Collective Flow Measurementsfrom the PHENIX Experiment
ShinIchi Esumi for the PHENIX Collaboration

CONTENTS
higher order event anisotropy
event plane correlationv2,v3,v4 in 200GeV Au+Au
2-particle correlationenergy dependence of vn
direct-photon v2

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

1

yv3 and Initial Fluctuation
Reaction Plane (x-z)

xx

arXiv:1003.0194zyy

black-disk--> sign-flipping v3
initial fluctuation --> no-sign-flipping v3
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukubax2RXN
MPC

2cm Pb converterin front(reaction plane detector)

PbW04(muon pistonEM-calorimeter)dN/dBBC-505

(beam-beam quartzCherenkov detector)(zero degree n calorimeter
ZDC/SMD /shower max detector)
CNT(PHENIX central tracking arm)
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

3n = <cos n(n(meas.) - n(true))>better resolution

Reaction plane resolution of nth order plane200GeV Au+Au
PHENIX Preliminary

n=2 RXN
n=3 RXN
n=4 RXN
n=2 MPC
n=3 MPC

RXN || = 1.0 ~ 2.8
MPC || = 3.1~ 3.7

positive correlationin 3 betweenopposite  up to 3 ~ 4centrality (%)

No sign flipping in 3 observed--> Initial geometrical fluctuation
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba4

No visible correlation between 3 and 2
arXiv:1105.3928

200GeV Au+Au•same harmonics2(2-2) ~ 10%3(3-3) ~ 1%
•weak negative
correlation between
3 and 1

A: RXN(>0)
B: BBC(<0)
C: MPC(>0)
D: MPC(<0)•hint for rapidity
anti-symmetricv3 contribution

Fluctuation dominance for 3
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

5v2{2}, v3{3}, v4{4} at 200GeV Au+Au
arXiv:1105.3928(1) v3 is comparable to v2 at 0~10%(2) weak centrality dependence on v3(3) v4{4} ~ 2 x v4{2}
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

charged particle vn : ||<0.35
reaction plane n : ||=1.0~2.8

All of these are consistent
with initial fluctuation.
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

6v3 breaks the degeneracy
arXiv:1105.3928

v2

Glauber

CGC

Smaller
eccentricity

Largereccentricity

v3 provides an additional
constraining power on
the hydro-model.

Glauber & 4/s=1
works

v3

CGC-KLN & 4/s=2
fails
B. Alver et. al., Phys. Rev. C82, 034913(2010).
B. Schenke et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 042301(2011).
H. Petersen et. al., Phys. Rev. C82, 041901(2010).

Glauber & 4/s=1 favored
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba7

Identified /K/p v3{3} at 200GeV Au+Au•lower pT

particle massdependence

radial flow
•intermediate pT

baryon / meson
splittingcommon systematic error for all 3 species

quark coalescenceat hadronization withpartonic v3

Radial & Partonic collective flow seen in v3
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba8

Does v3 explain Ridge and Mach-Cone?

Mach--ConeMachRidge : long range  correlation at near-side
Cone : double peak/shoulder at away-side (long in )
v3 : initial fluctuation is common over wide range of 
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

9

2-particle correlation between central and forward
CNTRXN

200GeV Au+Au 20~30%
PHENIX Preliminary

mach-cone

RXN: ||=1.0~2.8
CNT: (||<0.35)
charged hadrons
pT=2~4(GeV/c)ridgeC2()clear 3rd order moment
seen in long range
correlation

v1 + v2 fit

data - fit + 1

(CNT)(RXN)

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

another way of
extracting the vn
parameters withforward anisotropy vn
without using nShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

10

2-particle correlation between central and central
v3

Bulk flow + jet(cent.-cent. 2-part.)
small difference
Bulk flow(forw. 3 E.P.)
Hydro model with
Glauber & 4/s=1works
B. Alver et. al., Phys. Rev. C82, 034913(2010).

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

11Flow subtraction/correction with measured vnfor central-central 2-particle correlationv2 BG corrected

v2 ,v3 ,v4 BG corrected
PHENIX preliminary
200GeV Au+Au
0-20%, inc. g-had.

mach-cone is mostly goneremaining medium effect seen(correlated pair yield by absolute normalization)
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

12

Observed left/right asymmetry remains
after “the usual/normal” v3 subtraction.
Trigger angle
selection w.r.t.
2 separately
for left(up) /right(down)

out-of-plane
trigger case

Trig.

Trigger angle
selected 2-part.
corr. data areplotted in polar
coordinate byrotating 2 R.P.
angle as X-axis.
Flow subtracted
yield is shown
radially with base
line.

Trig.

in-planetrigger case

200GeV Au+Au -> h-h(pTTrig=2~4, pTAsso=1~2GeV/c)v2(v4{2})-only subtraction
PHENIX preliminary

2 R.P.

2 R.P.

Trig.
Trig.

surface dominancepenetration dominanceTwo competing processes seen
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

13

v2{2}, v3{3}, v4{4} at 62GeV Au+Au
vncharged particle vn : ||<0.35
reaction plane n : ||=1.0~2.8

similar results down to Au+Au 39GeVPHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

14

Beam energy dependence 39/62/200GeV Au+Au
2-particle correlation method between
central and forward rapidities

charged particle v3

charged particle v4

charged particle v2

similar hydro-properties down to 39GeVPHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

15

Identified hadron v2 at 39GeV Au+Au(similar for 62GeV Au+Au)
PHENIX Preliminary

PHENIX Preliminary

Partonic collective flow down to 39GeVPHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

16

Comparable v2 vs pT from 39GeV to 2.76TeV
ALICE Experiment, PRL105,252302 (2010)

similar hydro-properties from 39GeV to 2.76TeVPHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

17Saturation of v2 with beam energy
Preliminary, STAR, PHENIX and E895 data

saturation of v2 forgiven pT around orbelow 39GeV

ALICE

at 1.7GeV/c<v2> still increases
mainly because ofthe <pT> rise.

at 0.7GeV/c

103

104

Almost perfect fluidity from 39GeV to 2.76TeVPHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

18

Measurement of 0 and ginc. v2
200GeV Au+Au (min. bias)
arXiv:1105.4126

200GeV Au+Au 20-40%
PHENIX Preliminary
ginc. v2(2BBC)

ginc. v2 with externalconversion method

significant difference between 0 and ginc. v2 above 5GeV/c,
difference between v2{RXN} and v2{BBC} due to jet bias.
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

19

Rg ratio and extracted gdir. v2
200GeV Au+Au (min. bias)
arXiv:1105.4126

gdir. v2 is small at high pT --> consistent with prompt photon
surprisingly large gdir. v2 seen, similar to hadron v2 at low pT.
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba20gdir. v2

Comparison of gdir. v2 with model calculations

R. Chatterjee and D. K. Srivastava
PRC 79, 021901(R) (2009)
PRL96, 202302 (2006)

Several models havefailed in v2 magnitudewith similar shape

200GeV Au+Au 0-20%

pT (GeV/c)

Large v2 of low pT thermal photon--> challenge to theory calculations
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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Related PHENIX talks“PHENIX Measurements of Higher-order Flow Harmonics in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV:
Implications for Initial-eccentricity Models and the Specific Viscosity of the Quark Gluon Plasma”[Mon.23-May-2011 18:30-18:50 Parallel 1-7 Global and collective dynamics]
Roy Lacey (Stony Brook Phys.)“Measurement of Light Vector Mesons by PHENIX Experiment at RHIC”[Mon.23-May-2011 18:50 Parallel 1-8 Hadron thermodynamics and chemistry]
Deepali Sharma (Weizmann)“Probing Nuclear Matter With Jets and gamma-Hadron Correlations:Results from PHENIX”[Tues.24-May-2011 17:00 Parallel 2-1 Jets]
Nathan Grau (Columbia)“Identified particle v3 measurements at 200GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC-PHENIX experiment”[Mon.24-May-2011 17:20-19:30 Poster Session 1 + Wine and cheese]
Sanshiro Mizuno (Univ. of Tsukuba)“Measurements of low mass dielectrons in Au+Au collisionswith the HBD upgrade of the PHENIX detector”[Thur.26-May-2011 16:00 Parallel 5-3 Electromagnetic probes]
Mihael Makek (Weizmann)“Direct photon production in heavy ion collisions in PHENIX experiment at RHIC”[Thur.26-May-2011 16:40 Parallel 5-3 Electromagnetic probes]
Edouard Kistenev (BNL Phys.)“Collision energy dependence of the flow and spectra results in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=7.7-200
GeV from PHENIX”[Fri.27-May-2011 17:50-18:10 Parallel 5-4 Global and collective dynamics]
Xiaoyang Gong (Stony Brook Chem.)
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

23

Summary and Outlook◆ Significant higher order event anisotropy observed• Consistent with initial geometrical fluctuation• Break degeneracy: Glauber & 4/s=1 favored• Strong impact on Mach cone and ridge◆ Almost perfect fluidity from 39GeV to 2.76TeV◆ Direct photon v2 observed• Small at high pT --> consistent with pQCD
• Large in low pT --> challenge to theory
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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Backup slides

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

25

Event plane resolution and raw tracknR.P. distribution
200GeV Au+Au
PHENIX
Preliminary

estimated fromRXN(S) - RXN(N)|| = 1~2.8
 = 22 , 3 and 4
are defined foreach event.

MPC(S) - MPC(N)|| = 3.1~3.7
 = 6.2

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

26

Event plane correlation between the same or different harmonics
arXiv:1105.NNNN

n = m case

200GeV Au+Au

n = m case

A: RXN(N,>0)
B: BBC(S,<0)
C: MPC(N,>0)
D: MPC(S,<0)

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

note:x10 times scaledifference between
top and bottom.
Additional factor ofx10 or x20 between
left and right.

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

27

Correlation between different harmonics (w.r.t spectator 1ZDC)(%)<cos k(kA - 1C)><cos k(kB- 1C)>

A: BBC(S) [-3.9,-3.1]
B: BBC(N) [3.1,3.9](%)

10<cos .or. sin k(k - 1)>

sin term
sin term

1 (1 - 1ZDC(S+N))

06

C: ZDC(S+N) |5(%)
2 (2 - 1ZDC(S+N))

0200GeV Au+Au
PHENIX Preliminary(N-side flipped to combine)

0.06

3 (3 - 1ZDC(S+N))

0200GeV Au+Au
PHENIX Preliminary

200GeV Au+Au
PHENIX Preliminary

centrality (%)
clear sign-flipping in v1 , clear positive v2
indication of sign-flipping in v3 , sign(v1) = sign(v3)

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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comparison with theory calculations at 200GeV Au+Au
arXiv:1105.NNNN

200GeV Au+Au
charged particle vn

Hydro-models
succeed with
Glauber initialfluctuation.

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

30

2-particle correlation withincentral arm ||<0.35
also gives similar v2 and v3
with some small increase athigher pT from non-flow jetbias (||=0.3~0.7)

v2

v3

PHENIX preliminary
with central-central
2-particle-correlation
at ||>0.3

B. Alver et. al., Phys. Rev. C82, 034913(2010).
B. Schenke et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 042301(2011).

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

31

<v2>

vn

<v3>

<v4>

<vn> pT=2-2.5GeV/c<vn> pT=0.75-1GeV/cen : nth order glauber geom. anisotropy
0.5 x enNpart
PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

32

v2{2}, v3{3}, v4{4} at 39GeV Au+Au
charged particle vn : ||<0.35
reaction plane n : ||=1.0~2.8

vn

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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vnvn

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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PHENIX preliminary

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

PHENIX preliminary

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

35PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

36

Method of event plane determination(1) Detector calibration / cell-by-cell calibration(2) Q-vector, re-centering, normalization of width
Q{n}x = i { wi cos (n i) }Q’{n}x = (Q{n}x - <Q{n}x>) / Q{n}x
Q{n}y = i { wi sin (n i) }Q’{n}y = (Q{n}y - <Q{n}y>) / Q{n}yZDC
Q{1}x= i { wi xi } / i { wi }Q{1}yZDC = i { wi yi } / i { wi }(3) n-th harmonics reaction plane{n} = atan2 (Q’{n}y , Q’{n}x) / n(4) Fourier flattening (Sergei’s+Art’s method paper)n ’{n} = n {n} + i (2/i) { - <sin(i n {n})> cos(i n {n}) + <cos(i n {n})> sin(i n {n}) }(5) measure vn w.r.t. n and correct for E.P. resolution

2-particle correlation among 3-sub detectors
ForwardHit (F), BackwardHit (B), CentralTrack (C)(1) measure d distribution between 2 detectors weighting by the hit amplitude(2) normalize by the event mixing to make correlation functions for 3 combinations(3) fit the correlation with Fourier function to extract vnFvnB, vnFvnC and vnBvnC(4) vnF(Hit) and vnB(Hit) can be determined as a function of centrality(5) vnC(Track) can be determined as a function of centrality and pT

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba37

Some couplings between“mach-cone-like and ridge-likeemissions” and v3 are
expected to be there!

PRL104 (2010) 062301

What is the origin andwhat is the consequence?

shoulderPHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ridge

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

38

case1

case2

beam rapidity

case3

beam rapidity

beam rapidity

spectator

net-baryon
ridge likenearn-even :vn() = vn(-)fluctuating
initial condition

n-odd :
vn() = -vn(-)
midrapidity

participant

midrapidity

midrapidity

all n :
vn() = vn(-)near sidejetaway sidejetmach-conelike away

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

39

2-part. correlation between central and forward
CNTRXN

200GeV Au+Au 20~30%
PHENIX Preliminary

CNTMPC

C2() - F() + 1C2()CNT: central tracks
mid-rapidity (||<0.35)
charged hadrons
pT=2~4(GeV/c)
RXN: reaction plane detector
forward ||=1.0~2.8
all cells/hits (charge weightingwith Pb converter)

F(x) = A {1 + 2k=1~2 [pkcos(kx)] }F(x) = A {1 + 2k=1~4 [pkcos(kx)] }MPC: muon piston calorimeter
forward EM-cal ||=3.1~3.7
all cells/towers (eT weighting)pn = vnA  vnB

clear 3rd moment intwo-particle correlation
with large  gap(CNT)(RXN)(CNT)(MPC)

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba40

central-central 2-part. correlation with  dependence

200GeV Au+Au
0-20%, inc. g-had.

0<||<0.1

0.1<||<0.30.3<||<0.5

0.5<||<0.7

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

41

flow subtraction with measured vn for cent-cent 2-par. correlation

200GeV Au+Au
0-20%, inc. g-had.

Fourier
spectra ofextracted jetshape

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

42

Probe the transverse geometry and/or dynamics
with trigger angle selected 2-particle correlation

thin side mach-cone(shoulder region)ASSO-TRIG>0

near side(triggerdirection)ASSO-TRIG<0away side(head region)thick side mach-cone(shoulder region)ASSO-TRIG<0PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

43Flow subtracted 2-particle  correlation with trigger angle selection in 200GeV Au+Au
out-of-plane

in-planeaverage

0-20%

20-50%

50-93%

200GeV Au+Au -> h-h (pTTrig=2~4GeV/c, pTAsso=1~2GeV/c)v2(v4{2})-only subtraction
PHENIX preliminary

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

44

jet, di-jet and multi-particle correlation with various conditions
Jet , Trig.

Jet , Trig.
8

Jet , Trig.

77632547686543543118221

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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200GeV Au+Au

real photon v2 and external conversion photon v20-20%

20-40%PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

40-60%

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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200GeV Au+Au

Inclusive photon v2 and 0 v20-20%

20-40%PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

40-60%

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

47

200GeV Au+Au

Inclusive photon v2 and decay photon v2
0-20%

20-40%PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

40-60%

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

48

200GeV Au+Au

direct photon v2
0-20%

20-40%PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

40-60%

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba490, ginclusive, gdirect v2200GeV Au+Au (min. bias)
arXiv:1105.NNNN

similar to hadron v2 at low pTmuch smaller v2 at high pT

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, FranceShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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Au+Au 30-35%

V. S. Pantuev
arXiv:1105.4033v1

Holopainen, Räsänen, Eskola
arXiv:1104.5371v1

PHENIX Flow talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 24, Annecy, France

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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