T E A C H E R

N O T E S

Teacher Notes by Dr Robyn Sheahan-Bright AM

INTRODUCTIONOUR COUNTRY: WHERE HIS TORY HAPPENEDCREATORS: MARK GREENWOOD AND FRANÉ LESSACISBN 9781760653576 HARDBAC K
SEPTEMBER 2023

‘History is out there.’In every corner of Australia, history happened. The pagesof this book are a journey through tens of thousands ofyears. Our history is recorded in ancient rock art, in theflag flown at the Eureka Stockade, by Burke and Wills’
Dig tree. All around our coastline history unfolded in
shipwrecks and ship arrivals. Sometimes tragic, often
regrettable, always formative, history is commemorated
from Tasmania and throughout the mainland at the sitesof prisons and massacres. From the birthplace of a
new federated nation at the beginning of the twentiethcentury in Sydney’s Centennial Park to Eddie Mabo’s
struggle for acknowledgement of land rights in the
1990s, history happened all around Our Country.
Sixteen Australian historical events are described inthis text, replicated on the front endpaper, with anotherfourteen events appearing on the back endpaper.
Although arranged chronologically, this is not intended
to be a comprehensive history but rather an assemblageof key events, figures and places which have made thiscountry’s history come alive.
This is the second title in the OUR COUNTRY series,celebrating and contextualising the richness ofAustralia’s history, and where it happened.
Mark Greenwood and Frané Lessac have collaborated
on this and the previous title in the series, Our Country:
Ancient Wonders, to create a rich and inspiringcollection of stories for young readers to explore.

THESE NOTES ARE FOR
Upper primary and lower secondary
CONTENTSINTRODUCTION
Q&A WITH THE CREATORSABOUT MARK GREENWOOD
ABOUT FRANÉ LESSACABOUT THE WRITER OF THE NOTESCRITICAL LITERACY: BEFORE AND AFTERREADING THE BOOK
THEMES & CURRICULUM TOPICS
AUSTRALIAN HISTORYFIRST NATIONS PEOPLES IN AUSTRALIAEARLY EXPLORERS AND EUROPEAN CONVICTSETTLEMENT IN AUSTRALIACULTURAL DIVERSITY IN AUSTRALIAKEY EVENTS, FIGURES AND PLACES IN
AUSTRALIAN HISTORYENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERACY
PLOT & STRUCTURE
STYLE AND USE OF LANGUAGE
WRITING EXERCISESFURTHER READING IDEAS FOR CLASSDISCUSSION
VISUAL LITERACY & VISUAL ARTS ACTIVITIESGEOGRAPHYWORKSHEETS 1–4
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ALSO BY MARK GREENWOOD & FRANÉ LESSAC

Image © Frané Lessac, Where History Happened, Walker Books Australia 2023.

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TEACHER NOTES

Q&A with
MARK GREENWOOD & FRANÉ LESSAC
1. You have collaborated on a number of picture books about Australian history.
Can you describe that process?
From Mark Greenwood: One of the most fascinating and memorable stages in bringing Australian
history to life is going to the setting I’m writing about, where historical events occurred. Thesejourneys of discovery help the author and illustrator balance creative interpretation with historicalauthenticity. Frané and I have had many incredible adventures travelling together, researching
projects. We have been blessed to have visited many of the historical sites featured in the book.
I admire Frané’s naïve style and intuitively know how she will paint a particular scene. We
constantly talk about ideas, right from the beginning, so we can visualise an initial concept andthen see it through to the finished book.

2. How did you select the stories you included, from the many which might havefeatured?
From Mark Greenwood: Our country is a land of many stories. In every corner of Australia, there
are places where the past is still with us today. The stories linked to these places make themunique. Some commemorate joy and sorrow. Others recall struggles and tragedies. Each site is asmall piece of a big story that belongs to all of us. The traces of our history are all around us if
we care to seek them out.
My initial concept was a book that would take readers on journeys back in time through theAustralian landscape to discover hidden histories, legendary characters and events that shaped
our nation. Importantly Our Country: Where History Happened revolves around the ‘where’
historical events took place – such as Darwin, Albany, Glenrowan and Myall Creek. In initialplanning, I searched for locations in each state. A few places also had connections to myprevious books, like Moondyne Joe’s escape-proof cell in Fremantle Prison, Jandamarra’s hideoutand Lasseter’s Cave.

3. Was it difficult to leave other potential stories out?
From Mark Greenwod: It was a challenge to work out what to include and what to leave out. As
the title suggests, each double page is ‘place based’. This helped narrow down the choices. We
decided to include a ‘more to explore’ timeline on the back endpaper to identify other historicalsites, events and people not featured in the book. I hope those characters and settings will be aspringboard for readers to conduct their own research. Maybe the ‘more to explore’ endpaper
can be a spark of inspiration for Where History Happened part 2?

4. The stories are told in four different ways (for more on these, see the Style andUse of Language and Visual Literacy sections below). What are they?
From Mark Greenwood: Four ‘layers of literacy’ or four narrative strands run through each pageof the book. The first is the main text written in lyrical prose. The second is an informational
narrative with interesting facts. The third is a one-line refrain that includes the words ‘our country’to summarize each spread. The fourth narrative is Franés art and the visual literacy that blendswith the words to create a vibrant celebration of Australian history that is both entertaining andinformative.

5. Which of these stories was most challenging to write/illustrate?
From Mark Greenwood: In Australia, we don’t have a past that is easy. Many stories don’t have
happy endings. Picture books can humanize complex events. Engagement leads to knowledge
and understanding. I was conscious that our history must be handled carefully and respectfully.

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TEACHER NOTESThe Myall Creek spread was complex, and the subject is not often dealt with in history books forchildren – but it is something I felt was essential.
I also wanted to make sure I included some critical contributions to our history by women, andwanted to ensure I acknowledged cultural diversity. The aim was to imaginatively reconstruct the
lives of characters, places and powerful and important moments in time that continue to influence
debate to encourage deeper study and learning.

6. Frané, what illustrative sources were useful to you in illustrating the texts?
From Frané Lessac: Travelling to some of the places depicted in the book offered me a first-handexperience of where history happened and a respectful connection to the events. Additionally,
watching documentaries, pouring over books, accessing old newspapers and talking to experts,
gave each illustration historical authenticity. Illustrating this book also required imagination andpassion that I hope offers readers a sense of atmosphere and a deeper insight into our country’s
history. Imparting this visual information in both words and art inspires young and old readers togo out and discover what Australian history has to offer.

7. Mark, what sources were useful to you in your research?
From Mark Greenwood: To bring historical characters and events to life through research islike excavating an archaeological site. You need to brush away layers of time. The adventurous
unveiling of facts requires patience and the right tools. But the goal of research isn’t just to gather
documents and collect information. These are only the raw materials, not history itself. To tell thestory requires imagination, passion and enthusiasm.
In my research, I use primary sources – original documents – the building blocks for everything weknow about the past. Secondary sources refer to the writings of scholars and others who have usedprimary documents to interpret the past.
These are some of my research tools: National State and local libraries; National, State and local
archives; Reference books; Biographies; Contemporary publications; Special Collections; Letters,
diaries, maps, photographs; Manuscripts and university theses; Local Historical Societies archives;
Works of art and photographs; Films and documentaries; Interviews and Oral Histories; Historical
Sites; Museums.
The Internet connected me to organizations and institutions, research sources, publications
and importantly, it enabled me to reach out to the correct Indigenous informants who provided
permissions to tell specific stories like spreads featuring Jandamarra and Myall Creek and Eddie
Mabo.

8. What do you enjoy about collaboration?
From Mark Greenwood: My original idea was a book that would take readers back in time todiscover well-known and little-known histories waiting to be discovered. The inspiration for thecover (and internal spreads) of Our Country: Where History Happened can be traced to one of
Frané’s paintings of an endless dirt road disappearing into the distance. Frane’s ‘Red Road’ hangs
in our loungeroom and sparked the idea of taking readers on a journey to places where historicalevents have happened. When I look at that painting, I lose track of time. It’s as if our country is
calling.
Visual literacy in Frané’s art contributes to a reader’s interpretation of time and place, adding
meaning, mood and tone to the text. Picture books allow us to ‘colour in’ the facts to give readersa sense of atmosphere and excitement about people and events in bygone eras. This visual literacy
carries a substantial part of the historical interpretation. Background details, not mentioned in thetext, invite speculation and discussion, which contributes to readers’ feelings for time and place.

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Image © Frané Lessac, Where History Happened, Walker Books Australia 2023.

About theAUTHOR

About theI L L U S T R AT O R

Mark Greenwood is a history hunter. His
award-winning books include The Legend of
Lasseter’s Reef and The Legend of Moondyne
Joe, both winners of the West Australian Premier’sBook Award. Mark often teams with his wife,
illustrator Frané Lessac, to produce titles such as
Our Country: Ancient Wonders, Midnight – thestory of a light horse, Ned Kelly & The Green Sashand Simpson and His Donkey, a CBCA Honour
Book and a USBBY Outstanding International
Book. Jandamarra, illustrated by Terry Denton,
was shortlisted for the CBCA Eve Pownall Award,
the NSW Premier’s Literary Awards Patricia
Wrightson Prize for Children’s Literature and theWest Australian Young Readers’ Book Awards.
The Happiness Box, illustrated by Andrew
McLean, was a 2019 CBCA Honour book. For
more, visit his website
https://markgreenwood.com.au

Frané Lessac is an author and illustrator ofinternational renown, having fifty children’s books
published throughout the world. She was bornin the USA and lived on the Caribbean island ofMontserrat, as well as in London, before moving
to Australia. Frané loves to travel and createbooks based on her worldwide journeys. She
has contributed her distinctive paintings to many
critically acclaimed children’s picture books
including, A is for Australia, Under the Southern
Cross, Australia Under the Sea 1,2 3, and A is forAustralian Animals. We Are Grateful: Otsaliheliga,
written by Traci Sorell, was awarded the Robert F.
Sibert Honor Book Honor medal, the Orbis Pictus
Honor Book metal, the Boston Globe Horn Book
Honor metal and the American Indian Library
Association Honor Award.
For more, please visit her website
https://franelessac.com

About theWRITER OF
THE NOTESDr Robyn Sheahan-Bright AM operates justified text writing and publishing consultancy services, andpublishes regularly on children’s literature, Australian fiction, and publishing history. She was inaugural
director of and is a Life Member of the Queensland Writers Centre, and was co-founder of Jam Roll
Press. Her publications include Paper Empires: A History of the Book in Australia (1946-2005) (2006)
co-edited with Craig Munro and Hot Iron Corrugated Sky: 100 Years of Queensland Writing (2002)
co-edited with Stuart Glover. In 2011, she was recipient of the Dame Annabelle Rankin Award presented
by the CBCA (Qld). In 2012 she was recipient of the CBCA Nan Chauncy Award for Outstanding
Services to Children’s Literature. In 2014 she received the Queensland Writers’ Centre’s Johnno Award.
In 2021 she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia.

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

A. Critical Literacy: Before and After Reading
the Book
The title of this book is Our Country: Where History
Happened which reminds readers that history is not staticor passive; that Australia has a rich and vivid history
containing events and figures worth remembering, whether
by celebration or regret.
Examine the cover and discuss what the book might beabout, and any other suggested message in the cover
design. [See also D. Visual Literacy Activities below.]
Read other books by Mark Greenwood and Frané Lessac
and discuss common themes and style in their work.
Discuss Australian History and what key events students
are aware of before reading this picture book.
B. Themes & Curriculum Topics
AUSTRALIAN HISTORY
Activity:
Read a general history of Australia in non-fiction or website
entries to give students context in identifying how thesestories relate to the development of this country.
Activity:
Key topics in this history are canvassed in this book:
First Nations Peoples in Australia, Early Explorers andEuropean Convict Settlement in Australia, Cultural Diversity
in Australia, Key Events, Figures and Places in Australian
History (such as maritime disasters, bushrangers, wars, andpolitical events). Research any of these topics below. [SeeBibliography.]
FIRST NATIONS PEOPLES IN AUSTRALIA
Activity:
The front cover, in featuring a First Nations storyteller,
conveys a powerful message about the primacy of theculture of Australia’s original inhabitants. How well
represented has First Nations history been in the books you
have read or studied? What are the key events, figures, orplaces in this history that you are aware of?
Discussion Point:
Frontier violence and resistance is covered in the entries
on the First Nations warrior Jandamarra and of the Myall
Creek Massacre. Research these events.
[See: Greenwood, Mark Jandamarra Ill. by Terry Denton.
Allen and Unwin, 2013.

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TEACHER NOTESPederson, Howard ‘Jandamarra (1870–1897)’ Australian
Dictionary of Biography Volume 12, 1990
https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jandamarra-8822/
text15475]
Discussion Point:
Research other key events, figures and places in the historyof frontier violence and of first contact.
[See: Sedunary, Michael The Unlikely Story of Bennelong
and Philip Ill. by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing, 2015.]
Discussion Point:
Legislation addressing the inequities faced by First Nations
people is another topic raised in this book. What other such
topics might have been included?
For example:
Charles Perkins and the 1965 Freedom Ride,[See: ‘1965 Freedom Ride’ AIATSIS
https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/1965-freedom-ride]
The 1967 Referendum, On 27 May, Australians
voted to change the Constitution so that like all other
Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
peoples would be counted as part of the populationand the Commonwealth would be able to make laws
for them.
[See: ‘The 1967 Referendum’ AIATSIS
https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/1967-referendum
Castles, Jennifer Say Yes: A Story of Friendship, Fairness
and a Vote for Hope Ill. by Paul Seden. Allen & Unwin,
2017.]
Vincent Lingiari and the 1966 Wave Hill Walk-Off, isfeatured on the back endpaper.
[See: Smiler, Rosie and Mayo, Thomas Freedom Day:
Vincent Lingiari and the Story of the Wave Hill Walk-Off
Ill. by Samantha Campbell. Hardie Grant, 2021.]
Eddie Mabo’s historic fight for Land Rights legislation
passed in 1992 is also included in this book, and might
be researched further. What other key events, figuresand places in First Nations legislative history might beresearched?
[See: ‘The Mabo Case’ AIATSIS https://aiatsis.gov.au/
explore/mabo-case]
Discussion Point:
Which events, figures and places since the Mabo legislationin 1992 have been significant?
For example:

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

National Apology, On 13 February 2008, inCanberra, the then Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, issued a
National Apology to the Stolen Generations[See: ‘National Apology’ National Museum Australia
https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/
national-apology]
2017 Uluru Statement From the Heart,[See: Mayo, Thomas and Douglas, Blak Finding Our
Heart: A story about the Uluru Statement for young
Australians Hardie Grant Explore, 2020.]
Discussion Point:
The timeline and the key figures involved in the campaign
leading to the 2023 referendum to elect The Voice toParliament is another topic students might research.
Discussion Point:
What other stories in this book feature First Nations people?
Discussion Point:
What other First Nations figures have played a significant
role in our history?
EARLY EXPLORERS AND EUROPEAN CONVICTSETTLEMENT IN AUSTRALIA
Discussion Point:
Read and research the explorers included in this book andalso others.
Dirk Hartog[See: ‘1616 Dirk Hartog’ Western Australian Museum
https://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/dirk-hartog]
Lieutenant Cook
[See: Murdie, Ray Meet… Captain Cook. Ill. by Chris
Nixon. Children’s Original, 2014.]
Discussion Point:
Read and research the treatment of convicts and thedevelopment of the colony.
[See: Dickson, John M is for Mutiny: History by Alphabet Ill.
by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing, 2017.
Sedunary, Michael William Bligh: a stormy story oftempestuous times Ill. by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay
Publishing, 2016.
Sedunary, Michael The Startling Story of Lachlan
Macquarie: Founding Father or Failure? Ill. by Bern
Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing, 2017.]

TEACHER NOTESCULTURAL DIVERSITY IN AUSTRALIA
Discussion Point:
The role of Chinese people in Australian gold rush history isconveyed in one of these entries. Research this topic using
secondary and primary sources.
[See: Wilson, Mark Eureka! Story of the Goldfields Lothian,Hachette, 2020.]
Discussion Point:
Afghan cameleers of the nineteenth century are included in
the book. Research this topic using secondary and primarysources.
[See: Stevens, Christine ‘Australia’s Afghan Cameleers’
Australian Geographic July 27, 2011https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/historyculture/2011/07/australias-afghan-cameleers/
Snow, Madison ‘Australia’s Afghan cameleers’ forgotten
history revived by their living relatives’ ABC News 2
February 2020
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-02/descendentsremember-australias-cameleers/11890622‘Boundless Plains: the Cameleers’ Islamic Museum ofAustralia
https://www.islamicmuseum.org.au/boundless-plains-thecameleers/]
Discussion Point:
What other cultures were represented in this book?
KEY EVENTS, FIGURES AND PLACES IN
AUSTRALIAN HISTORY
Discussion Point:
This book canvases some of the key figures, events andplaces which have played an important role in Australian
history. Research any of them, using non-fiction texts andwebsites.
For example: The National Museum Australia holds agreat deal of information about these and other historicalsubjects. https://www.nma.gov.au/about
The Australian Dictionary of Biography https://adb.anu.
edu.au/ is also a valuable source.
‘Search topics and records’ National Archives of Australia
https://www.naa.gov.au/learn/learning-resources/searchtopics-and-records‘History of Australia’ Encyclopaedia Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/place/Australia/History

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O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

Activity:
The author and illustrator have collaborated on several
picture book texts which relate to this illustrated book. Readthese books and discuss them.
They include:
Simpson and His Donkey (Walker Books, 2011, 2008),
Ned Kelly and the Green Sash (Walker Books, 2014,2010),The Legend of Moondyne Joe (Walker Books, 2011;
Cygnet Books, 2004),
The Greatest Liar on Earth (2012)
Midnight (Walker Books, 2015, 2014).
Mark Greenwood has also written Jandamarra (Allen &Unwin, 2013) and Boomerang and Bat: the story of the realfirst eleven (Allen & Unwin, 2016), Moonwalkers (Penguin
Random House, 2019) illustrated by Terry Denton, The
Legend of Lasseter’s Reef (Cygnet Books, 2003), and The
Happiness Box: a wartime book of hope (Walker Books,
2022, 2018) illustrated by Andrew McLean. Greenwood’s
History Mysteries (Penguin Random House, 2017) juniorhistorical fictions Diamond Jack, Lasseter’s Gold, The Lost
Explorer and The Last Tiger also canvas historical events.
Maritime Disasters:
Activity:
Research maritime disasters in Australia’s history, and read
relevant non-fiction texts and websites.
Activity:
Read relevant picture books and graphic novels aboutmaritime disasters.
[See: Crew, Gary Quetta Ill. by Bruce Whatley. Lothian,2002.] [See Bibliography.]
Activity:‘On 1 December, 1876, the SS Georgette ran aground on
the rugged south-west coast of Australia.’ (p 20)
This maritime incident isn’t as well-known as others in thisbook. Use this as a starting point to identify and researchother lesser-known figures and events in Australian history.
These could include:1891 Australian Shearers Strike, Tree of Knowledge,
Barcaldine, Queensland.
1920 On 16 November the Queensland and Northern
Territory Aerial Services Limited, later known as
Qantas, was founded in Winton, Queensland by PaulMcGinness and Hudson Fysh.
1942 Bombing and internment of Japanese pearl divers
in Broome, WA during WWII.
[See: ‘SS Georgette’ Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/SS_Georgette

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TEACHER NOTES

Spearritt, Peter Where History Happened: The Hidden
Past of Australia’s Towns and Places National Library ofAustralia, 2018.
Dickson, John The good, the bad and the silly: Stories
of Our Past Ill. by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing,
2019.
‘Japanese Divers in Broome’ National Museum
Australia
https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/
japanese-divers-broome‘The Japanese raid on Broome’ Australian War
Memorial https://www.awm.gov.au/visit/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/japanese/broome
Bushrangers:
Activity:
Research bushrangers in Australia’s history, and read
relevant non-fiction texts and websites.
[Useful texts on Ned Kelly include: de Grave, Marie-Ève
The Story of Ned Kelly Ill. by Jean-Jacques de Grave Five
Mile/ Regency Media, 2017.
Greenwood, Mark Ned Kelly and The Green Sash Ill. by
Frané Lessac. Walker Books Australia, 2010.
Brian, Janeen Meet … Ned Kelly Ill. by Matt Adams.
Children’s Original, 2014.
Greenwood, Mark The Legend of Moondyne Joe Ill. by
Frané Lessac. Walker Books Australia, 2011.]
Wars:
Activity:
Research war in Australia’s history, and read relevant nonfiction texts and websites. [See Bibliography.]
Activity:
Read relevant picture books and graphic novels about war
in Australian history.
For example:• WWI:
Metzenthen, David One Minute’s Silence (2014) Ill. by
Michael Camilleri. Allen & Unwin, 2014;
Starke, Ruth My Gallipoli Ill. by Robert Hannaford.
HarperCollins, 2018;
Bin Salleh, Rachel Alfred’s War Ill. by Samantha Fry.
Magabala Books, 2018;
Bogle, Eric And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda Ill.
by Bruce Whatley. Allen & Unwin, 2015;
Saxby, Claire Meet … the ANZACs. Ill. by Max Berry.
Children’s Original, 2015.
Greenwood, Mark Midnight Ill. by Frané Lessac.
Walker Books Australia, 2014.

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E DGreenwood, Mark Simpson and His Donkey Ill. by
Frané Lessac. Walker Books Australia, 2008.
• WWII:
Saxby, Claire Meet … Weary Dunlop. Ill. by Jeremy
Lord. Children’s Original, 2017;‘Bombing of Darwin’ Australian War Memorial
https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/E84294• Vietnam War:
Burton, Mirranda Underground: Marsupial Outlaws
and Other Rebels of Australia’s War in Vietnam Allen &Unwin, 2021;
Schumann, John I Was Only Nineteen Ill. by Craig
Smith. Allen & Unwin, 2019.

TEACHER NOTESSTYLE AND USE OF LANGUAGE
Discussion Point:
The expository text is creatively written in third person andis accompanied by one sentence summaries which are also
poetic in nature, for example: ‘The story of our country is
told in stone.’ (p 4) Discuss the interplay between text andsummary sentence.
Discussion Point:
Choose any of the one sentence summaries and discuss
their meaning. Eg, ‘Our country is home to many faiths.’ (p22)• Gulf Wars:
Wilson, Mark The Afghanistan Pup: Lothian Children’s
Books, 2014.
The war series of picture books written and illustratedby Mark Wilson.

Discussion Point:
Literary devices are used in the expository text, for example:‘Icy wind whistles through stone corridors and gloomycells, drawing the ghosts of old inmates to the warm glow
of a lantern.’ (p 9) Identify any other examples of literary
devices used in the expository text.

Political Events:

WRITING EXERCISES

Discussion Point:
Research political events in Australia’s history, and read
relevant non-fiction texts and websites. For example:
1974 The Dismissal of the Australian Government led by
Gough Whitlam was instigated by the dissolution of bothhouses of Parliament.

Activity:
Invite students to research another event, figure or place
which has been significant in Australian history and then to
write an expository text of a similar style to that used in thispicture book. Write a one sentence summary similar to thatwhich appears on each double page spread in this book.

Activity:
Read relevant picture books and graphic novels about
political events.
These include: Clyne, Joe Dear Oma: a Story about
Federation History Teachers’ Association ofVictoria, 2013.
Baillie, Kaye The Friendly Games Ill. by Fiona Burrows.
MidnightSun Publishing, 2020.

Alternatively, use the images on the back endpapers as
the basis for a Where History Happened 2 Class Book.
Invite students to work in pairs or small groups to select oneof the places, events or people depicted, and composea main text in lyrical prose, a piece of informational text
with interesting facts and a poetic line that refers to ‘Our
Country’.

Worksheet 4: Research Topics and Extended Writing
also includes a number of topics relating to Key Events,
Figures and Places in Australian History.

Activity:
Write an Acrostic poem using the letters in the words
Australian History.

C. English language & literacy

Activity:
Write a diary entry as if written by any of the figures who
appear in this book.

PLOT & STRUCTURE
Activity:
The text is structured as a series of entries on historicalevents, figures and places in Australia’s history, arranged inchronological order. Invite students to create a timeline of
the events detailed in this book. [See front endpaper.]

FURTHER READING IDEAS FOR CLASSDISCUSSION
1. Choose any of the topics covered in these notes as aproject, and create a written and visual response to what
you research. Encourage students to use primary sources aswell as secondary sources for this activity.

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2. The classic picture book My Place by Nadia Wheatleyand illustrated by Donna Rawlins. Walker Books, 2008;
Collins Dove, 1987 is a very relevant text to study, and hasa suite of excellent resources available to accompany it:
My Place for Teachers https://myplace.edu.au
3. Visit ‘Treasures Gallery’ National Library of Australia
https://www.nla.gov.au/whats-on/exhibitions/treasuresgallery. Select an Australian historical treasure and research
its significance.
4. Research Mark Greenwood and Frané Lessac’s body ofwork and prepare a display of their books with a summaryof their work and achievements.
5. Create a classroom display of books about Australian
History and students’ responses to their research.
D. Visual Literacy & Visual Arts Activities
Each element of the written and visual text in this illustrated
non-fiction text is designed to contribute to its meaning.
Encourage students to read both the written and the visual
text closely, and to interpret them creatively.
Activity:
Examine the front cover which depicts three children bya campfire listening to an elderly First Nations man tellingthem stories. Two kangaroos are in the background, which
depicts a rich Australian landscape.
Examine the back cover which contains a map ofAustralia surrounded by images drawn from the book.
What do these two covers suggest to you? Design your own
cover after reading the book.
Activity:
Examine the front endpaper which contains a visual
timeline of the sixteen Australian historical incidents
described in this text; another fourteen incidents appear as
a further timeline on the back endpaper. After you’ve readthe book, examine each of these images closely. Create asimilar visual timeline of thumbnail sketches of incidents you
discover in your research.
Activity:
Examine each double page spread and invite students
to interpret it visually. As you look at each spread, consider
some of the General Discussion Points 1–5 below regarding
aspects of book design.

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TEACHER NOTES• p 1 The publications details page.
• p 2 The Title Page
• pp 3–4 Ubirr stories painted on rock, Kakadu, NT- A group of tourists are visiting the rock art with aguide, cementing the idea that this book is aboutlooking and listening to the past.
• pp 5–6 Dirk Hartog’s Plate, WA, 1616 - This image
consists of three areas of focus: Dirk Hartog andanother man hammering the plate to a post; a rowboat,
and the ship they arrived on. What do the three images
explain to the reader?
• pp 7–8 Landing of the First Fleet, NSW, 1778 Note how the line of trees in the background frames theimage of the First Fleet’s arrival. There are also many
activities depicted in this image. Identify some of them.
Notice the small group of Gadigal people. How does
their positioning in the background at the far left relate
to the text?
• pp 9–10 Convict Prison at Port Arthur, Tasmania,
1830 - Examine the use of perspective in this image andwhat it suggests about the prison.
• pp 11–12 Myall Creek Massacre, NSW, 1838
- Depicting a contemporary group of visitors to themonument is a salutary reminder that the horrors of thepast shouldn’t be forgotten.
• pp 13–14 Gold Rush in Bendigo, Margaret
Kennedy, Victoria, 1851 - What does this image
suggest about living conditions on the goldfields?
• pp 15–16 Eureka Stockade, Ballarat, Victoria,
1854 - This spread consists of two images; the domestic
scene of women sewing the flag and the actual
stockade. What does the juxtaposition of the two
images suggest?
• pp 17–18 Burke and Wills, Cooper Creek,
Queensland, 1860 - The two explorers are depictedon the right. On the left we see John King - the sole
survivor mentioned in the text - and some camels. How
do these figures add to the poignancy of this scene?
• pp 19–20 SS Georgette wrecked at Redgate Beach,WA, 1876 - Observe how a vitality and sense of
movement is created in the painting of the waves andthe angle at which the two horses appear, and the ship
are painted.
• pp 21–22 ‘The Ghan Express’ was named after
Afghan, Pakistani and Egyptian Cameleers, 1878
- The line of camels appears in the foreground and theGhan in the background. What does this placement
suggest?

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D• pp 23–24 Ned Kelly’s Last Stand at Glenrowan,
Victoria, 1880 - This image of the last stand taken
by Ned Kelly and his gang uses the fence line andthe trees in the background to visually and powerfully
suggest entrapment.
• pp 25–26 Jandamarra, joined the Bunuba
resistance, WA, 1894 - The darkened cave entrance
is the focus in this illustration which foregrounds
Jandamarra emerging to fight another day. What does
this image suggest emotionally?
• pp 27–28 Federation Celebration, Sydney, NSW,
1901 - This image suggests there was a substantial
police and army presence at the celebration. Why
might that have been?
• pp 29–30 Anzacs sailed from Albany, WA,
1914 - There is something very emotional about the
diggers lined up on the decks of these ships; we know
in hindsight that many never returned. The use of
perspective in this image with the ships viewed from a
distance is also poignant. What else did you observe inthis spread?
• pp 31–32 Japanese Bombing of Darwin in
WWII, 1942 - This image conveys the chaos of thebombardment with multiple aircraft flying at an angle
to the ships below them. The small group of Australiansoldiers on the left denotes the unpreparedness ofAustralia for this attack.
• pp 33–34 The 1992 Mabo vs Queensland (No. 2)
High Court decision, named for Eddie Mabo, 1992
- Mabo is holding a drawing in his hands in this image.
What does it refer to?
General Discussion Point 1:
The standard picture book format is generally 32 pages.
Our Country: Where History Happened is 34 pages plus
end papers. It is 257 x 268 mm and is square in format.
Each double page spread is discrete to one story rather
than telling a sequential narrative. Discuss picture bookconventions and how they apply to this book.
General Discussion Point 2:
Frané Lessac’s medium is naïve art which is highly distinctive
and internationally regarded. The illustrations for this bookwere created with gouache on Arches paper. Typeset in
Gararond, Framboisier and Neue Kabe. Research her styleof art by visiting her website, and then create an image foryour class’s Our Country book activity below using some ofher techniques.

TEACHER NOTESGeneral Discussion Point 3:
Perspective and Spatial Construction: Examine any of
the spreads in this book and discuss the use of perspective
and what it suggests to the reader. How is white space
used? How does spatial construction influence the reader’s
response to the image?
General Discussion Point 4:
How does colour in each of these images suggest an
emotion?
General Discussion Point 5:
Sub-text is what makes any illustrated book engaging andchallenging; images should complement the text and to say
what the text does not. For example, the spread on Port
Arthur (pp 9–10) describes the dire conditions sufferedby the convicts who lived there from 1830–1877, but theillustration depicts a guided tour for tourist visitors. The
Myall Creek Massacre (pp 11–12) depicts contemporary
people commemorating the loss of life in the conflict. Whatother details did your students observe in the images,
including those which were not mentioned in the text?
Activity:
Create a classroom response as a book – an Our
Country: Where History Happened book including otherhistorical events, figures or places which are importantin our history. Encourage students to discover and include
events relevant to the city, town, community, region or statein which they live. Invite students to write and illustrate adouble page spread. Then collate the spreads into a picture
book.
Activity:
Invite students to create a diorama of an event or scene
described in this book.
Activity:
Create a comic strip interpretation of an event
described in this book. [See Worksheet 3.]
E. Geography
Activity:
Invite students to mark on a map of Australia the actual
location of each of the incidents described in this book.
Activity:
Trace on a map the journeys made by Dirk Hartog or Burkeand Wills, both of whom appear in this book.

11

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O RY H A P P E N E D

WORKSHEET 1 – COLLAGE

Colour and use collage materials to complete this image by Frané Lessac of the rescue of passengers on the SS Georgette in 1876.
(You may choose to enlarge this image to A3 on a photocopier to allow students more room to work.)

Illustration © Frané Lessac 2023. All Rights Reserved.

TEACHER NOTESO U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

TEACHER NOTESWORKSHEET 2 – QUIZABOUT THE QUIZThe following quiz can be used to test comprehension of the text and facts contained in the accompanying
Teacher Notes.
It also requires some further research.
Answers to the questions are as below.
The quiz itself appears overleaf
ANSWERS:
1. Ubirr is a rock formation within the East Alligator region of Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territoryof Australia, and is known for its rock art.
2. A pewter dish nailed to a wooden post and inscribed with text about the ship, the skipper and the senior
officers, and their landing.
3. “terra nullius” (belonging to no one).
4. Tasmania.
5. ‘We will remember them’ is a line from Laurence Binyon’s poem ‘For the Fallen’ (1914) part of which has
been used in Memorial Services conducted by the Australian Army since 1921: ‘The Ode’ Australian Army
https://www.army.gov.au/our-heritage/traditions/ode. This is an ironic commentary on the commemorationof war heroes who died in conflicts such as WWI and WWII, and the fact that the deaths of First Nations
peoples during Frontier conflicts have not been recognised until relatively recently.
6. While washing clothes in the creek she discovered gold which led to the Gold Rush of 1851 in Bendigo.
7. During the 1850s goldrush miners became enraged by unjust taxes and government oppression, and at
the Eureka diggings, in Ballarat, ‘they built a stockade and took up arms, united under the Southern Cross
constellation depicted in the Eureka flag. Although the battle that took place on 3 December 1854 was lost,the struggle for justice and a fair go is remembered as a victory won.’ (p 15)
8. The Dig Tree is a heritage-listed, blazed, eucalyptus tree at Nappa Merrie Station, Durham, Shire of
Bulloo, Queensland, Australia. It was blazed on 21 April 1861, and added to the Queensland Heritage
Register on 28 February 2003. It commemorates the deaths of explorers Burke and Wills who perished therein 1860. [See: ‘Burke and Wills Dig Tree’ Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke_and_Wills_Dig_Tree]
9. ‘Sixteen-year-old Grace Bussell and Sam Issacs, a Noongar stockman.’ (p 20)
10. Marree was ‘where the first mosque in Australia was built.’ (p 22)
11. ‘Such is Life’ are reputed to be Ned Kelly’s last words. There is also a classic Australian novel called Suchis Life: Being Certain Extracts from the Diary of Tom Collins (1903) by Joseph Furphy (Tom Collins).
12. The Bunuba resistance.
13. In October 1889, in a speech at Tenterfield, the veteran New South Wales politician Sir Henry Parkes
called for federation, and a sub-committee chaired by him ‘included Sir Samuel Griffith, Charles Kingston,
Edmund Barton and Andrew Inglis Clark who drafted a Constitution Bill.’ ‘Federation of Australia’ National
Library of Australia
https://www.nla.gov.au/collections/guide-selected-collections/federation-australia#
14. Gallipoli and the Western Front.
15. More than 200 people.
16. Bringing about land rights legislation.

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

TEACHER NOTESOUR COUNTRY:
WHERE HISTORY HAPPENEDM A R K G R E E N WO O D& FR A N É L E S SAC
QUIZ
1. Where and what is Ubirr?
2. In 1616, Dutch skipper Dirk Hartog landed in the ship Eendracht on what is now known as Cape
Inscription, on the Unknown South Land (what is now Western Australia) and left what tangible record there
as the ‘oldest physical record of a European landing in Australia’?
3. Lieutenant James Cook, on 29 April 1770, declared the country on behalf of the British Crown, using what
name?
4. Port Arthur was a penal settlement situated in what state of Australia?
5. The Myall Creek massacre is described with the statement: ‘In our country we will remember them.’ Whatis this a subtle reference to?
6. What was Margaret Kennedy responsible for in 1851?
7. What was the Eureka Stockade?
8. What is the Dig Tree?
9. Who were the heroes of the hour when the SS Georgette sank off the rugged south-west coast of Australia
on 1 December 1876?
10. One of the stops on ‘The Afghan Ghan Express’ established in 1878 and named for the Afghancameleers, was the town of Maree. What was it famous for?
11.‘Such was life in our country’ (p 24) is a literary allusion to what?
12. Jandamarra is described as a ‘freedom fighter’ (p 25). What group did he join?
13. Who were the key figures in the campaign which led to Federation?
14. Where were the Anzacs headed for when they left Albany, WA in 1914?
15. Darwin was subject to air raids conducted by the Japanese Imperial Navy in 19 February, 1942.
How many people died?
16. Eddie Mabo is famous for what?

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

TEACHER NOTESWORKSHEET 3 – COMIC STRIP
Create a one-page comic strip interpretation of an event described in this book, using the template below.

From: ‘Comic Book Layout Template’ printablee.com
https://www.printablee.com/post_printable-comic-book-layout-template_330616/

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

TEACHER NOTESWORKSHEET 4 – IDEAS FOR RESEARCH TOPICS AND EXTENDED WRITINGRESEARCH TOPICS
pp 5–6 Dirk Hartog’s Plate, WA, 1616
Topic: Dutch explorers and seamen arrived in a number of locations prior to Lieutenant Cook’s arrival. Research
their various landings or sightings of Australia.
pp 9–10 Convict Prison at Port Arthur, Tasmania, 1830+
Topic: The conditions in which prisoners were incarcerated at Port Arthur were brutal. Research and write asummary of the history of this place.
pp 11–12 Myall Creek Massacre, NSW, 1838
Topic: Myall Creek was one of many such massacres. What other examples has your research unearthed?
[See: ‘Genocide in Australia’ Australian Museum https://australian.museum/learn/first-nations/genocide-inaustralia/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI1-u4h53v_wIVgNUWBR2cGQQIEAAYASAAEgJgSfD_BwE]
pp 19–20 SS Georgette wrecked at Redgate Beach, WA, 1876
Topic: For his rescue efforts, ‘Sam Issacs (Yebble) was later awarded one hundred acres of land for his efforts– the first time the Government of Western Australia had granted land back to an Indigenous person.’ (p 20)
Research and write about the law relating to Aboriginal people’s ownership of land.
pp 21–22 ‘The Ghan Express’ named after Afghan, Pakistani and Egyptian Cameleers, 1878
Topic: Why did Afghani people come to Australia and what was their contribution to its history?
pp 25–26 Jandamarra, joined the Bunuba resistance, WA, 1894+
Topic: Why is Jandamarra revered by his fellow Aboriginal people?
EXTENDED WRITING
pp 7–8 Landing of the First Fleet, NSW, 1778
Topic: Does Lieutenant Cook deserve to be remembered as a pioneer?
pp 13–14 Gold Rush in Bendigo, Margaret Kennedy, Victoria, 1851
Topic: What part did the Chinese play in this era and in Australia’s subsequent history?
pp 15–16 Eureka Stockade, Ballarat, Victoria, 1854
Topic: This is considered a landmark event in trade relations. Why?
pp 17–18 Burke and Wills, Cooper Creek, Queensland, 1860
Topic: Was the Burke and Wills expedition doomed to fail, and if so, why?
pp 23–24 Ned Kelly’s Last Stand at Glenrowan, Victoria, 1880
Topic: Was Ned Kelly a hero or a villian?
pp 27–28 Federation Celebration, Sydney, NSW, 1901
Topic: Did Federation bring Australians closer together?
pp 29–30 ANZACs sailed from Albany, WA, 1914
Topic: Why did most soldiers enlist in World War I?
pp 31–32 Japanese Bombing of Darwin in WWII, 1942
Topic: Why have the bombardment of Darwin (and of Broome) not been well documented in our history books
until recently?
pp 33–34 The 1992 Mabo vs Queensland (No. 2) High Court decision, named for Eddie Mabo, 1992
Topic: ‘The truth changed the story of our country.’ (p 34)
Invite students to consider the author’s intention in using the word ‘truth’. This could also be considered inconjunction with pp7-8 Landing of the First Fleet.

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

TEACHER NOTESBIBLIOGRAPHYPICTURE BOOKS
Baillie, Kaye The Friendly Games Ill. by Fiona Burrows. MidnightSun Publishing, 2020.
Bin Salleh, Rachel Alfred’s War Ill. by Samantha Fry. Magabala Books, 2018.
Bogle, Eric And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda Ill. by Bruce Whatley. Allen & Unwin, 2015.
Brian, Janeen Meet… Ned Kelly Ill. by Matt Adams. Children’s Original, 2014.
Burton, Mirranda Underground: Marsupial Outlaws and Other Rebels of Australia’s War in Vietnam Allen & Unwin, 2021.
Castles, Jennifer Say Yes: A Story of Friendship, Fairness and a Vote for Hope Ill. by Paul Seden. Allen & Unwin, 2017.
Clyne, Joe Dear Oma: a Story about Federation History Teachers’ Association of Victoria, 2013.
Crew, Gary Quetta Ill. by Bruce Whatley. Lothian, 2002.
de Grave, Marie-Ève The Story of Ned Kelly Ill. by Jean-Jacques de Grave. Five Mile/ Regency Media, 2017.
Dickson, John The Good, the Bad and the Silly: Stories of Our Past Ill. by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing, 2019.
Dickson, John M is for Mutiny: History by Alphabet Ill. by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing, 2017.
Greenwood, Mark Jandamarra Ill. by Terry Denton. Allen and Unwin, 2013.
Greenwood, Mark Ned Kelly and The Green Sash Ill. by Frané Lessac. Walker Books Australia, 2014, 2010.
Mayo, Thomas Finding Our Heart: A Story About the Uluru Statement for Young Australians Ill. by Blak Douglas. Hardie Grant
Explore, 2020.
Metzenthen, David One Minute’s Silence Ill. by Michael Camilleri, Allen & Unwin, 2014.
Murdie, Ray Meet… Captain Cook Ill. by Chris Nixon. Children’s Original, 2014.
Saxby, Claire Meet … the ANZACs Ill. by Max Berry. Children’s Original, 2015.
Saxby, Claire Meet … Weary Dunlop Ill. by Jeremy Lord. Children’s Original, 2017.
Schumann, John I Was Only Nineteen Ill. by Craig Smith. Allen & Unwin, 2019;
Sedunary, Michael The Unlikely Story of Bennelong and Philip Ill. by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing, 2015.
Sedunary, Michael William Bligh: A Stormy Story of Tempestuous Times Ill. by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing, 2016.
Sedunary, Michael The Startling Story of Lachlan Macquarie: Founding Father or Failure? Ill. by Bern Emmerichs. Berbay Publishing,
2017.
Smiler, Rosie and Mayo, Thomas Freedom Day: Vincent Lingiari and the Story of the Wave Hill Walk-Off Ill. by Samantha Campbell.
Hardie Grant, 2021.
Starke, Ruth My Gallipoli Ill. by Robert Hannaford. HarperCollins, 2018.
Wheatley, Nadia My Place by Nadia Wheatley Ill. by Donna Rawlins. Walker Books, 2008; Collins Dove, 1987.
[See: My Place for Teachers https://myplace.edu.au/]
Wilson, Mark Eureka! Story of the Goldfields Lothian, Hachette, 2020.
Wilson, Mark The Afghanistan Pup: Lothian Children’s Books, 2014.
NON-FICTION
Australian Geographic The Story of Australia (Series).
Creswell, Toby History of Australia in 100 Objects Penguin Random House, 2016.
Lewis, Robert The Story of Australia Random House Australia in association with National Museum of Australia, 2017.
Spearritt, Peter Where History Happened: The Hidden Past of Australia’s Towns and Places National Library of Australia, 2018.
Wheatley, Nadia Australians All: A History of Growing Up from the Ice Age to the Apology Ill. by Ken Searle. Allen & Unwin, 2015.
Wheatley, Nadia, compiler Playground: Listening to Stories from Country and from Inside the Heart Ill. by Ken Searle. Indigenous
consultant: Jackie Huggins. Allen & Unwin, 2011.

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

TEACHER NOTESBIBLIOGRAPHYWEBSITES
Australian Dictionary of Biography
https://adb.anu.edu.au/‘Bombing of Darwin’ Australian War Memorial
https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/E84294‘Boundless Plains: the Cameleers’ Islamic Museum of Australia
https://www.islamicmuseum.org.au/boundless-plains-thecameleers/‘Burke and Wills Dig Tree’ Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke_and_Wills_Dig_Tree
Dawson, Stuart E. ‘Ned Kelly’s Last Words: “Ah, Well, I
Suppose”
https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_
file/0011/1669214/eras181_dawson.pdf‘Federation of Australia’ National Library of Australia
https://www.nla.gov.au/collections/guide-selectedcollections/federation-australia#‘Genocide in Australia’ Australian Museum
https://australian.museum/learn/first-nations/genocide-in-australia/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI1-u4h53v_
wIVgNUWBR2cGQQIEAAYASAAEgJgSfD_BwE‘History of Australia’ Encyclopaedia Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/place/Australia/History‘Human Society and Its Environment Guide to using picture
books in History K–10’ NSW Education
https://education.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/main-education/teaching-and-learning/curriculum/key-learning-areas/hsie/
media/documents/history-es1-s1-s2-s3-s4-s5-guide-to-picturebooks-in-history.pdf‘Japanese Divers in Broome’ National Museum Australia
https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/
japanese-divers-broome‘National Apology’ National Museum Australia
https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/
national-apology
The National Museum Australia
https://www.nma.gov.au/about‘1965 Freedom Ride’ AIATSIS
https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/1965-freedom-ride

Pederson, Howard ‘Jandamarra (1870–1897)’ Australian
Dictionary of Biography Volume 12, 1990
https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jandamarra-8822/
text15475‘Search topics and records’ National Archives of Australia
https://www.naa.gov.au/learn/learning-resources/searchtopics-and-records‘1616 Dirk Hartog’ Western Australian Museum
https://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/dirk-hartog
Snow, Madison ‘Australia’s Afghan cameleers’ forgotten
history revived by their living relatives’ ABC News 2 February
2020
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-02/descendentsremember-australias-cameleers/11890622‘SS Georgette’ Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Georgette
Stevens, Christine ‘Australia’s Afghan Cameleers’ Australian
Geographic July 27, 2011https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/historyculture/2011/07/australias-afghan-cameleers/‘Such is Life (novel)’ Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Such_Is_Life_(novel)‘The Japanese raid on Broome’ Australian War Memorial
https://www.awm.gov.au/visit/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/
japanese/broome‘The 1967 Referendum’ AIATSIS
https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/1967-referendum‘The Mabo Case’ AIATSIS
https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/mabo-case‘The Ode’ Australian Army
https://www.army.gov.au/our-heritage/traditions/ode‘Treasures Gallery’ National Library of Australia
https://www.nla.gov.au/whats-on/exhibitions/treasuresgallery

O U R C O U N T RY: W H E R E H I S T O R Y H A P P E N E D

TEACHER NOTESO t h e r b o o k s by
MARK GREENWOOD & FRANÉ LESSAC

Our Country: Ancient Wonders
9781760658083

Midnight: The Story ofa Lighthorse
9781925126419

Ned Kelly and the Green Sash
9781922244598

The Greatest Liar on Earth9781921529856

Simpson and his Donkey
9781921529542

The Legend of Moondyne Joe
9781921720123

Image © Frané Lessac, Where History Happened, Walker Books Australia 2023.