Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of
the ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Institutionalizing
g Resilience ofCommunities and Nation:th Phili
thePhilippinesiandd JapanJ
ExperiencesEi
A paper submitted to the

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
under theVisiting Researcher Program(TERM:FY2012B)
by:MS. MA. ALETHA A. NOGRA
Civil Defense Officer III
Offi off Ci
OfficeCivil
il D
Defense-DepartmentfDtt off N
NationaltilD
Defensef

Outline of Presentationy Background
B k
d and
d Significance
Si ifioff ththe StStudydy Delimitation of the Studyy Institutionalizing DRRM in the Philippines
y Institutionalizing
g Disaster Risk Reduction in Japanpy Analysis and Recommendationy Acknowledgement

Backgroundkd andd Significance
i ifi
off
the Study
COMMUNITIES ARE ALWAYS AT THE FOREFRONT OF
EVERY DISASTER OR EMERGENCYEMPOWERING THE NATION STARTS WITHEMPOWERING THE COMMUNITIESBackgroundac g ou d anda d SignificanceSg
ca ce ofo thet e Studyy TurningTi pointi t off resilience
ili
in
i the
th J
Japanese

community was the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake but lessons learned from the Great East
Japan Earthquake prompted them to pursue
community based disaster risk reduction andcommunity-based
management more vigorously

Backgroundac g ou d anda d SignificanceSg
ca ce ofo thet e Study
y In
I the
th Philippines,
Phili ithereth
iis recently
tl an enabling
bli llaw

to be able put into action in a robust manner disasterrisk reduction and management but so much efforts
with long-term positive impacts have to be done yet
and on-goingon going investments on community
community-based
based
disaster risk reduction (CBDRRM) must becontinued.
continued

Tayasan Earthquake)(February 6, 20012)

Tayasan Earthquake)(February 6, 20012)

Guimaras Oil Spill(August 11, 2008 )Typhoon Frank (Fengshen)(June 20, 2008)

Backgroundac g ou d anda d SignificanceSg
ca ce ofo thet e Studyy This study will try to explore the steering leadership of the national

government together with the cooperation and participation of the thecommunity which includes the local government units (LGUs)
specifically
ifi ll theh llocall didisaster riski k reductiond i andd management councils
il(LDRRMCs) from the city and municipal levels who have a direct
coordination with the barangays or the grassroots level together withthe people themselves and the rest of the key players at the local levels,
the schools, the churches, private organizations, business sectors,
health sectors,, etc.

Delimitation of the Studyyy This study is limited only to the institutionalization of thedisaster risk reduction and management programs, projects
and activities in the Philippines and Japan contexts and how
such process has empowered the communities to become
more resilient against any disaster or emergency.
y Through the ADRC Visiting Researcher Program, the lessons
learned from the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake and theGreat East Japan Earthquake as well as the good practices indisaster risk reduction being undertaken by the government
and nonnon-government
government entities in Japan would be very usefulfor the author in carrying out her duties and responsibilities
as Civil Defense Officer and DRR practitioner in thePhilippines given the implementation of the provisions ofRepublic Act 10121

Institutionalizingst tut o ag DRRM in thet e Philippines
pp es
Republic Act 10121
y Legal basis for theparadigm shift from justdi t preparedness
disasterdand response to disasterrisk reduction andmanagementy Enacted on 27 May 2010y IRR was approved on 27
September 2010

The Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management
Act of 2012

Salient Features of RA 10121
NDRRMCy Development
D lt off policies
li i anddplans and the implementationof actions and measurespertaining to all aspects ofdisaster risk reduction andmanagement, including good
governance,, risk assessmentgand early warning, knowledge
building and awarenessraising, reducing underlying
risk factors,
factors and preparednessfor effective response andearly recovery.

y

y

y

y

Th National
The
N ti
lC
Council
il playsla very critical
iti l rolel iinshaping the country’s disaster risk reduction andmanagement system as a strategy for sustainable
development and poverty reduction in thePhilippines.
The National Council is empowered with policymaking, coordination, integration, supervision,monitoring and evaluation functions which will be
carried out through the seventeen (17) main
responsibilities stipulated in the law
law.
The NDRRMC Chairperson is authorized, as
provided for in Section 7 of the law, to call uponother instrumentalities or entities of the government,
includingg the reserve forces, and non g
governmentorganizations for assistance in terms of the use of
their facilities and resources for the protection andpreservation of life and properties in the whole rangeof disaster risk reduction and management.
Composed of 38 member-agencies
member agencies

Salient Features of RA 10121
Office of Civil Defense
y Has
H primaryimissioni i off

administering acomprehensive national civil
defense and disaster risk
reduction and management
program by providing
p in the continuous
leadershipdevelopment of strategic andsystematic approaches as wellas measures to reduce thevulnerabilities and risks tohazards and manage theconsequences of disasters.
y Secretariat of the NDRRMC

Local Disaster Risk
Reductiondiandd Management
Councilsy PermanentPt Offi
Office d
dedicateddi t d tto

disaster risk reduction andmanagement at the local
levels (Regional,(Regional Provincial,
Provincial
City, Municipal, andBarangay)y Appropriation of budget for
all DRRM programs, projects
and activitiesy Encompassing all
stakeholders (government,
non-government, volunteer
groups, private sectors,
b ibusinesscompanies,
i etc)t )The National
DRRM
Framework11.

a conceptual
paradigm on how
the “whole ofsociety” can work
towards ‘safer,adaptive anddisaster-resilient
filipino
communities
towards
sustainable
development’¾ highlights the need for effective and coordinatedhumanitarian assistance and disaster response tosave lives and protect the more vulnerable groups¾ illustrates the importance of identifying the risk
factors and understanding how their interplay canttranslatea s ate intoto ddisasters
saste s if left
etu
unabatedabated oor uunmanaged
a agedThe NDRRM Plany ServesS
as th
the nationaltil guideid on

how sustainable development
can be achieved throughgrowth while buildingginclusive gthe adaptive capacities ofcommunities; increasing theresilience of vulnerable sectors;
and optimizing disastermitigation opportunities with theend in view of promoting
people’s welfare and security
towards gender
gender-responsive
responsive andrights-based sustainable
developmenty ThereTh
are fourfdistinct
di ti t yettmutually reinforcing priority
areas, namely, (a) Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation;(b) Disaster Preparedness; (c)Disaster Response; and (d)Disaster Recoveryy andRehabilitation.
y Each priority area has its own
long term goal, which when
put together
h willill lleadd to thehattainment of the country’s
over goal/vision in DRRM.

The NDRRM Plan
Key Result Areas Under
Each DRRM Aspect.

Timelines of
Implementationy Shorthterm

2011 – 2013y Medium term 2014 – 2016y Longg term2017
7 – 2028
Mainstreaming of DRR in All Plans
In all 4 priority areas under the NDRRMP,
ensuring the mainstreaming of DRRM and CCA
in the various programs, plans, projects of either
national or local government units, including theprivate sector groups and other members of thecommunity is a must.
must This primarily means thatdisaster risks analysis and impacts are integrated
and taken into consideration in the developmentof policies and plans by the different agencies,
organizations and sectors.
sectorsy Advocacy and Information
Information,

Education and Communication (IEC)y Competency-based capability
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

building
Contingency Planning
Education on DRRM and CCA for
ALL
Institutionalization of DRRMCs andLDRRMOs
Mainstreaming of DRR in ALL plans
Research, Technology Development
anddK
Knowledgel d MManagementt
Monitoring, evaluation and learning
Networking and partnership building
between and amongg stakeholders,,
media and tiers of government

DRRM Plan for the Local DRRMCs
L
Local
l Di
Disastert RiskRi k Reduction
R d tiandd Management
Mt
Offices (LDRRMOs)y The Local DRRM Offices (LDRRMOs) at the provincial
provincial,city and municipal levels and the Barangay Development
Councils shall design,design program and coordinate DRRM
activities consistent with the NDRRMP and develop the
Local DRRM Plan of their respectivep
LGUs.
y The LDRRMPs shall be consistent and aligned with thetargets
g set byy the NDRRMP.
y The LDRRMOs shall take the lead in implementing the
LDRRMP.

Recognizing
i i Communities’ii ’
DRRM Initiatives
NATIONAL DISASTER CONSCIOUSNESS MONTH
 brings to the fore various stakeholders from the national to down to the community
level through the conduct of several DRR activities.
 Executive Order 137 dated August 10, 1999, declared the whole month of July as the
National Disaster Consciousness Month to be collectively observed by all Filipinos
throughouthhtheh country throughhh theh conductd
off fifittingi activities
i i i ffor theh occasion.
i Every year has a DRR theme for various stakeholders to reflect on

Observance of the National
Disaster Consciousness
M th (NDCM)
Month
EVERY MONTH OF JULY OF EVERY YEAR

One month of observation will provide national government agencies and local
government units ample time to implement disaster awareness campaign withlonger focus and on a comprehensive basis.
It is also imperative to empower and reinforce the capacity of the Disaster Riskg
Councils at all levels to ensure a coherent,, integrated,g,
Reduction and Management
proficient and responsive emergency management system in the country.

Recognizing Communities’
DRRM Initiatives
FIRE PREVENTION MONTH

 Presidential Proclamation No. 115–A dated November 16, 1966 declared the Month ofMarch to be the official month-long observation of Fire Prevention Month in order toprovide education and awareness to lessen the incidence of fire in the Philippines.
 Marchh iis theh start off summer season iin theh Philippines
hili iandd temperature range to 36
to 39 degrees Celsius. Summer can cause about 9,000 – 10,000 fire incidents
nationwide and all types of households can fall victim.
 The Bureau of Fire Protection under the Department of the Interior and Local
Government, is the lead agency to implement the conduct of month-long observance incoordination with various stakeholders especially the local government units, theschools and communities.

Recognizing
i i Communities’ii ’
DRRM Initiatives
GAWAD KALASAG
Gawad KALASAG is the highest form of recognition bestowed
upon an individual, groups and organizations who have done
exemplary contribution in the field of disaster risk reduction andmanagement and humanitarian assistance in the Philippines.
Philippines
Initiated in 1998, Gawad KALASAG is presently NDRRMC’s
recognition scheme in its search for excellence on DRM andhumanitarian assistance.
assistance It provides the mechanism in obtaining
sustained commitment and support from the highest level ofgovernment by recognizing the exceptional contributions of thevarious DRM ppractitioners in rebuilding
g the resilience of nations
and communities to disaster.

Recognizing
i i Communities’ii ’
DRRM Initiatives
SEAL OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESSThe Seal of Disaster Preparedness (SDP) is initiated by the Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG). It is conferred to a local government which demonstrates an acceptable level ofdisaster preparedness and disaster preparedness response before and during calamities as an official
symbol of excellence.
Thee Sea
Seal has
as ttwoo levelse e s ofo assessment.
assess e t. Thee firstst levele e looks
oo s intoto ddisastersaste ppreparedness
epa ed ess be
beforeo eacalamity occurs. The second level focuses on disaster preparedness-response during a calamity.

Objectives of the Seal of Disaster Preparedness
To recognize and incentivize local government performance in institutionalizing disaster
preparedness.
To assess p
performance g
gaps,
p link g
gaps
p to ppolicyy or p
programgintervention and monitor
improvement(s) on disaster preparedness.

Recognizing
i i Communities’ii ’
DRRM Initiatives
BAKAS PARANGAL¾NDRRMC MemorandumMdCircularCi l No.
N 11 s, 2012 provides
id forf thethinstitutionalization of Bakas Parangal to recognize those who exhibited exemplaryand extraordinary acts of bravery and heroism during calamities.
¾The NDRRMC adopts and institutionalizes the grant of awards to groups orindividuals for their outstanding display of valour and selfishness amidst the great
peril brought by a disaster.
Categories for both individuals and organization :Parangal ng Kadakilaan (nobleness)
Parangal ng Kabayanihan (heroism)
Parangal ng Kagitingan (bravery)

Highlighting Good Practices• MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JOSE DE BUENAVISTA• CHAMBER VOLUNTEER FIRE BRIGADE• CABASI STA. ROSA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Gawad KALASAG Hall of Fame
Fostering Community Resilience in San Jose,
Jose Antique

Municipal Hazardscape

Location

7.
8.
9.
10.

Typhoonyp
Earthquake
Storm Surge
Monsoon Rain
Landslide
Drought

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

11.
12.

Flash floodFiretsunami
Vehicular
accidents
Diseaseoutbreak
TornadoHazards

No. ofBarangays

No. of
Persons

No. ofFamilies

Typhoon,Monsoon rains

26

12,9662,161

Flooding, Siltation

15

4,830

850

Storm surge(Coastal) 14

3,075

512

Earthquake

27

13,695

2,283(Coastal) 19

14,4282,405

TsunamiLandslide

5

665

111

Fire

14

5,712

952

Gawad KALASAG Hall of Fame
Fostering Community Resilience in San Jose, Antique

DRRM Initiatives

DRRM Photos

EO 186 signed
i
d by
b the
th MayorM
andd Ch
Chair,i
MDRRMC in October 2010.
Lessons learned from Typhoon Frank on
June 20, 2008
DRRM budget
5% (7
(70%
g of not less than 5for DRR activities; 30% for QRF)
Fostering CBDRRM throughvolunteerism
Collaboration and convergence(h ll(hallmarks
k off DRRM )Nurturing the Fire of Volunteerism
Chamber Volunteer Fire Brigade
Organizational Profile
y

y

y

y

the largest volunteer emergency responseorganization in the most populous city inWestern Visayas, the Bacolod Chamber
Volunteer Fire Brigade is in a unique position,
both in terms of expectations and achievements,
among private/volunteerlorganizations in thehregion.
Originally conceived in 1970s as a volunteer
group to augment the manpower of the local fire
department
the service delivery arm Bacolod FilipinoChinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry,
Inc. (BFCCCII).
()
strong ties and valuable networks of logistics andfunding, as well as sources of information
enabled the Brigade to grow into a membershipof three hundred twenty-eighttwenty eight (328) strong andtrained fire fighters

Nurturing the Fire of Volunteerism
Chamber Volunteer Fire Brigade“We Do Care. We Do Share”.
y

y
y

y

y
y

Between 2008 and 2010 alone, the Brigade wasable to respond to 205 fire calls, 13 rescue
operations and 651 emergency medical and trauma
cases.
organization’sgrole in volunteer disaster responsepin Bacolod City and its surrounding areas.
challenges brought about by climate change
necessitate a shift in the role of the Brigade froman organization that is primarily oriented towards
response into an organization that is actively
involved with the local government and thecommunity in reducing risk and building resiliency.
The Bacolod Chamber Volunteer Fire Brigade wasconceived under the slogan of “We Do Care. We Do
Share”.
The Brigade envisions itself as a pillar in nationbuilding by promoting the spirit of volunteerism.
volunteerism
Pooling of resources and budget from business
community and members (mostly donation)

Gawad KALASAG’s
S G s Bestest Educational
ducat o a Institution
st tut oadvocating disaster risk reduction management for theyears 2010 and 2011
y
y

y

y

y

y

The school has an area of 8,617 square meters and is about 31.5
kilometers from Iloilo city going southwest.
Although the school is about 500 meters away from TangianRiver, it is however nestled on higher ground, making theschool safe by the most recent flooding in Guimbal brought
about by Typhoon Frank in 2008.
2008
school gym , 12 clean, wall-finished, and well-ventilated schoolbuildings with spacious corridors, railings/handrails and ramp.
Rooms have safe electrical connections as per Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) standard, inspections
pof which wereconducted in 2009 and 2010; toilet and water facilities that are
regularly maintained by the school community.
five radio cassettes, a mini karaoke, four units of computer anda printer that can be utilized for monitoring, receiving anddisseminating vital/critical information (e(e.g.,
g newsnews, weather
updates, supply information) to the school and the CSRES
community.
Basic health facilities such as two nebulizers, two bodypand a sphygmomanometerp yg
are also utilized andtemperature
maintained by the school.
School canteen / kitchenChildren are encouraged torespect every person, to love and honor them, to respond to someone in need, toacknowledge their efforts, to be open to ideas and concepts and to value allmembers of the school and the community

School-based DRR Initiatives

Earthquake Evacuation Drill

Parents-Teachers Association (PTA) organizedwith special committees, namely finance, audit,
election, ways and means, grievance and more
importantly, external and community affairs
which reflect not onlyy a working
g systemybut
also a consistent effort to work with the people
in the community.
y pupil population is increasing throughout theffouryears withith 593 as th
the hihighesth t composedd off
518 regular classes, 57 preschoolers and 18
special education class for the school year
2011-2012.
y The school has 21 faculty and staff thatconsists of a School Principal, 17 permanentteachers, one male utility worker and two
female teachers paid by the national
government and local school board.
y

The School’s Main Thrusts
Provide latest information and survival techniques
to the school population and on climate change
adaptation and disaster risk reduction
2. Promote best practices in school-based approaches
at scschool
oo a
and
d co
community
u ty levels
e es
3. Coordinate and mainstream practices and school
initiatives within the Local Communityy and
DRRMC system.
4. CSRES seeks to mainstream school-based DRR indevelopment planning process at school andcommunity levels
11.

Institutionalizing DRR in
Japan
Our forbears overcame a myriad of challenges and each time, theyy than before.
farose even more robustly– Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, March 11, 2013

Japan National
Japa
at o a Disastersaste Managementa age e t Syste
Systemy Progress of disaster management and system in Japan is defined by thebitter experiences from the large scale natural disasters and accidents withloss of lives and immense damage to properties.
y Various lawsy Disaster Management Laws/Acts (Basic Acts-7; Prevention &Preparedness-18; Response-7; Recovery & Reconstruction 23)
y Amendmentsd((Basic
i DM Plan,lDisasteriCountermeasures Basici Act))y Enactment of Act to Establish Nuclear Regulation Authority and Related
Acts
y ThereTh
are 23 ministries
i i t i andd agencies
i as designatedd i
t d governmenttorganizations that play an important role in the implementation of theDisaster Countermeasures Basic Act while there are 63 organizations orgppublic corporations
pincludingg independentpadministrative
designatedagencies, Bank of Japan, Japanese Red Cross Society, Nippon Hoso Kyokai(NHK), electric and gas companies and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone(NTT) that likewise play a significant role.

Japan National
Japa
at o a Disastersaste Managementa age e t Syste
SystemProgress of society’s capabilities to address disasters andmitigate vulnerabilities….
yyy

The Cabinet Office (Disaster Management); Central
Disaster Management Council
The national budget for disaster management isapproximately 4.5 trillion yen based on the average annual
budget from 1995 to 2004.
Disaster ManagementgPlanning
g System
y


y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

y

Basic Disaster Management Plan; Disaster Management
Operation Plan; Local Disaster Management Plan

National Land Conservation
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Information
f
i and
dC
Communications
i i
S
SystemDM Bases (core bases and alternative bases)
Measures for People Requiring AssistanceComprehensive Disaster Reduction Drills Plan
Emergency Response
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
Nationwide movement where individuals, families,
communities, corporations and other various groups ande tities participate
entities
a tici ate iin cocontinuous
ti o s acti
activities
ities aandd iinvestments
est e ts
for mitigating damage
International Organizations and Cooperation

Hyogo
yogo Prefecture
e ectu e Disastersaste Managementa age e t Syste
SystemRich DM System through Lessons Learned from the Great
Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995
y

y

y
y

y

Importance of Preparedness, Initial Response,
Cooperation among Disaster Management
Organizations, Community and Regional
Disaster-Response Capability, Making Cities
Disaster-Resistant
Modification of Local DM Plan, Improvement of
DRM System, Holding of Emergency Drills, 1-17
Memorial
Establishmentbl h
off DM Center
24-hour monitoring & Quick Response System,
Phoenix DM System, Hyogo Satellite
Communication System, Video Phone System,
Helicopter Video Transmission System,
Emergency Information Transmission System
Extended of DM System , Securing of Heliports
anddA
Activities
ti iti off th
the H
Hyogo Fi
Firefighting
fi hti anddDisaster Air Corps

Kobe City Disaster Management System
y GoalG l off becomingb
i a world’s
ld’ safest
f t city…
ity Pillars of Disaster Risk Reduction:
1.

2.
3.
4.

5.

crisis management and disaster strategies from a long-term viewpoint startingfrom the improvement of community disaster management plan and theimprovement of measures against Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes
enhancinghi communities’
i i ’ disaster/crimedi/ iprevention
i abilitybiliCommunity disaster response
establishing disaster-resistant urban infrastructure through the promotion ofseismic retrofitting of housing, elementary and junior high school buildings
and improvement of lifelines to resist disasters
passing on and communicating lessons learned from disasters.

y implements seismic retrofitting of public buildings to make themearthquake-proof
h
k
f and
d thishi iis alreadyl d 100 percent (%) completed
l d
y improvement of crowded urban areas
y water and ggreen spacespin order to improvepdisaster responsepDisaster Welfare Communityy ((BOKOMI))
Bosai Fukushi Komyunithi
Kobe City’sy Community-BasedyDisasterPrevention Organization in the spirit ofvolunteerism
y Established with local governmentorganizations including the local city office(ward office) and the local fire station
station,
together with leaders of local residents’associations, women’s associations, elderly
associations, volunteer fire corps, ParentsTeachers Associations (PTAs), etc.
y Provided with equipment and materials
needed for the activities and storehouses are
installed in local parks, usually in elementary
school parks which also serve as evacuation
centers in preparation for emergencies.
centers,
emergencies
y Conducts drills, pre-disaster activities which
promote ties and cooperation in thecommunityy“DisasterDisaster-Safe
Safe Welfare
Communities”

Kaeru Caravan: DRR Learning
g for Children
Cultivating a culture of safety at an early age…
y Part of the ten-year
ten year commemorative

project for the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquakey Based on the toy barter trading program"Exchange Bazaar", invented by Fuji in
2000, that can attracts broader range ofj y b
audiences and create an enjoyable
atmosphere, the program turns bazaar’s"hands-on corner" into amusinggg ,disaster drills such as "fire-fighting","rescue" and "first-aid".
y The participants are able to learn about
disaster p
prevention and acquireqrelatedskills while enjoying themselves.

Corporations Commitment on DRRM:
Osaka Gas Company
prevention measures,
measures emergency response andrestoration measuresy ThreeThbasic
b i disasterdi t preventiontimeasures for earthquakes:
1.
preventive measure by
ensuring a strong facility
against earthquake;2.
emergency measure or
preventing the occurrence of
secondaryddidisaster;
t and
d
3.
restoration measure or early
resumption of gas supply aftera disaster impact
impact.
y This company is an outstanding
example where safety is a priority
thereby contributing to resilience
off communities
i i to didisasters.

Protecting
g Communities from Flood
The Management of Lake Biway In
I September
S t b 1896,
1896 a greatt flood
fl doccurred in Lake Biwa basininundating almost all theg districts whichsurrounding
lasted to more than 200 days
according to records.
y There are three pillars on the
project plan namely
namely, preservation
measure to conserve the water
quality of the lake and its affluent
environment, the flood control
measure to address
dd
theh problemblon floods, and the water use
measure to utilize effectively thewater of Lake Biwa

CreatingC
eat g a Cu
Culturetu e oof Sa
Safetyety in tthee Co
Communityu ty
Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution and
The Tokyo Rinkai Disaster Prevention Parkyy

The DRI aims at cultivatingg disaster p
prevention
culture, mitigating social vulnerability, anddeveloping policies for disaster reduction bytransferring experiences of the Great HanshinAwaji
j Earthquakeq
and applying
pp y g lessons learned
from the Earthquake for the better future, thereby
contributing to realizing a safer and more secure
civil society along with education regarding thevalue of life and the ppreciousness of co-existing.
gInstitutionalization of the countermeasures forTokyo Inland Earthquake in terms of making
individuals prepare for such disaster. The Park
has a high technology experience for people
through the E-Learning Facility. One can learn
how to survive for the next 72 hours right after adisaster occurs since discussions and examples ofwhat to do, what to bring and where to go arebeing taught.

Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Development
and Transportation System
to achieve more advanced expressway management and services
especially after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake…
y The
Th HanshinHhi Expressway
E

Company Limited aims toachieve more advanced
e press a management
expressway
and services especially after
the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake.
Earthquakey Hanshin Expressway has
retrofitted Expressway
b id
bridges
tto ensure ththeiriresistance to earthquakes
and prevent their collapse

Fosteringg a Highg Level Communityy DRR
The Role of Higher Learning Institutionsy The Kobe University Office for the

Reconstruction Support and the
Research of Disaster Science plays avery vital role in fostering a high levelof disaster reduction especially after
the unprecedented earthquake on
March 11,, 2011y Kobe University is determined to bringall the knowledge and insights throughthe strongo g connectionoo with ootheruniversities, research institutions, andgovernment bodies, and continue topp
the afflicted ppeoplep and thesupportreconstruction of the disaster-hit area.

Lessons Learned from the GEJE
Community Involvement in the recovery processy SeaweedSd (N(Nori)i)

Farming, agovernment funded
government-fundedrecovery project toaddress the provisionof livelihood of thecommunities affectedb theby
h tsunami duringdthe Great East Japan
Earthquake.
Earthquake

A Voice of the Communityy
initially intended to offer consolation to the victims of theearthquake who have lost their families
y The
Th radiodi iis resilient
ili t dduringidisasters whencommunications
infrastructure and disaster
wireless system are destroyed
and the means to pass on
information to disastervictims is lost.
y The radio is not affected bylarge scale blackouts duringdidisasters
becauseb
andd even if
the equipment gets damaged,
it is relatively easy to put itback into operation
operation.

After the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011,
twenty-two new community radios were set up andbeing utilized as an avenue where the communities can
get the latest informationgf
about the updatesp
off therecovery plan and status done by the government.

Analysisy and Recommendationy Japan and Philippines both have a long history of dealing

with risks and hazards.
y Later, in Japan DRR is mainstreamed in their education
system, infrastructurei fddevelopment,lbbusinessi
sector, anddin their way of life.
y Lessons learned from the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Hanshin Awaji
Earthquake are success stories for the present and future
generationsy LessonsLlearnedld fromfth
the GGreatt E
Eastt J
Japan E
Earthquakethk
are being pursued and implemented{ There is a need to continuously
y communicate to the communities thegovernment’s DRR efforts (many of the affected people want to go
back to the hazardous area in Arahama City despite what happened
on March 11, 2011)

Analysisy and Recommendation
In the case of the Philippines:y Disaster Management Operation Plan are yet to be
formulated/seen. (This is a plan made by each designatedgovernment organizationi i anddd
designatedid public
bli corporationi
based on the Basic Disaster Management Plan).
y Development
D lt projects
j t with
ith mainstreamedi td didisastert riski kreduction are yet to be realized.
y Tools and hazard maps developed by authorized agencies
need to be constantly communicated with and understood by
the communities.
y The role of the business community, the private sector andcorporations must be actively engaged in the country’s pursuit
for resilience and development.

Analysisy and Recommendation
In the case of the Philippines:y The need for a proper documentation of major disasters forpresent and future g
generations to learn from…
the p
y To continue the sharing of good practices on disaster risk
reduction of local communities and engage privateorganizations, business community, etc.
y Has yet to deal with many issues such as poverty wherein thepoor isi considered
id d as theh most vulnerablel
bl especially
i ll iin timesiof disasters....
y DRR isi viewedid as a strategy
t t
tot address
dd
povertyt andd ththere iis anenabling law to be able to do all of these...

Acknowledgementg
Domo arigato gozaimasu to the:y AsianA i Disaster
Di
Reduction
R d i Center
C(ADRC) forf thishi

opportunity to experience the best practices in DRR
in Japan
Learning by experience is learning for a lifetime…
y Office of Ci
Civil
il Defense
Defense-Department
Department of National
Defense, Republic of the Philippines
y Co-Visiting
Co Visiting Researchers from Thailand,
Thailand India andIndonesia
y Family and friends
friends…