Implementing Territorial/Spatial
Planning Systems & Strengthening
Local Capacities to Achieve SDGs &NUA
Ministry of National Development Planning/
National Development Planning Agency
Presented at World Urban Forum 10:
The World’s Premier Conference on Cities
Abu Dhabi, 8 – 13 February, 2020

SPATIAL PLANNING & REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY• 1992, policy to accelerate economic
growth in potentially fast growth
region (Kawasan Andalan)• 1993, policy to promote developmentin eastern region (Kawasan TimurIndonesia)• 1996, policy to develop integrated
economic development Zone (KAPET).
There are 13 KAPET (12 KAPET arelocated in the Eastern region).
• 1999, Decentralization and regional
autonomy with fiscal transfer from
central government to provincial andlocal government.
• 2009, the development of special
economic zone (SEZ) focusing on theeconomic potential of the region.

2

REGIONAL DISPARITY
Approximately 57% of Indonesia's populationis concentrated in Java

Java Island has the highest population, 56.56%
of the total population of Indonesia, whileother regions have a very low population(<10%) except Sumatra Island

Economic activity is highly concentrated inJavaSource: Badan Pusat Statistik(2018)• Java Island Economic Contribution to National
GDP 58.48%, Share of Jabodetabek GDP toNational GDP 20.85%.
• Economic Growth in Western Indonesia 5.41%,
higher than 4.94% in Eastern Indonesia

3Regional GDP Share 1993-2018
Kalimantan &Sulawesi
1993: 13.42%
2018: 14.41%

Maluku &Papua
1993: 2.04%
2018: 2.47%

Java & Sumatera
1993: 81.81%
2018: 80.06%
Bali & Nusa
Tenggara
1993: 2.73%
2018: 3.05%

4

Williamson Index as Indicator of Regional Disparity
Williamson Index 34 Provinces
1.000.90• Williamson Index
close to 0 indicateshigh equality andclose to 1 indicateshigh inequality.
• Despite ofestablishment of aseries of regional
economic policies
and planning, theregional economic
disparity remain
high.

0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10

IndeksWilliamson
Williamson
Index

IndeksWilliamson
Rata-Rata
Williamson
Index (average)

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

0.00

5

Disparity of Regional GDP per Capita (Rupiah)
Regional GDP per capita 2018 (Rupiah)
300,000,000
250,000,000
200,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000

Papua

Papua Barat

Maluku Utara

MalukuSulawesi Barat

Gorontalo

Sulawesi Tenggara

Sulawesi Selatan

Sulawesi Tengah

Sulawesi Utara

Kalimantan Utara

Kalimantan Timur

Kalimantan Selatan

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Barat

Nusa Tenggara…

Nusa Tenggara…

BaliBanten

Jawa TimurDI Yogyakarta

Jawa Tengah

Jawa Barat

DKI Jakarta

Kepulauan Riau

Lampung

Bengkulu

Sumatera Selatan

JambiRiau

Sumatera Barat

Sumatera Utara

Aceh0Kep. Bangka…

50,000,000• Regional per capita GDP of Jakarta is 5 times of the national per capita GDP.
• Jakarta is economic epicentrum of Indonesia (a national hub of financial, industrial and trade).
• Jakarta is also center of the central government activities (policy and fiscal).
6

Indonesia: The Urbanizing Archipelago
Indonesia is the 4th most populous country
China(SUPAS 2015)

1433.783686

India

255.1million

1366.417754

US

329.064917

Indonesia

270.625568
0500

70.8 year

Population
Life Expectancy

318.9 million
75.5 year

13.3 million Senior Citizen (65+) 44.9 million
1000

1500

2000

百万•
•••

2045

2015

53.1%

Urban Population

67.1%

Today, more than half (55%) of Indonesia’s population live in urban areas
In 2045 Indonesia’s population will increase by 63.8 million from 2015, and 67,1% will live in cities
Without serious intervention, most of Indonesia’s population will live in Java (currently 56.56%)
Almost all areas in Java will be urbanized leaving fertile Java with no area for food production.
7

Urbanization: Issues and Opportunities
Population
GrowthEconomic
GrowthChina

East Asia and Pacific*

Indonesia*Except China and Indonesia
60

16,0005030

8,000

4030

8,00020In China 1% increaseof urban population,
per capita GDP
increase by 3%

104,000102016

0201102006

2016

2011

2006

2001

01996

08,000202001

4,000
10304,000

1996

2012,000
40In EAP 1% increaseof urban population,
per capita GDP
increase by 2.7%00201640

50
12,0002011

12,00016,000

2006

50

60

2001

16,000

1996

60

Shortages of access to basic services
such as health, education and basic
infrastructures such as piped water,
sanitation, and housing contributesignificantly to urban issues

Basic
InfrastIn Indonesia 1%
increase of urban
population, per capita
GDP increase by 1.4%With this idea, we have to be careful in developing urban
areas so that sources of deadweight from urban
development can be identified and anticipated
Sources: World Urbanization Prospects (2018)

BasicServices

Inclusive Urbanization is Priority
Ensuring all citizen have good access tobasic services and basic infrastructure8

Regional Development Priorities
2020-2024

9

Metropolitan Development and Nation’s Capital City
Relocation Plan in RPJMN 2020-2024• Currently most metropolitan areas are in Java. We
plan to develop metropolitan areas outside JavaIsland.
• Our current priorities are metropolitan areas inPalembang in Sumatera, Denpasar in Bali,Banjarmasin in Kalimantan, and Makassar inSulawesi.

• President Joko Widodo has taken a very important
decision to relocate the capital city to EastKalimantan.
• This decision is in line with the concept to integrate
the development of Java with other large islands inIndonesia, especially Kalimantan, the center Island ofIndonesia.
10Integrating SDGs and NUA in Indonesia

SDGs:

Universal;
Integration; No
One Left Behind

NUA:
Equality – Leave
No One Behind:
Sustainable andInclusive;
Environmental
Sustainability

11Vision 2045: Sustainable Urban Development• Currently we are in the process ofdeveloping Government Regulation on
Urbanization where National Urban
Policy is one of the attachment

Vision:Toward Urban
Sustainability 2045
Balanced, Just, andProsperity-Inducing
National Urban System

02

03

04

Liveable,Inclusive &Cultured

Advanced,Vibrant, &Prosperous

Green &Resilient

01

Transparent &Accountable Urban
Governance05• 2045 Vision is Sustainable Urban
Development with five missions:• A balance, just, and prosperity
inducing national urban system;• Liveable, inclusive, and civilized
cities;• Advanced, vibrant, andprosperous cities;• Green and resilient cities;• Transparent and accountableurban governance that takes into
account digital transformation
12Implementation Framework for
Sustainable Urban Development
SpatialDimension

Implementation Framework
Social“Inclusive”

Regulation: NSPC*,
Integrated Planning

NUP
global-localEconomy“Competitive”

Environment“Green”

Urban Basic Services(Water, Sanitation, Energy, Transport, Housing)
Basic Services(SPM – Education, Healthcare, Social, etc.)

Other Services(Waste Management, etc.)

Institutional:
management, law
enforcement

Application ofSmart City
concept for
efficientdevelopment
implementation

Financing: planningbudgeting-financing
integration*norms, standards, procedures, criteria

13Implementation Framework for Improving the Planning
Process
Overall Development Strategy Inputs((including RTRW and other strategicstudies)

City Vision

National Urban
Policy andMetropolitan
Statistical Area
as inputs for
RPJMN +TKPPN

Municipal Spatial
Development
Infrastructure(MSDI)
RDTR + Strategic
Area Framework(SAF)

CapitalInvestment
Planning
National
Government

Data andInformation

RTRW+ Spatial Development
Framework (SDF)

RPJMD
Regional Development Plan

Integration withNational Big
Data Platform(One DataIndonesia -- Satu
Data Indonesia)
including: SSN,SPBE, One Map
PolicyDevelopment
Control

RKPD (Regional Annual Workplan)

National Government + Local Government + Development Partners

14

Sustainable Cities Index:

Monitoring & Evaluation Instrument

National
Urban Policy

Government
Regulation on
Urbanization
Management,planning,procedure,execution,
financing,monitoring,evaluation

Policy,Program,Activities,Indicators,
Outputs

RPJMN 2020-2024
RPJMN 2025-2029
RPJMN 2030-2034…2045

SDGs indicators areused both in national
and local level
Targets

SustainableCities Index(IKB)
Monitoring &Evaluation
Instrument

IndicatorsSustainable Cities Index tomonitor and evaluate all cities sothat special intervention can beformulated for cities with different
type and achievement

15

Thank you
perkim@bappenas.go.id

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