Summary of Terminal Evaluation
I. Outline of the ProjectCountry：Kingdom of Cambodia

Project title：Project for Traffic Improvement in PhnomPenh Municipality in the Kingdom of Cambodia
Issue/Sector：Transportation and Traffic
Cooperation scheme：Technical Cooperation Project
Division in charge ： Transportation & ICT Total cost：398 Million JPY
Division 2, Transportation and ICT Group,
Economic Infrastructure Department
March 2007 to March 2010
Partner Country’s Implementing Organization ：PeriodofMunicipality of Phnom Penh, Ministry of Public
Cooperation
Works and Transport
Supporting Organization in Japan：Mets Research &Planning Inc.,
1. Background of the Project
JICA conducted the study for "The Urban Transport Master Plan in the Phnom Penh Metropolitan Area"(2000-2001), to solve the transport problems and to maintain the sustainable urban development in thecity.
However, the traffic conditions in Phnom Penh have been worsening in recent years due to the rapid
increase of vehicles caused by the concentration of population in the city. The traffic congestion andtraffic accidents, especially those involving motorcycles, have been one of the most serious social issues
in Phnom Penh.
The causes of these traffic congestion and traffic accidents were represented as follows:(1)
The installation of traffic control facilities such as traffic signals and signs was still at a lowlevel.
(2)
The traffic safety education to the drivers and pedestrians was not in place.
(3)
Driver’s license was not required to operate a motorcycle with capacity of less than 125 cc onroads under the old traffic law.
(4)
There were no regulations governing motorcycle taxi operations.
Municipality of Phnom Penh requested the Japanese Government to support the implementation of theProject in order to tackle these city traffic problems.
2. Project Overview（１） Overall Goal
To improve urban traffic condition by reducing traffic congestion and accidents through theimplementation of appropriate traffic management in Phnom Penh Municipality.
（２） Project Purpose
1) To improve the capacity of DPWT, MPP to improve intersections
2) To improve the capacity of DLT, MPWT to educate drivers
3) To improve the capacity of PPMP, MPP to enforce traffic law（３）Outputs
1) To Improve technology of traffic management (improvement of intersections etc.) by DPWT
counterpart and officers in Phnom Penh Municipality [Engineering]2) To improve knowledge and techniques of the counterpart and officers of DLT, MPWT in drivers
education to enhance traffic safety awareness of license holders in Phnom Penh Municipality and tocontribute to improvement of safety through traffic safety campaign [Education]3) To improve the knowledge and techniques of the counterpart and other police officers in traffic
enforcement by internal education to Municipal Traffic Police Officers [Enforcement]（４）Inputs
Japanese side：
Expert: 5 fields of experts
Trainees received: 3 trainees
Equipment: 10,283,300 Yen (as of Nov 2009)vii

Local cost: 264,145 USD (for intersections improvement)
Total Cost

398 Million Yen

Cambodian Side：Counterpart: 16 officials
Local Cost: Provision of facilities and equipments,and budget allocation for intersections improvement
II. Evaluation Team
Members of (1) Mr. Hozumi KATSUTA (Leader): Senior Project Formulation Advisor, JICA
Evaluation
VIETNAMTeam(2) Mr. Hideki ITO (Project Planning): Assistant Director, Transportation & ICT Division2, Transportation and ICT Group, Economic Infrastructure Department, JICA
(3) Mr. Rui HIWATASHI (Evaluation and Analysis): Researcher, IMG Inc.
Periodof 9/ 11/ 2009~ 21/ 10/ 2009
Type of Evaluation：TerminalEvaluation
III. Results of Evaluation
1. Summary of Evaluation Results（１）Relevance
The Project is highly relevant because: 1) the Project is consistent with Cambodian government’s policy
and institution (especially consistent with National Road Safety Action Plan developed by ADB
assistance in 2005 as the traffic safety policy in Cambodia); 2) the Project addresses a major problem ofPhnom Penh city (traffic accidents are the most serious urban issues in Phnom Penh); and 3) the Project isconsistent with the Japanese aid policy.
（２）EffectivenessThe effectiveness of the Project is satisfactory. The Project will mostly achieve the Project purpose andOutputs indicated in the PDM by the end of the Project.
A satisfactory level of development of the capacities of counterpart organizations has been achieved,
although continuous efforts to improve the capacities are required.
The new Road Traffic Law was enacted during the Project, which has strongly promoted the smooth
implementation of the Project. There was a delay in the implementation of Toul Kork intersection
improvement due to the MPP’s administrative decision.
（３）EfficiencyThe Project has been implemented in an efficient way. The implementation of the new land traffic law
contributed to the efficiency of the Project.
The inputs including the provision of equipment and dispatch of Japanese experts have been implemented
as planned. The approach of the “Enforcement” component for Phnom Penh Municipal Police waschanged from the classroom training for general police officers to the concentrated training of selectedsenior traffic police officers, which contributed to the increase of efficiency. The establishment ofworking groups has contributed to fostering effective exchange of views and information which lead toactions to solve issues. Almost all the officials involved in the Project understood the necessity and felt
the effectiveness of the collaboration.
（４）Impact
Although the Project has achieved and will continue producing a large impact, Phnom Penh Municipality
requires more decisive and wider actions in order to overcome the challenges of the ever-changing traffic
situation.
Phnom Penh faces serious traffic problems that cannot be addressed only by the measures that the Project
has targeted. Decisive measures would be necessary in the near future to tackle the problems that cannot
be covered by the small-scale traffic management.
（５）Sustainability
The sustainability of the Project is expected to be ensured, but there are several issues to be addressed inorder to continue the smooth implementation of traffic management.
1) Policy and Institutional Sustainability
・The new land traffic law has played and will continue to play a significant role as an institutionalviii

framework that sustains the overall traffic management activities.
・ The working group regarding intersection/road improvement will contribute to enhancing thesustainability of the Project achievement.
・DDLTS is a good example of organizational arrangement that sustains the continuation of improved
implementation of license issuing and driver education that are delegated from DLT.
2) Technical Sustainability
・ DPWT has developed a certain level of the capacity of planning and conducting intersection
improvement. However, DPWT would need more trials and errors as well as occasional advice fromexperts in order to acquire higher capacity to perform more complex analysis in interchange/road
improvement.
・The senior traffic police officers of PPMP trained by the Project are expected to play a key role incontinuing the necessary traffic enforcement in a sustainable manner. The monitoring of theimplementation of supervision and training by senior officers as well as occasional advice from experts
would be desired.
3) Financial Sustainability
・Considering all the major activities that the Project has supported are now being performed as regularduties, the regular budget should be allocated based on priorities of the counterpart organizations.
2. Factors that promoted realization of effects（１）Factors concerning to Planning
・Project design which focused on three components among many challenges on the transport sector inPhnom Penh has made it easier to acknowledge the progress and outcome of the project and also made CP
personnel to understand the project outline and to involve in the Project activities.
（２）Factors concerning to the Implementation Process・Through the revision of Road Traffic Law , traffic management activities which is one of the componentof the Project has been included as normal duties, and this contributed
to the smooth implementationof the project activities.
3. Factors that impeded realization of effects（１）Factors concerning to Planning
・Although focusing on three component contributed to efficient implementation of the project, on theother hands, other challenge is still remaining for improvement of transportation system in Phnom Penh,therefore, in order to enhance project outcome or impact to transport system in Phnom Penh, CP isrequired to continue effort to tackle other issues.
（２）Factors concerning to the Implementation Process
・Priority among CP and JICA Project team sometimes conflicted since CP has other urgent issues thanproject activities, but through the smooth coordination and support by the project team, project activities
has been proceeded as planned.
4．Conclusion
The Project will mostly attain the Project Purpose by its completion date of March 2010. The Project
should be terminated as scheduled since it is successful and a sufficient level of sustainability will beensured, on condition that the counterpart organizations continue the activities initiated by the Project andreview them periodically.
5．Recommendations(1)
Objectives to be implemented within the remaining Project period
1) Finishing the ongoing intersection improvements through self-help mechanisms;
2) Formulating a plan for the re-training of drivers upon license renewal; and3) Formulating a roadmap for human resource development in PPMP and initiating activities based
thereon.

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(2)
1)

2)

Objectives to be implemented Post-Project
Enhancing coordination capacity: With traffic issues becoming increasingly complex andwide-spread, the expansion of integrated actions will become critical to any future efforts.
The continued organizing of venues for the purpose of improving coordination between
relevant organizations would ensure a consistent level of dialogue and maintain a high levelof cooperation; and .
Increasing planning capacity: In order to ensure the sustainability of capacity improvements
realized through the Project, counterpart organizations and officials must also build theirplanning capacity.

6. Lessons Learned
1) In order to avoid delays in project implementation or other such problems due to discrepancies
between counterpart organization priorities and the constraints of the JICA project, advancecoordination with JICA is often necessary.
2) The assistance should be provided in correlation with changes in the relevant legal institutions.

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