10
CHALLENGES OF POSITIVE PARENTING FOR ESPECIALLY ABLED CHILDREN:
MANAGEMENT AND COPING
Nazir Ahmad Kotey1 and Fayaz Ahmad Kotay2
1

Head, Department of Sociology, Govt. Degree College for Women,
Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir
2
Lecturer, School Education, Jammu and Kashmir
Email: drjanmohammad037@gmail.com

How to cite this paper:
Kotey, Nazir Ahmad andKotay, Fayaz Ahmad (2021)
Challengesof
Positive
Parenting for Especially
Abled
Children:Management and Coping,
Journal of Global Resources,
Vol. 07 (02)DOI:
10.46587/JGR.2021.v07i02.010

Received: 21 March 2021
Reviewed: 10 April 2021
Revised: 11 May 2021
Final Accepted: 18 May 2021

Abstract: Contrastingly abled youngsters' methods a kid"with mental impediment, hearing weaknesses (including
deafness) discourse or language hindrance, visualdebilitation( including visual deficiency) genuine enthusiastic
aggravation, muscular hindrance, chemical imbalance,horrendous cerebrum injury, other wellbeing impedances or
explicit learning handicaps and who by reason thereof, needspecialized curriculum and related administrations" Family is
the essential unit of government managed retirement foreach person, old or youthful, male or female ,sound or wiped
out, capable bodies or incapacitate. In families having people
with an inability (physical or mental), the requirements andduties of the family unquestionably expands complex.
Before, guardians were typically encouraged to
institutionalize their intellectually hindered youngster yet it's
anything but a patricide any longer.
Keywords: Children, Retardation, Disabled, Social, Family,
Security

Freely available Online
www.isdesr.org

Journal of Global Resources, July 2021, Volume 07 (02) Nazir A. Kotey and Fayaz A. Kotay Page 102 | 6

Introduction
The term inability is for the most part used to allude a condition, which is coming about becauseof disfunction in singular bodies, and psyche subsequently influences one's typical life
exercises. Handicap is a socially, socially and hypothetically complex subject. As per the
Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation)(PWD) Act, 1995, seven classes of handicaps have been characterized.
(a) "Visual deficiency" alludes to a condition where an individual experiences any of theaccompanying conditions, in particular: (i) Total shortfall of sight; or (ii) Visual keenness notsurpassing 6/60 or 20/200 (snellen) in the better eye with adjusting focal points; or (iii)
Limitation of the field of vision subtending a point of 20 degrees or more regrettable(b) "Individual with Low Vision" signifies an individual with hindrance of visual working evenafter treatment or standard refractive revision yet who utilizes or is possibly equipped for
utilizing vision for the arranging or execution of an undertaking with fitting assistive gadgets.
According to WHO inability is an umbrella term, covering weaknesses, action
impediments and support limitations. An impedance is an issue in body capacity or design; anaction constraint is a trouble experienced by a person in executing an errand or activity; while
an investment limitation is an issue experienced by a person in contributions in life
circumstances subsequently, incapacity isn't just an issue of medical issue. It is an
unpredictable wonder, mirroring the connection between highlights of an individual's body andhighlights of the general public wherein the person lives. Joined Nations Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) says, people with inabilities incorporate theindividuals who have long haul physical, mental, scholarly or tactile hindrances, which incommunication with different obstructions may block their full and compelling support in the
public arena on an equivalent premise with others [1-3]. In succeeding conversation, thecreator has attempted to zero in on the calculated model of handicap that will help in more
profound comprehension about inability from different measurements. The short sketch ofdifferent models is:
Medical Model
The medical model interprets the disability as a bodily impairment which is dealt by the medical
professionals. This disability is considering as a fixed, permanent, or static one. The medical
model of disability only focuses the individual’s limitations.
Social Model
The social model of disability says that disability is caused by the way society is organizing,rather than by a person’s impairment or difference. Social model refers the disability as adisabling social, environmental and attitudinal barrier rather than lack of ability of the body.
Disability is not an attribute of an individual, but rather a complex collection of conditions which
may create by the social environment.
Minority Model
A major chunk of the population in our society suffers this problem which create a group known
as minority group. The minority model, in which disability is theorized partly as a form of cultural
otherness, probably fits the case of deaf people best. The capital is intended to mark deafness
as a cultural and linguistic identity. In past era, a distinct class of the population has beenreferred as a disability population. This class of the population had less power and subject tostigmatize and exclusion.
Gap Model
The dominant paradigm, the relational or gap model in which disability is theorizing as adifference between the capabilities of the individual and the demands of society, is fit for certain
Journal of Global Resources, July 2021, Volume 07 (02) Nazir A. Kotey and Fayaz A. Kotay Page 103 | 6

purposes, the most important of which is to identify areas of adaptive improvement. The gap
model’s notion that “disablement” can actually be eliminated through the simultaneous
adjustment of individual capacities and social demands is an ideological position that requires
a significant degree of mutual interest between individual and state. Disability is explained as
the gap between those capabilities and the opportunities offered by society and its institutions;disability is therefore something that can and should be addressed by the full spectrum ofpolicy tools, ranging from medical intervention, when appropriate, to anti-discrimination
measures directed at employers, academic institutions, commercial entities, etc. The gap
model does not take a position on this issue, but merely acknowledges that a proportion of the
population will at any given time have either impairments or illness that place certain restraints
on their functional capacities [4].
Ecological Model
It focuses the disability is a result of interaction of impairment, activity limitations andparticipation restriction in a particular social or any physical environment like place of work,
home, school, or any public places etc.
Magnitude of disability in India
India is the largest democracy with an estimated population of 121, 08, 54,977 as per census
of India, 2011. It has one of the highest densities of population in different religion, culture,ethnicity and belief. The geographical and culturally heterogeneous country India can be alsocharacterized due to feature of disability as largest minority group. In India, two officiallydepartments collect disability statistics i.e., NSSO (National Sample Survey Organization) andcensus of India. After independence India census 1981 has started to collect the data on
disability which comprise 0.2 percent of total population. No data was collected in the 1991
census. The year 1991 which indicates that about 1.9 percent of the total population (16.15
million population) of the country have disabilities. According to the census 2001 there were
21.9 million persons with disabilities compared with 18.5 million (1.8 million of the total
population). Census 2011 shows that 2.21 percent of the total population have disabilities.
Table-1 explains the percentage of different types of disabilities as a whole with the rural andurban settings also. Census 2011 shows that the prevalence of disability is higher in rural areas
in comparison to urban areas [5][6]. All types of disabilities and their percentages is mentioned
in table-1& 2.
Parental Acceptance, Management and Coping
Exploration demonstrates that family response to the introduction of an incapacitatedyoungster changes as indicated by the kind of handicap and the kid's analytic class. The
distinctions are most likely an aberrant result of expected or genuine responses by thoseencompassing the handicapped kid and the family, notwithstanding parental responses.
Numerous scientists have as of late referenced the positive adapting and working of numerous
families with formatively crippled kids. In the past there was an inclination to stress issues ofsickness and pressing factors, spousal strain and maladjustment inside the family, while as of
now they are supplanted with questions concerning positive change, fulfilment,
acknowledgment, and spousal congruity. Instead of seeing the family as a powerless casualty,
it is seen as a unit that adjusts by an interaction of organizing. Experts should recognize thesignificance of the family, this change towards an uplifting mentality towards incapacity andthat the controls choices concerning the incapacitated youngster and the family. Guardians
are the focal and most significant connection in the consideration, training, and managementof people with handicap.

Journal of Global Resources, July 2021, Volume 07 (02) Nazir A. Kotey and Fayaz A. Kotay Page 104 | 6

Table 01: Percentage of disabled persons by types of disability in rural and urban India
Population

Total

Rural

Urban

percent of total population

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

FemaleTotal Disability

2.21

2.40

2.01

2.24

2.43

2.03

2.17

2.34

1.98

Seeing

18.77

17.61

20.25

18.80

17.50

20.45

18.71

17.86

19.78

Hearing

18.92

17.87

20.25

18.21

17.14

19.56

20.53

19.53

21.80

Speech

7.45

7.49

7.40

7.00

7.06

6.92

8.49

8.48

8.52

Movement

20.28

22.49

17.47

21.66

24.05

18.63

17.13

18.94

14.83

Mental Retardation

5.62

5.81

5.37

5.50

5.68

5.28

5.87

6.10

5.58

Mental Illness

2.70

2.77

2.60

2.66

2.72

2.58

2.78

2.89

2.63

Any Other

18.38

18.20

128.60

17.67

17.56

17.81

19.98

19.66

20.39

Multiple

7.89

7.76

8.07

8.50

8.29

8.77

6.51

6.54

6.46

Source: Census of India 2011

Table 02: Number of Disabled Children Identified with Special ref. to J&K
#

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Districts

KupwaraBaramulla
Leh
BudgamAnantnagPulwama
SrinagarKargilUdampur
Doda
PoonchRajouri
Jammu
KathuaJammu and Kashmir

Mentally
Retarded
Boys
314
866
31
174
722
437
118
44
296
266
42
126
205
65
3706

Visually
Impaired
Girls
Boys
221
607
721
883
103
143
137
132
226
544
546
667
30
12
31
85
162
473
222
294
18
102
87
186
150
202
50
87
2704
4417

Hearing
Impaired
Girls
Boys
419
396
606
799
128
122
102
169
351
395
475
412
17
30
77
108
282
327
165
230
50
72
145
141
134
94
55
50
3078
3345

Ortho
Girls
329
562
100
141
314
307
25
63
237
169
55
126
90
40
2559

Boys
662
1425
270
473
689
1052
30
104
779
270
28
307
48
128
6265

Multiple
Disability
Girls
Boys
492
285
1006
0
225
0
363
70
505
518
783
829
21
22
78
187
434
414
217
479
19
216
227
111
43
250
71
160
4484
3541

All Disabled Children
Girls
252
0
0
55
392
751
33
233
242
265
94
82
178
128
2706

Boys
2264
3973
647
1018
2580
3683
123
528
2255
1568
460
871
799
490
21259

Journal of Global Resources, July 2021, Volume 07 (02) Nazir A. Kotey and Fayaz A. Kotay Page 105 | 6

Girls
1714
2895
554
796
1788
2862
126
482
1357
1038
237
667
595
344
15455

Total
3978
6868
1201
1814
4368
6545
249
1010
3612
2606
697
1538
1394
834
36714

Earlier examination has would in general inspect the adapting of useless families, whilefamilies adapting effectively to emergencies were not adequately researched. As of late there
has been a progressive change in the expert view of groups of formatively debilitatedindividuals. The solid idea of families adapting to bringing up a formatively incapacitated kid as
unavoidably situated in a circumstance of emergency, stress and pathology has advanced
towards multi-dimensional acknowledgment of many changed habits of adapting. This idea
recognizes the need to explore and comprehend the reasons for such fluctuated adapting
designs. Where once the emphasis was distinctly on the impaired youngsters, the most recent
twenty years have seen an expanded interest in the whole family. In the United States thischange is additionally communicated by enactment recognizing the part of families as the main
lead for the turn of events and administration of impaired youngsters.
Furthermore, longitudinal exploration following parental responses from the second acrippled kid is conceived and analysing their adapting in different marks of time all through life
is obviously missing. It is as of now acknowledged that adapting designs change over thediverse life phases of the formatively debilitated and their families. Assessment of upsetting
circumstances at different life stages found that formatively debilitated youths structure themost troublesome time of pressure. Guardians' maturing and their drawn out non-standardizing
parental job prompts the improvement of new issues requiring consideration. Logicaldiscoveries here are not viable. A few specialists demonstrate decreasing help and expanding
pressure, while different investigations show a chance for mental development and testing
adapting measures. The inconsistency underscores the significance of following these families
for the duration of their life expectancy and distinguishing defining moments requiring
mediation. We can't deny the reality, that there is no tried method to assist guardians withdodging the stun and agony that go with openness of their youngster's impairment, yet theworry guardians need to face such difficulties with part of certainty and self-discipline without
hearting the personality of the debilitated kid. Similarly encouraging group of people whether
formal or casual has an extremely huge part in adapting such issues.
Ways of Parenting a Child with disability
As all we realize that "arriving at a position of expectation idealism requires some investment''.
It is a slow cycle that happens when we start to comprehend the inability and the worry
youngster. We ought to comprehend that God has given us the endowment of a kid andnurturing is a stunning excursion. Zero in on being the best parent you can be. Love your kid.
Your kid with incapacity is as yet unchanged great and remarkable blessing from God. Figureout how to value the things that fulfil your youngster. Search for your Child's qualities anddevelop them. Decide life time objectives for your youngster with a handicap. Set aside a few
minutes for the entire family to partake in being together. Encompass yourself with individuals
who get you and your youngster. Instruct your kid with respect to his instructive rights,
protection, plans and other government plans in regards to their incapacity issues. Additionally,
there are some presumed NGO too who give, directing and backing to such children. Take
advices from specialists, clinicians, sociologists every now and then in regards to available
resources of appropriate socialization of such kids.
Incapacity has been disregarded from the days of yore. Prior it involved isolation yet
now it is accounted for wildly. In this paper the creators have attempted to show the thickness
and greatness of the inability in factual structure. The statistical some portions of our
examination have covers every one of the significant sorts of incapacities including number ofmales, female alongside the provincial and metropolitan differentiation of India. In the conditionof specialty of this section, one of the parts manage the model of incapacity. It very well may
Journal of Global Resources, July 2021, Volume 07 (02) Nazir A. Kotey and Fayaz A. Kotay Page 106 | 6

be contended that none of the models can clarify incapacity in a comprehensive manner. Social
model neglects to recognize biophysical causation and minority and hole model have variouslines of translation. Hole model is by all accounts an idealistic kind when it accepts the contrast
among capacity and assumption and clinical model can't be found a way into a logical model.
So, one ought to be mindful so as to utilize the model as an edge of understanding. It is on the
grounds that model identified with incapacity is just an optics having diverse interpretative
purposes and application subsequently, handicap as a subject and an item is a sort ofepistemological articles. The epistemological situation of the term incapacity is ought to berethought. It is on the grounds that at the hour of dissecting the situation of incapacity fromminiature and large-scale level, there is need to re-conceptualize handicap regarding wiped
out Kumar et al. Diary of Disability Studies J. Handicap Stud., 2015 ought to be viewed as
average folks. In India, the issue of inability has been overlooked from the days of yore. Prior
it involved isolation yet now it is accounted for wildly. In this paper the creators have attempted
to show the thickness and greatness of the incapacity in measurable structure. The statisticala piece of our investigation have covers every one of the significant kinds of inabilities including
number of males, female alongside the rustic and metropolitan differentiation of India. In thecondition of craft of this section, one of the parts manage the model of incapacity. It tends tobe contended that none of the models can clarify handicap in a comprehensive manner. Social
model neglects to recognize biophysical causation and minority and hole model have variouslines of translation. Hole model is by all accounts an idealistic kind when it accepts the contrast
among capacity and assumption and clinical model can't be found a way into an illustrativemodel. So, one ought to be mindful so as to utilize the model as a casing of translation. It is on
the grounds that model identified with inability is just an optics having distinctive interpretative
purposes and application thus, incapacity as a subject and an article is a sort of epistemologicalitems. The epistemological situation of the term handicap is ought to be rethought. It is on the
grounds that at the hour of dissecting the situation of inability from miniature and full-scalelevel, there is need to re-conceptualize incapacity concerning debilitated [7].
Conclusion
To finish up let we all approach with a positive outlook and deal with the debilitated ones liketypical individuals. Allow us to emerge from customary social framework and think with apositive system to determine the issues and difficulties looked by our incapacitated populace
and the worry families. We all need to function as friendly activists/social laborers and attempt
our level best to share our hands in settling the issues and issues of regular masses, and thecrippled populace.
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5. S. Barik. Disabled in India. ND: Adhyana Publishers & Distributors, 2009.
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Journal of Global Resources, July 2021, Volume 07 (02) Nazir A. Kotey and Fayaz A. Kotay Page 107 | 6