ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATIONPICKLED AND OILED COIL
STRUCTURAL STEELTOKYO STEELMANUFACTURING CO., LTD.
started out as a small steel makerin Tokyo almost 80 years ago. It
has since grown into Japan’s
leading electric-arc-furnacesteelmaker with an annual
production of several million tons.
Tokyo Steel prides itself as arecycler of steel scrap - its primary
raw material - letting it protect theenvironment and thus contribute tosociety. Recycling of steel productswith the electric arc furnace
process is truly the most effective
in terms of achieving a recyclingbased society and low-carbon
society at the same time. To
contribute to Japan’s target of
reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions by 80% by 2050 while
making advanced use of steel
scrap that, in aggregate, amounts
to several decades’ worth ofdomestic steel demand, Tokyo
Steel will work, with strong
determination, to provide evenmore diverse customers with awide range of products.

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025
ISO21930:2017

EPD PROGRAM AND PROGRAM OPERATOR
NAME, ADDRESS, LOGO, AND WEBSITE
GENERAL PROGRAM
INSTRUCTIONS AND VERSIONUL Solutions
333 Pfingsten Rd, Northbrook IL, 60062

MANUFACTURER NAME AND ADDRESSTokyo Steel Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
Kasumigaseki Tokyu Bldg. 15F
3-7-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0013 Japan

DECLARATION NUMBER

4789397210.101.1

DECLARED PRODUCT &FUNCTIONAL UNIT OR DECLARED UNITREFERENCE PCR AND VERSION NUMBER

www.ul.com
www.spot.ul.com

Program Operator Rules v 2.7 2022

Pickled and Oiled Coil Structural Steel, 1 metric ton
Product Category Rules for Building-Related Products and Services, Part A: Life Cycle Assessment
Calculation Rules and Report Requirements, UL Environment, Standard 10010, Version 4.0
Part B: Designated Steel Construction Product EPD Requirements Second Edition, Dated August
26, 2020)

DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT APPLICATION/USE

Structural steel “Pickled and Oiled Coil” is mostly used in buildings and civil works, mainly in
structural steel constructions. In addition to the construction sector there are numerous applications
in very diverse sectors.

PRODUCT RSL DESCRIPTION (IF APPL.)The Reference service life is not specified

MARKETS OF APPLICABILITYJapan

DATE OF ISSUE

January 1, 2024

PERIOD OF VALIDITY

5 Years

EPD TYPE

Manufacturer Specific

EPD SCOPE

Cradle to gate

YEAR(S) OF REPORTED PRIMARY DATA

April 2021 and March 2022

LCA SOFTWARE & VERSION NUMBER

Microsoft Excel calculation tool with IDEA database

LCI DATABASE(S) & VERSION NUMBER

IDEAv3.1 database (2021)

LCIA METHODOLOGY & VERSION NUMBER

LIME2

The PCR review was conducted by

UL Solutions – PCR Review Panel – epd@ul.com

This declaration was independently verified in accordance with ISO 14025: 2006.
□ INTERNAL☐ EXTERNAL

Cooper McCollum, UL Solutions

This life cycle assessment was independently verified in accordance with ISO 14044
and the reference PCR by:
James Mellentine, Thrive ESG
LIMITATIONS

Exclusions: EPDs do not indicate that any environmental or social performance benchmarks are met, and there may be impacts that they do not encompass.
LCAs do not typically address the site-specific environmental impacts of raw material extraction, nor are they meant to assess human health toxicity. EPDs cancomplement but cannot replace tools and certifications that are designed to address these impacts and/or set performance thresholds – e.g. Type 1 certifications,health assessments and declarations, environmental impact assessments, etc.
Accuracy of Results: EPDs regularly rely on estimations of impacts; the level of accuracy in estimation of effect differs for any particular product line and reported
impact.
Comparability: comparison of the environmental performance of construction works and construction products using EPD information shall be based on the
product’s use and impacts at the construction works level. In general, EPDs may not be used for comparability purposes when not considered in a construction
works context.

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

Product information
Product description
The product declared is structural steel “Pickled and Oiled Coil”. The
production process used is the Electric Arc Furnace. This route, used by
TOKYO STEEL for the production of structural steel, is based on the direct
melting of scrap with an Electric Arc Furnace, which is subsequently
processed in rolling mills in order to obtain the finished products. The steel
section is hot rolled into structural steel in coils, through pickling processes.
No metallic or organic coating.
The product is provided for Japan market and complies with JIS G 3136, JIS
G 3106, JIS G 3101, JIS G 3113, JIS G 3125, JIS G 3132, JIS G 3131
(Regional designation code: JIS).
Application
Structural steel “Pickled and Oiled Coil” is mostly used in buildings and civil works, mainly in structural steel
constructions. In addition to the construction sector there are numerous applications in very diverse sectors.
No specifi product is needed to serve intended function in the construction work. Anticipated replacement cycle ofproduct in the construction work will be about 20 years.
Technical data
Name

Density
Modulus of elasticity
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Thermal conductivity
Melting point
Electrical conductivity at 20C
Minimum yield strength
Minimum tensile strength
Minimum elongation
Tensile strength
Compressive strength
Grade of material according to the delivery standards

Value

Unit

7,874
2.1×105
11.7
48
1,526
1.0×107
175
300
17
350
300
SPHC

kg/m3
N/mm2
10-6K-1
W/(mK)°C
Ω-1m-1
N/mm2
N/mm2
%
N/mm2
N/mm2
-

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

Delivery status
The delivery conditions and dimension may vary according to the intended application.
Base materials / Ancillary materials
Structural steel “Pickled and Oiled Coil” is a low-alloy steel product. The typical content of carbon is lower than 0.3%.
The share of other elements besides iron is typically below 1%. Steel scrap is a secondary raw material, defined indifferent qualities, depending on the composition (Fe content) and certain characteristics (plate, section steel,galvanized sheets, etc.).
The principal material is Steel and alloying elements are added on the form of ferroalloys and metals.
Any hazardous substances defined in Basel Convention and/or regulated by Japanese laws are not included in raw
materials.
Manufacture
The steel scrap is melted in an electric arc furnace to obtain liquid steel, which is then refined in a ladle furnace withaddition of ferroalloys and metals to obtain the required steel characteristics. The steel is then casted at a continuous
caster to obtain semi-finished products. The semis are then rolled to the desired size at Tahara Plant. Then Hot Rolled
Coil is shipped to Okayama Plant
TOKYO STEEL MFG produces the structural steel “Pickled and Oiled Coil”, through pickling processes.

Factory

Address

TOKYO STEEL MFG
Tahara Plant

2-1-3, Shirahama,Tahara-shi, Aichi 441-3436, JapanTOKYO STEEL MFG
Okayama Plant

4-1-1, Minamise, Kurashiki-shi, Okayamai 712-8055, Japan

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

Manufacturing process flow

According to ISO 14025

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

Quality Management System
TOKYO STEEL MFG Tahara Plant and Okayama Plant are certified according to ISO9001 Quality Management
System.
More information can be found athttps://www.tokyosteel.co.jp/company/about/Environment and Health during manufacturing
TOKYO STEEL MFG Tahara Plant and Okayama Plant are certified according to ISO14001 Environment Management
System.
More information can be found athttps://www.tokyosteel.co.jp/company/about/
Product processing/Installation
Processing and proper use of steel products depends on the application and should be made in accordance withgenerally accepted practices, standards and manufacturers recommendations. National technical regulations apply tothe design and construction of steel structures. They deal with requirements for performance, sustainability, durability
and fire resistance of steel and steel structures.
When handling and using the products, no additional means to protect health are required beyond the usual
occupational safety measures.
No environmental impacts occur when working with or using these products under normal conditions of use. No
special measures are necessary for the protection of the environment.
Residual materials are separated for in-house recycling. The steel scrap can be recycled almost completely.
Packaging
Structural steel “Pickled and Oiled Coil” is delivered with packaging paper materials to prevent rust.
Condition of use
During use no changes in material composition shall occur. Maintenance requirement will depend on specific design
and application.
Environment and health during use
Steel products, under normal conditions of use, do not cause adverse health effects.

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

If the steel products are used according to their intended use, under normal conditions, there will be no significant
environmental impact to water, air/atmosphere and soil.

Reference service life
The Reference service life is not specified. This LCA study covers only Module A1 to A3 and there are many different
applications.
Extraordinary effect
Fire: Structural steels are classified as incombustible materials according to Notification No. 1400 by Ministry ofConstruction Japan
Water: Not relevant
Mechanical destruction: Not relevant
Re-use phase
Pickled and Oiled Coil can be reused after its recovery, in particular when steel constructions are properly designed tofacilitate disassembly and re-use at the end of their useful lives.
Steel is 100% recyclable and scrap can be converted to the same (or higher or lower) quality of steel depending upon
the metallurgy and processing of the recycling route.
Disposal
Due to its high value as a resource, steel scrap is not disposed of, but instead in a well-established cycle fed to reuseor recycling. Disposal is not included in the study.
The disposal pathway in Japan: Recycling (99%), Landfill (1%), Incineration (0%)
Waste code according to Basel convention is
A1010: Metal wastes
And Waste classification according to Japanese national law “Waste Management Law” isIndustrial Waste: 1210 Steel scrap
Industrial Waste shall be collected by a licensed collector.
Further information
Additional information can be obtained from http://www.tokyosteel.co.jp/

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

LCA Rules
Declared unit
Name
Declared unit

Value

Unit

1

metric ton

Density

7,874

kg/m3

Conversion factor to 1kg

0.001

-

Thickness

1.5 - 6.0mm

System boundary
BENEFITS
AND LOADSBEYOND THE
SYSTEM
BOUNDARYS

Transport

Manufacturing

Transport from the gate to thesite

Assembly

Use

MaintenanceRepairReplacement

Refurbishment

Operational energy use

Operational water use

De-construction demolition

Transport

Waste processing

DisposalReuse-RecoveryRecycling-potential

END OF LIFE STAGE

Raw material supply

PRODUCT STAGE

CONSTRUCTION PROCESSUSE STAGE
STAGE

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

C1

C2

C3

C4

D

X

X

X

MND

MND MND MND MND MND MND MND

MND MND MND MND MND

MNDThis is an EPD based on a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment. The selected system boundaries of this study
encompass the following steps and this LCA study is not comparative assertion.
A1: Production of raw materials and energy
A2: Transport of resources to the production site
A3: Production of the productNo known flows are deliberately excluded from this EPD except for packaging which was demonstrated to be below
the cut-off threshold.
Capital goods and infrastructure flows are excluded from the product system boundary.
Estimates and Assumptions

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

Regarding the transportation of materials, steel scraps is collected within 75km of the plant. The distance oftransportation was set as 75km. Assumed Coal coke would be transported from Melbourne port to Tokyo port becauseof the largest exporting country Australia.
IDEA database provides the data from every electricity power company. Tokyo Steel is using the data from specificelectric power company which they are using. https://www.chuden.co.jp/english/
Slag is recycled mainly for base layer of roads. Slag is considered as remiderflow in this study and the transportation
for recycling is not considered in this study.
Cut-off rules
Regarding the transportation of resources, the transportations of primary materials (Steel scrap, Coal coke, Calciumoxide) have been considered. However, the transportations of other resources (1% of total resources) were ignored.
And the impact of paper packaging materials was also ignored.
The impacts of these cut-off were reviewed in the section of Interpretation.
Except the above cut-off, all information from the data collection process has been considered, covering all used andregistered materials, thermal energy, electrical energy and diesel consumption.
The cut-off criteria is 1% or less of mass, energy, and environmental impact and this aligns with ISO 21930.
Background Data
Principally the inventory data include material, energy, auxiliary, water consumption (foreground data). The foregrounddata are derived from Tahara Plant and Okayama Plant.
Further, LCA data sets (background data) linked to the foreground data of various stages of the life cycle (cradle togate) were obtained from IDEAv3.1 database (2021).
Steel scrap is assumed to reach end of waste following a sorting and shredding process that takes place at demolition
sites or waste processing facilities.
Data quality
All foreground data were collected at Tahara Plant and Okayama Plant Between April 2021 and March 2022 (One year
average data).
Background data were used from IDEAv3.1 database (The data version is 2021).
Allocation
The manufacturing process generates by-products, Slag and internal circulation waste. All internal circulation wastes
outputs (scrap) are input to this main product.
Most of energy as Electrictiy, Gas was measured at individual meter at each line. So there is no energy allocation
except industrial water. Only industrial water volume was measured at a factory level so the industrial water volume

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

was allocated based on the product manufacturing mass volume.

Comparability
Basically, a comparison or an evaluation of EPD data is only possible if all the data sets to be compared were createdaccording to ISO 21930 and the building context, respectively the product-specific characteristics of performance, aretaken into account.

Life Cycle Assessment Results
LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds,
safety margins or risks.
Environment Impact (Assessment Method: LIME2)
Impact Category

Units

Total

A1

A2

A3

Global warming (GWP)

kg-CO2eq

7.26E+02

1.63E+02

2.64E+01

5.37E+02

Acidification (AP)kg-SO2eq

1.28E+00

1.66E-01

3.37E-01

7.76E-01

Eutrophication (EP)kgPO43-eq

1.97E-02

1.45E-02

1.16E-04

5.16E-03

Ozone depletion (ODP)

kg-CFC-11eq

2.10E-04

1.98E-05

2.87E-10

1.90E-04

Photo Chemical Ozone Creation (POCP)

kg-C2H4eq

2.60E-02

8.99E-03

5.60E-03

1.14E-02

Comparability: Comparisons cannot be made between product-specific or industry average EPDs at the design stageof a project, before a building has been specified. Comparisons may be made between product-specific or industry
average EPDs at the time of product purchase when product performance and specifications have been establishedand serve as a functional unit for comparison. Environmental impact results shall be converted to a functional unit
basis before any comparison is attempted.
Any comparison of EPDs shall be subject to the requirements of ISO 21930. EPDs are not comparative assertions andare either not comparable or have limited comparability when they have different system boundaries, are based on
different product category rules or are missing relevant environmental impacts. Such comparison can be inaccurate,and could lead to erroneous selection of materials or products which are higher-impact, at least in some impact
categories.
Carbon dioxide emissions and removals from biogenic sources, carbonation, and combustion of waste are not relevantto this product system and were not included in the calculation of GWP.
Resource Use
Parameter

Units

Total

A1

A2

A3

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

Renewable primary resources used as energy carrier

MJ

6.21E+02

3.60E+02

7.43E-03

2.61E+02

Renewable primary resources with energy content used as material

MJ

-

-

-

-

Non-renewable primary resources used as an energy carrier

MJ

1.21E+04

2.31E+03

4.31E+02

9.39E+03

Non-renewable primary resources with energy content used as material

MJ

-

-

-

-

Secondary materials

kg

1.28E+03

1.28E+03--

Renewable secondary fuels

MJ

-

-

-

-

Non-renewable secondary fuels

MJ

-

-

-

-

Recovered energy

MJ

-

-

-

-

Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources

MJ

1.21E+04

2.31E+03

4.31E+02

9.39E+03

Use of net fresh water resources

m3

6.84E+02

9.27E+01

7.71E-02

5.92E+02

Output Flows and Waste Categories
Parameter

Units

Total

A1

A2

A3

Hazardous waste disposedkg

2.73E+02 3.77E+01 7.38E-04 2.36E+02

Nonhazardous waste disposedkg

6.28E+01 4.95E+01 1.00E-03 1.33E+01

High-level radioactive waste, conditioned, to final repository (*)

kg

-

-

-

-

Intermediate- and low-level radioactive waste, conditioned, to final repository (*)

kg

-

-

-

-

Components for reuse

kg

-

-

-

-

Materials for recycling

kg

-

-

-

-

Materials for energy recoverykg

3.26E+02--

3.26E+02

Recovered energy exported from the product system

MJ

-

-

-

-

(*) Radioactive waste data is not available in IDEA database.

Carbon Emissions

Interpretation
CompletenessParameter

Units

Total

A1

A2

A3

Calcination Carbon Emissions

kg-CO2

4.12E+01

4.12E+01--

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

Regarding the transportation of resources, the transportations of 1% resources (1% of total resources) were ignored.
The impacts at the A2 transportation stage are below. If average 1% of impact at A2 transportation stage will be
added, 0.04% of GWP, 0.26% of AP and 0.22% of POCP could be increased.

Environment Impact (Assessment Method: LIME2)
Impact Category

Units

A1-A3

A2

A2 impact of total

1% of A2 impact

GWP

kg-CO2eq

7.26E+02

2.64E+01

3.64%

0.04%

AP

kg-SO2eq

1.28E+00

3.37E-01

26.36%

0.26%

EP

kgPO43-eq

1.97E-02

1.16E-04

0.59%

0.01%

ODP

kg-CFC-11eq

2.10E-04

2.87E-10

0.00%

0.00%

POCP

kg-C2H4eq

2.60E-02

5.60E-03

21.54%

0.22%

0.07kg of packaging paper material is used per 1 tonne of the product. This produces 0.159 kg-CO2eq on GWP impact
category, and 0.09% of A1 GWP and 0.02% of total GWP volume. This packaging impact was ignored in this study.
Sensitivity
Proxies were used for Ferro-chromium, Ferroboron, fluxing lime, Calcium aluminate, Calcium silicon because
appropriate datasets were missing in IDEA database. If 10% of proxies impact will be added, 0.19% of GWP, 1.42% of
EP and 0.23% of POCP could be increased.

Environment Impact (Assessment Method: LIME2)
Impact Category

Units

A1-A3

Impact of proxies

10% of proxies impact

GWP

kg-CO2eq

7.26E+02

1.90%

0.19%

AP

kg-SO2eq

1.28E+00

0.95%

0.10%

EP

kgPO43-eq

1.97E-02

14.15%

1.42%

ODP

kg-CFC-11eq

2.10E-04

0.89%

0.09%

POCP

kg-C2H4eq

2.60E-02

2.31%

0.23%

Steel scrap processing impacts are based on an environmentally extended economic input/output (EEIO) data set
using the amount spent on scrap as the quantity. Since EEIO data sets are generally considered to have lower
accuracy compared to data sets based on physical flows, the EEIO data impact has been evaluated as below.

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

Environment Impact (Assessment Method: LIME2)
Impact Category

Units

A1-A3

A1

EEIO data

EEIO data in A1 EEIO data in total

GWP

kg-CO2eq

7.26E+02

1.63E+02

5.74E+01

35%

8%

AP

kg-SO2eq

1.28E+00

1.66E-01

4.49E-02

27%

4%

EP

kgPO43-eq

1.97E-02

1.45E-02

1.85E-03

13%

9%

ODP

kg-CFC-11eq

2.10E-04

1.98E-05

1.11E-05

56%

5%

POCP

kg-C2H4eq

2.60E-02

8.99E-03

5.70E-04

6%2%

Consistency
All manufacturing data was gathered with the same level of detail and all background data were sourced from IDEA
database selecting most appropriate geography.
Representativeness
There is one factory to produce Structural steel “Pickled and Oiled Coil”. So this data can be used as representative.
Limitation
LIME characteristic methodology and IDEA database are used in the study. These are specific to Japan market sothese are considered as limitations when the data will be used in other countries.
And some data are not available in IDEA database. Radioactive waste data for nuclear power plant electricity is notcovered.
Conclusion
Tokyo steel uses the Electric Arc Furnacee production process to utilize steel scrap. This process can save material
impact instead use more energy. A3 is the biggest portion in GWP.

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

GWP Impact
6.00E+02
5.00E+02
4.00E+02
3.00E+02
2.00E+02
1.00E+02
0.00E+00

A1

A2

A3

And in A3, Elecricity impact is the biggest item. So the electricity usage will be a challenge to reduce the environmental
impact.

GWP Impact (A3)
5.0.E+02
4.5.E+02
4.0.E+02
3.5.E+02
3.0.E+02
2.5.E+02
2.0.E+02
1.5.E+02
1.0.E+02
5.0.E+01
0.0.E+00

Electricity

References

Industrial
water

City gas

Other

Coke
combustion

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

According to ISO 14025

DIN EN /ISO 14025:201110: Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles
and procedures
ISO 14040:2006 - Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework
ISO 14044:2006 - Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines
ISO 21930:2017 - Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Core rules for environmental productdeclarations of construction products and services
ISO 14001:2015 - Environmental management systems -- Requirements with guidance for use
ISO 9001:2015 - Quality management systems – Requirements
JIS G 3101: Rolled steels for general structure
JIG G 3106: Rolled steels for welded structure
JIG G 3136: Rolled steels for building structure
JIS G 3113: Hot-rolled steel plates, sheet and strip for automobile structural uses
JIS G 3125: Superior atmospheric corrosion resisting rolled steels
JIS G 3132: Hot-rolled carbon steel strip for pipes and tubes
JIS G 3131: Hot-rolled mild steel plates, sheet and strip
Notification No. 1400 by Ministry of Construction Japan: Classification of incombustible materials

Product Category Rules for Building-Related Products and Services, Part A: Life Cycle Assessment Calculation Rules
and Report Requirements, UL Environment, Standard 10010, Version 4.0
Part B: Designated Steel Construction Product EPD Requirements Second Edition, Dated August 26, 2020

Pickled and Oiled Coil
Structural Steel

Secondary dataset
IDEAv3.1 database (2021).
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry

According to ISO 14025