CEOP LBA Manaus Reference Site
1. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATIONName

CEOP LBA Manaus Reference Site

Abbreviation

LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere - Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia)

Metadata
Identifier

CEOP_LBA_Manaus20230727060415-DIAS20221121113753-en

2. CONTACT
2.1 CONTACT on DATASET
Name

Antonio Ocimar Manzi

Organization

LBA Implementation Manager / Central Office Coordinator

Address

Av. Andre Araujo, 2936 - Alojamento No. 09 - Petropolis, Cx. Postal 478,
Petropolis, Manaus, 69011-970 , Brazil

TEL+55(92)643-3255 / 236-5205

FAX+55(92)643-3238/ 236-5131

E-mailmanzi@inpa.gov.br

2.2 CONTACT on PROJECT
2.2.1 Data Integration and Analysis System
Name

DIAS Office

Organization

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Address

3173-25, Showa-Cho, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan

E-maildias-office@diasjp.net

3. DOCUMENT AUTHOR
Name

Antonio Ocimar Manzi

Organization

LBA Implementation Manager / Central Office CoordinatorE-mailmanzi@inpa.gov.br

4. DATASET CREATOR
Name

Antonio Ocimar Manzi

Organization

LBA Implementation Manager / Central Office CoordinatorE-mailmanzi@inpa.gov.br1

5. DATE OF THIS DOCUMENT
2023-07-27

6. DATE OF DATASET
�creation : 2010-03-31

7. DATASET OVERVIEW
7.1 Abstract
The LBA Manaus km 34 site is part of the LBA Project, managed by the Brazilian Institute for Amazon
Research (INPA) which is subordinated to Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT).
The capital city of the state of Amazonas is Manaus, located near the confluence of the Negro andSolim�es Rivers. This area of the central Amazon is relatively undisturbed compared to the eastern
Amazon or the Andean Piedmont, but it is currently the focus of increasing deforestation pressure for
pasture establishment and selective logging. The recent (1996) completion of the asphalt road (BR174) linking Manaus with Boa Vista and Venezuela is already significantly increasing deforestation
along the highway. The majority of the study sites in Amazonas are near Manaus. These sites arelocated within 100 km of the city in evergreen secondary and primary forest, pastures derived fromprimary forest conversion, logged forest, agrosilvo pastoral areas, and inundated areas. Many ofthese sites are located in preexisting research areas.

7.2 Topic Category(ISO19139)
�climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere

7.3 Temporal Extent
Begin Date

2003-01-01 00:00:00

End Date

2004-12-31 23:59:59

Temporal
Characteristics

30minute

7.4 Geographic Bounding Box
Northlatitudebound -2.610000

West
longitudebound -60.210000

Eastboundlongitude-60.210000

South
latitudebound -2.610000

7.5 Grid
7.6 Geographic Description2

7.7 Keywords
7.7.1 Keywords on Dataset
Keyword Type

Keyword

Keyword
Name

theme

Climate, Water

GEOSS

thesaurus

7.7.2 Keywords on Project
7.7.2.1 Data Integration and Analysis System
Keyword Type

Keyword

KeywordName

thesaurus

theme

DIAS &amp;gt; Data Integration and Analysis System

No_Dictionary

7.8 Online Resource
�: http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/ceop/dm/insitu/sites/lba/Manaus/Km34/
�file download : https://data.diasjp.net/dl/storages/filelist/dataset:117

7.9 Data Environmental Information
7.10 Distribution Information
nameversionspecification

PRN

no information

CEOP Unified Format

8. DATA PROCESSING
8.1 Data Processing (1)8.1.1 General Explanation of the data producer's knowledge about thelineage of a dataset
SURFACE METEOROLOGY AND RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:
Station pressure is measured at the automatic weather station site, 200 m South-West of the main
tower. The instrument is a Paroscientific 1016B-01. Provisions are made against dynamic pressure
effects. Calibration is done at KNMI. Instruments are replaced after 26 month. Accuracy is 0.1 hPa.
Resolution is 0.1 hPa. Datalogging is with the KNMI XP1-SIAM Pressure.
Air Temperature Air temperature are measured at 1.5 m. Air temperature is measured with a KNMI Pt500element in an unventilated KNMI temperature hut. This hut is open in construction. Heating of thesensor, the metal filter and the open hut improves the functioning during high humidity conditions.

3

Calibration is done at KNMI. Temperature sensors are replaced each 38 month. Accuracy is 0.1 oC.
Resolution is 0.1 oC. Data logging is done with the KNMI XU2-SIAM Temperatuur/Vocht HMP243.
Dew point - (1.5 m derived)
Relative humidity is measured at 1.5 m with a Vaisala HMP243 heated relative humidity sensor witha metal filter in a separate Vaisala unventilated hut. This hut is open in construction. Heatingof the sensor, the metal filter and the open hut improves the functioning during high humidity
conditions. Calibration is done at KNMI. Dew point sensors are subject to contamination and drift ofcalibration this makes it nescessary to replace them each 8 month. Accuracy is 3.5% RH. Resolution
is 0.1oC. Data logging is done with the KNMI XU2-SIAM Temperatuur/Vocht HMP243.
Specific humidity (1.5 m derived)
Wind speed is measured at 10 m. To avoid too large flow obstruction from the mast and the mainbuilding measurements are taken at two separate masts South (B-mast) and North (C-mast) of themain building. For each 10 minute interval instruments are selected that are best exposed to theundisturbed wind. Still some flow obstruction remains due to the presence of the tower and the
supporting booms. Corrections are applied according to Wessels (1983). Corrections in the windspeed are maximal 3% and corrections in wind direction are maximal 3 degrees.
Wind speed is measured with the KNMI cup-anemometer. Cup diameter is 105 mm and the distance between
the centre of the cups to the rotation axis is 100 mm. Wind direction is measured with the KNMI
wind vane. Distance between axis and the outer side of the vane is 535 mm. The azimuth of the windvane plugs at the tip of the booms are determined with a camera relative to distant objects at
close to the horizon. The instruments are logged with the KNMI wind SIAM. Wind gusts are determinedfrom a running 3 sec mean value. Calibration of the cup anemometers is done in the wind tunnel of
KNMI. Wind vanes are balanced and the direction of the vane is tested. Sensors are replaced after
26 month. The cup anemometer contains a photo-chopper with 32 slits. The accuracy is 0.5 m/s. The
treshold velocity is 0.5 m/s. The resolution is 0.1 m/s. The response length is 2.5 m. The windvane contains a code disk. Accuracy is 3o. Resolution is 1o.
Wind direction is measured at 10 m. To avoid too large flow obstruction from the mast and themain building measurements are taken at two separate masts South (B-mast) and North (C-mast) of
the main building. For each 10 minute interval instruments are selected that are best exposed tothe undisturbed wind. Still some flow obstruction remains due to the presence of the tower andthe supporting booms. Corrections are applied according to Wessels (1983). Corrections in the windspeed are maximal 3% and corrections in wind direction are maximal 3 degrees.
Wind speed is measured with the KNMI cup-anemometer. Cup diameter is 105 mm and the distance between
the centre of the cups to the rotation axis is 100 mm. Wind direction is measured with the KNMI
wind vane. Distance between axis and the outer side of the vane is 535 mm. The azimuth of the windvane plugs at the tip of the booms are determined with a camera relative to distant objects at
close to the horizon. The instruments are logged with the KNMI wind SIAM. Wind gusts are determinedfrom a running 3 sec mean value. Calibration of the cup anemometers is done in the wind tunnel of
KNMI. Wind vanes are balanced and the direction of the vane is tested. Sensors are replaced after
26 month. The cup anemometer contains a photo-chopper with 32 slits. The accuracy is 0.5 m/s. The
treshold velocity is 0.5 m/s. The resolution is 0.1 m/s. The response length is 2.5 m. The windvane contains a code disk. Accuracy is 3o. Resolution is 1o.
U wind component (derived) (10 m)
V wind component (derived) (10 m)
Precipitation - Rain amount and duration is measured at the radation field South of the main tower.
To surpress flow obstruction the rain gauge is positioned in a circular pit of 3 m diameter, wichis surrounded by a circular slope. Rain duration is derived from the rain gauge observations. Rainis measured with the KNMI rain gauge. Calibration is done at KNMI. Instruments are replaced after
14 month. Accuracy is 0.2 mm. Resolution is 0.1 mm. Datalogging is with the KNMI XR2-SIAM Neerslag.

4

Snow depth - Not Measured
Incoming shortwave radiation - Short wave upward and downward radiation are measured at the radiation
field South of the tower at 1.5 m height. The downward looking sensor (albedo) is on a boom of 1m length. The porting structure is painted black to get a wel defined radiation condition. Since
December 2002 the instruments are ventilated and heated to avoid formation of dew, snow and rime.
The instruments are Kipp&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Zn CM11 pyranometers. Data logging is done with
the KNMI XQ1/XD0/XF0-SIAM Radiation. Calibration is done at KNMI against a reference instrument
which itself is calibrated at Davos (Switserland).
Outgoing shortwave radiation - Short wave upward and downward radiation are measured at the radiation
field South of the tower at 1.5 m height. The downward looking sensor (albedo) is on a boom of 1m length. The porting structure is painted black to get a wel defined radiation condition. Since
December 2002 the instruments are ventilated and heated to avoid formation of dew, snow and rime.
The instruments are Kipp&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Zn CM11 pyranometers. Data logging is done with
the KNMI XQ1/XD0/XF0-SIAM Radiation. Calibration is done at KNMI against a reference instrument
which itself is calibrated at Davos (Switserland).
Incoming longwave radiation - Long wave upward and downward radiation are measured at the radiation
field South of the tower at 1.5 m height. The sensors are on a boom of xx m length. The instruments
are mounted in one housing to get equal house temperatures. They are ventilated to avoid formation ofdew, snow and rime and to minimise heating of the domes through irradiation. The domes are equippedwith small thermistors. Corrections are applied for heating of the domes. The instruments are Eppley
pyrgeometers (PIR). Data logging is done with the KNMI XL0-SIAM Eppley Radiation. Calibration isdone in Davos (Switserland).
Outgoing longwave radiation - Long wave upward and downward radiation are measured at the radiation
field South of the tower at 1.5 m height. The sensors are on a boom of xx m length. The instruments
are mounted in one housing to get equal house temperatures. They are ventilated to avoid formation ofdew, snow and rime and to minimise heating of the domes through irradiation. The domes are equippedwith small thermistors. Corrections are applied for heating of the domes. The instruments are Eppley
pyrgeometers (PIR). Data logging is done with the KNMI XL0-SIAM Eppley Radiation. Calibration isdone in Davos (Switserland).
Net radiation (1.5 m; derived)
Skin temperature - Data is collected, but no information available.
Incoming Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) - Not measured.
Outgoing Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) - Not measured.
The tower for standard meteorological measurements (click for full resolution):

METEOROLOGICAL TOWER INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION: The 10, 20, 40, 80, 140, and 200 m heights
include observations of air temperature, dew point, relative humidity, specific humidity, windspeed, wind direction, U wind component, and V wind component. The 2 m height includes observationsof air temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and specific humidity.

Station pressure - Surface pressure is measured at the automatic weather station site, 200 m SouthWest of the main tower. The instrument is a Paroscientific 1016B-01. Provisions are made against
dynamic pressure effects. Calibration is done at KNMI. Instruments are replaced after 26 month.
Accuracy is 0.1 hPa. Resolution is 0.1 hPa. Datalogging is with the KNMI XP1-SIAM Pressure.
Air Temperature - Air- and dewpoint temperature are measured at seven levels, 200, 140, 80, 40,
20, 10 and 1.5 m. The highest 4 levels are measured at the South-East booms of the main tower .
The lowest three levels are measured at the B-mast, South of the main building. Air temperature is5measured with a KNMI Pt500-element in an unventilated KNMI temperature hut. Dew point temperatureis measured with a Vaisala HMP243 heated relative humidity sensor with a metal filter in a separate
Vaisala unventilated hut. This hut is open in construction. The humidity data often overestimatesduring drying episodes after dew, fog or rain, because of a wet shielding or sensor. This may resultin observed dewpoint temperatures higher than the air temperature. Heating of the sensor, the change
to metal filter and the open hut improves the functioning during high humidity conditions.
Calibration is done at KNMI. Temperature sensors are replaced each 38 month. Accuracy is 0.1 oC.
Resolution is 0.1 oC. Dew point sensors are subject to contamination and drift of calibration thismakes it nescessary to replace them each 8 month. Accuracy is 3.5% RH. Resolution is 0.1oC. Data
logging is done with the KNMI XU2-SIAM Temperatuur/Vocht HMP243.
Dew point (derived)
Relative humidity - Air- and dewpoint temperature are measured at seven levels, 200, 140, 80, 40,
20, 10 and 1.5 m. The highest 4 levels are measured at the South-East booms of the main tower .
The lowest three levels are measured at the B-mast, South of the main building. Air temperature ismeasured with a KNMI Pt500-element in an unventilated KNMI temperature hut. Dew point temperatureis measured with a Vaisala HMP243 heated relative humidity sensor with a metal filter in a separate
Vaisala unventilated hut. This hut is open in construction. The humidity data often overestimatesduring drying episodes after dew, fog or rain, because of a wet shielding or sensor. This may resultin observed dewpoint temperatures higher than the air temperature. Heating of the sensor, the change
to metal filter and the open hut improves the functioning during high humidity conditions.
Calibration is done at KNMI. Temperature sensors are replaced each 38 month. Accuracy is 0.1 oC.
Resolution is 0.1 oC. Dew point sensors are subject to contamination and drift of calibration thismakes it nescessary to replace them each 8 month. Accuracy is 3.5% RH. Resolution is 0.1oC. Data
logging is done with the KNMI XU2-SIAM Temperatuur/Vocht HMP243.
Specific humidity (derived)
Wind speed - Wind speed and wind direction is measured at six levels, 200, 140, 80, 40, 20 and 10
m. To avoid too large flow obstruction from the mast and the main building measurements are taken
on booms in three different directions. At the levels 200, 140, 80 and 40 m the wind direction ismeasured at all three booms and wind speed is measured at two booms (South-West and North). At thelevels 20 and 10 m the wind direction and wind speed are measured at two separate masts South (Bmast) and North (C-mast) of the main building. For each 10 minute interval instruments are selectedthat are best exposed to the undisturbed wind. Still some flow obstruction remains due to thepresence of the tower and the supporting booms. Corrections are applied according to Wessels (1983).
Corrections in the wind speed are maximal 3% and corrections in wind direction are maximal 3 degrees.
Wind speed is measured with the KNMI cup-anemometer. Cup diameter is 105 mm and the distance between
the centre of the cups to the rotation axis is 100 mm. Wind direction is measured with the KNMI
wind vane. Distance between axis and the outer side of the vane is 535 mm. The azimuth of the windvane plugs at the tip of the booms are determined with a camera relative to distant objects at
close to the horizon. The instruments are logged with the KNMI wind SIAM. Wind gusts are determinedfrom a running 3 sec mean value. Calibration of the cup anemometers is done in the wind tunnel of
KNMI. Wind vanes are balanced and the direction of the vane is tested. Sensors are replaced after
26 month. The cup anemometer contains a photo-chopper with 32 slits. The accuracy is 0.5 m/s. The
treshold velocity is 0.5 m/s. The resolution is 0.1 m/s. The response length is 2.5 m. The windvane contains a code disk. Accuracy is 3o. Resolution is 1o.
Wind direction - Wind speed and wind direction is measured at six levels, 200, 140, 80, 40, 20
and 10 m. To avoid too large flow obstruction from the mast and the main building measurements aretaken on booms in three different directions. At the levels 200, 140, 80 and 40 m the wind direction
is measured at all three booms and wind speed is measured at two booms (South-West and North).
At the levels 20 and 10 m the wind direction and wind speed are measured at two separate masts
South (B-mast) and North (C-mast) of the main building. For each 10 minute interval instruments

6are selected that are best exposed to the undisturbed wind. Still some flow obstruction remains
due to the presence of the tower and the supporting booms. Corrections are applied according to
Wessels (1983). Corrections in the wind speed are maximal 3% and corrections in wind direction
are maximal 3 degrees.
Wind speed is measured with the KNMI cup-anemometer. Cup diameter is 105 mm and the distance between
the centre of the cups to the rotation axis is 100 mm. Wind direction is measured with the KNMI
wind vane. Distance between axis and the outer side of the vane is 535 mm. The azimuth of the windvane plugs at the tip of the booms are determined with a camera relative to distant objects at
close to the horizon. The instruments are logged with the KNMI wind SIAM. Wind gusts are determinedfrom a running 3 sec mean value. Calibration of the cup anemometers is done in the wind tunnel of
KNMI. Wind vanes are balanced and the direction of the vane is tested. Sensors are replaced after
26 month. The cup anemometer contains a photo-chopper with 32 slits. The accuracy is 0.5 m/s. The
treshold velocity is 0.5 m/s. The resolution is 0.1 m/s. The response length is 2.5 m. The windvane contains a code disk. Accuracy is 3o. Resolution is 1o.
U wind component (derived)
V wind component (derived)
The Cabauw Tower (on right; click for full resolution):

FLUX INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION: Turbulent surface fluxes are measured at 5 m heightapproximately 200 m South of the 200 m main tower. A sonic anemometer/thermometer is used tomeasure turbulent fluctuations of the three wind components and (sonical) temperature. The sonicaltemperature is measured along the vertical transducer pair. An open path infrared fluctuation meteris used to measure turbulent fluctuations of humidity and carbondioxide. The sonic anemometer has anazimuthal opening angle of 120o for horizontal wind measurements. The open path sensor is positioned
vertically just behind the sonic probe at a distance of 0.3 m from the vertical sonical path. The
instruments are mounted on a 1 m thin vertical cylinder to avoid a too strong flow obstruction due
to the supporting mast. The vertical cylinder is supported by a rotator which is controlled by awind direction tracking system and automatically turned into the mean wind direction each 2 hours.
An inclinometer is positioned between the rotator and the supporting cylinder. The instrument are
positioned vertically within 1 degree.
The sonic anemometer is a Kaijo-Denki, probe type TR60-A, electronic unit DAT-300 or DAT-600. The
sonic path is 0.2 m. Resolution is 0.1 K. The H2O/CO2-sensor is a KNMI Infrared Fluctuation meter.
Pathlength is 0.3 m. Resolution is 0.003 g/m3 H2O and 0.15 ppm CO2.
Calibration of the sonic anemometer is done, approximately each second year, in a wind tunnel of
TNO-Apeldoorn. The temperature, humidity and co2 calibration is done at KNMI also approximately
each second year.

Sensible Heat Flux (5.37 m)
Latent Heat Flux (5.37 m)
CO2 Flux (5.37 m)
Soil Heat Flux (0, -5, -10 cm) - Soil heat flux is measured at the soil-terrain, 100 m South ofthe main tower, with six soil heat flux plates. The six plates are burried at the three verticesof an equilateral triangle with sides of 2 m at depths of 0.05 and 0.10 m.
The instruments are manufactured by TNO-Delft. Type: WS31S, principle: thermo-pile, diameter 0.11m, thickness 5 mm, sensitive surface: central square of 25*25 mm2. Calibration is done by TNO-Delft.

7Flux tower (on left; click for full resolution):

SOIL INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION: Soil measurements are performed west of the radiation
measurements.

Soil temperature (-0.04, -0.08, -0.12, -0.20, -0.30, and -0.50 m) - Soil temperatures are measured
at the soil-terrain 100 m South of the main tower. The temperature needles are burried horizontallyat depths of 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.50 m.
Instruments are manufactured at KNMI. They are Nickle wired needles with an electric resistanceof 500 Ohm and a sensitive length of 0.35 m. Calibration is done at KNMI. Datalogging is at a
Campbell Scientific CR21X datalogger.
Soil moisture (-0.20 m starting 6 December 2002). Soil water content is measured at the soilterrain, 100 m South of the main tower, with a TDR-sensor at a depth of 0.20 m.
The instruments are manufactured by Campbell Scientific. TypeCS615, principle: Time domainreflectometry, rod length = 30 cm, width between the two rods: 32 mm. Calibration is done byCampbell Scientific. Data logging is with a Campbell Scientific CR21X datalogger. Measurements aretaken 5 times in a 10 minute interval. Averages over 10 minutes are saved.

RADIOSONDE INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION: The radiosonde is of type Vaisala RS90-Loran C. The
files contain operational ascents at 10 sec. resolution. Quantities archived are: pressure (hPa),geopotential height (m), temperature (C), dew point temperature (C), relative humidity (%), windspeed (m/s) and wind direction (degrees).
Radiosondes are launched in principle two times a day (12 and 24 h UTC).

8.1.2 Data Source
Data Source Citation Name

Description of derived parameters and processing
techniques used

9. DATA REMARKS
10. DATA POLICY
10.1 Data Policy by the Data Provider
1. No financial implications are involved for the CEOP reference site data exchange.
2. Commercial use and exploitation of CEOP reference site data is prohibited.
3. Any re-export or transfer of the original data received from the CDA archive to a third party
is prohibited.
4. The origin of CEOP reference site data being used for publication of scientific results mustbe acknowledged and referenced in the publication.
5. CEOP reference site data users are strongly encouraged to establish direct contact with data
providers for complete interpretation and analysis of data for publication purposes.

86. Co-authorship of data users and CEOP reference site Principle Investigators on papers making
extensive use of CEOP data is justifiable and highly recommended.
see http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/ceop/dm/documents/ceop_policy.html

10.2 Data Policy by the Project
10.2.1 Data Integration and Analysis System
If data provider does not have data policy, DIAS Terms of Service (https://diasjp.net/en/terms/)
and DIAS Privacy Policy (https://diasjp.net/en/privacy/) apply.
If there is a conflict between DIAS Terms of Service and data provider's policy, the data provider'spolicy shall prevail.

11. LICENSE
12. DATA SOURCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
12.1 Acknowledge the Data Provider
A minimum requirement is to reference CEOP as:
The in-situ data is provided under the framework of the "Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle
Observations Project (CEOP)."for the Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle Observations Project data (2005), and as:
The satellite data is provided under the framework of the "Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period(CEOP)."
for the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period data (2001 - 2004).

12.2 Acknowledge the Project
12.2.1 Data Integration and Analysis System
If you plan to use this dataset for a conference presentation, paper, journal article, or reportetc., please include acknowledgments referred to following examples. If the data provider describes
examples of acknowledgments, include them as well.
" In this study, [Name of Dataset] provided by [Name of Data Provider] was utilized. This dataset
was also collected and provided under the Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS), which wasdeveloped and operated by a project supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology. "13. REFERENCES

9