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Eruption History in the Post-caldera Stage of Akita-Komagatake Volcano,
Northeastern Japan Arc : Correlation between
Eruptives Constituting Volcanic Ediﬁces and Air-fall Tephra Layers
Akihiko FUJINAWAῌ, Masayuki IWASAKIῌ, Kyoko HONDAῌ, Akemi NAGAOῌ,Takeshi WACHIῌῌ and Shintaro HAYASHIῌῌῌ
Akita-Komagatake volcano is situated at about -* km west of volcanic front in the northeastern Japan arc.
Development history of the volcano is divided into - stages ; main strato cone, syn-caldera formation, andpost-caldera eruption stages, in descending order. In order to reveal the comprehensive eruption history in the
post-caldera stage of the volcano, correlation between eruptives constituting the volcanic ediﬁces and dispersed
air-fall tephra are investigated, along with re-examining geology of the volcanic ediﬁces formed in the concurring
stage. Petrological a$nities such as whole rock major-element chemistry and mineral assemblages including
modal abundances of phenocrystic phases are utilized in identifying the contemporaneous eruptives of various
modes of emplacement. To avoid the e#ect of phenocryst-matrix separation, coarse-grained tephra samples wereselected to the whole rock chemical analysis.
The revealed outline of eruption history is as follows : Tholeiitic magmatism has been dominant through thestage, with episodic calc-alkalic magmatism at the ﬁnal activitiy in the northern region (ca. .,***ῌ-,+** y.B.P.).
Relatively large eruptions occurred at the beginning of the stage (ca. +-,*** to +*,*** y.B.P.), resulting in caldera
and probably large horse-shoe shaped crater as well, rather than forming volcanic ediﬁces. Formation of thenorthern volcanic ediﬁce began ca. +*,*** y.B.P. Five pyroclastic cones were built up successively, and subordinate lava ﬂows or pyroclastic ﬂows accompanied with them. Composition of magma was abruptly changed from
andesitic to basaltic around 2,*** y.B.P., and the basaltic volcanism lasted to 1,*** y.B.P. After ca. -,*** yearsof dormancy, phreatic explosions occurred successively, probably giving rise to horse-shoe shaped crater at thecenter of the northern area. Calc-alkali andesitic magma e#used to build up a small pyroclastic cone immediately
after the major explosion event. After ceasing the magmatism in the northern area, volcanism in the southernarea was initiated by phreato-magmatic explosion in the ﬂoor of the south caldera about ,,/** y.B.P., followed byvulcanian eruptions, lasting until ca. +,0** y.B.P. About +,/** y.B.P., eruption center was localized to two major
vents at northern part of the caldera. Repeated eruptions from the vents have built up Medake and Kodake cones
and their associated lava ﬂows. The latest eruption occurred at the summit of Medake in +31* AD.
Key words : Akita-Komagatake vocano, eruption history, tephra, basaltic volcanism, island-arc tholeiite&-+*ῌ2/+, '()*+,-./$/01234567/7
Department of Environmental Sciences, Ibaraki
University, Bunkyo, Mito -+*ῌ2/+,, Japan.
&,.-ῌ**+0 89:;<=)>?
@A@BCD%
Asia Air Survey Co. Ltd., Tamura-Cho, Atsugi ,.-ῌ**+0, Japan.

&*+*ῌ2/*, E)FG/H?
E./IJ*K/01/IL
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Educationand Human Studies, Akita University, Tegata-GakuenCho, Akita *+*ῌ2/*,, Japan.
Corresponding author : Akihiko Fujinawa
e-mail : fujinawa@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp

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abbreviations refer to those in the text and also appeared in Fig. .. Solid curves show the caldera or crater
walls, whereas the broken curve indicates the inferred location of the step on the caldera ﬂoor.

338

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4  56 78



30* m ?(  AK-+- BU AK-- Wxyz%5]' 
12A/w. (+331) 6 (+330)

+bῌ9 :+; < - km, =< +./ km >W;  , 12 ^3 BU + 12  7?@3  A 9BCDEF

b 4O 2.* m ?(a   - 12 ^7b %G4HIJ KA LEFM 46NOP &OQ%+** m RSTU'  VW6  I!X"6  YZ

4# #[+;NQ%\]' ^_ - $`a &%KA bc'T&'[()d 4CD && e*&%f8+ NQA ,56 4O

1.* m ?(a A ''

AK--AK-+ z~0+;

 /w. (+331)

4 }xy  

8 ^VEI  a G4H9: I P\M+ ~0?( G¡ "(; +¢<=

JG /w. (+331)|b £¤¥>¦§¨

+e*,';ghij3 k-l%3  ?© ª«¬ ­@mA .n"6 opq¯m°@+Jb W; ±²³´«µ8zA G

Table +.

; + ¶xy<l
Eruptive characteristics of the air-fall tephra.

% o­4#  ®¨J´dµ¶%[ ·"!V*¸ ¹gº %» : %[89¼O()*B   





  



341

t44 
AK-/ AK-. : ;+]% / cm, \t-r\t!"#$%

d%[\n9  22 

&'()*+ , AK---AK-+ .

 +-- mm %[\6./'/0123456  7 89

AK-- : Z2

3:;<= >?@A$B C D

wvtZ2%[\ L]% / cmP st8Z2%[\

EF$%G 224H

%I

-Z2%[\65 OYnL]% +*-+/ cmP rstd%[\ vtZ2%[& \ ghz\t234=9  - , - - ./g

AK-+- : J<K LM KP NOP +QR

 OYZ2

 S%T

LU! +32,P + "#"!V L+-- mm P ghst8

Z2%[\ L+-0 mm P 6./'*:9W$'%X& OY= Z2

AK-, : ]% +* cm Z2

-Z2%[\ (K-P) 

]% +** cmP Z2
4& LK,P,

 LK+P, ]% /* cmP ^_ K,P = % --,* mm  Lmm 

- Z2%[\65 , ./g  +-2 mm Z2%[\-

6./'
AK-+ : O#<st-9st8Z2%[\ j#

3 : +P 0 K+P =% +-/6`a./'

v-v\tZ2498=6  ] +/-,* cm   +-+/ mm Z2

6./'

AK-+, : '( (YP) +QR  OY=%[)AK-- AK-. {6bcd%[\ (Y-P) e*f'ghj?% , cm LAK-- O?% - cmP  q@] - cm 

5 LY,P, ] 2* cmP Z2
i (Y+P) 49

+-+* mm  - d ^_ Y,P = L

2 : ,P 6./'

>|# : - + ./ AK-. >|#4}p'  ,-1 mm B  ~7

+ A()*+./

7 B C6f' NO AK--./ AK-++ : ]% ,/ cm Z2

% +-. mm Z2

56  

6./'/ 

AK-+* : AK-++ +j]% +/ cm Z2

69  +-- mm ,Z2

5

6./



[89  D0=EF69 ' 4q+8G<H 

'

q@4 *.*/ mm, I<

AK-3 : ,( (AP) +kl - + ./0$4 f  q@K4 *.*/ mm Nj1 m 6bc]% 0* cm, OYn

36LM L]% /* cm, m 234o& *.*- mm 6J

7

7' FN9

0 : .P d%[\ EF0OO{ ,,*** PQ= g06.

 FR%T G<H S#- . %T"  + 0 uN ,/'
AK-2 : 56 (HP) +QR  ]% +1* cm -- 0FQ6f'  FRSI< - d7p  qOYrst%[\ (H-P)

S#- . %T TUV- + I<  J- , I< ujJ%T  ()*B WX' LH,P, ] /* cm, 

1:-P qjY% +** cm ]d 8i

LH+P, 0./] +- cmP 4& H,P =

Y2M¡#N96 P7nQZ' Q¢ £ @ ¤ [ \  SEM-EDS ( ¥ (JEOL-JSM /0**

% ,-,* mm, H+P =% +-/ mm 06.

LV-Oxford) 6] +/ KV, +¦+*§2 A, Q¨{ +** ^/'©ªf'%[89« M@p&¬­_f

]& 2 cm ,9std &9'w\

AK-1 : OYn ]&% 2 cm vtZ2

  ®KM`¯XC°± *.--+ mm , qt%[\4& :]% .* cm 6  OY , @ mm  #0 + cm 6J 7+B =ux vt

 L% +-- mmP ghd

Y2M `¯C°±4 *.--*./ mm , q@ L% +-. mmP 6./'+ , mm 6J ²B  ²' ³Y

AK-0 : % +-2 mm 

LabcP  q@+ *.+ mm ,B L  65

0 : .P ] 0* cm y j#m gh23s/ῌ+ 

¯°±g²³g´µ¶g*·¸g¹ ºg»¼

342

 



  +  ,  -En / .*?.0ῌ -AB ,/ Wo ( -3?.+ῌ !" #$

Mg~-uv(QD4R12 ;k 0 b= {|,)

 %&'( )*  )

( Wo-.+?-./ῌ En/1?/3./ῌ  #' +)  ,  %&'-./

m-uSRR2 ;k 0 b=

012 345 #' !"6#$ !78(  #'/ 
345 ;< ,= >(

!"

9:3

/ῌ, ῐῑ῍῏ῌ῎ῒ-( 

Oef-

,= &' !"' , /  Oefl/*?1/ ;@8= ῌ -A

U1 345 0 

B CD ( #'-.EFGH

 +) )

IJKLKMNOP/QD4R S-T-(2, ; + ' ' + '78 ' !"= !->]V W(^_`X EFG

 , &' +31* (

W/

Z ? [YZOP/\,:RU>V

X Y

;<



HIJKLKMN?EFGHabLKMNOP \,5R (X0R/ 0R;< ,=

>OP(  ,!"#$( cd

Oefg h/i2 j, ;k / lgm=
#'m-+)( nopqrFq;< ,=

U1 Oef ,( m , ;< , k .= 0 ' + '

5 (Wo) / -1?.+ (mol)ῌ  Mg῍ (+*** Mgῌ(Mgs( cFe) atomic) t-uv/QD4R wpxxFq5

j, ;k 1=

 (En) ( -3?./ (mol)ῌ-AB yz ;k 0 a= {|!UV W( Y Z?

EFGHabLKMNOP0

14

h/ i2 + m-+)( Wo, En /¡,)- Wo ( -.3ῌ En ( 0,./?1*ῌ -O5.-?./ molῌ}, ;k 0 a= ^  .

En.*ῌ £W-O5 , R ;k 0 c= {|,Table ,.

!"m-+)(},¢ Mg -O5 Wo.*?.+ῌ< , @5-¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬O5
Petrographic features and modal compositions of the eruptives constituting volcanic ediﬁces.

opx : ) cpx : +) ol :  bg :  H-P : EFGHabLKMN H-O : EFGHIJKLKMN I-G : Y Z I-S : [YZ SE : ­bFMq P-T : aHx®­LKMN
opx : orthopyroxene, cpx : clinopyroxene, ol : olivine, bg. : bearing, H-P : hyalopilitic, H-O : hyaloophitic, I-G :intergranular, I-S : intersertal, SE : seriate, P-T : pilotaxitic

±²³´ `(µ¶*·¸¢.¹°º : y&°v_»X45*ª¼ Wo- -..ῌ

343

1*ῌ 

En/2

  0 c  ! Wo-. .-ῌ En., /+ῌ ""#$  0 d % ,  &'()*)+ Mg῍, 13-*./ ./ 010 





2345*678 9:;< AK-/AK-.

=>?6.@$ABCDEF GH1 I

78 AK-+- (K+P) +, 3 2 0 -./ - ,  2 6+ ?JK L. , MNO01 PQ R - .S'
TUVWXYZ+[ 6 \]0A^_ 3
Z=> I` abcde *.- *.0 mm fg .h
Iij1. 45* klm+n>11o pq'r7.s T01 T`Jt. ,** uv

0 wxNyz{|X+}_~ F01 F1
cd}_r /+[ / 0A*;<Z cd+[ }_00 @Z+ }_cd !Ls.T+o /.A$ h .HA$$, <s     }_ =oab cdῌ"cd}_
R'¡,¢£ N¤ EFPQ+ /r ¥1/ῌ fg ,*ῌ ,I¦ //.*ῌ fg R - 

y&_

r ¥cdBCD§'
cde()*),¨©145*ª
+- 

AK-

AK-3 ;< AK-+ +« 3 ª+[  / ¬­% , &r AK-0 BCD opx :  cpx :! ol : ()*) opq :  }_Fig. /. Modal compositions of the Katakurazawa
lava ﬂow, Hokubu second pyroclastic cone andAK-0 tephra.
opx : orthopyroxene, cpx :clinopyroxene, ol : olivine, opq : opaque minerals.

 0 ®¯1y&°v_cd
Fig. 0. Chemical compositions of the phenocrystic
pyroxenes in the selected samples of theeruptives composing volcanic ediﬁces.

344

MNOP=QRST=KUVW=XYOZ=AB [=\]^_

 1 

  / 
Fig. 1. Modal compositions of the Kodake ﬁrst lava
ﬂow and the Kodake-Ohyakisuna pyroclastics.
Abbreviations refer to those in Fig. /.
5 - #$%
Table -. Modal compositions of the tephra.

K+P  AK-+- & 6789:;< H,P  AK2 &789:=>;/01 s-sc : 6789:< sc : 789:< pu : >< s-ash : 6?@
2AB=C< +331 /DE( FGHIJKL
34
K+P and H,P indicate the sandy scoria layer ofthe AK-+- and mixed pumice/scoria layers of theAK-2, respectively. s-sc : sandy scoria, sc : scoria,
pu : pumice, s-ash : scoriaceous ash (referred from
Wachi et al., +331). Detailed analytical method
is shown in the text.

 2  !"#$%&'a()d( &*+,!-! KK, HO ., HI+,KDP &'.*/01 2 0 34(Fig. 2. Chemical compositions of the phenocrystic
pyroxenes in the selected samples of the tephras.
Enveloped areas in the a) to d) indicate theconcurring phenocrystic compositions in the KK,
HO ., HI+, and KDP, respectively (see Fig. 0).

¯G°±²A )`³+¹L´ºDA» : A Dª ¼gVc+M;


 AK-+*345_Z`a`>& AK-1 AK-0  AK-+*   , b Vc+'( ()&*+d,e %F     AK-, 

G  fghi>?%j4 Vc

+C%kZ)Z- (./& l0m%n(op  ! AK-2 (H,% m 0 qrs1 t K"L%2

P) AK--./ AK-- AK-, AK-+ "  !#N$OP%uvrs1 Q% w xg# $%& AK-2 AK--./ AK--

Vc+: 8 D:dy :%E!FG

'( AK-, )*+*

 Ti&( zv{|&C8  }~3

AK-+ %  ,& AK-2 :%4T  >5 BHIJ Wo--1.-3ῌ En-.+..-ῌ 

3

 Wo--.2ῌ En-0-.0.ῌ   / & 01 2

B6C U` 0 H  Wo--3..+ῌ En-.*.

2  + : +* & +UkZ]&a2 AK--./.0ῌ   Wo--.+.-..ῌ En-/2./.

 7 RIGAKU-,1*  X ,87

0*ῌ 34 01 2 b2 AK--hs& 9C :;<.*ῌ En-.,..-ῌ Wo--0.

%5  678-.-ῌ En-.0ῌ  Mg 9:;

 Wo

 01

2 c2 < Wo  -.0..ῌ / & En

 0+.1-ῌ =%5  01 2 c2 AK-,)*+* Mg῍  12...13.- 3 AK-+

 Wo--1..../ῌ En-.,./..2ῌ =%5hbCrs1&= %> .   rs
1&¡Rq 5:¢ £ ?

¤¥ ¦§<@¨T A
1ῌ+BC©Dª « W ¬ \  ­ E 0F ® £

01 2 d2
1 

  >? @ABC3 D

%E!FG&HIJ%K"LM& #N$OP Q%RS TQ%HIJ% U
V*WU&'> X*YUV*)Z[\]^

Table ..

> . XRF ,§<
Accuracy and precision of the XRF analysis.

³ZX ·¸ 0+331 MS2 JK 0,**, MS2
Data are from Togari (+331, MS) and Saito(,**,, MS).

1 3 ¯G°±²A )`³+´Dª !B
FeO*ῌMgO-SiO, 1 Hµ1 . ¶ 
HµI Dª 
Fig. 3. Whole rock FeO*/MgO vs. SiO, for the
eruptives at the post-caldera stage of the
Akita-Komagatake
volcano. Abbreviations
refer to those in Fig. .. Italic characters imply
the eruptives of the northern volcanic ediﬁce.

ABCD,EF·¸,G¹©,HICJ, K º,L»¼M

346

Miyashiro, +31.  Gill (+32+)  low-K ¨£8©I23+j ¦?ª ;«=`¬

  3 +*   . 

. mm R ¢£8,¥£8Zy`­ Medium-K #

$% ! "&'() &'  *+  +, , () -  -.'&/

3 <'4®¯+°4 0 5 >e%`¦?

8¬ . mm

RZy% ,±. mm ?²Zy ()-.'

0 1 2345  +* a 
! . 0 6 SiO, 4 &'
7 &'8 FeO* TiO, () Na, O09 MgO  :;  +* b-d <=>?@0 ABC(DEFGH 
IJK%  LM Kawano etal., +30+ ; Fujinawa, +322

*+ NO O6P+

&/% , %0 Q 23R STUQVW
XYZ[\]^_H>3-.'0 23

&'bc de / Z[\]^_H`77a;

0 Rfg; FeO*ῌMgO Rhigj>=+  /
1ῌ, ΐ῔ῐῒ῏ῑ῕kl 0 ST8m  Miyashiro (+31.)
EFGH() Gill (+32+)  low-K !k"
#5n=  3 SiO,  /,ῌ $%1 >
0*ῌ *

 SiO, o&W23pq_r0W; .'()s' ,

0 "#

$%

  t SiO,  () FeO*ῌMgO 45
*+ Q 23R u' LM Basaltic Volcanism
Study Project, +32+ ` "#$'%(vPW;kl w>=)xig  +* a-e 0 
ABCZ[yH*z{EF
GH+ig%  LM Kawano
et al., +30+ +| SiO,  /3῍0*ῌ ,-./"} ,

 .' +31* 00~` K, O1 TiO,, FeO*, Na, O 2P;  +* a-d *+
O 2,6P+ s'%s'
%0 Q 23`ST3

+

1ῌ- ῌ῍῎

45O῍ '6  Q

23T47+j 8 1 AK-3
AK-0 Z94:6P 8-;Q 234<P+ ,n+94 . mm R , mm 
R . mm $% + mm R , mm $% + mm $% . Z
y8-'P+ Zy%`
=P <'P+ *+ AK-3 AK-0%` ¡ ¢£8 %¤

¥£8

¦§

 +* ³´l Q SiO, )x"µ0 3 %@¶
Fig. +*. Whole rock silica variation diagrams forthe eruptives at the post-caldera stage. Symbols
are same as those in Fig. 3.

³0´µ¤. ¶·¸1¹: $º : ./0$»f¼
 / +£¤¥ 7:¯° ¦§¤,9-¨©ª«¬5g9

347­ .®X X

Table /. Relationship between ﬂow sequence and whole-rock compositional variation among the Onamedakelava ﬂow at the rim of the Katakuradake crater. Arrows show the ascending order of stratigraphy.

 0 AK-3 AK-0 f/HI
$% .  ²zP*+,-\AB:$;QRSg9± QRS'

Table 0. Whole sample major element chemical compositions of the scoria, pumice and mixtures in the AK-3
and AK-0. As for the mixtures, four fractions sifted in size were separately analyzed.

 + mm a } + (]{ zP :   +, mm 

./ AK-/ :$; AK-. `Ni z 

 ! ""#$%

'N



AK-+, AK-++ :$; AK-2  N^EJ*+,-&'( )*+,- ./0

1 23-455

36 78.9 (AK-3) :$;< 9 (AK-0) => ++ +,? @ABC DE FG

HI*+,-$%JKL SiO,  M

1 2

3-45536$% CaO, Na, O, K, O N O
P #QRS QTU  VQ
RWX ""*+,-$%

1 aXr *+,-\ABQRS AK-3
0 Xt %QRS *+,-\AB~EE

 AK-1 (]P*+,- AB~E
E AK-+- AK-+* AK--./ AK--+ *+,-1S)!P
./0"# $fJ23-45%9

=> ++ -,9 AK--./  l  f+,?  YQRS $%YZ[ *+,-\

g9: % a$Or

ABQRW(]^EP_` = 0?

]E aX(] bcUdPefg9 h + mm V:Ni j῍BklNAB\*+,-N^EJ mVQ

+) $% AK-+- (] AK-+* O  SiO,  /,
/-ῌ &'< 9 SiO,  /0ῌ &'< 98.9

$

noKL&'(  &no +, mm  , mm aX++? Jpqr]E VNEsXtnou v  $wi xy h , mm aXVNiz{U|P AK--AK-+ `Ni} ,\} -  ,  ~E,)=> ++ +,? < 9( SiO, ./0$%N FeO*ῌMgO 

=>

AK-3 2 KLN FeO*ῌMgO  )

i¡P*¢

SiO,  /,/-ῌ &'< 9

 AK-3  AK-2  SiO, J®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸ ¹ º!»¼"

348/3ῌ  

  
-)

2 



2ῌ+ 

++!"AK-1 0 #$ %& ' FeO*ῌMgO () cdef + (Yg hijkl him++!" AK-1 #$ ,-./0123 SiO,

n*Vlfo()pC  JK q  ( /.ῌ 456789 :-;/<=>$

rs3tuVZ+" I , JKL GH   j

SiO,  /*ῌ 6()" AK-0 $ ./01kl vwxyz>vwI +2?()#$ SiO,  /,ῌ @AB#$ SiO, 

1!" {ZV(rs$ |Xf}~- -

*+ 

 #b+ 

//*ῌ 456()# AK-1 ;/=>C(+" I , JKL)" ./012$ ' FeO*ῌ

3I , J~f ZMgO 

' FeO* ῌ

I + JKL+" % vwxyz>v

 D()$9EF)

MgO  GH   I , JKLMN%O+".)AK--./ $ % PQ medium-K RSTSR

289() 
/)

AK--

++!" AK-- $ SiO, 3 /1ῌ 456789

 AK-, $ SiO,_/+ῌ 456 W

GwJKLjkl  }$fvw#b+" W 

vwxyz>7 3vw9EfVZ*X
$ {Z3}  vw,fA++, a!"UV AK-+ W#$ XYZ9EF)3[)+ \]^ low-K () 
+ 

wI +

GH  f }~

AK-+ $u Z+" gW ` vw} -3%O+3X"  : ,(} $DZZ %J#  *+f+}  # +"` a SiO,_/.ῌ 456789()#b

2ῌ,  

+"9EF) 

()¡n¢£f¤¥ 01

2=>@Af¦ *o();/0++" §RS¨ }o FeO*ῌMgO-SiO, " ©?$ª*9EF) ()«©" ¬­$% AK-3, AK-0! 012=>@rB@r­"
Fig. ++. Whole sample FeO*/MgO vs. SiO, for the tephra erupted at the post-caldera stage. Enveloped areas
indicate the compositional variation ranges for the representative eruptives composing volcanic ediﬁces.
Dashed lines indicate the mixing lines between the coexisting scoria, pumice and mixtures within a single
tephra layers AK-3 and AK-0, respectively.

¸J¹º¯&# PBvp»K6Q &¼ : &#$%"3!{|p0




349

     !"#$%" &'( )*+,-  ./0 !"1
23 + 454

67897 :;<=>?@ABCDEFGH-I 454JKLMN &O-P6Q RS
TM=&#97 L :;  UPMF
L-I454VLN WX*  Y0
&O Z [\]^+ _ 6Q

FeO*, TiO, G`abTM!GHcd   Al, O- G SiO, efg"+ CaO, Na, O -I #$-Gcd $ %?h! F GH2FijX* !"k&l-mn'.o- Y0 9pLq!"M123 .*r-m +st+u-N()

vwa- 7xN,454
!"y)



 Fi!"kq+454JKLM*z 

FF m {|O-}o-+-~*  ^B!" KLM. 454/K!" * /   !" L\7  *z
L !"454!"

.

-  .. 0(20p2 )*+ 16_ ^!"23!"  23^!"k ^4 5+R AK-3 AK-0 
W #$%"
9:

3!6jX* !"78
 x  23 ^ )*!"+ !"0/]^;1 .- W 
PBvp #$%"! 3! !"(< .  !"=Vqo 0>!^ _¡¢.0 £ ¤%??678%??0=V¥X 7_¦^V
R#$%"!ῌp!^0 ¬ +, PBvp3p SiO, M¬ µ2 H¶ I·¬ ++ Fig. +,. Whole sample silica variation diagrams forthe tephra erupted at the post-caldera stage.
Envelops, dashed lines and abbreviations aresame as those in Fig. ++.

p/§ |¨7_ AK-+-@AK-3  / !"£ ©

#$%"!

@ªX*- «¬++ +,­ !"¥X 0>-  (+) AK-2  A®¯&'°+mA®¯B

C (,) AK-0  _

Q±² BD , &'°678A®E
C (-) AK--./  BD . &'° (.) AK--  FG
6³D +C (/) AK-, ´¯D ,C (0) AK-

?@ AjBCµ¶jD·¸j¹E Fj i ºjG»¼H

350+ +  +  .

Di9: AK-+, 0 ++ +,0  !"#  $%&'()

*+# ,-./0*12&  345  6
 <<

efg5qtu -  +3 hPvwd9 ] 7

 (xqSr7s]

= : S< y345 zj!" 

 ,-0

C9D{fe|b#$89A AK-++  AK-+*D?EF<A:60 }\ P~ AK-+- AK-+, ;99F# 

7 '89:0;

> ?@ <A!B#0C.

ijk (+331) ^op  ijk +331  . b 0 efg5!<  +- G7HI89 +  ,  JK&L (,) 0 , MNOP! QRS TU<A 19 - G06 
7?EF<  / W  (+)

 y08D AK-+- +, EF
A

P

 %&'A]

7 QR}\ P efg5hPR D

QS < V<E0;( ) V A:MN7

0 XYZ P0 AK-2 [hP89D*D<E0+89A] 0 

 +.

A _`aYb89A AK-3 # lmh

NOP ]: / ^&L AK-+- AK-< ^345Sr0 

\7 V+,  AK-3 !DA<A0 C9D_`aYb  2cd AK-+- 0 efg5hP&D
TU89 ijk +331 190 MN

0lmh!hP<AAn # MNOP 7:+ ,-7.:2& ./ AK-/  AK-. 00' 1=<A2
M!N#  

ijk (+331)  !

"/!3#  19# lmh0  , ,-7s89 
A AK-. ~/4n9A`5 (AK-./)  .  (HO.)  P , 6

2TU7 V  .0 HO. 0#  <A7
AK-. ¡¢ £V¤Ay¥¦§%&2*89A]  D&.0 AK-. &¨<A HO. 7 hP(y:%&' *!7A]
 A© HO. 7 AK-. &¨Q < *!

89A<D 9§1=ª« 7:1=
R¬0­0C  AK-/ . &¨Q HO. 0;® <:A] 7 1< 

 , ,-0 v# ¯  =°±¥¦§%& hP7©9 mh'0² +- }\ PF6AMNOP 345
XYZ P >³0 /  ´Fig. +-. Modal compositions for the pairs of
eruptives and bulk chemically resembled tephra
layers. Abbreviations refer to those in Fig. /.

 +. [\ [345
AK-2 XYZ P P >³0 /  ´Fig. +.. Modal compositions of the Katakuradake
pyroclastic cone, Katakuradake-kita lava ﬂow
and the tephra AK-2. Abbreviations refer tothose in Fig. /.

·k¸¹

 zGcN)M$1( º :T»(`^R¼´F

351



|G:  VEI. V.WXYE

2ῌ- 

Z( ,Ki LM]^R/_" 8-z!

AK-2    (KK) AK--./  (HO.) AK--  AK-, .

+   (HI+) AK-+ ,   (KD,)

 (KDP)  !"



m n:  ,!"

2,.**U1,/** ,A5

rXZ(

,[i 



m opq,d/"++-,*** ,-n:8uNAw

CpO 7

#$  !"%&'

2,.**U1,/** ,-}n:()*+ ,-./ *01 AK-P )a" 

2  KK 2! 3,4

  Wo  En 56,78,7

,@% ; 2 b< AK--  HI+ 





2 VEI- V.jGkZ(+(AK-1) $

 R

-

,d/  `!"  @ m  SR!"



BCDEFG) En H AK--./ "
IJ Mg #!$ HO. "

m2Q

opqrXZ( ,$i 

9: ; 2 a< AK--./  HO.   Wo, En  6=>?@!78,2 A"(`Cp

1,,**U1,+** ,- VEI- V.WXYEZ(,m ?/ {:opqrXZ( s=t! P  1a" 8I!  En 3,K8 ,BCDEF

3b

G782!&L: ; 2 c< AK-, uNCp TdOP

KD, "43@%

U! 9 -,***U.,*** ,5¡¢M ¡¢M

AK-+  KDP "3,K

'>?()*+I ; 2 d< 3b"£ VW¤X,Y¥!"
9 .,***U-,+** ,-  GH?,[8* {'M( N)OP QR . MS*,T+7:, :;l m ;l< ,d/ >#) Z mQ4e

+0<



a)

7 ,d/" 8c) 

2ῌ. ; +/,, zKGH?*+-,/**U+,,*** ,- VEI .U/ V.WXYEZ(

,d/.

[ B\]¦/" GH?§*^!* ¨ ,[8*  \]^:_" 8( N), :;l m©/" 88

/0

 8N)6_!"GªGX (`1a 2 3bGcd/_" ++,3**U++,0** ,-Gc 4ef N)©U

7a"5( ,[8a":! 67](`1 Gd)  c 8g,/h"T+,7 A" 9 +*,***U

9 ,,2**U,,-** ,- 2 3bCp

3,*** ,-  3b[i" VEI- V.jGkZN),«¬ ( `- 2 Gc2[a,(  + :;l md6<!"n!)b)   
+*,***U3,*** ,- 

+ :;ld!" 8u@A/ u55v$nw

*012 G,ef/±²7a"³0 ~ VEI- V.´pWXYEZm

[8a"jGkZ(  opqrXZ( s=t!
b­/)na"I®¯cd°¦ Gc

>u?/m  VEI.

GH?,[8a"88,!
T+,7 ( jGkZst¥! b­µ«m!"Gcn: ,`!" z

,V.WXYEZ(,[8* x7]^R/_" 8z , *** ,-}A" 8umyB/"T+,7 (`  h«¬z yB/"m {: m|,i,  

,,***U+,0** ,- (`"iGcm( ,[8a"m I !"JDEt)! VEI,U- V.jGkZ( , ?/ ' mC|DE,EF8n: ~G
H?a"g+  (` $2

d,¥0""
2,3**U1,2** ,-}gRgbR!

,  ,`!"j¶n:   $d8}@A/°±H² ³´m:µ¶·¸H¹ º »¼352+,+**+,***  VEI,-   !
"#$ +31*  %&+ '(#)*+,-.

/0 12334$51 67 8 !

 `  abcd3ef `cghi jk[
lm$ Xngopk4q ! rst$'uv^
wxyMd jk4z{ !
1KLM^ |s1K +* }sN~ 3
*" 

 XnN66jJ3ῌ ῎ ῍ ῏B8M3GETUM - 7 

9:;<1 =>?@AB$CDEFG

dp4}|_ + dI# !  (+331) I JB1KLM N6OPQR#S$1KL

" m1 VW? +- X  / XCS

M3 TUVW?X3 YZ[\] ! YZ^ _L+ ).sXmKLM3XR YZ

H¡ +/! =>?B¢F £! ¤¥ ¦§^¨©8ª[«¬! §^¡ . 3J­ AK-+AK-+^ +331 $E1VW? ®¯[«¬!
Fig. +/. Subdivision of formative history in the post-caldera stage. Numbers at the top show the assumed orderof formation. Abbreviations are same as those in Fig. ., and AK-+ to AK-+- are the names of tephra layers
deﬁned by Wachi et al. (+331).

)` L& GHIQR< /º:L»ST+¼RG{|353&bcCde & f'g(g& )*+,hi& jk.lhi mn& /&g0(g& Va
Mog 3p1b2q34rshi 5t&

6u7vVwxyCz* .& { L| 8}95~:+ , ;<;=>  ?@ =#"A*V[8C## FF Bu!.
Pῌ ῑ ῐ ῍

 +0 GHIQR ³ . +1
´ AK--./ Cµu AK-+  AK-+- mwx +331 C¶y& AK--./ &bc 0·z &0¸¹
Fig. +0. Eruption history in the post-caldera stage.
Abbreviations are same as those in Fig. .. AK-+to AK-+- excluding AK--./ were quoted from
Wachi et al. (+331). The AK--./ was tentatively
named in this study (see text).








 +0  !"#

+-,***$++,***% & ' (( )*+,-

+*,***

01 -,***

 1,***./

2 &  3456789:;:<!& / = >? @#(ABC/#"& .,***

3D

%



-,***

 EF& 1G%& HIJ6IHKL
M:;: 0 0 =  .
% ,,/**>? (345678:;:<NOP <HIQRO.* /01+,/**& S & HIQR T!"#

UVWIHX$Y8Z[\ C]!!&^"M9#M$SC%*"& _`/0aU` (῏῎Basaltic Volcanism Study Project (+32+) Island arc basalts.
In Basaltic volcanism on the terrestrial planets, +3-ῌ,+-.
2q34 (+330) Mo)`CLD EFPRG HI}/&R& +/*.
2q34JK-LM (+32-) MoLD& NO
LPQR$ +. C S Mo LST+1
UPVWT +. C S ( 1 + MoX
YTbcZ& no +, ,3ῌ-..
Fujinawa, A. (+322) Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma
series at Adatara volcano, northeast Japan : +. Geochemical constraints on their origin. Lithos, ,,, +-/ῌ+/2.
:[\]^_`a) (,**+) Kb_c L
K-Ar S : Kb_c L( d L& .0&
3/ῌ+*0.
 L& .,&:elU]f4 (+331) Ng`+3/ῌ,+,.
Gill, J. B. (+32+) Orogenic andesites and plate tectonics.
Springer, Berlin, -3* pp.
qK (+312) )` LST +. C S ¡¢g& -,& ,,+ῌ,,-.
Inoue, K. (+32*) Stratigraphy, distribution, mineralogy
and geochemistry of late Quaternary tephras erupted
from tne Akita-Komagatake volcano, notheastern Japan.
Soil Sci. Plant. Nutr., ,0, .,ῌ0+.
£h (+310) MoLCD L¤G /& (g¥i }& no ++, +-*ῌ+-+.
Itaya, T., Nagao, K., Nishido, H. and Ogata, K. (+32.)
K-Ar age determination of late Pleistocene volcanic
rocks. J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 3*, 233ῌ3*3.
Kawano, Y., Yagi, K. and Aoki, K-I. (+30+) Petrography
and petrochemistry of the volcanic rocks of Quaternary
volcanoes of northeastern Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ.,
Ser. III, 1, +ῌ.0.
Miyashiro, A. (+31.) Volcanic rock series in island arcs
and continental margins. Am. J. Sci., ,1., -,+ῌ-//.
J¦4  L)jk §:k`  ¨L l  ©ª «(+30-) KJK$¬­®/0a ( 9¯&
03& +0-ῌ+1+.
Kmc2q34 (+312) Kn opq°
qrsG± =#" Mog²gbcZ& -+&0-ῌ13.
Kmctuvd2q34 (+32*) Kn opq°qrsG± =#" 1 , Mog
²gbcZ& --& /1ῌ01.

354

ABCDEnq5¼dFB&, 

+31*ῌ1+   (+31+)  +   +0 +,,ῌ+-..
 (,**,)   !"#$%#"&'(' )* + ,-././0 1/23456
789: 0/ pp.
;<=> (+3*-) 8 ?@AB  CD
ABE no .., +ῌ0,.
+31*    ?A
FGH (+31+) I ,, 0.1ῌ0/-.
JKL (+33.) MN  O -3
+-ῌ,..
P <Q (+321) R?S ?@ ?S?@
23T 7/  + ?@U: ?@ABV +., p.
 W X +. C YP  (+32,)  ,1 1*ῌ1+.
P Z[\>]  (+33*) ^??S _`a  K-Ar Y ?AI.+ -3/ῌ.*..
bc  d e ! f  g  h (+31+)  +31*ῌ1+    ij , +31*ῌ1+ ij  +0 ++,ῌ+,+.
`kl"  m n  .o#pf  m$q  %&'P r(st)u * (+322) +v

wxy  K-Ar Y , 0, 42-z{23*|T} +ῌ.-.
~ (+331) 8  ?+/23 ,-./
789: /+ pp.
./0 1/23456
 <p&'./p (+33+) MN  ,,,***   O  -0 -./ῌ-/0.
 <p./0 (+332) >M 1***  O  .- +.3ῌ+00.
1\2 " (+333) N345 6` v>7  K-Ar Y .. ,+1ῌ,,,.
, <l8  (+331)    ., +1ῌ-..
/ > (+31+) *w9¡ + ?@  +0 2*ῌ23.
/ >¢:> (+31+)  ?@
/AB¦  ;£23 ¤¥T +.ῌ-,.
§<¨<G©=ª>«" (+331) ¬­®9?¯°±²³  +12-  ´&µ¶·  ., ,2+ῌ,31.
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