CGER-REPORTISSN 2434-5679
CGER-I166-2023

Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA20)
26 th June – 29th June 2023

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

CGER-REPORTISSN 2434-5679
CGER-I166-2023

Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on
Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA20)
26 th June – 29th June 2023

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Center for Global Environmental Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia (WGIA20)

Prepared by:Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
Earth System Division (ESD)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-850-2219
E-mail: www-gio@nies.go.jp
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html
Copies available from:Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER)
Earth System Division (ESD)
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
Fax: +81-29-858-2645
E-mail: www-cger@nies.go.jp
https://esd.nies.go.jp
Copyright 2023:
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
retrieval system, without permission in writing from NIES. However, NIES does not own the
copyrights to the abstracts contained in this publication.
All copies in PDF format are available from: https://esd.nies.go.jp
This publication is printed on paper manufactured entirely from recycled material (Rank A),
in accordance with the Act on Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services
by the State and Other Entities.

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Contents
Foreword ..........................................................................................................i
Preface ............................................................................................................ ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................... iii
1

Executive Summary of WGIA20 .......................................................... 1

2

Workshop Report .................................................................................. 5

2.1

Opening Session..................................................................................................................5

2.2

Session I: Updates on the GHG Inventory of National Communications and Biennial
Update Reports from Non-Annex I Parties .....................................................................5

2.3

Session II: Changes in Reporting Under the Paris Agreement ......................................7

2.4

Session III: Planning for the First GHG Inventory Under the Paris Agreement ........8

2.5

Session IV: Methodology for the Energy Sector ...........................................................12

2.6

Poster Session ...................................................................................................................14

2.7

Wrap-up Session .............................................................................................................. 14

3

Abstracts ............................................................................................... 17

3.1

Opening Session................................................................................................................ 17

3.2

Session I.............................................................................................................................19

3.3

Session II ...........................................................................................................................23

3.4

Session IV ..........................................................................................................................26

3.5

Poster Session ...................................................................................................................30

4

Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions .......................................... 37

4.1

Overview of the Mutual Learning ..................................................................................37

4.2

Session on the IPPU Sector .............................................................................................40

4.3

Session on the LULUCF Sector ......................................................................................43

4.4

Session on the Waste Sector ............................................................................................46

Annex I: Agenda........................................................................................... 49
Annex II: List of Participants ..................................................................... 57

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Foreword
The international community now recognizes increases in anthropogenic emissions ofgreenhouse gases (GHGs) as the primary cause of climate change and its impacts. The
Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) published by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the year before last stated that
“Observed increases in well-mixed greenhouse gas concentrations since around 1750 are
unequivocally caused by human activities. Since 2011 (measurements reported in AR5),
concentrations have continued to increase in the atmosphere, reaching annual averagesof 410 ppm for carbon dioxide in 2019”. In order to address mitigation and adaptation toclimate change, all of us on the globe must be making more efforts than ever in each of
our respective fields. To this end, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed to hold theincrease in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels
under the Paris Agreement at COP21 in 2015.
Transparency of mitigation actions is becoming increasingly important, and in thisrespect, national GHG inventories, which provide information on GHG emissions andtheir trends over time, play a critical role as a basis for decision-makers to design andimplement strategies for their countries’ mitigation actions to reduce GHG emissions.
Against this background, all parties will soon be required to submit Biennial
Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Paris Agreement Enhanced Transparency
Framework (ETF).
To enhance the capacities for national GHG inventories in Asian countries, theNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been organizing the “Workshop
on GHG Inventories in Asia” (WGIA) annually since November 2003 with the supportof the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). This workshop supports
government officials, compilers, and researchers in Asian countries to develop andimprove their GHG inventories through enhanced regional information exchange. The
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) affiliated with the Center for Global
Environmental Research (CGER), Earth System Division (ESD), NIES, has functioned
as the Secretariat for this workshop since its first session.
This CGER report serves as the proceedings of the 20th WGIA (WGIA20), which washeld in Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan, this year. We hope that this report will be usefulfor all those who work in the field of GHG inventories as well as climate change, andthat it will contribute to the further progress of inventory development in Asia.
SAIGUSA Nobuko

Director
Earth System Division
National Institute for Environmental Studies

i iPreface
The Paris Agreement established an ETF to build mutual trust and confidence and topromote effective implementation. The purpose of the framework is to provide a clear
understanding of climate change actions, including clarity and tracking of progress
towards achieving Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to
inform the global stocktake. Each Party shall provide the national GHG inventory andinformation necessary to track progress made in implementing and achieving its NDC in
BTRs. Against this background, GHG inventories are being accepted more and more as
being valuable because they support the transparency and accuracy of theimplementation of national mitigation actions, and the importance of developing robust
national systems for the steady preparation of inventories is now widely acknowledged.
WGIA has contributed significantly to the construction and consolidation of a networkof officials and researchers involved in GHG inventory preparation in Asian countries
and to the identification and provision of solutions for common issues relevant to theinventories.
This time, the WGIA20 was held in Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan from 26th to 29th
June, 2023. The topics set out for this workshop were based on consideration of thecurrent situation of the member countries.
The outcomes of the WGIA20 are summarized in this report as Proceedings. We hopethat this report will be found useful and will contribute to the further improvement of the
GHG inventories of the WGIA member countries.
We would like to thank all the attendees for their participation and active contribution
to the workshop.

HATANAKA Elsa

MIZUTANI YoshihiroManagerGreenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Center for Global Environmental Research
Earth System Division
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Director for International Cooperation forTransition to Decarbonization andSustainable Infrastructure
Global Environment Bureau
Ministry of the Environment, Japanii ii

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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AB
AD
AFOLU
AR
ASEAN
BTR
BUR
CBIT
CCS
CEF
CGER
CMA
COP
CRT
COVID-19
CRF
CS
EF
EOR
ESD
ETF
FOLU
FREL
FRL
FY
GHG
GIO
GPG
GPG-LULUCF
GWP
IPCC
IPCC TFI
IPPU
JCM
LULUCF
ML
MOEJ
MPG
MRV
NAI

WGIA Advisory Board
Activity Data
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Assessment Report
Association of South-East Asian Nation
Biennial Transparency Report
Biennial Update Report
Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency
Carbon Capture and Storage
Carbon Emission Factor
Center for Global Environmental Research
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of theParties to the Paris Agreement
Conference of the Parties
Common Reporting Tables
Coronavirus Disease 2019
Common Reporting Format
Country Specific
Emission Factor
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Earth System Division
Enhanced Transparency Framework
Forestry and Other Land Use
Forest Reference Emission Level
Forest Reference Level
Fiscal year
Greenhouse Gas
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change
and Forestry
Global Warming Potential
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
Industrial Process and Product Use
Joint Crediting Mechanism
Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Mutual Learning
Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Modalities, Procedures, and Guidelines
Measurement, Reporting, and Verification
Measurable, Reportable, and Verifiable
Non-Annex Iiiiiii

NC
NDC
NIES
NID
NIR
PA
QA
Q&A
QC
SBI
UNFCCC
USEPA
WGIA
1996 IPCC Guidelines
2006 IPCC Guidelines
2019 Refinement

CO2
CH4
HFC
PFC
N2O
NF3
Gg
kt
Mt

National Communication
Nationally Determined Contribution
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
National Inventory Document
National Inventory Report
Paris Agreement
Quality Assurance
Questions and Answers
Quality Control
Subsidiary Body for Implementation
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
ChangeUnited States Environmental Protection Agency
Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Chemical terms
Carbon dioxide
MethaneHydrofluorocarbon
Perfluorocarbon
Nitrous oxide
Nitrogen trifluoride
Giga gramkilo tonnes
Million tonnes

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Photos of the Workshop
Welcome Address

Office of Director for International Cooperation for Transition to Decarbonization andSustainable Infrastructure, Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of the Environment

The Plenary Sessions
Opening Session

Session I

Session II

Session IV

Session III Breakout Groupsvv

The Mutual Learning Sessions

IPPU: Mongolia – Philippines

LULUCF: Indonesia – Laos

Waste: Viet Nam – Japan

Poster Session

Othersvivi

1. Executive Summary of WGIA20

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1

Executive Summary of WGIA20

The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National Institute forEnvironmental Studies (NIES) convened the “20th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
Inventories in Asia (WGIA20)” from June 26th to June 29th, 2023, in Tomakomai, Hokkaido,
Japan (partly online).
Annual workshops have been held since 2003 (excluding 2020 due to the COVID-19
pandemic) in order to support Asian countries to improve the accuracy of their GHG
inventories and to facilitate the enhancement of cooperative relationships in the Asian
region. This year, 86 participants (including those online) attended WGIA20 in total,
including government and research representatives of 14 member countries (Bhutan,
Brunei, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia,
Mongolia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam), in addition torepresentatives of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI), the Secretariat of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP), the United States of America, Bangladesh, and others.
Opening Session
The MOEJ delivered the welcome address, and the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office ofJapan (GIO) gave an introduction to the WGIA. Following this, MOEJ made a presentation
on Japan’s progress in climate change measures and international cooperation. Japan’s total
GHG emissions increased by 2.0% from FY2020 mainly due to increased energy
consumption and the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Japan aims to
reduce GHG emissions by 46% by FY2030 from the FY2013 levels and promotedecarbonization in the ASEAN and Indo-Pacific region through various initiatives,
including the Paris Agreement (PA) Article 6 Implementation Partnership.
Updates on the GHG Inventory of the NCs and BURs from Non-Annex I Parties
Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Bangladesh gave presentations on their submitted
National Communications (NCs) and/or Biennial Update Reports (BURs) and reported themost recent information on their emission estimates and relevant data.
Collecting time-series data, performing recalculations, adopting higher Tiermethodologies, and conducting step-by-step Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC)
procedures enhanced the countries’ GHG inventories. Experience gained with BURs will
directly benefit the first reporting of PA inventories. Countries are facing challenges inestablishing systematic institutional systems, collecting more disaggregated data,
developing Country-Specific (CS) Emission Factors (EFs), adopting the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines methodologies, reducing uncertainty, and reporting the inventory in atransparent manner. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize among the issues which need tobe resolved for the timely submission of the first Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs).
Changes in Reporting Under the Paris Agreement
The UNFCCC gave presentations on the GHG inventory reporting that will be required
under the PA and the technical support/tools made available by the GHG Support Unit.
After these presentations, the IPCC TFI introduced the newly released version of the IPCC
Inventory Software that implements the functions for all methodological tiers andapproaches in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, as well as its Wetlands Supplement.
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1. Executive Summary of WGIA20
In order to submit BTRs by 2024 under the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF)of the PA, the WGIA countries should respectively enhance their national systems andcompilation capacity to prepare national GHG inventories in the BTRs that meet the 2006
IPCC Guidelines and ETF reporting requirements. It is also necessary to think more
specifically about how to report for each category/gas, using the GHG inventory reporting
tool. It is important to effectively utilize the tools / capacity-building opportunities available
to address the gaps identified in the preparation for the ETF reporting.
Planning for the First GHG Inventory Under the Paris Agreement
The WGIA Secretariat requested the participating countries to provide their plannedschedules for submitting the first GHG inventory under the PA prior to the workshop. Three
breakout group discussions were held on how to improve the planning based on these tables.
Many countries are willing to submit the first PA inventory on time. The participants
recognized the importance of scheduling. They identified that some tasks needed to beundertaken before others and that each task would take more time than expected. Therefore,
the deadline of December 2024 is not too far away. The participants confirmed that theywould continue information exchange on issues and their solutions for submitting their first
PA inventories under the WGIA.
Methodology for the Energy Sector
Brunei introduced the mandatory GHG emissions/removals reporting system and GHG
estimates from the Energy Sector in Brunei. Following this presentation, the USEPA
explained how Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) was reflected in the US inventory. GIO
also explained how CCS was reported in the Japanese inventory. The MOEJ explained
Japan’s policy for CCS.
Collection of accurate activity data and use of country- or facility-specific EFs arenecessary for the Energy Sector under which many subcategories are key in the national
GHG inventory. Mandatory reporting system of GHG emissions by facility may be usefulas they enable the collection of such data (e.g., facility-specific EFs). Careful considerationis needed to reflect CCS in the GHG inventory. Capture and leakage of CO2 should bereported under appropriate categories specified by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Whencaptured CO2 is imported/exported for CCS, coordination between countries is needed.
Mutual Learning
In this WGIA, Mutual Learning (ML) was held for the following three GHG inventory
sectors: Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) Sector (Mongolia and the Philippines),
Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) Sector (Indonesia and Laos), andWaste Sector (Japan and Viet Nam). The participants exchanged materials and questions tolearn about the inventory and institutional arrangements of the counterpart country. For
each session, two countries engaged with each other by following up on the Questions andAnswers (Q&A) which had taken place before the Workshop.
The participants shared with the partner countries their experiences in inventory
preparation. Toward the 2024 submission in accordance with the Modalities, Procedures,and Guidelines (MPGs) under the PA, the participant countries are making efforts toenhance the completeness of their inventories by resolving not-estimated categories and by
preparing time-series data, while they also continuously try to develop CS EFs andparameters to estimate GHG emissions more accurately. They are also improving theirnational inventory systems through developing and formalizing relationships with various
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stakeholders under legal frameworks. Additionally, some countries have already strived/are
striving to obtain data to reflect the effects of mitigation policies, such as the amount ofclinker production or CH4 recovery.
Poster Session
This was held to share information on various topics, such as institutional arrangements,
the latest research results, and so on.

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2

Workshop Report
Please note that all presentation materials can be downloaded from the website of GIO:
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/wgia/20.html

2.1 Opening Session
The welcome address was delivered by Ms. Nishikawa Junko (MOEJ).
Mr. Senoo Kohei and Ms. Kuroda Kotoe (MOEJ) jointly made a presentation on Japan’s
progress on climate change measures and international cooperation. Mr. Senoo reported
that Japan’s total GHG emissions were estimated at 1,170 Mt CO2 eq in FY2021 and had
increased by 2.0% from FY2020 mainly due to increased energy consumption and theeconomic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. He also stated that Japan aims to reduce
its GHG emissions by 46% by FY2030 from its FY2013 levels. Ms. Kuroda reported thatJapan promotes decarbonization in the ASEAN and Indo-Pacific region through various
initiatives, including the PA Article 6 Implementation Partnership. She emphasized that
implementing Article 6 can reduce an additional 4-12 billion t CO2 emissions per year by
2030, corresponding to 10-40% of global CO2 emissions in 2018.
Mr. Ito Hiroshi (GIO) gave an introduction of WGIA20. He introduced the historicalprogress of WGIA as well as its participants, agenda, and expected outcomes. The expected
outcomes of WGIA20 were: Building on experiences gained in NC/BUR reporting to enhance the quality of
GHG inventories for the first BTR of PA Enhancing the understanding of the new Common Reporting Tables (CRT) format
and the National Inventory Documents (NID) outlines
 Recognizing the importance of scheduling for the submission of the PA inventory
in a timely manner and obtaining insights from others to improve scheduling Strengthening the participants’ understanding of the methodology of the Energy
Sector, including the reporting of CCS.
Mr. Ito emphasized that an accurate inventory in the NCs, BURs, and BTRs would
contribute to the future planning and assessment of the progress towards emission reduction
targets under the (PA).

2.2 Session I: Updates on the GHG Inventory of National
Communications and Biennial Update Reports from NonAnnex I Parties
This session was chaired by Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB member; Bogor Agricultural
University) and the rapporteur was Ms. Hayashi Atsuko (GIO).
NAI Parties are required, as per COP 16 and COP 17 decisions, to submit national GHG
inventories every two years as a part of their BURs or NCs. Under such circumstances, the
WGIA member countries have submitted their BURs and/or NCs. In this session, Cambodia,
Malaysia, Singapore, and Bangladesh gave presentations on their latest BURs and NCs.
The chair of this session, Prof. Rizaldi Boer, introduced the objective of this session as
sharing information and experiences of preparing/updating the WGIA member countries’
GHG inventories in their NCs and BURs and being an opportunity to learn from each other55

2. Workshop Report
how to address challenges in improving the quality of the inventory.
Ms. Heang Phallin (Cambodia) gave a presentation on Cambodia’s national GHG
inventory in its Third NC submitted in 2022. She explained the state of the GHG emissions
in 2005 and 2010, which were estimated using the IPCC Inventory Software. She also
explained that the country had been facing many constraints and gaps in its preparation of
GHG inventories due to limited financial support, technology transfer, and institutional andhuman capacity. The lack of systematic coordination among respective agencies was also
identified as a barrier.
Ms. Dayang Ratnasari Abu Bakar (Malaysia) gave a presentation on Malaysia’s Fourth
BUR submitted in 2022. She first presented the institutional arrangements for preparing the
BUR and explained that together with the IPCC Inventory Software, external spreadsheets
provided in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines were also used to check the calculations. The timeseries data from 1990 to 2019 for each sector, the recalculation results, uncertainty analysis
results, and a National GHG Inventory Improvement Plan for Activity Data (AD) and EFs
were also described. At the end of the presentation, she continued her explanation that, in
2023, Malaysia was facing many challenges in its Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC) tracking and CRT preparation and expressed her expectation for WGIA to help with
the improvement of the capacity for BTR reporting.
Ms. Winnie Chia (Singapore) gave a presentation on Singapore’s Fifth BUR submitted
in 2022. She showed the submission history of five NCs and five BURs and explained thatthe transition of methodological guidelines from the 1996 IPCC Guidelines to the 2006
IPCC Guidelines had been fully completed in 2020. After an explanation of Singapore’s
institutional arrangement for addressing climate change and BUR preparation, she
explained the details of GHG inventory, such as time-series GHG emissions data from 2000
to 2018, key category analysis results, recalculation results, the data acquisition system,
QC and QA processes together with the process of responding to International Consultation
and Analysis, and so on.
Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim (Bangladesh) gave a presentation on Bangladesh’s Third NC
submitted in 2018, and on the national GHG inventory in its First BUR which is planned
to be submitted in 2023. He compared the GHG emissions in 2012 and 2019 for each sector
and the national total and mentioned that a 40% increase was observed in the national total.
In the presentation slide, the per capita GHG emission in 2012 was shown as 0.98 tonnes
CO2-eq. He also showed time-series emissions data from 2013 to 2019 for each sector. For
every year, the largest emission source was the Energy Sector, followed by the Agriculture,
Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU), Waste, and IPPU Sectors.
Regarding the presentations above, participants showed interest in the way ofovercoming challenges, such as moving to higher Tier method use, improving QA/QC
procedures, and reducing uncertainty through the change from the Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. In response, the presenters explained the
difficulties they faced, such as how they adopted higher Tier methods while also using the
IPCC Inventory Software, how they conducted QA/QC, especially with regard to privatecompany data providers, and how they considered and adjusted the uncertainty assessment
to align with the new Guidelines.
For this session, the following conclusions were shared with the participants.
1) Countries enhanced their GHG inventories by collecting time-series data, performing
recalculations, adopting higher Tier methods, and conducting step-by-step QA/QC
procedures. The experience gained with BURs will directly benefit the first reporting of PA
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inventories. 2) Countries are facing challenges in establishing systematic institutional
systems, collecting more disaggregated data, particularly from private companies,
developing CS EFs, adopting 2006 IPCC Guidelines methodologies, reducing uncertainty,
and reporting the inventory in a transparent manner. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritizeamong the issues which need to be resolved for the timely submission of the first BTRs.

2.3 Session II: Changes in Reporting Under the Paris Agreement
This session was chaired by Ms. Sandee G. Recabar (Climate Change Commission).
Parties under the PA are required to submit their first BTR and national inventory report,
if submitted as a stand-alone report, in accordance with MPGs for the transparency
framework for action and support referred to in Article 13 of the PA at the latest by 31
December 2024. The WGIA member countries will need to enhance their national systems
and compilation capacity to prepare national GHG inventories to meet the requirements,
and therefore, this session was held to promote a clear understanding of the new reporting
requirements together with their formats. Information was also provided on the tools that
help inventory preparations and capacity-building opportunities.
Mr. Aizawa Tomoyuki (UNFCCC) gave a comprehensive overview of the GHG
inventory reporting that will be required under the PA. In addition to the reporting
requirements, information was provided on the flexibility provisions for developing
countries that need them in the light of their capacities. He also explained how to prepare
the CRTs using the GHG inventory reporting tool by showing the general steps needed for
GHG inventory preparation towards the official submission to the UNFCCC. The structureof the CRTs together with the differences from data entry grids on the GHG inventory
reporting tool was also explained. The GHG inventory reporting tool is currently underdevelopment, with the aim of finalizing it around June 2024.
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) shared the information on the technical support/tools
made available by the GHG Support Unit, such as the GHG support webpage, in-country
QA workshops, e-learning, and the tool for data collection and management named SAGE
(Sectoral Activity data for GHG Emissions). He mentioned that these support
activities/tools will assist developing countries in all processes with their national GHG
inventory preparations based on the new reporting requirements under the ETF.
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav (AB; IPCC/TFI) explained that the newly released version
2.861 of the IPCC Inventory Software implements the functions for all methodological tiers
and approaches in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and its Wetlands Supplement. Information
was also provided on the key functions of the IPCC Inventory Software: 1) data managers,
2) interoperability with the GHG inventory reporting tool, 3) inclusion of the IPCC Fifth
Assessment Report (AR5) GWP values, and 4) emissions/removals estimation at the
subnational level.
In response to the questions from a participant on how developing countries should enter
their data into the CRTs, Mr. Aizawa clarified that there were three ways available forentering data: 1) entering data to the grids on the GHG inventory reporting tool manually,2) importing JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) -formatted files, and 3) importing Excelformatted files. Additionally, he mentioned that CRTs will be automatically generated by
the GHG inventory reporting tool and also advised that considerations will be necessary to
identify which way of entering data is the most appropriate for each country by using thetest version of the GHG inventory reporting tool, which will be released in August 2023.
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2. Workshop Report
In response to questions from a participant relating to the transition to the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines, Mr. Revet noted the importance of ensuring time-series consistency in an
inventory and of conducting recalculations.
Regarding a question from a participant about the improvements in the IPCC Inventory
Software, such as those in F-gases emission estimations, Dr. Jamsranjav clarified that theaccuracy of estimations could be improved due to the implementation of higher tiermethodologies and upgraded default emission factors. Mr. Revet emphasized theimportance of transitioning to higher-tier methodologies, especially for key categories, tocapture the effects of GHG emission mitigation.
For this session, the following conclusions were shared with the participants:
1) In order to submit BTRs by 2024 under the ETF of the PA, the WGIA countries should
respectively enhance their national systems and compilation capacity to prepare national
GHG inventories in the BTRs that meet the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and ETF reporting
requirements. It is also necessary to think more specifically about how to report for eachcategory/gas using the GHG inventory reporting tool. 2) It is important to effectively utilize
the tools / capacity-building opportunities available to address the gaps identified in the
preparation for ETF reporting.

2.4 Session III: Planning for the First GHG Inventory Under theParis Agreement
Parties to the PA shall submit their first national GHG inventory under the PA by the endof 2024.1 Now is a critical time to identify what tasks are needed for inventory compilation
and when the tasks should be undertaken.
This Session aimed to have the participating countries share their planned schedules fortheir first inventory compilation and submission under the PA, and through break-out group
discussions, also aimed to help improve the plans as well as to provide insights for othercountries to improve their own planning.
The WGIA Secretariat requested the participating countries to provide their plannedschedule before the workshop. It provided the template below and a sample of the schedule
table.

1

The least developed countries and small-island developing states may submit at theirdiscretion.
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Figure 2-1 Template of the schedule table
Some countries provided their schedule tables beforehand and some did so during thesession.
Three breakout groups were launched during the session with the following countries.
Group

Countries

1

Singapore, Thailand, India, Cambodia, and Brunei Darussalam2

Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Mongolia, the Philippines, and Bhutan

3

Malaysia, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, and Bangladesh

Following each country’s explanation of its schedule, other participants raised questions
or gave comments and the WGIA Secretariat facilitated further discussions.
The following guiding questions were referred to during the discussion:Are there any improvements in the tasks?
 Are there any important tasks missing?
 Are there any tasks whose order seems strange?
 Are there any tasks for which the allocated time is too short or too long?
Are there any critical tasks that will lead to a delay in submission?
Does the schedule meet the first BTR deadline (December 2024)?
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2. Workshop Report
What are the difficulties/concerns faced?
What are the good practices?



The following findings were identified through the discussions.
Group 1
Improvements needed in the tasks







Difficulties or concernsOne of the countries needs to change the timing of submission of comments on
the test version of the ETF GHG Inventory Reporting Tool to an earlier time tomeet the deadline (Dec. 2023).
Some countries need to change the timing of methodological consideration(including tier selection) to a time before data collection.
One of the countries needs to allocate more time for drafting the NID.
One of the countries needs to change the timing of the QA/QC process to after
the data collection process.
Some countries face difficulties in performing quantitative uncertainty
assessments.
Some countries face difficulties in collecting time-series data from 1990.

Good practicesOne of the countries plans to submit views on the test version in a timely manner.
One of the countries allocates enough time for drafting NID.
Many countries established institutional arrangements to support a timely
submission.
All countries in Group 1 are willing to submit on time by 2024.

Group 2
Improvements needed in the tasks








Critical tasks for a timely submission

Uncertainty analysis should ideally come before key category analysis, sinceapproach 2 key category analysis needs results from the uncertainty analysis.
Uncertainty analysis can even be started earlier, at a time when ADs and CS
EFs are collected.
Data input to the CRT should be conducted after completing the QA/QC
procedure.
Institutional arrangements should be strengthened to ensure timely andcontinuous submissions of the GHG inventory.
Implementing mapping is needed to address the shift from the Revised 1996
Guidelines to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The data entry system must be adjusted to match the CRT format.
Formalization of strong institutional arrangements, including the establishmentof strong coordination among agencies and data providers
Capacity building for each task to avoid cumulative delay.

Difficulties or concerns

Change in personnel
Lack of training and capacity1010

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Capturing the impact of mitigation measures comprehensively in the GHG
inventory
Timing of the finalization of CRT, since the final version of CRT will becompleted quite close to the deadline of the first BTR submission
Technical concerns on the estimation tools, since the domestic data format does
not always fit the data entry format of the existing estimation tools.

Good practices






Provision of tools, templates, and guidelines at the start of the inventory cycle
Participation in international QA/QC workshops
Mapping between sub-categories of the Revised 1996 Guidelines and the 2006
IPCC Guidelines to separate between the Agriculture Sector and LULUCF
SectorQC done at each step from the beginning of the inventory cycle
Sharing information among participating countries (e.g., ML).

Group 3

Improvements needed in the tasks







Critical tasks for a timely submissionLack of primary data sources
Inconsistency in data collected from different sources
The predominant use of default EFs
Lack of GHG inventory experts
Lack of continuous time-series data.

Good practicesAD/EF collection and estimations need to be done sufficiently early in theprocess so that the later steps do not get overly postponed.

Difficulties or concerns








The ETF GHG Inventory Reporting Tool needs to be tested after the releases inAugust and November if countries wish to do so.
Countries should get familiar with the Tool during the testing period, but actual
data entry would be done better at the final stage following the finalization of
estimations.
QC should be done during AD/EF collection and estimations, whereas QA canbe done at a later stage.
The scheduling of the tasks should take into account the timing of the outputs
from improvement plans, such as those from the CBIT projects.

Each country is making every effort to plan for its first national inventory under
the ETF of the PA in accordance with its respective national circumstances.

Other



Each country has country-specific steps to process the inventory.
Depending on the level at which a certain task is completed, the submission
date could be moved up or moved back.

For this session, the following conclusions were made.
1) Many countries are willing to submit the first PA inventory on time. 2) The participants1111

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recognized the importance of scheduling. 3) They identified that some tasks needed to beundertaken before others and that each task would take more time than expected. Therefore,
the deadline of December 2024 is not too far away.
The participants confirmed that they would continue information exchange under the
WGIA on issues and their solutions for submitting the first PA inventories.

2.5 Session IV: Methodology for the Energy Sector
This session was chaired by Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto (Co-Chair of IPCC TFI).
The Energy Sector is the largest emission source of the GHG inventory in most countries.
This sector, especially CO2 emissions from Fuel Combustion, is often identified as one of
the key categories; hence countries having such key categories should make every effort toapply Tier 2 methods and develop CS EFs. Also, it is important to enhance AD collectionin the Energy Sector.
Tomakomai, where WGIA was held this year, is a city where a large-scale demonstration
experiment of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) has taken place. The participants visited theTomakomai CCS facility on 29th June on a study tour. CCS is one of the key mitigation
measures of climate change, and it is important for inventory compilers to know how toreport CCS under the GHG inventory.
Against the above backdrop, this session aimed at identifying good practices and issues
relating to developing CS EFs and collecting AD for the Energy Sector. This session also
aimed at enhancing the understanding of how to report CCS, which the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines newly provided the methodology for.
Ms. Dk Nur Afifah Atikah PG HJ Ismail (Brunei Darussalam) gave a presentation on
Brunei Darussalam’s GHG Inventory Management System and GHG Estimates from theEnergy Sector.
After the presentation, the following discussion was made. A participant asked why Tier
1 methods were chosen for some key categories and Tier 3 methods for some non-key
categories. Ms. Ismail explained that the choice of Tiers depended on the data availability,e.g., the lack of CSEFs for public utilities. She also explained that there were currently noplans to move from Tier 1 to Tier 3. There were questions on why uncertainty for the wholeinventory increased since 2020 and why the uncertainty increased even though higher Tiermethods were applied. Ms. Ismail answered that there were no coal power plants in the past,
but the introduction of a large coal power plant in late 2019 led to an increase in GHG
emissions and uncertainty. She also explained that uncertainties in CS EF and AD were notavailable, and therefore the default values were used instead. The chair added that, ingeneral, higher Tier methods required more data, including some that are highly uncertain,
and this sometimes led to an increase in the uncertainty of emissions.
In response to a question that the Commercial/institutional category was not found in thepresentation, Ms. Ismail clarified that the category was included in the Residential category
because these categories were insignificant. The Chair pointed out that the Carbon
Emission Factors (CEFs) were not dependent on the combustion technologies, and asked
why Brunei was trying to collect facility-specific CEFs. Ms. Ismail answered that the
preliminary analysis so far showed that the CEFs varied by facility, and collecting facilityspecific CEFs was intended to reduce uncertainty. She added that the default CEFs were
found to be quite larger than the facility-specific CEFs. She also explained that the facility1212

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specific CEFs were measured and that the mandatory reporting system covered all
inventory sectors and was not limited to the Energy Sector.
In response to a question from a different participant, Ms. Ismail clarified that there wasno threshold to exempt small facilities from reporting. She explained that there was no legal
basis for facilities to report in the past, and therefore a mandatory reporting system wasintroduced to strengthen data collection. She also clarified that the mandatory reporting
system covered the Commercial/institutional category and local airlines.
Mr. Vincent Camobreco (US EPA) gave a presentation on CO2 Transport, Injection, andGeologic Storage in the Inventory of the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks.
After the presentation, a participant raised a question on the difference between the CO2amount captured for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) (about 35 Mt in 2021) and the CO2amount sequestered (7 Mt) obtained from the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program(GHGRP). Mr. Camobreco explained that some companies did not report the CO2 amountsequestered as they recognized EOR was not subject to reporting of CO2 sequestration. In
response to an additional question, Mr. Camobreco clarified that the reported amount might
include EOR at closed oil wells. The participant pointed out that the requirement of CO2
purity was over 98% for Japan and over 90% for other countries, and that inventory
compilers should be aware of CO2 purity when reporting CCS in the GHG inventory.
Another participant asked how the GHG emissions from fuel combustion for CCS wereaddressed and whether there were any plans to monitor their long-term impact on CO2
storage. Mr. Camobreco answered that the energy use from pipeline transport was reported
under the GHG inventory and that the GHGRP required entities to submit a management
verification plan, which included a long-term monitoring plan, under the Tier 3 method.
There was a question on whether tax credits from CCS could be used as a means to disclose
confidential information. Mr. Camobreco explained that to obtain federal tax credits,
related data should be disclosed, and that the data may be a potential data source for theinventory. He also explained that the GHGRP required companies to report captured andsequestered amounts and meet the ISO standard under the management verification plan,
which enabled tax credits to be granted.
Another participant raised a question on whether the leakage from sequestration should
be reported under the capturing point or the storage point. Mr. Camobreco answered thatthe leakage should be reported under the corresponding category, e.g., leakage at the
injection site should be reported under the injection site and the leakage at the capture siteshould be reported under the capture site. Another question was on how transboundary CO2transport was reported and governed. Mr. Camobreco answered that the emissions within
the USA were to be reported under the USA and the emissions after export to Canada were
to be reported under Canada. He added that the GHGRP required companies to establish
MRV systems and that the information about these systems was publicly available.
An additional question was on the meaning of reporting CO2 amounts under the
information item in the Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table 1.C. Mr. Camobreco
answered that the information item was for checking the balance and was not reflected in
the national total. Regarding a question on when CO2 was imported and stored and whichcountry the CO2 was subtracted from, Mr. Camobreco answered that CO2 should be
subtracted from source facilities. The Chair made a question whether there were any official
agreements between the USA and Canada regarding transboundary CO2 transport. Mr.
Camobreco clarified that the USA was in close contact with Canada on how much CO2 was
imported/exported but no further agreements were made.
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2. Workshop Report
Mr. Kosaka Naofumi (GIO) made a presentation on Japan’s reporting on CCS. Mr. Senoo
Kohei and Ms. Uga Maiko (MOEJ) presented the policies for CCS in Japan and gave an
overview of CCS under the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM).
After the presentations, a participant stated that zero-emission technologies other than
CCS should be sought because energy consumption was unavoidable during CCS. Mr.
Senoo explained that the government of Japan would seek various net-zero technologies
including CCS and proceed with CCS projects. Mr. Camobreco also mentioned that CCS
was one of the mitigation options. There was a question on whether Japan had any laws todetermine CCS location. Mr. Senoo clarified that Japan was considering regulation.
Another participant pointed out that Japan’s 2050 goal of 0.12-0.24 billion tonnes of CO2
capture per year established in the Long-term Road Map for CCS should be interpreted thatJapan must reduce CO2 emissions by 80-90% by energy saving and renewable energy andinject the remaining 10% of the current emissions to achieve net-zero emissions.
For this session, the following conclusions were made.
1) Collection of accurate AD and use of country- or facility-specific EFs are necessary for
the Energy Sector under which many subcategories are key in the national GHG
inventory. A mandatory reporting system of GHG emissions by facility may be useful as
it enables the collection of such data (e.g., facility-specific EFs).
2) Careful consideration is needed to reflect CCS in the GHG inventory. Capture andleakage of CO2 should be reported under appropriate categories specified by the 2006
IPCC Guidelines. When captured CO2 is imported/exported for CCS, coordination
between countries is needed. It is important to reduce GHG emissions to the extent
possible and to use CCS as a supplementary measure to achieve net-zero emissions.

2.6 Poster Session
This was held to share information on various topics such as institutional arrangements,
the latest research results, and so on. Six posters were displayed during the workshop andactive discussions took place at the session. During the one-on-one informal conversations,detailed information on institutional arrangements, including adjusting them to BTR
submissions, and the latest research results on the development of CSEFs and other specificissues on emission reductions were deeply discussed.

2.7 Wrap-up Session
Following the presentation of the summary of the ML sessions from Dr. Oda Takefumi(GIO), Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (GIO) called on countries that participated in ML to seek theircomments. The participating countries were in agreement regarding the usefulness of the
ML sessions for improving their inventories. They noted how helpful it was to shareknowledge about their experiences and common challenges. Some also noted that they weremade aware of new issues that they had not been aware of before and some suggested
continuing communication to follow up on the issues identified. Ms. Hatanaka encouraged
countries to make applications to take part in ML, even if it was in the same sectors as in
the past, since there may have been personnel change, and taking part again may bebeneficial.
Ms. Hayashi Atsuko (GIO) followed this by presenting a summary of the plenary
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sessions. Ms. Hatanaka asked for oral comments on the proposals made by Ms. Hayashi
for possible conclusions, however, no comments were received, including later in writing.
After the presentations of the session summaries, some general comments were received
from the participants. Dr. Sirintornthp Towprayoon (AB; King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi) noted that this Workshop marked the 20th anniversary of WGIA,
and congratulated countries on the progress they made in their inventories. She also
highlighted that this was a historical period of entering into PA reporting and that the
WGIA20's agenda, including the new Session III, was useful and informative. She
encouraged countries to take home the findings and conclusions of the sessions and to think
about further development.
Mr. Dominique Revet (UNFCCC) stressed the importance of more fully developing
national systems to gather data in light of future PA reporting. He noted that there was nouniversal rule, and each country needed to translate what was internationally required andapply it to its domestic context.
Mr. Morimoto Takashi (Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting) added that it was also
important to develop national systems given the continuous submissions needed after 2024.
He also highlighted the importance of capturing emission reductions in national inventories.
Dr. Rizaldi Boer (AB; Bogor Agricultural University), the chair of Session I, agreed withthe previous speakers and added that good coordination was needed not only with the data
providers but also with the agencies involved in implementing mitigation, and also
highlighted the need for support for developing countries in this regard.
Ms. Sandee G. Recabar (Climate Change Commission, the Philippines), the chair ofSession II, agreed with the need for strengthening national systems, but also highlighted
the importance of documentation and archiving, time-series data, and recalculations. She
expressed expectations for WGIA to be of help with timely submissions through sharing
information from more experienced countries.
Mr. Tanabe Kiyoto (Co-Chair of IPCC TFI), the chair of Session IV, encouraged
participants to exchange information and advice through the strong network established via
WGIA and noted the importance of the timing of the next Workshop because preparation
for PA reporting would be in full swing by then.
Following these and other comments, Ms. Hatanaka made some closing remarks. She
explained that there were challenges faced in the planning of this WGIA20, with it being
the first physical meeting after the spread of COVID-19, but noted that she was remindedof the efficiency of in-person communication and the joy of getting to know each otherface-to-face. On the upcoming PA reporting, she stressed that this was a critical time toclarify one’s understanding of the inventory requirements regarding methodologicalguidance and reporting. She pointed out that the goal was to aspire to achieve completenessin terms of categories, gases, and time series. She emphasized that more recent andcomplete inventories would more efficiently inform policy decisions. However, she also
reminded participants of the importance of starting where one could and of the idea oflearning by doing, since modifying inventories which would result in recalculations was
already expected as part of the continuous improvement of the inventories. Lastly, she
thanked all the participants for their active participation and closed WGIA20.

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3

Abstracts

In this section, the abstracts of the presentations are compiled. The abstracts are attached
in an unedited form, as they were received from the presenters.

3.1 Opening Session
Introduction to WGIA 20
ITO Hiroshi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO/CGER/ESD/NIES), Japan

Abstract
Non-Annex I (NAI) Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) are required to prepare Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories as a partof National Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs), and all countries
will be required to prepare GHG inventories as part of or independent of their future
Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Paris Agreement. It is therefore
increasingly important for countries to develop reliable GHG inventories.
To support developing and improving GHG Inventories of developing countries in Asia,
the Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA) has been held annually since 2003.
WGIA is organized by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). The member countries are 16 countries(Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos,
Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam).
Throughout the years, WGIA has developed and strengthened a network of inventory
experts, together with providing information to the public by making presentations andproceedings available on GIO’s website.
The upcoming 20th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA20) is to be held 26 - 29
June 2023. WGIA20 aims:
1) To build on experiences gained in NC/BUR reporting to enhance the quality of GHG
inventory for first BTR of Paris Agreement (PA)2) To enhance understanding of the new Common Reporting Tables (CRT) format, National
Inventory Documents (NID) outlines3) To Recognize the importance of scheduling for submitting the PA inventory in a timely
manner and to obtain insights from others to improve their schedule, and
4) To strengthen the participants’ understanding of the methodology of energy sector,
including the reporting of carbon capture and storage (CCS).
Participants are government officials and researchers from 16 countries in Asia (Bhutan,
Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia,
Mongolia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam, and Bangladesh) and experts frominternational organizations (the IPCC Task Force on National GHG Inventories (IPCC/TFI),
the secretariat of UNFCCC, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)),and others.

Access to relevant information
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/wgia/index.html

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3. Abstract

Japan’s Progress on
Climate Change Measures and International Cooperation
SENOO Kohei※1, KURODA Kotoe※2
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office※1, Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to Decarbonization and Sustainable Infrastructure※2,
Global Environmental Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract
Japan’s greenhouse gas emissions had decreased seven years in a row from FY2014 toFY2020, mainly due to the decrease in energy consumption and decarbonization ofelectricity. In FY2021, Japan’s total greenhouse gas emissions were estimated at 1,170 Mt
CO2 eq. (reflecting a 16.9% decrease compared to FY2013). Due to the Japanese economy
recovering after COVID19, Japan’s greenhouse gas emissions increased by 2.0% in
FY2021. On the other hand, our GDP has been on the rise in recent years except in FY2020.
Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP have decreased nine years in a row. As astatutory plan recommending concrete policies and measures to be implemented by thewhole government and outlining measures to be taken by both private and public sectors,
the revision of the “Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures” was decided by the
Cabinet in October 2021. The progress of the Plan is monitored every year, and the results
are reported to and approved by the Global Warming Prevention Headquarters, which
consists of all Cabinet members. Out of the 115 policies and measures listed in the Plan, in
terms of reductions, 91% are evaluated as progressing at a pace that meets or exceeds thetarget levels.
In addition to domestic efforts, Japan promotes decarbonization globally through various
initiatives, including the Paris Agreement Article 6 Implementation Partnership (A6IP)
which promotes international collaboration for capacity building related to Article 6 of theParis Agreement (A6). A6 allows countries to voluntarily cooperate with each other toachieve emission reduction targets set out in their NDCs, and it is estimated that
implementing A6 can reduce an additional 4~12 billion tCO2 emission per year by 2030,
corresponding to 10% - 40% of global CO2 emissions in 2018. Providing that the mostrecent national inventory report is one of the requirements to participate in A6, national
inventories are critical to A6 implementation. Japan will continue to provide capacity
building support through programs such as WGIA, A6IP, and the Joint Crediting
Mechanism.

References/ Publications

1. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April 2023)
2. Submission of Japan’s Nationally Determined Contribution (October 2021)
3. Overview of the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (October 2021)
4. Japan's Long-term Strategy under the Paris Agreement (October 2021)
5. Edmonds et al. 2021. How much could Article 6 enhance nationally determined
contribution ambition toward Paris Agreement goals through economic efficiency?,
Climate Change Economics; UNEP, UNEP-CCC 2021. Emissions Gap Report 2021;
TSVCM. 2021. Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets Final Report

Access to relevant information

1. https://unfccc.int/documents/627900
2. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/Pages/Home.aspx
3. https://www.env.go.jp/en/headline/2551.html
4. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf
5. A6IP Website https://a6partnership.org/
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3.2 Session I
Cambodia’s Third National Communication and GHG Emissions Target
Heang Phallin
Vice-Chief of Office, Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment, Cambodia

Abstract
The third National Communication (TCN) has been prepared to meet Cambodia’s
obligations as a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). It is a prepared based on the guidelines in Decision 17/CP.8, which contains
the following chapters:
Chapter 1: National Circumstances
Chapter 2: National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Chapter 3: Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
Chapter 4: Measures to Mitigate Climate Change
Chapter 5: Other Information and Relevant Activities
Chapter 6: Constraints and Gaps and Support Needs
The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) established her constitution in 1993 as aliberal democracy. The country is situated in mainland Southeast Asia, which comprises
a total area of 181,035 km2. The country's topography consists of the central plains
surrounded by mountainous highland regions and a coastline to the south. Cambodia's
climate is governed by monsoons and characterized by two major wet and dry seasons.
Cambodia's population was 14.68 million in 2013, which shows an increment of 1.28
million from 2008 to 2013. About 80% of Cambodians live in rural areas, while 20%
live in urban areas, including the capital. The national population density in 2013 was
82 persons per km2. Climate change impacts the poverty and health of the population of
the country. The poverty of the country differs in urban areas and rural areas, in which thepoverty in rural areas is higher than the poverty in urban areas. Cambodia was ranked 129th
out of 177 countries based on the Human Development Index (HDI).
Cambodia’s economy relies on four main sectors: agriculture, industry, tourism, andconstruction. The Agricultural sector is one of the main sectors that supports the riseof the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. This sector includes riceproduction, livestock, and rubber. Besides the above-mentioned sectors, Cambodia also
focuses on other fields such as: (i) energy sector focused on the use of renewable energy
sources such as hydropower, biomass, biogas, biofuel, etc. and energy efficiency practices,(ii) transport network of Cambodia consists of national roads, provincial roads, andrural roads, (iii) tourism sector, (iv) water resource and irrigation system provides theinfrastructure to protect from natural disasters such as floods and droughts, (v) capacity
to strengthen the quality of education in Cambodia is in progress by implementing the"Education for All" strategy, (vi) promote gender equality at all sectors and levels throughFive-Year Strategic Plan for Strengthening Gender Mainstreaming and Women’s
Engagement (2009-2013), and (vii) Solid waste generation has increased over the past
decades and has gradually changed from a considerable proportion of biodegradable andorganic waste to non-degradable. Cambodia has made all of her utmost effort to develop
the national economy to become one of the most rapid economic growth countries among
the developing countries and is envisioned to reach the status of an upper-middle income
country by 2030 and a high-income one by 2050.
1919

3. Abstract

Malaysia Fourth Biennial Update Report Under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change
Dayang Ratnasari Abu Bakar, Elizabeth Philip
Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change, Malaysia

Abstract
Malaysia’s Fourth Biennial Update Report (BUR4) was submitted to the United Nations
Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 31 December 2022. The 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and 2013 Supplement to the 2006
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands were used to estimate
the GHG emissions and removals. In 2019, the energy sector remained as the largest
contributor of emissions where it accounted for 78% of the total emissions. This is followedby the IPPU and the waste sectors, both contributed about 10% and 9% of the total
emissions respectively. Meanwhile, the agriculture sector contributed the lowest emissions
at 3%. The total GHG emissions recorded that year was 330,358.21 Gg CO2 eq.
Considering the LULUCF sector which shows a net sink of -214,714.54 Gg CO2 eq.,
Malaysia’s net GHG emissions was 115,643.68 Gg CO2 eq. The summary of Malaysia’s
GHG inventory in 2019 is as Table 1. The GHG emission time series from 1990 to 2019 isshown in Figure 1. As part of the efforts to improve the GHG estimations to the extent
possible, time series were recalculated to reflect the updated methodologies, activity dataand emission factors in accordance with the guidelines. The recalculation includes among
others but not limited to the following sectors: energy (road transport, fugitive emissions),
IPPU (minor update on other process uses of carbonates), agriculture (updates in animal
population) and LULUCF (forestland and cropland), and waste (minor update on solid
waste disposal and updates on the recycling rate and domestic wastewater).
Table 1: Summary of Malaysia’s
GHG inventory in 2019

EnergyIPPU
AFOLU-Agriculture
AFOLU-LULUCF
Waste
Total
(Excl. LULUCF)
Total(Incl. LULUCF)

GHG Emission/
Removal(Gg CO2 eq.)259,326.11
32,853.80
9,921.71-214,714.54
28,256.59
330,358.21

400,000
GHG Emissions (Gg CO2 eq.)

SectorFigure 1: GHG emission time series
from 1990 to 2019

115,643.68

300,000
200,000
100,000
0-100,000-200,000-300,000

Energy

IPPU

Waste

Agriculture

LULUCF

Total Net Emissions

References/ Publications
Malaysia Fourth Biennial Update Report Under the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change, Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change,
Malaysia, 2022. (https://unfccc.int/documents/624776)

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Singapore’s Fifth Biennial Update Report
Winnie Chia
National Environment Agency, Singapore

Abstract
As a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), Singapore was committed to submitting the National Communications (NC)and the Biennial Update Report (BUR) to the UNFCCC. In November 2022, Singapore
submitted its fifth NC and fifth BUR. Starting from the 4th Biennial Update Report,
emissions were estimated using 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Guidelines and Global Warming Potential (GWP) from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report(AR5).
The consistent submissions of the NC and BURs were made possible through the setup
of institutional arrangements. The Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate Change(IMCCC) chaired by Senior Minister and Coordinating Minister for National Security wasestablished in 2007 while in 2010, National Climate Change Secretariat (NCCS) wasestablished to ensure effective coordination of Singapore’s domestic and international
policies, plans, and actions on climate change. For the coordination of NC and BUR, aninter-agency working group (IAWG) led by National Environment Agency produced
Singapore’s NC and BUR.
Singapore’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions for 2018 totaled 53,312.68 GgCO2 eq.
The most significant GHG emitted in Singapore was carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily
produced by the burning of fossil fuels to generate energy used by the industry, building,household, and transport sectors. Second to CO2 emissions, perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
emissions came from mainly the electronic and semiconductor industries under the
Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sector.
In line with IPCC Good Practice Guidance to continually review the GHG inventory, forthe fifth BUR, recalculations to emissions were conducted for the Land Use, Land-use
Change and Forestry (LULUCF) and energy sector. In 2020, Singapore commissioned a
study to develop a Tier 1 estimate of GHG emissions from the agriculture sector for theyear 2018, using default parameter values such as emission and stock change factors fromthe 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The estimate was relatively small, 8.04 GgCO2 eq, and includedin the fifth BUR.
Singapore will continue to enhance its GHG inventory through the Quality Control andQuality Assurance plan developed based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, findings from theTechnical Analysis Summary Report (TASR) provided by the Team of Technical Experts(TTE) through the International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) process and participatingin technical workshops, and consulting subject experts at the UNFCCC Secretariat, thinktanks, academia and international organisations in preparation for the submission of the
Biennial Transparency Report in December 2024.

References/ Publications

Singapore’s Fifth National Communication/Fifth Biennial Update Report2121

3. Abstracts

Updates on the GHG Inventory of National Communications & BUR
MD Rezaul Karim
Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change,
Bangladesh

Abstract
Bangladesh is considered one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world, while
its contribution to global warming is negligible (contributes less than 0.48% of global
emissions with per capita 0.98-ton CO2-eq emission). Climate change has emerged as thebiggest threat to sustainable development and is triggering widespread and unprecedented
impacts that disproportionately burden the poorest and the most marginalized people in the
country.
National Communications and Biennial Update Report:
According to the obligation of the UNFCCC, Bangladesh has submitted the following
National Communications to the UNFCCC:
 Initial National Communication: Submitted in 2002
 Second National Communication : Submitted in 2012
 Third National Communication: Submitted in 2018
As per the Third National Communication, Bangladesh’s GHG emission in 2012 was
152.27 million-ton CO2-eq. Per capita, GHG emission was 0.98 tons CO2-eq.
Bangladesh is being formulated its First Biennial Update Report (BUR1) by June 2023.
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC):
As per the commitment to the Paris Agreement, Bangladesh revised and submitted its
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) on 26 August 2021. In its updated
NDC, Bangladesh put forward quantified emission reduction commitments of 6.73%, i.e.,
27.56-million-ton CO2-equivalent reductions in the unconditional and an additional
15.12%, i.e., 61.91-million-ton CO2-equivalent reductions in the conditional scenario by
2030.
Mitigation Actions: Bangladesh is involved in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto
Protocol under the UNFCCC. So far, Bangladesh has registered 21 CDM projects
from CDM Executive Board.
 Bangladesh is involved in the Climate Technology Centre & Network (CTCN)
under the UNFCCC Technology Mechanism. So far, 03 projects have been
completed, and 06 more projects have been submitted this year for technology
transfer.
 More than 6.0 million Solar Home Systems (SHS) in off-grid areas to ensure
electricity access for 12% of its total population in remote areas (acclaimed as theworld's largest off-grid renewable energy program).
 A major transformation is underway in the transport sector, shifting towards - Mass
Rapid Transit (MRT), Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), and Express Way.

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3.3 Session II
Overview on GHG inventory reporting under the Paris Agreement
Tomoyuki Aizawa
System & Tool unit, Transparency Division, UNFCCC secretariat

Abstract
GHG Inventory Reporting under the Paris Agreement
For the changes in national GHG inventory reporting for developing countries, there areseveral differences between BUR and BTR, such as; i) use of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines,ii) cover year T-2 (T-3 with flexibility), iii) recalculations of previous data required, iv)
reporting tables and outline of National Inventory Document (NID) finalized at CMA 3, v)
key category analysis required (with flexibility), vi) reporting on institutional arrangements
required (e.g. planning, preparation and management), vii) develop a QA/QC plan (withflexibility), vii) report basket of 7 gases (with flexibility), using AR5 GWP values (see thetables in the next page below), and viii) quantitatively estimate uncertainty (with flexibility)
The structure of the Common Reporting Tables (CRT) is similar to the Common Reporting
Format (CRF) with some modifications. The outline of the national inventory document(NID) is similar to the Annotated outline of the National Inventory Report (NIR). ETF
reporting tools are under development aiming to finalize around June 2024.
ETF | GHG INVENTORY Reporting Tool
Following the mandate from decision 5/CMA.3, the secretariat is developing the ETF
reporting tools for use by Parties for reporting the information as required by the modalities,
procedures and guidelines for the enhanced transparency framework (decision 18/CMA.1).
ETF | GHG INVENTORY Reporting Tool – Generates the common reporting tables (CRTs)
for the electronic reporting of the information in the national inventory reports (NIRs) ofanthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of GHG as contained in annex
I to decision 5/CMA.3. The tool has three ways of data entry, manual filling with data entry
grid, importing Excel file, and importing .json file, which can be prepared by the IPCC
GHG Inventory Tool’s interoperability functions with the ETF Reporting Tool. The data
entry grid is similar to those for the CRF reporter, which is designed category by category
for the whole reporting time series, while the CRT is annual basis.
The way forward
In August 2023, the 1st release of test versions of the ETF reporting tools will be provided
to Parties. And In November, the 2nd release will be provided to Partis. Parties may provide
submission of views and feedback on their experiences in using the tools, via thesubmission portal by December 2023. The final version of the ETF reporting tools will be
provided to Parties on June 2024.

Access to relevant information
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-and-reporting/reporting-and-reviewunder-the-paris-agreement
https://unfccc.int/enhanced-transparency-framework
https://unfccc.int/etf-reporting-tools
https://unfccc.int/event/demonstrating-the-progress-in-developing-the-etf-reporting-tools0
https://unfccc.int/event/progress-update-on-the-development-of-the-reporting-toolsunder-the-etf-0
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3. Abstracts

Strengthen the capacity of developing countries to prepare and manage
national GHG inventories as a basis for effective implementation of theEnhanced Transparency Framework under the Paris Agreement
Mr. Dominique Revet, UNFCCC Secretariat

Abstract
1.

The project launched as pilot activities in 2016 to respond to the Paris Agreement was
successfully implemented since. It was initially funded by the Swedish International
Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), but this support has ended. The project has
been sustained by the growth of requests received from developing countries, which
demonstrate the recognition of the achievements and impacts of the capacity building
activities developed and implemented.

2.

The project has been implemented with key strategic partnership agreements developed,
building on the comparative advantage of the institutions and synergy with therespective mandates. The partners include:a. IPCC, FAO, GRA, and Moja Global in regional training workshops in building
sustainable GHG inventory management systems and the use of 2006 IPCC
Guidelines;
b. IEA and UNSD in the delivery of the energy sector quality assurance for the
improvement of energy statistics and energy balances;c. GHG-MI in an online training of nominated national experts in the application of
the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and the development of Sectoral Activity Data for GHG
Emissions (SAGE) tool to support collection and management of activity data forthe energy, IPPU, waste, and agriculture sectors.

3.

Of the 3600+ trained national experts since 2018:a. 310+ trained in in-person regional workshops on MPGs, building sustainable
national GHG-IMS, and the use of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines;
b. 1200+ trained during 36 in-country QA of the national GHG inventory
management system and latest GHG inventories. The QA results are used by thecountries to revise their national inventory reports before submission to UNFCCC
and for the improvement of future submissions;c. 260+ have been trained in 10 in-country QA of national energy information
systems and energy statistics and balance (Energy QA-NEIS-EB). This newactivity is assisting the countries to establish/strengthen energy sector MRV, energy
activity data collection strategy for GHG inventories, and develop andmaintain/improve national energy balances as a means of reinforcing transparency
in reporting national GHG inventories on a regular basis;d. 1850+ nominated national experts supported financially to participate in online
training and certification in 2006 IPCC Guidelines in 4 with the GHGManagement Institute, since 2019. This is contributing to increasing in theenrollment and the pool of national experts on the UNFCCC roster of experts,
critically needed for the BTR reviews.

Access to relevant information
GHG Support Unit website: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/transparency-andreporting/support-for-developing-countries/ghg-support
GHG Help Desk: https://unfccc.int/ghg-help-desk
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Updates on the IPCC Inventory Software and Recent Activities
Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Senior Programme Officer, Technical Support Unit (TSU) of the IPCC Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI)

Abstract
A new upgraded version of the IPCC Inventory Software (version 2.861) is released on 6
June 2023. The software implements all tiers and approaches of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines,
and its Wetlands Supplement. It allows subnational disaggregation of emissions/removals(e.g., tracking specific activities or regions) and has interoperability functionality with the
UNFCCC reporting tool for electronic reporting of common reporting tables (CRT).
IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) which is an open library where users can findemission factors (EFs) and other parameters, with background documentation, that can beused for estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals. The EFDB has been
updated with new data and a new upgraded version with enhanced functionality will be
released in 2023.
IPCC TFI has embarked on a new endeavor to develop a Methodology Report on Shortlived Climate Forcers (SLCFs) to be produced in IPCC’s 7th assessment (AR7) cycle
following the decision taken by the IPCC in May 2019.

References/ Publications
IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by
the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa
K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.
IPCC 2014, 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Wetlands, Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J.,
Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T.G. (eds). Published: IPCC, Switzerland

Access to relevant information
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/index.html
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/meeting/meeting.html

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3.4 Session IV
Brunei Darussalam’s GHG National Inventory System
and GHG Estimates from the Energy Sector
Dk Nur Afifah Atikah Pg Hj Ismail
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat, Prime Minister’s Office
Brunei Darussalam

Abstract
Brunei Darussalam's energy sector, being a largely oil and gas country, has been the major
source of GHG emissions. In 2021, the total gross emissions were about 13.8 million tonnesof CO2 equivalent (MtCO2e), of which 95% came from the energy sector. The energy
industries attributed by combustion of coal, natural gas and oil for electricity and heatgeneration in power plants, accounted for 72%. This is followed by fugitive emissions(11%) and transport sector (9%). The remaining share were contributed by non-specified
industry, industrial processes, agriculture, waste and residential sectors.2
For the energy sector, emission estimates were based on Tier 1 and Tier 3. Carbon dioxide(CO2) is the most significant GHG contributor, resulted from the combustion of fossil fuels
used to provide energy services. Methane (CH4) also contributes significantly to total GHG
emissions as fugitive emissions from the production, transportation, and processing of oil
and gas, as well as emissions from the waste sector.
As the designated National Focal Point (NFP) to the UNFCCC for Brunei Darussalam, theBrunei Climate Change Secretariat (BCCS) coordinates and prepares the national GHG
inventories and is responsible for submission of national GHG inventories to the UNFCCC.
Over the years, substantial progress was made as Brunei Darussalam strengthen its national
GHG Inventory management system. With the introduction of a Mandatory Reporting
Directive on Greenhouse Gases in April 2023, Brunei Darussalam adopted a Whole-ofNation approach to national GHG inventory preparation that leverages sectoral pools of
expertise. All facilities that emit and/or remove GHG, as well as relevant sectors in thevalue chain, are required to submit a report on a quarterly and annual basis. As a mean of
ensuring consistency and transparency in reporting, a web-based centralised inventory
system (CIS) will be in place by the end of 2023.
This presentation introduces the development of Brunei Darussalam’s national GHG
inventory management system and outlines the country’s approach in estimating GHG
emissions, particularly in the energy sector.

GHG Inventory for 2021 will be reported in Brunei Darussalam’s 3rd National Communications, planned tobe submitted to the UNFCCC by the end of 2023.

2

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Carbon Dioxide Transport, Injection, and Geologic Storage in theInventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
Vincent Camobreco
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA

Abstract
In the U.S. CO2 is captured from a number of different types of industrial facilities,
including fossil CO2 sources at chemical and oil and gas facilities as well as biogenic CO2
sources at breweries and renewable fuel producers. Naturally occurring CO2 is also
extracted from underground domes. The captured and extracted CO2 is used in a variety
of different end uses including geologic storage, enhanced oil recovery, food and beverage
and other uses. Since 2010 the EPA has collected annual information on CO2 capture aswell as CO2 injection and geologic storage through the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program(GHGRP). However, the data linking capture and end use is not necessarily wellunderstood. These complexities make it challenging to reporting CO2 transport, injection,and geologic storage in the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
currently. The EPA has identified potential options for incorporating CO2 transport,
injection, and sequestration into the Inventory and has put that out for expert review andcomment. EPA continues to evaluate methods of incorporating geologic sequestration in
the Inventory.

References/ Publications
Latest U.S. GHG Inventory report:
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks1990-2021
Expert review memo on including CO2 geologic sequestration in the Inventory:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-10/us-ghg-inventory-1990-2020expert-review-comment-log.pdf

Access to relevant information
GHGRP data: https://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting2727

3. Abstracts

Japan’s Reporting on Carbon Capture and Storage
KOSAKA Naofumi
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Abstract
5 carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects in Japan are reflected in the Japan’s National
GHG Inventory (JNGI): Kubiki (FY1990-1993), Sarukawa (FY1997-1999), Nagaoka(FY2003-2004), Yubari (FY2004-2007), and Tomakomai (FY2016-2019). The captured
amount is subtracted from the CO2 origin: Fuel Combustion (1.A.) and Chemical Industry(2.B.) categories. The fugitive emissions from CCS are reported using the notation keys
(NO, NE, NA).
The following are some issues to note when reporting CCS in the GHG inventory.
CCS makes the comparison between the Reference Approach (RA) and the Sectoral
Approach (SA) complicated. Both RA and SA are methodologies to estimate the CO2
emissions from Fuel Combustion (1.A.) category, but RA uses a country’s energy supply
data and SA uses energy consumption data for each category. Captured amount is not
subtracted under the RA calculation but is subtracted under the SA calculation. Intuitively,
SA becomes lower than RA due to the introduction of CCS. However, according to the2006 IPCC Guidelines (Vol. 2, page 6.11), RA results should be compared with SA
emissions before carbon captured amounts are subtracted out.
Some tables generated by the CRF Reporter do not reflect CO2 captured in the Industrial
Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sector. 'CO2 captured' in table 10, summary 1.A andsummary 2 are automatically filled from Table 1.A(a). It means the values in these tables
cover CO2 captured from the Energy sector only. Japan has some cases that captured CO2
originated from the IPPU sector, therefore 'CO2 captured' in the current CRF tables don’t
always represent all of the capture that occurred in Japan.
If the source of captured CO2 is unknown, it is difficult to subtract the captured amount.
According to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines (Vol.2, Equation 2.7), the amount captured should
be subtracted from the category where the capture takes place. However, if carbonated gas
is purchased and stored underground, it may be difficult to identify the origin of the
carbonated gas.

References/ Publications
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN 2023
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Access to relevant information
None

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Policies for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Japan and overview
of CCS under the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)SENOO Kohei※1, UGA Maiko※2
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office※1,
Office of Director for International Cooperation for Transition to Decarbonization andSustainable Infrastructure※2,
Global Environmental Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Abstract
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is essential for achieving carbon neutrality toward2050. Japan implemented verification tests at five sites, and these results were reported inJapan’s Greenhouse Gas Inventories. After completing verification tests, the Japanese
government aims to create business plans for CCS. To realize this, the Ministry of theEnvironment and relevant ministries are accelerating discussions on the action plan for
CCS, investigation of suitable land for CCS and monitoring methods.
The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) is an international carbon market mechanism,
implemented in consistence with the Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. This cooperative
approach facilitates diffusion of leading decarbonizing technologies, infrastructure, etc.,
to contribute to the achievement of both the JCM Partner country and Japan’s nationallydetermined contributions (NDCs). To realize CCS projects under the JCM, the Ministryof the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan aredeveloping rules for CCS.

References/ Publications
1.
2.
3.

4.

Summary of the study group on CCS projects in harmony with the environment (inJapanese)
Final explanation notes of the study group on CCS long term roadmap (in Japanese)
Model project to ensure environmental harmonization for early social
implementation of CCUS and a decarbonized, sound material-cycle society (inJapanese)
Recent Developments of the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) (April 2023,
Government of Japan)※Titles of the references in Japanese are draft translations.

Access to relevant information
1.
2.
3.
4.

https://www.env.go.jp/water/kaiyo/ccs2/chowa_001.html
https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/energy_environment/ccs_choki_roadmap/pdf/2023
0310_2.pdf
https://www.env.go.jp/content/000100925.pdf
https://www.jcm.go.jp/opt/all/about/20230421_JCM_goj_eng.pdf

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3. Abstracts

3.5 Poster Session
Preparation of Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Trends in GHG Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO), Japan

Abstract
Under Article 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter, Convention) and relevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties,
the Annex I parties including Japan (i.e. developed countries) are required to prepare
national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and submit them to the Secretariat of theConvention. Moreover, Article 7 of the Act on Promotion of Global WarmingCountermeasures, which provides for domestic measures under the Convention, requires
the Government of Japan to annually estimate and make public Japan’s GHG emissions
and removals.
In accordance with these Articles, the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
develops the national GHG inventory in cooperation with private consultant companies
under a contract with the Ministry of the Environment. Before compiling the inventory,
GIO collects data from relevant ministries, agencies, and organizations to estimate
emissions and removals. Based on these data together with other data from statistical
publications, GIO then compiles the GHG inventory.
Japan’s GHG emissions and removals in FY2021 were 1,122 million tonnes of carbon
dioxide equivalents (Mt CO2 eq.). (Emissions: 1,170 Mt CO2 eq., Removals: 47.6 Mt CO2eq.)
The emissions decreased by 16.9% (237.7 Mt CO2 eq.) compared to the FY2013
emissions (1,408 Mt CO2 eq.), mainly because of the reduced energy consumption (due toimproved energy conservation, etc.) and the decrease in CO2 emissions from electricity
production due to the wider use of low-carbon electricity (wider adoption of renewableenergy and resumption of nuclear power plant operations), despite the increase inhydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions.

Access to relevant information
https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/index.html

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Towards the Enhanced Transparency Frameworkin the Republic of Korea: Improved Energy Inventory
Hyunhwa Lee, Jiyeon Kim, Hyung-Wook Choi
Greenhouse gas Inventory and Research Center (GIR), Republic of Korea

Abstract
As a main entity of preparing the national GHG inventory, the Greenhouse Gas Inventory& Research Center of Korea (GIR) has been tasked with comprehensive managing for the
first GHG inventory under the Paris Agreement. For an effective implementation of theenhanced transparency framework, the GIR established the “2nd National GHG Inventory
Management Plan 2020-2024” in cooperation with the relevant ministries and agencies in
2020. The plan includes the detailed goals and tasks of each sector to improve the inventory,
whose progress is monitored and assessed annually.
In addition to facilitating the first GHG inventory, the GIR has been developing an
independent electronic reporting system, which is ‘Greenhouse gas Inventory Reporting
System (GIRS). The GIRS’s main function is to compile database, verify the inventory,
and integrate the QA/QC procedures. The GIRS, designed in the linkage with the CRT
reporting tool, is expected to support the submission of CRT.
The National MRV Guideline of Korea has been continuously revised in accordance with
2006 IPCC Guidelines. Especially, the methodologies and activity data in energy sector
have been mainly improved to provide reliable and transparent inventory information. The
scope of fuel consumption is expanded and the inventory is more specified. For example,
coke ovens emission from fuel combustion occurring at iron and steel industry, which had
been included in the manufacturing category is newly estimated as the energy streams
clarify in the revised energy balance. The first inventory of the Republic of Korea iscurrently in the process of preparation and is expected to be submitted by Dec. 2024.

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3. Abstracts

Research on Nonconventional Gases at CSIR-CIMFR, India
Prof. Debadutta Mohanty
Nonconventional Gases Research Group
CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research

Abstract
Reduction in anthropogenic methane emissions is critical to limit warming to 1.5Calongside the ambitious efforts to decarbonise the economies. Methane from humanactivity falls into three main sectors: agriculture (40%), fossil fuels (35%) and waste (20%).
Fugitive emissions are the intentional or unintentional release of greenhouse gases that may
occur during the extraction, processing and delivery of fossil fuels to the point of final use.
India stands as distant 6th in fugitive emissions among the countries reported for 2016
inventory under the convention. India is a developing nation with a growing demand forenergy to achieve the sustainable development goals while meeting the emission reduction
targets. Hence, the country is focusing on the gas based economy and import substitution
to meet the domestic demand while effecting smoother coal transition. It is in this context,
the nonconventional resources should be fully tapped with added environmental benefits.
Coalbed methane (CBM) is one such nonconventional hydrocarbon resource associatedwith coal deposits. On the other hand, underground coal gasification (UCG) provides thetechnology option to produce clean energy from the domestic coal resources, including
those currently unmineable.
Pradhan Mantri Urja Ganga project, implemented by state-run gas utility GAIL, will
provide a major boost to the CBM industry apart of connecting the eastern India to the gas
grid with an aim to enhance the share of gas in the energy mix. Research on UCG is also
imperative as it provides unmanned access to gasify coal to produce syngas for efficient
power generation and feedstock for petrochemical industry. It also offers options for
efficient CO2 capture and accessible and affordable carbon sinks while eliminates the healthand safety hazards of conventional mining. Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS)
has an important role to play in decarbonizing the hard decarbonize sectors. According toan theoretical estimate by NITI Aayog, India has total CO2 geologic storage capacity of
400-600 Gt with a share of 3.4 Gt, 3.5-3.7 Gt, 291 Gt, 97-315 Gt in depleted oil and gas
reservoirs, unmineable coal seams, saline aquifers, and basalts, respectively. The paper
discusses the challenges and opportunities in CBM/shale gas, UCG and geo-sequestration
technologies for a seamless energy transition in Indian context and the need to refine theemission factors for fugitive methane emissions from fossil fuels.

References/ Publications
Sinha A., Mohanty D. (2022). Chapter-5: Coalbed methane (CBM) and underground coalgasification (UCG) in the evolving energy landscape of India. In Book: Sain K., Roy S.,
Gupta H. K. (eds.) Emerging Energy Resources in India (x+222), Geological Society ofIndia, Bangalore, pp.105-133. ISBN No: 978-93-80998-48-0

Access to relevant information

https://di.unfccc.int/detailed_data_by_party

Disclaimer
The views/ideas expressed are solely of the author.

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Climate Change Researchat CSIR, India
Sunil Kumar Pathak*, Tuhin Suvra Khan, Shailesh Kumar Singh, Nanaji Islavath,
Jasvinder Singh, Ojasvi Sharma, Ganesh Naik, Bhavya B Krishna
CSIR – Indian Institute of Petroleum

Abstract
In alignment with the climate change policies and commitments of the Government ofIndia, Climate Change and Data Science (CCDS) has emerged as a significant focus area
within CSIR. Given the criticality of climate change on a global scale, it is essential toharness the power of data science in understanding, monitoring and addressing its
complexities to mitigate detrimental effects to environment and mankind. The primarymandate of the CCDS area is to independently validate the net greenhouse gas (GHG)
impact and, where applicable, assess the overall environmental impact (excluding GHGs)
of all CSIR-IIP technologies across divisions, both in existence and under development.
CCDS is leveraging the Data Science tool for research in hydrogen storage, where
Machine Learning (ML) is successfully employed to screen TiZrNbMoV and TiVZrHfNb
as potential hydrogen storage material with capacity >2.5 weight percent. The developed
HEA alloy can be connected to fuel cell ranging from 500 W to 10 kW to generate power.
In another activity ML is used for the development of environment friendly, nonflammable solid-state battery for EV having high heat resistance, high energy capacity,
high durability and fast charging. CCDS area using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ofdifferent in-house as well as emerging technologies for their net greenhouse gas (GHG)
and associated environmental impact analysis.

Figure 1: (a) Scheme showing the H2 production, storage and utilization, (b) ML model
input and output mapping for HEA as H2 storage material, (c) Single Variable Response of
Temperature and Phase on H2 storage; (d) Scheme showing usage of solid state battery forEV; (e) Scheme for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Biofuels3333

3. Abstracts

DATAMAN: A global database of methane, nitrous oxide, and ammonia
emission factors for livestock housing and outdoor storage of manure
M Hassouna1, TJ van der Weerden2, I Beltran3, B Amon4,5, MA Alfaro3, V Anestis6,
G Cinar4,7, F Dragoni4, NJ Hutchings8, A Leytem9, K Maeda10, A Maragou6,
T Misselbrook11, A Noble2, A Rychła5, F Salazar3, P Simon2
1
INRAE, France, 2 AgResearch Ltd, New Zealand, 3 INIA, Chile, 4 Leibniz Institute for
Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Germany, 5 Univ. of Zielona Góra,
Poland, 6 Agricultural Univ. of Athens, Greece, 7 Freie Univ. Berlin, Germany, 8 Aarhus
Univ., Denmark, 9 USDA-ARS, USA, 10 JIRCAS, Japan, 11 Rothamsted Research, UK

Abstract
Livestock manure management systems can be significant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O),
methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) emissions. Many studies have been conducted to
improve our understanding of the emission processes and to identify influential variables
in order to develop mitigation techniques adapted to each manure management step (animal
housing, outdoor storage, and manure spreading to land). The international project
DATAMAN (http://www.dataman.co.nz) aims to develop a global database on greenhousegases (N2O, CH4) and NH3 emissions from the manure management chain to refine
emission factors (EFs) for national greenhouse gas and NH3 inventories. This paper
describes the housing and outdoor storage components of this database. Relevant
information for different animal categories, manure types, livestock buildings, outdoor
storage, and climatic conditions was collated from published peer-reviewed research,conference papers, and existing databases published between 1995 and 2021. In the housing
database, 2024 EFs were collated (63% for NH3, 19.5% for CH4, and 17.5% for N2O). The
storage database contains 654 NH3 EFs from 16 countries, 243 CH4 EFs from 13 countries,and 421 N2O EFs from 17 countries. Across all gases, dairy cattle and swine production intemperate climate zones are the most represented animal and climate categories. As for the
housing database, the number of EFs for the tropical climate zone is under-represented. The
DATAMAN database can be used for the refinement of national inventories and better
assessment of the cost-effectiveness of a range of mitigation strategies.

References/ Publications
J. Environ. Qual. 2023;52:207–223. doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20430

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Enteric methane emission models for diverse beef cattle feeding systems
in South-east Asia: A meta-analysis
T.P. Teea, Y.M. Goha, M.H.M. Zainudina, S.C.L. Candyrinea, K. Sommartb,
K. Kongphiteeb, W. Sumamalc, I. Phaowphaisalc, R. Namsileec, W. Angthongc, S. Sunatoc,
O. Keaokliangc, K. Maedad, N.V. Thue, T.T. Trunge, N.T.K. Dongf, A. Purnomoadig,
M. Kuriharah, A. Jayanegarai, K. Higuchih, Y. Kobayashih, F. Ohtanih, H. Abeh, F. Teradaj,
H. Kumagaik, H. Matsuyamal, I. Nonakah, N. Takusarih, N. Shibah, K. Hosodah,
T. Suzukid,h, Y. Kamiyah, T. Nishidam, K. Hayasakah, M. Shibatah, M. Wangn, Z.L. Tann,
R. Wangn, E. Kebreabo, H.J. van Lingenp, A.N. Hristovq, J.B. LiangaaUniversiti Putra Malaysia, b Khon Kaen University, Thailand, c Ruminants FeedingStandard Research and Development Center, Thailand, d JIRCAS, Japan, e Can Tho
University, Viet Nam, f Tay Do University, Viet Nam, g Diponegoro University, Indonesia,hNARO, Japan, i IPB University, Indonesia, j Tohoku University, Japan, k Kyoto
University, Japan, l Yamagata University, Japan, m Obihiro University Japan, n Institute ofsubtropical Agriculture, China, o University of California, Davis, USA, p Wageningen
University & Research, the Netherlands, q The Pennsylvania State University, USA

Abstract
Prediction models for enteric methane (CH4) emissions from beef cattle proposed byvarious groups may not perform with similar accuracy for the low- and middle-income
countries in South-east Asia (SE-Asia) because beef cattle in these countries are raised
under different climatic conditions with diverse feeding systems, and have different CH4
emission characteristics. The objectives of this study were to: i) predict CH4 emission (gd−1 animal−1), yield [g kg−1 dry matter intake; DMI) −1], intensity [g kg−1 average daily gain)−1], and CH4 conversion factor (Ym) using an intercountry database of individual animal
records from SE-Asia; ii) evaluate the impact of different dietary forage contents (all-, highand low-forage) representing the diverse feeding systems on CH4 emission, yield, intensity
and Ym in SE-Asia; and iii) cross-validate equations from this study with published data.
A total of 398 individual animal observations of beef cattle from SE-Asia were used forthis analysis. Linear models developed by incrementally adding covariates revealed that
CH4 emission model using only DMI fitted to all data had a root mean square prediction
error (RMSPE) of 16.9%. Subsets containing data with 100% forage in the diet (all-forage),
50–85% (high-forage) and < 50% (low-forage) had an RMSPE of 16.5%, 14.7%, and17.4%, respectively. Linear multiple equation based on DMI and dietary NDF
concentration (DMI + NDF_C, RMSPE = 15.2%; all-data) improved prediction accuracy
over that of DMI alone. The DMI + NDF_C models for all-forage (RMSPE = 14.6%) andhigh-forage subsets (RMSPE = 13.3%) except for low-forage (RMSPE = 16.4%), improved
the precision and accuracy of CH4 emission prediction. Methane yield and CH4 emission
intensity could not be reliably modelled with the current database. The present study
provides improved CH4 prediction models for beef cattle managed under diverse feeding
systems in SE-Asia and affirmed that region-specific models are needed to reliably predict
beef cattle CH4 emission at national or regional levels, particularly for low- and middleincome countries.

References/ Publications
Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 294:115474. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115474

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4

Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
4.1 Overview of the Mutual Learning

Mutual Learning (ML) is an activity to improve individual countries’ inventories throughthe following series of processes: 1) exchanging inventories between two countries, 2)
perusing a partner country’s inventory, and 3) exchanging comments on each other’sinventories. The primary purpose of ML is to improve GHG inventories by providing
details of methods and data for GHG emission/removal estimation between two countries
and by exchanging comments on the methods and data. ML is also expected to foster andstrengthen a cooperative relationship among GHG inventory experts. Since the aim of ML
is not criticism or audit, participants can conduct a two-way communication and follow-up
through direct conversation.
The first ML was held on the Waste Sector between GIO and Korea Environment
Corporation in the annual workshop in 2008. The Secretariat of WGIA introduced thisactivity in WGIA8 held in 2010. With the participants’ agreement, ML has been held in thefollowing WGIAs as a regular session since WGIA9 in 2011. Because of the global
pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ML was held online between 2020
and 2022 and resumed in-person sessions this year at WGIA20.

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Table 4.1.1 History of the ML
2008-20102010 WGIA8

GeneralEnergyIndonesia–
Mongolia

2011

WGIA9

-

2012

WGIA10-2013

WGIA11-

2014

WGIA12-

2015

WGIA13

Japan–
Viet Nam

2016

WGIA14-2017

WGIA15-2018

WGIA16-2019

WGIA172020 ML2020*2

China–
Singapore
Indonesia–
Japan
Thailand–
Japan

2021

WGIA182022

WGIA19-2023

WGIA20-IPPU
Agriculture LULUCF
Trial implementation Japan–Korea
Introduction to ML (with hands-on training)
-

-

Waste

Indonesia–
Japan–Laos Cambodia–
Korea

Cambodia– Indonesia– Indonesia–
China–Korea
ThailandJapan
Viet Nam
Laos–
Malaysia–
China–
Thailand
Viet Nam
MyanmarIndonesia–
China–
Viet Nam*1
MyanmarMongolia
Indonesia– Cambodia–
Korea–
Laos
Mongolia
Myanmar
Myanmar–Brunei–Indonesia– Mongolia–
Malaysia
Korea
Laos
ThailandChina–
Mongolia–
Laos–
Viet Nam
Myanmar Philippines
India–
Japan–
Viet Nam
Laos
Thailand–Cambodia–
Japan
Philippines
Cambodia–
China–
Mongolia–
MyanmarJapan
Singapore
China–
Brunei–
Bhutan–Indonesia
Mongolia
Indonesia
China–
Singapore–
Malaysia
Viet Nam
Mongolia–
Indonesia–
Japan–
Philippines
Laos
Viet Nam* Reporting from Viet Nam with comments from experts*2The physical meeting of WGIA was cancelled to prevent the risks of the COVID-19 but the Mutual Learning sessions were conducted
online.
1Participants
At the start of 2023, the WGIA Secretariat advertised ML to potential participants in
WGIA20 and received applications. Considering the participants’ potential interests andknowledge, an appropriate balance among sectors, and the feasibility of implementation,
the WGIA Secretariat set up three pairs of countries (Mongolia and the Philippines on the
IPPU Sector, Indonesia and Laos on the LULUCF Sector, and Japan and Viet Nam on the
Waste Sector).
Preparation Process
A few months before WGIA20, the chosen participants for ML submitted the materialsof their inventories to the WGIA Secretariat, including worksheets used for estimating
emissions and reports describing details of methodologies, and exchanged the materials
with their partner countries through the Secretariat. By perusing the materials provided by
the partner country, the participants found good points, such as advanced methodologies
and well-institutionalized inventory management systems, as well as unclear points andissues to be improved in the partner’s inventory. Thus, participants provided such findings
as comments and questions to their partner countries in “Q&A Sheets”. After that, the“Q&A Sheets” were exchanged with the partner countries through the Secretariat. The
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partner countries responded to these comments and questions before WGIA20 took place.
SectorIPPU
LULUCF
Waste

Table 4.1.2 Submitted Materials for the ML
Country
Inventory
Mongolia
NC4 and NIR2023 (Draft)
Philippines“2010 Sectoral GHG Inventory Report” (Draft)Indonesia
BUR3 (2021) and FRL2 (2021)
Laos
BUR1 (2020)
Japan
NIR (2023)
Viet Nam
BUR3 (2021)

Discussions
In the WGIA20, three ML sessions were held on June 26th to discuss sector-specificissues based on preliminary comment exchanges. To encourage a frank discussion and toensure confidentiality, these sessions were held as closed-door discussions.
In these sessions, the participants shared with the partner countries their experiences ininventory preparation. Toward the 2024 submission in accordance with the MPGs under
the PA, the participant countries are making efforts to enhance the completeness of theirinventory by resolving not-estimated categories and by preparing time-series data, while
they also continuously try to develop CS EFs and parameters to estimate GHG emissions
more accurately. They are also improving the national inventory systems throughdeveloping and formalizing relationships with various stakeholders under legal frameworks.
Additionally, some countries have already strived/are striving to obtain data to reflect theeffects of mitigation policies, such as the amount of clinker production or CH4 recovery.
The participants had discussions to further enhance and improve these efforts. Buildingon these discussions, the participants will improve and prepare their inventories for the2024 submission.
The points of discussion and the outcomes of each ML session are summarized in thefollowing sections (4.2–4.5).

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4.2 Session on the IPPU Sector
Sector Overview
Mongolia and the Philippines participated in the ML session on the IPPU Sector. The
general information for the two countries is shown in Table 4.2.1 below.
Table 4.2.1 Sector Overview of the ML on the IPPU Sector
Mongolia
Philippines
National total GHG
12,909107,345emissions (Gg CO2 eq., (2020, NC4 draft)(2010 Philippine Greenhouse Gas
with LULUCF)
Inventory Report - Executive
Summary draft)
GHG emissions of the
1,148
8,363
IPPU Sector (Gg CO2(2020, NC4 draft)(2010 Philippine Greenhouse Gas
eq.)Inventory Report - Executive
Summary draft)
Responsible entity for
Ministry of Environment
Climate Change Commission
the inventory
and Tourism(overall)
Department of Environment andNatural Resources (IPPU Sector)
Estimation
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines, The 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Tier 1
methodology
Tier 1and Tier 2
Source of emission
IPCC default values
Country-specific and IPCC
factors
default values
Source of AD
National statistics/surveys
National statistics/surveys, data
and data provided byprovided by industry, andindustryinternational sources
Materials Used
To prepare for the ML session, the partner countries exchanged their materials relevantto the IPPU Sector through the Secretariat a few months before the workshop. The materials
exchanged were as follows:
Mongolia- NIR 2023 (Draft), Chapter 4 and Annex I- NC4 (Draft), Chapter 2- BUR1 (2017)- NIR (2017)
Philippines- 2010 Sectoral Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report - IPPU (Draft)- 2010 Philippine Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report - Executive Summary (Draft)- NC1 (2000)- NC2 (2014)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials listed above, the countries studied them and sent questions
and comments to the partner country before the session. The classification and the number
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Table 4.2.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on the IPPU Sector
Number of questions/commentsfrom Mongolia
from theClassification of questions
to the Philippines
Philippines
to Mongolia
Acquisition of AD
58Adoption of EFs or parameters
3
4
Estimation methods
3
2
Institutional arrangement
00
Others61
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
 Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and the partner countries’ experience wasshared to seek options and solutions.
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

It is necessary to prepare to estimate using higher tier methods for key categories
such as cement production and Refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC). This will
require more disaggregated AD and the collection of confidential data in some cases(both countries).
It is necessary to ensure that the assumptions of the hybrid Tier 1a/b method for
RAC provided by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines are appropriate for the national
circumstances (both countries).
An assessment of completeness for IPPU emission sources based on the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines is required. Surveys of industrial activity, communications with industry,and drafting of policy issuance to require industries to report are ongoing(Philippines).
Difficulties will be faced in terms of QC during recalculations and switching toreporting F-gas emissions using AR5 GWP values for the entire time series (bothcountries).
For categories with less complicated end-uses, such as electrical equipment (2.G.1),
efforts may be taken to start estimation (both countries).
More description specific to a country is needed for the clarity of the reports,
including e.g., what AD or EFs were actually applied (both countries).

 Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:
Mongolia
1) Consistent time-series emissions from 1990 onward have been prepared.
2) For an accurate estimation of the mineral industry category, the largest source of
IPPU, a quality check was conducted by comparing AD from the Ministry ofAgriculture and Light Industry and the National Statistical Office.
3) An assessment of completeness for IPPU emission sources based on the 2006 IPCC
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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Guidelines was conducted, and categories that are not estimated have been
discussed in the report.
Philippines
1) Executive Order No.174 provided the institutional arrangement for the GHG
inventory management and reporting system. The Climate Change Commission as
the overall lead agency issued guidance documents, templates, and tools to serve as
reference for the agencies in the development of the latest inventory.
2) Clinker production data was used in the inventory estimation of cement production,
which is a key category. It is also beneficial because clinker substitution is one of
the mitigation measures in the NDC.
3) To fill the gaps in the clinker production data for Tier 2 cement production
estimation, efforts were made to use alternative data from other sources.
Table 4.2.3 Participants in the ML on the IPPU Sector
CountryName
Organization
Mongolia
Ms. Davaasambuu Ulzii-Orshikh
Climate Change Research and
Dr. Gerelmaa Shaariibuu
Cooperation Center
Dr. Bujidmaa Borkhuu
Philippines *Mr. Carl Louie Santiago
Climate Change Service,*Mr. Rolando Abad Jr.
Department of Environment andNatural Resources
Mr. Bryan Bolivar Bongco
Mr. Ross Ian M. Avino
Environmental Management Bureau,
Department of Environment andNatural Resources
Ms. Sandee Gamulo Recabar
Climate Change Office, Climate
Change Commission*Mr. Richard Victor Palma
Climate Change Commission
Facilitators, Ms. Hatanaka Elsa (Facilitator)
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,etc.
Ms. Hirata Eriko (Facilitator)
National Institute for Environmental
Studies
Mr. Kosaka Naofumi (Secretariat)
Mr. Terakawa Takuji
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and(Resource person)
Consulting Co., Ltd.
Ms. Kuroda Kotoe
Ministry of the Environment, Japan(Workshop organizer)
Note) *: Remote participants

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4.3 Session on the LULUCF Sector
Sector Overview
Indonesia and Laos participated in the ML session on the LULUCF Sector. The general
information for the two countries is shown in the table below.
Table 4.3.1 Sector Overview of the ML on the LULUCF Sector
Indonesia
Laos
National total GHG
1,845,067
24,100emissions (kt-CO2 eq.,(2019, BUR3)(2014, BUR1)
with LULUCF)
GHG emissions in the924,853
18,793
FOLU/ AFOLU category(FOLU in 2016, BUR3)(AFOLU in 2014, BUR1)(kt-CO2 eq.)
Responsible agency for the Ministry of Environment- Department of Climate
inventory
and Forestry
Change, Ministry of Natural
Resources andEnvironment, - Department
of Forestry, Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry
Estimation methodology
The 2006 IPCC
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines,
Guidelines, Wetlands
Tier 1 and Tier 2
Supplement,
Tier 1 and Tier 2
Source of EFs
IPCC default values and
IPCC default values and CS
CS values
values
Source of AD
National statistics andNational statistics andremote sensing data
remote sensing data
Materials Used
To prepare for the ML session in WGIA20, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to the LULUCF Sector through the Secretariat starting a few months before theworkshop. The documents exchanged were as follows:Indonesia- BUR3 (2021)- Indonesia’s Second Forest Reference Level (FRL) (2022)- Summary of “Guidance to the Implementation and Reporting of National Greenhouse
Gases Inventories”, Director General of Climate Change Regulation No. 73/2017- Summary of “Guidance of Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) of
Greenhouse Gas Inventories”, Director General of Climate Change Regulation No.
10/2018
Laos- BUR1 (2020)- The technical annex of the BUR on REDD-PLUS activities (2020)- Technical report on the CS forest fire data and EF development (2022)- Worksheet of Laos’ BUR1 for AFOLU
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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, the countries studied them and sent
questions and comments to the partner country before the workshop. The classification andthe number of questions are as follows.
Table 4.3.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on the LULUCF Sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Indonesia
from Laos
to Laos
to Indonesia
Acquisition of AD
44
Adoption of EFs or parameters
1
2
Estimation methods
20Institutional arrangement
6
3
Others3
1
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
 Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and experience was shared to seek options andsolutions:
1.

2.
3.
4.

In order to meet the new requirements under the Paris Agreement (18/CMA.1,
5/CMA.3), the following challenges were identified: Reporting consistent annual time-series data (Laos) Estimating for not-estimated categories or using appropriate Notation Keys
(both countries)
 Disaggregating the emissions by sub-category and carbon pool in accordancewith the CRT (both countries) Separating the AFOLU into Agriculture and LULUCF/FOLU (bothcountries).
Difficulties have been faced in collecting appropriate AD (both countries).
Estimating all carbon pools, especially mineral soils, has been challenging (bothcountries).
Involving sub-national and local stakeholders in climate change communication tocollect more data to reflect local circumstances on ADs/ EFs (both countries).

 Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:Indonesia1) Submitting various reports, such as BURs and FRLs reports, has helped with the
improvements for each submission.
2) The institutional arrangement for BUR3 was developed with better coordination andcollaboration.
3) Remote sensing has contributed to improving the detection of land use and land-use
changes, resulting in, e.g., the production of monthly maps of burnt scar areas and4444

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annual land cover maps.
4) Indonesia has developed many aspects of its report for BUR3. The following are thepractices improved from the previous BUR 2:
 Reported a consistent annual time series starting from 2000 up to 2019,
which is equivalent to two years prior to the submission.
 Recalculations were conducted for all reporting years from the previous
submission.
 CH4 and N2O emissions from biomass burning were estimated in the FOLU
Sector.
5) Improvement was made by prioritizing key categories.
Laos1) 2006 IPCC Guidelines were applied.
2) A land-use change Matrix was developed.
3) To improve GHG estimations for forests, Laos has been making efforts to reflect its
national circumstance, which includes developing CS parameters and applying theallometric equations from a neighboring country (Viet Nam) for some forest types.
4) CS EFs for estimating emissions from biomass burning are being studied and areplanned to be used in the near future (such as in the FREL, GHG inventory).
5) A National GHG database management system is being developed through CBIT
projects.
6) Standard Operational Procedures (SOP: a kind of agreement procedure for revisingestimation methodologies) have been applied to every submission.
Table 4.3.3 Participants in the ML on the LULUCF Sector
Countries

Name

Indonesia

Mr. Heri Pumomo
Ms. Endah Riana Oktavia
Ms. Fifi Nofitri

Laos

Dr. BounEua Khamphilavanh
Ms. Vathsouda Nilathsay
Mr. Somphavy Keoka
Mr. Khamkhong Inthavong

Facilitators,etc.

Ms. Hayashi Atsuko (Facilitator)
Mr. Ito Hiroshi (Facilitator)
Mr. Osako Akira (Secretariat)
Dr. Sato Atsushi(Resource person)

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Organization
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMeasurement, Reporting, andVerification, Ministry of Environment
and Forestry
GHG Mitigation Division,
Department of Climate Change,
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment
Forest Inventory and Planning
Division, Department of Forestry,
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
National Institute for Environmental
Studies
Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting Co., Ltd.

4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions

4.4 Session on the Waste Sector
Sector Overview
Japan and Viet Nam participated in the ML session on the Waste Sector. The general
information for the two countries is shown in the table below.
Table 4.4.1 Sector Overview of the ML on the Waste Sector
Japan
Viet Nam
National total GHG
1,118,272
316,735
emissions (kt-CO2 eq., with (2021, NIR2023)(2016, BUR3)
LULUCF)
17,712
20,738GHG emissions in the(2016, NIR2023)(2016, BUR3)
Waste Sector (kt-CO2 eq.)
Responsible agency for the
Ministry of the
Department of Climate
inventory
Environment
Change, Ministry of
Natural Resources andEnvironment
Estimation methodology
The 2006 IPCC
The 2006 IPCC
Guidelines, Default, Tier 2, Guidelines, Tier 1 and Tier
Tier 3, and CS
2
Source of EFs
IPCC default values and
IPCC default values
CS values
Source of AD
National statistics
National statistics
Materials Used
To prepare for the ML session in WGIA20, both countries exchanged their documents
relevant to the Waste Sector through the Secretariat starting a few months before theworkshop. The documents exchanged were as follows:Japan- NIR (2023)- CRF (2023)
Viet Nam- BUR3 (2021)- NIR (2021)- NDC (Updated in 2022)- Excel files for emissions in 2016 drafted in 2020 (based on IPCC Waste Model and 2006
IPCC Guidelines Worksheets)
Questions and Answers
After receiving the materials described above, the countries studied them and sent
questions and comments to the partner country before the workshop. The classification andthe number of questions are as follows.

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Table 4.4.2 Classification of Questions and Comments in the ML on the Waste Sector
Number of questions/comments
Classification of questions
from Japan
from Viet Nam
to Viet Nam
to JapanAcquisition of AD
43
Adoption of EFs or parameters
1
1
Estimation methods
12Institutional arrangement
2
1
Others3
4
Outcomes of the Mutual Learning Session
Through the ML session, several issues and good practices in the participating countries’
preparation of GHG inventory were identified.
 Issues and Solutions / Outstanding issues
The following were identified as issues, and experience was shared to seek options andsolutions:1.

Applying appropriate extrapolation techniques can make up for the lack of historical
data for the Solid Waste Disposal category, and this will eliminate theunderestimation of CH4 emissions (Viet Nam).
2. There is still room for improvement regarding differences between national statistics
and aggregated data from municipalities (Viet Nam).
3. AD of CH4 recovery and sludge needs to be collected through ongoing CDM
projects and other upcoming relevant projects (Viet Nam).
4. Development of CS EFs and parameters can improve national emission estimations(both countries).
 Good Practices
The following were identified as good practices:Japan1) Transparent explanation and accurate estimation of GHG emissions were provided
in NIR.
2) A national system, with the cooperation of the private sector, municipalities, andrelevant agencies, has been established for collecting AD, developing EFs, andconducting QA/QC activities.
3) An effective legal framework for waste management has been established.
Viet Nam
1) A national inventory system has been established by domestic laws and has effective
QC procedures.
2) Continuous efforts are made to improve the methodology for the next inventory
submission.
3) Uncertainty analysis was conducted in detail.

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4. Report on the Mutual Learning Sessions
Table 4.4.3 Participants in the ML on the Waste Sector
PartiesName
Organization
Japan
Dr. Oda Takefumi (Facilitator)
GHG Inventory Office of Japan,
Dr. Taki Wakana (Facilitator)
National Institute for Environmental
StudiesMs. Hatanaka Elsa (Secretariat)
Mr. Oyama Seiya
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and* Mr. Ueda Hiroyuki
Consulting Co., Ltd.
* Mr. Kawanishi Satoshi
Ms. Kuroda Kotoe
Ministry of the Environment, Japan(Workshop organizer)
Viet Nam Mr. Tran Ha Ninh
Department of Climate Change,
Mr. Ly Viet Hung
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment
Dr. Nguyen Hung Minh
Note) *: Remote participants.

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Annex I: Agenda

CGER-I166-2023,
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CGER-I166-2023,
CGER/NIES

Annex I: Agenda
The 20th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA20)
Period: 26th– 29th June 2023
Venue: Grand Hotel New Oji (Japan)

8:30-9:00
9:00-12:30
SectorCombination ofParticipating
Countries
Room
Facilitator
Rapporteur
12:30-14:00
14:00-17:30
SectorCombination ofParticipating
Countries
Room
Facilitator

Day 1: Morning, 26th June 2023
Registration
Mutual Learning (Closed sessions: only for countries
participating in the session, facilitators, resource persons,rapporteurs and the WGIA Secretariat)
IPPU
Mongolia – Philippines
Yuri
Ms. HIRATA Eriko (GIO)
Ms. HATANAKA Elsa (GIO)
Lunch
Day 1: Afternoon, 26th June
Mutual Learning (Closed sessions: only for countries
participating in the session, facilitators, resource persons,rapporteurs and the WGIA Secretariat)
LULUCF
Waste
Indonesia – Laos
Japan – Viet Nam
Yuri
Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko (GIO)
Mr. ITO Hiroshi (GIO)

SuzuranDr. ODA Takefumi (GIO)
Dr. TAKI Wakana (GIO)

Rapporteur
Note: Mutual learning sessions are closed sessions in order to secure
confidentiality of information so that countries participating in each mutual
learning session can provide unpublished information. Therefore, only
participating countries in each session, facilitators, resource persons and the
WGIA Secretariat are allowed to.

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Annex I

8:30 - 9:00
9:00 – 10:00

Day 2: Morning, 27th June
Registration
Opening Session

9:00 – 9:10

Room: Chair:
Grand Ms. HATANAKA Elsa (GIO)
Hall
Welcome Address

Rapporteur:Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko(GIO)
Ms. NISHIKAWA Junko(MOEJ)
Mr. SENOO Kohei/
Ms. KURODA Kotoe(MOEJ)
Mr. ITO Hiroshi
(GIO)
All

9:10 – 9:25

Japan’s Progress on Climate Change
Measures and International Cooperation

9:25 – 9:35

Introduction to WGIA20

9:35 – 10:00

Questions and Answers

10:00 – 10:30

Group Photo & Tea Break

10:30 – 12:00

Session I: Updates on the GHG Inventory of National
Communications (NCs) and Biennial Update Reports (BURs)
from non-Annex I Parties
Room: Chair:
Rapporteur:Grand Prof. Rizaldi Boer (AB/Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko
Hall
Bogor Agricultural(GIO)
University)
Cambodia’s Third National
Ms. Heang Phallin
Communication and GHG Emissions(Cambodia)
TargetMalaysia Fourth Biennial Update Report Ms. Dayang Ratnasari
Under the United Nations Framework
Abu Bakar/ Ms. Elizabeth
Convention on Climate Change
Philip (Malaysia)
Singapore’s Fifth Biennial Update
Ms. Winnie Chia
Report(Singapore)

10:30 – 10:45
10:45 – 11:00
11:00 – 11:15
11:15 – 11:30
11:30 – 12:00

Updates on the GHG Inventory of
National Communications & BUR
Questions and Answers

12:00 – 14:00

Lunch

5050

Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim(Bangladesh)AllCGER-I166-2023,
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14:00 – 15:30

14:00 – 14:30(Online)
14:30 – 14:45

14:45 – 15:00
15:00 – 15:30
15:30 – 15:35
15:35 – 16:00
16:00– 17:40

16:00 – 17:40

16:00 – 17:40

16:00 – 17:40
19:00 – 21:00

Day 2 Afternoon, 27th June
Session II: Changes in Reporting Under the Paris Agreement
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:Grand Hall Ms. Sandee G.
Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko (GIO)
Recabar(Philippines)
Mr. AIZAWA Tomoyuki
Overview on GHG Inventory
Reporting Under the Paris(UNFCCC)
Agreement
Mr. Dominique Revet
Strengthen the Capacity of(UNFCCC)
Developing Countries to Prepare
and Manage National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories as a Basis for
Effective Implementation of theEnhanced Transparency Framework
Under the Paris Agreement
Updates on the IPCC Inventory
Dr. Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Software and Recent Activities(AB; IPCC/TFI)Questions and Answers,
All
Discussion
Introduction to Session III
Mr. KOSAKA Naofumi (GIO)
Tea BreakSession III: Planning for the First GHG Inventory Under the Paris
Agreement
Rapporteur:Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko (GIO)
Session III-BOG1: Planning for the First GHG Inventory Under
the Paris Agreement
Room:
Discussion lead:
Grand Hall Mr. KOSAKA Naofumi
Discussion
Breakout Group (BOG) 1
Session III-BOG2: Planning for the First GHG Inventory Under
the Paris Agreement
Room:
Discussion lead:
Yuri
Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko
Discussion
Breakout Group (BOG) 2
Session III-BOG3: Planning for the First GHG Inventory Under
the Paris Agreement
Room:
Discussion lead:
SuzuranMs. HATANAKA Elsa
Discussion
Breakout Group (BOG) 3
Welcome Reception

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Annex I
9:00 – 12:00(Cancelled)
9:00 – 9:25
9:25 –9:50
9:50 – 10:20
10:20– 10:50
10:50 – 11:15
11:15 – 11:30

11:30 – 12:00
12:00 – 13:30
13:30 – 15:00
13:30 – 15:00
15:00 – 15:15
15:15 – 16:20
15:15 – 15:30
15:30 – 15:45
15:45 – 16:00
16:00 – 16:15
16:15 – 16:20

17:00 – 18:00
17:00 – 17:30
17:30 – 18:00

Day 3 Morning, 28th June
Session IV: Methodology for the Energy Sector
Room:
Chair:
Rapporteur:Grand Hall
Mr. TANABE Kiyoto
Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko(IPCC/TFI)(GIO)
China’s Country-Specific Emission
Dr. Xu Danhui
Factors for the Energy Sector(China)Ms. Dk Nur Afifah
Brunei Darussalam’s GHG National
Atikah Pg Hj Ismail
Inventory System and GHG Estimates(Brunei)from the Energy Sector
Carbon Dioxide Transport, Injection, andMr. Vincent Camobreco
Geologic Storage in the Inventory of U.S. (US EPA)
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
Questions and Answers, DiscussionAll
Tea BreakJapan’s Reporting on Carbon Capture and Mr. KOSAKA Naofumi
Storage(GIO)
Policies for Carbon Capture and Storage
Mr. SENOO Kohei/(CCS) in Japan and Overview of CCS
Ms. UGA Maiko
Under the Joint Crediting Mechanism(MOEJ)(JCM)
Questions and Answers, Discussion
All
Lunch
Day 3 Afternoon, 28th June
Poster Session
Room: Foyer
Discussion
Poster Presenter
Tea BreakWrap-up Session
Room:
Chair:
Grand Hall
Ms. HATANAKA Elsa (GIO)
Summary of the Mutual Learning
Dr. ODA Takefumi
Sessions(GIO)
Discussion
All
Summary of the Plenary Sessions
Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko(GIO)
Discussion
All
Closing Remarks
Ms. HATANAKA Elsa
(GIO)
Day 3 Evening, 28th June
Joint Meeting of the WGIA Organizing Committee and Advisory
Board (members of the OC and AB are requested to attend)
Room: Kikyo
Chair: Mr. ITO Hiroshi (GIO)
Review of Activities in WGIA20
OC/AB members
Discussion on Topics for WGIA21
OC/AB members
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CGER-I166-2023,
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Study Tour, 29th June
8:15 – 11:30
Study TourGroup 1
12:45 – 16:00
Study TourGroup 2
Note:
Study Tour Groups will be assigned according to return flight schedules. The WGIA
Secretariat will announce which group you will be included in.
Abbreviations:
AB: WGIA Advisory Board
BUR: Biennial Update Report
GHG: Greenhouse Gas
GIO: Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, NIES
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC/TFI: IPCC, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
IPPU: Industrial Processes and Product Use
MOEJ: Ministry of the Environment, Japan
NC: National Communication
NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
OC: WGIA Organizing Committee
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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Annex I
Poster Session
28th June, 13:30 – 15:00
Room: Foyer
No.
Topic Title
Name, Organization
P-1
7
Preparation of Japan’s
GIO, NIES
National Greenhouse
Gas Inventory and
Trends in GHG
EmissionsP-2
7
Towards the Enhanced Ms. Hyunhwa Lee, Ms. Jiyeon Kim, Dr.
Transparency
hyung-Wook Choi Greenhouse Gas
Framework in theInventory and Research Center of Korea
Republic of Korea:(GIR), Republic of Korea
Improved Energy
Inventory
P-3
3
Research on
Prof. Debadutta Mohanty, Professor, AcSIR
Nonconventional Gases and Senior Principal Scientist and Head,at CSIR-CIMFR, India Nonconventional Gases Research Group
CSIR- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel
Research
P-4
7
Greenhouse Gas
Sunil Kumar Pathak*, Tuhin Suvra Khan,
Inventory and Climate Shailesh Kumar Singh, Nanaji Islavath,
Change Research at
Jasvinder Singh, Ojasvi Sharma, Ganesh
CSIR, India
Naik, Bhavya B Krishna
CSIR – Indian Institute of Petroleum
P-5
1
DATAMAN: A Global M Hassouna1, TJ van der Weerden2, I
Database of Methane,
Beltran3, B Amon4,5, MA Alfaro3, V Anestis6,
G Cinar4,7, F Dragoni4, NJ Hutchings8, A
Nitrous Oxide, andAmmonia Emission
Leytem9, K Maeda10, A Maragou6, T
Factors for Livestock
Misselbrook11, A Noble2, A Rychła5, F
Housing and Outdoor
Salazar3, P Simon2
1
INRAE, France, 2AgResearch Ltd, New
Storage of Manure
Zealand, 3INIA, Chile, 4Leibniz Institute for
Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy(ATB), Germany, 5Univ. of Zielona Góra,
Poland, 6Agricultural Univ. of Athens,
Greece, 7Freie Univ. Berlin, Germany,
8
Aarhus Univ., Denmark, 9USDA-ARS,
USA, 10JIRCAS, Japan, 11Rothamsted
Research, UK
P-6
1Enteric Methane
T.P. Tee1, Y.M. Goh1, M.H.M. Zainudin1,
Emission Models for
S.C.L. Candyrine1, K. Sommart2, K.
Diverse Beef Cattle
Kongphitee2, W. Sumamal3, I.
Feeding Systems in
Phaowphaisal3, R. Namsilee3, W. Angthong3,
South-East Asia: A
S. Sunato3, O. Keaokliang3, K. Maeda4, N.V.
Thu5, T.T. Trung5, N.T.K. Dong6, A.
Meta-Analysis
Purnomoadi7, M. Kurihara8, A. Jayanegara9,
K. Higuchi8, Y. Kobayashi8, F. Ohtani8, H.
Abe8, F. Terada10, H. Kumagai11, H.
Matsuyama12, I. Nonaka8, N. Takusari8, N.
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CGER/NIES
Shiba8, K. Hosoda8, T. Suzuki4,8, Y. Kamiya8,
T. Nishida13, K. Hayasaka8, M. Shibata8, M.
Wang14, Z.L. Tan14, R. Wang14, E. Kebreab15,
H.J. van Lingen16, A.N. Hristov17, J.B.
Liang11
Univ. Putra Malaysia, 2Khon Kaen Univ.,
Thailand, 3Ruminants Feeding Standard
Research and Development Center, Thailand,
4
JIRCAS, Japan, 5Can Tho Univ., Viet Nam,
6
Tay Do Univ., Viet Nam, 7Diponegoro
Univ., Indonesia, 8NARO, Japan, 9IPB Univ.,
Indonesia, 10Tohoku Univ., Japan, 11Kyoto
Univ., Japan, 12Yamagata Univ., Japan,
13
Obihiro Univ. Japan, 14Institute ofsubtropical Agriculture, China, 15Univ. of
California, Davis, USA, 16Wageningen Univ.
& Research, the Netherlands, 17The
Pennsylvania State Univ., USA

Topics:1. Emission factor development (Sector)
2. Remote-sensing and GIS
3. Data collection and statistics
4. International support programme
5. International framework
6. Low carbon society and mitigation measures
7. Other

5555

Annex II: List of Participants

CGER-I166-2023,
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CGER-I166-2023,
CGER/NIES

Annex II: List of Participants
BY PARTICIPATING COUNTRY

Dr. Debadutta MOHANTY
Nonconventional Gases Research Group
CSIR- Central Institute of Mining andFuel Research

BHUTANMr. Bhagat Pokhrel CHHETRI
Environment Section, Samdrup Jongkhar
ThromdeDr. Sunil Kumar PATHAKClimate Change and Date Science
CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum(Alphabetical order by FAMILY NAME)

Mr. Sharath Kumar PALLERLA
Climate Change Division
Ministry of Environment, Forest andClimate Change

Mr. Dorji KHANDO
Environment Sector, Trongsa District
Administration, Department ofEnvironment and Climate Change

Mr. Ajay RAGHAVA
Ministry of Environment, Forest andClimate Change, Government of India

Mr. Leki WANGDI
Department of Industry, Environment
Service Sector, Ministry of Industry,
Commerce and Employment

INDONESIAMs. Endah Riana Oktavia
Directorate of GHG Inventory and MRV
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

BRUNEI
Ms. Nur Hakimah @ Juwairah binti HAJI
BURHANUDDIN
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Prime Minister’s Office

Ms. Fifi Nofitri
Directorate of GHG Inventory andMeasurement, Reporting and Verification,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Mr. Abdul Matiin bin MD KASIM
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Prime Minister’s Office

Mr. Heri Pumomo
Directorate of GHG Inventory and MRV
Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ms. Dk Nur Afifah Atikah Binti PG HJISMAIL
Brunei Climate Change Secretariat,
Prime Minister’s OfficeProf. Rizaldi Boer
Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity
Management, Bogor Agricultural
University

CAMBODIA
Ms. CHEAT Meardey
Department of Climate Change,
Ministry of Environment
Ms. HEANG Phallin
Department of Climate Change,
Ministry of EnvironmentJAPAN
Ms. HATANAKA Elsa
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies

INDIA
Mr. Jaypalsinh CHAUHANCBIT GSP Project
UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre

Ms. HAYASHI Atsuko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies
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Annex II
Ms. HIRATA Eriko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies
Ms. IKEDA Naoko
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. ISHII Tomohiro
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of
the Environment
Mr. ITO Hiroshi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. KAWANISHI Satoshi
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting
Co., Ltd.
Mr. KOSAKA Naofumi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies
Ms. KURODA Kotoe
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment
Bureau, Ministry of Environment
Mr. MAEDA Koki
Crop, Livestock and Environment
Division Japan International ResearchCenter for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)
Mr. MATSUBARA Minoru
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of
the Environment

Mr. MORIMOTO Takashi
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting
Co., Ltd.
Ms. NAGASAWA Kyoka
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of
the Environment
Ms. NISHIKAWA Junko
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment
Bureau, Ministry of Environment
Dr. NOJIRI Yukihiro
Mt. FUJI Research Station
Dr. ODA Takefumi
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. OSAKO Akira
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. OYAMA Seiya
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting
Co., Ltd.
Mr. SAKOGUCHI Sadamitsu
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment
Bureau, Ministry of Environment
Mr. SASAKI Ken
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry ofEnvironment

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LAOS
Mr. Khamkhong INTHAVONG
Department of Climate Change.
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment

Dr. SATO Atsushi
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting
Co., Ltd.
Mr. SENOO Kohei
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry ofEnvironment
Dr. TAKI Wakana
GHG Inventory Office of Japan (GIO),
Center for Global Environmental
Research, Earth System Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. TAMAI Akihiro
Overseas Environmental Cooperation
Center, Japan (OECC)
Mr. TERAKAWA Takuji
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting
Co., Ltd.

Mr. Somphavy KEOKA
Forest Inventory and Planning Division,
Department of Forestry
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Mr. BounEua KHAMPHILAVANH
Department of Climate Change, Ministryof Natural Resources and Environment
Ms. Vathsouda NILATHSAY
GHG Mitigation Division, Department of
Climate Change
Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment
MALAYSIA
Ms. Dayang Ratnasari ABU BAKAR
Climate Change Division, Ministry of
Natural Resources, Environment andClimate Change, Malaysia

Mr. TSUJI Keitaro
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment
Bureau, Ministry of the Environment

Dr. Elizabeth MP. PHILIP
Environment & Climate Change
Programme
Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Mr. UEDA Hiroyuki
Global Environment Department,
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting
Co., Ltd.

Mr. Zaharin Bin ZULKIFLI
Energy Data and Research Unit
Energy Commission of Malaysia

Ms. UGA Maiko
Office of Director for International
Cooperation for Transition to
Decarbonization and Sustainable
Infrastructure, Global Environment
Bureau, Ministry of the Environment

MONGOLIA
Dr. Bujidmaa BORKHUUClimate Change Research andCooperation Centre (CCRCC)
Ministry of Environment and Tourism
Dr. Gerelmaa SHAARIIBUUClimate Change Research andCooperation Centre (CCRCC)
Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Mr. YAMAGUCHI Yoshihiro
Decarbonized Society Promotion Office,Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of
the Environment5959

Annex II
Ms. Davaasambuu ULZII-ORSHIKH
Climate Change Research andCooperation Centre (CCRCC)
Ministry of Environment and Tourism
PHILIPPINES
Mr. Rolando Jr. ABAD
Climate Change Service, Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resources,
Mr. Ross Ian M. AVINO
Environmental Management Bureau,
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources
Mr. Bryan Bolivar BONGCO
Climate Change Information andTechnical Support Division of Climate
Change Service Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resources
Mr. Richard Victor PALMA
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission
Ms. Sandee G. RECABAR
Implementation Oversight Division,
Climate Change Commission
Mr. Carl Louie SANTIAGO
Climate Change Service, Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resources
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Mr. KIM Sangil
Department of Carbon Neutrality,
Korea Environment Corporation
Ms. LEE Hyunhwa
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and ResearchCenter of Korea, Ministry of Environment
Ms. LEE Youngjae
Department of Carbon Neutrality,
Korea Environment Corporation

SINGAPORE
Ms. Hui Ling Winnie CHIA
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency
Mr. Gerard HENG
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency
Ms. Yueying LEE
Urban Food Solutions
Singapore Food Agency
Ms. Ester SUEN
International Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board
Ms. Wen Ai Lorraine TAN
International Biodiversity Conservation,
National Parks Board
Mr. Lek Kong WAN
Carbon Mitigation Division,
National Environment Agency
THAILAND
Dr. Piti PITA
Research unit in Sustainable Energy and
Built Environment
Thammasat University
Dr. Sirintornthep TOWPRAYOON
The Joint Graduate School of Energy andEnvironment, King Mongkut’s Universityof Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)
Ms. Sasiwimon WICHADEEOffice of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning(ONEP)VIET NAM
Mr. LY Viet Hung
Ozone Layer Protection and Economy
Low Carbon Development Center,
Department of Climate Change, Ministryof Natural Resources and Environment

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Ms. NGUYEN Hung Minh
Center for Climate Change Responding,
Department of Climate Change, Ministryof Natural Resources and Environment

IPCC TFI
Dr. Baasansuren JAMSRANJAVTechnical Support Unit, Task Force on
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
ChangeMr. TRAN Ha Ninh
Department of Climate Change, Ministryof Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. TANABE Kiyoto
Co-Chair, Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
UNFCCCMr. AIZAWA Tomoyuki
Systems & Tools Unit,
Transparency Division, United Nations Climate Change Secretariat (UNFCCC)
Mr. Dominique REVETGHG Support Unit,
Transparency Division, United Nations Climate Change Secretariat (UNFCCC)
USEPAMr. Vincent CAMOBRECO
Office of Atmospheric Protection, Climate
Change Division,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
BANGLADESH
Mr. MD Rezaul Karim
Department of Environment
Ministry of Environment, Forest andClimate Chang

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