第10回日仏建築住宅会議・第23回日仏建築会議
2014年12月10日

ᘓ⠏ 䛚䛡䜛ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᛶ ☜ಖᘓ⠏䛻䛚䛡䜛ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᛶ䛾☜ಖ
2014ᖺ12᭶10᪥ ᪥௖ᘓ⠏఍㆟
Stéphane HAMEURYⓎ⾲ෆᐜ

1 ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䛸䝣䝷䞁䝇䛾つไ1.
2. ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ 䛸◊✲2

2014年12月10日ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䛸ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲Ꮫ䛸䝣䝷䞁䝇䛾つไ3ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䛸䝣䝷䞁䝇䛾つไⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲タィ ௙ᵝタィ䛛䜙ᛶ⬟タィ䜈ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲タィ䠖௙ᵝタィ䛛䜙ᛶ⬟タィ
௙ᵝタィつᐃᛶ⬟タィつᐃ• ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ(FSE䠗Fire Safety
Engineering):ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ୖ䛾┠ⓗ䚸ᛶ⬟せ௳䚸ᛶ⬟ᇶ‽䜢䛩䜉䛶ᐃ⩏ᛶ⬟せ௳䚸ᛶ⬟ᇶ‽䜢䛩䛶ᐃ⩏•༢⣧䛺ᘓ⠏䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛯䛂༑ศ䛸ぢ䛺䛥䜜䜛せ௳䛃•㛗ᮇ䛻Ώ䛳䛶㋃く䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯௙ᵝ(௙ᵝつᐃ䛻䜘䛳䛶Ṛஸ⪅ᩘ䜢ᢚไ)•ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲つ๎䛾ᢅ䜟䛺䛔」㞧䛺
ᘓ⠏䛜ᑐ㇟

•

つᐃ㐺⏝̺䝅䞁䝥䝹䛺⟶⌮•⿵ൾᥐ⨨䛾ಁ㐍•୍㒊䛾ᾘ㜵㛵ಀ⪅̺䝅䞁䝥䝹䛺せồ
つᐃ䜢ᚿྥ

•

䝸䝇䜽ศᯒ

4

2014年12月10日

䝣䝷䞁䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䛾㛤Ⓨⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䛾㛤Ⓨ•ᅜ㝿䝺䝧䝹 ISO/TC 92/SC 4
ᅜ㝿䝺䝧䝹䠖

•Ḣᕞ䝺䝧䝹䠖 CEN/TC 127•䝣䝷䞁䝇ᅜෆ䠖 ᅜᐙ஦ᴗ(2005䛛䜙2011) http://www.pnisi.fr/̺ㄪ࿴໬䛥䜜䛯ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ
http://www pnisi fr/ ㄪ࿴໬䛥䜜䛯ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛᐇ᪋ᇶ┙䛾ᅜෆᵓ⠏䛜┠ⓗISO/TC92/SC4䛻‽䛨䛯FSE䛾౛•タィ䛾䛯䜑䛾ⅆ⅏䝅䝘䝸䜸䛸ⅆ※䜢つᐃ•ⅆ⅖䛸↮䛾ఏ᧛

•ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀•ே㛫䛾⾜ື䛸⛣ື•⎔ቃಖㆤ䛾ᙉ໬

•⬟ືⓗ䛺㜵ⅆタഛᅜ䛾つไ䛸䛧䛶2004ᖺ䛻ᛶ⬟タィ䜢ᑟධ5ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䛾䝣䝷䞁䝇ᅜෆつไ䜈䛾ᑟධ
↮⟶⌮•

2004ᖺ3᭶22᪥௜┬௧̺බඹᘓ⠏䛻䛾䜏FSE䜢ᑟධ
ᖺ ᭶
௜┬௧
ඹᘓ⠏
䜢ᑟධ

•

ෆົ┬ㄆྍᶵ㛵䛾䜏䛜ᐇ᪋̺CSTB䚸LNE䚸EFECTIS France䚸CNPPᵓ㐀⪏ⅆᛶ• FSE䛾ᑟධ• 䛂ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䛃ᑐ㇟┬௧̺2004ᖺ3᭶22᪥䛂ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䛃ᑐ㇟┬௧ 2004ᖺ3᭶22᪥• 䛂ᒇ᰿௜䛝㥔㌴ሙ䛃䜢ྵ䜑䜛┬௧ᨵṇ̺2006ᖺ5᭶9᪥
• ┬௧1999ᖺ12᭶31᪥䜢2006ᖺ䛻ᨵṇ̺䛂ཎᏊຊ᪋タ䛃 䜢ᑐ㇟䛻• ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᛶホ౯䛾ㄆྍᶵ㛵䛿䛺䛔䛜䚸䝣䝷䞁䝇䛾3䛴䛾⪏ⅆᛶヨ㦂◊✲ᡤ䛷䛒䜛䚸
CSTB䚸EFECTIS France䚸CERIB䛾䛔䛪䜜䛛䛜ᐇ᪋䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔බඹᘓ⠏≀䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ㄆྍᶵ㛵䠄↮ఏᦙ䠅䜎䛯䛿ᑓ㛛ᐙ䠄ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䠅䛾ᥦ᱌䛩䜛ⅆ⅏䝅䝘䝸䜸䛿Ᏻ඲ᛶ䛸䜰䜽䝉䝅䝡䝸䝔 䛻㛵䛩䜛┬ㅎၥጤ䛜ጇᙜᛶ☜ㄆ䜢⾜䛖ⅆ⅏䝅䝘䝸䜸䛿Ᏻ඲ᛶ䛸䜰䜽䝉䝅䝡䝸䝔䜱䛻㛵䛩䜛┬ㅎၥጤ䛜ጇᙜᛶ☜ㄆ䜢⾜䛖
6

2014年12月10日↮⟶⌮䛸ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏↮⟶⌮䛻䛚䛡䜛ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ• ㄆྍᶵ㛵̺౑⏝䛧䛯₇⟬䝰䝕䝹䜢ᥦ౪• ๓ᥦ᮲௳䛸䝅䝘䝸䜸̺⌧ᆅᙜᒁ䛾䜒䛾䛸ᩚྜ• ㄆྍᶵ㛵̺᥇⏝䛧䛯ᛶ⬟ᇶ‽䜢᫂♧• ᛶ⬟ᇶ‽䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲䛾⤖ㄽ䜢ᥦ౪7↮⟶⌮䛸ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏ᙜヱᘓ≀䛻タ⨨䛧䛯↮᤼Ẽタഛ䛾ጇᙜᛶ☜ㄆ䛸ᙜ ヱ 䝰 䝕 䝹 䛾 ⤖ ㄽ 䛾 ᳨ ド ̺ ⌧ ᆅ ᙜ ᒁ 䛜⌧ሙ(in-situ)↮ヨ㦂䜢せồ䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛
Zénith Strasbourg(2006)

Brest Arena (2014)8

2014年12月10日↮⟶⌮䛸ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏ᡤ⟶ᗇ䛻䜘䜛ㄆྍᶵ㛵䛾᮲௳• つไ䛻㛵䛩䜛▱㆑• ⟶㎄ᙜᒁ䛸䛾ᢡ⾪⬟ຊ• 䝸䝇䜽ศᯒ䚸ⅆ⅏䝅䝘䝸䜸䛾タィ䚸ⅆ⅏䝰䝕䝹䚸↮⟶⌮䛻䛚䛡䜛⬟ຊ• ᘓ≀䚸≉䛻↮⟶⌮タィ䛸↮⟶⌮䛻㛵䛩䜛ᶵჾ䛾䛾䝃䜲䝈Ỵᐃ䛻㛵䛩䜛▱ぢ• ᑂᰝ䜢ᢸᙜ䛩䜛⪅䛾⊂❧ᛶ(ᢸᙜ᱌௳䛻฼ᐖ䛜䛺䛔䛣䛸䚸ሗ㓘䛜సᴗ௳ᩘ䜒䛧䛟䛿ホ౯䛾⤖ᯝ䚸䛒䜛䛔䛿䛭䛾୧᪉䛸㛵㐃䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸)9ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䛸ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䛻䛚䛡䜛ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ

1. ⅆ⅏䝅䝘䝸䜸䛾᳨ウ
2. ᙜᒁ䛜㑅ᐃ䛥䜜䛯ⅆ⅏䝅䝘䝸䜸䛻ྠព
3. ⮬↛䛾⇕స⏝䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛タィ
4. ⇕ᶵᲔⓗᣲື䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛タィ(ⅆ⅏୰䛻ಽቯ䛧䛺䛔)
5. ㄆᐃヨ㦂ᡤ䛻䜘䜛ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛᑂᰝ䛾ጇᙜᛶ☜ㄆ
6. ᘓ≀ᑑ࿨ᮇ㛫୰̺ⅆ⅏䝅䝘䝸䜸䜢⟶⌮䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᘓ⠏⎔ቃ䛾౑⏝᮲௳䜢タᐃ
7 ᘓ≀䜸䞊䝘䞊̺╔ᕤ๓䛻䛣䜜䜙᮲௳䜢Ᏺ䜛䛣䛸䜢⣙᮰7.
ᘓ≀䜸 䝘╔ᕤ๓䛻䛣䜜䜙᮲௳䜢Ᏺ䜛䛣䛸䜢⣙᮰

10

2014年12月10日ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䛸ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ࣓࣮࣌ࣜࢱ࣮

ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛᑂᰝ䛾
஦๓ᑂᰝ

◊✲䛾ㄆᐃ

ᥦ᱌ゎỴ⟇䛾ホ౯ᘓタ䛾䝣䜷䝻䞊䜰䝑䝥ᘓタ䛾䝣䜷䝻
䜰䝑䝥ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ୖࡢ┠ⓗཬࡧ㛵㐃せ௳

タィࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࡢᥦ᱌

ᘓ≀䠄᪋ᕤ䠅㛤Ⓨ䛾䝣䜷䝻䞊䜰䝑䝥
䝥䝋䝸䝳䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿┠ⓗ䛻㐺ྜ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛NONⅆ⅏䝅䝘䝸䜸䛾㑅ᢥNO

㔜኱䛺ኚ᭦䛿
䛒䜛䛛㻫ホ౯᪉ἲཬ䜃䝒䞊䝹䛾㑅ᢥ

NO

YES

ಟṇ

YES

11

ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䛸ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䠖஦౛䝟䝸 – La Canopée desHallesⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛタィ䠖CTICM 䛸CSTB᪋ᕤ䠖Castel et Fromaget12

2014年12月10日ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䛸ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䠖஦౛

Tower Phare
70 㝵ᘓ/ᘓ≀㧗284 m
䛻䜘䜛஦౛EFECTIS France䛻䜘䜛FSE஦౛ㄆᐃᶵ㛵䛸䛧䛶䛾CSTB䛻䜘䜛ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛᑂᰝ

13ⅆ⅏䛻䛚䛡䜛ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䛸ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䠖஦౛
Bègles – Parking Domofrance≉ᛶ✀㢮 : ᪂⠏㠃✚: 26 000 m
m²
཰ᐜྎᩘ: 571
㝵ᩘ : 6
FSE タィ:タィ E2C Atlantique
Atl ti᪋ᕤ : Vilquinㄆᐃᶵ㛵䛸䛧䛶䛾CSTB䛻䜘䜛ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛᑂᰝ

14

2014年12月10日ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ Ꮫ䛸 ✲ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䛸◊✲15ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺ᘓ≀䛻ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲◊✲䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛾䛿䛺䛬䛛┠ⓗ : ᛶ⬟䝧䞊䝇䛾ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᛶ(ⅆ⅏䛻ᑐ䛩䜛཯ᛂ䛸⪏ஂᛶ)䛾㛤Ⓨ䛻䜘䜚䜾䝸䞁ᘓ⠏䛾ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᗘ䜢ᢸಖ䜾䝸䞊䞁ᘓ⠏䛾ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᗘ䜢ᢸಖ
•
•
•

ேయ䛾ಖㆤ
⤒῭ᦆኻ䛾ᢚไ
ⅆ⅏ᚋ䛾䝺䝖䝻䝣䜱䝑䝖

⫼ᬒ

㧗㱋໬

᪂䛯䛺ᘓ⠏ᐇົ

䝸䝇䜽ᅇ㑊ᛶ⬟䛸ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᛶ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯ᘓ⠏タィᘓ⠏㒊㛛䛾㠉᪂䛸㐍໬䜢ᨭ᥼

2014年12月10日ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䛾◊✲㡯┠- ⇕ὶ䝰䝕䝹- ⬟ືⓗ㜵ㆤ⟇: Ỉᄇ㟝/䝇䝥䝸䞁䜽䝷䞊䝸䞁䜽䝷䛸↮䛾㛫䛾┦஫స⏝- ⅖䛾ቨ㈏㏻- CFD ィ⟬䛾୙☜䛛䛥䜺䝇- ᮦᩱ䛾⇕≉ᛶ䛸⇕ὶ᮰- 䝇䝫䞊䝹
◚ቯ(๤㞳)- ෭༷- ᮦᩱ䛾ᶵᲔ≉ᛶ- 䝃䜲䝈ຠᯝ- ᵓ㐀ຠᯝ- ᥋ྜ㒊䛸㛫௙ษቨ䛾ຠᯝ- 䝣䜯䝃䞊䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛⅖䛾ఏ᧛
ຊᏛゎᯒ

⇕ఏᑟ

ⅆ※

ᗘሙ

ᵓ㐀䛾⪏ⅆ≉ᛶヨ㦂య- ᶆ‽᭤⥺䛾ヱᙜᛶ- ୙ᆒ୙ᆒ୍䛺ຍ⇕
䛺ຍ⇕

- ୙ᆒ୍

ᗘ䛾 ᐃ

- ṍ䜏/ኚ఩㔞䛾 ᐃ- 䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗ヨ㦂- ◚ቯᇶ‽- ◚ቯண- 䝺䝖䝻䝣䜱䝑䝖- ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᗘ䛾☜⋡ㄽⓗᡭἲ

17ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᗘホ౯䝒䞊䝹䛾㛤Ⓨ (SCHEMA-SI)⥲ྜⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ゎᯒ䛾☜⋡ㄽⓗ₇⟬䛸䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗஦㇟䝰䝕䝹ᡭἲ㞳ᩓ஦㇟(Ᏻ඲⟇䛾άᛶ໬䚸㛤ཱྀ㒊䛾ᔂቯ䚸
ே䛾⾜Ⅽ䚸䝣䝷䝑䝅䝳䜸䞊䝞䞊)≀⌮⌧㇟(ཎⓎ⇞↝≀䚸↮䛾ື䛝䚸ⅆ⅖䛾ᣑ䛜䜚䛾
ຍ㏿໬)ᇶᮏ SCHEMA-SI䠖㐃⥆஦㇟䚸㞳ᩓ஦㇟䛾ᩘᏛⓗ䛺䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢☜⋡ㄽⓗ䛻ึᮇ᮲௳䜢௵ព䛻タᐃ⾜䛔䚸ᮃ䜎䛧䛛䜙䛼஦㇟䛾⏕㉳㢖ᗘ䜢ィ⟬䚹䝰䞁䝔䜹䝹䝻
䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁
䝅䝅(䝨䝖䝸䝛䝑䝖䝰䝕䝹䛸䠎䝌䞊䞁䝰䝕䝹䜢ᇶ┙䛸䛩䜛䠅Ᏻ඲┠ⓗ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᐃ⩏(Ṛஸ䛾᭷↓䚸Ṛஸ⪅䛾ᩘ䚸⤒῭ᦆኻ䛾㜵Ṇ)

A. Muller, F. Demouge, M. Jeguirim, Ph. Fromy “SCHEMA-SI : A HYBRID FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING TOOL - PART I : TOOL THEORETICAL BASIS”, Fire Safety
g 132-141
Journal, 58 ((2013)) Pages
A. Muller, F. Demouge, M. Jeguirim, Ph. Fromy “SCHEMA-SI : A HYBRID FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING TOOL - PART II : CASE STUDY”, Fire Safety Journal, 58 (2013)
Pages 58-64
18

2014年12月10日

Ỉᄇ㟝/䝇䝥䝸䞁䜽䝷䞊䛸↮䛾㛫䛾┦஫స⏝Ỉᄇ㟝⿦⨨㒊ᒇ-ᗯୗヨ㦂タഛ•••

12 m² ኳ஭㧗2
15 m
• 㒊ᒇ
㒊ᒇ䠖12
ኳ஭㧗2,15• ᗯୗ䠖 9 m 㛗 ኳ஭㧗2,35 m• ⮬↛᥮Ẽ

ᅽຊ= 110 bars
d32 = 23,5 μm
ὶ㔞 = 27,5 l/ศ⇞↝• 䝦䝥䝍䞁• 㠃✚ = 0,09 m2• HRR = 275 kWỈᄇ㟝/䝇䝥䝸䞁䜽䝷䞊䛸↮䛾㛫䛾┦஫స⏝Ỉᄇ㟝/䝇䝥䝸䞁䜽䝷䛸↮䛾㛫䛾┦஫స⏝ⅆ※䛻┤᥋ⓗ䛺Ỉᄇ㟝䛾㐺⏝䛺䛧

19 PAGE19Ỉᄇ㟝/䝇䝥䝸䞁䜽䝷䞊䛸↮䛾㛫䛾┦஫స⏝ⅆ※ + ↮䛾ᒙ໬

FDS䜢⏝䛔䛯ᩘ್䝰䝕䝹5㍽ᑕ⇕䛾ῶ⾶ຠᯝ

4.5
50

4
3.5

100

3
2.5

↮䛸Ỉᄇ㟝/䝇䝥䝸䞁䜽䝷䞊୰䛾ど⏺ホ౯↮䛸Ỉᄇ㟝/䝇䝥䝸䞁䜽䝷୰䛾ど⏺ホ౯

150

2
1.5

䜸䝸䝆䝘䝹

200

1
0.5

250
50

Ȝ = 500 nm
fv = 2.10-4
d = 0.1m

Ȝ = 500 nm
fv = 1.10-3
d = 0.1m

100

150

200

250

300

0

0.4
0.35
50
0.3
0.25

100

0.2
150
0.15
0.1

200

0.05
250
50

20

PAGE
20

100

150

200

250

300

0

ᗘ䛸୙㏱㐣ᗘ䛾 ᐃ

2014年12月10日◊✲㡯┠: ⅆ⅏᮲௳䛻䛚䛡䜛䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛾ᣲື඲⯡ⓗ䛺≉ᚩ
䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖: ⅆ⅖ᭀ㟢ୗ䛾ᣲື䛿୍⯡䛻Ⰻዲ䛧䛛䛧ᐇ㝿䛾ⅆ⅏ᚋ䛾ほᐹ䛷䛿䛧䛛䛧ᐇ㝿䛾ⅆ⅏ᚋ䛾ほᐹ䛷䛿…
- 䝇䝫䞊䝹◚ቯ(๤㞳)- 䜂䜃๭䜜
- 䜎䜜䛻ಽቯ- ⌧ሙ䛷ほᐹ䛥䜜䛯⌧㇟̺ヨ㦂᪋タ(౛䠖ᢲ䛧ᢤ䛝䛫䜣᩿◚ቯ)䛷䛿
ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔䜒䛾䜒䛒䜛䝇䝫䞊䝹◚ቯ

㔜せ䛺◊✲䛰䛜䚸」ᩘ䛾⌧㇟䛻㛵䛩䜛⌮ゎ䛜㝈ᐃ

䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮
-

䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᵓ㐀䛾ᶵᲔᏛⓗᛂ⟅䝇䝫䞊䝹◚ቯ(ᙧ≧䚸ቃ⏺᮲௳䛺䛹䛻౫Ꮡ)᥋ྜ㒊Saint-Gothard䝖䞁䝛䝹

21

IN-SITU⪏ⅆヨ㦂 (౛䠖䝖䞁䝛䝹ෆ)⛣ືᘧ⅔
in situ ヨ㦂⏝䛻タィ䛥䜜䛯䜸䜲䝹⇞ᩱ2䝞䞊䝘⅔
in-situ䝞 䝘⅔෇ᙧⅆཱྀ䜸䜲䝹䝞䞊䝘
䜿䜲㓟䜹䝹䝅䜴䝮
᩿⇕ᯈ⪏⇕ᛶ䝇䝏䞊䝹
䝣䝺䞊䝮

22

䝇䝏䞊䝹〇
䝏
〇
䝣䝺䞊䝮䝃䝫䞊䝖
⛣ືᘧ䜸䜲䝹䝍䞁䜽((1000 L))䝍䞊䝪䝤䝻䝽(15kW) &⇞↝⏝⤥Ẽཱྀ

On site tunnel structures spalling risk assessment by means of a mobile furnace, ISTSS conference 2013
Pardon, D.1, Pimienta, P.1, Hameury, S.1, Hameury, S.1, Pinoteau, N.2, Peyrac P.3, Larive C.2, D’Aloia, L.2, Clec’h, P.3
1 CSTB – Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Université Paris-Est
2 CETU – Centre d’Etudes des Tunnels
3 DRIEA-IF – Département ingénierie Ouvrages d’Art2014年12月10日

VULCAIN̺ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䜢ᨭ᥼኱ᆺ(9 m 㧗䡡7 m 㛗)䝰䝆䝳䞊䝹ᘧ䡡3Dᙧ≧ຊᏛ㈇Ⲵ
ඛ㐍ⓗ䛺෬㔠

23

VULCAIN̺ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䜢ᨭ᥼䝃䜲䝈ຠᯝ⫼ᬒ኱つᶍᘓ⠏㐀ᩘ Òᚑ᮶䛾᪉ᘧ :
3 m x 3 m䛾ヨ㦂య + እᤄ(Ᏻ඲వ⿱ᗘ㎸䜏)VULCAIN䛾ึヨ㦂̺㧗䛔㛫௙ษቨ(6( m x 3 m))Ᏻ඲వ⿱ᗘ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䜛 Î 䝁䝇䝖⠇ῶ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ⛉Ꮫⓗ䛺䜰䝥䝻 䝏⛉Ꮫⓗ䛺䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏ヨ㦂᮲௳䛜ᐇ㝿䛾≧ἣ䛻㏆䛔• 䝃䜲䝈䚸ᙧ≧䚸ቃ⏺᮲௳䚸⇕㈇Ⲵ䛺䛹ᐇ㦂䛸䝰䝕䝹໬䛾⤌ྜ䛫᪉ᘧ
䝰䝕䝹໬:

ヨ㦂䛾タィ
⤖ᯝ䛾⌮ゎྥୖ

ヨ㦂:24䝰䝕䝹䛾ᨵၿ/᳨ド

㠀⥺ᙧᣲື
஧ḟຠᯝ

2014年12月10日

VULCAIN ̺ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䜢ᨭ᥼䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗ヨ㦂ᵓ㐀యᴫㄝ䝝䜲䝤䝸䝑䝗ⅆ⅏ヨ㦂 (HFT) = 䝕䞊䝍䜢䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸䝸䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮䛷஺᥮䛩䜛ୗ఩ᵓ㐀ヨ㦂
-ᗘ䛸ኚ఩㔞䜢䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻ධຊ

ヨ㦂῭䜏
ୗ఩ᵓ㐀

- 䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜ィ⟬䛧䛯ᶵᲔⓗ㈇Ⲵ䜢䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䜛ୗ఩ᵓ㐀

VULCAINᰕヨ㦂ᵓ㐀య䛻㐺⏝฼Ⅼᐇ㝿䛾ሙྜ䛻㏆䛔Ⲵ㔜᮲௳኱ᆺᵓ㐀䜢䛂ヨ㦂䛃䛩䜛⬟ຊ

25

VULCAIN ̺ⅆ⅏Ᏻ඲ᕤᏛ䜢ᨭ᥼୙ᆒ 䛺ⅆ⅏㈇Ⲵ/ 3Dヨ㦂୙ᆒ୍䛺ⅆ⅏㈇Ⲵ/

෭༷

෭༷

෭༷

26

2014年12月10日

ᮌ㐀䝣䜯䝃䞊䝗ୖ䛾ⅆ⅖䛾ᣑ䛜䜚2012ফ6া11঩

272014ফ4া4঩

2014ফ6া11঩

2014ফ10া15঩

10th Japan-France Building and Housing Conference / 23rd Japan-France Building Colloquium Joint Conference
December 10, 2014

ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGSJapan-France Joint Conference, December 10, 2014
Stéphane HAMEURYOUTLINE

1 Fire Safety Engineering & French Regulation
1.
2. Fire Safety Engineering & Research2

December 10, 2014

FIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING & FRENCHREGULATION
3

FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING & FRENCHREGULATIONFROM PRESCRIPTIVE-BASED DESIGN TO PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN IN FIRE
SAFETY

Prescriptive-based design:

Performance-based design:•

Deemed-to-satisfy solutions for simple
buildings
bu
d gs

•

•

Long-felt prescriptive measures(number of deaths is limited withprescriptive regulation)

Fire Safety Engineering (FSE):
definition of all necessaryy fire safetyyobjectives, functional requirements
and performance criteria•

Complex buildings not treated by thefire safety regulation

Simplified control for the application of
rules

•

Promote compensation measures•

Ri k analysis
Risk
l i

•
•

Some fireS
fi safety
f t practitioners
titi
preferf tot
use simple requirements

4December 10, 2014

DEVELOPMENT OF FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING IN
FRANCE
Development of Fire Safety Engineering :•At theth international
i ttil level,ll throughthh ISO/TC 92/SC 4•

At the european level, through CEN/TC 127•

At the national level,
level through a National Project (2005 to 2011) with the objective to lay thefoundations for a harmonious practise of FSE in France http://www.pnisi.fr/

Some FSE approaches according to ISO/TC92/SC4:•

Design fire scenarios and design fires•

Fire and smoke propagation•

Structures in fire•

Behaviour and movement of people•

Strengthening environmental protection•

Active fire protection systems

PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGNINTRODUCED INTO
FRENCH REGULATION IN 2004

5

INTRODUCTION OF FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING INTO
FRENCH REGULATION
Smoke control:•

FSE introduced
i t d
d by
b Ministerial
Mi i t i l orderd off 22/03/2004 only
l forf publicbli bbuildings
ildi•

Practitioners are only Approved Bodies by the Ministory of interior: CSTB (2004),
EFECTIS France (2005),(2005) LNE (2008)(2008), CNPP (2010) & WSP (2014)(2014).

Structures in fire:• FSE introduced by:• Ministerial order of 22/03/2004 covering « Structures in Fires »• Ministerial order of 09/05/2006 modified covering « Covered car parks »• Ministerial
Mi i t i l orderd off 31/12/1999,
31/12/1999 modified
difi d in
i 2006 coveringi « Nuclear
N l
i t ll ti »installation• No Approved Bodies but every studies shall be completed with an assessment carried out
by one of the 3 French Resistance to Fire laboratories: CSTB,CSTB EFECTIS France,
France & CERIB

In public buildings, fire scenarios proposed by the Approved Bodies (smoke
propagation)p
p g) or practitioners
p(structures(in fire)) are validated byy thedepartmental advisory committee of safety and accessibility
6

December 10, 2014

SMOKE CONTROL & PERFORMANCE-BASEDAPPROACH
Fire Safety Engineering in the field
off smokek control:t l• The calculation Models used byy
the AB must be provided• The assumptions and scenarios
shall be in agreement with thelocal authorities• The performance criteria retained
must be clearly identified by theAB• The conclusion of the study
related to the performance criteria
must be provided
7

SMOKE CONTROL & PERFORMANCE-BASEDAPPROACH
In-situ smoke test might be required by the local
authorities to validate the smoke exhaust systems
installed in the buidling and to validate the conclusionof the modelling.
g
Zénith Strasbourg(2006)

Brest Arena (2014)8

December 10, 2014

SMOKE CONTROL & PERFORMANCE-BASEDAPPROACHThe
e recognition
ecog t o by pub
publicc aut
authorities
o t es oof cocompetences
pete ces oof tthee
AB is based on the followings:• Knowledge
g of the regulationg• Aptitude to dialogue with the authorities• Competences in risk analysis
analysis, design of fire scenarios
scenarios,
fire modelling and smoke control• Knowledge about buildings and particularly in the designof smoke control and dimensioning of equipment relating
to it• Independence of the personnel in charge of the studies(no interest in the projects and not remuneration related
to the number of studies carried out and/or with theirresults)
9

STRUCTURES IN FIRE & PERFORMANCE-BASEDAPPROACH
Fire Safety Engineering in the field of structures:

1. Examination of the fire scenarios
2. Agreement of the authorities on the selected fire scenarios
3. Design of the natural thermal actions
4. Design of the thermo mechanical behaviour (no collapse for all fire
duration)

5. Validation of the study by a notified laboratory
6. Establishment of conditions of use of the built environment in order tocontrol the fire scenarios during the life of the building

7. Engagement of the owner to respect these conditions before beginning of
construction
10

December 10, 2014

STRUCTURES IN FIRE & PERFORMANCE-BASEDAPPROACH

PHrimeter of projectFire safety objectives
and associatedcriteria

Preliminaryreviewof
the study
thestudy

Approval of the study

Evaluationoftheproposed
solution

Follow-up
Follow
up of construction

Proposal for a design
solution

Follow-up of the
exploitation of thebuilding (work)
Solution conformNON
to theobjectives ?

Selection of fire
scenariosNO

Significant
changes?
Choice of methods andtools of evaluation

NO

YES

M difi ti
Modifications

YES

11

STRUCTURES IN FIRE & PERFORMANCE-BASEDAPPROACH: EXEMPLES

Paris – La Canopée desHalles
FSE study realised by CTICM &CSTBConstruction by Castel et
Fromaget12December 10, 2014

STRUCTURES IN FIRE & PERFORMANCE-BASEDAPPROACH: EXEMPLES

Tower Phare :70 storey with a height of 284 m
y realised byy EFECTIS France
FSE study
Assessment of the study by CSTB as
Notified Body

13

STRUCTURES IN FIRE & PERFORMANCE-BASEDAPPROACH: EXEMPLES
Bègles – Parking Domofrance
Caractéristiques :Type : new
Surface: 26 000 m
m²
Nombre car places: 571
Nombre of levels : 6
FSE study:
t d E2C Atlantique
Atl tiConstruction : Vilquin
Assessment of the study by CSTB as Notified Body

14

December 10, 2014

FIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING &RESEARCH
15

WHY TO DO FIRE SAFETY RESEARCH ON
SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS?
OBJECTIVE: Guarantee the fire safety level of green buildings by the developmentof performancebased approach of fire safety (reaction and resistance to fire)
performance-based•••

Protect people
Limit economical loss
Retroffiting post-fire event

Co te tContext

Ageing of the
population

New architectural
practicesp

Risk aversion

PERFORMANCEBASED DESIGN OF
FIRE SAFE BUILDINGSS pport inno
Supportinnovation
ation
and transition in
the building sector

December 10, 2014

RESEARCH ASPECTS IN FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING-Thermal flow models-Active pprotection: Interactions
between watermist/ sprinkler andsmoke-Flame through walls-Uncertaintyy in CFD calculationFiresource-Material thermal
propertiespp

Gas temperatures& thermal flux

-Spalling-Coolingg-Material mechanical properties-Size effect-Structure effect-Effect of connections & partition walls-fire spread on facades
Mechanicalanalysis

Thermalconduction
TemperaturefieldsFire structuralresistanceT t d structure
Testedt t-Representativity of standard
curves-Inhomogenoeus heating-Inhomogeneous temperature
measurements-measurement off
strain/displacements-hybrid tests-Failure criteria
Failure prediction-Failure-Retrofitting-Probabilistic
approach of fire
safety level

17

TOOL DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF FIRE
SAFETY LEVEL (SCHEMA-SI)(SCHEMA SI)
Stochastic Computation and Hybrid Event Modeling Approach for Global Fire SafetyyAnalysis
Physicalphenomena(b i object,(burning
bj t
smoke movement,
growth rate of fire,
multi-room two-zone
model)
d l)Monte-carlo
simulation withrandom drawing ofintial conditions
and eventsoccuring
g duringg
the fire

Principle SCHEMA-SI: Numerical

Discrete
events(activation ofsafety measures,
openingi failure,
f il
h
human
action, flashover)simulation of continuous and discrete
phenomena with stochastic
approaches to calculate a frequency ofoccurrence of non-desired events

Defined by safety
objectives (death ofpeople, death ofseveral people,
peopleeconomic loss)

A. Muller, F. Demouge, M. Jeguirim, Ph. Fromy “SCHEMA-SI : A HYBRID FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING TOOL - PART I : TOOL THEORETICAL BASIS”, Fire Safety
g 132-141
Journal, 58 ((2013)) Pages
A. Muller, F. Demouge, M. Jeguirim, Ph. Fromy “SCHEMA-SI : A HYBRID FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING TOOL - PART II : CASE STUDY”, Fire Safety Journal, 58 (2013)
Pages 58-64
18

December 10, 2014

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WATERMIST/ SPRINKLER
AND SMOKE
Watermist system

Room-corridor test facility•••

15 m high• Room 12 m² & 2
2,15• Corridor 9 m long & 2,35 m high• Natural ventilation

Pressure= 110 bars
d32 = 23,5 μm
Flowt = 27,5 l/min

Combustion• Heptane• Surface = 0,09 m2• HRR = 275 kW

Interaction between watermist/sprinkler andsmoke
No direct spraying of watermist on
the fire source

19 PAGE19

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WATERMIST/ SPRINKLER
AND SMOKE
Fire source + smoke stratification

Numerical model using FDS

5

Radiation
attenuation

4.5
50

4
3.5

100

Assesment of visibiliity through smoke and watermist/sprinkler

3
2.5

150

2
1.5

Source

200

1
0.5

250
50

Ȝ = 500 nm
fv = 2.10-4
d = 0.1m

Ȝ = 500 nm
fv = 1.10-3
d = 0.1m

100

150

200

250

300

0

0.4
0.35
50
0.3
0.25

100

0.2
150
0.15
0.1

200

0.05
250
50

20

PAGE
20

100

150

200

250

300

0

Temperature & opacity measurements

December 10, 2014

RESEARCH ASPECTS: CONCRETE BEHAVIOUR IN
FIRE CONDITION
General features
Concrete: good general behavior under fire exposure
However observations after real fires can show :- spalling- cracks- More rarely, collapses- In some cases, observed phenomena have not been observed Spallingin laboratories (punching shear failure for example)
Important research
However, the understanding of several phenomena is limited

Program-Concrete structures mechanical response
Spalling (which depends on geometry, boundary conditions, …)C
Connections
ti

Saint-Gothard tunnel

21

IN-SITU FIRE RESISTANCE TEST (EX. IN TUNNELS)
Mobile Furnace
Oil fired furnace equipped with 2 burners designed for in-situ
Oil-firedin situ tests
tests.

Round-flame
oil burners
Calcium silicate
insulating
board
Heatresistantsteel frame

22

Steel frame
support
Mobile oil tank (1000L))
Turbo blower(15kW) &combustion air
supplyOn site tunnel structures spalling risk assessment by means of a mobile furnace, ISTSS conference 2013
Pardon, D.1, Pimienta, P.1, Hameury, S.1, Hameury, S.1, Pinoteau, N.2, Peyrac P.3, Larive C.2, D’Aloia, L.2, Clec’h, P.3
1 CSTB – Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Université Paris-Est
2 CETU – Centre d’Etudes des Tunnels
3 DRIEA-IF – Département ingénierie Ouvrages d’Art

December 10, 2014

VULCAIN TO SUPPORT FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING

Large size (9 m height – 7 m long)
Modular and 3D shape
Mechanical loading
Advanced metrology

23

VULCAIN TO SUPPORT FIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING:SIZE EFFECTS
Context
Number of large size constructions Ò
Actual classical procedure :tests on 3 m x 3 m + extrapolation (with safety margin)
VULCAIN 1st test on highergppartition wall ((6 m x 3 m)) :Safety margin has been confirmed Î Possible cost saving

Scientific approach
Test conditions closer to the real situation• size, geometry, boundary conditions, thermal load …
Experiments and modeling coupled approach
Modeling:

designing the tests
Better results understanding

Test:
24

Improvement/validation of the models

Non linear behavior
Second order effectDecember 10, 2014

VULCAIN TO SUPPORT FIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING:HYBRID TESTSStructure

Introduction
Hybrid Fire Test (HFT) = test on a substructure
where data is exchanged in real time with asimulation.
simulation- Temperatures and displacements are
injected in the simulation,

SIMULATED
Substructure

VULCAINC
Colomn- Loads calculated by the simulation are
applied on the test structure.

TESTED
Substructure

Benefits
Loading closer to the real case
Capacity to “test” larger size structures

25

VULCAIN TO SUPPORT FIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING: INHOMOGENEOUS FIRE LOADS & 3D
SHAPE TESTING

cold

cold

cold
ld

26

December 10, 2014

FIRE SPREAD ON WOODEN FACADES

11/06/2012

27

04/04/2014

11/06/2014

15/10/2014