABE
Dr. Baasansuren JAMSRANJAVDr. Nina E. UVAROVA
Ms. Naima OUMOUSSA
Mr. Daisuke WATANABE
Mr. Kazuhisa KOAKUTSU
Dr. Junko AKAGI
Ms. Teoh SHOM
Ms. Michie KISHIGAMI
Mr. Tomoki TAKAHASHI
Mr. Genichiro SAWAMURA
Mr. Masahiko FUJIMOTO
Mr. Wataru MORIMOTO
Mr. Tetsuya YOSHIDA
Dr. Shuichi ASHINA
Ms. Elsa HATANAKA
Dr. Takefumi ODA
Ms. Masako WHITE
Mr. Akira OSAKO
Mr. Naofumi KOSAKA

ThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailandThailand
IPCC TFI-TSU
IPCC TFI-TSU
IPCC TFI-TSU
IPCC TFI-TSU
MOEJ
IGES (CE)IGES (KUC)
IGES (Thailand)
ICLEI Japan
MURC
NEDO
Oriental Consultants
JICA expert team
JICA expert team
NIES/AIM
NIES/CGER/GIO
NIES/CGER/GIO
NIES/CGER/GIO
NIES/CGER/GIO
NIES/CGER/GIO

2.6 Session III: Working Group Session 2, Agriculture, Forestry and Other
Land Use (AFOLU)
This session was chaired by Dr. Rizaldi Boer (Indonesia), and the rapporteur was Dr.
Wasinee Wannasiri (Thailand).
In this session, WGIA member countries made presentations on the National GHG
inventories' situation in AFOLU sector with focused on forest, forest soil and wetland, andthat international organization and developed countries give presentation for various support
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projects to improve GHG inventory and relevant activities.
The purposes of this session are:
 To explore the national GHG inventories' activities on AFOLU sector in WGIA
member countries,
 To exchange information on achievement, gap and necessary supports,
 To share information and enhance network for supporting GHG inventory in AFOLU
sector.
Ms. Dao Minh Trang (Vietnam) reported Vietnam’s GHG inventories on forest land
category in LULUCF sector. She explained that the Government of Vietnam designated theMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment as a national focal point for preparing
national GHG inventories which were a part of National Communications submitted to the
UNFCCC. Vietnam has already submitted its INC and SNC with the 1994 and 2000 GHG
inventories, respectively. Vietnam also compiled its 2010 GHG inventory, which will be
included in its first BUR. Vietnam is presently developing its GHG inventory compilation
system and implementing capacity building for its national staffs and agencies who related in
GHG inventory with JICA supports.
Dr. Elizabeth M.P. Philip (Malaysia) explained Malaysia’s GHG inventories on AFOLU
sector, including its achievements, gaps and necessary supports for the inventories. According
to her presentation, the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia or Forest Research Institute
Malaysia is assigned to report the GHG emissions in the AFOLU sector of Malaysia. At
present, they are preparing the BUR and TNC to report in 2015 and 2017 while they are
applying the QA/QC process in the BUR to reduce the uncertainty of activity data at regional
level. For their achievement, they are already developed the manual of GHG inventory forcompliers and completed the GHG inventory in 2005-2010.
Dr. Chuop Paris (Cambodia) presented Cambodia’s GHG inventories on AFOLU sector.
He explained that Cambodia submitted the INC in 2002 and plans to submit the SNC in 2014.
Moreover, the technical staff and the expert in GHG inventory of Cambodia were attended in
the capacity building on GHG inventory and MRV programme. In addition, Cambodia’s
National MRV/REL team of Cambodia expected to develop National Forest Monitoring
System Plan, Satellite Land Monitoring System for REDD+, National Forest Inventory,
Cambodia RLs/RELs framework, and REDD+ related GHG Reporting System.
From the presentations mentioned above and discussions during the session, gaps andbarriers for preparing GHG inventories on AFOLU sector were revealed. First, Vietnam
needed to establish its legal framework on periodical national GHG inventory preparation,
which would make it possible to smoothly implement data collection for the inventories.
Second, Malaysia needed to overcome lacks of technical knowledge of GHG inventories andactivity data pre-2000. Finally, for Cambodia, technical capacity on GHG inventory, climatechange scenario, modeling for climate change mitigation and adaptation, coordination andcommunication with line ministries/agencies, and resources to transfer policy papers into
actual activities/result are necessary.
In order to provide information on supporting activities for developing countries toovercome their gaps and barriers against appropriate preparation of GHG inventories on
AFOLU sector, the following five presenters made presentations on various support projects
to improve GHG inventory and relevant activities by international organization and developed─ 23 ─

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Workshop Reportcountries.
Dr. Misuo Matsumoto (FFPRI, Japan) introduced a “REDD-plus Cookbook” which was
prepared and published by REDD Research & Development Center of Forestry and Forest
Products Research Institute, Japan. He mentioned that REDD+ has become one of the hottest
issues in the international discussions and negotiations on climate change. REDD+ is amechanism to give incentives to emission reductions and removals by REDD+ activities;
hence, National Forest Monitoring Systems (NFMS) and Measurement, Reporting andVerification (MRV) systems are required for appropriate estimation of emission reductions
and removals. However, most developing countries as host countries of REDD+ do not have
NFMS and MRV systems for REDD+, and capacity building for building them are being
promoted with international cooperation. The “REDD-plus Cookbook” contributes toenhancement of capacities on NFMS and MRV systems for REDD+.
Mr. Francesco N. Tubiello (FAO) presented the supporting to WGIA member countries on
activity data and GHG estimation for the AFOLU sector. He explained that FAO introduced
international activity data sources, such as FAOSTAT and Forest Resource Assessment that
contain official data through questionnaires and reported by member countries of FAO. FAO
has long maintained global datasets on Agriculture and Forest and produced Agricultural
statistics (FAOSTAT) and Forestry statistics. The new activity data produced from geo-spatial
datasets are available through FAOSTAT for estimating the emission from cultivated organicsoils and biomass burning.
Dr. Simon Eggleston (GFOI) presented supporting activities on sectoral MRV issues for
AFOLU sector. GFOI supports countries’ national efforts to implement the national forest
monitoring systems in accordance with relevant international standards, including UNFCCC
and IPCC, by providing a platform for coordinating observations by working with space
agencies (CEOS) in order to assure the systematic, sustained and worldwide acquisition andsupply of forest observations. In addition, GFOI provides assistance and guidance on utilisingobservations in collaboration with national institutions and international bodies such as the
FAO and World Bank.
Prof. Mitsuru Osaki (Hokkaido University, Japan) made a presentation on estimation ofcarbon flux and stock in tropical peatland by applying integrated MRV system. He explainedthat the project developed the Monitoring-Sensing-Modeling system of carbon in peatland byusing the various kind of remote sensing data and technique to measure the key activity intropical peatland in Indonesia.
Dr. Amornwan Resanond introduced the USAID LEAD program that have the objective
to builds capacity within developing Asian countries to achieve a sustainable, climate-resilient
economic growth. The program supports planning and implementation of Low Emission
Development Strategies through improved analytical and modeling capabilities, greenhousegas (GHG) inventories, carbon market readiness and regional cooperation. The training wasdelivered through the Asian Greenhouse Gas Management Center, a new capacity building
initiative based in Thailand established through the LEAD program.
Through presentations and discussions in this session, the participants in WGIA12 got thefollowing outputs on the AFOLU issues: Difference of the forest definition in each countries:– Consistency of forest definitions used in a respective country in GHG inventory
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and REDD+ should be considered.
 Consistency in methodologies between GHG Inventory for AFOLU and REDD+:– There are differences in estimation results between Gain – Loss method and Stock
Change method. We need to consider how to ensure consistency of estimation
results on carbon stock changes between AFOLU sector in GHG inventories and
REDD+ because COP decision on REDD+ requires the consistency.
 Land use categorization and data inconsistencies:– There are differences of land-use categorization between the IPCC/international
categorization and each country’s national official categorization.
– Inconsistency between land-use data and land cover data from different sources ina country also exists.
– It is necessary to develop national standard for adjusting each country’s official
national land-use categorization to the IPCC/international categorization in orderto ensure consistency of land-use categories in GHG inventories in line with the
IPCC/international categorization.
 Establishment of clear linkage between MRV system of REDD+ and that of national GHG
inventories:– The linkage should be established in order to ensure consistency between these
two MRV systems.
 Cost effective method for forest carbon monitoring:– We should consider possible use of remote sensing technology such as LiDAR for
measuring biomass.
 Development of future IPCC Guidelines taking into account scientific advances, including
the advancement of remote sensing capabilities in monitoring the dynamics of terrestrial
carbon:– Developing and promoting the use of RS technologies to monitor not only forest
cover change but also terrestrial carbon stock changes would be helpful for
improving GHG inventories on AFOLU sector.
– It is considered that the RS approach could be useful for JCM which supports
REDD+ program.
Participants:

Dr. Paris CHUOP
Dr. Tapan Kumar ADHYA
Ms. Siti Ina Malayni KAMIL
Dr. Rizaldi BOER
Ms. Thounheuang BUITHAVONG
Mr. Bounthee SAYTHONGVANH
Dr. Elizabeth M.P. PHILIP
Ms. Tegshjargal BUMTSEND
Ms. Sanaa ENKHTAIVIAN
Mr. Than AYEDr. Myo NYUNT
Dr. Sirintornthep TOWPRAYOON
Dr. Natthanich ASVAPOOSITKUL
Mr. Wisarut SUPANNAFAI
Ms. Athitaya CHANGDUANG
Mr. Pongsuk AUESSUWANNA
Mr. Suwan PITAKSINTORN─ 25 ─

(Cambodia)(India)(Indonesia)(Indonesia)(Lao P.D.R.)(Lao P.D.R.)(Malaysia)(Mongolia)(Mongolia)(Myanmar)(Myanmar)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Thailand)2. Workshop Report

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Workshop Report
Dr. Ladawan PUANGCHIT
Dr. Patthra PHENGTHAMKEERATI
Ms. Anna KIEWCHAUM
Ms. Prangvalai BOUASAN
Dr. Wasinee WANNASIRIMr. Song Lan BACH
Ms. Trang Minh DAO
Mr. Hung Trong NGUYEN
Ms. Mausami DESAI
Dr. Amornwan RESANOND
Mr. Radtasiri WACHIRAPUNYANONT
Mr. Leandro Valmonte BUENDIA
Mr. Francesco Nicola TUBIELLO
Dr. Simon EGGLESTON
Mr. Atsushi SATO
Mr. Kohei SAKAI
Mr. Hiroshi ITO
Ms. Takako ONO
Mr. Takahiko HIRAISHI
Dr. Mitsuo MATSUMOTO
Mr. Yu KAMEI
Dr. Mitsuru OSAKI
Dr. Akihiro MORI
Mr. Kazumasa KAWASHIMA
Dr. Midori YANAGAWA
Dr. Yukihiro NOJIRIMr. Satoshi IEMOTO(Thailand)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Thailand)(Vietnam)(Vietnam)(Vietnam)(USA)(US LEAD Program)(US LEAD Program)(SEA GHG Project)(FAO)(GFOI)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(Japan)(JICA (TGO CITC Project))

2.7 Session IV: Enhancement of Network for Supporting Measurement,
Reporting and Verification at Various Levels
This session was chaired by Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (India) and the rapporteur was Ms.
Elsa Hatanaka (GIO).
The topic of enhancing the network for supporting MRV at various levels was taken up in
WGIA11 in Session V.
In WGIA12, this topic was taken up again in Session IV, to provide an overview of what
support and networks are available to enhance MRV at various levels undertaken at the
research/policy interface and at the practitioner's level, and to explore what the challenges are
and what might be done to deal with them. In this session, external experts gave presentations
and participants exchanged information on enhancing MRV at various levels.
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO) introduced the background for the session, agenda, and possible
points for discussion during the session.
Dr. Shuzo Nishioka (IGES, LoCARNet) started off the session with a presentation entitled"Promoting Knowledge-based Systems for Scientific Low Carbon Development PolicyMaking in Asia: The Growing Importance of Inventory Work." He introduced LoCARNet's
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work, which facilitates the formulation and implementation of science-based policies for the
low-carbon development in Asia, through its open network of researchers and researchorganizations. He explained that there is a strong need to minimize the use of the remaining
carbon budget and move to a low carbon society, and stressed that Asia needs to be a key
actor in the action, and also noted that good quality inventories contribute to achieving a low
carbon Asia.
Following this, Dr. Jariya Boonjawat (APN) talked about APN’s supporting activities
Related to MRV. She introduced APN-supported projects such as the project on 1) MRV
systems for REDD+, which aimed at scaling up REDD+ MRV systems from the project levelto the national level for Lao P.D.R. and Vietnam, and 2) capacity building for implementing a
MRV Model in a mid-sized Thai municipality, and how APN's support for regional
cooperation in global change research strengthens science/policy dialogue, and improves thescientific and technical capabilities in the region - including that for GHG inventories and
MRV systems.
Dr. Junko Akagi (IGES KUC) presented on the capacity building support of MRV for
local governments implemented by IGES/KUC. She stressed the importance of addressing
GHG emissions from cities which account for over 70% of global energy-related CO2
emissions, even though cities only account for below 2% of global land area. She noted thatcity governments play an important role for sustainable and low-carbon city development, andcapacity building is needed, including that for GHG inventories. In this regard, she also notedthat national governments could help, with their experience and support.
Dr. Jakkanit Kananurak (TGO) followed, by presenting on the newly established Climate
Change International Technical and Training Center (CITC) in 2014. He explained that CITC
was established as a one-stop technical and training center for climate change mitigation andadaptation in the South-east Asia region, with the support of Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA). It is offering knowledge in 1) GHG inventory management, 2) Mitigation
mechanisms, 3) Low carbon society development, and 4) Sustainable GHG management, totarget groups such as governmental agencies, academic institutions, private companies related
to mitigation and adaptation, and the general public, both inside and outside of Thailand.
Mr. Kazuhisa Koakutsu (IGES) made an introduction to MRV Guidebooks newly released
by IGES in 2013, with the cooperation of various experts in the field. He explained that the
MRV Guidebooks for developing countries, and for policy makers are now both available,with the latter being a jointly-collaborated product between IGES and GIZ. They are intended
to strengthen the understanding of existing MRV schemes, since future MRV schemes will
surely be built on existing ones. They include Q&A sections and best practices, with editions
to be continuously updated.
Mr. Genichiro Sawamura (NEDO) followed with a presentation entitled “What's the Next
Step? - For Joint Credit Mechanism (JCM) Emission Reduction Through MRV Methodology.”
He explained that the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) aims at contributing to sustainable
development, by facilitating diffusion of leading low carbon technologies and implementing
mitigation actions. Feasibility studies that include establishing methodologies for theevaluating emission reductions and assessing financial feasibility, and demo projects areon-going.
Following the above presentations, some comments were presented and questions were─ 27 ─

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Workshop Reportraised. Dr. Nishioka stressed that energy-use and economic growth needed to be decoupled,and stated that Japan succeeded at doing this during the oil crisis to a certain extent, and hopes
to support other Asian countries so that the opportunity to choose low-carbon development
paths isn't lost. Mr. Conrado Heruela (UNEP) noted that MRV might be different by thesize/type of municipality. Mr. Paris Chuop (Cambodia) asked what are possible forco-benefits of local mitigation actions, and Dr. Akagi (IGES KUC) and Mr. Leandro Buendia(SEA Project) noted that improvement in waste management, traffic management, and thehealth sector etc., would be some. Mr. Sung-kyun Kim (Republic of Korea) asked how
reference scenarios are verified for JCM projects, and it was noted that the JCM Joint
Committee for each country will approve it, and a third party entity will check it against
guidelines whether it is appropriate. Mr. Francesco Tubiello (FAO) asked how NAMA
projects etc., under the UNFCCC would coincide with JCM reference scenarios, and it wasnoted by Mr. Koakutsu (IGES) that JCM is at the project level and is different from NAMA
reference levels. Dr. Nadia Mei Lin Tan (Malaysia) asked whether there are preferences ofsectors for JCM projects, and Mr. Koakutsu (IGES) explained that the JCM Joint Committee
for each country will take the decision. Mr. Taka Hiraishi (IGES) posed the question of how
harmonization can be done for local and national level inventories/mitigation actions. Dr.
Sumana Bhattacharya (India) noted that this was difficult, but that national level policy
implemented at the local level may be captured, or IPCC guidelines and software intended fornational level-use may be used at the local level.
Generally, a strong interest was shown by the participants on the details of support
available and the specifics of MRV implemented, together with interest for the harmonization
between local and national, where local-level actions are reflected in national level inventories
and low-carbon development decision-making. This knowledge-sharing will contribute to theplanning and verification of NAMAs, and also help form the basis for Intended Nationally
Determined Contributions (INDCs).

2.8 Wrap-up Session
This session was chaired by Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO). In this session, the rapporteurs
from the Mutual Learning session, plenary sessions and working groups provided summariesof the discussions including findings and recommendations, which were followed by the final
discussion to conclude the workshop. The following is a summary of this workshop.
Summary of the Mutual Learning
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO) presented the background of Mutual Learning, i.e. objectives,
history, and outcome of past Mutual Learning programmes. He also summarized the Mutual
Learning held in WGIA12. He concluded that the Mutual Learning programme can be a
supplement to a nationally organized QA activity and regional communication is a good way
to improve inventories.
The participating countries in the Mutual Learning said that they identified goodpractices of each other and the experience of attendance would contribute to the improvementof future inventories. They expressed that it was a good opportunity to attend the Mutual
Learning and they looked forward to attending a Mutual Learning next year with anothercountry. They said that submitted BURs or regional inventories may be used for materials of a
Mutual Learning next year. Especially, by studying submitted BURs, participants can identify
what good practices are and what elements were missing that should be reported in future─ 28 ─

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
BURs and inventories.
Summary of the Plenary Sessions (Opening Session and Sessions I, II and IV)
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (Japan), the rapporteur of the plenary sessions, reported the summaryof presentations, questions raised and points noted in the opening session and sessions I, II,
and IV.
The discussion after her report is summarized as follows.
According to decision 2/CP.17, BUR1 should be submitted by December 2014 and shallcover the inventory no more than four years prior to the date of the submission. The UNFCCC
Secretariat states that if a BUR is submitted after 2014, the inventory year should be adjusted
to be consistent with the decision. GEF funding supports for preparing NCs and BURs werealso introduced.
Summary of Session III
Working Group 1 (GHG Inventories at Various Levels)
Dr. Chalor Jarusutthirak (Thailand), the rapporteur of working group 1, reported thesummary of presentations, questions raised and points discussed.
The discussion after her report is summarized as follows.
Regarding regional inventories, the importance of step-by-step improvements of thequality was stressed. It was pointed out that local data obtained through compiling regional
inventories were worthy of considering for utilization for other purposes, such as national
inventories, in order to improve the data quality. It was also discussed how to motivate local
governments to compile their inventories. There was an opinion that showing the activities of
top runners like ICLEI may be an incentive for these governments.
Working Group 2 (AFOLU)
Dr. Wasinee Wannasiri (Thailand), the rapporteur of working group 2, reported thesummary of presentations and issues discussed.
The chair casted the question what was needed for utilizing highly sophisticatedtechnologies introduced in this working group, such as satellite observations and advanced
on-site measurements, for GHG inventories. Some participants answered that sustainableinstitutional arrangements were needed and cost-effectiveness should also be considered. The
necessity of keeping communication between researchers and inventory compilers in future
WGIAs was confirmed.
The closing remarks were delivered by Ms. Raweewan Bhuridej, Deputy Secretary
General, ONEP, Thailand and Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri, Manager of GIO, Japan. They thanked allparticipants for their presentations and contributions to the fruitful discussions in theworkshop. They stated that WGIA was a good platform to share information and exchangethoughts on BUR preparation and submission.

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3. Abstracts

3. Abstracts

3. Abstracts

Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA12)
CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

3.1 Opening Session
Overview of WGIA 12
Takefumi Oda
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO/CGER/NIES), Japan

Abstract
Non-Annex I (NAI) Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) are required to prepare Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories as a part ofNational Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Report (BURs) to be periodicallysubmitted to the Conference of the Parties (COP) under the UNFCCC. Under the international
circumstances, it becomes important to develop reliable GHG inventories of NAI countries
and to enhance their further improvement.
To support developing and improving GHG inventories of NAI Parties in Asia, the Workshop
on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA) was organized by the Ministry of the Environment ofJapan (MOEJ) and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), and has been held
annually since 2003.
The upcoming 12th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA12) is to be held on 4-6
August 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. The WGIA12 aims: 1) to enhance sector-specific capacity
for inventory compilation, 2) to facilitate periodical national GHG inventory preparation for
NCs and BURs, 3) to explore good practices for further improvement of QA/QC activities on
future GHG inventory compilation, 4) to promote regional GHG inventory preparation andMeasurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) activities.
Over 110 participants are expected to be present in this 12th workshop. The participants aregovernment officials and researchers from 14 countries in Asia (Cambodia, China, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) and experts from international organizations (UNFCCC,
the Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Force on National GHG Inventories(IPCC/TFI/TSU), the Regional Capacity Building Project for Sustainable National GHG
Inventory Management Systems in Southeast Asia (SEA GHG Project), the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Global
Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI), the Asia Pacific Network (APN), and US Agency forInternational Development (USAID)).

Access to relevant information
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wgiaindex-e.html

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3. Abstracts

Japan's Climate Change Policies
Yu Kamei
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract
The Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ), with the cooperation of relevant ministries,
agencies and organizations, prepares Japan’s national inventory and compiles supplementary
information required under Article 7.1, which is annually submitted to the Conference of theParties through the UNFCCC Secretariat in accordance with the UNFCCC and the Kyoto
Protocol.
Last April, Japan has submitted its National Greenhouse Gas Emissions in fiscal year (FY)2012 in accordance with the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures. Total
emissions in FY2012 were 1,343 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.), a
6.5% increase compared to those of the base year under the Kyoto Protocol. The five-year
average for total emissions during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol(FY2008-FY2012) was 1,278 Mt CO2 eq. (1.4% increase from base year), and the five-year
average for removals by forest and other carbon sinks that can be used toward achieving thetarget was 48.7 Mt CO2 eq. (3.9% of base year) Consequently, if the Kyoto mechanisms
credits are taken into account, the five-year average shows an 8.4% decrease compared to thebase year; therefore, Japan will have achieved its target for the first commitment period of the
Kyoto Protocol (-6 % below base year level).
Last November, Japan has submitted its quantified economy-wide emission reduction target
for 2020; 3.8% emission reduction in 2020 compared to the 2005 level. This was a target atthat point, which had not yet taken into account the emission reduction effect resulting from
nuclear power, given that the energy policy and energy mix, including the utilization of
nuclear power, were still under consideration. A firm target, based on further review of theenergy policy and energy mix will eventually be set.
In accordance with the Cancun Accord and the Durban Decision under the UNFCCC, lastDecember, Japan has submitted its 1st Biennial Report (BR1) and 6th National
Communication (NC6) based on its new greenhouse gas emission reduction target.
My presentation will show the outline of Japan’s greenhouse gas emissions trends, policies
and measures toward sustainable low-carbon society.

References
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan

Access to relevant information
http://www.env.go.jp/en/index.html

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3. Abstracts

Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia
– Thailand’s Climate Change Policies –Natthanich Asvapoositkul
Climate Change Management and Coordination Division (CCMC),
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), Thailand

Abstract
By the year 2013, the population of Thailand was 68,229,000 people, which represents anincrease of 1,443,999 people compare to 2012. The majority of people live in rural,agriculture areas. Agriculture employs 49% of the population and contributes 10% of GDP.
The capital city, Bangkok, is home to 15% of the country’s population and serves as the
economic, political and social center of Thailand. Climate change threatens all importantsectors of Thailand’s economy, e.g., agriculture, tourism, and trade.
The effect of climate change, including floods, droughts, severe storms and sea level rise,
have been damaging to agriculture, coastal tourism, infrastructure especially the capital city.
In 2011, several regions of Thailand including the capital city, Bangkok, were flooded bysevere storms. This consequence of climate change had enormous economic, cultural andenvironmental impacts to Thailand.
As a party of United Nations Framework of Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 1994, Thailand
has been dedicating immense efforts in order to limit GHG concentration in the atmosphereand adapt to the severe impacts of climate change in harmonizing with sustainable social andeconomic development. In order to integrate multiple and diverse actors for implementationof climate change, Thailand has established Climate Change Management and Coordination
Division (CCMC) under ONEP which is focal and responsible for formulating climate change
policies and plans for Thailand. Draft Climate Change Master Plan (2013-2050) has beendeveloped by CCMC, ONEP, for solving climate change issues. This master plan composes of
two key components which are adaptation and mitigation. Such measures, however, would
require an extensive period of time for implementation. In order to ensure the continuationand effectiveness of implementation, along with meaningful participation of all stakeholders
in combating with climate change, this plan was separated into three periods of time, which
are short, medium and long term plans. In addition, the features of this plan will flexible andwill need evaluation every five years.
The vision of this master plan is for Thailand to be resilient to climate change impacts andbecomes a low-carbon economy in accordance with a sustainable development approach. Inorder to deliver this vision and to ensure the plan achieves the ultimate goal, we are focusing
on 4 key challenges; to develop long term climate change management framework, to use aspolicy framework, to provide framework for all relevance agencies aimed at their climatechange action plan development, and to ensure the same understanding and effective
cooperation among related agencies and stakeholders.
By tackling these 4 key challenges, we also deliver 4 missions which are (1) to create
database and body of knowledge on climate change impacts to support sustainable climatechange adaptation and low carbon development, (2) to increase climate change adaptive
capacity to the national development by pushing forward and integration of climate change
adaptation approaches and measures to stakeholders at all levels, (3) to reduce national GHG
emission and develop a sustainable low-carbon growth mechanism, and (4) to build capacity
and awareness of development partners at all levels so that they are capable of climate change
related policies and plans implementation.
My presentation will cover the overview of draft Climate Change Master Plan (2013-2050);
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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
show the vision of Thailand on Climate Change Policy and Plan from 2013 to 2050; andoverview of activities related to this master plan.

References- Draft Climate Change Master Plan (2013-2050) – Climate Change Management andCoordination Division, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning- Office of National Economic and Social Development Board

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3. Abstracts

3.2 Session I“Measurement, Reporting and Verification Framework for Non-Annex I
Parties under the Convention“
Alma Jean,
Programme Officer, Non-Annex I Support, Mitigation, Data and Analysis (MDA)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Twelfth Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA12) and the GHG inventory
workshop, Bangkok, Thailand, 4-7 August 2014

Abstract
National governments submit to the Conference of the Parties (COP), national reports onaction taken to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and to facilitate discussions on such implementation. These actions promotetransparency and accountability.
For developing countries, national communications and biennial update reports (BURs) aresubmitted, both of which include sections on national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories.
Further, the BURs are subjected to international consultation and analysis (ICA), which
increases transparency of mitigation actions and their effects, through analysis by technicalexperts in consultation with the concerned government and through a facilitative sharing ofviews. It is therefore critical that developing countries build their capacity to prepare andsubmit good quality reports.
The presentation will contribute to enhancing the knowledge of workshop participants withthe relevant context on the Convention, an overview of the MRV framework for developing
countries, including at the international and domestic levels, as well as REDD-plus MRV.
However, the content will focus on the BURs and the ICA process, through the technicalanalysis and the facilitative sharing of views.

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

UNEP-GEF Programmes & Projects for Supporting Capacity-Building in
Climate Change Mitigation
Conrado Heruela– WGIA12 – August 4, 2014

Abstract

The presentation describes the global support programs implemented by UNEP and funded by
GEF to support LDCs and SIDs to comply with their commitments to the UNFCCC. UNEP is
implementing three global support programs to support preparation of National
Communications. UNEP is now processing the approval of the GEF for global support
program to assist LDCs and SIDs prepare their BURs. In addition, UNEP, as an implementing
agency, assist countries access their STAR allocations to execute GEF CC mitigation projects.
These projects may integrate components to build the countries’ capacity to formulate andestablished NAMAs.

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3. Abstracts

3.3 Session II
QA/QC Activities and ICA
Kiyoto Tanabe
Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Abstract
National greenhouse gas inventories need to be reliable and of high quality, attaining thesufficient level of transparency, comparability (with other countries’ inventories), consistency(over time), completeness and accuracy (TCCCA). To this end, quality assurance and quality
control (QA/QC) procedures are considered important and integral parts of the inventory
development process. Detailed guidance on QA/QC procedures is given in the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2006).
Planning and implementation of QA/QC procedures may not be easy for many developing
countries. In particular, QA seems difficult because it is not easy to find and involve“personnel not directly involved in the inventory compilation/development process” asdefined in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Under such circumstances, non-Annex I Parties to the
UNFCCC may be able to take advantage of the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA)of Biennial Update Reports (BURs) that will start in 2015 following the decision taken at
COP17 (UNFCCC, 2011) with a view to improving the quality of their national greenhousegas inventories, in view of the fact that the ICA process has a similar nature to that of QA.
The aim of the ICA is to increase the transparency of mitigation actions and their effects in the
BURs. The ICA is to be conducted in a manner that is non-intrusive, non-punitive andrespectful of national sovereignty. The ICA consists of two steps: (1) a technical analysis of
BUR by a team of technical experts (TTE) (UNFCCC, 2013) and (2) a facilitative sharing ofviews in the form of workshop under the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) of the
UNFCCC. In both steps, the non-Annex I Party whose BUR is undergoing the ICA needs tointeract with the third parties (with TTE in the first step and with the other Parties in thesecond step) through questions and answers about its BUR.
Interaction with the third parties help non-Annex I Parties to detect and correct errors in theirinventory, to improve its transparency, etc. Many non-Annex I Parties have not had
opportunities for such interaction with others so far. The ICA is expected to give them suchopportunities and to greatly help them in improving the quality of their inventories.

References
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa
K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.
UNFCCC 2011, Decision 2/CP.17 “Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on
Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention” (FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1)
UNFCCC 2013, Decision 20/CP.19 “Composition, modalities and procedures of the team oftechnical experts under international consultation and analysis”(FCCC/CP/2013/10/Add.2)

Access to relevant information
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
http://unfccc.int/2860.php
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3. Abstracts

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIESQA/QC Activities for CC Enabling Activities under UNEP Global Support
Programmes
Conrado S. Heruela
United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia & the Pacific,
Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract
The first part of the presentation reviews the most recent National Communications(NATCOMS) to the UNFCCC submitted by the ASEAN countries. These focused on the four
countries supported by the “GEF-UNEP Global Support Programmes to Support Preparationof NATCOMS” (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam). The five other ASEAN
countries were also included in the review (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore andThailand). The review showed that except for the Lao PDR NATCOM, there were no
discussions of QA/QC activities conducted as part of the GHG Inventory done under the
preparation of the NATCOM in the other countries. But at least three other countries
mentioned about QA/QC - Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, discussing about future
activities and capacity building needs. Part 2 of the presentation consist of slides excerpted
from the introductory training course conducted by CGE on QA/QC. These are included as
reference materials for the participants.

References
1. National Communications submissions from countries (see links below)
2. CGE training materials (see links below)

Access to relevant information
1. UNFCCC website, link to Non-Annex 1 countries national reports –http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/items/2979.php
2. IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National GHG
Inventories
3. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/english/
4. GEF project list – Enabling Activities - www.thegef.org/gef/project_list

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIESQA/QC Activities under Projects on FAOSTAT by FAO
Francesco N Tubiello
FAO, Italy

Abstract
FAO supports its member countries identify, assess and report their greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from AFOLU, in support of key UNFCCC processes including National GHG
Inventory, BUR submission, NAMA and REDD+ development. FAO’s focus is on improving
rural statistics addressing both technical and institutional gaps. The relevant FAO activity is
the Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions and Mitigation Potential Project(MAGHG).
The FAOSTAT Emissions database represents the key tool used by FAO in support of its
member countries national inventory processes. Used as the basis for the AFOLU chapter
analysis of the recent IPCC AR5 WGIII Report, it is available online, providing updated
estimates using IPCC 2006 Tier 1 estimates for Agriculture (1961-2011, plus projections to2030 and 2050) and Tier 1 Approach 1 estimates for Land Use (1990-2010). As aninternationally available global database of emissions estimates, it can be used in theprocesses of QA/QC and verification of GHG National Inventories, according to the IPCC
Guidelines.
The FAO presentation will illustrate live online the main features of the FAOSTAT Emissions
database, including new QA/QC tools to perform GHG regional and national analyses,
develop data comparisons and build of relevant indicators.

References
Tubiello et al., 2013. The FAOSTAT Emissions database. Environmental Research Letters, 8
doi 015009
FAO, 2014. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Emissions by Sources and Removals
by Sinks: 1990-2011 Analysis. FAO, Rome, Italy
IPCC 2014. Ch. 11: AFOLU. Smith, P. et al., in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Fifth Assessment Report, WGIII –Mitigation.

Access to relevant information
1. Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions and Mitigation Potential Project, FAO:
http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/en/
2. FAOSTAT Emissions database:
Agriculture: http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/browse/G1/*/E
Land Use: http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/browse/G1/*/E
3. Statistical Data at FAO for GHG Estimation:
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/216137/icode/
4. FAO GHG Infografix
http://www.fao.org/assets/infographics/FAO-Infographic-GHG-en.pdf
5. IPCC AR5 WGIII AFOLU
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/unfccc/sbsta40/AR5WGIII_Tubiello_140606.pdf―39―

3. Abstracts

Experience on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Activities in
Preparation of the Second National Communication (SNC)
Ms. Thounheuang BUITHAVONG
Department of Disaster Management and Climate Change, MONRE
Lao PDR

Abstract
The Government of Lao PDR ratified the UNFCCC in 1995 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2003.
The national greenhouse gas inventory (GHGI) is a key element of the national
communication on climate change. The GHGI for the first national communication (FNC) of
Lao PDR was conducted in 1997 using 1990 as the base year as mandated. The inventory wascompleted and compiled in the FNC. The FNC of Lao PDR was submitted to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in November 2000.
In the Second National Communication (SNC), the GHGI was prepared using year 2000 as
the base year. Under the support of GEF and UNDP, the Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment (Formerly Water Resource and Environment Authority), in collaboration with
relevant agencies, carried out the task and submission to UNFCCC in 2013.
The inventory examines the emission by sources and removal by sinks of Greenhouse Gases(GHGs) of the following five sectors, namely energy, industrial process, agriculture, land usechange and forestry, and waste. The inventory is estimated in units of carbon dioxide (CO2),methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) including carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxides(NOx), Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOCs) and sulphur dioxide (SOx).
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perflourocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are notincluded because the data are inadequate and the consumption and emissions are likely to be
negligible.
The national GHGI preparation follows the technical guidance of the IPCC. The activities
carried out include preparation and planning, introductory workshops for the stakeholders,establishment of technical working groups (TWG), training, collecting, compiling, verifying
and analyzing data and drafting the report. The draft report was circulated to all TWG
members and stakeholders for accuracy and consistency check, comments and endorsement.
After consultation with relevant parties of the sectors, the first draft inventory report wasrevised and the second consultation was conducted. Through the United Nation’s
Development Programs (UNDP), international experts reviewed and provided the comments
to the draft report. The draft report was then finalized.
In year 2000, the Lao PDR emitted a total CO2 of 43,811 Gg and removed about 2,047 Gg.
The country hence, emitted a net CO2 of about 41,764 Gg in the year 2000. The amountincreased substantially compared to the net sink of 104,570 Gg in the year 1990. This waspartly due to the socio-economic drivers and partly due to the improvement of technicalcapacities and data availability.
The total CO2 emission, nearly all was emitted by land-use change and forestry. For methane,the Lao PDR emitted a total of 306.7 Gg in 2000. Agriculture sector produced about 251.4 Gg
or about 82% of the total. Another key GHG, N2O is mainly emitted from land use
management. In 2000, Lao PDR emitted about 8.4 Gg of N2O. In addition to the three key
GHGs, the Lao PDR also reported CO, NOx, NMVOC and SOx, as shown below. In general,the Lao PDR emitted relatively insignificant amounts of these gases.
In aggregate, for the year 2000, land-use change and forestry sector was the single mostimportant source of CO2 emission and agriculture was the most important emitter of CH4 andN2O.

References―40―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
Lao’s Second National Communication on Climate Change (2013) under the UNFCCC

Access to relevant information
N/A

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

3.4 Session III WG1 Cross cuttingWorkshop on GHG Inventories in Asia
– ICLEI’s Activities on GHG Inventories at Regional or City Level –Michie Kishigami
ICLEI-Local governments for Sustainability, Japan Office

Abstract
As association of local governments which commit to take tangible actions for sustainable
development, ICLEI assumes 3 roles: connecting leaders, accelerating actions through pilot
programs and projects, and gateway to solutions by facilitating exchange of experiences anddeveloping useful tools for local governments. ICLEI implements these inter-related activities
to achieve our ultimate goals.
Making GHG inventory is the first indispensable step to take any GHG reduction measure at
local government level as well. It could be the base of setting a GHG emission reduction goal,
making their action plan and monitoring the progress.
ICLEI has long track record of performance based program since early 1990’s. ICLEI
developed and disseminated the GHG emission quantification tool for local governments in
USA, Canada, Australia, followed by Asian, African and South American countries.
Currently ICLEI provides 3 universal tools for low carbon city agenda, namely Global
Protocol for Community-Scale GHG emissions, HEAT+ and carbonn Cities Climate Registry.
Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG emissions is a global framework for accounting
city and community scale GHG emissions, developed in partnership with ICLEI, WRI, C40,
World Bank, UNEP and UN-Habitat. A standard rule could help cities to compare theperformance with other cities, show the credibility of their GHG emission data andtransparency. After the first draft version has been reviewed by experts and 35 cities
worldwide, the improved second version is now open for public comment.
HEAT+ is an online software for local governments. It is designed to make their base year
emissions inventory, define emissions reduction target, forecast emissions, select measures tomeet the target and generate action plan report. ICLEI could make a country version of
HEAT+ and organize training of trainers. We hope it helps more local governments toestablish their action plan, implement measures with monitoring scheme in many countries.
carbonn Cities Climate Registry is a global voluntary online reporting system for local andsub-national governments. Required items are compliant with IPCC guidelines and the above
tools as well. Launched in 2010, it becomes now the world’s largest global database of local
climate actions. The aggregated data proves how local governments have already establishedtheir climate strategy and achieved the tangible results globally.

Access to relevant information
http://www.iclei.org/our-activities/our-agendas/low-carbon-city/gcc.html
http://www.ghgprotocol.org/feature/GPC_2.0_public_comment
http://heat.iclei.org
http://citiesclimateregistry.org

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3. Abstracts

Roles of GHG Inventories at Regional or City Level for Developing Future
GHG Emission/removal Projection
Shuichi Ashina
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Asia accounted for approximately 38% of global
emissions in 2005. Considering the rapid economic growth expected in the coming decades,
emissions from Asia in 2050 are projected to be double the 2005 levels if efforts are not madetoward achieving Low Carbon Societies (LCSs). The reduction of emissions in Asia isimperative for the transition by 2050 to an LCS worldwide that has halved GHG emissions.
As the energy consumption is expected to grow continuously with economic development, thereduction of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning is an important goal. In addition, as the
GHG emissions other than CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning account for approximately
40% of the Asian GHG emissions, it is equally important to reduce them by actions likestopping deforestation, increasing CO2 absorption from forestry, and decreasing such
emissions from farmland and livestock.
Taking measures toward the realization of an LCS may also lead to the resolution of other key
developmental challenges such as improving energy access, reducing local pollution, anderadicating poverty. The LCS transition by Asian countries will not be an easy task. In orderto accomplish this transition, it is vital that mobilizing countries as well as region/city to Low
Carbon Society with a focused and common vision of the society we/they wish to achieve,
while cooperating with one other and being aware of the roles they need to play.
In order to motivate our society to shift low carbon one, it is inevitable for designing concrete
visions and roadmaps toward the LCSs both in national scale and regional/city scale. GHG
inventories are one of key information for the LCS design. The GHG inventories bring not
only current situation but also indications which sectors/areas should be drastically changed
for reducing GHG emissions in the future. Although overall methodology for designing LCS
has been almost established both for national scale and regional/city scale, designing
regional/city scale visions and roadmaps faces a big issue on arrangement of GHG
inventories.
In the past several years, our team, AIM modeling team (Asia-Pacific Integrated Modeling),
have been tried to formulate regional/city scale inventory from national GHG inventory andother relevant statistical information for some cities in Japan and Asia, such as for Kyoto,
Fukushima, Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Guang Zhou and Iskandar Malaysia. In the presentation, we
would like introduce our approach for estimation of regional/city scale GHG inventories andshare experience on developing future GHG emission/removal projection in Iskandar
Malaysia and Fukushima-area in Japan as examples.

Access to relevant information
Overview of Low Carbon Society Research:
Low Carbon Society Scenarios:
Overview of AIM Project:

http://2050.nies.go.jp/
http://2050.nies.go.jp/LCS/
http://www-iam.nies.go.jp/aim/

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3. Abstracts

Thailand’s GHG Inventory at Municipal Level
Chessada Sakulku
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Information Center (Public Organization), Thailand

Abstract
Thailand had launch the Eleventh National Economic and Social Development Plan
(2012-2016) which address a strategy to develop an efficient and sustainable economy byupgrading production and services based on technology, innovation and creativity using
effective regional links, by improving food and energy security, and by upgrading
eco-friendly production and consumption toward a low-carbon society. In addition, theNational Strategy on Climate Change also address to support municipal development toward“Low Carbon City”. To response those policies, TGO has initiated the GHG Inventory at
Municipal Level project as a tool to transfer national strategy and policy to practical work.
Together with TGO's intention to promote the market mechanism as a financial tool to support
the implementation of mitigation project especially the small project at municipal level. As
the preliminary assessment the capabilities of municipal governors, they would like toemphasize the local development plan toward Low Carbon City but the capacity building is
still needed for enhance understand on emission, mitigation, and removal of GHG.
March'2014, TGO launch a capacity building project to aid the municipal governor toaccounting the GHG emission in their city/town area. There were three pilots municipal
engaged to this project; Lampang, Chiang Rai, and Nong Samrong - Udornthani. The project
aim is not only focus on the GHG accounting but expand to help municipal governor assess
the potential to implement mitigation project and also prepare the capacity for monitoring the
progressive of such mitigation plan. Meanwhile, the progress of this project, World Bank gave
another support program by using the Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) toevaluating the current energy efficiency situation in municipal and suggest some possible
measure to improve city energy efficiency.
The lesson learn from this project; (1) there are some limitation on data quality to give an
accurate emission report, (2) the gap and overlapping between neighboring municipals ofgathering data still existing so it is not suitable to include to these emission report to thenational level, (3) training on GHG inventory is a good capacity building tool for better
understanding on GHG emission.

Access to relevant information

http://www.nesdb.go.th/Default.aspx?tabid=395
http://www.iclei.org/our-activities/our-agendas/low-carbon-city/gpc.html
http://esmap.org/TRACE―44―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

Indonesia’s GHG Inventories at Regional Level:
Achievements, Gaps and Necessary Supports
Dida Migfar Ridha
Head of GHG Inventory Division, Ministry for Environment, Republic of Indonesia,
Bangkok, Thailand, August 2014

Abstract
GHG inventory in regional level is mandated under President Decree No. 71/2011 regarding
implementation of National GHG inventory. Each province is responsible for performing
GHG inventory at provincial level and to coordinate the implementation of GHG inventory at
its city and district area.
GHG inventory at regional and city/district levels has important role in implementation ofnational GHG inventory, especially to provide activity data and development of local
emission factor. The role of GHG inventory at regional level is becoming increasingly
important since every province has compiled Regional Action Plan for GHG Emission
Reduction or known as “RAD-GRK”
GHG inventory activities that have been conducted in 33 Provinces in Indonesia has resulted
historical actual data that is used to prepare RAD-GRK in every province. It has been
assigned under Governor Regulations in each province in Indonesia. In 2014, GHG
inventories at regional level will be targeted to obtain the level of GHG emissions up to year
N-2.
Through cooperation with JICA, Indonesia has conducted several pilot studies under the
Project of Capacity Development for Climate Change Strategies in Indonesia. One of theactivities is pilot project on waste sector in North and South Sumatera to collect and develop
data for improving the accuracy of GHG inventory, monitoring any mitigation action in waste
sector and increase the effectiveness of waste management practices in national and regional
sectors. The results of these pilot activities are Indonesia has local values for waste
composition and dry matter content data. Currently it is focused to obtain waste stream data
and development of local EF from domestic and industrial wastewater.
Challenges in implementing GHG inventory at regional level is within the framework offulfillment the TACCC (Transparency, Accuracy, Completeness, Comparability andConsistency) principle. Hence each province has developed their plain of improvement toprovide a better inventory.
Capacity development in implementing GHG inventory at regional level is necessary to
improve man power in each province for implementing GHG inventory in accordance with
IPCC GL 2006.

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3. Abstracts

National GHG Inventory in 2011 and Local GHG Inventory
Tae-Hoon Kim
Department of Climate Change Action, Korea Environment Corporation, Korea

Abstract
The 1996 and 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories are theInternational standards for national GHG emissions estimation. The international community
is considering the implementation of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines beginning in 2015.
Although Korea is classified in non-AnnexⅠgroup, the government and GIR(Greenhouse gas
Inventory & Research center)are in the effort of establishment of GHG inventory.
As a result of the effort, Inventory Report on waste sector is being annually prepared by
Ministry of Environment and submitted to GIR.
And also the local governments are required to prepare「local government’s green growthplan」including GHG inventory and quantified GHG emission.
Korea Environment Corporation (KECO) is responsible for drawing up IR on waste sectorand Local government GHG inventory report.
Therefore, KECO is in the process of development of GHG Inventory procedure to estimate
National and Local inventory
At the moment, National GHG Inventory has been estimated mainly by the 1966 IPCC
Guideline and Local GHG inventory has been estimated by the 2006 IPCC Guideline.
Achievements of local GHG Inventory is enable us to compare national and each local
Governments in a quantitative and reliable way. And we would utilize GHG inventory as
basic data for defining emission sources and establishing a reduction strategy for local
government. Also, Local Government will play an important role in developing ‘National
green growth strategy’ with the help of KECO

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

India’s GHG Inventories at Regional and City Level: Achievements, Gaps
and Necessary Support Required
Sumana Bhattacharya
ICSD, India1

Abstract
The Indian government, being a party to the UNFCCC, has been involved since the last one
and a half decade in generating its national GHG inventory. A network of Institutions
operating under the Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) have been thebasis of this work. The national GHG inventory is being developed at sectoral level, using
IPCC methodologies and with activity information from various government agencies thatgovern the management of the sectors. The emission profile thus emerging also forms thebasis for ascertaining mitigation action needed to fulfil its voluntary pledge taken, in 2009, asa part of the Copenhagen Accord. According to this pledge, India aims to reduce its GHG
emission intensity by 20-25% by 2025 with respect to 2005.
The target pledged will be mainly achieved through the missions articulated in India’snational climate policy (the NAPCC), which also has strategized Adaptation actions. The
implementation of these targets will be done at state level, and state action plans for climatechange (SAPCC) are being drawn up by each state government. That means the actions haveto be carried out down the line at city level, community level, industrial park/cluster level, andat industrial units directly. A base line assessment of GHG inventory is required at various
levels of agglomeration, to track the emission reduction achieved across time due to
implementation of the actions as a part of the NAPCC/SAPCC mandates.
More than 15 states now have SAPCCs approved by the MoEF. The guidelines for SAPCC
though mentions GHG inventory base line development, but this has not been encouraged,
and therefore most of the SAPCCs do not have the base line assessment reported. About 40
cities in India, have assessed their GHG emission inventory base lines, prepared as a part of
the ICLEI_WRI_UNEP_UN habitat initiative. These do not include all the urban
agglomerates, nor all the cities. With more than 53% growth in number of cities and 24%
growth in number of urban agglomerates (mega cities + continuous urban spread) between
2001 and 2011, it is necessary to update these assessments annually. Industrial cluster levelassessments again have been made, but do not yet cover all industrial clusters. Industries aredisclosing their emissions as a part of the C disclosure project following the WRI protocol.
This presentation discusses the steps required to operationalise the GHG inventory
preparation at these levels of agglomeration and identified the steps required to do the same.
References:
1st and 2nd National Communication of India
NAPCC, 2008
Bhattacharya, Sumana. 2014. Improving activity data and emission factors for national GHG
inventory- Case Study India. MAPT National Inventory Case study series. A WRI project.

1email: sumana.bhattacharya@intercooperation.org.in―47―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

3. Abstracts

3.5 Session III WG2 AFOLU
Vietnam greenhouse gas inventory: LULUCF
Dao Minh Trang
Deputy Head of Division for Climate Change Mitigation
Climate Change Research Center
Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Vietnam

Abstract
This presentation will give an overview about Vietnam GHG inventory in 1994, 2000, 2005
and 2010, with a closer look on 2005 and 2010 GHG inventory on LULUCF and analyze theimprovements and existing challenges in LULUCF GHG inventory. Over 1994 – 2010,
LULUCF has transformed from emission source to sink owing the change of calculation
methodology, the increase of forest area and the improvement in data collection. In the Initialand Second National Communications of Vietnam to the UNFCCC, Vietnam applied therevised GL 1996 to conduct GHG inventory for LULUCF sector in 1994 and 2000. In 2014,
with the support of JICA experts, Vietnam deployed GPG LULUCF 2003 to estimate theemission and removals of LULUCF in 2005 and 2010. Gain-loss method with Tier 2 isapplied to estimate the carbon stock change in living biomass in category “Forest landremaining forest land” for the year 2005 and 2010 owing to the availability ofcountry-specific parameters taken from the UN-REDD programme report. For the remaining
categories, Tier 1 is applied using IPCC defaults. Key challenge of LULUCF includes lack ofa legal framework on national GHG inventory in Vietnam, which leads to the difficulties indata collection. Other challenges include the missing of country-specific parameters, andcapacity and experience of GHG inventory experts.

ReferencesTran, Thuc. Huynh. Dao. Vietnam Experience on Setting National Baselines. Oct 2012. Doc.
Vietnam’s Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change. Hanoi, 2012.Doc.
Department of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change, Japan International
Cooperation Agency. National GHG Inventory Report 2005 of Vietnam. Dec 2013
Deputy of Meteorology, Hydrology, and Climate Change, Japan International Cooperation.
Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Vietnam 2010. Dec 2014
Project: capacity Building for Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Vietnam. Doc.
Dao, Trang. Nguyen. Sato. Workshop on the 2010 National GHG Inventory. Presentation.

Access to relevant information47

─ 48 ─

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

3. Abstracts

Malaysia’s GHG Inventories on AFOLU Sector: Achievements, Gaps andNecessary Supports
Elizabeth Philip
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
Malaysia is currently preparing her Biennial Update Report (BUR) by 2015 and the Third
National Communications (TNC) by 2017. As per the UNFCCC decision, the BUR will
update the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory report in the Second National Communications(NC2), while the TNC will reflect the improvements both in the GHG inventory. This paper
will highlight the progress made thus far, challenges and potential support that the Network
could provide to the AFOLU team.
The GHG inventory has been institutionalised, continuous capacity building and engagementof the team members were undertaken post NC2. However, the challenge remains, trained
personals moves on in their careers. Currently, a manual on GHG inventory for Compilers arebeing developed as a step to overcome the changes in manpower.
A number of improvements have been suggested to the GHG inventory activity data andemission factors. While these improvements are being worked upon, but they will not bereflected in the BUR but in the TNC. However, one of the major improvement being
undertaken in BUR is on the QA/QC process. The QC process covers a more rigorous
exercise where all relevant sub regional stakeholders will be consulted throughout the process.
This will reduce the uncertainty in activity data. In addition, all activity data will be validatedwith the land use maps at the sub regional level. The QA process will remain the same as theNC2 process for the AFOLU/LULUCF sector.
Uncertainty assessment provides opportunities for improvement in data measurement, datacollection, and calculation methodology and emission factors. It is only by identifying
elements of high uncertainty can methodological changes be introduced to address them. A
guidance on uncertainty assessment for the AFOLU is being planned.
Having institutionalise the GHG - LULUCF process, gaps still remain in terms of technicalcapacity. There are also gaps in activity data especially pre 2020. In addition, the verified land
use statistics and map has a lag time of two and half years. This will affect the GHG inventory
work.
Some of the potential support that the network could provide are developing local emission
factors for agriculture soil and manure management. Besides this, facilitate a discussion on
harvested wood products the, the pro and cons in including this into the GHG inventory.
Additionally, experience could be shared on how the GHG inventory is achieved in asustainable manner.

─ 49 ─

48

3. Abstracts

Cambodia’s GHG Inventories on AFOLU Sector
H.E. Mr. Paris Chuop, PhD
Deputy Secretary-General, National Council for Green Growth,
Ministry of Environment, Cambodia
Abstract
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory is an accounting of GHG emitted to or removed from theatmosphere over a period of time. It is important for policy makers to establish a baseline fortracking emission trends, developing mitigation strategies and policies, and assessing progress.
The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) acknowledges the importance of GHG inventory,
which is part of sustainable natural resources management.
As results, “Sustainable Management of Natural Resources” is remained in the Government
Priorities namely Rectangular Strategy phase III. National Forest Programme (2010-2029),
National Strategic Development Plan (2014-2018) and Cambodia Climate Change Strategic
Plan (2014-2023) have been developed. National Climate Change Committee and Cambodia
REDD+ Taskforce have been created. In addition, Cambodia submitted the Initial and Second
National Communications in 2002 and 2014 respectively. The Third One is expected to be
finalized by end of 2014, and the Biennium Undated Report is considered to develop. With
regard to capacity building, several training programmes related to GHG inventory and MRV
have been conducted for national technical staff/experts from key line ministries. Under the
UN-REDD porgramme, the National MRV/REL Team is expected to develop (1) National
Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) Plan; (2) Satellite Land Monitoring System (SLMS) for
REDD+ related activities; (3) National Forest Inventory (NFI) for emission and removal
factors for REDD+ related activities; (4) Cambodia RLs/RELs framework; and (5) REDD+
related GHG Reporting System.
However, gaps are still existed including technical capacities on GHG inventory, Climate
Change Scenario, Modelling for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation; coordination andcommunication with line ministries/agencies; and resources to transfer policy papers into
actual activities/results at the ground.
Therefore, additional professional trainings on GHG inventory and related issues; regional
workshops and fora; and programmes/projects to support the Cambodia Climate Change
Strategic Plan (2014-2023) and other related policies are much needed.
In conclude policy papers and implementing mechanisms are in place with operation.
However, technical capacities, coordination and financial resources are big challenges, whichshould be converted into opportunities to gain technical knowledge, mutual understanding andnecessary resources to address problems being happened and to be happened. Further
knowledge and experiences sharing at sub-national, national, regional and global levels would
be extremely important.
References
1. National Strategic Development Plan (2014-2018)
2. Reports of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Administration
Access to relevant information
http://www.moe.gov.kh―50―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

REDD+ Cookbook :How to Systematically Deal with Estimation on GHG Emissions andRemovals in Forest Land Sector
Mitsuo Matsumoto
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan

Abstract
REDD+ has become one of the hottest issues in the international discussions and negotiations
on climate change. Deforestation and forest degradation are the second largest source ofgreenhouse gases emissions after the use of fossil fuel. As one of the measures to address thisissue, REDD+ has a big potential to reduce such emissions. At the same time, REDD+ could
contribute to biodiversity, local economy, and local people’s livelihood.
Because REDD+ is a mechanism to give incentives to emission reductions and removals by
REDD+ activities, National Forest Monitoring Systems (NFMS) and MRV (Measurement,
Reporting and Verification) systems are required for appropriate estimation of emission
reductions and removals. However, most developing countries as host countries of REDD+
don't have NFMS and MRV systems for REDD+, and capacity building for building them arebeing promoted with international cooperation.
Considering the present situation, REDD Research & Development Center of Forestry andForest Products Research Institute Japan has published “REDD-plus Cookbook”. The
Cookbook is an easy-to-understand technical manual that provides basic knowledge andtechnologies required for REDD+ with the main focus on the forest carbon monitoring
methods.
The Cookbook comprises of four parts including Introduction, Planning, Technical, andReference Guide. "Introduction" is designed for the policy makers and their partnerorganizations working for the introduction of REDD+, "Planning" is intended for the planners
and mangers of REDD+ implementing organizations/countries working on REDD+ and“Technical" for the experts who work on the REDD+ activities at national/subnational level.
"Reference Guide" provides references of useful documents that assist users to have a better
understanding of "Introduction" and "Planning".
In the sections "Introduction", "Planning", and "Technical", knowledge and the sufficient
skills required to address REDD+ are compiled in units called "recipe". Users can easily go
through the items in each recipe to in-depth recipe or references in accordance with the "FlowChart". "Reference Guide" aims to provide users with useful information by proposing or
showing examples that can be used as a guide when exploring realistic and practical measuresfor designing and implementing the projects and programs.

References
REDD-plus Cookbook can be downloaded on this page:
http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/en/reference/cookbook.html

Access to relevant information
REDD Research & Development Center: http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/en/―51―

3. Abstracts

FAO’s Supporting Activities on Activity Data and GHG Estimates on
AFOLU sector
Francesco N Tubiello
FAO, Italy

Abstract
FAO supports its member countries identify, assess and report their greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from AFOLU, in support of key UNFCCC processes including National GHG
Inventory, BUR submission, NAMA and REDD+ development. FAO’s focus is on improving
rural statistics addressing both technical and institutional gaps. The relevant FAO activity is
the Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions and Mitigation Potential Project(MAGHG).
The FAOSTAT Emissions database represents the key tool used by FAO in support of its
member countries national inventory processes. Used as the basis for the AFOLU chapter
analysis of the recent IPCC AR5 WGIII Report, it is available online, providing updated
estimates using IPCC 2006 Tier 1 estimates for Agriculture (1961-2011, plus projections to2030 and 2050) and Tier 1 Approach 1 estimates for Land Use (1990-2010). As aninternationally available global database of emissions estimates, it can be used in theprocesses of QA/QC and verification of GHG National Inventories, according to the IPCC
Guidelines.
The FAO presentation will focus on the process followed at FAO to derive relevant activity
data and estimate GHG emissions fro the AFOLU sector, using available official
country-level data from FAOSTAT, as well as new geospatial data developed by FAO in orderto address needs for activity data and GHG estimations in specific key areas such as drainedorganic soils, peatland and biomass fires. A new FAOSTAT manual illustrating theseprocesses and data availability will also be presented.

References
Tubiello et al., 2013. The FAOSTAT Emissions database. Environmental Research Letters, 8
doi 015009
FAO, 2014. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Emissions by Sources and Removals
by Sinks: 1990-2011 Analysis. FAO, Rome, Italy
IPCC 2014. Ch. 11: AFOLU. Smith, P. et al., in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Fifth Assessment Report, WGIII –Mitigation.

Access to relevant information
1. Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions and Mitigation Potential Project, FAO:
http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/en/
2. FAOSTAT Emissions database:
Agriculture: http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/browse/G1/*/E
Land Use: http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/browse/G1/*/E
3. Statistical Data at FAO for GHG Estimation:
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/216137/icode/
4. FAO GHG Infografix
http://www.fao.org/assets/infographics/FAO-Infographic-GHG-en.pdf
5. IPCC AR5 WGIII AFOLU
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/unfccc/sbsta40/AR5WGIII_Tubiello_140606.pdf―52―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIESGFOI’s Supporting Activities on Sectoral MRV Issues for AFOLU Sector
Simon Eggleston
Global Forest Observations Initiative, Switzerland

Abstract
GFOI supports countries develop national forest monitoring systems that are robust, reliable,
achievable at reasonable cost and support planning for national development priorities
including, climate change mitigation and adaptation. These systems enable forest
measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) that is part of reporting under REDD+ andnational greenhouse gas inventories.
GFOI supports other organisations and programmes that are working in this area by providing a platform for coordinating observations: in order to assure the systematic,sustained and worldwide acquisition and supply of forest observations the GFOI will
work with the space agencies of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS),
commercial data providers and researchers collecting relevant ground data; and providing assistance and guidance on utilising observations: GFOI will collaborate
with national institutions and international bodies such as the FAO and World Bank toensure that countries are able to utilize the available data by developing methods,
guidance and advice; providing capacity building; and promoting ongoing research anddevelopment.
GFOI has produced methods and guidance titled Integrating remote-sensing andground-based observations for estimation of emissions and removals of greenhouse gases
in forests that provides operational advice to countries and international organisations on theuse of Earth Observations information in the development of national forest monitoringand Measuring, Reporting and Verifying systems. This guidance is consistent with thedecisions made by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) meeting in Warsaw, in November 2013, and the IPCC Guidelines on Greenhouse
Gas Emission Inventories. It assists in choosing the most appropriate technical solutions. It
will be translated into French and Spanish and be available electronically and training tools
and web support are being developed.
GFOI also is working with CEOS to provide annual wall-to-wall coverages, as cloud free as
possible, using Landsat and Sentinel data free of charge to users, starting with 16 countries in2013 and ramping up to global coverage in 2016. Additional country specific support is also
being provided.
GFOI has the support of 90 countries and many international organisations through GEO andis lead by the FAO, CEOS, Australia, Norway and the USA.

References
GFOI 2014 Integrating remote-sensing and ground-based observations for estimation ofemissions and removals of greenhouse gases in forests Pub GEO, Geneva

Access to relevant information
Website gfoi.org―53―

3. Abstracts

Estimation of Carbon Flux and Stock in Tropical Peatland Applying
Integrated MRV System
Mitsuru Osaki
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan

Abstract
Focusing on carbon emission estimation related with the REDD (Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries)
Mechanism, at COP15 in Copenhagen, MRV (Measurement, Reporting andVerification) focused on establishing reference emission levels, national
monitoring systems. At COP15 of Copenhagen, it was declared that an MRV
system that should be coupled with two components – satellite sensing and grandtools - is urgently required (refer Figure).
Presently, our JST-JICA Project on "Wild Fire and Carbon Management in
Peat-Forest in Indonesia" is the only project in the world to propose all aspects of
MRV in tropical peatlands, enabling it to contribute significantly to also in
tropical wet/low-land. Therefore, this paper describes our MRV system as asensing standard for REDD+, biodiversity, and LLULUCF in tropical peatland
and wet/low-land.

Micro-Satellite& LCTF*4

Terra & Aqua
MODIS (2)GOSAT (1)Satellite

Airborne/***UAV

Landsat, SPOT, ASTER, Hisui
TerraSAR,(3), (4), (8)AVNIR-2, VHR*2
Sensors (3), (4)UAV*3(1), (3)

PALSAR, AMSR-E(4), (5), (6), (7)LiDAR (4), (6), (7)Lateral CO2 Flux

(1) CO2 Flux &Concentration

Vertical CO2 Flux
GroundTower(1)(2) Wildfire detection& Hotspot(3) Forest degradation& Species mapping

Chamber(1)DGPS(7)(4) Deforestation &Forest biomass(5)Water level,changeFES-C*1 (1)

DGPS(7)& Soil moisture

Drilling(6)*1:FES-C : Fiber Etalon Solar measurement of CO2*2:VHR : Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Data
*3:UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle*4:LCTF: Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter

Red: Instrument
Black: Target(6)Peat dome detection& Peat thickness

Water
Gauge(5)(7)Peat subsidence(8)Water solubleorganic carbon

Key Elements of Tropical Peatland MRV System―54―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

USAID LEAD Program Support on Carbon Stock Assessment for Forested
Wetlands and National GHG Inventory Systems
Amornwan Resanond
USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program

Abstract
The U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID’s) regional Low Emissions AsianDevelopment (LEAD) program and the USAID-supported Sustainable Wetlands Adaptationand Mitigation Program (SWAMP), in collaboration with the U.S Forest Service (USFS),
conducted field training in Thailand for participants from eight Asian countries during April
and May 2013, followed by in-country training for Cambodia government officials in April
and May 2014, on application of a new protocol developed by SWAMP for measuring andmonitoring carbon stocks in, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from, mangroves andother forested wetlands. SWAMP is a collaborative effort by the Center for International
Forestry Research (CIFOR), the USFS, and Oregon State University, with support from
USAID. The training courses included sessions on the concepts and science of the protocol, anewly developed method that is informing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) 2013 Wetlands Supplement to the 2006 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Guidelines. The courses included several days in mangrove forests gathering data using theprotocol methodologies, and additional days learning how to process field samples and makepreliminary calculations of carbon stocks.
The USAID LEAD program, in collaboration with an expert from the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), provides training and related
technical support on the components of a sustainable national GHG inventory system using
worksheets developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The USEPA
worksheets support countries in preparing their national GHG inventories, which are used, forexample, in National Communications to UNFCCC. Participants practiced inputting datafrom their respective countries into the USEPA worksheets and reviewed methodologies fordata collection and measurement, quality assurance and quality control, and institutionalarrangements, among other topics. Country teams also developed action plans for
implementing improvements in their respective national GHG inventory systems.
The training was delivered through the Asian Greenhouse Gas Management Center (AGMC),
a new capacity building initiative based in Thailand established through the LEAD program.
* Forested wetlands, including mangroves, peat swamps, cypress domes, and related
ecosystems, are believed to hold some of the highest carbon densities among terrestrial(soil and vegetation) systems. In the Indo-Pacific region, mangroves cover as much as 6.8
million hectares, or approximately 40 percent of world's total, and it is estimated that theseecosystems store more than five times the amount of carbon compared to tropical uplandforested ecosystems (not including peatlands). They provide a wide range of products andservices to both the communities living near them and the economies of countries in theregion, yet these ecosystems are threatened by conversion to aquaculture and agriculture,urban development, overexploitation, and other deforestation and degradation.

―55―

3. Abstracts

References
Kauffman, J.B. and Donato, D.C. 2012. Protocols for the measurement, monitoring andreporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests. Working Paper 86.
CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Available online at the CIFOR website at
http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publication/3749.html

Access to relevant information
More details available on the USAID LEAD website(http://lowemissionsasia.org/news/cambodia-mangrove-protocol-training-2014)―56―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES―57―

3. Abstracts

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

3.6 Session IV
Promoting Knowledge-base System for Scientific Low Carbon Development
Policy making in Asia: growing importance of Inventory work
Shuzo Nishioka
Low Carbon Asia Research Network, IGES, Japan
•

•

•
•

•

IPCC AR5 indicated transforming eventually to zero-emission world is unescapable
for stabilizing climate, whatever the target temperature will be. If the target is less than
2 degree rise from industrial revolution as already agreed in UNFCCC, the total
amount of allowable GHG emission (budget) from now is so small that will be spentout within 30 years if we continues present emission rate.
So, the role of present generation is to achieve low carbon society until the middle ofthis century, while spending thriftily the remaining budget. IPCC AR5 also indicatedthat feasible pathway for this is such that reduce emission into half in 2050. Simple
calculation shows this is 2 ton CO2/ Capita world towards which almost all countries
need to reduce emission.
Asia is the key and highly responsible, because in 2050 it shares half of the world interms of economy, energy and GHG emission.
GHG inventory work, which is newly identifying basic value of all the humanactivities in low carbon society, need to be more deepened and expanded to planningof LC Development policy such as PDCA cycle and MRV, LC economy such as C&T
and supply chain management and absorption field such as REDD and land-use
change.
Asia is almost establishing effective low carbon knowledge sharing mechanism, inwhich WGIA plays the key role in paving scientific pathway to achieve low carbon
Asia.

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

Supporting Activities on MRV by Asia Pacific Network
Jariya Boonjawat
Co-Chair of Scientific Panel Group of Asia Pacific Network

Abstract
The Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) is an inter-governmental
network of 22 countries in the Asia-Pacific that supports regional cooperation in globalchange research, strengthens appropriate interactions among scientists and policymakers, andimproves the scientific and technical capabilities of nations in the region including throughthe transfer of know-how and technology.
The APN was established 1996 with a permanent Secretariat in Kobe, Japan since 1999. It
receives financial contribution from the governments of Japan, USA, Republic of Korea, and
New Zealand. Recently, APN is working closely with developing country members to develop
new co-finance partnerships, under which researchers from partner countries will receive
direct co-funding support from their national government. In July 2014, Cambodia became
the first APN member country to enter into such a partnership and will start supporting
selected projects since 2015.
APN has been supporting regional collaborative research projects on greenhouse gas
inventories and MRV systems through its core programmes for regional collaborative researchand capacity development for member countries, as well as focused activity frameworks withspecific focus on biodiversity and ecosystem services.
One project, “MRV system for REDD+: Scaling up from project level to a national level
REDD+ MRV systems for Laos and Vietnam” (EBLU2011-02CMY(C)-Skole) focuses on (1)training and capacity building in basic concepts of REDD, REDD+ and MRV systems, (2)developing and testing of scalable MRV methods based on current IPCC guidelines using
remote sensing satellite data and geospatial technologies, and (3) enabling technology transfer
of national level MRV systems for REDD+.
These are achieved through (1) data collection, which are collected at the field level tovalidate remote sensing data; or generated by standard forest plot inventory methods; (2)Forest carbon mapping through the development of a method for analysing medium resolution,and (3) training and capacity building of scientists and government agency personnel, as wellas university staff and students.
The project designed an online MRV system for project management. Data are stored in a
relational database which has redundant back-up and the application has bi-monthly system
snap-shots for restore capabilities. The system is available at: http://mrv.carbon2markets.org
Other APN funded projects related to GHG emissions and MRV systems include: Strengthening Community Voices in REDD+ Policy
 Project Scoping and Training Workshop for REDD in Indonesia, Cambodia, and Lao PDR Capacity Building for Implementing a "Measurable, Verifiable and Reportable (MRV)" Model in a
Mid-Sized Thai Municipality
 Critical analysis of effectiveness of REDD+ for forest communities and shifting cultivation based on
lessons learnt from conservation efforts in Laos and Thailand Integrated Prediction of Dipterocarp Species Distribution in Borneo for Supporting Sustainable Use andConservation Policy Adaptation
 Evaluation of Trade-offs between conservation and development — Case of land use change in
Malaysia and Indonesia―59―

3. Abstracts
 Carbon Governance in Asia: Bridging Scales and Disciplines)

References
Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN). (2013). Developing an MRV
system for REDD+: Scaling up from project level to a national level REDD+ MRV systems
for Laos and Viet Nam. Retrieved from http://www.apn-gcr.org/resources/items/show/1708

Access to relevant information
APN E-Lib, www.apn-gcr.org/resources―60―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

The 12th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA12)- Enhancement of Network for Supporting Measurement, Reporting andVerification (MRV) Dr. Jakkanit Kananurak
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization), Thailand

Abstract
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) - under the Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment, the Royal Thai Government – with support from the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) establishes the Climate Change International
Technical and Training Center (CITC) as a “one-stop technical and training center” on
mitigation and adaptation for Southeast Asia region and other developing countries.
Furthermore, CITC aims to establish a network of professionals and experts in climate change
field and to provide them with a platform to discuss and exchange ideas on this crucial issue.
The concept of CITC is to strengthen capacity of key stakeholders in the field of mitigation
and adaptation in the sustainable development context in order to achieve low carbon society.
The main activity of CITC is to provide training service in the area of Climate Change
Mitigation and Adaptation, establish networking platform for Southeast Asia region,disseminate knowledge on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, and to be a learning
resource center on climate change mitigation and adaptation. The target groups of CITC are
governmental agencies, academic institutions, private companies related to mitigation andadaptation, and general public.
CITC provide capacity development services on climate change mitigation and adaptation to
stakeholders in Thailand and Southeast Asian countries. The knowledge clusters of training
courses and the targets as following; 1) GHG Inventory Management 2) Mitigation
Mechanism 3)Low Carbon Society Development and 4) Sustainable GHG Management.
CITC shall work towards achievement of sustainable development as well as promotion ofclean and green environment for the ASEAN region. CITC will actively participate in global
efforts towards addressing global environmental challenges, including climate change, fordevelopment needs and environmental sustainability.

Access to relevant informationwww.cict.in.th―61―

3. Abstracts

Introduction of MRV Guidebooks:
One Hundred Questions & Answers about MRV in Developing Countries(IGES version)&
MRV Guidebook for Policy Makers (IGES-GIZ collaboration version)
Kazuhisa Koakutsu
Climate Change and Energy Area
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)

Abstract
In the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), concepts ofmeasurement, reporting and verification (MRV) become an essential part of international
climate policy regime. While provisions of MRV (e.g. scope, procedure, methodologicalguidance, etc.) are yet to be decided, it is certain that future MRV schemes will be built on
existing ones.
Examples of the existing MRV schemes at the national level include national communications(NCs), biennial update reports (BURs) and national GHG inventories. Another example isassessment of emission reductions under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the
Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM). Some developing countries also have experiences in MRV
beyond what is currently established under the UNFCCC.
In order to strengthen understanding of the existing MRV schemes, IGES prepared two
guidebooks; one is One Hundred Questions & Answers about MRV in Developing Countries,
and the other is MRV Guidebook for Policy Makers in collaboration with GIZ.
The guidebooks have two-step approaches. Step 1 provides readers with questions andanswers (Q&As) for understanding ‘why’, ‘what’, ‘how’, ‘who’, ‘how often’, etc. for the
existing MRV schemes. Q&As on MRV are comprised of two types: common andscheme-specific. The common Q&As are prepared for all of the six MRV schemes. The
scheme-specific Q&As cover aspects of MRV that are considered as unique to a particular
scheme.
Based on the understanding of the overall picture of MRV provided by Step 1, Step 2
introduces selected good practices to help developing countries overcome their common
challenges, because learning from earlier experiences on MRV by developing countries is also
vital to meet their needs and capacities. It is important to get ideas on how challenges may
occur, in the course of practicing MRV, as well as what kinds of challenges may occur in thecontext of developing countries. It is believed that a good practice derived from a particular
MRV scheme can also be applied to other MRV schemes. We also intend to increase theexamples of good practices in subsequent editions of the books.

References IGES, One Hundred Questions & Answers about MRV in Developing Countries(http://www.iges.or.jp/en/climate-energy/mm/201309mrv.html)
 IGES and GIZ, MRV Guidebook for Policy Makers(http://www.mitigationpartnership.net/mrv-guidebook-policy-makers)―62―

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia
– Supporting Activities on MRV by NEDO JCM–

Genichiro Sawamura
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan

Abstract
NEDO ; Following the two oil crises of the 1970s, the need for energy diversification
increased. Against this backdrop, NEDO was established as a semi-governmentalorganization in 1980 to promote the development and introduction of new energy
technologies. Research and development of industrial technology was subsequently added,
and today NEDO has two missions and is active in a wide variety of areas as Japan's largest
public research and development management organization.
About NEDO’s JCM; In order to effectively address the issue of climate change and tocontribute to the global reduction of GHG emission, the Japanese government has been
proposing the “Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)” as one of the Framework for Various
Approaches (FVA) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC).
JCM aims to contribute to the sustainable development of developing countries by facilitating
diffusion of leading low carbon technologies and implementing mitigation actions. Japan has
held consultations with developing countries since 2011and has succeeded in signing bilateral
documents with 12 countries.
In relation to such movement, the NEDO has implemented various Feasibility Studies andDemonstration Projects throughout FY2013. These Studies and Projects not only reveal theeffectiveness of low carbon technologies but also aims to explore how these technologies
could be disseminated in countries outside of Japan.
The main purpose of conducting these Feasibility Studies is to establish methodologies forevaluation techniques of emission reduction effects, assessing business prospects fordissemination and transfer of low carbon technologies, and conducting research on financial
feasibility in disseminating the featured technology. Demonstration Projects, launched in
FY2014, takes a step further by implementing the actual technology and measures the amountof emission reduction in a quantitative manner, by applying measurement, reporting andverification methodologies. These projects will be registered and verified as JCM Projects. By
conducting Feasibility Studies and Demonstration Projects, NEDO aims to disseminate low
carbon technologies that many Japanese companies have acquired, thereby ultimately
contributing to the objective of the UNFCCC to reduce GHG emissions.

References
Information on JCM Partner countries (New Mechanisms Platform)
Summary of NEDO JCM demonstration projects Fiscal Year 2013 (Mongolia, Indonesia,
Vietnam)Results of the amount of Destroyed Fluorocarbons pursuant to the law for ensuring the
Implementation, recovery and destruction of Fluorocarbons concerning specified products of
Fiscal Year 2013 (METI)

Access to relevant information
http://www.mmechanisms.org/
http://www.nedo.go.jp/
http://www.meti.go.jp/press/2014/07/20140718002/20140718002.html―63―

Annex I: Agenda

Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA12)
CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

Annex I: Agenda
The 12th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA12)- Capacity building for measurability, reportability and verifiability Period: 4th – 6th August, 2014,
Venue: Pullman Bangkok King Power, 8/2 Rangnam Road, Thanon-Phayathai, Ratchathewi,
Bangkok, Thailand
Day 1: Morning, 4th August (Mon.)
08:30-12:00
Mutual Learning (Closed sessions: only the countries participating in thesession, chair, facilitators, rapporteur and the WGIA Secretariat can enter
conference rooms for the sessions.)
SectorEnergyAgriculture
LULUCF
ParticipatingIndonesia – Myanmar
China – Mongolia
Vietnam
Countries
Room
Sigma 1Sigma 2Theta
Chair
Mr. Akira Osako (GIO) Mr. Kohei Sakai (GIO) Dr. Midori Yanagawa(GIO)
Rapporteur
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Note: Mutual Learning sessions are closed sessions in order to secure confidentiality of
information to be discussed in the sessions so that countries participating in each Mutual
Learning session can provide unpublished information to each other reliably and safely.
Hence, only participating countries in each session, chair, facilitators, rapporteur and the WGIA
Secretariat can enter each room for the sessions. In addition, facilitators shall be registered inadvance by receiving acceptances from participating countries in each session and the WGIA
Secretariat.
9:00 – 12:00
SEA Project Informal Meeting
Room: Kappa
12:00-13:30
Lunch─ 65 ─

Annex I: Agenda

Annex IDay 1: Afternoon, 4th August, 2014 (Mon.)
13:30-14:00
Participant Registration
14:00 – 15:15
Opening Session
Room:
Chair:Infinity, Ground Mrs. Prasertsuk
Floor
Chamornmarn (TGO,
Thailand)
14:00 – 14:10
Welcome Address
14:10 – 14:20
Welcome Address

Rapporteur:Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Mr. Yu Kamei (MOEJ)
Mr. Suphot Tovichakchaikul(Deputy Permanent Secretary
Minister of Natural Resources
and Environment of Thailand)
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)
Mr. Yu Kamei (MOEJ)
Dr. Natthanich Asvapoositkul(ONEP, Thailand)All

14:20 – 14:30
14:30 – 14:45
14:45 – 15:00

Overview of WGIA12
Japan's climate change policies
Thailand’s climate change policies

15:00 – 15:15
15:15 – 15:45
15:45 – 17:00

Questions and Answers
Group Photo & Tea BreakSession I: Progress of National Communications (NCs), Biennial Update
Reports (BURs) and International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) for BUR
Room:
Chair: Dr. Retno
Rapporteur:
Infinity, Ground Gumilang Dewi (ITB, Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Floor
Indonesia)
Introduction on topics, points of
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
discussions and presentations in thisworking group session
The MRV framework for developing
Alma Jean (UNFCCC)
countries(To be presented via skype.)
UNEP-GEF programmes & projects for
Mr. Conrado Heruela (UNEP)
supporting capacity-building in climatechange mitigation
Questions and Answers
All
Welcome Reception (hosted by the TGO)

15:45 – 16:00
16:00 – 16:20
16:20 – 16:40
16:40 – 17:00
19:00 – 21:00

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
Day 2 Morning, 5th August (Tue.)
8:30 – 12:00
Session II: Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Activities in
Preparation of NCs and BURs
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Infinity, Ground
Dr. Baasansuren
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Floor
Jamsranjav(IPCC/TFI/TSU)
8:30 – 8:40
Introduction on topics, points of discussions Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
and presentations in this working groupsession8:40 – 9:10
QA/QC activities and ICA
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe(IPCC/TFI/TSU)
9:10 – 9:30
QA/QC activities for CC enabling activities Mr.Conrado Heruela (UNEP)
under UNEP global support programmes
9:30– 10:00
Discussion
All
10:00 – 10:30
Tea Break
10:30 – 10:50
QA/QC activities under projects on
Mr. Francesco N. Tubiello
FAOSTAT by FAO(FAO)
10:50 – 11:10
Experience on Quality Assurance/Quality
Thounheuang Buithavong (Lao
Control (QA/QC) activities in preparation of PDR)
the Second National Communication (SNC)
11:10 – 11:40
Discussion
All
11:40 – 13:30
Lunch
Day 2 Afternoon, 5th August (Tue.)
13:30 – 17:00
Session III: Sectoral Working Group Sessions
Working Group Session 1: Cross-cutting (GHG Inventories at various levels)
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Infinity 1,
Asst. Prof. Dr. Bundit
Asst. Prof. Dr. Chalor
Ground Floor
Limmeechokchai
Jarusutthirak (Kasetsart(Thammasat University,
University, Thailand)
Thailand)
13:30 – 13:45
Introduction on topics, points of discussions Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)
and presentations in this working groupsession13:45 – 14:00
Relationship of GHG inventories between
Dr. Junko Akagi (IGES KUC)
national and regional/city level
14:00 – 14:15
ICLEI’s activities on GHG inventories at
Ms. Michie Kishigami (ICLEI
regional or city level
Japan)
14:15 – 14:30
Roles of GHG inventories at regional or
Dr. Shuichi Ashina (NIES/AIM)
city level for developing future GHG
emission/removal projection
14:30 – 14:50
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
14:50 – 15:20
Tea Break
15:20 – 15:35
Thailand’s GHG inventories at regional or
Mr. Chessada Sakulku (TGO,
city level: achievements, gaps andThailand)necessary supports
15:35 – 15:50
Indonesia’s GHG inventories at regional or Mr. Dida M. Ridha (Indonesia)
city level: achievements, gaps and
─ 67
67 ─

Annex I: Agenda

Annex I
15:50 – 16:10
16:10 – 16:25
16:25 – 16:40
16:40 – 17:00
13:30 – 17:00

13:30 – 13:40
13:40 – 13:55
13:55 – 14:10
14:10 – 14:25
14:25 – 14:50
14:50 – 15:10
15:10 – 15:25

15:25 – 15:40
15:40 – 15:55
15:55 – 16:05
16:05 – 16:20
16:20 – 16:35
16:35 – 17:00

necessary supports
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
National GHG inventory in 2011 and local
Dr. Tae-Hoon Kim (Republic of
GHG inventory
Korea)
India’s GHG inventories at regional and
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya
city level: Achievements, gaps and(India)necessary support required
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Working Group Session 2: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use(AFOLU)
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Infinity 2, Ground
Dr. Rizaldi Boer
Dr. Wasinee Wannasiri (TGO,
Floor(Indonesia)
Thailand)Introduction on topics, points of discussions Mr. Kohei Sakai (GIO)
and presentations in this working groupsessionVietnam’s GHG inventories –LULUCF –Ms. Dao Minh Trang
Forestland(Vietnam)
Malaysia’s GHG inventories on AFOLU
Dr. Elizabeth M.P. Philip
sector: achievements, gaps and necessary(Malaysia)
supports
Cambodia’s GHG inventories on AFOLU
Dr. Chuop Paris
sector(Cambodia)
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll
Tea Break
REDD+ Cook Book : How to
Dr. Mitsuo Matsumoto (FFPRI)
systematically deal with estimation on
GHG emissions and removals in forest land
sector
FAO’s supporting activities on activity data Mr. Francesco N. Tubielloand GHG estimates on AFOLU sector(FAO)
GFOI’s supporting activities on sectoral
Dr. Simon Eggleston (GFOI)
MRV issues for AFOLU sector
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Estimation of carbon flux and stock in
Prof. Mitsuru Osaki (Hokkaido
tropical peatland applying integrated MRV University)
systemUSAID LEAD program support on carbon
Dr. Amornwan Resanondstock assessment for forested wetlands and (US AID)
national GHG inventory systems
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll─ 68 ─

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
Day 3 Morning, 6th August (Wed.)
9:00 – 12:30
Session IV: Enhancement of Network for Supporting Measurement, Reportingand Verification (MRV) at various levels
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:
Infinity, Ground Dr. Sumana
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO,
Floor
Bhattacharya (India)
Japan)
9:00 – 9:15
Introduction on topics, points of discussions Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
and presentations in this session
9:15 – 9:30
Promoting knowledge-base system
Dr. Shuzo Nishioka
for scientific low-carbon development (LoCARNet)
policy making in Asia: growing importanceof inventory work
9:30 – 9:45
Supporting Activities on MRV by Dr. Jariya Boonjawat (APN)
Asia-Pacific Network
9:45 - 10:05
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
10:05 – 10:20
Supporting activities on GHG inventories at Dr. Junko Akagi (IGES KUC)
regional or city level by IGES Kitakyushu
Urban Center (IGES KUC)
10:20 – 10:35
Planned supporting activities to be Dr.Jakkanit Kananurak (TGO)
implemented by the Thailand Greenhouse
Gas Management Organization
10:35 – 11:05
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
11:05 – 11:35
Tea Break
11:35 – 11:50
Introduction of MRV Guidebooks: One Mr. Kazuhisa Koakutsu (IGES)
hundred questions & answers about MRV in
developing countries (IGES version) &MRV Guidebook for Policy Makers(IGES-GIZ collaboration version)
11:50 – 12:05
What’s the next step? For Joint Credit Mr. Genichiro Sawamura
Mechanism (JCM) Emission reduction (NEDO)
through MRV methodology
12:05 – 12:30
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
12:30 – 14:00
Lunch
Day 3 Afternoon, 6th August (Wed.)
14:00 – 17:00
Wrap-up Session
Room:
Infinity, Ground Floor
Mutual Learning Sessions
14:00 – 14:15
Summary of Mutual Learning Sessions
14:15 – 14:45
Discussion
14:45 – 15:15
Tea Break
Plenary Sessions
15:15 – 15:30
Summary of Plenary Sessions
Summary of Working Group Sessions
15:30 – 15:40
Working Group Session 1(Cross-cutting issued)
15:40 – 15:50

Working Group Session 2
─ 69 ─

Chair: Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri(GIO)
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)All
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Chalor
Jarusutthirak (Kasetsart
University, Thailand)
Dr. Wasinee Wannasiri (TGO,Annex I: Agenda

Annex I

(AFOLU)

Thailand)All

15:50 – 16:30
Discussion
Closing Remarks
16:30 – 16:45
Closing Remarks

Mrs. Raweewan Bhuridej(Deputy Secretary General,
ONEP, Thailand)
Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri (NIES)

16:45 – 17:00
Closing Remarksth
Day 3 Evening, 6 August (Wed.)
17:30 – 18:30
Joint Meeting of the WGIA Organizing Committee and Advisory Board(members of OC and AB, the WGIA Secretariat and voluntary participants)
Room: Sigma
Chair: Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
17:30 – 18:00
Review of activities in WGIA12
All
18:00 – 18:30
Discussion on topics for WGIA13
All
19:00 – 21:00

Farewell Reception (hosted by the GIO)

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70

Annex II: List of Participants

Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA12)
CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

Annex II: List of Participants
BY PARTICIPATING COUNTRIESCAMBODIA
Dr. Paris CHUOP
General Secretariat of Green Growth,
Ministry of Environment
Ms. Vichet Ratha KHLOK
Climate Change Department,
Ministry of Environment
CHINA
Dr. Shenghui HAN
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences
Dr. Wen ZHANG
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences
Dr. Zhiping ZHUInstitute of Environment and Sustainable
Development in Agriculture, Chinese
Academy of Agricultural Sciences
INDIA
Prof. Tapan Kumar ADHYA
School Of Biotechnology,
KIIT University
Dr. Sumana BHATTACHARYAClimate Change and Sustainability,
Intercooperation Social Development India
INDONESIA
Dr. Rizaldi BOER
Centre for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management in Southeast Asia and Pacificof Bogor Agriculture University

Climate Mitigation and AtmosphericFunction Preservation, Ministry ofEnvironment
Ms. Nela Anjani LUBIS
Project of Capacity Development for
Climate Change Strategies in Indonesia
Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA)
Mr. Dida Migfar RIDHA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Ministry ofEnvironment
JAPAN
Dr. Junko AKAGI
Kitakyushu Urban Centre
Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies (IGES)
Dr. Shuichi ASHINA
Sustainable Social Systems Section,
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. Masahiko FUJIMOTO
Global Environment Dept. Global
Consulting H.Q. Oriental Consultants Co.,Ltd.
Ms. Elsa HATANAKA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. Takahiko HIRAISHI
Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies
Mr. Satoshi IEMOTO
Capacity Building and Outreach Office
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization (TGO)

Dr. Retno Gumilang DEWI
Center for Research on Energy Policy Institut Teknologi Bandung

Mr. Hiroshi ITO
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms.Siti Ina Malayni KAMIL

Mr. Yu KAMEI
─ 71 ─

Annex II: List of Participants

Annex II
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Ms. Takako ONO
Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies (IGES)

Mr. Kazumasa KAWASHIMA
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Prof. Mitsuru OSAKI
Research Faculty of Agriculture,
Hokkaido University

Ms. Michie KISHIGAMIICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability,
Japan Office

Mr. Akira OSAKO
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Kazuhisa KOAKUTSU
Climate and Energy Area, Institute for
Global Environmental Strategies

Mr. Kohei SAKAI
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Naofumi KOSAKA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Atsushi SATO
Environment and Energy Dept. Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Dr. Mitsuo MATSUMOTO
Principal Research Coordinator, Director of
REDD Research and Development Center,
Forestry and Forest Products ResearchInstitute

Mr. Genichiro SAWAMURA
Kyoto Mechanisms Promotion Department
JCM/BOCM Group, NEDO (New Energy
Industrial Technology Development
Organization)

Mr. Yojiro MIYASHITA
Japan Overseas Cooperation Agency,
Thailand

Ms. Teoh SHOM
Sustainable Cities (Kitakyushu Urban
Centre)Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies (IGES) based in Bangkok

Dr. Akinori MORI
Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science,
National Agriculture and Food Research
Organization

Mr. Tomoki TAKAHASHI
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi
UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Dr. Shuzo NISHIOKAGreen Growth and Green Economy Area,
Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies

Mr. Daisuke WATANABE
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Dr. Yukihiro NOJIRIGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Masako WHITEGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Takefumi ODA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Midori YANAGAWA
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,─ 72 ─

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Myanmar Engineering Society

LAO P.D.R.
Ms.Thounheuang BUITHAVONGDivision of GHG mitigation
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment (MONRE)

Mr. Myint SOE
Pollution Control Department
Ministry of Environmental Conservation andForestry

Mr. Bounthee SAYTHONGVANHDivision of GHG mitigation
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment (MONRE)

PHILIPPINES
Ms. Sandee Gamulo RECABAR
Stategic Partnerships – Development
Management Division
Climate Change Office, Climate Change
Commission

MALAYSIA
Dr. Elizabeth M.P. PHILIP
Climate change& Forestry Programme
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Dr. Nadia Mei Lin TAN
Department of Electrical Power Engineering
Universiti Tenaga Nasional
MONGOLIA
Ms.Tegshjargal BUMTSEND
Climate Change Coordination Office,Ministry of Environment and Green
Development

Mr. Kwangon KIM
Statistical Analysis Division
Korea Energy Management Corporation
Mr. Sung-kyun KIM
Climate Change Research Division,
Korea Energy Economics Institute
Mr. Tae-Hoon KIM
GHG Information Team,
Korea Environment Corporation

Ms. Sanaa ENKHTAIVIANCDM National Bureau, Climate Change
Coordination Office
Ministry of Environment and Green
Development

Mr. Chang-Hoon LEE
GHG Information Team,
Korea Environment Corporation

Mr Gerelt-Od TSOGTBAATARClimate Change Coordination Office
Ministry of Environment and Green
Development

Mr. Seung Ju MOON
GHG Information Team,
Korea Environment Corporation

MYANMARMr. Than AYE
Environmental Conservation Department,
Ministry of Environmental Conservation andForestry
Prof. Myo NYUNT
Environmental Committee

REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Ms. Jin-Young CHO
GHG Information Team,
Korea Environment Corporation

Mr. Hochul SHIN
Statistical Analysis Division
Korea Energy Management Corporation
THAILAND
Dr. Natthanich ASVAPOOSITKUL
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)─ 73 ─

Annex II: List of Participants

Annex II
Ms. Malee AUERPARADOL
Office of Transport and Traffic Policy andplanning

Mr. Sivach KEAWCHAROEN
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)

Mr. Pongsuk AUESSUWANNA
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)

Dr. Dares KEAWKET
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)

Mrs. Raweewan BHURIDEJ
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)

Dr. Amarin KHONGTAVEELERD
Department of Occupational Health and
Safety, Faculty of Public health, Mahidol
University

Ms. Prangvalai BOUASAN
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)

Mr. Nattaphon KUENSUWONG
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)

Ms. Napawas BUASRUANG
Pollutant control department

Mrs.Somying KUNANOPPARAT
Department of Industrial Works

Dr. Prapaipitch CHAIRUTMANOKORN
Department of Environmental Technology
and Management, Kasetsart University

Ms. Chirapaporn LAIMA
Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministryof Energy

Mrs. Prasertsuk CHAMORNMARN
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)
Ms. Athitaya CHANGDUANG
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)
Ms. Seetala CHANTES
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)
Dr. Nattapong CHAYAWATTO
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)
Ms. Apaphatch HUNSIRITRAKUN
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)
Dr. Chalor JARUSUTTHIRAK
Department of Environmental Technology
and Management, Kasetsart University
Dr. Jakkanit KANANURAK
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)

Dr. Bundit LIMMEECHOKCHAI
School of Manufacturing Systems andMechanical Engineering (MSME), SIIT
Dr. Pongvipa LOHSOMBOON
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)
Mr. Narong MAHANNOP
Department of National Parks, Wildlife andPlant Conservation
Dr. Paweena PANICHAYAPICHETThailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)
Dr. Suthum PATUMSAWAD
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering,King Mongkut's
Institute of Technology North Bangkok
Dr. Patthra PHENGTHAMKEERATI
Department of Silviculture, Faculty ofForestry, Kasetsart University
Ms. Thipawan PHOTIWUT

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CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES

CGER-I121-2015, CGER/NIES
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)

Mrs. Wanlaya WHUTTANARUT
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

Mrs. Sukamon PRAKHOBCHART
Department of Alternative Energy
Development and Efficiency,Ministry ofEnergyDr. Wasinee WANNASIRI
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)

Dr. Ladawan PUANGCHIT
Department of Silviculture, Faculty ofForestry, Kasetsart University

VIETNAM
Ms. Trang Minh DAO
Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology andEnvironment

Mr. Chessada SAKULKU
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)
Ms. Thanyathorn SAWATDIWONG
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)
Ms. Cattleya SILARATANA
Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand
Mr. Jetnipit SUDTONGKUNK
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)

Mr. Wisarut SUPANNAFAI
Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)

Ms. Nareerat THANAKASEM
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)
Mrs. Jirapa THOCHEEM
Office of Agricultural Economics
Dr. Natarika WAYUPARB
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)

Mr. Song Lan BACH
Land Statistics, Department of Land
Registration, General Department of Land
Administration, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment
OTHERS

Ms. Sumon SUMETCHOENGPRACHYA
Thailand Greehouse Gas Management
Organization (Public Organization)

Dr. Kraichat TANTRAKARNAPA
Department of Social and Environmental
Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine

Mr. Hung Trong NGUYEN
GHG Emission Monitoring and Low Carbon
Economy, Department of Meteorology,
Hydrology and Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment,
Vietnam

IPCC TFI TSU
Dr. Baasansuren JAMSRANJAVTechnical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Mr. Kiyoto TANABE
Technical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Dr. Nina E. UVAROVA
Department for Monitoring of GHG
Emissions in Energy and Industry
Institute of Global Climate and Ecology(IGCE)
Ms. Naima OUMOUSSAClimate Change, Ministry of Environment

─ 75 ─

Annex II: List of Participants

Annex IISEA GHG Project
Mr. Leandro Valmonte BUENDIA
Project Coordinator, Regional Capacity
Building Project for Sustainable National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management
Systems in Southeast Asia
UNFCCC
Ms. Alma JEAN
Programme Officer, Non-Annex I Support,
Mitigation, Data and Analysis
UNEP
Mr.Conrado HERUELA
Task Manager, GEF Climate Change
Mitigation Projects, Division of Technology,
Industry & Economics, Regional Office for
Asia and the Pacific
FAO
Mr. Francesco Nicola TUBIELLO
Monitoring and Assessment of GHG
Emissions and Mitigation Potential in
Agriculture; Climate, Energy and Tenure
Division, Natural Resources Managementand Environment Department
GFOI
Dr. Simon EGGLESTONGFOI Office Coordinator, Group on Earth
Observations, Global Forest Observation
Initiative
APN
Mr. Jariya BOONJAWAT
Co-chair of Scientific Panel Group (SPG)
and SPG for Thailand
US Environmental Protection Agency
Ms. Mausami DESAI
Environmental Engineer, Climate Change
Division, US Environmental Protection
AgencyUS Low Emissions Asian Development
ProgramDr. Amornwan RESANOND
Deputy Chief of Party-Technical, USAID
Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD)
program
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