第23回 日仏建築会議
2014年12月9日

ᐊෆ✵Ẽ㉁2014ᖺ12᭶9᪥ ᪥௖ᘓ⠏఍㆟
www.cstb.fr / www.oqai.fr䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖 : 䛂䜶䜽䝇䝫䝌䞊䝮䛃䜶䜽䝇䝫䝌 䝮䛃
ᐊෆ
↮

ග⥺

ᚤ⢏Ꮚ

㦁㡢
᣺ື

䜰䝇䝧䝇䝖/MMMF䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗㢮
(䝩䝹䝮䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗➼)(䝩䜰 䝕 ➼)

㟁☢ሙ䝧䞁䝊䞁➼VOC䝷䝗䞁NOx㖄/䝠⣲/Ỉ㖟㖄/䝠⣲/Ỉ㖟䞉䞉䞉

䜹䝡

䝣䝍䝹㓟㢮
䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰
䜴䜱䝹䝇

POP
㜵⹸/ẅ⹸๣

䜰䝺䝹䝀䞁䠖
䝎䝙/⊧/≟䞉䞉䞉䝎
/⊧/≟Berndnaut Smilde, Numbus, 2012㞴⇞๣ෆศἪ䛛䛟஘≀㉁

✵Ẽ

Ỉ

ᅵተ

2014年12月9日

೺ᗣ䛻ᙳ㡪 їᑐ⟇
ї ᑐ⟇䜈
䝍䝞䝁

2 ᭀ㟢
2.
1. ᙳ㡪

⇞↝⏕ᡂ
⢏Ꮚ

䝷䝗䞁

୍
㓟
໬
Ⅳ
⣲

Ỉศ䠋
䜹䝡䠋
䝎䝙䠋
䝞䜲䜸䜶
䜰䝌䝹

[S]VOC/ᐊෆ໬Ꮫ〇ရ䜰䝺䝹䜼䞊䠋ႍᜥ⫵䛜䜣៏ᛶ⫵⑌ᝈ࿧྾ჾ⣔✵Ẽឤᰁ⑕ᚰ⑌ᝈ䠋Ṛஸ
⮯Ẽ䠋୙ᛌ⑕≧3. ཎᅉ䠋Ⓨ⏕※

4. ᨻ⟇

ᐊෆ✵Ẽ㉁
ᘓ≀䠋タഛ䠋᥮Ẽ
ᾘ㈝㈈༨᭷⪅䛾⾜ື䛸ಖᏲ⛬ᗘ䜢Ⰽ༊ศ

ฟ඾: EnVIE (2004-2008)ᖹᆒⓗ䛺ᙳ㡪ᗘ
ENVIE⠊ᅖእᘓ≀㐠⏝䝁䝇䝖

୍⯡ⓗ䛺஦ᴗ㈝⏝⯡ⓗ䛺஦ᴗ㈝ኚືᖜ10䠂䛸䛩䜛䛸…
ྠ䛨10%䛰䛜ᙳ㡪䛻኱ᕪග⇕㈝Ẽపୗ䛻䜘䜛⬟⋡పୗẼୖ᪼䛻䜘䜛⬟⋡పୗ

㈤㈚ᩱ

ග⇕㈝
⤥୚䠋⚟฼
ཌ⏕㈝䛺䛹
ே௳㈝

㈤㈚ᩱ

ே௳㈝

ฟ඾: Word GBC http://www.worldgbc.org/files/6314/1152/0821/WorldGBC__Health_Wellbeing__productivity_Full_Report.pdf

2014年12月9日

5䛴䛾⛉Ꮫ/ᢏ⾡ⓗඃඛㄢ㢟
CSTB – ⤌⧊䛸䛧䛶䛾άື䜔ᡭẁ䛾㓄⨨䛻䜘䛳䛶3䛴䛾ᡓ␎ⓗ䝔⤌⧊䛸䛧䛶䛾άື䜔ᡭẁ䛾㓄⨨䛻䜘䛳䛶3䛴䛾ᡓ␎ⓗ䝔䞊䝬䜢ᐇ᪋䝬䜢ᐇ᪋5䛴䛾⛉Ꮫ/ᢏ⾡ⓗඃඛㄢ㢟䜢⤫ྜ䝺䝧䝹2䛴䛷ᐇ᪋ᵓ㐀 Ň ௙ୖ䛢 Ň ᶵჾタഛ䛸䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽㧗ᛶ⬟䝁䞁䝫䞊䝛䞁䝖㈐௵䛒䜛ᘓ⠏
ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺⾤స䜚䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊/⎔ቃ೺ᗣ/ᛌ㐺ᛶ⟶⌮/䝸䝇䜽

䝕䝆䝍䝹

⏝㏵/
⤒῭ᛶ/
≉໬ᛶ䚸ኚ᭦

⛉Ꮫ/ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛺ඃඛㄢ㢟
೺ᗣ/ᛌ㐺ᛶ
ᒇෆእ䛾⎔ቃ䛾ᨵၿ

1

2

3

䝰䝙䝍䞊䛸
▱㆑㞟✚

ᐊෆ⎔ቃ䛾
೺඲ᛶ䜢☜ಖ

ᒃఫ✵㛫䛾
ᛌ㐺ᛶ

೺ᗣ䛸

ᒃఫ✵㛫䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ぢ䛾ྥୖᐊෆởᰁ≀㉁䛾
㜵Ṇ䛸⟶⌮

ᛌ㐺ᛶ䜢

ேయ䜈䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ホ౯☜ಖ䝰䝙䝍䞊䛾ᣦᶆ䚸ᡭ㡰䚸
᪉ἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ

ᒃఫ⪅䛾

༴ᶵ䛾㜵
㜵Ṇ

䝸䝇䜽䛾≉ᛶ໬

ᐊෆ⎔ቃ䛾㉁䛸
⥲ྜⓗ䛺ᛌ㐺ᛶ䜢ᐃ⩏䡡ண㠉᪂ⓗゎỴἲ䛻䜘䜚⌧≧䜢ᨵၿ䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢ಁ㐍

ゎỴἲ䛾Ⓨ
Ⓨぢ

2014年12月9日

ᒇෆ⎔ቃ䛾೺඲ᛶ☜ಖ Ͳ◊✲◊✲

IAQ⟶⌮ 䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰 (Legionellae),䜹䝡 (ergosterol,mycotoxins,

MVOC),䜴䜱䝹䝇,᥹Ⓨᛶ≀㉁䚸᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀䚸༙᥹Ⓨᛶ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ≀䚸ᚤ⢏Ꮚ…
• ✵Ẽឤᰁᚤ⏕≀ – ᐃ㔞ศᯒ᪉ἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ :ศᏊ⏕≀Ꮫ䚸໬Ꮫ/⏕≀ởᰁ≀䚸ᚤ㔞᳨ฟ౛䠖䜹䝡䝉䞁䝃
• 䜰䝇䝧䝇䝖• ởᰁᅵተ/䝷䝗䞁• ᘓ⠏ᮦᩱ䜔〇ရ䛻䜘䜛໬Ꮫởᰁ• ᪂䛯䛺䡞⾨⏕ⓗ䡟 〇ရ䛾㛤Ⓨ᪂䛯䛺䝸䝇䜽

⏕≀ⓗ/໬Ꮫⓗ䝸䝇䜽䛻㛵䛩䜛▱ぢ䝟䞁䝕䝭䝑䜽䛾Ⓨ⏕䛸ᘓ≀
䝘䝜⏕ᡂ≀
ᘓ≀䛾䝘
ෆศἪ䛛䛟஘≀㉁ᐊෆ✵Ẽ䛾≀≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗ཯ᛂᛶ
࿧྾ჾ⣔䜴䜴䜱䝹䝇ᭀ㟢Ỵᐃせᅉ
་⒪ᶵ㛵䛻䛚䛡䜛䝅䝳䞊䝗䝰䝘䝇⳦┬䜶䝛ᘓ⠏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ⇕฼⏝/ᚤ⏕≀䝸䝇䜽ホ౯
7

Observatoryofindoorairquality(OQAI)
IAQ䛸ᛌ㐺ᛶ䛾඲௖䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽
2001ᖺ๰❧• ᅜᐙつᶍ䛷ᐊෆ⎔ቃ䛻㛵䛩䜛⛉Ꮫⓗ▱ぢ䜢ྲྀ䜚䜎䛸䜑/㛤Ⓨ эᨻ⟇䜢ᨭ᥼ᨻ⟇䜢ᨭ᥼•ᘓ≀/タഛ
•ᒃఫ⪅䛾⾜ື•ᐊෆ✵Ẽ㉁(໬Ꮫ/≀⌮/ᚤ⏕≀)•ᛌ㐺ᛶ(㦁㡢/ ᗘ/᫂䜛䛥)

6䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮
•
•
•
•
•
•

ఫᏯ
Ꮫᰯ/ಖ⫱ᡤ
䜸䝣䜱䝇䝡䝹
┬䜶䝛ᘓ⠏
IAQ⟶⌮䝒䞊䝹
䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁/䝖䝺䞊䝙䞁䜾/ၨⵚ• ຓᡂ㔠 - ᖺ㛫180୓-250୓䝴䞊䝻㛵㐃┬ (ᘓタ/⎔ቃ/ಖ೺),䝣䝷䞁䝇⎔ቃ䞉䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊⟶⌮ᗇ(ADEME)
䝣䝷䞁䝇㣗ရ⎔ቃປാ⾨⏕Ᏻ඲ᗇ(ANSES)
CSTB
CSTB
• 䜺䝞䝘䞁䝇䠖㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍䚸⛉Ꮫᑂ㆟఍䚸ㅎၥጤဨ఍䚸䝁䞊䝕䜱䝛䞊䝍 (CSTB)• ⮬἞య䛸䛾⛉Ꮫ䝟䞊䝖䝘䞊䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽⮬἞య䛸 ⛉Ꮫ䝟䝘 䝛䜽
82014年12月9日

OQAI䛻䜘䜛඲௖ㄪᰝఫᏯ 2003-2005(n = 567)

IAQᏛᰯ (n(n=300)
300) 20132017
2013-2017
IAQ/㐽㡢/᫂䜛䛥/ᗘ/▱ぬ䛥䜜䛯ᛌ㐺ᛶ䜸䝣䜱䝇䝡䝹 (n=300) 2013-2017
IAQ/㐽㡢/᫂䜛䛥/ᗘ/▱ぬ䛥䜜䛯ᛌ㐺ᛶ/SBS┬䜶䝛ᘓ⠏ 2013...
2013
IAQ/㐽㡢/᫂䜛䛥/ᗘ/▱ぬ䛥䜜䛯ᛌ㐺ᛶ

9඲௖ఫᏯㄪᰝ
567ఫᏯ/ఫẸ1612ྡ/4691ᐊ

1㐌㛫ㄪᰝ(7᪥㛫)
(7᪥㛫)2003ᖺ10᭶-2005ᖺ12᭶ୡᖏ䝕䞊䝍(♫఍⤒῭ⓗ≧ἣ䚸άື ᫬㛫ู
άື䚸᫬㛫ู
⾜ື䝟䝍䞊䞁 …)
ᘓ⠏䝕䞊䝍
ᘓ⠏
䝍
(እ㒊⎔ቃ䚸ᮦᩱ䚸〇ရ䚸タഛ➼)
ᐃᑐ㇟CO䚸VOC䚸䝷䝗䞁䚸PM䚸䜹䝡 ≟⊧䜰䝺䝹䝀䞁䜹䝡䚸≟⊧䜰䝺䝹䝀䞁䚸
䝎䝙䚸CO2䚸T䚸RH䚸
✵Ẽὶ㔞

10

2014年12月9日

඲௖ㄪᰝᏛᰯ䛾ᐊෆ⎔ቃ300Ჷ-600ᩍᐊ
ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ ᘓ⠏㈨ᮦ ᥮Ẽ ᬮᡣ⿦⨨ …ㄪᰝᑐ㇟䠖ᘓ⠏㈨ᮦ䚸᥮Ẽ䚸ᬮᡣ⿦⨨
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ

NO2
VOC13✀䚸䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗 3✀✵Ẽ୰ COsV46✀/ሻᇕ୰ COsV46✀
ሻᇕ୰ – 6㔠ᒓሬᩱ/ሻᇕ୰䛾㖄㖄
PM2,5㉁㔞⃰ᗘ䛸㔞䜰䝺䝹䝀䞁 – ≟䚸⊧䚸䝬䝑䝖䝺䝇䛾䝎䝎䝙䜹䝡ởᰁ – mVOC䝧䞊䝇– 㟁☢ሙ– 㐽㡢/᫂䜛䛥–ᗘ/┦ᑐ‵ᗘ
– CO2
༨᭷⪅䠖άື䚸᫬㛫ู⾜ື䝟䝍䞊䞁䚸Ύᤲ≧ἣ➼ +▱ぬ䛥䜜䛯ᛌ㐺ᛶ

11┬䜶䝛ᘓ⠏䛾ᐊෆ✵Ẽ㉁䛸ᛌ㐺ᛶ䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛾ㄪ࿴໬

IAQ

᥮Ẽ

ᛌ㐺ᛶ

ఫᏯ
䜸䝣䜱䝇
Ꮫᰯ

ᘓ⠏䝕䞊䝍཰㞟(ᐁẸྜព䛻䜘䜛)(ᐁẸྜព 䜘䜛)᪂⠏/䝸䝣䜷䞊䝮䛻䜘䜛┬䜶䝛ᘓ⠏┬䜶䝛ᘓ⠏䛾IAQ䛸ᛌ㐺ᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛
඲௖䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇

2014年12月9日⛉Ꮫ䛛䜙ᐇ㊶䜈

13せᑐᛂ䛾ඃඛㄢ㢟ὀ┠䛥䜜䜛୺せ䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛿?
ὀ┠䛥䜜䜛୺せ䝟䝷䝯䝍䛿?
೺ᗣᗘ䝷䞁䜽 – ⃰ᗘ䚸ẘ≀Ꮫⓗチᐜᭀ㟢್䚸ẘᛶ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟(2001,⃰ᗘ ẘ≀Ꮫⓗチᐜᭀ㟢್ ẘᛶ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟(2001 2005
2005, 2010)1000௨ୖ䛾≀㉁/ᚤ⢏Ꮚ䜢 ᐃఫᏯᏛᰯ

15 ඃඛ≀㉁6ඃඛ≀㉁䝩䝹䝮䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗
䝧䞁䝊䞁୍㓟໬Ⅳ⣲䝣䝍䝹㓟䝡䝇(2-䜶䝏䝹䝦䜻䝅䝹) (DEHP)
䜰䜽䝻䝺䜲䞁
㖄䜰䝉䝖䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗
ᚤ⢏Ꮚ(PM10 / PM2.5)䜹䝗䝭䜴䝮䝠⣲
䝧䞁䝌[a]䝢䝺䞁
䝧䞁䝌[a]䜰䞁䝖䝷䝉䞁
1 4 䝆䜽䝻䝻䝧䞁䝊䞁
1,4-䝆䜽䝻䝻䝧䞁䝊䞁䜽䝻䝻䝩䝹䝮

䝩䝹䝮䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗
䝧䞁䝊䞁䜰䝉䝖䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗
PM10 / PM2.5䜽䝻䝮䜸䝣䜱䝇䝡䝹
5 ඃඛ≀㉁䝧䞁䝊䞁PM2.5
PCB ((䝫䝸ሷ໬䝡䝣䜵䝙䝹)ΰྜ≀)䜶䝏䝹䝧䞁䝊䞁
䝩䝹䝮䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗

ฟ඾䠖Almeras et 14
al, 2010

2014年12月9日

ఫᏯ䠖௖ఫᏯ䝇䝖䝑䜽䛻䛚䛡䜛ởᰁ≀㉁䛾ศᕸ䝩䝹䝮䜰䝹䝕䝠䝗䛾ሙྜ䠖௖ఫᏯ䛻䛚䛡䜛⃰ᗘศᕸ (N = 2400୓ᡞ)10μg/m3┠ᶆ್ 01 01 23(ἲ௧ 2011-1727)

86%䛾ఫᏯ䛜㉸㐣

30μg/m3┠ᶆ್ᶆ್ 01 0115
(ἲ௧2011-1727)

21%䛾ఫᏯ䛜㉸㐣

50μg/m/ 3

100 / 3100μg/mཧ⪃್/ᑐᛂ᥎ዡ್
(HCSP, 2009)༶᫬ᑐᛂᚲせ್(HCSP, 2009)4%䛾ఫᏯ䛜㉸㐣

ఫᏯ䠖IAQỴᐃせᅉ

ởᰁⓎ⏕※
ᰁⓎ⏕※

ᘓ≀
ేタ㌴ᗜ
᪂⠏ఫᏯ
᪂つᘓᮦ/௙ୖ䛢ᮦ
Ỉ⿕ᐖ

ᒃఫ⪅&
άື
ᒃఫ⪅ᩘ
ႚ↮
DIY
䜻䝱䞁䝗䝹/↏㤶䝗䝷䜲䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾ྂ䛔䝬䝑䝖䝺䝇

᥮Ẽ

ᒇእ⎔ቃ

᥮Ẽ

ᒇእ⎔ቃ

✵Ẽ஺᥮ᅇᩘ
᥮Ẽ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾タィ䛸
ಖᏲ
❆䛾㛤㛢

✵Ẽ
ᅵተ
Ẽೃᖏ ( ᗘ䛸‵ᗘ)ởᰁ≀㉁-ୡᖏᡤᚓ䛻㛵㐃

2014年12月9日

Ꮫᰯ䛾IAQᣦᶆ

LUM’AIR®䠖CO2 ⃰ᗘ䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛩䜛Ꮫᰯ/ಖ⫱᪋タ䛾᥮Ẽホ౯/⟶⌮⥲ྜ䝒䞊䝹• IndexI d ICONE : 0䛛䜙5䜎䛷䛷ホ౯• ಙྕ⾲♧ICONE䝇䝁䜰
0
1
2
3
4
5

CO2 ᐃ⤖ᯝᖖ䛻1000ppmᮍ‶3ᅇ୰1ᅇ䛜1000 ppm௨ୖ 1700ᮍ‶
3ᅇ୰2ᅇ䛜1000 ppm௨ୖ1700ᮍ‶
3ᅇ୰2ᅇ䛜1000ppm௨ୖ1700ᮍ‶
3ᅇ୰2ᅇ䛜1000ppm௨ୖ䛷1ᅇ䛿1700ppm௨ୖ
3ᅇ୰2ᅇ䛜1700ppm௨ୖ
ᖖ䛻1700ppm௨ୖ

CO2⃰ᗘ/೵⁫ᗘ᪂㩭✵Ẽ(CO2೵⁫䛺䛧)
ప
୰
㧗
䛛䛺䜚㧗䛔
17
㠀ᖖ䛻㧗䛔

IAQ䛾♫఍⤒῭ⓗ䝁䝇䝖䠖௖䛻䛚䛡䜛⌧᫬Ⅼ䛷䛾᥎ᐃ್6䛴䛾୺せ≀㉁䠖CO 䝷䝗䞁 ETS + 䝧䞁䝊䞁 TCE PM2,5
6䛴䛾୺せ≀㉁䠖CO,䝷䝗䞁,ETS+䝧䞁䝊䞁,TCE,PM
1.እ㒊䝁䝇䝖

2.㈈ᨻ䜈䛾ᙳ㡪1.1Ṛஸ
1
1 Ṛஸ (ᦆኻవ࿨౯್ =€115,000,Quinet,2013)€11 000 Q i
2013)
1.2⨯ᝈ
1.3⏕⏘ᛶ䝻䝇

2.1་⒪㈝
2
1 ་⒪㈝
2.2◊✲㈝
2.3ᖺ㔠୙ᡶ䛔 (䡞฼┈䡟)

6୺せởᰁ≀㉁䛾ᖺ㛫䝁䝇䝖(100୓䝴䞊䝻)

䝧䞁䝊䞁
883

TCE
39

䝷䝗䞁
2,694

CO
308

ᚤ⢏Ꮚ
14,331ETS
1,279

ᐊෆ✵Ẽởᰁ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᖺᖺ㛫䝁䝇䝖=඲௖䛷᥎ᐃ⣙200൨䝴䞊䝻ᚤ⢏Ꮚ䛾 䝇䝖䛜᭱኱ – ᖺ㛫14൨䝴䞊䝻ᚤ⢏Ꮚ䛾䝁䝇䝖䛜᭱኱ᖺ㛫 ൨18

2014年12月9日

ᨻᗓ䛾ᨭ᥼
᤼ฟ※つไ
• ⚗Ṇ໬ྜ≀ : 䜹䝔䝂䝸CMR1䛚䜘䜃2䛾௙ୖ䛢〇ရ䜹䝔䝂䝸CMR 1䛚䜘䜃2䛾௙ୖ䛢〇ရ౑⏝(䝖䝸䝝䝻䜶䝏䝺䞁䚸䝧䞁䝊䞁䚸䝣䝍䝹㓟:DBP,DEHP)• ᘓ⠏〇ရ䛻VOC᤼ฟ㔞䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯䝷䝧䝹⾲♧䜢⩏ົ௜䛡

C

B

A

A+

Formaldéhyde

Classes

>120

<120

<60

<10

Acétaldéhyde

>400

<400

<300

<200

Toluène

>600

<600

<450

<300

Tétrachloroéthylène

>500

<500

<350

<250

Xylène

>400

<400

<300

<200

1,2,4-Triméthylbenzène

>2000

<2000

<1500

<1000

1,4-Dichlorobenzène

>120

<120

<90

<60

Éthylbenzène

>1500

<1500

<1000

<750

2-Butoxyéthanol

>2000

<2000

<1500

<1000

Styrène

>500

<500

<350

<250

COVT

>2000

<2000

<1500

<1000

බඹ᪋タ Ͳ IAQ䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䜢⩏ົ௜䛡o 7ᖺ䛻1ᗘ – ไ㝈್㉸㐣䛾ሙྜ䛿1ᖺ䛚䛝
o ᚲ㡲

ᐃ㡯┠

ㄆᐃᶵ㛵࡟ࡼࡿᐃ– ࣋ࣥࢮࣥࡲࡓࡣo ởᰁ㜵Ṇᑐ⟇ࡀྲྀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜĺ ᐃࡣ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ

– ࣒࣍ࣝ࢔ࣝࢹࣄࢻ
– IAQ⟶⌮࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ– ᥮Ẽ ((CO2೵⁫ᗘ)– ࢸࢺࣛࢡ࢚ࣟࣟࢳࣞࣥ (ࢻࣛ࢖ࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢᴗࡢሙྜ)o ᐊෆ᥮Ẽホ౯ࡢ⩏ົ௒ᚋ䛾ணᐃ2018ᖺ1᭶ : クඣᡤ䚸ಖ⫱/ᗂ⛶ᅬ䚸ᑠᏛᰯ
2020ᖺ1᭶ : ፗᴦ᪋タ䚸୰Ꮫ/㧗ᰯፗᴦ᪋タ ୰Ꮫ/㧗ᰯ
2023ᖺ1᭶ : ་⒪᪋タ䚸ฮົᡤ䚸䝥䞊䝹

20

2014年12月9日➨3ḟ䝣䝷䞁䝇⎔ቃ೺ᗣ⾜ືィ⏬
(2014ᖺ11᭶)

•
•
•
•
•
•

䜰䝇䝧䝇䝖䛻㛵䛩䜛䝻䞊䝗䝬䝑䝥䝷䝗䞁/㖄/䝘䝜≀㉁➼䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⾜ືィ⏬
䜹䜼䛸䛺䜛ᐁබᗇ䜔Ẹ㛫ᅋయ/⤌⧊䛾᝟ሗ✵Ẽởᰁ≀㉁䜢ᨺฟ䛩䜛〇ရ䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛯䝷䝧䝹ไᗘ䛾㛤Ⓨᗘ⟶⌮䛻㛵䛩䜛ዡບ⟇䛾⟇ᐃ䛸ἲつไ䛾ኚ᭦▱ぢ䛾ᣑ඘᪥௖䛾༠ྠ䜢
䛥䜙䛻Ⓨᒎ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛻䝣䝷䞁䝇䛛䜙䛾ᥦ᱌
1 | ୧ᅜ䛾䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾୺䛺ᨻ⟇䛸ᐇ⦼䜢Ꮫ䜃䛒䛖
2 | CSTB䛸᪥ᮏ䛾◊✲ᶵ㛵䛾㛫䛾◊✲⪅஺᥮✲✲⪅ ᥮(ⱥㄒ䜢ඹ㏻ㄒ䛸䛩䜛)
3 | 㠉᪂ⓗ䛺᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ䛻⛉Ꮫⓗ▱ぢ䛸◊✲䝜䜴䝝䜴䜢㠉᪂ⓗ䛺᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ䛻⛉Ꮫⓗ▱ぢ䛸◊✲䝜䜴 䜴䜢
ᥦ౪䛩䜛

22

2014年12月9日

ᐊෆ✵Ẽ㉁ヲ⣽䛿ྑグ䜎䛷: Séverine Kirchner
severine.kirchner@cstb.fr

2014ᖺ12᭶9᪥ ᪥௖ᘓ⠏఍㆟
www.cstb.fr / www.oqai.fr

23rd Japan-France Building Colloquium
December 9, 2014

Indoor Air Quality
Séverine Kirchner

Japan France Colloquium December 9th 2014www.cstb.fr / www.oqai.fr

Context: the concept of exposome
Context:theconceptofexposome
IndoorSmoke
particulate matter

Light
Noise
Vibration

Asbestos, MMMF
aldehydes((ex formaldehyde)y )Electro magnetic fields

VOCs : benzene, …

Radon

NOx
Lead
Lead,
d Arsenic
Arsenic,c
Mercury, lead, …
Phtalates
POPs

MouldsBacteria
Virus
Allergens :dustt mites,,
cats, dogs, …

Pesticides
Berndnaut Smilde, Numbus, 2012

Flame retardantEndocrine disuptors

AIR

WATER

SOIL

December 9, 2014

Context : from health effect to action
Context:fromhealtheffecttoaction

Source : EnVIE (2004-2008)

Context: operating costs in a building

Source : Word GBC
http://www.worldgbc.org/files/6314/1152/0821/WorldGBC__Health_Wellbeing__productivity_Full_Report.pdf

December 9, 20145scientific andtechnical priorities
to achieve successful ecological andenergy
toachieveand energy transition
CSTB implements these three strategic themes by organizing its
activities and means around5 scientific and technical priorities and 2 integration levels.
STRUCTUREŇ FINISHES Ň FACILITIES AND NETWORKS

HIGH-PERFORMANCECOMPONENTSRESPONSIBLE
BUILDINGSSUSTAINABLE
CITIES

ENERGYENVIRONMENTHEALTHCOMFORT

CONTROLRISKDIGITALUSE,
ECONOMY,SPECIALTY
CHANGES

Health andcomfort priority
Improve outdoor andindoorenvironments
and indoor environments

EnsureHealth security

1

2

3

Monitoring &knowledge
generation

Health security ofindoor environment

Confortin the living spaces

Prevent and control ofDefine and anticipatepthe indoor quality of theenvironment andglobal comfort

and comfort

Better understandliving spacesof populationopopu at o

Evaluate population
exposuree pos rein the living areas

Prevent crisis

indoor contaminants

Provide innovative
solutions to improve
the situations

Develop monitoring
indicators, procedures& methods

Characterize risk

Promote innovation

Find solutions

December 9, 2014

Research onHealth safety
of indoor environmentofindoorenvironment(Legionellae), Molds (ergosterol,mycotoxins,
(ergosterol, mycotoxins,
IAQ management Bacteria (Legionellae),Molds
MVOC),Viruses,Volatilsorganic compounds,Semi
volatilesorganic compounds,Particulate matters …
•

•
•
•
•

Emerging risk

Knowledge
on biologicaland chemical risks

Airborne biological entities Ͳ dévelopment of
ofmetrology :molecular biology,chemicaland
biologicalpollutants,microdetection
ex.molds sensors
Asbestos
Polluted soil /radon
Chemical pollutionfrom materials andproducts
Developement ofnew« hygienic »products
Pandemicsituationsand buildings
Nanoproductsinbuildings
Endocrinedisrupter
PhysicoͲchimicalreactivityinindoorair
Phi
hi i lti it i i diDeterminantsofrespiratoryvirusesexposure
PseudomonasinhealthinstitutionsUseofgeothermalinenergyefficientbuildings
/ i bi l i l i k/microbiologialriskassessementt

7

Observatoryofindoorairquality(OQAI),anationalnetworkforIAQ&comfortmonitoring
Createdin2001• Tocoordinateanddevelopscientificknowledgeonindoor
environmentonanationalscalesupportingpublicpoliciespp
gpp•Buildingandequipments•Occupantsbehaviors•Indoorairquality(chemical,physical,microbiological)•Comfort (noise thermal light)•Comfort(noise,thermal,light)

6P
6Programmes
•
•
•
•
•
•

Dwellings
SchoolsanddayͲcarecentres
Office buildings
Officebuildings
Energyefficientbuilding
IAQmanagementtools
Communication,training,education• Publicfundingbetween 1.8 – 2.5 million €/year
Ministries (Construction,EnvironmentandHealth),
NationalAgencies inchargeofEnergyand
Environment(ADEME)andFood,environmentaland
occupational health and safety (ANSES)
occupationalhealthandsafety(ANSES)
CSTB
• Governance:Steeringcommittee,Scientificcouncil,
advisory committee Coordinator (CSTB)
advisorycommittee,Coordinator(CSTB)• Multidiciplinary scientificpartnernetwork
8

December 9, 2014

OQAI’s Nationalsurveys

Dwellings 2003-2005(n = 567)

IAQ

Schools (n300) 20132017(n=300)2013-2017
IAQ, acoustic, light, thermal and perceived comfort

Office buildings (n=300) 2013-2017
IAQ, acoustic, light, thermal and perceived comfort, SBS

L
Low
energy buildingsb ildi2013
2013...
IAQ, acoustic, light, thermal and perceived comfort

9

Nationalsurvey onhousing:
567 dwellings, 1 612 people, 4 691 roomsOneweeksurvey(7 days)(7days)

oct 2003- dec 2005

Dataonhousehold(socioͲeconomical
statut,activities,Time
activity pattern…)
Dataonbuildingg(outdoor environment,
materials,products,
equipments,etc.)
Measurements
CO,VOCs,radon,PM,
moulds cats and dogs
moulds,catsanddogs
allergens,dust mites,
CO2,T,RH,airflowrate

10December 9, 2014

Nationalsurveyoonindoorenvironment
doo eo e t inschools:
sc oo s300 buildings - 600 classrooms
Buildingaudit:buildingproducts,ventilation,
Building
audit : building products ventilation
heating devices,…
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ
Ͳ

NO2
13VOC,3aldehydes
46COsV inair,46COsV indust
6metals indust
Leadinpaint anddust
PM2,5massconcentrationandnumber
Allergens dogs,cats,dust mitesonmattress
MoldcontaminationindexbasedonmVOC– Electromagnetic fields– Noiseandlightlevels– Temperature andrelativehumidity– CO2
Occupants:activities,timeactivity patterns,
cleaning activities,etc.+Perceivedcomfort

11

Indoorairqualityandcomfortinenergy
efficient buildings
efficientbuildings
Harmonizedprotocols

IAQ

Ventilation

ComfortDWELLINGSOFFICESSCHOOLS

Datacollectioninbuildings
private and((agreementwithgppublicoperators)

Newandrenovatedenergyefficientbuildings

NationaldatabaseonIAQandcomfort
inenergy efficientbuildings

December 9, 2014

From scientific results to actions
Fromscientificresultstoactions

13

Prioritizing ofneeds
What are the main parameters of interest?
Whatarethemainparametersofinterest?
Health-ranking
Healthranking score based on concentrations,concentrations
toxicological reference values exposure and toxicity (2001, 2005, 2010)
More than 1000 chemical substances and particules

Dwellings

Schools

15 priority substances

6 priority substances

formaldehyde,
formaldehydebenzeneCarbon monoxide,
di-2-éthylhexylphtalate (DEHP),
acroleinacrolein,lead,acetaldehyde,
particules matters (PM10 et PM2.5),
cadmium
cadmium,arsenic,
benzo[a]pyrène,
benzo[a]anthracène,
1 4 dichlorobenzène
1,4-dichlorobenzène
chloroforme.

formaldehyde
formaldehyde,benzene,acetaldehyde,
PM10 et PM2.5
chromechrome.

Office buildings
5 priority substancesbenzene,PM2.5,
Mix of PCB,,
ethylbenzene,
formaldehyde.
Sources : Almeras et 14
al, 2010

December 9, 2014

Dwellings:distributionofpollutants
in the French housing stockintheFrenchhousingstock
Ex. Formaldehyde : distribution of concentrations in French dwellings (N = 24 M dwellings)
10μg/m3
Target value 01 01 23(Decree 2011-1727)

exceeded in
86% of dwellings

30μg/m3
Target value 01 0115
(Decree 2011-1727)

exceeded in
21 % of dwellings

50μg/m/ 3

100 / 3100μg/mInformation value
and recommandations(HCSP, 2009)

Value of quick-action(HCSP, 2009)

exceeded in
4 % of dwellings

Dwellings: key determinants of IAQ

Emissionsources

Building
attachedgarage
g g
newbuildingnewmaterials/
decorationproducts
water damage
waterdamage

Airmanagement
Ai

Occupants&Air
activities
management
densityofoccupationsmoking,
DIY
candles,incensedrycleaning,
oldmattresses

airexchangerate
designandmaintenance
of ventilation systemsofventilationsystems
openingwindows

Outdoorenvironment
O di

Outdoor
environnent
air
soil
climatic zone
climaticzone(TempératureandHumidity

Association between pollutants and household incomesDecember 9, 2014

IAQ indicators for schools

LUM’AIR® : integrated tool forassessment and management of
air stuffiness in schools andkindergarten based on CO2 levels• Index ICONE : rating from 0 to 5
• Trafic light
ICONEindexscore
0
1
2
3
4
5

FrequencyofCO2 values
100%CO2 values <1000ppm~1/3values >1000but<1700ppm~2/3
2/3values
values >1000but<1700ppm> 1000 but < 1700 ppm~2/3values >1000with 1/3>1700ppm~2/3values >1700ppm~100%CO2 values >1700ppm

Airstuffiness
Freshair(noairstuffiness)
LowairstuffinessMedium air stuffinessMediumairstuffinessHighairstuffiness
Veryhighairstuffiness 17
ExtremeairstuffinessSocioͲEconomicCostsdueIAQ:
A Tentative Estimation for FranceATentativeEstimationforFrance
Selection of 6 target pollutants: CO radon ETS + benzene TCE PM2,5Selectionof6targetpollutants:CO,radon,ETS+benzene,TCE,PM
1. EXTERNALCOSTS

2.IMPACTONPUBLICFINANCES

1.1Mortalitycost(lifeyearvalue=€115,000,Quinet,2013)
1
1 M
li
(lif
l
€115 000 Q i
2013)
1.2Morbiditycosts
1.3Lossofproductivity

21 H l h
2.1Healthcare
2.2Research
2.3Pensionsnotpaid(“benefits”)

Annualcostsinmillioneurosfor6targetpollutants

Benzene
883

TCE
39

Radon
2,694

CO
308

Particles
14,331

TotalindoorpollutioncostsinFrance
estimatedataroundidd €20billionsperyear€20 billi.Particles generatedthehighestburden,with€14billionsperyear.

ETS
1,279

18

December 9, 2014

Government supportactions
Sourcecontrol• Ban ofcompounds:of compounds : CMRcategory1and2
CMR category 1 and 2 inindecorationproducts(trichloroethylene,benzene,
phthalates:DBP,DEHP)• Mandatorylabellingsystemon
constructionproductsbasedonVOC
emissions
C

B

A

A+

Formaldéhyde

Classes

>120

<120

<60

<10

Acétaldéhyde

>400

<400

<300

<200

Toluène

>600

<600

<450

<300

Tétrachloroéthylène

>500

<500

<350

<250

Xylène

>400

<400

<300

<200

1,2,4-Triméthylbenzène

>2000

<2000

<1500

<1000

1,4-Dichlorobenzène

>120

<120

<90

<60

Éthylbenzène

>1500

<1500

<1000

<750

2-Butoxyéthanol

>2000

<2000

<1500

<1000

Styrène

>500

<500

<350

<250

COVT

>2000

<2000

<1500

<1000

Mandatory IAQmonotoringin establishments open to the publicinestablishmentsopentothepublico Every 7 years, except in case of excess of limit value (2 years)o Mandatory measurementby accredited organizations
B– BenzeneORo Optional measurements
if pollution prevention
provisions– Formaldehyde– Air stuffiness ((CO2)– Tetrachloroethylene (if dry
cleaning)– Guidelines for IAQ
managemento Mandatory assessement of room ventilation

SCHEDULE
January 2018 : childcare centers, nursery and primary schools
January 2020 : places of leisureleisure, high school
January 2023 : health care establishment, jail, swimming pool 20

December 9, 2014

3rd NationalEnvironmentalHealthActionPlan(November2014)

•
•
•
•

Asbestos roadmap
Action plan on radon, lead, nano materials, etc
Information of public and major playors
Development of labelling system for air pollutant emitting
products• Development of incentive action and preparation of regulatorychangeshrelatedl d to thermalhl regulations
l i• Improve knowledge

Howtogofurtherfromherethanksto
Japan/France cooperation ?
Japan/Francecooperation
We could propose
1 | benchmark Japan/France public policies to learn fromeach
h otherth experiencei2 | exchange of researchers between CSTB and a
research organization in Japan (English as a work
language)
3 | scientific expertise and research know-how
know how toJapanese innovating companies

22

December 9, 2014

Indoor Air Quality
Séverine Kirchner
severine.kirchner@cstb.fr

Japan France Colloquium December 9th 2014www.cstb.fr / www.oqai.fr