Summary
I. Outline of the ProjectCountry：Republic of Indonesia

Project title：The Project on Strengthening Environmental
Management Capacity of Local Governments in Indonesia

Issue / Sector：Environmental Management Cooperation scheme：– Environmental Administration
Technical Cooperation Project
Division in charge: JICA Indonesia Ofﬁce

Total cost： about 2.63 million yen

Period ofCooperation

Partner Country’s Implementing Organization：
Directorate General for Regional Development, Ministry ofHome Affairs (BANGDA), Ministry of Environment (KLH),
environmental institutions in the West Java province, theBanten province, the Bogor regency, the Bogor municipality,
the Tangerang regency, the Tangerang municipality and theSouth Tangerang municipality

March 2009 toSeptember 2011

Supporting Organization in Japan：
Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.
Related Cooperation：
1. Background of the ProjectIndonesia has been experiencing environmental problems especially in the urban areas such as water pollution,
air pollution and so on. Although Indonesia has already developed the legal systems on various environmental
management including water quality management and environmental impact assessment, relevant laws are still
not properly enforced. One of the reasons is the insufﬁcient capacity of the local governments (i.e. province,regency and municipality) to fully enforce the relevant laws. Therefore, the capacity of the local governments
needs to be strengthened to formulate and implement the policies for environmental management.
Under these circumstances, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) requested the Government of Japan (GOJ)
to implement a technical cooperation project to enhance capacities of local governments for environmentalmanagement. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) implemented two preliminary studies
in December, 2006 and March, 2007. Accordingly, GOI and GOJ have reached an agreement on a basic
framework of the project focusing on capacity development in water quality management. The target area
was decided as the Cisadane River, which is the ﬁrst-grade river running through the West Java province
and the Banten province. The Record of Discussion (R/D) for the Project on Strengthening Environmental
Management Capacity of Local Governments in Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as the Project) was signed
on 31 December 2008.
2. Project Overview(1) Overall Goal:
The laws and regulations regarding water quality management and water pollution control (WQM/WPC) areenforced by local governments in the Cisadane River.

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(2) Project Purposes:
Local governments develop their capacity of water quality management and water pollution control (WQM/WPC) to enforce the environmental laws and regulations in the pilot sites.(3) Outputs:
1. Responsibilities and mandates on WQM/WPC of local governments are clariﬁed.
2. Draft of WQM/WPC plan is compiled by local governments in pilot sites.
3. Implementation of pilot activities along the WQM/WPC plan in pilot sites.
(3) Outputs:
4. Responsibilities and mandates on WQM/WPC of local governments are clariﬁed.
5. Draft of WQM/WPC plan is compiled by local governments in pilot sites.
6. Implementation of pilot activities along the WQM/WPC plan in pilot sites.
(4) Inputs (as of this terminal evaluation)
Japanese side： Total cost: About JPY 2.63 million
Short term expert:

9 persons（75.43 M/M）

No. of trainees:

18 persons (12 persons under the Project and 6 persons in JICA’s grouptraining

Provision of equipment:

Items such ofﬁce equipment (Approximately JPY 3.5 million)

Local cost:

Approximately JPY 44 million

Indonesian side:
Counterpart (C/P) :Ofﬁcers in BANGDA, KLH, the West Java province, the Banten province,
the Bogor regency, the Bogor municipality, the Tangerang regency, theTangerang municipality and the South Tangerang municipality

Provision of land and facility:

For the project ofﬁce space

II. Evaluation TeamJapanese Side
(1) Mr. Jitsuya Ishiguro (Leader)
Senior Representative, JICA Indonesia Ofﬁce, JICA
(2) Ms.Hiroko Kamata (Water Environment)
Senior Advisor, JICA
(3) Ms. Keiko Kitamura (Cooperation planning/ management)
Project Formulation Advisor, JICA Indonesia Ofﬁce(4) Ms. Juni Melani (Cooperation assistance)
Project Ofﬁcer, JICA Indonesia Ofﬁce
Members ofReview Team (5) Ms. Misa Oishi (Evaluation analysis)
Consultant, Overseas Operations Department, Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.
Indonesian Side
(1) Mr. Joel Palandi
Staff of Head of Administration Division in Spatial and Environmental Facilitation,
BANGDA(2) Ms. Yun Insiani
Head of Division for Infrastructures and Services,
Assistant Deputy for Pollution Control of Manufactures, Infrastructures and Services, KLHix

Period of Evaluation： June 20, 2011～July 1, 2011

Type of Evaluation： Terminal Evaluation

III. Results of Evaluation
1. Achievements(1) Project Purposes
The achievement level of the Project Purpose is by and large satisfactorym and this is veriﬁed so from its
indicators seen below:• C/Ps in the pilot local authorities are carrying out pilot activities together with JICA project team asplanned (Indicator 1).
• The draft WQM/WPC plans in the pilot sites are recognized mainly by the environmental departments,
and it is expected that the recognition at organization level will be soon further enhanced (Indicator 2).
• Some pilot activities has been implemented in accordance with the draft WQM/WPC plans incollaboration with other departments (Indicator 3).
(2) Outputs
Output 1: Output 1 is being satisfactorily achieved.
In the ﬁrst phase, C/Ps reviewed a wide range of laws, regulations and policies related to environmental
management, especially WQM/WPC, and produced Booklets on the Environmental Laws and Regulations
related to Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control (ﬁrst version)(Indicator 1.1). More than
100 copies of Booklets on the Environmental Laws and Regulations related to Water Quality Managementand Water Pollution Control (ﬁrst version) were printed and distributed among stakeholders at the time ofseminars and workshops held by the Project (Indicator 1.2) and also on the occasions of workshops held by
BANGDA and the Tangerang municipality (Indicator 1.3).
Output 2: Output 2 is being satisfactorily achieved.
Based on the discussion with C/Ps, the Project selected the Bogor regency and the Tangerang municipality
as pilot sites in September 2010, and started preparation of the draft WQM/WPC plan in these pilot sites.
The plans were devised through the following steps; (i) implementation of water quality monitoring, (ii)development of pollution source inventory, (iii) estimation of current pollution load and assimilative capacity,(iv) setting target water quality, (v) water quality simulation and (vi) formulation of pollution control strategies.
Technical Guideline for Water Quality Management Plan explains the details of these processes (Indicator2.2). Currently, C/Ps in the pilot sites is implementing pilot activities in accordance with the draft WQM/WPC plans (Indicator 2.3). The experiences in pilot activities are planned to be incorporated into the revised
WQM/WPC plan.
Output 3: Output 3 is being satisfactorily achieved as seen below.
The ﬁrst draft WQM/WPC plans incorporate the actions to be taken for water quality improvement in theCisadane River. The urgently needed activities with feasible time frame, i.e., activities relating to publicawareness raising, inspection, database development and area speciﬁc pollution control, were selected as pilotactivities and they are currently being implemented (Indicator 3.1). The budget plan for FY2012 is expected
to be prepared by the completion of the Project (Indicator 3.2).

x2. Summary of Evaluation Results(1) Relevance
The Team concluded that the Project remains moderately relevant in terms of the policies of GOI, policy
directions of GOJ and the needs of the C/P agencies.
• In accordance with the Law on Decentralization (Law No.32, 2004), primary responsibilities forenvironmental management are delegated to local authorities. Details are clariﬁed and deﬁned inGovernment Regulation regarding Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control (No. 82 of2001) and KLH Regulation No.1 of 2010. Primary C/Ps of the Project are ofﬁces of local authorities inthe Cisadane River Basin, who actually undertake responsibilities of WQM/WPC at ﬁeld level. Indeed,most C/Ps at ﬁeld level have been aware of the urgent needs to improve their technical capacity in orderto fulﬁll their duties in water quality management, which are delegated by the central agencies.
• In Japan, Government of Japan (COJ)’s Country Assistance Program for the Republic of Indonesia(November, 2004) announces “creation of a democratic and fair society” as one of priority areas
for assistance. Under this thematic area, the importance in support for environmental preservation isemphasized. Also, environmental policies and regulations have been developed through tackling thesevere pollutions and hazards in the 1960’s and 1970’s. In these periods, especially local authorities
in the suffered areas had to deal with the issue at the forefront. The knowledge and experiences ofpollution control in Japan are based on such tragic experiences and Japan has a technological advantage
in the ﬁeld of environmental management.
(2) Effectiveness
The Team concluded that the Project made maximum efforts to secure the effectiveness especially after themid-term review, and indeed succeeded in securing certain effectiveness..
• Through the project activities, responsibilities and mandates on WQM/WPC of local governments areclariﬁed (Output 1), the draft WQM/WPC plans are compiled by the local governments in the pilot
sites (Output 2) and some pilot activities along the WQM/WPC plans are being implemented in thepilot sites (Output 3), indeed local governments developed their capacity of WQM/WPC to enforce theenvironmental laws and regulations in the pilot sites. Thus, the outputs in terms of numbers, contentsand qualities were sufﬁcient to achieve the project purpose.
• The Project aims to develop local governments’ capacity of WQM/WPC to enforce the environmental
laws and regulations. However, Indonesia’s decentralization process is still in transition and the entire
environmental law system continuously needs revision and modiﬁcation. Under such circumstances‘law enforcement’ on water quality management was seen by many local government ofﬁcers as
new administrative tasks to be tackled without having adequate knowledge and background on theirhands. The Japanese expert team guided counterparts to interpret implications of the laws, regulations
and help them prepare water quality management plans.
(3) Efficiency
The Project has been implemented in an efﬁcient manner.
A number of activities have been carried out and the outputs are being produced as mostly planned. In addition,
the interview surveys reveal that overall satisfaction towards inputs such as human resources, trainings and thexiprovided equipment is high, and so is the level of utilization.
(4) Impact
The following is an example of some positive impacts, which are being emerged at the time of terminal
evaluation.
• C/Ps in the environmental department of the West Java province has taken initiative to prepare Pollution
Source Inventory (PSI) in the entire province.
• The governor, to whom the ofﬁcers in the environmental department explained on the importance ofPSI, issued a letter in September 2010 to all the regencies and municipalities in the West Java province
and requested them to prepare PSI and submit the relevant information to the province once in a year.
• Currently the technical manual on PSI is under preparation in response to the requests by the regencies
and municipalities.
• Sustainability
Considering the following points, the sustainability especially in terms of technical aspect should be further
ﬁrmly secured through the project activities in the remaining three months before the completion of theProject.
• In river water quality management, an environmental institution alone cannot achieve a goal.
Cooperation and coordination from relevant organizations such as the public works department,BAPPEDA, industrial department, agricultural and husbandry department are indispensable. Inthe Project, the collaboration with other departments in the pilot sites is being fostered through theimplementation of pilot activities and coordination meetings especially after the mid-term review.
Likewise, the enhancement of organizational sustainability is accelerated in the latter half of the project
period.
• GOI’s medium-term development plan (RPJM), 2010–2014 as well as the regional medium-term
development plan set the environmental issues as one of the prioritized areas. In accordance with thesedevelopment plans, both the national government and regional governments are expected to secure
enough budgetary allocations for the environmental protection and management. In addition, in theshort-term, both the Bogor regency and the Tangerang municipality have to allocate budgets to continue
activities in accordance with the draft WQM/WPC Plan, and thus the Project is going to formulate thebudgetary plan for 2012 to ensure ﬁnancial sustainability. By the considering the fact that the planscovers the period until 2030, the continuous budgetary support is in need.
• The Project has been implementing a wide range of activities such as improvement of water quality
monitoring, development of PSI in the whole Cisadane River Basin, the pilot WQM/WPC activities,
laboratory management and so on. The Project has been making efforts to transfer technologies inalign with the current laws and regulations and improve capacities in WQM/WPC of local authorities
in order them to enforce the relevant laws and legislations properly. However, generally speaking, theoverall capacities of local governments are not sufﬁcient and indeed many of them are struggling toﬁll the gap between the capacity level required by the laws and their realities. In fact, according to theinterviews with C/Ps in the pilot site, who actually formulated the WQM/WPC plan along with theJICA project team, it became apparent that they are not conﬁdent in carrying out, by themselves, somexii

techniques such as estimation of current pollution load and assimilative capacity and water quality
simulation. The Project should pay attention to such a voice, and take some actions in order to ﬁrmly
embed the technologies transferred.
2. Factors that promoted realization of effects• C/Ps at ﬁeld level have been aware of the needs to improve their technical capacity in order to fulﬁll
their duties in water quality management; thus they are indeed eager to grasp this opportunity and learn
from the Project.
• A pollution source inventory was developed by C/Ps along with the JICA project team for the entire
Cisadane Riverm and not limited for the pilot sites, Thus even at the time of terminal evaluation,
performance on several WQM/WPC activities has been already improved.
• Active information sharing among C/Ps through JCC, WG meeting, seminars and workshops contributeto the smooth implementation of the Project.
3. Factors that impeded realization of effects• The Project aims to develop local governments’ capacity of WQM/WPC to enforce the environmental
laws and regulations. However, some important laws and legislations were revised after the Project’s
inauguration and some others are still under revision; and these changeable and uncertain situations
raise concerns about the validity of the project purpose itself. Under these circumstances, the Project
implement activities in align with the ongoing laws and regulations.
• In the beginning, the target local authorities were unaware of the Project. Thus the Project team had tospend some time to let the local authorities know the Project and their expected roles in the Project.
• The Project expected to collaborate with EMC of Ministry of Environment and provide opportunities
for local governments’ capacity development together with EMC; however, in reality, EMC is notwilling to play such a role. It also took some time to obtain concrete inputs from EMC.
4. Conclusion
As a part of Cisadane River Basin management, which is one of national strategic rivers in Indonesia,
the Project has been tackling improvement of WQM/WPC. Local government responsibilities and mandates
on WQM/WPC have been clariﬁed by the Project. The draft WQM/WPC plans in two (2) pilot sites has
been formulated, and is being formally recognized and internalized by the respective authorities. Most of therecommendations made at the time of Mid-term Review have been carried out and produced certain impacts.
Considering the above, the Team is of the opinion that the Project has been progressing well and the Project
Purpose will be achieved with continued efforts of the people concerned.
5. Recommendations
To make project activities sustainable, the Project should share the results of the project activities, i.e.
importance of PSI, with the policy makers such governors, mayors and head of regency, while the important
activities shall be reviewed thoroughly again with the C/Ps and carry out wrap-up technical training before
the completion of the Project. The WQM/WPC plans formulated by the Project shall be incorporated into
Regional Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMD) of each province, regency and municipality in thexiii

Cisadane River Basin.
BANGDA should create opportunities such as continuation of the working groups in order to enhancecooperation across provinces, regencies and municipalities, especially in the Cisadane River Basin, and facilitate
dissemination of experiences of the pilot sites to the non-pilot sites by enhancing the existing mechanisms
such as Cisadane River Water Quality Monitoring Network. Continuous information dissemination shall besustained through the website constructed under the Project.
KLH should inform the Project as well as the local authorities concerned of the current progress andperspectives of the General Plan of the Cisadane River Basin. More active coordination and information
sharing between KLH and local governments are expected.
6. Lessons Learned• The activities as well as project duration in PDM prepared at the preparatory stage might notalways reﬂect the actual institutional, legislative, ﬁnancial and social situation of C/Ps at the time ofimplementation stage. Therefore, the content of PDM should be more ﬂexibly designed.
• For the project which involved more than two regencies/municipalities, provincial governments shallbe given more clear authority to play a role especially in disseminating the lessons and experiences
obtained by the pilot projects.
• In case that the main C/Ps are local government(s), it may be important to explain the contents ofproject to them and to obtain their prior commitment for smooth implementation of the Project.

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