CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I137-2017

Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA15)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification 11th-13th July 2017, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

CGER-REPORTISSN 1341-4356
CGER-I137-2017

Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA15)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification 11th-13th July 2017, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), CGER, NIES

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA15)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp
Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
Copyright 2017:
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any
information retrieval system, without permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does
not own the copyrights to the presentation materials contained in this publication.
All copies in PDF format are available from: http://www.cger.nies.go.jp
This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A), in
accordance with the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods
and Services by the State and Other Entities.

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................. i
Preface ..................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................... iii
Photos of the Workshop ........................................................................................................ vi
1
Executive Summary of WGIA15 ................................................................................. 1
2
Workshop Report ......................................................................................................... 3
2.1

Opening Session .........................................................................................................................3

2.2

Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports(BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties ...........................................................................................4

2.3

Session II: Countries’ Experience with the ICA Process and Support for Strengthening
Transparency in Reporting from Non-Annex I Parties .........................................................5

2.4

Session III: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from Non-Annex I Parties .....................................6

2.5

Session IV: GHG Inventories, Projections and Mitigation Actions ......................................7

2.6

Wrap-up Session ........................................................................................................................93

Abstracts ...................................................................................................................... 11

3.2

Session I ....................................................................................................................................12

3.3

Session II ..................................................................................................................................16

3.4

Session III .................................................................................................................................20

3.5

Session IV .................................................................................................................................27

3.6

Poster Session ...........................................................................................................................32

4

Report on Mutual Learning Session ......................................................................... 43

4.2

Energy.......................................................................................................................................45

4.3

Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector ...............................................................48

4.4

Waste Sector ............................................................................................................................51

3.1

4.1

Opening Session .......................................................................................................................11

Overview of the Mutual Learning..........................................................................................43

Annex I: Agenda ................................................................................................................... 55
Annex II: List of Participants ............................................................................................. 61

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Foreword

The international community now recognizes increases in anthropogenic emissions ofgreenhouse gases (GHGs) as the primary cause of climate change and its impacts. The 5thAssessment Report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in2013 stated that “the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2),methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have all increased since 1750 due to human activity.”
Moreover, many GHG observatories including Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii have noticed
that the yearly mean concentration of CO2 surpassed 400 ppm since 2015. In order to address
mitigation and adaptation to climate change, all of us on the globe have been making more
efforts than ever in both scientific and political fields.
Furthermore, “Measurement, Reporting and Verification”, abbreviated as MRV, areimportant for ensuring the transparency and accuracy of each country’s mitigation actions byquantifying anthropogenic GHG emissions. In this respect, national GHG inventories, which
provide information on GHG emissions and their trends over time, play a critical role as a basis
for decision makers to design and implement strategies of their countries’ mitigation actions for
reducing GHG emissions.
In order to support the enhancement of capacities for national GHG inventories in Asian
countries, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the“Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with thesupport of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). This workshop supports
government officials, compilers, and researchers in the Asian countries to develop and improvetheir GHG inventories through enhancing regional information exchange. The Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), affiliated with the Center for Global Environmental Research(CGER), NIES, has functioned as the Secretariat for this workshop since its first session.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 15th WGIA, which was held from July
11th to 13th, 2017, in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. We hope that this report will be useful for all
those who work in the field of GHG inventory as well as climate change, and will contribute to
the further progress of inventory development in Asia.

Hitoshi Mukai
Director
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental StudiesiiPreface

An important lesson that we have learned from experience in the history of the UNFCCC
is the importance of “measurement, reporting and verification” (MRV). This includes
measuring the effects of emission reduction initiatives; reporting the results of themeasurement on the international stage; and verifying the status of reductions. MRV ensures
the transparency and accuracy of reports on each country’s mitigation actions.
For steady implementation of MRV, it is essential to develop national systems for
preparation of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and to improve the accuracy of theinventories. In the Paris Agreement, in order to build mutual trust and confidence and topromote effective implementation, the necessity of establishing an enhanced transparency
framework is stated. The purpose of the framework for transparency of actions is to provide aclear understanding of climate change actions, including clarity and tracking of progress
towards achieving Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions (NDCs), and Parties’
adaptation actions to inform the global stocktake. Each Party shall regularly provide a national
inventory report and information necessary to track the progress made in implementing andachieving its NDC under the Paris Agreement. Such GHG inventories are being accepted more
and more as being valuable because the inventories support transparency and accuracy of
implementation of the national mitigation actions in a MRV manner.
Since its first session in 2003, WGIAs have been held fourteen times so far. WGIAs havecontributed significantly to the construction and consolidation of a network of officials
involved in GHG inventory preparation in Asian countries and other institutes, and to theidentification and solution of common issues of relevance to the inventories.
This time, the 15th WGIA (WGIA15) was held from 11th to 13th July, 2017 in Nay Pyi Taw,
Myanmar, as a capacity building workshop for MRV. The items set out for this workshop bytaking into consideration the current situation of the member countries were all essential forthe improvement of their inventories.
The outcomes of the WGIA15 are summarized in this report as Proceedings. It is our hopethat this report will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the GHG
inventories of the WGIA-member countries.
In conclusion, we would like to thank all the attendees for their participation and active
contribution to the success of the workshop.

Yukihiro Nojiri

Yoshio Nakura

ManagerGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office
Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Director
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office
Global Environment Bureau
Ministry of the Environment, Japanii

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AB
AD
AFOLU
AIM
APA
AR5
ASEAN
BNERI
BUR
BUR1 / 1st.BUR
CFCs
CGER
CH4
CITC
CO
CO2
COP
CRAES
CS
CSEF
EF
EFDB
FAO
FFPRI
FSV
FY
GDP
GEF
GHG
Gg
GIO
GIR
GPG
GPG-LULUCF
GSP
GWP
HCFCs
HFCs
ICA
IGES
INC
INDC
IP
IPCC

WGIA Advisory Board
Activity Data
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Asia-Pacific Integrated Model
The Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement
the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report
Association of South-East Asian Nations
Brunei National Energy Research Institute
Biennial Update Report
The first Biennial Update Report
Chlorofluorocarbones
Center for Global Environmental Research
MethaneClimate Change International Technical and Training Center
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Conference of the Parties
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Country-SpecificCountry-Specific Emission Factor
Emission Factor
IPCC Emission Factor Database
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Facilitative Sharing of Views
Fiscal year
Gross Domestic Product
Global Environmental Facility
Greenhouse Gas
Giga gram (109 g)
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change andForestry
Global Support Programme
Global Warming Potential
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
Hydrofluorocarbons
International Consultation and Analysis
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Initial National Communication
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
Industrial Processes
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
iii
iii

IPCC/ TFI
IPCC/TFI/TSU
LUCF
LULUCFML
MoEFCC
MOEJ
MONRE
MONREC
MRV
MURC
Mt
N
NAI
NAMA
N2O
NC
NDC
NDRC
NIES
NIR
NMVOC
NOx
OC
ODS
ONEP
PGHGIMRS
QA
QC
REDD
REDD+
SBI
SBSTA
SNC
SF6
SOx
SPM
TA
TACCC
TGO

IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Technical Support Unit of the IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Land-Use Change and Forestry
Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Mutual Learning
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, India
The Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation of
MyanmarMeasurement, Reporting and Verification
Measureable, Reportable, and Verifiable
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd., Japan
Million tonnes
Nitorogen
Non-Annex I
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
Nitrous oxide
National Communication
Nationally Determined Contribution
National Development and Reform Commission, China
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
National Inventory ReportNon-methane volatile organic compounds
Nitrogen Oxides
WGIA Organizing Committee
Ozone Depleting Substance
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy andPlanning, Thailand
Philippine Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management and Reporting
SystemQuality Assurance
Quality Control
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradationin developing countries
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation,and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management ofForests, and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks
the Subsidiary Body for Implementation
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
Second National Communication
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur oxides
Summary for Policymakers
Technical Analysis
Transparency, Accuracy, Completeness, Comparability andConsistency
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public
Organization)
iv

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
TNC
TTE
UNDP
UNEP
UNFCCCUS EPA
WGIA
1996GLs
2006GLsThird National Communication
Team of Technical Experts
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

vv

Photos of the Workshop
Welcome Address

Welcome Address

Mr. Yoshio Nakura

Mr. Ohn Winn

Minister of MONREC, Myanmar

Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, MOEJ

Chairpersons for the Plenary Sessions
Opening Session
Session I

Mr. Hla Maung Thein
MONREC

Session II

Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi
IGES

Session III

Session IV

Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya

Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon

Iora Ecological Solutions Pvt ltd

Prof. Rizaldi Boer

Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management in Southeast Asia and Pacific,
Bogor Agricultural Univ.

Wrap-up Session

The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology ThonburiviProf. Yukihiro Nojiri
Manager of GIO, Japan

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
Mutual Learning Sessions

LULUCF sector:

Lao PRD - Myanmar

Energy sector:

Mongolia - Vietnam

Waste sector:

China - Philippines

Discussions
in the Plenary Sessions

Discussions
in the Poster Session

Information Exchange in Tea Breaks & Reception

vii
vii

1. Executive Summary of WGIA15

Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA15)
CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

1

Executive Summary of WGIA15

Summary
The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES) convened, together with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation of Myanmar (MONREC), the “15th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories
in Asia (WGIA15)” from July 11 (Tuesday) to 13 (Thursday), 2017, in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
The annual workshops have been held since 2003 in order to support non-Annex I (NAI) Parties
in Asia to develop and improve their GHG inventories and to facilitate the enhancement of cooperative
relationships towards improvement in the accuracy of national GHG inventories in the Asian region.
This year, in total, 120 participants attended WGIA15, including government and research
representatives of fourteen countries (Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao P.D.R.,
Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam), in
addition to representatives of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC/TFI), the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and Departmentof the Environment of Australia.
Opening session
As host countries, a Minister from MONREC of Myanmar and a representative from Japanese
government individually made welcome addresses. Japan presented its climate change policies
including “Plan for global warming countermeasures” which is based on the Paris Agreement. Then,
Myanmar’s government made a presentation on integrated approaches in strategies and action plans
for achieving sustainable development goals in Myanmar.
The potency of subsidies from carbon tax revenue which are used for private sector’s research anddevelopment of low-carbon technologies, as well as the importance of coordination among
countermeasures for climate change policies implemented by the overarching committee and working
groups and other national policies were shared.
Updates on NCs and BURs
Brunei, Philippines, Cambodia, and China talked about their submitted National Communications(NCs) or first Biennial Update Reports (BURs) and reported their most updated emission amount,mitigation activities, and relevant data.
Though the UNFCCC reporting guidelines do not formally request NAI Parties to use the 2006
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006GLs), the reporting guidelines are theminimal requirements, and the Parties may use the 2006GLs. The conclusion in the forty-second
session of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI42) refers to the need of capacity building inthe 2006GLs. It was acknowledged that the 2006GLs reflected the latest scientific knowledge, andapplying the 2006GLs was encouraged.
Countries’ Experience with the ICA Process and Support for Strengthening Transparency inReporting from Non-Annex I Parties
Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand introduced their experience of the ICA process. The secretariat
of UNFCCC made a presentation on some of their capacity building projects and trainings forstrengthening transparency and updated information about the status of negotiation on the transparency
framework under the Paris Agreement.
Some countries mentioned that they had received questions about non-GHG (CO, NOx, Nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), SOx) /SF6 emissions during the technical analyses.
11

1. Executive Summary of WGIA15
The reporting status of other WGIA countries for those gases were shared.
Fluorinated Gas Emissions from Non-Annex I Parties
GIO made a presentation on WGIA countries’ reporting status of F-gases such as HFCs, PFCs, andSF6. MOEJ showed policies and measures of Japan for the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
A representative of IPCC/TFI explained the methodology of estimating F-gas emissions. India, China
and Korea introduced their reporting status of fluorinated gas emissions.
In the session, the participants shared the understanding of the importance of F-gas emissions fromrefrigeration and air conditioning, and it was noted that the 2006GLs may contribute to improving theaccuracy of emission estimations. The difference of Global Warming Potential (GWP) values between
the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and the UNFCCC was pointed out, and it was notedthat collaboration was needed between the GHG inventory community and Montreal
Protocol/mitigation community to enhance the work of both groups. It was acknowledged thatreporting F-gas emissions will be encouraged.
GHG Inventories, Projections and Mitigation ActionsFirst, NIES talked about mitigation actions and projections of fluorinated gas emissions using the
Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM). Australia introduced their national system for GHG inventory
compilation. Then, Technical Support Unit of the IPCC/TFI (IPCC/TFI/TSU) explained recent
activities of IPCC TFI, such as the 2019 Refinement to the 2006GLs. Lastly, UNEP explained theinterlinkages between GHG inventories and projections and mitigation actions, and introduced sometypical technical mistakes in the preparation of inventories and mitigation/NDC actions.
In the session, participants discussed some methodological issues of potential emissions and actual
emissions for F-gas emission estimations, and showed a common understanding of the importance ofimproving the accuracy of GHG inventories which contributed to the implementation of emission
reduction targets and evaluation of mitigation actions. It was noted that, in order to improve theaccuracy of GHG inventories, constructing continuous national systems and reflecting the latest
scientific knowledge including the latest IPCC GLs were needed, and it was acknowledged that it was
important to provide related support for the improvement of GHG inventories.
Mutual Learning of each sector’s GHG inventories
The participants preliminarily exchanged materials and questions to learn about the inventory andinstitutional arrangements of the counterpart country. For each session, two countries engaged witheach other, by following up on the Q&A which had taken place over the course of two and a halfmonths preceding the Workshop. In this WGIA, the mutual learning was held on the following three
GHG inventory sectors: Energy sector (Mongolia and Vietnam), LULUCF sector (Laos and Myanmar),and Waste sector (China and the Philippines).
Through these sessions, specific issues of partner countries were discussed. Basic information suchas statistics system and information for further elaboration such as segmentation of estimation
categories and development of country-specific emission factors, was also studied. Since detailed
background of other country’s inventory was very helpful, they expressed their wish to actively takepart in ML in the future.
Poster Session
This was held to share the latest research results and deepen the discussion on specific issues.
Eleven posters were displayed during the workshop and active discussions were made at the session.
Many participants welcomed the poster session and looked forward to it at the next WGIA.

22. Workshop ReportCGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

2

Workshop Report

Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Office of Japan (GIO):
http://www-gio.nies.go.jp/wgia/wg15/wg15index-e.html

2.1 Opening Session
The opening session was chaired by Mr. Hla Maung Thein (Myanmar), and the rapporteur was Mr.
Naofumi Kosaka (GIO).
The welcome address was delivered by H. E. U Ohn Winn, Union Minister, Minister of the
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar (MONREC), followed by
the welcome address delivered by Mr. Yoshio Nakura, Director of the Low-Carbon Society Promotion
Office, Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ).
Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO) gave an overview of WGIAs. He introduced the organization of WGIA inprogress, its objectives, participants, and agenda. The objectives of WGIA15 were: To enhance sector-specific capacity for inventory compilation (Mutual Learning);
 To share information on national GHG inventories for national communications (NCs) andbiennial update reports (BURs) (Session I);
 To explore good practices for International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) of BUR (Session
II); To enhance the understanding of methodology of estimating fluorinated gas emissions (Session
III); and
 To promote the relationship among GHG inventory, projections and mitigation actions (Session
IV).
Mr. Ito emphasized that an accurate inventory of NCs and BURs will contribute to the planningand assessment of the emission reduction target in Intended Nationally Determined Contribution(INDC) /Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).
Mr. Takumi Ichikawa (MOEJ) made a presentation on Japan's climate change policies as well as
the current situation of Japan. He reported that Japan’s national greenhouse gas emissions in fiscal year
(FY)2015 were 1,325 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.). He also showed the
reduction target of "3.8% or more emission reduction compared to FY2005" and a 26.0% reduction by
FY2030 compared to FY2013 (25.4% compared to FY2005), as shown in Japan’s INDC. Furthermore,
he introduced a variety of policies and measures including public campaign for reducing GHG
emissions by using carbon tax revenue, making full contribution to the implementation of the Paris
Agreement.
Mr. Than Aye (Myanmar) made a presentation on Myanmar’s national climate change policies,
strategy and action plan. He overviewed the national circumstances and policy measures of climatechange in Myanmar. He also showed integrated approaches in strategies and action plans for resilience,
low-carbon green growth, and environmental sustainability for achieving sustainable development
goals.
In the discussion, Japan’s carbon pricing was discussed. Mr. Ichikawa explained that the subsidies
from the tax revenue were used for private sector’s research and development of low carbon
technologies. Also, Myanmar’s institutional arrangement was confirmed, and Mr. Than Aye explainedthat the overarching committee produced national environmental policy. Six working committees wereformed under the national-level environmental conservation and climate change committee, and they33

2. Workshop Report
produced policies including climate change, green economy strategies, and waste management
strategies. Mr. Than Aye pointed out that the coordination among these policies was challenging, eachworking committee monitoring and evaluating the progress of policy implementation.

2.2 Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial
Update Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties
This session was chaired by Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) and the rapporteur was Mr. Naofumi
Kosaka (GIO).
Non-Annex I (NAI) Parties shall, as per COP 16 decision, submit national GHG inventories as apart of their BURs or NCs every two years. Under such circumstances, participant countries havestarted preparations for their BURs and/or NCs. In this session, representatives from Brunei
Darussalam, the Philippines, Cambodia, and China gave presentations about their latest BUR and NCs.
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO) made an introductory presentation of this session. He overviewed relevant
articles of the Convention for NCs, first BUR and ICA of BURs. He also showed the submission statusof NCs and BURs in Asian countries in recent years.
Mr. Muhammad Nabih Fakhri Matussin (Brunei) gave a presentation on Brunei Darussalam's
Initial NC. He explained that Brunei National Energy Research Institute (BNERI) had compiled the
INC which included the 2010 inventory by using the Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (1996GLs) and the Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management
in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (GPG 2000). He also pointed out that net GHG emissions
from Brunei had been 6.61 million tonnes CO2-eq. (with LUCF) in 2010. Furthermore, he showed themitigation measures in his country on the energy, LUCF and waste sectors.
Ms. Maria Delia Cristina M. Valdez (the Philippines) gave a presentation on Philippine’s Second
NC, which contained the inventory for 2000. Net GHG emissions from the Philippines were 21.8
million tonnes CO2-eq. (with LUCF) in 2000. She also explained that beside the SNC submission, thePhilippines institutionalized the Philippine Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management and Reporting
System (PGHGIMRS) in 2014. Within this year, the Philippines will draft a new GHG inventory under
the PGHGIMRS.
Mr. Leang Sophal (Cambodia) gave a presentation on Cambodia’s Second NC. He explained that
Cambodia’s SNC included the inventory for 2000 compiled by using the 1996GLs. Net GHG
emissions in 2000 from Cambodia were 0.22 million tonnes CO2-eq. (with LUCF). He also introduced
Cambodia’s potential actions for GHG mitigation to address climate change identified in the INDC.
Prof. Gao Qingxian (China) gave a presentation on China’s first BUR which was compiled by
National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and included the inventory for 2012, andexplained GHG emission control actions and their effects in the 12th five-year plan for the period of
2011-2015, as well as targets and tasks by the end of the 13th five-year plan period in 2020.
In the discussion, participants became aware of the technical advantages of applying the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006GLs) in their inventory preparation. While
the UNFCCC reporting guidelines do not formally request NAI Parties to use the 2006GLs, thereporting guidelines are the minimal requirements and the parties may apply them. The SBI42
conclusion refers to the need of capacity building on the application of the 2006GLs. Updated emission
factors and calculation tools are currently offered by the 2006GLs, IPCC Inventory Software and IPCC
4

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
Emission Factor Database. Some participants indicated interest in applying the 2006GLs, or a
combination of these guidelines and the previous 1996GLs in their next reports due to the new
guidelines’ own advantages.

2.3 Session II: Countries’ Experience with the ICA Process and Support forStrengthening Transparency in Reporting from Non-Annex I Parties
This session was chaired by Prof. Rizaldi Boer (Advisory Board (AB) / Bogor Agricultural
University), and the rapporteur was Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO).
As many of the WGIA member countries have completed their ICA process for their first BURs,
experiences of the process have been accumulated. The third round of Facilitative sharing of views(FSV) for BURs have just been completed in SBI 46, including India, Indonesia, Malaysia andThailand. Thus, the session was held with the aim of sharing experiences, inviting Indonesia, Malaysia
and Thailand, to give experience-based presentations.
Furthermore, the second aim of this session, “Support for strengthening transparency in reportingfrom NAI Parties”, was set to lead participants to the next step for understanding future transparency
framework under the Paris Agreement.
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO) made an introductory presentation. She showed an overview of pastsessions related to the ICA process and indicated where we were at present and what we would needfor the future. She also explained the process of ICA with data showing the figures of parties’ status in
the process.
Dr. Joko Prihatno (Indonesia) started off the session with a presentation entitled “Indonesia
Experience of the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) Process”. He gave an overview ofIndonesia’s first BUR, including key categories. He also made a detailed explanation over theTechnical Analysis (TA) process with the timeline Indonesia had. Furthermore, he shared a part of theSummary Report of TA and concluded that Team of Technical Experts (TTE)’s recommendations could
be used as feed-back to improve the accuracy of calculation of GHGs, and as a means to identify areas
with the need for improvement in capacity building.
Dr. Elizabeth Philip (Malaysia) also made an experience-based presentation. She showed an
overview of Malaysia’s BUR with their timeline of the ICA process. Furthermore, she told about thechallenges in operating a robust MRV system, implementing mitigation actions, collecting data for
shifting to adopting the 2006GLs and some other issues related to lack of human resources. She also
told that the ICA process helped enhance Malaysia’s understanding of reporting requirements toincrease its transparency.
Dr. Patthra Pengthamkeerati (Thailand) introduced Thailand’s experience of the ICA process. She
showed many of the key questions raised by TTEs and their answers to TTEs, so that practical aspectsof the TA process could be shared. She also told about the good practice conducted in Thailand, i.e.,
Thailand started to establish a structure for the reporting system, and all related agencies have been
engaged, because of this ICA process.
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) introduced some capacity building projects and training courses
for strengthening transparency, and updated information about the status of negotiation on thetransparency framework was shared.
The floor discussed TTE’s intention with the question about the coverage on non-GHG emissions55

2. Workshop Reportraised during the TA. It was concluded that TTE’s intention was completeness. The chairperson raised
a question asking about more information on continuous availability in capacity building provided by
UNFCCC’s secretariat. Mr. Revet agreed with the continuous need for training and gave additional
information on provided training courses; one is the ordinary face-to-face training and the others arevarious types of online training courses. He mentioned that some courses were provided in Spanish.
He also mentioned about the shortage in financial resources for holding a certain number of face-toface training.

2.4 Session III: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from Non-Annex I Parties
This session was chaired by Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (AB/ Iora Ecological Solutions Pvt ltd.) andthe rapporteur was Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO).
The session focused on the new requirements under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal
Protocol, estimation methodology for fluorinated gases, and challenges/good practices in reporting. A
wide range of experts gave presentations and participants exchanged views on how to estimate andreport F-gas emissions.
Ms. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO) made an introduction to the session and presented the status of reportingby WGIA countries of fluorinated gases under the UNFCCC. Although the reporting of F-gases suchas HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 is not mandatory for NAI countries, some WGIA countries are reporting suchgases. However, it is still difficult to grasp the general picture of F-gas emissions because it is often
unclear: 1) whether it is a true zero-emission situation (NO) or whether it is just a lack of data (NE),2) whether it is a conscious choice not to report (intentional NE), or 3) whether the reported data aretrue (not under-estimated or overestimated).
Mr. Masahiko Suzuki (MOEJ) presented an overview of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal
Protocol and policies on fluorocarbons in Japan. The Kigali Amendment will require a phasedown ofHFCs, and in response to this, Japan will be enhancing its policies and measures through the Act on
Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons.
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/TFI) introduced IPCC estimation methodologies for fluorinated gases.
F-gas emissions occur from manufacturing industries and from F-gas product use. Although actual
emissions estimation is more complex, with the bank to be taken account of, the IPCC Inventory
Software enables this.
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (India) talked about assessing F-gases in India's context. India has phased
out CFCs and halons and is planning for HCFC phase-out. HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 are assessed in theinventory, and HFC consumption will be phased down by 85% by 2047 under the Montreal Protocol’s
Kigali Amendment.
Prof. Jianxin Hu (China) gave an overview on hydrofluorocarbon emissions in China through an
inventory for 2005−2013 and projections to 2050. China's HFC emissions during the 2005-2013 period
have increased, due to the rapid growth in the consumption of HFCs with higher GWPs. According to
his and his colleagues’ study, HFC emissions are projected to be a significant component of China's
future GHG emissions.
Ms. Min-Sun Kim (Korea) explained the F-gas emission trends in the Republic of Korea. Korea
has HFC and SF6 emission data for 1990 to 2014, and PFC data for 1992 to 2014. There is a general
upward trend, and the accuracy could be improved by the acquisition of activity data (AD) for specific6CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
sub-categories.
Following the above presentations, some comments were given and questions were raised. Mr.
Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) raised the issue of what GWP should be used under the various reporting
schemes. He pointed to the fact that the Kigali Amendment required countries to estimate using
specified GWPs, but also noted that UNFCCC reporting for NAI countries required the use of IPCCSAR GWP values upon conversion to CO2 equivalent values.
Mr. Hiraishi also pointed to the importance of collaboration between GHG inventory experts andmitigation experts. In the case of the Kigali Amendment, regulative measures are to be taken in terms
of production or consumption of HFCs, but we would need to know what measures lead to reductionin the emissions of HFCs.
Mr. Stanford Mwakasonda (UNEP) stressed that there were no countries without refrigerants andthat it was important to allocate more effort to this sub-sector. He also cautioned against using thepotential emissions approach (1996GLs Tier 1) in estimation because of its large margin of error,
especially with regard to when emissions occur.
Seeing the enthusiastic responses of participants, Dr. Bhattacharya concluded by saying that she
expected to have more discussions on this theme of F-gases in future WGIAs.

2.5 Session IV: GHG Inventories, Projections and Mitigation Actions
This session was chaired by Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon (AB/ King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi) and the rapporteur was Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO).
The session focused on the interlinkages between GHG inventories, projections and mitigation
actions. The aim of the session was the following: To understand how better inventories and national systems can help improve projections andmitigation actions; To understand key issues to consider in the development of inventories, projections andmitigation actions; and To gain knowledge on support programs to improve GHG inventories.
A wide range of experts gave presentations, and participants exchanged views on the interlinkages
between GHG inventories, projections and mitigation actions.
At the outset, Dr. Midori Yanagawa (GIO) made an introduction to the session and explained theaim of the session.
Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka (NIES) made a presentation on the importance of developing fluorocarbon
emission inventories in Asia and conducting emission mitigation analysis. Reduction of emissions of
all GHGs, including fluorocarbons is needed in order to achieve the two degree Celsius target under
the Paris Agreement. HFC emissions are projected to raise, but measures against CFC and HCFC
emissions remain important, since they have large GWPs. It is therefore important to develop
fluorocarbon emission inventories in Asia and conduct emission mitigation analysis. Recovery anddecomposition of fluorocarbons need to be promoted in this context.
Mr. Haakon Marold (Australia) made a presentation on Australia's National Inventory System for
GHG inventory reporting. He stressed that its success was in large part due to key investments in data77

2. Workshop Reportcollection and centralized data management systems. Data collection is underpinned by legislationsuch as the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme, and the Australian Greenhouse
Emissions Information System supports a high quality and transparent inventory consistent withinternational requirements.
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (IPCC/TFI/TSU) explained IPCC-TFI's recent activities. Their main
focus now is preparing the “2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories.” This report is to be completed by May 2019, and the first order draft is scheduled
for Expert Review at the end of this year. She also introduced recent activities regarding the IPCC
Inventory Software, IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB), and support for inventory-related
capacity building programmes.
Mr. Stanford Mwakasonda (UNEP/UNDP GSP) spoke about national GHG inventories for thedevelopment of mitigation or NDC actions. He explained how GHG inventories were essential for thedevelopment of Business-As-Usual (BAU) baseline projections, and mitigation actions orimplementation of NDC goals. He offered advice on institutional arrangements such as strengthening
existing ties between national entities involved in collection of activity data and inventory/NC/BUR
agencies, but also creating a national MRV team that goes beyond preparing these reports and thinks
ahead to future development. He also offered insight regarding common mistakes made during national
inventory preparation.
Mr. Ajay Raghava (India) raised a question on the accuracy of the potential (top-down) emissions
approach to estimate F-gas/Fluorocarbon emissions while acknowledging that there were problems
faced when there was a lack of detailed data to estimate actual (bottom-up) emissions. Dr. Hanaoka
acknowledged this challenge of acquiring detailed data but stressed the importance to move toestimating actual emissions. Ms. Philip commented that the potential emissions approach might behelpful as a first step in starting estimation.
Following the above presentations, some comments were given and questions were raised. Dr.
Aaron J.M. Russell (Myanmar) commented that there seemed to exist no-regret policies that could betaken regardless of the absence of statistics or other data, and Dr. Hanaoka responded thatcollection/destruction of F-gases/Fluorocarbons or replacement of certain gas species with lower GWP
gases were surely good polices that would reduce emissions, however quantification of actual
emissions remained to be important to understand the effort needed.
Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) raised the issue of what GWP should be used under the various
reporting schemes. Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) noted that UNFCCC reporting rules for NAI
countries required that emissions were reported on a gas-by-gas basis and in units of mass, and that
IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR) GWPs were required if converting to CO2 equivalent values.
Mr. Mwakasonda pointed out the fact that in BUR technical analysis, SAR GWPs were recommended.
Dr. Hu noted that the Kigali Amendment required countries to estimate using the IPCC-AR4 GWPs.
It was noted by Dr. Towprayoon that countries needed to be mindful of this difference, and thatconsistency in reporting would be ideal.
Mr. Hiraishi, although acknowledging that the rules on which IPCC guidelines should be used by
NAI countries were defined by Decision 17/CP.8, pointed out that this decision was taken a while ago,
and that new SBI conclusions have been taken requesting training on the use of the 2006GLs. To this,Mr. Mwakasonda responded that the decision, however, specified the use of the 1996GLs, and TA of
BURs were done based on it.

8CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
In response to a question from Dr. Elizabeth Phillip (Malaysia), Ms. Jamsranjav clarified that Tier
2 estimation methodologies for some categories in the non-AFOLU sectors had been incorporated into
the IPCC Inventory Software. Dr. Phillip commented on the usefulness of this in the context of F-gas
emission estimation.
On the issue Dr. Phillip raised on how to retain GHG inventory experts within each country’s
national systems, Mr. Mwakasonda commented that he felt it important to maintain the motivation in
the experts. He drew on the example of his experience of joining the Annex I country inventory review
and meeting new international peers but also expanding his thinking on issues. He also suggested thateach country had a basic institutional arrangement that could utilize consultants without overly relying
on them for institutional memory.
Dr. Sung-kyun Kim (KEEI) shared the information that Korea was having difficulties in utilizing
the inventory for domestic mitigation policy-making, since IPCC/UNFCCC classifications ofsectors/categories were viewed by some to be written in stone. Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe (IPCC/TFI)
explained that from a purely IPCC perspective, its function was to provide sound methodologicalguidance, and it was up to countries/entities to decide what to do. Mr. Revet noted that the UNFCCC
reporting rules specified that IPCC Guidelines were to be used. Ms. Hatanaka (GIO) commented thatshe felt that the inventory was ultimately a tool used to fulfill international commitments, and explainedthat in Japan’s case, press releases that better fit the domestic policy-making needs were
simultaneously prepared, using different classification/names of categories etc. to explain the state ofemissions to the public.

2.6 Wrap-up Session
This session was chaired by Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO). In this session, the rapporteurs from the
Mutual Learning session and plenary sessions provided summaries of the discussions including
findings and recommendations, which were followed by the final discussion to conclude the workshop.
Summary of the Plenary Sessions
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO), the rapporteur of the Plenary Sessions, reported a summary of thepresentations and discussions of the Opening Session through Session IV.
After his report, Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi (IGES) made a comment that holding a side event in parallelto the mutual learning session would be beneficial in the next WGIA. This was left to the
AB/Organizing Committee (OC) meeting for consideration.
Summary of the Mutual Learning
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO) presented the background and objectives of the Mutual Learning (ML)
programme as well as the outcomes of past MLs. He also summarized the ML held in this workshop.
After his report, many participants of ML expressed their appreciation. They said that the ML wasinformative and beneficial because they could share problems and knowledge. It was suggested that
ML would be more effective if countries with similar national circumstances were chosen as
counterpart when matching countries. Another suggestion was that ML should deal with cross-cutting
issues such as key category analysis, uncertainty analysis, and QA/QC. Generally, it was agreed that
the ML was useful and should be continued.
Closing Remarks
The closing remarks were delivered by Mr. Hla Maung Thein (Myanmar) and Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri(GIO). They thanked all for their active participation.
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CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

3

Abstracts

In this section, the abstracts of the presentations are compiled. The abstracts are attached unedited, inthe same form as they were received from the presenters.

3.1 Opening Session
Latest Japanese Climate Change Policies
Takumi Ichikawa
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract

Japan succeeded in reducing its emissions in the recent 2 years, overcoming challenges of the Great
East Japan Earthquake. In 2015, Japan’s total emissions were estimated to be 1,325 megaton carbon
dioxide equivalent (MtCO2 eq.). In the recent years GDP has been growing but the GHG emissions
have been decreasing, so they show a decoupling trend.
Japan is committed to achieve following emission reduction targets.
By 2020: 3.8% or more emission reduction compared to 2005
By 2030: 26.0% (25.4%) reduction compared to 2013(2005) (Japan’s NDC)
Japan established “the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures” that helps to implement avariety of policies and measures, requires continuous progress review, and promotes government andpublic-private partnerships to achieve the reduction targets. The plan also sets a long-term goal to aim
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, while pursuing the global warming
countermeasures and the economic growth at the same time under international coordination. This planis Japan’s foundation to progress the global warming countermeasures.
With regard to Long-term low GHG emission development strategy, Japanese government
established domestic committees by experts among relevant ministries to consider and discuss theissue. But the strategy’s submission timing is yet to be decided.
Central Environment Council of Ministry of the Environment published “Long-term Low-carbon
Vision” as a basis to consider the strategy. The vision aims to clarify the role of Japan in addressing
climate change and to show images of targeted future vision.

Information
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April, 2017)
Global Warming Countermeasures Plan
Long-term Low-carbon Vision
General Energy Statistics of Japan (April, 2017)
Annual Report on National Accounts
IPCC AR5 The Synthesis Report Figure 2.3

AccessJapan's Assistance Initiatives to address Climate
Change<https://www.env.go.jp/press/files/en/698.pdf>

1111

3. Abstracts

3.2 Session I
Brunei Darussalam’s Initial National Communications
Muhammad Nabih Fakhri Matussin and Abdul Matiin Haji Muhd Kasim
Brunei National Energy Research Institute (BNERI)
Brunei Darussalam

Abstract
Brunei Darussalam ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change(UNFCCC) on 7 August 2007, which subsequently entered into force on 5 December 2007.
Brunei Darussalam’s Initial National Communications, submitted in 2016, comprises the national
inventory of GHG for the year 2010 and measures representing policy and actions that contribute to
reduction of GHG and address climate change impacts during this period. GHG emissions were
estimated using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories. Emission estimates
were based on the sectoral and reference approaches and were made using the default conversion andemission factors provided for in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. The Tier 1 methodology was used
for emission estimates.
Brunei Darussalam’s GHG emissions excluding LUCF totaled 9,488.6 Gg of CO2e in 2010. LUCF
had contributed to the removal of 2,876.2 Gg CO2e. The net GHG emissions including LUCF wereapproximately 6,612.4 Gg CO2e. Brunei Darussalam GHG emission including LUCF represented asmall fraction of approximately 0.016% of global emissions in 2010. The two most significant GHG
emitted in Brunei Darussalam were CO2 and CH4, accounting respectively 62.0% and 36.8% of total
CO2 equivalent emission. Emission levels for nitrous oxide and hydrofluorocarbons were relatively
small. A total of 8,858.2 Gg CO2e of emissions originated from the energy sector. IPPU emitted 106.7
Gg CO2e. Meanwhile, 27.1 Gg CO2e of emissions came from the agriculture sector and waste sector
emitted 496.6 Gg CO2e. LUCF had been the carbon sink with net removal of 2,625 Gg CO2e.
Civen Brunei Darussalam’s vulnerability to climate change impacts, the government has developedand implemented plans and actions to build and enhance resilience and adaptation to the adverse
impacts of unusual and extreme weather and climate events. Flood mitigation and coastline protection
projects in flood prone areas and erosion susceptible areas were implemented under the National
Development Plan 2007 -2012. Climate change adaptation is most advanced in the biodiversity andforestry sectors. In addition to the unique biodiversity, forest like peat provides flood protection, slope
stability and support fresh water supply. The country’s ground level is below sea level and the peat that
accumulates in forest floors raises the ground level
As a country endowed with a relatively small resource base, the government has to ensure that thecountry’s natural resources are utilised in the most efficient and sustainable manner to meet long term
development needs. In addition to promoting energy efficient behaviour and energy efficient measuresamong the public, private and government sectors, the government initiated the deployment of
renewable energy by commissioning the Tenaga Suria Brunei (TSB) solar photovoltaic (PV) power
plant in 2010 as an alternative source of energy.

Information

Brunei Darussalam’s Initial National Communications, August 201612

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Philippine Second National Communication (SNC) on Climate Change
Ms. Maria Delia Cristina M. Valdez
Environmental Management Bureau – Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Abstract
The Philippines is one of the countries in the world that are most vulnerable to climate change.
This means that the country is not only more exposed by virtue of its geographical setting and environmental situation. It is also less able to cope with the extreme events and natural calamities brought
about by climate change. The Second National Communication (SNC) to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) explored the conditions in the country that
may have been affected by climate change, and the factors that may have contributed to the country’s
high vulnerability. The report also looked into the mechanisms that have been employed to adapt toand mitigate the effects of climate change, as well as policies and actions that have been taken to
promote and improve the country’s ability to cope with climate change. It also identified the gaps andneeds that need to be addressed to enhance adaptation and reduce vulnerability, which is evident in thecurrent plans and programs in climate change from the submission of the SNC.

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13

3. Abstracts

Cambodia’s Second National Communication
Leang Sophal,
General Secretariat of National Council for Sustainable Development,
Department of Climate Change, Cambodia

Abstract
The Kingdom of Cambodia ratified, as a Non-Annex I Party, the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1995 and acceded to the Kyoto Protocol in 2002. The
Initial National Communication (INC) was officially submitted after the ratification in 2002. Preparing
a comprehensive Second National Communication (SNC) in Cambodia is still a challenging task.
Many functions and data are not available yet and had to be developed in the process.
For the second national communication, the greenhouse gas inventory (GHG inventory) has been
prepared using the IPCC guidelines, default emission factors and activity data from various sources.
UNFCCC software was used to harmonize data, calculate emissions and compile tabular information.
Many governmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as individual experts, took part in
the GHG inventory process. Exactly, Cambodia’s GHG emissions were estimated at 47,709 GgCO2eq in 2000 from Energy, agriculture, land use change and forestry and waste sector, and removal at
48,383 GgCO2-eq. The net removal was estimated at 674 GgCO2-eq. Hence, Cambodia remained a
net sink in the year 2000. In 1994, Cambodia was a net sink country able to offset approximately 5,142
GgCO2-eq.
Each sector and fuel type a list of mitigation options was formulated based on previously successfulprojects, pilot projects, feasibility studies, literature reviews and expert opinion. These mitigation
options were screened based on UNFCCC documentation (UNFCCC 2004) to determine the mostviable options for Cambodia. Related to strategies and policy, we used four short to long term
strategies, namely: short-term win-win strategy; extended short-term win-win finance strategy
includes carbon finance; medium-term green growth support strategy; and long-term green growthplanning strategy.
In the context of adaptation, in the short term it is the intention of the RGC to focus on increasing
its capacity to cope with current climate risks through improving climate risk management andcommunity livelihood. Using climate information, increasing water use efficiency and creating
additional sources of income for farmers are among the measures identified.
Long-term efforts will be directed at increasing the resilience of the agriculture system to futureclimate risks through the revitalization of long-term policies and planning that take into accountclimate change. Measures include information use, infrastructural interventions, expanding to otherareas with lower risks, insurance, better varieties of crops and long-term research.

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CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Introduction of 1st Biennial Update Report on Climate Change of China
Qingxian Gao
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, China

Abstract
In this presentation, the Chinese first Biennial Update Report on climate change (1st BUR) is
introduced briefly. The relevant decision of UNFCCC on BUR was recalled and the implementationfrom China was summarized. The main contents of the 1st BUR were outlined in this presentation.
Recalling Articles 4 and 12 of the UNFCCC, each Party shall submit its national communication.
As a non-Annex I party to the Convention, the People’s Republic of China has attached great
importance to its international obligations. China submitted its Initial and Second National
Communications on Climate Change in 2004 and 2012 respectively, in which policies and actions in
response to climate change were comprehensively elaborated, and the 1994 and 2005 National GHG
Inventories were reported.
Upon receiving the grants from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in 2015, the Chinese
government launched the preparation of its 1st BUR by organizing the departments and research
institutions concerned and by the guidelines for the preparation of biennial update reports from nonAnnex I Parties provided by the COP decisions. The 1st BUR, approved by the Chinese government,
is divided into eight Parts: National Circumstances and Institutional Arrangements for Addressing
Climate Change, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Mitigation Actions and Their Effects, Finance,
Technology and Capacity-Building Needs and Support Received, Information on Domestic
Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) and Other Information, Basic Information of theHong Kong and the Macao SAR on Climate Change were included in 1st BUR, presenting a full pictureof China’s national efforts on climate change. The National GHG Inventory as presented herein is of2012.
Addressing climate change is a shared mission of mankind. Considering its basic national
circumstances and the characteristics of its development stage, China is vigorously promoting ecocivilization, and green, circular and low-carbon development by integrating climate change into its
medium-and long-term national economic and social development planning and by attaching equal
importance to mitigation and adaption, and try to make progress on all fronts by resorting to legal andadministrative means, technologies and market forces. The Chinese government will continue to fulfill
its own obligations under UNFCCC and to implement its Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions(NAMAs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) for the enhancement sake etc.

1515

3. Abstracts

3.3 Session II
Indonesia Experience of the International Consultation and Analysis Process
Joko Prihatno
Director of GHG Inventory and MRV, Directorate General of Climate Change
Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia

Abstract
According to decision 2/CP.17, paragraph 41(a), Indonesia as Parties not included in Annex I to
the Convention (non-Annex I Parties), submitted its first biennial update report (BUR) on 18 March2016. Further, according to paragraph 58(a) of the same decision, the international consultation andanalysis (ICA) conducted for first Indonesia BUR. The process of ICA consists of two steps: (1) the
technical analysis of the submitted BUR, and (2) followed by a workshop for the facilitative sharingof views.
The technical analysis of the BUR took place from 13 to 17 June 2016 in Bonn, Germany, and wasundertaken by the following a team of technical experts (TTE). During the technical analysis, inaddition to the written exchange, through the secretariat, to provide technical clarifications. Following
the technical analysis of the BUR, the TTE prepared and shared a draft summary report with Indonesia
on 13 September 2016 for its review and comment. Indonesia, in turn, provided its feedback on thedraft summary report on 13 December 2016. The TTE responded to and incorporated the Party’scomments and finalized the summary report in consultation with Indonesia on 21 February 2017.
Finally, Indonesia was presented BURs at workshop for the facilitative sharing of views under theforty-sixth sessions of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI-46) on 15 May 2017.
The TTE concludes that most of the elements of information listed of the ICA guidelines have been
included in the first BUR of Indonesia, in particular on GHG inventories. Indonesia reported thesummary tables for the GHG estimates for the years 2000 and 2012 and, at the sectoral level, emission
estimates for the entire time series 2000–2012, using tier 1 and tier 2 methodologies of the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines. The TTE commends Indonesia for its efforts to report a high-quality inventory, and its useof the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
With regard to capacity-building needs, Indonesia reported information appropriate to national
circumstances. The TTE, in consultation with Indonesia, identified capacity-building needs to support
for preparing national GHG inventories, in particular in the area of uncertainties. ICA has identified
areas that need improvement and identified areas that need for capacity building.

Information

First biennial update report of Indonesia. Available at <http://unfccc.int/8722.php>.

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CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Preparing for ICA and FSV the Malaysia Way
Azimuddin Bahari1, E. Philip, 2 and Nur Zawani Ibrahim1
1
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia, Wisma Sumber Asli, 62574 Putrajaya,
2

Malaysia

Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract
Malaysia’s Biennial Updated Report (BUR) was produced by the national experts. Working groups(WGs) for greenhouse gas inventory, mitigation and Measuring, Reporting and Verification (MRV)
were established for the BUR and National Communication. Each WG was responsible for therespective report with supervision by the Project Management Committee and the National Steering
Committee for BUR/NC.
Preliminary questions were received three weeks prior to the centralised ICA session. These
questions were organised in the following manner: General, GHG Inventory, Agriculture, Forestry andOther Land Use (AFOLU) and non-AFOLU session; mitigation, needs and support. Malaysia had two
skype sessions with the Team of Technical Experts (TTE).
In preparing for the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA), Malaysia established a teamconsisting primarily the WGs Head and the sub WG heads. Upon receipt of questions, the core teamprepared the answers and the ICA team vetted the answers before they were submitted to UNFCCC.
The organisation of work helped Malaysia to reply to the TTE on timely manner. Malaysia completed
the FSV in the 46th SBI session on the 15th May 2017. Due to budget constraints, a smaller teamattended the FSV session in Bonn.
The ICA process helped enhance Malaysia’s understanding of reporting requirements to increasetransparency of reporting. In addition, sufficient funds, competent and dedicated team of experts would
be the key to a timely delivery of the BURs and NCs. Hence, areas of improvement identified by theTTE can only be addressed with continuous capacity building and awareness.

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3. Abstracts

Thailand’s experience of FSV in ICA process
Patthra Pengthamkeerati
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE), Thailand

Abstract
Thailand has submitted the First Biennial Update Report (BUR) since December 2015. Throughthe International Consultation and Analysis (ICA), this report was reviewed in two steps of (1)technical analysis by team of technical experts (TTE) and (2) facilitative sharing of views (FSV). All
Parties were allowed to submit the questions, and TTE prepared a draft summary report. Then, TTE
and Thailand reviewed and responded to the Party questions and comments, finalized summary report,
and presented to SBI. In the FSV, questions from all Parties were welcomed by submitting the written
questions in advance. In the third workshop of FSV under the Subsidiary Body for Implementation(SBI) in May 2017, Thailand gave a brief presentation on the First BUR with answering the submitted
written questions, and then question and answer session was opened among the Parties. After this step,
the FSV record will be publicly available on the UNFCCC website. Questions received during the firststep of ICA process on Thailand’s First BUR were mostly on (1) the descriptions on methodology,
activity data and emission factor, (2) institutional arrangement and capacity building needs, and (3)area of improvement. In the FSV, questions were in techniques on emission estimations, what are gaps
and needs, and how to improve accuracy for GHG inventory and mitigation (e.g., higher tiers and
IPCC methodologies). Due to the ICA process and the awareness on more routine submission of GHG
reports, the structure of reporting systems in Thailand has been established and the systems havestrengthened the engagement of all the related agencies. In addition, domestic MRV in Thailand has
been set up for both GHG inventory and mitigation actions to improve the transparency and accuracyof the report according to the TACCC principles.

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CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

UNFCCC Secretariat’s Support for Strengthening Transparency in Reportingfrom non-Annex I Parties, and Status of Negotiations on the Transparency
Framework under the Paris Agreement
Dominique Revet,
UNFCCC Secretariat

Abstract

At the forty-second session of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI)1, Parties gave the
UNFCCC Secretariat a mandate to make every effort to ensure that training is made available to all
non-Annex I Parties on the use of the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories, and building sustainable national GHG
inventory management systems.
In 2017, the UNFCCC conducted 2 Regional Workshops on the Building of Sustainable National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management Systems, and the Use of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The first was conducted in collaboration with the IPCC and theCGE, and the second with the UNDP, FAO and the CGE.
The workshops consist of five sessions. The first session is for sharing of country experiences. The
second session focuses on the key role of the national GHG inventory management system, including
presentations and hands on materials to support the development of a national GHG inventory
management system. For this, the Secretariat adapted training materials developed by the US EPA,
including the National GHG Inventory System Template Workbook2. Sessions three through fiveprovide training on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, including general guidance, reporting, and sectoral
guidance. Participants also learn how to utilize the IPCC inventory software for compiling various
components of a national GHG inventory.
The UNFCCC Secretariat has developed a multiyear project and is currently raising funds tosupport the implementation of these regional training workshops on an annual basis until 2021, as wellas the subsequent enrollment of country experts onto on-line training and certification on the use of
the 2006 IPCC guidelines.
On agenda item on transparency framework, the APA 1.3 invited Parties to make submissions,by 30 September 2017, requested the Secretariat to organize a pre-sessional roundtable focusing on
issues covered in Parties’ submissions, also including technical discussions on how cross-cutting issues
listed in Paris Agreement Article 13, including, inter alia, its paragraphs 2-4, were considered inParties’ submissions.

Information
FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1
FCCC/SBI/2015/10, paragraph 29.
UNFCCC/SBI/2017/INF.9

1
2

FCCC/SBI/2015/10, paragraph 29.
https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/EPAactivities/internationalpartnerships/capacity-building.html
1919

3. Abstracts

3.4 Session III
The Status of Reporting of Fluorinated Gases
Elsa Hatanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES), Japan

Abstract

Although the reporting of F-gases such as HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 are not mandatory for Non-Annex
I countries, some WGIA countries are reporting such gases. There is a wider attempt to do so for HFCs,
and to a lesser extent so for PFCs and SF6. Of those, some at least partially cover a time-series of data
- more so for PFCs, followed by HFCs and then SF6.
Regarding estimation methodology, where available, reports indicated HFC methodology to bemainly Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines/GPG Tier 1-based, with some exceptions. This was similar for
SF6, but PFC methodology split between the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines/GPG Tier 1 and the 2006
IPCC Guidelines Tier 1/2. However, we would need to be mindful that the sample size of WGIA
countries reporting F-gases is very small.
F-gases occur from various sources. For reference, on the last year when Japan was applying the
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines/GPG, the main source for HFCs were refrigeration and air conditioning.
The electronics industry was the main source for PFCs and electrical equipment was the main source
for SF6. HFC emissions were over and above the largest of the three F-gases, and PFC emissions andSF6 emissions followed behind.
Here, the emissions for HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 for WGIA countries were compiled, and several
observations were made. It was noted that there were obvious peaks in emissions for certain years
when reporting took place, following reporting requirements. It was also noted that the size ofemissions were quite different between the gases, with HFCs being over and above the largest, with
PFC emissions and SF6 emissions following behind. It was also noted that it was difficult to evaluateconsistency across years within one country’s reporting when there was no time-series data.
However, it was observed that comparison between HFC/PFC/SF6 emissions within one country,
during one reporting, and comparison across countries for the same inventory year might be useful.
In summary, it is difficult to grasp the general picture of F-gas emissions because it is often unclear:
1) whether it is a true zero-emission situation (NO) or whether it is just a lack of data (NE), 2) whether
it is a conscious choice not to report (intentional NE), or 3) whether the reported data are true (notunder-estimated or overestimated). However, with the HFC phase down planned under the Montreal
Protocol and other efforts under UNFCCC, it will surely be more important to further develop eachcountry's F-gas inventory.

20

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIESThe Kigali amendment and Policy for fluorocarbons in Japan
Masahiko Suzuki
Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract
Fluorocarbons are used in our life, such as Refrigerator, Air conditioning, Automobile air
conditioner, spray can. Typical gases are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs). These are known as Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS).
The ozone layer is a protective shield up in the air that absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays which cancause various negative impacts on human health and ecosystems. However, it has been destroyed byman-made chemicals (ODS). Therefore there is a “hole” in the ozone layer which is known as ozone
hole.
In order to protect the ozone layer, in 1985, the global community has agreed to phase out ozonedepleting substances under the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer. In 1987,
the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was adopted.
CFCs and HCFCs are also greenhouse gases. Therefore, the phase-out of ODS under theMontreal Protocol has contributed and will continue to contribute to the mitigation of climatechange. In addition, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that are ozone friendly and therefore used asalternatives to CFCs and HCFCs are also greenhouse gases.
In Oct. 2016, at the 28th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 28) to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties
adopted the amendment (called the Kigali Amendment) to phase down HFCs in order to reduce theuse of HFCs, high global warming potential gases.
Taking into account the current situation, Japan established the “Act on Rational Use and Proper
Management of Fluorocarbons” to carry out comprehensive measures throughout the life cycle offluorocarbons. Japan will enhance the policies and measures through the act while continuously
reviewing the prospect of fluorocarbons use.

Information“Let’s protect the ozone layer 2016 edition”<http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/ozone/leaf2016/Full.pdf>“Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons”<http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/ozone/laws/ozone4.pdf>
METI, WG on measures to deal with Fluorocarbons (2017.3.1)<http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/sankoushin/seizou/kagaku/freon_wg2/010_haifu.htmlt>(*Japanes
only)
MOE and METI, WG on measures to deal with Fluorocarbons (2017.4.11)<http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/sankoushin/seizou/kagaku/freon_wg/005_haifu.html>(*Japanese
only)

AccessOzone Depletion: Introduction (leaflet) <http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/ozone/intro.html>
Ozone Depletion: Laws (*in Japan) <http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/ozone/laws.html>
Ministry of the Environment, Japan <http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/index.html>

21
21

3. Abstracts

Estimation Methodology for Fluorinated Gases
Kiyoto Tanabe
Co-Chair, IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Abstract
Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Annex I Partiesare required, as a minimum requirement, to contain in their national GHG inventories the information
on CO2, CH4, N2O PFCs, HFCs, SF6 and NF3 (Decision 24/CP.19). On the other hand, non-Annex I
Parties are not obliged to report their emissions of fluorinated gases, although they are encouraged toreport HFCs, PFCs and SF6 (Decision 17/CP.8).
Nevertheless, inclusion of fluorinated gases in the national GHG inventories is recommendable tonon-Annex I Parties because it is important in the light of: their high global warming potential (GWP);
 substantial use in industrial processes and in households; and significant opportunities for GHG abatement.
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories provide methodologicalguidance to estimate emissions of fluorinated gases from the following sources in the Industrial
Processes and Product Use Sector (Volume 3).
 Fluorochemical Production (Category 2B9, Chapter 3.10 in Vol.3)
 Aluminium Production (Category 2C3, Chapter 4.4 in Vol.3)
 Magnesium Production (Category 2C4, Chapter 4.5 in Vol.3)
 Electronics Industry (Category 2E, Chapter 6 in Vol.3)
 Emissions of Fluorinated Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) (Category 2F,
Chapter 7 in Vol.3)
 Other Product Manufacture and Use (Category 2G, Chapter 8 in Vol.3)
For most of these source categories, simple Tier 1 methods with default emission factors areavailable. For the category 2F (Emissions of Fluorinated Substitutes for ODS), estimation of actual
emissions may be a challenge for non-Annex I Parties because it requires complex calculation as well
as data for many years in the past on production, exports, imports, etc of chemicals. The IPCC
Inventory Software may help non-Annex I Parties overcome such difficulties.

Information
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe
K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.

Accesshttp://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol3.html
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/index.html

22

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Assessing F Gases- India Context
Sumana Bhattacharya
IORA Ecological Solutions, New Delhi, India

Abstract
As a party operating under Article-5 of the Montreal Protocol, India is committed to phase-out
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs) including Hydro-chloro-fluoro-carbons (HCFCs) in 2030 inaccordance with the accelerated phase out schedule of the Montreal Protocol.
While phasing out the ODSs, there has been an increase in use of HFCs. Along with HFCs,
consumption of other gases such as CFCs and SF6 is also taking place in various manufacturingindustries such as the air conditioning, refrigeration, fires extinguishers, Heat pumps, Circuit breakers,
Foams, Aluminium, semiconductors, glass etc. The Table below indicates the estimates produced inIndia’s National Communications and BUR1.
Base
Year

HFC-134a HFC-23
(Gg)
(Gg)

CF4
(Gg)

C2 F6
(Gg)

SF6
(Gg)

CO2 eq(Gg)% of Total
Country Emissions

NATCOM 1

1994

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

-

NATCOM 2

2000

0.220

0.420

0.870

0.087

0.013

11966.1

0.92

BUR 1

2010

-

1.43

2.13

0.58

0.004236012.4

1.19

While the emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 are increasing, but awareness within the industry is
being generated for replacing these with natural substitutes. It is envisaged that while acceding to theKigali amendment, India will be able to reduce its HFC consumption in 2047 by 15% of the average
consumption between 2024-26. There lies a potential of replacing
HFCs used in the non-mobile
cooling devices for domestic and commercial refrigeration and commercial and domestic air
conditioners by iso-butane, propane, ammonia, and CO2 amongst others that have lower GWP.
It isestimated that about 77 percent of HFC needs in India’s Refrigeration and Air conditioning sector canbe replaced by naturals using currently available technologies. Prioritizing naturals is likely to resultin direct emissions saving of 50 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030 wrt to 2015.
It is proposed that a proper stock taking of the production, export and import is required fromindividual industrial units to reduce gaps associated with the present estimations. Further, to reduce
the HFCs with high global warming potential, the way ahead includes steps for revising the standards
for use of natural substitutes of HFCs in non-mobile refrigeration and air-conditioning sector, use ofnatural substitutes along with R&D to replace PFCs and SF6.

Information
NATCOM1, 2004. India’s 1st National Communication to UNFCCC. Published by Ministry ofEnvironment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India
NATCOM2, 2012. India’s 2nd National Communication to UNFCCC. Published by MoEFCC,
Government of India
BUR1, 2015. India’s 1st Biennial Report to UNFCCC. Published by MoEFCC, Government of India
HCFC-Phase II, 2017. India’s HCFC Phase out management Plan, Phase-II. Published by the Ozone
Cell, Government of India.
23
23

3. Abstracts
Bhushan C., 2016, Prioritizing Natural Refrigerants in India, Centre for Science and Environment,
New Delhi
Purohit P., and Hoglund-Isaakson L., 2017.Global emissions for fluorinated gases 2005-2050 withabatement potentials and costs. Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 2795-2816.
Aggarwal S, Mahadevan and Mangotra, 2017. Policy Brief- Significance of decisions At KigaliImplications for India. Published by Shakti Foundation, India.

24

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emissions in China: an inventory for 2005–2013 andprojections to 2050
Xuekun Fang1,2, Guus J. M. Velders3*, A. R. Ravishankara|4, Mario J. Molina5, Jianxin Hu2*, Ronald
G. Prinn2
1

State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College ofEnvironmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave.,
Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
3
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, theNetherlands|4
Department of Chemistry and Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
5
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093,
United States

Abstract
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are widely used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances are very
potent greenhouse gases (GHGs). China’s past and future HFC emissions are of great interest since
China has emerged as a major producer and consumer of HFCs. Here, we present for the first time, acomprehensive inventory estimate of China’s HFC emissions during 2005−2013. Results show a rapid
increase in HFC consumption, and emissions in China during the period, and that the emissions of
HFC with a relatively high global warming potential (GWP) grew faster than those with a relatively
low GWP. The proportions of China’s historical HFC CO2-equivalent emissions to China’s CO2
emissions or global HFC CO2-equivalent emissions increased rapidly during 2005−2013. Under theBusiness-as-usual Scenario that HFCs are used to replace a significant fraction ofhydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in China (to date, there are no regulations on HFC uses in China),
emissions of HFCs are projected to be significant components of China’s and global future GHG
emissions. However, potentials do exist for minimizing China’s HFC emissions, for example, if
regulations on HFC uses are established in China. Our findings on China’s historical and projected
HFC emission trajectories could also apply to other developing countries, with important implications
for mitigating global GHG emissions.

25
25

3. Abstracts

Fluorinated Gas Emission Trends in the Republic of Korea
Min-Sun Kim
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center (GIR), Republic of Korea

Abstract
The Republic of Korea estimated the fluorinated greenhouse gases (F gases) such ashydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) for thenational greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory according to UNFCCC reporting guidelines(FCCC/SBSTA/2006/9).
Compared by gas, the share of the F gas emissions in the total GHG emissions have increased
from 0.4% in 1990 to 2.9% in 2014. Although the F gases remains small amount compared to theother gases (CO2 91.1%; CH4 3.9%; N2O 2.2% in 2014), the F gas emissions have extremely
increased follow as growth of the electronics industry. In 2014, the F gas emissions reached 20.3
million tons of CO2eq., and it has increased approximately 18 times when compare to the 1.2 million
tons of CO2eq. in 1990, and about 7.5%, 18.9 million tons of CO2eq., compared to 2013.
In 2014, the large share of the F gas emissions were SF6 and HFCs emissions as 46% and 42%
respectively. HFC emissions were 8.5 million tons of CO2eq. in 2014 representing 1.2% of the total
GHG emissions. This increased by 768.7% since 1990 level and by 5.5% since 2013 level as a resultof increased in high HFCs consumption for refrigerants.
PFC emissions in 2014 were 2.4 million tons of CO2eq., accounting for 12% of the total F gas
emissions and 0.4% of the total GHG emissions. This represented 8,793 times increase from the
1992 (when data were first collected) level and 4.6% increase from the previous year. The main
sources of the PFC emissions are semiconductor and display manufacture processes.
SF6 emissions in 2014 were 9.4 million tons of CO2eq. representing 1.4% of the total GHG
emissions. The SF6 emissions increased by 54 times more than the 1990 level and by 10.3%
compared to the previous year, due to increasing use of SF6 in semiconductor, display manufactures,and electricity transmission facilities.
Comparing to the UNFCCC Annex I Parties’ F gas emissions in 2012, The Republic of Korea
has ranked the fourth place after the United States, Japan and Russian Federation, and also ranked
the same with PFC emissions. The Republic of Korea has placed in the second only after the UnitedStates for SF6, and in the eighth for HFC emissions.

Information
2016 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Korea
UNFCCC Old GHG Data (1990~2012)

Accesshttp://www.gir.go.kr/eng

26

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

3.5 Session IV
Importance of Developing Fluorocarbon Emissions Inventory
and Emissions Mitigation Analysis
Tatsuya Hanaoka
Integrated Environment and Economy Section, Center for Social and Environmental Systems
Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Abstract
Climate change and its impacts have been the focus of international attention for decades, andmitigation and adaptation policies have been discussed among international negotiators and scientists.
After the publication of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) in 20141), the international negotiation process under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) focused on and evaluated mid-term targets for reducing
greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, so called “Intended Nationally Determined Contributions(INDCs)”2), and all UNFCCC parties agreed “to keep a global temperature rise this century well below
2℃
� and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 ℃
� above pre-industrial
stlevels” at the 21 Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the UNFCCC in 2015, so called the “2�℃ target”.
In order to achieve the 2�
℃ target, it is required to mitigate GHGs largely at the global scale, notonly energy-related CO2 both in the demand side and the supply side but also non-energy related GHGs.
The ratio of emissions of fluorinated gases such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons(PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) regulated under the Kyoto Protocol was not high historically, but
it was estimated that HFC emissions especially would increase largely in the future as alternative gasesof chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). In addition, fluorinated gases
are considered as GHGs with high global warming potentials (GWPs), so that an impact of a mitigation
action is also large and effective. However, due to lack of mitigation institutions and incentives for
reducing fluorinated gases emissions, most of fluorinated gases have been released to atmospherewithout any measures, especially in developing countries. Thus, it is important to develop fluorocarbon
emissions inventory in Asian developing countries and utilize its inventory for future emissions
mitigation analysis.
This presentation will introduce the following topics; 1) how important to reduce fluorocarbons
emissions to achieve the 2�
℃ target, 2) impacts of offsetting CO2 reduction efforts due to fluorocarbons
emissions without any measures, 3) methodologies how to develop emissions inventory and emissions
scenarios in the future, 4) cost competitiveness of fluorocarbon mitigation costs compared to CO2
mitigation costs for achieving the 2�
℃ target3).

Information
1) IPCC AR5 WG3 (2014) Figure SPM4
2) UNEP (2015) The Emission Gap Report, Figure ES1, Figure ES2.
3) Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition (2017) Report of the High-Level Commissions on Carbon
Pricing.

27
27

3. Abstracts

Australia's National Inventory System for GHG inventory reporting
Haakon Marold
National Inventory Systems and International Reporting Branch, Department of the Environment
and Energy, Australia

Abstract
The Australian Government has invested for nearly 30 years been in institutional arrangements tothat support the development of a comprehensive and efficient inventory system that effectively
supports evolving Government climate policy and our international reporting obligations. By
understanding that effective domestic emissions policies rely on emissions estimates clearly linked toan efficient inventory system (aligned with IPCC and UNFCCC reporting rules and emission
estimation guidance), Australia has shown that centralising institutional arrangements as much as
possible will help ensure estimates are robust and transparent. Australia’s National Inventory System(NIS) is at the heart of the Australian Government’s response to climate change. It allows us to;fulfil our international reporting obligations under the Paris Agreement, the UNFCCC and Kyoto
Protocol,

support the design and implementation and independent monitoring of domestic emission reduction
policies,track Australia’s progress towards its international emission reduction commitments; andprovide a key input into emissions projections that inform decisions on future emission reduction
commitments.

The NIS’s success is in large part due to key investments in data collection and centralised data
management systems. Australia centralises its inventory preparation in the Department of theEnvironment and Energy. Data collection is underpinned by legislation. The key legislative tool isAustralia’s mandatory National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme – NGERS. All major
companies that emit emissions or produce or consume energy over a certain threshold must reportannually - in accordance with methods based in national inventory methods. This underlying principleof NGERS has been crucial to ensuring data collected supports complete and accurate national
inventory reporting. Prior to NGERs, the Department relied on voluntary collections utilizing existingdatasets such as taxation and commercial systems. Investment in data management is ongoing. In
particular the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) which supports a highquality and transparent inventory consistent with requirements of the IPCC inventory guidelines.
Design of the NIS provides for independent monitoring of government emission reduction measures.
These measures include the Emissions Reduction Fund and its safeguard mechanism, the Renewable
Energy Target and the Carbon Neutral Program. Inclusion of the effects of these measures in thenational inventory is crucial for the Government’s mitigation strategy. Building on inventory estimates,
the Australian Government produces robust emissions projections to inform domestic policy debate
and national emission targets. The Department of the Environment and Energy has also sought to shareits experience in the development of inventory systems in the region. For example, in partnership withThailand’s Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), theDepartment of the Environment and Energy is supporting the design and development of the Thailand
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Information System (TGEIS). Australia’s NIS and its supporting
institutional arrangements will always be a work in progress. With the resources available, theDepartment strives over time to improve the inventory system’s efficiency, and its ability to delivertransparent, accurate, time series consistent and international comparable emission data, capable ofsupporting effective domestic abatement measures to achieve Australia’s international emission
reduction commitments.
28

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

AccessAustralia’s National Greenhouse Accounts track national emissions from 1990 onwards as a nation,by state and by industry. This data is used to: meet Australia's reporting commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
 track progress against Australia's emission reduction commitments; andinform policy makers and the public.
http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-measurement/tracking-emissions
The AGEIS is an online database that provides detailed greenhouse gas emissions data from the
National Greenhouse Accounts. Data is available at the national and state level and can be queriedthrough a dynamic interface and search function – See
http://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/
The National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (NGER Act) introduced a single nationalframework for reporting and disseminating company information about greenhouse gas emissions,energy production and energy consumption - See
http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/NGER

29
29

3. Abstracts

IPCC TFI: Recent Activities
Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Senior Programme Officer, Technical Support Unit, IPCC TFI

Abstract
Following the decision (IPCC/XLIV-5) taken at 44th Session of the IPCC (held in October 2016,
Bangkok, Thailand), the IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) has started
its work on production of the Methodology Report titled the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019 Refinement) to be completed in May 2019.
The overall aim of the 2019 Refinement is to provide an updated and sound scientific basis forsupporting the preparation and continuous improvement of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories.
It will have the same structure as the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and will be used in conjunction with the2006 IPCC Guidelines. The refinement work will not revise the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, but will update,
supplement and/or elaborate the 2006 IPCC Guidelines where gaps or out-of-date science have been
identified. The 2019 Refinement will not replace the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, but will be used inconjunction with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The activities to maintain and improve the IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) and IPCC
Inventory Software have been progressing. More than 300 data were accepted by the EFDB Editorial
Board in 2016 for inclusion into the database. The work to incorporate Tier 2 methods in the software
is completed for Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use, and Waste sectors.
The IPCC TFI continues its other activities supporting users of the IPCC Guidelines (e.g.
organizing expert meetings, producing supporting materials) and collaboration with otherorganizations contributing to inventory-related capacity building programmes/activities (e.g. regional
workshops organized by UNFCCC).

Accesshttp://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/30

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

National GHG Inventories for Development of Mitigation or NDC Actions
Stanford Mwakasonda
United Nations Environment
UNEP/UNDP Global Support Programme (GSP)

Abstract
It is a common assumption that the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory and associateemission projections are the prerequisites to developing mitigation actions and Nationally Determined
Contributions (NDCs). This presentation intends to contextualize the national GHG inventories ofdeveloping countries (Non-Annex 1 countries) with mitigation or NDC actions. It begins by providing
the link between GHG inventories and mitigation/NDC actions, and goes on to bring out keys issues
for Non-Annex I countries to consider in developing appropriate mitigation/NDC actions. Toward theconclusion, the presentation highlights typical technical mistakes most inventory teams make,including mistakes relating to preparation of mitigation/NDC actions. As a way forward, practical
recommendations on national inventories/NC/BUR management have been suggested by the author.

31
31

3. Abstracts

3.6 Poster Session
Research on the Methane Estimation and Its Emission Factor from Landfill in
China
Zhanyun Ma, Qingxian Gao*, Wei Huang, Sijia Qu
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, China

Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills have been identified as one of the major anthropogenic
sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In order to better understand the uncontrolled GHG
emissions, a quantitative in-situ measurement and evaluation of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions were conducted at experimental landfill site in Beijing, China.
The landfill is currently the largest sanitary landfill for non-hazardous waste in Beijing and covers
an area of about 684,000 m2. It is divided into 2 main layers. The top layer is divided into six cells andtemporarily covered with the geomembrane (HDPE) over worked-out landfill cells before the final
capping. A landfill gas (LFG) recovery system for electricity generation had been equipped in 2007.
CH4 oxidation Factor was analyzed based on in-situ measurement and method of IPCC. CH4 fluxes
were measured by Light Shield Static Chambers; CH4 concentration was measured by Agilent 7890A
gas chromatography with FID detector.
CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes from soil covers surface have a large variation range, but the fluxes
follow a seasonal variance obviously. Based on the results of strengthening monitoring by IDW
analysis，The hot spot area of CH4 emission on November is the same as that on June, but the methane
emission flux value was significantly higher than that in June. CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes maintaina high degree of synchrony. The correlation analysis showed that CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes had
significant positive correlation（r=0.861，P<0.01）. The annual CH4 oxidation factor is in the rangeof 0.01 to 0.82 and the average is 0.42, which is higher than the default value of IPCC (0.1).

32

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Building Up a Low-Carbon Society: -Low-Carbon Community Development in
China
Siyang Yu, Chunyan Dai, Guoqiang Qian
SinoCarbon Innovation & Investment Co., Ltd,China

Abstract
Since announced carbon reduction target in 2009, China has promptly formed a three-pillar policy
framework for responding to climate change. Among the framework lies one of the most dynamic
climate policy “Low carbon Pilots”. The pilots are designed to incorporate any form and any level ofpolicy instruments so that great ideas could arise from the bottom. Low-Carbon Community is one ofthem.
In order to promote low carbon community, the NDRC has issued guidelines to standardized low
carbon community and promote low carbon behavior thereof. Dozens of communities have been
approved as National Low-carbon Communities. They have also demonstrated various low carbon
technology and fostered low carbon behaviors.
Two important elements underlying the low carbon community establishment are the low carbon
standards/guidelines and the low carbon technologies/products. Together they eliminate barriers thathave been preventing application of low carbon technologies and products.
Furthermore, the New-Type Urbanization and Smart City initiatives are bring synergies into thedevelopment of Low-Carbon Community by setting requirements and providing essential technology
and resources support.

33
33

3. Abstracts

Efficiency of Nitrification Inhibitors from Plants on Reducing Nitrous Oxide
Emissions under Soil Incubation and Enhancing Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth,
Yield and N Uptake in Pot Experiment
Phatchariya Welutung and Patthra Pengthamkeerati
Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart
University, Thailand

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) from plants for retarding soil
nitrogen (N) transformation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, subsequently, promote N
fertilizer use by plant. Selected plants for this study included commercial neem [Azadirachta indica]oil, peppermint [Mentha cordifolia], sweet basil [Ocimum basilicum] and hoary basil [Ocimum
africanum]. NIs from these plants were applied at a rate of 10% of fertilizer. Result from the incubation
showed that application of N fertilizer with hoary basil tended to have the best efficiency in retarding
nitrification process, compared with the application of N fertilizer only (p<0.05). This was due toretarding soil N2O emission up to 21 days, and significantly reducing cumulative soil N2O emission(P = 0.0084) by 29.33% when compared to the treatment with only N fertilizer. Pot experiment wasalso conducted to study the NI efficiency on maize (Suwan 4452) growth and N use efficiency. The
result showed that NIs tended to enhance maize growth, and seemed to increase maize yields (biomass
and grain). N content and N uptake by maize in the treatment of urea fertilizer and hoary basil weresignificantly higher when compared to the urea treatment (P<0.0001), but no NI effect was found inmaize yield. These findings support that NIs from plants can retard N transformation of fertilizer,
which subsequently may reduce fertilizer losses and greenhouse gas emission, and increase plant N
use efficiency and crop productivity.

34

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Estimating forest carbon stock at project-level REDD activity: a case study in the
Paung Laung Reserve Forest, Myanmar
Tamotsu Sato1, Billy Ne Win2, Fumiaki Kitahara3, Myat Su Mon4, Tetsuya Michinaka1, Takuya
Furukawa1, Ei Ei Swe Hlaing2, Thaung Naing Oo2
1
Forestry and Forest Products Research institute (FFPRI), Japan
2
Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources and Conservation, Myanmar
3
Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research institute (FFPRI), Japan
4
Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Conservation, Myanmar
Abstract
REDD+ (“Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and the Role ofConservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in
Developing Countries”) is of central importance in mitigating climate change. Since 2015, FD/FRI(Myanmar) and FFPRI (Japan) have conducted a collaborative research project in Myanmar entitled“Nesting a REDD+ project carbon accounting and monitoring system under the (sub-) national system”.
Carbon accounting of a REDD+ project should be properly nested under the (sub-) national carbon
accounting system so that the project activities are consistent with the national policy and the project
performance is legally registered in the national account. This study aims the following outputs;i.

Developing potential methods of refining activity data, emission factors and/or reference
levels of the (sub-) national level for a REDD+ project in the study site
ii. Proposing a set of the project-level carbon accounting and monitoring systems composed by
the developed methods
We selected Paung Laung Reserved Forest (ca. 160,500 ha) in Shan State as the project area. We
have conducted ground-based inventory of emission factors in the project area, and been conducting
an econometrics analysis in order to identify major causes and processes of deforestation in Myanmar.
Our results imply that carbon stock estimation of bamboo would be important to evaluate emission
factors in semi-evergreen forest type. We are developing an efficient method to measure forest biomass
including bamboo to reduce the effort and labor in the field. We also plan to examine species
composition changes relating to disturbance intensities. Data of species composition changes will be
useful information on assessment for biodiversity and forest degradation.
To demonstrate development of FREL in the project area, we will estimate historical carbon stocks
by our developing method. Our socio-economic studies (e.g. the approach of panel data analysis
adopted by using statistical data such as population, GDP, etc.) will contribute to the adjustment for
FREL levels under national circumstances.

3535

3. Abstracts

Data Collecting Activity and Verification for Generating Credible GHG
Inventory
E. Philip1, K.S. Yap, I2. Nur Zawani2 and Azimuddin Bahari2
1
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia, Wisma Sumber Asli, 62574 Putrajaya,
Malaysia

Abstract
Malaysia has been building a sustainable greenhouse gas inventory system since 2008. Continuous
capacity building includes improving the activity data and emission factors data. Understanding thenational data and then translating into an activity data was a challenge during the Second National
Communication period. However, this has improved over the years.
Activity data is obtained from national statistic, national reports National Energy Balance, directlyfrom private sectors and international databases. The collection, verification and quality control (QC)
check of activity data was done through series of workshops with relevant data providers. In addition,
focus discussion was also organized to obtain better activity data and in some cases emission factors.
Activity data for LULUCF sector is generated from a combination of data from national registry
and verified through the geospatial images, levy or licenses issued. Additionally, these activity data
are compared against international databases.
Two -track approach for quality assurance (QA) process is undertaken where the Project manager
would verify the activity data against national data. Secondly, international experts are also appointed
to verify the sectoral reports.

36

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Activity Data Flows of Viet Nam during Estimation of the BUR1 andRecommendations After Having National GHG Inventory System
Nguyen Phuong Nam
Center for Technology Responding to Climate Change, Department of Climate Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam

Abstract
The first Biennial Updated Report (BUR1) of Viet Nam was submitted timely to UNFCCC in the
December 9th, 2014. That submission has been reviewed by international consultation and analysis(ICA) process in the 4th November 2015 with many positively feedbacks from Team of Experts(TTE) during Technical Analysis. Even though, some challenges were found by working groupduring the estimating which mainly came from the collecting of activity data (AD). As the nature of adeveloping country, Vietnam has a limit of statistical data in the National Statistic Book. With thereason, may AD was collected by local experts and/or by expert adjustments with the best
understanding of the domestic context.
The Primer Minister (PM) of Vietnam has been approved the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
System (NIS) by a PM Decision on 22nd December 2015. With the updating institutionalarrangement of the NIS of Vietnam, the AD seems to be collected officially by General Statistics
Office (GSO) from line Ministries. Some recommendations for the AD flows has been suggested for
the AD collection. Consequently, Vietnam expects to provide the BUR2 in the end of 2017 withsome improvements following recommendations of TTE and a facilitative sharing of views (FSV)
for BUR1.

Information
http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_parties/ica/items/8621.php
First biennial update report of Viet Nam. Available at http://unfccc.int/8722.php
Second national communication of Viet Nam. Available at http://unfccc.int/national_reports/nonannex_i_natcom/items/2979.php
Summary report on the technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Viet Nam submitted
on 8 December 2014 Viet Nam. Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/tasr/vnm.pdf

AccessFacilitative sharing of views. Available at http://unfccc6.meta-fusion.com/bonn_may_2016/events/2016-0521-09-05/viet-nam

37
37

3. Abstracts

Effect of Rice Cultivation Practices on N2O Emission Factor of managed
agricultural soil
Sirintornthep Towprayoon1*, Nittaya Cha-un1, Amnat Chidthaisong1, Patikorn Sriphirom1
The joint graduate school of energy and environment (JGSEE), Centre of Excellence on Energy
Technology and Environment (CEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT),
126 Prachauthit Rd, Bangmod, Tungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand* Corresponding author: Sirin@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th
1

Abstract
Rice cultivation is an important anthropogenic source of not only atmospheric methane (CH4) but
also nitrous oxide (N2O). N2O is one of the most important greenhouse gases, representing global
warming potential 298 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2). Rice cultivation practices are relatedwith application of N-fertilizer, animal manure, compost, crop residues and other organic N additions
to the soil, and intermittent flooding have effects on N2O emission. In this study, our measurement
results of direct N2O emission and amount of N applied to the soil from Thai rice fields published inpeer-reviewed journals were compiled. The initial data set included five field measurements of N2O
collected during the rice-growing season from three sites. Amounts of total N applied to rice soil varied
by order of magnitude from 18 to 261 kg N ha-1 season-1. The emission factor from N input to flooded
rice (EF1FR) were also varied according to cultivation practice particular with water management
scheme. In continuous flood field during wet season, estimation of EF1FR from field measurement was
0.004±0.002 kg N2O-N (kg N input)-1 which is close to IPCC default value of EF1FR 0.003 kg N2O-N(kg N input)-1 (range 0.00-0.006 kg N2O-N (kg N input)-1). However, during dry season where lesswater was introduced to rice field, estimation of EF1FR was higher to 0.013± 0.010 kg N2O-N (kg N
input)-1. Where as water management scheme of single and multiple drainage induced higher EF1FR to
0.028±0.020 kg N2O-N (kg N input)-1. We also observed N2O measurement from Alternative Wet andDry (AWD) system where several shifts of aerobic and anaerobic condition were conducted, highemission factor was found to be 0.111±0.065 kg N2O-N (kg N input)-1.
It is noted that water management in rice cultivation is the important factor influent to direct N2Oemission from rice field which can be varied by order of magnitude. Therefore high uncertainty ofN2O emission from managed rice soil need to be concerned.

Information
Cha-un N., Chidthaisong A., Yagi K., Sudo S. and Towprayoon S. (2017). Greenhouse gas emissions,soil carbon sequestration and crop yields in a rain-fed rice eld with crop rotation management.
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 237, 109-120.
Jiaphasuanan T. and Towprayoon S. (2014). Effects of burnt and un-burnt rice straw on methane andnitrous oxide emissions in water drainage rice fields. Research Journal of Chemistry andEnvironment, 18(3), 75-81.
Sriphirom, P., Chidthaisong, A., Tripetchkul, S. and Towprayoon, S. (2017). Effects of a co-applicationof biochar and compost on GWP, crop yield and water consumption in the rice cultivation underalternate wetting and drying (AWD) system. Accepted in JSEE.
Sampanpanish P. (2013). The effects of the rice variety and type of fertilizer on the emission ofgreenhouse gases from rice paddy fields. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment.
17(4). 42-48.
Towprayoon S., Smakgahn K., and Poonkaew S. (2005). Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide
emissions from drained irrigated rice fields. Chemosphere, 59(11), 1547-1556.
38

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Capacity Building on Greenhouse Gas Inventory andTraining Needs for ASEAN Countries
Nareerat Thanakasem, Chanyaphak Wathanachinda
Climate Change International Technical and Training Center, Thailand Greenhouse Gas
Management Organization (Public Organization), Thailand

Abstract
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) or TGO, which is the
responsible agency in Thailand for GHG mitigation activities, recognized the crucial issue on climatechange and initiated the establishment of Climate Change International Technical and Training Centeror CITC which is aimed to be a “one-stop technical training center” and networking platform on
mitigation and adaptation for ASEAN countries and other developing countries.
In 2016, CITC together with Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat
University developed curriculum and manual on “Greenhouse Gas Inventory for ASEAN countries”
This inventory manual is developed in regard to the preliminary analysis of “Need Assessment” resultsof all ASEAN countries; Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, from the previous study, which was presented by the Thailand
Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) in 2014, along with the feedback of a questionnairefrom ASEAN members, collected by SIIT.
Regarding the results of the survey, more than 85 percent of ASEAN members know andunderstand the circumstances of their own national GHG inventory. In addition, more than 75 percentof them comprehend the concept of GHG inventory development in relation to the Revised 1996 IPCC
GL as well as the 2006 IPCC GL; however, they are still unclear about understand the differences
between the two guidelines.
Additionally, this questionnaire assesses knowledge and comprehension about the basic concept
to develop a national GHG inventory as well as methodology to estimate the quantity of GHG
emissions from the experts in individual sector. This result includes 64 percent from the waste sector,
57 percent from the energy sector and 29 percent from IPPU and AFOLU sectors.
The results indicate that ASEAN members understand the basic concept of GHG inventory
development as well as the methodology to estimate GHG emission, resulting in a high fraction ofunderstanding about the meaning of activity data and emission factors as well as processes of
uncertainty and Quality assurance/ Quality control, Parenthetically, explanation of the verification
process is an important issue for improvement of the GHG inventory.
In 2017, CITC together with Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment co-organized the“Training on Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management and Application of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for ASEAN Countries” during 21-23 June 2017 at Thailand. There were 40 representatives from 8
ASEAN countries include Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand
and Vietnam joined the training.

Information
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization), Executive summary,
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Curriculum Development Project, 2006.
39
39

ASEAN countries include Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand
and Vietnam joined the training.
3. Abstracts
Information
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization), Executive summary,
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Curriculum Development Project, 2006.
39

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CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Low carbon society and mitigation measures in Myanmar
Myint Soe, Hnin Hnin Aye
Myanmar

Abstract
National electrification is a top priority of Myanmar for sustainable economic development, andfor poverty reduction. The Myanmar National Electrification Plan (NEP) aims to achieve 100 percent
electrification by 2030.
1) Combined Cycle Power Plant ProjectThis is a well-known electricity generation option where much higher efficiencies than the usual
simple cycle electricity generation are obtained. Developing country will not opt for this mitigation
option because of its high initial cost and its technical complexity, compared to the trouble-free simple
cycle. However, power system improvements in the energy efficiency and conservation programs in
the existing facility (Thaton Gas Turbine Old Power Plant) considered promising solutions foralleviating some of the power shortages in the country and also in reducing GHG emissions.
2)

Grit Extension ProjectPower generation based on renewable energy sources (RES) will also reduce greenhouse gas
emissions that would otherwise be produced from diesel-based generator use. The burning of fossil
fuels emits greenhouse gases (GHG) that cause climate change and impose substantial environmental
and economic costs. The increased use of renewable-resources-based electric power will produce
local environmental and health benefits. Grit extension project is therefore considered for rural
electrification to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, ease growth in fossil fuel energy demand, curb
the upward pressure on energy prices.

Information
Myanmar National Electrification Plan (NEP)
New Thaton Combined Cycle Power Plant Project

Access
MOEE, NCDDP Myanmar
http://cdd.drdmyanmar.org/en

41
41

3. Abstracts

Preparation of Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Trends in GHG Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES), Japan

Abstract
Under Article 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter, Convention) and relevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties, the Annex
I parties including Japan (i.e. developed countries) are required to prepare national greenhouse gas(GHG) inventories and submit them to the Secretariat of the Convention. Moreover, Article 7 of the
Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures, which provides for domestic measures under
the Convention, requires the Government of Japan to annually estimate and make public Japan’s GHG
emissions and removals.
In accordance with these Articles, the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) develops
GHG inventories in cooperation with private consultant companies on request by the Ministry of theEnvironment. Before preparing GHG inventories, GIO collects data from relevant ministries, agencies
and organizations to estimate emissions and removals. Based on these data together with other datafrom different publications, GIO then compiles a GHG inventory.
Japan’s total GHG emissions in FY2015 were 1,325 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2)equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.; the same shall apply hereafter).
This is a decrease of 2.9% (39 Mt CO2 eq.) and 6.0% (84 Mt CO2 eq.) when compared to the
FY2014 and FY2013 emissions (1,364 Mt CO2 eq. and 1,409 Mt CO2 eq.), respectively, mainly
because of the decreased energy-related CO2 emissions owing to lowered CO2 emissions from power
generation, as a result of decreased electricity consumption (due to energy conservation, cool summer
and mild winter, etc.) and the improvement of carbon intensity in power generation (due to greater
adoption of renewable energy, resuming nuclear power operation, etc.).
This is also a decrease of 5.3% (74 Mt CO2 eq.) when compared to the FY2005 emissions (1,399
Mt CO2 eq.), mainly due to the decreased energy-related CO2 emissions in the industrial and transport
sectors, despite the increase in hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions from refrigerants following theirsubstitution in place of ozone-depleting substances.

Accesshttp://www-gio.nies.go.jp/index-j.html

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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

4

Report on Mutual Learning Session
4.1 Overview of the Mutual Learning

Mutual Learning (ML) is an activity to improve the individual countries’ inventories through thefollowing series of processes: 1) exchanging inventories between two countries; 2) learning from apartner’s inventory; and 3) exchanging comments on each other’s inventories. The primary purpose of
the ML is to improve GHG inventories by providing details of methods and data for GHG
emission/removal estimation between two countries and exchanging comments on the methods anddata. The ML is also expected to foster and strengthen a cooperative relationship among GHG
inventory experts. Since the aim of the ML is not criticism or audit, participants can conduct a twoway communication, not a one-way communication like an examiner versus an examinee.
The first Mutual Learning was held on the Waste sector between GIO and Korea Environment
Corporation (KECO) in the annual workshop in 2008. The Secretariat of WGIA introduced this activity
in WGIA8 in 2010. With the participants’ agreement, ML has been held in the following WGIAs as
one of the sessions.
Table 4.1.1 History of Mutual Learning

GeneralEnergy2008-2010
2010

WGIA8

2011

WGIA9

-

2012

WGIA10-2013

WGIA11-

2014

WGIA12-

2015

WGIA13

JapanVietnam

2016

WGIA14-2017

WGIA15-IP
Agriculture
LULUCF
Trial implementation Japan- Korea

Waste

Introduction to ML (with hands on training)
IndonesiaMongolia--

CambodiaThailand
Lao PDRThailand
IndonesiaMyanmar

IndonesiaJapan--

BruneiKorea
MongoliaVietnam

MyanmarMalaysia

IndonesiaVietnam
ChinaMyanmar
ChinaMongolia
IndonesiaLao PDR--*Reporting from Vietnam with comments from experts-

Japan-Lao
PDR-

IndonesiaCambodiaKorea
ChinaKorea
MalaysiaVietnam

Vietnam*-

CambodiaMongolia
IndonesiaLao PDR
Lao PDR Myanmar

KoreaMyanmar
MongoliaThailand
ChinaPhilippines

Participants
In December 2016, the WGIA Secretariat advertised the ML to the participants of WGIA, andreceived applications from 15 groups from 7 parties. Considering the requirements of the applicants
and an appropriate balance among sectors and the feasibility of implementation, the WGIA Secretariat
set up three pairs (Mongolia and Vietnam on Energy sector, Lao PDR and Myanmar on LULUCF
sector, and China and the Philippines on Waste sector) in March 2017.
Preparation
A few months before WGIA15, the chosen participants in the ML submitted the materials of theirinventories to the WGIA Secretariat, including worksheets used for estimating emissions and reports
describing details of methodologies, and exchanged the materials with their partner countries throughthe Secretariat. Through studying the materials provided by the partner country, the participants foundgood points as well as issues to improve in the partner’s inventory. They also found issues to clarify
by questions. Thus, participants wrote such comments and questions to their partner countries onto
43
43

4. Report on Mutual Learning Session“Question and Answer Sheets”. After that, the “Question and Answer Sheets” were shared with thepartner countries through the Secretariat. The partner countries responded to these comments andquestions before WGIA15 took place.
Table 4.1.2 Preparation Process of Mutual Learning
Process
Schedule
Material submission
April 2017
Material exchange
Late April 2017
Studying the materials
During May 2017
Comment exchange
Early June 2017
Answers to comments
Mid-June 2017
Sessions
11th July 2017
SectorEnergy
LULUCF
Waste

Table 4.1.3 Submitted Materials for the MLs
Country
Inventory
First BUR in 2017 (Draft)
Mongolia
VietnamFirst BUR in 2014
TNC (Draft)
Lao PDR
Myanmar
INC in 2012
China
First BUR in 2016
the Philippines Study for INDC in 2015

Discussions
In the WGIA15, the ML participants were divided into three sessions (Energy, LULUCF andWaste) to discuss sector-specific issues based on preliminary comment exchanges. In order toencourage a frank discussion and to ensure confidence, these sessions were held as closed-door
discussion.
In these sessions, participants discussed their counterpart's inventory and national system, sharing
their own technical issues (e.g. data collection, adoption of emission factors, national system, etc.)with the partner to overcome the obstacles, and clarifying matters in their own inventory which shouldbe improved. Due to the adequate preliminary preparation of comment exchange over two months, theparticipants could deeply learn about actual issues in each other’s inventory.
Since the ML provides a good opportunity to study on both the counterparts’ and the participants’
own inventories, participants have shown their interests to continuous to take part in this programmein future WGIAs. The points of discussions and outcomes of each individual ML session aresummarized in the following sections (4.2 - 4.5).

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CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

4.2 Energy
Sector Overview
Mongolia and Vietnam participated in an ML session on the Energy sector. General information of
the two countries is shown in Table 4.2.1 below.
Table 4.2.1 Sector Overview for the ML on Energy Sector
Mongolia
VietnamNational total GHG
10,031 (in 2014, BUR2017) 246,801 (in 2010, BUR2014)
emissions (kt-CO2 eq., with
LULUCF)GHG emissions in the
17,268 (in 2014, BUR2017) 141,171 (in 2010, BUR2014)
Energy sector (kt-CO2 eq.)
Responsible agency for the
Ministry of Environment,
Ministry of Natural
inventory
Green Development andResources and Environment
Tourism
Estimation methodology
2006 IPCC Guidelines
Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines and partially 2006
IPCC Guidelines
Source of emission factors
Basically, IPCC default
Basically, IPCC default
values and partially country- values and partially countryspecific values
specific values
Source of activity data
National Statistics
Energy Balance Table inVietnam and National
Statistics
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA15, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to the Energy sector two and a half months before the workshop. The exchanged documents
were as follows:
Mongolia- Excel files with estimation worksheets from 1990 to 2014, in the folders titled “energyBackground”
and “energySectoral”- Common Reporting Format Tables from 1990 to 2014
Vietnam- National GHG Inventory Report 2010 of Vietnam, Final Draft- Energy Balance Tables in Vietnam for 2005 and 2010
- Excel file with estimation worksheets titled “L3,4 Energy 2010 estimation”
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided questions
and comments to their partner country approximately 40 days before the workshop. The classificationand the number of questions are summarized in Table 4.2.2.

45
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4. Report on Mutual Learning Session
Table 4.2.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on Energy Sector
Number of questions
Classification of questions
from Vietnam
from Mongolia
to Mongolia
to Vietnam
Acquisition of activity data
15Adoption of emission factors or parameters
1
2
Estimation methods
30Institutional arrangement
02
Others1
7Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues and Solutions
Some issues were pointed out through the ML as follows:
1) Fuel consumption of civil aviation should be disaggregated between domestic and international
flights.
2) Fuel consumption of road transportation types (car, motorcycle, etc.) should be disaggregated.
3) When comparing country-specific emission factors (CSEF) with default values, the reason of
the difference should be explained if CSEF was much lower or much higher than the default
values.
4) Fuel consumption of the energy and IPPU sectors (e.g. non-energy use) should bedisaggregated.
5) The activity data (AD) from different sources should be matched each other.
6) Transition of national institutional arrangement from project-based to stable is necessary.
7) Duty and responsibility among line ministries, especially finance mechanisms, were not
identified.
➢Good Practices
Some good practices were pointed out through the ML as follows:
Mongolia
1) The emissions were estimated from 1990.
2) The 2006 IPCC Guidelines were applied.
3) Country-specific emission factors for four types of coal were developed.
4) Common Reporting Format tables were produced for full time-series.
Vietnam1) Energy balance tables for 2 inventory years (2005 & 2010) were provided.
2) The institutional arrangement was already set up at the highest level.
3) First BUR was submitted.
4) Documentation of BUR1 was well done (The NIR 2010 was provided).
➢Possible Follow-up Activities
The following were pointed out as possible follow-up activities:
1) To estimate time-series;2) To establish and maintain a sustainable national institutional arrangement;
3) To develop and maintain national energy balance tables.

46

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES➢Suggestions for Future MLs
The participants’ suggestions for future ML were as follows:
1) To provide Japan’s experience, especially for the transport category;2) To discuss the manner for AD collection (not limited to energy sector).
PartiesMongolia

VietnamFacilitators
andResource
persons

Observers

Table 4.2.3 Participants in the ML on Energy Sector
Name
Organization
Title
Ms. Tegshjargal
Climate Change Project
GHG Inventory
Bumtsend
Implementing Unit of theSpecialist (energy andEnvironment and Climate IPPU)
Fund under the Ministry of GHG Inventory
Dr. Gerelmaa
Environment and Tourism Specialist (waste)
Shaariibuuof Mongolia
Ms. Sanaa
GHG Inventory
Enkhtaivan
Specialist (AFOLU)
Ms. Trong Nghia
Institute of Industrial
Lead Researcher on
NguyenPolicy and Strategy,
Climate Change
Ministry of Industry and
Mitigation
Trade, Viet Nam
Mr. Ngan Ngoc Vy
Institute of Strategy and
Deputy Head in Charge
Policy on Naturalof Division
Resources & Environment
Dr. Phuong Nam
Vietnam Center for
Head of Division,
NguyenTechnology Responding to Climate Change
Climate Change (CliTech), Mitigation Technology
Department of Climate
Change (DCC)
Mr. Akira Osako
Greenhouse Gas Inventory GHG Inventory Expert(Facilitator)
Office of Japan (GIO),
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka National Institute for
GHG Inventory Expert
Environmental Studies(Co-facilitator)
Mr. Takashi
Morimoto(Resource person)
Mr. Masaaki
Nakamura(Resource person)
Mr. Takumi
Ichikawa (Workshop
organizer)
Ms. Akiko Tanaka(WGIA secretariat)
Mr. Hiromi
Yoshinaga(WGIA secretariat)

Environment and Energy
Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting
Co., Ltd.

Chief Analyst

Ministry of theEnvironment, Governmentof Japan
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Office of Japan (GIO)
National Institute forEnvironmental Studies

Chief Official

47
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AnalystGHG Inventory Expert
GHG Inventory Expert

4. Report on Mutual Learning Session

4.3 Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector
Sector Overview
Lao PDR and Myanmar participated in ML session for the Land Use, Land-Use Change andForestry sector. The general information of the two countries is shown in Table 4.3.1 below.
Table 4.3.1 Sector Overview for the ML on LULUCF Sector
Lao PRD
MyanmarNational total GHG
50,742 (in 2000, SNC2013)-67,821 (in 2000, INC 2012)
emissions (kt-CO2 eq.,with LULUCF)
GHG
41,916 (in 2000, SNC2013)-101,817 (in 2000, INC 2012)
emissions/removals in
the LULUCF sector(kt-CO2 eq.)
Responsible agency
The Ministry of Natural
The Ministry of Naturalfor the inventory
Resources and Environment
Resources and Environmental
Conservation (MoNREC)
Estimation
2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier 1
2006 IPCC Guidelines , Tier 1
methodology
and Tier 2
Source of emission
Country-specific parameters and IPCC default values
factors
IPCC default values
Source of activity data Mainly from national forest
Mainly from national statistics
inventory report/system
and national forest inventory
Materials Used
In order to prepare for ML session in WGIA15, both countries exchanged their documents relevant
to GHG emission/removal estimation for the sector to the Secretariat two months before the workshop.
The exchanged documents were as follows:
Lao PDR:- 3B1a_FL Remaining FL.xls- 3B1b_Land Converted to FL.xls- 3B2b_Land Converted to CL.xls- 3B3b_Land Converted to GL.xls- 3B4a_WL Remaining WL.xls- 3B4b_Land Converted to WL.xls- 3B5b_Land Converted to SL.xls- 3B6b_Land Converted to OL.xls- 3C1a_Biomass Burning FL.xls- 3C1d_Biomass Burning WL.xls- 3C2_Liming.xls
Myanmar:- Myanmar’s first national communication under the UNFCCC in 2012 (PDF) (Chapter 3)- LULUCF database.doc- compile report GHG inventory chapter 3.doc- forestry summary report with worksheets.doc
Questions and Answers
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CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
After receiving the estimation documents, both countries studied them and submitted questions
and comments to the partner country approximately one month before the workshop through theSecretariat. The classification and the number of the questions are listed in Table 4.3.2.
Table 4.3.3 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on LULUCF Sector
Number of questions
Classification of question
from Lao PDR tofrom Myanmar to
MyanmarLao PDR
Acquisition of activity data
65Adoption of emission factors or parameters
66
Estimation methods
12Institutional arrangement
05
Others2
4Outcomes of the ML Session
Through the ML, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’ preparation of
GHG inventory have been identified.
➢Issues and solutions
The issues were:
1) Some categories were not estimated.
2) Key category analysis was not conducted, but it will be done in the future.
3) Preparation of land-use change matrix was not completed, but it will be done in the future;4) Country-specific parameters were not used for some categories, but they would be taken into
account in the future.
5) Construction of time series GHG estimations was not implemented, but it would be done in
the future.
➢Good Practices
The good practices identified for both countries were:
1) The institutional arrangement for GHG inventory was established and worked well.
2) 2006 IPCC Guidelines were applied for calculation of GHG emissions and removals basedon a good understanding of methodologies.
3) Coordination between the GHG inventory agency and other organizations was done.
➢Possible Follow-up Activities
Both countries agreed that applying good practices and/or good parameters used in the GHG
inventories of similar countries was important. Possible follow-up activities are:1) Methodologies and data, including land representation, should be improved.
2) Moving to higher tier for key categories with the use of country-specific parameters isnecessary.
3) Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) procedure should be implemented.
4) Consistency on the time series data is required.
5) Parameters made from research could not be used as country-specific parameters. Before
using them as country-specific parameters, quantitative assessment is needed.

49
49

4. Report on Mutual Learning Session
Country

Lao PDR

Table 4.3.4 Participants in the ML on LULUCF Sector
Name

Mr. Mone Nouansyvong
Mr. Bounthee Saythongvanh

MyanmarMr. Boun Eua
Khamphilavanh
Mr. Kyaw Moe Aung
Mr. Aung Thu Han

Dr. Myat Su Mon

Dr. Khin Lay Swe

Dr. Aaron J. M. Russell

Facilitators
andResource
persons

Organization

Position

Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment (MONRE)
Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment (MONRE)
Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment (MONRE)
Second National
Communication Project,
MyanmarEnvironmental Conservation
Department Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environmental
Conservation, Myanmar
Forest Department, Co-Leaderof GHG Inventory Working
Group for Second National
Communication Project,
MyanmarLeader of GHG Inventory
Working Group for Second
National Communication
Project, Myanmar
Myanmar Country
Representative, GGGI

Consultant (TNC
Project)
Deputy Director

Dr. Nyo Mar Htwe
Dr.Ei Ei Theint

Yezin Agricultural University
Department of Agriculture

Dr. Midori Yanagawa(Facilitator)
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi(Co-facilitator)
Mr. Atsushi Sato
(Resource person)

Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Office of Japan (GIO), National
Institute for Environmental
Studies
Environment and Energy Dept.,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting Co., Ltd.

50

Head of Unit
Project Coordinator
Assistant Director

Assistant Director

External
Environmental
Expert, Agriculture
Sector
MRV on GHG
Emissions,
Mitigation Actionand Support
Lecturer
Deputy Staff
Officer
GHG inventory
expertSenior researcher

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

4.4 Waste Sector
Sector Overview
China and the Philippines participated in an ML session for the Waste sector. The general
information of the two countries is shown in Table 4.4.1 .
Table 4.4.1 Sector Overview for the ML on Waste Sector
China
Philippines
National total GHG
11,320,000 (in 2012,
21,767 (in 2000, SNC2014)
emissions (kt-CO2 eq.,
BUR2016)
with LULUCF)
GHG emissions in the
158,000 (in 2012, BUR2016)
11,599 (in 2000, SNC2014)
Waste sector (kt-CO2 eq.)
Climate Change Commission
Responsible agency for the National Development andReform Commission (NDRC)
inventory
Organization in charge ofChinese Research Academy of Environmental Management
Waste sector
Environmental Sciences
Bureau (EMB), Department of(CRAES)
Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR)
Estimation methodology
Tier 2 and Tier 1 of the Revised Tier 1 of the 2006 IPCC
1996 IPCC Guidelines and the Guidelines
IPCC Good Practice Guidance(referencing the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines)
Source of emission factors Country-specific parameters
IPCC default values
and IPCC default values
Source of activity data
National statistics
National statistics andEstimations from population
statistics
Materials Used
In order to prepare for the ML session in WGIA15, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to GHG emission estimation of the sector with each other two months before the workshop.
The exchanged documents were as follows:
China:- Second National Communication on Climate Change of The People’s Republic of China (Excerpt- Waste Treatment)- First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change of The People’s Republic of China (Excerpt Waste Treatment)- Overview of provincial greenhouse gas inventory guidelines- 4_Waste(1)--GPG2000.xls
the Philippines:- Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change, 2014
- Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, Communicated to the UNFCCC on October 2015
- B-LEADERS, Philippines Mitigation Cost-Benefit Analysis, Waste Sector Result, 2015
- B-LEADERS, Enhanced Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of Mitigation Options for the Philippines,
2016
51
51

4. Report on Mutual Learning Session-

LECB PHL Project, Climate Change Mitigation Options for the Solid Waste Sector (Assessmentof Implementation Requirements of Mitigation Options and Promotion of the Use of Eco-efficient
Soil Cover), Minutes of the Focus Group Discussion, 2015
The president of the Philippines, Executive Order No.174, 2014
EMB-DENR, Memorandum Circular No. 009, 2016
EMB-DENR, Special Order No. 297, 2016
Solid Waste Calculations as of 042716
Waste Sector Calculations as of 042716
Wastewater Calculations as of 042716
Domestic-WW-pop-alloc-shift-w-sludge-remove-2014-04-26.xlsx
Industrial-WW-treatadjusts-2016-04-2725.xlsx

Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, both countries studied them and provided questions
and comments to their partner country approximately one month before the workshop. The
classification and the number of the questions were shown in Table 4.4.2.
Table 4.4.3 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on Waste Sector
Number of questions
Classification of question
from the Philippines from China to theto China
Philippines
Acquisition of activity data
77Adoption of emission factors or
1
0
parameters
Estimation methods
10
Uncertainty analysis
11
Mitigation measures
0
2
Others22
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’ preparation of
GHG inventory were identified.
➢Issues
Main issues discussed in the session were as follows.
1) Activity data (AD) acquisition issues persisting for solid waste treatment activities in rural areas;
2) Lack of separate monitoring on the amount of open-burned waste and possible double-counting
with the Agriculture sector;
3) Lack of centralized data compilation system which collects data from enterprises throughmunicipalities;
4) Necessity to develop regional emission factors (EFs) for wastewater treatment and parameters forsolid waste disposal.
➢Good Practices
Good practices of participant countries’ inventories were pointed out as follows.
China:
1) Bottom-up data collection procedures have been in place.
2) The inventory system supports the domestic carbon trading.
52

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
3) Industry-based reporting system has been in place.
Philippines:
1. AD estimation is based on internal assumptions using extrapolation with income class and size ofcity.
2. Institutionalized inventory management and reporting system is in place.
3. By regulation, biodegradable waste must be treated at the village level and this practice contributes
to reducing GHG emissions.
➢Suggestions for future ML and WGIA
Suggestions for future ML and WGIA from participants were as follows.
1. Focus on special topics, such as AD collection, QA/QC, key parameters (degradable organiccarbon (DOC), methane correction factor (MCF), Compositions etc.).
2. Have brief presentations on topics during ML.
Parties
China

Philippines

Facilitators
andResource
persons

Observer

Table 4.4.4 Participants in the ML on Waste Sector
Name
Organization
Title
Prof. Qingxian
Chinese Research Academy Professor
Gaoof Environmental Sciences
Dr. Zhanyun Ma (CRAES), Center forProfessor
Climate Change Impact
Research (CCIR)
Mr. Siyang Yu
Sino-carbon Innovation and Senior Consultant
Investment Ltd., Co.
Prof. Jianxin Hu Peking Univ., College ofProfessor
Environmental Sciences &Engineering
Mr. Crispian N. National Solid Waste
Commissioner and Vice
LaoManagement Commission
ChairmanMs. Maria Delia Environmental Management Senior Environmental
Cristina M.
Bureau (EMB), Department Management Specialist
Valdezof Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR)
Dr. Takefumi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
GHG Inventory Expert
Oda (Facilitator) Office of Japan (GIO),
National Institute for
Ms. Elsa
Senior Researcher
Environmental Studies
Hatanaka (Cofacilitator)
Mr. Hiroyuki
Environment and Energy
Senior Analyst
Ueda (Resource Dept., MURC
person)Ministry of the
Official
Mr. Masahiko
Environment, Government
Suzukiof Japan(Workshop
organizer)

5353Annex I: Agenda

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Annex I: Agenda
The 15th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA15)- Capacity Building for Measurement, Reporting and Verification Period: 11th – 14th July, 2017,
Venue: Hilton Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

Study Tour – Visiting Natural “Teak” Forest and “Teak” Hardwood Plantation Area in Bago Yoma
Mountain Range, Bago Region

8:00 - 9:00
8:30-12:00
SectorCombination ofParticipating Countries
Room
Facilitator

Day 1: Morning, 11th July 2017
Participant Registration
Mutual Learning (Closed session: open only for countries participatingin the session, facilitators, resource persons, and the WGIA Secretariat)
LULUCF
Lao PDR – Myanmar
GandamarDr. Midori Yanagawa (GIO)

Rapporteur
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)
Note: Mutual learning sessions are closed sessions in order to secure confidentiality of information
so that countries participating in the mutual learning session can provide unpublished information.
Therefore, only participating countries in the sessions, facilitators, resource persons and the WGIA
Secretariat can enter the rooms. In addition, facilitators and resource persons will be registered inadvance and receive confirmation of participation from the countries engaging in mutual learningand the WGIA Secretariat.
9:00 – 12:30
UNFCCC Meeting
Room: Grand Ballroom
Building sustainable national greenhouse gas inventory management
systems
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC)
12:00-14:00
Lunch
Day 1: Afternoon, 11th July
14:00-17:30
Mutual Learning (Closed sessions: open only for countries participatingin the session, facilitators, resource persons, and the WGIA Secretariat)
SectorEnergyWaste
Combination ofMongolia – Vietnam
China – Philippines
Participating Countries
Room
GandmarKumudraFacilitator
Mr. Akira Osako (GIO)
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)
Rapporteur

Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)55
55

Annex I

8:00 - 8:30
8:30 – 9:55

Day 2: Morning, 12th July, 2017
Participant Registration
Opening Session
Room:
Grand Ballroom

Chair:
Mr. Hla Maung Thein(Myanmar)Rapporteur:
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)

8:30 – 8:40

Welcome Address

8:40 – 8:50

Welcome Address

Union Minister, Minister of the
Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environmental Conservation(MONREC, Myanmar)
Mr. Yoshio Nakura (MOEJ)

8:50 – 9:00

Overview of WGIA15

Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)

9:00 – 9:30
9:30 – 9:50

Group Photo & Tea Break
Latest Japanese Climate Change Policies

Mr. Takumi Ichikawa (MOEJ)

9:50 – 10:10

Myanmar National Climate Change Policy

10:10 – 10:30

Questions and Answers

10:30 – 12:00

Session I: Updates on the National Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update
Reports (BURs) from Non-Annex I Parties
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:Grand Ballroom
Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)(IGES)
Introduction to the Session
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)
Brunei Darussalam's Initial National Communication Mr. Muhammad Nabih Fakhri
Matussin (Brunei)
Philippine Second National Communication (SNC)
Ms. Maria Delia Cristina M.
on Climate Change
Valdez (Philippines)
Cambodia’s Second National Communication
Mr. Leang Sophal (Cambodia)
stProf. Gao Qingxian (China)
Introduction of 1 Biennial Update Report on
Climate Change of China
Questions and Answers
All
Lunch

10:30 – 10:35
10:35 – 10:50
10:50 – 11:05
11:05 – 11:20
11:20 – 11:35
11:35 – 12:00
12:00 – 13:30

56

Mr. Than Aye, Deputy Director
General Environmental
Conservation Department(Myanmar)All

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
13:30 – 15:00

13:30 – 13:35
13:35 – 13:50
13:50 – 14:05

Day 2 Afternoon, 12th July
Session II: Countries’ Experience with the ICA Process and the Support forStrengthening Transparency in Reporting from Non-Annex I Parties
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:Grand Ballroom
Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB/ Bogor
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
Agricultural University)
Introduction to the Session
Ms. Atsuko Hayashi (GIO)
Indonesia Experience of International Consultation and
Dr. Joko Prihatno (Indonesia)
Analysis (ICA) Process
Preparing for ICA and FSV the Malaysia Way
Dr. Elizabeth Philip(Malaysia)

14:05 – 14:20

Thailand's Experience of FSV in ICA Process

14:20 – 14:35

UNFCCC Secretariat’s Support for Strengthening
Transparency in Reporting from non-Annex I Parties, andStatus of Negotiations on the Transparency Framework
under the Paris Agreement
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll
Tea BreakSession III: Fluorinated Gas Emissions from Non-Annex I Parties
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:Grand Ballroom
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya (AB/Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
Iora Ecological Solutions Pvt
ltd.)
Introduction and the Status of Reporting of FluorinatedMs. Elsa Hatanaka (GIO)
Gases
Mr. Masahiko Suzuki (MOEJ)The Kigali Amendment and Policy for Fluorocarbons inJapan
Estimation Methodology for Fluorinated Gases
Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe(IPCC/TFI)Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Fluorinated Gas Emissions in India (Tentative)
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya(India)Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions in China: An Inventory for Prof. Jianxin Hu (China)
2005− 2013 and Projections to 2050
Fluorinated Gas Emission Trends in the Republic of
Ms. Min-Sun Kim (Korea)
Korea

14:35 – 15:00
15:00 – 15:30
15:30 – 17:35

15:30 – 15:50
15:50 – 16:05
16:05 – 16:20
16:20 – 16:35
16:35 – 16:50
16:50 – 17:05
17:05 – 17:20
17:20 – 17:35

Questions and Answers, Discussion

18:30 – 20:30

Welcome Reception hosted by Japan & Myanmar

57
57

Dr. Patthra Pengthamkeerati(Thailand)
Mr. Dominique Revet(UNFCCC)All

Annex I
Day 3 Morning, 13th July 2017
9:00 – 12:00
Session IV: GHG Inventories, Projections and Mitigation Actions
Room:
Chair: Dr. Sirintornthep
Rapporteur:Grand Ballroom Towprayoon (AB/ King Mongkut’s Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
University of Technology Thonburi)
9:00 – 9:05
Introduction to the Session
Dr. Midori Yanagawa (GIO)
9:05 – 9:30
Importance of Developing Fluorocarbons Emissions
Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka
Inventory and Emissions Mitigation Analysis(NIES/AIM)(Cancelled)
GHGs Emission and Mitigation Actions in Iran in 2020Mr. Mohammad Sadegh
2030 Horizon
Ahadi (Iran)
9:30 – 9:45
Australia's National Inventory System for GHG Inventory Mr. Haakon Marold
Reporting(Australia)
9:45 – 10:15
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
10:15– 11:00
Tea Break
11:00 – 11:15 IPCC TFI: Recent Activities
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav(IPCC/TFI/TSU)
11:15 – 11:30 National GHG Inventories for Development of Mitigation Mr. Stanford Mwakasonda
or NDC Actions(UN Environment, Global
Support Programme (GSP))
11:30 – 12:00 Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
12:00 – 13:30 Lunch
13:30 – 15:00 Poster Session
Room: Foyer
15:00 – 16:30 Wrap-up Session
Room:
Chair: Prof. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)
Grand Ballroom
15:00 – 15:15 Summary of the Mutual Learning Sessions
Dr. Takefumi Oda (GIO)
15:15 – 15:30 Discussion
All
15:30– 15:45 Tea Break
15:45 – 16:00 Summary of the Plenary Sessions
Mr. Naofumi Kosaka (GIO)
16:00 – 16:10 Discussion
All
Closing Remarks
16:10 – 16:20 Closing Remarks
TBD (Myanmar)
16:20 – 16:30 Closing Remarks
Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri (GIO)
17:00 – 18:00
17:00 – 17:30
17:30 – 18:00

6:30 – 16:00

Day 3 Evening, 13th July
Joint Meeting of the WGIA Organizing Committee and Advisory Board(Members of the OC and AB, and the WGIA Secretariat are required to attend)
Room: Gandamar
Chair: Mr. Hiroshi Ito (GIO)
Review of Activities in WGIA15
All
Discussion on Topics for WGIA16
All
Study Tour, 14th July 2017
Study Tour – Visiting Natural “Teak” Forest and “Teak” Hardwood Plantation Areain Bago Yoma Mountain Range, Bago Region

58

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES
Poster Sessions
13:30 – 15:00
NumberP-1

Room: Foyer
Topic Title
1
Research on the Methane
Estimation and Its Emission Factor
from Landfill in China

P-2

6

P-3

6

P-4

7

P-5

3

P-6

3

P-7

1

Name, Organization
Zhanyun Ma, Qingxian Gao, Wei Huang,
Sijia Qu
Chinese Research Academy ofEnvironmental Sciences
Building Up a Low-Carbon
Siyang Yu, Chunyan Dai, Guoqiang Qian
Society: Low-Carbon Community SinoCarbon Innovation & Investment Co.,
Development in China
Ltd
Efficiency of Nitrification
Phatchariya Welutung and Patthra
Inhibitors from Plants on Reducing Pengthamkeerati
Nitrous Oxide Emissions under
Soil Incubation and Enhancing
Department of Environmental Technology
Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth,and management, Faculty of Environment
Yield and N Uptake in Pot
Kasetsart University, Bangkok
Experiment
Estimating Forest Carbon Stock at Tamotsu Sato1, Billy Ne Win2, Fumiaki
Project-level REDD Activity: a
Kitahara3, Myat Su Mon4, Tetsuya
case study in the Paung Laung
Michinaka1, Takuya Furukawa1, Ei Ei Swe
Reserve Forest, Myanmar
Hlaing2, Thaung Naing Oo2,
1
Forestry and Forest Products Research
institute (FFPRI), Japan, 2Forest ResearchInstitute, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Conservation, Myanmar
3
Shikoku Research Center, Forestry andForest Products Research institute(FFPRI), Japan
4
Forest Department, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Conservation, Myanmar
Data Collecting Activity andPhilip, E1, K.S. Yap, I2. Nur Zawani2 andVerification for Generating
Azimuddin Bahari2,
1
Credible GHG Inventory
Forest Research Institute Malaysia,
2
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment Malaysia
Activity Data Flows of Viet Nam
Nguyen Phuong Nam
during Estimation of the BUR1
Center for Technology Responding to
and Recommendations After
Climate Change, Department of Climate
Having National GHG Inventory
Change, Ministry of Natural Resources
Systemand Environment, Vietnam
Effect of Rice Cultivation
Sirintornthep Towprayoon1, Nittaya ChaPractices on N2O Emission Factor un1, Amnat Chidthaisong1, Patikorn
of Managed Agricultural Soil
Sriphirom1
1
The joint graduate school of energy andenvironment (JGSEE), Centre of
Excellence on Energy Technology andEnvironment (CEE), King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT)
59
59

Annex I
P-8

4

P-9

6

P-10

6

P-11

7

Capacity Building on Greenhouse
Gas Inventory and Training Needs
for ASEAN Countries

Nareerat Thanakasem, Chanyaphak
Wathanachinda
Climate Change International Technicaland Training Center, Thailand Greenhouse
Gas Management Organization (Public
Organization)
Deep Decarbonizing Land Use and Rizaldi Boer, Gito Sugih ImmanuelForest Sector in Indonesia
Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management
Bogor Agricultural University
Low-carbon Society and
Myint Soe1, Hnin Hnin Aye2
1
Mitigation Measures in Myanmar
Industrial Planning Control Department,
Ministry of Industry
2
Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise,
Ministry of Electric Power Industry &EnergyPreparation of Japan’s National
GIO of Japan
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Trends in GHG Emissions

Topics:1. Emission factor development (Sector)
2. Remote-sensing and GIS
3. Data collection and statistics
4. International support programme
5. International framework
6. Low-carbon society and mitigation measures
7. Others60Annex II: List of Participants

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Annex II: List of Participants

Mr. Ajay Raghava
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeBY PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES(Alphabetical order by family name)

Mr. Rajani Ranjan Rashmi
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
ChangeBRUNEI
Mr. Abdul Matiin Kasim
Renewable Energy Unit, Energy Department,
Prime Minister’s Office

INDONESIA
Prof. Rizaldi Boer
Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management in Southeast Asia and Pacific,
Bogor Agricultural University

Mr. Muhd Nabih Fakhri Matussin
Renewable & Alternative Energy Department
Brunei National Energy Research Institute

Mr. Budiharto
Directorate of GHG Inventory and MRV,
Directorate General of Climate Change
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

CAMBODIA
Mr. Sophal Leang
General Secretariat of National Council for
Sustainable Development
Department of Climate Chnage

Dr. Joko Prihatno
Directorate of GHG Inventory and MRV,
Directorate General of Climate Change
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. Sophyra Sar
Ministry of Environment, General Directorateof Administration for Nature Conservation andProtection Division

JAPAN
Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka
Center for Social and Environmental System
Research, National Institute for Environmental
Studies

CHINA
Prof. Qingxian Gao
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences (CRAES)
Center for Climate Change Impact Research
Prof. Jianxin Hu
Peking University, College of Environmental
Sciences & Engineering

Ms. Elsa Hatanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Zhanyun Ma
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences (CRAES)
Center for Climate Change Impact Research

Ms. Atsuko Hayashi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Siyang Yu
Sino-carbon Innovation and Investment Ltd.,Co.
Second Business Department

Mr. Takahiko Hiraishi
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Dr. Yasumasa Hirata
Bureau of Climate Change,
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute

INDIA
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya
Iora Ecological Solutions Pvt ltd
6161

Annex II
Dr. Tamotsu Sato
Department of Forest Vegetation,
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute

Mr. Takumi Ichikawa
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau, Ministry of theEnvironment of Japan

Mr. Masahiko Suzuki
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment of JapanMr. Hiroshi Ito
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Ms. Akiko Tanaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Naofumi Kosaka
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Hiroyuki Ueda
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Mr. Tetsuharu Miyamoto
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Midori Yanagawa
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Takashi Morimoto
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.

Ms. Atsuko Yoshimura
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Masaaki Nakamura
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.
Mr. Yoshio Nakura
Low-Carbon Society Promotion Office, Global
Environment Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment of JapanMr. Hiromi Yoshinaga
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Yukihiro Nojiri
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

LAO PDR.
Mr. Boun Eua Khamphilavanh
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Dr. Takefumi Oda
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Mr. Mone Nouansyvong
Technology Needs Assessment Project,
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Mr. Bounthee Saythongvanh
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Akira Osako
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan,
Center for Global Environmental Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

MALAYSIA
Dr. Elizabeth M P. Philip
Climate change & forestry Programme,
Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment

Mr. Atsushi Sato
Environment and Energy Dept., Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting Co., Ltd.
62

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIES

Ms. Nur Zawani Ibrahim
Environmental Management and Climate
Change, Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Ms. Aeint Kyawt Hmuee
Department of Rural Development

MONGOLIA
Ms. Tegshjargal Bumtsend
Climate Change Project Implementing Unit of
the Environment and Climate Fund under the
Ministry of Environment and Tourism ofMongolia

Dr. Khin Mar Htay
Department of Agricultural Research

Dr. Myat Taw Htat
NayPyiTaw City Development Committee

Dr. Tin Mar Htay
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology
Ms. Hla Hla Htwe
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Ms. Sanaa Enkhtaivan
Climate Change Project Implementing Unit of
the Environment and Climate Fund under the
Ministry of Environment and Tourism ofMongolia

Dr. Nyo Mar Htwe
Yezin Agricultural University

Dr. Gerelmaa Shaariibuu
Climate Change Project Implementing Unit of
the Environment and Climate Fund under the
Ministry of Environment and Tourism ofMongolia

Mr. U Soon Htwe
Dry Zone Greening Department
Mr. Myo Ko Ko
Promotion of Indigenous and Nature Together

MYANMARMr. Than Aye
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Ms. Htay Htay Kyi
Ministry of Industry
Mr. Paing Hsu Lwin
Environmental Conservation Department

Ms. Hnin Hnin Aye
Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise,
Ministry of Electric Power Industry & Energy

Ms. Su Su Lwin
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Mr. Kyaw Moe Aung
Second National Communication Project

Dr. Myat Su Mon
Forest Department, GHG Inventory Working
Group for Second National Communication
Project

Mr. Min Myat Aung
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Mr. Kyaw San Naing
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Dr. Hla Myo Aung
Department of Research and Innovation
Mr. Aung Thu Han
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Mr. Thein Han Oo
Road Transportation Administration Department
63
63

Annex II
Mr. Phyo Thu
Myanmar Environment Rehabilitationconservation Network

Dr. Thaung Naing Oo
Forest Department
Mr. Chit Ooko
Environmental Conservation Department

Ms. Kay Khine Tint
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and
Irrigation

Mr. Aung Nay Phyo
Department of Urban and Housing
Development

Dr. Aung Moe Myo Tint
Department of Agricultural Research

Mr. Aung Thu Phyo
Department of Hydropower Implementation

Ms. Khaing Phyoe Wai
Second National Communication Project

Dr. Aaron J. M. Russell
Global Green Growth Institute, Country Officein Myanmar

PHILIPPINES
Mr. Crispian N. Lao
National Solid Waste Management Commission

Mr. Aung Kyaw Soe
Dry Zone Greening Department

Ms. Maria Delia Cristina M. Valdez
Environmental Management Bureau,
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources

Mr. Myint Soe
Directorate of Industrial Planning Control
Department,
Ministry of Industry
Dr. Khin Lay Swe
Agricultural Sector, GHG Inventory Working
Group for Second National Communication
Project

REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Dr. Hyung-Wook Choi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research Center of
Korea

Ms. Han Swe
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology

Ms. Min-Sun Kim
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research Center of
Korea

Dr. Shwe Mar Than
Yezin Agricultural University

Dr. Sung-kyun Kim
Korea Energy Economics Institute,
Climate Change Research Division

Mr. Hla Maung Thein
Environmental Conservation Department
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation

Mr. Sun-ho Kim
GHG Information Team,
Dept. of Climate Change Action
Korea Environment Corporation

Ms. War War Thein
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and
Irrigation

Ms. Minjung Kwon
Statistics Analysis Division,
Korea Energy Agency

Dr. Ei Ei Theint
Department of Agriculture

Mr. Myong-seok Lee
GHG Information Team,
Dept. of Climate Change Action
Korea Environment Corporation

Mr. Paing Htet Thu
Myanmar Environment Rehabilitationconservation Network
64

CGER-I137-2017, CGER/NIESOTHERS

Mr. An-Woo Nam
GHG Information Team,
Dept. of Climate Change Action

IPCC TFI
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Technical Support Unit, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change

Korea Environment Corporation
Ms. Eunae Seo
Statistics Analysis Division,
Korea Energy Agency

Mr. Andrej Kranjc
Technical Support Unit, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change

THAILAND
Dr. Patthra Pengthamkeerati
Department of Environmental Technology andManagement, Faculty of Environment,
Kasetsart University

Mr. Kiyoto Tanabe
Co-Chair, Task Force on National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change

Ms. Nareerat Thanakasem
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization

UNFCCCMr. Dominique André Revet
Mitigation, Data and Analysis (MDA)
Programme, UNFCCC Secretariat

Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi

UNEP
Mr. Stanford Abel Mwakasonda
Division of Technology Industry andEconomics, UNEP

Miss. Chanyaphak Wathanachinda
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization

Australia
Mr. Haakon Marold
International Climate Change and Energy
Innovation, Department of the Environment,
Australian Government

Miss Phatchariya Welutung
Kasetsart University
Ms. Sasiwimon Wichadee
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental
Policy and Planning
VIETNAM
Dr. Nguyen Phuong Nam
Climate Change Mitigation Technology,
Vietnam Center for Technology Responding to
Climate Change
Mr. Nguyen Trong Nghia
Institute for Industrial Policies and Strategies,
Ministry of Industry and Trade
Mr. Ngan Ngoc Vy
Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural
Resources and Environment, MONRE, Climate
Change and Global Issues
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