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ANALYZE THE DRINKING WATER QUALITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN RURAL
HARYANA: A CASE STUDY OF JIND DISTRICT
D. S. Yadav1 and Neeru Saini2
Assistant Professor, 2Research Scholar,
Department of Geography, CRSU, Jind, Haryana, India
Email: devyadavgis@gmail.com
1

How to cite this paper:
Yadav, D. S. and Saini,
Neeru (2023) Analyze theDrinking Water Quality andits Management in Rural
Haryana: A Case Study ofJind District, Journal of
Global Resources, Vol. 09
(01)
DOI:
10.46587/JGR.2023.v09i01.005

Received: 11 Sep. 2022
Reviewed: 30 Oct. 2022
Final Accepted: 09 Dec. 2022

Abstract: Water is an essential component for all living beings.
Additionally, it is unimaginable to think of Earth without water.
The chemical name of water is H2O. Water is made up of two
atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. Water availability
on earth’s surface is 70 percent. For this reason, the earth iscalled the “BLUE PLANET” (Mark R., 2009). The water
available on the earth is taken as 100 units. Out of this, 97.5
percent water is found in the oceans. 1.5 percent of water isfound in polar ice, and only 1 percent of water is found in theform of rivers, lakes and underground water. Only 3 percent of
the water on earth is present in the form of fresh water.
Therefore, due to less availability of fresh and clean water on theearth, the problem of water scarcity has started emerging invarious areas. As a result, conserving water becomes a far more
important step in finding a solution. Under this research work,
information related to water resource management in rural areasof the JIND district of Haryana state has been displayed. Under
which water sources are available in rural areas of the district,the quality of drinking water, the utility of water in various works,
implemented schemes, and water conservation methods related
to water conservation in the district have been demonstrated.
This research work has been completed based on primary andsecondary data. Under this research work, primary data has
been collected by random sampling of rural areas of JIND district
and secondary data has been gathered from a variety ofsources, including magazines, books, research papers, etc. In
this manner, information about water conservation in rural areasof the JIND district that was gathered from primary andsecondary sources has been described scientifically. As a result,
the rural residents of the JIND district are well-versed in water
conservation information, and they practice water saving
techniques. This research study contributes to the scientificunderstanding of the data pertaining to the district's rural water
resource management.
Key word: Water Conservation, Ground Water, Drinking Water,
Scheme, Rainwater, Water Resource, Management.

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Introduction
On the surface of the world, water is a precious natural resource. It is commonly referred to as
Water, Neer, Pani, Jal, and so on. All living being depend on water for survival. Although there
is an abundance of water on the earth, there is a severe shortage of potable water. In general,
there are two definitions of water on Earth: terrestrial water and Earth's water. In the modern
era, humans have greatly increased their consumption of water to fulfil their developmental
activities. Due to this increased water demand, a water crisis has begun to develop in several
parts of the world. This is an international issue. India is another of these important nations.
To resolve the issue of the water crisis on the surface of the world and to preserve life, water
conservation is crucial. This research project includes a thorough examination of the Jind
district's water resource management practices. Haryana is the state where this district islocated. Several water sources, including the government water system, tube wells, headpumps, and camper systems, are used to provide drinking water in the district's rural sections.
The public water system provides service to 65 percent of the population in the district's ruralsections. Both fresh and salty water are available in the district's rural sections (Garg V.K.,
2009).
Most residents of the district's rural sections use more than 500 litres of water eachday, according to research (Table 3). Rainwater harvesting is only done in very tiny amounts
by the locals in the district's rural sections. Most of this rainwater is utilised to recharge inverter
batteries (Table 4). The summer months bring about a water shortage in the district's ruralsections, which has a significant effect on both people and animals. In addition, the district's
rural areas were used to gather data on practical water saving techniques. Considering this, it
can be stated that rural residents are well-informed on water conservation, and they employ
these strategies as well. To encourage water conservation in Jind district's rural areas, theadministration has put in place a number of programmes. In which prominently features "Jal
Gram Yojana" and "Har Ghar Jal Yojana" (Table 5). Consequently, employing practical water
conservation techniques can help to alleviate water-related issues in rural areas. In thismanner, the research work offers scientific and analytical data pertaining to the water resource
management practised in Jind district's rural areas.
Study Area
Jind is the largest and oldest district located in the north of Haryana state in India. Jind district
extends between 29.32°N to 76.32°E in the Haryana state. The geographical area of Jind
district is 2709 square kilometer. The average elevation of district is 227 meters (744 feet)above sea level. It is administrative headquarter of Jind district. The primary tourist attraction
and significant religious sites in the Jind district include Rani Talab, Pandu Pindara, And
Ramrai. Hisar Division, which was established in 1966, includes Jind District. Hisar andFatehabad form the district's western and northern borders, respectively, as do Kaithal and
Karnal. Sonipat, Panipat, and Rohtak are in the Jind district's east and south, respectively. In
the Jind district, there is 515 mm of rain per year on average. Rainfall in the Jind district rises
from west to east. The Jind district receives roughly 77 percent of its annual precipitation during
the south-west monsoon. The average low temperature in the Jind district is 6 °C in January,
and the average high temperature is 41 °C in June. Jind district has a total population of
13,34,152, according to the 2011 census. The region that speaks Hindi includes the Jind
district (Census Handbook, 2011).

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Objective• To analyse the various water sources in the target area.
• To evaluate the drinking water quality in the study region.
• To suggest the useful methods of water conservation research area.
Research Methodology
This research study has been completed on primary and secondary data have both been used
analytically in this study project. In the Jind district's rural districts, primary data were gathered
through interviews with a structured questionnaire employing a random sample technique. A
total of 400 households in six villages (Nandgarh, Ponkeri Kheri, Padana, Ikkas, Barsola, andPahlwa) in the Jind district provided the primary data. In addition, secondary information about
the management of water resources in rural Jind district areas has been gathered from avariety of sources, including books, periodicals, and research papers that have been
published. The information gleaned from the accessible primary and secondary sources wasthen analytically examined. As a result, these processed data have been used to convey thefindings of study linked to water resource management in rural areas of Jind district utilising avariety of research methodologies.

#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Table 01: Various Sources of Drinking Water
Sources
Percentage
Govt. supply
65.01
Hand Pump
51.36
Tube wells
29.78
Campers15.38
Private Tap
1.24
Tanker
0.74
Wells
0.25

Source: Personal Survey, 2021

Numerous water sources in Jind district's rural areas supply all the water needed.
These water sources mostly include government water supplies, hand pumps, tube wells,
camper supplies, private taps, tanks, and wells. This study discovered that 65 percent ofresidents in the district's rural sections receive drinkable water from the public water system.
51.36 percent of people use hand pumps to get access to potable water. For potable water,
15.38 percent of campers and 29.78 percent of tube wells, respectively, are used in the
district's rural areas. This means that in addition to these water sources, 0.25 percent of people
also obtain drinkable water from wells, 1.24 percent from private taps, and 0.74 percent fromtankers. These water sources in the rural parts of Jind district so meet the needs of the
populace for water. In conclusion, it can be claimed that many inhabitants in the district's rural
areas obtain potable water from the public water supply system. In addition to this, additional
water sources also provide for the requirements of those living in rural areas. (Table 1).

#
1
2
3
4
5

Table 02: Quality of Drinking Water
Quality TypeSalty
AcidicChemical
Pure
Total

Source: Personal Survey, 2021

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Percentage
58.06
0.74
1.24
39.95
100

Figure 01: Sources of Drinking Water
70
60

50
40
30
20
10
0
Govt. supply Hand Pump

Tube wells

Campers

Private tap

Tanker.

Wells

On earth, water comes in a variety of forms. Due to growing pollution brought on byboth natural and human influences, water quality is declining in rural regions. In the district's
rural sections, 58.06 percent of residents have access to salt-contaminated drinkable water.
In their rural communities, 39.95 percent of the residents claim that there is pure drinking water
available. According to 1.24 percent of the populace, their rural location has access to potablewater in a chemical state. The acidic quality of the drinkable water in their rural region has also
been reported, albeit only by 0.74 percent of the population. This leads to the conclusion thatmany Jind district's rural communities have drinking water that is salty in nature. (Table 02).

#
1
2
3
4

Table 03: Daily Consumption of Water in Household
Home
AnimalWater (Ltr.)
Percentage#
Water (Ltr.)
Percentage
Below 250
5.46
1Below 250
1.42
250-500
18.61
2
250-500
15.34
500 above
75.93
3
500 above
83.24
Total
100
4
Total
100

Source: Personal Survey, 2021

The amount of water used for home purposes and for raising animals differs in the ruralparts of Jind district. The spread of contemporary facilities in rural areas is accompanied by anincrease in water demand. 75.93 percent of homes in the district's rural areas use more than
500 litres of water each month for household needs, compared to 18.61 percent of households
that use between 250 and 500 litres. On the other hand, activities associated to animalhusbandry need more water. In Jind district's rural areas, 83.24 percent of residents arereported to use more than 500 litres of water per day for animal husbandry. Water used foranimal husbandry is reported to be consumed in just 15.34 percent of households, or between
250 and 500 litres. This is because there are fewer animals in these residences, and most of
the ponds are used for livestock farming. In this manner, it is found that domestic and animalhusbandry-related water usage is high in Jind district's rural districts. (Table 03).

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FIGURE: 4 ANIMALSFIGURE: 3 HOME

2%

5%

15%
19%

76%

Below 250

Below 250

250-500

250-500

500 above

500 above

83%

Table 04: Uitlisation of Conserved Rainwater by Respondents
#
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Source: Personal Survey, 2021

PurposeIrrigation
Animals
Bathing
Washing
inverter
No use
Total

Percentage
3.23
17.37
6.95
23.08
37.97
11.41
100

Rainwater conservation is the process of preserving water that has been collected
through various means of precipitation. In the district, rain-protected water has been applied
to a variety of projects. The district's population uses 37.97 percent of the rainwater collected
for use in inverter batteries. This is because the district's rainfall is seen as favourable forinverter battery use. 23.08 percent of people use rainwater for cleaning their homes, and 17.30
percent use it for caring for their pets. Aside from this, 6.95 percent of people bathe withrainwater, while 3.23 percent use it for irrigation. Additionally, according to a poll I conducted,
11.41 percent of people do not use rainwater at all. (Table 04). As a result, it can be concluded
that many inverter batteries are used in Jind district because to the high quality of the rainwater
there. In addition, individuals use water that has been preserved from the rain for other things.
As a result, residents of Jind district have been using water efficiently over time to fulfill theirdemands.
Table 05: Implemented Schemes Related to Water Resource Management#
Schemes1.
Mara Pani, Meri Virasat Yojana
2.
Jal Gram Yojana
3.
Har Ghar Jal Yojana
4.
Bhujal Yojana
5.
Nal Se Jal Yojana
6.
No idea/ no
Source: Personal Survey, 2021

Percentage
24.57
35.73
46.15
9.93
23.33
28.78

In the rural parts of Jind district, the government has established several water
conservation management programmes, however their execution is quite sparse. The "HarGhar Jal Yojana" has allegedly been implemented in the district, according to 46.15 percent of
the populace. According to 35.73 percent of respondents, the district has received the "Jal52

Gram Yojana" in its practical form. Throughout addition, according to 24.57 percent, 23.33
percent, and 9.93 percent of respondents, respectively, "Mera Pani Meri Virasat Yojana," "NalSe Jal Yojana," and "Bhujal Yojana" have been implemented in the district. Additionally, among
28.78 percent of the population, no information about these water saving initiatives has been
discovered. Therefore, it is essential to execute water conservation plans in order to conserve
water. (Table 05).
Figure 06: Implemented Schemes related to Water Resource Management

IN PERCENTAGE

IMPLEMENTED SCHEMES RELATED TO WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mara Pani,
Meri Virasat
YojanaJal Gram
YojanaHar Ghar Jal
YojanaBhujal
YojanaNal Se Jal
YojanaNo idea/ no

Table 06: Water Conservation Measures Used by Respondent
Planned construction

15.88

Bathing of animal
Stop to overflow of water tanks
Minimum use washing of vehicle
Timely repairing of leakage of pipes
Control climate change
New conservation technologies
Education/awarenessMeeting with gram panchayat
Source: personal survey, 2021

43.92
31.51
39.21
10.92
7.94
2.73
28.29
27.54

Put a layer of mulch around trees
and plants
Turn off the water while shaving
Over-exploiting of ground water
Increased human consumption
Drip Irrigation
Recycle wastewater
Ecosystem management
Use of Hand Pump
Use Mug While Tooth Brushing

7.69
47.39
11.17
35.73
5.96
12.16
5.96
38.71
48.14

Water conservation is critical to ensuring the continued availability of this vital natural
resource. Water conservation measures are implemented in rural areas of the Jind district.
47.39 percent of people use the method of turning off the water while shaving. Water
conservation methods are used by 43.92 percent of people while bathing their animals. Hand
pump is used by 38.71 percent of the people. Furthermore, 48.14 percent of people brush theirteeth with water in a mug. 2.73 percent of people use novel water-saving methods. Along withthis many other water conservation methods are used by the people of Jind district for water
conservation. This leads to the conclusion that, in addition to their knowledge of numerous
other water conservation techniques, the residents of Jind district use these techniques forwater conservation. In essence, it can be claimed that knowledge of various water
conservation measures is widespread in Jind district's rural areas and that people adopt thesestrategies to conserve water (Table 06).
Suggestions• Organize programmes that focus on how to best use water resources in rural areas.
• Conservation of pristine water sources present in rural areas should be promoted.
• The rural population should use the appropriate amount of water for residential and animalhusbandry activities.
• Rain water should be conserved in excessive quantity by the villagers and should use it wisely.

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• To maintain the cleanliness of water in rural areas, water purification should be done by naturaland chemical methods as per the need.
• Rural people should be made aware of the causes and effects of water pollution and water crisis,
so that problems like water pollution and water crisis can be prevented.
• Provisions should be made to prevent the improper use of water to address the problem of watercrisis increasing day by day in rural areas.
• Water conservation schemes should be implemented in rural areas by the state government andvillage panchayats.
• Villagers in rural areas should be given information about the impact of polluted water on healthand the utility of clean water.
• Plantation system of local species should be adopted in rural areas, so that the problem of rainwater crisis can be solved.
• Strict rules related to water conservation should be implemented by the Gram Panchayats on therural people.
• Rural people should be made acquainted with modern water conservation methods and information
should be made available for their use.
• The availability of water resources in rural areas should be increased by the government.
• Pucca and covered drainage systems should be provided in rural areas so that contaminatedsurface water does not contaminate ground water.
• Rural residents should make extensive use of auxiliary irrigation techniques to save water for crop
irrigation.
• All significant water conservation programmes should be implemented by rural residents.

Conclusion
A water crisis has begun to develop in rural regions as a result of excessive water use anddeclining water supplies. The scarcity of precipitation and the people' daily increase in water
consumption are the primary causes of the water crisis. Focusing on these issues, numerous
water conservation programmes, including the "Har Ghar Jal Yojana," have been put in placein these rural areas. In addition, support techniques including drip, sprinkle, conventional, pipe,and others have been employed to conserve water in irrigation systems. This study revealed
that residents in the rural parts of Jind district have easy access to knowledge regarding watersaving techniques. In addition to this knowledge, rural residents apply these water saving
techniques in their daily domestic activities. In this manner, the rural populace and thegovernment may effectively address the water-related issues present in the Jind district's rural
areas with the use of beneficial water conservation programmes. The proper use of water byrural residents and the adoption of water conservation measures are essential for addressing
issues like water pollution that are constantly occurring in rural regions. As a result, the Jind
district's rural areas have broad and organised water resource management, according to theresearch study's conclusion. If rural residents employ water conservation-related strategies
properly, the availability of water resource management in rural regions can be preserved in
the future.
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