論文 / 著書情報
Article / Book Information
題目(和文)

専門知識の差により発言力が不均衡な集団におけるアイデア創出のための共創デザイン手法の開発

Title(English)

Development of co-design tools for collective ideation under a power
asymmetry context due to differences in expertise

著者(和文)

田岡祐樹

Author(English)

Yuki Taoka

出典(和文)

学位:博士(学術),学位授与機関:東京工業大学,
報告番号:甲第11210号,
授与年月日:2019年3月26日,
学位の種別:課程博士,
審査員:齊藤 滋規,西條 美紀,梅室 博行,野原 佳代子,藤井 晴行

Citation(English)

Degree:Doctor (Academic),
Conferring organization: Tokyo Institute of Technology,
Report number:甲第11210号,
Conferred date:2019/3/26,
Degree Type:Course doctor,
Examiner:,,,,

学位種別(和文)

博士論文

Category(English)

Doctoral Thesis

種別(和文)

論文要旨

Type(English)

Summary

Powered by T2R2 (Tokyo Institute Research Repository)

（博士課程）Doctoral Program論 文 要 旨ＴＨＥＳＩＳ ＳＵＭＭＡＲＹ

系・コース：
Department of, Graduate major in

機械
エンジニアリング
デザイン

学生氏名：
Student’s Name

田岡 祐樹

系コース

申請学位（専攻分野）：

博士

Academic Degree Requested

Doctor of

指導教員（主）：Academic Supervisor(main)

（学術 ）

齊藤 滋規

指導教員（副）：Academic Supervisor(sub)要旨（英文 800 語程度）
Thesis Summary （approx.800 English Words ）Chapter 1 “Introduction” outlines the brief backgrounds of co‐design and gives research objectives of this thesis. Co‐design has been seen
as a promising way of solving social wicked problems. Co‐design involves non‐designers, who are not trained as designers, into the design
process. Involving non‐designers leads to form power asymmetry due to differences of participants’ expertise. Therefore, it is essential todevelop new designated tools for better participation of non‐designers. As designing is cultural dependent activities, development of thetools should take culture into account. Participants may perceive the power asymmetry differently depending on one of their cultural value
orientation, sensitivity to unequal power (PDI: Power Distance Index). Therefore, this study aims to clarify impacts of cultural difference,
especially PDI, on idea generation and selection of co‐design activities in which people having different level of expertise of design andpropose tools for the purpose.
Chapter 2 “Co‐designing as a cultural dependent activity” links national culture and co‐design process by describing theoreticalbackgrounds of co‐design, criteria proposed to measure national cultures in anthropology research and related studies investigating culturaldifference and design process. This chapter argues that it is important to investigate impacts of participants’ PDI on power asymmetry due
to expertise in idea generation and selection activities in co‐design, especially in a high PDI context such as Japan.
Chapter 3 “How co‐design has been implemented in practice in Japan” explores what are barriers and how professional designers deal withthem by interview with professional designers who have experiences in both high and low PDI contexts. The interview found that thepower asymmetry has both positive and negative impacts on collaboration in design activities. As a positive side, people in with moreexpertise can facilitate discussion, which leads to better discussion. On the other hand, in most cases, people with less expertise becomeless active in design discussion because they are intimidated by the presence of people with more expertise. The interviews with designers
suggested that, in a high PDI context, the collaboration within a co‐design group would be affected by the presence of a person ‘withauthority’ (e.g. a professional designer), while this would not be the case in a low PDI context.
Chapter 4 “Cultural difference and influence of power asymmetry due to differences in expertise on co‐design” describes the impact of thepower asymmetry in co‐design workshop by focusing on difference of PDI. The experiment was conducted with ten people from high power
distance countries and ten people from low power distance countries. In the experiment, the participants were asked to generate ideas
with and without professional designers. The impact of the presence of designers and cultural differences were analyzed by protocol
analysis and participants’ perception of collaboration. The results suggest that presence of design experts intimidates non‐designers in highPDI groups, which leads to less varieties of opinions were tended to be shared during idea generation.
Chapter 5 “Impacts of anonymity on idea generation and selection in co‐design” describes an experiment with twenty‐four Japanese
university students to investigate the impact of anonymity at design discussion in groups with the power asymmetry. In the experiment, theparticipants were asked to generate ideas and select an idea either in anonymous condition or in identified condition. Anonymity wasoffered with a setup where each participants cannot see with each other. The result suggests that anonymity do not have significant
impacts on idea generation but do have significant impacts of idea selection. To be precise, anonymity increased the number of comments
regarding negative sides of ideas, which leads to critical discussion.
Chapter 6 “Development of Tools offering anonymity for idea generation and selection in co‐design” reports development of two tools
offering anonymity in order to investigate impacts of anonymity in a condition which is closer to practical design workshops. The author
conducted an experiment with sixteen Japanese university students. In the experiment, the participants were asked to conduct design tasks
with and without the tools; one tool for idea generation and the other tool for idea selection. The results imply that both of the tools havepositive impacts on design activities. The tool for idea generation significantly increased creativity of participants and the tool for idea
selection increased the number of comments of both positive and negative aspects of ideas in idea selection.
Chapter 7 “Conclusion” discuss overall findings. The findings have the potential to inform the development of tailor‐made co‐design
methods which are eventually expected to help designers and non‐designers collaboratively produce valuable outcomes for the society.

備考 : 論文要旨は、和文 2000 字と英文 300 語を 1 部ずつ提出するか、もしくは英文 800 語を 1 部提出してください。
Note : Thesis Summary should be submitted in either a copy of 2000 Japanese Characters and 300 Words (Engｌish) or 1copy of 800
Words (English).
注意：論文要旨は、東工大リサーチリポジトリ（T2R2）にてインターネット公表されますので、公表可能な範囲の内容で作成してください。
Attention: Thesis Summary will be published on Tokyo Tech Research Repository

Website (T2R2).