人文学プログラム筆記試験問題次の各問に答えなさい。
なお、 解答用紙は各問（大問題）ごとに使用し、 解答用紙の所定欄に問題番号を必ず記入すること。
第1問
以下の(1)�(5)の設問のうち、あなたの研究題目に最も近い分野の設問を一 つ選んで、その設問に対して解答しなさい。 なお、選択した設問の番号(1)�(5)を、解答用紙の冒頭（小問題番号等記入スペ ー ス） に明記すること。
(1)〔哲学・思想・宗教〕

哲学・思想・宗教に関して、 まずあなたが研究したいテ ー マ（題名）を冒頭に書き(1行以内 、 但し字数に含めない）、 それをどうして問題にしようと考えたのか、主に研究する文献や参考とする文献は何か、これからどのように研究し、どんなことを明らかにしていきたいのかを、1,000字以上1,200字以内で述べなさい。
(2)〔美学・芸術論〕

あなたが修士論文で研究しようと考えている芸術作品や美学的・芸術学的テ ーマについて、 その学問的重要性を、論理的に、 1,000字以上1,200字以内で述べなさい。
(3)

〔歴史学〕

歴史学研究において文献史料と非文献史料がそれぞれ果たす役割について 、 自らの研究テ ー マを事例として挙げながら、1,000字以上1,200字以内で述べなさv ヽ。

(4)〔文学・言語文化〕

文学、 言語学、 言語文化 、 およびその関連領域において 、 あなたが最も関心を抱いているテ ー マ（作家・作品・理論・現象等） を 一 つ選び、
① いかにしてそのテ ー マに惹かれるようになったのか、② それについてこれまで何を学び 、 考えてきたのか、③ これからどのように研究を深めていきたいと考えているか、合わせて、 1,000字以上1,200字以内で述べなさい 。
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(5)

〔人類学・比較文化〕下の語群の中から三つ以上の語を選び、 それらを相互に関係づけ、 あなたの研究テ ー マに沿って、 または具体的な事例を挙げて、 1,000 字以上 1,200 字以内で論じなさい。 冒頭に適切なタイトルをつけること(1行以内、但し字数に含めない）。 また、 選んだ語を最初に使うときに下線をつけること。
ジェンダ ー 、 文明、 グロ ー バリゼ ー ション、 宗教、物質文化、科学技術、贈与、 農耕、 近代、 身体、 文化相対主義、 感染症、 都市-2-

第2問次の英文を読んで、 論旨を150字程度の日本語に要約しなさい。
In our view, the best academic writing has one underlying feature: it is deeply
engaged in some way with other people's views. Too often, however, academic writing istaught as a process of saying "true" or "smart" things in a vacuum, as if it were possible
to argue effectively without being in conversation with someone else. If you have beentaught to write a traditional five-paragraph essay, for example, you have learned how todevelop a thesis and support it with evidence. This is good advice as far as it goes, but it
leaves out the important fact that in the real world we don't make arguments without
being provoked. Instead, we make arguments because someone has said or done
something (or perhaps not said or done something) and we need to respond: "I can't see
why you like the Lakers* so much"; "I agree: it was a great film"; "That argument iscontradictory." If it weren't for other people and our need to challenge, agree with, orotherwise respond to them, there would be no reason to argue at all.
To make an impact as a writer, then, you need to do more than make statementsthat are logical, well supported, and consistent. You must also find a way of entering into
conversation with the views of others, with something "they say." The easiest and mostcommon way writers do this is by summarizing what others say and then using it to set up
what they want to say.
"But why," as a student of ours once asked, "do I always need to summarize theviews of others to set up my own view? Why can't I just state my own view and be donewith it?" Why indeed? After all, "they," whoever they may be, will have already had theirsay, so why do you have to repeat it? Furthermore, if they had their say in print, can'treaders just go and read what was said themselves?
The answer is that if you don't identify the "they say" you're responding to, yourown argument probably won't have a point. Readers will wonder what prompted you tosay what you're saying and therefore motivated you to write. Without a "they say," what
you are saying may be clear to your audience, but why you are saying it won't be. Even if
we don't know what film he's referring to, it's easy to grasp what the speaker means here
when he says that its characters are very complex. But it's hard to see why the speaker
feels the need to say what he is saying. "Why," as one member of his imagined audience
wonders, "is he telling us this?" So the characters are complex—so what?
Now look at what happens to the same proposition when it is presented as a-3-

response to something "they say": We hope you agree that the same claim―"thecharacters in the film are very complex"―becomes much stronger when presented as a
response to a contrary view: that the film's characters "are sexist stereotypes."
To put our point another way, framing your "I say" as a response to something "theysay" gives your writing an element of contrast without which it won't make sense. It may
be helpful to think of this crucial element as an "as-opposed-to-what factor" and, as you
write, to continually ask yourself, "Who says otherwise?" and "Does anyone dispute it?"

語釈：theLakers

アメリカのプロバスケットボ ー ルのチ ー ムであるロサンジェルス ・レイカー ズのこと。
出典：

From THEY SAY/I SAY: THE MOVES THAT MATTER IN ACADEMIC WRITING

FOURTH EDITION by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein. Copyright (c) 2018, 2017, 2014,2010, 2009, 2006, by W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Used by permission of W.W. Norton& Company, Inc.

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