エコテクノロジーで環境汚染問題に取り組む

Tackling Pollution
through
Ecotechnology
November 18, 2015 (Wed.)

Acknowledgement from
Honda Y-E-S Awardee Representatives
Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015 could not be realized
without these following people and organizations
who helped us in different ways. First of all, we
would like to express our deepest appreciation
to Honda Foundation that provided the fund andwonderful staff creating this forum.

and Technology, Japan International Cooperation
Agency, participating universities and Y-E-S
awardees studying in Japan for paying attention.

Special thanks go to the guest speakers who gave
meaningful suggestions.

Furthermore we would also like to acknowledge
with much appreciation the Yayoi Auditorium Ichijo
hall, The University of Tokyo and the staffs who gave
the permission to use all required equipment andnecessary materials to complete the task.

A special gratitude we give to Japan Science andTechnology Agency (JST), Urban Environment and
Health in Asia (UEHAS), Science and Technology
Leadership Association (STeLA) for their supportand encouragement, which helped us to coordinate
our forum.
We would like to acknowledge Embassies of
Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam inJapan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science

Many thanks go to the poster contestants who madefull efforts in presenting their research themes.

We have to appreciate the guidance given by otherpeople who were present in the hall that improved Y-E-S
Awardees’ skill thanks to their comments and advice.
Last but not least, we would like to give a big thankto all Honda Y-E-S Alumni Members that sacrificed
their own time to make this forum significantly.

Contents
Excerpts from the Distributed Program (with Modifcation)
Outline of the Event (from the Program Cover Page) ......................................................................................... 2
Message from the President ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Program ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Speaker Profile ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Opening Remarks .................................................................................................................................................................................. 9• Hiroto Ishida, President, Honda Foundation• Nishita Mohan, 2012 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in India

Presentations by the Y-E-S Awardees ............................................................................................ 13
Vietnam

Ecotechnological Solutions to Water Pollution in Vietnam

India

Dare to Take a Deep Breath?
—Air pollution in India and learning from developed countries—

Cambodia

Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater, Cambodia

Laos

Garbage, Main Environmental Problem in Lao PDR

MyanmarPlanning to Turn Trash into Gas and Electricity

Keynote Speech 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 45
Scientific Technology for Environmental Conservation
Masanori Fujita, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Osaka University

Keynote Speech 2 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 56
How Can Remote Sensing Contribute to Tackling Climate Change?
Yoshifumi Yasuoka, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, the University of Tokyo

Panel Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................................ 71
Research Poster Contest ................................................................................................................................................. 75
Closing Remarks ................................................................................................................................................................................ 81• Mr. Akira Kojima, Advisor, Japan Center for Economic Research• Ein Kaung, 2014 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in Myanmer

The Way Forward ............................................................................................................................................................................. 84
Contact Information of Honda Y-E-S Awardees ...................................................... 85

Message from the President

ご 挨 拶
現代社会は、急速な技術の発展により、高度の経済成長と飛躍的な繁栄を達成しましたが、その一方で、環境破壊や公害問題などの深刻かつ複雑な問題を発生させることになりました。
先進国は、その発展の過程で直面したこうした問題を乗り越えるべく、制度改革、技術革新などに取り組み、課題の克服に向けて一定の成果を上げてきました。一方開発途上国の一部は、現在その発展の萌芽の時期を脱して飛躍的な成長の段階へ移行しつつありますが、経済活動の拡大に伴う大気、水、土壌などの汚染をはじめとする環境問題も顕在化してきています。今こそ、世界の国々が手を結び、過去の教訓を活かして同じことが繰り返されないように対処することが期待されており、それこそが人類のあるべき進化の姿であると考えます。
今回が初めての開催となる「Honda Y-E-S Forum」
は、地域の課題認識、その解決に科学技術が果たすべき役割
や、国境を越えた協力関係の構築などについて、日本を含むアジアの若手科学者・エンジニアが中心となって議論を行う場として企画されました。プログラムに関わる各国が協力し合いながら、理工系の人材育成ならびに人的ネット
ワーク拡大に貢献することがその狙いです。
アジアの、そして世界の国々が、人間を取り巻く環境に配慮しながら、お互いに手を携えてどのように人類の発展の道筋を描いていくのか。これから地球の未来を背負って立つ若い人々の成長に、我々の取組が少しでも貢献できるな
ら、大変幸いなことであります。

Modern societ y has achieved spectacular economic
growth and prosperity through rapid technological innovation. On the other hand, these achievements haveresulted in grave and complex problems, including environmental destruction and pollution.
Confronting these issues in the process of development,
industrialized nations have produced results in overcoming them to some extent, through structural reform, innovative technologies, etc. Among some of the developing
countries, a transition is taking place with economic
development moving away from its initial infancy stage
toward dramatic growth. However, environmental issues
represented by contamination of the air, water, soil, etc.,
have become chronic alongside the expansion in economic
activities. Now is the time for countries around the world
to join hands and take action, to avoid repeating their mistakes and learn from lessons from the past. This is the
direction in which we believe humankind should evolve.
The Honda Y-E-S Forum, held for the first time this year,
had been organized to provide a place for discussion
among the young scientists and engineers of Asia, including Japan, to raise consciousness of issues in the region
and the role that science and technology should fulfill inresolving them. The Forum hopes to contribute to thedevelopment of human resources in science and technology field, and the growth of human networks in the area
through cooperation between countries involved in the
program.
How are the countries of Asia and the rest of the world tocooperate and plan together the direction of progress forhumankind, with their attention focused on the environment surrounding us? Answering this question is the purpose of this Forum. We hope that through our activities
we can do something to encourage young people, since thefuture of our planet lies in their hands.

公益財団法人 本田財団
理事長

Hiroto Ishida

President, Honda Foundation

Honda Y-E-S Forum 20153

プ ログラム
9：00

開場

9：30

開会あいさつ Opening Remarks
石田 寛人 本田財団 理事長 Hiroto Ishida, President, Honda Foundation

9：45

Y-E-S奨励賞受賞者によるプレゼンテーション Presentations by the Y-E-S Awardees

Doors Open■ベトナム Vietnam

ベトナムの水質汚染に対するエコテクノロジーの適用
Ecotechnological Solutions to Water Pollution in Vietnam■インド India

深呼吸する覚悟はありますか？
̶インドの大気汚染と先進国に学ぶこと̶
Dare to Take a Deep Breath?
—Air pollution in India and learning from developed countries—■カンボジア Cambodia

カンボジアにおける地下水の砒素汚染
Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater, Cambodia■ラオス Laos

ラオスの環境問題̶廃棄物について
Garbage, Main Environmental Problem in Lao PDR■ミャンマー Myanmar

廃棄物から再生エネルギーを
Planning to Turn Trash into Gas and Electricity

11：25

研究ポスターコンテストプレゼンテーション Research Poster Contest Presentation

12：20

ランチタイム／研究ポスター観覧・投票 Lunch time / Research Poster Viewing and Voting

13：45

基調講演 1

Keynote Speech 1■環境保全における科学技術 Scientific Technology for Environmental Conservation
藤田正憲氏 大阪大学名誉教授 工学博士
Masanori Fujita, Ph. D.
Professor Emeritus of Osaka University

14：15

基調講演 2

Keynote Speech 2■気候変動対策へのリモートセンシングの貢献
安岡善文氏 東京大学名誉教授 工学博士
Yoshifumi Yasuoka, Ph. D.
Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo

How Can Remote Sensing Contribute to Tackling Climate Change?

（休憩15分 15-minute Break）

15：00

パネルディスカッション Panel Discussion

モデレーター : 角南篤氏

政策研究大学院大学教授 政治学博士

Atsushi Sunami, Ph.D.
Professor of National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies（休憩20分 20-minute Break）

16：35

研究ポスターコンテスト発表＆表彰
Award Ceremony for Research Poster Contest

16：50

閉会挨拶 Closing Remarks

17：00

閉会 Closing■Y-E-S奨励賞＊とは？
2006年に当財団創設30周年を迎えることを機に始まった、
科学技術分野における将来のリーダー育成を目的に、学生に奨励金を授与する表彰制度です。現在はベトナム、
インド、
カンボジア、
ラオス、
ミャンマーの5カ国で開催しており、多くの受賞者が日本に留学しています。
＊Honda Young Engineer and Scientist’s Award 略称：Y-E-S（ワイ・イー・エス）
奨励賞■ What is Honda Y-E-S Award＊
The Honda Foundation started the Honda Y-E-S Award program to foster future leaders of science and technology
fields in 2006 as a part of the Honda Foundation's 30th anniversary project. It is Implemented in Vietnam, India,
Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar, and many awardees come to study in Japan.

＊Honda Young Engineer and Scientist’s AwardSpeaker Profile

Vietnam

ベトナム
Nguyen Trung Kien

Le Nguyen Kim Hai

Ngo Khac Hoang

2006年ベトナムY-E-S奨 励賞受賞者／ハノイ工科大学情 報
技術専攻／現在、ハノイ工科大学研究員

2010年ベトナムY-E-S奨励賞受
賞者／ベトナム国家大学ホーチミン市校工科大学情報科学専攻／現在、TTT建設＆トレーディン
グ株式会社購買マネージャー

2013年 ベトナムY-E-S奨 励 賞
受賞者／ベトナム国家大学ハノイ校工科大学電子工学・電気通信 専 攻 ／ 現 在、仏 パリサクレ
大学修士課程Rohit Singh Sahani

Mayur Rastogi

Nishita Mohan

2009年インドY-E-S奨 励賞受
賞者／インド工科大学デリー校
電力工学専攻／現在、ボストン
コンサルティンググループ シニ
アアソシエイト2011年インドY-E-S奨 励 賞 受
賞 者／インド工 科 大 学カラグ
プール校化学工学専攻／現在、シポヤ社ファウンダー

2012年インドY-E-S奨 励賞受
賞者／インド工科大学マドラス校
バイオテクノロジー専攻／現在、
米 ハーバード大学博士課程2006 Y-E-S Awardee in Vietnam
Information Technology,
Hanoi Universit y of Science andTechnology
Currently working as a Researcher
at the above university

2010 Y-E-S Awardee in Vietnam
Computer Science and Enginering,
University of Technology, Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh City
Currently working as a Purchasing
Manager at T T T Construction &Trading Corp

2013 Y-E-S Awardee in Vietnam
Electronics and Telecommunications,
Uni v er si t y o f Engine er ing and
Te chnolo g y, V ie t nam N a t ional
University, Hanoi
Currently studying in a master’scourse at University of Paris-Saclay

India

インド
2011 Y-E-S Awardee in India
Chemical Engineering,
Indian Ins titute of Technology,
Khargpur
Currently working as an Founder at
Shipoya2009 Y-E-S Awardee in India
Electrical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Currently working as a Senior Associate
at Boston Consulting Group2012 Y-E-S Awardee in India
Biotechnology,
Indian Ins titute of Technolog y,
MadrasCurrently studying in a doctor’scourse at Harvard University

Cambodia

カンボジア
Sok Sikieng

Nget Rachana

2008年カンボジアY-E-S奨励賞受賞者／王立プノンペン大学
科学部コンピューターサイエンス
専攻／現在、
フリーランスWeb
Developer

2013年カンボジアY-E-S奨励賞受賞者／王立プノンペン大学科
学部コンピューターサイエンス専
攻／現在、
京都大学修士課程

2008 Y-E-S Awardee in Cambodia
Computer Science
The Ins titute of Science, Royal
University of Phnom Penh
Currently working as a Freelance
Web Developer

2013 Y-E-S Awardee in Cambodia
Computer Science,
Royal University of Phnom Penh
Currently studying in a master’scourse at Kyoto University※所属・役職名は開催当時のものです。
*Organizations and titles are at the time of the Forum.

Honda Y-E-S Forum 20155

Speaker Profile

Laos

ラオス
Vernsone Phengsoulith

Manyda Phothirath

2008年ラオスY-E-S奨励賞受
賞者／ラオス国立大学工学部
交通 運輸工学専 攻／現在、
ラ
オス国立大学講師

2010年ラオスY-E-S奨 励賞受
賞者／ラオス国立大学工学部
道 路 交 通 工 学 専 攻 ／ 現 在、Lao Transport Engineering
Consultant 橋梁技術者

2008 Y-E-S Awardee in Laos
Transportation Engineering,
Facult y of Engineering, National
University of Laos.
Currently working as an Instructor
at the above university

Myanmar

ミャンマー
Ein Kaung
2014年ミャンマー Y-E-S奨 励
賞受賞者／工科大学モウビ校
電 子 機 械 工 学 専 攻 ／ 現 在、SMART Group インターン
2014 Y-E-S Awardee in Myanmer
Mechatronics,
Technological University（Hmawbi）
Currently working as an intern at
SMART Group of Companies※所属・役職名は開催当時のものです。
*Organizations and titles are at the time of the Forum.

6

Honda Y-E-S Forum 20152010 Y-E-S Awardee in Laos
Road-Transportation Engineering,
Facult y of Engineering, National
University of Laos
Cur r en t l y w or k ing a s a Br idge
Engineer at Lao Transport Engineering
Consultant

Speaker Profile

大阪大学名誉教授

Masanori Fujita, Ph.D.

専門：水質管理工学、生物環境工学

Professor Emeritus of Osaka University
Major research fields: Water Science and Environmental
Biotechnology, Water Quality Engineering

藤田 正憲 博士
1966年大阪 大学大学院 工学 研究科 醗 酵工学専 攻 博士課 程 退学、
1966年大阪市職員、1971年大阪大学工学部環境工学科助手、講師、助教授、1989年大阪大学教授、2005年4月国立高知工業高等専門学校長。その間、
ウオータールー大学（カナダ）
博士研究員、関西大学客員教
授、神戸大学、大阪府立大阪女子大学、山梨大学、大阪産業大学大学院
非常勤講師を兼務。
現在は経済産業省排水処理技術検討会委員、環境省環境研究企画委
員会委員、大阪府土壌地下水汚染対策審議会委員、兵庫県環境審議会委員を務める。
日本水環境学会、
日本下水道協会、
日本水処理生物学会に所属。

He left a doctoral degree program for fermentation engineering in Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University in 1966. He started working for the
Sewage Works Division, Osaka City, Osaka in 1966. After serving an assistantand an associate professor at Department of Environmental Engineering, Osaka
University, he became a professor of Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka
University in 1989. He moved to the National Institute of Technology, Kochi
College as a President in April 2005. He was also a post-doctoral fellow in
Water-Loo University, Canada, and served as a research associate in Kansai
University, a visiting professor in Kobe University, Osaka Women's University,
University of Yamanashi, and graduate school of Osaka Sangyo University.
He is currently a committee member of the Wastewater Technology Committee,
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Environmental Research Planning
Commit tee, Ministr y of Environment, the Soil/Groundwater Pollution
Countermeasure Commit tee, Osaka Prefecture, and the Environmental
Committee, Hyogo Prefecture.
He is also a member of the Japan Society on Water Environment, the Japan
Sewage Works Association, and the Japanese Society of Water Treatment
Biology.

東京大学名誉教授

Yoshifumi Yasuoka, Ph.D.

安岡 善文 博士
専門：リモートセンシング、環境工学、
空間情報学
1970年東京大学工学部計数工学科卒業、1975年東京大学大学院工学系研究科計数工学専攻博士課程修了、1987年国立環境研究所総合
解析部総合評価研究室長、1990年国立環境研究所社会環境システム
部情報解析研究室室長、1996年国立環境研究所地球環境研究セン
ター総括研究管理官、
1998年東京大学生産技術研究所教授、2002年
日本リモートセンシング学会 会長、2007年独立行政法人国立環境研究所理事。
現在は科学技術振興機構 研究主幹、国際環境研究協会 研究主監等を務める。
日本リモートセンシング学会、
日本写真測量学会、計測自動制
御学会、環境科学会、米国電気電子工学会（IEEE）
等の会員。

Prof. Emeritus, the University of Tokyo
Major research fields: Remote sensing,Environmental engeneering, Spatial Information Science

He received the B. Eng., M. Eng. and Ph. D degree in applied physics from theUniv. of Tokyo in 1970, 1972 and 1975 respectively. He was with the National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan from 1975 to 1998, serving as a
researcher, a senior researcher, and section head. At NIES last two years heserved as a Director of the Center for Global Environmental Research. In 1998 hemoved to the University of Tokyo as a Professor at the Institute of Industrial
Science. In 2007 he moved to the National Institute for Environmental Studies as
an Executive Director (Vice President). He is currently with Japan Science andTechnology Agency (JST) as a Research Supervisor of the Program “Scienceand Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)”,and with Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental
Studies as a Program Director for the Ministry of Environment Research Fund.
His major research field is remote sensing, GIS and spatial data analysis(Geo-informatics) for environment and disaster assessment. He was a presidentof Japan Remote Sensing Society (2002 to 2004).

※所属・役職名は開催当時のものです。
*Organizations and titles are at the time of the Forum.

Honda Y-E-S Forum 20157

Panel Discussion Moderator

政策研究大学院大学教授・学長補佐

角南 篤 博士

専門：科学・産業技術政策論、公共政策論
1988年、
ジョージタウン大学School of Foreign Service卒業、89年株
式会社野村総合研究所政策研究部研究員、92年コロンビア大学国際関係・行政大学院Reader、93年同大学国際関係学修士、97年英サセッ
クス大学科学政策研究所（SPRU）TAGSフェロー、2001年コロンビア大学政治学博士号（Ph.D.）
取得。2001年から2003年まで独立行政法人
経済産業研究所フェロー。2003年政策研究大学院大学助教授、2014
年教授、学長補佐。
その他、文部科学省 科学技術・学術審議会委員、
内閣府総合科学技術・
イノベーション会議基本計画専門調査会委員、等。

※所属・役職名は開催当時のものです。
*Organizations and titles are at the time of the Forum.

8

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015

Dr. Atsushi Sunami
Advisor to the President, Professor,
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
Major research fields: Science and Technology Policy,
Public Policy Analysis
Professor Sunami holds BSFS from Georgetown University. He obtained
MIA and PhD in Political Science from Columbia University. He is currently
Professor, and Advisor to the President at National Graduate Institute for
Policy Studies, Japan. Before joining GRIPS, he was a Fellow at ResearchInstitute of Economy, Trade and Industry established by the Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industr y, Japan between 2001 and 2003. He also
worked as a researcher in the Department of Policy Research at Nomura
Research Institute, Ltd. from 1989 to 1991. He was a visiting researcher at
Science Policy Research Unit, Univer sit y of Sussex, and Tsinghua
Universit y, China. He is also a member of the Council for Science andTechnology in Ministr y of Education, Culture, Spor ts, Science andTechnology and the Expert Panel on Basic Policy in Council for Science,
Technology and Innovation of Cabinet office.

Opening Remarks

Opening Remarks

Opening Remarks
Hiroto Ishida
President, Honda Foundation

Thank you for the introduction. I would like to thankeveryone who joined today’s Forum despite your very
busy schedule. On the occasion of the holding of thisForum, I would like to deeply express my gratitude forall the support and cooperation offered from various
fields, including Japanese universities for joining andapplying for the Research Poster Contest.
The Foundation has been developing the
grant program “Y-E-S Award” for awarding excellent
undergraduate students in science and technology
universities in 5 countries, starting with Vietnam 10
years ago, followed by India, Cambodia, Laos, andMyanmar. The representatives of awardees in eachcountry have planned, discussed, and organized
today’s Y-E-S Forum by further extending the Y-E-S
Award program. The main purpose of this Forum is
to contribute to developing the skills and abilities ofyoung scientists and engineers in Asia. It also aims to
expand the human network through communications
among awardees and with Japanese scientists,getting to know Japanese academics and experts,
and bringing back what is learnt during the Forum tohome countries.

10

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015

The theme for today’s discussion is “Tackling
Pollution through Ecotechnology.” In these countries
which are undergoing transition to a further
development stage, environmental problems, such asair, water, and soil pollution, have been growing more
prominent as economic activities expand. Recognizing
such issues, the role that science and technology
has to play in tackling them will be further discussed
during this Forum. I am also expecting this Forum tobe an opportunity that triggers and accelerates further
cooperation among countries beyond national borders.
This is the first Y-E-S Forum and hopefully will beheld every year hereafter. Today as the first step, we will
endeavor to create this Forum to be more fruitful andmeaningful for many young scientists. Since this is thefirst time, there may be a lot which may be improved.
Therefore, we welcome candid and frank opinions sothat we can make things better for the next time.
I would like to conclude my greeting by asking
for your continued cooperation with the Foundationin the future. And please spend nice time in this lovely
hall at the University of Tokyo. Thank you.

Opening Remarks

Opening Remarks
Nishita Mohan
2012 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in India

Konnichiwa and Goodmorning to distinguishedguests, Honda prize laureate, Honda Foundation
officials and fellow preparatory committee members.
I am Nishita Mohan from India. As a Y-E-S awardee
and an organizing team member for the Y-E-S Forum2015, I couldn’t be more delighted to welcome you
all to the Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015. My friends Hai
and Rachana have done a delightful job in describing
the goals of the Forum. I just wish to add a couple ofthoughts of my own and describe what a rewarding
experience this has been for each one of us in the
preparatory committee.
The idea behind the Forum was that when you
bring together individuals of different backgroundswith experience in different areas, you can makeinnovation possible. Each year the Forum will strive
to bring together students, professors, researchers
working in different areas of ecotechnology, tobrainstorm and discuss the common environmental
issues that we are facing in the society and to comeup with solutions. For this purpose, we need as
many ideas and solutions from each one of us in theroom today.
The topic that we have chosen for today ispollution and we will get to hear the perspectiveof each country today, from different individuals in
the room and we hope that everyone will walk outof the room with an idea of what type of pollution
everyone is facing in their respective countries andhow they are tackling this problem.
We hope that the discussion will be fruitful toall of us, and we definitely hope to see you again
at the Forum in the coming years. We urge you toparticipate and raise many, many questions and also
look forward to hearing your valuable feedback.
I would like to end with a quote- Coming
together is beginning, keeping together is progress
but working together is success.
Thank you.

Honda Y-E-S Forum 201511

Presentations by
the Y-E-S Awardees

Presentations by the Y-E-S Awardees

VietnamNguyen Trung Kien
2006 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in Vietnam

Ecotechnological Solutions to Water Pollution
in Vietnam

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We all know that water is the source of life. However,consuming polluted water is the shortest path to death.
According to WHO, in developing countries, 80% of
illnesses are linked to poor water and bad sanitation
conditions.

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Be well-aware of the importance of clean water tohuman health, Vietnam government has alreadyapproved a national target program for rural watersupply and sanitation in period 2012 -2015.
In which, 85% of the rural population will have accessto hygienic water, 45% of which will have access toclean water.
But according to a recent report in 2013, there is only
38.7% of the population in the rural area having accessto hygienic water and the percentage in 2014 is 42%, so
the difference is only 3.3% in one year. And that makes
the target at the end of 2015 (85% of rural population will
have access to hygienic water) an impossible mission.
Therefore, the large number of people still relies on
polluted water from rivers, community ponds andprivate tube wells for drinking and daily use.
According to a recent study by Ministry of Healthand Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmentof Vietnam, there are about 9,000 death and 200,000
new cancer cases detected in Vietnam every year. Main
reason is the use of polluted water.

4

Water pollution can be divided into two categories:
surface water pollution and ground water pollution.
The main sources of surface water pollution are
domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, agricultural
wastewater and medical wastewater. The problem
in VN is that the wastewater is discharged into theenvironment with little to no treatment.
In Hanoi only, 93% of the non-treated wastewater isdischarged directly to the sewage system.

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The polluted surface water accompanied by the over
exploitation of the ground water is the main source ofthe micro-organism and heavy metal pollution of theground water, beside the natural sources of pollution
including geological characteristics of the strata andhigh salinity which is caused by over exploitation ofground water and rising sea level.

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Beside the surface water, 17% of Vietnam’s population isdependent on groundwater from private tube-wells as
drinking water supply according to estimation by UNICEF
in 2002. And this leads to another bigger problem called
chronic arsenic poisoning. High concentrations of arsenic
occur naturally in the soil in some areas of Vietnam. The
Red River Delta, where Hanoi capital is located, has higharsenic concentration level similar to the level found in
Bangladesh. The measurements from the Red River Delta
revealed arsenic concentration to be up to 810 μg per
litre of groundwater that is 80 times the concentration
allowed in drinking water source according to WHO
guideline (10 μg per litre).

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So as you can see, we are facing the pollution toboth surface water and ground water. And someecotechnologies have already been applied in Vietnam
to solve this situation. The first example is the productcalled Hudavil that are versatile probiotics made fromwaste product of sugar manufacturing. It has been using
to manipulate the water in aquaculture ponds to raise
shrimp and catfish.

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Second example is the use of aquatic plants and waste
products such as bean pulp and bagasse to absorb thepollutants in the community ponds and purify the water.

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Also, in recent years, there are some emerging
technologies that have been researched and applied
to treat the wastewater in Vietnam. Two of them are
Membrane Bio Reactor and Wetland. Membranebioreactor is the combination of a membrane processwith a suspended growth bioreactor. The bioreactor
dissolves the pollutants, while the membrane retains thesolids and micro-organisms and gives the clean water.
In a constructed wetland, water passes through thehabitat of aquatic plants that have the ability to absorb
pollutants such as organic matter, ammonia, heavy
metals, ... and this gives cleaner water.

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The above technologies are being used to treat polluted
surface water, to treat polluted ground water, and there
are 4 popular technologies applied in Vietnam. They are
Oxidation/Precipitation/Co-precipitation, Adsorption,
Membrane filtration and Sand filtration. Out of these 4technologies, the sand filtration is cost effective and canbe easily constructed by the households to remove Iron
and Arsenic from the groundwater.

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A sand filtration system consists of a tube, a filter tank,a storage tank and an electric pump. The filter tankconsists of 4 layers: crushed-brick layer at the top,
yellow sand layer, coarse-grained yellow sand layer andpebble layer at the bottom. When the water is pumped
from the ground through this system, the sprinkler
can help increase the dissolved oxygen content ingroundwater, oxidize the Fe(II) into Fe(III) and oxidize
the As(III) into As(V). Fe(III) has strong adsorption affinity
to As, so Fe(III) and As will co-precipitate. As(V) can beabsorbed more easily than As(III), therefore oxidationof As(III) into As(V) can enhance the subsequentadsorption process in the filter tank. In reality, people
also plant umbrella grass on the surface of the sandfilter to enhance the removal efficiency and lengthen
the working period of the sand filter.

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A survey has been conducted in Ha Nam province,
Vietnam to compare the Arsenic content before andafter sand filtration. The graph in the slide shows Arsenic
content in raw water by red lines, Arsenic content intreated groundwater by blue lines and the max content
in drinking water as guided by WHO by green line. Afterfiltered by sand filtration systems, 80% of the samples
have the Arsenic contents less than 10 μg per litre andall of the samples have Arsenic contents less than 50
μg per litre, which can be considered as potable waterin Vietnam due to the very high Arsenic content ingroundwater.

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We have already applied some technologies to solve
the pollution situation in water in Vietnam. However, weare still facing some challenges. First, we are struggling
between developing economy and protecting theenvironment. Second, 80% of the industrial zones do
not have wastewater treatment systems and since
many multi-national companies are now moving toVietnam for manufacturing, this will become a bigger
problem. Third, we still have an out-dated agriculturethat discharges a lot of pollutants into the environment.
Forth, we have some cross border rivers like the Red riverand Mekong river. Therefore, solving pollution cannot bedone by a single country. And last but not least, we arelacking of budget and experience.

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As you may have known that the Sumida river in Tokyo
experienced 50 years of deterioration and it took theGerman more than 30 years to solve the pollution ofRhine. So, we hope that with your experience, you canhelp us shorten the time to clean the water in Vietnam,
to protect the environment and save human lives.

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India
Nishita Mohan (Left) 2012 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in India
Rohit Singh Sahani (Right) 2009 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in India

Dare to Take a Deep Breath?

—Air pollution in India and learning from developed countries—
Namaste!! Good Morning!! Ohayou gozaimasu!!
It is a great pleasure for us to represent the Indiandelegation at the Honda Young Engineer and Scientist’s
Forum 2015 being held in Tokyo, Japan. We arehere to speak about one of the biggest threats that
endangers Indian people – Air Pollution. The title ofour presentation is “Dare to take a deep breath? – Air
pollution in India and the global impact”.

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We will bring to limelight the extent of air pollution
in India, the steps taken by Indian Government forpollution abatement and learning that can be taken fromthe experiences of developing countries, like Japan, in
dealing with the air pollution problem.

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Here we show 4 images, taken from different parts ofIndia, which reflect the plight of Indian populace in theface of unsustainable development. The first image
shows 2 boys from the city of Patna, Bihar who havecovered their faces with handkerchief to save themselvesfrom vehicular smoke. The second image shows thenon-purified smoke and steam emanating from power
plant. Third image represents frequent traffic snarls thatjam Delhi roads. Delhi has recently become the mostpolluted city in the whole world. The vehicular density
in Delhi is maximum in the whole of India. The fourth
image tells another common story from Indian villages,
where the sooty and poisonous smoke from traditional
cook stoves kills hundreds each year.
In a recently concluded Environmental Performance
Index (EPI), a study published by Yale and Columbia
Universities, Delhi led the table as being the mostpolluted city in the world, surpassing Beijing, which until
now was the most polluted city in the world. The other
cities that made in the top five were Cairo, Santiago
and New Mexico. The story is similar in the rest of thecountry. Air pollution, globally is believed to cause 2.4
million deaths each year, of these 500,000 fatalities per
year happen in India. Some data sources claim that over
30% of children suffer from asthma in the Silicon Valleyof India – Bangalore, a city that generates maximum
employment opportunities for educated young Indians
and is expected to become the country’s biggest
metropolis in the near future. The scenario is so grim incertain regions of India that even the monsoon (annual
rainy season) gets delayed. This usually happens becauseof Asian brown clouds formed due to incessant burningof fuel-wood and biomass in traditional cook stoves.
Further many auto rickshaws and taxis in India use
adulterated fuel which causes even higher pollution.

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People in rural India, who account for about 70% of
the population, are affected by carcinogenic cocktail
of aromatic hydrocarbons, COx and particulate matter
due to use of conventional cooking stoves that burnbiomass as a cooking fuel. The exposure to indoor
air pollution leads to cardiovascular and respiratory
diseases amounting to deaths of over 1.6million per year
in developing nations. According to National Cancer
Control Program, India, by 2026 there will be more than
1.4 million people suffering from cancer in India. The
situation is so bad that number of deaths due to Asthma
in India is more than elsewhere in the world. Indoor
cooking fire is the third and outdoor air pollution is thefifth leading cause of death in India.
If we look at the performance of India on few measuresof air pollution, namely PM10 and CO2 emissions, thenIndia has been on the right track of improvement, butthere are still miles to go before it gives its citizens a safe
and conducive environment to live and grow. From 1995
to 2008, India observed a 5% decrease in PM10 levels, afall from 109 (µg/m3) to 59 (µg/m3). Also during the same
year range, CO2 emissions (kg per 2005 PPP of GDP) fell
from 0.7 to 0.5, a fall of 3%. On a comparative note, in
Sweden in 2008, PM10 level was just 11 (µg/m3) while theCO2 emission level was 0.2 (kg per 2005 PPP of GDP)

The plight of India and developing countries is notnew; the developed countries too faced similar
challenges during their growth phases and by setting
up appropriate processes and systemic changes they
were able to control the pollution. Having said that,the cleanup task in front of developing countries ischallenging, albeit not impossible. One look at theenvironment improvement journey of developed nations
shows that they were able to bring about a change
because of strict environment legislations along withquantifiable pollution targets having transparency in
information disclosure. They transformed their industry
and energy structure to control industrial pollution.
Their governments and think tanks advocated low
carbon lifestyles by strengthening city and traffic
emissions management. They even encouraged public
participation in pollution control.

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The over 50-year tryst of Japan with pollution too ended
in the positive. In the 1960s, the emissions of NOx, COx
and SOx tripled due to higher concentration of heavy
and chemical industries. The region even documented
high prevalence of diseases like Yokkaichi asthma,
Minamata disease (mercury poisoning) and itai-itai(cadmium poisoning). Over the years the government
invested heavily in pollution-control technologies
and stringent regulations were put in place to tax thedefaulters. 14 anti-pollution laws were passed in 1970s
giving local governments power to tighten the stringaround polluting industries. 50 years after the era of highpollution levels, the Japanese cities are rated amongst
the cleanest cities in the world by WHO. Kyushu, once
called Sea of Death is now a pioneer in use of hydrogenas power source while Kawasaki has rebranded itself as
an eco-city, building Japan’s largest solar power plant.
The success stories of the developed nations give us a
ray of hope and inspire us to implement similar systems
and technologies to clean our cities and control the air
pollution. A concerted effort by the people, industrial body,government, non-governmental organizations and researchbodies is required to usher an era of clean and green India.

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India over the years has taken multiple steps to mitigate
the effects of pollution and eliminate the root causes. In
1990s National Air Quality standards were defined andemission standards for vehicular and industrial pollution
were declared. The key initiatives taken by Indian
governments to mitigate air pollution. These measures
have been lumped into 4 major steps namely,
i. Curb vehicular pollution
ii. Improved cooking stoves for rural Indiaiii. Reducing dependency on Coal
iv. Common man as a stakeholder
Of the steps taken by the government and industry
bodies, the important ones were improvement invehicle fuel standards, promotion of public transport
in the country, research into the development anduse of biofuels, national biomass cookstove project inrural areas, promotion of use of renewable energy andbringing in more transparency in measurement andreporting of air quality. Vehicle fuel quality index was
launched and named Bharat Stage (BS) standards. BS
standards regulate the quality of petrol and diesel fuelin vehicles and emissions thereafter from the vehicle
engines. Currently BS IV has been launched in 13 major
cities in India, BS III has already been implemented in restof the nation and BS V will be launched in 2017.

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Under the National Urban Transport Policy, developmentof public transport system has been promoted. Systems
such as Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) – Metro Rail,Light Rail Transit System (LRTS) and Bus Rapid Transit
Systems (BRTS) are already in place in a number of cities.

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Under the National Biofuel Policy, the government has
targeted to reach 20% blending level of ethanol in petrolby 2017. Government has contemplated the use of Waste
Cooking Oil as a source of Biodiesel. Waste Cooking Oil(WCO) is reacted with Methanol in presence of KOH as
catalyst to yield Methyl Esters (Biodiesel) and Glycerin(byproduct).

12

Biomass – fuel wood, agricultural residue and animal
waste – is used in 87% of rural households and 26% ofurban households for cooking. These fuels are burnedin outdated cook stoves as a result of which they emit
harmful pollutants, contributing to indoor air pollution
in rural areas. To curb the indoor air pollution, National
Biomass Cookstove Program was launched which
has already covered a big percentage of rural areas.
The program included dissemination of improved
cook stoves and imparting lessons on good cooking
practices to the villagers. One of our co-delegates Mayur
too developed one such cooking stove, which was
distributed in tribal villages of West Bengal.

13This slide shows the detailed specifications and results ofthe cooking stove designed by Mayur.

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Recently government took two ambitious initiatives– Jawarlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)
and National Air Quality Index. Under JNNSM, thegovernment targeted to achieve 175,000 MW ofgreen energy by 2022. Of the 175,000 MW the energy
allocations are 100,000 MW of solar power, 60,000 MW
of wind energy, 10,000 MW of biomass and 5,000 MW ofsmall hydro projects.

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National Air Quality Index, announced in October 2014, isa measurement index consisting of 8 parameters, which
would disseminate information in a simple and effective
manner to the common man as characterized by its
slogan “One Color, One Number and One Description”.
The Data would be disseminated in a real-time manner
to enhance public awareness and persuade common
man to take air pollution mitigation measures.

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India too has taken its baby steps in the direction ofpollution abatement. These steps would over a periodof time start to reflect an improvement in air quality.
India has been aggressively promoting the use of
upgraded fuel quality. Think tanks have even suggested
scrapping of subsidies on petrol and diesel to cut down
their consumption. Numerous research projects areunderway to decrease the pollution. One such remarkableproject has been to retrofit the chimneys of brick kilns in
Patna, Bihar with pollution controlling elements. Threeindustrialized states—Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil
Nadu are even about to launch the world’s first market fortrading permits in emissions of particulate matter. Every
major city will now continuously measure its air quality
and involve its residents in the fight against pollution, onesuch case is the anti-smog campaign “Let Delhi breathe”.

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Thank you for giving us your time and attention.

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Cambodia
Sok Sikieng
2008 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in Cambodia

Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater, Cambodia
On behalf of Cambodian Honda Y-E-S Awardees,
it is a pleasure to make a presentation on “Arsenic
Contamination in Groundwater in Cambodia” to the 1st
HONDA Y-E-S Forum 2015. The presentation is divided
into four parts including water supply in Cambodia,
arsenic contamination and mitigation and challenges.

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To start with, there are some data of water supply in
Cambodia. Cambodian Millennium Development Goals(CMDGs) targets 80% of the people in urban and 50% in
rural areas would access to safe water supply by 2015. By
2011, accessibility to the supply reached 50% in urban
and 43% in rural areas. It shows that the CMDGs will beachievable in the near future; however, it would take15 more years to get 100% of rural people access toimproved water supply countrywide.

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If we look at rural water supply in Cambodia, it is clearthat groundwater is a main water source and tube wells
share about 29.47% followed by surface water, 26.76%.
Surprisingly, there is only 4.43% of piped water suppliedin rural Cambodia.

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In 1990s when the piped water was not available, morethan 40,000 wells were built to extract groundwater fordaily uses. It was assumed clean and safe. Unfortunately,
groundwater contaminated with arsenic was foundin 2000 in especially the tube well water. The finding
has changed water use patterns in rural communities
and national water quality tests have been undertaken
continuously.

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In 2009, arsenic risk map could be drawn with national
drinking water quality standard of 50 parts per billion(ppb). The map presents groundwater in some provinces
along the Mekong and Tonle Sap River was exposed to
the natural arsenic. Only one province was exposed tomanmade arsenic because of mining activities.

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Nationally, about 645 villages were affected including
205 villages where arsenic concentration could be higher
than 500 ppb.

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More seriously, arsenicosis cases, a kind of skin cancer
caused by long-term drinking water contaminatedwith arsenic, and its symptoms were identified in 139
households, or 331 people. It included 135 female and56 children.

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To respond, such arsenic mitigations have been
implemented accordingly. Tube wells where
groundwater is contaminated with over 50 ppb arsenic
are labelled red that means they are not recommended
for drinking and cooking. On the other hand, greenlabelled tube wells are safe for consumption. Awarenessis also raised among the local communities to convince
them to utilize arsenic-free alternatives including
rainwater, dug well and especially the piped waterinstead of tube wells.
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Moreover, some technologies were experimented totreat arsenic. Kanchan is an arsenic removal filter byusing bio-sand. The filter could efficiently remove thecontamination by up to 97% with maximum capacity of
40 liters/day. It is costless for household scale; but thesand must be replaced regularly every 1 to 1.5 year.

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Another one is community-based arsenic treatment
system. The system is mainly a combination of
precipitation, sand filter and absorbent whose
removal efficiency is about 95 to 97%. It could serve
500 people locally; yet produced arsenic residue is aconcern of the system.

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Despite the mitigations taken, there are still challenges
regarding financial and human resources, technology
and local knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP).
These challenges are related and none of themshould be left behind because it would cause theactivities unsustainable. For example, sustaining theremoval system would not require only resources formaintenance, monitoring and evaluation, but also
participation of local people who are the end-users. In
some cases, they are well-informed of the arsenic risk;
but their socio-economic situation makes it unaffordable
to access to safer alternatives.

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In conclusion, it is still a very long way to achieve 100% of
safe water provision nationwide. Arsenic contamination
has posted concerns to human health, livelihood andsocio-economic images. Future effects is uncertain;
effective measures are necessary not only for arsenic
removal, but also for water supply. There have been
many arsenic mitigation measures; but there are stillchallenges to be closely considered.

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Laos
Manyda Phothirath
2010 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in Laos

Garbage, Main Environmental Problem
in Lao PDR
Good morning Ladies and gentleman in this hall.
My name is Manyda Phothirath from Laos. I am
representative of Lao team. Today, I will show you about
the garbage issue which is the main environmental
problem in Lao PDR.

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In this presentation I will introduce the region of Lao
country, where the garbage is from, the effect by thegarbage and solving the garbage problem in realsituation and the challenges for my country.

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Lao People’s Democratic Republic or Lao PDR is locatedin the middle of South East Asia. We have 5 neighboring
countries; China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand andMyanmar. We have 17 provinces and 1 capital called
Vientiane.

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Vientiane capital has 9 districts. Inside that, there are
4 municipal districts. The area of Vientiane capital isaround 3,720 km2, the current population is more than
one million and the amount of disposed garbage isabout 180,000 tons per year.

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There are various ways to divide the garbage, by source,by condition and by type. When we divide by source,
they are from social, industrial and hazardous. When
divided by condition, we have dry garbage, wet garbage,
garbage from social, industrial and hazardous. And thelast, when it is divided by type, there are solid garbage,liquid garbage, hazardous garbage, organic garbage andrecycle garbage.
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First of all, we should know that where the garbage
is from. The garbage is from house, market, office,construction area, public park, industrial area andagricultural area.

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In this presentation, we will demonstrate the case in
Vientiane capital, which is the most crowded city in
Laos. As the figure 1, you can see the population until
2014, Vientiane capital has more than 800,000 people.
And when we estimate the rate of garbage disposed inVientiane capital at 0.75 kg per person per day, it is about
620 tons per day in total.
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When we calculated it as per year, the total amount ofgarbage in red line is more than 200,000 tons per year.
While the garbage that had been delivered to landfill
as green line is only 30 percent of total amount, suchgarbage was delivered by 274 companies within 9
districts. From that amount, only 20 percent had been
divided to be recycled at the landfill. From the last slide,
we can see that the left garbage around 70 percent is stillin our society.

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It can affect us in 3 types, Economics, Society andEnvironmental. For economics, it causes wasting money
and time to manage the garbage. In addition, it also
affects the society as dirty scene and disease cause.
Moreover, the environmental part is the main effect fromthe garbage. It causes the water pollution such as thewater from landfill, the air pollution as bad smell and soil
contamination by buried hazardous garbage.
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As other countries, there are 5 ways to manage thegarbage; dumping, burying, burning, compositing andrecycling method.

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Moreover, 7R method is another way to reduce thegarbage: rethink, repair, reject, return, reduce, reuse andrecycle.

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Let me explain about garbage management system
in Vientiane. 70 percent of garbage will go throughburning, dumping, compositing and recycling. Somepeople composite the garbage especially the organic
garbage from food and vegetable to be an organic
fertilizer. Moreover, it can be used to make the badsmelled waste water getting better. It needs about 3
months to composite. For recycle garbage, it is collectedby household or collector, and then it is sold to therecycle company to be separated by the type such as
paper, glass bottle, steel and plastic. Then, they aresold to local production company and sold to abroad.
Normally, we sell the garbage to our neighboring
countries, glass bottle that are washed and cleaned aresent to Thailand, steel are sent to Vietnam and China,
cotton plank from garment is sent to Vietnam. 30 percent
of total garbage is buried at the landfill. Among suchamount, 20 percent are divided at the plant as recycle
garbage and then they are sold to the recycle company.

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Everyone will wonder that how much the price ofthe garbage is and it is worth encouraging people torecycle the garbage. The table shows the price of recycle
garbage as paper and plastic. The figure 4 shows theamount of recycle garbage in the market share.

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Among those solutions, we have some organizations
that help us handle the garbage problem. Let us startwith PADETC Project. PADETC Project is supported by
Embassy of Netherland with around 10,000 USD. They
created 2 small projects. First, they created the garbage
bank among schools and villages in Vientiane, there
were more than 60 groups joined this project. Then,they created Lao Chalern Recycle Company to support
the garbage bank. The company buys the garbage fromgarbage bank, then sell it out. For now, the company was
separated from PADETC Project into individual company.
Then the number of garbage bank has been decreased.

Next, we would like to inform you all about Asean Ecoschool Award. This award is held every three years. Thisaward is given to selected primary and secondary school inrecognition for their effort in promoting and implementing
environment activities. The 1st Asean Eco- school Awardwas held on 17th July 2012 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two
Lao schools won the 2 nd Asean Eco- school, Thongkang
primary school and Xaysettha secondary school. Asean
Eco- school Award selects 18 institutes in Asian member
including two Lao schools adopted by Asian environment
minister. The Asian environment year (AEY) 2015 celebration
was with the theme of empowering the young for a green
Asian community. The ceremony was held on July 29-30 in
Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.

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We have Thim Khoi Long Thang (“Drop me to trashbin”) project for managing and promoting how to solve
the garbage problem. This project is promoted by
the social network such as Facebook to communicate
with the people who have the same idea on saving theenvironment.
16

Another project is garbage project, it was held at Boat
Racing festival, on 28 October 2015 along Mekhong river
bank.

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We can conclude the advantage and disadvantage of thegarbage problem as the following:
Advantage: We have same basic system of garbage
managing as other country; people have awareness on
garbage problem and try to solve that problem together
and only incinerator, garbage burning stove had been
applied for hazardous garbage.
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Disadvantage: The household do not divide the garbage
before sending it to the landfill; the recycle system is noteffective yet; garbage problem is not much talked about
in society; the water pollution from landfill has not beensolved; conveyor is not enough to transfer the garbage;some sources are still locked (no access) and the landfill is
not large enough for the amount of garbage increasing.
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Thank you for your attention

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MyanmarEin Kaung
2014 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in Myanmer

Planning to Turn Trash into Gas and Electricity
Minasan Ohayogozaimasu. Myanmar kara kimashita.
Namae wa Ein Kaung to mo shi masu. Dōzo Yoroshiku
Onegai-shimasu. Let me speak in English. My name is
Ein Kaung. I am going to present what is going on aboutgarbage in Myanmar on behalf of the Myanmar team.

1

First, welcome to Myanmar! Please come and visit ourcountry! This is the picture of the Shwedagon Pagoda
and these are the today’s contents.

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3

Let’s go to the population. Could you please, anyone,
guess the population of Myanmar?
According to the Myanmar Census conducted in 2014,
Myanmar’s population has reached over 50 million. And
the first survey was conducted by British Government
in 1872 and it has now reached about 25 times the first
conducted survey. But you might see the gap right here
because at that time, there were no surveys conducted.

4Then, let’s move to why garbage is very intensive
matter in Myanmar. But I would like to focus on just the
major city because lots of people just move to Yangon(Rangoon) and also there is a great significant incidence
of industrial expansion. That is why, more people cometo Yangon. More people, more garbage. The only way in
Myanmar is to pile the rubbish on the dump site. Even
you can observe this anywhere, maybe every downtown
and district and that is why, this has led to environmental
pollution.
5

There is a total of 18 main industrial zones and out ofthese industrial zones, 4 are in Yangon. These are East,
North, South and West and the sub-industrial zones
account to 19 and there is also one proposed special
economic zone located at Thilawa Port and it is called
Thilawa Special Economic Zone.

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And this is the picture of the location of the Thilawa
Economic Zone which takes about 30 minutes from thedowntown. There are currently 500 companies that havesigned MOU with our government.

7

According to this chart, you could observe that
Yangon’s population, according to 2014, has the largest
proportion. Could you please guess the number, too?
The population of Yangon?

8

The answer is over 7 million. It accounts up to 14.3 %and so the garbage amounts to over 3,000 tons per day
disposed at the main location sites in Myanmar. The
garbage disposal rate per person per day accounts up to
0.45 kg according to Green Lotus data from France. It isestimated that by 2035 Yangon’s population will reach up
to 9.7 million according to the “Greater Yangon Project”
conducted by YCDC, the Yangon City Development
Committee, and JICA. So the rubbish grows. And it would
reach up to over 4,300 tons per each day.
9

The current disposal method is by collecting waste bytrucks and by carts or the public has to go to the nearest
rubbish bins and throw but they rarely do this. You can
see the rubbish rather on the street, not in rubbish bins,
and the curbsides – at the side of pavements. All thiswaste goes to open dump sites.

10

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These are the very prominent social and environmental
problems because of open dump sites. These will be
the breeding grounds for rodents like rats and insects,
and also the odor issue is very significant if dump sites
are in public places. When flood comes to the city,
sanitation could be a very prominent issue, too. Other
environmental problems like soil contamination as wellas groundwater and also air pollution are caused.

11

The current proposed solution by the YCDC is to turnelectricity from the trash and so this would reduce
the amount of waste and it is seemingly proper. This
would contribute to the growing population andexpansion of industrial zones. However, according to
the type of technology used, this might lead to certain
environmental issues, too. That is what I will discuss later.

12

Fortunately, about 75 % of the waste disposed is organic
waste. That is why, we can extract natural gas from this to
produce electricity.

13

Here are the 3 proposed sites. The first one will use
landfill gas extraction type and the other two will beapplying incineration type.

14

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This is the largest dump site located in Hlaing Thar
Yar Township and where the technology used will be
the landfill gas-to-energy type and this will consume
about 800 tons per day that would cover the total waste
disposed of in a single day. Yet, according to the data,
the output power will be reduced year by year and also,
it is expected to produce 92 % pure natural gas. At the
dump site, there will be a large pit and they will put ageomembrane layer so that the groundwater will not be
polluted and the gas will be extracted from this.
15

It has certain merits and demerits likewise. It can only
decompose organic waste but not the inorganic one.
That is merit but in terms of other inorganic matters,
this could be a very bad thing, too. Anyhow, it helps
to reduce greenhouse gas emission. No ash will be
produced from this site and the land could be reused
and also this would compromise the growing need ofelectricity. But the sorting of waste is truly a need for thistype of operation.

16

Right here is the second largest. This will consume
about 600 tons per day to produce electricity of 15.4
MW per hour.

17

The third one is not that large compared to thepreviously described ones. It consumes about only
60 tons per day and the operator will be joint venture
between the Yangon City Development Committee andJapan Ministry of Environment and the company that willbuild this plant will be JFE Engineering from Japan and
it is expected to start operation in 2017 March. This will
only produce 700 kW per hour but only 60 % of this will
be distributed to the nearest industrial sites.

18

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But when it comes to the incineration type, the ash will
be produced. That is a serious problem. Also, what theysaid about the second largest dump-site plant is that the
groundwater will be applied to treat the waste. There isalso a requirement of pretreatment of the wet waste. Yet,it also helps to reduce greenhouse gas emission and, notlike the landfill type, it will consume both organic andinorganic waste.

19

But there are currently very demanding challenges in
Myanmar. Like, from the public side, there are little publicawareness about the rubbish matter and cooperation.
Although there are certain organizations that motivate
people to dispose of waste systematically but thesenumbers are very few. This is the growing issue. Also, in
terms of labour, labour force is not enough and so are thevehicles used either. In terms of planning, yet there arecertain laws and rules, like Environmental Conservative
Law depicted in 2012 and Environmental Conservative
Rules in 2014, the enforcement is not enough. When it
comes to lack of sorting, although there are some sites
and rubbish bins that differentiate between the wet anddry rubbish, the vehicle to collect the waste is the sameand so all the waste will mix. That is the main problem.
There is also little education about systematic waste
disposal. These are the growing issues in Myanmar
against implementing the projects.
Thank you for your attention.

20

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Keynote Speech 1

Keynote Speech 1
Masanori Fujita, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus, Osaka University

Scientific Technology for
Environmental Conservation
Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind
introduction. I am Masanori Fujita, Professor Emeritus of
Osaka University. Today, I’d like to talk about scientifictechnology for environmental conservation. Especially,
I focus on the water conservation technology using myresearch works.

1

This shows contents of my speech. I’d like to talkaccording to this contents.

2

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During about 20 years since 1950, the Japanese GNP was
growing tremendously and the rate of economic growthof Japan was kept at about 10%.
So serious air and water pollution might happen in
big cities or industrialized cities such as Tokyo, Osaka,
Yokkaichi. I will show you serious air and water pollution
using statistical graphs of Osaka.

3

This shows the annual change of air pollution in Osaka.
The graph shows the average dust fall concentration in
the central part of Osaka City. We can see the high dust
fall concentration since 1950. But after 1975, air pollution
was improved according to the adjustment of laws forenvironmental conservation.

4

This slide shows average BOD concentration of NeyaRiver flowing in Osaka Prefecture. It also shows highconcentration of BOD in 1970. S45 is 1971. BOD of riverwater in 1971 was about 50 mg/l. Since average BOD ofsewage of Osaka City is about 200mg/l, we can guessthat it was so polluted.

5

These two photos shows air pollution and waterpollution of Osaka City in 1970.
We could not see distant buildings and the methane gas
was generated from the bottom of the river.

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Many laws for environmental conservation were
adjusted since 1967 such as Basic Act for Environmental
Conservation. In 1971, Japan Environmental Agency wasestablished. According to these laws, business circles,
government and local government should take theresponsibility to protect our health and to preserve thegood living environment. Water pollution control act
was established at the same time. It gave us the emission
standard for health protection and conservation of living
environment.
7

Emission standard for water quality included two
categories. One is the standard for health protection
such as cadmium, total cyanide, lead, total mercury, alkyl
mercury, arsenic, PCB, and so on. Total 27 items were
included. The other is the standard for conservation forliving environment, which includes pH, BOD or COD, SS
due to the purpose of use, such as drinking, fisheries, etc.
And total zinc, nonyl-phenol and linear ABS were added
to conserve the aquatic organisms.
So we have to do research on aquatic organisms andecosystems and also to develop the technology topreserve the good living environment.

8

I pick up three topics from my research works whichwere done with my co-workers and students in Osaka
University. First, Biological treatment using immobilized
activated sludge. Second, Biological treatment of selenate
using special bacteria isolated from the field. Third,
Bio-degradation of artificial detergent, developmentof monitoring method and Bio-treatment of endocrine
disrupter which is the by-product of that detergent.

9

Activated sludge process has about a 100-year history
and many novel bio-treatment processes have beendeveloped and made in practice for treating both
municipal and industrial wastewater. Initially it wasapplied to treat the BOD and SS. Eventually it was applied
to treat both nitrogen and phosphorus, using AO process
and A2O process. Membrane bio-reactor (MBR) andImmobilized activated sludge process were also madein practice. Now bioenergy generation process form the
sewage sludge was focused on due to the reduction of
CO2 emission.

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This photo shows immobilized activated sludge likebeads. They are immobilized using poly-ethylene glycol(PEG). Poly-vinyl alcohol is also used.

11

This shows the microscopic figure of immobilized bead.
Microbial communities grow both on the surface andinside the bead.

12

Energy is now generated in Japan using “methane fromanaerobic digestion of sewage sludge”, “charcoal fromdehydrated sludge” and /or “fuel cell using hydrogen
converted from methane”. Biomass such as food residue,
coffee production grounds, animal manure and so on is
also used as a carbon source mixed with sewage sludge.

13

Now I would like to talk about the microbial reduction ofselenate to apply it to industrial wastewater treatment.
Selenate is toxic, but elementary selenium is nottoxic. Since we’d like to establish the anoxic process totreat the wastewater containing selenate, we tried toisolate a selenate-reducing bacterium from selenatecontaminated sediment. We got an excellent bacteria,“Bacillus sp. SF1”. It needs organic carbon like lactic acidas a hydrogen donor and selenite reduction is inhibitedby nitrate. But elementary selenium is accumulated in
the medium.

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This shows the bio-cycle of selenium. First, Selenate
is reduced to selenite in the anoxic condition. And
then selenite is converted to elementary selenium andeventually elementary selenium is accumulated as a
crystal form. But sometimes elementary selenium isconverted to organic selenium and then to gaseous
form, selenide.

15

This shows the concept of bacterial selenium recovery
or to develop the selenate treatment process. Soluble
selenate is reduced to selenite microbiologically. And
then elementary selenium, nontoxic form, is recovered.

16This slide shows the microscopic figure of the isolate,
Bacillus sp. SF1. Since elementary selenium, which isamorphous form, is a red color, it is easy to recognize theselenate-reducing bacteria.

17

We tried to develop the selenate-treating process. So we
kept some amount of pre-cultured bacteria, Bacillus SF1
in the experimental reactor and then, added the selenate
solution, which is the model wastewater containing
selenate, to the reactor once a day. Selenate was reduced
quickly and selenite was detected in some amount, but
eventually selenite was also disappeared. Bacteria wasmaintained in the reactor. It shows this idea should beapplied to the practical process.

18

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I’d like to show you a microscopic figure of Bacillus sp.
SF 1 after selenate was reduced. Elementary selenium isaccumulated in the cell.

19

Finally I’d like to speak the story of alkylphenol
polyethoxylate, which is an artificial detergent. It was
mainly used in the memory chip production factory forcleaning up a base material. First, I show the degradation
step of alkylphenol polyethoxylate. One of intermediatesof biodegradation of these materials is nonylphenol,
which is so-called “environmental hormone”. It was
introduced by the book, “Our Stolen Future”. And it is oneof environmental standards for living environment.
I will show our scientific research in my laboratory using
several slides.

20This shows the structure of alkylphenol polyethoxylate
and its bio-degradation scheme. Left shows thehydrophilic radical and right is the hydrophobic radical.
Its structure shows a typical detergent. Nonylphenol
and octylphenol polyethoxylates are mainly used forthe industrial detergent. Hydrophilic radical is degradedgradually by bacterial reaction. Finally alkylphenol isremained in the water environment. It seems to disturb
the ecosystem in the water.

21

I’d like to analyze the concentration of these detergents
which are widely used quantitatively, quickly, simply andcheaply. Of course, it can be analyzed quantitatively by
HPLC, but it is a time consuming method and expensive.
I chose the immunoassay to analyze various kinds ofdetergents quantitatively.
This shows hapten-protein and hapten-enzyme conjugatesto produce antibodies. We picked up linear alkyI-benzene
sulfonate (LAS) and octylphenol polyethokylate (APE) as
candidates for quantitative analysis. We used bovine serum
albumin as a protein and horseradish peroxidase as an enzyme.
The lower shows antigens which were used as antigens.

22

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This slide shows the procedure to make the antibody
which is a monoclonal antibody, using a mouse.

23

This shows the relationship between HPLC method and
ELISA method using river sample. We could get a goodcorrelation. So we could prove the ELISA method tomeasure the LAS and other detergents. ELISA is shortfor enzyme linked immunosolvent assay which is socalled immunoassay. This measuring methods werecommercialized at that time.

24

The following slides show how to develop the newtechnology to treat both endocrine disrupters andrecalcitrant color in my laboratory. We focused onwhite-rot fungi with strong lignin-degrading enzyme.
This scheme shows the roles of three enzyme, lignin
peroxidase, laccase and manganese peroxidase, whichwere secreted by white-rot fungi. These enzymes shows
very strong oxidizing power.

25

We selected Trametes hirustas IFO 4917 as a candidate. We
recognized It could degrade bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol,
estriol, 17β-estradiol and estron.

26

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We immobilized fungal cells on polyurethane cubes
and then put them inside the reactor. Urtrafiltration
membrane was used to get the effluent.

27

This slide shows the pilot-scale Fungal/UF membrane
system.

28

This shows the efficiency to remove the recalcitrant color,melanoidin, using the reactor. Initial color unit of theinfluent was 4200 CU, and finally color unit of the effluent
was 600 CU. So the removal efficiency was about 86%.

29

This shows the treatment performance of endocrine
disrupting chemicals using fungal/UF membrane reactor.
Nonylphenol was removed with about 100%,octylphenol was about 90% the other chemicals werealso removed with high efficiencies. So this system wasproved as an effective tools to treat both color andendocrine disrupting chemicals.
Unfortunately it was, at that time, too expensive to bemade in practice.

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Finally, I expect young scientists and engineers toachieve scientific researches to protect the health andthe biological diversity. You have to try to develop
the novel technology to control the newly designatedpollutants.
I expect young scientists and engineers to act to protect
the local and global environment.
Thank you for your attention!

31

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Honda Y-E-S Forum 201555

Keynote Speech 2

Keynote Speech 2
Yoshifumi Yasuoka, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus, the University of Tokyo

How Can Remote Sensing Contribute to
Tackling Climate Change?
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Today, my talk israther global. This morning I had all the representations
and most of you are focused on the local environmental
improvement. But my talk is rather global.
These two images show today’s earth at 4:32 thismorning and 6:32 this morning. And I have justdownloaded this image from my site. This is noon today.
Well, you can download this kind of image from thesite of the University of Tokyo, where I was. One point
which I would like to emphasize is that the earth is very
beautiful. We have to keep this beautiful earth for the
next generation. Make it sound, make it sustainable. How
can we contribute to that?
Besides these global-scale satellite images, nowadays
we can use this kind of very fine special resolution satellite
data. This is the image over Fukushima Nuclear Power
Plant. The special resolution is only thirty-one centimeters.
If we remove away the roof of this building, the satellite
can count the number of audiences in this room. You can
use this kind of data. Of course you have to buy. This neverbe the military satellite data nor the intelligence satellite
data. This is commercial satellite data.

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Keynote Speech 2

Today’s my talk is how to use remote sensing for tacklingclimate change.

2

You know this curve. This is called as “Keeling
Curve.” Professor Keeling, of the Scripps Institute of
Oceanography started the observation of the carbon
dioxide concentration from 1957 at Mauna Loa and also
at the Antarctic continent. This curve is very famous since
this lets us know that our earth has risks due to climatechange. Very famous data. This curve is observed on the
ground at Mauna Loa.

3

And let me show you this curve. This is very similar to
the Keeling Curve, increasing and fluctuating. Seasonal
fluctuation they have. But this curve is the carbon dioxide
concentration over USA. This curve is for Australia.
This curve is from GOSAT satellite, Greenhouse Gases
Observing Satellite. Japan launched this satellite 2009.
Started to observe the global distribution of carbon
dioxide methane from space. This is only one satellite in
the world. Now we have these technologies.

4

This is the global distribution of carbon dioxide observed
from GOSAT. Seasonal data. Of course the original data
is monthly. So we have aggregated for summer, autumn,
winter, spring.

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With the satellite observation data, we can improvethe model which can simulate the future conditionof the earth. This color shows temperature. Up to2100, the color is getting red and red. That means thetemperature is getting higher and higher. In Northern
Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, the behavior isusually different. But in polar regions, the increases intemperature are rather distinguished from other areas.
Red heat hell. We have to avoid this condition.

6

This shows… from that model, we can simulate thefuture condition. This is the trend in number of hot daysin Japan. This is today. We may have very hot days in thenear future. And now we are experiencing that.

7

Besides these observation data and simulation data, wehave new technologies on mitigation. This is electriccar. My friend Professor Shimizu of Keio University, heproduced this one. This is very powerful tool to mitigate
carbon dioxide emission. I use fully electric car at myhome. It’s a commercial one, Nissan Leaf. It is very good,but distance is very short. I am sorry about that.

8

We have monitoring tools, simulation tools and we havemitigation tools. How to link these new technologies?
Climate change is an urgent threat to us, so we have to
combine these new technologies towards the realizationof a sustainable world.

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My talk is on climate change conditions and remotesensing applications and finally, I would touch on how
we can find solution towards a sustainable society. But
you know this part, so I will rush, go quickly.

10

Associated with population increase, the CO2
concentration or carbon dioxide concentration has been
increasing very drastically.

11“Global warming is unequivocal,” the IO-IPCC declaredthat.
Climate change is very likely due to human activities.
Climate change processes are very much complicated interrestrial system, in atmosphere and in ocean. We haveto know, we have to figure the whole images.

12

What are the impacts in the future? Many natural systems
are being affected by climate change. Socio-economic
systems may be seriously affected by climate change.
For example, we may have disasters, epidemics. We haveto prevent these for the next generation. Impact due toclimate change may be from local, national to global. We
have to cover whole world from very local part. It is not
so easy.

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What are the missions of science and technology?
We have to deploy the strategic observation network
to monitor the whole globe. And we have to devise
or develop models for future simulation. We need avery precise projection of carbon dioxide behavior or
temperature behavior and other behaviors. And also
we have to develop adaptation or mitigation measures
for the next generation. These new technologies candiminish the climate change risks. We have to decrease
the risk. My talk today is rather focusing on this part.
14

How can remote sensing contribute to monitoring andassessment of climate change?

15

Well some of you know the remote sensing, what remotesensing is. Satellite sensors, we usually call these remotesensors. We put these sensors on board satellite andobserve the earth or surface of the earth. The sensor
can observe the two dimensional or three dimensional
structure of our earth. From these images, we canretrieve the surface conditions.

16

Let me show you some examples why we can observe
the conditions of the earth. All of the matter reflects,
absorbs, transmits and emits electromagnetic radiation
in a unique way with respect to wavelength. This is theessential point in remote sensing. This is physics. For
example, this is the spectral reflectance of the active
leaf. But when it turns to brown, it turns to dead, thespectral signature would be changed. Water has adifferent spectral signature, soil has a different spectral
signature. So we can identify what they are from thesecharacteristics. This is remote sensing.

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Keynote Speech 2

Let me show you some examples. This is the decrease of
Arctic sea ice extent. This is from advanced microwave
scanning radiometer. These are from the Japanesesatellite called AMSR, advanced microwave scanningradiometer. Very distinguishable trend from the past
to now. So you can easily imagine the ices in Arctic Sea
would be disappeared, maybe in the near future. It might
happen, I’m not sure.

18

As I mentioned, 2009, Japan launched new satellite
named GOSAT. This is a very sensitive sensor. This carries
the fully transformed spectrometer on both satellites.
Very difficult sensor.

19

But we have succeeded, and we now can get this kindof data. I’m sorry the spatial resolution is not so highon GOSAT 1 but we’re now planning to launch GOSAT
2 and GOSAT 3. In these sensors, the special resolution
would be improved and we can observe the conditionsof carbon dioxide or methane over Vietnam, Myanmar,
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand. Even for these small countries,
we can observe the greenhouse gases.

20

This is the global distribution of carbon dioxide.

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Keynote Speech 2

And this is for methane.

22

As for the land observation, this is seasonal, time-series
land surface conditions observed by satellite. This shows
the green cover condition.

23

This is sea surface temperature. This is greenness on the
ground. You can easily watch this one. But the students
at my lab, they have been struggling with the originaldata. It is not so easy to produce this kind of data. They
are crying everyday. But now, finally they can produce
this kind of image.

24

By watching, by observing the phenology of vegetation,
spring, summer, autumn, if we detect the leaf open, leaf
development days, leaf development green-up of thevegetation, we can monitor the trend of the vegetation
condition.

25

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The leaf development is getting earlier and earlier.
Twenty years ago, the leaf development occurred at theend of May, around one hundred thirty, or one hundred
thirty five or one hundred forty days from January first.
So this indicates that the green-up is getting earlier. I
don’t know if this would reach to January first. It may
happen, it may not happen. Very tough question.

26

This is the spatial distribution of the day of the year inleaf development in the East Asian Region.

27

How would it be in the future? Remote sensing canobserve in the past and today. But we cannot project
the future from remote sensing but we can use model,
physical model, climate model. And remote sensing
data can improve the quality of models. We can tune theparameters of models with remote sensing data.

28

And this is the result, which I showed you already.

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How is the vegetation condition in the future? Up to2100, the vegetation gets active. Since they have a lotof carbon dioxide fertilization effect, they can enjoy.
And temperature is increasing so vegetation would be
active in the future. But in this model, no vegetationcompetition is taken into account. There should be a sortof competition between vegetation species. And also, we
don’t know if the temperature is over 2-degree Celsius
increase, they can survive or not. We have very few
information on that. Anyway, in this model simulation,
Dr. Baruah and Manzul, they developed the model,
terrestrial ecosystem model, to simulate the future.

30

Towards sustainable society, we have to know how
it was in the past, how it is at present, how it will bein the future. And also, we have to know how we can
improve our world. Of course remote sensing cancontribute a very small portion. We have to integrate all
new technologies—countermeasure technologies andsimulation technologies, social system improvement. We
have to do everything.

31

Integration of different technologies is a criticalcomponent to tackle the climate change.

32

Last part is how we can find solution towards asustainable world.

33

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I would like to introduce three cycles: man-environment
interaction cycle, causality cycle, research activity cycle. I
would focus on this part.

34

Well, man-environment interaction cycle is this. We
human beings use energy and resources from nature.
And associated with that activity, we change our land
and we abandon many things. Some of the impact would
be negative to the human being. But we have to makethis feedback sound, otherwise we would be collapsed.
How to make this cycle sustainable and sound? This is
our mission and this is the mission of this forum. If thecycle works well, we can say it is sustainable.

35

We have to observe, elucidate, model, predict, assess andmanage processes to reduce negative impact. But be
careful. This has a boundary. It depends on country basis,
content basis or global basis. And also, I put two humans
in this chart. If this human is current generation, and thishuman is next generation, this is a generation gap issue.
Not generation gap. I’m sorry, I don’t know it in English.
In Japanese words, “sakiokuri.”36

But anyway, so trans-generation issue, and here istrans-border issue. The left hand side human is in A
Country, the right-hand side human is in B Country. Thisis trans-border issue. It is a sort of a national security
issue. And also, it contains global issue. So we have tofully utilize new technologies. This is remote sensing.
Remote sensing can observe land surface conditions,
atmospheric conditions and simulate future conditions.
We have to integrate everything, what is the causality cycle.

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Keynote Speech 2

Due to the population increase, the CO2 increase andthe current state is the temperature increase we have.
The impact would be in the temperature in the future or
rainfall in the future. We have very serious impact. And
by identifying the causality relations, we can do effective
response for this cycle. This DPSIR cycle, this is developedin Europe. This is not my idea. The first cycle is my idea.

38

39

And next cycle, this is very important.

40

Observation, I’m in charge of this part. And we have todevelop many measures or optimization. And we have to
put these into policy. There is quite a gap between theobservation and measures, and policies. But we have tolink these together.

41

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If we introduce new technologies, including solar
panel or electric car, we can observe the effect of thispolicy. For Vietnam, we would introduce these newtechnologies. We Japan, would measure there CO2
decrease in the future with GOSAT and will do. And wewould simulate the future of your country introducing
new technologies and we can observe the conditions
in your country with these new technologies. These are
the cycles.

42

The mission of science and technology is to identify
issues, identify causality, evaluate sensitivity, devise
countermeasures options and select the best one. Do thebest with policy and society.

43

So far, all over the world, there are so many trials to tackle
these issues how to combine science and technology
and society.
UNESCO and ICSU declared Budapest Declaration. It statedthat science should be for society, that science should bein society. In the last 20 years after this declaration, there
have been many papers, scientific papers, there have been
many new knowledges, still we have many problems.
Problems that have not been solved yet—global warming,biodiversity loss. We have to do many things. For example,
I would like to introduce to you the new program sponsoredby JST and JICA, “SATREPS.” This is the international
collaborative research program to solve social problems.

44

SATREPS stands for the Science and Technology ResearchPartnership for Sustainable Development. Professor
Yakushiji, over there, he is the commander of this program.

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This is a very good program. Outside the school, there
are so many cases developed in this research program.

46

So far, we have more than 90 projects, more than 90
projects are deployed over 40 countries. One project,
the budget is one million US dollars per year, a very big
project. So in total, the Japanese government invested a
lot of money. So we need to fruit for the tax payer.

47

The SATREPS challenges are there. Science andtechnology should be done with international
cooperation. Global issues and local needs. The final
goal in this SATREPS program is how to do social
implementation after this program.

48

So we have to look for the final goal from the beginningwith stakeholders. There are such areas—environment,
energy, bio resources, natural disasters, infectious
diseases. They cover many global issues.

49

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Again, please look at this chart. Please place yourposition in this chart. For example, some of you gave
presentation on water quality treatment, some of you
presented garbage processing this morning. But they
are within the circle, within this cycle. So you have torecognize your position.

35

Any one single discipline cannot cover the whole issues.
Any one single technology cannot cover the wholeissues.
Any one single organization cannot cover the wholeissues.
Any one single country cannot cover the whole issues.
The base idea of the SATREPS program is to tackle theseones. So, we have to integrate all of these. We need tocollaborate together and integrate all.

50

This Y-E-S forum is a very good opportunity for you to
expand your networks and friendships internationally,
and a very good opportunity for you to expand yourknowledge from local to global, and from global to local.
Thank you very much.

51

Honda Y-E-S Forum 201569

Panel Discussion

Panel Discussion

Panel Discussion

Panel Discussion—Summary
1. Introduction
Panel discussion is deemed one of the mostimportant agenda of our Honda Y-E-S Forum as
it is a precious opportunity to further discuss indetail regarding the theme of the forum with anactive participation from Honda Y-E-S Awardeesof all the five countries (Vietnam, India, Cambodia,
Laos, and Myanmar), honorable guest speakers,
and audience. Most importantly, the discussion
highlights key aspects of each country’s challenges
raised by the representatives from each country andespecially solicits perspective and commitment ofeach representative in addressing the encounteredproblems and challenges. Additionally, the comments
and experiences sharing from the honorable guest
speakers and audience shed a light on the solution to
the addressed problems of each country.

2. Content of Discussion
With facilitation from Dr. Sunami as a moderator, thepanel discussion was conducted informatively andsmoothly. The honorable guest speakers Dr. Fujita
and Dr. Yasuoka gave their candid feedback on thepresentations made by each country’s representatives
and the poster contestants. Dr. Fujita appreciated72

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015

the fact that all representatives of each country had
chosen well-established over advanced technologies
to solve the problems prevalent in their respective
nations. The appropriate technologies thus chosen
are easier to implement and cheaper to finance. Their
implementation would have far-reaching impact
in relatively shorter time horizon. In addition, Dr.
Yasuoka mentioned how the application of remotesensing could be deployed to deal with both global
issues as well as local issues, as he raised the casesof eutrophication in Japanese lakes and the illegal
dumping sites. He also diverted our attention towards
the possibility to gauge and thus control the pollution
emitted in each country.
Remarkably, two questions raised by themoderator to Honda Y-E-S awardee panelists are; (1)“what are the common challenges that each country
faces in implementing green technologies andcontrolling the pollution levels?” and (2) “what are thetake away notes and what next actions would Honda
Y-E-S awardee panelists take once they are back totheir countries?”. To respond to the first question,
the representative from Myanmar mentioned thesocial and technical challenges by specifying the lawPanel Discussion

enforcement in the country. He also emphasized theimportance of human factor as the most valuable
but not-well-utilized resource. The representativefrom Laos addressed the lack of human resource,
technology, and budget to deal with problems, while
the representative from Cambodia also emphasizedthat the human factors, attitude and knowledge inparticular, should be the common reason in the fivedeveloping countries, and along with it, resources andtechnology challenges should also be coped with at
the same time. The representative from India raised
the people’s attitude problem and the political will,
which affects the development goal of the country. In
addition, the representative from Vietnam addressed
the lack of cooperation between cross-bordercountries in the region. In the second question, therepresentative from Vietnam addressed his action
plan in learning from the researches and pilot projectsof the developed country. He also raised the pointthat developed countries should help the developing
countries financially to solve the environmental
problems. The representative from India mentionedthat publicizing the available solutions and projects intackling their problem is his action plan as he hopes
to bring the projects and ideas to India to improvethe country condition. Similarly, representative from
Cambodia shared her action plan in spreading theawareness of the problem to people in her country
and initiating the forum like Honda Y-E-S Forum as aplace to discuss and seek for solutions to the problem.
The representative from Laos shared his action planin transferring the ideas from the developed country
to his country and encouraging the people to thinkand seek for solution, and he emphasized his planin sharing his knowledge and available data in thisfield to his students in class. The representative from
Myanmar specified his plan in designing a solar
charge controller in a customized way to provide
easier fixing solution over the existing ones.
In facilitating the panel discussion, themoderator shared a few stories and experiences
regarding the discussed topics. He mentioned
the case of contaminated sea in Japan in the past
decades, which does not allow people to swim due tothe contamination level, and just recently, he heardthat in upcoming summer in Tokyo the government
would allow the Japanese people to swim in thesea to test if there are any side effects due to it.
This simply means that Japan too has undergone
and suffered the pollution problems in the past

decades, and it should be time people have to wakeup and clean those things up. Dr. Sunami sharedanother interesting story of a simple technology withsustainable energy which proved to be very useful
for Japan during the earthquake in Fukushima. There
was no electricity supply in the region during theaftermath of Fukushima meltdown and there was noway diabetic people could have got their diabetes
tests done. Portable diabetes testing devices camehandy during this strenuous time and saved many
patients. He thought it could be a good exampleof simple technologies which were developed andproved to be effective in a developed country andalso be applicable to developing countries.
During the panel discussion, there was active
participation from audience also. A lot of questions
are directed to both the guest speakers as well as the
Honda Y-E-S Awardees. One of the questions asked
for the guest speakers was to highlight the similarities
and differences in technology they observed in thepast and present. The questioner also commented
that despite advancement in technology, humanbeings still face the same problem. Dr. Fujita pointed
out the differences between experimental andpractical work of researchers hinting that it could be
the cause of differences, while Dr. Yasuoka pointed
out that difference he noticed is the easy availabilityof open data from all over the world for research,
unlike in the past when it required a lot of effort toobtain data from other countries. He also addressed
the similarity that is to achieve the goal, hard work isneeded. In addition, an audience asked a question to
Dr. Yasuoka about his remote sensing project whether
it contributes to the mitigation and adaptation ofclimate change. Dr. Yasuoka mentioned that someprojects in remote sensing field actually respondto the mitigation and adaption to climate change.
Another interesting question from a poster contestantis what each Honda Y-E-S Awardee as the future
young scientist and engineer has done to contributeto the raised problem of their country. This questionis one of core questions which was also asked by
the moderator as it is interesting to know the young
scientist and engineer’s action plan in dealing withthe problem in their own country.

Honda Y-E-S Forum 201573

Research Poster Contest

Research Poster Contest

Research Poster Contest

Research Poster Contest—Summary
1. Introduction

The primary purposes of the poster contest along with
Honda Y-E-S Forum are (i) to acquire the clear pictureof the essence of sustainable development, (ii) tofoster innovative ideas for solutions to environmental
pollution, (iii) to help students to network anddevelop technical skills by getting feedback on theirwork, and (iv) to implement a global network in orderto strengthen the momentum of finding eco-friendly
solutions.

shortlisting of their submitted abstract. 24 shortlisted
teams were given the opportunities to present theirworks at Ichijo Hall, the venue of the Forum. They
were all sharing their ideas in front of their posters
displayed in the atrium of the Hall. Furthermore, 14
out of 24 teams were selected to give an introductory
presentation on the stage of the Forum.
The selection of two poster contest winners
among top 14 was based on the decision of thejudges, consisting of the guest speakers and the
directors of Honda Foundation. The first place wasawarded JPY50,000 with certificate of recognition foreach member; and the second place was awarded
JPY30,000 with certificate of recognition for eachmember. Besides, the team which got the most votes
from the audiences out of 24 teams was presented an
Audience Award.

3. Competition Scheme

4. List of teams

Students who study at Japanese universities andgraduate schools and who belong to researchlaboratories in the field of environmental issues andtechnologies (including foreign students in Japan)
submitted abstracts of their works prior to the Forum.
Each participant team was selected through the

Many participating students are from countries inwhich Honda Y-E-S Award are implemented, andother developing countries in Asia, such as Vietnam,
India, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Thailand. They
have brought to the Forum a variety of solutions forenvironmental issues from different aspects. Many

The research poster contest within Honda Y-E-S Forum2015 has created a media for participating students
to share, discuss and improve their research on thetheme of environmental issues through networking
with forum audiences.

2. Purpose

76

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015

Research Poster Contestof the teams conducted their research on novel
technologies to enhance current environmental
treatment system, or provided the design, verificationand development of environmental friendly tools.
Some others investigated the environmental
parameters in a specific area to demonstrate theimpact of some polluting factors. Moreover, someworks suggested applying Japanese technology
to developing countries. Social approach was also
introduced in investigation of social awareness andbehaviors on pollution, as well as economic aspect.
The diversity of participants and poster
contents has enriched the discussion andnetworking in the Forum.
(Full entry list of Research Poster Contest can befound on page 78.)

5. Prize and winners
The First Prize goes to the team of ATEIA, Mohamed
from Tokyo Institute of Technology for their work on“Magnetic carbon nanotubes: Regeneration methods
and perspective for removal of chemical substances inwastewater”. They test a simple method to synthesis
Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes, in order to improve theelucidating the regeneration efficiency, the removal
efficiency, and the adsorption capacity of organic
pollutants.
The Second Prize was presented to the teamof KAMEI, Tatsuru from University of Yamanashi for
their work on “Development of simple groundwater
treatment systems for developing countries: A
case study of installation in Kathmandu, Nepal”.
They develop systems for removing heavy metal
and nitrogenous compounds, which are feasible
applications for groundwater treatment systems
in Kathmandu, Nepal. This team also gained the
Audience Award.
All other contestants also received the certificate
and memento for their participation.

Honda Y-E-S Forum 201577

Research Poster Contest

Entry list of Research Poster Contest

Team

Abstract Title

University

Name

Finalist for 1st, 2nd, and audience award
A

Microbial Community Analysis for the Biofouling Prevention of Membrane Bioreactors in Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Osaka University

Takada, Kazuki

B

Magnetic carbon nanotubes: Regeneration methods and perspective for removalof chemical substances in wastewaterTokyo Institute of Technology

Ateia, Mohamed

C

To Reduce Environmental Pollutions and Access Benefits From Waste Electricaland Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in Myanmar Using Japanese Recycling Technol-

Waseda University

Than, Win Maung
Shungo, Hobo

D

Constructed wetlands for treatment of leachate from solid waste landfill in Southeast Asia : A Lab-scale feasibility study

Osaka University

A, DanFujii, Daiki

E

Improvement of Duckweed Hydroculture system using plant-microbe interaction
for efficient water purification and biomass production

Osaka University

Ishizawa, HidehiroKaji, Yukiko

F

Investigation of capturing behavior of strontium by CaCO3 as a method of removing radioactive strontium

Waseda University

Nakai, Akari

G

Development of simple groundwater treatment systems for developing
countries : A case study of installation in Kathmandu, Nepal

University of Yamanashi

Kamei, Tatsuru

H

Feasibility of a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor for removal of high strength
nitrogenous wastewater with minimum N20 emission: Proof of concept

Tokyo University of Agriculture
and Technology

Co, Thi Kinh

I

Elucidation and modelling of water quality of highly turbid water body of Tonle
Sap LakeTokyo Institute of Technology

Siev, Sokly
Uk, Sovannara

J

Application of coagulation process of wet weather wastewater focusing on virus
removalThe University of Tokyo

Kansawat, Orawan
Katayama, Hiroyuki

K

Application of UASB+DHS system for sewage treatment in subtropical countries:
On-site evaluation of the process in India

Nagaoka University of Technology

Nomoto, Naoki
Adlin, Nur

L

Hydrology and water quality variations in open dumpsites: A case study in Sri
Lanka

Saitama University

Kumarasinghe, Udayagee

M

Assessment of air pollution caused by boats in Saen Saep canal, Bangkok

The University of Tokyo

Maw, Kay Khaing
Kanazawa, KaoriN

A high pressure jet device as an innovative technology for excess sludge reduction
from an activated sludge system: A pilot-scale demonstration

Tokyo University of Agriculture
and Technology

Yoshino, Hiroyuki

Participation for audeince award

78

O

Environmental Impact caused by mining sector in Myanmar

Waseda University

Oo, Kyaw Swar
Yagisawa, MakotoP

Synthesis of Bismuth Selenide by Selenite-reducing Bacteria

Osaka University

Suda, Soshi

Q

Air Pollution in Bangladesh and lesson learned from the Japanese Solution

Waseda University

Mamun, Abdullah Al
Takehiro, Uchida

R

Stakeholders involvement and its important toward ecotechnology in Vietnam

University of Tsukuba

Nguyen, Hong Son
Kenichi, Matsui

S

Knowledge, perception and preventive behaviors on air pollution among mobile
vehicles drivers in Bangkok, Thailand

The University of Tokyo

Wai, Kyi Mar
Liu, Jaiqi

T

Evaluation of community structure and metabolic functions of sediment microbial
ecosystems in brackish water and freshwater areas of Yodo River in Japan

Osaka University

Yamato, Mei

U

Integrated solid waste management in Nonthaburi province, Thailand

The University of Tokyo

Guragai, Bibas
Gunawan, Patricia Angelina

V

Estimating agricultural water demand in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

University of Yamanashi

Tomoaki, Kozono
Hiroshi, IshidairaW

Assessing knowledge on urban heat island phenomenon on human health in
Bangkok, Thailand

The University of Tokyo

Muasa, Lilian
Nakajima, Misaki

X

Identification of Bio-Fenton process in diatoms and its capability to degrade
Antibiotics in aqueous medium

Waseda University

Vadakke Pariyarath, Ranjusha
Inagaki, Yoshihiko

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015

Research Poster Contest

First Prize“Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes: Regeneration Methods and Perspective for Removal ofChemical Substances in Wastewaters” by Ateia, Mohamed, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Honda Y-E-S Forum 201579

Research Poster Contest

Second Prize“Development of Simple Groundwater Treatment Systems for Developing Countries:
A Case Study of Installation in Kathmandu, Nepal” by Kamei, Tatsuru, University of Yamanashi

80

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015

Closing Remarks

Closing Remarks

Closing Remarks
Mr. Akira Kojima
Advisor, Japan Center for Economic Research

It has turned out to be a wonderful day. You may
be physically tired, but mentally and spiritually you
have been energized. I just want to congratulate you
all on your beautiful presentations, participation,
performances, and achievements, which have madethis first Honda Y-E-S Forum very, very successful. I
enjoyed feeling your high sense of mission and alsostrong passion. In the last session, you talked about
the next action, so the mission, passion, action you
shared, so you are committed to the future.
As for technology, technology is still very
important. We are talking about innovation in
Japan to get out of the secular stagnation that has
happened over the last 20-something years in Japan.
But innovation is something different from justtechnological improvement. It’s more comprehensive,
like has been discussed in this Forum.
An interesting episode is the inventor Edison,
who was the founder of the General Electric Company.
He was the inventor of the light bulb. This is a goodinvention technologically, but the bulb itself is notgood enough. The bulb needs an electricity generator,
but even that is not enough. You need to connect wires

82

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015and have plugs, sockets, and converters, but in a shortperiod of time Edison invented everything so it became
applicable to our lives.
When he first invented this light, people
were afraid that it was dangerous and so held aperformance on Fifth Avenue in New York City where
he put many charming young ladies on a big truck
with bright light bulbs on their heads. This was a great
performance so everyone began to enjoy this value
added. So technology itself is very important but it
must be applied to real life.
In this Forum, we discussed about technology
related to the environment. You are issue orientated
and that’s great, but being solution orientated is
now needed. In that sense, I enjoyed your very active
participation with this orientation. Everybody must be
feeling happy with their participation and I do hopethat we can see you again and that this is going to bea good start for new entrepreneurs and enterprises
based on this first, but not the last, Y-E-S Forum. This isa very important first beginning.
May I thank you again. Congratulations.

Closing Remarks

Closing Remarks
Ein Kaung
2014 Honda Y-E-S Awardee in Myanmer

Minasan Konbanwa. I do believe that you all have avery wonderful moment and also I think this event
is totally knowledgeable. First, I thought remotesensing would be like some kind of remote control
car with sensors but it was totally different. Also, as
Dr. Yasuoka said, we must focus on one thing when
we are still young. Dr. Fujita pointed out that new
tech has very sharp point and so, we must look at theoutcomes, mustn’t we? These are the very wonderfulremarks. Additionally, I would like to add one thing
to this Forum. It is my conviction that technology
has no boundary. I think so. Honda Soichiro said thattechnology should be for society. It should be truly
contributing to the society and that is why, we areworking for it. We are engineers and we are the great
contributor to the development of our society.
Right now, the world is not just looked at asa village. I feel that this might be like a community

size. We must learn what is happening outside ourcountry. This is truly necessary and the things that
we have got from this Forum are very invaluable. The
posters are really amazing. I have got the chance tolearn that even very simple things could mitigate thepollution problems and thank you for this, poster
contest teams. I really enjoy and happy, the same as
the awardees of the poster contest.
Last but not least, I would like to say “ThankYou” to the Honda Foundation for granting us thisgreat chance. In the next year, please do participate
in the Forum and actively ask questions. Here I
would like to quote what Morgan Freeman saidon Discovery Channel and Discovery Science thatscience is questioning and question everything. We
must question everything so that we can learn how
to deal with our social needs. Thank you very much.

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015

83

The Way Forward

The Way Forward
Honda Y-E-S forum has been designed to create aplatform for researchers, students, industrialists, andprofessors to discuss problems faced within the realmof ecotechnology. The student presentations and theposter competition provide means to understandthe ongoing research under the broad theme ofecotechnology. The broad goal of the Forum is forthe participants to learn from the research solutions
presented and design more effective solutions tocreate a sustainable future.

Publicity
To achieve this, the focus should be on promoting theevent to ensure higher international participation every
year. In the future, the event could be held in different
locations of the world to expand the student andresearch community involved in the Forum. The event
should be promoted by the Y-E-S awardees in theirrespective Alma maters to promote ecotechnology asa highly evolving area of research and the Forum as an
event to gain knowledge on this topic.

84

Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015

Alumni networking
Honda Y-E-S awardees must create a strong alumni
network allowing the exchange of innovation andideas. Y-E-S awardees who are currently working on inareas related to ecotechnology should be invited to
the Forum to present their own research in order tomotivate the participants.

Skill development
The organizing team of Honda Y-E-S awardees or
Honda officials should organize a skills workshop
wherein students could learn useful skills- “How to givea great presentation”, “Best tools to present scientificdata” etc. Students could also share their experiences inworking for start ups, applications to graduate school
and working for multinational companies.
The events in the Honda Y-E-S forum should
be designed such that innovation in the field ofecotechnology is promoted, and a strong Y-E-S alumni
network is created every year.

Contact Information of Honda Y-E-S Awardees

Contact Information of Honda Y-E-S Awardees(Honda Y-E-S Forum 2015 Preparation Committee Members)

Vietnam
Le Nguyen Kim Hai

lenguyenkimhai@gmail.com

Ngo Khac Hoang

khachoang1412@gmail.com

Nguyen Trung Kien

ngtrungkien311@gmail.com

India
Mayur Rastogi

mayur.rastogi.iitkgp@gmail.com

Nishita Mohannishita.iitm@gmail.com

Rohit Singh Sahani

rohitsingh.iitd@gmail.com

Cambodia
Nget Rachananget.rachana@gmail.com

Sok Sikieng

sikieng.sok@gmail.com

Laos
Manyda Phothirathm-nyda7788@hotmail.com

Vernsone Phengsoulith

ern.phl86@yahoo.com

MyanmarEin Kaung

einkaung.mce@gmail.com

Honda Y-E-S Forum 201585

Honda Yaesu Bldg., 6-20 Yaesu 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0028
Tel: +81-3-3274-5125 Fax: +81-3-3274-5103
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