ESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE
Science and Validation
Workshop

13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy

AD-Net and SAVER-Net lidar networks for validation of ATLID products
Yoshitaka Jin1, Tomoaki Nishizawa1, Atsushi Shimizu1, Nobuo Sugimoto1, Hironori Iwai2, Makoto Aoki2,
Sebastian Papandrea3, Hajime Okamoto4, Hitoshi Irie5, Rei Kudo6, Tetsu Sakai6, and Akiko Higurashi1
1. NIES, 2. NICT, 3. SMN, 4. Kyushu University, 5. Chiba University, 6. MRI/JMA

Objective: validation of JAXA ATLID L2a productp Direct comparison using match-up ground-based lidar / photometer data (basic idea)
p Statistical analysis using CALIPSO and ADM-Aeolus will also be performed in the case of insufficient number ofmatch-up data points
p JAXA ATLID research products are also the target of validation
Feature mask

Target mask

HSRL, MRL, ML

HSRL: high-spectral-resolution lidar
MRL: Mie/Raman lidar
ML: Mie-scattering lidar

HSRL, MRLPBL height

Extinction

Backscatter

HSRL, MRL, (ML) at 355 nm

HSRL, MRL, (ML) at 355 nm

Lidar ratio

Dep. ratio

HSRL, MRL at 355 nm

HSRL, MRL, (ML) at 355 nm

ECA_J_ATL_CLA_2AS_20080619T0201_20080619T0212_60002H_vAa.h5

HSRL, MRL, ML
Thresholdw/o noise

with
noise

ESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy

Validation facilities: AD-Net and Asian lidars
Lidars in AD-Net

Mie-scattering lidar (ML)

Mie/Raman
lidar (MRL)

AD-Net

Mie/Raman lidar (MRL)

β: backscattering,
Lat
Obs. siteδ: depolarization
Lon

Instrument

Koganei(Urban)355 HSRL(2019~)
355MFMSPL
355DWL2β (532,1064)+1δ (532) lidar

35.7N
139.48E

Mie-scattering
Tsukuba
36.05N
Koganei
Lidars in AD-Net lidar(Rural) (ML)
140.12E

JAMSTEC’s research vessel “Mirai”

Parameter!, ", #, S: 355 (Day & Night)
Attenuated backscatter: 355 (Day & Night)
Attenuated backscatter: 355 (Day & Night) (Multiple scatter)
Vertical wind

HSRL
(NIES)!, ", #, S: 355 (Day & Night)!, ", #, S: 532 (Day & Night)
Attenuated backscatter: 355/532/1064 (Day & Night)

ML
(MRI)

", #: 532 (Day & Night)
Attenuated backscatter: 532 (Day & Night)!, ", #, S: 355 (Night)!, ", #, S: 532 (Day & Night) *2021~
Attenuated backscatter: (Day & Night)

Fukuoka(Rural-Urban)

33.52N
130.48E

MRL=>MRHSRL(2021~)

Hedo(Maritime)

26.87N128.25E

MRL!, ", #, S: 355/532 (Night)
Attenuated backscatter: 355/532/1064 (Day & Night)

Toyama(Rural)36.7N
137.1E

MRL!, ", #, S: 355/532 (Night)
Attenuated backscatter: 355/532/1064 (Day & Night)

Palau(Maritime)

7.34N
134.5E

MRL(2019~)!, ", #, S: 355/532 (Night)
Attenuated backscatter: 355/532/1064 (Day & Night)

RV Mirai(Maritime)

Ocean

MRL

!, ", #, S: 355/532 (Night)
Attenuated backscatter: 355/532/1064 (Day & Night)

11 stations in East Asia

ML

Attenuated backscatter: 532/1064 (Day & Night)
Total depolarization ratio: 532 (Day & Night)

HSRL site

2β (532,1064)+1δ (532) lidar

β: backscattering,δ: depolarization

ESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy(24/7 measurement, Δt = 15 min., Δz = 30 m)

Validation facilities: MRI lidar
MRI@Tsukuba

Observation products for validation:
Ø BSR (𝝱), 𝝳 at 532 nm between 0.1–35 km(night)Ø Temporal resolution: ~3 hour / daily meanØ Vertical resolution: 150 m
Ø Measured uncertainty: <10% for BSR and 𝝳
Useful for validation of stratospheric aerosol properties
ESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy

Validation facilities: SAVER-Net (Argentina and Chile)
Lat
InstruObs. site
Cordoba
Lidar
Lon
ment

Biomass burning aerosols

Tucumán

26.8S
65.2W

ML

Attenuated backscatter with Depolarization
532/1064 (Day & Night)

34.6S
58.4W

ML

Attenuated backscatter with Depolarization
355/532/1064 (Day & Night)

Cordoba

31.7S
63.9W

ML

Attenuated backscatter with Depolarization
355/532/1064 (Day & Night)

Neuquen

39.0S
68.1W

ML

Attenuated backscatter with Depolarization
532/1064 (Day & Night)

Baliroche

41.1S
71.2W

ML

Attenuated backscatter532/1064 (Day & Night)

Comodoro Rivadavia

45.8S
67.5W

ML

Attenuated backscatter with Depolarization
532/1064 (Day & Night)

34.6S
58.5W

ML

Attenuated backscatter with Depolarization
355/532/1064 (Day & Night)

TucumanAeroparqueCórdoba
Volcanic ash

Mineral dust

Neuquén

CEILAP,
AeroparqueBaliroche
Comodoro
Rivadavia
Río Gallegos

Sea salt

Punta Arenas

Parameter

Cordoba

Punda Arenas

Dust

SAVER-Net lidar network was developed in the framework of tri-national(Japan-Argentina-Chile) SATREPS project to monitor aerosols in southernsouth America such as volcanic ash, biomass burning aerosols, and dust

ESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy

Validation facilities: SKYNET
Fukuoka, Japan (April 2023)

Observation
sites

AOT

Angstrom exponent

SSA
Skyradiometer (by Prede co, Japan)✓Sun-scanning sunphotometer✓Measured wavelengths:
315, 340, 380, 400, 500, 675,
870, 940, 1020, 1627, 2200nm✓Data recorded every 10~15min✓Derived parameters:

Skyradiometer

http://www.prede.com/

Size distribution

AOT, Angstrom exponent, SSA,
Size distribution, Refractive index

ESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy

https://www.skynet-isdc.org/

Ground-based HSRL: 355-nm HSRL at Koganei, NICT
Continuous observation of α, β, δ at 355 nm since Sept. 2019
Particle extinction

Particle backscatter

NICT validation supersite

Jin et al., (2020)

T. Nishizawa, Y. Jin, N. Sugimoto et al.

Journal of Q

Lidar ratio
Scanning Michelson interferometer
Roof mirror
Compensating plate

Roof mirror

λ/2Half mirror

Particle depolarization ratio

Fused silica
glass block

355 nm HSRLESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy

tage
zo s
Pie
tage
s
XY

Scanning interferometer

Fig. 1. Multiple-field-of-view multiple-scattering lidar system at 355 nm (MFMSPL-355): (Left) Photograph of

Ground-based HSRL: 355-nm HSRL at Koganei, NICT
Analysis period: 2021/01 – 2021/12

2020.12.24
1.6 ± 0.943 ± 39
34 ± 64

21 ± 17520 ± 567

6±5

50 ± 20
16 ± 12

Statistical analysis of aerosol and cloud optical properties
ESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy

Ground-based HSRL: DW-HSRL (Tsukuba) and 532-nm HSRL (Fukuoka)
Research Article

Research Article【Dual-wavelength
HSRL (355/532) at Tsukuba, NIES】

Vol. 61, No. 13 / 1 May 2022 / Applied Optics

3529【532-nm HSRL at Fukuoka, Kyushu University】[39] reported that fine and coarse dust particles have depolarization ratios of 0.17 and 0.39, respectively. Sugimoto et al. [40]showed that particle depolarization ratios can vary from 0 to
0.4 depending on the mixing ratio of dust and air pollution
aerosols. The depolarization ratio for the dust layer (2.5–3.5 km
in height) was 0.23 ± 0.03 . A back trajectory analysis implies
that the observed dust layer was transported from the Gobi
Desert in Mongolia and China.
Air pollution
Iodinefilteraerosols from big
cities may also be transported with dust.
Figure 9 shows scatter plot of lidar ratios, backscatter color
ratio (ratio of backscatter coefficients at 355 and 532 nm),and depolarization ratio for the dust layer shown in Fig. 8.
Fig. 1. Block diagram of dual-wavelength high-spectral-resolution
Statistical results of the lidar ratio at 355 nm (532 nm), backscatScanning Michelson interferometer for DW-HSRL
lidar. IS, MF, FC, and NPBS are integrated sphere, multimode fiber,
ter color ratio, and depolarization ratio at 532 nm in Fig. 9 are
Retroreflectors
fiber coupler,andnon-polarizing beam splitter,
respectively.
Piezo
stage
55.6 ± 4.6 sr ( 39.7 ± 5.0 sr ), 1.3 ± 0.12 , and 0.19 ± 0.04
Beam splitter, respectively. Depolarization ratios of the dust layer were small
compared to that of previous studies [32,37,41–43] probably
Table 1. Specifications for Dual-Wavelength
due to the external mixture of dust and pollution aerosols, but
Glass block
High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar
lidar ratios agreed with pure dust except for the 532 nm lidar
Transmitter
ratio of Saharan dust. Hara et al. [10] reported that the 532 nm
355nm
PMT
Laser
Injection seeded, Q -switchedlidar ratio of polluted dust in East Asia was 54.3 ± 9 , which was
Nd:YAG laser (Continuum SL I-10)
higher than this study, but the lidar ratio of polluted dust could
Wavelength355532nm
and 532 nm PMT
differ depending on the lidar ratios of mixing pollution aerosols.
Repetition rate
10 Hz
Regression lines for observation data shown in Fig. 9(a) imply
Fig. 8. Case study of mineral dust profiles
by dualJinobserved
et al., (2022)
Energy100 mJ at 355 and 532 nm
Beam divergence
0.1 mrad (full angle, after a 5⇥ beamwavelength high-spectral-resolution lidar. (a) Time–height indicationthat lidar ratios at 355 and 532 nm for mixing pollution aerosols
Capabilityofvalidation
of
ATLID
α,
β,
and
δ usingground-based
data
expander)of volume depolarization ratio at 532 nm in June 2020 (LT: local time).
witha depolarization
ratio of zeroHSRL
are 60 and
39 sr, respectively.
(b)
Backscatter
coefficientprofileat355(H355)
and532
nm(H532).
Receiver(far range)
In Fig. 9(b), there is a clear negative correlation between the
ESA-JAXA
Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy
Telescope(c) Extinction coefficient profile at 355 and 532 nm. Results using

Schmidt–Cassegrain type (CelestronSummarypJAXA ATLID L2a products are validated by direct comparison with match-up groundbased lidar / photometer data
pAD-Net, MRI lidar, Shipborne lidar, SAVER-Net, and SKYNET data are used for thevalidation
pHSRLs are developed at three sites (Koganei, Tsukuba, and Fukuoka) and will provide
measurement of α, β, δ, and S1 during day and nightpImprovement of the validation instrument (HSRL) is ongoing and continuous
measurement will be made during the EarthCARE mission
Thank you for your attention!

ESA-JAXA Pre-Launch EarthCARE Science and Validation Workshop | 13 – 17 November 2023 | ESA-ESRIN, Frascati (Rome), Italy