Vulnerability: Wooden House CongestedDistricts 

HFA IRIDeS Review Report
Focusing on 2011 Great East Japan EarthquakeInternational Strategy for Disaster Mitigation Research Field
International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS)
Tohoku University, JapanOsamu MURAO

Walls to Prevent Fire SpreadingOpen Space to Mitigate Fire Spreading ()

Udatsu

AFO  

Showa Avenue

4. Providing Modern Apartments (Doujunkai) Shirahige Disaster Prevention Base (Tokyo)
1657

1872

1923

1945

Koto Delta District

1968197619861995

International Decade for Natural DisasterReduction (IDNDR)

World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction 1994
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

The UN World Conference on Natural DisasterReduction which was part of a mid-term review ofDecade activities, was held in Yokohama (Japan),
23-27 May 1994. The UN-FAO/ECE/ILO Team ofSpecialists used the opportunity to express its viewson global fire to the IDNDR.

Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action
for a Safer World (1994)

Five Main Areas for specific gaps and challenges
identified after Yokohama Strategy 1994

Global Seismic Hazard Map (1999)
GLOBAL SEISMIC HAZARD MAP
ILPProduced by the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP),a demonstration project of the UN/International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction, conducted by the International Lithosphere Program.

b.

d.
e.

United Nations International Strategy forDisaster Reduction (UN/ISDR)

! UNISDR was created in December 1999 as part ofthe UN Secretariat with the purpose of ensuring
the implementation of the International Strategyfor Disaster Reduction.
! The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
reflects a major shift from the traditional emphasison disaster response to disaster reduction, and ineffect seeks to promote a "culture of prevention".

180°

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SED
SED

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IASPEI

SSB

Nordvik

UNESCO
Fairbanks
Reykjavík
YakutskAnchorage

60°

Helsinki

Oslo

Stockholm

Kobenhavn

DenverOmsk

Barcelona

Irkutsk

Ulaanbaatar
HarbinMadridUrümqi

AlmatyT'Bilisi

Tashkent

Shenyang

Bishkek

Ashkhabad

Athinai

Seoul
Nicosia

Rabat

Lanzhou

Tehran

q

Dim

Pusan

Käbol

ash

BayrütTel Aviv-Ya
fo
Alexandria

Taräbulus

DallasP'yôngyang

TianjinDushanbe
Tunis

Algiers

Los Angeles

Vladivostok

Beijing

Baku

YerevanAnkaraLisboaSan Francisco

30°

Novosibirsk

Kiev

MilanoBoston

New YorkPhiladelphia
Washington D.C.

60°

Okhotsk

MoskvaMinsk

Bratislava
Wien
Budapest
Kishinev
Ljubljana
ZagrebBeogradBucuresti
Sarajevo
SofiyaTitogradSkopjeRoma
TiraneNapoliMünchen
Bern

Salt Lake City

St. Petersburg

VilniusAmsterdam
Warszawa
BerlinBruxelles
Frankfurt
Praha

Paris
Montreal

OttawaTorontoDetroit
ChicagoTallinn
Riga

Edinburgh
Manchester
DublinBirmingham
LondonVancouverSeattleBaghdad

NagoyaOsaka

Tokyo
Yokohama

bad

Amman

ma
Isla

HoustonCairo

LahoreWuhan

Al Kuwayt

Delhi

Shanghai

30°

Kathmandu
Thimphu

Miami

DohaAr Riyad
La Habana

Abu

Dhabi

Taipei

Karachi
Dhaka

MasqatGuangzhou

Calcutta
Hanoi

Mexico City

Port-au-Prince

GuatemalaSan Salvador

Nouakchott

to Domingo

Managua
CaracasConakry
Freetown

etown

Georg

Paramaribo

Bangalore
N'Djamena

Ouagadougou

Port of SpainMonrovia

AbidjanAccra

RémireBogotaSan'ä'y
Niame

BamakoBissauPanamaAsmeraKhartoum
Dakar
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YangonHyderabad

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Hong Kong

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Kingston

Belmopan

ManilaKrung Thep

MadrasPhnom Penh

Dijbouti

Ho Chi Minh CityÄdïs ÄbebaColombo

Lagos

Lomec.

Governance: organizational, legal and policy
frameworks;
Risk identification, assessment, monitoring andearly warning;
Knowledge management and education;
Reducing underlying risk factors;
Preparedness for effective response and recovery.

90°

Porto Novoa.

ING

Global map assembled by D. Giardini, G. Grünthal, K. Shedlock, and P. Zhang
1999

ICSU

Bandar Seri Begawan
BanguiMalaboKuala Lumpur

YaoundéMuqdishoSingaporeKampala0°

Quito

LibrevilleManaus0°
Nairobi

Kigali
Bujumbura

Brassaville
Kinshasa

Jakarta
Dar es Salaam
RecifeLuandaPort MoresbyLimaLilongwe
LusakaBrasília

La PazHarareAntananarivo

Belo Horizonte
WindhoekSão PauloRio De Janeiro

Asuncion

Gaborone

Pretoria

sburg
Johanne

MaputoMbabaneMaseru30°30°
PerthSantiago

Cape Town

Buenos Aires

Montevideo

SydneyCanberra

Robinson Projection
Scale: 1:35,000,000 At The Equator

Melbourne

Wellington

2PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION (m/s )10% PROBABILITY OF EXCEEDANCE IN 50 YEARS, 475-year return period

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World Conference on Disaster Reduction 2005
Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

1995 Great Kobe Earthquake (Hyogo)
1657

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197619861995

a. Governance: organizational, legal andpolicy frameworks
! Ensure that disaster

Priorities
forAction

risk reduction is anational and a local
priority with a strong
institutional basis forimplementation.

DisasterPrediction &Early Warning

DamageAssessment

Respo
nse
Mitigation Recovery(Reconstructi
Preparedneon)
ssInformation &Communication

b. Risk identification, assessment, monitoringand early warning! Identify, assess andmonitor disaster risks
and enhance earlywarning.

! Use knowledge,

DisasterPrediction &Early Warningc. Knowledge management and education

DamageAssessment

Respo
nse

innovation andeducation to build aculture of safety andresilience at all levels.

Mitigation Recovery(Reconstructi
Preparedneon)
ss

DisasterPrediction &Early Warning

DamageAssessment

Respo
nse
Mitigation Recovery(Reconstructi
Preparedneon)
ss

Information &Communication

d. Reducing underlying risk factors
! Reduce the underlying

risk factors.

e. Preparedness for effective response andrecovery
! Strengthen disaster

DisasterPrediction &Early Warning

Information &Communication

DamageAssessment

Respo
nse
Mitigation Recovery(ReconstructiPreparedneon)
ss
Information &Communication

preparedness for
effective response at
all levels.

DisasterPrediction &Early Warning

DamageAssessment

Respo
nse
Mitigation Recovery(Reconstructi
Preparedneon)
ss
Information &Communication

Series of HFA IRIDeS Review ReportPreliminary Version
Oct. 2010

Complete Version
May 2011

Japanese Version
June 2011

Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

Introduction
World's 21st Century Natural Disasters
History of Natural Disasters in Japan (1888 2010)
Damage due to 2011 Great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunami
Various Post-tsunami Recovery Plans for theCoastal Areas affected by 2011 Great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunami
2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Review

WCDR 2005 at Hyogo

UNISDR establishedwith the progress of society'scapabilities to address disasters and themitigation of vulnerabilities to disasters
by• developing disaster management
systems,• promoting national landconservation,• improving weather forecasting
technologies,• and upgrading disaster information
communications systems

WCNDR 1994 at Yokohama

The Number of Deaths and Missing
Persons in DisastersIDNDRDisaster Management in Japan (CAO, 2011)

2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Review
Each topic, dealing with a specific case, contains! context,! situation before and after the event,! good practices,! problems, and! future recommendations, summarized at the end ofthe chapter.

HFA Priority for Action 1
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

HFA Priority for Action 2
Improvement in Risk Assessment and Early Warning
Systems with Real-time Monitoring: Lessons fromthe 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami
8. Importance of Quantitative Assessment ofUncertainties and their Visualization in Tsunami
Hazard Assessment
9. Tsunami Fragility Curves for Supporting
Reconstruction and Future Risk Assessment
10. Small-area Population Estimates and LandscapePlanning for Hazard Assessment and Reconstruction
Planning
11. Earthquake Early Warning System in Schools and ata University during the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
12. Monitoring of Land Slides and Status of Buildingsand Construction Areas by Radar TechnologyNational Policy and Legal Frameworks for
Disaster Risk Reduction
Evacuation System for “Persons with SpecialNeeds” in Nuclear Disasters
Dedicated and Adequate Resources for Disaster
Management in JapanUniversity Faculty as a Non-Governmental
Resource to Support Disaster Risk Reduction inRecovery Planning with Local Government
Community Participation in Japan
Japan’s Multi-sectoral Platform for Disaster RiskReduction

7.

HFA Priority for Action 3
13.

14.
15.
16.
17.

18.

Information Sharing, Cooperation, and Expert Training
Provided by Academic Research Institutes for Natural
Disasters
Education to Build a Culture of Safety and Resilience at
All Levels around Academic Research Institutes
Education Practice Program for Improving Response
Capability to Survive from a Tsunami
Development of the Reconstruction Mapping Program at
the Tsunami-affected Elementary SchoolInternational Post-graduate Education Program forDisaster Medicine; Collaboration with Tohoku University
Human Security Program
Recent Advances in Numerical Simulation for Disaster
Prevention in the View of the 2011 Great East JapanEarthquake

HFA Priority for Action 4
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.

Post-tsunami Recovery Strategies in Sanriku Coastal Areas after the 1933
TsunamiIntegrated Perspective of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban
Planning
Measures for People Requiring Assistance during a Disaster
Enhancement of Business Continuity Plans and Business Continuity
Management
Disruption of Supply and Supply Chain Management
Promotion of the Earthquake-proof Retrofit of Buildings after the 1995
Great Kobe Earthquake
Public Housing for the Mitigation on the Negative Impact ofEnvironmental Transition on the Victims
Post-tsunami Recovery for Risk Reduction after the 2011 Great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunami
Destruction of Coastal Levees by the 2011 Tsunami and their
Reconstruction
Comprehensive Post-tsunami Recovery after the 201 Great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunami

HFA Priority for Action 5
29.
30.
31.
32.

33.
34.
35.
36.
37.

Measures and Agenda for Large-scale Disasters in Japan: from the
Perspective of Personal Information and Disaster Prevention Education
National Preparedness of Disaster Medicine as Tertiary Risk Reduction
Enhancement of Plans for Operational Continuity of Government
Three Coastal Districts in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture: Differences
Resulting from the Local Residents Organization Disaster ResponseActivities
Pre-Disaster Activities to Preserve Historical Materials and the Great East
Japan Earthquake
DMAT as the First and Long-lasting Responder
Legal and Financial Frameworks for Recovery and Reconstruction
Preparedness for Low-frequency and High-impact Disasters from a
Medical Perspective
Prospect of Future Information Exchange Methods in the Event of aDisaster by Taking Advantage of SNS19
Post-tsunami Recovery
Strategiesin Sanriku Coastal Areas
afterthe 1933 Tsunami

Change of Housing Location in Hongo, Touni Village 21
Measures for People
Requiring Assistanceduring a Disaster22
Enhancement of BusinessContinuity Plans andBusiness Continuity
Management

24
Promotion of theEarthquake-proof
Retrofit of Buildings
after the 1995 Great Kobe
Earthquake26
Post-tsunami Recovery forRisk Reduction after the2011 Great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunami

28
Comprehensive Posttsunami Recovery after the201 Great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunamihttp://irides.tohoku.ac.jp/hfa/index.html

Thank you for your kind attention!
Prof. Osamu Murao at IRIDeSPreliminary Ver.
Oct. 2010

Complete Ver.
May 2011

Japanese Ver.
June 2011