MAGLEV'2002 Contents

1

MAGLEV'2002 ......................................................................................................... 3
MESSAGES FROM THE CHAIRMEN.......................................................................... 3
International Steering Committee Chairman............................................................... 3
Conference Chairmen...................................................................................................... 3
Scientific Conference and Logistic Chairmen ............................................................ 4
CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE............................................................ 5
Conference Chairmen...................................................................................................... 5
Scientific Program Chairman......................................................................................... 5
Conference Logistic Chairmen ...................................................................................... 5
Conference Scientific Committee ................................................................................. 5
Secretariat Staff ................................................................................................................ 5
Web-Site Manager........................................................................................................... 5
INTERNATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE ........................................................... 6
International Steering Committee Chairman............................................................... 6
Members ............................................................................................................................ 6
Secretariat .......................................................................................................................... 7
Web-Sites .......................................................................................................................... 7
THE CITY OF LAUSANNE............................................................................................. 8
Weather............................................................................................................................ 10
Travel ............................................................................................................................... 10
Accommodation ............................................................................................................. 10
CONFERENCE INFORMATION .................................................................................. 12
Language ......................................................................................................................... 12
Proceedings..................................................................................................................... 12
E-mail Connection......................................................................................................... 12
Personal Invitation ......................................................................................................... 12
Lunches............................................................................................................................ 12
Registration Information............................................................................................... 12
Registration Desk........................................................................................................... 12
Registration Fees ............................................................................................................ 13
Payment ........................................................................................................................... 13
Bank Transfer ................................................................................................................. 13
Cancellation..................................................................................................................... 13
Confirmation of registration......................................................................................... 14
SOCIAL PROGRAMME.................................................................................................. 15
Get Acquainted Party at the CIO Museum (International Olympic Committee)
September 3, evening .................................................................................................... 15
Gala Dinner, September 4, evening ............................................................................ 15
Visits and Sightseeing................................................................................................... 15

MAGLEV'2002 Contents

2

PLENARY SESSION 1 - TOPIC 1 - 08.20................................................................... 18
PLENARY SESSION 2 - TOPICS 1, 2, 3 - 08.00 ....................................................... 20
PLENARY SESSION 3 - TOPICS 3, 8, 9, 10 - 08.00................................................. 22
LECTURE SESSION 1A - TOPIC 1 - 10.20................................................................ 25
LECTURE SESSION 2A - TOPIC 1 - 13.40................................................................ 27
LECTURE SESSION 3A - TOPIC 1 - 16.20................................................................ 29
LECTURE SESSION 1B - TOPIC 7 - 10.20 ................................................................ 33
LECTURE SESSION 2B - TOPIC 7 - 13.40 ................................................................ 35
LECTURE SESSION 3B - TOPIC 7 - 16.20 ................................................................ 38
LECTURE SESSION 4A - TOPICS 1, 2 - 10.20 ......................................................... 41
LECTURE SESSION 5A - TOPIC 2 - 13.40................................................................ 43
LECTURE SESSION 6A - TOPICS 2, 10 - 16.20 ....................................................... 46
LECTURE SESSION 4B - TOPIC 5 - 10.20 ................................................................ 49
LECTURE SESSION 5B - TOPIC 5 - 13.40 ................................................................ 51
LECTURE SES SION 6B - TOPIC 5 - 16.20 ................................................................ 54
LECTURE SESSION 7A - TOPIC 3 - 10.20................................................................ 57
LECTURE SESSION 8A - TOPICS 3, 8 - 13.40 ......................................................... 59
LECTURE SESSION 9A - TOPIC 8 - 16.20................................................................ 62
LECTURE SESSION 7B - TOPICS 4, 6 - 10.20 ......................................................... 65
LECTURE SESSION 8B –TOPICS 4, 9 - 13.40.......................................................... 67
LECTURE SESSION 9B - TOPIC 9 - 16.20 ................................................................ 70

MAGLEV'2002 Conference

3

MAGLEV'2002
The 17th International Conference on
Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
www.maglev2002.ch
September 3-6, 2002
MESSAGES FROM THE CHAIRMENInternational Steering Committee Chairman
After three decades of developments, the Maglev transportation systems aregoing to be practically utilized in Europe, U.S.A. and Japan in theforthcoming century, as the high-speed, friendly to environment andcomfortable mean. MAGLEV 2002 in Lausanne is aimed to present theexisting industrialization status, the marketing and social aspects, andevaluations as a high-speed transportation system on the MAGLEV system,
as well as its component technologies and partially realized systems. The
exchange of information, technical and sociolo gical views, and opinions on
the strategies of industrialization and marketing, between worldwide
specialists will promote and develop a way to introduce practicalapplications.
As the first MAGLEV conference in the 21st century, I strongly expect
participation of experts from authorities and operating companies oftransportation systems, as well as specialists who have been engaged with
the MAGLEV technology and its developments, to MAGLEV 2002 for the
animated discussion on practical utilization.
Prof. E. Masada
Science University, Tokyo, Japan

Conference Chairmen
After Germany MAGLEV 1995, Japan MAGLEV 1998 and Brazil
MAGLEV 2000, Europe and more particularly, Lausanne on the Geneva
Lake is proud to organize MAGLEV 2002, which will be held at the Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology.
Approximately 4700 students, including more than 600 doctoral candidates
and over 300 participants in postgraduate courses, are studying at the SwissMAGLEV'2002 Conference4

Federal Institute of Technology. 210 professors and 2400 scientific,
technical and administrative staff are committed to 12 teaching andresearch disciplines: civil engineering, rural engineering, mechanicalengineering, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, mathematics,
material sciences and engineering, architecture, computer science, microengineering and communication systems. The Swiss Federal Institute canoffer facilities to organize symposium up to 1000 people.
Lausanne, city of Europe, town of culture and leisure, has many assets to
attract the visitor. We are thus delighted to welcome you in Lausanne andmake you discover its attraction. We are sure that you will let yourselvesconquer by its charm and its beauty and that you will like it as we like it
more each day.
We are looking forward to see you at the MAGLEV 2002 conference andwe shall hope you will enjoy the conference and the country encouraging
you to stay some time longer.
Prof. M. Jufer, Vice President
Prof. A. Rufer
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne

Scientific Conference and Logistic Chairmen
The objectives of "MAGLEV'2002 - The 17th International Conference on
Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives" are to present anddiscuss the state of the art of the social, environment, economical, scientificand technical aspects of high speed MAGLEV and urban passenger
transportation systems and the latest developments on magnetic levitation,
linear motors, as well as electromagnetic propellers and industrial
applications. MAGLEV'2002 will consist of two major parts:
MAGLEV'2002 Conference: Presentation of the papers, dedicated to
specialists of the different concerned fields;
EPFL - CERN Visit Day: Visits of EPFL laboratories and CERN in Geneva
is proposed.
Dr. A. Cassat
P. Germano
Scientific Conference Chairman
Logistic Chairman
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, LausanneOrganization of MAGLEV'2002

5

CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Conference Chairmen
M. Jufer (*), A. Rufer (*)

Scientific Program Chairman
A. Cassat (*)

Conference Logistic Chairmen
A. Cassat (*), P. Germano (*)(*) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of ElectricalEngineering, Lausanne, Switzerland

Conference Scientific Committee
V. Bourquin
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
A. Cassat
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
T. Chevroulet Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
S. Colombi
Invertomatic Technology SA, Switzerland
F. Gaille
Les Electriciens Romands, Switzerland
B. Kawkabani Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
N. Macabrey GESTE SA, Switzerland
R. Mantilleri GESTE SA, Switzerland
M. Mossi
GESTE SA, Switzerland
M. Rosenmayr Hella KG Hueck & Co, Germany
P. Rossel
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
J. Sandtner
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
A. Schammass Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Y. Trottet
Bonnard & Gardel SA, Switzerland
D. Vernez
University of Lausanne, Switzerland
R. Wetter
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

Secretariat Staff
N. Germano
N. Jufer
M. Refondini
F. Vionnet

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

Web-Site Manager
R. Zoia

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

Organization of MAGLEV'2002
INTERNATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEEInternational Steering Committee Chairman
E. Masada

University of Tokyo
Faculty of Science & Technology
Department of Electrical Engineering

Members
BrazilCanadaEnglandFranceGermanyJapan

Hong Kong
Italy
Switzerland

USA

R. Nicolsky
K. Vollenwyder
R. Goodall
G. Coquery
D. Rogg
U. Henning
W. Rothengatter
M. Wackers
M. Witt
A. SekiM. Fujino
K.-I. Kaminishi
D. Ebihara
T. Eastham
A. Morini
H. Bleuler
A. Cassat
M. Jufer
P. Keller
R. Nieth
M. Mossi
M.R. Dysart
R. Krishnan
E. Leung
R. F. Post
D. M. Rote
P. Wilkins

6Organization of MAGLEV'2002

7

Secretariat
MAGLEV'2002
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Department of Electric al Engineering
EPFL-STI-IPR-LAI (Old EPFL-DE-LEME)
CH-1015 LausannePhone: ++41 21 693 26 91
Fax: ++41 21 693 26 87
E-mail: maglev2002@epfl.ch

Web-Sites
Conference Site :http://www.maglev2002.ch
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology: http://www.epfl.ch
Lausanne Tourism Office:http://www.lausanne-tourisme.ch

The City of Lausanne

8

THE CITY OF LAUSANNE
Overlooking lake Geneva and facing the majestic splendor of the snowcapped Alps, the city of Lausanne boasts a backdrop of scenic beauty thatis truly breathtaking.
With a population of 120.000 and being the center of a metropolitan area of
280'000 including 80'000 international residents, Lausanne disposes ofbusiness, cultural, sports and educational facilities that are truly remarkablefor a city of its size.
Only 45 minutes from Geneva-Cointrin Airport (by train or car), Lausanneis at the junction of major motorway and rail arteries. Every 30 minutes, forexample, trains depart for all of Switzerland's major cities -with easy
connections to more remote areas. It takes less than 4 hours to go to Parisor Milan, and trains leave 3 to 8 times a day.
A superb transportation system, state-of-the-art facilities and professional
meeting services draw numerous seminars and conventions to Lausanneeach year.
Lausanne was officially named Olympic Capital in June 1994, a unique andprestigious title awarded by the International Olympic Committee (IOC),
headquartered in Lausanne since 1915. Each year, the city hosts the world's
top athletes during international competitions.
Lausanne is very popular among students, with its numerous private
schools and the country's largest university campus of the Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology (EPFL) and the University of Lausanne. The
excellent reputation of postgraduate institutions such as the Institute forManagement Development (IMD) extends far beyond national borders.
The 16 museums and collections stage more than 50 exhibitions a year,
from dinosaurs to contemporary art. Each month, more than 100 stage andopera productions, concerts and variety shows fill theatres and auditoriums
across the city.
Lausanne is a city that has managed to preserve its human scale. Its warmth
has enabled it to combine what otherwise would be irreconcilable: variety
and intimacy.
Sightseeing in Lausanne and Surroundings
The Lake Geneva (or Lake Leman) region is characterized by a great
geographical diversity. It deserves the reputation of being 'Switzerland inminiature". Indeed, it offers the peaceful shores of the Lake Geneva, thegentle wooded slopes of the Jura, the lush green fields of the countryside as
well as the snow-capped peaks of the Alps.
From Coppet to Villeneuve, the gentle landscape and mild climate attracts
the traveler.

The City of Lausanne

9

The aristocratic charm of Coppet Main Street is enchanting while the sightof the castle takes one back to the age when Madame de Stael received theintellectual elite at that time.
Nyon has many cultural events to offer as well as its remarkable History
and Porcelain Museum, which displays some of the splendid tiles produced
by its erstwhile works.
The "pintes" -or country pubs -discretely scattered among the vineyards ofthe lakeside slopes known as 'La Côte", are waiting to welcome the traveler
with many local specialties in a typical setting. Rolle and Morges have theshadow of their castles to offer, bearing witness to a noble past. Just a few
miles from Lausanne, beyond the "côteaux de Lavaux" of wine-producing
fame, lie Vevey and Montreux, festival towns which are really worth a visit
for their mild climate and the reputation of their international events. In
1999, as every 25 years, a. special "Fête des Vignerons" will take place in
Vevey, a celebration of the wine and of the men who work at the vineyards.
Near Montreux, the traveler has to cast an admiring glance over the
towering ramparts of the Château de Chillon" which was made a legend by
the poem "The Prisoner of Chillon" written by Lord Byron in 1816.
While the Alpine and Rural resorts have the most modern facilities, they
have also managed to preserve their traditional architecture so that, just a
few minutes from the main European highway network, they can offer thevisitor a chance to "escape" to a most agreeable mountain village
atmosphere.
The countryside between the Jura and the Alps provides a setting for sometruly rural tourism. There, the visitor will discover villages with typicalfarms as well as many museums that reflect the multiple facets of local
craft trade. The southern shores of the lake of Neuchâtel will fascinate thenature lover with is natural reserve at "Chateau de Champittet", its
signposted hiking paths and its study programs.
One might also visit the thermal baths at Yverdon-les-Bains and benefit
from its sulfur baths and their curative effects.
The "Vallee de Joux", with its cozy atmosphere, varied landscape and its
temperate climate is ideal for practicing water sports and observing theprotected flora and fauna. So, combined in a relatively small area, thesevarious venues are calm, harmonious and well balanced, That is why the
local people like living here and visitors enjoy their stay,
For more information, do not hesitate to contact the Lausanne Tourist
Office and Convention Bureau. Phone: +(41)-21-613-7321.

The City of Lausanne

10

Weather
The climate in Lausanne should be very pleasant at the time the conference
takes place (September), We expect rather warm days with a temperature in
the range of 22-28°C; however rain could occur at this time of the year.

TravelTrain
It is the most efficient way of transportation to travel across the country (in3-4 hours, you can reach almost any part of Switzerland). The major traintransport authority in Switzerland is the CFF (Chemin de Fer Fédéraux).
Most Swiss train stations have information counters where the traveler canfind all the help he needs regarding the train schedule and special discountinformation. There are many regional trains that may be used for local
transportation In the vicinity of Lausanne; Just check for details at
Lausanne main train station.
Metro in LausanneTwo lines :From downtown to the train station and to Ouchy (Lausanne harbor on lake
Geneva);From downtown to Renens (town west of Lausanne) train station, taking
you across the University of Lausanne and EPFL campus. This means oftransportation is the most efficient way to get to the conference location.
Metro trains are normally scheduled every 10 minutes.
TL: Public Transportation in Lausanne (bus)A pass for the whole week is available at the desk of the conference(included in the full registration fees). To travel with TL transportation andmetro lines before being registered at the conference desk, please use yourconfirmation of registration as ticket (valid for your first trip to theconference).
Taxi
Current day time is 5.40 to 6.20 CHF (initial charge) + 2.- to 2.60 CHF/km,
inside the city limits and 3.- to 3.20, outside the city limits. Some extra
charge may apply for night or weekend transportation.

Accommodation
Room will be allocated on a first come, first served basis. We therefore
strongly recommend you to register as early as possible. Reservations havebeen made for the conference period. If you would like to extend yourreservation we will do our best to help you. Please note: The registration
deadline for hotel reservations is July 19, 2002. After this date we are only
able to confirm hotel accommodation on an availability basis due to theThe City of Lausanne

11strong demand in Lausanne. Please note that we cannot guarantee hotel
accommodation after this deadline.
Reservations must be guaranteed by a credit card. In case of no show etc.
without prior notice to the Secretariat, you will be charged for one night.
Further information will be enclosed with the letter of confirmation of theregistration.

Conference Information

12

CONFERENCE INFORMATION
Language
The working language of the Conference is English, which will be used forall printed material, presentation and discussion.

Proceedings
Proceedings on CD-Rom will be published and handed out to theparticipants at the conference. Proceedings are included in the fullregistration fee. Participants will be able to consult the CD-ROM on site in
the EPFL. A special computer room will be opened for this activity. In
order to prepare the conference, the participants will be able to read theabstracts of the conference on our web site some weeks beforehand.

E-mail Connection
To be able to consult your E-mail during the conference, you will have thepossibility to connect to the net and read or send E-mail. Please note thatyour POP Account and your Password are needed if you want to use thistool.

Personal Invitation
If a personal invitation to attend the conference is required, please contact
the Conference Secretariat.

Lunches
Lunches will be served each day at the times shown in the programme. One
lunch ticket for each day is included in the full registration fee. Tickets will
be provided at registration and must be presented for service.

Registration Information
The registration form can be obtained on the conference web-site
http://www.maglev2002.ch

Registration Desk
The Registration Desk and Conference Secretariat in EPFL will open as
indicated in the MAGLEV'2002 - Time Table.
The Registration Desk will be situated at: EPFL - La Coupole, front of CO2
Auditorium.

Conference Information

13

Registration Fees
The full registration fee includes admittance to all sessions , one CDROM,
lunches and coffee during the conference, the Get Acquainted Party and theConference Banquet.
The full registration fee is CHF 760.- before July 8, 2002, CHF 820.before August 15, 2002 and 930.- CHF on the Conference Site.
Please observe that both the registration form and the fee must be received
by the Conference Secretariat before 8 July 2002 to obtain the lowest fee.
For all payments received after this date, including on-site registration, thehigher fees apply. For accompanying persons and students additional
tickets for the reception and the conference banquet can be ordered with theregistration form. Lunch tickets for accompanying can be bought at theconference site.
Please note: The registration deadline for hotel reservations is July 19,
2002. After this date we are only able to confirm hotel accommodation on
an availability basis. We therefore strongly recommend you to register as
early as possible.

Payment
Payment should be remitted in Swiss Francs (CHF). Bank, currency andtransfer charges are the responsibility of the payee. Please ensure theorganizer is paid the full amount due, and state the name(s) of theparticipant(s) clearly on all payment.

Bank Transfer
Payment can also be made using credit cards. Please fill in the requested
information on the registration form.

Cancellation
Cancellation must be sent in writing by the conference secretariat.
Cancellations received prior to July 8, 2002 will be subject to CHF 100.administration charge. For cancellations received after this date theregistration fees are non-refundable. Substitutes will be accepted at any
time.
Cancellation terms for the pre-conference tours:
No cancellation fee for cancellations received before July 8, 2002.
Cancellations received after this date will not be refunded.
All tours are based on a minimum number of participants. If a tour has tobe cancelled due to low numbers of participants, the tour fee will be
refunded in full.

Conference Information

14

Refunds will be processed immediately after the conference.

Confirmation of registration
Confirmation of your registration, including hotel and other reservations,registration details, information regarding transport to and from the airport
etc. will be sent to all registered participants at the end of July/beginning ofAugust 2002 and then as registrations arrive.

Social Programme

15

SOCIAL PROGRAMME
Get Acquainted Party at the CIO Museum (International
Olympic Committee) September 3, evening
To welcome you at MAGLEV'2002 Conference, we invite you to a cocktail
at the CIO Museum, location of the International Olympic Committee. The
Authority of the city of Lausanne will offer the city wine at this reception.
Participants will have the opportunity to visit the Museum during the
cocktail.

Gala Dinner, September 4, evening
May we recommend you the Conference Gala Dinner at the Hotel BeauRivage Palace, located in Lausanne-Ouchy on the banks of Geneva Lake.
The hotel is one of the world's most prestigious hotels. A jazz orchestra willaccompany us. Everything will be prepared for you to enjoy yourself ingood company and a cheerful atmosphere.

Visits and Sightseeing
A Visit and Sightseeing Programme is presented on the MAGLEV'2002
Web-site: www.maglev2002.ch

Topics

16

Topic 1 MAGLEV - World Wide High Speed Industrial
Developments and Projects
1.1
1.2
1.3

Scientific, Technical And Industrialization Status
Social, Environmental And Ecological Aspects - Eco Balances
Comparisons: Evaluations Of High Speed Systems (MAGLEV
versus TGV, Air Traffic)

Topic 2 MAGLEV - New Ideas
2.1
2.2

Scientific, Technical And Industrialization Status
Marketing, Political And Financial Aspects

Topic 3 URBAN TRANSPORTS (Linear
Industrial Developments and Projects
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

Propulsion)-

Scientific, Technical And Industrialization Status
Marketing, Political And Financial Aspects
Environmental And Ecological Aspects - Eco Balances
Comparisons: Evaluations With Classical Systems

Topic 4 MAGLEV - Power Supply Strategy
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

Ground Power Supply Network to Local Power Network
Power Transformation Station
Power Supply for Propulsion
Energy Balance

Topic 5 MAGLEV - Vehicle - Guide way - Infrastructure
5.1
5.2
5.3

Vehicle and Spatial Integration Designs
Aerodynamic Behavior And Aerodynamic Impacts On Design
Constraints
Dynamic Mechanical Resonance And Vibrations, Speed And
Frequency Limits

Topic 6 MAGLEV And HSTS - Safety And Operation Control
Topic 7 Propulsion And Linear Motors: Motors And Controls
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

Scientific and Technical Developments
Transport System Applications
Industrial Applications
Propulsion: Magnetic Hydrodynamic

Topics

17

Topic 8 Magnetic Levitation and Guidance: Transducers And
Controls
8.1
8.2
8.3

Electromagnetic Levitation (EML or EMS) and GuidanceElectrodynamics Levitation (EDL or EDS) and GuidanceSuper Conducting Quantum Levitation (SQL)

Topic 9 Transfer Of Energy To A Vehicle And On Board
Energy Supply
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5

Scientific and Technical Developments
High Speed Transport System Applications (Transfer With And
Without Mechanical Contacts)
Low Speed Transport System Applications (Transfer Without
Mechanical Contacts)
Industrial Applications (Transfer Without Mechanical Contacts)
Fuel Cells, Super Condensators

Topic 10 Magnetic Bearings - Typical Industrial Applications
10.1 Passive Magnetic Bearings
10.2 Active Magnetic Bearings
10.3 Super Conducting Magnetic Bearing (SMB)

Indentification of the papers: PPTTsnn
TT
topic number 01 to 10ssubtopic (.1 to .5)nnpaper number (01 to 99)

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Plenary Sessions - CO1

18

PLENARY SESSION 1 - TOPIC 1 - 08.20
Chairmen: M. Jufer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
R. Nieth, Swissmetro SA, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Masada, Science University of Tokyo, Japan
PP01109

The Status of the Development and the Running testsof the JR-MAGLEV

Akio SEKI, Hitoshi TSURUGA, Akihiko INOUE, Kan-ichiro
KAMINISHI, Haruo IKEDA, Tsutomu FURUKI
Central Japan Railway Company, Tokyo, Japan and Railway
Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, JapanThe running test of the JR-MAGLEV has been conducted for six years
in order to confirm long-term reliability and durability. In addition, thedevelopments of technologies for cost reduction and improvement of
aerodynamic characteristics have been carrying on. New type vehicles,
which are adopted the results of the developments to improve thesetechnical subjects, will be introduced to the Yamanashi MAGLEV
Test line in this summer. New shape sidewalls with improved groundcoils and high efficient power converters for cost reduction, will be
introduced to the test line in this autumn. This paper deals with thestatus of the running tests on the test line and the developments oftechnology to be carried out.
Keywords: High speed, MAGLEV, running tests, super conducting.

PP01201

Transrapid Super Speed MAGLEV Technology

Manfred Wackers
Transrapid International GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany
It is widely recognized in industrialized nations that only modern, fast,
attractive, track– bound transportation is capable of alleviating thepressure on existing transportation networks. Ever increasing
globalization and urbanization tendencies demand transportation
solutions which are capable both of relieving traffic density between
metropolitan areas and of reducing existing and potential
environmental damage. The Magnetic Levitation rail technology
developed by Transrapid International offers a solution to the manifold
challe nges presented by urban development and population sprawl.

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Plenary Sessions - CO1
PP0111219

On the Development Strategy of the High-Speed
MAGLEV in China

Yan Luguang
Institute of Electrical Engineering, The Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
High-speed MAGLEV with 500km/h operational velocity can be used
for practical passenger transport in the first part of 21st century. Basedon the detailed analysis of the international progress and serious
discussion, a development strategy in China was suggested. The paper
describes the main past achievements and future work from the pointof view of the development strategy.
Keywords: Development Strategy, High-speed MAGLEV, LongDistance Line Feasibility, Shanghai demonstration line.

PP01205

Swissmetro : Strategy and Development Stages

Michele Mossi
GESTE Engineering SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
The studies carried out these last 10 years show that Swissmetro has
all the potential to become a technological product fully satisfying the
expectations of the new markets of high-speed passengers'
transportation. It appears to be the only transportation system capable
to offer both high performance and significant sustainability.
Swissmetro still being in a stage of project, the operational start-up ofa first line necessitates proceeding to a series of development stages.
After a brief description of the project, these stages are presented inthis document, and in particular the ones including two newexperimental test facilities: the aerodynamic test center HISTAR(High-Speed Train Aerodynamic Rig); the test center for mastership of
the partial air vacuum SETUP (Safety, Equipment and Tunnel Under
Partial Pressure).
Keywords: HISTAR, Planning, SETUP, Strategy, Swissmetro.

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Plenary Sessions - CO1

20

PLENARY SESSION 2 - TOPICS 1, 2, 3 - 08.00
Chairmen: A. Rufer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Jufer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
E. Masada, Science University of Tokyo, Japan
InvitedHigh Speed and Mobility: Toward a New Frontier?

Yves Crozet
Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports, ISH, Lyon, France

PP01206

World Wide MAGLEV Status

Michele Mossi, Pierre Rossel
GESTE Engineering SA, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

PP02102

The current State of the Brazilian Proje ct for a Super
Conducting Magnetic Levitation Train

R. Nicolsky, R. Stephan, A.C. Ferreira, R. de Andrade Jr., M. A. Cruz
Moreira, L. G. Rolim, M. A. Neves,M. A. Rosário
UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The current state of the high-temperature super conductin g magnetic
levitation train prototype in UFRJ is described. This project has two
main parts: the levitation and the traction. In this paper, thedevelopment and results of both parts are presented. Simulation andtest measurements are presented. The integration of both parts will bedone with a small scale laboratory prototype. These results arenecessary as a convincing example for higher investments and newenrollments, necessary for the construction of a real scale prototype,the next step in our project.
Keywords: High Temperature Superconductors, Linear Synchronous
Motor, MAGLEV, super conducting Quantum levitation

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Plenary Sessions - CO1
PP0110321

MAGLEV Program in Korea

CHO Hung-Je
Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Yoosung-ku, Daejon,
Korea
MAGLEV Project Team at KIMM has been leading development of
attraction type urban transit MAGLEV for the past 10 years. In thispaper current status of MAGLEV program in Korea - what has been
done so far, efforts to improve technical problems we have - isreported.

PP03102

Urban MAGLEV Development In USA

Tony YenThursday, September 5, 2002 - Plenary Sessions - CO1

22

PLENARY SESSION 3 - TOPICS 3, 8, 9, 10 - 08.00
Chairmen: H. Bleuler, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
A. Rufer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
E. Masada, Science University of Tokyo, Japan
PP03103

Overview Of The General Atomics Low Speed Urban
MAGLEV Technology Development Program

Sam Gurol, Robert Baldi, Richard F. Post
General Atomics, San Diego, USA and Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, Livermore, USA
The overall objective of the Urban MAGLEV Program, sponsored by
the Federal Transit Administration, is to develop magnetic levitation
technology that offers a cost effective, reliable, and environmentallyfriendly option for urban mass transportation in the United States.
MAGLEV is a revolutionary approach in which trains are supported
by magnetic forces without any wheels contacting the rail surfaces.
The program is funded under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21stCentury (TEA-21). An innovative approach for the General Atomics
Urban MAGLEV has emerged that involves an entirely passive,
permanent magnet levitation system with an efficient linear
synchronous motor powering the guide way to provide propulsion.
The studies show that the Urban MAGLEV system offers many
attractive benefits, including very quiet operation, the ability to operatein challenging terrain with steep grades and tight turns, all-weather
operation, low maintenance, and rapid acceleration and the potential
for high speed.
Keywords: EDS, MAGLEV, Urban MAGLEV

PP03107

Comparison between Short-stator and Long -stator
Linear Drives of MAGLEV System for Regional
Transport

Eisuke MASADA, Tony EASTHAM, Takeshi MIZUMA
University of Tokyo, Japan; University of Science and Technology,
Hong Kong; China National Traffic Safety and Environment
Laboratory Traffic Safety Division, Railway Section, Chofu, JapanThursday, September 5, 2002 - Plenary Sessions - CO1

23

Assuming applications for urban and regional transportation systems
with the track length of one to several tens of km, the short stator andthe long stator drives for the MAGLEV system are studied andcompared on the basis of existing data on HSST, Linear Metro, MBahn and Transrapid for a model case. Because of the limited lengthof route and rather high demand of the system, the maximum velocityof trains in operation should be chosen less than 300km/h. The
distribution of demands along the track of these systems requires hightrain density under operation near the end station. The limit of drive
characteristics of the short-stator linear induction motor in highvelocity would be marginal against rather high investment costs of thelong-stator system, considering the rather complex operation of theregional systems and the development of the demand in the region
after the revenue service.
Keywords: Linear Drives, Linear Motor, MAGLEV System, Regional
Transport.

PP09502

A New Design for an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) by
Associating Super Capacitors and a Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel Cell

L. Bertoni, H. Gualous, D. Hissel, D. Bouquain, M C Péra, J.M
Kauffmann
Laboratoire d’Electronique, Electrotechnique et Systèmes (L2ES),
UTBM, Belfort, FranceThis paper describes the design and control requirements of an
auxiliary power unit (APU) for transportation applications. The designof the APU is based on an association of super capacitors and fuel cell.
Super capacitors are incorporated to satisfy peak power demands inorder to optimize performance of the APU and to reduce its size andtherefore also the cost of the fuel cell. After the system description,
simulations are performed to optimize the DC/DC converter between
the APU components and the DC bus of the vehicle.
Keywords: Auxiliary Power Unit, Fuel Cell, Super Capacitors.

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Plenary Sessions - CO1
PP08302

24

Experimental Study and FEM Analysis of the LargeScale Super Conducting Magnetic Gradient
Levitation System

M. Kubota, T. Kashiwagi, E. Suzuki, T. Matsuda, M. Hirakawa, H.
Nakasima
Central Japan Railway Company, Tokyo, Japan
We have carried out tests of levitating a ferromagnetic material (iron)by use of the large-scale experimental apparatus with magnetic
gradient levitation system. As a result, we succeeded in the stablelevitation of a 79 kg weight including 26 kg iron blocks in the room
temperature space without active control. In addition, we analyzed thecharacteristics of the electromagnetic forces of a levitation model by
the finite element method (FEM), and we have obtained the good
agreement between the results of experiments and numerical analysis
including levitation force and guidance force.
Keywords: FEM analysis, magnetic gradient levitation, super
conducting screen.

PP10204

Results on Self-sensing Active Magnetic Bearings

Alexandre Schammass, Hannes Bleuler
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
Self-sensing active magnetic bearings eliminate the position sensors
and estimate the position of the levitated object position by measuring
the coil current and voltage. The main interest of this approach is to
reduce production costs and hardware complexity. This paper proposesa strategy for estimating the position based on a modulation approach.
Experimental results from a radial magnetic bearing are presented. The
quality of the estimation signal is evaluated in terms of noise anddynamic performance (bandwidth).
Keywords: Active magnetic bearings, position estimation, switching
amplifier, self-sensing bearings.

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

25

LECTURE SESSION 1A - TOPIC 1 - 10.20
Chairmen: U. Henning, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany
R. Rossel, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
PP01101

Failure Mode and Endurance Tests of the HSST 100L
System

L.K. Siu, David Chan
Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation, Hong Kong, ChinA; Chubu
HSST Development Corporation, Nagoya, Japan

PP01102

High Speed Surface Transport System : Nagoya East
Hillside Line and the Operational Te sting for 3-Car
Vehicle Prototype

Masaaki Fujino
Chubu HSST Development Corporation, Nagoya, JapanThe East Hillside Line in Nagoya (also referred to as Tobu KyuryoLine) is the world’s first commercial application of the magnetic
levitation system for HSST that is now starting its construction for the
grand opening of the World Exposition, “Aichi Expo 20 05 ”
scheduled for March 2005. This report summarizes the development
history of the HSST system and its latest status including designconcept of prototype vehicles for Tobu Kyuryo Line.
Keywords: HSST, The East Hillside Line in Nagoya (also referred toas Tobu Kyuryo Line), Un -manned operation.

PP01104

Passive Damping in EDS MAGLEV Systems

Donald M. Rote
Argonne National Laboratory, Argone, USA

PP01105

TRANSRAPID SHANGHAI - Demonstration Line.
German High Technology with Chinese Boundary
Conditions

Eberhard Grossert
GP Dr. Grossert Planungsgesellschaft mbH, Berlin, Germany

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

26

The routing of the track, the used guide way constructions as well as
their production plants are described in this report. Parts of theplanning activities will be explained which are required on the Germanside to cover the interface between German delivery parts and Chineseplanning and production activities. Information about the absolutely
short realization time for the erection of the guide way constructions
will be given
Keywords: TRANSRAPID Shanghai, track routing, guide way
constructions, production plant, dates.

PP01108

Transrapid Operation Control System TechnicalPrerequisites for Short Headways

Siegfried Burkert, Peter Hamann
Siemens AG, Braunschweig, Germany; Siemens AG, Berlin, Germany
Following the decision by the German Federal Government not to
implement Berlin-Hamburg Transrapid magnetic railway main-line
route, a new field of application in regional traffic was sought. The
Munich airport-city centre and Düsseldorf-Dortmund lines provided
the solution. The Transrapid regional traffic variant was named
Metrorapid. Because of the shorter distances between stations and theshorter headways in conurbations, regional traffic places different
demands on the operating concept and technical equipment forTransrapid magnetic railway systems than does long-distance traffic.
The preparation work that is being undertaken in parallel with thefeasibility studies comprises the system-related analysis of theMetrorapid and the development of suitable control and safety
procedures for regional traffic on magnetic levitation systems.

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

27

LECTURE SESSION 2A - TOPIC 1 - 13.40
Chairmen: M. Wackers, Transrapid International,
Germany
A. Seki, Central Japan Railway, Tokyo, Japan
PP01110

Berlin,Risk Assessment of High Speed Transport

Jürg Liechti, Christian Leuenberger

PP01111

The Hybrid guide way Girder Development and first
application in Shanghai

Jürgen Feix, Roman Brylka
Cronauer Beratung Planung, Munich, Germany
The first commercial use of the Transrapid will be realized on a 30 km
track in the People’s Republic of China. At present, the Chinese arebuilding a link between Pudong Airport and Long Yang Road Stationin the outskirts of Shanghai. The technology required to build thishybrid guide way is provided by the German TGC. This paper reportson the development of this new guide way type for the Transrapid
MAGLEV system. Moreover, the Shanghai track will serve as an
example to illustrate the technical and economic advantages of thehybrid guide way concept.
Keywords: China, Hybrid guide way Girder, Shanghai, structural
engineering, Transrapid.

PP01202

DB AG Operator Requirements for High-Speed
MAGLEV Railways as Regional Services

Thomas Rühl, Hartmut Albert
DB AG, Vorstandsressort Technik, Magnetschnellbahn, Berlin,
Germany
The Transrapid high-speed MAGLEV railway was conceived andoptimized as a means of long-distance conveyance. Its use as a fast
regional carrier for population centers or airport feeder services
involves different and in some respects greater demands than for longdistance workings, in respect of which DB AG has produced operator
requirements. The aims DB AG is pursuing and the ensuing focus
areas for further development of the high-speed MAGLEV railway are
extrapolated having regard to the system’s use in regional services.
How these aims translate into functional requirements is set out

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

28

together with the methodological tools adopted and a Requirement
Database.
Keywords: Regional Services, Operator Requirements, Market,
Operation.

PP01203

Program of the Federal Government to Ensure the
Future Application of MAGLEV Technology

Wolfgang DÖRRIES
Commissioner of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building andHousing, for magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, Berlin, Germany
In the spring of 2000, the German Federal Ministry for Transportation,
Construction and Housing commissioned an investigation into theregional use for the MAGLEV technology in Germany for theconnection between airports and city centers and conurbations.
Future application, German government, MAGLEV technology.

PP01204

Construction of Shanghai Transrapid DemonstrationLine

Wu Xiangming
Shanghai MAGLEV Transportation Development Co., Ltd Pudong,Shanghai, China
While selecting a most appropriate mode of high-speed ground masstransportation system for the nation, the Chinese government decided
to build a high-speed MAGLEV demonstration line in Shanghai after
continual studies, with the purpose of acquiring detailed comparison
data in respect of system technologies, safety concerns and economic
assessments. This paper is to introduce the first-ever commercialized
high-speed MAGLEV line, its construction progress and some key
technical issues. The emphasis is on the technical improvements that
the Shanghai MAGLEV Transportation Development Co., Ltd.
(hereinafter referred as 'SMTDC') had made on the basis of the TR
guide way technologies from Germany and with the considerations of
the reality of China. This paper ends with discussions on thedevelopment prospect of the high-speed MAGLEV transportation
technologies.
Keywords: Transrapid, Shanghai demonstration line, High-speed
MAGLEV, Hybrid-girder, guide way.

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1
PP01207

29

Swissmetro : Economic Viability of the Basle -Zurich
Pilot Line

Michele Mossi, François Vuille
GESTE Engineering SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
In the past two years, the management of the Swissmetro project has
analyzed the technical and economic feasibility of a high-speed
connection between the centres of the Swiss cities Basle and Zurich.
This 89.1 km long line, which could be in operation in 2020, will beensured by a Swissmetro vehicle in only 15 minutes.
In order to put out the economic viability of this connection, a traffic
analysis has been conducted, yielding passenger estimates for theyears 2020 to 2040. This analysis, based on four forecasting scenarios,
showed that between 19,000 and 30,000 daily passengers would be
conveyed on this line in 2020 and up to 85,600 by 2040.
These traffic estimates have been used to determine the direct
economic viability of the Basle -Zurich Swissmetro link. The
connection will be profitable yielding a realistic internal rate of return
ranging from 3.6% to 6.4%, depending on both the traffic scenario andthe ticket price; this profitability would be largely increased if the
Swissmetro line would also connect both Basle and Zurich airports, aswell as other Swiss or European cities.
Keywords: Basle-Zurich line, Economic evaluation, Pilot line,
Swissmetro, Traffic analysis.

LECTURE SESSION 3A - TOPIC 1 - 16.20
Chairmen: D. M. Rote, Argone national Laboratory, Argone, USA
K. I. Kaminishi, Railway Technical Research Institute,Tokyo, Japan
PP01208

Study on the Feasibility of Maglev Systems in
Regional Transport in Bavaria and North Rhine Westphalia

Michael Witt, Stefan Herzberg
Dornier Consulting GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Germany
In 2000, the German Ministry for Transport, Building and Housingcommissioned to investigations for the regional application of Maglev
in Germany for a Transrapid-connection between Munich airport andTuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

30

Munich main station in Bavaria and the connection of the city centersin the Metropolitan Region of Northrhine-Westphalia (Metrorapid).
The investigations were made on the basis of an in-depth feasibility
study dealing with all infrastructural, operational, ecological andeconomical aspects for the implementation of a new system. The
economic results are presented and show that in each of the two
corridors a Maglev system is economically, ecologically, technically,
and operationally feasible.

PP01301

Environmental Evaluation Of Future Transport
Technologies

Michael Spielmann
Umweltnatur- und Umweltsozialwissenschaften ETH Zürich, Schweiz
In this paper, based on a case study of a Swissmetro Network, aprocedure for the environmental evaluation of future transport systems
within the framework of Technology Assessment is presented. The
environmental evaluation is performed pursuing a Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) approach. In order to incorporate the future,scenario analysis has been introduced to LCA for the first time. The
main goal of the case study was then to determine and evaluate theenvironmental impacts of the additional traffic generated by
Swissmetro Network. The environmental evaluation of these induced
impacts is built on two steps. First, the volume of the induced traffic is
determined for different scenarios and variants, and second theenvironmental impacts due to an additional person kilometer are
calculated by performing an LCA. The results of the case study revealthat the conditions determining the development of mobility, whichhave been operational zed in scenarios, seem to have a decisive
influence on the environmental performance of the future transportsystem.
Keywords: Environmental Evaluation, Technology Assessment, Life
Cycle Assessment, Scenario Analysis, Swissmetro.

PP01302

Energetic and Environmental Assessment of aEurometroJens Geisel, Christian Leuenberger
Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
NRP 41 Project F6 and ongoing research concluded that using theecological potentials of Swissmetro technology it is possible toTuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

31

develop a better ecological alternative to long distance and high speedtransportation with distances around 1200 km or more. An Eurometro
system could achieve efficiency gains of a factor 5 or more comparedto air transport. While traveling with considerably higher velocities it
could use about the same amount of operating energy or even less thanthat of high speed railway systems such as ICE or TGV. New data
allow to update the calculations and will allow more recommendations
regarding environmental key factors in the ongoing development
process.
Keywords: Eurometro; High Speed Transport; Sustainable Transport;
Eco Balance; Energy Balance; Environmental Assessment;
Swissmetro Technology; MAGLEV; Swiss National Research Program
41: Transport and Environment, Project F6.

PP01303

Energy and Environmental Assessment of aEurometro DEMAND and NETWORK - influential
Factors

Daniel Schöbi
University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland and Vienna
University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
A Eurometro-system based on Swissmetro technology could provide
an ecological alternative to aviation. Ongoing research evaluates on
how a Eurometro-system should be implemented, interconnected withthe local, regional and international public transport system, as well as
integrated into existing and future High-Speed-Traffic (HST) infrastructures and finally integrate Switzerland in a European HSTnetwork. In a first step we will look back to the development of HST,
overview the influential factors and then focus on trends and estimateddemand and network.
Keywords: Demand, Eurometro, high speed traffic, network, trends.

PP02109

New MAGLEV Transport
Acceptability to Swissmetro

Concept

andits

Oleksander Kozoriz, Vasyl' Kozoriz, Vladimir Kristov, Vjitchelsay
Baguslaev, Fjodor Muravchenko
National Technical University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
National Air-Space University of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
MOTOR SICH Co., Zaporizhja, Ukraine

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

32

PROGRESS Motor Design Bureau, Zaporizhja, Ukraine
The “Magnetic Potential Well” (MPW) and “One Sided Action of aMagnet” (OSAM) phenomena are explained mainly in ideas,
comparisons and testing. The passive MPW-levitation as a dynamics
problem of the free body equilibrium stability, and the OSAM as thecore of a new method to accelerate or slow down a body isdemonstrated with tests fulfilled by visitors from the worldwide
companies. Inventions concerning docking in the space, Maglev
transportation, inertial navigation, and super conductive bearings are
represented. Acceptability of the MPW and OSAM for the modern
high-tech projects, particularly for the Swissmetro is discussed.
Keywords: magnetic levita tion, linear drive, superconductivity

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

33

LECTURE SESSION 1B - TOPIC 7 - 10.20
Chairmen: T. Eastham, University of Science and Technology,
Hong-Kong, China
N. Macabrey, GESTE Engineering SA, Lausanne,
Switzerland
PP07101

Control of a Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Motor using Multiple Reference Frame Theory

Jawad Faiz, B. Rezaei-Alam
Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranThis paper uses a multiple reference frame theory (MRF) in order toestimate and control the current harmonics of a linear synchronous
motor with permanent magnet stator structure (PMLSM). This is donein such a way that the rms supply current is minimized, therefore thelosses will be lower. Also relationship between the traction force andcurrents of the motor is studied in d-q axes. The suggested technique isrobust against time-variable parameters such as inductance variation.
Finally simulation results of the suggested structure are presented.
Keywords: Feeding Current Minimization, Linear Motor, Multiple
Reference Frame.

PP07103

LIM: Optimization of Secondary Width Respect to
the Thrust

Giovanni Zanzara, Gino D’Ovidio, Francesco Crisi, Aurelio Navarra,
Marco Villani
University of L’Aquila; Science and Technology Park of Abruzzo,
L’Aquila, Italy
The paper deals with the investigation of the optimal width of thesecondary in a Linear Induction Motor, respect to the primarydimensions, with reference to the thrust and levitation. An
experimental equipment has been designed and built that reproduceson small-scale the motion of vehicle along an electromagnetic way.
Significant experimental tests have been carried out in order tocharacterize the circular inductor way with annulus-type secondaryand evaluate the effect of several parameters on the performance.
Moreover, an accurate 3-D Finite Element model has been carried out
and the simulation results have been compared with the experimental

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

34

ones. This model has allowed to optimize the secondary width in orderto maximize the thrust. This study should bear gradually theconstruction of an equipment with high-temperature super conducting
materials
Keywords: Electromagnetic way, finite element analysis, levitation.

PP07104

Advanced Converter and Control Components for
TRANSRAPID

U. Henning, R. Hoffmann, J. Hochleitner
Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
A new converter and control system for the TRANSRAPID wasdeveloped and successfully tested under realistic operating conditions,in particular in combination with double -end feeding, in the course ofmodernization of the TRANSRAPID test facility in Emsland. In thispaper, prototypes incorporating new technologies are presented for thevarious subsystems and components. Above all, test results arereported. A new compact inverter module was developed andsuccessfully equipped with 4.5 kV IGBTs and 4.5 kV hard-driven
GTOs respectively.
Keywords: Control systems, converter circuits, design, linear drives,
power semiconductor devices

PP07107

4 Poles 3 Degrees of Freedom Magnetic Levitation
Control And Its Coordination With Two-Dime nsional
Linear Motor

Jiangheng LIU, Takafumi KOSEKI
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Electromagnetic suspension (EMS) has been widely used in manyindustrial fields because of various advantages in practical use. The Utype magnets are often used to generate the levitation force in the EMS
system. This conventional electromagnet, however, can only control
one degree-of- freedom. It cannot construct a levitation system solely
by itself.
A 4-pole type yoke hybrid electromagnet is proposed instead of theusual U-type magnet and its magnetic levitation control is studied inthis paper. The basic structure and characteristics of the proposedmagnet are described, and the control systems are designed. The semizero-power controller, with a disturbance observer, is proposed toTuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

35

improve the performance of the control system. Furthermore, thecombination with the linear motor is discussed.
Keywords: 3 degrees of freedom, 4-pole electromagnet, magnetic
levitation, two -dimensional linear motor, zero-power control.

PP07108

Development of a MAGLEV Space Transport System

C. Ham, J. Flores, R. Johnson
University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
Access to space is becoming both more in demand and increasingly
more expensive. In order to lower the cost of getting to space,
MAGLEV space launch assist is considered as one of the options for aspace transport system. MAGLEV as a zero stage is viewed as a safe,
reliable, and inexpensive launch assist for sending payloads into orbit.
This paper presents an application of MAGLEV technology for aspace transport system by developing a MAGLEV Launch Facility(MLF) for the Super-Loki sounding rocket. It provides technicalanalysis and trade-off studies to develop an inexpensive, reliable andreusable MAGLEV launch assist system. The main result is acomputer simulation framework to derive an optimal configuration of
a MLF that provides necessary initial state vectors for various launch
scenarios. This computer simulation was then applied to a Super Loki
Rocket launch scenario and specific optimal parameters for launch
were obtained. The results can also be extended to design a MLF of afull-scale expendable launch vehicle and a space shuttle replacement
vehicle through scalability
Keywords: Advanced propulsion, MAGLEV assisted launch, sounding
rocket, space transport system.

LECTURE SESSION 2B - TOPIC 7 - 13.40
Chairmen: K. Vollenwyder, Bombardier Transportation, Kingston,
CanadaW. Mayer, Dornier Consult, Friedrichshafen, Germany
PP07109

Principle and Analysis of a Novel Linear Synchronous
Motor with Half-Wave Rectified Self Excitation

Jun OYAMA, Tsuyoshi HIGUCHI, Takashi ABE, Shotaro KUBOTA,
Tadashi HIRAYAMA
Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

36

Principle and analysis of a new type LSM are presented. The motor isbased on half-wave rectified brushless excitation. The field winding isshort-circuited through a diode and the armature winding isconventional 3-phase windings. As the field flux is controllable byvarying armature current, field weakening operation is possible in highspeed region. The experimental machine is designed and built. The
characteristics are estimated theoretically and the inductance iscompared with measured value.
Keywords: Linear Synchronous Motor, Half Wave Rectified Self
Excitation.

PP07110

Approaching the Ana lysis of Linear Machines via
Artificial Neural Networks

Luciana Cambraia Leite, Carlos Rodrigues de Souza, Gilio Aluisio
SimoneUniversity of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Artificial neural networks are used in this study for the analysis of asector motor with the purpose of obtaining its thrust. The sector motor
is a type of rotary induction machine, which owing to its particularshape, present the end-effects usually found in the linear machines.
The analysis of a sector motor via the machine equations is notconvenient because the equations do not easily lead to a model thatcan be applied to different operating situations. This problem arises
from the difficulties in incorporating the end-effects into the machine
equations. On the other hand, as the artif icial neural networks areconvenient tools for managing the situations of difficult modeling,
they can be applied as an alternative approach for the analysis of thiskind of machine. In order to generate the data required by the neuralnetwork learning process, the machine is tested in the laboratory undervarious driving situations, which comprise transient and steady state
conditions. The main purpose of this work is to obtain an artificial
neural network architecture that represents the sector motor under therequired operating conditions.
Keywords: Artificial neural networks, data acquisition, linear motors,
thrust estimation.

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

37

PP07112

theExperimental Design Method applied to
Optimization of a Linear Eddy Current Brake.

Hecquet Michel, S. Vivier, Brochet Pascal
Ecole Centrale de Lille, Villeneuve D’Ascq, FranceThis paper illustrates the use of experiment design technique applied
to the optimization of an electromagnetic brake. This device is used inrolling stock equipment. Previous studies showed the influence ofparticular characteristic dimensions on the braking and attractive
forces created by this device. Our aim is to determine accurately thevariations of these forces especially around the optimal point using the
3D finite element method associated to the experimental designs. The
advantage of the Response Surface Methodology is to determined apolynomial model for the braking and attractive forces versus studied
parameters. In addition, a comparison with the experimental
measurements is realized in order to validate our model.
Keywords: Eddy current brake, experimental design method, 3D finite
element method, optimization, polynomial model.

PP07113

Performance Estimation of Linear Tubular Actuator

L. El Amraoui, F. Gillon, P. Brochet, M. Benrejeb
Ecole Centrale de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France; Ecole
Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis. Tunis, Tunisia
The paper reports on the approach applied for linear tubular switched
reluctance machine sizing, design and characterization. A prototype isbuilt in order to validate the whole design process. Comparisons show
a good agreement between computed and measured results. A
response surface model of force versus position and current is thenderived. This model allows an accurate prediction of the actuator
performances.
Keywords: Dynamic simulation, finite element model linear tubular
motor, reluctance network, test bench.

PP07115

Design and Simulation of an Electromagnetic Aircraft
Launch System

D J Patterson, A Monti, T Bertoncelli, C Brice, R Dougal - R. Pettus
University of South Carolina; Swearingen Center, Columbia, US;
Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

38

This paper describes the basic design, refinement and verification
using finite element analysis (FEA), and operational simulation using
the Virtual Test Bed (VTB), of a range of candidate linear machines
for an electromagnetic aircraft launching system (EMALS) for theaircraft carrier of the future. Choices of basic machine format, andprocedures for determining basic dimensions are presented. Detailed
designs are presented for a permanent magnet version, and a super
conducting field coil and an induction machine version are introduced.
The long armature - short field geometry is discussed, and in particular
the impact of this geometry on the scale of the power electronic drive
system is presented.

PP07116

Demo-Track Using a Linear Induction Motor

J.-M. Strubin, M. Veenstra, A. Rufer
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
Technical education in classical fields like electrical engineering is
confronted in western countries with on one side a high demand forengineers coming from industry and on the other side by the reduced
interest from younger generation, whose interest is highly polarized byinformation and communication technologies. A linear motor demotrack has been set up, in order to reinforce the demonstrative aspects ofmodern technology as a contribution to the motivation of students forthe industrial world. It is also an alternative example to the tooclassical rotating asynchronous motor in the field of education onvariable speed drive
Keywords: Demonstration drive, linear asynchronous motor,
sensorless.

LECTURE SESSION 3B - TOPIC 7 - 16.20
Chairmen: G. Coquery, INRETS, Arcueil, France
N. Macabrey, GESTE Engineering SA, Lausanne,
Switzerland
PP07117

Linear Electric Motors for Aerospace Launch Assist

M. Caprio, S. Pratap, W. Walls, R. Zowarka
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
This paper summarizes the results of a design study investigating theuse of linear electric motors in an aerospace electromagnetic launcher

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

39

application requiring 7g’s of horizontal acceleration to a velocity of
300m/s. The study initially reviews the current state of high-speed
electric machines in applications similar to the one proposed.
Induction and synchronous linear motors are then evaluated forsuitability to the application by analyzing their characteristics in thishigh-speed operating regime. A detailed design approach is used tosynthesize machines capable of meeting the launcher’s performancerequirements, since the conditions fall outside of the conventional
design envelope. Realistic physical features of all electrical powersystem components are included to ensure the evaluated systems are
physically realizable. The two motor types are compared for suitability
to the application based on performance, cost, and system integration
issues. Finally, a prototype demonstrator design is proposed to verify
the results of the study.
Keywords: High speed motor, launch assist, linear motor design,
linear propulsion, power system simulation

PP07202

Linear Motor Propulsion for Urban Transit

Kurt Vollenwyder
Bombardier Transportation Mass Transit, North America Kingston,
CanadaModern urban transit systems must provide a high level of service withshort headways. The design of the route alignment must be flexible
and permit steep grades to reduce system cost. Reliable precision
stopping at stations under all weather conditions is essential. Linear
Induction Motor (LIM) propulsion ideally meets the operating
requirements, providing adhesion-independent transmission ofacceleration and brake forces. The topology used is a short vehicle
mounted primary and a long track mounted secondary. The effects of
the LIM topology must be considered in order to design a viabletransit system. Issues are the air gap, changes in reaction rail
configuration, the vertical forces and the operation as a direct drive.
Two generations of LIM propulsion have been developed and aredescribed in this paper. LIM propulsion has been successfully
deployed in five advanced transit systems.
Keywords: Adhesion, Advanced Rapid Transit, Linear Induction
Motor, LIM Propulsion, Transit System.

Tuesday, September 3, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2
PP07301

40

Control of a 2.4MW Linear Synchronous Motor for
Launching Roller-Coasters

A. Veltman, P. van der Hulst, M.C.P. Jonker, J.P. van Gur
Eindhoven Univertsity of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands;
Piak Electronic Design b.v., Culemborg, the Netherlands; GTI
Electroproject b.v., Zaandam, the Netherlands.
To accelerate a heavy roller-coaster train to a speed of 25m/s in lessthan 3 seconds requires a lot of thrust. A 2.4MW Linear Synchronous
Motor is applied for this function. Optimal thrust implies optimalcurrent control. Because of the increasing velocity along the track, thestator configuration changes continuously during a launch(sequentially switched stator). A strategy to control 3kA of current
during abrupt changes in stator inductance, while maintaining thrust, ispresented
Keywords: LSM, current control, sensor-less control, switched stators.

PP07302

Electrical Performance of Two Different Types ofPermanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Machineswith Vector Control

G. Martínez, J. Atencia, A. García Rico, J. Flórez
Escuela Superior de Ingenieros (TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra),
Sebastián, Spain
There is a dilemma about employing or not employing iron in the
primary core of synchronous linear actuators. To give some guidance
about the convenience of using iron or ironless primary cores, two
prototypes of Permanent Magnet Linear Machines (PMLSM)
geometrically identical were built. The prototypes were tested in orderto get reliable comparative conclusions.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of two
different topologies of linear synchronous machines, using vector
control techniques. Several tests were performed to determine theelectromagnetic properties and the static forces of the prototypes
involved. The paper concludes with a discussion of their performancesand dynamics, and their suitability for different applications
Keywords: Linear Electric Drives, Linear Electric Machines,
Permanent Magnet Linear Machines, Field Oriented Control.

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

41

LECTURE SESSION 4A - TOPICS 1, 2 - 10.20
Chairmen: R. F. Post, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore,
USA
P. Keller, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Zurich, Switzerland
PP01401

Technical And Economical Aspects Of The
Transrapid Compared To Traditional HSR Systems

K. Köncke
Siemens AG Transportation Systems, Berlin, Germany
This synopses describes the technical and economical aspects of theTransrapid technology compared to the traditional HSR (High SpeedRail) systems. The approach of the outstanding Transrapid techno logy
in terms of the main requirements like flexibility, efficiency, highperformance and safety will be outlined in the following paper.

PP01402

Paths of Increase of Efficiency MAGLEV-Transportwith the Purpose Acceleration of Implementation

Mark Umanov, Arkadij Lasher, A. TaturevichState Technical University of Railway Transport, Dnipropetrovs’k,
UkraineIn the present moment development of MAGLEV-transport are leads
up to operational use. In this connection most important problem is thedefinition area of effective application MAGLEV-transport systems.
One of perspective directions of application MAGLEV-transport is the
combined main and regional communication. The increase of large
cities and agglomeration, volume of pendulous transportations, aircontamination, and also overload of an existing transport system,
requires considerable of changes, where MAGLEV-transport canbecome the important link in implementation of regionaltransportations. The definition of the favorable operation conditions
and optimum engineering solution MAGLEV-transport systems, atwhich their application will be effective, is a main problem of thiswork.
Keywords: Electrodynamics suspension, high-speed surface transport,
MAGLEV-transport, MAGLEV-transport systems, main and regional
communication.

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1
PP0140442

High Speed Transport and Climate Change - a New
Challenge

Walter Ernst, Re nat Heuberger, Michael Jenny, Dieter Imboden
Department of Environmental Sciences ETH Zürich and University ofApplied Science Bern, Switzerland
Air traffic has become the fastest growing segment of transport. Since
1950 use of commercial aviation has grown more than seventy-fold.
Prospective analyses indicate that this trend is likely to continue.
According to a special report on aviation by the IPCC [IPCC, 1999] in1992 the related emissions accounted for only about 3.5% of the total
climate impact of all anthropogenic emissions. However, in 2020
Swiss international air traffic’s share on total anthropogenic green
house gas (GHG) emissions up to a third of the total Swissanthropogenic GHG emissions. The terrorist attacks in 2001 make anadjustment of the existing growth scenarios necessary. Starting with asharp decline in 2001, air traffic will recover and may even growstronger than originally predicted to finally achieve an average yearly
growth of 3,5% between 2001 and 2005. The results presented in thispaper indicate that the expected growth of air traffic may to a great
extend offset the positive impacts of the Swiss climate protection
scheme (CO2-bill).
Keywords: High speed transport, Air Traffic, CO2 - Emissions,Greenhous Gases - Emissions, Forecast, Climate Change

PP02101

Dual Mode, The AVT and MAGLEVFrank Randak
AVT-TRAIN.COM, Inc 8 Fallen Oaks Drive, Thousand Oaks CA
91360 USA
Traffic and energy problems are worldwide. Dual Mode (DM) systems
transport vehicles with their passengers automatically, quickly, safely
and more efficiently than highways. The Advanced Vehicle Transport(AVT) eliminates the inherent disadvantages of typical DM designs by
combining the best features of DM and high-speed MAGLEV trains.
The AVT design minimizes the cost obje ction to MAGLEV because
the AVT Train transports vehicles, passengers and freightcontinuously, without stopping, producing a very popular, efficient,high capacity and profitable operation. Continuous operation isaccomplished by loading and unloading moving AVT Trains with
AVT Shuttles that travel on a parallel track. Shuttles pickup parked

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

43vehicles at stations, merge with a passing Train, then dock with theTrain and then transfer the vehicle onto the train. Unloading vehicles
is accomplished by running the operation in reverse.
Keywords: Continuous, Trains, Vehicles, Shuttles, Docking.

PP02103

A Basic Developmental Scenario For The MAGLEVHighway – MAGLEV Highway as the Future ofTransport

MINAKAMI Motoyuki, M. McDonald
National Institute for Land & Infrastructure Management, Asahi,
Japan; University of Southampton, United Kingdom
A MAGLEV system, in which cars sit on magnetically levitatedpallets, could potentially produce substantial benefits compared toconventional car travel, particularly on long distance routes. This
paper describes basic developmental scenarios applied to the future ofhigh-speed ground transportation.
Keywords: Scenario, Hypermodal, Intermodal, Highway Mode, Pallet.

LECTURE SESSION 5A - TOPIC 2 - 13.40
Chairmen: M. Witt, Dornier Consult, Friedrichshafen, Germany
M. Fujino, Chubu HSST Development, Nagoya, Japan
PP02106

MAGLEV System Maintenance Strategy

Edmund Haindl, Klaus Wegerer, Chunguang Xu
ThyssenKrupp Transrapid GmbH, Munich, Germany
According to wear- and tearless operation of MAGLEV, realized bymechatronic means, an appropriate maintenance strategy will bepresented. A systematic methodology is described for identification ofmaintenance activities and prognosis of respective amount of labor,
tools and spare parts. A description of MAGLEV maintenanceequipment and measures is given, which is based on experience withmaintenance practice of the pre-series vehicle TR08.
Keywords: Diagnostic, Maintenance, Transrapid, Vehicle.

PP02108

New Development in Transrapid Vehicle Technology

Luitpold Miller, Friedrich Löser
ThyssenKrupp Transrapid GmbH, Munich, Germany

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

44

Due to the favorable characteristics application projects for shorterroutes with operating speeds of 100 to 300 km/h gained momentum.
These new fields of application require an adaptation of the vehicle
technology. The solution is a family of vehicles, consisting ofstandardized modules. This paper includes a description of the systemarchitecture as well as the concept of subsystems. The conclusion willconcentrate on the various vehicle configurations for different field
application.
Keywords: Application, Electromagnetic Levitation System,
Investments, Maintenance, Transrapid.

PP02111AMLEV: a New Alternative of MAGLEV

Oleg V. Tozoni
AMLEVtrans, Rockville, USA
Herein is provided a brief description of AMLEV’s design and theoperating principles of its self-regulating magneto-dynamic suspension
and permanent magnet propulsion motor. The feasibility of selfregulation of both the magnetic suspension and the propulsion motor isproven, thus making it possible to utilize the properties andpeculiarities of mechanical, magnetic and electro-dynamic processes
to ensure their interaction so as to achieve self-regulation of vehicle
flight.
Keywords: Linear propulsion motor, permanent magnet, self regulation, magneto -dynamic suspension, stabilizing force.

PP02112

Swissmetro : An Engineering View to the Systems

Bourquin V., Dériaz D., Macabrey N., Weatherill A, Steybe H.
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland; Geste
Engineering SA, Lausanne, Switzerland; Bonnard&Gardel Lausanne,
Switzerland; Busch AG, Magden, Switzerland
This article presents a general overview of the systems engineering
related to the Swissmetro project. Since 1988 more than 200
companies, laboratories and experts have contributed to theengineering of the project. The main in terms of technologies arereviewed with a focus choices on the vacuum system and the way
vacuum influences the station and the vehicle design. The complexity
and the magnitude of the interactions between all the components ofthe project have lead to the emergence of original solutions based on

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

45

the evolution of well-known particular technologies in the context of avacuum environment.
Keywords: Swissmetro, Vacuum, Vehicle, Stations, Mechanicalsystems.

PP02201

Management and Decision-Making in Projects with
Strong Technological Rupture - Case of High Speed
Ground Transportation Systems

Guillaume de Tilière, Vincent Bourquin
Swiss Federal Institute Of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
MAGLEV technologies are at an historical turn, with the firstcommercial implementation of the Transrapid in China. This article
examines what are the causes of market barriers encountered by suchdisruptive technologies and what are the future challenges. It
underlines that behind technological rupture the real challenge stands
in the management of systemic networks between manufacturers andoperators.
Keywords: High-speed Transportation system, Innovation, Public private partnership.

PP02203

Auto-Shuttle
Feasibility,
Environmental Analysis

FinancialandAndreas Steingröver, Rasmus Krevet
Nettlingskamp 20, D-38120 Braunschweig, Germany; Bammelsburger
Str. 2, D-38114 Braunschweig, Germany
The proposed transport system Auto-Shuttle integrates road and track
guided traffic using and combining the specific advantages of each ofthese traffic modes. Conventional road vehicles are transported with
their passengers and freight in individual cabins. The operational
concept provides operation of the cabins without intermediate stops at
almost constant traveling speed. During the journey convoys with low
aerodynamic drag are formed in order to lower the energy
consumption and increase traffic capacity. Approaching a station only
those cabins that have reache d their destination leave the convoy on apassive switch and decelerate on a brake track, while the other cabins
close the gap in the convoy and travel on at the usual cruising speed.
This paper describes the planning and economical aspects of a
proposed commercial line along the motorway A3 in Germany
between the cities of Duisburg and Cologne.

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

46

Keywords: Passive switch, motorway.

LECTURE SESSION 6A - TOPICS 2, 10 - 16.20
Chairmen: H. Bleuler, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
J. Sandtner, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
PP02205

High Speed Systems and External Rate of Return
Appraisal: the Case of Swissmetro and the Basle Zurich Connection, Milestones for a Blueprint

Pierre ROSSEL
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

PP10101

Electrodynamic Passive Magnetic Bearing Using
Reluctance Forces

Jan Sandtner, Hannes Bleuler
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
Electrodynamic passive magnetic bearings with Halbach arrays and air
coils produce only moderate Lorentz restoring forces. These bearings
are especially conceived for high speed applications. In order to obtainweaker drag forces and properly directed restoring forces additional
inductances in series with the stationary coils are required. These
inductances comprise ferromagnetic cores, which are located outside
the bearing magnetic field. Therefore no radial instability occurs. In
the here presented bearing version, instead of Lorentz forces, muchstronger reluctance forces are used, but the laminated ferromagnetic
core has to be located inside the bearing magnetic field. This
introduces a very strong radial instability. Therefore, the instability has
to be compensated by permanent magnet rings, usually in a repulsive
mode. The axial stability is achieved by axially splitting the Halbach
array. Bearings using reluctance forces operate even for relatively low
speeds without the necessity for additional inductances.
Keywords: Halbach array, Inductrack, null-flux, passive magnetic
bearings, reluctance force.

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1
PP10102

47

Optimization of Two-Dimensional Permanent Magnet
Arrays for Diamagnetic Levitation

Roland Moser, François Barrot, Hannes Bleuler
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
This paper presents new results in the field of passive diamagnetic
levitation of macroscopic objects. Two dimensional permanent magnet
arrays have been analyzed and optimized in order to obtain high thrustforce and stiffness for fully passive magnetic levitation at room
temperature in all 6 degrees of freedom. Experimental results withstrongly diamagnetic materials like pyrolytic graphite indicate thatdiamagnetic levitation can be an interesting alternative to active
magnetic bearings. Possible applications are pointed out and functional
experimental prototypes are presented.
Keywords: Contact-less levitation, Diamagnetism, Magnetic bearings,
Permanent magnets, Pyrolytic graphite.

PP10203

Magnetic Levitation and Rotation of Sub-Millimetric
Spherical Rotors

A. Boletis, L. Sache, H. Bleuler, S. Menot
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
To achieve high spinning speed, spherical rotors with less than 1 mm
diameter have been levitated. A small device (50 [mm] x 50 [mm]),with a magnetic actuator that controls one degree of freedom of therotor, an optical sensing system, and a two-phase induction motor has
been designed and realized to perform levitation and rotation of small
spherical rotors. In order to achieve a high spinning speed, sphericalrotors with less than 1 mm diameter have been levitated.
Keywords: High-speed rotation, small spherical rotors.

PP10301

Stability Suspension And Dynamics of The Rotor
With Super Conducting Magnetic Bearing

Slavko GennadiyKremenchug State Polytechnic University, Kremenchug, Poltava reg.,
Ukraine,We investigate the dynamics of electromechanical systems ofmagnetic levitation based on the effect of magnetic potential well.
Rotor with contactless magnetic bearings has six degrees of freedom.
We have worked out mathematical models, obtained regions of rotor

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

48

equilibrium stability, investigated the dynamics, offered methods ofimproving suspension stiffness. New opportunities for the creation ofmagnetic bearings are revealed by the superconductive effect of theuncontrolled stable levitation called "magnetic potential well" (MPW).
Keywords: Stability Dynamic Magnetic Bearing Levitation.

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

49

LECTURE SESSION 4B - TOPIC 5 - 10.20
Chairmen: M. Badoux, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
V. Bourquin, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
PP05102MAGLEV Vehicle Design for Permanent Magnet
Levitation Electro-Dynamic Suspension (EDS) System

Karoly Kehrer, Volus McKenna, Wesley ShumakerHall Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, USA
Specific aspects of MAGLEV vehicle technology development for
urban alignment are discussed. The design approach conforms topermanent magnet Halbach array levitation, guidance, and Linear
Synchronous Motor (LSM) propulsion for electronically coupledconsists, while meeting the requirements of urban transit. Nondynamic service and emergency braking is performed via a halfcaliper design that obtains braking force by magnetic attraction to asteel plate, thus making the braking force independent of vehicle
weight. The optimal vehicle is designed for mass production, as part ofa noiseless and relatively unobtrusive mass transportation system thatis made possible by the selected technologies.
Keywords: Braking, Coupling, MAGLEV, Modular, Vehicle.

PP05103

New Development of Mild Steel with Improved
Magnetic Properties at Low Field

Philippe Harlet, Peggy Schouller, P. Cantinieaux, Nathalie Petit
Cockerill Sambre Usinor, Arcelor Innovation, Belgium
From all the magnetic materials, iron or extra mild steel still stay theone of the most popular cause of his excellent compromise between
magnetic and mechanical properties associated with low cost prices.
Cockerill Sambre Arcelor has been for a long time a specialist ofmagnetic steel presenting very high magnetic permeability at low field
coupled with very low coercitivity and high saturation induction.
These steels previously developed by cold rolling and annealing up to
1,5 mm thickness, are now available from a new thermo-mechanical
hot rolling process up to 10 mm. This paper gives a summary of the
manufacturing process and improvements implemented as well as anWednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

50

overview of the difficulties encountered during this production.
Preliminary statistics obtained for the mechanical and magnetic steel
properties are presented. The low-carbon steel sheet is used to
manufacture yoke laminations which provide the return path for themagnetic flux and concurring to the mechanical rigidity of the LHC
dipole and quadra-pole structure in the new CERN accelerator in
Geneva. More over, some new applications begin to be developed forshielding effect of this steel in term of protection from the magnetic
field in some industrial activities.
Keywords: Silicon free magnetic steel; Core loss Shielding;Accelerator magnets; Permeability at lo w field; Hot rolled steel sheet

PP05104

Overview of New Vehicles for the Yamanashi
MAGLEV Test Line

Noriyuki Shirakuni, Yasukazu Endo, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Katsuya
Yamamoto
Central Japan Railway Co., Ltd Railway Technical Research Institute,Tokyo, JapanOn the Yamanashi MAGLEV Test Line, five years have passed since
the start of vehicle running tests in April 1997. During this period, theMLX01 train attained two world records: a single train traveling at a
speed of 552 km/h, and two trains passing each other at a relative
speed of 1,003 km/h. The cumulative distance covered by the trains
reached 210,000 km, and the number of passengers who rode the trains
in test rides exceeded 30,000 persons. Vehicle running tests forreliability and durability have been performed, and two new vehicles
have been designed and constructed, with attention to reduction of
total cost and improvement of comfort and aerodynamics. This paper
provides an overview of these new vehicles that are scheduled to begin
running on the Yamanashi MAGLEV Test Line in the summer of 2002
Keywords: MAGLEV vehicle, Yamanashi MAGLEV Test Line,superconducting magnet, magnetic levitation, aerodynamics.

PP05105

Durability Verification of the Practical Ground Coilfor Propulsion

Masao Suzuki, Tsuyoshi Fujimoto, Hiromori Ishihara
Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Central
Japan Railway Company, Tokyo, Japan

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

51

A huge number of ground coils will be required for outdoor use overan extended period of time. The verification of the durability of coilson the assumption of actual service conditions is really important insecuring the total reliability of the Magnetically Levitatedtransportation (MAGLEV ) system. We examined the durability using
the improved single layer coil for propulsion, which were laid on apart of the Yamanashi Test Line. The durability under the specified
performance was confirmed for a simulated 30-year service. As aresult, we could confirm the normality of the electric insulation
functions and found no mechanical damages such as cracking on themolded resin.
Keywords: MAGLEV, Ground Coil, Durability, Accelerative
Deterioration.

PP05106

The Development of the New-Type Guideway in the
Yamanashi Test Line

Satoru KATO, Takaaki NAGAOSA, Masaaki MIYAMOTO
Central Japan Railway Company, Japan; Railway Technical ResearchInstitute, Tokyo, JapanOn March 9 2000, the MAGLEV Technological Practicality
Evaluation Committee accepted that the superconducting MAGLEV
technology has the practicality for ultra-high speed mass transportation
system. In this paper, the development of the new-type guideway will
be presented. Its purpose is cost reduction, which is one of the subjects
for the further development
Keywords: MAGLEV, new-type guideway, cost reduction.

LECTURE SESSION 5B - TOPIC 5 - 13.40
Chairmen: M. Badoux, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Mantilleri, Geste Engineering SA, Lausanne,
Switzerland
PP05107

Experimental Research for the Liners of the
SWISSMETRO Tunnels

M. Badoux
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

52

Swissmetro is an innovative concept for a very high-speed
underground passenger transportation system. One of its features isthat the small diameter tunnels are under permanent partial vacuum.
This paper presents the results of an experimental research program
conducted on the behavior of concrete liners subjected to service
conditions of Swissmetro tunnels. In one series of tests air flow wasmeasured through cracked concrete subjected to a differential of airpressure. In a second series of tests, concrete elements were subjected
to a large number of cycles of pressure variations under partial vacuum
conditions to investigate possible degradation of the concrete surface
properties.
Keywords: Swissmetro tunnels; concrete liners; partial vacuum;pressure variations; surface degradation.

PP05108

SWISSMETRO - Air Permeability of Cracked
Concrete Plates

M. Badoux
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
The object of this paper is the prediction of the air flow through acracked concrete wall element. Experimental data from permeability
tests on large cracked reinforced concrete plates is used. The variationof the flow with the crack opening is investigated. A new empiricalexpression is developed for the calculation of the friction coefficientfor the flow of air through a concrete crack. It is based on the generalformulation of a turbulent or laminar flow of a gas between twoparallel surfaces. It is a function of the crack width and of the
maximum aggregate size of the concrete aggregate.
Keywords: Air flow; crack; friction coefficient; permeability;
reinforced concrete.

PP05109

Geological Aspects of Swissmetro, a Long DistanceHigh Speed Transport System

David Estoppey, Björn Oddsson, C. Shindler, Dr Streiff
Dr. Streiff AG, Rapperswil, Switzerland
The high-capacity passenger subway Swissmetro shall connect all
major cities in the northern Alpine foreland of Switzerland. In
addition, the neighboring traffic systems in the European countries
shall be included in the Swissmetro concept. In this project,geological, hydro-geological and geo-technical studies have beenWednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

53

conducted under particular consideration of technical and civilengineering related conditions and parameters. Some criticalgeological issues addressed in the study are presented in this paper.
The results of the study show that, from a geological and geo-technicalpoint of view, the feasibility of the Swissmetro project is favorable.
Keywords: Civil engineering, Engineering Geology, Geotechnics,
Swissmetro, Tunneling.

PP05202

Swissmetro: Aerodynamic Drag and Wave Effects in
Tunnels under Partial Vacuum

Michele Mossi, Stefano Sibilla
GESTE Engineering SA, Lausanne, Switzerland; Università di Pavia,
Pavia, Italy
The maximum allowed train velocity for given vehicle and tunnel
cross-section areas is limited by aerodynamic effects. These effects
influence the train power requirement, the traction energy costs, thepressure wave amplitude and, in a second time, the temperature
evolution into the tunnel. The knowledge of the unsteady aerodynamic
field around the train is therefore essential to the optimum choice of atunnel configuration, and mainly of the cross-section diameter and of
the presence and position of pressure relief ducts. In this paper, theaerodynamic field generated by a high-speed train traveling underpartial vacuum through the Basle -Zurich Swissmetro tunnel are
analyzed by means of quasi one-dimensional numerical simulations of
the induced air flow and thus of the computational doma in. Several
tunnel configurations at high blockage ratio are discussed, together
with the positive and negative effects of pressure relief ducts and ofpartial air vacuum. Results suggest that configurations consisting of
twin tunnels connected by pressure relief ducts near the end stations
should be preferred.
Keywords: Aerodynamics, drag, partial vacuum, pressure wave,
Swissmetro.

PP05203

Overview of the Aerodynamic Issues Associated withNew Ground Transport Systems

Bourquin V., Monkewitz P.A., Grégoire R.
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
New ground transport systems are being designed in many countries
around the world. The safety, the saturation and the environmental

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

54

problems associated with the existing systems based on fossil energy(namely cars and planes) is a sound motivation to develop moresustainable transport system. Aerodynamics plays a key role in thesustainability of these new transportation means. After the presentationof a general scope of the categories of transport systems, theexperimental facilities of the Laboratory of fluid mechanics of EPFL
are described and measurements of the unsteady skin friction behind aweek shock wave are presented.
Keywords: Aerodynamics, sustainability, sonic boom, pressure wave
propagation.

LECTURE SESSION 6B - TOPIC 5 - 16.20
Chairmen: M. Mossi, Geste Engineering SA, Lausanne,
Switzerland
V. Bourquin, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
PP05302

Ride Dynamics of General Atomics' Urban MAGLEVDavid W. Doll, Robert D. Blevins, Dilip Bhadra
General Atomics, San Diego, USA
The dynamics and ride quality of a new concept in Urban MAGLEV
design has been analyzed. The vehicles utilize permanent magnets(PM) arranged in Halbach arrays for levitation and a linear
synchronous motor (LSM) for propulsion. The vehicle was modeled in
one-dimension with two degrees-of-freedom (dof) using linear theory.
Next, the vehicle was modeled in six dof with MSC/NASTRAN
Motion, with the force input into the vehicle programmed to emulatemagnetic coupling with the guideway in levitation, drag andpropulsion. A control algorithm was incorporated into the propulsionthat simulated damping by adjusting the velocity in a feedback loop.
All six dof interacted dynamically. The results showed that the verticalaccelerations could meet the 8-hour comfort limit set by theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) and that thevehicle could be operated without creating instabilities in any of thesix degrees of freedom. Comparison of analytical results with test data
awaits construction of a full-scale test track.
Keywords: EDS, MAGLEV, Urban MAGLEV, LSM, PM.

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2
PP05303

55

Semi-active Suspension System for the Yamanashi
MAGLEV Vehicles

Hideyuki TAKIZAWA, Hironori HOSHINO, Hajime TAKAMI, Ken
WATANABE, Kimiaki SASAKI, Yasushi KARINO
Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Yamanashi
MAGLEV Test Center, Yamanashi, Japan
In order to improve the ride comfort of the Yamanashi MAGLEV
vehicles, a semi-active suspension system to control la teral vibrationsof the vehicle (lateral control) was designed. In 1999, adjustable
damping force dampers (adjustable dampers), accelerometers of thecar body that can function properly in magnetic fields, and semi-active
controller for the MAGLEV vehicle were developed. Vehicle -runningtests on the Yamanashi MAGLEV Test Line confirmed an
improvement of 3 dB in the lateral ride comfort. Although an
improvement in the lateral ride comfort was detected by humanperception, the vertical vibrations were perceived to be strong. In
2001, work commenced on the development of a semi-active
suspension system to control vertical vibrations (vertical control).
Characteristics of this vertical control are being confirmed in vehicle running tests. An improvement of 2 dB was confirmed so far. This
paper describes an overview of the application of the semi-active
suspension system on the vehicles of the Yamanashi MAGLEV Test
Line, and the results of vehicle -running tests.
Keywords: Adjustable damper, MAGLEV, ride comfort, semi-active
suspension, Yamanashi MAGLEV Test Line.

PP05305

Stable Suspension of the Bodies in Dynamic Potential
Wells.

Gorsky O., Dzenzersky V., Zeldina E.
Transmag Research Institute, Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine
Dynamic potential wells have been proposed in ninetieth. The main
peculiarity of the dynamics revealed is next: stable suspension of
bodies but weak dependencies on geometrical parameters. Counter
flux short-circuit contours used as electro-dynamical counterpart increation of dynamic potential well do increase the sensibility ofsuspension of bodies to the geometrical parameters. The main featuresof the dynamics in such a system are extracted in the present work.

Wednesday, September 4, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2
PP05306

56

Analysis of Dynamics and Stability of a High-Speed
Vehicle with Electrodynamics Levitation andGuidance

V.A. Dzenzersky, N.M. Khatchapuridze, N.A. Radchenko, A.A. Zevin
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine
Some methods and numerical results on dynamics and stability of a
MAGLEV vehicle with discrete track structure obtained in theInstitute of transport systems and technology of the National Academyof Sciences of Ukraine are discussed.

PP05309

Route Alignment and Riding Quality Considerationsof Guideways for the MAGLEV TRANSRAPID

Gerd Jansen, Andreas Trunk, Hans-Jürgen Marx
Ingenieur- und Vermessungsbüro, Oberhausen, Germany

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

57

LECTURE SESSION 7A - TOPIC 3 - 10.20
Chairmen: T. Eastham, University of Science and Technology
G. Coquery, INRETS, Arcueil, France
PP03101

General Atomics
Development

Urban

Maglev

Technology

In-Kum Kim, Robert Kratz, David Doll
General Atomics, San Diego, USA; Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, Livermore, USA
Key technical aspects of the U.S. Urban Maglev project are reported.
The selected technology is based on the principle of electro-dynamic
suspension (EDS) for levitation and a linear synchronous motor (LSM)
for propulsion. High field permanent magnets (PM) arranged into
Halbach arrays are used on the vehicle for levitation, guidance andpropulsion. The U.S. Urban Maglev project is a Federal Transit
Administration (FTA) sponsored program directed toward
development of Maglev technology for urban mass transportation in
the United States.
Keywords: Maglev, Urban Maglev, permanent magnet (PM)PP03104

Evaluation Method Of MAGLEV For Introducing
Urban Transport In Japan

Takeshi MIZUMA, Yasuhiro SATO
National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Tokyo, JAPANMAGLEV has many merits in introducing urban transport in Japan,
for examples, low noise, comfortable riding, high performances ofacceleration and etc. However, in comparison with other conventional
urban transports, it is difficult to clarify and determine merits
quantitatively because there are many competitive items. Therefore, inthis paper, we express simulation and evaluation method forcomparing with several urban transportation systems throughcalculating running data and evaluation items. Through this method,
we can extract merits of MAGLEV quantitatively for introducing inJapan.
Keywords: Urban MAGLEV, evaluation method, simulation.

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1
PP03105

58

Air Suspended And LIM Propulsion Transit System
And Next Generation PRT

Ryo SHINDOH, Takeshi MIZUMA, Atsushi DEGUCHI, Manabu
SUGANUMA
Nippon Otis Elevator Compan3, Japan; Japan National Traffic Safety
and Environment Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
Through this method, we can extract merits of MAGLEV
quantitatively for introducing in Japan. In 2000, after the practicability
evaluation with minute examinations, the system was approved to besuitable for use as a public transportation system. This paper describes
its characteristic technologies and its evaluation test result which had
been discussed by the committee. And at present, one new plan isprepared for putting an advanced LIM Shuttle called “Next Generation
PRT” into practical use as a new public transportation system for the
next future.
Keywords: Air pad, air suspension, linear induction motor (LIM).

PP03106

Booster concepts for increase of traction effort

Th. Werle, M. Hofmann, A. Binder
Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
For modern locomotives with high mechanical power it is difficult to
get the traction force onto the rail in case of bad weather conditions.
With additional linear drives or with DC magnets mounted beneath thebogie of the locomotives it is possible to increase the traction effort.
Different types of these booster concepts are compared.
Keywords: AC- and DC-linear drives, Booster concepts, Increase of
traction effort, 3D numerical calculation.

PP03108

A new Elevator System and its Implementation

Thomas Dünser-Romeo Delplazes
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; Schindler
AG, Ebikon, Switzerland
To reduce the need of space of an elevator system in high-risebuildings and such with a high volume of traffic, a completely newelevator system must be developed. As a revolutionary idea, the new
system lets move several cabins at the same time in one shaft,switching to another shaft if the route is blocked. Combined with thepossibility to use smaller cabins by taxi rides, a major improvement ofThursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

59

the main aspects of an elevator system can be expected. Herein,
managing the additional degrees of freedom compared with today’s
system will be a key issue. This study’s goal is to analyze the effect ofthe most important elements of an elevator shaft layout on the traffic
volume regarding the technical implementation.
Keywords: Economy of Space Shaft layout components Traffic
performance.

LECTURE SESSION 8A - TOPICS 3, 8 - 13.40
Chairmen: A. Rufer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
K. Vollenwyder, Bombardier Transportation, Kingston,
CanadaPP03201

The Aesthetics of Superlight Design

Christian Harbeke, Gregor Huhn
NOSE Applied Intelligence, Zurich, Switzerland; Deutsche Bahn AG,
Germany
The interior design of a magnetic levitation train has to meet
exceptional technical requirements. On the other hand, it has toprovide a fascinating and satisfying passenger experience. The
development of two very different solutions will be explained: theinteriors of the Transrapid TR08 as an example for a long distanceapplication and the interior concepts for the Airport Express Munich
and the Metrorapid in Nordrhein-Westfalen as an example for a moremetropolitan solution.
Keywords: Aesthetic, Industrial Design, Interior Design, Metrorapid,
Transrapid TR08.

PP03301

The Correction Of The Functional State Of Crews Of
Magnitolevitative Vehicles

V.A. Dzenzersky, S.V. Plaksin, J.N. Kulikovich, I.I. Sokolovsky
Ukrainian National Academy of Science, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
The complex of physio-corrective and physiotherapeutic measures
including effect on an organism of the person individually fitted lowintensity (of a sub-thermal level) by electromagnetic fields of range
extremely of high frequencies (30-300 GHz) and variable magnetic
fields of special vector - frequency (polarization) frame, taking into

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

60

account a spatial pattern of own electromagnetic fields of the person,
geomagnetic and electromagnetic fields of space is submitted. It isdemonstrated, that it is possible to consider actuation of low-intensity
electromagnetic fields in an arsenal of means on correction of aphysiological state of the crew personal.
Keywords: Magnitolevitative transportation facilities (MTF), crew,
traffic safety, cosmic physical fields, variable magnetic f ields.

PP08101

Improved Magnetic Modeling of EMS MAGLEVLEVITATORS

Castelli Dezza Francesco, Di Gerlando Antonino, Foglia Gianmaria
Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
The paper presents an improved model of the magnetic circuit of two
kinds of EMS MAGLEV levitators (one with coils only and the otherone of the hybrid kind, with coils and permanent magnets): this modelallows to obtain sensible enhancements both in evaluating theoperating quantities, and in the levitation control. The introduced
improvements concern the evaluation of the air-gap quantities (fluxes
and forces) and the estimation of the leakage parameters (coil andpermanent magnet leakage fluxes):- the evaluation of the air-gap quantities is performed by means ofmathematical expressions, deduced by the analytical investigationof the fields (method of the conformal transformations, inparticular the Schwartz and Christoffel transformation); the resultsof these mathematical expressions have been validated by FEM
analyses;- the evaluation of the leakage parameters is operated on the basis of
the actual field distribution, obtained by FEM analyses.
The obtained improvements are shown:- by evaluating fluxes and forces in different operating conditions,and comparing these values with the results obtained by theclassical modeling;- by showing some levitation tests measurements, discussing theenhancements obtained by the use of the improved modeling.
Keywords: EMS MAGLEV, magnetic circuit modeling.

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1
PP08102

61

Design of Scaled Prototypes of EMS MAGLEVLEVITATORS, Based on an Improved Magnetic
Modeling

Castelli Dezza Francesco, Di Gerlando Antonino, Foglia Gianmaria
Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
This paper describes the design steps of two types of MAGLEV
levitators, the first equipped with coils only and the other hybrid (coils+ permanent magnets); the design has two features:- the studied levitator is conceived in electromagnetic similitudewith a real one;
- the design is based on an improved modeling of the quantities
concerning the air-gap.
After the analysis of the criteria used for the similitude, the paper
shows the design of the two levitator types.
Keywords: EMS MAGLEV, EMS MAGLEV design.

PP08103

Fuzzy Control Of A magnetic Levitation System For a
Linear Drive And Comparison With a State Control

J. Van Goethem, F. Weber, G. Henneberger
Aachen Institute of Technology, Aachen, Germany
In this paper a fuzzy levitation controller for a one degree of
freedom MAGLEV application is designed and its performance iscompared with the performance of a state controller. The comparison
is based on both simulation and measurement results. The MAGLEV
application is a levitation/propulsion head of an autonomoustransportation vehicle with a nominal air gap value of 2.5 mm. First anonlinear model of the system is presented. After a short description of
the state controller the design of the fuzzy controller is specified.
Simulations with noisy signals indicate the noise sensitiveness of the
fuzzy controller as a major drawback. Measurements acknowledge thisfact. It is shown that for this application the state controller is a better
choice because of its robust performance.
Keywords: Fuzzy Control, MAGLEV, State Control.

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1
PP08104

62

Design of EMS-Magnetically Levitated System Based
On Genetic Algorithm

Shinichi KUSAGAWA, Jumpei BABA, Katuhiko SHUTOH, Eisuke
MASADA
Faculty of Science & Technology Science University of Tokyo, Japan
The primary objective of the electromagnetic suspension system is toprovide stable suspension under all operating conditions. The actuatorthat provides the basic suspension force is an electromagnet; its design
is influenced by the dynamic considerations (stability, riding comfort,etc), as well as static characteristics, e.g. power requirement and power
loss in the magnet, weight of the magnet and the configuration of themagnet-guideway. In addition, the electromagnet should be capable ofproviding an adequate margin of safety without excessive increase inmagnet weight/power input.
Then, in this paper, in order to achieve design optimization of theelectromagnetic suspension sys-tem (EMS) for magnetically levitatedvehicle on its dynamic performance and weight, a design scheme
based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The optimum systemparameters are searched by GA. Better coordination between
component design and vehicle dynamics is obtained on the HSST-typesystem operating in the medium velocity around 200km/h.
Keywords: MAGLEV, EMS, Genetic Algorithm, static performance,
dynamic performance

LECTURE SESSION 9A - TOPIC 8 - 16.20
Chairmen: H. Bleuler, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
P. Barrade, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
PP08108

Magnetic Levitation Control of Thin Steel Plate with
Reduced Number of Gap Sensors Using Real-Time
Finite Element Vibration Analysis

Masanori Sase, Susumu Torii
Musashi Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Contact-less magnetic levitation system is required for thetransportation of the thin steel plate. When the thin steel plate isThursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1

63

levitated by the plural electromagnets, there are interactions ofsupporting forces as the action points and the consideration of the
dynamic vibration is therefore necessary. This paper proposes themagnetic levitation control of thin steel plates using the real-time finite
element analysis of the vibration. This system aims at the stablelevitation by presuming the vibration of the plate and observing theforce of the electromagnet. At the time of the levitation control the thinsteel plate by the plural electromagnets, it is necessary to combine thegap sensor and the electromagnet. The proposal system presumes thedisplacement of the other point. Therefore, this system can omit the
gap sensor on other point.
Keywords: Magnetic levitation, thin steel plate, finite element method,
vibration analysis, sensor-less control.

PP08109

The Magnetic Levitation System with Two Desired
Values to Suppress the Elastic Vibration of the Thin
Steel Sheets

Gen UCHIMIDO, Susumu TORII
Musashi Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
High quality and high efficiently transfer of the manufacture process
are required with thin steel sheets of the thickness 0.3-1.2mili-metersthat is in demand the highest in the steel industry. The thin steel sheets
should be transported without cracks on the surface and theunevenness of lubricating oil in the field of producing steel-ware. The
non-contact transportation of thin steel sheets by magnetic levitation is
one of the solutions. It is proposed in this paper that the levitation
system with two desired values to prevent transverse waves frompropagating along the plate. The system with two desired values can
set up a differentiation gain highly, therefore, vibration can becontrolled rather than the independent system. The system with twodesired values can control progressive wave. These experiments prove
the system with two desired values is more effective than the
independent system.
Keywords: Thin steel sheets, PID-Control, vibration, simulation andexperiment

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions A - CO1
PP0820164

Improvement of the Damping Using the Active
Damper Coils System in the Superconducting
Magnetically Levitated Bogie

Shunsuke OHASHI
Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
Numerical simulation of the superconducting magnetically levitatedbogie (JR MAGLEV) has been studied. This system, which is basedon the side wall electrodynamic suspension (EDS), keeps the air-gap
length at about 10 cm. Although the EDS system has the advantage of
stable levitation without active control, the result of the numericalsimulation shows that the damping factor of the levitation system issmall. So the active damper coil system has been proposed. Copper
coil is installed in front of the superconducting coil on the bogie as
damper system. We have designed damper coils to increase thedamping against vertical oscillation. Running simulation of the bogie
considering the limitation of the power supply is undertaken. The
active damper coil system decreases amplitude of the oscillation anddamping factor becomes large, and its effect is confirmed bynumerical analysis.
Keywords: Magnetic levitation, Electrodynamic suspension, Damping,
Active damper, Numerical analysis

PP08202

Optimized design of 8-figure null-flux coils in EDS

MURAI Toshiaki, YOSHIOKA Hiroshi, IWAMATSU Masaru,
SAWADA Kazuo
Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
This paper describes the design of 8-figure null-flux coils to optimize
not only the basic performance for levitation, guidance and propulsion
but also the vibration of superconducting magnets. By using both
optimization program and modal analysis, we reveal the relationshipbetween the characteristics and the dimensions of 8-figure coils.
Keywords: Magnetic levitation, linear motor, optimization,
superconducting magnet, modal analysis.

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO265

LECTURE SESSION 7B - TOPICS 4, 6 - 10.20
Chairmen: A. Rufer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
D. Vernez, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
PP06101

Safety Evaluation and Assessment of Materials andAssembly Technologies for Vehicle TR08

Steinert Winfried - Keller Uwe
Institute for Software, Electronics, Railroad Technology (ISEB),
Cologne, Germany
The different materials and assembling technologies used for the
structure and claddings of carriage body and MAGLEV undercarriageof the TR08 will be presented. Sufficient dimensioning andverification of the mechanical structure elements will also bedemonstrated, exemplified taking special consideration of the plastic,
adhesive bonding, laser welding and blind joint techniques.
Keywords: Vehicle TR08, structure, assessment, tests.

PP06102

Swissmetro: Safety Aspects Related to the Low
Pressure Environment

David Vernez
GESTE Engineering SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
Due to both the high travel speed and tunnel length planned in the
future Swissmetro system, reducing aerodynamic constraints andexcavation costs is of utmost importance. The solution chosen is tomaintain a low pressure atmosphere in the tunnel. The low pressure,which will likely range between 10 kPa and 25 kPa, may be a sourceof health hazards for the passengers. The potential adverse effects may
be direct, in case of an accidental decompression, or indirect in case offire or vehicle stoppage inside the tunnel. A hazard analysis has been
carried out during the Swissmetro Main Study in order to assess theeffects of the low pressure. A review of the data available in otherfields, such as aviation and diving medicine, as well as numeric
simulation have been performed during this study. The results arebriefly discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Hazard analysis, Low pressure, Fire, Confinement,
Numeric simulations.

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2
PP06201

66

Radiowave Informative - Control System For
Magneto-levitation Vehicles With Electro-dynamic
Suspension

V.A. Dzenzersky, I.I. Sokolovsky, S.V. Plaksin, L.M. Pogorelaya
Ukrainian National Academy of Science, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
It is presented conception of the building of the radio wave
informative-control system for magneto-levitation vehicles on the baseof the use the electromagnetic waves of super-high-frequency (SHF)(mm-waves) range. The system includes marker-communicative
magistral waveguide, established along active travel structure, having
the apertures for the communication with SHF-generator, establishedon platform, ultra fast without contact auto-generative meters of the
distance between platform, active travel structure and lateral directing.
These meters solve the problem of the determination of the spatial
position of the vehicle. The control system contains the auto
generative meters of the magnetic field in backlash with anopportunity of transfer of the information on the radio channel as wellas contains the device of an information handling and control of theactive traveling structure excitation coils.
Keywords: Control radio wave system, magneto levitation, transport
vehicle, spatial position, marker-communicative magistral wave guide,
travel structure, meters of the distance.

PP04301

Novel Feeding System for MAGLEV Aiming at Cost
Reduction

Hidenori SHIGEEDA, Hisao OHTSUKI
Central Japan Railway Company, Tokyo, Japan
We suggest replacement of the existing triplex feeding system forsuperconducting MAGLEV with a novel duplex system to reduce
system costs. Two types of duplex feeding systems are under
examination, each having a problem. This paper describes
compositions and characteristics of each duplex feeding system.
Keywords: MAGLEV, linear synchronous motor (LSM), feeding
system for MAGLEV.

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

67

PP04302

for

Propulsion System and Power
TRANSRAPID Commercial Lines

SupplyRolf Hellinger, Jürgen Nothhaft, Makus Engel
Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
The contract for implementing the world’s first TRANSRAPID
commercial line was signed in Shanghai on January 21, 2001. It is tolink the new Pudong International Airport with the Long Yang Road
Station on Metro line 2, situated in the Pudong financial centre, from2003 on. A peak operating speed of 430 km/h is envisaged on this 30
km long line with 3 vehicles consisting of 6 sections each. The
structure of the propulsion system including power supply developed
for commercial lines - for which the Transportation Systems (TS)division of Siemens AG is responsible - is presented below. This
structure fulfils the application requirements such as modular design,operation of several vehicles on one line, operation velocity andavailability. In addition the derived design for the Shanghai MAGLEVTransportation Project (SMTP) is shown. A short overview of the
project progress - as far as propulsion system and power supply areconcerned - is given.
Keywords: Commercial Line, Propulsion System, Power Supply,
Shanghai, TRANS RAPID.

LECTURE SESSION 8B –TOPICS 4, 9 - 13.40
Chairmen: A. Morini, University of Padova, Italy
M. Jufer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
PP04303

Sensorless Control
MAGLEV

SystemofSuperconducting

Shunsaku KOGA, Jun-ichi KITANO, Shikeo KAGA
Central Japan Railway Company, Tokyo, Japan; Railway TechnicalResearch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
In this paper, we propose both driving and lateral sensorless control
system using the Electromotive Force (EMF). The main purpose of
these controls is reduction of the construction cost and running cost.
With driving sensorless control, we can omit the cross-inductive radio
system that we have to lay along the guideway accurately. The
principal of the driving control system using the EMF and theThursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

68experimental results at the speed of 0km/h to 400km/h in the
Yamanashi MAGLEV Test Line are reported in this paper. The new
method of estimating the initial phase at the stopping point that can’tbe estimated from EMF is proposed too. With lateral sensorle ss
control, we can reduce the running cost. Lateral control enhances thelateral guidance forces and the lateral dumping forces. Enhancing thelateral guidance forces allows the MAGLEV train to land stably at thelow speed. With this effect we can reduce the running cost of the tier.
Enhancing the lateral dumping forces improves the riding comfort.
The concept of the lateral control with the deviation of both side EMF
and the results of the running test are reported.
Keywords: Driving control, Electromotive Force (EMF), MAGLEV,
Lateral control, Linear synchronous motor (LSM).

PP04304

The Effect Analysis of MAGLEV on the Voltage ofPower System

Zhang Ruihua, Yan Luguang, Xu Shangang, Zuo Zhenyu
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
As a special load in the power system, high-speed MAGLEV has an
obvious impact on the power system. The effect of MAGLEV on thenode voltage is studied and a new model is presented. Compared withtraditional models, this model can be used to analyze the effect of
MAGLEV on voltage more accurately. This paper will further the
study about the MAGLEV impact on the power system.
Keywords: Active Power, Impact Load, MAGLEV, Power Supply
System.

PP04401

Swissmetro: Energy Balance of the Basle-Zurich Link

Alain Cassat, Nicolas Macabrey, Vincent Bourquin
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland; GESTEEngineering SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
The idea behind Swissmetro is a public transportation system between
the main cities of Switzerland, designed for a speed up to 500 [km/h]
in two tubes (tunnels) under partial vacuum. Each 6 [min], a vehicle,
carrying 200 passengers, would travel without contact to theinfrastructure through an application of linear motor technology,
magnetic levitation and guidance. The energy consumption of thesystem will be low, due to the reduced air resistance. This publication
describes the electromechanical component consumption and more

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

69

particularly the energy balance applied to the Swissmetro Basle -Zurichlink. The energy balance considers different parameters such as thevehicle length, the speed or travel time, the mechanical motor
maximum power. Specific aspects such as: the motor distribution; thepower supply; the energy of the stations and the vacuum pumps areparts of the evaluation.
Keywords: Aerodynamic drag force, energy balance levitation,
guidance, propulsion, power supply, Swissmetro.

PP09101

Optimization of Inductive Energy Transmission
Systems with an Extraordinarily Large Air Gap

Rudolf Mecke
Institut f. Automation u. Kommunikation Magdeburg, Barleben,
Germany
Inductive energy transmission through a large air gap is becoming
more and more attractive especially for automatic battery charging
stations and for energy supply of inductively powered electric vehicles
and other movable consumers. The paper investigates the influence ofgeometrical and electrical parameters on energy transmission throughair gaps of several hundred millimeters. The investigations are carriedout by means of magnetic flux simulation and measurements. The
transferable electric power and the efficiency of magnetic assemblies
with large air gaps can be considerably improved by using higher
transmission frequencies in the range of several hundred kilohertz.
Keywords: Flux model, Magnetic devices, Power transmission,
Systems engineering.

PP09201

High Speed MAGLEV Conveyor for Bulk Materials

E.G. Knolle
Knolle Magnetrans, South San Francisco, U.S.A.
In the U.S.A. today, consumer goods, especially foods, are transported
on the average for about 2000 miles (3200 Km) before reaching end
users. This is a ten-fold increase over what it was about 100 years ago.
A similar change has occurred in the rest of the world, where likewise
the population has moved from the country to the cities. This broughtwith it increased road and rail freight traffic and increased need fortransportation fuels, which also need to come from increasingly moredistant locations. However, much of the cost and energy used for long
distance transportation, especially bulk materials, like crude oil, liquidThursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

70

natural gas (LNG), coal and grain, can be greatly reduced by using
MAGLEV freight conveyors, and it can thereby be made simpler, lessintrusive, more direct and more consumer friendly. Here described is alightweight, low cost, high capacity MAGLEV conveyor suitable fortransporting 2,000,000 barrels/day of crude oil 1,500 miles (2,400 Km)
from Kazakhstan to the nearest port, 100,000,000 tons/year of coal 800
miles (1,300 Km) from New Mexico to California power plants,
10,000,000 bushels/day.
Keywords: Conveyor, oil, LNG, LIM, MAGLEV.

PP09202

Development of a Distributed Type Linear Generator

Takamitsu YAMAMOTO, Hitoshi MATSUE, Shigehisa KUSADA,
Hitoshi HASEGAWA, Takashi SANO, Tomoo SHIBA
Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Central Japan
Railway, Co, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Hitachi, Co, Ltd., Japan Tokyo,
Japan; Electric MFG, Co, Ltd., 3-8 Fukuura Kanazawaku
Yokohamashi Kanagawa, JapanThe superconducting MAGLEV has a special feature that it has nocontact with any ground object when it runs at high velocity.
Therefore, we must develop a new auxiliary power system for
MAGLEV, and have developed a distributed-type linear generator.
This system has abilities not only to generate power but also to
improve the ride comfort by generating damping force. We
manufactured this system for the vehicle of Yamanashi Test Line. In
this time, we introduce the construction of this generator, and theresults of this system at the Yamanashi Test Line.
Keywords: Auxiliary power system, improvement of ride comfort,
linear generator, PWM converter.

LECTURE SESSION 9B - TOPIC 9 - 16.20
Chairmen: A. Morini, University of Padova, Italy
M. Jufer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
PP09203

Swissmetro: Design Methods for Ironless Linear
Transformer

Nicolas Macabrey
GESTE Engineering SA, Lausanne, Switzerland

Thursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

71

Among the various contactless electromechanical equipments used inhigh speed MAGLEV systems, the function of energy transfer is, inpractice, not easy to implement. The two main classes of components
are the linear generators and the linear transformers. The latter havethe advantage of being insensitive to the vehicle speed. They alsopresent interesting potential for the industrial applications.
Nevertheless, if the ironless linear transformer has a particularly
simple structure, its design is not trivial. This paper gives some
information about the methods to use, to design and calculate a multiprimary linear transformer, considering various external constrains.
Keywords: Swissmetro, contactless energy transfer, design method,linear transformer.

PP09501

Fuel Cell Sytems for Electrical Vehicles: Solutions,
Modelling and Test Benches Design

S. Hamandi, M. C. Péra, D. Hissel, J. M Kauffmann, F. Badin
UTBM-UFC-LRE T-31 INRETS, Belfort, FranceThis papers present the modeling of fuel cell (FC) power generator
oriented toward the integration into electrical vehicle simulation. Firsta brief description of the FC priciples as well as the benefits of theProton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology foe
automotive applications are given. Next, the model of the whole fuelcell system that has been implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink
environment is described. Finally, after a brief description of a test
bench dedicated to PEMFC, experimental results are compared withthose obtained using the proposed simulation model.
Keywords: Electrical vehicle, fuel cell system, hybrid vehicle,
modeling, test bench.

PP09503

Thermal Study of Supercapacitor Serial ResistanceH. Gualous, D. Bouquain, A. Berthon, J.M. Kauffmann
Laboratoire d’Electronique, Electrotechnique et Systèmes (L2ES),
UTBM-UFC- LRE T-31 INRETS, Belfort, France.
The electric serial resistance ESR of supercapacitor cell is strongly
dependent on the electric resistivity of the electrolyte used and of thesize of the ions from the electrolyte that diffuse into and out the poresof the microporouse electrode particles. Supercapacitor efficiency is afunction of electric serial resistance (ESR). To use supercapacitor intransportation and because of supercapacitor power dissipation, it isThursday, September 5, 2002 - Lecture Sessions B - CO2

72

necessary to characterize the thermal variation of ESR. This paper
discusses the thermal behavior of the supercapacitor ESR.
Experimental study is reported. ESR is determined for different
supercapacitor temperatures. Based on experimental results, ananalytic model is proposed to be implemented with Saber software forsimulation.
Keywords: Supercapacitors, supercapacitor serial resistance, thermal
characterization, thermal modeling of supercapacitor.

PP09504

Considerations on the Energy Efficiency of aSupercapacitive Tank

P. Barrade, A. Rufer
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
Supercapacitors are electrochemical double layer capacitors, dedicatedfor the energy storage. Even if the energy density is still lower thanthat one of batteries, the supercapacitors are defined with a higher
power density. The main advantage of that property is the time forcharging and discharging the energy that can be strongly reduced. The
limitation in the reduction of that time is defined by the series resistorof the supercapacitors, which defines the energy efficiency of thecomponent. This has to be taken into account for the sizing of asupercapacitor tank, to identify the energy efficiency of that tank andto avoid any over-sizing of the storage system. This paper presents amethod for the calculation of the energy efficiency of asupercapacitive bank, together with design criterion to size asupercapacitor tank taking into account the energy efficiency
Keywords: Energy efficiency, Energy storage, Supercapacitors.