Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of theADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on themaps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by theADRC.

Earthquake Building Risk Assessmentin Sana’a city, Yemen

Prepared by:Moneer Abdullah Al-Masni
Seismological and Volcanological Observatory Center (SVOC)

Ministry of Oil & Minerals• Building Damage Prediction at Sana’a city by
Developing Historical Earthquake Scenarios andinvestigate the behavior of buildings during thestrong earthquakes.
•Improvement our Disaster Management
Planning through rising preparedness at citylevel.

GENERAL INFORMATIONSAUDIARABIA

Location:

Topography
The country’s
topography ofRugged
Mountains,
Volcanic
Highlands,Deserts, andCoastal plains.

Geo-Tectonic
Geosetting

OMAN

Red
SEA

Yemen is located in
the southern west of
the Arabian peninsula.

AREA :
528,000 km², 21
Governorate
POPULATION:
22 million.

Geology and Tectonic

GULF OF ADEN

(Arabian plate)is bordered by
active seismiczone : the Red
Sea from thewest and Gulf ofAden from thesouth..

Earthquakes in Yemen and Sana’a region

Recent Earthquakes

Historical Earthquakes

Identified Yemenis Building Types

Example : Un-Reinforcement Masonry Building types (URM)

Ｂｕｒｎｔ
Brick

Ｂｕｒｎｔ
Brick＋stoneblockclay

Example : Reinforcement Masonry Building types (RM) filled by block stone and bricks

Concrete Filled by stones ＆brickConcrete Filled by blockExample : Reinforcement Masonry Building types (RM) filled by stone

Concrete Filled by Heavy stones

Concrete Filled by Heavy stones

Concrete Filled by light stones

Building inventory and Data Base Preparation.

Building Distribution in Sana’a City

5314RC+Block
RC+Stone4038

Masonary block/stone
Masonary bricks
Masonary clay

Example for Classification of Building Types
According to Existing Database
Construction Type ( I )1.Reinforced concrete building filled with Blok
2.Reinforced concrete building filled with Stone
3. Masonry (Stone/concrete Block) buildings
4. Masonry (Bricks) buildings
5. Masonry (Clay) buildings

Number of stories ( J )1. Low -rise (1-3 stories)
2. Mid -rise (4-6 stories)
3. High-rise (more than 6 stories)

Construction date ( K )1. Construction year: Pre-1982
2. Construction year: Post-1982

Seismic level Design in Buildings ー HAZUS

pre-code

Low-code

Example Results of Buildings classification
Low- rise Concrete Frame fill with Block , 1-3 story
0305

Old sana`aMid- rise Concrete Frame fill with Block , 4-6 story

2174

4494

3067

154

Azal

2231
2205

3595

015

Shuaub109

Old sana`a226

Shuaub112
181

Al-Safiya
Al-Sabain

5848

294

321

Al-Tahrir

1519
2232

76

Ma`ainAl-Thawra

Al-Thawra

Bani_Al-harith

Bani_Al-harith

Dhawahi Hamdan

Dhawahi Hamdan

Sanhan - Bani_ Bahlol

065942436942112

123

Low- rise Masonry (Bricks) , 1-3 story

43430

Shuaub

718

Azal

187

73298

Old sana`a442

ShuaubAzal

Al-Safiya

274

Al-Safiya

Al-Sabain

783

Al-Sabain
Al-Wahdah

Al-Wahdah
Al-Tahrir

29

Sanhan - Bani_ Bahlol

Old sana`a86

Al-Wahdah
Al-Tahrir

112

Ma`ainHigh-rise Concrete Frame fill with Block , > 6 story

Al-Safiya
Al-Sabain

Al-Wahdah

6377

Azal

111

7576
271

Al-Thawra

Al-Thawra
Bani_Al-harith
Dhawahi Hamdan
Sanhan - Bani_ BahlolAl-TahrirMa`ain

Ma`ain274

Bani_Al-harith

552

Dhawahi Hamdan
Sanhan - Bani_ Bahlol

Application Of HAZUS Methodology in Sana’aＥａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ Ｒｉｓｋ Ａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ

diagram show the methodology used for risk assessment analysis

Simulation of Earthquake Scenarios.

Development of Earthquake Scenarios.
HamdanEQ

Sana’ city

DhamarEQ

Figure shows the location of earthquakes used for scenario damage assessment

Ｓｉｔｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ ，Soil Conditions and Classification
Based on AVS30m and NEHRP guidelines
geological unites divided to 3 GroupsAB

C

Attenuation Model and soil conditionLn ( (S A ) = b1 + b 2 ( M − 6 ) + b 3 ( M − 6 ) 2 + b 5 Ln ( r ) + bvLn (Vs)
VA

Wherer =2r jb + h2And

b1 = 
b 1 ss

For strike-Slip earthquakesb 1 Rv For reverse Slip earthquakes
If mechanism not specified
b 1 all10
9.5

is spectral acceleration to be derived
are constants provided with the equationis the magnitude of the earthquake
is the horizontal distance from epicenter
the shear wave velocity of the soil classprovided by NEHRP classification

Wald_Soil_B
Bendimerad_Soil_B
Wald_Soil_C

9Imm

SAb1,b2,b3,b5,bv
M
rjb
Vs

8.5

Bendimerad_Soil_C
Wald_Soil_D8

Bendimerad_Soil_D

7.5
76.5
65.5

Imm= 1.6 * Ln PGA+ 0.545 * Mw +5.78

50102030

40

Distance (Km)

5060

70

Seismic Intensity MAP
DHAMAR_ＥＱ
ＥＱ.
ＥＱ SCENARIO

ＥＱ.
HAMDAN_ＥＱ
ＥＱ SCENARIO
44 °0'0" E

44 °10 '0 "E

4 4°2 0'0"E

44 °30 '0"E<all other values>
15°50'0" N

44°10'0 "E

44°20 '0"E

44°30'0" E

1 5°5 0'0"N

15 °50'0" N

HamdINTs
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.7
3.9
4
4.3
4.6
4.8
4.9
55.2
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
6.1
6.2

44°0 '0"E

15 °50'0" N

DHM_INT
2.9
3.3

15°40'0" N

1 5°4 0'0"N

15 °40'0" N

15 °40'0" N

3.4
3.5
3.6

15°30'0" N

3.9

1 5°3 0'0"N

15 °30'0" N

15 °30'0" N

4
4.3
15°20'0" N

4.4

15 °20'0" N

1 5°2 0'0"N

15 °20'0" N

4.5
4.6
15°10'0" N

4.7

15 °10'0" N

1 5°1 0'0"N

15 °10'0" N55.7
44 °0'0" E

44 °10 '0 "E

4 4°2 0'0"E

44 °30 '0"E

44°0 '0"E

44°10'0 "E

44°20 '0"E

44°30'0" E

Spectral Acceleration MAP
Short period Spectral Acceleration MAP、０．２、０．２s、０．２Long period Spectral Acceleration MAP、１．０、１．０s、１．０

DHAMAR_ＥＱ
ＥＱ.
ＥＱ SCENARIO

ＥＱ.
DHMAR_ＥＱ
ＥＱ SCENARIO
44°0'0"E

DHM_SS44° 10'0"E

44°20'0"E

4 4°0 '0" E

44°30'0"E

15°50'0"N

15°50'0"N

0.036

15°40'0"N

0.018

1 5°4 0'0"N

15 °40 '0" N

1 5°3 0'0"N

15 °30 '0" N

1 5°2 0'0"N

15 °20 '0" N

1 5°1 0'0"N

15 °10 '0" N

0.02

0.066

0.021

0.077
15°30'0"N

15°30'0"N

0.024

0.081

0.025

0.083

0.026

0.098

0.03

0.1

0.036
15°20'0"N

15°20'0"N

0.106

0.038
0.043

0.107

0.044

0.108
0.113

15 °50 '0" N

0.019

0.065

0.109

1 5°5 0'0"N

0.016
15°40'0"N

0.06

0.101

44° 30 '0 " E

0.012

0.052

0.08

44° 20'0 "E

0.011

0.037
0.056

DHM_S1

4 4°1 0'0 "E

0.046
15°10'0"N

15°10'0"N

0.047

0.12

0.049

0.128

0.052
0.068

0.159
44°0'0"E

44° 10'0"E

44°20'0"E

44°30'0"E

0.071

4 4°0 '0" E

4 4°1 0'0 "E

44° 20'0 "E

44° 30 '0 " EＢｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ Damage Analysis

１）Building
１）Building Response Calculation

２）Building
Fragility Curves
２）

Set up Input building data base and site condition ａｓ HAZUS Method

Calculation Fault , fragility and capacity parameters

Calculation Vulnerability curves for all URM(Block) buildings

Calculation Vulnerability curves for all RM(Rc+stone) buildings

Calculation Vulnerability curves for all URM(bricks) buildings

Calculation Vulnerability curves for all URM(clay) buildings

Expected Damage on buildings caused by Dhamar EQ .Scenario
DHAM AR EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO
Probability of Total B uilding Damage _RM Class bas e d on Hight le ve l
(low-ris e ,M id-rise and High rise )Low-rise bu ildin gs
Mid-rise bu ildin gs
Hi gh -rise bu ildin gs

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

lrity aub 'zaah ain dah hri 'ain rah rith an lol hab ihmNd C hu' Az af i'y Sab ah t Ta Ma thao l Ha amd Bah ArSWsOl
H i_sAAsh'A AlAAt ani ahi Ban
B aw Dh hann
SaDistrict Nam e

DHAM AR EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO
Probability of Total B uilding Damage _URM Class base d on Hight le ve l
(low-rise and M id-rise )25.00

P ercent o f Building Da ma g e

Percent of Building Damage

25.00

20.00

Low-rise bui l di ngs
Mi d-ri se bu il di n gs

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

ity ub 'zal yah ain ah hrir 'ain rah ith n ol hab ihm
d C hu' a Az afi' Sab ahd t Ta Ma hao Har mda ahl Ar NlsO SBW Ah't Al HaAs As AlAt ani ahi ani_
B aw - B
Dh hanan
Di stri ct Nam e SExpected Damage on buildings caused by Hamdan EQ .Scenario
HAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO
Probability of Total Building Damage _RM Class based on Hight level(low-rise,Mid-rise and High rise )25.00

Low-rise Building
Mid-rise Building
High-rise Buildingega 20.00
maDge 15.00
indiluBf 10.00
otnerc 5.00
eP

0.00

ity aub 'zal 'yah bain dah hrir 'ain orah rith dan hlol rhab ihmaNa Mad C hu'Az safi
Sa Wah t Tha Al H Ham _ Ba ASOlAih'ti
As AlAsAt aniah Banw
BaDh hann
Sa
Distric t Namae

HAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO
Probability of Total Building Damage _URM Class based on Hight level(low-rise and Mid-rise )25.00

Low-rise Building
Mid-rise Buildingeg
a 20.00
amDeg
15.00
indliuB10.00fotnecr 5.00eP0.00

ity aub 'zal yah bain dah hrir 'ain rah rith dan hlol rhab ihm
NAd C hu'Az af i' Sa
ah t Ta Ma 'thao l Ha am BaSsOl
HAi_h
As Al W A
AshianAt aniaBw
BaDh hannSa
Dis trict Namae

Risk Map in term of completely damage（Ｄａｍａｇｅ Ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｍａｐ ）DHAMAR_ＥＱ
ＥＱ.
ＥＱ SCENARIO

HAMDAN_ＥＱ
ＥＱ.
ＥＱ SCENARIO<all other values>44°0'0"E

44°0'0"E

44°10'0"E

44°20'0"E

44°10'0"E

44°20'0"E

44°30'0"E

44°30'0"EHam dan

0 15°50'0"N
1
3
4
57 15°40'0"N
1015162439 15°30'0"N
60
135
183
185
229 15°20'0"N
275
280
304
420
433 15°10'0"N
803
812
838
1576

15°50'0"N

15°50'0"N

15°40'0"N

15°30'0"N

15°20'0"N

15°10'0"N

44°0'0"E

44°10'0"E

44°20'0"E

44°30'0"E

15°50'0"N

DHM_000_C
0.5
1
2
5
7
8
9
13
1620
21
37
55
56
69
84
86
90
106
147
183
219
295

15°40'0"N

15°40'0"N

15°30'0"N

15°30'0"N

15°20'0"N

15°20'0"N

15°10'0"N

15°10'0"N

44°0'0"E

44°10'0"E

44°20'0"E

44°30'0"E

Discussion and Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ•The initial results of, expected damage on buildings shows ｏｖｅｒｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎ results
acceptable at the broad level evaluation. However, the results seem not to be very
accurate for fine level risk evaluation.

The graphs indicates that:• High an Moderate rise buildings (URM or RM) is the most vulnerable toearthquake damage. Whereas low rise buildings is least vulnerable.
• Buildings located above soft sediments site have higher damage and more
vulnerable to risk comparing to buildings located on hard rock• Buildings having structural properties similar to URMＬ model type is damaged
more than RML type.
• The highest Spectral ground acceleration was (0.05-0.07g) for long period and(0.1-0.15g) for short period aｎｄ ｌｏｃａｔｅｄ at central part of Sana'a city.
Whereas maximum estimated seismic intensity around VI.
:Discussion and Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ
Expected damage on buildings
Expected Da ma ge O n Building-Ha nda n EQ -Scenario
90000
80000

All classes

78 3 21sg 70000
nidil 60000
ubde 50000
ga
40000
maD30000
f.ooN20000

Expected Da ma ge On Building-Dhama r EQ-Scena rio
70000
60000

6 6 92 2sgni 50000
dilubde 40000
gamaD 30000
fo 20000.oN

2 66 76

6 66 610000
0All Classes

60 993

3 609 49 545

10000

154 70SlightModerate

Extencive

Damage state

Complete

SlightModerate

Extencive

Complete

Damage state

The structural properties of Yemini’s buildings such as capacity, damage function, height ofbuilding ,exact number of buildings per district, population and location must be provided
completely with accurate level in future work to get the more realistic results of risk evaluation ofbuildings in study area.

(Thank you!)