東北大学国際連携推進機構
2017年2月

東北大学グローバルイニシアティブ構想諮問会議︵東北大学国際アドバイザリーボード︶2016年度開催報告書

東北大学グローバルイニシアティブ構想諮問会議（東北大学国際アドバイザリーボード）
2016年度開催報告書

目次

1.

東北大学グローバルイニシアティブ構想諮問会議（東北大学国際アドバイザリーボード）開催の経緯と目的東北大学 総長

里見

1

進

2.

2016 年度会議実施概要

3.

第 1 回東北大学グローバルイニシアティブ構想諮問会議

2（東北大学国際アドバイザリーボード）
ボードメンバーのレポート（概要）4.

5

ボードメンバーからのコメントおよびご提言
・Professor Fumio S. Ohuchi, University of Washington

19

・小野寺

22

正，KDDI 株式会社 取締役会長

・Professor Richard James, The University of Melbourne

24・Professor Marie-Pierre Favre, Institut National des Sciences Appliquees Lyon
28

5.

・Professor Harald Fuess, Heidelberg University

32

・Dr. Kriengkrai Boonlert-U-Thai, Chulalongkorn University

38

発表資料
・Things we have achieved so far: The outline of internationalization at
Tohoku University
里見進

41

総長

・Tohoku University Global Initiative: The Top Global University Project inTohoku University
植木俊哉

理事（総務・国際展開・事務統括担当）

・Strategic global networking for eﬀective internationalization
植木俊哉

51
55

理事（総務・国際展開・事務統括担当）

・Toward synergetic eﬀects of collaboration between cutting-edge research andinternational joint graduate education
伊藤貞嘉

理事（研究担当）山口昌弘

総長特別補佐・副理事（国際交流担当）

・Enhancing educational internationalization for all students
花輪公雄

理事（教育・学生支援・教育国際交流担当）

66

84

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➨  ᅇᮾ໭኱Ꮫࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈᵓ᝿ㅎၥ఍㆟㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫᅜ㝿࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮࣮ࣜ࣎ࢻ㸧࣮࣎ࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦ᴫせ㸧ࠐ ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥㸦㔠㸧௝ྎᕷෆ࡟࡚㛤ദࡉࢀࡓᶆグ఍㆟࡟ฟᖍࡋࡓᮾ໭኱Ꮫᅜ㝿࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮࣮ࣜ࣎ࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ ྡ࡟ࡣࠊ఍㆟ᖍୖ࡛ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊᩥ᭩࡛ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺᥦ
ฟࢆᚋ᪥㏦௜࡟࡚౫㢗ࡋࡓࠋࠐ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡣ௨ୗࡢ  Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡼ࠺౫㢗ࡋࡓࠋ
2YHUYLHZRI7RKRNX8QLYHUVLW\¶V,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WUDWHJLHV7RSLF6WUDWHJLFJOREDOQHWZRUNLQJIRUHIIHFWLYHLQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ7RSLF7RZDUGV\QHUJHWLFHIIHFWVRIFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQFXWWLQJHGJHUHVHDUFKDQG
LQWHUQDWLRQDOMRLQWJUDGXDWHHGXFDWLRQ7RSLF(QKDQFLQJHGXFDWLRQDOLQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQIRUDOOVWXGHQWV2WKHULVVXHVྛ࣮࣎ࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࠿ࡽࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠊᥦ᱌ࡢᴫせࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ㸦඲ヂ࣭඲ᩥᥖ㍕࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸧ࠋ 2YHUYLHZRI7RKRNX8QLYHUVLW\¶V,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WUDWHJLHV࠙3URIHVVRU)XPLR62KXFKLࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡣ㔛ぢࣅࢪࣙࣥ࡜ㄪ࿴ࡀྲྀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࣭኱Ꮫᅜ㝿໬ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞㈨※ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢ㐠Ⴀࡣ」㞧ࡉࢆక࠸ࠊࡲࡓ⤒ᖺࡢ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺホ౯ࡢᐃࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣭ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ6*8 ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ  ᖺ┠࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣᒎ㛤࣭ᨵၿࡍ࡭ࡁ࢚ࣜ࢔ࢆᐃࡵࠊ
࠶ࡽࡺࡿศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁ࡞㐍ᒎࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࠙ᑠ㔝ᑎṇ ྲྀ⥾ᙺ఍㛗ࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣᅜ㝿໬࡟ẚ㍑ⓗ᪩ࡃ࠿ࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࠊእᅜ⡠ᩍဨᩘࠊእᅜㄒ࡛ࡢᤵ
ᴗᩘ࡞࡝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ╔ᐇ࡞㐍ᒎࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ
࣭㔞ⓗᣑ኱࡜ඹ࡟㉁ࡢྥୖࡀ㔜せࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⌮ゎࡋࡘࡘࠊホ౯ᣦᶆࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ௚኱Ꮫ࡜␗࡞ࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ᕤኵࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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― 5 ―

࠙3URIHVVRU5LFKDUG-DPHVࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣࡍ࡛࡟᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢺࢵࣉ኱Ꮫࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࡛ࡣ 
఩ෆ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ഔฟࡋࡓୡ⏺ⓗ኱Ꮫ࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊୖᾏ஺㏻኱Ꮫࡢୡ⏺኱ᏛᏛ⾡ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ྥୖࡀぢࡽࢀࡎࠊᚎࠎ࡟ᝏ໬ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᮾ໭
኱Ꮫࡢᅜ㝿ⓗᆅ఩ࡣ⌮ᕤᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿഔฟᛶࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡾ㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽᅜ㝿ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡣᅜ㝿໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ၏୍࡛࣋ࢫࢺ࡞ᣦᶆ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡣᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢ≧ែࢆఏ࠼ࠊୡ⏺୰࠿ࡽඃ⚽࡞Ꮫ⏕ࢆᘬࡁ௜ࡅࡿࡢ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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࠙3URIHVVRU0DULH3LHUUH)DYUHࠚ࣭⤒㦂ⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣᅜ㝿໬ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡍ࡛࡟࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㔛ぢࣅࢪࣙࣥࡣᅜ㝿໬ࡢഃ㠃ࢆ඲㠃ⓗ࡟⤫ྜࡋࡓࣅࢪ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭኱Ꮫᅜ㝿໬ࡣ」㞧࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᫬㛫࡜ࠊ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ㄪᩚ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚௜ຍⓗ࡞ᡭẁࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜ㝿໬ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ⤌⧊ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊኚ໬ࢆ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶᅜ㝿໬ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୍ࡘ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ࣭ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࡟௒ᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࢆ᫂ᩥ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࢆྵࡴࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ᭩࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣅࢪࣙࣥ

 ࡢ୺せ࡞┠ᶆ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸦᪤Ꮡࡢࡶࡢ࡜ᑗ᮶ྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸧࢔ࢡࢩࣙࣥࣉࣛࣥ㸦▷ᮇ㛗ᮇ㸧ࠋᆅ⌮ⓗ࢚ࣜ࢔࡟ࣈࣞ࢖ࢡࢲ࢘ࣥࡋࡓࡶࡢࡶⰋ࠸
㸦౛㸸࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊḢᕞࠊ໭⡿➼㸧࣐࢖ࣝࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࠊᣦᶆࠊホ౯࣭ᡓ␎ࡢຠᯝ

ᐃࡣᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ6*8 ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚲせ࡞ᣦᶆࡶ࠶ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋࠊᮾ

໭኱Ꮫ⊂⮬ࡢᣦᶆࡶ࠶ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ

ᐃࡍࡿィჾ┙ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

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࠙3URIHVVRU+DUDOG)XHVVࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣ㏆ᖺࠊᵝࠎ࡞άື࡟ࡼࡿᅜ㝿㐃ᦠࡢᣑ኱ࢆάⓎ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
࣭ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᅜෆ࡛ࡢ༟㉺ᛶ࠿ࡽⓎᒎࡋࡉࡽ࡟ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ࢺࢵࣉ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡬࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡢ㐨ࡢࡾࡣࡲࡔ㛗࠸ࠋ඲యⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿໬࡜ࡋ࡚⚾ࡀ᥎ዡࡍࡿࡢࡣ௨ୗࡢ  Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ࢺࢵࣉࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ኱Ꮫ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⌧ᐇⓗ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᨻᗓࣇ࢓ࣥࢻࢆ  ಸ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕゝ࠺ࡣ᫆ࡃ⾜࠺ࡣ㞴ࡋ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪥ᮏ࡜
┦ᙜࡍࡿᕞ❧኱Ꮫࡢ࠶ࡿᅜ࡛ࡣࠊᨻᗓࡀࡶࡗ࡜኱つᶍ࡞ࠊࡑࡋ࡚୺せ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚ࡣࡼࡾ㛗ᮇࡢᢞ㈨ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛ➃ⓗ◊✲ࡸ➇த࣮࣋ࢫࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡶࡗ
࡜ᨭ᥼ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡣྲྀࡾṧࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ  ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢᏛ⾡ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿඛ➃ⓗ◊✲ࡣᙜ↛ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡛ඹྠⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡢ⚾ࡢ
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― 6 ―

୺せ࡞᥎ዡ⟇ࡣࠊ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞ᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚◊✲⪅ࡢ㢌⬻⋓ᚓࡲࡓࡣ㢌⬻㑏ὶࢆࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◊✲⪅ಶேࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㐃ᦠࡣඹྠయไࡢዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࠊ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ༠ຊయไࢆ◊✲࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࣭࢖࣮ࣥ࢟ࣗ࣋ࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿ⤌⧊ⓗᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◊✲⪅ࡢ」ᩘ
ᅇࡢゼၥࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡸ་ᏛࠊᕤᏛࡢ◊✲᪋タࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡞࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈ࡟࡞
ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ౛࠼ࡤࢹࢪࢱࣝ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡞࡝ࡶࠊேᩥ࣭♫఍Ꮫ⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚㨩ຊⓗ࡞㈨※࡜࡞ࡿࠋ  ᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊ஦ົᡭ⥆ࡁࡢᡭ㛫ࡸᏛ⾡ୖࡢ࣋ࢫࢺࣉࣛࢡࢸ࢕ࢫࢆᏛࡧ
ྜ࠺࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠕྲྀᘬࢥࢫࢺࠖࢆῶࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᩍ⫱◊✲ୖࡢ኱Ꮫ㛫༠ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₯ᅾⓗ࡞᭷┈ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍⰋ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶேⓗ࡟ࡣࡇࢀࢆ  ࠿ࡽ  ࡢ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ࡜Ⰻ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ  ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢࡼ࠺࡞኱つᶍ኱Ꮫ࡛ᅜ㝿໬ࢆࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢺࡍࡿࡢࡣ኱ኚᅔ㞴࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆせࡍࡿࠋከᩘࡢ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉ࡜ࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀከࡃࡢᩍ⫋ဨ࡟▱ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡟㉳ࡇࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᮃࡲࢀࡿࡢࡣᏛෆ࡟༠ຊ㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡃࡓࡵࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞
࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᑟධ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸦౛࠼ࡤⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡜᪥ᮏᏛࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸧㢮ఝࡍࡿࡀᖹ⾜ⓗ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛫ࡢ┦஌ຠᯝࡸࠊⱝ࠸㸦カ⦎ࢆཷࡅࡓ㸧ᩍ⫋ဨࡀ༠㆟ࡸពᛮỴᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᶵ఍ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ࡟ࡏࡼࠊᥦၐࡋࡓ࠸Ⅼࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾࢩࣥࣉ࡛ࣝ↓㥏ࡢ࡞࠸ࠊࡑࢀ࡛࠸࡚ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྍ⬟ᛶࢆồࡵࡿࡼࡾࡶᢚไࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㔜ࡁࢆ࠾ࡃࡼ࠺࡞᫬㛫ࡤ࠿ࡾᾘ㈝ࡍࡿᐁ൉ⓗ࡞ጤဨ఍ᵓ㐀ࢆࡶ࠺୍ࡘసࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣ㑊ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡀᥖࡆࡿ᰾࡜࡞ࡿࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊ㛤࠿ࢀࡓ኱Ꮫ㸦EHDQRSHQXQLYHUVLW\㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡇࢀࡢព࿡ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊேᩥᏛࠊ♫఍⛉ᏛࠊἲᏛࠊ⤒῭Ꮫࢆྵࡴ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⠊ᅖࡢᏛ⾡㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༟㉺ᛶࢆ⫱࡚ࡿ኱Ꮫ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅜ㝿ⓗㄆ▱ᗘࢆୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟⥲ྜ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ
ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢᆅ఩ࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ௜㝶ⓗ࡟ࠊᏛ⏕ࠊᩍဨࠊࡑࡋ࡚࡜ࡾࢃࡅᇳ⾜㒊࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ⏨ዪẚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௚ࡢୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ࢺࢵࣉ኱Ꮫ࡟ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ
ዪᛶࡢᩘࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࠋୖ㏙ࡢᏛၥศ㔝ࡣዪᛶࡢᏛ⏕ࡸᩍဨࡀẚ㍑ⓗ㞟୰ࡍࡿศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ㡿ᇦࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣᅜ㝿໬ࡶࡍࡿࡋࠊྠ᫬࡟ࡼ
ࡾໟᣓⓗ࡞኱Ꮫ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡼࡾከᵝ࡞ᡯ⬟࠶ࡿ㞟ᅋ࠿ࡽᗈࡃேᮦࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࣁ࢖ࢹࣝ࣋ࣝࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࡞᭷┈ᛶࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊWKLUGSDUW\ ࠿ࡽࡢࣇ࢓ࣥࢻࡀ´ᅜ㝿ᩥ໬Ꮫ´࡜ᗈࡃ࿧⛠ࡉࢀࡿ㡿ᇦ࡟ᢞ㈨ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

࠙'U.ULHQJNUDL%RRQOHUW87KDLࠚ
࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡣࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣅࢪࣙࣥ࡜ࡼࡃㄪ࿴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
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― 7 ―

࣭⌧ᅾ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㝿໬ࡢㅖഃ㠃࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ௒ᚋᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ♫఍ࡸ᪥ᮏ඲య࡬ࡢ
㈉⊩ࡸࠊேᩥ⛉Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

 7RSLF6WUDWHJLFJOREDOQHWZRUNLQJIRUHIIHFWLYHLQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ࠙3URIHVVRU)XPLR62KXFKLࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱ᏛࡣᏛ⾡஺ὶ༠ᐃ⥾⤖ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᾏእᣐⅬタ⨨ࠊᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒ཧຍ࡞࡝
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᗈࡃᾏእ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠయไࢆ⠏࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
࣭ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢᾏእ㐃ᦠࢆࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿໬ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ᡓ
␎ⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣྛᾏእ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡢάື࡞࡝ࢆヲ⣽࡟⤂௓ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢάືࡢ࢔࢘ࢺ࣒࢝ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟

ᐃࡋά⏝ࡍࡿ࠿࡜

࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ࡣゐࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊྛྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛ᮇᚅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࢦ࣮ࣝࢆ෌ᐃ
⩏ࡋࠊ࢔࢘ࢺ࣒࢝ࢆ

ࡿ᪉ἲࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㦵ࡢᢡࢀࡿ௙஦࠿ࡶࡋࢀ

࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᏛ⾡஺ὶ༠ᐃ࠿ࡽᚓࡓᡂᯝࢆ෌ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᚲせ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢᅜ㝿໬࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞どⅬࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊ᪂ࡋࡃྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳጞࡵࡓᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࡇࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ
ෆ㐃ᦠࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊႚ⥭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋᅜෆእࡢ
ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜ඹ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞ゎỴ⟇ࢆᥦ᱌࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ຊࢆࣇ࢓࢝ࣝࢸ࢕ࠊ⫋ဨࠊᏛ⏕࡟୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓཧ⏬ࡸ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆᨭ࠼
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⾜ືࣉࣟࢭࢫࠊ࣏ࣜࢩ࣮ࠊሗዡࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃៖࡟್ࡍࡿࠋ
࠙ᑠ㔝ᑎṇ ྲྀ⥾ᙺ఍㛗ࠚ࣭ᅜ㝿ⓗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᙧᡂࡢ┠ⓗࠊ┠ᶆࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭Ꮫ⾡஺ὶ༠ᐃࢆ⥾⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᶵ㛵ࢆྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᢅ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ
࡚࡝ࡢᶵ㛵࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞௜ࡁྜ࠸᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿ࢆࡼࡃ᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ᾏእᣐⅬࠊ࢚ࣜࢰࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ┠ⓗࠊ┠ᶆࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡢ
᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ஺ὶ༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࢇࡔᶵ㛵࡜஦ົᡤࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࠶࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࣭ᩍဨࠊ◊✲⪅ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ஺ὶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿ஦ົ⫋ဨࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㐍ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ஦ົ⫋ဨࡢᅜ㝿ே஦஺ὶࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡢࡶຠᯝⓗ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

࠙3URIHVVRU5LFKDUG-DPHVࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࡣᏛ⏕ࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡢቑຍࢆಁࡋࠊ◊✲⪅ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆᙉࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ୍ࡘࡢ⤫ྜࡉࢀࡓࢫ࣮࣒࡛࢟⾜࠺ࡸࡾ᪉ࡣ㈼࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒࡬ࡢཧ⏬ࡣὀព῝࠸⪃ᐹࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒ࡣ
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― 8 ―

ᚲࡎࡋࡶࡍ࡭࡚ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒ࡣࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅつᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ᫬
㛫ࢆᾉ㈝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊཷࡅࡿᜠᜨࡣ࠶ࡲࡾከࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᴫࡋ࡚ࠊ୍
ᑐ୍ࡢᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣࡼࡾ౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ⚾ࡢᥦ᱌ࡣࠊᑡ࡞࠸ᩘࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㞟୰ⓗ࡟ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭⥲ྜⓗ࡟ぢ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡀ▱ࡾࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡸࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒ࡀࠊ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⚾ࡀከࡃࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ᫂☜࡞┠ⓗࡢ࡞࠸ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠖ࡜࡞
ࡿࡢࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟௒ᚋⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࠿࡜࠸࠺᫂☜࡞㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࠙3URIHVVRU0DULH3LHUUH)DYUHࠚ࣭Ꮫ⾡஺ὶ༠ᐃ Ꮫ⏕ࡢᅜ㝿஺ὶᶵ఍ࡢቑ㐍ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣከᵝᛶࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰༡⡿ࡣ௒ᚋᒎ㛤ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿᆅᇦ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ஺ὶ༠ᐃࡀࠕ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸦DFWLYH㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀಖドࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
࣭ᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ
 㸦」ᩘࡢᇶ‽࡟ࡼࡿỴᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⤒࡚㸧ᩘ኱Ꮫࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢆ㑅ࡪ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛
࠼ࡤࠊ㸦໭⡿ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࠿ࡽጞࡵ࡚㸧ୡ⏺ྛᆅᇦࡢࢺࢵࣉ  ኱ᏛࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࡢࡀⰋ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜ࡣఱ࠿㸽Ꮫෆእࡢᣦᶆࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ
ከᩘࡢ◊✲⪅ࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ㛵ࢃࡿඹྠయไࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ

◊✲㡿ᇦ࣭ෆᐜࡢ࣐ࢵࢳࣥࢢࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ⿵᏶ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㛤ⓎⓎᒎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㧗࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿඹྠ◊✲ࡢ⥅⥆ᛶࡀぢ㎸ࡵࡿάື㡿ᇦ࣭ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢከᵝᛶࡀ࠶ࡿᵝࠎ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀぢ㎸ࡵࡿ㸦Ꮫ㒊ࡸ኱Ꮫ㝔ࠊࢲࣈࣝࢹ࢕ࢢ࣮ࣜࠊࢪࣙ࢖ࣥࢺࣛ࣎ࠋ」ᩘ㒊ᒁࡀ㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ➼㸧ఱࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ┦ᡭᰯ࡜ඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓࠊࡇࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣᖖ࡟ ZLQZLQ 㛵ಀ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
࣭ᾏእᣐⅬ࡜࢚ࣜࢰࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ
┠ⓗࡣఱ࠿㸽㐠Ⴀయไࡣ㸽ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪉ἲࡣ㸽ホ౯㸦ᣦᶆ㸧ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡏࡼᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㐃ᦠయไࡢ௜ຍ౯್ࡣ㸽࣭ຠᯝⓗ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ
ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࣋ࢿࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࡣఱ࠿㸽ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࢆ኎ࡾ㎸ࡴ㸦SURPRWH㸧ࡓࡵ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡࡢࡓࡵ

஧኱Ꮫ㛫㛵ಀ࡛ࡣᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡓࡵ ホ౯ࡣᖖ࡟ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ´QR´ࡸ´VWRS´࡜ゝ࠺࡭ࡁ᫬ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ

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― 9 ―

ࢳ࣮࣒ࡸ௚ࡢᏛෆࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚༑ศ࡞ྜ⌮ⓗㄝ᫂ࢆ⏝ពࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡋࡗ࠿
ࡾ࡜ࡋࡓ㐠Ⴀయไࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࡟ࡣ  ࠿ࡽ  ᖺ㛫ࡢᮇ㛫ࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

࠙3URIHVVRU+DUDOG)XHVVࠚ࣭ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏࡟࠾ࡅࡿ඲యⓗ࡞ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡣ㸽ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜࠸࠺ࢿࢵࢺ
࣮࣡ࢡ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆࡶࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿㸽ඃඛ㡰఩ࢆタࡅ࡞࠸ࡲࡲఱࡶ࠿ࡶࢆ࢝
ࣂ࣮ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊ஦ົసᴗࡤ࠿ࡾࡀቑ࠼ࠊ௚ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ➇ྜ኱Ꮫ࡜ᕪู໬ࢆᅗࢀ࡞ࡃ
࡞ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟┦ᡭ኱Ꮫࢆ㑅ࡧ኱Ꮫ㛫㛵ಀࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟ࠊᙉࡳࡢ࠶
ࡿᆅᇦ࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡋ」ᩘࡢᏛၥ㛫ࡢ┦஌ຠᯝࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛᰾࡜࡞ࡿ
ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢάື࡜ࠊ㒊ᒁࡸ◊✲ᡤࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ㛵ᚰࢆ⤫ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᑗ᮶ࡼࡾᖜᗈ࠸άືࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢኊ኱࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢάືࡢ୰࡛⚾ࡀ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺Ⅼࡣࠊ㸰ࡘࡢᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜ࠊ+H..6D*2Q ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢ㧗࠸Ꮫ⾡ⓗྠ┕࡬ࡢຍ┕࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊࢱ࢖ࠊࣟࢩ࢔࡞࡝ࠊ௚ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ
኱Ꮫࡀࡑࢀ࡯࡝ὀពࢆᡶࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᅜ࡜ࡢ≉ᐃࡢᐇ㉁ⓗ㛵ಀࢆ⠏࠸࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡶⰋ
ࡃศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
࣭ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡸࡣࡾࠊ௚ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢࢺࢵࣉ  ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣࠕ᭱ࡶᅜ㝿ⓗ࡛࡞࠸ࠖ኱Ꮫࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋእᅜே㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᾏእ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿ㸧ᩍဨᩘࢆ  ྡ௨ୖ࡟ࡍࡿ┠ᶆࡣ❧ὴ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟కࡗ࡚㛗ᮇⓗ࡞࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࣭ࣃ࣮ࢫ࣌ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈࡶ⏝ពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ෌ࡧⱝ࠸እᅜே◊✲⪅ࢆูࡢά㌍ࡢሙ࡟ྥ࠿ࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
࣭࡜ࡾࢃࡅᏛ⏕ࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟⾲ࡉࢀࡿᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦၐࡋࡓ
࠸ࠋ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࠊ≀⌮Ꮫࠊ་Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᙉࡳࢆᣢࡘ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᙉࡳࢆࡶࡘ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡟ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆᐃࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࡣࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻ
ຊࡢ㧗࠸኱Ꮫ࡜ᙧᘧⓗ࡞ዎ⣙ࡔࡅ⤖ࢇ࡛ᐇ㝿ࡢ୰㌟ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞⨜࡟㝗ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ᾏእᣐⅬࡸ࢚ࣜࢰࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ⚾⮬㌟ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂࡛ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ົᡤࡣᐇ㝿ୖࡢព⩏࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ◊✲ୖࡢඹྠయไࢆ
ồࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ᖖࠊ⫋ဨࡣ῝࠸▱㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⏕ࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡍࡽࠊ⌧ᆅࡢᩍဨ࡜༠ຊࡋ࡚⾜࠺᪉ࡀࡼࡾຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣࡑࡢᆅ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡾᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࠙'U.ULHQJNUDL%RRQOHUW87KDLࠚ
6*8 ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸᅜ㝿ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ၥ࠺࡭ࡁⅬࡸᥦ᱌ࡣḟࡢ  Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㐍⾜୰ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣ 6*8 ࡀ⤊஢ࡋࡓᚋ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠋ ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢᩍ⫱࡜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚♫఍ࡸࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺ࡟ࣇ࢛࣮࢝
ࢫࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

― 10 ―

 6*8 ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ኱㒊ศࡣእᅜㄒ࡟㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ
௚ࡢᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ኱༙ࡢ᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣᅜ㝿໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ດຊࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࠋ  ᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒࡞࡝ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡢ࠿
࣭ᾏእᣐⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᢞ㈨ᑐຠᯝࠊ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝ㸸࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࠿
ࡲࡎࠊ◊✲⪅ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ⛣ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ➨୍⩏ᆅ᪉ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡬ࡢཧ⏬␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⋓ᚓ㸦≉࡟ᑗ᮶◊✲⪅࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ 3K' Ꮫ⏕㸧ᾏእ࡛ࡢ኱Ꮫ⏘ᴗ㛫㐃ᦠࡇࢀࡽࡢάືࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᏛෆ㒊ᒁࢆゼၥࡋࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ⠏ࡃࡇ࡜ࠋࡑࢀ࡟
ࡼࡾ ZLQZLQ ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᣐⅬࡢά⏝࡟ࠊከࡃࡢ㒊ᒁࡀཧ⏬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞௙⤌ࡳࡀᚲせࠋ 7RSLF7RZDUGV\QHUJHWLFHIIHFWVRIFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQFXWWLQJHGJHUHVHDUFKDQG
LQWHUQDWLRQDOMRLQWJUDGXDWHHGXFDWLRQ࠙3URIHVVRU)XPLR62KXFKLࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣᮦᩱ⛉Ꮫࠊ໬Ꮫࠊᆅ⌫⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫࠊ≀⌮ኳᩥᏛࡢศ㔝➼࡛ࡑࡢᙉࡳࢆࡶࡕࠊୡ
⏺ࢆඛᑟࡍࡿ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜◊✲࣭ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿඹྠయไࢆ⠏ࡁࠊᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ඹྠᏛ఩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦MRLQWO\VXSHUYLVHGGRXEOHDQGMRLQWGHJUHHV㸧ࡣඹྠయไࡢᙉ໬ࢆᅗࡿ
Ⅼ࡛᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊඹྠᏛ఩ࡢタ⨨࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊไ⣙ࡸࣜࢫࢡࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛ఩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㛵ಀࢆ῝໬ࡉࡏࡓࡾࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸ኱Ꮫࡢᕪู໬ࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᮾ
໭኱Ꮫࡢᩍ⫱࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸᏛ⏕ࡢᩍ⫱Ꮫ⩦⤒㦂ࠊࢥ࣮ࢫࡸࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᏛ⩦࢔࢘ࢺ࣒࢝ࢆ
ᨵኚࡉࡏࡿ₯ᅾⓗྍ⬟ᛶࢆࡶࡘࠋ
࣭ࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿᏛ⏕࡟ࡣࠊᙼࡽࡢᑗ᮶ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡇࡢඹྠᏛ
఩ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ษ࡟ᣦᑟࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣭ ࡘࡢᅜ㝿ඹྠᏛ఩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࠕ᪥ᮏᏛࠖࡢࡳࡀᩥᏛ◊✲⛉࡛⤌⧊ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢࡼ࠺࡞⥲ྜ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊேᩥᏛࡸ♫఍Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢཧ⏬ࡀࡶࡗ࡜࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ㸦ᩥ⌮⼥ྜࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸧ୖ⣭࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿᩍ⫋ဨࡀ㒊ᒁ㛗࡞࡝࡜ᡓ␎ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࠙3URIHVVRU5LFKDUG-DPHVࠚ࣭ࡇࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡࡣ඲యⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡢ୰࡛ࡼࡃ⦎ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾὙ⦎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀ
ࡿࠋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊ◊✲ࡢᅜ㝿໬ࡣᩍ⫱Ꮫ⩦ࡢᅜ㝿໬࡟ẚ࡭࡚㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡢࡀẚ㍑ⓗᐜ࡛᫆
― 11 ―

࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ࡞࠾ࠊ㧗➼◊✲㝔㸦2$6㸧ࡸࡑࢀ࡟᫂☜࡟㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ◊✲ࡢࣇ࢛࣮࢝ࢫ࡞࡝ࡢ୺せせ⣲ࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿᵓ᝿࡟ࡣឤ㖭ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ
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࠙3URIHVVRU0DULH3LHUUH)DYUHࠚ
࣭ᾏእࡢ◊✲ဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿே஦ࡢ᪉㔪ࠊゝㄒⓗ᮲௳㸦ⱥㄒ㸽㸧ࠊᛶᕪ࡟ࡼࡿ㑅ู࡟ᑐࡍࡿ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡞࡝ࡣ࠶ࡿ࠿㸽࣭ࢲࣈࣝࢹ࢕ࢢ࣮ࣜࡣ኱Ꮫ࡜ 3K' Ꮫ⏕ࡢ୧⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚௜ຍ౯್࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⪃៖࡟್ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢲࣈࣝࢹ࢕ࢢ࣮ࣜࡣᏛ఩ࡢᚋࡢᑗ᮶ࡢඹྠ◊✲࡟⥅⥆ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭౛࠼ࡤᡓ␎ⓗࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜㛵㐃࡙ࡅ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ேⓗ஺ὶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ᩍဨࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸦ⱥㄒᙉ໬࡞࡝ࡢ㸧ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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࠙3URIHVVRU+DUDOG)XHVVࠚ࣭ࢺࢵࣉ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱ࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽᅜ㝿ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᑗ᮶ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢᏛ⾡ⓗࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ௒ᚋࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⫋ᴗ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍᏛ⾡ⓗࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆཷࡅࡓேᮦࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࣭GRFWRUDOIHOORZVKLS ࡢᨭ᥼ࡢ࠶ࡿᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ㝔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᵓ᝿ࡣࠊࢪࣙ࢖ࣥࢺࣛ࣎ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ຠᯝⓗ࡟⤫ྜࡉࢀࢀࡤ᭱ࡶᑗ᮶ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊ´MRLQWJUDGXDWHWUDLQLQJ´࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ྡ⛠ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ᪉ࡀⰋ࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡢ⤒㦂࡛ࡣࠊ´VXSHUYLVLRQ´࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣགྷ௓࡞≧ἣࢆᣍࡃゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞⤒㦂࠿ࡽゝࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫ඲⯡࡟ゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ኱Ꮫࣞ࣋ࣝ
࡛ࡢពᛮỴᐃ࡟᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡾࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋணᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫ㝔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤ጞ࡟࡞ࡐ࠶࡜  ᖺ㸦 ᖺ㸧࠿࠿ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ୙ᛮ㆟࡟ᛮ࠺ࠋ
࣭ࢸࢽࣗ࢔ไࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡟࡝ࡢ኱Ꮫࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡶ㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡿ័⩦࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋ㈨※ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ
⚾ࡀ᥎ዡࡍࡿࡢࡣⱝ࠸እᅜே◊✲⪅ࢆࡼࡾ㛗ᮇࡢ࣏ࢫࢻࢡ࡛ᡓ␎ⓗ࡟⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛࢝ࢠ࡜࡞ࡿせᅉࡣࠊࡇࡢ኱Ꮫࢆ༞ᴗࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿࢳࣕࣥࢫࡢ࠶ࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡞㛤࠿ࢀࡓ㞠⏝ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࠙'U.ULHQJNUDL%RRQOHUW87KDLࠚᮏഃ㠃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣ኱ኚ༳㇟࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊୡ
⏺ࢡࣛࢫࡢୖࢆ⾜ࡃྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆᡂࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ⣽࠿࠸ᥦ᱌஦㡯ࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ   ವࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᅜෆࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࡟ㄽᩥᢞ✏ࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅࡟ࠊ࠸࠿࡟
,6,6FRXSV ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟㍕ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ㄽᩥᢞ✏ࢆዡບࡍࡿ࠿

ವேᩥ♫఍⛉Ꮫ⣔ࡢ◊✲⪅࡬ࡢୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽᩥᢞ✏ዡບࢆ࡝࠺㐍ࡵࡿ࠿― 12 ―

 7RSLF(QKDQFLQJHGXFDWLRQDOLQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQIRUDOOVWXGHQWV࠙3URIHVVRU)XPLR62KXFKLࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࡟ࡣᏛ⏕ࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᡭẁࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㛗࠸⵳✚ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㏻ࡾࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢᾏእὴ㐵࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣୖ᪼ഴྥࢆぢࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᩍ⫱ᅜ㝿໬ࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿ᭷ຠ࡞᪉ἲ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
࣭ᅜෆᏛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿໬࡬ࡢ㞀ቨࡢ୍ࡘࡣእᅜㄒࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕⱥㄒ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ⮬㌟ࡢ⤒㦂
࠿ࡽ㏙࡭ࢀࡤࠊࠕ▷ᮇ␃Ꮫࠖࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡬ࡢཧຍࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⱥㄒ࡬ࡢ㞀ቨࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋㅮ⩏⫈ㅮ࡞࡝ࢆక࠺▷ᮇࡢ␃Ꮫ⤒㦂ࡣࠕ⮬ಙࠖ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠕ㛗ᮇࠖࡢ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᾏእ኱Ꮫ㝔㐍Ꮫ࡬ࡢᕼᮃࢆࡶႏ㉳ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣࠊ஺᥮␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛཧຍᏛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕ 㸣ࡀ 6$3 ⤒㦂⪅࡜࠸࠺ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡶ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋၥ㢟ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᮾ໭኱Ꮫ⏕࡟ࠖಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ࠙ᑠ㔝ᑎṇ ྲྀ⥾ᙺ఍㛗ࠚ࣭඲Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿᅜ㝿໬ࡣࠊ▷ᮇ␃Ꮫ࡜ࠊཷࡅධࢀ␃Ꮫ⏕࡜ࡢ஺ὶࡀ୺࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜࡶ┠ⓗ࡜┠ᶆࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡀ᪥ᮏே௨እ࡜✚ᴟⓗ࡟஺ὶ࡛ࡁࡿ௙⤌ࡳࡸࠊ
3%/ ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࠊ┦ᡭᰯࡢᏛ⏕࡜ඹ࡟ࡑࡢᅜࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ௙⤌ࡳࠊ⥲ྜ኱Ꮫࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ࡚ࠊᩥ⣔࣭⌮⣔ΰྜ୍࡛ࡘࡢㄢ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࠊᏛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ఱ➼࠿ࡢࠕẼ௜ࡁࠖࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿ௙⤌ࡳࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
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࠙3URIHVVRU5LFKDUG-DPHVࠚ࣭ࡇࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡࡣᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ㞴ゎࡔࡀࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿศ㔝ࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ௨ୗࡢⅬ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ὴ㐵␃Ꮫࡢ኱ᖜ࡞ᘬࡁୖࡆ࡜ࡇࢀࢆࢥ࣮ࢫ࡜⤫ྜⓗ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜

௝ྎ࡟⥅⥆ⓗ࡟᮶ࡿ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ᘬࡁୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜

␃Ꮫ⏕࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㠃ಽぢࡢࡼ࠸ࠊࡋ࠿ࡶᏛ⾡ⓗ࡞ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ⱥㄒ࡛ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᩘࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜

እᅜேᩍဨࡸࡇࢀࡽࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿᩍ⫋ဨࡢᩘࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜

┿࡟ࠕᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞せ⣲࡟‶ࡕࡓ࣒ࠖ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆᅜෆᏛ⏕ࡢࡓࡵ࡟సࡿࡇ࡜࣭㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫ⏕ࡀᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࢆ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟
ࡣ౛࠼ࡤࠊᾏእ⤒㦂ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ῝࠸࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡞࡝ࡀ㛵ࢃࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࣭ᅜ㝿ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿព㆑ࡸᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞➇தຊࡀ㧗࠸༞ᴗ⏕ࡢ౯್ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊ⏘ᴗ⏺
ࡸࣅࢪࢿࢫ⏺ࡢཧ⏬ࡣ኱ኚ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣᩍ⫱ᅜ㝿໬ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫእࢫ
ࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡴດຊࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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― 13 ―

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࠙3URIHVVRU0DULH3LHUUH)DYUHࠚ
࣭´,QWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQDWKRPH´࡜ࡣࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ࠕ࡜ࠖእᅜேᩍဨࠕ࡜ࠖᅜ㝿ᛶࡢ㧗࠸⫋ဨ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࠶ࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭Ꮫ⏕ࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡣಁ㐍ࡍ࡭ࡁࠋᙼࡽࡣᑗ᮶ࠊᾏእ࡛ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࢔ࣥࣂࢧࢲ࣮࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
࣭ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢඹ㏻ࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤྛ㒊ᒁࡀࡸࡀ࡚ࡑࢀࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
࣭Ꮫ⏕ࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊᏛ⾡ୖࡢඹ㏻ㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୧኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀ
ࡓ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࣭࢔ࢢ࣮࣓ࣜࣥࢺࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㏻ᖖࡣ༠ᐃ࡟᫂グࡉࢀࡿࠋᩍဨࡣ
ࡑࡢ࢔ࢢ࣮࣓ࣜࣥࢺࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
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࠙3URIHVVRU+DUDOG)XHVVࠚ࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢᩘࠎࡢᩍ⫱ᅜ㝿໬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊḟ࡟ࣇ࢛࣮࢝ࢫࡍ࡭ࡁࡣ  ࠿᭶࠿ࡽ ᖺ㛫ࡢࡼࡾ㛗ᮇࡢ⁫ᅾ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⏕஺᥮࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢᮇ㛫ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࢆᾏእ࡬ࡢ᪑⾜ࢆ▷ᮇⓗ࡞ఇᬤ࠿ࡽࡼࡾ┿๢࡞ᩥ໬ⓗ࣭Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࢖࣐࣮ࢪࣙࣥ࡬࡜ࢩࣇࢺࡉࡏࡿᮇ㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀᏛ఩ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟᫬㛫ࢆ↓㥏࡟ࡏࡎ༢఩஫᥮ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆస
ࡾࠊᾏእᥦᦠᰯࡢᏛ⾡ⓗ㉁࡬ࡢಙ㢗ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ ኱Ꮫᙜࡓࡾ  ྡ࡜࠸࠺ᑠࡉ࡞
஺᥮ᩘࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࠊ㑅ᢤࡋࡓ┦ᡭ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢ஺᥮ᩘࡣࡶࡗ࡜ቑࡸࡍ࡭ࡁ㸦ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ
㛵ಀᛶࢆᣢࡘ኱Ꮫ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㈈ᨻⓗ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࡶඃඛⓗ࡟௜ࡅࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣭௒ᚲせ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊⱥㄒᏛ⩦ࡢᥦ౪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᒎ㛤ࠊࡲࡓࡣ࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡢ⤒㦂࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡣ⮬ศࡢ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾ
▱ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿពḧࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀእᅜㄒ⬟ຊࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋⱥ
ㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ⛉┠ࡢᥦ౪㸦ᚲಟ㸧࡟ࡼࡾࠊⱥㄒᤵᴗࡣ␃Ꮫ⏕㸦ᙼࡽࡣࡼࡃࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡀᩍᐊ࡟࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺୙‶ࢆࡶࡘ㸧ࡔࡅࡀ࡜ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢᡓ␎ⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸸᪤Ꮡࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ᑐ㇟ࡢᑠつᶍ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
࡛ⱥㄒຊᙉ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶᑗ᮶ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ◊✲ᐊࡸ ,7 ⛉┠࡟ᙉㄪⅬࢆ⨨ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ⱥㄒࢆᩍᤵゝㄒ࡜ࡍࡿᏛ㒊ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ OLEHUDODUWV ࡢᏛ㒊ࢆసࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ
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࠙'U.ULHQJNUDL%RRQOHUW87KDLࠚᩍ⫱ࡢᅜ㝿໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣ኱ኚⰋ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ⿵㊊ⓗ࡞ᥦ᱌஦㡯ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ  ࢫ࣒࣮ࢫ࡟༞ᴗ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࡢ༢఩஫᥮ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆ࠸࠿࡟ࡉࡽ࡟ຠᯝⓗ࡟ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ࠿  Ꮫෆࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㒊ᒁ࣭㒊⨫࡟³,QWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ '1$´ ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠿  ẕㄒࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍᤵゝㄒ࡜ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅜ㝿໬ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ࠿  ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚␃Ꮫ⏕࡜ᅜෆᏛ⏕ࢆ࠸࠿࡟஺ὶࡉࡏࡿ࠿
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― 14 ―
 2WKHULVVXHV࠙ᑠ㔝ᑎṇ ྲྀ⥾ᙺ఍㛗ࠚ࣭኱Ꮫᅜ㝿໬ࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶྛ኱Ꮫ㢮ఝࡢ᪋⟇ࡀከ࠸ࠋᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ఱ࠿≉ᚩࡢ࠶ࡿ᪋⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
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࠙3URIHVVRU5LFKDUG-DPHVࠚᮾ໭኱Ꮫᇳ⾜㒊࡟࠾࠸᳨࡚ウࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ஦㡯࣭ᅜ㝿໬ࡢ᫂☜࡞┠ⓗࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
᭱㏆࡛ࡣከࡃࡢ኱Ꮫࡀᅜ㝿໬ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௒࡛ࡣᅜ㝿໬ࡣ࠶ࡾࡩࢀࡓᚿᮃ࡛࠶ࡾ୺
せ࡞┠ⓗ࡜ࡉࢀࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝୙ၥࡢ஦㡯࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᅜ㝿໬࡜ࡣఱࢆព࿡
ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤ᭕᫕࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜ㝿໬ࡢព࿡࡟ࡣከࡃࡢ஦㡯ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ
ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣࠊᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ṇ☜࡟ࡣఱࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡘࡶࡾ࡞ࡢ࠿㸽࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ᅜ㝿໬ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡼࡾⰋ࠸኱Ꮫ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿㸽࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀኚ㠉࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿㸽ᅜ㝿໬ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢᅜෆⓗࠊᆅᇦⓗᙺ๭ࡸ఩⨨࡙ࡅࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᅜ㝿໬ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡢ࠿㸽཯ᑐ࡟ࠊ௒ᚋࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᅜ㝿໬࡟ኻᩋࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮾ໭኱ᏛࡢⓎᒎࢆไ㝈ࡋࠊ◊✲ࠊᩍ⫱ࠊ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࡇࢀࡽࡣ⡆༢࡞ၥ࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢᅜ㝿໬ࡢṇ☜࡞┠ⓗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࡸỴᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶேⓗ࡟ࡣࠊࡼࡾ⤫ྜⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡢᩥ᭩ࢆぢࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊ┠ᶆࠊᙺ๭ࠊ㈐௵ࠊ⾜ືᑐ㇟࡜ᐃ᪉ἲࡀᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ᭩ࡣࠕᙜ஦⪅ࠖ㸦RZQHUVKLS㸧ព㆑ࢆᏛෆ඲
య࡟ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࠋ࣭ᅜ㝿໬ࡢ㐍ᒎࢆ ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿໬ࢆᐃࡍࡿ NH\SHUIRUPDQFHLQGLFDWRUV ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ࡿ᭱㐺࡞ᣦᶆࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡤࡋࡤࡑࢀࡽࡣ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺࡸࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ

ࡿࡶࡢࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࠊ࢔࢘ࢺ࣒࢝ࡸ࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺ࡟Ḟࡅࡿࠋ ᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣࡑࡢᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡢせ⣲࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㠀ᖖ࡟᫂☜࡞ࠊྍ⬟࡞㒊ศࡣ㔞ⓗ࡞ࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵ
ࢺࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀពࢆᡶ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ኱ኚ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᫂☜࡞ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡣ࢔࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡸሗ࿌ࠊࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟㛵㐃௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚タᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ᩍ⫋ဨ࡜Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㛵ᚰࠊཧ⏬ࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠖࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ṇ┤࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊከࡃࡢᏛ⏕ࡸᩍ⫋ဨࡣᅜ㝿໬࡟ࡑࢀ࡯࡝㛵ᚰࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᅜ㝿໬࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⇕ᚰ࡞ᥦၐ⪅ࡣ࠸࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᕼᮃࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ኱㒊ศࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕࣃ࢖
࢜ࢽ࢔ࠖ࡟኱Ꮫࡣ౫Ꮡࡋࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱Ꮫෆࡢࡼࡾከࡃࡢேࠎࡀ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽᅜ㝿໬ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟㡰ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡬ࡢẼ௜ࡁࡀḟࡢㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࡟ᑐࡋ
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― 15 ―

ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊᅜ㝿໬ࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ㧗ࡵࠊᅜ㝿໬ࡢࣅࢪࣙࣥࡸࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᗈࡃఏ
࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢࠕᕷሙ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࠖ PDUNHWLQJFDPSDLJQ  ࢆᏛෆ࡛ᒎ㛤࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ኚ㠉࡜㡰ᛂ࡬ࡢᩥ໬ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
┿ࡢᅜ㝿໬ࡣ⥭ᙇࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᅜ㝿໬ࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢᩥ໬ࠊ౯್ほࠊᮇᚅࡸ⪃࠼࡟␲࠸ࢆᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣ௒ᚋࡢᅜ㝿໬࡛⏕ࡌࡿࡣࡎࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫࡸ㈇ᢸ࡟ᑐࡋᩄឤ࡟ࠊ཯ᛂⓗ࡟࡞ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡣᅜ㝿໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅධࢀࠊࡑࢀ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ኚࢃࡿ⏝ពࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㸽࣭ᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ࡜࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ´ᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿせᅉ HQDEOHU ´ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜  ᭶ࡢ఍㆟࡛ࡣࠊᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡢ඲యⓗ࡞ᐇ᪋࡜ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢆ㐠Ⴀ⤫ᣓࡍࡿࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡
ࢡࢆ᏶඲࡟ࡣ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋྛ✀ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸᩍ⫋ဨࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆᡂຌ⿹࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳㄪᩚࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫෆࡢࠕ௙⤌ࡳࠖ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࠊ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᵓ㐀࡜㈈ᨻⓗ࡞せᅉ㸧ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᭷┈࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
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࠙3URIHVVRU0DULH3LHUUH)DYUHࠚ࣭⤌⧊ᅗࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡑࢀࡣࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࠊᏛෆእࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ
࡚⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭୰ኸ⤌⧊࡜ྛ㒊ᒁࡢ࣮࢟࡜࡞ࡿ㐃⤡ඛࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
࣭ࠕ◊✲➨୍ࠖࡣᙜ↛㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ࢚ࣥࣉࣟ࢖࢔ࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡶྠᵝ࡟୺せ࣑ࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡾࠊ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡿ࡭ࡁⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣ⏘ᴗ⏺࠿ࡽࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࢻ
ࣂࢵࢡࡀ኱ኚ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ㐪࠺௙⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢⅬࡣ௒ᚋ㸦᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ㸧㐍ᒎࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
࣭ྠ❆఍ࡶࡲࡓ୺せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍᶵ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭⫋ဨࡢࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡶᅜ㝿໬ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿ᪉⟇ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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࠙3URIHVVRU+DUDOG)XHVVࠚ࣭᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠕᅜ㝿໬ࠖࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤࠕⱥㄒࢆヰࡍࡇ࡜ࠖࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ࢝ࢠ࡜࡞ࡿㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ◊✲࡜ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ඲యⓗ࡞㉁ࡢྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᅜ㝿໬ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ༢࡟␃Ꮫ⏕ࡸእᅜே◊✲⪅ࡢᩘࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ࡜ࡀࢦ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡣࡎࡣ࡞
ࡃࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⌮᝿ⓗ⎔ቃࢆసࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀୡ⏺ࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᮾ໭኱
Ꮫࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪉ྥᛶࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟ㄪᩚ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞◊✲኱Ꮫࡀࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟➇தຊࢆᣢࡘ኱Ꮫ࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡿࠋ
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࠙'U.ULHQJNUDL%RRQOHUW87KDLࠚ
࣭኱Ꮫࡣୡ⏺ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡢࡓࡵ࡟㐠Ⴀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡟ࡏࡼࠊୡ⏺ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࡟࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ࠿ࡣࠊ⪃៖࡟್ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦౛㸸6FRSXVSXEOLFDWLRQ6FRSXV&LWDWLRQ$FDGHPLFDQG― 16 ―

5HVHDUFKUHSXWDWLRQVFRUHV ࣇࣝࢱ࢖࣒ࡢᅜ㝿Ꮫ⏕࡜ᩍ⫋ဨࠊ⏘ᴗ⏺࠿ࡽࡢ㈨㔠⋓ᚓ ➼  ࣭㈈ᨻⓗ࡞㐠Ⴀࡢၥ㢟ࠋᨻᗓࣇ࢓ࣥࢻ࡜⮬ᕫ཰ධ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⥔ᣢᑐ⟇ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿
࣭ࣇ࢓࢝ࣝࢸ࢕࣭ࢹ࢕࣋ࣟࢵࣉ࣓ࣥࢺࡣᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢ୺せᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦౛㸸ᩍ⫋ဨࡢⱥㄒ㐠⏝⬟ຊࡢྥୖࠊ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ฟ∧࣭ㄽᩥᢞ✏άືࠊ◊✲ᨭ᥼ࠊᩍ⫱Ꮫ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖
ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࠊᩍ⫋ဨ࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈ ࣭኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆಶࠎࡢ◊✲⪅ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ࡲ࡛ⴠ࡜ࡋ㎸ࡴ᪉⟇࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿㸽㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᅜ㝿࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡀࡑࡢᡬࢆ㛤ࡅࡿᙺ๭ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᩍ
⫋ဨࡀࡑࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧࣭༠ᐃ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ኟᏘఇᬤ୰࡟୍࠿᭶ࡢᅾእ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣྍ⬟࠿㸽ࡇࢀࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠ◊✲ㄽᩥࡸฟ∧ࠊᘬ⏝ㄽᩥ࡬ࡢ㈉⊩࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ
࣭Ꮫ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᶵ఍ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࡽቑࡸࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
࠿㸽ࡲࡓࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ஺᥮␃Ꮫ⏕࡟ࡑࢀࢆᚲಟ໬ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣྍ⬟࠿㸽࣭ᇶ♏◊✲࡜ᛂ⏝◊✲ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿ࡟ࡣ㸽࣭኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡸ⊂⮬ᛶ㸦8QLTXHQHVV㸧ࢆ☜❧࣭⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸽࣭ ୡ⣖ᆺࢫ࢟ࣝࡸ 81(6&2 ࡢ 6XVWDLQDEOH*RDOV ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕୡ⏺ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰ஦ࠖࢆᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢ
ᅜ㝿ᡓ␎࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

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Things we have achieved so far: The outline of internationalization at Tohoku UniversitydŚŝŶŐƐǁĞŚĂǀĞĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚƐŽĨĂƌ͗KƵƚůŝŶĞŽĨdŽŚŽŬƵhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇĂŶĚƚŚĞ'ůŽďĂůsŝƐŝŽŶ
dŽŚŽŬƵhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ
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&ĂĐƚƐĂŶĚĨŝŐƵƌĞƐ
17,845207 UniversityǦlevel
10 Faculties
International
Students
16 GraduateSchools
Agreementsbetween
6 ResearchInstitutes 35 Countries&Regions
1,989
International
4.08Million
Students
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FacultyRatio
411 DepartmentǦlevelInternational
4 OverseasOffices
Agreementsbetween
12 Liaisonoffices
52 Countries&Regions&ŝǀĞнŶĞǁĐĂŵƉƵƐĞƐŝŶ^ĞŶĚĂŝ

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― 42 ―

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2.BroadperspectivedŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽůŽŽŬĂƚƚŚŝŶŐƐĨƌŽŵĂŵƵůƚŝĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶĂůƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞĂŶĚŵĂŬĞĂũƵĚŐĞŵĞŶƚďǇǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ

3.ProblemidentifyingandproblemsolvingdŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽŝĚĞŶƚŝĨǇǁŚĞƌĞƉƌŽďůĞŵƐĞǆŝƐƚĨƌŽŵĂŵƵůƚŝͲĨĂĐĞƚĞĚ͕ďƌŽĂĚƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞ͕ŵĂŬĞĞĂƌŶĞƐƚĞĨĨŽƌƚƐƚŽƌĞƐŽůǀĞƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ͕ĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƚĞĂŶĞǁƐŝƚƵĂƚŝŽŶŽƌǀĂůƵĞ

4.CrossǦcultural/internationalunderstandingdŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĂŶĚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƚŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌǇĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĞŽĨŽƚŚĞƌĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂŶĚƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͕ǁŚŝůĞŚĂǀŝŶŐĂŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞŚŝƐƚŽƌǇĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚƌĞƚĂŝŶŝŶŐĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŝĚĞŶƚŝƚǇĂƐĂ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů

5.Communication^ŬŝůůƐŚŝŐŚĞŶŽƵŐŚƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌƐ͖ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ͖ĂŶĚǁƌŝƚŝŶŐĂďŝůŝƚǇ

6.LeadershipdŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽƚĂŬĞĂůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƌŽůĞŝŶƉƌŽĂĐƚŝǀĞůǇƌĞƐŽůǀŝŶŐͬŽǀĞƌĐŽŵŝŶŐƉƌŽďůĞŵƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂĚĞĞƉĞƌůĞǀĞůŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ

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TypeB:“GlobalTractionType”ĨŽƌŝŶŶŽǀĂƚŝǀĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚŝĞƐƚŚĂƚůĞĂĚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝǌĂƚŝŽŶŽĨ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͕ďĂƐĞĚŽŶĐŽŶƚŝŶƵŽƵƐŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĞĨĨŽƌƚƐ

Ϯ― 51 ―

7RS*OREDO8QLYHUVLW\3URMHFW
Results of selection in 2014: Type A “Top Type”,ŽŬŬĂŝĚŽhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ
hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨdƐƵŬƵďĂ
dŽŬǇŽDĞĚŝĐĂůĂŶĚĞŶƚĂůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

TohokuUniversity“GlobalInitiative”

dŽŬǇŽ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ

dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽĨdŽŬǇŽ

tĂƐĞĚĂ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ
<ĞŝŽhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ
EĂŐŽǇĂhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ
<ǇŽƚŽhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

<ǇƵƐŚƵhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

KƐĂŬĂhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

EĂƚŝŽŶĂů
WƌŝǀĂƚĞ

,ŝƌŽƐŚŝŵĂhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

ϯ

7RS*OREDO8QLYHUVLW\3URMHFWAssessment phases

2017First
MidͲterm
Review

Positive
adjustmentoftheuniversityplanavailable

2024
ExͲpostEvaluation

2020
SecondMidͲterm
Reviewϰ― 52 ―

:KDWLV7RKRNX·V´*OREDO,QLWLDWLYHµ"
TohokuUniversityGlobalVisiondŚĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇĂƐĂĨĞůůŽǁƐŚŝƉŽĨŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕ŽƉĞŶƚŽƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͕ǁŚĞƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞŐĂƚŚĞƌ͕ůĞĂƌŶ͕ĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƚĞ͘
7RKRNX8QLYHUVLW\*OREDO,QLWLDWLYH/ŶǀĞƐƚŝŶŐŝŶŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂƐĂǁŽƌůĚͲĐůĂƐƐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ
ͲWƵƌƐƵŝŶŐŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůĞǆĐĞůůĞŶĐĞŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚͲ^ǇŶĞƌŐǇ

Reformin
Education

Strengthening
ResearchAbilitiesƵƚƚŝŶŐͲĞĚŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ

ReforminEducationandResearchwithInternationalizationInitiatives
ϱ

7RKRNX8QLYHUVLW\·V*OREDO,QLWLDWLYH

Numericalgoalssetforthe“GlobalInitiative”plan(extract)
2016

2019

2023

/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ

Ϯ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϴϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƐƚƵĚǇŝŶŐĂďƌŽĂĚƚŽĞĂƌŶĐƌĞĚŝƚƐ
&ŽƌĞŝŐŶͲŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚǇĨĂĐƵůƚǇŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ĂŶĚƌĞŐƵůĂƌĨĂĐƵůƚǇŵĞŵďĞƌƐǁŚŽŚĂǀĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚĚĞŐƌĞĞƐĂďƌŽĂĚ
WĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂƚŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůũŽŝŶƚ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͗KƵƚďŽƵŶĚ
WĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂƚŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůũŽŝŶƚĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͗/ŶďŽƵŶĚ
WƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶďĞĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐŽŶůǇŶŽŶͲ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐ

ϲϬϬϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϬϬϵϯϯϵϵϱ ϭ͕Ϭϴϴ

Ϯϱ

ϱϬ

ϭϬϬ

ϲϬ

ϭϮϬ

ϮϬϬ

Ϯϲ

ϯϱ

ϰϯ
ϲ

― 53 ―

7RKRNX8QLYHUVLW\·V*OREDO,QLWLDWLYH

UniversityreformfortheaimsofTGIŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚ
RI*OREDO1HWZRUNLQJĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶĂůZĞĨŽƌŵ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ

^ǇŶĞƌŐǇŽĨZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚ'ƌĂĚƵĂƚĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶϳ

TopicsforDiscussionŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨ'ůŽďĂůEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ

Topic1: Strategicglobal
networkingforeffectiveinternationalization

Number of
Cited Papers^ǇŶĞƌŐǇŽĨZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚ'ƌĂĚƵĂƚĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶĂůZĞĨŽƌŵ
dŚƌŽƵŐŚ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ

Topic2: Synergeticeffectsofcollaborationbetweenresearchandgraduateeducation
Topic3: Enhancingeducationalinternationalizationforall
students

― 54 ―

Strategic global networking for eﬀective internationalization

Strategic Global Networking for Effective
Internationalization

Tohoku University International Advisory Board 2016

1

Strategies of Global Networking
I. Exchange Agreements
II. Overseas Offices and Liaison Offices
III. Strategic Partnership
IV. Consortia with World’s Top Universities2― 55 ―

I. Exchange Agreements
Tohoku University’s Academic Exchange Agreements

209

institutions

in

36

Countries/regions
3

I. Exchange Agreements
Japan

Tohoku University

Student Mobility in the past 3 years(Exchange base)
650
514
454
424
351
269

Incoming
2013

Tohoku University International Festival― 56 ―

2014

Outgoing
2015II. Overseas Offices and Liaison Offices
RussiaO f f i ce

China
O f f i ce

RussiaO f f i ce
S i b e ria
Branch4

ThailandO f f i ce

Overseass Offices and

12

Liaison Offices

II. Overseas Office (1)China
Officesince 2007
in Beijing

Activities
9 Networking Chinese Scholars and Professors
who studied at Tohoku University (Tohoku
University's Alumni in China)
9 Providing information on student recruitment
and admission system to higher education
9 Support of promotion of Tohoku’s FGL
program at top high schools in China
9 Support office for researchers exchange― 57 ―

II. Overseas Office (2)RussiaOfficesince 2010
in Moscow

Activities
9 PR function in Russia about Tohoku and otherJapanese universities
9 Liaising Russian students who want to study in
Tohoku and other universities in Japan
9 Supporting researchers and students of Tohoku
who want to study and research in Russia,
including M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University
9 Exploring study and researchseaarch opportunities
opportunities inin
RussiaII. Overseas Office (3)RussiaOfficeSiberia
Branchsince 2010
in Novosibirsk

Activities
9 Providing similar activities with a Moscow
branch in the Siberia region
9 Promoting academic exchange between
Tohoku University and Russian Academy of
Sciences Siberian Branch― 58 ―

II. Overseas Office (4)Actions and future plans

Thailand
Officesince 2016
in Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok

9 PR function in Thailand
9 Collaborative development of student
exchange programs with partner universitiesin Thailand
9 Admission venue of the FGL Program for Thai
students
9 Establishment of Tohoku Alumni of Thailand
and its support

II. Overseas Offices and Liaison Offices
IInternationalnternation
Joint
LLaboratories
Name

Established Date

Research Themes

ElyTMax
Joint Lab between
France and Japan

1st January, 2016

Materials and Systems under
Extreme Conditions

TOP-MASS
Joint Lab with Universityof Science andTechnology Beijing

17th November,
2016

Materials Performance andReliability in Service― 59 ―

III. Strategic PartnershipIII. Strategic Partnership (1)with the University of Melbourne
Objective
To increase cooperation between the University ofhing ,
hing
Melbourne and Tohoku University through teaching,research and engagement such as:
Joint research activities
Exchange of academic staff and resources
Student exchange for study and research
Co-organization and participation in postgraduate
programs

Actions in 2016
Melbourne-Tohoku University Day
Research Workshop in Materials Science
Professional Development Training Program
Discussion for future academic collaboration― 60 ―

III. Strategic Partnership (2)with the University of Washington

IV. Consortia with World’s Top Universities

AEARU
The Association of East
Asian Research Universities

APRU
Association of Pacific Rimm
Universities

HeKKSaGOn
The Japanese-German
University Consortium

T.I.M.E.
Top
op IIndustrial Managers
for Europe

RENKEI
Japan-UK Research andfoorr
Education Network formyKnowledge Economy
Initiatives

14― 61 ―

IV. Consortia with World’s Top Universities

AEARU

The Association of East
Asian Research Universities

Membershipsince 1998

9 To form a forum for the presidents of leading research-oriented universities
in East Asia
9 18 prestigious universities from Japan, China, Hong Kong, South Korea andTaiwan9 The following activities were hosted by Tohoku University:
Research Workshop on-Advanced Materials (May, 2002)-Advanced Materials (November, 2009, collaborated with POSTEC and Nanjing University)-Web Technology and Computer Science (September, 2016)
Student Summer Camp (July-August, 2002)

Symposium on“Collaborations with Industry, City, and Public: Our Dreams towards
International Industry-Academia-Government Cooperation” (March, 2008)
8)

Annual General Meeting and Board of Directors Meeting

IV. Consortia with World’s Top Universities

APRU

Association of Pacific
Rim Universities

Membershipsince 2008

9 Established in 1997 to develop a premier alliance of research universities as anadvisory body to international organizations, governments and business on thedevelopment of science and innovation as well as on the broader developmentof higher education. The vision now encompasses focusing new knowledge on
the global challenges affecting the region.
9 Member universities are 45 from the Pacific rim countries
9 Tohoku University has taken a leading position especially in Key Initiative C:
Multi-Hazards Programgsince 2011.
APRU

MultiHAZARDSPROGRAM
Need for scientific contribution
in disaster risk reduction (DRR)― 62 ―

IV. Consortia with World’s Top Universities

HeKKSaGOn
The Japanese-German
University Consortium

Membershipsince 2010

9 The
The German-Japanese
German-JJapanese University
Uniivers Network established in 2010 as a foundation tofurther develop international cooperation and exchange of ideas in education,
research and innovation fields to further advance science, technology, industry
and culture between member universities.
9 Heidelberg, Kyoto, KIT, Tohoku, Göttingen and Osaka are the member universities
9 Tohoku University hosted the fourth Presidents’ Conference in 2015 as well asassumed a Chair and Co-Chairs of the Workshop
Meeting in 2016 of five research fields.
9 Three Tohoku graduate students participated thefirst Students’ Workshop in 2016 conference

IV. Consortia with World’s Top Universities

RENKEI
Japan-UK Research and
Education Network forKnowledge Economy
Initiatives

Membershipsince 2012

9 a new platform launched in 2010 for a dynamic partnership between the UK andJapan in industry and higher education with 6 + 6 universities of both countries
9 EVP Ueki is a member of representatives meeting with the other three seniorleaders from Kyoto University, UCL and the University of Southampton
9 Tohoku University played host to the Workshop “Understanding Global
Challenges through Collaborative Research and Fora”
Fora in 2015

― 63 ―

IV. Consortia with World’s Top Universities

T.I.M.E.
Top Industrial Managers
for Europe

Membershipsince 2007

9 EstablishedEstablished inin 1989
1989 andand now being as a network of 53 technical and engineering
universities and institutions from around the world
9 Tohoku University joined T.I.M.E. in 2007 as the two of first universities from Asia
region with Keio University
9 Tohoku played host to the General Assemblyin 2015 to introduce the university’s intention of
duaate programs
proggrams
promoting Double Degree graduate
in science and engineering forr
promising students

Summaryryy- Strengths
1. Gradually see actual effects of international partnershipagreements in increasing student mobility
2. Strategic partnership is successful in inviting
engagement of different stakeholders in Tohoku(researchers, students, senior leaders, internationalization
experts and administrative staff) under a single
partnership scheme
3. Has used some of international consortia to promote
Tohoku’s excellence in specific research fields andresearcher and student exchange by initiatives of leading
researchers and senior leaders― 64 ―

Challenges
1. How can we strategically utilize overseas offices
and liaison offices?
2. How can we maximize the effect of international
consortia (AEARU, APRU, HeKKSaGOn, RENKEI, andT.I.M.E.)?
Internal Networking for Global Networking-rethinking of the means of communication between different units in Tohoku-

9 Investigating ways of linkage with faculties, schools and departments
for the purpose of delivering and collecting information between thecentral organizations and different internal units

Future Actions: Organizing internal networking
Example: Planning and Management Team for
Strategic Partnership (provisional)
Student Exchange
Administration

Action Plan Review
Administration
International
Exchange Division

Planning/
Management
Office forInternational
Initiatives

Professional Development for
Administrative Staff
Planning/
Administration
Management
Human Resources
Human Resources
and Planning Division and Planning Division

Student Exchange
Division/Instruction
Division

Planning/
Management
Global Learning
CenterInternational Exchange Division :Administration for Overseas

Research Workshop
Administration
International
Exchange Division

Planning/Management
Faculties/ResearchInstitutes

Researcher Visits
Professional Development for
Academics
Administration
Student Services
Division

Planning/Management
Center forProfessional
Development

Planning/Management
Research Promotion University Research
Division
Administration Center
Administration

Public Relations Division‫؟‬Media Contents to Overseas― 65 ―

Toward synergetic eﬀects of collaboration between cutting-edge research and international joint graduate educationdŽǁĂƌĚƐǇŶĞƌŐĞƚŝĐĞĨĨĞĐƚƐŽĨĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚŝŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶĐƵƚƚŝŶŐͲĞĚŐĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůũŽŝŶƚŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ
^ĂĚĂǇŽƐŚŝ /ƚŽ͕ǆĞĐƵƚŝǀĞsŝĐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚĨŽƌZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ
DĂƐĂŚŝƌŽzĂŵĂŐƵĐŚŝ͕ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞǆĞĐƵƚŝǀĞsŝĐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚĨŽƌ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůĨĨĂŝƌƐ

ϭdŽŚŽŬƵ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůĚǀŝƐŽƌǇŽĂƌĚϮϬϭϲdŽŚŽŬƵhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ'ůŽďĂů/ŶŝƚŝĂƚŝǀĞ
/ŶǀĞƐƚŝŶŐŝŶŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂƐĂǁŽƌůĚͲĐůĂƐƐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇͲWƵƌƐƵŝŶŐŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůĞǆĐĞůůĞŶĐĞŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚͲKďũĞĐƚŝǀĞƐ͗ϭ͘ ƌĞĂƚĞĂŶĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶĂƐĞƚŽƵůƚŝǀĂƚĞ'ůŽďĂů>ĞĂĚĞƌƐ
Ϯ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŽƵƌƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝŶĂŐůŽďĂůŝǌĞĚĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ
,Žǁ͍͗
͞ZĞĨŽƌŵŝŶĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚǁŝƚŚĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞĚĨĨŽƌƚƐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ͟tŝƚŚ>ĞĂĚŝŶŐKǀĞƌƐĞĂƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚŝĞƐ

ZĞĨŽƌŵŝŶĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ

/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů:ŽŝŶƚ'ƌĂĚƵĂƚĞWƌŽŐƌĂŵ

tŝƚŚ>ĞĂĚŝŶŐKǀĞƌƐĞĂƐZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚďŝůŝƚŝĞƐ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚŝĞƐ

^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ^ǇŶĞƌŐǇ

KƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶĨŽƌĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ^ƚƵĚǇϮ

― 66 ―

dŽŚŽŬƵhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͛ƐƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĂƐĂ'ůŽďĂů/ŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂů,ƵďƚŽĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞƌĂŝŶŝƌĐƵůĂƚŝŽŶ
^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚďŝůŝƚǇ
KƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶĨŽƌĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ^ƚƵĚŝĞƐϯ

2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU$GYDQFHG6WXGLHV 2$6/ŶŽƵƌĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĂƐĂǁŽƌůĚͲůĞĂĚŝŶŐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĐĞŶƚĞƌ͕ĐƌĞĂƚŝŶŐĂŶŽƉĞŶĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝŶǁŚŝĐŚĞǆĐĞůůĞŶƚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐǁŝůůŐĂƚŚĞƌ͘;sŝƐŝŽŶϮͿ<ĞǇƐ KǀĞƌƐĞĂƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ^ƚĂƚŝŽŶ
 &ƌŽŶƚŝĞƌZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ/ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚĞĨŽƌ/ŶƚĞƌĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐ
 &ƌŽŶƚŝĞƌ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚĞƌ ,Ƶď KƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ^ƚƵĚŝĞƐ ;K^Ϳ dŽŚŽŬƵ &ŽƌƵŵ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĂƚŝǀŝƚǇ ĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ /ŶƐƚŝƚƵƚĞ ĨŽƌ DĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ;/DZͿϰ― 67 ―

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ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŽƉƚŝŵĂů ĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ǁŽƌůĚͲĐůĂƐƐ
ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ƚŽ ŐĂƚŚĞƌ Ăƚ dŽŚŽŬƵ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƚĞ ŶŽǀĞů ŝŶƚĞƌĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ ĨŝĞůĚƐ ƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞǆŝƐƚŝŶŐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ K^ĂůƐŽ ƉůĂǇƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƌŽůĞƐ ŝŶ ďƌĂŝŶ ĐŝƌĐƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͘ϱ

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ʀůǇdͲDĂǆ͗ h͘ >ǇŽŶ͕ EZ^ʀdŽŚŽŬƵ&ŽƌƵŵĨŽƌƌĞĂƚŝǀŝƚǇ
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,ŝŐŚƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨĨŽƌĞŝŐŶƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ
ϳ

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dŚĞ&ŽƌƵŵĨŽƌƌĞĂƚŝǀŝƚǇŝƐďĂƐĞĚŝŶŽŶƚŚĞŝŵĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞ,ŽƵƐĞŽĨtŝƐĚŽŵ͘͞WĂƌƚŝĐůĞWŚǇƐŝĐƐĂŶĚŽƐŵŽůŽŐǇĂĨƚĞƌƚŚĞĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇŽĨƚŚĞ,ŝŐŐƐďŽƐŽŶ͟ĨŽƌƵŵ

ϭϬ― 70 ―

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7KHPDWLF3URJUDPV‫؞‬-XQLRU5HVHDUFK3URJUDPVϭϰ― 72 ―

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― 73 ―

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ϮϰϮϰ

― 77 ―

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Enhancing educational internationalization for all students

Enhancing Educational Internationalization
for All Students

Kimio Hanawa
Executive Vice President
for Education, Student Support and Student International Exchange

1Major events leading us tointernationalization of education
Global 30 Project (2008-2013)

Government– Internationalization of Institution
Initiatives– Setting up International Programs both at undergraduate and graduate levels

Go Global Japan (2012-2016䠅
– Fostering Global Leaders Among JapaneseStudents– Internationalization of Institution

Tohoku University Global Vision (2013)– Satomi Vision 䠇 Faculty Vision

Government
Initiatives
Institutional
Initiatives

Institute for Excellence in Higher Education
Institutional(2014䠅
Initiatives– Integrating International Perspectives into General Education

Top Global University Project (2014-2023䠅
– Raising International Competitiveness ofJapanese Higher Education– Internationalization of Institution― 84 ―

Government
Initiatives

External funding to enhance undergraduate education

ͻ Increased
English taught
classesͻ Diversified
campuscommunity

Global 30(2008-2013)
(2008

GGJ
(2012-2016䠅ͻ Increased study-abroad
participantsͻ Encouraged students tobecome “global leaders”
ͻ Intensified English/
foreign language trainingͻ Promoting
academic andculturalcompetenceͻ Building solid
foundation forbecoming leaders
in int’l community

Top Global(2014-2023)

Comprehensive Internationalization of Curriculum
3

Structure
I. Promotion of inbound mobility
II. Promotion of outbound mobility
III. Campus internationalization
IV. Summary― 85 ―

I. Promotion of Inbound Mobility
Trend in Incoming International Students䠄As of May 1 each year)

1,944

2000

1,350

1500
1000
500
0
2007

2008 20092009 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015 2016
2016

Great East Japan
Earthquake
5

Global 30: Future Global Leadership Program

English taught degree programs䠏 Undergraduate Courses inAdvanced Molecular Chemistry
International Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering
Applied Marine
Biology+
15 Graduate Courses
Slide 6

― 86 ―

G30: FGL
Numerical achievements
Number of students graduating/completing English courses
N

114

11
1
2009
2009
2
0

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015
2015

Other English taught short programs forinternational students
Program
JYPE
Exchange Programs

Junior Year Program in
English

COLABS
Cooperative Laboratory
Study Program

IPLA
International Program in
Liberal Arts

DEEP
Direct Enrollment
Education Programs

Summer
Programs

TUJP
Tohoku U Japanese
Program

TSSP

OutlineDuration

Eligibility

Lectures on Science and Engineering
Japanese language and culture classes
Research in a lab
Research presentation

2 Semesters

Undergraduatez Research in a laboratoryz Research presentation

2 Semesters

Undergraduatez Lectures on Liberal Artsz Japanese language and culture classesz Activities with Japanese students

1-2
Semesters

Graduatez Auditing classes (for undergraduates)z Research in a lab (for graduates)

1-2
Semesters

Undergraduate
and Graduate

Lectures on Japanese language, culture
and society

2 weeks

Undergraduate

Lectures on Science and Engineering

2 weeks

Undergraduate

z
z
z
z

Tohoku U Science
Summer Program8― 87 ―

Other English-taught short programs forinternational students
Number of Participants
0

20

40

60

2011

2015

80

100

JYPE
COLABSIPLA

Exchange
programs

DEEP

113ĺ232

TUJP
Summerprograms

TSSP

16ĺ86
9

Support for International Students

University House
Students from Japanand overseas live
together in the sameenvironment.

President’s
Fellowship

Provides tuition,
entrance, and test fees
for international
students of excellent
character and academic
standing.

International
Support Office

Offers various supports
for international
students andresearchers.

10― 88 ―

II. Promotion of Outbound Mobility
Our plan to change the “inward looking” mindset of young people, andcultivate a generation that can actively contribute on the global stage.

I
I
I
I
I

Internationalization of the Curriculum
Faculty Development for Global Education
Improving Foreign Language Competencies
Cultivation of Global Human Resources
Support to Promote Study Abroad Programs(2012-2014)(2014 -)
11

TGL: Tohoku Univ. Global Leader Program

Initiative
International
Competenceὺᵱᶒᶓᶂᶗᴾᵿᶀᶐᶍᵿᶂ

Language &Communication

Academic Foundation― 89 ―

Tohoku University Global Leader Program
Cultivating Global Human Resources
with 6 Key Competencies
1. Specialization
The ability to deeply understand one’s own field of study

2. Broad perspective
The ability to look at things from a multidimensional perspective and make a judgement by various criteria

3. Problem identifying and problem solving
The ability to identify where problems exist from a multi-faceted, broad perspective, make earnest efforts
to resolve the problems, and create a new situation or value

4. Cross-cultural/international understanding
The ability to understand and respect the history and culture of other countries and regions, while having
an understanding of Japanese history and culture and retaining a sense of identity as a Japanese national

5. Communication
Skills high enough to communicate with others; presentation ability; and writing ability

6. Leadership
The ability to take a leadership role in proactively resolving/overcoming problems through a deeper level ofcommunication and cooperation
13

Challenges: Obstacles of Study
dyy-abroad
FinanceFeeling insecure
Lack of lang. proficiency
Cannot graduate on time
Schedule conflict with job-hunting
Difficult to obtain info
Conflict with club or part-time job
Leaving friend's circle is difficult
Lack of support from family
OthersNo specific reason

60.7%
50.8%
45.9%
27.9%
18.0%
13.1%
9.8%
6.6%
4.9%
14.8%
13.1%
0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

Tohoku University Student Survey (2013,2014)― 90 ―

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

SAP: Study Abroad Program
Short-term overseas training programs
Statistics on SAP participants (2007-2015)

Study Abroad Programs (SAP)

Number ofParticipantsInstitutions
University of California, San Diego ίUSAὸ

81

University of California, Riverside ίUSAὸ

411

University of Hawai‘i at 0ņQRD ίUSAὸ

50

Simon Fraser University ίCanadaὸ

43

The University of Sydney ίAustraliaὸ

144

The University of New South Wales ίAustraliaὸ

94

Monash University ίAustraliaὸ

29

University of Auckland (New Zealand)

15

The University of Sheffield ίUKὸ43

The University of York ίUKὸ

60

Universität Paderborn ίGermanyὸ

44

École Centrale de Lyon (France)

18

Universidad de Alcalá ίSpainὸ

15

Chulalongkorn University ίThailandὸ

46

Foreign Trade University ίVietnamὸ

55Seoul National University ίSouth Koreaὸ

15

Gadjah Mada University ίIndonesiaὸ

17National Chengchi University ίTaiwanὸ

27

Universitas Indonesia ίIndonesiaὸ

20

Total

297

83

ί2010ὸ

Applicantsί2015ὸ

Participants

ᵐᵎᵎᵕ

ᵐᵎᵎᵖ

ᵐᵎᵎᵗ

ᵐᵎᵏᵎ

ᵐᵎᵏᵏ

ᵐᵎᵏᵐ

1,227

Outcome of SAP

%

52

24
2011

2012

33

10
2009

2010

Slide 16

― 91 ―ᵐᵎᵏᵓ

In 2015, 64% of students
who applied for exchange
programs had participated in
short-term programs.

64

26

ᵐᵎᵏᵒ

15

Proportion of SAP participants in the total
participants of exchange programs

28

ᵐᵎᵏᵑ

2013

2014

2015

III. Campus Internationalization (1)Living and learning together with students
around the GlobeClasses㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼕㼚㼓 㻠㻜 㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼍㼘㻌㼏㼛㻙㼘㼑㼍㼞㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌㼏㼘㼍㼟㼟㼑㼟㻌㼍㼟㻌㼜㼍㼞㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻸㼕㼎㼑㼞㼍㼘㻌㻱㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌

Extra-curricularInternational Dormitory㼍㼟㻌㼎㼍㼟㼑㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼘㼑㼍㼞㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌㼎㼥㻌㼘㼕㼢㼕㼚㼓㻌㻌㻌㼠㼛㼓㼑㼠㼔㼑㼞
680 rooms

17

IV. Summaryry-- Strengths
1. Has secured sufficient resources and internaland external funding to develop diverse
international programs/classes/ activities
2. Has hired talented faculty/staff to operate
and manage study-abroad and international
programs, offering students a variety ofexperiences in- and outside classrooms
3. Has obtained support from the university
administration― 92 ―

Challenges
1. Integration: How can we integrate theproject-based international programs into themainstream of undergraduate/ graduate
curriculum ?
2. Resources: How can we build a sustainableeducation system with limited financial andhuman resources?
19

Possible Future Action for Integration
9International education programs should be
discussed and decided comprehensively in theframework of regular education programs
9Administration on international students anddomestic students should be integrated by a single
officeA new system of governance and management by
involving all university staff withinternationalization of education20― 93 ―

東北大学グローバルイニシアティブ構想諮問会議（東北大学国際アドバイザリーボード）

2016 年度開催報告書
Report of the Tohoku University International Advisory Board 20162017 年 2 月

発行

東北大学国際連携推進機構〒 980-8577 仙台市青葉区片平 2-1-1
http://www.tohoku.ac.jp