Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of
the ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

BNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)
Visiting
FY2012B
g Researcher Programg

Co pa a e sstudy
Comparative
udy o
on Disastersas e Risks
Reduction to build the resilience of
Nations
Agustian Rizal
Planning Bureau of Prime Secretariat
National Agency for Disaster Management(BNPB)

Republic of Indonesia

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Presentation Outline
1.

OVERVIEW OF DISASTER SITUATION IN THE WORLD,INDONESIA AND JAPAN
1.1 Natural and human-made disasters trend in the world
1.2 Overview of disaster situation in Indonesia
1.3 Overview of disaster situation in Japan

2
2.

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PARADIGM
2.1 Disaster Risk Reduction - What is it and why do need it?
2.2 The importance of building resilient to disasters
2.3 Paradigm Shift From Emergency Response To Disaster Risk Reduction

PBNPB t ti Outline
Presentation
O tli

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

3.

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN INDONESIA AND JAPAN3 1 Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
3.1
3.1.1 Strengthening legislation and institutional capacity
3.1.2 Disaster Planning
3 1 3 Research,
3.1.3
R
h educationd ti andd Training
T i i
3.1.4 Increased participation and community capacity disaster risk reduction
3.1.5 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
3 1 6 Early
3.1.6
E l W
Warningi SSystem
3.1.7 Preparedness

3.2 Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan
3.2.1 Disaster Information System and Risk Asessment
3.2.2 Disaster Early Warning
3.2.3 Disaster Reduction And Prevention Project3.2.4 Disaster Reduction Activity
3.2.5 Disaster Education And Research
Conclusion and Lesson learning

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

1.
OVERVIEW OF DISASTERSITUATION IN THE WORLD,INDONESIA AND JAPANBNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Natural and human
human--made disasters trend in the world

In 2011, 332 natural disasters were registered, less than the average annual disasterfrequency observed from 2001 to 2010 (384). However, the human and economic impactsof the disasters in 2011 were massive.
massive Natural disasters killed a total of 30.773
30 773 people andcaused 244.7 million victims worldwide Economic damages from natural disasters were
the highest ever registered, with an estimated US$ 366.1 billion.

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

The ratio of affected people by natural disaster in
the World (2000 – 2011)
Ratio of Natural disaster related to climate change isaround 90%
The ratio of natural disaster in the World (2000 – 2011)
Ratio of Natural disaster related to climate change is highBNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Overview of disaster situation in Indonesia

EURO-ASIA PLATE
PASIFIK PLATEINDO-AUSTRALIA PLATEBNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Overview of disaster situation in Indonesia

The Ratio of Natural Disaster(2000 – 2011)

The ratio of affected people by naturaldidisaster(2000 – 2011)20 )Disaster situation in indonesia

Flood Evacuees

Flooding on the center of Jakarta
Landslide on west
Bandung, West Java

Flooding on residential Jakarta¾ During January 2013, BNPB recorded 120 disasters occurred in Indonesia.
¾ Approximately 96 percent of disasters is still dominated by hydrog
ymeteorologicaldisasters such as floods, landslides, cyclones¾ To cope with the disaster, BNPB has done a good disaster preparedness
and emergency response¾ the fund has distributed BNPB ready around Rp 180 billion to variousii
I di affected,
ff t d forfl i ti l support,t equipment,itregionsinIndonesia
logistical
deployment personnel military / police and so on.

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Structure Organization of (BNPB
BNPB))BNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Managementg
Framework in Indonesia
Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management as the basis to develop
National System for Disaster Management in Indonesia, Disaster
Management System is “an overall regulating system which include
legislation, institutionalization, planning, budgeting and science fordisaster management,
management in order to ensure the implementation ofdisaster management is well-integrated and coordinated”
BNPB s duties :BNPB’sa. Guidelines & directives : prevention, emergency response,
rehabilitation & reconstruction.
pb. Standardisation & the need of DM implementationc. Informasi of activities to the public
d. Report to President once each month & any timee. Making use of domestic/int’l assistancef. Accountability of budget
g. Guidelines on BPBDBNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Administrative DM System in Indonesia
National
Level

President
National Agency
gy for Disaster
Management (BNPB)

Governor
Province
Level

Regional Agency for Disaster Management(Province BPBD)

Regent/Mayoralty
Regenty/Municipal
Level

Regional Agency for Disaster Management(Regenty/Municipal BPBD)BNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Management Plan
The policy and strategy of the National Agency for Disaster
Management activities within the next five years (2010-2014) is :1. Disaster implementation of planned, directed, coordinated,
integrated and comprehensive and accountable
2. Increased awareness, ability and preparedness for disasters
through the creation of a rapid reaction force of disaster3. Completion of handling emergency disaster victims in postdisaster areas quickly, accurately and effectively, and coordinated/ integrated
i t
t d
4. Completion of recovery of physical infrastructure in the region andnon-physical the after disaster of an integrated and comprehensive

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Overview of disaster situation in JapanBNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Earthquake in the vicinity of Japan

Date

Earthquakes or Hypocenters①

1982.3.21

Uraga-oki Earthquake②

1993.1.15

Kushiro-oki Earthquake③

1994.10.4

Hkkaido-Toho-oki Earthquake④

1994.12.28

Sanriku-Haruka-oki Earthquake⑤

1995.1.17

Great Hanshin-Awajij Earthquakeq⑥

1997.5.13

Satsuma region in Kagoshima Prefecture⑦

1998.9.3

Northern region in Iwate Prefecture⑧

2000.7.1

Niijima and Kozushima Earthquake⑨

2000.10.6

Western Tottori Earthquake⑩

2001.3.24

Geiyo Earthquake⑪

2003.5.26

Miyagi-ken-oki Earthquake⑫

2003.7.26

Northern Miyagi
y g Earthquakeq⑬

2003.9.26

Tokachi-oki Earthquake⑭

2004.10.23

Niigata-ken-Chuetsu Earthquake⑮

2005.3.20

Fukuoka-ken-Seihou-oki Earthquake⑯

2005.8.16

Miyagi-ken-oki Earthquake⑰

2007.3.25

Noto-hanto Earthquake, 2007⑱

2007.7.16

Niigata-Chuetsu-oki Earthquake, 2007⑲

2008.6.14

Iwate-Miyagi Inland Earthquake, 2008⑳

2008.7.14

Northern coastal area of Iwate Prefecture㉑

2009.8.11

Suruga Bay

BNPB

③

Legend○: Earthquakes with seismic intensity of 6 orgreater～: Active faults

②
①

⑬
④

⑦⑳
⑲
⑪
⑫ ⑯
⑰ ⑱⑭

⑮

⑨ ⑤
⑩

㉑
⑧

⑥

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Overview of disaster situation in japan
The ratio of natural disaster(2000 – 2011)

Japan has wide variety ofnatural disasters. Also one of
the countries affected
unpredicted events of natural
disaster such as :
¾ Earthquakes¾ Tsunamis¾ Volcanic Eruptions¾ Typhoons (July – October)¾ Heavy Monsoon Rains(May)¾ Floods¾ Landslides
L d lid¾ Snow Avalanches

The ratio of affected people
by natural disaster (2000 –
2011)

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Overview of disaster situation in
japan
The number of deaths and missing
persons in disasters

The number of deaths and missing persons
by type of disaster

BNPB

Amount of damage to facilities due todisasters

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Structure organization of National Government andCabinet Office (Disaster Management)

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)BNPBDisaster Management Framework in
Japan[National Level]
Prime Minister|
Central Disaster Management Council|
Designated Government Organizations
D i
DesignateddP
Publicbli C
Corporationsi

Formulation and promoting implementation of the Basic
Disaster Management Plans
Formulation and promoting implementation of the Basic
Disaster Operation Plans[Prefectural Level]
Governor|Prefectural Disaster Management Council
Designated Local Government Organizations
Designated Local Public Corporations

FFormulationl i andd promoting
i iimplementationli off LLocall Di
DisasterManagement Plans[Municipal Level]
Mayors of Cities, Towns and Villages|
Municipal
p Disaster ManagementgCouncil

Formulation and promoting implementation of Local Disaster
M
Managementt Plans
Pl[Residents level]
Designated Government Organizations
24 ministries and agencies

Designated Public Corporations
56 organizations including independent administrative agencies, Bank of Japan and gas companies and NTT

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)BNPBNatural Disasters

Disaster Management Plan

Earthquake Disaster
Countermeasures

Storm and Flood
Countermeasures

Volcano Disaster
Countermeasures

Snow Disaster
Countermeasures

Maritime Disaster
Countermeasures

Aviation Disaster
Countermeasures

Railroad Disaster
Countermeasures

Road Disaster
Countermeasures

Nuclear Disaster
Countermeasures

Hazardous Materials Disaster
Countermeasures

Large-scale Fire
Disaster Countermeasures

Forest Fire Disaster
Countermeasures

Accident Disaster(Addressing all the disaster phases)

Disaster Prevention andPreparedness

Disaster Emergency
Response

Disaster Recovery andRehabilitation(T ibl countermeasures(Tangiblettto b
be ttaken
k b
by eachh stakeholder)t k h ld )National Government

Local Governments

ResidentsBNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)2.
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PARADIGMBNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction - What is it ?
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach toidentifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims
to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as
g with the environmental and other hazards that trigger
gg
dealingthem. Its scope is much broader and deeper than conventional
emergency management. There is potential for DRR initiatives
in just about every sector of development and humanitarianwork.
The most commonly cited definition of DRR is one used by UN
agenciesisuch
h as UNISDR andd UNDP : "The"Th conceptualt lframework of elements considered with the possibilities tominimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society,to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness)
the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context ofsustainable development.”BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction - whyy do need it ?
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is a program that is very
urgent to be done by governments, nongovernmentalorganizations (NGOs) and the entire community because
the majority of people living in areas that have highpotential for the occurrence of natural disasters. If the
program is not implemented soon, the potential loss ofboth property and life will be very large
large.

BNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

The importancepof building
g resilient todisasters
Building disaster resilience is the term we use todescribe the process of helping communities
and countries to be better prepared towithstand and rapidly recover from a shocksuch as an earthquake, Tsunami, Vulcano,drought, flood or cyclone.

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Why is disaster resilience important ?
Over the coming decades it is expected that both the frequency
and intensity of disasters will continue to increase as a result
off climatelit change,hurbanbmigration,iti
population
l ti
growthth anddincreased scarcity of natural resources.
This currently, a new paradigm in disaster management,
implementation guided by the results declaration Hyogo
implementation,
Framework for Action (HFA) 2009-2015, namely(1) Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a
local
priority with a strong institutional basis foriimplementation,lt ti(2) Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhanceearly warning,(3) Use of knowledge
knowledge, innovation and education to build aculture of safety and resilience at all levels,(4) Reduce the risk factors underlying,(5) Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response
response.

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Paradigm Shift From Emergency Response
To Disaster Risk Reduction
In the midst of the search is comprehensive alternative
paradigm,pg , a new approachpp
emergedgin seeingg thedisaster. Paradigm that is the perspective in managing
the disaster as a whole began to see threats to cause
effects that may occur. This approach is known as theapproach to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). Thisapproach saw the disaster as part of reasonableness,when elements of vulnerability was met with threats.
Di
Disaster
was not seen as a rebukeb k moreover ddestiny,iso
do not be seen as a disaster merely a natural
phenomenon that impacts forget.

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Paradigm Shift From Emergency Response
To Disaster Risk Reduction
Indonesia's emergency response paradigm shift inparadigm towards Disaster Risk Reduction very real
stipulated in law no. 24 in 2007. Disaster management
focused on aspects of disaster risk reduction, not justemergency response. Disaster risk reduction
management is disaster planning system that starts
from prevention,
prevention mitigation,
mitigation preparedness,preparedness early
warning and other governments by involving all
stakeholders, public and private

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

3.
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN
INDONESIA AND JAPANBNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
1. Strengthening legislation and institutional capacity :a. Formulation of rules
rules, regulations and standard
operating procedure for Disaster containing PB
mechanism, including the division of tasks,
responsibilities and resources
resources, as well as coordinationb. Coordinating planning and policy making and policy
implementation at the level of synchronization acrossministries / agencies
c. Establishment and strengthening BPBD andcompleteness (Command Operational Center, theRegional Rapid Reaction Force)d. Strengthening capacities in the region Disaster
Management
e. Regionalization formation Depo Logistics,
Logistics Training
Centre and operational center for the development of
infrastructure and resource optimization Disaster

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Regionalg
Logisticg
Depotp(planned in 12 locations)BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Support for Logistics and Equipment for capacity building
2009 - 2012
◦ All 33 p
provinces received 1 unit ofrescue car, 2 units of trails
motorcycles, 1 unit of mobile
public kitchen
kitchen, 1 unit of mobile
water treatment, 1 unit of mobile
command post, 1 unit of multifunction truck, and 1 unit ofambulance;◦ Logistics and equipment supports
were also provided to 265 BPBDs
at district/municipality level

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)INA Disaster Relief Training Ground
1.

INA-DRTG Main office2.

Disaster ManagementgTrainingg
Academy and Emergency
Operation Center

3.

Warehouse

4.

Out-door Facilities

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)BNPBDisaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
2. Disaster Planninga. Preparation National Planning Disaster and preparation
regional Planning Disaster.
b
b.

BNPB

Mainstreaming Disaster plans into development plans

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
3. Research, education and training
a.
b.

c.
d.
e.
f.

Researchh andd developmentdl
off science andd disasterdmanagement technology.
Increased utilization and applicationppof science andtechnology (through applied research) for Disaster
Management, including for early warning
Integratinggg Disaster knowledge
g elements in school
curriculum
Implementation of disaster preparedness programs inschools
Resource capacity building for disaster education
Public education through the dissemination of
information related to disasterIntegrating Disaster knowledge
elements in school curriculum

DRR educationdti
forf tsunamitidisaster on Banda Aceh

BNPB

Disaster Risk Management Basedon School Programme

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
4. Increased participation and community capacity
disaster risk reduction
Development forum for disaster risk reductiong(DRR) in the region

Head of BNPB visits to Merapi Radio CommunityBNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
5 Di
5.
Disastert prevention
ti andd mitigation
iti tiDisaster risk
mapping

BNPB provide GIS training to regional BPBDBNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
6. Early warning System
Development of Early Warning System

There are four elements of early
warning, namely,
1. Risk knowledge
2. Technical monitoring and warning
service,
3 Communication
3.
C
i ti
and
d disseminationdii ti
of warnings,
4. Community response capability
INA Tsunami Early Warning SystemBNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia

7. Preparednessgg National Disaster Rapid
p Responsepa. Strengthening
Assistance Eastern and Western region

Indonesia Disaster Rapid Response
Assistance (SRC PB)

BNPBINDRRA Disaster Drill

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
b. International cooperation in improving preparedness

AMCDRR on Yogyakarta, October 2012

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan
Disaster risk assessment and information system
The scientific managementgof the disaster information cannot be
separated from the hazard assessment. Leave the hazard assessment,
the Government will not be screening the genuineness of the disaster
information, the government disaster prevention, disaster relief,disaster reduction decision-making cannot guarantee the accuracy ofthe science

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan
Disaster information system
Disaster information play important role in the disaster rescue.
There is no accurate, timely and comprehensive disaster
information, the government disaster control work will not beable to effectively carry out.
Disasters governance requires the government must build therelevant aspects of information involving emergency incident
management information networkBNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan
2. Disaster early warning
In Japan, organizations involved indisaster reduction, especially the Japan
Meteorological Agency (JMA), use 24
24hour systems to carefully monitor
various natural phenomena andweather conditions. The JMA hasddevelopedld a systemtcalledll d thethComputer System for Meteorological
Services (COSMETS).
It uses a telephone-line-based
telephone line based weather
information transmission system tocollect observation data andpdisseminate information, and a supercomputer system to conduct analyses
and make predictions.

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)BNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan
3 Disaster3.
Di t reduction
d ti andd prevention
ti projectj tJapan most of the area are built or under construction, disasterprevention base this disaster prevention facilities in peacetime as parks,
parks
stadiums, disaster prevention and education base, as well as material
reserves base can be immediately converted to refuge in emergency
disasters the place can be used as an emergency command center,material deployment center, medical security center has become
important disaster preparedness base.

Miki Earthquake Disaster Memorial ParkBNPBASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan

4. Disaster reduction activity
In order to promote disaster reduction activities,
need the cooperation of every citizen, the citizen
should understand the importance of disaster
reduction,d ti
therefore,th fththroughh a variety
i t off didisastert
reduction activities, citizens mitigation concerns.
Japan Disaster Prevention Day on September 1,
Disaster Prevention Week from August 30 to
September 5, the central and local governments areusually a series of activities, such as disasterprevention and exhibitions, disaster prevention
seminars and disaster drills race.

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan
5. Disaster education andresearch
Japa gave mee tthee mostJapan
ost impressive
p ess veis Japan's disaster prevention
education has been deeply
integrated into the daily life of theJapanese people. Of course, thisbecause high-frequency
earthquakes, typhoons and otherdisasters, but also shows that theJapanese government and people tothe positive attitude towards
learning how to respond to natural
disasters.
J
Japan's' disasterdimanagement workk
is very important aspect to thelives of ordinary people through avariety of ways to enter into theunusual social life.

BNPB

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

Conclusion and lesson learningg
With the enhancement of economic and social development andhuman activities, the loss of the natural disasters in order to faster
growth At present
growth.
present, Indonesia has made in disaster information
management a series of progress, but there are still many
shortcomings, especially in the face of the catastrophe of inadequate
preparation Indonesia can learn a lot of experience in Japan
preparation,

1. Realising a resilient nations and communities faceof disaster is certainly
process,,y a long-termgpsynergy between generations and the need tocontinuously between Governments, communities
and businesses
2. In contrast to the paradigm that has been adoptedbyy the ggovernment is only
y lookingg at the extent of
the disaster risk reduction activities of thetechnical side of disaster

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)

BNPB

4.

5
5.

6.

Full use of modern information technology, tob ld a well-developed
build
ll d
l
d informationftechnology
h lsupport system.
Q i kl andQuicklyd accurately
t l assess th
the iinformationftisystem to ensure true and reliable disaster
information
information.
Strengthen disaster information publicity,g, socialization
education,, drills,, training,mechanisms construct disaster information.

BNPB
ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER (ADRC)
FY2012B
Visitingg Researcher Programg

Thank You
Arigato gozaimasu
Terima kasih
National Agency for Disaster Management

Republic of Indonesia