highlights
2013
Annual Report
CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU BÂTIMENT - SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CENTER FOR BUILDINGMARNE-LA-VALLÉE

PARIS

GRENOBLE

NANTESSOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS

<iN

Every year, CSTB works closelywith many companies and particularly
small and medium sized enterprises
to assist them with the developmentof their innovations, from concept
to market.
This initiative broadens the scopeof their project.
Discover a few exemplary approaches.

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Essentiel 2013 on line, click on this icon
to view enriched contents.
www.cstb.fr

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FIN

Cover page:
LA DUCHÈRE ECO-NEIGHBORHOOD, LYON
Labeled in 2013

A C O O P E R AT I V E A P P R O A C H

HALLE PAJOL
Jourda Architectes
InnovationSCHÜCO ATEx 1918: photovoltaic glass roofs

Contents
Interviews with Bertrand Delcambre and Carole Le Gall
What we do — Our values
The Executive Committee
Highlights 2013
CSTB strategy
Supporting innovation stakeholders
1 | Energy-Environment
2 | Health-Comfort
3 | Risk mitigation
4 | Digital technologies
5 | Uses and economics transitions
Governance authorities
Organization & teams
Premises
CSTB group: subsidiaries
2013 Key figures
Sustainable development essentials

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4
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26
32
38
44
48
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1

INTERVIEWS

Ecologicaland energy
transition at theheart of CSTB
missions
BERTRAND DELCAMBRE, CSTB President
2013 will prove to have been a pivotal year between a periodof exceptional activity focused on the initial challenges set out
in the French government's environmental policy (Grenelle del’Environnement) and an increasingly clear ambition for the years
ahead as building construction and renovation projects accelerate.
The new 4-year CSTB Objectives and Performance Contract signed
recently by three government ministers puts the challenges of
ecological and energy transition clearly at the heart of our missions.
The key points of this contract focus on the quest for overallbuilding performance bound by obligations to deliver results,
support innovative stakeholders, and integrate performance inthe urban environment.
How do these objectives align with the missions of CSTB?
The quest for tangible overall performance reflects ourcommitment to developing a multi-criteria assessment of building
energy consumption that includes the grey energy required forconstruction, CO2 emissions and water consumption, amongst
other considerations. It applies to the full life of the building,from construction to demolition, and therefore involves a Life
Cycle Assessment of materials, components and structures. 2013
saw significant advances made in developing the data andresources required by stakeholders. Every aspect of this new
analytical capability will be usable from the building design
stage onwards, thanks to the Building Information Model (BIM).
The use of this digital model will deliver significant improvements
in productivity and quality, and will soon be enthusiasticallyreceived by a large number of users.

2

Trusted innovation is central to your missions...
Once again, 2013 brought with it many innovations, with morethan 1,000 assessments conducted!
A great deal of effort has been focused on making the assessment
procedure run more smoothly, thereby encouraging the industrial
innovation essential to achieving the performance challenges
faced by construction stakeholders. The development of regional
partnerships - the first of which was set up in Alsace at the endof 2013 - is a vital step towards the development of a national
support network for innovators.
Working towards the sustainable city…
The new Objectives and Performance Contract stresses the need
for CSTB to promote research across a very diverse range ofsubjects in the urban context. In 2013, we contributed to econeighborhood assessments and their first national accreditation
scheme. CSTB was also involved in the startup of the Efficacity
Institute for Urban Energy Transition as a center of excellence
for low-carbon urban energy.
International news
Its many partnerships reflect the international reach of CSTB
research, expertise and assessment services. 2013 was particularly
notable for two flagship projects. Cerway, the Certivéa and Cerqual
joint venture was launched in September with the aim ofpromoting the French vision of sustainable construction basedon the HQE scheme. CSTB was appointed during the year by central
government to organize the worldwide Solar Decathlon 2014
competition, which will culminate in late June at Versailles, whentwenty teams from sixteen countries on three continents willcomplete head-to-head!

The pivotal position occupied by CSTB in all its areas ofcompetencies gives it the unique ability to facilitate discussion
and share expertise between project owners, project managers,
construction companies and the industrial companies that
manufacture construction systems and products.
CSTB is committed to making this mutually beneficial collaboration
between professionals more effective and proactive by responding
to the specific needs of each and anticipating the future challenges
they will all have to face. The innovations implemented in 2013
illustrate the vitality of innovation in the construction businesses.
It may be only one small part of the work accomplished with ourpartners and clients, but one that nevertheless illustrates the richdiversity of these joint adventures in innovation. CSTB is proudof the support it is able to give to so many companies, from startups to major corporate groups, non-profit organizations and public
stakeholders with the development of their innovative products
and services. We must work together to accelerate this impetus
and disseminate these innovative responses on the widest-possible
scale in our response to the quantitative and qualitative challenges
posed by sustainable buildings and sustainable cities. That is our
vocation as a member of the Carnot Institute network. That is
also the focus of our new Objectives and Performance Contract
2014-2017, which was prepared in 2013 on the basis of participative
consultation with all constuction stakeholders.

CAROLE LE GALL, CSTB Chief Executive Officer

CSTB: serving
collaborative
innovation for
all construction
stakeholders
How can the CSTB support all construction professionals - bothprivate-sector and public-sector - in their innovation initiatives?
Ecological and energy transition is a structural goal for all
construction stakeholders, and one that requires a completely
new approach to design, construction and renovation. Making
the transition successfully demands entrepreneurship,commitment, transparency and collaboration between the public
and private sectors. Dialog and trust are absolutely key.

CSTB as innovator
The satisfaction of our clients and partners means that we must
invest continually in improving the quality delivered by our rangeof services: reducing lead times, raising the profile of technicaladded value, and providing long-term guarantees of the scientificand technical excellence of our services. All of these are madepossible by the expert skills of our people and our commitment
to investing in top-class research and testing facilities. We placeparticular importance on developing the multidisciplinary expertiseof our people, which is essential for expert cross-disciplinary
understanding and achievement of the challenges posed bysustainable buildings, and on developing interoperable software
packages that facilitate universal adoption of all the data
generated by the digital Building Information Model (BIM).
CSTB as collaborative network stakeholder
The satisfaction of our clients and partners also depends on strong
partnerships with our international counterparts and nationaland regional partners, which include Industrial Technical Centers,
regional technical platforms, non-profit organizations, professional
unions and industry bodies. Every year, many thousands ofresearchers and experts contribute to the collaborative initiatives
initiated and coordinated by CSTB. These initiatives deal with
scientific and practical projects, interact with each other, andhave global and regional perspectives that advance knowledge
and facilitate innovation.
Measuring, observing, simulating processes and comparing
outcomes against field data: this is the scientific and technicalhistory of a new cycle of innovation and improvement for
overall building performance; an history we are now writing incooperation with every stakeholder in the ecological and energy
transition. CSTB is here to serve. Together, we are building thefuture of construction.

3

What we do
RESEARCH: CREATING NEW KNOWLEDGE
CSTB focuses its research work on a series of priority areas. Its
systematic approach incorporates all the socio-economic
challenges of safety, health, comfort, the environment and energy
faced by buildings, neighborhoods and cities.
CSTB research forms part of the programs run by the French
Ministry for Higher Education and Research. It also organizes
and coordinates national programs and socio-economic stakeholders via EU-funded partnerships. The 2011 renewal of Carnot
accreditation in 2011 confirms the role of contractual research
as a central mission of CSTB.

EXPERTISE: PUTTING KNOWLEDGE TO WORKCSTB applies its expertise in support of public policy (in health,safety, the economy, social affairs, energy, the environment anddigital technology) and stakeholders in construction and the wider
urban environment. Based on knowledge acquired through researchand innovation assessment, its expert services are also underpinned
by a practical understanding of construction professionals and afocus on systematic cross-disciplinary approaches. CSTB contributes
to standardization and developments in construction technicalregulations at national, European and international levels.

ASSESSMENT: SUPPORTING INNOVATIONCSTB assessment of innovations provides construction stakeholders
with reliable data on component performance levels and durability(processes, materials, elements and equipment) within welldefined areas of application and conditions of use. CSTB supports
construction stakeholders by enabling the emergence of innovations,bringing them to market and ensuring their security.
At European level, CSTB acts as a technical assessment organization. It is also an authorized CE marking assessor. CSTB and its
subsidiary organizations lead the way in the certification of
products and structures. CSTB certification activities and test
laboratories are accredited by COFRAC, the French national
accreditation body.
DISSEMINATION: SHARING KNOWLEDGE
CSTB makes scientific data and information on technicalregulations accessible and directly usable through printed
documents and information services, specialist industry software,and a range of in-house and external training opportunities forcompanies. In all these ways, it contributes to knowledge sharing
for professionals; knowledge related to the challenges of building
performance across multiple criteria, changes in regulations, andthe progress with innovations.

CSTB holds ISO 9001 certification for all its activities.

Our values

4strengthen the work it does, based on its duty to protect andrespect industrial, intellectual and private property rights, and to
stand firm against inappropriate pressure of any kind.

SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL EXCELLENCEAND KNOWLEDGE SHARINGCSTB missions are based on scientific and technical issues, but takefull account of the economic, environmental and social contexts
posed by building-related challenges. As part of maintaining its
demanding standards, CSTB periodically evaluates the skills of its
people and provides them with the resources they need to develop
their knowledge.

CONFIDENTIALITYCSTB staff are bound by non-negotiable rules of confidentiality
essential for respecting its commitments to clients and maintaining
the trust-based relationship it has with them.

INTEGRITY AND TRANSPARENCY
CSTB practices are based on the identification of sources,
transparency of knowledge, clarity of methods, and strictly objective
reasoning. Cooperation, verification and validation further

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
Delivering satisfaction to its customers and partners and maintaining
mutually beneficial relationships with its suppliers are fundamental
aspects of CSTB policy.

<
ARIA,
the major researchfacility that studies
the health issues
surrounding the products
and equipmentused in construction
and structures, CSTB<>STRUCTURES TESTINGLABORATORY, CSTBCSTB PUBLICATIONS

5

The Executive Committee
The Executive Committee brings the CSTB President and Chief Executive Officer together
with all Management Committee members, the Chief Accounting Officer, all Department Managers,
Head Office and Local Office Directors and invited guests to present and discuss projects.
Whether in plenary session, in steering committee format or operations management board
committee format, its purpose is to reach decisions and discuss current issues.

Left to right: JOSÉ FONTAN | CHARLES BALOCHEYANN MONTRELAY | FLORENCE FERRY | THIERRY WAGNER

JEAN-CHRISTOPHE VISIER | ALBERT REIS | HERVÉ CHARRUE

6

PHILIPPE THERASSE | CAROLE LE GALL

JEAN-MICHEL AXESCHRISTIAN COCHET | ANNE VOELTZELMICHEL COSSAVELLA | MAXIME ROGERPATRICK NOSSENTPATRICK MORAND | JACQUES MARTINPHILIPPE PIED | BÉATRICE CROMIÈRES | CHRISTOPHE MORELDOMINIQUE POTIER | BERTRAND DELCAMBRE | DOMINIQUE NAERTEMMANUEL GIRARD | BRUNO MESUREUR | ROBERT BAROUX

7

2013

highlights

MARCH

Official opening of
the Vulcain facility

Left to right: Maud TALLET, Mayor of Champs-sur-Marne and General Councilor | Carole LE GALL, CSTB Chief Executive Officer |Bertrand DELCAMBRE, CSTB President | Isabelle THIS-SAINT-JEAN, Vice-Chair of the Île-de-France Regional Council
with responsibility for Higher Education and Research | Jean-Marc MICHEL, Head of the Directorate-General of Planning,
Housing and Natural Heritage | Vincent EBLÉ, Member of the French Senate and Chair of the General Council of Seine-et-Marne

Research partnershipwith TNO
8

Vulcain is a major research facility
investigating the fire resistance of innovative
structures. The only one of its kind in Europe,
it was officially opened by CSTB on March
26, 2013. With the capability to heat largescale structures to a temperature of 1,300°C,
Vulcain is now contributing to improving
fire safety in today's rapidly changing
construction sector. With its exceptional
size and modular design, Vulcain makes it
possible to replace the component-based
approach with a technique that can assess
the overall performance of a structure by
combining full-scale testing with simulation.
More than 230 construction professionals
attended the opening ceremony,as well as representatives of the local
and national press.

CSTB signed a research partnership agreement with TNO, the Netherlands
Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, on March 6 in Delft. The agreement
provides for collaboration between the two organizations on construction issues
such as digital modeling in the urban environment, fire safety and engineering,
and wind load engineering in order to respond jointly to European and international
R&D projects and engage in a researcher exchange program.

M AY

CIB congress in Australia
The triennial CIB World Building Congress was held between May 6 and 9
in Brisbane, Australia. This international congress for construction innovators
showcases key advances in Research and Development.
CSTB Chief Executive Officer Carole Le Gall spoke on the impact of Researchand Development on sustainable construction at a round table session attended
by Australia's Chief Scientist Ian Chubb. CSTB experts Frédéric Bougrain,
Julien Hans, Maeva Sabre and Jean-Luc Salagnac also contributed
to this dynamic event by coordinating working groups and presenting
scientific articles.

JUNE

Commercial buildings
in operation
In June 2013, Certivéa launched the newversion of the NF HQE™ Bâtiments
tertiaires en exploitation (commercial
buildings in operation) certification,
enabling all those involved in theoperation of non-residential buildings
to achieve certification that substantiates
and highlights their performance levels.
The first development in France to beawarded this type of certification is the“Hervé Thermique Paris IDF” officebuilding in Ennery.

Private homecertification
Carole LE GALL, CSTB Chief Executive Officer | John McCARTHY, Chairman of CIB | Ian CHUBB, Australia's Chief Scientist |Professor Peter BARRETT, University of Salford, Manchester

JUNE

Air quality and thermal,
acoustic and visual comfort in schools
To mark the launch of the national campaign involving 300 nursery and elementary
schools throughout France, the Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI) held a public
workshop session on June 13, 2013 devoted to a particularly sensitive group
population: children.
The session explained the latest developments in knowledge, progress and prospects
for internal building environmental quality in schools by looking in detail at major research
projects currently underway in France and the wider Europe: pollutant emissions fromschool supplies, the presence of phtalates, insecticides, flame retardants and otherairborne semi-volatile organic compounds, dust, etc.

Having led the way with NF certificationof private homes in 2000 and the NF HQE
scheme in 2006, Céquami launched its
new NF HQE™ certification for new
private homes on June 7, 2013. Its
benchmarking scheme has beendeveloped out of the user expectations
and requirements highlighted by a survey
conducted amongst 420 families.
The survey results revealed thatcriteria should be centered around3 anticipated benefits: lower cost,health and user comfort.

J U LY

Intrinsic Energy
Performance
Guarantee Charter
The Intrinsic Energy Performance
Guarantee Charter (GPEI) was signed
at the Sustainable Building Plan general
meeting on July 11 by 16 signatories,
including the CSTB group.
Given the extremely ambitious targets
set by government for building energy
efficiency, it is essential that project
owners wishing to invest in energy
efficiency upgrades and/or services havethe ability to measure and confirm actual
reductions in energy consumption.
The contractual Energy Performance
Guarantee (GPE) will respond directly
to this need.

9

SEPTEMBER

Reef online

In 2013, Reef online introduced a seriesof new functions and constantly
refreshed content. This service aims
to make it easier for all construction
stakeholders to access, adopt and apply
regulations and standards. Continual
updating of the database behind the“News and New Online” pages delivers
relevant content in response to
searches by alerting users to the latest
technical and regulatory changes.
Reef online delivers the full rangeof regulatory and standards related
content, with a catalog of more than
3,950 items that includes
3,120 full-text documents of which
1,390 are standards.

The Claude Bernard urban development eco-neighborhood zone in Paris, labeled in 2013

SEPTEMBER

ÉcoQuartier labelingOn September 9, Cécile Duflot, the Minister for Regional and Housing Equality, presented
the results of the first national ÉcoQuartier eco-neighborhood labeling campaign.
Of the 45 developments awarded the national ÉcoQuartier label, 13 are completed oron the verge of completion.
32 other projects still under construction were awarded the description of “Engagé dansla labellisation” (Labeling in Progress). CSTB has been working with the French Urban
Planning Institute and the Ecole des Mines on the issue of indicators, and is supporting
the relevant public authorities in setting up an Eco-neighborhood Observatory andevaluating the results obtained. At the end of 2013, the French government appointed
CSTB to provide national management of the 2014-2015 assessment campaign
for 45 Eco-neighborhoods.

France GBC Green Building Week 2013
French sustainable construction expertise
was the focus for the France GBC Green
Building Week 2013 held throughout
France between September 16 and 22.
Site visits, official openings, conferences,training sessions and around 30 eventsfor construction professionals were heldin the form of an enormous national andregional initiative to disseminate goodpractices, share experience, acquire newknowledge, and identify ways forward for
future progress. A broad diversity of issues
central to the priorities of tomorrow'sbuildings and communities was addressed
throughout the week, with particularemphasis on affordable sustainable
construction. In other words, how can
we offer healthy, comfortable, highperformance buildings that are financiallyaccessible to everyone?
10

Left to right: Anne-Sophie PERRISSIN-FABERT, Director of the HQE Association and Chief Eecutive of France GBC | Florence FERRY, CSTB Director ofCommunication and External Relations | Michel HAVARD, President of the HQE Association | Méka BRUNEL, Executive Vice President Europe of Ivanhoé
Cambridge and President of France GBC | Bertrand DELCAMBRE, CSTB President

Launch of Cerway
As part of the September 26
presentation of Vivapolis, the Frenchsustainable cities brand for export
markets, at the Ecocity World Summit
on Sustainable Cities in Nantes, Nicole
Bricq, the Minister for Foreign Trade,announced the launch of Cerway,
the body created specifically to establish
and develop the international
reputation of the HQE™ scheme.
The prime mission of this joint subsidiaryof France's two leading non-residentialbuilding, community and housing
certification organizations - Certivéa
and Cerqual - will therefore be to deliver
the entire HQE™ scheme structureinternationally.

Left to right: Michèle PAPPALARDO, Coordinator of the Mieux Vivre en Ville intiative set up by the Minister for Foreign Trade |Michel HAVARD, President of the HQE Association | Carole LE GALL, CSTB Chief Executive Officer | Nicole BRICQ, Ministerof Foreign Trade | Patrick NOSSENT, President of Cerway and Certivéa | Antoine DESBARRIÈRES, President of Cerqual

Fire safety

Left to right: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank DEHN, Director of MFPA (Germany) | Kevin A. MUELLER, Postgraduate
Researcher at the University of Notre-Dame (USA) | Dr. Eduard A.B. KOENDERS, Associate Professor
at the Technical University of Delft (Netherlands) | Pierre PIMIENTA, Deputy Manager of the CSTB
Mechanical Studies and Fire Resistance Division

Fire Spalling 2013, the Third International Workshop on Concrete
Spalling due to Fire Exposure, looked at the current state-of-theart, advances and research in this area of fire safety. Hosted by
CSTB and INSA Rennes, this scientific symposium held at the
FNTP in Paris between September 25 and 27 welcomed around ahundred delegates of twenty different nationalities. A scientificpublication entitled Concrete Spalling due to Fire Exposure
featuring 38 articles was published to mark the event.

Batiactu Construction and Innovation Awards 2013
On September 23 2013, Bertrand Delcambre presented DVVD SARL
with a Commercial Building Construction Award in the New Construction category
for its Villetaneuse (Seine-Saint-Denis) multimodal transportation hub footbridge
project. This wooden footbridge designed as part of a university urban projectby architect Daniel Vaniche links neighborhoods previously separated by main roads,
and provides access to the station for passengers with reduced mobility.
11

OCTOBER

GreenCity

Technical assessment support

Left to right: Pierre-Étienne BINDSCHEDLER, President of the Alsace Énergivie Competitiveness Cluster | Philippe RICHERT, Presidentof the Regional Council for Alsace | Bertrand DELCAMBRE, CSTB President

October 24 in Strasbourg saw the launch by the Alsace Énergivie Competitiveness Cluster
and the CSTB of a technical assessment support scheme for innovative contractors in EasternFrance as part of facilitating the dissemination of construction-related information.
Around a hundred construction stakeholders attended the launch event to find out more
about the operation and aims of the new scheme, which is based on providing hands-on
support at a very early stage in order to respond effectively to the assessment expectations
and specific needs of small-scale and midsize contractors.

Signature of the CSTB-ICC
Evaluation Service agreement
The 2007 agreement between CSTB and the ICC-Evaluation Service (USA) was renewedin October 2013. This agreement covers joint working on the process to converge French(Atec) assessment procedures with their European (ETE) and American (ESR) counterparts.
It provides for mutual recognition of testing, test reports and assessments in order to reduce
the associated costs for construction manufacturers in Europe and the USA.

The second international GreenCity
sustainable cities event sponsored by theGrand Paris project was held on October
17 and 18, 2013 at the Cité Descartes
in Marne-la-Vallée. The two days ofconferences and discussions between
economists, institutions and academics
focused on the new frontiers of energy
efficiency. Officially opened by Ministerfor Foreign Trade Nicole Bricq, GreenCity
included the signature of five internationalinnovation partnership agreements
between the Université Paris-Est and Tokyo
University, developers, operators andeconomic development organizations.
Bertrand Delcambre chaired the GreenCity
2013 conference cycle.

The RGE scheme
extended to include
more professionals
During her visit to the Batimat 2013
trade fair, Cécile Duflot, the Ministerfor Regional and Housing Equality,
signed three charters with ADEME,CSTB and construction bodies effectively
extending the RGE (Reconnu Garantde l'Environnement) quality labelingscheme. As a result, the scheme is now
open to project owner professionals
during their studies and to
manufacturers of construction
and renovation materials.
Some 9,000 contractors are now
RGE-accredited, and that number
is expected to double by mid-2014.

NOVEMBER

Fire safety
Fire Safety of Facades, the firstinternational scientific symposium
on facade fire safety, was hosted
by CSTB at the FCBA Institute inParis on November 14, 2013.
More than 180 experts in thisarea of fire safety came together
in Paris from 32 different
countries for two days of
discussion on the current stateof specialist knowledge, to discusscurrent research and identify newneeds. A scientific publication
containing all the symposium
papers accompanied the event.

12

Solar Decathlon
Cécile Duflot, the Minister for Regional and Housing Equality, attended the November 6
presentation of the projects developed by 20 teams selected for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2014
event to be held in the Château de Versailles Gardens between June 28 and 14 July. The Solar
Decathlon will give France the opportunity to stimulate innovation in energy efficiency andsustainable construction. Energy self-sufficient as a result of their efficient use of solar energy,
all 20 of these “homes for tomorrow” will be constructed full-size on site, giving professionals
and the public the opportunity to experience these future technologies for themselves.

NOVEMBER

Batimat 2013
For CSTB, the 2013 Batimat trade show
was marked by the rich diversityof issues promoted and events hosted.
As part of her official visit to the event,Cécile Duflot, the Minister for Regionaland Housing Equality, met with a numberof small and midsize timber andbiosourcing companies engaged
in innovation processes alongside
CSTB teams.
The Minister took advantage of theoccasion to sign the 2014-2017 CSTB
Objectives and Performance Contract with
CSTB President Bertrand Delcambre.
The CSTB Publications team presented
the new range of CSTB software with aseries of conferences and demonstrations,as well as its latest publications andReef online service developments.
In 2013, nearly 25,000 users visited Reef
to receive an effective response to theirneed to access and use regulations.
Meetings focusing on stakeholder
innovation and expectations, anddiscussions between professionals and
CSTB experts all contributed to thesuccess of this major event for everyone
involved. Some ten conferences on theissues of energy renovation, timber
construction, installation materials,
photovoltaic energy and European
assessment were led and coordinatedby CSTB partners and experts.

CAPEB partnership
Patrick Liébus, President of theConfederation of Craftsmen and Small
Builders (Confédération de l’Artisanat
et des Petites Entreprises du Bâtimentor CAPEB), and CSTB President Bertrand
Delcambre renewed their partnershipagreement on November 6, 2013.
In today's complex standards andregulatory landscape, this new
agreement facilitates access toreference documentation for CAPEB
members. The associated licensing
agreement also provides access to theReef 4 document database via which
CSTB delivers information online.

DECEMBER“

To draw, you need to understand the skeleton.
It's the same with buildings.
If you know how to build, you can create form.
Dietmar Feichtinger

Carte Blanche for
Dietmar Feichtinger”

Hosted annually by CSTB in partnershipwith Archinov and Le Moniteur magazine,
the 2013 Cartes Blanches meeting
welcomed Dietmar Feichtinger,
the Austrian architect famous for his
innovative structures and publicbuildings. What interests the recipientof the 2012 Équerre d’Argent award for
the Lucie Aubrac School in Nanterre
about architecture is: “Creating spaces
for living and interaction”, with particularemphasis on structure.

13

CSTB strategy
In order to respond effectively to the key challenges posedby the pace of change in construction and development,
the structural initiatives of CSTB for the period 2014-2017
will focus on 3 strategic priorities:

2 | ENHANCED SUPPORT FOR STAKEHOLDERS
IN THE INNOVATION PROCESS:
improving access to new markets for contractors andcreating new jobs demand higher level of support forthe stakeholders who drive the innovation process.

1 | OVERALL BUILDING PERFORMANCE:
delivering ecological and energy transition, safeguarding
health, preventing risks, controlling construction
and renovation costs, and matching building use
and adaptability to the changes in society...
they all require the development of overall building
performance.

3 | AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CITIESAND REGIONS:
the emergence and development of sustainable cities
as a result of building performance levels that improve
quality of life for citizens demand an integrated
approach to cities and their surrounding regions.

1
OVERALLPERFORMAN CE
Expanding and sharing
our scientific and technicalknowledge to improveoverall building
performance.

HIGH
PERFORMANCECOMPONENTS>RESPONSIBLE
BUILDINGS>SUSTAINABLE
CITIES

3
CITIES
AND REGIONS
Contributing to the developmentof sustainable cities
and regions for the wellbeingof citizens.

142
INNOVATION
Promoting sustainable
construction by supporting
stakeholders in the innovation
process from idea to market.

FIVE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PRIORITIESIn order to action these three strategic priorities,
CSTB is structuring its activities and resources around:• five scientific and technical priorities Energy - Environment,
Health - Comfort, Risk mitigation, Digital technologies,
Uses and economics transitions – that will enable thedevelopment of multi-criteria scientific and technicalanalytics covering all the challenges posed by sustainable
development. These criteria will also deliver the kind of crossdisciplinary benefits specific to a scientific and technicalcenter such as CSTB

• two levels of integration: the integration of components into
the building structure, and the integration of buildings into
the city. By covering the entire building lifecycle, thisapproach will address the factor of time at both levels• four activities: Research, Expertise, Assessment andDissemination of knowledge, supported by an internalmanagement structure with a clear commitment toapplying the principles of transparency and businessethics integral to the organization.

STRUCTURAL WORK | FINISHING WORKS | EQUIPMENTHIGHPERFORMANCECOMPONENTS>RESPONSIBLE
BUILDINGS

5 SCIENTIFIC PRIORITIES2 SCALES OF INTEGRATION>SUSTAINABLE
CITIES

ENERGYENVIRONMENTHEALTHCOMFORT

RISKMITIGATIONDIGITALTECHNOLOGIESUSES ANDECONOMICS
TRANSITIONS

15

Supporting
innovation
stakeholders

CSTB CARNOT INSTITUTE
The CSTB Carnot Institute supports and works alongsidecontractors of all sizes to improve building quality
and safety in response to the major technological andeconomic challenges faced by the construction sector.
Its multidisciplinary skills underpin a commitment toresearch that gives preference to cross-disciplinary working
and encourages industrial, architectural and sociologicalinnovation in individual buildings and in entire cities.
The CSTB Carnot Institute comprises all the CSTB teams
involved in R&D and the promotion of its achievements.
It encourages and facilitates innovation for all construction
stakeholders through the use of its laboratories andextensive research facilities, all of which are united in theirfocus on 5 scientific and technical priorities. Its range ofservices adapts to meet the needs of its clients: researchand expertise contracts, technology transfer, academic
chairs in industry research, etc.

HERVÉ CHARRUE, Deputy Chief Executive Officer,
Director of Research and Development, CSTB Carnot InstituteOver and above an economic situation that is rather mixed,
especially in the construction sector, the finalization in 2013 of the
new Objectives and Performance Contract 2014-2017 marked
something of a turning point in recognition of the major role insociety played by the construction stakeholders.
The inclusion of urban challenges as one of the three strategic
priorities of CSTB alongside overall building performance andsupport for innovation now points the way for a systemic and more
broadly based approach to the building in its urban environment.
The CSTB R&D department had anticipated and called for this aspart of a scientific approach based on integration and scales,
because that is what is required to produce a relevant descriptionof the building and its role in terms of its impressive potential tocontribute to achieving the challenges of sustainable development.
That is why the five scientific priorities of safety, energy and theenvironment, health, the economy and society, and digitaltechnology all contribute to the continuity required to support
public policy at every scale, from building components to urban
planning. All these considerations support and pave the way forthe unstoppable evolution of the construction sector, which must
make the maximum possible contribution to achieving the goals
identified and restated by the National Debate on Energy Transition.
In the same way as major manufacturing and service industry
sectors, construction in the wider sense is entering the age ofdigital technology that alone offers the capability needed todeliver total performance in an increasingly complex environment

16

by incorporating the ever-growing body of sociological, technicaland economic data.
Clearly, in such a context exacerbated by the need to tighten
economic and budgetary controls, CSTB must - and this is evenmore important today - address these issues through scientific andtechnical partnerships that benefit research and innovation.
On the one hand, it will develop joint planning partnerships withthe various organizations and partners involved in construction
and urban development. And on the other hand, like the Carnot
Institute, it will step up the process of transferring researchoutcomes to companies through more proactive coordination of
the construction sector alongside construction companies, thefull range of research organizations, the Carnot Institutes, theIndustrial Technical Centers and the regional centers. After a long
period during which the contexts and challenges of sustainable
development have matured, now is the time for action. Long
decried as excessively hegemonic, the energy driver neverthelessremains the only one capable of engaging in this step change.
Whether via the various energy transition institutes, which include
Efficacity set up by CSTB, or ANCRE's contributions to energy
transition scenarios, all the guidelines and recommendations ofcontributors point directly to the interoperability of scales andsocio-economic and technological issues, such as those championed
by CSTB for many years now. Despite maintaining an importantrole in these expressions, this form of peer recognition can only
motivate its researchers to maintain the impetus.

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CHARLES BALOCHE, Deputy Chief Executive Officer
and Technical Director

TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SUPPORTSERVICE FOR SMALL & MIDSIZE COMPANIESAND FIRST-TIME APPLICANTS

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The completely new support service for technology
assessment applicants introduced in 2013 will soon
have handled its first hundred requests. This one-stop
shop channels the expertise of experienced engineersand experts in technical issues and procedures toadvise innovators.
Their completely free advice checks the substance of
the application, identifies any analyses and/or tests
required to complete it, directs the applicant towards
the most appropriate procedure for the level oftechnological maturity achieved by the proposed
innovation (ATec, ATEx A or B, Pass Innovation, etc.),
and provides significant time and cost savings, on theunderstanding that if the application is to be successful,
it must present all the relevant risk management
responses for the operations concerned.

HELPING INNOVATION TO FIND ITS MARKETThe proliferation of regulations, their increasing complexity andthe need to control construction costs make it crucial that the timeto-market for all innovations is as short as possible. That's why
CSTB does everything it can to significantly reduce the time taken
to consider assessment applications, and particularly those forTechnical Assessment approval.
To achieve that outcome, every application should ideally becomplete at the time of submission, but this is unfortunately rarely
the case. It's also in the best interests of companies to anticipate
the need for other approvals, such as European assessments andcertifications. The need to support innovative companies is clear,especially for these two preliminary essentials, especially since
many of them are not from the construction world. The demand
for support from manufacturing companies is expressed as a needto gain a clearer understanding of construction industry and its
requirements. Expanding the scope of application for their productis also a potential opportunity for growth, which can also benefit
from support.
PERSONALIZED SUPPORTCSTB has for many years worked alongside innovative companies
to help them complete the essential process of technical recognition
as smoothly as possible, and significant progress was made in that
direction during 2013. Firstly in the provision of information, andsecondly in the provision of more personalized support. The provisionof information was improved, for example, by the 2013 developmentof the CSTB-Évaluation website for launch at the beginning of 2014.
This website contains the minimum Technical Assessment application
requirements for every building component. It also provides detailed
procedures in five languages, because the number of foreigncompanies making applications is increasing all the time.
CSTB has also opened a support service to provide a one-stop shopthat welcomes and guides technical assessment applicants. An online
form available from the CSTB-Évaluation website will enableapplicants to request this new service (see inset). Small and midsize
companies also benefit from reduced rates (a 30% reduction on
their first technical assessment application).
QUANTIFIABLE RESULTS
The commitment to involve all national competencies and encourage
feedback about local innovations has resulted in the creationof regional and technical partnerships. The first of these - regional
partnerships - bring CSTB together with highly skilled Building Energy
centers that work closely with research organizations and are very
familiar with the potential of their area. The second - technicalpartnerships - ensure effective synergy with the specialist Industry
Technical Centers, whose expertise and skills are well established.
The work done on facilitating the emergence of innovations has
halved the length of time taken to complete the procedure - andthat's just for Technical Assessment applications. It now takes only
eight to nine months from reception to finalization. The reduction
has been achieved without reducing the total number of assessments,
which remains unchanged at around 1,000, 75% of which relate
to the Technical Assessment procedure.
Significant efforts to improve transparency were also made in 2013,
with the emphasis on the appointment of Specialist Group members
and the requirements placed on their working methods. Also in 2013,
we developed application submission software to encourage experts
to apply as new or replacement SG members. The new system will
be implemented during 2014 on completion of its test period.
17

Could you tell us about this network of partners in more detail?
The network of partners is tasked with guiding and supporting
manufacturers through the technical assessment process for theirinnovation. Explaining procedures, organizing the approach
adopted by manufacturers, and helping them to put together
their technical documentation are all part of the missions entrusted
to our partners. This support enables manufacturers to schedule
all the processes and components required for the assessmentof their product, and to do so at the earliest-possible stage.

3 QUESTIONS FOR...
CHRISTOPHE MOREL, Deputy Director of Technical Partnerships

The emergence of new industries and increasingly demanding
standards of energy and environmental performance are driving
profound changes in the innovation market. How is CSTB adapting
to this trend?
The fact is that the upward trend in the number of innovations
seen over several years is continuing. They're coming not only
from biosourcing, but also from more traditional areas of theindustry and are being developed by manufacturers of very
different types. We can also see that these manufacturers are very
often small and midsize companies from all over the country. Lastly,
these manufacturers are not always familiar with the worldof construction, and more specifically with the importanceof submitting their innovation for the type of assessment best
suited to their own plans. One of the key challenges involved insupporting these manufacturers is therefore to provide them withinformation about the assessment procedures they could use tosupport their innovation project from idea to market.
So in 2013, CSTB created a network of partners to provide thislevel of support. In practical terms, it aims to work alongsideregional stakeholders with the ability to provide manufacturers
with direct local support. The introduction of this network gives
CSTB be the resources it needs to deliver effective support for
innovative manufacturers, thereby facilitating the emergenceof high-quality innovations into the market.
.
18

In creating this network, CSTB focused as a priority on working
with the Building Energy centers and construction Industry
Technical Centers. In October 2013, it signed the first regional
technical assessment support mission agreement with the Alsace
Énergivie Competitiveness Cluster. This partnership was a major
step forward in creating this network.
The initiative will now press ahead with the aim of having a nationwide network of partners by 2015. Our ultimate ambition for thisproject is that every manufacturer with a new innovation will beable to receive high-quality support regardless of the region they
operate in. This is one of the major aims of the CSTB 2014-2017
Objectives and Performance Contract, and one that I am focusing
all my efforts on.
How is CSTB building a shared impetus and commitment within
this network of partners?
The role of CSTB is to share its knowledge with its local partners
and provide them with technical support. A great deal of that
support takes the form of training. Through training initiatives,
our experts can pass on their knowledge about the assessment
process, and prepare our partners for their mission by sharing
their experience of supporting manufacturers.
It also involves providing our partners with access to a CSTB
internal team whose job is to provide them on a daily basis witha level of support that suits their profile and experience.
Lastly, CSTB will hold regular meetings with this National Support
Network containing all its partners with the aim of encouraging
the swapping of good practices and feedback. The first meetingof this network in 2013 proved an enormous success. We're definitely
up and running!
*Commitment charter signed in 2012 between the Building Energy center
network coordinated by the Sustainable Building Plan, ADEME, Oséo
and CSTB.

New European regulation
for construction products:
what impact on the assessment activity?
European regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 repealed the European directive
for the marketing of construction products on July 1, 2013.
This major change is aimed at making approaches more uniform and at simplifying
procedures for assessment of standard and non-standard products.
It also affects operation of the EOTA*, a European organization to which technicalassessment organizations in Europe such as CSTB belong.
For products that are not entirely covered by a harmonized
standard (non-standard or innovative products), the new European
regulation sets up the European Technical Assessment (ETA)
to replace the European Technical Approval (ETA). This newprocedure is voluntary. Furthermore, the new regulation makes
the declaration of performance and CE marking compulsory.
These approaches apply to construction products coveredby a harmonized standard, or complying with their European
technical assessment.

The entire organization of the association has been operational
since autumn 2013, to perform its missions.
EOTA also opened its new site at www.eota.eu in 2013.
*EOTA: European Organisation for Technical Assessment

The declaration of performance is the successor of the CE declarationof conformity. CE marking on a product now means that the productcomplies with the declared performances. Setting up the newEuropean regulation (CPR) is changing how EOTA functions.
Specifically, EOTA changed its statutes in June 2013. On October 16,
2013, its members adopted the internal regulations and elected
their executive board during the first general assembly of the newversion of EOTA.
Yannick LEMOIGNE, Head of CSTB’s Certification Unit and Chairmanof EOTA since April 2012, led all of these transformations.

CSTB PROGRESS FOR THE FRENCH ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICY STANDARD PRACTICE PROGRAM
The RAGE (French Environmental Policy Standard Practice) program brings together
major construction stakeholders with CSTB’s scientific and technical support,
for the 2011-2014 period.
One of the five actions of this program consists of writing professional recommendations. The objective is toprovide professionals with technical reference systems for the construction of more energy efficient buildings.
CSTB’s role in this context is to check that all documents produced are scientifically and technically coherent.
Several tens of experts thus actively participate in proofreading documents produced for passive and active
systems in the building.
CSTB also drives the concept of 16 professional recommendations on building passive systems (external andinternal insulation, installation of door and window frames, sandwich panels, etc.). Almost all these technicalcontents were complete by the end of 2013. Final editing will be completed in 2014.

19<
BESANÇON
CITÉ DES ARTSET DE LA CULTURE
Leading architect
KENGO KUMA
Partner architect
ARCHIDEV
Innovation
SOPREMA ATEx 1875:
metal roof withstanding seam,
1.6% pitch withouter roof

20

Giving meaning to our research... The major challenge to CSTB research
workers in the next few years will be to successfully transform scientificand theoretical responses to new requirements for sustainable construction
into efficient tools. These tools and solutions must be developed withand for contributors for design, construction and renovation in order tomake their acceptance and use as easy as possible.
This challenge is applicable particularly to the energy and theenvironment fields for which the analysis is becoming more complex
and the amount of data to be taken into account is increasing.

JULIEN HANS, Energy-Environment R&D Program Manager,
Energy-Environment – Research Deputy Director

Energy,Environment
New methods of assessing structures have been designed tosatisfy the obligation to achieve performances and results. Today’s
challenge is to transfer them into practice to better satisfy
environmental and economic challenges.
Experience has shown that this performance-driven approach
must be global, since this is the only way of achieving a relevant
analysis and efficient results. This is why CSTB’s scientific andtechnical Energy-Environment priority is organized around thisquest to achieve global performance in buildings anddevelopments, obviously at the time of their construction, butalso throughout their life cycle.
Our decisions must always be guided firstly by energy and theenvironment, closely tied to comfort, health and economy.
There has been a similar development for the scales considered the work is now broader than a Life Cycle Analysis of materials
and buildings, and covers districts and cities, combining a broader
vision and more extensive and more complex models. Analyses
must be both holistic and much more detailed because, as in many
sectors, the sum of the best individual solutions is not necessarily
the best solution for the whole being considered.
These rules are always applicable when energy and theenvironment are concerned: in sustainable urban development,
for new construction methods respecting the environment, in theassessment of innovations (products and systems), in thedevelopment of renewable energies, management of existingbuilding stocks or even in control over the management of material
and energy flows.

There are many challenges: the energy challenges for new
construction and for the refurbishment industry are not the same.
The objective for new construction is to guarantee long-term
performances and to provide everyone concerned with highperformance tools capable of handling the considerable amountof data to be considered, and for refurbishment it is to provide areliable and specialized diagnostic to define optimum strategies
to achieve the purpose(s).
In this context, the Energy-Environment priority applies to thedevelopment of tools that can be used by professionals, thesearch for new, realistic and reproducible solutions, support with
innovations, etc.
More fundamental research on understanding of phenomena isan essential prerequisite to reliable modeling. We will make every
effort to assure that these theoretical models derived from ourresearch are transferred to practical models used in business tools.
Similarly, we offer support for developments from specific ideas
to final solutions.
Our work is presented in scientific publications and professional
training courses, thus contributing to the dissemination of
information to the different stakeholders in the field. We havealso built many partnerships with socio-economic stakeholders
in construction, to better anchor our position as a “research
application catalyst”.

21From building to city,from a specialized
approach toa global design
HQE PERFORMANCE:LABELING GLOBAL PERFORMANCE<CSTB is working on an HQE performance label
based on result with reference to a wide panel ofenvironmental and comfort criteria.
Reference values for environmental assessmentof buildings were defined in 2013.

HÉLIANTHE,

The purpose of the HQE Performance label is to assess
performances of constructions rather than their ability to satisfy
requirements of means, thus allowing more freedom in choosing
design methods. The criteria are the results of an environmental
assessment. Design and use are fully taken into account, thus
broadening the field considered to include the complete life cycleof the structure.
A large amount of work is carried out in preparation for the label,
particularly for environmental criteria determined over several
years. CSTB created reference scales in 2013, using models
produced by contributors working on HQE Performance. Working
groups including particularly DHUP, the HQE association, ADEME
and CSTB and also representatives of clients, project managers,
professional associations, manufacturers and resource centers,
defined the general framework in which the set of documents
necessary for this assessment would be produced. A first series ofexperiments was made in 2010 on 74 buildings with the objectiveof facilitating the development of
EIFFAGE CONSTRUCTION,
building modeled
life cycle analysis (LCA) tools as afor HQE Performance
function of progress of the project.
A second series of experiments
led to models of 140 new highly
diverse and highly energy efficientbuildings. CSTB collected and consolidated information after
these various steps, to create reference scales based on environmental criteria.
The approach consists of identifying events that have the greatest
influence such as construction and some functional and evenusage aspects of the building, such as displacements of occupants.
The next step is logically to search for levers to improve the mostinfluential points. Additional work has drastically reduced thetime necessary for LCA modeling to a few hours by coupling Élodie,
the building environmental performance assessment software,with the BIM and descriptions of structures as macro-components.

2020-2050 RESPONSIBLE BUILDING STUDYCSTB is participating in the Working Group “Réflexion Bâtiment Responsable 2020-2050”
implemented in the framework of the National “Plan Bâtiment Durable” (Sustainable Building Plan)
about sustainable buildings, that submitted a report in 2013 suggesting major topics
for research and encouraging local experiment.
The “Réflexion Bâtiment Responsable 2020-2050” working group
was initiated within the Sustainable Building Plan with the missionof planning construction changes by the year 2050, with amilestone in 2020. CSTB’s management is participating alongside
representatives of clients, design, contractors and social housing,among others. Its conclusions confirm three main concepts: put
the human being at the centre of research, reason at the scale ofcities and facilitate experimentation.
The first proposal highlights the comfort and health of inhabitants,emphasizing that usage of the building is at least as important as
its construction and renovation. Obviously, this view is accompanied
by an encouragement to adopt more responsible “life styles”, more

22

respectful of environmental data and constraints. The change inscale is aimed at globalizing engineering requirements at least foran entire housing block, neighborhood or city, to enable sharing ofneeds and solutions. Finally, the “Réflexion Bâtiment Responsable”
working group encourages experimentation, for example consideringthat regions should become fields for experiments, particularly tofind local solutions.
The group suggests setting up a label for new, renovated andexisting buildings by 2018, based on global indicators capable offederating research already initiated by the different stakeholders,to help materialize these objectives and to set up a milestone.

HEAT RECOVERY FROM GREYWATER

Between 25 and 65% of the energy necessary for showers can be recovered
using systems assessed by CSTB and included in the 2012 Thermal Regulations
as innovative systems.
From component to system, global performance is often achievedby innovative work to limit energy losses. The example ofinstantaneous energy recovery from greywater illustrates one
energy efficient approach and the effectiveness of work doneby CSTB over several years, for which important steps werecompleted in 2013.
A group of three companies wished to validate the principleof energy recovery on greywater from showers to preheat
cold water entering the domestic hot water system (DHW)
through exchangers. It aimed at characterizing performances
obtained and possibly improving performances, but also totake performances into account in RT 2012 regulatory
calculations. Therefore, CSTB started by creating a test
protocol to qualify exchangers under conditions representativeof real usage conditions.
Different tests demonstrated the efficiency of the system thatsaved 15 to 30% of DHW on average, with showers accounting
for about 50% of the total consumption of DHW. This efficiency
increases as the number of showers within a short period increases.
This system is particularly suitable for communities, hotels,
gymnasiums, etc.
The regulatory step consisted of validating the process through2012 thermal regulation Title V that allows for proposed

innovations to be taken into account after the initial regulatory
text has been released. CSTB experts supported manufacturers
in developing the calculation method.
For this purpose, CSTB, which developed the performance
determination protocol, is currently obtaining COFRAC accreditation
to perform these tests and is contributing to setting up certificationof these products in the near future.
This work forms part of an approach towards global building
performance. The production of domestic hot water consumes
more energy than almost any other activity and every possiblemeans of controlling and reducing this energy consumption should
be studied. Digital models developed for this purpose provide
input for global approaches applied using the Élodie tool.
Reuse of this water could be envisaged for some domestic uses
not necessarily requiring drinking quality water, provided thata waiver can be obtained. Such recycling can save about 30%
of water. CSTB has performed various actions to increaseknowledge about greywater and associated treatment systems,
so as to anticipate future regulations aimed at securing
integration of recycling systems into buildings and protecting
users. In particular, a PhD thesis was defended in 2013
characterizing dangers related to use of such water for theirrigation of urban green areas.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY: BEING FAMILIAR WITH THE COSTCSTB has developed electrical consumption load curves in a neighborhood,facilitating management of the global cost and illustrating the potentialof renewable energies.
All recent studies lead to the conclusion that it makes more sense to manage energy at the scale of aneighborhood or a city, rather than at the scale of a building. Sharing of resources and needs can leadto more easily managed equilibriums requiring less investment in terms of production and therefore
possible storage, particularly for electricity. CSTB has worked on defining an electrical load curves
generator to better identify the consumption model, at the scale of a neighborhood. The tool has alreadyenabled a much more detailed approach to needs. CSTB performed a study of occupant activities intheir homes associated with domestic items (household appliances, multimedia, etc.), using INSEE
statistical data and based on the behavior of 30,000 persons during a day (in steps of 10 minutes).
Seven out of 200 identified activities were selected as being the most important and were used todefine six typical days. The model projects data for a home over a year to generate representative
load curves in time steps of one minute for the medium and long term, to determine possible solutions
to reduce electrical costs.
These data are used to identify the impact of the energy cost on the thermal behavior of ahome and any discomfort. They facilitate progress towards the scale of a neighborhood. Finally,
good knowledge of user behavior will facilitate control of costs and therefore guarantee
system performances.
An analysis of the phenomenon shows that globalization of needs leads to a lower demand than
was imagined. This means that the current trend is to overestimate needs and therefore oversize
networks, and even storage needs in the case of the use of renewable energy such as photovoltaic.

23

Renovation
DIAGNOSTIC AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT: WIDESPREAD AUTOMATION

An innovative home diagnostic and energy performance management system
by an optimization specialist.
A company specializing in very large-scale machine-to-machinecommunication is working on optimization of energy
consumption. It already markets industrial solutions but it would
like to broaden its product range to include homes. Therefore,
the objective is to develop simple measurement systems (a setof sensors arranged in the home) continuously providing
information to easily accessed applications for use by home
occupants and usable through Internet.
Energy optimization is particularly complex because it involves
a large number of parameters such as consumption modes andidentification of peak periods, changes in weather, orientation ofpremises and expected sunshine, etc. CSTB has been appointed
to develop several applications.

This development has been based on data records kept over many
years that have been used to analyze and interpret collected
information by qualification of the thermal performance of homes
and the identification of consumption patterns.
The next step is logically to identify the impacts of envisaged
improvements. After the first operation, in 2013 the company
asked CSTB to continue its work and study types of heating otherthan electrical heating alone, for a complete apartment building.
Completion of this work will eventually open up the way tooutfitting eight million homes in France at an optimized cost.
At the moment there is no equivalent fully automated system.

DIAGNOSTIC OF SOCIAL HOUSINGAFTER RENOVATIONCSTB has assessed the real performance of energy renovation
work done by a large social housing operator, so that savings
can be passed onto rents.
The law allows social housing operators to transfer half the amount ofenergy savings to rents, after doing energy improvement work on theirbuildings. It is essential that the impact of this work should be estimatedin advance, to make a financial estimate of the real savings achieved.
This is an operation that must be done by a third party.
Habitat Toulouse asked CSTB to carry out this mission through anagreement, after the renovation of 1,300 homes. A vast long-term
measurement campaign will be used to monitor indoor temperatures,consumptions recorded at the meter, the CO2 content and also
luminosity and relative humidity in a sample of slightly more than
10% of renovated homes. These measurement criteria include
other variables such as changes in the weather and obviously
how occupants use their homes.
The system was implemented in 2013 and monitoring willcontinue for three years starting in September 2014. The entire
procedure can be repeated for the benefit of other social
housing operators or building stock managers.

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Photovoltaic solar energy

A C O O P E R AT I V E A P P R O A C H

iNTHE INNOVATIVE SYSTEM
Kogys, a small and medium-sized company installed in Montauban in the Tarn-et-Garonne Department,
has designed a photovoltaic system for an industrial roof on a steel structure, replacing the main roof
elements. It is designed for the construction of solar electricity generating installations, and includes several
photovoltaic modules provided with a frame made of aluminum sections and an assembly system enabling
installation of modules on the roof in portrait or landscape layout. The assessment applied particularly tothe upstands (for which a patent has been deposited) for attachment of the assembly system while allowing
for expansion.

PROSPECTS
After a first Technical Assessment obtained in 10 months and that was quickly amortized, Kogys continued its
assessment procedure with two other Technical Assessments to complete its range of photovoltaic systems
and to cover a wide range of use at an optimized production cost. The partnership entered into with the German
K2Systems company offers prospects for European development.

Recycled cotton insulation
THE INNOVATIVE SYSTEM
Métisse® is a thermal insulation range for buildings manufactured
by Le Relais, the French leader in collection, sorting and reuse of
cotton textiles collected by Le Relais. Once sorted by material,
textiles that cannot be reused in their existing condition are
defibred and then transformed to make insulation. A polyester
fiber is then used as a binder to bind the fibers. Le Relais thus
gives a second life to a high quality raw material (cotton) withrecognized insulating properties. Métisse® is an innovative productbecause it is available in panels, rolls and flakes; it is suitable foruse in buildings.

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PROSPECTS
A new napping plant was constructed in 2012. Technical Assessments
and the Acermi certification for the product manufactured on this line were obtainedat the beginning of 2014.

New approach to evaluate the seasonal
performance of building integrated
geothermal heat pump system
KANG E.C., RIEDERER P., YOO S.Y., LEE E.J.
Renewable Energy, 54, June 2013, p. 51-54[doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.067]

Laundry greywater treatment using
a fluidized bed reactor: a proposed model
based on greywater biodegradation
and residence time distribution approach
DAVID P.L., BULTEAU G., HUMEAU P.,
GERENTE C., ANDRES Y.
Environmental technology, 34/23, 2013,
p. 3087-3094[doi:10.1080/09593330.2013.803133]

Adaptation of environmental data
to national and sectorial context:
application for reinforcing steel soldon the French market
GOMES F., BRIERE R., FERAILLE A.,
HABERT G., LASVAUX S., TESSIER C.
The International journal of life cycle
assessment, 18/5, June 2013, p. 926-938[doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0558-4]> TRAINING

International environmental
certifications: Comparison of HQE™
LEED, BREEAM, DGNB (ENV45)

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THE ASSESSMENT APPROACH
1- Three years of research, characterization and industrial development.
2- Issuing an ATEx supported by a financial subsidy from the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. Textile made mostlyof cotton is used for the first time in thermal insulation in the building sector.
3- Issuing a Technical Assessment. Acermi certification.

> SOME SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATION REFERENCES

FIN

THE ASSESSMENT APPROACH
1- Seven ATEx procedures have been completed on Kogys patented products since 2009, to adapt to different
application fields and to develop the concept.
2- Wind tunnel tests were done at CSTB to determine the wind resistance of photovoltaic modules, and othercomplementary test series were done in a Toulouse laboratory.
3- Issuing Technical Assessments.

Performance HQE™: Stakes, economicand environmental impacts (D3)Hygrothermal transfers inside
the building envelope (ENR18)25

<
CENTRE SORBONNE
CLIGNANCOURT
Architect GPAA
Innovation
MBS Waterproofing
ATEx 1899:
built-up cladding
with honeycombed
polycarbonate boards

26

Well-being of populations is an essential objective for durable and responsible
living spaces in which we spend our time at all ages, including homes, schools,
offices, workplace, healthcare facilities and leisure facilities.
Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to the design and creationof these environments, to assure health safety and protect everyone’s
comfort, even for the most vulnerable populations.
Therefore monitoring, research and the development of solutions arecomplementary in protecting our citizens and maintaining a safe
environment for them.

SÉVERINE KIRCHNER, Health-Comfort R&D Program Manager,
Health-Comfort – Research and public expertise Deputy Director,
OQAI (Indoor Air Quality Observatory) Scientific Director

Health-Comfort
Improvements to environmental performance in the construction
sector and national development must take account of well-beingof inhabitants, by creating conditions favorable to maintaining
their health and comfort. Interaction between people and theenvironment in which they live is at the heart of sustainable
development challenges.
CSTB’s Health-Comfort priority is directly related to this mission.
Its work relates to knowledge about living areas, identification ofold or newly developing risk factors for health and comfort, andsolutions for eliminating them or at least significantly reducing
their impact.
These risks depend on interactions between human beings andtheir environment and are related to many physiological andenvironmental factors such as exposure to physical, chemical or
microbiological pollutants, and also the perception of uncomfortabletemperatures and noise, vibration or light nuisances. They arepotentially more or less serious depending on the time spent inenvironments, the behavior of occupants and characteristics of theliving areas: obviously at home but also in the office, at school, in
leisure facilities, care facilities, at the scale of a building or city, whenmoving from place to place. Improving the quality of living areas

limits health impacts, some of which have serious consequences
and a high social-economic cost for society. The public authorities
have initiated action plans such as the PNSE (National Health
Environment Plan), the second of which terminated recently at theend of 2013 opening up the way for the next, with the ambition of
reducing exposures responsible for pathologies with a strong impact
on health, and resisting regional health inequalities due to theenvironment. The National Indoor Air Quality Plan was alsopresented in October 2013.
Progress was made in 2013 with research done by CSTB on thecharacterization of risk situations and the search for causes andmeans of managing risks. Each subject is studied with the specificend purpose of providing practical tools that decision-makers andmanagers can use to anticipate or correct risks, and expertise forsome of these subjects has been acquired over many years.
At the scale of the component and the city, the investigation covers
a wide range of risk factors such as nuisance due to noise and vibration
generated by cities or inside buildings, air pollution, chemicals,particulate and biological compounds such as mould and bacteria,
and more recently for example electromagnetic fields, endocrine
disruptors and the use of nanoparticles in materials and products.

27

<
MARIA
EXPERIMENTAL HOUSE,
CSTB

Indoor air quality
IMPACT OF HOUSEHOLD AND CLEANING PRODUCTSCSTB carried out two measurement campaigns in real atmospheres in the Maria experimental houseand performed experiments in emission test chambers during the ADOQ (Domestic Activities
and Indoor Air Quality) research project, to get an understanding of the impact of using household
and cleaning products on indoor air quality.
Consumer products in general and household products in particular
can form a source of indoor air pollutants. Exposure to thesepollutants is particularly important because it takes place in poorly
ventilated environments in which we spend most of our time.
This exposure is still relatively unknown even at the present day.
The ADOQ (Domestic activities and indoor air quality: releases,
reactivity and reaction by-products) research project coordinatedby CSTB in partnership with INERIS and IRCELYON with the supportof ADEME as part of the PRIMEQUAL call for research projects,
has provided some answers to all these questions through anexperimental methodology for the study of household products
and evaluation of exposures resulting from their use. The final
report for this project was published in April 2013.
The methodology used is based on a combination of measurements
in a real atmosphere in the CSTB’s Maria experimental houseduring measurement campaigns made during the winter andsummer periods, and in a simulated atmosphere using controlled
emission chambers for the evaluation of compounds released into
air by household products.
As a first step, release factors from 54 cleaning products werecharacterized, the products being selected after studying theresults of an inquiry on the habits of French households made by
CREDOC and representing several brand names, uses andpackaging. These first tests demonstrated releases of a large
number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aldehydes.

28

In particular, the release of formaldehyde was observed for morethan 90% of the tested products and release of d-limonene wasobserved for more than 40% of them.
Secondly, about ten of these products were tested in the Mariahouse under realistic conditions based on previously identified
scenarios. The objective was not only to understand product releasemechanisms but also to study reaction by-products originatingfrom interactions between released pollutants, firstly between
themselves and secondly with other pollutants already present
in the environment, the effects of which are sometimes moreaggressive than the original pollutants. An increase in the contents
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs and aldehydes) was observed
for all the tested household products. The correlation observed
between ozone and formaldehyde levels measured in studied
rooms when the products are being used emphasizes the secondary
nature of formation of this compound.
Furthermore, variations in limonene and ozone following the useof some household products showed good correlation with theformation of new particles smaller than 100 nm, thus revealing
the formation of secondary organic aerosols (AOS) that could
have genuine effects on health. In addition, the formation of othercompounds that have suspected effects on health including methyl
glyoxal and 4-oxopentanal, carboxylic diacids (levullinic acid andlimonic acid), dialdehydes (limononaldehyde, etc.) has been
demonstrated. Finally the study has demonstrated the formation

of secondary products such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a compound
for which effects on health have been proven and that can induce
surface reactivity phenomena possibly with the production of
nitrous acid (HONO).
Work done for this research project has resulted in a methodology
for evaluating chemical releases from household products, inspired
from ISO standards in force for construction products, and proposed
specific tracers for health labeling of these products, based on
their releases of volatile pollutants.

This work also provided the scientific community and publicauthorities with a large number of release data to be added toexisting databases about consumer products, or databases more
specific to household products such as the EPHECT database(releases, exposure models and effects of consumer products on
health in the European Union).
Furthermore, release data obtained can be input into models thatwill be used to assess user exposure and estimate the associatedhealth risk.

LUMAIR®: DISPLAY OF INDOOR AIR CONFINEMENT

The air confinement measurement and management instrument made by CSTB
for locations in which children will be present is manufactured by two industrialists
who presented their prototypes in 2013 under a commercial license.
Air renewal in closed spaces is essential, especially in locations
attended by children (day nurseries, kindergartens and primaryschools). Insufficient air renewal leads to a confinement andaccumulation of pollutants.
CSTB has been working on preventing this confinement for several
years, and in particular has developed the ICONE marking system
to qualify air confinement on a scale from 0 (no confinement)
to 5 (extreme confinement). The ICONE index is calculated bymeasuring carbon dioxide contents while the premises areoccupied. The Grenelle (French Environmental Policy) law
that makes monitoringof air compulsory inpremises occupied by children, includes calculation of the
ICONE index.
Continuing on from this work, a measurement and management
device called LUMAIR® was designed to calculate the ICONE
index and display the degree of confinement by the use of
three-colored lights. A marketing license was produced for it in2013, with two manufacturers PYRES.COM and Environnement
S.A. Prototypes of instruments based on the concept were
presented at the 2013 Batimat trade show. A new instrument
for measuring and displaying air confinement in homes wasproduced and tested in ten homes in 2013.

A NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR MONITORING
AIR QUALITY AND COMFORTIN THERMALLY EFFICIENT BUILDINGSThis device installed for the Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI)
is aimed at getting better knowledge about indoor air quality and comfort
in new and rehabilitated thermally efficient buildings.
It was necessary to produce reference protocols and to centralize data across thecountry, to be able to evaluate indoor air quality in new and rehabilitated buildings,
particularly buildings that satisfy the most recent requirements of RT 2012. After astep to create these protocols and perform pilot campaigns, measurements were
initiated in about a hundred buildings in 2013 in partnership with about fifteen
operators throughout France.
Specifically CSTB, as the OQAI coordinator, has provided volunteer operators withmeasurement protocols for use in homes, office buildings and schools. Support
documents like an action sheet for use if reference values for indoor air quality
are exceeded, and a model result report form were produced and made available
to local teams. The first results are expected for the end of 2014.

29

Tracking nuisance due
to noise and vibration
by urban transport
Noise nuisance, stress, lack of sleep, noise and vibrations
generated by passing transport means have directconsequences on health.
The public demands that living areas inside buildings
and outdoors should be protected. Two European projects
in which CSTB is involved were completed in 2013
with the development of means and systems for reducing
the effects of this nuisance and the vibrations due
to railway transport at the source.

<

INNOVATIVE MEANS FOR REDUCING URBAN NOISEHOSANNA PROJECT
In situ measurement of
the acoustic efficiency ofan urban noise-abatement
wall with plant cover

HOSANNA (HOlistic and Sustainable Abatement of Noise by
optimized combinations of Natural and Artificial means),a European project resulting from the 7th Research andDevelopment Outline Program, aimed at developing innovative
systems for the abatement of noise due to land transport by a
combination of natural means such as vegetation, earth, woodand stone, and artificial means such as metal and concrete.
It was composed of 13 partners under the Swedish leadership ofChalmers University of Technology. The main objective was towork on low noise abatement protections (not more than 1 mhigh), for example using vegetation on substrate or modeling ofground as low humps.
CSTB was appointed to perform two missions: the first mission
was evaluation of the performance of such noise abatement walls
adapted to use in cities, and the second mission was an integrated
approach to all propagative effects of urban noise abatement
studied in the different technical Work Packages in the project.
Research began by producing an Inventory and choosing prediction
methods capable of evaluating the acoustic efficiency of noise
abatement protections with complex shapes. The study then went
on to study small innovative screens and conventional noise
abatement screens with plant cover, installed alongside road andrailway noise sources. The results are very promising for
improvement of the urban soundscape provided that these acoustic
protections can be installed sufficiently close to noise sources,
particularly if the addition of low screens between traffic lanes is
considered for road traffic in the city and tramways. An experimentcarried out on the Grenoble tramway has showed a reduction of
about 12 decibels from an initial noise level of 80 decibels forpedestrians and cyclists.
CSTB’s other work consisted of defining a simple hybrid methodof integrating the different propagative effects of reducing urban
noise for which there is no complete engineering method at thepresent time. This methodology for transforming digital results
obtained for complex geometries could be integrated in the shortterm into acoustic engineering software such as Mithra-SIG

30developed by CSTB. In addition tothis method, auralization of noise
has been used to reproduce the soundscape before and after theuse of acoustic protection systems for a perceptive comparison
including 3D effects, using a dedicated sound installation. This
realistic demonstration that can be enhanced by the use of a
dynamic 3D visual support, is a valuable tool for communicationand cooperation, and is already widely used by the General Councilof the Nord Department for its new road projects. The system has
been available for several years and has been enriched based on
the results of a PhD thesis led by CSTB and completed in 2013.
The purpose of this PhD thesis was to improve the reproductionof road traffic noise based on a step-by-step approach for soundsequences and to develop appropriate software. This new tool
can be used for example to obtain noise conforming withvariations in engine speeds. It then becomes possible to simulate
accelerations, decelerations and gear changes of vehicles, such
simulations being essential for characterizing dense urban
environment. The traffic model part of this auralization, also usedin the HOSANNA context, was carried out in cooperation with
LICIT (IFSTTAR-ENTPE joint laboratory).
RAILWAY NOISE AND VIBRATIONSThe same objective to reduce noise and vibrations, in this caseapplied to railway vibrations, was the subject of work done as partof the European RIVAS (Railway Induced Vibration Abatement
Solutions) project. Five railway companies, rolling stock
manufacturers and several European research centers including
CSTB, cooperated in this project coordinated by the International
Union of Railways. The objective was to attenuate noise emitted
at the source and thus reduce vibrations inside neighboringbuildings (that can be felt) and noise (structure-borne) inducedby these vibrations.
CSTB’s mission consisted of using calculations to evaluate thepositive effects of protection measures developed by the different
participants in buildings, including improved bogies, maintenanceof wheels and rails, mat under sleepers, screens in the ground, etc.
CSTB main objective was to verify the extent to which inhabitants
were sensitive to improvements made varying from a few dB to
more than ten dB, depending on the systems used and thefrequency bands.
This project that lasted for three years and was completed in 2013,
began with an Inventory of models and indicators for exposure
to nuisance. The second step consisted of sorting these models
and indicators and choosing which appeared most appropriate
for the evaluation. The study showed the variability of situations
in different countries, showing a greater variety in countries northof France, particularly in terms of measurement standards. Empiricaland statistical data in these countries were used to develop a
simplified tool providing realistic results about the effects ofstudied solutions and including the calculation of exposure
indicators, by making comparisons with a theoretical (finite
element) model developed by CSTB. The abatement of noise andvibrational exposure of local inhabitants can be estimated andtherefore the gain in comfort can be evaluated for each given
treatment type.
This work should be used to provide a basis for national
standardization on the subject. Furthermore, reconciliation of
methods and indicators by CSTB offers solutions for international
harmonization in the field.

Quantifying radon in the home
The development of a simplified but reliable method of evaluating the presenceof this radioactive gas in homes is useful to evaluate the health risk faster,particularly for management of radon in existing homes.
We do not talk about exposure to radon as much as tobacco,and yet it is the second cause of lung cancer in France. It is also
the most frequent risk of exposure to significant radioactive
doses. This radioactive gas originating from the decay of uranium
and radium is present in the ground and in water naturally invariable quantities and densities, depending on the regions. In
some configurations, levels can become dangerous for people
in buildings.
At the present time, the time required by investigation methods
for measuring the radon content in a room can be an obstacle
under some circumstances, particularly in the context of defining
management methods for existing homes. CSTB carried out afour-year study that was completed in 2013 in an attempt toshorten this time, while assuring that the method used remains
representative and realistic.

The results were compared with results derived from digital
simulation, increasing confidence in the existing model. Therefore,
these illustrative results were used as a basis for defining anevaluation method to characterize the radon risk in the building.
Different pressure and vacuum levels were generated using a
blower door mostly used to perform tests on the efficiency of air
tightness in homes. The result is that radon entries are exacerbatedand entry into buildings can be measured. This operation canvalidate a “radon potential” that can then be compared withventilation models. The operation requires a one-day campaign.
The next step is to test this protocol on a larger sample of homes
to validate its relevance so that this method can eventually be
used so as to facilitate management of the radon risk in the home.

> SOME SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATION REFERENCES

Emission characteristics of air pollutantsfrom incense and candle burning in indoor
atmospheres
MANOUKIAN A., QUIVET E.,
TEMIMEROUSSEL B., NICOLAS M.,
MAUPETIT F., WORTHAM H.
Environmental science and pollution
research, 20/7, July 2013, p. 46-59-4670[doi:10.1007/s11356-012-1394-y]

Positive associations between respiratory
outcomes and fungal index in rural
inhabitants of a representative sample
of French dwellings
HULIN M., MOULARAT S., KIRCHNER S.,
ROBINE E., MANDIN C.,
ANNESI-MAESANO I.
International Journal of Hygiene andEnvironmental Health, 216/2, March 2013,
p. 155-162 [doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.02.011]> TRAINING“Indoor air quality:
global approach” (ENV11)

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Air stuffiness and air exchange rate
in French schools and day-care centers,
RAMALHO O., MANDIN C., RIBERON J.,WYART G.,
The international journal of ventilation,
12/2, September 2013, p.175-180[doi: 10.5555/2044-4044-12.2.175]

Analytical quantification of airflows fromsoil through building substructures
DIALLO T.M.O., COLLIGNAN B., ALLARD F.
Building simulation, 6/1, March 2013, p. 81-94[doi:10.1007/s12273-012-0095-2]

FIN

Acoustic performance of gabions noisebarriers: numerical and experimental
approaches
KOUSSA F., DEFRANCE J., JEAN P.,
BLANC-BENON P.
Applied Acoustics, 74/1, 2013, p. 189-197[doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.07.009]

31

<
LES HALLES CANOPY ROOF
Architect Patrick Berger,
Jacques Anziutti
Innovation
VIRY-ATEx 1963:
construction of glass roofs
with plane or convex
laminated glazing retainedon two opposite sides
SEELE-ATEx 2041:
construction of outer roofs
and canopies with planeor convex laminated glazing
retained on two opposite sides
LAUBEUF-ATEx 2047:
lightweight façades for whichinsulating glazing is retainedby clamping the innercomponent with SSG bondingof the outer structural glazing,some of which is convex
and insulating

32

Technological changes related to the search for global building
performance have led to a re-examination of the question of risks(natural and accidental origin), in buildings and at the scale of a city.
CSTB has done this through research, expertise and evaluation
services. Maintaining and extending a network of regional, national
and international partners is a key element of success. These changes
also require major experimental facilities such as the Vulcain furnaceand the Jules Verne climatic wind tunnel.

STÉPHANIE VALLERENT, Risk mitigation R&D Program Manager,
Responsible for the Research Partnerships Development mission

Risk
mitigation
Major ambitions to save energy and to limit emissions ofgreenhouse gases include commitments to intensify research andexpertise efforts on the vulnerability of existing buildings tonatural and accidental risks.
Adaptations are always necessary to make design choices and to
improve performances made possible through technical progress(increasingly large civil engineering works, therefore moresensitive to the effect of storms and wind).
The form taken by fire risks, risks due to weather (wind, snow,
flooding, storm, heat wave, etc.) and seismic risks can be different
for the structures and persons who occupy them.
CSTB has benefited from its high level internationally recognizedexpertise in performing its mission for the Risk Mitigation priority.
It has unique means in Europe, particularly with the latest
acquired facilities such as Vulcain. It is continuing to extend its
knowledge (for example about wind-related phenomena), while
continuing its mission to validate emerging techniques. It isessential that new systems should be qualified taking account of
all construction risks considered separately (for example fire
resistance or mechanical strength alone) or combined.

This combined approach to risks and their effects at very different
scales applies to the component itself and its suitability for
its function, to the structure considered as a whole including
its strength and reliability, and also to the neighborhood andurban environment.
TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION
AND FEASIBILITYCSTB’s work includes the development of economic solutions
adapted to the variety of geographic and climatic contexts.
The objective is to provide players in the construction sector withthe tools that they need to predict vulnerability of the structure todifferent risks and to choose the most appropriate solutions
for their needs to combine safety of persons and property andbuilding performance. This is the context in which CSTB performed
different actions in 2013 for the development of performancedriven approaches. Fire remains a major risk, and fire risk studies
are carried out on materials, structures and systems including
smoke removal systems, taking account of new sustainablebuilding data. But other risks, for example related to uncertain
weather, must be considered in a global approach that must leadto the development of evaluation and then prediction tools.

33Trinity tower in La Défense,
Paris District Court:
the multi-disciplinary approach
The CSTB Carnot Institute was called in during the year 2013
to perform specialized studies related to a number of symbolic
construction projects. Designers called for multi-disciplinary
expertise and major facilities for the Trinity tower in La Défense
and for the Paris District Court.

WIND RESISTANCE AND AERO-ACOUSTICS
In particular, the facilities were used to determine the behaviorof the building and all technical and architectural projections
such as sunscreens, photovoltaic panels, antennas, etc., underwind. Simulations at different scales depending on needs (from1:200 to full size) were made in the Jules Verne wind tunnel in
Nantes that reproduces wind under maximum conditions.
Studies included the sizing of foundations and façades, dynamic
and vibration behavior of the tower and behavior of cranes underwind for which the balance is seriously disturbed close to tallbuildings, in addition to evaluations of comfort in wind conditions
near the bottom of the building and inside it (due to theacceleration phenomenon). Finally, special studies were carriedout on all projections to assure that they cannot be torn off.
CSTB also has test facilities capable of evaluating the consequencesof direct aero-acoustic phenomena caused by the noise of windon projections, and indirect aero-acoustic phenomena caused byvibrations specific to the object.
Tools and facilities contributed by the CSTB group for use by thedesign teams, including the Jules Verne and the Eiffel windtunnels, helped to make all types of measurements, essentiallyof strength.
SUNSHINE STUDIESCSTB experts carried out sunshine studies at the same time andalso for the Trinity tower, on tools developed by specialists,
particularly a 3D model of the La Défense district into which
new projects can be inserted.

34

The PHANIE software, also
developed by CSTB and its
complementary HELIODON
module, are then used todetermine the position of
shadows depending on theseason. Precision depends on
the need, and can vary from theequinox and solstice alone, or atsteps of 6 minutes from when
the sun rises to when it sets.
Shadows on surrounding façades,
public areas and sensitive nearby
locations (squares, schools, etc.)
can thus be evaluated. Fourteenareas surrounding Trinity were thus
observed. Results are provided in
the form of tables and maps.

<

The construction of tall buildings raises a number of questions.
For wind, design includes calculations to assure that components
resist wind in the long term. Usage needs to be studied bymeasuring the comfort of occupants in relation to building
movements under wind pressure. Furthermore, the constructionof a new building significantly changes the natural lighting of
its environment and studies of introduced shadow effects(depending on the time and the season) are becoming
increasingly necessary. Construction choices also need to takeaccount of prevention of the fire risk. This three-fold service
was provided by CSTB for construction of the Trinity tower in
La Défense because it has the human skills, and it is also the
only organization in France with the facility necessary to provide
a complete and reliable approach.

TRINITY TOWER,
La Défense.
Architect:
Crochon Brullmann+ partners

GUARANTEE BEHAVIOR
OF THE STRUCTURE
IN CASE OF FIRE
Finally, Trinity is unusual in that it is built above roads that willthus pass under the tower. The client asked CSTB to study therisk of scaling of concrete on these roads. CSTB had alreadyapproached this complex phenomenon that depends on many
parameters, in previous studies. There is no appropriate predictive
calculation method, the only way to determine the risk isexperimental verification of the phenomenon. Therefore CSTB
has set up a test protocol necessary for these verifications,specifying concrete formulation parameters to obtain the mostreliable characteristics (porosity, size grading, etc.).
WIND AND LIGHTING FOR PARIS DISTRICT COURT
The Project Manager asked CSTB to carry out a wind resistancestudy for Paris District Court, on façade panels that were tested
using a 1:25 scale model in the Jules Verne wind tunnel. Anotherspecial study was carried out in parallel on natural lighting of
the 27-meter high lobby for the project, illuminated particularly
through ninety skylights, projecting from architectural roofs forwhich the project manager wanted to optimize performances
without changing the dimensions. The study was also carriedout with a 3D model using the PHANIE software.

Fire resistanceof large concrete walls
A PhD study carried out in partnership with the National Ponts et Chaussées school
has led to the definition of a design methodology for industrial building walls to resist fire,
adapted to the case of large concrete panels.
The use of large concrete panels is widely accepted for industrial
and storage buildings. These construction components may bemade as single pieces or by the assembly of prefabricated panels,
and must satisfy the requirements of fire regulations. Their fire
resistance time varies depending on the nature and usage of thepremises and it must be sufficient to guarantee integrity of thebuilding for long enough for occupants to evacuate.
Combinations of bending and tension-compression forces areapplied to large walls in a fire. These constraints depend firstly
on the effect of heat on one of their sides, and secondly andconsequently on their self-weight that becomes highly off-centered
due to deformation of the panel.
AN ANALYTIC FORMULATION
These stresses significantly modify their mechanical characteristics,
firstly through their influence on their geometry, and secondly
by changing their degree of resistance. This combination cancause collapse of the structure before the time required by
the regulations.

The PHD thesis done at CSTB on the fire resistance of large concrete
compartmenting panels was aimed at compensating for the lackof data on this behavior and providing a design methodology thatcan be used by professionals.
It is based on the ultimate strength design method, applicable todifferent types of structures and was justified by validation tests
carried out in CSTB’s laboratories.
The model uses an analytical formulation to avoid difficulties
related to digital calculations. It was compared with different
behavioral studies of panels depending on their position, forces
applied to them, and even the types of reinforcement in them.
Cold tests and fire tests have confirmed that comparisons can bemade with previous experiments. They were carried out firstly at
small scale (on 1m long and 45 cm wide models) and will be
extended to large scale models in a few months using CSTB’s Vulcain
furnace (9 x 3 meters). This final step will clarify knowledge andcomplete the methodology, for example to identify any phenomenathat have been neglected due to simplification requirements.

VULCAIN SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
The research program was defined in liaison
with a group of international experts.
CSTB gathered together a group of international experts to form the scientificcommittee that validated three research topics in particular, before the official
inauguration of the large Vulcain furnace for fire resistance tests. The first
topic was work on second order effects, namely effects dependent on size. For
example, increasing the size of the test piece from 3 x 3 meters to more than
9 x 3 meters showed that phenomena that might have been neglected in thefirst case have an influence on the result in the second case.
The development of a virtual furnace consists of developing a digital test
simulation method and then simulating the phenomenon under changing
conditions (for example temperature). Hybrid tests must be capable ofevaluating the vulnerability of a complete structure to fire when only one
element is tested in Vulcain. The work will concentrate on the developmentof interaction between Vulcain and the digital software, so that test
conditions can be modified in real time.
Finally, research on performance-driven analysis of unprotectedconcrete structures will study the phenomenon of concrete spallingwhen exposed to fire and the behavior of three-dimensional structures
and their connections in case of a fire.

35

Structures: reinforcement anchors
tested under fireAn experimental evaluation and calculation method was developed as part of a PhD thesis
completed at CSTB in 2013, to guarantee the fire safety of structural assemblies
in which chemical add-on reinforcement anchors are used.
Some of the research was carried out in partnership with the American NIST.
Reinforcement can be installed in a concrete structure bychemical bonding using polymer adhesives. This technique cancreate connections between elements of a reinforced concrete
structure. In particular, it makes it possible to build onto existingelements (such as the connection of a floor to an existing wall).
It is fast and easy to install reinforcement by bonding, giving
greater flexibility in control of work on site. At ambient
temperature, the resistance of these chemical anchors is similar
to the resistance of conventional steel/concrete connections.
However, some studies have shown that bond weakens quickly
as the temperature increases. This is why the behavior of theseanchors under fire has to be studied. The final objective is topredict the time during which structural stability of a building
is maintained during a fire.
The two objectives of a PhD study carried out at CSTB up to 2013in partnership with the Douai École des Mines were firstly toknow and understand the phenomena and secondly to propose
a design method taking them into account to assure that theassembly will resist for the time required by the regulations.
A first part of the work was done in four phases, to understandthe mechanisms.
The first task was to characterize the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the polymer material alone. This work
was done in the United States within a partnership between
CSTB and NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technologies)
during six months.

The second task was to combine the three materials (concrete,
rebars and polymers) during high temperature tear-off tests.
Operations were carried out in CSTB laboratories. These firsttwo steps thus collected a set of data essential for understanding
the phenomena, and then for creating the model.
The next step was a theoretical modeling phase to define thestress distribution along anchors to determine the resistance ofthe different configurations. A predictive thermo-mechanicalmodel was created to determine the time to failure of thestructure in the case of a real fire.
A test was carried out on 3-meter long brackets in the Vulcain
furnace until collapse occurred after 3 hours’ exposure to fire.
The experimental results obtained showed good agreement
between model and experiment.
A second work phase logically following on from the first is now
under way. It is being done by European working groups of EOTA(European Organisation for Technical Assessment). The objective
is to define assessment and design methods for anchors thatwill be published. The assessment methodology is being
constructed in cooperation with other technical approval bodies
and with chemical resin manufacturers.
This research activity will be continued in 2014, and extended
to include timber. New partnerships like that with the NAVIER
Institute will be created. A second PhD thesis will be conductedon this topic, and a “large fire” test will be made in the Vulcain
furnace to validate the model.

FIRE SAFETY OF FAÇADES
The international conference organized by CSTB showed the need for better knowledge.
About 200 persons from 32 different countries attended the Fire Safety of Façades (FSF) conference
organized by CSTB in November 2013. Engineers, research workers, manufacturers, persons responsible
for regulations met for two days to debate Current Practice and the advantage of organizing aninternational network to get a better understanding of phenomena that have to be studied in moredetail due to changing techniques. The medium-term objective was to set up harmonized European
design rules.
The scientific committee for this conference was led by SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden,
the Swedish equivalent of CSTB. The debates focused on engineering of fire safety, national
regulations, assessment methods, etc. An analysis of currently available tools showed the needto change from an assessment in terms of fire reaction and resistance, to a global assessmentof the system. The conference proceedings that include 38 publications are available freely on
the Matec Web of Conferences Internet site.
A new conference on this program will be organized in Sweden in 2016 considering the interestof participants and the usefulness of working on a subject in which all countries are interested.
In the meantime, a PhD study was initiated at CSTB in October 2013.

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Composite wood / insulation panels

A C O O P E R AT I V E A P P R O A C H

iNTHE INNOVATIVE SYSTEM
Techniwood, a small and medium-sized enterprise located in Rhône-Alps region, developed the Panobloc®
construction system composed of large structural panels with alternate solid wood and insulation layers intersecting
at 90° and offset from each other. These panels are used to make curtain walls, load-bearing walls, floors, roof
supports and waterproofing systems. The innovation lies in the offset wood lattice within which insulation is glued
in position, rather than simply being put into place. This gives a very good waterproofing, very good fire resistanceand very good real temperature performance (no thermal bridges) making the panel very long-lasting. The
industrial system, in which the woodwork and the skins are integrated in the factory, can be used for new construction
or for rehabilitation.

PROSPECTS
CSTB will guide the manufacturer in capturing international markets, in a 100% CSTB “ID+Développement” service.
Following the different ATEx approvals, Techniwood will make Technical Assessment requests to define the initiatedprocedures in more detail. New tests should be carried out in addition to the tests done to model the panel.

Wood and wheat straw façade
THE INNOVATIVE SYSTEM
Gaujard technologie Scop has developed prefabricated wood frame boxes
inside which highly compressed straw is placed and used as thermal
insulation. Straw is an insulation that can be used in passive constructions.
This system combines ecological and economic advantages; for farmers,
it is a new outlet for an excess product. The annual straw production isseveral hundred thousand tons. 10% of this production alone could satisfy
needs for the insulation of 300,000 new homes built every year in France.
This very abundant product is renewed every year, is available locally, it
consumes little grey energy, stores carbon dioxide and its price is very affordable.

Evolution of the Parisian urban climate
under a global changing climate
LEMONSU A., KOUNKOU-ARNAUD R.,
DESPLAT J., SALAGNAC J.L., MASSON V.
Climatic change, 116/3-4,
February 2013, p 679-692[doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0521-6]

Ten years of increased hydrocarbon
temperature curves in French tunnels
TAILLEFER N., CARLOTTI P., LEMERLE C.,
AVENEL R., LARIVE C., PIMIENTA P.
Fire technology, 49/2, April 2013, p. 531549 [doi:10.1007/s10694-012-0259-8]

The use of Petri nets and a two-zone model
for fire scene reconstruction.
MULLER A., DEMOUGE F., JEGUIRIM M.,
FROMY P., VANTELON J.P.
Fire safety journal, 55, January 2013,
p. 139-151[doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.10.006]> TRAINING
Main pathologies
in contemporary buildings(TEC9)

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PROSPECTS
The design office has carried out a number of projects since the tests done on the system,
including school groups, dwellings and a theatre.
Gaujard technologie Scop has hired several persons since its activity started to grow sharply.

Computational nonlinear thermomechanicalmodel of large light partition walls
based on experimental analyses andprobabilistic models
DO T. T., SOIZE C., HECK J.V.
Computer-aided civil and infrastructureengineering, 28/2, February 2013, p. 81-97[doi:10.1111/j.1467-8667.2012.00782.x]

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THE ASSESSMENT APPROACH
1- LEPIR II fire test on façade, normalized experimental test carried out by CSTB to verify fire propagation
conditions between two levels through the inside and outside of the building: these data are essential for
determining the behavior of the wood-straw assembly. This was the first test of this type done in France.
2- Authorization by the Committee for the Study and Classification of Materials and Components withregard to the Fire Risk (CECMI) to use this system to build public buildings with ground floor + 2 floors(three levels).
3- ATEx B to verify the durability of façades. The digital simulation for water vapor transfers was sufficientfor this technical assessment that was investigated by CSTB.

> SOME SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATIONREFERENCES

FIN

THE ASSESSMENT APPROACH
1- Assessment of the technical feasibility of the product as part of a preliminary study approach through Synerbois,
an association between FCBA (French technology institute for forestry, cellulose, wood construction and furniture)
and CSTB.
2- CSTB carried out several tests, particularly on fire safety and earthquake resistance, to determine productperformances according to the initial concept.
3- Obtain a Type A ATEx.

37

<
EXTRACT FROM
A 3D DIGITAL MODEL
OF A PARIS DISTRICT
automatically reconstructedfrom aerial photos(Smart3DCapture technology)
Illustration of an applicationof this model to calculate
and then represent
the photovoltaic potentialof roofs

38

The quantity of data now used in the design and implementation of a
project is enormous. An overview is necessary at every step in thedevelopment to identify risks at all times and obviously means ofimprovement. A digital solution is essential so that every contributor
can work efficiently to obtain an optimum technical-economic result,evaluated for construction and over the life of the building, district,and city. This necessitated a large amount of work that resulted in
the development of the most appropriate tool, the building
information model (BIM).

SOUHEIL SOUBRA, Digital technologies R&D Program Manager,
Information Technologies and Knowledge Dissemination
Research Deputy Director

Digital technologies
New design and operating approaches to create new methods
and tools are necessary to satisfy a number of constraints related
to sustainable construction requirements. All types of phenomena
have to be anticipated to be able to manage the increasing
complexity of projects associated with high-performancerequirements in all fields, and the search for economic optimization.
Therefore, an increasing number of data have to be taken into
account and overviews have to be available as early as possible,
at all scales from component to the city.

Buoyed by its experience and knowledge, in 2013 CSTB completed
new steps in the trend towards total integration of designs. It moved
on from research to applications, without neglecting its mission todisseminate knowledge to everyone interested and particularly
very small, small- and medium-sized enterprises. CSTB is taking
steps to make means of sharing all data that might improve a project
available to everyone concerned as early as possible, in addition to
its work on scientific developments based on interoperability, training
and disseminating information, and developing tools.

This satisfies the needs of project management striving to achieve
efficiency. Investments also have to be controlled and managers
attempting to optimize final global operations have to be satisfied.
Finally, the expectations of professionals showing an increasing
interest in a digital model approach have to be taken into account.
The current build-up in the momentum of the digital model ismirrored by the increasing popularity of the generic term BIM(Building Information Model) to refer to the general problem ofacquiring and sharing information at different scales.

Progress for manufacturers includes digitization of catalogues tofacilitate the use of innovations in specification tools. Some systems
are so complex that the user needs help for quickly measuring theefficiency of innovative construction systems. In this context, it isimportant to mention significant progress made with the COSYBIM
project. The scale then changes from a component to a structure,
for which the digital model can give information at every levelfrom fine details to a global view, facilitating various assessments(thermal, acoustic and environmental performances, etc.).

This set of objectives structures the Digital technologies scientificand technical priority that can call upon extensive expertise inthese fields.

Once again CSTB’s work dealt with data integration, organizationof computerized exchanges and also the organization of feedback
loops to identify where to implement potential improvements.
Finally, at the scale of the city, the use of a digital model helps tocollect a considerable amount of data useful to citizens andcouncillors or decision-makers, to make a better assessment of
the impact of planned developments, allowing for factors such as
traffic, noise, air quality.

Several actions carried out lie within the scope of the Carnot system.
The current context in Europe is tending to encourage this approachand a new directive concerning public contracts is aimed atdeveloping the use of digital models to facilitate informationexchanges between everyone concerned.

39

<
MODELING OF THE STICCAMPUS PROJECT
as part of the Sophia-Antipolis
and Alpes-Maritimes
Department global model
Architect:
Jean-Michel WILMOTTESIMBIO:
facilitate digital dialogue
A digital model provides support data necessary to produce a summary of work done by allcontributors and its purpose is to facilitate communications between persons doing the work andtheir tools. Significant progress was made in 2013 with the SIMBIO project that includes thedevelopment of common models and harmonization of data before tools can become interoperable.
The SIMBIO (Interoperable and Open SIMulation of Buildings)
project is aimed at defining open methods for integration andinteroperability of software tools, to design efficient, comfortable
and healthy new or renovated buildings. These tools are designed
to work together making use of the digital model (BIM), that acts
as a common work platform for all trades and disciplines.
Progress made with SIMBIO in 2013 applied to all development levels
including the design platform itself, interoperability and physicalcommunication between tools, and interoperability between models.
SIMBIO, led by CSTB in partnership with publishers and manufacturers, is related to two ANR Maevia and Cosimphi projects
and the European HOLISTEEC project. The MAEVIA (Interoperable
and Adaptable Model Applied to Energy and Ventilation) project
done with CNRS, the University of La Rochelle and EDF, applies40

to mathematical models and their reversibility and its purpose isto produce simplified simulators of aeraulic and ventilation
phenomena applied to construction.
The COSIMPHI (Interactive Multi-PHysical CO-SImulation) project
carried out in partnership with the Tribu BET (Thermal Studies
Office), Toulouse School of Architecture, CEA and G2ELab and the
University of La Rochelle, is aimed at designing and renovating
installations by simultaneously dealing with environments (acoustic,visual, air and temperature quality) and energy and environmental
efficiency. It deals with the core of interoperable calculations.
Finally, HOLISTEEC (Holistic and Optimized Life-cycle Integrated
SupporT for Energy-Efficient building design and Construction), isdedicated especially to 2-directional exchanges between BIM andbusiness tools, including a part of multi-physical co-simulation.

REFINING MODELS AND ACHIEVING RETROACTIVITY

REDUCING UNCERTAINTIESSIMBIO is aimed at three priority objectives, namely to promote a
global building approach, to provide detailed calculation methods
in which no double input is necessary (also eliminating thecorresponding errors) and to support public policies in terms ofregulations. Integration of RT 2012, anticipation of RT 2020 andthe need in the near future to take account of human health criteria
have already been taken into account or will be shortly.

Finally apart from the data themselves, work has also been doneon most models to limit uncertainties due to simplifications.
Thus, a thermal model does not allow for the behavior of theoccupant, or faults in installations at the time of their use, oreven degradation due to aging of the structure. The objective isthen to define possible ranges of results that can be used to
predict scenarios for change. This work was done and is continuingwith a team of sociologists. For example, the behavior of
inhabitants has an influence on the efficiency of ventilation
installations. Their consequences are taken into accountparticularly in work related to MAEVIA to make aeraulic andventilation phenomena study models more realistic.

Improvement of the design platform in 2013 applied particularly
to the possibility of integrating and working on multi-scale preassembled components. The objective is to obtain a closer relation
between specialized software and the BIM, so that action can betaken on one or several elements of a complex component (suchas the combination of concrete, an insulation material and a skin)
to optimize performance.

Finally in 2013, the environment topic was used to justify the link
between the digital model and business models. It is now possible
to use the BIM model and create a relation with the INIES databasecoupled with the Élodie software, to obtain complete projectassessments. The result obtained is an environmental “trade view”
of projects that precedes the thermal view planned for 2014. This
progress was materialized through CSTB’s marketing of theeveBIM-Élodie software tool that is capable of using BIM digitalmodels as input data for projects for which the performance canbe evaluated by the Élodie software.

<

More generally, another achievement in 2013, namely interoperability, which applies to all technical problems, makes it
possible to integrate all assumptions and data from all disciplines
so that none are neglected. For example, this step enables athermal engineer to work only on the external walls while theacoustics engineer works on internal and external walls, at thetime the core calculations are being done (while waiting fortranslation into software tools).

Moreover, a statistical base of construction defects was begun in2013 and will be used to improve models that, once defined, will be
adapted for use in software tools. Naturally, the work will be donetaking account of all projects for which CSTB’s digital technologies
program is used.

FOCUS ON GRAPHIC DISPLAY
OF THE IREEN PROJECTICT FOR MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY IN NEIGHBORHOODS
The final report of the IREEN (ICT Roadmap for Energy Efficient
Neighborhoods) project completed in 2013, opens up prospects
for the use of information and communication technologies
to improve energy performance on the urban scale.
The objective of the European IREEN project was to fix priorities in the fieldof research on information and communication technologies to improve energy
efficiency in neighborhoods. The objective was to perform an international
study and then, based on an inventory of the situation, to suggest possiblelines of development. Seven partners worked alongside CSTB to support thistask, in which about 80 experts from all fields participated, resulting in the
publication of a report in enriched graphic form in 2013. The other partners
are Manchester City Council, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland,
Atos Spain s.a.e, Acciona Infrastructuras, GreenIT Amsterdam, D’Appolonia
s.p.a. and Austrian Institute of Technology.
This report explores several possibilities starting from examples of urban
situations. Responses may relate to social aspects such as involvementof citizens through social networks, or technical aspects such as
centralized management of all components of a neighborhood using
computer tools.

41

The Decision 3D service
for city planners
This service is based on the use of a precise 3D geographic database,built and updated automatically from aerial photographs.
It is a common denominator for a very large number of developments and plans
in all fields related to urban development, and includes a platform of tools
particularly useful for decision-makers.
FOR MEDIUM-SIZED CITIESThe Decision 3D service is aimed particularly at medium-sized
cities because it can result in a significant reduction in the costof operations (modeling, simulations), while increasing precisionand reliability. Different uses can be imagined, particularly related
to expertises developed by CSTB or its partners. Eventually,
industrial partnerships could also be developed for Decision 3D.
Decision 3D is correlated with CSTB’s “Urban information” R&D
program. In particular, partners will be required to sign the “Digitalcity” charter (release planned for September 2014) so as to respectcommitments intended to guarantee quality of data, transparencyof the results and interoperability between the different services
and the digital model. The reliability and updating of input data
are essential to precisely measure the many impacts of planned
urban projects.

<

Decision 3D uses the 3D photogrammetry reconstruction
technology to build precise and realistic 3D data based on aerial
photos. The raw data are then processed and transformed to
produce a wide variety of maps including land occupancy, acoustic
impacts related to infrastructures, precise photovoltaic potentialof an urban zone, light pollution, illumination of remarkable urban
areas, dispersion of traffic-related pollutants, and exposure toelectromagnetic waves. Decision 3D is based on the technology
developed by the Acute 3D start-up originating from thepartnership between CSTB and the National Ponts et Chaussées
school, as part of the Imagine laboratory, to offer a diversified
product range in the context of a consortium initiated with CSTB
and Technicom – IGN (French National Geographic Institute) andother partners being invited to join the group at the beginningof 2014. Its added value consists of gradually changing from apurely geometric set of data to a semantic interpretation
identifying and analyzing urban objects by cross referencing themwith geographic information systems to define their characteristics.
These enriched and cross-checked data can then be sent directly
to physical models and simulations developed by CSTB and its
partners, such as IFSTTAR (French Institute of Sciences andTechnologies for Transport, Development and Networks) and
CEREMA (Study and Expertise Center on Risks, the Environment,
Mobility and Development).

SIMULATION OF THE
SOLAR POTENTIAL OF
A NEIGHBORHOOD,
produced using
the eveCity software42

BIM-Edition: widespread useof the digital model
The BIM-Edition software solution presented at Batimat in 2013 aims at providing
a cooperative work platform for use in the construction sector in 2014, wide open
to software using the IFC format and enriched with all CSTB’s design developments(thermal, acoustic, environment, etc.).
Use of the digital model will only become widespread if the service
is affordable for all professionals. Calls for bid for the construction
sector will eventually include an obligation to use it. Therefore itis essential that all tools necessary for its operation should beavailable so that everyone can become familiar with these newpractices. They thus will be able to satisfy the increasing numberof requirements for digital deliverables.
This is the aim of the BIM-Edition solution that is now mature andwas presented at Batimat 2013; it should be marketed in the firstquarter of 2014.
BIM-Edition was developed by CSTB, in cooperation with the Lascom
software publisher, specialist in cooperative work tools including
PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) platforms. Its ambition is to
propose an online range of software tools allowing common workon a platform hosted on a web server developed and managed by
Lascom. Potential users working on the same project can work on
it with their tools in return for a monthly subscription, including
the use of an eveBim viewer developed by CSTB. The platform isbased on the IFC standard and is intended to be open to all businesssoftware using the same protocol. It is the first time that such atool has been created, and specifically that it has been possible toshare a BIM digital model between different organizations basedon a business logic (by batch, by phase, etc.).

> SOME SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATIONREFERENCES

MANAGE RIGHTS AND ORGANISE EXCHANGES
Several steps necessary to optimize efficiency were necessary
before the model could be implemented. Firstly, it was necessary
to define the responsibility of everyone concerned, in otherwords to determine everyone read and write rights on the model,
and the scope of his work. In the same way, an annotation
principle enables everyone to comment on, validate, issue
reserves and in general make all sorts of exchanges, for which
traces are kept. Technical and regulatory comments written
here will be duly considered.
Eventually, coupling will be set up with all the tools developed by
CSTB in the thermal, acoustic and even surveying fields (scanningplan or laser telemetry, etc.).
BIM-Edition’s organization is consistent with the BIM 2015
cooperative project that combines CSTB and the Mediaconstructassociation under the control of the Ministry of Industrial Renewal.
It is aimed at setting up a national procedure for assessment andcertification of IFC interfaces of software publishers.
A first application planned for 2014 is the design of Ajaccio
hospital that is the first call for bids in France imposing a responseusing the digital model for all phases of the project, as far as the
As-Built Works file.

Quels apports des maquettes numériques
urbaines dans les projets urbains durables ?
(What are the benefits of urban digital models
in sustainable urban projects?)
BAILLY E., DURET H., TUAL M.
Rapport CSTB/DESH, mai 2013, 54 p.

Natural ventilation design for low-rise buildings:
comparison between a nodal model and wind tunnel tests
DEMOUGE F., FAURE X.
Building Simulation 2013, 13th International conference of
the International building performance simulation association,
August 25-28, 2013, Chambéry, France, p. 3315-3321

ECOBIM, Value driven life cycle basedsustainable business models
HUOVILA P., ANTUNA-ROZADO C.,SOUBRA S., TRINIUS W.
Sustainable Building 2013, Implementing
sustainability: barriers and chance,
April 24-26, 2013, Munich, Germany, 7 p.

Maquette numérique urbaine au CSTB :état des lieux et perspectives face au marché(CSTB’s urban digital model: inventory and prospects
facing the market)
SOULA J.
Rapport CSTB/TIDS, mai 2013, 54 p. [MOD-EVE-12-187-RE]

ICT Roadmap for energy efficient neighborhoods:
IREEN reference guide
TOMMIS M., DECORME R. (EDS)CSTB Sophia Antipolis, 2013, 100 p.

Boîte à outils R&D CSTB pour l’évaluation
intégrée des opérations d’aménagement
urbain durable(CSTB’s R&D toolbox for integrated
evaluation of sustainable urban
development operations)
BELZITI D. et al.
CSTB/TIDS Report, January 2013, 69 p.

Estimating and reducing uncertainties in ray-tracing
techniques for electromagnetic field exposurein urban areas
NOE N., GAUDAIRE F., DIARRA BOUSSO LO M.
IEEE APWC 2013, 3rd IEEE-APS topical conference
on Antennas and propagation in wireless communications,
September 9-13, 2013, Torina, Italy, IEEE, 2013, p. 652-655[doi:10.1109/APWC.2013.6624897]

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> TRAINING“Assessment of the environmental performanceof a building using a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA):
using Élodie” (ENV36)

43

<
SEYDOUXPATHÉ FOUNDATION
Architect: Renzo Piano
Innovation
FRENER and REIFER
ATEx N° 1898:
use of double
curvature convex
glazing held in placeby isolated glasspressure plates

44

The Uses and economics transitions scientific and technical priority
mobilizes essentially socio-economic themes and disciplines and it isclosely related to the other four scientific and technical priorities. CSTB
thus aims to deploy its research, expertise and assessment skills toenable integration of responsible buildings, combining global
performance and usage at the scale of the neighborhood and the city.
Development of the cities and regions is at the heart of economic
development and society changes. CSTB’s ambitions are to provide
a federating role in the Sustainable City scientific and technicalpolicy in France and to provide major operational support for the
Sustainable City policy.

YANN MONTRELAY, Uses and economics transitions R&D
Program Manager,
Economics and Social Sciences Director

Uses and economics
transitions
The requirement for changes in the construction sector applies
to both volume and quality. The defined objective for upgradingenergy efficiency in all buildings by 2050 requires that theconstruction sector quadruples its annual production of square
meters of BBC (low consumption buildings).
While there has been a sudden qualitative change in requirements
for the thermal resistance of buildings, requirements for otherbuilding functions such as health, comfort, usage and risk are also
increasing. Society changes make it necessary to adapt and rethink
the building and living spaces in response to changes in usage,
expectations and environmental constraints - adaptation to aging,handicaps and home care, health risks and social vulnerabilities.
Working on usage makes it necessary for questions about habits,
life styles and the relationship to the environment to be treatedjointly, in a generalized and changing urban context.
The economic analysis and evaluations of impacts help toaccompany and guide public policies in the construction, housing,real estate and development sectors. These sectors are now
strongly guided by studies dealing with conditions for success ofan ecological transition. Special attention is paid to the residentialtertiary sector because almost 45% of final energy consumption
is concentrated in this sector. The Sustainable Building Plan withthe assistance of CSTB thus published an ambitious trend chart
in 2013 showing the main indicators for implementation of thebuilding energy efficiency program.

The first Eco-Neighborhood labels were awarded in 2013.
The Eco-Neighborhood labeling approach is the preferred
operational tool in French policy for sustainable cities in France.
At the end of 2013, the State appointed CSTB to be responsible
for national control of the 2014-2015 assessment campaign for
45 Eco-Neighborhood operations.
It is essential that actions on buildings, transport and networks,
should be more coherent, to contribute to creating sustainable
cities with everyone agreeing on the policy. This integrated
approach is based on quantitative and qualitative performancesof buildings and development, to improve the quality of lifeof citizens.
Faced with these challenges, the development, design andmanagement processes for construction will have to change
significantly. To achieve this, the various socio-economic contributors
need design, management, assessment and decision-making
assistance tools to assure economic and social efficiency of thebuilding stock. Building on past experience is also a necessary
condition to successfully select high-performance technical andeconomic solutions.
CSTB worked alongside regional communities in 2013 to performresearch and take actions, like the approach adopted in Reims, tostudy and contextualize sustainable urban development challenges.

45

<THE BANANA HANGAR
along the Buren rings,
NantesTowards a sustainable city
PUTTING PEOPLE AT THE HEART OF SUSTAINABLE CITIESParticipants in the September 2013 workshop organized by CSTB in the context
of Ecocity in Nantes, pointed out the need to give priority to associative and citizen initiatives,
so that a sustainable city can form part of an ecological transition approach.
Regardless of whether the approach is technical (energy, bioclimaticarchitecture), based on environmental objectives (reduction of
CO2 emissions by management of transport and waste) or related
to regional planning (search for central areas, adapted governance),
construction of a sustainable city often puts people in the
background, as beneficiaries of progress made in these fields andrarely as participants in taking specific initiatives. However, it must
be observed that when a person is given the opportunity, hedevelops initiatives and his initiatives are frequently successful.
The objective of the session organized by CSTB as part of Ecocity
in Nantes on the theme “Putting people at the centre of thesustainable city” was to draw the consequences from thisobservation. A study of several initiatives, frequently conceived inassociations such as Terre de Lien, and GERES CO2 solidaires(Renewable Energies, Environment and Solidarities Group) carbon
compensation program, or neighborhood and public citizen

associations such as the “Transition City movement” shows thatcitizen and association experiments, and experiments originatingfrom the social and joint economy, can make a contribution tosustainable cities. However, if this contribution is to form part ofan ecological transition approach, it seems important that publicauthorities should recognize the increasing capabilities of theseregional contributors and support synergy between them that canhave lever effects between social and ecological innovations. This
leads sociologists to believe that this “society” involvement in theecological transition is not sufficiently used. This is the reason why
public authorities should pay more attention to these initiatives
and these regional contributors and make better use of them.
At the end of this event, the General Commissariat for Sustainable
Development appointed CSTB’s “Economics and Social Sciences”
management to perform a study on the "Resilient society and social
cohesion” theme.

FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE REIMS NORTH EAST ARC

The North-East Arc is a strategic development region in greater Reims. It is composedof modest homes and industrial and railway wasteland, and offers a social,economic and urban opportunity to tie together different neighborhoods of Reims and Béthény.
The Foncière Développement Reimois (Reims Land Development)
GIE (Economic Interest Group) worked jointly with CSTB and JDL
to initiate a previously unheard Research and Development
approach in order to define an unusual sustainable urban concept
for city planning in the North-East Arc, and to envisage sustainableurban development of this part of the region. About twenty experts
and research workers in city planning, the environment (thermal,
acoustic, ventilation, solar, etc.), economy, social sciences from
CSTB and university laboratories, and representatives of EDF, theCaisse des Dépôts, all worked together in a multi-disciplinary46

research approach to contribute to writing a white book on
sustainable urban development. This white book was broken down
into a strategic guidelines plan, particularly in the context ofworkshops with research workers and experts. It is now a genuine
reference framework for development of the North East Arc.
Two books were published in 2013 following this work, a theoreticalbook, namely the White Book for sustainable development, andan operational book, namely the North-East Arc strategic
guidelines plan.

Energy insecurity:
improve regional systems
CSTB is closely involved in work done by the National Energy Insecurity Observatory,
and was appointed to perform two missions in 2013, one by the Corsica Regional Community
and the other by ADEME in Aquitaine to optimize assistance systems for the populations concerned.
The ADEME Aquitaine Regional Delegation has also adopted a
As part of the scientific control over work done by the National
policy to prevent the phenomenon by supporting a number ofEnergy Insecurity Observatory, CSTB has been working particularly
actions. It has asked a team composed of CSTB, Burgeap andon development of the phenomenon over time and in different
Batitrend to perform an audit to draw up a panorama of possible,
places, thus making use of surveys carried out since 1996 by INSEE.
desirable and achievable actions.
It involved a detailed study carried out in 2013 on characterizationof categories of persons concerned and their degree of insecurity.
This audit that is based on calling in all the partners, andA study for this purpose provided information about policies
particularly local communities, will terminate at the end of 2014
adopted in five countries and especially in the United Kingdom.
and will enable the ADEME regional delegation to better position
Experts met in a workshop led by CSTB in Paris in October on theitself in the struggle against energy insecurity.
“Resisting Energy Insecurity in Europe – Changes and action”
theme. The research work done in this context was used to publish
support material for appropriate methodologicalapproaches, indicators used, their advantages
and their limits. As a result of this expertise
AN INDICATORS TREND CHART TO EVALUATE
acquired by CSTB, the Corsica Regional Community
THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BUILDINGS
and the ADEME Aquitaine Regional Delegation
appointed CSTB to support them in their policies
The building and real estate sector represents the largest component
to prevent energy insecurity.
of the National and European energy transition policy.
Ambitious objectives are assigned to it, therefore it is essential
For the Corsica region, the Regional Community
to have a global monitoring tool.
appointed CSTB to perform an AMO (Client Aid)mission in cooperation with Burgeap and Gefosat. The
Based on existing indicators, CSTB created a trend chart for the Sustainableobjective was to propose different types of actions, for
Building Plan that offers a perspective of public data and is complementary
example to better centralize existing systems throughto the various existing publications. This work was made possible due to the
local action services to improve control over energy andcooperation of many institutional contributors and experts. The trend chart
to grant national subsidies in favor of vulnerable
will be updated once every year, and it is intended that it should be updated
populations in order to improve the energy performancein real time as the system becomes more mature. Nationally, this documentof their home and extend this device to cover the entire
will also mirror trends of Regional Economic Construction Cells (CERC).
region through a Regional General Interest program. At
The trend chart is built around 6 theme chapters and provides a snapshot
the same time, greater use of renewable energy must beof sustainable construction and renovation at the end of 2012. The new
encouraged in this region that simply distributes electricalconstruction sector has the best results, and the new thermal regulationenergy. This massive plan to support renovation for the most
RT 2012 is generally well accepted. The first encouraging results invulnerable, combined with rental mediation systems and a
the field of energy efficiency improvement have been recorded inrecent years. However, efforts have to be intensified to get on theproperty management unit concerns about 9 to 15% of theright path to achieve medium-term (2020) and long-term (2030Corsican population, namely about 10,000 households that2050) objectives. Jobs and economic activity of the building energy
are in a potential energy insecurity situation.
efficiency sector are sensitive to the economic situation, but thesector is relatively resilient.

> SOME SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATION REFERENCES

Analyse de la valeur verte dans l’immobilier de bureaux(Analysis of green value in office buildings)
LAURENCEAU S. – CSTB/DESH Report, April 2013, 20 p.

> TRAINING“Taking account of usage
in building performance” (USAG1)

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Energetic life cycle cost of energy
efficient building: French case studies
LAURENCEAU S.
SB13 Oulu, Sustainable procurement
in urban regeneration and renovation
Northern Europe and North-West Russia,
May 22–24, 2013, Oulu, Finland, 11 p.

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Recension des outils et modèles utilisés au CSTB
pour prendre en compte l’usage dans le bâtiment(List of tools and models used at CSTB to take accountof usage in buildings)
HAAS B. TRICOIRE A.
Rapport CSTB/DESH-DEE, 2013, 52 p.
[RE-151-120USC-873-USA-2.1]

47

Governanceauthorities
The missions and legal organization of the Scientific and Technical Centre for Building, an Industrial
and Commercial Public institution, are defined by the Construction Code and particularly
its articles L142-1, L142-2 and R142-1 to R142-14.
CSTB’s organization is headed by the President of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer.
The President is appointed by decree and the Chief Executive Officer by Ministerial Order.

Consultative Committee
The Consultative Committee’s mission is to support and guide CSTB’s R&D policy. Its composition is defined by
Ministerial Order and it has opened its membership widely to include multidisciplinary skills. Representatives of
Research Bodies as well as representatives of socio-economic players working in the construction sector, are now
working alongside representatives of the Government and Agencies. Michel RAY, EGIS Technical and Innovation
Director, is president.
PARTICIPANTS IN CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE MEETINGSADEME | ANAH | ANR | CGDD | CGEDD | CGI | DGALN | MINISTRY OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND HEALTH |MINISTRY OF THE ECOLOGY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY | MINISTRY OF EQUALITY OF
REGIONS AND HOUSING | MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH |BRGM | CEA | CERTU | CETE | ENPC | ENSMP MINES PARISTECH | IFSTTAR | IGN | INERIS | INSTITUTTELECOM | IRSTEA | MÉTÉO FRANCE | PRES. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-EST |ADVANCITY | AETIC | AIMCC | ASTEE | CAPEB | CERIB | CETIAT | CICF CONSTRUCTION | CINOV | CTICM |EFFINERGIE | EGIS | FCBA | FFB | FIB | FRANCE NATURE ENVIRONNEMENT | RENEWABLE ENERGIESASSOCIATION | SYNTEC INGÉNIERIE | UCI-FFB | PARIS REGIONAL UNION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT | USH |The Management Committee, the Executive Committee
The Management Committee (CODIR) produces and monitors the performance policy while remaining consistent
with the Objectives and Performance Contract. It is in charge of coordinating responsibilities between processsupervisors and for internal arbitration. It prepares Board meetings. CODIR members include the President of CSTB,
the Chief Executive Officer, the Deputy Chief Executive Officer responsible for the Research and Development
Department, the Research & Development Deputy Director, the Deputy Chief Executive Officer responsible forTechnical Management, the Technical Partnerships Deputy Director, the Secretary-General, the Human Resources
Manager, the Communication and External Relations Director, and the Marketing and European and International
Development Director. The CODIR is assisted by the “Performance Management” mission.
The Executive Committee is presented on pages 6 and 7.

48

The Board
It is composed of 18 members appointed by a Ministerial Order in three colleges:– six staff representatives;– six state representatives;– and six qualified experts.
Its skills defined by Decree apply to approving budgets and accounts, validation of the Objectives and PerformanceContract and annual research programs, and all strategic questions. The Government Commissioner, the economic
and financial Auditor General, members of the Executive Committee and the secretary of the Workers' Council attend
Board meetings.

The following members of CSTB’s board
were appointed as state representatives:
Patrick Paul DUVAL*, Representing the Minister of Scientific and Technical Research
Hoang BUI*, Representing the Minister of Industry
Bertrand DELCAMBRE, CSTB’s President, Representing the Minister responsible for Construction and Housing
Gérard GOUDAL, Representing the Minister responsible for Architecture
Jean-Christophe VILLEMAUD *, Representing the Minister for the Environment
Hervé TEPHANY, Representing the Minister responsible for Civil Security* Decree to be published in March 2014

Experts:
Henry BEAUGIRAUD, Delegate to Technical Affairs at the French Building Federation (FFB)
Alain BENTEJAC, President of Syntec-Ingénierie and President of COTEBA
François BERTIÈRE, President of Bouygues Immobilier
Emmanuelle COLBOC, Architect
Patrick LIEBUS, President of the Confederation of Craftsmen and Small Builders (CAPEB)
Jean-Marie VAISSAIRE, General Manager of Placoplâtre – Saint-Gobain

Elected staff representatives:
Catherine ANDRIEUX, CSTB Marne-la-ValléeMartina BOLLMANN, CSTB Marne-la-Vallée
Florence RENIER, CSTB Marne-la-ValléeJean-Paul FLORI, CSTB Nantes
Marie-France LEROY, CSTB Marne-la-Vallée
Claude POMPÉO, CSTB Grenoble

Also participate in Board meetings:
Étienne CRÉPON, Director of DHUP (Directorate of Homes, Urban and Country Planning)
as Government Commissioner
Albert-Patrice PEIRANO, as General Economic and Financial Auditor

49

Organization & teams
MARCH 2014

Marketingand European
and International
Development

Human
Resources

Communicationand External
Relations

Albert REIS
Director

Christophe JEANNOT
Assistant

Florence FERRY
Director

Bruno MESUREUR
Director

Bertrand DELCAMBRE
President

CSTB Grenoble
CSTB
Marne-la-Vallée
Paris

Christian COCHET
Director

Hervé CHARRUE

Pierre VERRI

Deputy Chief Executive Officer

Deputy Director

Director

Research andDevelopment Department

Franck SÉNÉCALCSTB Carnot Institute

Dominique NAERT

Assistant

Hervé CHARRUE, Director
Robert BAROUX, Deputy Director

Information
Technologies
and Knowledge
Dissemination

Economics
and Social
Sciences

Energy,Environment

Health,ComfortJean-Christophe VISIER

Christian COCHETYann MONTRELAY

Director

Director

Climatology,
Aerodynamics,
Pollution and
Purification

Patrick MORAND

Director

Julien HANS

Jacques MARTIN

Thierry WAGNER

Research Deputy Director

Delegate Director

Jean-Michel AXES

Director

Souheil SOUBRA

Delegate Director

Dominique CACCAVELLI

Séverine KIRCHNER

Research Deputy Director

Olivier TEISSIER

Renewable Energy

Hélène ANDRAULT

Economic Analysis
Manager

Jean-Robert MILLET

Research and public expertise
Deputy Director
OQAI Scientific Director

Professional
In-House Training

Public Expertise
Deputy Director

Jean-Baptiste CHENE

Lionel BERTRAND

Acoustic Tests

Information and
Software Engineering

Innovation and Development

Jérôme DEFRANCE

Jacques CHEVALIER

Éric COIGNOUX
Publishing

Environment and life cycle
engineering

Environmental and
Urban Acoustics

Alain ZARLIPatrick CORRALESFranck ANDRIEUXInnovation andServices Engineering

Computer development
and digital methods

Corinne MANDIN
Expology – Indoor Air
Quality Observatory

Christophe MARTINSONS

Mireille JANDON

Lighting and Electromagnetism

Automation andEnergy Control

François MAUPETITCharles PELÉ

Physico-chemical
Pollutants sources and transfer

Building Energy Performance

Enric ROBINE

Daniel QUENARD

Biological agents andair contaminants

Envelopes and innovative
materials

Michel VILLOT
Noise and Vibrations
in Buildings

50

Director

Pierre PALIER
Deputy Director

Christian BARRÉOlivier FLAMAND
Wind – Structures

Jean-Paul BOUCHETExtreme Climatic Loads

Marc DUFRESNE DE VIREL
Air – Comfort – Environment

Philippe HUMEAU
Water and Water Treatment

Performance
Management

GeneralSecretariat

Béatrice CROMIÈRES
Officer

Accounting
OfficeEmmanuel GIRARD
Secretary-General

Philippe THERASSE
Accounting Manager

Véronique PAPON
Assistant

CaroleCaroleLE GALL
LE GALL
Chiefdirectrice
Executivegénérale
Officer

CSTB Nantes
Jean-Michel AXESCharles BALOCHE

Director

Deputy Chief Executive Officer

Christian BARRÉCSTB Sophia
Antipolis

Assistant

Technical Department

Patrick MORAND

Charles BALOCHE, Director
Christophe MOREL, Deputy Director

Christiane PUJOL

Director
Delegateof Technical Partnerships

Safety,Structures andFire Performance

Insulation
and Cladding

Envelope
and Roofing

José FONTAN

José FONTAN

Anne VOELTZEL

Director

Director

Dominique POTIER

Director

Maxime ROGER

Michel COSSAVELLA

Director

Ménad CHENAF

Delegate Director

Delegate Director

Philippe PIED

Deputy Director

Christine GILLIOT

Stéphane GILLIOT

Delegate Director

Martial BONHOMME

Coverings – Waterproofing –Rendering and Mortars

Lightweight Construction
and Roof

Patrick BERNARD

Salem FARKH

Hubert LAGIER

Hygrothermal Engineeringof Structures

Windows and Glazing

Jean-Marie FRANCO

Fire Reaction Studies
and Tests

Stéphane HAMEURY
Expertise, Regulatory
Assessments, Research

Coralie NGUYEN
EvalIE

Hydraulics
and Sanitary
Equipment

Pipes for Fluids, Materials
Tapware and Sanitaryware

Thibaud ROUSSELLE
Processes – Services – Systems

Philippe RIVILLON
Mechanical & Fire ResistanceAnca CRONOPOL
Promoting Innovative
Technologies

51Premises
MARNE-LA-VALLEE

GRENOBLE– Energy-Environment– Economics and Social Sciences– Health-Comfort– Envelope and Roofing– Insulation and Cladding– Safety, Structures, and Fire performance– Hydraulics and Sanitary Equipment– Information Technologies and Knowledge Dissemination– OQAI (Indoor Air Quality Observatory)– Energy-Environment– Health-Comfort (acoustics, lighting, electromagnetism)– Insulation and Cladding– Envelope and Roofing– Information Technologies and Knowledge Dissemination– Acoustb, subsidiary of the CSTB group

Scientific equipment and technological platforms– ARIA – Scientific equipment for study of the sanitary qualityof construction products and equipment and structures– LABE – European laboratory for building acoustics– Laboratory for testing the seismic reaction of structures– Hydraulic and sanitary equipment laboratories– Envelope and coating test platform– VULCAIN – Scientific equipment for fire resistanceof innovative structures– Fire testing laboratories

Head Office
84, avenue Jean-JaurèsChamps-sur-Marne
F-77447 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2
Tel.: +33 (0)1 64 68 82 82
Bâtiment “Bienvenüe”
14, boulevard Newton
F-77420 Champs-sur-Marne
Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 50 28 60

Scientific equipment and technological platforms– PRE3CIE – Platform for evaluation of building envelope
products
24, rue Joseph-Fourier
F-38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères
Tel.: +33 (0)4 76 76 25 25

NANTES– Climatology, Aerodynamics, Pollution and Purification– Health-Comfort (lighting)
Scientific equipment and technological platforms– AQUASIM, research and testing platform for sustainable
management of water resources– Jules Verne climatic wind tunnel, major facility for physicalclimate simulation
11, rue Henri-Picherit
BP 82341
F-44323 Nantes Cedex 3
Tel.: +33 (0)2 40 37 20 00

SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS
PARIS– Professional training centre– Certivéa, Céquami, Cerway, subsidiaries of CSTB group4, avenue du recteur Poincaré
F-75782 Paris Cedex 16
Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 50 28 28– Information Technologies and Knowledge Dissemination– Envelope and Roofing– Energy-Environment
Scientific equipment and technological platforms– Le Corbusier immersion room for a digital modelof construction projects– Gerhome, laboratory for providing solutions for keeping
the elderly at home
– LEPS – Solar system testing laboratory
290, route des Lucioles – BP 209
F-06904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex
Tel.: +33 (0)4 93 95 67 00

52

CSTB group:
subsidiaries
Controlling noise pollution through exploration,
proposition, measurement, calculation and protection
Acoustb is a French environmental, building and industrial
acoustics consulting firm established by CSTB in partnershipwith Egis. Its services cover every link in the acoustic
analysis chain, from a single facility or infrastructureright through to acceptance of completed noise pollution
control projects.

Aerodynamic studies and testing
Aérodynamique Eiffel uses the wind tunnel built by
Gustave Eiffel in 1912, and offers its expert services
to the automotive and construction industries to examine
ventilation flows in industrial buildings and aeraulicapplications.
67, rue Boileau | F-75016 Paris
Tel.: + 33 (0)1 42 88 47 40
www.aerodynamiqueeiffel.fr

24, rue Joseph-Fourier | F-38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères
Tel.: +33 (0)4 76 03 72 20
www.egis-acoustb.fr

Energy and environmental quality and performancefor private homes
Jointly owned by the CSTB group and the Qualitel Association,
Céquami leads the market in quality certification, labeling andpromotion for new-build and refurbished homes. It is accredited
by COFRAC, and delivers, manages and develops structural
certification schemes, including NF and HQE.
4, avenue du recteur Poincaré | F-75016 Paris
Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 96 52 50
www.cequami.fr

The leading French environmental certification agency
for non-residential buildings, sustainable communities
and stakeholders
Its primary mission is to enable progress in sustainable
development, support stakeholders in their environmental
commitments, and measure, certify and promote theirperformance. Certivéa helps to reduce energy consumption
and improve health, comfort and quality of life.

Climate engineering certification
Jointly owned by ATITA, CETIAT, CSTB, Eurovent
Certification Company and LNE, Eurovent Certita
Certification is a leading European certification
organization for climate engineering. Its 35 certification
programs cover the full range of applications, from domestic
residential to industrial-scale installations.
48-50 rue de la Victoire | F-75009 Paris
Tel.: +33(0)1 75 44 71 71
www.eurovent-certification.com | www.certita.fr

Test laboratory and certification bodyfor solar photovoltaic modules
Certisolis performs qualification testing of solar
photovoltaic modules and certifies their performanceaccording to international standards by issuing an
accreditation label. Jointly owned by CSTB and LNE(the French National Metrology and Testing Laboratory),
it operates under a scientific partnership with CEA/INES
on the Savoie Technolac site.
BP 364 | 39, allée du Lac de Côme | F-73372 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex
Tel.: + 33 (0)4 79 68 56 00
www.certisolis.com

4, avenue du recteur Poincaré | F-75016 Paris
Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 50 29 09
www.certivea.fr | www.certivea.com

A joint subsidiary of Certivéa and Cerqual, the operationbody for all HQE™ schemes out of France

Promoting the dissemination of renewable energy knowledge
and research, with particular focus on solar energy
The mission of CSTB Solar is to organize the Europe Solar
Decathlon Europe 2014.

4, avenue du recteur Poincaré | F-75016 Paris
Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 50 28 85
cerway@cerway.com

10, cours Louis-Lumière | F-94300 Vincennes
Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 50 29 34
www.solardecathlon2014.fr

53

2013 Key figures> CSTB leads a scientificand technical communityof several thousand persons.

> CSTB works in networkwith about 700 experts
in specialized groups and
100 external authors
and instructors.

> 3,600 customers
for research, expertiseand assessment activities.
> 7,900 customers
for dissemination of knowledge.

EMPLOYEESon December 31st, 2013(excluding subsidiaries)

659 - Marne-la-Vallée916
employees

11 - Paris
97 - Nantes
76 - Sophia-Antipolis
73 - Grenoble

RESEARCH & EXPERTISE
21 Directly operated research projects
82 Collaborative research projects with ADEME /ANR /EU
5.6 Research funding in partnership with CARNOT in millions of euros
85 Scientific publications
15 Scientific conferences co-organized by CSTB
188 Researchers (equivalent full time)
65 PhD /Post-doctoral students

54

TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
746 Technical Assessments and Technical Application Documents published* (DTAs) including
229 New Technical Assessments
AVERAGE TIME
178 European Technical Approvals
FOR A TECHNICALASSESSMENT
79 ATExPROCEDURE
IN 2013:13 Pass Innovation
8 MONTHSPRODUCT CERTIFICATION:
4,345 Active certificates, 1,625 Certification holders of which 49% are foreign holders
CE MARKING CERTIFICATION:
610 Active certificates, 375 CE marking holders including 25% foreign holders* All types: New, Revisions, Addenda, Commercial Extensions and Amendments(excluding amendments extending expiration dates)

DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE
122 Books available
25,000 Number of users subscribing to technical and regulatory information services
19,000 Number of training hours
70 Training modules distributed on six topics eachwith their scientific and technical priorities

2013 OPERATING INCOME(excluding subsidiaries)
Forecast ex VAT 2013€44.1mTechnological activities

101
million €€20.9mContractual researchand expertise€20.6mResearch subsidies€6.8m
Dissemination of knowledge€8.7m
Others55

CSTB HEAD OFFICE, MARNE-LA-VALLÉE

Sustainable development
essentials
SAFETYThe well-being of employees depends primarily on safety. Thisis the logic through which safety training for employees wasenriched. From now on, a work accident and care analysis system
will be capable of more precisely targeting the prevention policy.
The accident frequency ratio in 2013 was 9.2* with a severity
ratio of 0.10.
With this approach, all workshop machines were made conforming
and the Sophia-Antipolis platform mountability bench was put
into service in close cooperation with the CHSCT (Committee forhealth and safety and working conditions).
SIGNATURE OF THE “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONSAND PUBLIC ENTERPRISES” CHARTERCSTB has been a member of the Sustainable Development Clubfor Public Institutions and Public Enterprises since 2011, and it
officially signed the charter on March 18, 2013. This club is theleading structure for coordination of sustainable developmentin the public sector. Its ambition is to provide an incentive to “do”
and accelerate formalities, by sharing good practice between
organizations with many different sizes and missions. Its members
belong to a wide variety of sectors including mobility andtransport, buildings and city, management of regions, health andthe environment, culture, finance, energy, research and theGrandes Écoles.
EASY MOBILITYCSTB continued its commitments to promote sustainable transport
in 2013. The Grenoble and Nantes plants thus participated inregional challenges on the “Mobility challenge” theme in Nantes
and the “I go to work differently” theme in Grenoble. CSTB is apioneer in clean mobility in the Marne-la-Vallée zone through56

car sharing. Three vehicles are accessible for CSTB employees
using a car sharing platform for trips between the RER railway
station and the Champs-sur-Marne premises. 85 employees on
the different sites have made a commitment to use the bicyclefor daily transport.
ENERGIE HANDICAP, LET’S SHARE OUR DIFFERENCES
It was decided to launch the “Energie Handicap, let’s share ourdifferences” Mission for the Handicapped at the end of August,to encourage long-term employment of the handicapped at CSTB.
Two handicapped persons were recruited and three employees
were recognized as being handicapped in 2013. Awareness actions
were set up and adaptations to job positions were made as afunction of needs. CSTB is continuing to cooperate with ESAT(Assistance through Work Institutions and Services) structures
and appropriate enterprises, and the Nantes plant laundry wasawarded a prize at the 9th insertion trophies organized by Medef
44 (French Employers' organization - Loire Department), during
the week for Employment of the handicapped.
5S DAY: ARCHIVING AND CONVIVIALITY
The 5S day was held in all CSTB plants for the 3rd consecutive
year. The tidying up day with convivial activities was marked
this year by starting up the ARCATEG paper archiving method.
Employees were able to sort and archive, and also to participate
in various workshops focused on safety and well-being at work.
Exhibition of photos for the "Sustainable Development Objective"competition helped to share everyone’s vision about CSTB’s
eco-responsibility.

*Frequency ratio (TF) = (No. of lost time accidents/hours worked)
x 1 000 000
The average national accident ratio is equal to 24 work accidents.

PUBLISHED BY CSTB COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT // DESIGN, PRODUCTION:LES QUATRE LUNESMARCH 2014 // 1,000 COPIES // ISBN : 978-2-86891-600-6
PHOTO CREDITS >COVER PAGE: LAURENCE DANIÈRE - MISSION LYON LA DUCHÈRE - 2013 // P.1 AXEL TILCHE DAHL // P.2-3-6-7-16-17-18-27-45 ÉRIC FLOGNY //P.9 CIB // P.10 SEMAVIP // P.11 DVVD - CYRIL SANCEREAU // P.12 JEAN-LUC STADLER // P.12 CSTB SOLAR – CITY OF ARCHITECTURE & HERITAGE //P.20 ERIETA ATTALI // P.22 ERICK SAILLET // P.23 COURS DE L’ÎLE SEGUIN - SAEM VAL DE SEINE AMÉNAGEMENT – H. ABBADIE //P.24 TOULOUSE HOMES // P.25 KOGYS // P.25 LE RELAIS // P.26 AGENCE 11H45 // P.29 LA BOCAINE // P.32 SEMPARISEINE – FRANCK BADAIRE: PHOTOGRAPHER //P.34 DINO PESIC, L’AUTRE IMAGE PRODUCTION // P.37 TECHNIWOOD // P.37 GAUJARD TECHNOLOGIE SCOP // P.38 CSTB, ACUTE3D, AERIAL IMAGES INTER ATLAS //P.39 GRÉGOIRE KORGANOW // P.45 MICHEL DENANCÉ // P.46 NANTES TOWN HALL, ROUTIER RÉGIS – STEPHAN MENORET // OTHER PHOTOS: CSTBACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO: LUC BENEVELLO, SÉBASTIEN CHAMPEAUX, MICHAEL KRUG, ÉRIC MEGRET, NICOLAS RICHEZ.

PRINTED ON MUNCHEN LYNX ROUGH PAPER - PAPER MANUFACTURED FROM SUSTAINABLE RESOURCESBuilding the future
CSTB, Scientific and Technical Centre for Building, is a public organization for innovation in building,which performs four key activities, namely research, expertise, evaluation and dissemination ofknowledge, organized to satisfy the challenges of the ecological and energy transition in the worldof construction. Its field of expertise covers construction products, buildings and their integration
into districts and cities.
With over 900 employees, and with its subsidiaries and networks of national, European andinternational partners, CSTB offers its services to all parties involved in construction to improve
the quality and safety of buildings.

HEAD OFFICE
84, AVENUE JEAN JAURÈS | CHAMPS-SUR-MARNE | F-77447 MARNE-LA-VALLÉE CEDEX 2
TEL. +33 1 64 68 82 82 | FAX +33 1 60 05 70 37 | www.cstb.fr

CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU BÂTIMENT - SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CENTER FOR BUILDINGMARNE-LA-VALLÉE

PARIS

GRENOBLE

NANTESSOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS