II 防災体 制 The Disaster Management SystemChapter

3 -❶ 中央防災会議

National Disaster Management Council

中央防災会議は、内閣の重要政策に関する会議の一つであThe National Disaster Management Council is one of the councils thatdeal with crucial policies of the Cabinet and is established in theCabinet Office based on the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act. TheCouncil consists of the Prime Minister as the chairperson, all membersof the Cabinet, heads of major public corporations and experts. TheCouncil develops the Basic Disaster Management Plan and establishes
basic disaster management policies and plays a role of promoting
comprehensive disaster countermeasures including deliberating
important issues on disaster management upon requests from thePrime Minister or Minister of State for Disaster Management.

り、災害対策基本法に基づき内閣府に設置されています。会
議は、内閣総理大臣を会長とし、全閣僚、主要な公共機関の長及び学識経験者で構成されています。会議は、防災基本計画の作成や防災基本方針の策定などを行うとともに、内閣総理大臣や防災担当大臣の諮問に応じて防災に関する重要事項を審議 するなど、総合的な災害対策を推進する役割を担っています。

中央防災会議組織図 Organization of National Disaster Management Council
中央防災会議 Central Disaster Management Council
内閣総理大臣 Prime Minister

会長

内閣総理大臣答申

防災担当大臣を含む全閣僚

Chair

諮問

Inquiry

Prime Minister

Report

防災担当大臣Minister of State for Disaster Management and all members of the Cabinet

内閣危機管理監 Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary for Crisis Management

委員Members

指定公共機関の代表者(4名) Heads of Designated Public Corporations

意見具申

Minister of State forDisaster ManagementOﬀer Opinion

学識経験者(5名) Experts

専門調査会 Committees for technical investigation● 防災対策実行会議 Disaster Management Implementation Committee

幹事会 Oﬃcers Meeting
内閣府大臣政務官

会長

Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Cabinet Oﬃce

Chair

副会長 内閣府政策統括官（防災担当）、消防庁次長
Vice Chair

Director General for Disaster Management Cabinet Oﬃce
Deputy Manager of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency

幹事

各府省庁局長クラス

Secretary

中央防災会議Relevant director-generals of each ministry and agency

Central Disaster Management Council防災体制の概要 Outline of the Disaster Management System
国レベル
Nationallevel

内閣総理大臣Prime Minister

中央防災会議Central Disaster Management Council

指定行政機関（※ 1）Designated Government Organizations
指定公共機関（※ 2）Designated Public Corporations
都道府県レベルPrefecturallevel

市町村レベルMunicipallevel
住民レベル
Residentslevel

※1
※2

知事

防災基本計画の策定、実施の推進
Formulation and promoting implementation of the Basic Disaster Management Plan
防災業務計画の策定、実施
Formulation and implementation of the Disaster Management Operation Plan

Governor

都道府県防災会議 Prefectural Disaster Management Council
指定地方行政機関 Designated Local Government Organizations
指定地方公共機関 Designated Local Public Corporations

都道府県地域防災計画の策定、実施の推進
Formulation and promoting implementation of Prefectural Disaster Management Plan

市町村長

Mayors of Cities, Towns and Villages

市町村防災会議

Municipal Disaster Management Council

市町村地域防災計画の策定、実施の推進
Formulation and promoting implementation of Municipal Disaster Management Plan

居住者及び事業者

Residents and Enterprises

地区防災計画の策定、実施の推進
Formulation and promoting implementation of Community Disaster Management Plan

指定行政機関24の国の行政機関が指定されています。

Designated Government Organizations

24 ministries and agencies are designated

指定公共機関独立行政法人の一部、日本銀行、日本赤十字社、NHKなどの公共的機関や電力会社、ガス会社、NTTなど公益的事業を営む法人100機関が指定されています。

Designated Public Corporations

66 organizations including independent administrative agencies, Bank of Japan, Japanese Red Cross Society, NHK, electric and gas
companies and NTT are designated.

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3 - ❷ 防災計画

Disaster Management Plans❶防災計画の体系

1. Disaster Management Planning System○ 防災基本計画：日本の災害対策の根幹となる防災分野の最上位計画であり、災害対策基本法に基づき、中央防災会議が作成する計画○ 防災業務計画：防災基本計画に基づき、指定行政機関及び指定公共機関が作成する計画○ 地域防災計画：防災基本計画に基づき、都道府県及び市町村の防災会議が、地域の実情に即して作成する防災計画○ 地区防災計画：市町村内の地区内居住者及び事業者が主体となり、自主的に作成する計画○ Basic Disaster Management Plan: This plan is the highest-level plan andconstitutes the basis for disaster management activities prepared by theNational Disaster Management Council based on the Disaster Countermeasures
Basic Act.
○ Disaster Management Operation Plan: This is a plan made by each designatedgovernment organization and designated public corporation based on the Basic
Disaster Management Plan.
○ Local Disaster Management Plan: This is a plan made by each Prefectural andMunicipal Disaster Management Council, subject to local circumstances andbased on the Basic Disaster Management Plan.
○ Community Disaster Management Plan: This is a disaster management activities
plan at the community level which is established by residents and businesses
jointly on a voluntary basis.

❷ 防災基本計画

2. Basic Disaster Management Plan

防災基本計画は、防災業務計画や地域防災計画の基になる防災対策の総合的・長期的計画であり、防災体制の確立、防災事業の促進、災害復旧の迅速適切化、防災に関する科学技術の研究の推進等を定めています。本計画は、昭和38年に策定されてから、災害対策基本法に基づき、毎年修正の検討を行い、必要があると認められるときは修正することとしています。
平成７年には、阪神・淡路大震災の経験を踏まえ修正を行い、国、地方公共団体、公共機関等が行う施策について、それぞれの責務を明確に定めるとともに、災害の種類別に、予防、応急、復旧・復興の各段階に沿って、講ずべき対策を記述しました。
また、東日本大震災の教訓を踏まえ、平成23年12月に津波災害対策編を新設したほか、近年においても、災害対応の教訓や施策の進展、新型コロナウイルス感染症への対応等を踏まえた修正を行っています。

The Basic Disaster Management Plan is a comprehensive and long-term disastermanagement plan forming a foundation for the Disaster Management Operations
Plan and Local Disaster Management Plan. It stipulates provisions for theestablishment of the disaster management system, promotion of disastermanagement measures, acceleration of post disaster recovery and reconstruction
measures, and promotion of scientific and technological research on disastermanagement.Since its establishment in 1963, this plan has been reviewed every
year based on the Basic Act on Disaster Management and revised when deemednecessary. Therefore, the plan was revised entirely in 1995 based on theexperiences of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. It defines responsibilities ofeach entity such as the national and local governments, public corporations andother entities. It consists of various plans for each type of disaster, where specificcountermeasures to be taken by each entity are described according to the disastermanagement phases of prevention and preparedness, emergency response, as well
as recovery and reconstruction. Further, based on the lessons learned from theGreat East Japan Earthquake, a new chapter was created in December 2011, forTsunami Disaster Countermeasures. In recent years, lessons from disaster
responses and developments in measures as well as responses to the COVID-19
have been taken into account for the revisions.

各災害に共通する対策
Countermeasures Common to All Disaster Types自然災害対策

Natural Disasters
Countermeasures

事故災害対策Accident Disasters
Countermeasures

地震災害対策

津波災害対策

風水害対策

火山災害対策雪害対策

Earthquake Disaster

Tsunami Disaster

Storm and Flood Disaster

Volcano Disaster

Snow Disaster

海上災害対策航空災害対策鉄道災害対策

道路災害対策Maritime Disaster

Aviation Disaster

Railroad Disaster

Road Disaster

原子力災害対策

危険物等災害対策

大規模火事災害対策

林野火災対策Nuclear Disaster

Hazardous Materials Disaster

Large-scale Fire Disaster

Forest Fire Disaster︵災害対策の順序に沿った記述︶

防災基本計画の構成 Basic Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction

Addressing all
the disaster
phases

災害予防・事前対策
Disaster Prevention and Preparedness

災害応急対策Disaster Emergency Response

災害復旧・復興対策
Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction（具体的な対応を記述：各主体の責務を明確化）
Concrete countermeasures to be taken by each stakeholder

国NationalGovernment

地方公共団体Local Governments

住民等
Residents❸ 地区防災計画

3. Community Disaster Management Plan

市町村内の地区居住者等（地区内の居住者及び事業者）による、自助・共助の精神に基づく自発的な防災活動を促進し、ボトムアップ型で地域における防災力を高めるため、コミュニティレベルでの防災活動を内容とする地区防災計画を市町村地域防災計画に定めることができることとしています。
また、地区防災計画を作成するに当たっては、地区居住者等がより主体的に、計画策定段階から積極的に参加することが求められることから、地区居住者等は、共同して、市町村防災会議に対し、市町村地域防災計画に地区防災計画を定めることを提案（計画提案）することができることとしています。
これまで、市町村地域防災計画に反映された計画は30都道府県、73市区町村、901地区（令和2年4月1日時点）となりました。

In order to encourage and promote proactive disaster management
activities among residents (including both individual and corporateresidents) in a given area based on the spirit of self-help and mutual
help, and to enhance the disaster management capabilities of the area ina bottoms-up manner, it is stipulated that a community disastermanagement plan, featuring the community level disaster management
activities, may be prescribed in the municipal disaster management plan.
In developing a community disaster management plan, more active andproactive participation of the area residents is necessary at an earlystage of such development. As such, it is stipulated that the area
residents may jointly make a proposal (proposed plan) to the municipal
disaster management council that a community disaster management
plan be stipulated in the municipal disaster management plan.
Thus far, the plans reflected in the community disaster management
plans are that of 30 prefectures, 73 municipalities and 901 communities(as of April 1, 2020).
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