W. J. Marner1This paper presents a history of the ASME Heat Transfer Division (HTD) over the past
75 years. The foundations, birth, growth, and maturation of the division are addressed.
An overview of honors and awards is presented and selected developments and trends
are discussed. Noteworthy events and workshops, including the 50th anniversary celebration, are considered in some detail. The growing trend toward internationalization isaddressed through several conferences and initiatives. Publications, with a focus on the
Journal of Heat Transfer, are addressed. The Heat Transfer Division story is told throughthe contributions and dedicated service of the men and women of the division. The paper
concludes with some thoughts about the future. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4023546]
Keywords: heat transfer, Heat Transfer Division, history, honors and awards, conferences, internationalization, publications

1

Introduction

In 2013, the ASME HTD celebrates its 75th anniversary. Much
has changed over the past 75 years. The ability to make calculations
moved from slide rules to hand held calculators to main frame computers to desktop and laptop computers. Communications changed
from telegrams and primitive landline telephones to cellular devices. With the advent of the internet our ability to communicate
around the world has become easier, quicker, and less expensive;
however, the writing of letters and memos has largely become alost art. And so from its birth in 1938 to the present, the HTD haschanged in the past 75 years. This paper captures some of thosechanges and memories of the past. This version of the HTD is not arepeat of the Layton and Lienhard [1] history; rather, it is a perspective of the division over the past 75 years through a different pair oflenses, revisiting some highlights of the first 50 years with the addition of some details, but with a greater focus on the past 35 years or
so. Many individuals have helped make the HTD one of the strongest divisions in all of ASME; regrettably, many deserving contributors are not included here, not because their work isn’t important,but simply because of space limitations.
A history of the division cannot be written without an acknowledgement and appreciation of the significant contributions of John
Lienhard IV (Fig. 1), not just for his technical and academic workin two phase flow, boiling, and other areas, but for his efforts inhistory. Starting in 1951, he worked as an engineer and educatorand has been active in history since the 1970s. For several years
he hosted “The Engines of Our Ingenuity,” a daily essay on creativity produced by KUHF-FM in Houston and heard nationally on
Public Radio. He then captured his “reflections on the nature oftechnology, culture, human inventiveness, and the history of engineering” in The Engines of Our Ingenuity published in the year
2000 [2]. John is also a knowledgeable, delightful, and giftedspeaker, and he has received several awards in recognition of his
many contributions.

2became ASME’s first president. Thurston was an educator who firstworked in the machine shop at his father’s steam engine manufacturing company, the first of its kind in the United States. He later
served as the first president of Stevens Institute of Technology andfor 18 years as the first director of the Sibley College at Cornell
University. At Cornell, he created a college of engineering withemphasis on scientific classroom work and more laboratory testing.
So, from its very beginnings, ASME was involved with processes,
i.e., the production of steam, where heat transfer is important.
In the late 1890s and early 1990s it was clear that Europe—England, France, and Germany—especially the Germans, had considerable interest and expertise in heat transfer. In 1900, Max Planck, atheoretical physicist and father of quantum mechanics, postulated
that electromagnetic energy could only be a multiple of an elementary unit, E ¼ h. Ludwig Prandtl in 1904 created the concept ofthe boundary layer. In 1915, Wilhelm Nusselt proposed the dimensionless groups now known as the principal parameters in the similarity theory of heat transfer. The Hungarian Theodore vonKarman, an aerodynamicist who also did important work in convective heat transfer, studied under Prandtl at the University of Göttingen and in 1912, accepted a position as director of the
Aeronautical Institute at RWTH Aachen, one of the country’s leading universities. Max Jakob, a German physicist born in 1879,
made major contributions toward understanding steam at high pressure, measuring thermal conductivity, and the mechanisms of boiling and condensation. Finally, Ernst R. G. Eckert, who was born in
Prague, Austria-Hungary in 1904, carried out research dealing withrocket and jet engine science at the Aeronautical Research Institutein Braunschweig.

Foundations

ASME was founded in 1880 by Alexander L. Holley, Henry R.
Worthington, John E. Sweet and others in response to numerous
steam boiler pressure vessel failures, and Robert Thurston (Fig. 2)
1
Corresponding author.
Manuscript received October 15, 2012; final manuscript received January 06,
2013; published online May 16, 2013. Guest Editor: Leslie Phinney.

Journal of Heat Transfer

C 2013 by ASME
Copyright V

Fig. 1

John Lienhard IV

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Adjunct Professor
Fellow ASME
Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering Department,
University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095
e-mail: marner@ucla.edu

75 Years of Progress: A Historyof the ASME Heat Transfer
Division

Robert Thurston

Fig. 3

Allan P. ColburnFig. 4

Fig. 5

By the early 1900s the U.S. had the world’s largest chemicalindustry with a strong concentration in the Mid-Atlantic region.
The Delaware Valley city of Wilmington, alone, had Atlas Powder
Company, Hercules Powder Company, and E. I. duPont de Nemours & Company (duPont). Therefore, it is not surprising that theChemical Engineering Department at the University of Delaware
developed a strong program in process engineering and heat andmass transfer. In 1936, Allan P. Colburn (Fig. 3) published a paperin the 1933 AIChE Transactions introducing the “Colburn analogy”
and the heat transfer “j-factor.” Colburn blended theory and practice, which included mathematically sophisticated design solutions.
Colburn’s first Ph.D. graduate in 1947 was James Westwater whojoined the faculty at the University of Illinois specializing in heattransfer with change of phase. From 1947 to 1963, the ChE Department at Delaware carried out a comprehensive research program onshell-side fluid flow and heat transfer in shell-and-tube heatexchangers under Olaf Bergelin and Colburn. The project started
under ASME sponsorship using funds from several organizations
including Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA),
American Petroleum Institute (API), DuPont, Exxon, and others.
Kenneth Bell, who later spent most of his career at Oklahoma State
University, played a key role in this project.
However, in Germany major problems were coming to the fore.
When Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in January
1933, his anti-Semitic Nazi regime immediately began the purgeof Jewish professionals, resulting in the loss of some of its best scientific talent including fluid and heat transfer specialists. Theodore
von Karman (Fig. 4), who was Jewish, accepted an invitation fromthe California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to an appointment
as professor and head of the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory(GALCIT). He had a reputation of being a bit of a character who
loved to tell risqué jokes, and he had a habit of turning off his hearing aid whenever he became bored with discussions in meetings.
But, von Karman was also a critical thinker and under his leadership, up to and during World War II, Koppes [3] wrote:
The GALCIT group made fundamental breakthroughs in thetheoretical and applied aspects of both solid- and liquid-rocketry.

061001-2 / Vol. 135, JUNE 2013

Theodore von Karman

William McAdams (left) and L. M. K. Boelter (right)

These advances played an important role in converting rocketry fromscience fiction into respectable science and engineering. Moreover,
GALCIT researchers could plausibly claim that they—not Robert
Goddard or the German V-2 experimenters—laid the foundation forthe development of American rocket and missile technology.

GALCIT was reorganized, expanded, and renamed the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in February 1944 and was operated for
the Army Ordnance Corps with von Karman as JPL’s first laboratory director. He also played a major role in the development of
jet assisted takeoff (JATO) and in the founding of Aerojet Corporation. Von Karman left Caltech/JPL in December 1944 to organize the Air Force’s Scientific Advisory Board, and JPL went on to
become a member of NASA and the nation’s premier organization
for unmanned exploration of the solar system.
As discussed by Layton and Lienhard [1] there were—at therisk of oversimplification—two different approaches to heat transfer in the U.S. in the early 1930s. On the “East Coast” engineeringneeds were driven primarily by the process industries mentioned
above. On the “West Coast” a younger faculty at Berkeley andStanford (and later at UCLA) was developing a more analytic
approach based on the German literature. Eckert [4] authored ahistory of heat transfer in conjunction with ASME’s 100th anniversary and described the situation this way:
A vigorous activity developed in the United States … two names
stand out among the early scholars in this development: William H.
McAdams (Fig. 5, left) of MIT is the author of the book Heat
Transmission which first appeared in 1933. In this book McAdams
collected, screened, and correlated the available information on heattransfer processes, supplemented it by his own research, andpresented through three editions an up-to-date, concise, and unified
picture of the state-of-the-art. He created a standard text which
served the heat transfer community as a reference book throughmany years. Llewellyn M. K. Boelter (Fig. 5, right) started researchin heat transfer in 1930 at the University of California, Berkeley. He
had the gift of attracting talented students and implanting in theminterest and love for engineering research.

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Fig. 2

Nu ¼ 0:023 Re0:8 Pr0:4(1)

2.1 Heat Transfer at MIT. At the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (MIT), both the Director of the Heat Measurement
Laboratory, Gordon B. Wilkes, and the laboratory itself, previously in the Physics Department, were moved to Mechanical Engineering in 1934. In 1946, Warren Rohsenow (Fig. 6) came to
MIT and Professor Wilkes invited him to carry out research in thelaboratory. Ten years later Rohsenow took over direction of thelaboratory and its name was changed to the Heat Transfer Laboratory, a better description of the work being done in the lab at thattime. Laboratory activity increased when funding became more
readily available after World War II. In 1956, John A. Clark (wholater moved to the University of Michigan) and Peter Griffith
joined the faculty. Boris Mikic, Arthur Bergles, and Leon Glicksman joined the faculty in the sixties, and, thus, the groundwork
was laid for heat transfer at MIT to become one of the outstanding
programs in the U.S. In 1992, the laboratory was upgraded byJohn Lienhard V, now a senior member of the faculty, andrenamed the Rohsenow Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory [6].
Rohsenow’s fundamental and applied research touched nearly allmodes of heat transfer. His teaching emphasized fundamentals
and practice-oriented problems. In the end, heat transfer excellence at MIT had transferred from chemical engineering to mechanical engineering: from McAdams to Rohsenow.
2.2 Heat Transfer at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT),
Purdue, and Minnesota. But heat transfer activity was not restricted to just the East and West Coasts, Kezios [7]. ASME
invited Max Jakob (Fig. 7) to the 1935 Winter Annual Meeting
and arranged for guest lectures at Princeton, Harvard, MIT, University of Illinois, IIT, Caltech, University of California at Berkeley (UC Berkeley), and others. One of the objectives of thesevisits was to introduce Jakob to a variety of schools for the

Fig. 6 Warren Rohsenow

Journal of Heat Transfer

Fig. 7

Max Jakob

purpose of obtaining a faculty position. Ultimately, Jakob
accepted a professorship at IIT which allowed him to serve as
director of armour research as well. He quickly established himself as a leading heat transfer figure in the U.S. and authored twoclassics: Heat Transfer, volumes 1 & 2 [8,9]. One of his first students was Stoethe P. (Scotty) Kezios, who carried out his doctoral
work under Jakob. Kezios later became one of his faculty colleagues, and completed Jakob’s volume 2 after his death. Clearly,
Jakob had a major influence on Kezios who became chair of theHeat Transfer Division in 1958–59, the first technical editor of the
ASME Journal of Heat Transfer in 1963, and ASME’s 96th president in 1977–78.
George A. Hawkins of Purdue University, was sent to Illinois
by Dean of Engineering Andrey A. Potter (ASME’s 52nd president in 1933–34), to learn more about the fundamentals of heattransfer. Jakob’s presentation impressed Hawkins a great deal,
and he ultimately drove from the Purdue Campus in West Lafayette, IN (a roundtrip of 448 km) twice a week to attend Jakob’s
graduate lectures in heat transfer at IIT during the 1937–38 academic year. Hawkins later earned his Ph.D. at Purdue, becamedean of engineering, and supervised Richard J. Grosh’s doctoral
studies in radiation heat transfer. Grosh later became head of
mechanical engineering, then dean of engineering at Purdue,
which led to the hiring of Peter McFadden, William Cottingham,
Raymond Viskanta, David DeWitt, Frank Incropera, and later
additions such as Jay Gore and Suresh Garimella, Webb [10]. Viskanta quickly established himself as one of the premier researchers in radiative heat transfer, while Incropera and DeWitt went on
to coauthor Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (now in its
7th edition, written by Bergman et al.), one of the most widelyused undergraduate heat transfer texts [11]. Collectively, thisgroup built Purdue’s heat transfer program into one of the best in
the country. And for good measure, Boelter, Eckert, and Jakob all
served as visiting professors at Purdue over a period of many
years.
After leaving the Aeronautical Research Institute in Braunschweig, Germany, Ernst Eckert (Fig. 8) came to the U.S. with anumber of other Germans via Operation Paperclip and began jet
propulsion research in 1945 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
While there, Robert Drake, Jr. helped Eckert translate his firstbook Introduction to the Transfer of Heat and Mass [12] from
German to English. Drake, coauthored Eckert’s two later books[13,14]. After a nationwide search Eckert joined the Departmentof Mechanical Engineering at the University of Minnesota in
1951. Over his career Eckert published more than 550 scientificpapers and books, and the Eckert number in convective heattransfer was named after him. Following its founding at Minnesota in 1950, the Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Laboratory(THTL) under the leadership of Eckert, and with the seminal contributions of E. M. (Eph) Sparrow (Fig. 9), Warren Ibele, Richard
Goldstein, and others, the THTL quickly established a national
and international reputation and has remained at the forefront ofheat transfer research and graduate education to this day. Many ofthe luminaries of the heat transfer community including James
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Although McAdams was the focal point for heat transfer in the
ChE Department at MIT, he also had support from other facultysuch as Thomas B. Drew, who received acclaim for the first systematic use of heat, mass, and momentum transfer fundamentals
in industrial applications McAdams’s book [5] ultimately sold
50,000 copies over three editions, which even by today’s standards is phenomenal for a technical book.
In contrast, on the West Coast good use was made of the German literature. Boelter began his long career in teaching with his
appointment as instructor in electrical engineering at Berkeley in1919, but moved to mechanical engineering in 1923. He built theheat transfer program at Berkeley with a core faculty of Floyd
Cherry, Harold Johnson, and later Robert Martinelli. In 1932,“Heat Transfer Notes” by Boelter, Cherry, and Johnson was published for the students at Berkeley. Although there were discussions about which of the two approaches was best, they are
actually quite complementary, and today we use both. Ironically,
Boelter is best known in some quarters for the well-known empirical Dittus–Boelter correlation

Fig. 8 1982 Photograph, left to right: Michael Ohadi (Universityof Maryland), Ernst Eckert and Richard Goldstein (University of
Minnesota), and John Lloyd (Michigan State University). Ohadi,
Goldstein, and Lloyd were Minnesota Ph.D.s.

heat transfer. Tragically, his life was cut short due to illness. Richard Buckius, who worked under Tien and spent most of his careerat the University of Illinois, commented at Professor Tien’s memorial service on his inspirational style, “He was forever asking, ‘Any
new ideas?’ and telling us to ‘Go to extremes’, … he’d also say‘You need to dream of your research while you sleep!’”
In Engines of Our Ingenuity 957, John Lienhard paid a tributeto one of his special teachers at Berkeley. Here, in part, is what
John had to say about Ralph Seban who had a distinguished career
and was a recipient of the 50th Anniversary Award:
Ralph Seban, was the smartest and most feared faculty member at
Berkeley when I was a student there. Seban was a rude, arrogant, anddeeply caring person. … Seban hungered for intellectual
companionship. In his almost desperate impatience he tore visiting
seminar speakers apart. In the classroom, details were your problem.
You could correct the plus and minus signs. He simply sketchedideas from his encyclopedic memory. You had to go read the details
in the journals. What Seban did was to mold students into worthy
adversaries. He lured them into debates which, it seemed, they could
not win. Then, one day, something remarkable happened. You foundthat, when you fully engaged your own mind, you could stay withhim. And he would hold you there until you collapsed fromexhaustion. Seban’s students left Berkeley—left those marathons—with a deep-seated confidence. If Berkeley had used teacher ratings,
he would’ve flunked. Yet he was, without doubt, one of the mosteffective teachers I’ve known.

Fig. 9E. M. Sparrow

Hartnett, Thomas Irvine, Terry Simon, Suhas Patankar, Frank
Kulacki, and Jane Davidson are, or have been, associated with thelaboratory.
2.3 UC Berkeley Heat Transfer. After Boelter left Berkeley,mechanical engineering continued its way to a premier heat transfer program with faculty members such as Robert Drake, Jr., Warren Giedt, Ralph Seban, Virgil Schrock, Ralph Greif, Chang-Lin
Tien (Fig. 10), Van Carey, Arun Majumdar, and others. Tien, theyoungest engineering faculty member at Berkeley, later became
department chair, dean, and chancellor of the university. He
advised many doctoral students and was extremely active in the
HTD. Although small in stature, he projected a “tall shadow” atBerkeley and was universally admired and loved. Among his manytechnical interests, he became engaged in micro- and nanoscale
061001-4 / Vol. 135, JUNE 2013

2.4 Boelter and UCLA Heat Transfer. In 1944, Boelter
became dean at UCLA, started the School of Engineering, andplayed a major role in laying a foundation for heat transfer excellence. Along with Herbert Nottage, who wrote an early history of
the HTD [15], and Myron Tribus, the faculty grew to include Donald K. Edwards (radiation heat transfer), V. E. Denny (transport
processes), Anthony Mills (heat and mass transfer), Ivan Catton(natural convection and nuclear energy), Vijay Dhir (boiling heattransfer and two-phase flow), and Adrienne Lavine (convective
heat transfer, manufacturing processes).
Tribus, a most interesting personality and creative thinker,
came from the Boelter mold at UCLA. After leaving UCLA, heworked as a design-development officer at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio and received the Alfred Noble Prize for his work developing a thermal ice protection system for aircraft. As Dean of
Dartmouth College’s Thayer School of Engineering, he led thefaculty in developing a new curriculum based on engineering
design and entrepreneurship. Tribus saw hands-on engineering
design as being essential at all levels of the curriculum. He coined
the word, “Thermoeconomics,” and also served as director of theCenter for Advanced Engineering Study at MIT.
Boelter believed in a general approach to engineering educationand did not like the idea of separate departments, so the program
became known as the School of Engineering and Applied Science(SEAS). Faculty members with expertise in one discipline were
expected to teach courses outside their primary areas. However,after he retired, the school eventually abolished this approach andformed traditional engineering departments. At the June 1966,
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Fig. 10 Chang-Lin Tien

UCLA commencement exercises, the University of California
conferred on him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. Dean Boelter’s qualities as a teacher and a man were perhaps best describedin 1963 by a group of colleagues and former students in the preface to the Boelter Anniversary Volume on Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics and Education [16], which stated in part:

Vijay Dhir served as chair of the Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering (MAE) Department at UCLA from 1994–2000. In
2003 he was appointed the sixth dean of SEAS, and under his
leadership both the size and stature of the school have grown significantly. I think Dean Boelter would be very pleased with thechanges in engineering at UCLA over the past 10 years.
2.5 Stanford Heat Transfer. In the summer of 1938, Louis
London (Fig. 11) worked on a master’s thesis at Berkeley on cooling
towers that resulted in a paper with W. E. Mason and Boelter, at an
ASME meeting in San Francisco in 1939. Later, when London was
at Stanford and Ralph Seban at Santa Clara University, they had
many discussions on heat exchanger design, that led to an unpublished 1942 paper dealing with the e-NTU method. However, the paper was not published until 1980 [17]. Today, the e-NTU method isroutinely covered in introductory courses in heat transfer. The firstserious attempt to obtain heat transfer and friction factor data forcompact heat exchangers began at the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships in1944 for a gas turbine recuperator/regenerator. This work continued
at Stanford for the next 24 years, until 1971. The classic Compact
Heat Exchangers by William Kays and London came out of thatwork, and is now in its 3rd edition [18]. Over his many years on thefaculty at Stanford, London had quite a “red ink” reputation. In the
preface of Shah et al. [19], Kays wrote:
My principal recollection of that period was continually writing
reports for ONR, reports that were widely distributed throughout thecountry, and I think this series of reports was what originally put uson the map. English composition had always been one of my weak
points, but here is where Lou was a teacher par excellence. I would
lay out the report and write a draft, and then turn it over to Lou. A
few days later he would call me in and we would sit down to go overit. Red ink everywhere! Not a single sentence was left untouched. It
was agony, but it was a great learning experience, and one for which
I will always be indebted to Lou.

Fig. 11

Journal of Heat Transfer

Louis London

2.6 University of Michigan Heat Transfer. In the 1950s
Edward Vincent gained international recognition for his heat transfer work in gas turbine rotor disks. Under Mechanical Engineering
Department Chairman Gordon Van Wylen’s leadership, the department established expertise in space technology as a key player incryogenic research. A solar energy laboratory was developed in1973 under John Clark. Other important faculty members included
Vedat Arpaci, Herman Mertz, Wen-Jei Yang, Gerard Faeth, Michael Chen, and Massoud Kaviany. In the Chemical Engineering
Department Donald Katz, Edwin Young, and Stuart Churchillwere also involved in heat transfer activities. The two departments
thus provided breadth as well as depth in heat transfer at Michigan.

3

Birth, Growth, and Maturation of the Division

The Heat Transfer Professional Group within the Process Industries Division took root at the 1938 ASME Summer Meeting. However, the actual formation of the Heat Transfer Division as anindependent division did not occur until three years later. The firstchairman of the professional group in 1938 was J. H. Sengstaken,
and the first chairman of the Heat Transfer Division, in 1941, wasE. D. Grimison. However, for historical purposes 1938 is generally
considered to be the official beginning of the division. The chairmen during the first 15 years included Thomas Drew, L. M. K.
Boelter, Hosmer Norris, Allan Colburn, George Hawkins, andAlfred Mueller. If several of those names sound like chemical engineers you would be correct. The AIChE Heat Transfer and Energy
Conversion Division and the ASME HTD worked very closely during those initial years and the partnership continued over the next50þ years. The chairs for the Heat Transfer Division over the past
75 years, shown in Table 1, include many familiar names. It should
be recalled that serving as chair was not just a grueling 1-year
assignment, but one had to serve for several years on the executive
committee prior to the year as chair, followed by the obligatory
year as past chair. But most people who served as chair, on reflection, will say it was more than worth the effort.
3.1 HTD Programs and Initiatives. Through the years the
HTD explored and implemented many ways to expand its programs and reach both academic and practicing members of the division. The HTD had an exhibits committee, and conference
exhibits were held at the National Heat Transfer Conferences(NHTCs) from 1988 through 1992. Although the exhibits brokeeven or made a small profit, they were never as successful as thedivision leadership or ASME had hoped; however, the book
exhibits sponsored by the publishing companies were always wellreceived. Technical content in the form of “Technical Briefs” wasintroduced in the division newsletter in 1993 and continued for a
few years. This feature was copied by a number of divisions. The
division introduced poster sessions as a way to promote and facilitate discussions between authors and participants, especially thoseindividuals who were interested in specific papers. Panel discussion sessions were initiated in an attempt to bring in more industrial participants for whom publications were frequently not an
option, for proprietary reasons. In 1992, the division introduced
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It has been written elsewhere that L. M. K. Boelter is known for his
integrity, imagination, and vision. We, his colleagues and students,
have seen this side of the man. His way of teaching by precept andexample has made us feel that these virtues are the requisites for a
successful career, and we have grown so accustomed to them as
Boelter’s traits that we have taken them for granted. The other sideof the man, seen only by his associates, has endeared him to us. We
refer to his compassion, his way of treading softly to avoid hurtingeven those who have fought against his ideas, and his willingness tosacrifice himself and his health for the sake of others. These
common characteristics must be recorded here for the benefit ofthose who, less fortunate than we, could not be touched by them
directly. We treasure these qualities, for they give life its meaning.

Kays and London became lifelong friends and Kays went on toa distinguished career at Stanford where he served as department
head and dean. He wrote Convective Heat and Mass Transfer,
joining with Michael Crawford and Bernhard Weigand in the latest edition [20]. Ramesh Shah, another of London’s students, andLondon offered a very popular short course on compact heatexchangers. They later published the review article, “Laminar
Flow Forced Convection in Ducts” [21] that stands as the mostcomprehensive resource for classical forced convection in ducts.
Another student, Robert Moffat, became well known for his experimental heat transfer research and his short courses on experimental methods. London was active in the ASME Gas Turbine
Heat Transfer Division for many years.

Table 1
J. H. Sengstaken
T. B. Drew
T. B. Drew
E. D. Grimison
T. B. Drew
L. M. K. Boelter
W. W. Patterson
L. M. K. Boelter
R. H. Norris
C. F. Kayan
A. P. Colburn
L. B. Schueler
G. A. Hawkins
G. L. Truve
A. C. Mueller
P. R. Trumpler
H. B. Nottage
H. B. Nottage
M. Tribus
S. Kopp
S. P. Kezios
W. E. Hammond
H. A. Johnson
W. M. Rohsenow
K. A. Gardner
J. F. Wachunas

1964–1965
1965–1966
1966–1967
1967–1968
1968–1969
1969–1970
1970–1971
1971–1972
1972–1973
1973–1974
1974–1975
1975–1976
1976–1977
1977–1978
1978–1979
1979–1980
1980–1981
1981–1982
1982–1983
1983–1984
1984–1985
1985–1986
1986–1987
1987–1988
1988–1989
1989–1990

J. A. Clark
P. T. Vickers
S. Ostrach
S. Levy
T. F. Irvine, Jr.
S. J. GreenR. A. Seban
W. H. Cook
F. Landis
L. H. Back
R. J. Goldstein
R. W. Graham
V. E. Schrock
E. Fried
F. W. Schmidt
R. L. Webb
C.-L. Tien
A. F. Rathbun
A. E. Bergles
R. J. Simoneau
C. J. Cremers
R. K. ShahJ. R. Lloyd
F. A. Kulacki
J. M. Chenoweth
K. T. Yang

1990–1991
1991–1992
1992–1993
1993–1994
1994–1995
1995–1996
1996–1997
1997–1998
1998–1999
1999–2000
2000–2001
2001–2002
2002–2003
2003–2004
2004–2005
2005–2006
2006–2007
2007–2008
2008–20092009–20102010–20112011–20122012–20132013–2014

W. J. Marner
J. R. Welty
J. B. Kitto, Jr.
R. Greif
R. O. Buckius
S. M. ChoO. A. Plumb
G. P. Peterson
W. Fiveland
R. Nelson, Jr.
L. C. Witte
J. H. Kim
Y. Jaluria
Y. Bayazitoglu
R. D. Skocypec
M. K. Jensen
R. W. Douglass
T. W. Tong
C. H. Oh
V. P. Carey
L. A. Gritzo
J. F. Klausner
R. E. Hogan
S. A. Sherif

Heat Transfer—Recent Contents, a monthly publication consistingof the title pages of relevant heat transfer journals. Although thisinitiative was financially successful, the advent of the Internet andother search options essentially obsoleted this approach.
3.2 National Laboratories. One of Boelter’s undergraduate
students at Berkeley was Frank Kreith who followed him to
UCLA to pursue a master’s degree which he received in 1945.
Kreith then worked at JPL for four years where he had the opportunity to collaborate with Theodore von Karman. He later
accepted a faculty position at the University of Colorado, but wasnever fully comfortable as an academician because of his interestsin the application of “real world” technology. The Solar Energy
Research Institute (SERI) was established by Public Law 93-473,
The Solar Energy Research Development and Demonstration Act
of 1974, and began operation on July 5, 1977 in Golden, CO. The
Solar Heat Division was the first branch established and Kreith
was appointed as its director. Heat transfer played a central role in
the R&D activities of the division and its staff members publishedmany pertinent articles in the literature. The SERI mission
included 10 programs, of which four were under the managementof the Heat Division: Solar Industrial Process Heat, Active Solar
Heating and Cooling, Solar Energy Thermal Storage, and Ocean
Energy Systems. One of the highlights of the first year of operation of the Solar Thermal Heat Branch was President Jimmy Carter’s visit to SERI on Sunday, May 3, 1978. President Carter (Fig.
12) is shown observing the two-axis tracking solar dish. Kreith isa strong proponent of sustainable energy, especially solar and nuclear energy, and remains active in this field.
Representatives from the National Laboratories have been active
in and strong supporters of the Heat Transfer Division for many
years. Names that come to mind include Hans Poppendiek, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory; Robert Deissler, Robert Siegel, Robert
Graham, and Robert Simoneau of Lewis Research Center; Manohar
Sohal and Chang Oh, of the Idaho National Energy and Environmental Laboratory; Robert Lyczkowski and Thomas Rabas,
Argonne National Laboratory, Russell Skocypec and Leslie Phinneyof Sandia National Laboratories; Ralph Nelson and Rodney Douglass of Los Alamos National Laboratory; and Lloyd Back of JPL.
3.3 Women in Heat Transfer. Yildiz Bayazitoglu initiatedthis group by inviting Deborah Kaminski and Adrienne Lavine tolunch at the Rice University Faculty Club during the 1988 National
061001-6 / Vol. 135, JUNE 2013

Fig. 12 President Carter viewing the two-axis tracking solar
dish at SERI on Sunday, May 3, 1978. Left to right: Frank Kreith,
Solar Energy Division; President Jimmy Carter; and SERI President Paul Rappaport.

Heat Transfer Conference in Houston. Since then, the informalgroup has grown and luncheons are regularly scheduled at ASME
meetings and other conferences (Fig. 13). The luncheon meetings
are primarily social. This venue gives the women an opportunity tovisit, share their experiences, discuss their concerns, and encourage
each other. A topic of major interest and discussion through theyears has been that of balancing the work environment while having children and raising a family. Leslie Phinney [22] of Sandia
National Laboratories shared her thoughts regarding the luncheons:
The Women in Heat Transfer luncheons are an event that I havelooked forward to at ASME conferences since I was a graduate
student. Women get together for an informal lunch at Summer Heat
Transfer Conferences and ASME IMECEs. The senior women arevery welcoming and inclusive to more junior colleagues. The
lunches are wonderful opportunities to meet and maintain contact
with colleagues from a variety of institutions and backgrounds. As
my career progressed, my appreciation for these luncheons deepened
upon learning from women colleagues in other research areas thatsuch events are not a part of the conferences that they attend.

This fun and enjoyable support group includes a university
president, deans, and department chairs as well as faculty members engaged in teaching and research.
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1938–1939
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1944–1945
1945–1946
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1947–1948
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1950–1951
1951–1952
1952–1953
1953–1954
1954–1955
1955–1956
1956–1957
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1958–1959
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1961–1962
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1963–1964

Chairs of the ASME Heat Transfer Division3.4 Society Leadership. The HTD has had a long and impressive record of leadership within the division from its inception. However, the division has also provided a strong contingentof leadership for the entire society going back at least to the1970s. L. S. Fletcher (Texas A&M), Nancy Fitzroy (General Electric), S. P. Kezios (Georgia Tech), Richard Goldstein (Universityof Minnesota), and Arthur Bergles (RPI) all served as ASME presidents, the highest volunteer position in the society. Gad Hetsroni(Technion Israel), James Welty (Oregon State), Jack Lloyd (Michigan State), Yogi Goswami (University of Florida), J. B. Kitto,(Babcock & Wilcox), and Robert Simoneau (Lewis Research Center) all served on the Board of Governors (BOG), and Webb
Marner (JPL/UCLA) served on the BOG twice, once as a governor and more recently as the society’s 2008–2012 secretary andtreasurer. Fitzroy, Fletcher, Goldstein, Goswami, Kitto, Lloyd,
and Simoneau also served as senior vice presidents. Each of these
individuals made unique contributions to the society, Heat Transfer Division, and engineering profession.
3.5 Current Status. From a single professional group in
1938, the division has grown significantly. There are currently 13
technical committees and several administrative committees
including the Executive Committee. As of September 2012, theprimary membership of the division was 3,892 (including 562 students), with a secondary membership of 3,771 (including 42 students). A total of 14,345 ASME members have designated heattransfer as one of their top five technical divisions. The division istaking on a more international character; for example, at the 2012
National Heat Transfer Conference in Puerto Rico the participants
represented 37 different countries.

4

Honors and Awards

The division sponsors a number of awards and participates inseveral society awards; however, space limitations permit only abrief background and a partial description of them. The awards
are administered through the seven-person Honors and Awards
Committee.
Heat Transfer Memorial Award. Herb Nottage of UCLA
served two terms as HTD chair in the fifties: 1954–55 and
1955–56. During his term of office he “urged a serious effort toprepare and maintain a Heat Transfer History.” He also wrote,“Continuity and leadership in the spirit-entity of Heat Transfer
calls for discerning judgment in recognizing the lasting values ofcreative contributions thereto” [15]. Soon thereafter Myron Tribus
and Sigmund Kopp, who served as HTD chairs immediately after
Nottage, led the award-creation effort.
Journal of Heat Transfer

The original concept was to have a Heat Transfer Division Memorial Award to recognize excellence in literature and creative
activities. The original concept included two parts: (a) An award
to recipients to recognize excellence in reference literature andcreative activities, and (b) a memorial booklet to memorialize
those who had given generously and effectively of themselves tobenefit the division. It was decided that the memorial award could
be given in two categories: Art and Science. Later a third Generalcategory was added. The award was initially a division award
which also called for the establishment of a custodian fund to support the award. The first award was given in 1961 to N. Zuber andother early recipients of the award included Eph Sparrow, Louis
London, and Ralph Seban. It was elevated to a society level award
in 1974, and an annuity to provide support for the awards was
eventually established through division funding. Today, it “isbestowed on individuals who have made outstanding contributions
to the field of heat transfer through teaching, research, practiceand design, or a combination of such activities.” One award may
be given annually in each of the award categories.
Max Jakob Memorial Award. Internationally, the Jakob
Award is the most prestigious of all the heat transfer awards
and is a society award. It is administered by a joint ASME-AIChE
Committee: the chair plus three representatives fromboth societies. The award is bestowed in recognition of eminentachievement of distinguished service in the area of heat transfer.
It is made annually without regard to society affiliation or nationality. The award was established by the HTD in 1961 in honorof Max Jakob, who passed away in 1955, commemorating hisoutstanding contributions as a researcher, educator, and author.
From 1961 through 1964, the first four recipients of the award
were Eckert, Boelter, McAdams, and Ernst Schmidt from
Germany. Of the 50-award recipients, the majority have gone to
U.S. citizens; however, the Jakob Award has also been presented
to representatives from Germany, United Kingdom, USSR, Japan,
Switzerland, Russia, and China. The past two recipients were Ivan
Catton, UCLA, and Amir Faghri of the University of Connecticut.
Best Conference Paper Award. The third award establishedby the original committee was the Best Conference Paper Awardfor each National Heat Transfer Conference.
Yeram S. Touloukian Award. This society award was established in 1997 and is bestowed triennially to recognize outstanding technical contributions in the field of thermophysicalproperties. Funding for the award was provided by Purdue University to honor the contributions of Yeram Touloukian. The first recipient was Akira Nagashima in 2000.
Bergles–Rohsenow Young Investigator Award in Heat
Transfer. This society award is given to a young engineer who is
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Fig. 13 Women in Heat Transfer luncheon at November 2004 IMECE in Anaheim, CA. Left toright: Laura Schafer, Jennifer Lukes, Leslie Phinney, guest, Zhou Chenn, Ann Anderson, Debbie
Kaminski, Christina Amon, Yildiz Bayazitoglu, Obdulia Ley, and Pam Norris.

5

Selected Developments and Trends

With the many division and committee activities, it is impossible to present even a cursory overview of the past 75 years. However, a few selected highlights including recent trends are
summarized here.
5.1 Computational Heat Transfer. In the early 1960s when
mainframe computers became available, there was an explosion in
the amount of work done in numerical solutions. The computer
allowed previously intractable problems to be revisited. Investigators of that era will remember the required stack of IBM cards andthe challenge to get as many runs during a day as possible. Someof the earliest and best work was done by Stuart Churchill (andhis students at the University of Michigan). He later moved to the
University of Pennsylvania. Much of that work was focused onnatural convection. In the early work, investigators wrote theirown finite difference programs; later, more generic codes were
written. Issues of stability and especially convergence wereaddressed on an ad hoc basis. Other names that come to mind in
this area include Suhas Patankar (Minnesota), Brian Spalding (Imperial College of London), Richard Pletcher (Iowa State), Graham
de Vahl Davis (University of New South Wales), and Yogesh
Jaluria (Rutgers). Of course, many others were involved.
5.2 Radiation Heat Transfer. Over the history of the HTD,
radiation heat transfer research moved from methods to aid in thedesign of industrial furnaces to space applications and solar
energy. The search goes on for the most efficient numerical techniques to handle multimode heat transfer where radiation is a significant contributor. All of these continue to drive active research,
but recently, much research has centered on microscale and nanoscale effects. Key contributors to the radiative heat transfer activities within ASME include Hoyt Hottel, Jack Howell, Donald
Edwards, Robert Siegel, Eph Sparrow, Raymond Viskanta, Michael Modest, Chang-Lin Tien, Richard Buckius, Yildiz Bayazitoglu, Pinar Mengüç, and Alfred Crosbie.
5.3 Heat Transfer Equipment. The Heat Transfer Equipment Committee is one of the few committees where there has
been strong industrial participation. This committee focuses onapplications where heat transfer equipment is an essential component and provides a strong link between heat transfer art and science. Relevant topics include enhanced heat transfer, fouling,
compact heat exchangers, heat transfer equipment in the power andprocess industries, and flow maldistribution. Alfred Mueller was an
early participant, and Ramesh Shah (Harrison Radiator), John B.
061001-8 / Vol. 135, JUNE 2013

(Bucky) Kitto (Babcock & Wilcox), and James Chenoweth (HeatTransfer Research, Inc. (HTRI)) were mainstays of the committee
for many years. Kitto was also very active in ASME, serving at one
time as vice president of Region V (and in many other capacities),and is coeditor of B&W’s classic Steam: Its Generation and Use[23]. James Welty (Oregon State) and Wen-Jei Yang (Michigan)were two academicians who participated on a regular basis. Laterparticipants also included James Robertson (UK), Michael Jensen,
Zahid Ayub, Raj Manglik, and Larry Swanson.
HTRI was organized in 1962 as a for-profit, industrially owned
consortium by users, designers, and manufacturers of heat transfer
equipment to promote systematic, application-oriented research in
the field of heat transfer. The company was originally located at
C. F. Braun & Company in Alhambra, California. Jerry Taborek
was the first technical director and the driving force in the company for over 20 years. James Chenoweth, a member of the HTRI
staff, was very active in the ASME Heat Transfer Equipment
Committee and served as 1988–89 HTD chair. Joseph Palen andStanley Kistler were for many years key techical resources in thefirm. HTRI—a very active participant in the ASME-AlChE
National Heat Transfer Conferences for many years—is now
located in College Station, Texas with about 1500 corporate member sites in 62 countries.
5.4 Microchannels and Minichannels. One of the major
paradigm shifts within the HTD during the last decade relates tomicroscale and nanoscale heat transport. At the Grenoble International Heat Transfer Conference, a few researchers including Gian
Piero Celata (Italy), Peter Stephan (Germany), Stephane Collin(France), and Masahiro Kawaji (then in Canada), and Satish Kandlikar (Rochester Institute of Technology) discussed their new findings on single-phase flow in microchannels. It became apparent that
there was much more to learn. Y. Guo’s keynote lecture asserted
that advanced experimental techniques were needed to accurately
understand microscale transport. It was enthusiastically agreed thatan international conference on this subject should be pursued. Thevery next year, the First International Conference on Microchannels
and Minichannels was hosted in Rochester, NY. It became a meeting ground for researchers worldwide. Later, under the ASME umbrella, nanochannels were added to the conference theme. The
conference was hosted in Rochester (twice), Toronto, Ireland, Mexico, Germany and Korea. The HTD and ASME Fluids Engineering
Division came forward in 2009 to host the conference in alternate
years. It went to Canada in 2010 and 2011, and then to Puerto Ricoin 2012. As a direct outcome of the conference, more than 2000
technical papers have been presented, many of them published laterin technical journals.
5.5 Enhanced Heat Transfer. The subject of enhanced heattransfer has reached a significant level of stature within the divisionand the heat transfer community. This development is due primarily
to the efforts of Arthur Bergles and Ralph Webb (Fig. 14). Bergles
was the pioneer in this area and when Webb moved from the Trane
Company, where he had gained a wealth of practical experience inapplied heat transfer, to Penn State he pursued this topic with vigor.
Bergles and Webb developed a popular course in enhanced heattransfer, which began about 1975, through ASME and the HTD.
Many sessions on this subject were conducted through the years,
and they always generated considerable interest. Webb initiatedand became the first editor of the Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, and also wrote the well-regarded Principles of Enhanced Heat
Transfer [24]. A festschrift for Bergles was held at Georgia Tech in1996 [25]. Allan Kraus, who did a lot of work in extended surfaces,
an important enhancement technique, coauthored the well-known
Kern and Kraus [26].
5.6 Micro- and Nanoscale Heat Transfer. Due to the importance of future energy solutions and other emerging needs,
thermal engineering research has been growing, as evidenced byTransactions of the ASME

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under 36 years of age, received a Ph.D. or equivalent, and who
has demonstrated the potential to make significant contributions
to the field of heat transfer. It was established by the HTD in
2003, and the award was funded through the efforts of Art Bergles
and Warren Rohsenow, both well-known for their heat transfer
research and mentoring of young researchers. The first recipient
was Srinath V. Ekkad in 2004.
Division Awards. The Heat Transfer Division DistinguishedService Award was established in 1981 to recognize distinguished service to the HTD with Bob Graham of NASA Lewis as
the first recipient. It is perhaps surprising that this award has been
bestowed only a few times, given the number of individuals who
have provided outstanding service to the division. The Warren
M. Roshenow Award is sponsored by the Gas Turbine Heat
Transfer Committee. The Clock Award is sponsored by the Heat
Transfer in Electronic Equipment Committee and the Electronic& Photonic Packaging Division. The Undergraduate ResearchAward is sponsored by the Education Committee. The divisionalso sponsors a Best Paper Award, Best Poster Presentation
Award, Classic Paper Award, and Undergraduate Research &Design Award.

University and Zhang, was held in May 2012 in Japan. This is amultidisciplinary field, coupled strongly with recent advances inphotonics and metamaterials.

Arthur Bergles (left) and Ralph Webb (right)

the increase in participants and presentations at recent heat transfer conferences. One of the most active research areas in thermal
engineering is micro/nanoscale heat transfer. For example, thebiannual international conference series on microscale and nanoscale heat and mass transfer (MNHMT) has been held three times
with an attendance exceeding 300 each time. Many advocates andresearchers have become involved with micro- and nanotechnology, but none has made a greater impact than Arun Majumdar.
The situation was quite different back in the early 1990s, whensome rather pessimistic viewpoints existed on the future of heattransfer research, from “heat transfer is a mature research area” to“heat transfer is dying.” This changed as a result of a forum at the
1992 IMECE in Anaheim organized by Yildiz Bayazitoglu of
Rice University and G. P. (Bud) Peterson, then with the Texas
A&M University, on “Fundamental Issues in Small Scale Heat
Transfer.” Along with several other distinguished speakers, C.-L.
Tien gave a talk on the challenges and opportunities in microscaleheat transfer.
At the 2002 IMECE in New Orleans, the Heat Transfer Educational Committee sponsored a panel session on “Teaching NanoMicro Heat Transfer.” Five panelists shared their educational
experiences including Van Carey (Berkeley), Gang Chen (MIT),Ken Goodson (Stanford), Arun Majumdar (Berkeley), and Zhuomin Zhang (then at Florida). Several new textbooks have been
published since then, and many universities now offer courses in
micro/nanoscale heat transfer and energy transport. Recently, a
new Committee on Nanoscale Thermal Transport was establishedwithin the HTD to coordinate and promote interaction and activities in the micro/nanoscale heat transfer areas. It is expected thatthe field of micro/nanoscale thermal transport and thermophysics
will continue to develop and play a key role in energy technologies for many years to come.
An important sub-area that had received less attention than its
counterparts, until recently, is nanoscale thermal radiation andradiative properties of nanostructures. Due to its importance inharvesting solar energy, this sub-area has grown rapidly in thepast decade. Two mini-symposia were held at the 2005 and 2006
IMECEs organized by Zhuomin Zhang (Georgia Tech) and Pinar
Mengüç (then at the University of Kentucky), and a special issue
was published in the January 2007 issue of the Journal of Heat
Transfer. The First International Workshop on Nano-Micro Thermal Radiation, co-chaired by Shigenao Maruyama of Tohoku

Fig. 15

Journal of Heat Transfer

5.8 The Constructal Law. The science of heat transfer
expanded in new directions, most vigorously in constructal theory
and design. The constructal law was first stated in 1997 by Bejan[28], where he formulated the volume-point heat flow problem,
which unveils an evolving tree-shaped architecture (Fig. 15) thatis entirely deterministic. The constructal law is a law of physics
that unifies science (physics, biology, engineering, and social sciences), and places the concepts of life, design and evolution inphysics:“For a finite-size flow system to persist in time (to live), its configuration must evolve in such a way that provides easier access to thecurrents that flow through it.”

The constructal law field is expanding rapidly. In September
2012, the entry “constructal” on ISI revealed 6,000 total citations,and 2,000 articles and books on Google Scholar.

6

Noteworthy Events and Workshops

The HTD was involved in conferences even before the division
was formed through participation in ASME annual meetings.
Upon its formation, the HTD moved quickly to initiate the
National Heat Transfer Conference with strong participation from
AIChE. Soon after, the International Heat Transfer Conference(see Sec. 7) was begun, and the division has actively participatedin many national and international conferences through the years.
6.1 AIChE-ASME National Heat Transfer Conference(NHTC). By 1938, the society had developed a tradition of conducting two technical meetings each year: a spring or summer
meeting and a winter meeting. That year the ASME held the
National Spring Meeting in Los Angeles, the first national meeting held in the far west in many years. One of the 25 technicalConstructal invasion of a conducting tree into a conducting body

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Fig. 14

5.7 Thermal Sciences. Science is an evolutionary design inwhich what we know—what is true and what works—becomes
simpler, more accessible, and easier to teach. The merger of
mechanics with caloric theory into thermodynamics in the 1800s
was not the end of this morphing by simplification and replacement. The caloric line continues to this day as thermometry, calorimetry and heat transfer. Although the first two wereincorporated unchanged into thermodynamics, heat transfer developed into a self-standing discipline, with a major impact onapplied mathematics, fluid mechanics and aerodynamics. Still, its
proper place is in thermodynamics along with all the other caloric
teachings. Bejan predicted the merger of heat transfer with thermodynamics in the preface of his 1982 book [27], and his prediction came at least partially true in the two decades that followed.
Some heat transfer journals became journals of “thermal sciences”(heat transfer þ thermodynamics), and in many universities theheat transfer and thermodynamics courses were combined into asingle course on thermal sciences.

6.2 25th National Heat Transfer Conference, Houston,
TX. In 1988, the HTD celebrated its 50th anniversary with a variety of activities. There was a special edition of the Journal of Heat
Transfer, a convocation, several history sessions at the 25th
National Heat Transfer Conference, and a History of Heat Transfer: Essays in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the ASME Heat
Transfer Division edited by Edwin Layton, Jr., and John H. Lienhard [33]. This volume included the “History of the Heat Transfer
Division” [1] and several other papers. Elizabeth Jakob wrote a biography of her famous father, Max Jakob. Frank Kreith wrote
about L. M. K. Boelter “… as seen through the eyes of his
students.” E. R. G. Eckert authored, “Ernst Schmidt—As I
Remember Him” (Fig. 16) and K. C. Cheng and Tetsu Fujii
included a history of their own, “Review and Some Observationsof the Historical Development of Heat Transfer from Newton to
Eckert (1700–1960).”
July 26, 1988 was a typical hot, humid summer day in Houston;
however, in the early evening of the 26th, in the air-conditioned
comfort of the Hyatt Regency Hotel, a very special event took
place: the HTD’s 50th Anniversary Honors Convocation. The master of ceremonies was L. S Fletcher, a long-time member of the division and the ASME’s 104th president. ASME President Ernest
Daman was there to extend the society’s congratulations in his
opening remarks. James Chenoweth, the division chair, who always
took care of details, designed a 50th anniversary logo for theoccasion.
Chenoweth recognized the division’s past chairs with 24 of the
50 present (Fig. 17). Of the 50, several served more than one
061001-10 / Vol. 135, JUNE 2013

Fig. 16 Ernst Schmidt (left) and Ernst Eckert (right) taken at
Los Angeles International Airport

term. Thomas B. Drew served three terms: 1939–1943 and Herbert Nottage two terms: 1954–1956. Norris, Mueller, and Nottage
all played keys roles in the formation of the division. A total of 18
past chairs were deceased by 1988.
Fletcher presented the 50th Anniversary Awards to 23 of the 31
recipients who were present (Fig. 18). Of the 31 living recipients
only three were unable to attend. The citation read as follows:
On the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Heat Transfer
Division the Executive Committee of the Division recognizes themany members who by their contributions and service haveestablished the excellent stature that the Division has attained. In
particular the Committee, by the 50th Anniversary Award, cites fortheir special and distinguished contributions (31 individuals):

The individuals shown in Figs. 17 and 18 (note that there werequite a few past chairs who also received the 50th Anniversary
Awards) collectively have helped bring the Heat Transfer Division to its present stature. Individually, they have made uniqueand significant contributions to the division, ASME, and the engineering profession. It is simply impossible to adequately acknowledge the magnitude of their efforts in this short history. However,bits and pieces of their contributions are scattered throughout thishistory, and it is hoped that the reader will get at least a glimpseof their greatness.
After the recognition of the past chairs and the presentation of
the 50th Anniversary Awards, Past Chair Frank Kulacki madeSpecial Recognition Awards to Hemisphere Publishing Corporation and Scripta Technica, Inc. for their contributions to the HTD.
William Begell of Hemisphere (Fig. 19) and Frank Cerra of John
Wiley gratefully received the awards on behalf of their respective
organizations.
David Miller of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) then gave
an interesting and informative slide presentation on “A Review of
the Heat Transfer Division,” and the attendees shared the birthday
cake provided by AIChE. In the annals of the ASME Heat Transfer Division, the 50th Anniversary Convocation was certainly oneof the most impressive events of its history.
6.3 AIAA-ASME Thermophysics and Heat Transfer
Conference. This conference was begun in 1970s and is held every 4th year during the year when an IHTC is held. ASME participation in this conference was not as great as that for the NHTC
and became a casualty for several years, though one is plannedfor 2014.
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papers was presented by L. M. K. Boelter on “Heat Transfer
Research at University of California” [29].
By the mid-fifties, the technical divisions were being encouraged to hold summer meetings. At the 1955, Winter Annual Meeting, plans were made to hold a National Heat Transfer Conferencein August 1957 at Pennsylvania State University with George(Dusie) Dusinberre of Penn State in charge. AIChE wasapproached immediately, as were several other groups, for joint
participation in the conference. Arthur Rathbun, the HTD’s
1981–82 chairman, fresh out of school and working for Bettis
Atomic Power Laboratory, remembers participating in the first
conference (Kenneth Bell also attended) that was dedicated to
McAdams, marking his retirement from MIT. Rathbun recalls “…
the conference was headquartered in the Nittany Lion on the Penn
State campus. Participants slept in the student dorms and ate in thecafeteria. Sessions were held in various buildings across the Penn
State campus” [30]. It was agreed that AIChE would host theeven-numbered years and ASME the odd-numbered years, a pattern that lasted nearly 50 years. The chemical engineers brought diversity and a strong applications perspective to the conference,
especially through the process industries; non-Newtonian flow andheat transfer; fouling of heat transfer surfaces; and mass transfer.
Knudsen [31] discusses the first and early NHTCs as well as the organization of the AIChE Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion Division, with Alfred Mueller as the 1958 founding chairman.
In 1974, the AIChE established the Donald Q. Kern Award “inrecognition of expertise in a given field of heat transfer or energy
conversion without regard to society affiliation or nationality.”
The widespread use and understanding of the term “process heattransfer” dates back to the publication of Donald Kern’s 1950
book, Process Heat Transfer [32], which is still in print after 62
years! Kern was a member of both ASME and AIChE, a founderof the AIChE Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion Division, anda recipient of the ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award. The first
three recipients of the Kern Award were Charles Gilmour, who
spent most of his career with Union Carbide, Al Mueller of
duPont, and Jerry Taborek of HTRI. Several ASME members
including Arthur Bergles, Ralph Webb, and others have received
the award. Until the last few years, the presentation of the Kern
Award was a staple feature of the NHTC, along with presentationof the Jakob Award.

Fig. 18 Photograph of the 50th anniversary award recipients. Seated in the front row: R. H. Norris, E. M. Sparrow, R. W. Graham,J. S. Clark, V. E. Schrock, W. H. Giedt, and A. C. Mueller. Standing: S. P. Kezios, A. L. London, R. A. Seban, R. H. Sabersky, R. J.
Goldstein, C.-L. Tien, T. F. Irvine, Jr., S. Ostrach, E. R. G. Eckert, F. Landis, R. K. Shah, A. E. Bergles, J. P. Hartnett, L. H. Back, S.
Levy, and W. M. Rohsenow. Absent: E. Fried, F. W. Schmidt, and H. B. Nottage. Deceased: L. M. K. Boelter, A. P. Colburn, G. M.
Dusinberre, T. B. Drew, and K. A. Gardner. Photo by Bill Ashley.

6.4 Symposium on Thermophysical Properties. This symposium is a very important conference in which the HTD has
participated since 1959. The paper by Kezios [34] in 1999 andthe later paper by Haynes et al. [35] in 2002 provide excellent
histories of the conference. It was initiated at Purdue University
which, at the time, was home to the Thermophysical Properties
Research Center (TPRC) founded and managed by Y. S. Touloukian. The Committee on Thermophysical Properties (K-7)
has primary responsibility for the organization of this conference, while the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), previously known as the Bureau of Standards, provides
Journal of Heat Transfer

the institutional support and sponsorship of the event. This symposium has been held every three years since its inception withthe most recent being the 18th at the University of Colorado,
Boulder in July 2012. The Yeram S. Touloukian (Fig. 20) Awardwas established in 1988 to honor Touloukian’s contributions in
the field of thermophysical properties. In addition to Touloukian
and Kezios, key players in the symposium through the years
include Jan Sengers (University of Maryland), A. Cezairliyan(NBS), C. Y. Ho (Purdue), Mickey Haynes (NIST), and Richard
Jacobsen (INEEL) among others. About Jacobsen, Kezios wrote
in his 1999 article:
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Fig. 17 Photograph of Heat Transfer Division chairmen. Seated in front row: R. L. Webb, R. H. Norris, S. P. Kezios, R. W. Graham, J. A. Clark, V. E. Schrock, S. Levy, and A. C. Mueller. Standing: M. Tribus, J. R. Lloyd, J. M. Chenoweth, F. A. Kulacki, R. A.
Seban, R. J. Goldstein, C.-L. Tien, F. Landis, S. Ostrach, R. J. Simoneau, T. F. Irvine, Jr., A. S. Rathbun, Jr., R. K. Shah, A. E. Bergles, L. H. Back, and W. M. Rohsenow. Photo by Bill Ashley.

7Fig. 20 Y. S. Touloukian
Richard Jacobsen I must single out as a long-time associate, who iscommended for his constant demeanor of fairness and balance over
the years he chaired K-7. His skillful handling of a number of criticalsituations kept the K-7 Committee … and … its focus intact.

It is doubtful that anyone who has had the pleasure of working
with Jacobsen would disagree with Kezios’s generous assessment.
6.5 Workshops. The HTD and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have been closely intertwined since the Engineering Division, later the Directorate for Engineering, was formed over 40
years ago. Heat transfer research has been funded primarily throughthe Thermal Transport and Thermal Processing (TTTP) program,and a long series of “rotating” program directors have helped tosustain TTTP as a foundational partner with HTD. Included among
these distinguished icons and national leaders in engineeringresearch and education, were Eph Sparrow (Minnesota), G. P.
Peterson (now president of Georgia Tech), Jack Howell (Texas),
Richard Buckius (now vice president for research at Purdue),
Alfonso Ortega (now vice president for research at Villanova),
Timothy Tong (now president of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), and Theodore Bergman (now department head at Kansas).
Together, HTD and TTTP have striven to identify the frontiers of
research in transport phenomena.
Several major workshops have been conducted over the years,
providing venues for researchers, educators and policy-makers todebate and identify frontier challenges and associated opportunities in heat and mass transfer. For example, a 1991 workshop held
in Chicago and sponsored by NSF identified the critical technologies of the day: manufacturing, heat exchanger technology, materials processing, energy, aerospace technologies, environmental
issues, digital data processing, bioengineering and biotechnology,
061001-12 / Vol. 135, JUNE 2013

Internationalization of the Heat Transfer Division

7.1 International Heat Transfer Conference (IHTC). The
first IHTC was held in London, England in 1951. Ten years, latera second conference was held in Boulder, Colorado where the terminology “International Heat Transfer Conference” was firstused. The current four year cycle began with the 3rd IHTC held in
Chicago, Illinois in 1966 where the Assembly for International
Heat Transfer Conferences (AIHTC) was established to oversee
the IHTC.
The 3rd IHTC in Chicago was cosponsored by the Energy Conversion and Transport Division of AIChE (the host society) andthe HTD. James Westwater (Illinois) of AIChE served as chairman and Thomas Irvine, Jr. (SUNY) was secretary. D. Q. Kern,
A. D. Kraus, S. Levy, S. Ostrach, and S. P. Kezios were among
those who served on the committee. The Institute of MechanicalEngineers, UK, also was a major participant in the conference.
Special lectures were given by R. S. Silver (Scotland), S. Churchill (Michigan), S. Ostrach (Case Institute of Technology), and S.
S. Kutateladze (Academy of Sciences, USSR), along with 18 technical sessions on a broad variety of topics. Richard Goldstein(Minnesota), 1974–75 HTD chair and 115th ASME president in
1996–97, recalls attending a gathering during the 3rd IHTC in
Chicago at the home of James Hartnett (University of Illinois,
Chicago). He remembers that Warren Rohsenow (MIT) was there
and played the piano for everyone.
The 1978 IHTC was the first time poster sessions were used
extensively and that conference had a total of 36 keynote lectures
including Goldstein on measurement techniques, Geoff Hewitt(AERE, Harwell) on “Critical Heat Flux in Flow Boiling,” Arthur
Bergles (RPI) on “Enhancement of Heat Transfer,” and Ivan Catton(UCLA) on “Natural Convection in Enclosures.” The 2006 conference in Sydney, the first IHTC held in the southern hemisphere,
had 836 participants from 18 different countries. Seven discussion
panels were organized including one on heat transfer education inwhich Frank Kulacki (Minnesota) participated. Other IHTCs were
held in Tokyo (1974), Munich (1982), San Francisco (1986), Jerusalem (1990), Brighton (1994), Grenoble (2002), and Sydney(2006). The most recent one was the 14th held in Washington, DC,with more than 1,100 participants on hand, making it one of thelargest IHTC conferences ever held. There were 850 posters, 38
keynote lectures, and participants from 50 countries, about 13 from
Europe, 13 from North America, and 13 Asia/Australia. Avi
Bar-Cohen of Maryland (Fig. 21) is currently the AIHTC chair.
Poster sessions, along with the invited lectures, make for a very
nice format given that the participants are from many different
countries, making communication a challenge. This conference
should not only survive, but actually thrive in the future with a
global interest in heat transfer.
Transactions of the ASME

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Fig. 19 Past HTD Chair Frank Kulacki presents Special Recognition Award to William Begell of Hemisphere Publishing Corporation for his contributions to the HTD. Photo by Bill Ashley.

and nano- as well as microtechnology (which, when viewed in retrospect, received surprisingly little attention) [36]. A subsequentand larger NSF-sponsored workshop was held in 2007 at the University of Connecticut [37] with the top priorities being energy
systems, nanotechnology, heat transfer education, and biologicalsystems. A comparison of the 1991 and 2007 priorities demonstrates the heat transfer community’s impressive achievements
and remarkable versatility and adaptability. The 2007 Storrs
workshop also led to several broad-based suggestions including
the need to: (a) Carefully navigate the evolving terrain of globalization and university-industry-government interactions, (b)assume a leadership role to address the grand challenges facing
society [38], and (c) understand the physical coupling between
heat transfer phenomena at the smallest scales to the megascale inorder to tackle and solve challenges ranging from climate change
to safe and affordable water.
Through the years many other workshops have been held under
the auspices of NSF, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Naval
Research, and other governmental agencies.

Avram Bar-Cohen

7.2 ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Conference. The
First ASME-JSME (AJTEC) Conference was held at the Hawaiian
Regent Hotel in Honolulu, HI, March 20-24, 1983. The attractive
venue was chosen primarily as a convenient location between thetwo sponsoring countries. The HTD and the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers were joint sponsors with Wen-Jei Yang (Michigan) and Yasuo Mori (University of Tokyo) as co-chairmen.
Among the keynote speakers were Paul Marto (Naval Postgraduate School), Kenneth Torrance (Cornell), C. K. Law (Princeton),
Gerard Faeth (Penn State), Win Aung (NSF), and K. Nishikawa(Kyushu University). The conference was well attended with a
total of 71 technical sessions. Since that first conference, ASME
and JSME have developed a successful series of joint conferenceson thermal engineering at four-year intervals. Follow-on conferences in this series were held in Honolulu (1987); Reno, NV (1991);
Maui, HI (1995); San Diego, CA (1999); Hawaii Island, HI(2003); and Vancouver, Canada (2007). The 8th AJTEC wasagain held in Honolulu with key themes of "Fundamental" and"Interdisciplinary" with a vision for the future of thermal engineering. The Korean Mechanical Engineering Society (KSME)
will participate in the upcoming conference in 2015.
7.3 Collaboration Between the Former Soviet Union
Countries and the U.S. In 1961, engineers from the U.S., Soviet
Union, and Europe gathered in the Soviet Union for technical discussions, socialization, and the launch of collaboration efforts.
Key Soviet scientists were A. V. Luikov and S. S. Kutateladze
who represented the new generation of heat transfer leaders. They
began interactions with western leaders such as J. P. Hartnett,
T. F. Irvine, and E. R. G. Eckert of the U.S., A. J. Ede andD. B. Spalding of the UK, U. Grigull and K. Stephan of Germany,and E. A. Brun of France (see Figs. 22 and 23). Eventually, theInternational Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, the International
Heat Transfer Conference (IHTC), and the International Centerfor Heat and Mass Transfer were keys to bridging the East-Westscientific communities.
As a result of visits and communications, J. R. Lloyd of Michigan State University became part of a research team, led by S. P.
Malyshenko and Leontiev, focused on hydrogen energy storage.
Students from Moscow Power Engineering Institute came toMichigan State for extended stays and research.
Subsequently, under an NSF grant obtained by Lloyd, five final
year Ph.D. students and their faculty mentors were supported toattend the A. I. Leontiev School for Young Scientists and Specialists in Kaluga, Russia. Students came from Michigan State, Maryland, Minnesota, Georgia Tech, and Texas-Austin. Connections
were made with the students from Moscow who had visited Michigan State plus the top selected students from Russia. Today,
research collaboration between the U.S. and Russia is growing
rapidly. Some Russian scientists and engineers have now moved
to the U.S. Russian heat transfer scientists and engineers are beginning to take a role in the leadership of the HTD, as evidenced
by the appointment of Yaroslav Chudnovsky, now with Argonne
National Laboratory, to the HTD Executive Committee.
Journal of Heat Transfer

Fig. 22 Left to right: A. I. Leontiev, J. P. Hartnett, E. R. G. Eckert, unidentified, and C.-L. Tien at the 1994 International Heat
Transfer Conference in Brighton, EnglandFig. 23 Photo by A. I. Leontiev on red square. Left to right:
Natalia Medvitskaya, Brian Spalding, Thomas Irvine, Sandra
Irvine, James Hartnett, Jack Lloyd. Front: then, student Yaroslav Chudnovsky.

8

Publications

ASME was founded in 1880 and the Transactions of the ASME
were initiated that year as well. The early history of publications
by ASME was discussed in Lienhard and Layton [1]. They notedthat only eight heat transfer papers were published during the first
32 years of the Transactions of the ASME. After 1922, publications started to pick up; in particular, between 1941 and 1958 several classic papers such as
T. von Karman, “The Analogy between Fluid Friction and Heat
Transfer,” Vol. 61, 1939, pp. 705–711.
R. C. Martinelli, “Heat Transfer in Molten Metals,” Vol. 63,
1941, pp. 447–455.
K. A. Gardner, “Efficiency of Extended Surface,” Vol. 67,
1945, pp. 621–631.
W. M. Rohsenow, “A Method of Correlating Heat-Transfer
Data for Surface Boiling Liquids,” Vol. 74, 1952, pp.
969–975.
N. Zuber, “On the Stability of Boiling,” Vol. 80, 1958, pp.
711–720.
were published and by 1958 the Transactions were publishingabout 35 heat transfer papers per year. Also, the Journal ofApplied Mechanics (JAM) had become a separate journal during
this time, and heat transfer articles were published in JAM as
well. In 1945, the Transactions included an entire symposium onheat transfer in fins.
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Fig. 21

8.1 HTD Newsletter. The division’s newsletter is published
online on a yearly basis. It contains a lot of very useful information including details about division leadership, conferences,
awards, and other details. Taken as a group, the newsletters provide a running history of the division.

Fig. 24 Cover of the first (February 1959) issue of JHT with thesignatures of all ten technical editors. The JHT editors were
honored at the Heat Transfer Division dinner at the 1990 WinterAnnual Meeting in Dallas, TX.

061001-14 / Vol. 135, JUNE 2013

Editors of the Journal of Heat Transfer (1959–present)

1959–1962

J. J. Jacklitsch (with S. P. Kezios as Consulting
Editor)S. P. Kezios
W. H. Giedt (R. A. Seban completed second year
due to Giedt’s illness)
E. M. Sparrow
K. T. Yang
G. M. Faeth
J. R. Howell
R. Viskanta
V. K. Dhir
Y. Jaluria
T. Simon

1963–19691970–1972
1972–1980
1980–1984
1985–1989
1990–1994
1995–1999
2000–2004
2005–20102010–present

regularly acknowledged. Today, there is a general consensus that
the ASME Journal of Heat Transfer is the world’s premier journal
in its field.
The past and current editors of the Journal of Heat Transfer are
listed in Table 2. The JHT editors have all been academicianswith a strong record of research and service; however, there has
been participation by industry, national laboratories, and government through the associate editors. In 1988, there was a special
fifth issue of volume 110 of the JHT prepared as part of the division’s 50th anniversary with a total of 20 review articles on a
range of topics. A number of hardbound copies of this edition
were published as well those in the usual format. More recently,
there have been several other special issues, i.e., Electronic Cooling (January 2005), Gas Turbine Heat Transfer (May 2005), Boiling, Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer, and Interfacial Phenomena(December 2006), Nano/Microscale Radiative Transfer (January2007), Computational Heat Transfer (April 2007), Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer (April 2008), Micronanoscale Heat Transfer(March & April 2009), Recent Advances in Porous Media Transport (October 2009), Molecular-to-Large-Scale Heat Transfer
With Multiphase Interfaces (December 2009), Radiative Heat
Transfer (February 2010), Recent Advances in Microchannel Heat
Transfer (April 2010), Heat and Mass Transfer in Biosystems(January 2011), Advanced Thermal Processing (March 2011),
Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies (March 2012), Heat
Transfer in Nanochannels, Microchannels, Minichannels (February 2012), and Microscale Heat and Mass Transfer (May 2012). A
careful review of this list of special issues clearly indicates the primary focus has been in the area of micro- and nanoscale heattransfer.
Another feature was introduced in the May 1997 issue of JHT:
the Heat Transfer Photogallery. This section features photographs,
many in beautiful color, illustrating a variety of heat transfer phenomena. This addition helps to visualize heat transfer and brings
real meaning to the old term that “a picture is worth a thousandwords.” And, it might be added that “a color picture is probably
worth at least two thousand words.”
Since the 1980s, the JHT has moved from four issues per year,with a significant publishing delay because of a backlog of quality
papers, to bimonthly issues. Finally, submission pressures allowed
the present monthly format. The editors took the lead in coordinating a common symbol list among the major heat transfer journals,
and many journals now allow authors to provide only a list of
those symbols not on the common list. This approach resulted in asignificant savings in pages over the years.

8.3 The ASME Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering
Applications (JTSEA). This relatively new journal focuses on
the dissemination of information of permanent interest in applied
thermal sciences and engineering and is intended to be complementary to the JHT. Thus, the Journal directly addresses the concern ofsome HTD members who feel that the Journal of Heat Transfer has
become “too theoretical.” Contributions must have clear relevancy
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8.2 ASME Journal of Heat Transfer (JHT). Soon after the
HTD was formed, the leadership started pushing for its own journal based on the steady increase in heat transfer papers being produced. After about 15 years, ASME announced in 1958 that theTransactions of the ASME would be split up into four different
journals; however, none of the four was a heat transfer journal.
But, thanks to some last minute heroic efforts by Scotty Kezios,
the Journal of Heat Transfer (JHT) was added as a fifth transactions journal. So, the first issue of the journal was published in
February 1959 with 15 articles (Fig. 24). Among the familiar
authors of papers in the maiden issue were Eph Sparrow, Robert
Siegel, Sol Levy, Ralph Greif, R. G. Deissler, and George Dusinberre. For the first three years J. J. Jacklitsch of the ASME staff
served as editor with Kezios as consulting editor. In 1963 the position of senior technical editor was established (later changed totechnical editor with an editorial board of associate editors in1968). The JHT disseminates information of permanent interest in
the areas of heat and mass transfer. Contributions may consist of
results from fundamental research that apply to thermal energy ormass transfer in all fields of mechanical engineering and related
disciplines. The journal is available in both print and electronic
format, but within the next few years only the electronic format
will be available. From the very beginning the division establisheda rigorous peer review process which remains to this day, and thecontributions of the reviewers in maintaining high standards isTable 2

to an industry, an industrial process, or a device. While the processes and phenomena discussed may be complex, the results musthave a relatively straightforward or feasible path to application.
Subject areas can be as narrow as a particular phenomenon or device or as broad as a system. Papers are sought that have long-term
relevance to specific applications including: original research of an
applied nature; application of thermal sciences to processes or systems; technology reviews; and identification of research needs tosolve industrial problems at all time and length scales. The founding editor was Michael Jensen of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,a position he still holds. The journal is published quarterly.

9Concluding Remarks

This retrospective on the Heat Transfer Division ends with arecognition of the ASME staff, a personal story, and a glimpse
into the future that reflects the division as well as thermal scienceand technology.
First, it goes without saying that in order for the ASME andHTD to be successful, there must be good rapport between thestaff and volunteers. It takes hard work, dedication, understanding, and a continuing effort to achieve desired objectives. So, on
behalf of the volunteers, we say “Thank You” to the staff for its
support of the division over the past 75 years.
Second, here is a story that illustrates the professional and personal
attachment that many of us have experienced through our association
with the division and ASME. It is told through the recollections of
Erwin Fried who served as HTD chair in 1977–78 [39].
One of the most memorable activities during the annual heat transfer
conferences and similar events, was the nightly gathering of heattransfer activists in the Hemisphere Publishing hospitality suite,
provided by William Begell. It was a place where books were
hatched, friendships were made, stories were told, and refreshments
were consumed. But the most memorable part was Allan Kraus

Journal of Heat Transfer

Of course, Allan had a distinguished career and was an expert
in extended surfaces and cooling of electronic equipment. Begell,a real friend of the Division, served on the ASME Board of Communications as a representative of Hemisphere Publishing andlater Begell House. Although both Allan and Bill, and so manyothers, are no longer with us, they are still are remembered fortheir contributions to the HTD.
The story continues with Thomas Rudy who earned his Ph.D. at
Penn State under Ralph Webb, spent his entire career with Exxon,
and was active in both HTRI and HTFS. He was also an active
member of the Heat Transfer Equipment Committee and servedon the Executive Committee in the early 1990s. He recently
shared a nice story [40]:One of my earliest remembrances of heat transfer division activity
occurred at my very first attendance at an HTD meeting at the
AIAA/ASME Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference in Palo
Alto, California in May 1978. I was still new in the heat transfer
community and did not know any of the meeting participants. Most
seemed to know each other, though, and were enjoying catching up
on events since their last meeting. I was about to leave after thesessions to go have dinner on my own when I heard someone say,
“Hey where are you going?” I turned to the person and said that I
had no plans so he immediately said that I should come along withhim and a group of friends. That night I made many new
acquaintances and it was the start of more than 40 years of activity in
the Heat Transfer Division and local ASME Sections. That person
who got me started was Irwin Fried. I will never forget his kindness
in bringing along a new engineer. Whenever I have see him at
meetings, I have made a point to thank him and tell him that sincethat initial kindness of his, I’ve tried to do the same thing inmeetings I’ve attended. This is a great habit to adopt to strengthen
our Division.

Tom’s story is a reminder that while it is always great to see
our heat transfer friends, it is also good to reach out to those we
don’t know, especially the young people. I’m sure we all remember going to our first meeting and being in awe of people that we
had read about or perhaps studied their works.
Finally, the HTD has gone through many changes in its impressive 75-year history. In another 25 years, the division will celebrate its 100th anniversary. Many current seniors will not bepresent for that celebration, but we can speculate about upcomingchanges.
A number of people have lamented the demise of the ASMEAIChE National Heat Transfer Conference. In the early days thechemical engineers were closely aligned with process heat transfer
and had strong ties with industry. This relationship helped toensure a strong link between heat transfer art and science. Without
their participation we have lost an important partnership.
Others are concerned with the level of industrial participationin the HTD and a lack of industrial experience by the current faculty, due in part to the extreme pressure to obtain funded research.
The division, for most of its existence, has always had an academic majority; however, the leadership has done a very good job
in alternating division chairs between academic and non-academic
representatives. It is very important that the division retain representation from industry and national laboratories among its ranks.
As the quantity of research being carried out has exploded, so
have the number of publications—not just in ASME journals but
in many others as well. The other day I heard someone comment,in this regard, that we seem to have become better writers thanreaders. And, here is a related subject that is sure to get the attention of the division’s researchers: Since the government is supporting much of this work, there is a minority (currently) arguingthat all publications based on such work should be in the open
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8.4 Other Journals. With the explosion of publications in
the field of heat transfer, a number of important journals haveappeared. The International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer ispublished by Pergammon Press and was started in 1960. The
founding editor was James Hartnett, a position he held for many
years, and W. J. (Wally) Minkowicz (University of Illinois, Chicago) is the current editor-in-chief. A sister publication, Letters in
Heat and Mass Transfer, renamed International Communications
in Heat and Mass Transfer was started a few years later. Heat
Transfer Engineering had an interesting beginning. Kenneth Bell,
Jerry Taborek, Ernst Schlunder, and William Begell met at the
New Otani Hotel at the 1974 International Heat Transfer in Tokyo. They agreed on the need for a journal that would encourage
publication of applied heat transfer papers while meeting the quality standards of archival literature. So, volume 1, issue 1 was published in 1979 by Hemisphere with Ken Bell as editor-in-chief
and the journal is now in its 33rd year. Numerical Heat Transfer:
Part A Applications and Part B Fundamentals is published by Taylor and Francis with Minkowicyz as editor-in-chief. Experimental
Heat Transfer was started in 1987 with C.-L. Tien as the founding
editor and is published by Taylor and Francis. Dimos Poulikakos(Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) is the current editor. The
Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, published by Begell House,
was started in 1994 with Ralph Webb as editor, a position currently held by Raj Manglik (University of Cincinnati). The Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer is published by theAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics with Alfred
Crosbie, Missouri University of Science and Technology, as editor. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, published by Elsevier, started publication in 1988 with Ramesh Shah as cofounderand editor, a position he held for several years. Lawrence Kennedy (Ohio State, Illinois—Chicago) then served as editor from1995–2008. Current editors-in-chief are G. P. Celata (ENEA,
Italy) and I. Kennedy (UC Davis).

telling jokes. He could go on for hours, and they were quite good. I
recall that one time in San Francisco, when Allan was ready to go
back to his hotel, he asked me to hold his wallet, because someattendee had been held up and robbed and he did not want to be a
victim on his way to his room.

Acknowledgment
The author would like to thank Frank Kulacki, John Kitto,
Richard Jacobsen, and Erin Dolan for providing papers, reports,
photos, and other useful information. John Lienhard IV gave mesome suggestions and very good advice. Terry Simon, Frank
Kulacki, and Michael Jensen all reviewed the manuscript and suggested many helpful changes. Philip DiVietro gave me access tothe online Journals of Heat Transfer and Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, and both proved very useful resources.
Lesley Hancock provided helpful publication details and administrative support. Jon Marner resolved a major hardware problem
with my computer and helped with several software issues.
Finally, the Heat Transfer Division members are commended fortheir contributions to the division, ASME, and the engineering
profession over the past 75 years. With great appreciation I thankthe many people in the division who, both directly and indirectly,
helped to make this history possible.

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Transactions of the ASME

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domain, i.e., that journals should be “free.” At the present time,
however, we can certainly celebrate the fact that the Journal of
Heat Transfer continues to be the top journal in its field.
Looking to the future, internationalization will have a growing
impact on ASME and the HTD. Micro- and nanotechnology
research, development, and education will continue unabated,
although some in the heat transfer community have expressed
concern about the balance of work in this area and just about
everything else. They argue that many heat transfer problems
remain in traditional areas. A portion of our research efforts will,undoubtedly, become more multidisciplinary in the future because
real-world problems are not neatly packaged into single disciplines. Medical and health issues will continue to mount and costs
will continue to escalate; therefore, a closer alliance in the futurewith the Bioengineering Division is inevitable. And, I am surethat we will hear a lot more about the constructal law in the years
to come. Finally, energy will continue to receive strong attention,
as sustainable energy sources are sought, but the U.S. is likely toremain a petroleum-based economy for quite some time. Alongwith energy issues, there will be a growing attention on maintaining an adequate supply of clean water.
So, on the occasion of its 75th anniversary, the ASME Heat
Transfer Division can celebrate a glorious past, basking on a solid
foundation of superb technological advances, built by an incredible group of collegial, innovative, hardworking people—both
researchers and practitioners. I have no doubt that the division
will move on to even greater achievements in the future. The heattransfer road ahead will be bumpy, have some potholes, and a lotof curves, but the next generation will be up to the challenge.