Center for Global Environmental ResearchObjective of Establishing GIO

The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Oﬃce of Japan (GIO) was established in July 2002 at the Center for Global

Environmental Research (CGER), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) for the purpose ofcompiling annual greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, to conduct related research, and to execute related tasks
such as international correspondence.

Main tasks of GIO- Preparing annual national GHG inventory［Domesticactivities］ - Providing support and assistance for the technical review of the national GHG inventory of Japan- Providing support and assistance for inventory related political actions such as the Committee
for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods［International - Convening the Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA)
activities］ - Contributing to the technical review of national GHG inventories of other Parties

What kinds of GHGs?

From where? How much is emitted?

What is a GHG Inventory?

Greenhouse Gas Inventory

An emission inventory is an accounting of theamount of emissions of speciﬁc substances (suchas air polluting substances and harmfulchemicals) during a certain period of time. ANID

greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is such anemission inventory. It reports the amount ofemissions and removals of GHGs that cause

global warming such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), bysources and sinks.

Fig. 1 Image of Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Table 1 Main GHG emission sources/ removel sinks
GHGs
SectorCarbon dioxide(CO₂)

Methane(CH₄)

EnergyFuel combustion

IPPU*¹

Cement production,
Lime production

In GHG inventories, the emissions of each gas

are calculated for each sector and category (seeTable 1), based on statistics rather than actual

measurement data, as shown in Figure 2. Theseestimates are summarized in the Common

emission estimates and estimation methods

LULUCF*²

Document (NID), will constitute the oﬃcial

Waste

documented in the National GHG Inventory
national GHG inventory.

Under the Paris Agreement, all parties shallperiodically compile and submit national GHG
inventories to the United Nations (UN).

Fugitive emissions
from fuel,
Fuel combustion

Fuel combustion,
Fugitive emissions
from fuelChemical industry,

Chemical industry,
Semiconductor/
Liquid crystal
manufacturing

Metal industry

Agricultural soils,
Manure management

Removals by biomass Emissions from organic
growth in forests
soils

Emissions from N
mineralization
associated with lossof soil organic matter

Solid waste disposal,
Wastewater treatment,
Composting,Waste incineration

Waste incineration

F-gases *³

Refrigeration, Air
conditioning equipment,
Foam blowing,
Semiconductor/ Liquid
crystal manufacturing,
Solvents

Rice cultivation (paddyﬁelds),
Enteric fermentation oflivestock,
Manure management

Liming,Agriculture Urea application

Reporting Tables (CRT), which, together with

Nitrous oxide(N₂O)

Wastewater treatment,
Waste incineration,
Composting*1: Industrial processes and product use*2: Land use, land-use change and forestry*3: Hydroﬂuorocarbons (HFCs), Perﬂuorocarbons (PFCs), Sulfur hexaﬂuoride (SF₆), Nitrogen triﬂuoride (NF₃)

Fig. 2 General estimation method

Emissions＝Activity
Data×

Emission
Factors×

From statistics, etc. From research studies

GlobalWarming
Potentials
From IPCC reports

The emissions of each GHG are converted to CO₂ equivalent by multiplying the emissions of each gas by theirrespective global warming potential values (GWP values). GWP values are the degree to which each GHG
contributes to global warming, expressed as a ratio to the global warming eﬀect of CO₂.

Institutional arrangement for the GHG Inventory preparation
G I O develops Japanʼ s national G H G inventory i ncooperation with private consultant companies under aUN

contract with the Ministry of the Environment (Figure 3).
Before compiling the GHG inventory, GIO collects datafrom relevant ministries, agencies and organizations toestimate emissions and removals. Based on these data

together with other data from statistical publications, GIO
then compiles the GHG inventory.

This compiled GHG inventory is annually submitted tothe UN from the Ministry of the Environment. This GHG
inventory serves as the ofﬁcial data reported
internationally.

"Japanʼ s National GHG Emissions in Fiscal Year 2022"

shown below is the output of GIOʼ s GHG inventory
compilation work.

Submission ofGHG Inventory

Request for Data

Ministry of the Environment
Submission of thedraft GHG Inventory

Relevant Ministries/
Agencies
Relevant Organizations

Request forInventory preparation

Data provision

NIES/ESD/CGER/GIO
Preparation support

Private Consultant Companies
Fig. 3 Japan's institutional arrangement for the national GHG
inventory preparation

Japanʼs National Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Fiscal Year 2022

Japanʼ s GHG emissions and removals in ﬁscal year* (FY) 2022 were 1,085 million tonnes of carbon dioxide

1,400
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

Reduction target for FY2030
Compared to FY2013 : -46.0%*

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

Emissions [Mt CO2 eq.]

equivalents (Mt CO eq.) . (Emissions: 1,135 Mt CO₂ eq. (Figure 4), Removals: 50.2 Mt CO₂ eq.)
The emissions decreased by 2.5% (28.6 Mt CO₂ eq.) compared to FY2021. The main factor for the decrease is thereduced energy consumption resulting from a decrease in electricity generation and iron and steel production.
The emissions decreased by 19.3% (271.9 Mt CO eq.) compared to FY2013. The two main factors for thedecrease are the reduced energy consumption (due to improved energy conservation, etc.) and the decrease inCO₂ emissions from electricity production due to the wider use of low-carbon electricity (wider adoption ofrenewable energy and resumption of nuclear power plant operations).
Additionally, the emissions of hydroﬂuorocarbons (HFCs) that had been increasing every year since 2004 turneddownward.
*Japanʼ s ﬁscal year runs from April 1 to March 31.

NF₃
SF₆PFCsHFCs
N₂O
CH₄
CO₂

[Fiscal year]*Reference :The Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (Cabinet approved on October 22, 2021)

Fig. 4

Trends in GHG Emissions (FY1990-2022)

International Cooperation and Supporting Activities of GIO (WGIA)
Since 2003, the Ministry of the Environment ofJapan and GIO have organized the Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA) to improve GHG
inventories in Asia.

Left : WGIA20（26-29 June 2023, in Tomakomai Japan）
Right : The Report published as a CGER-REPORT

Activity History of GIO
July,

2002 - Establishment of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Oﬃce of Japan/ CGER/ NIES

August,2002 - Submitted National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Submitted every year since 2002)

November,

2003 - Convened First Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia Region (WGIA1), Phuket, Thailand

February,

2005 - Convened Second Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia Region (WGIA2), Shanghai, China

February,

2006 - Convened the 3rd Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia Region (WGIA3), Manila, Philippines

August,2006 - Submitted the Initial Report under Article 7.4 of the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFebruary

2007 - Contributed to the In-country Review of the Initial Report under the Kyoto Protocol and 2006 Inventory
Submission of Japan Organized by the UNFebruary,

2007 - Convened the 4th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA4), Jakarta, Indonesia

September,2007 - Convened the 5th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA5), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

July,

2008 - Convened the 6th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA6), Tsukuba, Japan (NIES)

July,

2008 - Convened the “Open Symposium on the Estimation of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions - How to
Estimate the Emissions in the Commitment Period” Tokyo, Japan

October,

2008 - Convened the Korea and Japan Joint Workshop on GHGs Management, Seoul, Republic of Korea

July,

2009 - Convened the 7th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA7), Seoul, Korea

July,

2010 - Convened the 8th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA8), Vientiane, Lao P.D.R.

November,2010 - Convened the Korea and Japan GHG Invntory Meeting, Seoul, Korea

July,

2011 - Convened the 9th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA9), Phnom Penh, Cambodia

July,2012 - Convened the 10th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA10), Hanoi, VietnamJuly,

2013 - Convened the 11th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA11), Tsukuba, Japan

August,2014 - Convened the 12th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA12), Bangkok, Thailand

August,2015 - Convened the 13th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA13), Bali, Indonesia

July,

2016 - Convened the 14th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA14), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

July,2017 - Convened the 15th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA15), Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

July,2018 - Convened the 16th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA16), New Delhi, India

July,

2019 - Convened the 17th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA17), Singapore

July,2020 - Convened the Mutual Learning on GHG Inventories in 2020, online

July,2021 - Convened the 18th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA18), online

July,2022 - Convened the 19th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA19), online

June,2023 - Convened the 20th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA20), Tomakomai, JapanApril,

2024 - Submitted National GHG Inventories (FY1990 to FY2022) to the UN

Contact us・Website

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Oﬃce of JAPAN (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
Earth System Division (ESD)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506 JAPANE-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
Website: https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html

June, 2024