RECOMMENDED READINGThe development and application of
CRISPRi and CRISPRa technologies
Introduction
CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) are powerful,
emerging tools for the targeted modulation of gene expression. The
following publications document the development and application ofthese technologies.

CRISPRi

6.

Gilbert, L. A., Larson, M. H., Morsut, L., Liu, Z., Brar, G. A., Torres, S. E.,
Stern-Ginossar, N., Brandman, O., Whitehead, E. H., Doudna, J. A., Lim,W. A., Weissman, J. S., & Qi, L. S. (2013). CRISPR-mediated modular RNAguided regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. Cell, 154(2), 442–451.

CRISPRa1.

Weltner, J., Balboa, D., Katayama, S., Bespalov, M., Krjutškov,K., Jouhilahti, E.-M., Trokovic, R., Kere, J., & Otonkoski, T. (2018).
Human pluripotent reprogramming with CRISPR activators. NatureCommunications, 9(1), 2643.

2.

Bester, A. C., Lee, J. D., Chavez, A., Lee, Y.-R., Nachmani, D., Vora, S.,
Victor, J., Sauvageau, M., Monteleone, E., Rinn, J. L., Provero, P.,
Church, G. M., Clohessy, J. G., & Pandolfi, P. P. (2018). An integrated
genome-wide CRISPRa approach to functionalize lncrRNAs in drug
resistance. Cell, 173(3), 649-664.e20.

3.

Simeonov, D. R., Gowen, B. G., Boontanrart, M., Roth, T. L., Gagnon,J. D., Mumbach, M. R., Satpathy, A. T., Lee, Y., Bray, N. L., Chan, A. Y.,
Lituiev, D. S., Nguyen, M. L., Gate, R. E., Subramaniam, M., Li, Z., Woo,J. M., Mitros, T., Ray, G. J., Curie, G. L., … Marson, A. (2017). Discoveryof stimulation-responsive immune enhancers with CRISPR activation.
Nature, 549(7670), 111–115.

Horlbeck, M. A., Gilbert, L. A., Villalta, J. E., Adamson, B., Pak, R. A., Chen,Y., Fields, A. P., Park, C. Y., Corn, J. E., Kampmann, M., & Weissman, J. S.
(2016). Compact and highly active next-generation libraries for
CRISPR-mediated gene repression and activation. ELife, 5, e19760.

4.

Konermann, S., Brigham, M. D., Trevino, A. E., Joung, J., Abudayyeh, O.
O., Barcena, C., Hsu, P. D., Habib, N., Gootenberg, J. S., Nishimasu, H.,
Nureki, O., & Zhang, F. (2015). Genome-scale transcriptional activation
by an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 complex. Nature, 517(7536), 583–588.

Gilbert, L. A., Horlbeck, M. A., Adamson, B., Villalta, J. E., Chen, Y.,
Whitehead, E. H., Guimaraes, C., Panning, B., Ploegh, H. L., Bassik, M. C.,
Qi, L. S., Kampmann, M., & Weissman, J. S. (2014). Genome-scale
CRISPR-mediated control of gene repression and activation. Cell,159(3), 647–661.

5.

Kiani, S., Chavez, A., Tuttle, M., Hall, R. N., Chari, R., Ter-Ovanesyan,D., Qian, J., Pruitt, B. W., Beal, J., Vora, S., Buchthal, J., Kowal, E. J. K.,
Ebrahimkhani, M. R., Collins, J. J., Weiss, R., & Church, G. (2015). Cas9gRNA engineering for genome editing, activation and repression.
Nature Methods, 12(11), 1051–1054.

6.

Maeder, M. L., Linder, S. J., Cascio, V. M., Fu, Y., Ho, Q. H., & Joung, J. K.
(2013). CRISPR RNA–guided activation of endogenous human genes.
Nature Methods, 10(10), 977–979.

1.

Gasperini, M., Hill, A. J., McFaline-Figueroa, J. L., Martin, B., Kim, S.,Zhang, M. D., Jackson, D., Leith, A., Schreiber, J., Noble, W. S., Trapnell,C., Ahituv, N., & Shendure, J. (2019). A genome-wide framework formapping gene regulation via cellular genetic screens. Cell, 176(6), 1516.

2.

Yeo, N. C., Chavez, A., Lance-Byrne, A., Chan, Y., Menn, D., Milanova, D.,
Kuo, C.-C., Guo, X., Sharma, S., Tung, A., Cecchi, R. J., Tuttle, M., Pradhan,S., Lim, E. T., Davidsohn, N., Ebrahimkhani, M. R., Collins, J. J., Lewis, N.
E., Kiani, S., & Church, G. M. (2018). An enhanced CRISPR repressor fortargeted mammalian gene regulation. Nature Methods, 15(8), 611–616.

3.

Liu, S. J., Horlbeck, M. A., Cho, S. W., Birk, H. S., Malatesta, M., He, D.,Attenello, F. J., Villalta, J. E., Cho, M. Y., Chen, Y., Mandegar, M. A., Olvera,M. P., Gilbert, L. A., Conklin, B. R., Chang, H. Y., Weissman, J. S., & Lim, D.
A. (2017). CRISPRi-based genome-scale identification of functional longnoncoding RNA loci in human cells. Science, 355(6320), eaah7111.

4.

5.

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