２０１６年度

明治大学MIMS現象数理学共同研究集会

比較動物学と現象数理学から考える「海の霊長類」の知の表現法

２０１６年１２月１５日（木）・１６日（金）明治大学中野キャンパス６階研究セミナー室６０３

研究集会概要

本研究集会は、軟体動物という低次な分類群に属するものの、高次動物並みに発達した巨大脳やヒトと酷似するレンズ眼という知性基盤を備えることから「海の霊長類」と称される頭足類（イカ・タコ）を題材として、その知性行動を議論の対象とする。すなわち、高度な学習や記憶、神経支配された多彩で迅速な体色パターンによるコミュニケーション、複雑な個体間関係と順位制を有する群れ社会など、頭足類が見せる多様な高次脳機能に注目し、それらの行動形態を頭足類の“知の表現法”と捉える。そして、頭足類にみる知の表現法がどのように進化したと考えられるのかを、ヒト、霊長類、鳥類、昆虫、粘菌など異なる分類群の動物との比較から読み解く試みを行う。そして、頭足類にみる知の表現法を解読する新たなアプローチとして、現象数理学に注目し、適用可能な研究アプローチを検討する。

なお、本研究集会は、共同利用拠点・明治大学MIMS現象数理学拠点の共同研究集会の一つとして開催する。

組織委員

上山大信（明治大学／MIMS）
池田譲（琉球大学）

岩本真裕子（島根大学）

プログラム（敬称略）
１２月１５日（木）

９：３０
９：５０

受付開始
opening remarks 池田譲（琉球大）「なぜ海の霊長類なのか：趣旨説明に代えて」

session 1
１０：００
１０：５５
１１：００
１１：５５

和田年史（兵庫県立大）「頭足類の繁殖行動に見られる知の表現」
休憩
江島亜樹（東京大）「〜可塑性を生み出す情報統合機構〜背景依存的・経験依存的なショウジョウバエ求愛行動制御機構」
昼食

session 2
１３：３０
１４：２５

伊澤栄一（慶應義塾大）「カラスの行動と身体空間」
休憩
西森拓（広島大）

１４：３０

１５：２５

「Intelligent Group behavior by not-necessarily intelligent
Individuals:
Autonomous Task Allocation Dynamics of Foraging Ants 」
休憩session 3
１５：４０
１６：３５
１６：４０
１８：００

杉本親要（琉球大/OIST）「アオリイカ群れのソーシャルネットワーク」
休憩
末松J.信彦（明治大）「アクティブマターに見られる時空間パターン」
懇親会

１２月１６日（金）session 4
１０：００
１０：５５
１１：００
１１：５５

安室春彦（琉球大）「トラフコウイカの行動発達と環境エンリッチメント効果」
休憩
井上英治（東邦大）「霊長類の分散パターンと血縁構造」
昼食

session 5
１３：３０
１４：２５
１５：２０
１５：２５
１６：２０

中垣俊之（北海道大）「単細胞生物のちょっと賢いはなし」
伊藤亜紗（東京工業大）「視覚障害者における認知と運動の技法」
休憩
伊藤浩史（九州大）「イカの提灯の制御」
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1233133123
1[1] Emery, N. J., & Clayton, N. S. (2004) The mentality of crows: Convergent evolution ofintelligence in corvids and apes. Science, 306, 1903-1907.
[2](2009)(, 79, 678-681.

(“”[3] Güntürkün, O., & Bugnyar, T. (2016) Cognition without cortex. Trends in CognitiveSciences, 20m 291-303.

-:-:- -DGAATAFAnts have evolved to the present forms from the same ancestor with bees,
through which evolution process they have simplified their own structure and thebehavior of each, whereas cooperative behavior as a mass of them has got more
and more complex and sophisticated. Hence, they have obtained various kinds of“ social functions ” and are now enjoying the highest level of prosperity among
various animals on the earth. We have focused on the for- aging behavior of ants
and have performed experiments and mathematical modeling mainly on theirgroup behaviors: In experiments, we have shown that the navigation in foraging
walk of ants (Lasius Japonicus) is strongly aﬀected not only by chemical cues but
also by visual cues, and that the priority between these cues is switched flexibly
in accordance with their temporal situation[1]. Through mathematical modeling,
we have shown that the group foraging of ants is optimized by the eﬀective use oferrors(noise) in following chemical cues in their foraging walk, where the type of
optimally erroneous groups of ants are twofold; uni- form (group ofhomogeneously erroneous ants) or non-uniform(binary-mixture of strongly
erroneous and almost error-free ants) depending on temporal feeding
environment[2]. In the present presentation, we report the above results, and, inaddition, we briefly introduce our recent experiments on the statistical behavior
of colonies of ants using both i)very-tiny RFID tags (smaller than 0.5mm × 0.5mm)
attached to each body of all ants and ii)sensors attached to gates connecting a nest
and foraging arenas. By analyzing the obtained“ big-data of ant society ” after
more than three-months continuous measurement, we found various kinds ofstatistical structure of the ant society in which sophisticated task allocation
among ants and its dynamical reorganization took place. In particular, our data
indicates that the response threshold model which has widely been believed toexplain the task allocation dynamics of ants should be reconsidered.
I[1]Y.Ogihara, et. al, “ Switching of Primarily Relied Information by Ants; A
Combinatorial Study of Experiment and Modeling ”, in Mathematical
Approaches to Biological Systems: Networks, Oscillations and CollectiveMotions, (Springer, 2015)[2].H.Nishimori et.al., Proc.of AROB 20th (The Twentieth InternationalSymposium on Ar- tificial Life and Robotics), 879-882(2015)

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Chikatoshi Sugimoto, Ryoko Yanagisawa, Ryuta Nakajima and Yuzuru Ikeda
Observations of schooling behaviour in the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana in coastal
waters of Okinawa Island. Marine Biodiversity Records, 6, e34, 2013.
Chikatoshi Sugimoto and Yuzuru Ikeda. Ontogeny of schooling behavior in the ovalsquid Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Fisheries Science, 78, 2872294, 2012.
Chikatoshi Sugimoto and Yuzuru Ikeda. in preparation.
,,.
]. DNA, 21, 1082111, 2013.

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