II 防災体 制 The Disaster Management SystemChapter

4 災害発生時の対応❶災害応急対策の概要
災害発生時には、救助・救急、医療等多岐にわたる応急活動を効果的に実施するため、国や地方公共団体は、災害・被害情報の収集・連絡及び通信の確保を迅速に行います。これらの情報を基に、被災地の市町村や都道府県では、災害対策本部を設置するなど、応急活動体制を確立します。国においては、
内閣情報集約センターにおいて24時間体制で災害情報の収集を行うとともに、大規模な災害が発生した時には、関係省庁の局長級からなる緊急参集チームが総理官邸内の危機管理センターに参集し、災害状況を把握・分析した上で、内閣総理大臣に報告し、必要に応じ関係閣僚会議や関係省庁災害対策会議を開催します。また、被害状況に応じ、非常災害対策本部（本部長は防災担当大臣）や緊急災害対策本部（本部長は内閣総理大臣）を設置し、災害応急対策方針の決定、各機関が実施する災害応急対策の総合調整などを行います。さらに、被災地の状況を把握するため防災担当大臣等を団長とする政府調査団を派遣したり、災害応急対策の総合調整を現地において機動的かつ迅速に処理する必要がある場合には、国の現地対策本部を設置することもあります。
❷広域応援体制と国による物資支援
地方公共団体の対応能力を超える大規模な災害の場合、警察庁（警察災害派遣隊）、消防庁（緊急消防援助隊）、海上保安庁、国土交通省（TEC-FORCE）、さらには都道府県知事等の要請に基づく自衛隊の災害派遣により、広域的な応援が実施されるほか、ＤＭＡＴ（災害派遣医療チーム）なども派遣し、重傷患者を自衛隊機により被災地外の病院へ搬送し救命する
広域医療搬送も実施されます。
また、国による物資支援として、被災した地方公共団体からの具体的な要請を待たずに、被災者の命と生活環境に不可欠な必需品を国が調達し、プッシュ型支援にて被災地に緊急輸送します。

10

Emergency Response to Disasters
1. Outline of Disaster Emergency Response
In the event of a disaster, the national and local governments quickly
collect and share disaster and damage information, and securecommunications to carry out effective emergency activities such as
emergency rescue and medical operations. Based on suchinformation, local governments set up disaster management
headquarters and related organizations establish their own operation
mechanisms. The national government collects disaster information at
the Cabinet Information Collection Center 24 hours a day. When alarge-scale disaster strikes, an emergency team composed of thedirectors-general of the respective ministries and agencies gathers
immediately at the Crisis Management Center in the Prime Minister's
Official Residence to grasp and analyze the disaster situation, andreport the results to the Prime Minister. Disaster Management
meetings at the ministerial or high-ranking senior official level are held,as necessary. According to the level of damage, the government may
establish the Headquarters for Major Disaster Management (headedby the Minister of State for Disaster Management) or the Extreme
Disaster Management Headquarters (headed by the Prime Minister), toestablish the policies for the disaster countermeasures, and tocoordinate various emergency measures to be taken by variousorganizations. Further, in order to grasp the situation in the disasterarea, a government investigation team headed by the Minister of State
for Disaster Management may be dispatched, or if quick and swift
actions are needed to be taken with overall coordination of emergency
activities on site, the government may establish the onsite
headquarters for disaster management.

2. Regional Support System and Relief Goods from the Government
In case of large-scale disasters that exceed the response capacitiesof the affected local government, various wide-area support
mechanisms are mobilized by the National Police Agency (DisasterResponse Units), Fire and Disaster Management Agency (Emergency
Fire Response Teams), and Japan Coast Guard. Furthermore, theSelf-Defense Forces can be dispatched for emergency response
activities upon request from the governor of the affected prefecture.
Also, personnel such as Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) aredispatched to provide wide-area medical services. These teams
transport severely injured persons via Self-Defense Forces vehicles
and aircrafts to hospitals outside the disaster-stricken zone.
In addition, the government provides relief goods without awaiting
specific requests from affected municipalities. These basic necessities
for the affected citizens’ lives and living environment are procured by
the government and delivered via emergency transportation to theaffected areas in a “push-mode” support system.

防災担当大臣による現地視察

熊本県関係省庁連絡会議

Visit to the affected area by the Minister of State for Disaster Management

Liaison meeting of relevant ministries and agencies of Kumamoto Prefecture災害発生時における政府の応急対応
Government Disaster Response Mechanism
於： 内閣府

災害情報の受信・連絡

Cabinet Oﬃce

● 24時間体制
24-hour system

緊急参集チーム（関係省庁局長級）による事態把握、初動対処集約・調整等● 非常参集要員及び各省庁に一斉連絡

Simultaneous assembly call to the designatedemergency response teams, ministries and agencies

Analysis of damage situation, coordination of emergency response measuresby the emergency meeting team (director-class personnel from relevant ministries and agencies)

要員参集
Assemble
emergency
response teamCollect information (disaster situation, response operations)●●

被害状況、対応状況等の情報収集・集約（内閣官房及び関係省庁連絡員と協力して）Collect and analyze information regarding damage and response operations(cooperate with Cabinet Secretariat and relevant ministries and agencies)

Collection and compilation of informationfrom government and public organizations

概括的な被害情報として Comprehensive damage information:
・地震防災情報システム（DIS）（内閣府）

政府内の情報配信・共有

・画像情報（ヘリコプター等）

関係省庁、公共機関の情報収集・集約

Disaster Information System (DIS) (Cabinet Oﬃce)

Information distribution and sharing withingovernment organizations●Prime Ministerʼs Oﬃce

Large-scale
DisasterDisaster information collection and transmission

情報収集（被害状況、対応状況）

於： 官邸

災害発生

Visual information (helicopters, etc.)

・関係省庁、公共機関の第一次情報

内閣府調査チーム派遣

等

Initial information from related ministries and agencies and public organizations

Dispatch of the Cabinet Office’s Investigation Committee

当面、本部設置は必要ない状況
No immediate need toestablish headquarters

被害規模の把握
Analysis of scale of damage

本部設置を協議すべき状況
Need to discuss for establishing headquarters関係閣僚緊急会議による対処方針協議
Consultation by related cabinet members

臨時閣議による本部設置
Setting up Headquarters by the Extraordinary Cabinet Meeting

情報集約及び応急対策調整
Information collection and emergency
operations coordination● 関係省庁

災害対策会議の開催
Inter-ministerial meeting● 各省庁応急対策の調整
Coordination of emergency
operations by each ministry● 政府調査団派遣の調整
Dispatch of government
investigation team

● 現地災害対策室の運営 等
Administration of on-site
disaster management oﬃce

非常災害対策本部設置
Establishment of Major Disaster
Management Headquarters

本部長：内閣府特命担当大臣（防災）

Establishment of Extreme Disaster
Management Headquarters

Chief: Minister of State for Disaster Management

設置場所：内閣府Location: Cabinet Oﬃce

事務局：内閣府

Secretariat: Cabinet Oﬃce

本部の運営

本部長：内閣総理大臣
Chief: Prime Minister

設置場所：官邸
Location: Prime Ministerʼs Oﬃce

事務局：官邸及び内閣府

Management of headquarters

Secretariat: Prime Ministerʼs Oﬃce and Cabinet Oﬃce

・各省庁の対策とりまとめ、総合調整

本部の運営

Coordination of emergency
operations by each ministry

・政府調査団派遣の調整
Dispatch of government
investigation team

・現地対策本部の運営 等
Administration of on-site disastermanagement headquarters etc.

緊急消防援助隊の救助活動

緊急災害対策本部設置

被災地へ出場中の緊急消防援助隊（東日本大震災・宮城県気仙沼市）（東日本大震災・岩手県大槌町）

Rescue activity by Emergency Fire Response Team(at GEJE, Kesennuma, Miyagi)

Emergency Fire Response Team heading to
the affected areas (at GEJE, Otsuchi, Iwate)

Management of headquarters

・各省庁の対策とりまとめ、総合調整
Coordination of emergency operations byeach ministry

・政府調査団派遣の調整
Dispatch of government investigation team

・現地対策本部の運営 等
Administration of on-site disastermanagement headquarters etc.

御嶽山噴火災害における救助活動
写真提供：防衛省提供
Rescue activity at Ontake volcano eruption
Photo:Ministry of Defense

TEC FORCEの活動状況（令和2年7月豪雨）
写真提供：国土交通省提供
Activity of TEC-FORCE (Heavy Rain Event on July 2020)
Photo: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism11

II 防災体 制 The Disaster Management SystemChapter❸災害発生時の国及び地方公共団体の連携システム

3. System for coordinating activities
between the national government and local public entities

災害が発生した場合、住民に最も身近な行政主体として市In the event of a disaster occurring, municipalities will primarily beengaged in emergency countermeasures as they are the closest toresidents. Prefectural administration will get involved when thecomprehensive wider-area measures are necessary. In the event of alarge-scale disaster beyond the capability of local public entities struckby the disaster, national government will step in to support the localentity and coordinate mutual support among the local entities. At thenational level, the Extreme Disaster Management Headquarters or theMajor Disaster Management Headquarters is set up to promptly collectthe disaster information from relevant ministries and local publicentities struck by the disaster, and overall coordination is provided forrescue, first aid, medical and emergency supplies as necessary andappropriate. Also, an on-site disaster management headquarters may
be set up to promptly coordinate among the affected local entities andcollect information and requests from relevant prefectures and toproperly conduct the emergency response activities in consideration to
the needs for the affected people.
The on-site disaster management headquarters were set up in theaffected areas in such cases as the Great East Japan Earthquake in2011, the heavy winter snowfall in 2014, the heavy rains in August
2014, and the Mt. Ontake eruption in 2014. Through joint meetings
held in collaboration with the disaster response headquartersorganized by the local entities in the affected areas, the national
government and the local entities coordinate based on their sharedawareness to serve as the government’s closest one-stop contact
point for requests from the affected local entities. As such, the role ofthe on-site disaster management headquarters is increasing its
importance.

町村が災害応急対策に当たり、都道府県は広域にわたり総合的な対応を必要とする事案の対処に当たります。また、被災地方公共団体の対応能力を超えるような大規模災害の場合には、国による応援や地方公共団体間の相互 応援を行います。国においては、緊急災害対策本部又は非常災害対策本部を設置し、関係省庁や被災地方公共団体から被害情報等の収集を迅速に行うとともに、被害状況等に応じて救助・救急活動、医療活動、支援物資の調達・輸送などの災害応急対策の総合調整等を行います。また、必要に応じ被災地に現地対策本部を設置することにより、被災地方公共団体との連絡調整、被災地の情 報 及び支 援 要 望の収 集等を行い、被災者のニーズを踏まえた災害応急対策を的確かつ迅速に行います。
現地対策本部は、平成23年東日本大震災、平成26年豪雪、平成26年8月豪雨、平成26年御嶽山噴火の発生時などにおいて被災地に設置されました。被災地方公共団体の災害対策本部との合同会議等により、国と地方公共団体が共通認識の下、連携するとともに、被災地方公共団体の要望等に対する政府の身近なワンストップ窓口として機能するなど、その役割は重要性を増しています。

災害発生時の国及び地方公共団体の連携システムについて（東日本大震災の場合）
Coordination System between National and Local Governments (in the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake)
東日本大震災における緊急災害対策本部と各県の連絡・調整体制
Communication and coordination system between Extreme Disaster Management Headquarters and each prefecture during the Great East Japan Earthquake

緊急災害対策本部（官邸）

各省庁（地方支分部局、自衛隊等）

Extreme Disaster Management Headquarters (Prime Minister’s Office)●本部長：内閣総理大臣 Chief: Prime Minister●副本部長：官房長官・総務大臣・防衛大臣・防災担当大臣

最大約300名

Ministries and Agencies (Regional branch oﬃces andbureaus, Self-Defense Forces etc.)

300 staﬀ (maximum)

Deputy Chief: Chief Cabinet Secretary, Minister for Internal Aﬀairs and Communications, Minister ofDefense, Minister of State for Disaster Management●被災者生活支援チーム（内閣府）
Support Team for Livelihood of Disaster Victims (Cabinet Oﬃce)●事務局：内閣府等 Secretariat: Cabinet Oﬃce etc.

（最大約100名）
100 staﬀ (maximum)

各省庁を経由した連絡・調整ルート
Contact and coordination throughMinistries and Agencies

緊急災害現地対策本部On-site Headquarters for Extreme Disaster Management●現地対策本部（宮城） On-site Headquarters (Miyagi Pref.)
本部長：副大臣 Chief: State Minister of Cabinet Oﬃce for Disaster Management●岩手現地連絡対策室 On-site Contact Oﬃce (Iwate Pref.)
室長：副大臣 Chief: State Minister of Cabinet Oﬃce for Disaster Management（最大約60名）
60 staﬀ (maximum)（最大約25名）
25 staﬀ (maximum)

現対本部を経由した連絡・調整ルート
Contact and coordination
through On-siteHeadquarters

都道府県災害対策本部
Prefectural Disaster Management
Headquarters

宮城県災害対策本部
Miyagi岩手県災害対策本部
Iwate●福島現地連絡対策室 On-site Contact Oﬃce (Fukushima Pref.)
室長：政務官 Chief: Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Disaster Management12（最大約25名）
25 staﬀ (maximum)

福島県災害対策本部
Fukushima