Journal of Global Resources
Biannual International Peer-Reviewed Journal
ISSN: 2395-3160 (Print)/2455-2445 (Online)

January 2021
Volume 07 (01)
Crossref DOI 10.46587

DOI: 10.46587/JGR.2021.v07i01.016

16OPTIMIZATION OF ROUTES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLIDWASTE IN BAHADURGARH CITY OF HARYANA
Sushila Devi1 and S.K. Bansal2
Ph.D. Scholar 2Professor, Department of Geography
Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Haryana, India
Email: bansal_sudhir@rediffmail.com
1Abstract: An important functional element in the solid waste management system is thetransportation of the solid waste from the source to its’ ultimate fate. An effective solid waste
management system is needed to ensure better human health and safety in any urban
locality. More often, it appears difficult to minimize two variables – cost and environmental
impact simultaneously. Hence, the balance that needs to be struck is to reduce the overall
environmental impact of the waste management system as far as possible within an
acceptable cost limit. (Ghose et al., 2006). Therefore, any improvement in the collection
system can reduce overall cost significantly. In this paper, efforts have been made to findout an optimal MSW collection and transportation scheme that focus on the problem ofminimizing the length of each waste collection and transportation route in Bahadurgarh cityof Haryana. GIS has been found to play a significant role in the domain of finding the optimalroutes for the transportation of municipal solid waste to the recovery stations or the disposalsites. The optimal routes have been optimized on the basis of various criteria e.g. locationof collection points, width of roads and traffic volume etc. The proposed scheme is able toreduce more than 30 percent of the total waste collection path length.
Key words: Municipal Solid Waste, Waste Management System, Transportation
Introduction
Solid waste collection and its transportation involves storage at the generation and pick-up
points pick up by the crew, trucks driving around the neighbourhood, and truck transport toa transfer station or disposal point. The collection of municipal solid waste is a difficult,complex and costly affair. Collection of solid waste typically, consumes 60-80 percent of
the total solid waste budget of a community. Therefore, any improvement in the collection
system can reduce overall cost significantly (Gaurav K. Singh, et al, 2014). The present
situation of direct dumping of the waste without proper inspection and separation leaves aserious impact of environmental pollution causing a tremendous growth in health-related
problems [Bhambulkar, A. V., 2011]. It is very essential to synchronize the whole operationof collection of waste with the transportation for effective management of waste and forachieving cost efficiency in the process of waste management.
Study Area
Bahadurgarh is among the most rapidly developing cities in the National Capital Region.
Bahadurgarh town is situated on Delhi-Hisar National Highway number 9 at a distance of
2 Kilometres from Tikri border (Delhi). It is located on the intersection of 76º55'25" East
longitude and 28º43'50" North latitude. Population of the city is growing day by day due to
its location, availability of resources and job opportunities. But lack of commensurate
investment in urban infrastructure and services has resulted in an overall deterioration ofurban quality of life. The problem of solid waste can be seen and smell at every nook andcorner of the city. So, it is significant to identify and select optimal routes for thetransportation of waste. So that it can reduce the total expenditure of time and money. An132

economic and environment friendly transportation is an integral part of the whole municipal
solid waste management system.
Objectives
The present study mainly aims to find optimal transportation routes from the waste bins
and the collection points to the disposal site located at Nayagaon in Bahadurgarh city.
Materials and Methods
The present study is based on both spatial and non-spatial data which was obtained fromthe Municipal Council office and field. Spatial data such as Top sheets at a scale of
1:50,000, Municipal Council map of Bahadurgarh city, town and Country Planning Map ofBahadurgarh city and non-spatial data related to the existing SWM system detail i. e.
generation of waste, number of storage bins, number and type of vehicles for transportationof waste, transportation routes and waste disposal site etc. has been obtained from thesanitary department of the BMC. The optimal routes have been optimized on the basis ofvarious criteria as follows: Location of collection points
 Width of roads
 Amount of waste generation
 Traffic volume
 location of schools, colleges and religious places disposal site
GIS has been used to analyse all the collected data. It consists of a geo-referenced spatial
database, which includes all required parameters for MSWM. These parameters involve
sanitary wards, collection points, transportation road network, as well as the location andcapacity of disposal sites.
Transportation of Waste in Bahadurgarh
The ultimate fate of MSW in Bahadurgarh is reaching to the disposal site and no recovery
or recycling station comes in between from the collection point to the disposal site. It is theresponsibility of Municipal Council of Bahadurgarh to collect the waste from different waste
collection points and transport it to the bigger collection points or directly to the disposalsite at Nayagaon through whatever the vehicular fleet available to do the same. There areno fixed routes of the vehicles for the transportation of waste from different collection points
in the city to the disposal site at Nayagaon. The transporting vehicles collect the waste fromthe collection points on the basis of the demand of local residents and amount of waste
generated and then deposit it at the disposal site at Nayagaon. The transporting vehicles
play an important role in success of the whole solid waste management system. The
collection efficiency of the total waste completely depends on the type and capacity of thetransporting vehicles. The transport fleet of the BMC consists of the following:
Table: 01 Vehicular Fleet of Bahadurgarh Municipal Council
Number of Vehicles
TypeSize10
Big tractors
6/11*4 feet height (approx. 2.5 tons)
1
Swaraj Mazda
3.3 cum (approx. 3 ton)
10
Mini Tractors
6/6 (1 ton)
15
Cycle Cart2Loaders
1
JCB
Source: Bahadurgarh Municipal Council, Bahadugarh, 2017

The ten big tractors take at least two trips daily from the collection points to thedisposal site and more trips depend upon the amount of waste on collection points. Mini
tractors and cycle carts are used for the house to house collection of waste. Two loaders133are used to lift the waste from the open collection points and load that waste in the big
tractors for transportation to the disposal site.
Requirement of Waste Transporting Vehicles
It has become clear after analysing the existing system of waste collection andtransportation that there is a dearth of vehicles to improve the collection efficiency. At theonset in the direction to improvement, requirement of five trucks with hydraulic container
with a capacity of minimum 7 MT and if possible, with cover.
Optimization of Waste Collection and Transportation
The development of optimal routing scenarios is a very complex task, based on various
selective criteria, most of which are spatial in nature. Keeping in mind the criteria, two typesof routes have been optimized in Bahadurgarh city:
Route Type 1
The first are the smaller routes which aim to assist in the primary collection of waste fromthe smaller waste bins and disposing it in the larger cemented waste bins. The transportingvehicles on these routes will be of small size as possessed by the BMC. The mini tractors
with the capacity of 1 to 1.5 MT will move on these roads as in the areas across line par do
not have wider roads to move a bigger vehicle than these mini tractors. These tractors areused for the door to door collection of waste in the city. These mini tractors can carry on
their work during the day in the residential areas as there is no problem of traffic congestionin these areas. The Figure: 1 shows smaller routes connecting all the smaller waste binsto the larger ones.
Figure 01: Transportation Routes from Smaller to Larger Waste Bins Bahadurgarh City

Route Type 2
The second type of routes are the longer routes which will connect all the larger cemented
waste bins to the disposal site situated at Nayagaon. These longer routes will not cross thebusiest roads of the city except few exceptions where there is no chance for adopting anyother route.

134Figure 02: Optimal Transportation Routes Bahadurgarh CityCleaning of Waste Bins
The larger cemented waste bins are to be cleared twice a day. Once in early morning before
8:00 o’clock and once on the onset of evening in between 3:00 to 4:00 PM. During thesecollection hours, the traffic on the major roads will on the least especially in the morning.
The proposed 5 trucks with larger capacity of minimum 5 MT capacity and the existing big
tractor-trailers will move on the roads for the waste collection from these larger cemented
waste bins. The loading time at each collection point is assumed to be 20 minutes when
the loading is done manually. Two sanitary workers will accompany the truck along withone driver. The speed limit of the vehicles will be 20 km/hour. The table; 2 shows theapproximate time to be taken by one vehicle from the collection point to reach the disposalsite situated at Nayagaon. The loading time is included in the total time to be taken by all
the vehicles and is considered to be 20 minutes for one vehicle.
Table 02: Time to be Taken by the vehicles to reach Disposal Site (approx.)
Location of Collection Point
Sec-16 A+B
City Park
Civil Hospital
Krishna Nagar
Old Court Road
Line ParLine Par
RamnagarBus standWestern Jua Drain
Mela Ground (Badli road)
Mela Ground (Ballor road)

Distance from Disposal
Site (in kms.)
8.8
9.4
5.9
4.2
5.0
7.1
7.0
7.1
6.3
8.0
4.3
4.8

Time to be taken to reach
Disposal Site (in minutes)
4648
38
33
35
42
41
42
40
45
33
35

The collection points located at the Mela ground on Badli road and Ballor road can
be cleared at any time in the day after clearing the waste from the above-mentioned
collection points and before the repeat clearing starts as there are no issues related totraffic congestion.

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Conclusion
The transportation of municipal solid waste is an important and obligatory service to beprovided to the residents of the city by the authorities. The process of transportation ofwaste starts from the collection of waste from the household and it leads to the community
bins and then to the disposal site. Here, an optimal routing pattern was identified that turned
out to be profitable and consume less time compared to the existing execution route for thetransportation of municipal solid waste. As it is clear from various studies that thetransportation of alone consumes more than 50 percent of the total sanitary budget, thissmall improvement in the collection operation can result in a significant saving in the total
cost and our environment as well.
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