Master Plan
- Research and Development
for Creating the Future of Railways -ＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨ 2025
(2020–2024)

December 2019
Railway Technical Research InstituteMaster Plan
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Basic Policies
3. Business activities
3.1 Public interest activities
3.1.1
Research and development
3.1.2
Survey3.1.3
Technical standards
3.1.4
Information services
3.1.5
Publication and seminar
3.1.6
Diagnostics advisory
3.1.7
International standards
3.1.8
Qualification
3.1.9
Railway Technology Promotion Center
3.1.10Railway International Standards Center
3.1.11
International activities
3.2 For-profit projects
4. Management
4.1 Management concepts
4.2 Compliance
4.3 Information management
4.4 Human resources
4.4.1
Recruitment
4.4.2
Developing human resources
4.4.3
Creating a motivating workplace
4.5 Personnel
4.6 Revenue and expenditure
4.6.1
Revenue
4.6.2
Expenditure
5. Conclusion
Reference: RTRI's vision

1. Introduction
In light of global environmental issues, increasing societal burdens due to the aging
population, and the increasing complexity of social issues that need to be resolved such as
regional economic inequality, the United Nations adopted a series of targets entitled the"Sustainable Development Goals" (SDGs). The Japanese government is advocating theconstruction of a "Society 5.0", which outlines a vision of society in the future that Japan
should aspire to. As such, initiatives and programs have been launched or are planned,
aimed at building a sustainable society, which is capable of overcoming the various
challenges that lie ahead by using cutting-edge technology, enabling everyone to enjoy thebenefits of prosperity. In the field of technology, rapid advances in computing and high-speed,
high-capacity communications are driving innovation toward a digital society on a global
scale, through the adoption of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), bigdata analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI).
In terms of Japan's railways, while transport volumes are steadily increasing due to factors
such as the gradual recovery of the Japanese economy and a growth in inbound demand, there
are concerns that the number of railway users will decrease in the long term because of thecountry’s decreasing overall population and working-age population, which are the result ofan aging society with a low birth rate and also the consequence of new working practices thathave emerged through workstyle reforms. Moreover, there is an urgent need to address a
growing number of issues: increasingly frequent and severe natural disasters such as heavy
rain, strong winds, and earthquakes, an aging railway infrastructure, and labor shortages in
the railway sector. The response to these issues must go beyond the framework of
conventional approaches. Railways are also playing an increasingly important role in thecreation of new services to build a seamless intermodal transportation network.
Digital technology is being increasingly used in the railways, to change systems and as asolution to various problems. As such, it is essential to form partnerships with relevantorganizations and share information to solve increasingly complex technical problems.
RTRI has therefore developed a master plan for the fiscal year 2020 and beyond, as aroadmap guiding the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) towards the realization ofits vision: "We will develop innovative technologies to enhance the rail mode so that railway
can contribute to the creation of a happier society." In addition to anticipating thedevelopment of railway technologies over the next 10 to 15 years, this master plan also aims
to anticipate changes in the business environment and fundamental technologicaldevelopments in the railway business in order to avoid squandering the opportunity of sharing
the results of its research and development (R&D) with society. The master plan therefore
covers a 5-year period up to 2024.

12. Basic Policies
In light of the changes in society and technology and advances in R&D, along with efforts
to further improve the safety of railways with a particular emphasis on improving theresilience of the railways against frequent and increasingly severe natural disasters, RTRI is
actively encouraging the adoption of digital technologies in all fields of R&D, with a view tostimulating innovation with regard to railway systems. In addition to obtaining high-quality
R&D results that demonstrate the competence and expertise of our Institute, we are increasing
the visibility of Japanese railway technologies on the international stage, in order to drive thedevelopment of railways on a global scale.
In order to realize these objectives, future undertakings will be based on the following
fundamental guidelines:(1) Enhancing safety with an emphasis on improving resilience to natural disasters
R&D that contributes to safer and more reliable railway transportation is essential, and weare placing particular emphasis on R&D that contributes to increasing the resilience ofrailways to frequent and increasingly severe natural disasters such as heavy rain, strong winds,
and large earthquakes. In addition, we are also actively conducting R&D for preventing the
failure and aging of ground and vehicular equipment.
We will also actively conduct impartial activities as a third-party organization such as
conducting surveys of the damage and causes of disasters and accidents and proposing
methods for recovery and measures to prevent recurrence.
(2) Developing innovative railway systems based on digital technologies
While advocating the adoption for railways of digital technologies such as IoT, big data
analytics, and AI, which combine high-speed information processing with high-speed, highcapacity networks such as 5G, we will also place emphasis on R&D for labor-saving
technologies, such as the autonomous train operation and digital maintenance, in order to
respond to labor-shortages in the railway sector. In addition, we will promote R&D that
contributes to increasing the speed of high-speed trains while protecting the tracksideenvironment and finding ways to help the railways save more energy. In addition, we will
promote initiatives that contribute to the creation of new customer services such as mobility
as a service (MaaS) and innovation in railway systems.
(3) Creating high-quality results by taking advantage of our collective strength
We will promote research and development for the future of the railways, the developmentof practical technologies that can yield immediate benefits for railway businesses, and basic
research for understanding railway-specific phenomena. In addition, we will promote the2advancement of simulation technology and the development of original testing and researchfacilities. We also aim to further increase trust in RTRI by continuing to acquire know-how
relating to railway technologies and the development of human resources, using
interdisciplinary and cross-cutting approaches for resolving various issues in the railways,
and realizing high-quality results and disseminating them both in Japan and internationally.
(4) Enhancing international presence of the Japanese railway technologies
Through partnerships with foreign railway operators and research institutions andstrengthening information sharing, we aim to increase the international presence of Japanese
railway technologies. In addition, as a base for international standardization activities tosupport overseas development, we will perform strategic and planned activities that
demonstrate leadership.
(5) Creating a motivating workplace where staff can demonstrate their abilities
Based on the recognition that each individual staff member is a valuable human resource,
we will train researchers that are able to respond to the needs of railway operators, hold aglobal perspective, and can creatively drive R&D. In addition to initiatives for workplace
health and safety, mental health, and ensuring a proper work-life-balance, we will work tofoster an open workplace environment where free and energetic discussions can be held, tocreate a positive and fulfilling workplace atmosphere.

33. Business activities
RTRI’s business activities which serve the public interest fall into eight areas: R&D,
surveys, technical standards, information services, publishing and seminars, diagnostic
advisory, international standards, and qualification. In addition, we will strategically andsystematically promote the activities of the Railway Technology Promotion Center and
Railway International Standards Center operated in partnership with other parties involved
in railway technology, as well as activities to increase the international presence of Japanese
railway technology. At the same time, we will actively advance the commercialization of
the results of R&D and promote for-profit projects, necessary for their widespread
adoption.

3.1 Public interest activities
3.1.1 Research and development(1) Advancing R&D
1. Enhancing safety with an emphasis on improving resilience to natural disasters
With an emphasis on R&D that contributes to improving safety, particularly as a response
to intensifying natural disasters, we are actively using high-accuracy meteorological andseismic information obtained from state-of-the-art observation networks belonging to public
institutions along with simulation technology to evaluate disaster risk in real time, thereby
re-enforcing the contribution of R&D to safe and prompt train operation control and earlyrecovery.
2. Developing innovative railway systems based on digital technologies
In addition to accumulating fundamental knowledge and know-how relating to advanced
information processing and high-speed communication networks, RTRI seconds staff to
specialized research institutions either on a short or long-term basis, to fully realize potential
synergies in cutting-edge digital technologies for promoting R&D. We also actively employ
external expertise in the field of AI.
3. Creating high-quality results by taking advantage of our collective strength
In addition to actively addressing basic research linked to solving various problems thatare specific to the railways and as a source of innovative technology, we will drive highimpact, challenging R&D, implementing original ideas which could have potentially highimpact on railway operations, as well as promote the bolstering of resources required forpractical technological developments that are in high demand in the railways. In addition tostrengthening initiatives such as joint research among universities in Japan and overseas,
research institutes, and relevant companies, we aim to find new solutions to different railway
technology issues through more cross-cutting projects. In addition, new large-scale testing4

facilities will be used effectively to produce high-quality results. Furthermore, a creative new
test facility that is directly linked to R&D will be established.
(2) R&D Objectives and pillars
RTRI has set four R&D Objectives, namely, “safety improvements” including resilienceagainst severe natural disasters, “cost reduction” including labor-saving measures formaintenance, “harmony with the environment”, including carbon reduction in power supply
networks, and “improved convenience’ including higher running speeds.
RTRI has also defined a series of “Pillars of R&D” which are fundamental to ensure
efficient use of resources and to drive R&D, and are referred to as "R&D for the future ofrailways", "development of practical technologies", and "basic research for railway" (Figure
3-1).

Pillars of R&D

Development ofpractical technologies

Research and development
for the future of railways

Basic research forrailways

Safety improvements
R&D
Objectives

Cost reduction

Harmony with the environment
Improved convenience

Figure 3-1. R&D objectives and pillars

5(3) Research and development for the future of railways
Working with a lead time before practical application of 10 to 15 years, RTRI is alreadyfocusing on issues that address the changing needs of railway operators and emerging social
trends, making use of the fields in which RTRI has high R&D capability and specialist
facilities, as well as demonstrating the collective strength of RTRI.
The following six major research themes have been specifically defined (Figure 3-2):〇 Enhancing the resiliency of railway systems against severe meteorological disaster〇 Autonomous train operation and control〇 Improving labor efficiency using digital technology〇 Low-carbonization of electric railway systems through cooperative control of thepower network〇 Increasing Shinkansen train running speeds in harmony with the tracksideenvironment〇 Sophistication of simulation technology

Safety improvements
Enhancing the resiliency ofrailway systems against
severe meteorologicaldisasterHarmony with theenvironment
Low-carbonization ofelectric railway systems
through cooperative
control of the power
network

Autonomous train
operation and control
Cost reduction

Sophistication ofsimulation technology

Improving labor efficiency
using digital technologies

Increasing Shinkansen
train running speeds inharmony with the
trackside environment
Improved convenience

Figure 3-2 Research and development for the future of railways

6

○ Enhancing the resilience of railway systems against severe meteorologicaldisasters
RTRI will aim to design measures to reduce the downtime in railway systems in the caseof heavy rain and strong wind, by optimizing decisions to suspend and resume operations,based on results of meteorological disaster risk assessments using high-density and realtime meteorological data. We will also establish methods to ensure rapid and targeted
repairs considering the residual strength of slopes and embankments which suffer damage
from heavy rain (Figure 3-3).
Method to assist decisions tosuspend operations in orderto prevent accidents insevere weather
Method to assist decisions toresume operations

Technologies accelerate postdisruption recovery ofoperations after heavy rainfall

Topic

2020

2021

2022

Enhancement ofmethods to assist
decisions to suspend
operation in order toprevent the accident insevere weather

Method for selecting representative sites forstability assessments in case of heavy rain

Enhancement ofmethods to assist
decisions to resume
operations

Method for assessing slope-stability
recovery progress after heavy rain

Development oftechnology to allow
prompt restoration
work following damage
caused by heavy rain

Real-time strong wind hazard map

Method for deciding when to resume
operations after strong winds

Methods for assessing facility restoration

2023

2024

Method for assisting
decisions to suspend
operations in case of heavy
rain and strong winds

Expected result
Real-time hazard map incase of heavy rain orstrong winds
Method to assist
decisions to suspend
operations

Method for deciding whento resume operations
following heavy rain andhigh winds

Method to assist
decisions to resume
operations

Temporary safeguarding
measures according to scale ofembankment or slope collapse

Method for assessing
damaged embankments
for restoration
Manual of proactive andreactive measures

Figure 3-3. Overview of "Enhancing the resilience of railway systems against
severe meteorological disasters"

7

○ Autonomous train operation and control
Autonomous train operation depends on a number of control systems including speed
control, monitoring of track status and the surrounding area and ground equipment control,
such as level crossings. RTRI is therefore developing methods to assist operational
decisions, based on trackside information and data obtained from ground equipment
controls, and from rolling stock using wireless vehicle-mounted positioning sensors, as well
as satellite positioning devices and sensors to detect obstacles on the tracks or in thesurrounding area. In addition, operation control methods are also being developed toprevent delays, ensure rapid post-disruption recovery, and save energy in urban areas(Figure 3-4).
Operating information for
the entire line

Disasterprevention andmaintenanceinformation

Information on passenger
numbers and situation in
nearby stations

Autonomous route control andspeed profile generator

Location information ofneighboring trains
Secured communication
technology

Detection of obstacles on and alongside thetrack
Operating decision algorithm integrating
trackside and vehicle status information

Safety information

Autonomous train operation control algorithms
based on wireless ground equipment control

Ground equipment
control

Operating control across the entire line tominimize delay propagation, ensure rapid postdisruption recovery, energy-saving driving, etc.

＋

Topic
Development of
track and trackside
obstacle detection
methods
Creation ofoperating decisionalgorithms

2020

2021

2022

Technology for the detection of obstacles on andalongside the track

2023

2024

On-track anomaly detection
systemExpected result
Method to detectobstacles on the
track ahead
Operating decision
methods

Operating risk assessment methods

Operating decision algorithms

Development ofautonomous
operation decisionalgorithms

Autonomous ground installation control methods

Autonomous
train
operation
controlsystemAutonomous
operating control
methods

Autonomous operation control
algorithms
Real-time inter-train communication technology

Development ofoperating control
methods for theentire line section

Methods for multidimensional evaluation of train
operation
Operation management algorithms for autonomous train
operation

Methods forcontrolling
operations along
entire line sections

Figure 3-4. An overview of "Autonomous train operation and control"8Amount of wear

○ Improving labor efficiency using digital technologies
A platform will be built to integrate the analysis of data collected from various sources
which can be input to a digital maintenance system that detects abnormalities and predicts
changes in the condition of tracks and structures based on the data obtained from sensors.
The system will be able to determine when and what appropriate repair or maintenancework is required. The integrated data analysis platform will also be used to develop
automatic diagnostic technologies for track and structures, using on-board sensing devices
including on-board sensors for the overhead contact line system. In addition, technologies
will be developed for the timely detection of abnormalities, such as high-resistance ground
faults, by monitoring power supply networks (Figure 3-5).
Re-estimate

Data platform for
digital maintenance

Remotediagnostics

Estimate
Actual measurement
Time

Network
Tracks and structures: Early
detection of abnormality using
on-board measurement data

Monitoring technologies on
contact line and power supply

Contact line and power supply:
prompt detection of abnormality
via on-board and stationary
monitoring
Early detection system for track
and structure abnormalities

Switches: CBM using intelligent
switches

Data platform: common data
platform shared among various
fields; creation of big data
analytics technology

Topic
Development of
track and structure
condition-monitoring
technology

Fabrication oftechnology formonitor powerequipment status

2020

Intelligent switches(Multi-point synchronouscontrol fully elastic switches)

2021

2022

2023

2024

Method for the early detection of track andstructure abnormalities

Expected result
Early track andstructures
abnormalitydetection system

Early detection system for track andstructure abnormalities

Technology to detect and mitigate a damage
in power collection system
Technology for monitoring train line equipment
and condition of power equipment

5

Technology formonitoring powerequipment condition

Digital data
platforms

Method for early detection of abnormalities
using power network monitoring

Development of lowmaintenanceswitches

Developing
technology for the
sharing and use ofdigital data

Basic specifications for intelligent switches

Basic technology for data analysis andevaluation

Basic configuration of
intelligent switches

Multi-point
synchronous-control
fully elastic switches

Data platform for
digital maintenanceConstruction of data servers and data collection

Figure 3-5. An overview of "Improving labor efficiency using digital technologies"9

○ Low-carbonization of electric railway systems through cooperative control of thepower network
To achieve low-carbonization of railway systems through active use of renewable energy
connected to the external power system, we will develop new control methods to harmonize
operation of energy storage systems with status of the external power system. Furthermore,in order to achieve further energy-saving of railway systems through more effective use ofregenerative power, we will develop real-time cooperative control methods for energysaving devices, such as energy storage systems and controlled rectifiers, as well as
developing a method for energy-saving driving operation depending on train operating
status (Figure 3-6).

Control method to harmonize
operation of power storage
systems with status of theexternal power system

Renewable energy
Regenerative power

Methods for real-time energy
coordination control
Method for generating energysaving train operation
Control Center

External
外部系統
systems
Information network

Electric power
network
電力ネットワーク
Substation group

Power-storage equipment group

Power-storage equipment group

Power-storage equipment group
Train group

Train group

Topic
Effective use of renewableenergyEfficient use ofregenerative power

Development of dynamic
energy-saving driving
operation method

Substation group

Substation group

Train group

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Expected result

Control method toharmonize operation of
power storage systems
with status of theexternal power system

Control method toharmonize operation of
power storage systems
with status of the external
power system

Real-time cooperative control method
for energy-saving devices

Real-time cooperative
control method for energysaving devices

Control method for energy storage
systems

Derivation method of energy-saving
train schedule considering usefulness
for passengers

Method for generatingenergy-saving train
operation

Dynamic energy-saving
driving operation method

Figure 3-6. Overview of "Low-carbonization of electric railway systems throughcooperative control of the power network"10○ Increasing Shinkansen train running speeds in harmony with the tracksideenvironment
We will develop technologies for reducing aerodynamic bogie noise and tunnel micropressure waves by using a newly installed low-noise moving model facility. We will also
develop a pantograph with high current collection performance and low-noisecharacteristics for high-speed trains by using RTRI’s new high-speed pantograph test
facility. Furthermore, we will develop a technology for reducing snow accretion on bogies
by controlling the airflow around bogies during high-speed train operation (Figure 3-7).

Countermeasures against
aerodynamic bogie noise andpressure fluctuations
Development of pantographswith high current-collection
performance and low-noisecharacteristics
Structure for reducing snow
accretion on bogies

Proposal of low-cost
countermeasures against
micro-pressure waves forhigher speed trains

Topic
Development ofcountermeasuresagainst aerodynamic
bogie noise andpressure fluctuations

Development of
measures for reducing
pantograph noise

Development of
measures for reducing
snow accretion on
bogies in extremely cold
regions

Proposal ofcountermeasuresagainst micro-pressure
waves

2020

2021

Estimation of contribution ofnoise sources to wayside noise

2022

2023

2024

Prediction and evaluation of wayside noise
generated by higher train speeds

Measures for reducing aerodynamic bogie
noise and pressure fluctuations

Expected result
Measures for reducing
aerodynamic bogie
noise and pressure
fluctuations

Technology for reducing noiseand pressure fluctuations
High current collection
performance and low
noise pantograph

High current collection performance and low
noise pantographMeasures for reducing snow accretion on
bogies using air flow control

Structures for reducing
snow accretion on
bogiesRisk assessment of accreted snow droppingfrom Shinkansen bogies

Cost-reduction of countermeasures against
micro-pressure waves

Extension of application
range of countermeasuresagainst micro-pressure
waves

Low-cost
countermeasuresagainst micro-pressure
waves

Figure 3-7. Overview of "Increasing Shinkansen train running speeds in harmony
with the trackside environment"

11

○ Sophistication of simulation technology
We will create an analysis model that is applicable to commercial railway lines and thatcomprises a virtual railway test line which simulates vehicle motion, overhead lines,
pantographs, and rolling contact between wheels and rails. We will also develop a simulator
that evaluates the state of wear of current-collecting materials when contact loss arcing occurs
on pantograph and that evaluates the safety of vehicles operating at high speed while also
self-snowplowing. Furthermore, we will develop a microstructural simulation of materials
that can contribute to the development of wear-resistant materials and a numerical windtunnel that simulates large-scale, low-noise wind tunnel experiments using numericalcalculations (Figure 3-8).

Expansion of application of virtual railway test lines
Confirmation of consistency
between simulations and real
phenomena

Contact-loss arc simulator and snowplowing
simulator
Analytics tools to
elucidate phenomena(Development ofcontact-loss arc
simulator andsnowplowing simulator)

Provision of analytical models
applicable to commercial lines

Simulation of the
microstructures of materials

Application to thedevelopment of wearresistant materials

Numerical wind tunnel
Streamlining wind-tunnel
operations
Reproduction ofphenomena that surpassthe wind-tunnel
performance

Topic

2020

2021

2022

Expansion of applicationof virtual railway test lines

Improved consistency between thesimulator and real phenomena

Development of contactloss arc simulator andsnowplowing simulator

Method for coupled analysis ofsnowplowing and vehicle dynamics
Elucidation of contact-loss
arc phenomena

2023

2024

Practicality verification
using an analytic model
applicable to commercial
lines

Contact-loss arc simulator

Development of methods
for simulating the
microscopic structure ofmaterials

Microstructural simulations

Creation of numericalwind-tunnel technologies

Development of constituent technologies

Expected result
Analytics models
applicable to commercial
lines

Contact-loss arc
simulator andsnowplowing simulator

Application to thedevelopment of wearresistant materials

Efficient development
methods for wearresistant materials

Scale-up and expansion offunctions

Numerical wind tunnel

Figure 3-8. Overview of "Sophistication of simulation technology"12(4) Development of practical technologies
In order to provide timely practical results, we are addressing topics with immediate
relevance to the railway business (Table 3-1).
1. Technical developments requested by Japan Railway (JR) companies
Upon receiving a specific request, we will rapidly provide technological development
results that contribute to the resolution of issues at various sites while taking into
consideration specific local features such as cold regions. Particularly, we will focus on the
allocation of resources to issues that are considered to produce a strong ripple-effect whencommercialized and are greatly needed among railway operators and promote theircommercialization.
2. Development of practical technologies implemented independently by RTRI
By fully understanding the needs of railway operators and using the facilities, analytic
technology, and know-how, which are the strengths of RTRI, we will address topics that canbe rapidly adapted to solving on-site issues.
3. Research and development commissioned by the government
As part of the practical application and dissemination of the results of R&D, we areconducting R&D that has been commissioned by the government.

Table 3-1. Example topics for "Development of practical technologies"
R&D Objectives

Topic〇 Earthquake early warning system for nearfield earthquakes
Safety improvements 〇 Enhanced seat safety in the event of a collision〇 Methods of maintenance and repair that extend the lifespan of ground equipment
Cost reductions〇 Railway monitoring technologies comprising the use of sensors〇 Methods for confirming safety using vehicle-side cameras

Harmony with theenvironment〇 Application of superconductor technologies such as superconducting power
cables to conventional railways〇 Practical application of fuel-cell hybrid trains

Improved convenience〇 Brake equipment that contributes to reduced braking distance〇 Vertical vibration control systems for high-speed trains13

(5) Basic research for railways
We will actively engage in basic research to provide solutions to various issues that affectrailways specifically and can serve as a source for innovative technologies. In the field of"Elucidation and prediction of phenomena," we will conduct basic research into forecasting
meteorological disasters, vehicle running safety and stability, and improvements in the
trackside environment. With regards to "Creating methods of analysis, experimentation andassessment," we will conduct research into damage and degradation mechanisms, inspection
methods, and human factors. Finally, in terms of "Adoption of new technologies, materials,
and research methods," we will conduct basic research into friction, wear, prolonging theserviceable life of parts, and Artificial intelligence (AI) (Table 3-2).
Table 3-2. Example topics of "Basic research for railways”
Item
○
・
・

Elucidation andprediction ofphenomena

○
・
・
○
・
・
○
・

・
Creating methods ofanalysis,・
experimentation,
and assessment○
・・

Adoption of newtechnologies,
materials, andresearch methods

○
・
・
○
・
・

Topic
Forecasting meteorological disasters
Methods of estimating the properties of snow cover on the lines
Methods for predicting weather phenomena using big data analysis to publicly
available information
Running safety and stability of rolling stock
Methods for analyzing conditions that cause hunting and methods forassessing stability
Assessing vehicle behavior at the moment a vehicle reaches the overturn limit
due to crosswinds
Improvements to the wayside environment
Study on the generation mechanism of squealing and bridge noises anddevelopment of the mitigation measures
Methods for estimating and visualizing radio noise caused by running trains
Degradation mechanisms and inspection methods
Assessment of the fatigue crack growth rate and inspection intervals ofrailway axles
Elucidation of crack propagation mechanisms in bogie frames anddevelopment of inspection methods
Study on crack propagation mechanisms in rail heads and maintenancemethods for cracks
Human factors
Clarifying physiological indices for assessing mental and physical condition
Total evaluation method of railway passenger comfort based on factor
analysis
Friction, wear and increasing longevity of materials
Elucidating mechanisms underlying increased adhesive wear of contact wires
and pantograph contact strips
Elucidation of the frictional deterioration factors of wheel treads and proposals
for new materials for wheels and brakes
Artificial intelligence (AI)A model for introducing human technical skills into AI
A method for tracing control and decisions by AI

R&D of superconducting maglev will be conducted as research activities while focusing
mainly on the ongoing application of technologies such as superconductors and linear

14

motors to conventional railways. At the same time, R&D for maintaining necessary
technological capabilities will be conducted as fundamental research.
(6) Testing facilities
We will install two new large-scale testing facilities as proprietary testing facilities directlytied to R&D, and we will also install new and highly demanded testing facilities and renew
existing aging facilities.
1. Establishing a new large-scale testing facility
Two large-scale testing facilities will be constructed to assess the safety of the ground andembankments against earthquakes and heavy rains and to assess the response and durabilityof tracks and structures during high-speed train operation.
○ Centrifuge test facility
In order to assess the state of the ground during earthquakes and heavy-rain, and to solve
various related problems, such as performing a collapse analysis, we will install a facility
to assess the behavior of the ground and structures that reproduce stress states equivalent
to those observed in the actual ground within a scale model by applying a centrifugal force
using high-speed rotation against a reduced-scale model ground.
○ High-speed movement loading test facility
In order to develop a vibration-controlled track for high-speed rail and a maintenancefree track for regional railways, we will install new facility to assess the response anddurability of tracks and structures by reproducing the loads borne by tracks with highspeed trains (maximum speed 360 km/h) while using multiple actuators installed atsleeper intervals on the real track structure.
2. New installation and renewal of test equipment
We are installing new test facilities that are required for conducting high-quality R&D. In
addition, we are updating the test equipment that has exceeded its useful life and has
deteriorated significantly, with priority given to what is needed most and most urgently for
R&D.

15

3.1.2 Survey
In addition to understanding changes in society, the economy, and technology, we willcollect and analyze information concerning mid- to long-term trends in Japan and overseas,in the fields of safety, the environment, and the transportation economy, as they relate to
railways and trends in cutting-edge technologies such as digital technology. The results ofthese surveys will be used for R&D, and we will actively disseminate these findings. In
addition, we will conduct survey activities to predict the future of rail and to identify technicalitems for R&D.
3.1.3 Technical standards
With the increasing importance of the maintenance and management of social
infrastructure and with consideration for the shrinking labor force, we are strategicallypromoting the development of design standards, maintenance and management standards,
and examples of design calculations such that the design can be conducted while reflecting
construction and maintenance management efficiency perspectives.
3.1.4 Information services
We will collect, compile, and actively disseminate Japanese and foreign technical railway
information. In addition, using various media such as mass media and the Internet, in addition
to providing society with timely and accurate technical rail information, including highquality R&D results and activities, we will act as a base for information transmission anddisseminate information that contributes to rapid recovery following earthquakes.
3.1.5 Publication and seminar
We will further improve the content of periodical reports such as RTRI reports, Railway
Research Review (RRR), Quarterly Report of RTRI (QR,) and Ascent, as well as educational
activities such as lectures and technical forums, while striving to disseminate the results of
R&D in society. In addition, we will provide systematic training courses on topics such as
railway technology for all levels of knowledge, from beginner to expert.
3.1.6 Diagnostics advisory
We will meticulously respond to the needs of all railway operators and continue to actively
support them. With regards to consultations on disasters, accidents, and equipment failures,
we will promptly survey the damage and causes and propose methods for recovery and theprevention of recurrence. We will respond to severe natural disasters by forming crosscutting teams.

16

3.1.7 International standards
We will develop strategic international standardization activities to maintain and further
improve Japanese railway technology and expand it overseas.
With regards to the development of ISO (International Organization for Standardization)and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standards, in addition to continuing topromote proposals from Japan as a secretariat for the National Mirror Committee, we will
actively incorporate Japanese design ideas and technologies in our response to standards
proposed by other countries.
In addition, we will also investigate trends in standardization activities being promoted byrail-related organizations that may be able to exert international influence and engage withthem as necessary.
Furthermore, with regards to various issues relating to standardization in the Japanese
railway industry, such as the stipulation and systematization of Japanese technologies andknow-how and examination of the state of the domestic certification system, we will workwith related parties to develop standards.
3.1.8 Qualification
In addition to creating an environment that makes it easy for railway engineers to apply
for professional railway design engineer examinations through the verification of entire
processes under examination, we will contribute to the development of human resources
for the entire railway industry with the aim of maintaining and improving the technicalknowledge level of railway engineers.
3.1.9 Railway Technology Promotion CenterWith a focus mainly on the systematization of technologies, problem solving, and themaintenance and improvement of technological know-how and technical information service
activities, in addition to partnering with the Japanese government and relevant institutions toundertake activities that contribute to safe and reliable railway transport, we will contributeto improving the technical level of those involved in railways. In particular, we will focus ontechnical support to revitalize regional railways through measures such as providing advice
based on site visits. In addition, through investigative research into topics of particular interestto railway operators, we will promote information sharing between railway operators.
3.1.10 Railway International Standards CenterWith the aim of maintaining and further improving Japan's railway technologies and theiroverseas expansion, we will act as a central organization responsible for international
standardization activities while closely cooperating with the Japanese government, Japanesestandards organizations, railway operators, and railway-related companies.

17

In addition to strengthening the cooperation with organizations conducting standardization
activities in Europe and Asia and promoting the use of standards developed and issued at
Japan’s initiative, including standards for railway project planning and promoting theunderstanding and adoption of Japanese railway technologies, we will increase awarenessabout international standards among Japanese stakeholders and promote human resource
development.
3.1.11 International activities
In order to further enhance the technological prowess and global presence of RTRI, we
will expand joint research with and staff secondment to overseas universities and research
institutions as well as improve both the quality and quantity of information disseminatedoverseas. In addition, we will strengthen our capability to investigate the latest trends inresearch overseas and actively promote the intake of researchers from overseas with the aimof invigorating R&D. Furthermore, we will contribute to the uptake of Japanese rail
technologies by providing active support for the overseas expansion of railway operators andrailway-related companies, providing support for human resource development, and throughthe international expansion of technologies developed by RTRI.

3.2 For-profit projects
We will promote for-profit projects in order to commercialize R&D outcomes, anddrive their widespread popularization. To this end, in addition to strengthening marketingand promotional activities and accurately understanding the needs of customers including therailway operators, we are actively implementing initiatives for promoting thecommercialization of the results of research and providing results that are perceived by clientsas being high-quality.
Securing revenue and promoting business efficiency to ensure stable and solid income,and management of expenditures will help to strengthen the management foundations of
RTRI.

18

4. Management
4.1 Management concepts
As a public interest incorporated foundation, we comply with laws and regulations and ourarticles of incorporation, and we encourage sound management.
In addition to increasing staff numbers in technological fields, placing a priority on R&D,
we shall make efficient use of the limited human resources to respond appropriately tosolving various problems in railway technology.
In order to cultivate researchers that can perform the R&D sought by RTRI in response to
the needs of railway operators in addition to enhancing level-specific training programs forstaff, ranging from new recruits to executives, and to ensure the reliable transfer oftechnological skills and knowledge, we are also actively exchanging personnel with railway
operators such as JR companies.
In order to complete the new installation, and update of RTRI’s testing facilities, andrenovation of research buildings based on a mid- to long-term plan, we aim to further increase
efficiency across all aspects of operation based on sound financial planning.

4.2 Compliance
We will promote continuous development through training courses and on-the-job training(OJT) with the aim of raising the ethical awareness of staff and strengthening compliancewith laws, regulations, and ethical codes.

4.3 Information management
In addition to the strict management of R&D information, we are strengthening security
measures used for the management and use of information communications and data.

194.4 Human resources
4.4.1 Recruitment
In addition to promoting initiatives to further understanding of the activities of RTRI bystrengthening collaboration with universities and research institutes and proactively offeringinternships and ensuring a supply of skilled employees to meet the demand in the technicalfields highlighted in the mid- to long-term plan, we are hiring strategically in order to avoid
skills gaps in the various fields of technology.
In order to ensure a sufficient supply of skilled experts in cutting-edge technical fields suchas digital technologies and advanced simulation technologies, we intend to diversify
recruitment to include mid-career recruitment of experts.
4.4.2 Developing human resources
In addition to ensuring the transfer of technological skills and knowledge accumulated
over many years to the next generation, we will train researchers able to perform creative
R&D to respond to the needs of railway operators. Therefore, we will enrich OJT and levelspecific training programs offered at various career stages, from new recruits through toexecutives. We will also actively conduct personnel exchanges with railway operators
including JR companies, not only among younger employees but also at managerial level.
We will conduct short- and long-term staff secondment to specialist research institutes
involved in cutting-edge technical fields such as digital technology.
From a global perspective, we are actively engaging in joint research with foreign
universities and research institutions and personnel exchanges in order to develop a pool ofhighly skilled employees that can raise the presence of Japanese rail technologies on theinternational stage.
To promote the self-development of researchers in order to accumulate specialist
knowledge and raise the international presence of RTRI, we will encourage the acquisitionof higher qualifications (PhDs and professional engineers) and promote participation inacademic and professional association activities.
4.4.3 Creating a motivating workplace
We will strengthen efforts to improve workplace health and safety, mental health, andreform working practices, as well as support employees with childcare, and creating aworkplace where employees can benefit from flexible working, and where they can worksafely and healthily both in mind and body.
We will nurture a culture of openness that allows researchers in various technical fields tohave free and vigorous discussions irrespective of differences in age and position, and wewill create motivating workplaces where all employees, from junior staff to veterans, canhave a high degree of motivation to work.

20

4.5 Personnel
Based on current recruitment performance, about 20 new employees should be recruited
each fiscal year, to maintain staffing at its current level of 550 (Table 4-1).
In R&D activities, we will reinforce technical fields that have been prioritized, such asincreasing resilience to natural disasters, promoting the adoption of digital technologies,
improvement of energy-saving technologies, and advancement of simulation technologies.
We will increase the number of staff in international standardization activities in order tostrengthen cooperation with international railway-related organizations and respond tocertification needs.
We will continue to assign staff to appropriate positions with the aim of increasing theefficiency of their work including other activities not mentioned above.
Table 4-1 Number of personnel(Units: Persons)
FY2019FY2020 – FY2024

440

442

18
10
40
42
550

13
13
40
42
550

Research anddevelopment
SurveyInternational standards
For-profit projects
Administration duties
Total

4.6 Revenue and expenditure
In estimating the contribution income from JR companies, we take into consideration
changes in the rail transport revenue of JR companies in recent years and the anticipatedeconomic situation of the society in the future. Although the repayment of loans from theDevelopment Bank of Japan will be completed within the period covered by this master plan,strict income expenditure management will still be adopted with the intention of ensuring
effective budget management. One reason for this is that R&D expenditure is increasing aspriority issues need to be addressed and practical application of research results also need to
be promoted. Another reason is that we should reserve funds for the creation of new largescale testing facilities, the renovation of old facilities, and reconstruction of the head officebuilding in Kunitachi (Table 4-2).

21

4.6.1 Revenue(1) Contribution revenue
In regards to the contribution revenue, revenue for each year is expected to remain at 2019
levels, as the revenue growth of JR companies over the past few years has been consistentlyhigh.
(2) Business revenue
In regards to the business revenue, because the current scale of revenue is expected tocontinue into the future, the revenue for each year is expected to be the same as that in 2019.
(3) Subsidy revenue
We continue to request subsidies to cover interest on repayments of money borrowed fromthe Development Bank of Japan. Subsidies from the Japanese government in addition tocompetitive grants will be actively sought, to ensure that RTRI can continue to engage
actively and creatively in R&D.
4.6.2 Expenditure(1) Personnel expenditure
Personnel expenditure is based on the number of personnel.
(2) R&D expenditure
We will strengthen initiatives for priority issues such as data collection and validation
testing for various meteorological conditions required to advance the R&D contributing toenhancing the resilience of the railways to natural disasters, promoting practicalapplications such as validation experiments for superconducting power transmission cables,and bolstering R&D expenditure for establishing test methods for new large-scale testing
facilities.
(3) Fixed asset acquisition expenditure
In addition to installing and renewing testing facilities, we will update and expand
general facilities to improve safety and address the issue of the aging of general equipment.
(4) Repayments to DBJ
Repayments are made under contract with the Development Bank of Japan and willconclude in 2022.
(5) Purchase of reserve assets for reconstruction of the Kunitachi head officebuilding
After examining what functions the new office building will need to ensure an
environment conducive to creative research, the building will be redesigned to a similar scaleas the current building, but with higher earthquake resistance.
The " Reserve assets for reconstruction of the Kunitachi head office building " will be set
aside as a fund for use in this reconstruction.

22

Table 4-2: Revenue and expenditure(Units: billion JPY)
FY
2019

FY
2020

FY
2021

FY
2022

FY
2023

FY
2024

Total

15.1
3.0

15.1
3.0

15.1
3.0

15.1
3.0

15.1
3.0

15.1
3.0

75.6
15.2

2.9
0.1

2.9
0.1

2.9
0.1

2.9
0.1

2.9
0.1

2.9
0.1

14.5
0.7

Subsidy revenue
Membership revenue
Other revenue

0.1
0.2
0.1

0
0.2
0.1

0
0.2
0.1

0
0.2
0.1

0.2
0.1

0.2
0.1

0
1.1
0.9

Proceeds from secured assets for Yamanashi
Maglev Test Track construction debt

1.1

0.9

0.5

0

2.4
22.3
5.9

19.5
6.2

19.1
6.3

18.6
6.5

18.6
6.5

18.6
6.9

94.5
32.6

R&D expenditure

2.7
3.0

2.7
3.4

2.7
3.4

2.7
3.4

2.7
3.4

2.7
3.4

13.8
17.2

Research and development for the
future of railways

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.2

1.0

4.9

Development of practical technologies

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.1

1.3

6.8

Basic research for railway

0.8

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

5.5

(1.2)

(1.4)

(1.4)

(1.4)

(1.4)

(1.4)

(7.0)

For-profit project expenses

0.7
1.9

0.6
1.9

0.6
1.9

0.6
1.9

0.6
1.9

0.6
1.9

3.3
9.8

Fixed asset acquisition
expenditure

3.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.7

2.7

10.5

(0.3)

(0.6)

(2.0)

(1.9)

(4.9)

(0.5)
(0.1)

(0.5)
(0.3)

(3.1)
(1.8)

Contribution revenue
Business revenue
For-profit projects revenue
Public-interest activities revenue

Revenue

Balance carried forward from theprevious period

Total revenue
Personnel expenditure
Non-personnel overhead
expenditure(Within parentheses, Technicaldevelopment requested by JR companies)

Expenditure

Other public-interest activities
expenditure(Of which, large-scale testing
facilities)

1.5

(0.2)
(0.2)

(0.7)
(0.3)

(0.7)
(0.6)

(0.7)
(0.3)

Repayments to DBJ

1.1

0.9

0.5

0

Purchase of reserve assets forreconstruction of the Kunitachi head
office building

2.8

1.5

1.6

1.3

0.3

Emergency funds
Total expenditure

0.1
22.3

0.1
19.5

0.1
19.1

0.1
18.6

0.1
18.6

(Of which, testing facilities)(Of which, general facilities)

1.5
4.9
0.1
18.6

(Note)・ FY 2019 figures represent amounts budgeted at the beginning of the fiscal year.
・Subsidy revenue is recorded only for subsidies against interest due to the Development Bank of Japan.
(It should be noted, however, that FY2019 includes a national treasury subsidy for research and development(110 million JPY))
・FY2019 research and development expenditures include the national treasury subsidy (110 million JPY).
・The totals may not add up due to rounding up.

23

0.5
94.5

5. Conclusion
The labor shortage caused by a shrinking working-age population in Japan, andunprecedented meteorological disasters are pressing issues that cannot be addressed throughconventional frameworks.
Radical technological innovation is essential to overcoming these challenges. RTRI plays
acts as a leader in technological innovation for railways, partnering with railway operators,
universities, and research institutes in Japan and overseas, as well as related companies toovercome difficult problems encountered by railways, and it pursues research and undertakes
development to create the future of railways for the realization of a sustainable society.
In addition, we are accumulating know-how related to railway technology and proactively
undertaking impartial activities as a third-party organization including the investigation ofdamage due to and causes of disasters and accidents and proposing measures for recovery,
and to prevent their reoccurrence.
As a public interest incorporated foundation, we adhere to the law and to our articles ofincorporation, and we are working to strengthen compliance and further deepen trust in RTRI.
RTRI, which is not an operator itself actively engages in personnel exchanges with railway
operators, and strives to build a pool of trained personnel that are able to grasp the status andissues that are specific to the railways, while encouraging the transfer of technological skills
and knowledge to the next generation.
Based on the vision of "We will develop innovative technologies to enhance the rail modeso that railway can contribute to the creation of a happier society”, we promise that RTRI
pledges to invest its utmost efforts to realized its Master Plan RESEARCH 2025: R&D for
creating the future of railways.

24

Reference

RTRI's Vision

RISING
Research Initiative and Strategy—Innovative, Neutral, and Global

Vision"We will develop innovative technologies to enhance the railmode so that railways can contribute to the creation of ahappier society."

Mission①To intensify research and development activities so as to improverailway safety, technology and operation, responding to customers'
needs and social change②To develop professional expertise in all aspects of railways and, as anindependent and impartial research body, to fulfill our tasks using the best
science available in an ethical way③To pioneer cutting-edge technologies for Japanese railways andbecome a world leader

Strategy• Addressing challenges that demand
innovation• Promoting research in fields where RTRI
has significant advantages• Exploring research frontiers• Advancing interdisciplinary research
projects and fundamental research

Fulfilling our tasks using
the best science available
in an ethical way as anindependent and impartial
research body
• Investigating accidents and disasters,
and proposing preventative measures• Enhancing technical support activities• Focusing on preparing railway
technical standards• Communicating information in atimely and effective way• Disseminating research outcomes• Promoting highly market-oriented research• Exploring visions of future railways

Intensifying R&D
activities

Vision RISING
We will develop innovativetechnologies to enhance the railmode so that railways can contributeto the creation of a happier societyManagement
Compliance, Improved working environment,
Human resource development, Equipment, Funding

Becoming a world
leader in the field ofrailway technologies• Enhancing our global presence• Encouraging international
exchange• Supporting overseas deployment
of Japanese railway systems• Active participation ininternational standards