小学校低・中学年を対象とした音韻認識能力の指導実践―オンセット・ライムと音の混合に焦点を当てて―

龍美来・染谷藤重

Phonological Awareness Instruction for Lower and Middle Grades of Elementary School: Focusing on the Onset and Rime, and Blending the Sounds
Miku RYO, Fujishige SOMEYA

教職キャリア高度化センター教育実践研究紀要
第 4 号 （2022年 1 月）
Journal of Educational ResearchCenter for Educational Career Enhancement
No.4（January 2022）

教職キャリア高度化センター教育実践研究紀要

第4号

202259ᑠᏛᰯప࣭୰Ꮫᖺࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢᣦᑟᐇ㊶  ʊ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡜㡢ࡢΰྜ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ʊ㱟 ⨾᮶*࣭ᰁ㇂ ⸨㔜**㸦ி㒔ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕*࣭ி㒔ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫ**㸧

Phonological Awareness Instruction for Lower and Middle Grades of Elementary School: Focusing on the Onset and Rime, and Blending the Sounds
Miku RYO, Fujishige SOMEYA

2021 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 30 ᪥ཷ⌮ᢒ㘓㸸㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡣㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ⬟ຊࡢ㔜せ࡞ᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡾ,ᑠᏛᰯⱥㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢ᫂♧ⓗ࡞ᣦᑟࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ,ᑠᏛᰯప࣭୰Ꮫᖺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢᣦᑟᐇ㊶ࡢຠᯝ࡜,ඣ❺ࡢ᝟ពࡢኚ໬ࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓࠋࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺ
ࡣ,Kirtley, Bryant, MacLean, & Bradley (1989)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ Opening Sound oddity task࣭End Sound oddity task ࢆ,࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭(2006)ࡀ᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅ྥࡅ࡟ Open oddity test࣭End oddity test ࡜ࡋ࡚ᨵⰋࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆཧ⪃࡟,➨୍➹⪅ࡀప࣭୰Ꮫᖺ⏝࡟ၥ㢟ᩘࢆㄪ⠇ࡋࡓࠋ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡜㡢ࡢΰྜ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓᣦᑟࢆ 1 ᅇ࡟ࡘࡁ 25 ศ㛫,ィ 4 ᅇ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ᝟ព㠃ࡢኚ໬ࡣ,ᣦᑟẖࡢ
᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢᖹᆒⅬࢆẚ࡭ࡿ࡜,࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࡀప࠸
⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ(t(13) = 1.75, p = .11㸼.05)ࠋOpen oddity test ࡢࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜,ᖹᆒⅬࡀ 13.61ĺ11.71 ࡜࡞ࡾ(t(14) = 2.00, p = .065㸼.05),End oddity test ࡛ࡶᖹᆒⅬࡀ 11.07ĺ10.50 ࡜పࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ(t(13) = 2.00, p = .466㸼.05)ࠋ4 ᅇࡢᣦᑟࡢᴦ
ࡋࡉࡢᖹᆒⅬࡣ,4 ẁ㝵୰ 3.15 ࡛࠶ࡾ,ከࡃࡢඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᴦࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ⌮ゎᗘࡢᖹᆒⅬࡣ 4 ẁ㝵୰ 3.2 ࡜㧗ࡃ,1 ᅇ┠࠿ࡽ 4 ᅇ┠ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ(F(3, 24) = 2.62, p = 0.74, Ș2 = .247),᭷ពഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ,ඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᣦᑟෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ,ཧຍ⪅㸦ඣ❺㸧ࡢேᩘࡢᑡ࡞ࡉ࠿ࡽ᭷ពᕪࡀฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜,ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ㈇ᢸࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜,ᣦᑟ࡜ࢸࢫࢺࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡢཎᅉࡢ௚,ᣦᑟᅇᩘࡀ 4 ᅇ࡜㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛,༢ㄒࢆ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡛ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᣦᑟࡸ,㛗ẕ㡢࡜▷ẕ㡢ࡢᣦᑟࡀ༑ศ࡟࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ,㛗ᮇⓗ࡞௓ධ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ඣ❺ࡀ༑ศ࡟㡢ኌᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡽࢀࡿ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼,ཷᐜⓗ࡞㡢ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࡸ,⏘ฟⓗ࡞㡢⣲᧯సࡢࢱࢫࢡ,ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ⤮ᮏࡸ࣐ࢨ࣮ࢢ࣮ࢫࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥࡢάືࢆ⾜࠺ᣦᑟࢆࡋ࡚,ࡑࡢ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢྥୖࡸࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ,㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒

Ϩ㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᖹᡂ 29 ᖺ࡟ᑠᏛᰯࡢ᪂Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬, 2017㸧ࡀ࿌♧ࡉࢀ,2020 ᖺᗘࡼࡾ඲㠃ⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ୰Ꮫᖺ࡛ࡣእᅜㄒάືࡀ,㧗Ꮫᖺ࡛ࡣᩍ⛉࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢእᅜㄒ⛉ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋእᅜㄒάື࡛ࡣⱥㄒࡢࠕ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖࠕヰࡍࡇ࡜㸦ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࣭Ⓨ⾲㸧
ࠖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚,㡢ኌ㠃ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓእᅜㄒ࡛ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࢆᅗࡿ⣲ᆅ࡜࡞ࡿ㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋእᅜㄒ⛉ࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠕㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࠖ,ࠕ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖࢆຍ࠼ࡓᩍ⛉࡜ࡋ࡚,ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᅗࡿᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿ㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡢᣦ

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教職キャリア高度化センター教育実践研究紀要第4号

ᑟࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣ,ྛᏛᰯࡸᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣦᑟࡢᕤኵࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ,Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡿ⬟ຊࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢࡀ,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡣ,㡢⠇,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒(onset-rime),㡢⣲࡜࠸ࡗࡓ༢ㄒࡢ㡢ኌⓗෆ㒊ᵓ㐀࡟ᑐࡍࡿẼ࡙ࡁࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ,᪥ᮏㄒ࡜኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿゝㄒ≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗࡓⱥㄒࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚,㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࠋⱥㄒࢆヰࡍࡇ࡜࡟ⱞປࡀ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ,5 ṓ࠿ࡽ 9 ṓࡃࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛㡢ኌ࡜⥛ࡾࡢᣦᑟࡀ୎ᑀ࡟࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢ౛ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜(᯽ᮌ࣭୰⏣, 2018),ࡑࢀࡀ᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⮬↛࡞⩦ᚓࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ,᫂♧ⓗ࡞ᣦᑟࡀᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿ࡔࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ,ㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ⬟ຊࡢᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡜,ࡑࡢྥୖࡢࡓࡵࡢ᫂♧ⓗ࡞ᣦᑟࡢ㔜せᛶ࠿ࡽ,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢᣦᑟᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜࠸,ᑠᏛᰯప࣭୰Ꮫᖺ࡟࠾
࠸࡚࠸࠿࡟㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀ㌟࡟ࡘࡃࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋϩ㸬ㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ⬟ຊ࡜㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ㸬ㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ⬟ຊㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ⬟ຊ࡜ࡣ,ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮(literacy)࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࠋඣ❺ࡀࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ఱࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ,ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡸẕㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾ࡅࡿึᮇẁ㝵ࡢᗂඣ,ⱥㄒࢆእᅜㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏேࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ㸦1㸧ẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢㄞࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚኱つᶍ࡟ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡢࡀ,National Reading Panel (2000) ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺࡲ࡛࡟,㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ(phonemic awareness),ヰࡋゝⴥ(oral language),ࣇ࢛ࢽࢵࢡࢫ
(phonics),ㄒᙡ(vocabulary),ὶᬸࡉ(fluency),ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺゎ㔘(text comprehension) ࢆ㌟࡟╔ࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ຊ࡜
ࡋࡓࠋ0 ࠿ࡽ 5 ṓࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡼࡾᗂ࠸ẕㄒヰ⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ,࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢⓎ㐩࡟ࡣ,࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺࡢᩥᏐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ▱㆑㸦ᩥᏐࡢྡ๓࡜ᩥᏐࡢ㡢ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ▱ࡿຊ㸧࡜㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢ஧ࡘࡢ⬟ຊࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓ
ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(National Early Literacy Panel, 2008)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀゝㄒ⩦ᚓึᮇẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༢ㄒ⬟ຊ,࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼(Adams, 1990),࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ⬟ຊࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(Wagner & Torgesen, 1987)ࠋㄞࡳ⬟ຊࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ,᭩ࡁ⬟ຊࢆྵࡵࡓࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ
࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ▱㆑,㡢㡩࣭㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ୺ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ (Adams, 1990) ,ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㡢ኌゝㄒᏛ⩦ࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Whitehurst & Lonigan, 2002)ࠋ

㸦2㸧᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒึᮇᏛ⩦⪅࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮᪥ᮏࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒࡢࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄪᰝࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ▱㆑,༢ㄒ▱㆑࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡜ࡋ,ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮⬟ຊࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ(࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭, 2010; 2019)ࠋ⌧≧ࡢ୰Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ,㡢㡩࣭㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀ༢ㄒࡢㄞࡳ࡟㛵ࢃࡾ,᭩࠿ࢀࡓᩥ❶ࢆࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟ㄞࢇࡔࡾ,ᮍ⩦༢ㄒࢆ᥎ࡋ࡚ㄞࢇࡔࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶ,ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⬟ຊࢆᡤᣢࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ(᯽ᮌ࣭୰⏣, 2018)ࠋ

㸬㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡜㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ ẕㄒヰ⪅࡟ࡶ᪥ᮏࡢඣ❺࡟ࡶ,㡢㡩࣭㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋḟ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵ,᪥ᮏㄒ㡢ኌࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㡢㡩࣭㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢᚲせᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ     

小学校低・中学年を対象とした音韻認識能力の指導実践

61㸦1㸧㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡣ,ヰࡋゝⴥࡀ୍ࡘࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ㡢ࡀࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ⬟ຊ(Ball &Blachman, 1991)ࡸ,ヰࡉࢀࡓゝⴥࡢ㡢ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡿ⬟ຊ(Hatcher, Hulme, & Ellis, 1994)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋụ⏣(2018)ࡣ,ࠕ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑࡜ࡣゝㄒࡢ㡢ኌᵓ㐀,≉࡟༢ㄒࡢ㡢ኌⓗෆ㒊ᵓ㐀࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤᗘࡢࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀ༢࡞ࡿ㡢ࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ⬟ຊ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ,㡢ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ࣓ࢱゝㄒ⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ(࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭, 2019)ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ⱥㄒࡢ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡣㄒ,㡢⠇,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒,㡢⣲࡬࡜኱ࡁ࡞༢఩࠿ࡽࡼࡾᑠࡉ࡞༢఩࡬࡜Ⓨ㐩ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᮧୖ, 2018)ࠋ

㸦2㸧㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ᭱ࡶᑠࡉ࠸㡢ࡢ༢఩࡛࠶ࡿ㡢⣲࡟㝈ᐃࡋࡓㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀ㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡾ,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡟ໟᣓࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟୍ࡘࡢ㡢⣲࡟ᑐࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢᩥᏐࡀᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ(❑ⷵ㸤ᮏ㛫, 2002),㡢⣲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿ㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡣ,ヰࡋゝⴥࢆ㡢⣲࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ᧯స࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡾ,≉࡟㡢⣲ࢆศ⠇(segmenting),ΰྜ(blending)ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜ᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ehri, 2006)ࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢ⬟ຊࡀ኱ࡁ࡞༢఩࠿ࡽ
ࡼࡾᑠࡉ࡞༢఩࡬࡜Ⓨ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ,㡢⠇࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃຊ࡟ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㡢⣲࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃຊࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸(࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭, 2019)ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀ㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࢆໟᣓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ,ࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢ⬟ຊࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡜⾲グࡍࡿࠋ㸬࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒ RQVHWULPH Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀ㡢⣲࡬Ẽ࡙ࡃ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅵྎ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡜࠸࠺㡢⠇ෆ㒊ᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1 㡢⠇ࡢⱥ༢ㄒࡣ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࣛ࢖࣒࡜࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢᵓ㐀࠿ࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡘࠋ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࡣ,ึࡵࡢᏊ㡢ࡸᏊ㡢ࡢ࠿ࡓࡲࡾ
ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛,ࣛ࢖࣒ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ(peak)࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ᰾ࡢẕ㡢࡜,ࢥ࣮ࢲ(coda)࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ᭱ᚋࡢᏊ㡢ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࡢ࠿ࡓ
ࡲࡾࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ(Treiman, 1983)ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ,dog ࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒࡣ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ d ࡜,ࣛ࢖࣒࡛࠶ࡿ og ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡘࠋⱥㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡍࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡣ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࣛ࢖࣒ࢆᑵᏛ๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ
(Content et. al., 1986; Bryant & Goswami, 1987),ⱥㄒࡢ㡢ኌ㠃ࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡍ࡛࡟Ẽ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ࡞࠾,⬮㡩ࡢព࿡ࡢࣛ࢖࣒(rhyme)ࡣࡼࡃΰྜࡉࢀࡿㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ,ᮏ◊✲ࡢ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ࡛グ㍕ࡍࡿࣛ࢖࣒ࡣ඲࡚ rime ࡜ࡍࡿࠋⱥㄒࡢ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒ࡣ,༙ᩘ௨ୖࡢㄒࡀ㛢㡢⠇(closed syllable)࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ⱥㄒࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛢㡢⠇࡜ࡣ,㡢⠇ࡀᏊ㡢࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛,㡢⠇ࡀẕ㡢࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㛤㡢⠇(open syllable)࡜࠸࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢㄒ࡛㛤㡢⠇ࡀ༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡣ 90㸣࡜ᅽಽⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ(❑࣭ⷵኴ⏣, 1998),㡢⠇ࡀẕ㡢࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᙜࡓࡾ๓࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏே࡟࡜
ࡗ࡚,ⱥ༢ㄒࢆ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡛ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭(2019)ࡣ,᪥ᮏேࡣ↓ព㆑࡟࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡜,⥆ࡃ᰾ࡢẕ㡢ࢆࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㸦body㸧,᭱ᚋࡢᏊ㡢࡛࠶ࡿࢥ࣮ࢲ࡟຾ᡭ࡟ẕ㡢ࢆ௜ࡅ㊊ࡋ㛤㡢⠇ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ⱥ༢ㄒࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋdog ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ/do/࡜/gu/࡜ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋϪ㸬ᣦᑟࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹⱥㄒࡢࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮⋓ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ࡀ,㛤㡢⠇ࡢㄒࡀከ࠸᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡀ↓ព㆑࡟⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㞴ࡋࡃ,ᑠᏛᰯࡢẁ㝵࠿ࡽ᫂♧ⓗ࡞ᣦᑟࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ,ᑠᏛᰯప࣭
୰Ꮫᖺࢆᑐ㇟࡟⾜ࡗࡓ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢ᫂♧ⓗᣦᑟࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᚓࡓຠᯝࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ

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教職キャリア高度化センター教育実践研究紀要第4号

㸬◊✲ෆᐜ
㸦1㸧◊✲ㄢ㢟◊✲ㄢ㢟㸦௨ୗ RQ ࡜ࡍࡿ㸧ࡣ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 2 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
RQ1㸬ᑠᏛᰯప࣭୰Ꮫᖺࡢඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿᣦᑟࡣຠᯝⓗ࠿ࠋ
RQ2㸬ᣦᑟෆ࡛ࡢඣ❺ࡢ᝟ពࡣ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡽࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࢆࡿࡓࡵࡢࢸࢫࢺ,㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢྥୖࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓᣦᑟ,ᣦᑟẖࡢඣ❺ࡢ᝟ពࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ⣬㠃ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦2㸧ཧຍ⪅➨୍➹⪅ࡀᣦᑟဨ࡜ࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡿᆅඖࡢඣ❺ࢡࣛࣈ࡟㏻࠺ᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺ 18 ྡ,୰Ꮫᖺ 6 ྡࡢィ 24 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ඲ဨᰯ༊ෆࡢබ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࡟㏻࠸,ඣ❺ࢡࣛࣈ࡟࡚㐌 1 ᅇ 30 ศ⛬ᗘࡢⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡢᣦᑟဨࡣ,ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈࢫࣆ࣮࣮࡛࢝࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫࡢ㠀ᖖ໅ㅮᖌ࡜➨୍➹⪅࡛,ᖺᗘᙜึࡣࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝ࡀ,2 Ꮫᮇ࠿ࡽࡣ➨୍➹⪅ࡀཷࡅᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀᣦᑟෆᐜࡣ,ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝ࡀ᪥ᖖ⾲⌧ࢆ౑ࡗࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡸ,ྡモ༢ㄒࡢᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠸,➨୍➹⪅ࡣ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺᣦᑟࢆḷࡸࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮏㄪᰝࡢ㛤ጞẁ㝵࡛ࡣ,඲ඣ❺ࡀ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺࡢ኱ᩥᏐ࡜ᑠᩥᏐࡢᩥᏐ࡜ㄞࡳࡀ୍⮴ࡋ,࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ୍ே࡛᭩ࡃࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

㸦3㸧ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ᣦᑟࡢ᪉ἲ
ࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ,Kirtley, Bryant, MacLean, & Bradley (1989)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ Opening Soundoddity task ࡜ End Sound oddity task ࢆ,࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭(2006)ࡀ᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅ྥࡅ࡟ Open oddity test࣭End oddity test ࡜ࡋ࡚ᨵⰋࡋ,ࡉࡽ࡟➨୍➹⪅ࡀప࣭୰Ꮫᖺ⏝࡟ၥ㢟ᩘࢆㄪ⠇ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋOpen oddity test ࡜ࡣ,3 ࡘࡢ༢ㄒࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ึࡢ㡢ࡸ㡢ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ㐪࠺ࡇ࡜ࡤࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛,3 ࡘࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀ,ࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡈ࡜࡟
6 ၥࡎࡘࡢィ 18 ၥࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓࠋ3 ࡘࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ,ࠕ(1) 3 ࡘ඲࡚ẕ㡢ࡀྠࡌࡔࡀ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺࡀ 1 ࡘ␗࡞ࡿࠖࠕ(2) 3 ࡘ඲࡚ẕ㡢ࡀ␗࡞ࡾ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺࡣ 1 ࡘ␗࡞ࡿࠖࠕ(3) 3 ࡘࡢ࠺ࡕ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺࡣ඲࡚ྠࡌࡔࡀ,ẕ㡢ࡀ 1ࡘ␗࡞ࡿࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟༊ูࡉࢀࡿࠋEnd oddity test ࡣ,3 ࡘࡢ༢ㄒࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ᚋࡢ㡢ࡸ㡢ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ㐪࠺ࡇ࡜ࡤࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛,3 ࡘࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀ,ࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡈ࡜࡟ 6 ၥࡎࡘࡢィ 18 ၥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ3 ࡘࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ,ࠕ(1) 3 ࡘ඲࡚ẕ㡢ࡀྠࡌࡔࡀ,ࢥ࣮ࢲࡀ 1 ࡘ␗࡞ࡿࠖ
ࠕ(2) 3 ࡘ඲࡚ẕ㡢ࡀ␗࡞ࡾ,ࢥ࣮ࢲࡣ 1 ࡘ␗࡞ࡿࠖ
ࠕ(3)3 ࡘࡢ࠺ࡕࢥ࣮ࢲࡣ඲࡚ྠࡌࡔࡀ,ẕ㡢ࡀ 1 ࡘ␗࡞ࡿࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟༊ูࡉࢀࡿࠋ᥇Ⅼࡣ Open oddity test ࡜ End oddity
test ࢆྜࢃࡏ,1 ၥ 1 Ⅼࡢ 36 Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᣦᑟෆࡢάືࡣ࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭(2019)ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ,ᣦᑟࡣ 1 ᅇ࡟ࡘࡁ 25 ศ㛫ᐇ᪋ࡢィ 4 ᅇ⾜ࡗࡓ(⾲ 1 ཧ↷)ࠋࣂࣛࣥ
ࢫࢺ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚,➨ 1㹼3 ᅇ࡟࣐ࢨ࣮ࢢ࣮ࢫ”Twinkle, Twinkle, Little, Star”,➨ 1,2 ᅇ࡟ࢳࣕࣥࢶ“No moremonkeys jumping on the bed.”ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥࡢάືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉࡢάື࡜ࡋ࡚➨ 1 ᅇ࡟࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡟ὀ┠ࡉࡏࡿࢤ࣮࣒,➨ 2 ᅇ࡟ࣛ࢖࣒࡟ὀ┠ࡉࡏࡿࢤ࣮࣒,➨ 3 ᅇ࡟࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺࡢ㡢ㄞࡳ,➨ 4 ᅇ࡟ࣈࣞࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢάືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡟ὀ┠ࡉࡏࡿࢤ࣮࣒ࡣᾘࡋࢦ࣒ࢤ࣮࣒࡜ࢫࢱࣥࢻ࢔ࢵࣉࢤ࣮࣒(࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ)࡛,࡝ࡕࡽࡶࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㡢⣲ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃຊࢆ㣴࠺ࠋࣛ࢖࣒࡟ὀ┠ࡉࡏࡿࢤ࣮࣒
ࡣ,ࢡࣛࢵࣉࢤ࣮࣒࡜ࢫࢱࣥࢻ࢔ࢵࣉࢤ࣮࣒(ࣛ࢖࣒)࡛,ྠᵝ࡟ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢࣛ࢖࣒ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃຊࢆ㣴࠺ࡡࡽ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣈࣞࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡣ,5 ࡘࡢ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ c, d, h, p, t ࡜,5 ࡘࡢࣛ࢖࣒ at, en, ig, ake, heat ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚㡢ኌ໬ࢆಁࡋࡓࠋᣦᑟ඲యࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋࡓ㡢⣲ࡣ/ h /, / t /, / k /, / p /, / d /࡛,ࡇࢀࡣụ⏣(2016)࡛᪥ᮏࡢඣ

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小学校低・中学年を対象とした音韻認識能力の指導実践     ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚≉ᐃࡀᅔ㞴࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᣦᑟࡢ᭱ᚋ 5 ศ㛫ࡣ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺグධ᫬㛫࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡣపᏛᖺ࡟ࡶᅇ⟅ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺,ᤵᴗࡢᴦࡋࡉ,ෆᐜ⌮ゎᗘࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 4 ௳ἲ࡛㉁ၥࡋࡓࠋ
ᴦࡋࡉ 㸲㸸࡜࡚ࡶᴦࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ,㸱㸸ᴦࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ,㸰㸸࠶ࡲࡾᴦࡋࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ,㸯㸸ᴦࡋࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
⌮ゎᗘ 㸲㸸ࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ,㸱㸸ࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ,㸰㸸ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ,㸯㸸ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

⾲ 1㸬ᣦᑟෆᐜ୍ぴ➨1ᅇᑟධ(10 ศ)

ᒎ㛤(10 ศ)ࡲ࡜ࡵ(5 ศ)ḷ”Twinkle, Twinkle, Little, Star”

ᾘࡋࢦ࣒ࢤ࣮࣒᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺࢳࣕࣥࢶ“No more monkeys jumpingࢫࢱࣥࢻ࢔ࢵࣉࢤ࣮࣒(࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ)on the bed.”➨2ᅇ

ḷ”Twinkle, Twinkle, Little, Star”

ࢡࣛࢵࣉࢤ࣮࣒ࢳࣕࣥࢶ“No more monkeys jumpingࢫࢱࣥࢻ࢔ࢵࣉࢤ࣮࣒(ࣛ࢖࣒)᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺ

on the bed.”➨3ᅇ

ḷ”Twinkle, Twinkle, Little, Star”㡢ࡢᏛ⩦(c, d, h, p, t)᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺ

༢ㄒࢆ⪺ࡁ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺࡢᩥᏐࢆ㑅ࡪࢱࢫࢡc, d, h, p, t ࡢ㡢ࢆ᚟⩦㡢ࡢᏛ⩦(at, ake, eat)➨4ᅇ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺ

࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࣛ࢖࣒ࡢࣈࣞࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢱࢫࢡ
༢ㄒࢆ⪺ࡁࠊᩥᏐࢆ㑅ࡪࢱࢫࢡ㸬ศᯒ⤖ᯝศᯒ࡟ࡣ SPSS ࡟ࡼࡿ t ᳨ᐃ࡜ከኚ㔞᳨ᐃࢆ⏝࠸,1 ᗘ࡛ࡶᤵᴗࢆḞᖍࡋࡓඣ❺ࢆ㝖ࡃ 14 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
㸦1㸧ࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡣಙ㢗ᛶࡀಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ(஦๓㸸Į = .93, ஦ᚋ㸸Į = .94)ࠋ⾲ 2 ࡣ஧ࡘࡢࢸࢫࢺ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ஧ࡘࡢᖹᆒⅬࢆẚ࡭ࡿ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࡀప࠸⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀ,t(13) = 1.75, p = .11㸼.05
࡜࡞ࡾ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋOpen oddity test ࡢࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜,ᖹᆒⅬࡀ
13.61ĺ11.71 ࡜పୗࡋ,t(14) = 2.00, p = .065㸼.05 ࡜᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋEnd oddity test ࡢࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡶ,ᖹᆒⅬࡀ 11.07ĺ10.50 ࡜పୗࡋࡓࡀ,t(13) = 2.00, p = .466㸼.05 ࡟ࡼࡾ᭷ពᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⾲ 2㸬ࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝ(N = 14)
ேᩘ᭱పⅬ

᭱㧗Ⅼ

ᖹᆒSD

ࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ

14

1236

24.71

8.93

࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺ

142

33

22.21

9.97

㸦2㸧ࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢ㡯┠ศᯒྛࢸࢫࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚༙ᩘ௨ୖࡢඣ❺ࡀ୙ṇゎࡔࡗࡓ㡯┠ࢆࣜࢫࢺ࢔ࢵࣉࡋ,⾲ 3 ࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ,࣏ࢫࢺࢸ
ࢫࢺ࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ṇ⟅⋡ࡀ 50㸣ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡣ,End oddity test ࡢ bed, bad, head ࡜ bat, kite, fight ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ

64

教職キャリア高度化センター教育実践研究紀要第4号

ࡣ୧᪉࡜ࡶࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࠕ(3)3 ࡘࡢ࠺ࡕࢥ࣮ࢲࡣ඲࡚ྠࡌࡔࡀ,ẕ㡢ࡀ 1 ࡘ␗࡞ࡿࠖ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࠋbed, bad, head ࡛ࡣࣛ࢖࣒࡬ࡢㄆ㆑,bat, kite, fight ࡛ࡣ㛗ẕ㡢࡜▷ẕ㡢ࡢ㐪࠸࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢࡳ࡛ṇ⟅⋡ࡀ50㸣ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ End oddity test ࡢၥ㢟ࡣ,㛗ẕ㡢࡜▷ẕ㡢ࢆ⪺ࡁศࡅࡿᚲせࡢ࠶ࡿ cat, map, type ࡜,/t/࡜/p/ࢆ⪺ࡁศࡅࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ pat, pipe, step ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ/t/ࡣ↓ኌṑ⣔◚⿣㡢,/p/ࡣ↓ኌ୧၁◚⿣㡢࡛࠶ࡾ,࡝ࡕࡽࡶ㡢ኌᏛୖ◚⿣㡢࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡓࡵඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⪺ࡁศࡅࡀᅔ㞴ࡔࡗࡓ࡜᥎

ࡉࢀࡿࠋ௚࡟ࡶ/t/࡜/p/ࢆ⪺ࡁศࡅࡿၥ㢟ࡀ Open oddity

test ࡢ pie, take, pin ࡛࠶ࡾ,ࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺ࡝ࡕࡽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡶ᭱ࡶṇ⟅⋡ࡢప࠸ 25㸣࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ  ⾲ 3. ṇ⟅⋡ 50㸣௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺṇ⟅⋡(㸣)࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺṇ⟅⋡(㸣)hid, bead, read31

pie, take, pin

25

like, ride, tide38

cup, tap, type30

bed, bad, head38

bed, bad, head30

seek, kick, trick44

tape, head, heal

35

bat, kite, fight44

head, hate, hen

40pet, pale, pain

47bat, kite, fight40

top, red, word

50

hot, dip, heat45

pat, pipe, step

50

cap, map, type50

୧ࢸࢫࢺࡢ௚ࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ(3)ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡶṇ⟅⋡ࡢᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋpig, pin, pot (Open oddity test) ࡸ take, make, talk(End oddity test) ࡢ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡜⥆ࡃẕ㡢ࢆࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚⪺࠸ࡓ᫬࡟㐪࠸ࡀฟࡿ༢ㄒࡣṇ⟅⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ,pet, pale,pain (Open oddity test) ࡸ head, hate, hen (End oddity test) ࡢࡼ࠺࡟,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡜⥆ࡃẕ㡢ࢆࢭࢵࢺ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ㐪࠸ࡀศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸,ࡘࡲࡾ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡛⪺ࡃࡇ࡜࡛㐪࠸ࡀฟࡿ༢ㄒࡣṇ⟅⋡ࡀప࠸ࠋhead, hate, hen ࡔ࡜,࣊ࢵࢻ,࣊࢖ࢺ,࣊ࣥ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ,඲࡚ he (࣊) ࡛ጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡓ,㛤㡢⠇ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡿ࣎ࢹ࢕࣭ࢥ࣮ࢲ࡛ⱥ༢ㄒࢆᤊ࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

㸦3㸧᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢศᯒ
ᣦᑟࡢᴦࡋࡉࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢ᥎⛣ࡀᅗ㸯࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖹᆒ್ࡀ 4 ẁ㝵୰ 3.15 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋẁ㝵ࡈ࡜࡟ࡑࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢࡿ࡜,➨
1 ᅇࡀ 3.1,➨ 2 ᅇࡀ 3.4,➨ 3 ᅇࡀ 2.8,➨ 4 ᅇࡀ 3.3 ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖹᆒ್ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀᩘ್ 3 ࡢࠕᴦࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ௨ୖ࡛,ᩘ್ 4 ࡢࠕ࡜࡚ࡶᴦࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜⟅࠼ࡿඣ❺ࡶ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᴦࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋᅗ
2 ࡣᣦᑟࡢ⌮ゎᗘࡢ᥎⛣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ F(3, 24) = 2.62, p = 0.74, Ș2 = .247 ࡟ࡼࡾ᭷ពഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋᖹᆒ್
ࡣ 4 ẁ㝵୰ 3.2 ࡛࠶ࡾ,ẁ㝵ࡈ࡜ࡢ᥎⛣ࡣ,➨ 1 ᅇࡀ 2.8,➨ 2 ᅇࡀ 3.1,➨ 3 ᅇࡀ 3.2,➨ 4 ᅇࡀ 3.7 ࡛࠶ࡾ,ᣦᑟᅇᩘࢆ
㔜ࡡࡿࡈ࡜࡟ୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ

65

小学校低・中学年を対象とした音韻認識能力の指導実践     



4



3.5



32.5


յյ

յ

1յ

յ



2յ

3յ4յ



       ᅗ 1㸬ᣦᑟࡢᴦࡋࡉࡢ᥎⛣            ᅗ 2㸬ᣦᑟࡢ⌮ゎᗘࡢ᥎⛣㸬⪃ᐹ
㸦1㸧RQ1 ࡢ⪃ᐹ ࠕᑠᏛᰯప࣭୰Ꮫᖺࡢඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿᣦᑟࡣຠᯝⓗ࠿ࠖ࡟⟅࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟,Open odditytest,End oddity test,4 ᅇࡢ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡜㡢ࡢΰྜ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓᣦᑟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ,᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ,Open oddity test ࡜ End oddity test ࡢ୧᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢᖹᆒ್ࡀపୗࡋ,ࡑࡢࡓࡵྜィⅬࡢᖹᆒ್ࡶప
ୗࡋࡓࠋ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿཎᅉࡣ,ཧຍ⪅ࡢேᩘࡢᑡ࡞ࡉ࠿ࡽ᭷ពᕪࡀฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜,ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ㈇ᢸࡀ኱
ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜,ᣦᑟ࡜ࢸࢫࢺࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ୙༑ศࡔࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦᑟࡢຠᯝࢆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ᪤⩦༢ㄒ,ᮍ⩦༢ㄒࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࢸࢫࢺసᡂࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ,ᣦᑟᅇᩘࡀ 4 ᅇ࡜㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛,༢ㄒࢆ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡛ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᣦᑟࡸ,㛗ẕ㡢࡜▷ẕ㡢ࡢᣦᑟࡀ༑ศ࡟࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋṇ⟅⋡ࡀ 50㸣ࢆୗᅇࡿၥ㢟ࡢከࡃࡀ,bed,bad, head (End oddity test) ࡸ pet, pale, pain (Open oddity test),head, hate, hen (End oddity test) ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡛༢ㄒࢆᤊ࠼࡞࠸࡜㐪࠸࡟Ẽ࡙ࡅ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ,bat, kite, fight (End oddity test) ࡸcat, map, type (End oddity test) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞,㛗ẕ㡢࡜▷ẕ㡢ࡢ㐪࠸࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃၥ㢟ࡢㄗ⟅ࡶ┠❧ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ௚ࢸࢫࢺࡢ
㡯┠ศᯒ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣ,༢ㄒࢆ⪺࠸ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟/t/࡜/p/ࢆ⪺ࡁศࡅࡿࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺஦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ஫࠸࡟◚⿣㡢࡛࠶ࡿ/t/࡜/p/ࡣ,ࡼࡾὀពࡋ࡚㡢ࡢᣦᑟࡀᚲせࡔࠋᐇ㝿࡟Ⓨ㡢ࢆಁࡋ,◚⿣ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤࡢ㐪࠸࡟Ẽ࡙࠿ࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞᫂♧ⓗᣦᑟࡶຠᯝⓗࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㸦2㸧RQ2 ࡢ⪃ᐹࠕᣦᑟෆ࡛ࡢඣ❺ࡢ᝟ពࡣ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࠿ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚,ẁ㝵ࡈ࡜࡟ࡑࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢࡿ࡜,➨
1 ᅇࡀ 3.1,➨ 2 ᅇࡀ 3.4,➨ 3 ᅇࡀ 2.8,➨ 4 ᅇࡀ 3.3 ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ➨ 3 ᅇࡢᣦᑟ࡛ᴦࡋࡉࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗࡓཎᅉࡣ,ᣦᑟእࡢ
せᅉࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ᪥ࡣ,Ꮫᰯ࠿ࡽࡢᐟ㢟࡟ⱞᡓࡍࡿඣ❺ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓୖ࡟,ඣ❺ࢡࣛࣈഃࡢၥ㢟࡛ⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗࡀࢲࣈࣝࣈࢵ࢟ࣥࢢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ,඲యࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᖹᆒ
್ࡀ 4 ẁ㝵୰ 3.15 ࡛࠶ࡾ,࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ⏕ᚐࡀࠕᴦࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ
ࠕ࡜࡚ࡶᴦࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ,ᣦᑟࡢᴦࡋ
ࡉࡣୖ㝈࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋᣦᑟࡢ⌮ゎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ,ᖹᆒ್ࡀ 4 ẁ㝵୰ 3.2 ࡜㧗ࡃ,ᅇࢆ㏣࠺ࡈ࡜࡟⌮ゎᗘࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 1 ᅇࡢᤵᴗࡣึࡵ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᏛ⩦άື࡟ᡞᝨ࠺ጼࡶぢࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ,⌮ゎᗘࡀ 2.8 ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ,➨ 4 ᅇࡢ⌮ゎᗘࡣ 3.7 ࡜࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢඣ❺ࡀࠕ࡜࡚ࡶࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜⟅࠼ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ,ࡓࡗࡓ 4 ᅇࡢᣦᑟࡢ୰࡛ࡶᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀᏛ⩦ෆᐜ࡟័ࢀ࡚࠸ࡁ,ከࡃࡢඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎྍ⬟࡞ᣦᑟෆᐜ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡇ
࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋᣦᑟ࡜ࢸࢫࢺࡢ஋㞳ࡸ,ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࡀཎᅉ࡜࡞ࡾ,ࢸࢫࢺ࡛㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢྥୖࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗ

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教職キャリア高度化センター教育実践研究紀要第4号

ࡓࡀ,㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓᣦᑟෆᐜࡣඣ❺࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋϫ㸬௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ᒎᮃ
බ❧Ꮫᰯ࡟㏻࠺ᑠᏛᰯప࣭୰Ꮫᖺࡢඣ❺ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ,≉࡟ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㈇ᢸࡀ
࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺ,࣏ࢫࢺࢸࢫࢺࡣ 40 ศ࡯࡝ࡢ᫬㛫ࢆせࡋ,ࢸࢫࢺෆᐜࡶᣦᑟෆᐜ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ぶࡋࡳࡢ࡞࠸㞴᫆ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ᮶࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡇࢀ࠿ࡽㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࢆᮏ᱁ⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ㧗Ꮫᖺ,ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࡑࡢ‽ഛࢆᅛࡵࡿព࿡࡛୰Ꮫᖺࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ,పᏛᖺࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ௨ୖඣ❺࡬ࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࢸࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ,4 ᅇ࡜࠸࠺㝈ࡽࢀࡓᣦᑟ࡛ඣ❺ࡓࡕࡢ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊ࡟ኚ໬ࡀฟࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ≉࡟,ඣ❺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒ࡢㄆ㆑ࡣ,௒ᅇ⾜ࡗࡓ▷᫬㛫ࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ᪥ᖖⓗ࡟⥅⥆ࡉࡏ࡚⾜࠺࡭ࡁࡔࠋᤵᴗࡢึࡵࡸ,ᮅࡢ఍࣭ᖐࡾࡢ఍ࡢ 5 ศ㛫ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞άື࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡛ⱥ༢ㄒࢆ⪺ࡃⒷࢆᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺⩦័ⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࡼ࠸ࠋࡲࡓ,㡢ࡢ᧯సࢆࡉࡏࡿ⏘ฟⓗ࡞ࢱࢫࢡࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚,࢜ࣥࢭࢵࢺ࣭ࣛ࢖࣒࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㛗ẕ㡢࡜▷ẕ㡢ࡣ,ࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡔࡅ࡞ࡃ,Ⓨ㡢⦎⩦ࡸ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ࡼࡿㄝ᫂ࡶ஺࠼࡚,⪺ࡇ࠼᪉,ㄞࡳ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࢆタࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛,࣓ࢱゝㄒⓗ࡞⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟,௒ᚋࡣ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞どⅬࢆᣢࡕ,ཷᐜⓗ࡞㡢ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࡸ,⏘ฟⓗ࡞㡢⣲᧯సࡢࢱࢫࢡ࡞࡝ࡢ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉࡢᣦᑟ࡜,ࡼࡾ㛗ᮇ㛫ࢆせࡍࡿ⤮ᮏࡸḷ,࣐ࢨ࣮ࢢ࣮ࢫ࡞࡝ࡢ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉࡢᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛,ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢ㡢㡩ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵ,ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᇶ♏సࡾ࡟㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋϬ㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ᮏ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 2020 ᖺᗘࡣᏛᰯࡀఇᰯ࡟࡞ࡾ,Ꮫᰯ࡬ࡢ௓ධࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸≧ἣࡢ୰,ᛌࡃ༠ຊࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓඣ❺ࢡࣛࣈࡢඛ⏕᪉,ඣ❺,ಖㆤ⪅ࡢⓙᵝ࡬ࡢឤㅰࡢពࢆࡇࡇ࡟⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋϭ㸬ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭ගỤ (2010).ࠗᑠᏛᰯⱥㄒࡢᩍ⫱ἲʊ⌮ㄽ࡜ᐇ㊶࠘኱ಟ㤋᭩ᗑ࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭ගỤ (2019).ࠗᑠᏛᰯⱥㄒࡢᩥᏐᣦᑟʊࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᣦᑟࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜ᐇ㊶࠘ᮾி᭩⡠.
࢔ࣞࣥ⋢஭ගỤ࣭ἅ⃝⣒ (2006).ࠕᑠᏛ⏕ࡢ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ▱㆑࡜㡢⣲ㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࠗJACET ඲ᅜ኱఍せ⥘࠘45, 271–272.
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௜グᇳ➹ࡣᮏᩥࢆ➨୍➹⪅ࡀᇳ➹ࡋ,➨஧➹⪅ࡣ,⤫ィศᯒཬࡧᮏᩥࡢᰯṇ➼ࢆ㔜Ⅼⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ