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Timescales of magmatic evolution in crustal magma chambers constrained
from U-series radioactive disequilibria: A brief review
Takeshi KURITANI

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A< F!GH Kuritani, +333 ; Kuritani et al., ,**/I!

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F!GH Campbell and Turner, +321 ; Jellinek and Kerr,/d z{5|} J:

+333 ; Kaneko and Koyaguchi, ,*** ; Kerr and Tait, +32/ ;"O! -".P. D

Tait and Jaupart, +323 ; Turner et al., +320I! *<-h

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0. 1234

Oi5,6O7L%PO9qB gA<ef c: -jS k l8m.OnB<=od efZLOU  B *< ¡./d z{5|} ¢pS g: F!GH Hess, +31, ; McBirney,G ?7L£ O¤S¥¦B<§V ef+33/ ; Shirley, +321 ; Simura and Ozawa, ,**0I!

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¯[<d<d°%defo\] def±^
Institute for Geothermal Sciences, Graduate Schoolof Science, Kyoto University, Noguchibaru, Beppu,
Oita 21.ῌ*3*-, Japan ¨²] : ª32*ῌ2/12 ³´«_`¬abµ¶·ab 0ῌcd<d<d°%defode¸Present address : Department of Earth and Planetary
Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku
University, Aoba 0ῌ-, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi
32*ῌ2/12, Japan.
e-mail : kuritani@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
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72

¼
9 @" rs ij: )\; t,-*Th/,-,Thu ,-*Th  ,-,Th,-,Th)u 

,-*

>?

Th 

,-,

.Mi

/: t(,-*Th/

 .Mi QQM)\

Th; t %v01O@ e]l,-*Th · t  * 2w:#$

0 !" 67%8- ,-*Th  ,-2U

%xy:@Q%j  3 #$=ln,/l Mi
Q3z9{|C!

%BHB}~k 67 4

5"67R 89 ; ,-2 U-,-*Th/0aY ,-* Th#$i )\#$% 1 : /;&Miq  + :&.* :&< BHB C
D/-Q%MO Q  =>@?

67klmEmmMi  ,-*Th- ,,0Ra/0 g` @ R 67klmE 3+**Fig. +. Schematic illustration of a magma chamber,showing the inferred mechanisms of magmatic
processes. Schematic temperature proﬁle is also
shown.

2*** &<9

BHB}~k 6745$%-Q%Mi  Q 4 ,,0Ra-,+*Pb AF,-,

Th-,,2Ra A@L>8> +** &4h}~k/-Q%MO @" {|C!  BA>8 R@ )\; Bourdon et al.

, 



,ῌ+ 
,-2(,**-) @L:O CDM {|C!  BA >8\ BCDE}~kU

%FEA@L  (,**/) U ,-/U  ,-,Th      

    ! "#$%&/0 12%

.

3

#$

 0 45,ῌ,  !"#$%&

BHBF(G BHB%L '*H.I>

#$'()  *+,-&q 

67%89 :; <   3=lN ; l :  N : >?9 %

K-

J8-5M)8K>Mi/  qGGL:BHB%
M>N !: O P¡8!MK: R
BHBF(G BHB%Q¢RS:6£+:@ 3 A9 : : BCDEFG 

W¤C}¥CHZ R  *'*@lmkMiV*.BHB IJK@LM & _ ¦£ Q¢R &'TQ%MO ;



 %

NOPQR   A 2% :

#$  0 !" 67 S T
A 2U#V*- QM Q

BHB K67 §:8-q 1O@¨% (UQ%MO

W AUQ Q  Rb-Sr !F Sm-Nd !V ©I0#(XYZ $%:&'([*Q%MO

ª«~C%¬ Q­&' W% {|C!

)\; ,-2 U- ,-* Th 7

&]/0 3^_%*`-9aY  b[2cd-e+gR  Q e" l,-*Th *  U  Th

j- 3nBA%

©I0ª«~C

ῌ,-*Th῏ ῌ ,-2U ῏ῌ,-*Th῏
῍,-, ῐ=῍,-, ῐ3+]e ]l,-*Th · t9f῍,-, ῐ e ]l,-*Th · t῎ Thῑ ῎ Thῑ
῎ Thῑ* hO



,-*

Th

®$

$XR

O

(Alle
◊gre, +302 ; Kigoshi, +301) ): ,-2U- ,-*Th !

YeZ (Fig. ,) ¯- T=*" BHB 3°±9²ED]IJ7

U/Th. [%³@IJ (A B C) %J­:- _ BHB '*@´µ+,hMD¥{¶(+)

PO@q (,-*Th/,-,Th) .Kp· (,-2U

/,-, Th) .

o%: ©I\Z¯-'*%PO6,i

BHB \)]^5_¸ (A* B* C*) 

Th  ,-2U- ,-*Th ! 67klmEM

¹ D¥{¶ .e (+) º67K-,-,o@pq reference :%

% `M U/Th . ,-*Th#$ mm)Ac-d*&[·¸ursrG ""wZ¹º»"f3¼¹

73

rG ""1w 3 .H }L"@v~}rsr"

~ 3ILB

 Stl8J E<3 ._3 |(Hawkesworth et al., ,**.) t  *U0-lE

n 0*oH$%&'()0B  K"i* }L"@v~ S3Lwx>qE=  (T9 R" MHNO ,-2U-,-*Th A3 ,-* Th-,,0Ra A*P&,-*

Th A"H$%&'()|J"Q-ln.L

6JE||L ,-2 U-J ,,0 Ra 

6BtlR 2 S-l]

Th-Ra

*d77 3

.RUV

9

L

 3

45
T2

9<kZ

  (Turner et al., ,**-a) _"-. L (TFig. ,. A U-Th equiline diagram, showing the evolution of a mineral/whole-rock isochron. See
text for details.

9)"$W xenocryst [rsr?tlWXY"ZJ| n L \*#l t *U+" rsr?tl|J[\"]^)"ZJ A  l  UVW")"_`R'  aS 3.b*b



3TJ   Tt  At,(Charlier and Zellmer, ,*** ; Turner et al., ,**-a) _+!e!l,-*Th · t "  #$J"_3|J )Ac-d"H$%&'(

Bt, Ct   ,"-.

%&'()*+ "12345

/0" 0



  equi-line 66,-2U7/6,-*Th7+7 389 

) rsrG "*wZ  S
tlJ e f" fS3 T

 g* H[* M  h

6$%&'() :3 equiline "; 6<=%9 4i5*j k T%¡)N Z¢>7 *?@7S ,-*Th- ,,0Ra AB C D*ERa

 Ra 3 F"G* Ba * reference 3

H$%&'()

IJ K Ra 3 Ba "L!MN"


!O""P *#$ Q%& J" R

'S 6(T9 Condomines et al., ,**-7
E UVW") *U+"
-

0.+

Z9

,-2

U- Th A[,-*,,0

Th- RaA \"H$%&'()*/&  ] UVW"*
U0*^_3 `1a2S  bcJ"H$%&'()0
C3+.

\456J

 Ar-Ar 3[*U0[d7

6JS|  £| gH* M  ¤lm"9nD No*pq"¥rS  _"3¦3#\§ & UVW")*L 0"Q%B  Condomines et al.

(,**-) s pt3J " ¨t"Su/0,XY,-* lm*U0ef©J*ªv w,ῌ- ΐῒῌ῍῏῎ῐῑ῕῔

E3E3«¬Sf rsr" U/Th ,  ­J|"
2-fx" /0,Xiy-".
©=>q J"rsr

3®`1$%&'()*+," "2  6{W$%&'(

8g"*U039hi":jR;

0"z/&_3<kZ  (Condomines, +331 ; Jicha et al., ,**/ ;)7 Btl (Fig. ,)   E3E3"«¬ rsr

Volpe and Hammond, +33+) "R *U0-l<¯ U/Th ,rsr A* B* C*O°   Tt u|  At Bt Ct(Black et al., +332 ; Cooper et al., ,**+ ; Heath et al., +332 ;3  } rsr" U/Th ," T2 rsr"

8mn

0*oE"=p<kZ

Volpe, +33,) _"-. >q J"i* rs*U+±Sf >q ~²3*U0"z&

r?tluL"@vS3wx_3

_3

a2Sl (T9rsr?tl.u)" *U0"z }{W$%&'()0~  }rsr"*U0~ 3"AB[rsr"Cy2"1w  zD E<+F³ 6U/Th ," T+"rsr"«¬´ T2*F{ 6(T9 Cooper et al., ,**+7

"7|  rsµ¶_3[ N"

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74






¼

 

 

 ! "#$%&
'() *%*+,$ -./ U/
Th 01234 56& 789

1& ): ;<* ./ =%6 ><? U-Th  @U!"A  *

$BC

.%&''

DE=C=

(Kuritani et al., submitted)) F#()* G"H

=$ IJ+0,K-1&'
 @'(LKuno, +30/ ; Philpotts et al., +330 ; M.7% +32+A N K-3OP1&Q/)
'0RST1RSU V W2".%&X3 %V*& ) .%&4(YZ

Fig. -. A U-Th equiline diagram, illustrating the principle to obtain a model age. See text for details.

$  [\[5F]6Z[\[789^_`aOP1& U/Th 

,

0

(Villemant and Fléhoc, +323) b :; `aO

1[\[^_d.E=

P1& Ra/Th  0 (Evans, +333)9`a ( Th/ Th)d d @A) F B} lK-1&<=%6 N&6 3%&]' xy" MNVt" zO=

,-*

.g

(,-*Th/,-,Th),-,.gZ (,-*Th/,-,Th)  (,-*Th/,-,Th)p 

%&=>3*'?cd),ῌ. ῍ῌ῎ῐ῏* 1[\[ +,ef `? .E=%6[\[@0 gU<;h=*"G6 A 0[\[ @xy"[\[A V@`%&E] %t.E

Aid$ Bj [\[5F]6jC

3$B}Br,ad) a

Dk3@0* E0[\[ @0[\[A 0

s JB0[\[ @1[\[AF.El*"G&[\[\-@0*q_ jW'¡¢ U/Th $7890*  0 ?mnHoAI"' +[\[,$N `? ;<$: ) N '(L0{( @A)  q_[\[ pl*q_$ J2 0[\[Br, @ U- Th s q_$
,-2

,-*

Th/ Th A $ 

,-*

,-,

0[\[ l/Kl* @tF] L 0u
vw$ A xy" MNVtzO=[\[ Br,9*%a{(,-*Th/,-,Th  0%6

,-*

( Th/

(,-2U/,-,Th) $1[\[,-,

N&9*%a (+)(,-*Th/,-,Th) Th)d  ( Th/ Th)*  ( Th/,-,Th)p &G
,-*

,-,

,-*

*i `] Br, 0d
gU @0 gU<;hA )  " 'a$ 1[\[+,as JB0

K-1&%?

0*gU<;h>3d p|Y&

t =;£"¤Z¥0£"b¦§cd

(Bourdon et al., +33. ; Widom et al., +33,)) FB}~') F h d' Bj.E$xy

A * 3l*zO=[\[ %& >"[\[$B}Br,Vt?¨3t

3V|Y& (Condomines et al., +322)) ©c ªe«f3d`? ¬'$g­1

'(L

,-2

U-,-*Th sZh%&PQ& `?' ®h iZ¯ª'(Fig. -) d) VR ;<*S T

UV'<[h @AWX)  ¨3$ <[hZ¥0£"°C
'] 16[\[ jY±²³´B}'`a [h$Br,9*?kµ¶·F&) *%* l¸5aV

U/Th $ [\[ @A Y-1& ?q<[h Br,9 `?¹1_{() [h%6Z [\[ e[ & %t$ ©cV®hm @'(L

,-*

Th

##79[Z&L (Turner

Elliott et al., +331 ; Kessel et al., ,**/ ; Yokoyama et al.,

et al., ,**+) Z6Zxy"[\[ \-V

,**-A) F jY*[\[[h%6 ¤d)  l%&]'e+ N ±²³´º?*Br,´ EJ`aµb¶·+ 5>KL"#"$ %&'()* ¸J¹ º»/¼T¹

75 (Iwamori, +33. ; McKenzie,+32/ ; Spiegelman and Elliott, +33-) ,ῌ/ 

 !"#"$ %&'()*+,-.
12 34+, 05678/0

9 :;*+<0 =>?-@AB CDEF/:;*GH/+I0 67 @+/ (Blake and Rogers, ,**/ ;Rogers et al., ,**. ; Vigier et al., +333)



,-*

Th- Ra JKL.
,,0 P"#"/0 Fig. .

MN+O0(,,0Ra/,-*Th) + , /0 Q 

BR + F  ST"#"/UV"#" 9 W
X/0O0 YZ !" [\] Ra IY#@A^5_Ra

12+$`05\]a678(,,0Ra/,-*Th) cde/ SN

b
C

F.C.

DEFW ee fg 67! @ Ra

12

@ S%cV : & +0** 'W hi(\



] jk

,,0

Ra Y67lbmnA)2

Fig. .. A schematic (,,0Ra/,-*Th) ῌ F (the mass ofremaining magma relative to the initial mass ofmagma) diagram, in which possible fractionation
curves are shown. Filled circle indicates aparental magma, and ﬁlled squares represent
observed lava compositions. A model curve forthe observed compositions is schematically shownwith a broken line. A fractionation curve indicated with F.C. is for the case of instantaneous
fractional crystallization.

00n  "#"  UV (,,0Ra/,-*Th)  1*o (p+) +q [ 67! @+}7e/LZ fg N .

12 @hi\] Ra

O05?-;)t CDEF "#"M

12+$`05CDEFqr5_ "#" 

nbN 9"#" %&+K0  

+,0 ( Ra/ Th) @scd0 Qe

@A5%&KLO9"#"  "#"M

 e -.+/ 0 ?-;)tua

nbN &+K0  :;*GH

Ra

,,0

,-*

0]67!1+e/v S

f

PAy8 x7]Qg N 23W
e .w456 Q [ x7-  

y8+9z :;*+0 > {|R  ST2/0]5 I i}7: 678

fg ;~JJ"#"$ %&'()*+Uf

:;*+0 > <= e/+ n Widom et al. (+33,)  >?/ @9^b/b A$
ZB0LAg 00 "#"Pb C9b eA

@9Sr NdC>

DEv\]a =>"#"/5 (,,0 Ra/,-* Th) +a>@9
D0()'ab (Yokoyama et al., ,**0) Q
12+, 0567:;*+H0>@9D+me/ (Yokoyama et al., ,**0) Q(,,0 Ra/,-* Th) ^Q

D

Sao Miguel C¡¢C SVz: *.0ῌ*.1 km-W  £WP"#" S¤*¡¥¦XBW   S!67: 1, wt.ῌW & 3

Y' %&+ 05e/+  :;*'Z+
5.J05 P"#"["#"+\

BFe/G a\]>@9

Azores : !67 + %&§5+¨67!]pa© /ª/ Q  2«+*¬0 y¬+ / Bourdon et al. (+33.) F¢­

Laacher See >®

 phonolite S& / km W  C¯:;*'-

Z+

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76

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LwxUxWrJ fg"? hJy 678& La Palma   9:*

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N º¹º»"2L H ©¨ Nz(HVwW Wr21U xJD+
XY K  
Z [\]^J21NJyz _`;{a2b: 6SBa|0 +*- <+*/ HK/  VBc}d!~"JXeL !"7LJ
XY  -  fK)*2g"(1Jh :i- Dj
 opJCuv fg"? GHIhJ

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