JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS
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January 2017Vol. 71, No. 1

New Yearʼs Speech……Yoshiki Koseki

The Special Issue of the 59th─2016 JAPAN TAPPI
Annual Meeting at Takamatsu
General Review of the 59th─2016 JAPAN TAPPI Annual Meetingat Takamatsu……Planning Subcommittee, JAPAN TAPPI
15 Keynote Speech
459th─2016 JAPAN TAPPI Annual Meeting in Takamatsu“Transform the pulp and paper industries by evolution and technology
innovation so as to be resilient to ecological changes”……Yoshiki Koseki

23 Lecture by Winner of 2015 JAPAN TAPPI Prize
26 A Visit to Mishima Mill─Daio Paper Co., Ltd.─
28 List of Exhibitors & Exhibits 2016
Technical Report

31

Better Reject Removal Especially for Plastic Contaminants by CombisorterTM……Toshio Dousaka

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40
47

Fuel Conversion for Lime Kiln……Tetsuaki Tanaka
Challenge to “Web Breaks and Defects‑Free ”Pleiotropic Solution for
Realization of Stabilized Operation……Yuichiro KatoDevelopment of Separation Technology of Wood Constituents for Chemicals……Shiho Tsuji

51

Remodeling Eﬀects and Operating Experience of Kraft Pulp Production……Kentaro Hashimoto

56

Operating Experience by Decanter Centrifuge for Green Liquor Dregs
Separation……Tomoya Kujime
61 Development of Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Materials via Paper Making
Technology……Takashi Kawamukai, Hiroyasu Tachibana, Hiroyosi Ueno, Shinichi Doi,
Hiroki Tanaka, Hiroki Yamamoto, Tomohumi Isozaki, Hiroyuki Furukawa and Shogo Miura

66

An Improvement in Operation and the Quality of the Product by Renewing theWinding Drums……Takeshi Watanabe
70 Operating Experience of Gas Turbine Cogeneration System……Takaki Maeda
Topics & Information
74 Basics of Ozone Bleaching, Part 2

The Reaction of Ozone with Pulp……Takanori Miyanishi
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Committee report
Coﬀee break
Papyrus

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92
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Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid‑open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 January JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.1 Abstracts

Better Reject Removal Especially for Plastic Contaminants by CombisorterTM
Toshio Dousaka
Voith IHI Paper Technology Co., Ltd.
In stock preparation system, “Slot direct system” consisting of pulper and fine slot
screen with bypassing coarse hole screen which is used as primary screen has become
more common. On the other hand, reject system handling is recently getting more andmore important because the quality of raw material is getting worse due to mix rateincrease of contaminants such as plastic and sticky. The demand for hole reject screen is
growing because it is efficient for removing the plastic contaminants and reducing fiber
loss. It is not realistic to add new machine for handling the increasing plastic
contaminants in building reject system. In this paper, our hole reject screen“CombisorterTM” is described.

Fuel Conversion for Lime Kiln
Tetsuaki Tanaka
UBE MACHINERY CORPORATION, LTD.
UBE Machinery Corporation (UMC), established in 1914 to maintain coal-mining machines,
has been supplying products mainly to customers in a variety of industries, including, but notlimited to, automobile, ceramics, cement, and steel.
In these industries, there are many examples of fuel conversion from conventional heavy oil
to less expensive solid fuel, such as coal, oil cokes, and industrial wastes to be used for the fuelin the combustion facilities.
On the other hand, in pulp industry, which consumes a large amount of heavy oil in thecaustic process, the reduction of fuel cost is a major theme; however, the conversion toalternative fuel had not shown advancements.
Accordingly, as a solution of converting fuel from heavy oil to less expensive fuel, UMC has
been proposing the co-firing technology of oil cokes, which realized from the combined

know-how of vertical mill and kiln, furnace, and dryer technology. As a result, with the firstorder in 2007 as a starting point, UMC has delivered 6 plants. The co-firing technology of oil
cokes, which UMC’s supplied fuel-conversion facility plays a core role in, has been receiving
outstanding feedback from customers for the fuel cost reduction effect.

Challenge to “Web Breaks and Defects-Free” Pleiotropic Solution for Realization of
Stabilized Operation
Yuichiro Kato
Nissin Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.
The deposit adherent in the papermaking process causes operation trouble with occurrence of
web-breaks and the defects and often brings bad influence to the productivity and the quality ofthe product in a pulp and paper production plant. The factor which causes web-breaks and thedefects are various and therefore also different in the solution for the deposit problem dependingon the situations. It's important to derive optimized solution method by analysis from pleiotropic
viewpoint to a complicated deposit problem.
We keep investigating the cause of the deposit trouble in a large number of papermaking mills,
studying and developing and proposing the measurements since establishment, and we're
making an effort in order to propose quickness and the optimized solution by the databased
solutions. We will give some examples, and introduce the deposit trouble solutions.

Development of Separation Technology of Wood Constituents for Chemicals
Shiho Tsuji
Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
Nippon paper Industries strive to maximize the value of sustainable forest resources, as acomprehensive biomass company shaping the future with trees. As a part of it, we participate in
the project “Technology development of Manufacturing Process for Non-edible Plant-derived
Chemicals/Development of an Integrated Process for Manufacturing Chemicals from Woody
Biomass” commissioned by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization.
The project aims to develop a consistent chemical production process in order to produce
chemicals from wood in place of fossil resourced through collaboration between the paper andchemical industries. In that, we have been developing alkaline based cooking technology and itwas selected as the most suitable preparation technology for the integrated process. Now we arerefining the alkaline based cooking technology to achieve the commercialization.

Remodeling Effects and Operating Experience of Kraft Pulp Production
Kentaro Hashimoto
Kraft Pulp Div. Mishima mill, Daio Paper Corporation
Fiber lines in Mishima mill have been modified and extended step by step along with new
installations of paper machines. The total energy cost was pushed up due to increased number of
equipment and distance of pulp traffic line.
Most recently, with a change of the production structure after the Lehman shock, two ofsoftwood fiber lines were unified to one. Hardwood fiber line was also retrofitted to get moreproduction and to reduce energy. We decided to modify our softwood fiber line to get moreproduction and energy efficiency improvement, making the most of equipment that had been
idle after the retrofit of hardwood fiber line to reduce capital investment.
The concepts of the remodeling are as follows.
1. Upsizing the equipment by using larger one that had been idle
2. Operational improvement by modifying the existing cooking system
3. Chemical reduction with the washing and screening capacity upgrade
4. Improvement of energy efficiency by heat recovery flow change
To increase the production rate, continuous digester has been modified to the Compact
Cooking G1TM, which could accelerate the downflow of the chip column in the digester, and thecapacity of screening and bleaching process has been upgraded.
At the startup, we have experienced quality fluctuations and increase of chemical
consumption due to the digester operation which was not stable, but we stabilized the operation
by adjusting multi charges feeding ratio of white liquor, liquor-to-wood ratio and chipcompaction in digester. After this modification, the softwood production has been increased
from 650t/day to 1000t/day with the most highly capacity in Japan.

Operating Experience by Decanter Centrifuge for Green Liquor Dregs Separation
Tomoya Kujime
Takaoka Mill, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd.

Chuetsu pulp & paper Co., Ltd. Takaoka mill has modernized its green liquor treatment
system including sedimentation tank and washing system. It has been running since December,
2015.
A Decanter centrifuge has been adopted for dregs washing aiming to achieve better alkaline
recovery, space saving and less running load for operators.
During commissioning period, it was found that torque on the decanter became too low after
starting the machine and dewatering efficiency was low, it took some time to tune up themachine after start up period but now as it is getting steady running, a performance trial
especially to tune-up the machine more precisely has been done.
Following results are obtained:
1)

When increasing torque on the screw, concentration of dregs is increased, at the sametime, suspended solid concentration on filtrate is also increased.

2)

In order to stop suspended solid concentration of separation liquid low, the centrifugal
force beyond 1500G is required. Moreover, with the centrifugal force not more than 1000G,
heavy vibration is caused with poor dewatering.

3)

Suspended solid concentration in the filtrate was getting lower when increasing polymer
dosing. However, too much charge of polymer resulted lower the dryness of dregs due toincreasing volume of dregs required higher speed on the screw.

Development of Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Materials via Paper Making Technology
Takashi Kawamukai, Hiroyasu Tachibana, Hiroyosi Ueno, Shinichi Doi, Hiroki Tanaka, Hiroki
Yamamoto, Tomohumi Isozaki, Hiroyuki Furukawa and Shogo Miura
Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation
In this paper we describe the feature of non-woven consisting of reinforcement fibers andthermoplastic fibers that can be molded by heat-and-compression methods.
The non-woven materials can be easily molded into relatively complex shapes because thereinforcement and thermoplastic fibers are uniformly dispersed in the non-woven.
The mechanical properties of the materials are mainly determined by the spacial alignment
and the volume fraction of the reinforcement fiber in addition to the components’ properties.
The length of the fiber also influences the properties. The adhesive strength of the interface
between the thermoplastic matrix and reinforcement fiber is important to improve the strengthof the hot-press molded FRP body.

An Improvement in Operation and the Quality of the Product by Renewing the Winding
Drums
Takeshi Watanabe
Niigata Mill, Hokuetsu Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.
PM8 in the HOKUETSU KISYU Niigata Mill is producing A2 grade coated paper and has
two JR-winders. When A2 grade coated paper was worked on these JR-winders, PM8 had beenrunning with a few problems for many years.
The biggest problem is the groove marks on the surface of the paper. The winding drums
have grooves, so when paper touches the winding drums, the grooves’ pattern transfers to thesurface of paper as groove marks. These groove marks on the surface of the paper make thequality of the product go down. To prevent the incidence of these marks, we had to do someactions, for example, limiting the winding acceleration and lowering the winding nip pressures.
But these actions also caused other problems in efficiency and productivity in operation.
By renewing the winding drums from the original hard steel drums to the soft covered drums,
the quality of the product has been drastically improved. Efficiency and productivity inoperation have also been enhanced. This renewing of the winding drums from hard roll to softroll was the first try in Japan.
This report shows the details of the problems from which PM8 had been suffering, our work
to improve these problems and what its effects were.

Operating Experience of Gas Turbine Cogeneration System
Takaki Maeda
Amagasaki Mill, Rengo Co., Ltd.
In recent years, company activities for environmental issue are required. Rengo Co., Ltd. has
set a target, which is called Eco Challenge 020, of a 32% reduction in CO2 emissions from fossil
fuels during production in fiscal 2020 compared with fiscal 1990. In order to pursue thiscompany goal, Amagasaki mill installed highly efficient and eco-friendly two gas turbine
cogeneration systems as a substitute for aged facility.
This report shows outline and the reason for selection of this facility, operating experienceand its effect.

Basics of Ozone Bleaching
Part 2：The Reaction of Ozone with Pulp
Takanori Miyanishi, JAPAN TAPPI
Ozone is a strong electrophile and reacts with functional groups in residual lignin.
Conjugated aliphatic double bonds and enol ether structures react with ozone via intermediates
to form carbonyl groups and peroxides. Most phenolic groups are oxidized by ozone. Ozone
may react also with aromatic lignin structures to form acids. Ozone is better than chlorine andchlorine dioxide in solubilizing lignin by these reactions. Ozone removes most of the residual
lignin. This is based on the much faster reaction of ozone with lignin than with polysaccharides.
But intermediate inorganic by-products formed by direct decomposition, such as hydroxyl(HO ・ ) and perhydroxyl (HOO ・ ) radicals, can be very reactive with carbohydrates.
Carbohydrate degradation occurs from the formation of carbonyl and carboxyl structures on thepolysaccharide chains, which induce chain cleavage in alkaline environment. Reducing reactionof ozonized pulp with strong reducing agent such as borohydride converts alkali-sensitive
functional groups to alkali-stable ones and prevents chain cleavage reaction. The response of
pulp to an ozone treatment is characterized by the amount of lignin removal (as measured by
Kappa number) and the degree of cellulose degradation (as measured by pulp viscosity or
strength). The cellulose viscosity deceases with the increase of ozone charge. But the viscosity
loss due to the introduction of zone in the ECF sequence does not translate into a similar loss instrength.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

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February 2017Vol. 71, No. 2

Topics & Information

1	New Andritz FibreSolve Pulper Rotor and TD Screen for Debottlenecking andEnergy Saving……Hideo Ohnishi
5 ─Blade Type Canvas Cleaner─AOKI CLEANER……Narihiro Ohtaka
13 Development of Papermaking Chemicals for Food Packaging Grades		 ─Development of Safe Products as Indirect Food Additives─		 ……Hirotaka Sato and Kazushige Inaoka

19 New Pitch Control Agent Having a Breakthrough Characteristics
		 ……Takahito Ikeshita and Kaori Fujitsuki
23 New Concept Pitch Control Agent “Spanplus FT”
		 …… Satoshi Wada and Chigusa Taguchi
28 Maruishi─High-speed Full Synchro Folio Sheeter……Yoshino Hagiwara
34	Effective and Efficient Pest Management Based on Scientific Evidence and Risk
Assessment……Tomohiro Ohba
37 Evaluation of Corrosion- and Erosion-Resistant Weld Metal in Various Boilers
		 ……Tsubasa Gohira, Youichi Shiraishi and Toshiichi Aota
43	Improvement on Plant-Wide Energy System Efficiency by Thermoelectric
Solutions		─Open and Closed Condensate Recovery System, Air Compressors, and Boiler Feed Water
Heating Unit with Waste Heat Recovery─
……Takehiro Uwafuji, Yusuke Okamoto, Kazuyuki Otani and Hiroyuki Hatanaka
49 A Report on Nanocellulose Summit 2016 in Tokyo……Takanori Miyanishi
53 Basics of Ozone Bleaching, Part 3
		 Medium Consistency Ozone Bleaching Plants……Takanori Miyanishi
62 Corporate Profile & Product Information 		 ITOCHU MACHINE-TECHNOS Corporation
Introduction of Research Laboratories（115）

68	Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki

Technical Report（Original Paper）

72	Modified Operation of a Laboratory Refiner for Obtaining Dried
Thermomechanical Pulp from Sugarcane Bagasse and Oil Palm Empty Fruit
Bunch as Non-wood Fibers………Lilik Tri Mulyantara, Roni Maryana, Vu Thang Do,
Atanu Kumar Das, Hiroshi Ohi and Keiichi Nakamata

03
70
71
89

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Coffee break
Papyrus

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109
110
112

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 February JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.2 Abstracts

New Andritz FibreSolve Pulper Rotor and TD Screen for Debottlenecking and Energy
Saving
Hideo Ohnishi
Service & Units, ANDRITZ K. K.
Andritz has developed a new technology of FibreSolve Pulper Rotor designed forincreasing pulping capacity, reducing specific energy consumption in the under machine
pulpers. For rationalization, existing board machine lines are more and more integrated
and upgraded that require capacity increase of under machine pulpers withoutchanging the size of vats. The various functions with newly developed FibreSolve
Pulper Rotor satisfy the needs and improve energy consumption and pulp quality.

― Blade Type Canvas Cleaner― AOKI CLEANER
Narihiro Ohtaka
Aoki Machinery Co., Ltd.
In recent years, operational troubles, poor quality of products and less production efficiency
due to sticky or adhesive materials brought to paper machines have become more common as aresult of poor quality of furnish caused by increasing amount of use of recycled paper. As amatter of course, the level of contamination of dryer fabrics in the dryer section is getting worse
and worse.
Many paper mills are suffering from various troubles including paper breaks, increasing
number of defects, more frequent splicing works on winders, increasing amount of broke and soforth. On the other hand, cleaning of dryer fabrics by hand during operation is regarded as
inappropriate job considering its safety.
In order to overcome this situation, ultra-high pressure water cleaning systems or chemicalcleaning systems are widely introduced, and furthermore fabrics are sometimes installed byusing inside rolls of the paper machine. However, since these attempts are not able to eliminate
the problems completely, the operational troubles, poor quality of products and less productionefficiency are still permanent issues for many paper mills.
The epoch-making blade type dryer fabric cleaning system “AOKI Cleaner” which is able toeliminate use of water during operation was developed by AOKI Machinery 16 years ago inorder to solve the problems caused by sticky or adhesive materials caught by dryer fabrics.
In this article, the blade type cleaning system and its benefits as well as recent results at some
paper mills are introduced.

Development of Papermaking Chemicals for Food Packaging Grades― Development of Safe Products as Indirect Food Additives ―Hirotaka Sato and Kazushige Inaoka
Paper Chemicals Development, R&D Center, R&D Company, Harima Chemicals, Inc.
Harima Chemicals Group, Inc. has been supplying various paper chemicals such as strengthand sizing agents for paper and paperboard mills in order to provide desired functions on
papers.
Paper and paperboard have been widely used in our life not only for printing, wrapping andtransporting purposes but also as food packaging materials such as boxboards, paper plates andbeverage cartons. Food packaging materials have been regulated in countries around the world,and paper chemicals used in paper intended to come into contact with food also need to becompliant with the regulations.
In this situation, we have developed and begun sales of polyacrylamide (PAM) type dry
strength agents, dispersed rosin sizes which were approved by FDA (Food and Drug
Administration) for indirect food additives. Both PAM strength agent which has high molecularweight and amphoteric property, and dispersed rosin size which applied synthetic anionicpolymer as an emulsifier, are the first products in the world of paper chemicals to meet FDA
regulatory requirements.
The FDA approved PAM strength agent, “Harmide KS series”, and dispersed rosin size,“NeuRoz series” as well as the efforts to aim for “the development of safe products as
indirect food additives” are introduced in this report.

New Pitch Control Agent Having a Breakthrough Characteristics
Takahito Ikeshita
KATAYAMA NALCO INC.

Kaori Fujitsuki
KATAYAMA CHEMICAL,INC.
Recycled paper utilization has risen due to environmental protection. As a consequence, useof lower quality recycled paper is increasing year by year, and because of this, problems withmachine runnability and finished-product paper quality are increasing. Adhesive materials thatexist in recycled paper accumulated on the surface of papermaking system or fabrics and these
deposits are one cause of problems in papermaking. Thus control of low material is essential.
In this presentation, we report on the development of a chemical agent which has arevolutionary effect on adhesives. We discovered that this chemical had three effects. At first, it
detackified the adhesives. Secondly disperse them. Thirdly the dispersed adhesives are attachedto the cellulose fibers. This means that adhesives are discharged from the wetend with celluloses.
As a result, papermaking loss is reduced.
Given these results, this chemical agent can become an important solution for discharging
adhesives to the outside of the machine.

New Concept Pitch Control Agent “Spanplus FT”
Satoshi Wada and Chigusa Taguchi
Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
We developed "Spanplus FT" as a pitch control agent for the DIP process to achieve
production capacity of DIP and quality improvement while using poor quality wastepaper.
“Spanplus FT” is special water-soluble polymer having hydrophilic part and hydrophobic part.
It has an effect to agglutinate pitch selectively.
So after dosing "Spanplus FT" in flotation part, pitch is attached on froth and pitch removal
efficiency is increase. As a result, pitch volume in DIP pulp is decreased.
Moreover, "Spanplus FT" has a high selectivity for pitch, so it dose not react to suspended
solid matter. It leads the decrease of outflow raw material.
We applied "Spanplus FT" in flotation of newsprint DIP, pitch removal efficiency increase
10- 20 %. And suspended solid matter was not removed. it was able to contribute to reduction of
outflow raw material.

Maruishi ― High-speed Full Synchro Folio Sheeter

Yoshino Hagiwara
Maruishi Co., Ltd.
Maruishi has been working for paper industry over 73 years. Today, the finishing line is theone of the main products and especially, more than 180 units of ream wrapping machine are
already sold all over the worlds. Maruishi has been developed their original High speed fullsynchro Folio sheeter reviewing former design. Unique synchro knife cutting is designed forwide range sheet production from low GSM to high GSM board paper /special art paper. Top air
jet at overwrap is another advantage for simple and quiet operation. Here, we would like tointroduce the modern High speed Synchro Folio sheeter with high quality production withdifferent models available for variable kinds of paper and need from customer.

Effective and Efficient Pest Management Based on Scientific Evidence and Risk
Assessment
Tomohiro Ohba
Earth Environmental Service Co., Ltd.
Since leading to product complaints and a reduction in yield, contamination of the insect tothe paper product is a major problem. In such a reason, various insect measures have been
implemented in the paper products manufacturing plant. However, it is not a sufficient effect of
their insect measures in some of the plant. In these plants, they do not analyze how insects
contaminate the product. We call this analysis the insect contamination scenario. The next two
are important to do insect measures effectively. One is to investigate the insect contamination
scenario based on scientific grounds. The other is to decide the priority of insect measures basedon the risk assessment of contamination.
At first the analysis of insect contamination to the product is necessary for the investigationof the insect contamination scenario. The problem of the manufacturing site is investigatedbased on this analysis next. The investigator needs experience and training. At the same timescientific and objective data is required. For this, various measuring equipment is recruited in
the survey of the factors that influence the contamination, such as air flow and ultraviolet.
Furthermore, we have introduced new powerful investigation tools such as EMS-Q whichmeasures some contamination factors at the same time and identification technology of theinsect by gene.
To take investments for insect measures effectively, it is necessary to consider the priority
based on the risk analysis of contamination. The contamination risk is evaluated in points ofview such as the past contamination results, the characteristic of insect, the habitation of theinsect, the exposure characteristics of the process of manufacture, the detectability. Thisevaluation makes it possible to decide the order of insect measures reasonably.

Evaluation of Corrosion- and Erosion- Resistant Weld Metal in Various Boilers
Tsubasa Gohira, Youichi shiraishi and Toshiichi Aota
Welding Alloys Japan Ltd.
Due to fuel and operating conditions of various boilers, surface of water-cooled panel tends tobe damaged mainly by corrosion and erosion. And availability factor of boiler itself becomes
low and maintenance cost problem occurs as a result. Therefore, exclusive welding system wasdeveloped by WA Japan to apply to damaged surface of water-cooled panel. And thereafter
cladded tube surface by this welding system was checked after certain period of operation time.
The results obtained in these activities are below summarized.
a. Welding technology, by means of exclusive, compact and solid welding system developed,
is suitable to cladding of water-cooled panel in furnace and effectively applied to repair ofdamaged surface under the conditions with many restrictions.
b. Weld metals overlaid onto water-cooled panel with Alloy 625 and Alloy 622 are effective
protection against thickness loss under corrosive and erosive environments, same as the cases inother countries.
From above-shown results, it can be safely said that welding technology developed herein is
effectively applied to repair of damaged surface of water-cooled panel in various boilers andthat weld metal overlaid with Alloy 625 etc. is right and permanent protection to the damage.
This technology is expected to be hereafter employed in planned maintenance of various boilers
in near future.

Improvement on Plant-Wide Energy System Efficiency by Thermoelectric Solutions― Open and Closed Condensate Recovery System, Air Compressors, and Boiler Feed
Water Heating Unit with Waste Heat Recovery ―Takehiro Uwafuji, Yusuke Okamoto, Kazuyuki Otani and Hiroyuki Hatanaka
Miura Co., Ltd.
MIURA as a leading manufacturer of once-through boilers has adopted “Total solution” as aslogan, promoting various eco-friendly proposals through industrial-water treatment devices andcompressors using in-plant steam, and so on. This paper explains following technologies;
・Closed condensate recovery system which recover heat from flash steam under bothpressurized and vented-to-atmosphere conditions
・Various air compressors meeting expectations of energy-saving effects for each purpose or
usage
・Boiler feed water heating unit with waste heat recovery type which reuses low-temperature
waste hot water occurred in the production process as a heat source to heat boiler feed water.

A Report on Nanocellulose Summit 2016 in Tokyo
Takanori MiyanishiJAPAN TAPPI“Nanocellulose Summit 2016 in Tokyo” was held on December 9, 2016 at Tokyo Big Site
International Conference Hall. Distinguished scientists, project manager, government
administrator and consultant were invited from Canada, U.S.A., Sweden, Switzerland, Korea
and Japan to advance commercialization of nanocellulosic nature-based materials. They madepresentations on production technologies, characterization, applications, standards development
and safety demonstrations. At the industrial level, applications are being developed in upstream
oil and gas, wood product adhesive, pulp and paper, cement, resin composites, synthetic rubbers,
paints, coating and the high-end use, for instance, in biomedical tissue engineering andelectronic materials. Some of the nanocellulosic materials are already implemented in industries
and several companies claim production capacities in tonnage scale. However, a straightforwardmaterial supply with marketable prices is still not given. Cellulosic materials have been safely
used in many industries for centuries but current regulatory frameworks and customer supply
chains demand safety demonstrations for the novel forms now entering commerce withnanoscale properties. The requirements to demonstrate safety vary by geography, productcategory, and life cycle stages.
Basics of Ozone Bleaching
Part 3：Medium Consistency Ozone Bleaching Plants
Takanori MiyanishiJAPAN TAPPIIt is preferable to place the ozone stage at the beginning of the bleaching sequence to remove
most of the residual lignin. This is based on the much faster reaction of ozone with lignin thanwith polysaccharides: the rate constant of ozone with lignin is 1,000 times higher than that ofozone with carbohydrates. So lignin should be considered and used as a protection forpolysaccharides. Another important reason to use ozone in the first bleaching stage is that thehigher the lignin content, the higher is ozone’s selectivity expressed as the Kappa number
reduction per added ozone unit (ΔKN/kgO3). If mills use ozone in the middle of the bleachingsequence or at the end, then the high oxidation potential can definitely impact bleached pulp
strength. Medium consistency ozone bleaching is placed as ZD in the first bleaching sequence.
ZD does not need a washer between Z and D, and removes residual lignin at the maximum
efficiency with the minimum cost. Ozone charge should not exceed 5 kg/AD.pulp.ton in
medium consistency ozone bleaching. Ozonization was initially carried out at 40℃ in the 90s
and such a low temperature was not very convenient as the Z-stage is located after the 85-95℃
oxygen delignification and before an alkaline extraction generally carried out at 60-80℃. It istherefore necessary to cool down the pulp before heating it up. Several results havedemonstrated that for hardwood pulp medium consistency ozone bleaching, Z-stage temperature
can be increased up to 60℃ and sometimes even higher without any negative impact on pulp
strength and brightness.

－Peer Reviewed－
Modified Operation of a Laboratory Refiner for Obtaining Dried Thermomechanical Pulp
from Sugarcane Bagasse and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as Non-wood Fibers
Lilik Tri Mulyantara, Roni Maryana, Vu Thang Do, Atanu Kumar Das and Hiroshi Ohi
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Keiichi Nakamata
Technical and Development Division, Hokuetsu Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.
A process for the production of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) from non-wood fibrousmaterials such as sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (SB) and empty fruit bunch(EFB) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) has not yet been industrialized. On the other hand, there isa requirement for the production of dried TMP from non-wood fibers for the preparation of
medium density fiberboard（MDF board） as an alternative to wood and as a possible method oftreatment of agricultural wastes. Dried fibers are required to produce high quality MDF board.
SB and oil palm EFB are non-wood fibrous materials that are easily available in Indonesia, andhave the potential to be developed as fibers for use in materials of MDF board. This research is
aimed at modifying the operation of a laboratory pressurized TMP refiner to obtain dried fibers
from both these non-wood fiber sources for fabricating MDF materials under suitable conditions.
An approximate solid content of 80% of oil palm EFB dried fibers and an around 55% solid
content of SB dried fibers were obtained by this modified method. These fibers could then be
fully dried to obtain a solid content of 90–92%. On observing the results from fiber
fractionation and the length of these dried fibers, it was found that the SB and oil palm EFB
dried fibers were comparable to mixed light hardwoods fibers produced in an industrial MDF
board process.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

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March 2017Vol. 71, No. 3

Process Control and Automation
2
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22
28
35
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48
53

General Review of 40th Pulp and Paper Process Control Symposium……Process Control and Automation Committee, JAPAN TAPPI

Innovative Changes and Future Technology for Quality Control System……Takuya Akutsu

Innovation and Future of Web Inspection System……Masahiro Suzuki
Change and the Future of the Plant Operation and Maintenance that Utilize
Smart Field Devices―Recommend Proactive Use of HART Devices―……Yasushi Kudo

Future Vision and Direction of Production Control Systems……Koichi Oya
Innovation and Future of Analyzers and Measurements for Pulp and Paper
Industry……Takeshi Sato and Kenichi Ishihara
The Revolution and Future for Drive Systems……Tetsuji Shiota and Ryo Nakajima

The Spot Color-Measurement by Upgraded Spectrophotometer with Paper
Machine……Takayuki Oonishi
57 Introduction of Chip Level Switch which Doesn't Require Radiation Controlled
Area……Atsushi Hashimoto
63 Mill Experiences with Single Point Kappa Analysers……Yusuke Ishimoto
Topics & Information

68
72
78
86

Color Defect Classification by New Inspection System……Atsushi Kurosaki and Shuichi Shoda

International Conference Report―Pan Pacific Conference 2016―……Makoto Iwasaki
Basics of Ozone Bleaching, Part 4
High Consistency Ozone Bleaching Plants……Takanori Miyanishi
Corporate Profile & Product Information 

OMRON Corporation

Research Report（Original Paper）

92

Development of Multiple Evaluation Method of Wood Pulp in Paper by Near
Infrared Spectroscopy………Chika Kawabe, Hiroyuki Fukasawa, Tetsuya Inagaki andSatoru Tsuchikawa

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Committee report
Papyrus

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Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 March JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.3 Abstracts

Innovative Changes and Future Technology for Quality Control System
Takuya Akutsu
HPS Pulp and Paper Sales Department, Honeywell Japan Ltd.
QCS was started by only 2 sensors, basis weight and moisture. QCS supplier was
creating a lot of various sensors and MD/CD controls from 50 years ago. Currently QCS
has so many sensors and MD/CD controls. The customers can have a selectable sensors
and controls freely in produced by QCS suppliers. I describe the QCS history of
approximately 50 years, and I want to predict the future of QCS from a new product ofHoneywell. However basically, I think that QCS future will be depended on thecustomer require mentation.

Innovation and Future of Web Inspection System
Masahiro Suzuki
FUTEC Inc.
Since we developed our first Web inspection system in 1978, we have contributed to various
industries by installing approx. 8700 sheet inspection systems; as of 2015 end, not only
non-printing sectors such as paper, pulp, film, metal and non-woven materials but also printing
industries of gravure, flexography and offset print.
As we look back the history of web inspection systems（WIS）, the frequency of line sensor
cameras has been improved 100 times faster from 2.67MHz in the 1980s to 320MHz in the2010s. Detected defects are realized to be classified by defect types simultaneously storing
defect image data on a real time basis. In the early years, an aim of introducing inspection
systems was avoiding flowing out defected products, but nowadays implication has an quality
improvement tool of lines.
Furthermore, because of high image pixels and high-speed clocks with line sensor camera
improvement, the number of cameras is reduced, and high-frequency fluorescent lamps havebeen replaced with high brightness LED of longevity light source. It resulted in being improved

efficiency of maintenance by lowering camera breakdown ratio and free from replacing lamps.
Using Color cameras, it realizes now real-time defect classification with detected color defectimages, running in a great number of lines. Besides Integrated Quality Management System as
IQM System, which manages the integrate data of multiple inspection systems in a network, hasbeen supplied and monitor on-site condition remotely and analyze in real time.
In the years ahead, further advancement of high image pixels and high-speed clocks of line
sensor cameras will be preceded and downsizing with high performance are to be expected.
New technologies like learning with machines or deep neural learning are implemented, andinspection systems make a contribution to reducing the workload of operators and increasing
productivity.

Change and the Future of the Plant Operation and Maintenance that Utilize Smart Field
Devices― Recommend Proactive Use of HART Devices ―Yasushi Kudo
Marketing Dept., Advanced Automation Company, Azbil Corporation
We now face a big data era where a variety of data such as manufacturing process in thefactory, car, consumer electronics, and humans, gather in cyberspace.
In industry, communication with the field devices such as sensors and actuators have been
rapidly changed from the signal transmission of a single one way by the conventional analog
value to a two-way communication by a plurality of data.
In particular the spread of HART communication that is compatible with the conventional
analog communication accelerated the movement of the intelligent network of field devices, anddevice management system to create a new value is becoming popular in industry.
In this writing, how you can change the plant operation and maintenance by proactive use of
the smart field devices around the use case of the Azbil's device management system“InnovativeField OrganizerTM”.

Future Vision and Direction of Production Control Systems
Koichi Oya
PA Business & Product Planning Dept., IAPF System Business Headquarters,
YOKOGAWA Electric Corporation

Change of technologies and market situation strongly affects the environment of the control
systems. In recent 10-15 years particularly, various standardization and open technologies suchas MS-Windows, field digital, and alarm management are introduced, and each control systemvender has been applying those to its control system with avoiding the impact for thefundamental functionalities and roles of control systems. In coming decade, some largerchanges are expected such as standardization of control system architecture, that of application
schemes, integration between control systems and production management systems, CAPEX
reduction with de-bottlenecking of project execution, and applying of cloud technology.
Control systems venders are required to adopt such technologies efficiently in order toprovide customers benefits without losing the current roles of the control systems in customers'
plants. Control systems venders are also required to consider the system continuity andcompatibility to propose their customers the system migration plan from the existing control
systems to the latest with minimum risk.

Innovation and Future of Analyzers and Measurements for Pulp and Paper Industry
Takeshi Sato and Kenichi Ishihara
Valmet Automation K.K.
Analyzers and Measurements for Pulp and Paper have been developed for stabilizing andimproving of quality paper product, for reducing production loss due to paper-break anddeposite and new parameters for analyzing production process. These instruments have been
improved its accuracy, availability and diagnostics for capable “Advance Process Control”and“Production analysis by big data from process sensors”. This article describes, based on theabove background, to consider “Innovation and Future of Analyzers and Measurements for
Pulp and Paper Industry” by 3 points of “Measurement technology”, “Maintenance”and“Operation”.

The Revolution and Future for Drive Systems
Tetsuji Shiota*1 and Ryo Nakajima*2
Paper, Material Handling & Power Systems Engineering Department*1
Drive Systems Department*2
TOSHIBA MITSUBISHI-ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS CORPORATION -TMEIC-Since TMEIC supplied a sectional drive systems for the paper machine at a half century ago,
a lot of customers have been applying the TMEIC sectional drive system to several kinds of thepaper machine not only for Japanese domestic but also all over the world.
The pulp and paper manufacturers focus on the efficiency and stability of mill operation, suchas energy savings, automation control for cost reduction, less maintenance and total
coordination of the control system. So TMEIC is providing the state-of-arts products andtechnology for their mills. In the old days, the motor-generator system was one of the latest
technology as the sectional drive system, however it had become obsolete for the operation andmaintenance. At present, after a couple of decade since then the IGBT semiconductor
technology is much improved and it has taken over the old system. From now on it is assumed
the next technology is not only hardware, but also software like IoT technologies which
improve a mill operation. This article describes the history of the drive system in the field of
paper manufacturing facilities and introducing the latest drive system with innovative solutions
for the future.

The Spot Color-Measurement by Upgraded Spectrophotometer with Paper Machine
Takayuki Oonishi
Daio Engineering Corporation
Daio Paper Co, has been producing one of the main products, coated and lightweight coatedpapers by N10M/C in Mishima mill. The N10M/C was the first On-Machine Coating system in
Mishima mill in 2007 and also On-line Spectrophotometer by GretagMacbeth (now as xrite)
was also composed in as the Close Loop Color Control system by spot color measurement. As
always, even since then there have been rapid technological innovations and developments andthe new Close Loop Color Control system became available and it made the prior system out ofsales and thus out of service after several years after the out of sales. In March.2016, the system
was finally upgraded to the most recent system and has been started to run as in the pastfunctionality.
In this paper, they are shown and explained that the background, the features, theimprovements and the operational performance of the new system.

Introduction of Chip Level Switch which Doesn't Require Radiation Controlled Area

Atsushi Hashimoto
Ebetsu Mill, Oji F-Tex Co., Ltd.
We used traditional gamma-ray transmission-type level switch for detecting the upper limit of
the chip chute for producing kraft pulp at Ebetsu Mill.
However, this type of switches, containing radiation sources regulated by-law, needed to be at
the radiation controlled areas.
When we planned to replace the existing transmission-type level switch, we went through atrial of new level switch with Earthnix Corp., Ltd., who manufactures the gamma-rayreflection-type level switch that will not need to be at the radiation controlled areas.
As a result, we were able to come to the conclusion to put the new level switch, and get rid of
the radiation control areas at the chip chute for the first time in pulp and paper industry.
This report introduces the case.

Mill Experiences with Single Point Kappa Analysers
Yusuke Ishimoto
Takaoka Mill, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd.
Kappa value measurement is the most important & critical pulp quality parameter todetermine the chemical addition rate in Pulp production process and can become the key tooptimize the chemical cost.
Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Takaoka mill's old softwood kraft bleach plant due to the ageing wasclosed down and was replaced with a new bleach plant which started operations in December,2015. The new bleach plant is expected to provide better chemicals and energy efficiency while
producing pulp that meets quality targets.
In Japan, it has been a standard practice to install traditional Multi-Point Kappa (MPK)
analyzer to measure Kappa online. Typically, MPK analyzer has many sampling positions due tothe update time is long (30 min to 1 hour), which impacts response to process variability. In
addition, poor accuracy, unexplainable measurement spikes and plugging of sample transport
pipelines, makes this heavy investment unreliable. When we were dealing with the equipment
selection of kappa analyzer for our new bleach plant, Single Point Kappa (SPK) analyzer was
proposed by Spectris BTG. Understanding the measurement principle and the function of SPK
and the expected benefits. Chuetsu team concluded that this novel technology for fiber kappa
measurement does offer the possibility to overcome some of the unstable conditions and has apotential to reduce the chemical cost so a trial was performed in the existing plant.

This paper reports the outcome of SPK trial and the current situation until the installationfrom the trial.

Color Defect Classification by New Inspection System
Atsushi Kurosaki and Shuichi Shoda
Surface Vision, AMETEK Co., Ltd.
AMETEK SurfaceVision developed new inspection system “SmartView 7.2C” with colorline camera. The system allows users to set color defect classes by additional more than 20 color
defect features. Learning classification tool “SmartLearn” is useful for classification especiallyfor color defects. Users can focus on making Defect Library of color defects without struggling
with color defect parameters.

International Conference Report―Pan Pacific Conference 2016―
Makoto Iwasaki
MIP Consultant Office
On October 25th, 2016, the Pan Pacific Conference was held in Seoul in Korea. The
researchers and engineers mainly from Pan Pacific countries attend the conference which washeld once in every two years. In this conference 10 invited speech, 55 aural

presentations and

59 poster presentations covered a wide range of topics such as pulping, papermaking, coating,biorefinary and nonocellulose. The summary of those presentations focused on nonocellulose,
pulping and biorefinary are reported.

Basics of Ozone Bleaching
Part 4：High Consistency Ozone Bleaching Plants
Takanori MiyanishiJAPAN TAPPIThe first commercial high consistency (HC) ozone bleaching started in 1992 at the Union

Camp mill in Franklin (Virginia, USA). According to the C-FreeⓇ process implemented there,
the pulp was adjusted by pH, pressed to high consistency (40%), fluffed and transferred to theozone paddle reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. The C-FreeⓇ was provided by Sunds
Defibrator until the late 1990’s in the USA, Sweden, South Africa and Germany. Modern HC
ozone bleaching uses the ZeTracTM technology provided by Valmet which is a much-simplified
version of the C-FreeⓇ. The experience gained for the first industrial installations has shownthat ozone requires very short contacting time with the pulp for around one minute and that a
5-10 minutes extraction stage after the Z-stage without intermediate washing is in most cases
sufficient. Experience has shown that a 5-10 minutes e-stage at 11-12 percent pulp consistency,
following the ozone treatment at high consistency produces results similar to those of a 60-90
minutes conventional extraction stage. The pulp at 38-42 percent consistency is diluted directlywith alkali, so the alkali reaches the heart of the fibers without the need of diffusion and quickly
solubilizes the oxidized material. Then the press following the e-stage removes solubilizedmaterial from the fibers when pressing the pulp. These two aspects ― the quick access to thefibers thanks to their high consistency, and the quick removal of the alkali with the press ―eliminate the need for long diffusion times in an extraction tower (in the case of new bleachplants). These observations permitted to reduce the size of reactors and to lower the investment
costs. The plug screw feeder, the refiner fluffer and the washing stage prior to the extraction
stage could all be eliminated. These drastic simplifications led to a significant reduction of thecapital expenditure, energy requirement, maintenance costs as well as effluent volume.

－Peer Reviewed－
Development of Multiple Evaluation Method of Wood Pulp in Paper by Near Infrared
Spectroscopy
Chika Kawabe and Hiroyuki Fukasawa
Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, Fuji Technical Support Center
Tetsuya Inagaki and Satoru Tsuchikawa
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied in some fields such as medicines,
chemicals and agricultural products. In this report, NIRS was applied to paper sheets to analyze
the contained pulp qualitatively and quantitatively. LBKP, NBKP, CTMP and others could beclassified by principal component analysis (PCA) for NIR spectra. The blend ratio of LBKP,NBKP and CTMP in the both mixtures of LBKP and CTMP, and NBKP and CTMP could bedetermined respectively by partial least squares regression (PLSR) for NIR spectra within thecoefficient of determination (R2 value) of 0.98. Furthermore, the ratio of mixture of KP andanother pulp on the paper could be determined somewhat correctly even if we do not know whatkinds of pulp were contained. NIRS could also be used to estimate the drainability of LBKP;
that is, the predicted value was very close to the measured value. NIRS was also applied toevaluate the degree of degradation of pulp. PCA for NIR spectra of LBKP has revealed thelinear relationships between recycled times and score.
The NIR technique is faster than staining techniques, and does not require special training. If
we could have tested a wider variety of samples, if we had more time, and if we could have
optimized the analysis condition, it would be possible to estimate more precisely.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

4

April 2017Vol. 71, No. 4

Welcoming New Emploees
3
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15
20
24
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35

Operating Experience of Combisorter……Yoshihito Utsunomiya
Operational Experience of the Latest Coarse Screen Reject Treatment System“MaxiTrasher & MaxiSeparator”…… Teppei Tomokuni
Operating Experience of the Biomass Power Plant Combusting Exclusively
Unused Wood……Shinichi Kasuga
Development of Inkjet Paper for Newspaper……Kazuo Totani
Next-generation Surface Sizing Agent……Shiro Umeuchi
Application to TEMPO Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber for the Paper Product……Masayuki Kawasaki，Kazuhiko Ishizuka and Kentaro Kawasaki

The Operation Results and the New Efforts of Papermaking Machine Winder
Number 10………Takahiro Kishita
40 New Type Turbo Blower Saves Energy― Air Foil Bearing Variable Speed Single Stage Turbo Blower TurboMAX―……Go Kawazu and Shingo Yamamoto

Topics & Information,
 eport on the Results of the Fiscal 2016 Follow-up Survey on “JPA s Action
R
Plan for Low-Carbon Society” and Related Information on Measures against Global
Warming in the Japanese Paper Industry……Yasuharu Sakina
61 The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japanafter World War Ⅱ
44

Part 1 The Start of the Paper Industry after World War Ⅱ………Kiyoaki Iida

72 Corporate Profile & Product Information 
FUTEC Inc.
Introduction of Research Laboratories
（116）

76

 roup of Chemistry of Biomass-based Materials（Teramoto lab.）G, Laboratoryof Biomass Conversion, Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied
Biological Sciences, Gifu University

Research Report（Original Paper）

79

High Brightness Mechanical Pulp from Eucalyptus Planted Trees………Takanori Miyanishi

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96

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Coffee break
Papyrus

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115
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118

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 April JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.4 Abstracts

Operating Experience of Combisorter
Yoshihito Utsunomiya
Oita Mill, Oji Materia Co., Ltd..
In Oita mill, there are three paper machines, PM#1,PM#3 and PM#5.Paperboard ismainly produced in Oita mill. In addition to it, gypsum liner board, white paperboard,color board and core board paper are produced.
As the usage rate of used corrugated paperboard accounts for about 80%, thereduction of the rejected pulp in the corrugated paperboard process leads to the increaseof the pulp yield rate. In this report, we will introduce the case that the pulp yield rate
has been boosted by the installation of Combisorter, IHI Voith Paper Technology
Co.,Ltd., at the last screen of the pulp production process.

Operational Experience of the Latest Coarse Screen Reject Treatment System“MaxiTrasher & MaxiSeparator”
Teppei Tomokuni
Kanto Mill, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
Nippon Paper Kanto Mill, Ashikaga is located at about 70km north from the Tokyo
metropolitan area and about 50km south-west from Utsunomiya city, Tochigi prefecture. The
mill owns the PM1 that produces core paper, pasting paper board and water-resistant paperboard, and the PM3 producing conventional corrugated medium and heavy-duty water-resistantcorrugated medium.
Our production is running on about 99% recycle papers, based on a global environmental
friendly activity that efficiently applies the recycle papers. It is however now becoming more
and more tough situation to maintain the quality and the yield, due to more contaminants andincreasing defibration difficulties in the recycle papers. We have now put for the first launch inJapan the “MaxiTrasher & MaxiSeparator” a coarse reject screen system from Aikawa Iron
Works in place on our recycle paper handling process for the corrugated medium line, andimproved the yield and the operational performance. This paper introduces the details of thissuccessful implementation.

Operating Experience of the Biomass Power Plant Combusting Exclusively Unused Wood
Shinichi Kasuga
Yatsushiro Mill, Nippon Paper Industries co., Ltd.
The biomass power plant installed in Yatsushiro Mill is Japan's first power plant specializedin combusting exclusively unused wood. Our aim is to contribute realization of low-carbon
society and activation of forestry as an overall biomass enterprise.
Biomass power plant has started commercial operation from June 2015. During the test run
period, the operation was not stable by the influence of the fly-ashy conveyance system trouble
and the fluctuation of the water content in unused wood. These problems were solved before thestat-up and achieved the power sales volume as planned.
This reports operating experience of the biomass power plant combusting exclusively unused
wood.

Development of Inkjet Paper for Newspaper
Kazuo Totani
Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation
In the publishing and advertising industry, on-demand printing has expanded the market as apromotion tool that meets customers' needs. On-demand printing, which makes it possible toprint such variable information as customers' addresses and names, local advertisement, andguidance of goods based on customers' preference, has steadily become popular in the market
with the spread of the device. Credit card bill, cell phone invoice and direct mail etc. are very
familiar to us, and we can imagine that on-demand printing related would increase in the daily
life.
Inkjet printing which doesn't require plate making and is advantage of a small amount ofprinting, has begun to penetrate even in the newspaper business. Assuming that local newspaper,city edition of national daily paper etc., which have a few print copies, are replaced with inkjet
printing, the authors have developed the inkjet paper for newspaper by the use of recycled pulp,
selection of optimum ink fixative, the setting of optimum range of ink fixative volume and sizepress coat weight etc. in order to add the quality of each grade required for the inkjet paper fornewspaper. This paper introduces the technical development of inkjet paper for newspaper
which the authors have studied so far.

Next-generation Surface Sizing Agent
Shiro Umeuchi
PAPER CHEMICAL BUSINESS DIVISION, SEIKO PMC CORPORATIONIn recent years, we are faced with new challenges, including; 1) a decrease in sizing
efficiency of the anionic surface sizing agents and the internal rosin sizing agents due to the
reduction of the use of aluminum sulfate associated with an increasing trend of making acid-free
paper; 2) destabilization of a surface sizing agent due to an increased number of calcium ions incoating liquid. This increase was caused by calcium carbonate falling from paper surfaces into
coating liquid which was associated with an increase of the amount of calcium carbonate inpaper, etc.
In China, the world’s largest containerboard producer, this is done in order to maintain thestrength of the corrugated fiberboard in the high humidity climate, and much starch has beenused for coating as a paper strengthening agent together with the surface sizing agents whenmanufacturing the corrugating medium. As a result, the coating liquid contains much anionictrash such as fine fibers which fell off the low-strength paper.
Thus, a high performance surface sizing agent, which can efficiently impart stable sizing
performance to the paper and has superior performance related to operability such asmechanical stability, etc. even under these conditions.
We have developed a new surface sizing agent which is different from the traditional surface
sizing agents and adapts to this environment by reviewing the molecular structure and synthesis
method to solve the problems such as the improvement of the sizing effect of surface sizing
agent; the reduction of influence by contaminants including calcium carbonate, calcium ion
derived from the calcium carbonate and anionic trash; and the improvement of mechanicalstability.

Application to TEMPO Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber for the Paper ProductMasayuki Kawasaki, Kazuhiko Ishizuka and Kentaro Kawasaki
Nippon Paper Industries Co., LTD.

Our company is engaged in developing Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) obtained by defibration ofchemically modified pulp. Our aim is to establish stable mass-production of CNF with highquality and low-cost. In this report the characteristics and possible application to papermaking
of TEMPO oxidized CNF, which we focus on developing, are reported. CNF as a raw material
for papermaking improves air resistance and stiffness of paper. These result suggested the use of
CNF as a material to give barrier property or better strength to paper. Furthermore, because
TEMPO oxidized CNF's surface is easily modified by ion exchange application to various
functional paper is possible.

The Operation Results and the New Match of Papermaking Machine Winder Number 10
Takahiro Kishita
Ebetsu Mill, Oji F-Tex Co., Ltd.
Our factory paper making machine number 10 starts the operation in 2002, and building
materials paper, food paper, a stencil for foil, metal joined paper, a stencil release paper windspecialty paper of the low density off with production, a papermaking machine winder number
10.
When wind paper of the low density off with a winder, a difference of the apparent density by
the difference in winding hardness and a machine loss of the spool bearing affect the tension
control, and wrinkle and paper break occur; have a problem.
I remodel the density at the time of the line picking up speed and slowing down to planstabilization of the tension control so that the motor output becomes most suitable to correct
machine loss in the line constant speed automatically and introduce the contents to the stable
operation because there was an effect.

New Type Turbo Blower Saves Energy―Air Foil Bearing Variable Speed Single Stage Turbo Blower TurboMAX―
Go Kawazu
Design Department, Ono Plant, Fluid Division, ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd. *2
Shingo Yamamoto
Sales & Marketing Department, ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd.

In this paper, I would like to introduce the advantages and technologies of TurboMAX turbo
blower. TurboMAX turbo blower consists of superior technologies like air-foil bearing,permanent magnet synchronous motor, high efficiency impeller, high speed control techniqueand so on. As for the overall structure, blower, motor, inverter, touch panel controller and blow
off valve are installed in one enclosure. This is a new style turbo blower called “air foil
bearing-variable speed-single stage turbo blower”. Compare to the conventional blowers,
TurboMAX turbo blower has many advantages in “Saving energy”“Low noise and vibration”“Saving maintenance cost”“Space-saving and lightweight”. Especially, compare to theconventional root blowers, TurboMAX turbo blower can reduce power consumption by 20% on
average.
As global warming is serious issue around the world now, reducing the power consumption isrequired to all industries regardless of its type and scale. Especially for paper industry whichuses and disposes a large amount of water, reducing the cost for waste water treatment is a big
challenge. In the process of waste water treatment, aeration blower's power consumption makes
up the large proportion, and aeration blower usually runs for 24 hours every day. So, highefficiency aeration blower can contribute to the cost reduction of waste water treatment
significantly.
In the latter half of this paper, I introduce an actual case of replacing 2 root blowers to 1 turbo
blower (MAX100) at municipal sewage-treatment plant for the field trial. As the result, we
could confirm 25% energy saving, 16dB noise reduction, 25μm vibration reduction, and 6℃
blower room’s temperature reduction.
ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd. launched TurboMAX turbo blower since 2012 in Japan, andsome blowers have been delivered to paper factories. Though these blowers are used only as
aeration blowers, I expect TurboMAX turbo blower can reduce the power consumption in manyother uses too. One of applications is the air supply source for flotator which is used in thedeinking process during manufacturing recycled paper from used paper. I hope TurboMAX
turbo blower contributes to the energy saving in many fields and it leads to the reduction ofenvironmental burden of the globe.

Report on the Results of the Fiscal 2016 Follow-up Survey on “JPA's Action Plan for
Low-Carbon Society” and Related Information on Measures against Global Warming in
the Japanese Paper Industry
Yasuharu Sakina
Japan Paper Association

The Japan Paper Association (JPA) established its “Voluntary Action Plan on Environment”
in 1997, in response to Nippon Keidanren's call to the Japanese business community to organize“Keidanren's Voluntary Action Plan on Environment”. Since then, JPA has carried out afollow-up survey and published the results every year.
As the Voluntary Action Plan finished in fiscal 2012, JPA newly started “JPA's Action Plan
for Low-Carbon Society” and has been actively addressing global warming prevention in orderto achieve the following targets set in the plan:・Compared to BAU scenario(based on specific CO2 emission rate of 2005), reduce fossil
energy-derived CO2 emissions by 1.39 million tons by fiscal 2020 .
・In view of securing forest resources and increasing forest carbon sink, expand forest
plantation areas owned or managed by the paper industry at home and abroad to 700 thousand
hectares by fiscal 2020.
According to the results of the fiscal 2016 follow-up survey (actual results for fiscal 2015),
fossil-energy derived CO2 emissions in fiscal 2015 was 17.81 million tons, a 28.6% reduction
compared to the fiscal 2005 (24.94 million tons).This is attributed to each manufacturer's active
efforts including energy saving and energy conversion from fossil energy to non-fossil energy
such as biomass energy.
In addition to the results of the follow-up survey, this report introduces the current energy
situation in the Japanese paper industry, outline of the next phase of JPA's Action Plan for
Low-Carbon Society spanning the ten-year period from fiscal 2021 through 2030 and the latest
information of countermeasures against global warming.

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan after WorldWar Ⅱ
Part 1：The Start of the Paper Industry after World War Ⅱ
Kiyoaki Iida
The Japanese paper industry lost its pulp and paper mills overseas which had covered almosta half of its production capacity after World War II. It restarted with the new strategy ofvitalizing stagnated technological developments. By disintegrating old Oji Paper Co., freecompetition in the market as well as in technological developments was secured. The
organization supporting open technical information exchange among the industry wasestablished. Those were significant advices by R. Murdock of GHP, which have later worked
quiet fine.
Though the industry lost its latest equipment overseas, the know-how was succeeded with

those who returned to home land, and helped the restart of the industry. Its style of engineering,
doing everything by themselves, continued for a while until suppliers started to deliverequipment as a complete set, symbolically demonstrated in No. 6 machine of Kushiro Mill, Jujo
Paper in 1960. Then, the interest of the industry’s engineering turned to focus on operating millefficiently, improving productivity and upgrading product reliability. The industry has made useof newly developed technologies, the solid state technology being one of them, for its interest
and, by its efforts, the industry has been able to be competitive internationally.

－Peer Reviewed－
High Brightness Mechanical Pulp from Eucalyptus Planted Trees
Takanori MiyanishiJAPAN TAPPIThe mechanical pulp yield is about 85 to 95% of the original wood, compared with around 45
to 55% for chemical pulp. Hardwood mechanical pulp has the desirable properties of low cost,high opacity and good printing quality due to its high bulk, high smoothness, resiliency, andgood ink absorption. Hardwood mechanical pulp tends to have shorter fibers, higher
light-scattering coefficient and lower strength value. Eucalyptus plantation tree is a common
tropical hardwood species and is used for the production of lower yield chemical pulps such as
kraft pulps. It is believed however that Eucalyptus mechanical pulp is not suitable for the
production of graphical paper grades because of its low initial brightness and limited
bleachability. Alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) and thermomechanical pulping(APTMP) use caustic soda, hydrogen peroxide, and stabilizers to soften and brighten woodchips prior to refining in a disc refiner. The chip pretreatment facility employs a screw feeder
device to apply mechanical compression on wood chips and squeezes out the detrimental
substances for bleaching. It also partially destroys wood structures allowing for easier fiber
separation and reduces refining energy.

In our study, APMP and APTMP were applied to

Eucalyptus-globulus planted trees by pilot plant tests and significant benefits were obtained to
improve bleachability. Brightness of Eucalyptus APMP reached 87% ISO brightness that
surpassed 80% ISO brightness of aspen APMP.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

5

May 2017

Vol. 71, No. 5

Topics & Information

1
7
12Facility Improvement with Small Investment……Yosuke Okamura
Development of New Surface Sizing Agents……Yumi Ando
Development of New Type “AXISZ System”―Improvement of the Runnability by Proper Wet-end Chemistry―		 ……Yuta Mochizuki, Koichi Tadaki, Kaori Sasaki, Miho Onuma and Kazutaka Kasuga

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Validation of Pest Measures Based on A General Risk Investigation……Yuichi Hokita, Junichi Enokida and Suguru Ikuta

Bleach Plant Optimization Utilizing Novel Measurement Technologies
Complimented with Advance Process Control……Dan Smith, Akhlesh Mathur, Masashi Hasegawa and Greg Fralic

Introduction of the Latest Application of Tissue Softness Analyzer（TSA）……Daniel Ohndorf and Hiroyuki Miyaoka

Saving Energy by Protecting Coal from Moisture……Tetsuya Teramoto
Energy Saving by Means of Lower Industrial Air Pressure in Mill……Tsuneo Ito
The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japanafter World War Ⅱ
Part 2 Rayon and the Paper Industry……Kiyoaki Iida

Report on 2016 TAPPI PEERS Conference/RFR and IBBC……Hirohiko Koizumi
2016 Research Projects of Universities and Government Research Institutes……Wood Science Committee, JAPAN TAPPI

Research Report（Original Paper）

67

 reparation of Lignin Composite Kraft Pulp Based on Black Liquor AbsorptionP
and the Following Acidification……Hiroshi Nonaka and Miki Takahashi

03
66
78

Committee report
Coffee break
Papyrus

83
88
89
100
101
103

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titlesin Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 May JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.5 Abstracts

Facility Improvement with Small Investment
Yosuke Okamura
Coating and Finishing Eng. Dept., Voith IHI Paper Technology Co., Ltd.
VOITH IHI Paper Technology's coaters have been maintaining the world's
highest technological standard thanks to Japanese customers who are very
discerning when it comes to paper coating quality. We have also focused on
developing technologies and products by improving the existing technologies further,acting as a leader in the VOITH group worldwide. Our blade coater technology is
the fruit of such efforts. Concerning coater business in our various fields of business,
we are focusing on improving facility maintenance and additional functions of thejet-fountain-type blade coater. Concerning winder business, we are also focusing on
improving operability and safety measures. So far we have delivered over 150 unitsof jet-fountain-type blade coater, which have been adopted as a coating material
application method for various coated papers. Since some of our customers havebeen using our blade coaters for over 30 years, we have proposed plans for
performing facility maintenance and machine updates, which are needed for thelong life of machines. This paper introduces those topics which we are focusing on
the improvement of facility maintenance and the additional functions of our jet
fountain coater and the improvement of operability and safety measures of VOITH's
winder. Concerning the jet-fountain-type blade coater, topics are facility
maintenance of loading device and fountain lip, additional functions of jet flow andskip coating. Facility maintenance of loading device means exchanging the corroded
and worn rotating parts to new ones, facility maintenance of fountain lip means
exchanging lip blade and adjusting lip profile. Concerning the winder, topics areroller bar and safety measures of knife of slitter. The installation of roller bar leads
the improvement of spread effects and the reduction of product loss.
Facility maintenance will certainly prolong the service life of the machines,
maintain machine accuracy and stabilize product quality.
The additional functions, which I introduce here, and also aiming at improving
operability and reducing product loss, are being received favorably by our customer.

Development of New Surface Sizing Agents
Yumi Ando
Paper Chemicals, Research & Development H.Q., Arakawa Chemical Industries, LTD.
In recent papermaking industry, since the trend of cost reduction andenvironmental protection, chemicals with good performance by small dosage arehighly desired.
As for surface sizing agents, it has become much more difficult to achieve betterand stable performance under poor condition, i.e. highly recycled fibers are used,high ash content paper is produced etc.
Two types of surface sizing agents, which are solution type and emulsion type, arecommercially available. Emulsion type products have mainly been developed inindustry, because of less foaming trouble.
We have developed three different types of surface sizing agents, Type A, B, and C.
Type A, comprising a special emulsifier, is designed to enhance hydrophobicity anddispersibility, so that it suits two-roll size press machine well. Type B is designed tohave anionic substituent groups, in order to perform well in rich cationic system.
Furthermore, by introducing permeable components into Type C, it can easily show
sizing effect in low-liquid-absorbing system such as a gate-roll coater.
In this report, more details will be explained.

Development of New Type“AXISZ System”―Improvement of the Runnability by Proper Wet-end Chemistry―
Yuta Mochizuki, Koichi Tadaki, Kaori Sasaki, Miho Onuma and Kazutaka Kasuga
Technical Div. Technical Dept., SOMAR Corporation
As well known, on any paper making machines, any wet-end chemicals are notable to achieve its acquired effectiveness, due to excess use of waste paper pulp anddue to too much dosage of filler. In last year in this conference, we introduced “ NewType Dual Addition System ” which had been developed with new concept toperform better even under these circumstances and we proudly told you that our
on-machine trials had met favorable reception. In this paper, we would like to showour examples of the evolved coagulant in various aspects.
“REALIZER A Series” was developed to obtain the function of pitch-control byadjusting the best ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. Recently, as a target,
we have chosen the sizing agent among the various auxiliary chemicals which“REALIZER A Series” may help sizing agent or may enhance its sizing function andhave been working on the test to improve the supporting capability of “REALIZER A
Series” to help the sizing agent to adhere more to pulp and other components inwhite water. In addition, we have already put newly developed coagulant into themarket. The new coagulant is able to enhance the capability of retention aid toimprove the retention of filler and pulp and at the same time, so as to improve thetotal paper qualities, such as formation. On the other hand, another type of“REALIZER A Series” has been developed which can help drainage agent for water
to pass through the pulp fibers and other components easily.
The important thing is to establish the best collaboration of coagulant andretention aid to get better paper quality and runnability, and to reduce pitch trouble
and paper defects. It is also important to find or judge the appropriate position to
add these chemicals with right dosage. Therefore, in this paper, we are going toshow our experiments or trials together with the results.

Validation of Pest Measures Based on A General Risk Investigation
Yuichi Hokita, Junichi Enokida and Suguru Ikuta
Technical Development Division，IKARI SHODOKU CO., LTD.
Business Division, IKARI SHODOKU CO., LTD.
Technical Development Division，IKARI SHODOKU CO., LTD.
Contamination of insects into products will lead to big problems such as market
claims and complaints.
In many factories, they are using monitoring methods to investigate andunderstand the numbers and types of insects in factories. However, that method is
not adequate enough to understand all the problems in the production areas. We
need to apply the comprehensive methods. We would like to introduce you theeffective methods of investigations of risks of pests.

Bleach Plant Optimization Utilizing Novel Measurement Technologies Complimented with
Advance Process Control
Dan Smith, Akhlesh Mathur, Masashi Hasegawa and Greg FralicSpectris Pte Ltd. BTG Instruments, Singapore
Spectris Co., Ltd. BTG Instruments, Japan
Capstone Technology Corporation, Toronto Canada
Unit operations in a fiberline are designed to selectively remove lignin to achievea pulp with desired brightness, cleanliness and strength. Pulp being a commodity
there is always a pressure to reduce costs. The primary focus is generally to reducewood costs but efforts to reduce bleaching chemicals, the second largest cost
contributor, cannot be ignored.
Conventional bleach plant process control is based on the lignin content of thepulp fibers expressed as kappa number, combined with brightness measurement in
the bleaching stages. There is compelling evidence that carryover consumes
bleaching chemicals (Chlorine dioxide, in short ClO2). In the absence of carry-overmeasurement, mills compensate by applying a high operator bias to cover peakcarryover demand which results in higher bleaching costs. To overcome thischallenge, the pulp industry is currently
transitioning from conventional fiber kappa number measurement using a
traditional multipoint analyzer to the new total kappa measurement using an inline
Bleach Load Transmitter for ClO2 charge control. In this way, the impact ofcarryover lignin is also included in the control of chemical charge. This continuous
bleach load signal minimizes operator bias and delivers significant bleachingchemical savings.
Manipulation of multiple process variables is required to achieve effective bleachplant control and it is extremely challenging to optimize each of the controlled
variables to maintain the process close to target. While it is of utmost importance of
have the sensors functioning accurately and regulatory control loops in place; it ispractically impossible for operators to manually optimize bleaching chemicals toachieve final brightness at minimal cost.

To overcome this challenge,

Multivariable Advanced Control System (MACS), a proven advanced control
platform, has the potential to deliver large savings to mills. MACS uses dynamic
process models to account for the effect of bleach load disturbances on downstream
kappa number and brightness, and manipulates the ClO2 dose to compensate forthese disturbances. MACS corrects for unmeasured disturbances via feedbackcontrol, and accounts for varying process delays and non-linear bleaching curves via
real time model adaptation.

MACS also optimizes the bleach load applied at eachstage to minimize bleaching cost for a given final brightness.
This paper highlights the advantages of a synergistic approach to optimizing
bleach plants by utilizing proven, novel and differentiated measurement
technologies with advanced process control strategies. Some case histories taking
this approach are also included.

Introduction of the Latest Application of Tissue Softness Analyzer (TSA)
Daniel ohndolf
Emtec GmbH
Hiroyuki Miyaoka
Scientific Instruments Dept., Nihon Rufuto Co., Ltd.
The tissue production is a very complex process: extremely fast and at the sametime it needs to be guaranteed, that the quality of the base material and also of thefinished product meets the expectations of the converters and customers. Chemicals
have to be added at the right time and in the right amount and the machines for the
production and converting have to be set in the right way.
Besides this, producers and converters of tissue are under pressure from theconsumers, because more and more these customers expect a quality on the highest
possible level, but at the same time to the lowest possible cost.
This actually contains a couple of issues for tissue producers and all companies
which are somehow related to the tissue production, such as pulp and chemical
suppliers, but also manufactures of tissue production and converting machines.

Saving Energy by Protecting Coal from Moisture
Tetsuya Teramoto
Kurita water industries LTD.
In paper mills and power plant, coal is stored in an outdoor location. Most of thecoal absorb moisture from rain or the water sprayed for dust control. Increased coalmoisture causes troubles such as clogging in the transport equipment as well asenergy loss in combustion.
As a solution to these problems, a method that utilizes an impermeable and strong
coating agents is reported. The Lab results as well as field results of the coating
agents are reported in this document prove the moisture inhibition effects of theagents.
A solution provided by coating agents is a simple yet effective method to preventthe increase of coal moisture.

Energy Saving by Means of Lower Industrial Air Pressure in Mill
Tuneo Ito
Matsumoto Mill, Oji Materia Co., Ltd.
Oji Materia Co., Ltd. Matsumoto mill worked on the energy saving ofcompressors since 2013. In fiscal year 2014, we saved energy curtailing waste ofelectricity by controlling pressure of compressors that supply air to lines in our mill.
As a result, we were able to reduce compressors electricity in 1.73 MkWh/ year from
2.24 MkWh/ year. Furthermore, compressor electricity was finally at 1.655
MkWh/year by suppressing the consumption of the air blow and we achieved
reduction of 26% electricity. To plan the effective use of facilities, we enabledmonitoring of compressors electricity, air pressure, air flow quantity and the remotecontrol of the compressors.

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan after World
War Ⅱ
Part2

Rayon and the Paper Industry

Kiyoaki Iida
The paper industry has been supplying dissolving pulp to cellulosic fiber industry,
which was newly born at the beginning of 20th century, and of which developmentin the early stage the paper industry was in part involved in. With the study ofcellulosic fiber, the concept of high polymer was invented and new industries suchas those relating to synthetic fiber and petro chemistry started.
As the monopoly by Courtlaud ended in 1920, rayon was now produced worldwide,and Japan also started its manufacturing. By 1937, it took the 28% share of theworld production. The paper industry supplied pulp to them and developed thetechnology of using domestic woods such as red pine, beech and cedar.
After World War II, rayon production recovered very quickly from ruin. Then,synthetic fiber rapidly took the market from rayon and the domestic rayon
manufacturers retreated from the business. So, the dissolving pulp manufacturers
in Japan turned to paper making.

Report on 2016 TAPPI PEERS/RFR Conference and IBBC Conference
Hirohiko Koizumi
Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
The 2016 TAPPI PEERS (Pulping, Engineering, Environmental, Recycling &Sustainability) Conference/RFR (Research Forum on Recycling) and IBBC
(International Bioenergy & Bioproducts Conference) were held in Jacksonville,
Floridain September 2016.

There were several remarkable reports which focused on using poor recyclable
papers such as packaging products in PEERS/RFR. Wide range of studies were
presented to utilize wood biomass materials in IBBC: separation methods,
developments of products, improvements of facilities and so on.
Some notable papers were summarized in this article.

Preparation of Lignin Composite Kraft Pulp Based on Black Liquor Absorption and theFollowing Acidification
Hiroshi Nonaka and Miki Takahashi
Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Japan
Kraft pulp is the most expanding pulp in the world, applicable to every kind ofwood species. A few drawbacks of kraft pulping are that its yield is low around 50%
and the dissolved lignin is used only for energy after concentration of the black
liquor. This research aims at overcoming them by development of novel lignin
composite kraft pulp. We propose a unique lignin composite process based on blackliquor absorption with pulp and the following acidification. Various kinds of lignin
are typically dissolved in alkaline solution and are precipitated at neutral or acidic
pH. According to this mechanism, lignin could be precipitated in pulp swollen withblack liquor.
Model black liquor was prepared by dissolving commercially available kraft
lignin in 2 N NaOH. Bleached softwood kraft pulp was immersed in the black liquorfor 5 min and the pulp was acidified with 10% acetic acid. After defibrillation, a
hand-made paper was prepared from lignin composite pulp. The paper
demonstrated good tensile and tear strength with increased hydrophobicity. It
seemed that lignin is less oriented at the surface and included more in the cell wallof the fibers. This kind of fiber is very difficult to be produced by both mechanicaland chemical pulping. Our method could contribute to increase the yield of kraft
pulp and create novel fibers with various characteristics.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

6

June 2017Vol. 71, No. 6

Energy Saving Ⅰ
Opening Address of the 21st Saving Energy Seminar……Yoshihito Meguro
Operating Experience of Wood Chip Biomass Power Plant……Takahiro Kawahara
Fuel Gas Production from Organic Wastewater by Hydrothermal Gasiﬁcation
Treatment Using Catalyst……Nobuyuki Matsumoto
15 Eﬀorts to Improving The Eﬃciency by Changing the Gas Turbine Operating
Method……Haruo Okada
20 Maximization of Energy Saving by High Eﬃcient Control System with
KAWASAKI Absorption Chiller
1
3
8

32
37

―Utilization of Waste Heat to Produce Chilled Water more Eﬃciently throughEnvironmentally Friendly Product―……Makoto Uchida
Activities for Energy Saving in Oji Materia Co., Ltd.……Akihiro Yamamori

Energy Saving by Introducing Circulating Liquid of FGD/Water Heat
Exchanger on Boiler………Takamichi Tsuchiya

Topics & Information

42

From Energy‑consuming Mill to Energy‑creating Mill

46

Operating Experience of Advanced Process Control（APC）on the Kraft Pulp
Bleaching Process……Yoshifumi Chiba
Development of New Retention Aid and Paper Quality Evaluation……Daisuke Nagamine, Ryo Yoshida and Chiaki Kawakami

49……Yoshimi Yoshioka, Goichi Hayashida, Yumi Kubota, Hiroyuki Suzuki and Kenji Sakai

54

A Solution to Optimize Operation at a Pulp Plant―Operational Improvement with IIoT（Industrial Internet of Things）―……Akira Endo

58

71

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japanafter World War Ⅱ
Part 3 Hardwood as a New Pulp Resource……Kiyoaki Iida
Corporate Proﬁle & Product Information

SAN NOPCO LIMITED
Introduction of Research Laboratories
（117）

80

Ehime Institute of Industrial Technology Paper Technology Center

Review Article（Original Paper）

83

Paper and Ink Technology Applied for High‑speed Inkjet Production Printing……Naoki Morita, Hiroyuki Ueki and Yukari Motosugi

Research Report（Original Paper）

89

Dependence of Enzymatic Sacchariﬁcation on Residual Lignin Structure in
Sugarcane Bagasse Pretreated with Alkaline Sulﬁte……Roni Maryana, Akiko Nakagawa‑izumi, Hiroshi Ohi and Keiichi Nakamata

03 Committee report
79 Essay on Intellectual Property
82 Coﬀee break
106 Papyrus
110
115
128
129
131

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid‑open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 May JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.6 Abstracts
Operating Experience of Wood Chip Biomass Power Plant
Takahiro Kawahara
Yashio Mill, Rengo Co., Ltd.
In recent years, energy conservation, diversification of energy sources and reduction ofgreenhouse gases are required for companies. Rengo Co., Ltd has dealt with these issues
with a goal of 32% reduction in CO2 emissions from the 1990 level by 2020, which is called
Eco Challenge 020. Saitama introduced a system in 2010 which encourage the plants using
energy more than 1500kl in a crude oil equivalent in a year to reduce CO2 emissions 13%
from the base year in 5 years (2015-2019).
Yashio Mill installed the wood chip biomass power plant in Jan of 2016 to achieve thegoals. This report shows the performance of the new plant and approach to the threetroubles as the operating experience.
Fuel Gas Production from Organic Wastewater by Hydrothermal Gasification Treatment Using
Catalyst

Nobuyuki Matsumoto
Engineering Department, Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.

The new technology that can utilize the potential energy contained in organic wastewater is required in
the terms of the prevention of global warming.
The hydrothermal gasification process for the wastewater containing organic matter in high concentration
was developed and commercialized by Osaka Gas. In the hydrothermal gasification process, the organic
matter contained in wastewater is decomposed at high speed and converted into the gas such as methanethat can be utilized as fuel in the catalytic reactor under the condition of sub-critical water. The
application of the hydrothermal gasification process to the wastewater conventionally treated byincineration because biological treatment cannot be applied enables the energy recovery, CO2 emission
reduction and treatment cost reduction.
The catalyst possessing high gasification activity in sub-critical water was developed. The process wasdeveloped by the laboratory scale and bench scale test. The decomposition characteristic of the typicalorganic matter contained in wastewater and the treating condition of the simulated or actual wastewater
was clarified by the test.
The pilot plant was designed and installed in an actual factory. The performance of the hydrothermal
gasification process was verified by the operation of the pilot plant for about 8,000 hours. The organic
matter concentration of the treated water was maintained in low level and the generated gas composition
was enough stable to be used for boiler fuel. The pilot plant has being in operation as the actual treatment
plant for the factory after the demonstration test. The accumulated operation time of the plant is now
more than 30,000 hours.

Efforts to improving the efficiency by changing the gas turbine operating method

Haruo Okada
Kanto Mill,Hokuetsu Kishu Paper Co.,LTD.

The gas turbine power generation equipment at the Kanto Mill Hokuetsu Kishu Paper Co., Ltd. has
needed to improve its profitability to address the changes in the external environment. We examined
optimum operating conditions of the gas turbine and have achieved a great efficiency improvement bycontrolling the input flow of high pressure steam.
In this paper, we further introduce examples of installing the intake air cooling equipment and othercost improvements for lowering the energy consumption toward a temperature rise during summer
seasons.

Maximization of Energy Saving by High Efficient Control System with KAWASAKI Absorption
Chiller―Utilization of Waste Heat to produce Chilled Water more efficiently through Environmentally
Friendly Product―

Makoto Uchida
Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co.,Ltd

We Kawasaki Thermal Engineering(KTE) are the leading manufacturer of Absorption Chiller
and Boiler.
Our latest model of Absorption Chiller "Efficio Series" with the highest COP and systemefficiency could be operated not only by natural gas but also by several waste heats such as hot
water, steam and solar heat.
We hereby introduce our control system to achieve much more energy saving for Absorption
Chiller and its auxiliaries including Cooling Tower, Cooling Water Pump and Chilled Water
Pump.

Activities for Energy Saving in Oji Materia Co.,Ltd.

Akihiro Yamamori
Oji Materia Co.,Ltd.

Oji Group has continued to work on energy saving activities for sustainable production. As for Oji
Materia Co.,Ltd., we have been targeting over 1.5% reduction per year in total energy consumption since
2002 and achieving good results every year.
Whereas, those activities were approaches separately in each mill, so which was stagnant in some millsin the face of shortage of new items and manpower.
To solve the problems, we organized a Headquarter-centered project team with the cooperation of theengineering consulting firm. And we set objectives to move forward energy saving activities and develop
human resources. By these company-wide actions, we have achieved great results.
This paper introduces the above approaches.

Energy Saving by Introducing Circulating Liquid of FGD/Water Heat Exchanger on
BoilerTakamichi Tsuchiya
Ishinomaki Mill,Nippon Paper Industries Co.,Ltd.

Nippon Paper Group was formulated Green Action Plan, that is the plan of action forenvironment. In Green Action Plan 2015, we formulated to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions from fossil energy and the use of fossil energy. It was achieved and weformulate new target, Green Action Plan 2020, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In Ishinomaki Mill, we adopt circulating heat exchanger on #1 Biomass Boiler. Thisis liquid of FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization)/water heat exchanger. This heats boiler
feed-water and it is energy saving by reducing the use of steam on deaerator. We
installed plate heat exchanger on another boiler. This was also liquid of FGD/water heatexchanger, but it often got clogged heat exchanger for liquid of FGD and ash. So we
decided to adopt spiral heat exchanger because it is strong to slurry solution like liquidof FGD. In addition, we selected the biggest heat transfer area for Kurose to be able tobuild it. As a result, it works well on energy saving and keeps inside clean.

From Energy-consuming Mill to Energy-creating Mill

Daisuke Nagamine、Ryo Yoshida and Chiaki Kawakami
Andritz K.K.

COP21 adopted the Paris Agreement in December 2015 that emphasizes the urgent needs toreduce greenhouse gas emission to control the global average temperature to well below 2 °C
above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above
pre- industrial levels.
Japan is committed to reduce by the year 2030 CO2 gas emissions by 26% compared with thelevel of 2013.
Kraft pulp production mill system is an ideal process since it processes biomass not only to
produce pulp stock but at the same time to generate energy, that is more than required for thepulping processes.
The kraft pulp mill is consisting of various fiberline processes, recovery processes and various
sub-systems as well as auxiliary equipment.
By upgrading and integrating the mill processes and through optimization, it will be possible
to create more green energy and more efficiently from the biomass that contributes to the
reduction of greenhouse gases and pulp mill economy.

Operating Experience of Advanced Process Control (APC)on the Kraft Pulp Bleaching Process

Yoshifumi Chiba
Akita Mill, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.

At Akita mill, fuel cost reduction in the kiln process has been achieved by use of oil cokesthat started in 2013, there is more room for the energy saving because the operation of the kiln
still depends on the experience of the operator. Also in the bleaching process, there is room forchemical saving because the process is always operated conservatively to keep the final
brightness in the upper part of target range. For the above reasons, we introduced processoptimization system to both the kiln and bleaching process in expectations of steady operationand cost reduction. Now, we are working on an early realization of the process improvement.
In this report, the management after the introduction of the system and the operation after themodification of bleaching process are explained. Although this system has many installation
records overseas, it is first installation in Japan.

Development of New Retention Aid and Paper Quality Evaluation
Yoshimi Yoshioka, Goichi Hayashida, Yumi Kubota, Hiroyuki Suzuki and Kenji Sakai
Shonan Research Center, HYMO Corporation
Recently the waste paper is noticed a reduction in quality, as strong demand forexport of high quality waste paper, and slowdown in domestic paper spending.
Furthermore, the basis weight of paper has been become lighter and ash content inpaper has been become higher, in an effort to cut cost. Therefore, it is the issue thatthe lower retention rate, caused by variation of such papermaking surroundings,
should be solved.
In order to develop new retention aid, which will solve the issue above mentioned,
we focused on the distribution in existing polymer. In this section, we report theconcept of new technology ‘Selection: control of polymer distribution’ andhigh-performance retention aid developed by this new technology.
In general, polymers have certain distribution in the molecular weight, thestructure, and the electric charge. We established ‘Selection-technology’ whichenable us to select active components for retention and to remove disadvantageous
components for paper quality, from the distribution of polymers.
By this technology, we succeeded to develop the new retention aid that have highabilities of both macromolecule bridging and charge neutralization, which were themain mechanism of flocculation of fibers and fillers. Because the new retention aid
is superior in the flocculation of fiber and ash, it showed not only high retention but
also improvement of paper quality, for different properties on fiber length andamount of ash.
These results supported that the new retention aid exerted a beneficial impact on
the best performance under the changing of papermaking surroundings.

A Solution to optimize operation at a pulp plant― Operational improvement with IIoT(Industrial Internet of Things) ―Akira Endo
Yokogawa Solution Service Corporation
Smart devices and cloud computing services have spread in our society at a rapid
rate. Known as the “Industrial Internet” sponsored by companies based in the
United States, and the “Industry 4.0” project led by the German government, theInternet of Things (IoT) has been well discussed in this current trend.
The term,the Industrial IoT (IIoT), is often preferred in especially, manufacturing industries.
Yokogawa also has proposed making the most of big data for operations analysis ofcustomer plants, to give feedback to customers, and to help them improve theirprocess control. However, every manufacturing plant has its own challenges totackle. In order to seek operational improvement, it is essential to fully
understand how the plant works and to clarify the key issues. In this session, I
will explain our concept of IIoT and several solutions for optimized operation aiming
at problem solving in the pulp and paper industry.

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan after WorldWar Ⅱ
Part 3：Hardwood as a New Pulp Resource
Kiyoaki Iida
Until the 1950s, pulp was manufactured from softwood. As Japan did not have enoughsoftwood, it was necessary to use hardwood as an alternative.
Then, USA, which was the largest paper manufacturer but scarce in good softwood resource,
studied on using hardwood and developed SCP and CGP processes. Japan suffering fromsoftwood shortage quickly adopted them and blended CGP up to 30% in its newsprint furnish.
The key technology was the refiner of high power that was developed in Sweden and USA.
The effort continued and one paper company manufactured printing paper of high grade from
hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP). As its quality proved to be fine and the demand for thattype of paper increased quickly, many paper companies in Japan started to produce that kind of
paper. With technological advances that followed such as introducing chlorine dioxide forbleaching, perfecting continuous digester, and surface sizing for vessel troubles, fine grade
printing paper of LBKP, invented in Japan, has become a world standard.
Japan, however, could not keep up against increasing paper demand with its domestic wood
supply, and started to import wood chips overseas by chip carriers. It greatly changed thestructure of the industry which will be discussed in the coming issue.

－Peer Reviewed－
Paper and Ink technology applied for high-speed inkjet production printing
Naoki Morita, Hiroyuki Ueki and Yukari Motosugi
Marking Technology Laboratory, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
A High-speed inkjet production printer which prints aqueous inks onto continuous feed-roll
paper has been growing by enabling digital printing such as on-demand and variable outputs.
For example, direct-mail, transaction and trans-promotion with small lots, personalized
addressing and contents are provided with low cost paper and ink performing medium color
printing quality.
Permeable papers with inks are used in these printing outputs reflecting inkjet principles,
however, printing companies expect to print on offset coated paper for commercial printing as anatural requirement because it reduces costs remarkably. The penetration into the coated paper
were observed which required more than one second, although the penetration was completed inseveral tens of milliseconds on the plain paper, and then the fixing and the drying of the inks
were the issues in printing systems. To manage these issues, a resin in the ink is utilized to fix
colorants, and moisturizing agents are eliminated from the ink which was conventionallyapplied in traditional inkjets to maintain the dehydration performance.
As a result, monochrome ink having above improvements enabled personal addressing onto
pre-printed coated paper and enhanced the concealed postcards in the folded form for example.
Furthermore, for the color inks, when image density is high about more than 200 %, the systemfor pre-coating layer on the paper is introduced to coagulate ink colorants to avoid mixing andmigrating of the printed dots. In the nearest future, ink is expected to print on coated paper andnonpermeable film materials with the system assistance, or the inkjet paper is expected toalternate coated paper in both price and quality.
Inkjet makers introduced 1200 dpi printers on drupa 2016 where the print quality has been
improved although it was single pass printing, and also presented the fixing technology onto
nonpermeable media. Although inkjet technology is supposed to stagnate around the beginningof the 21st century, inkjet is expected to innovate by facing the challenges in production printing
market.

－Peer Reviewed－
Dependence of Enzymatic Saccharification on Residual Lignin Structure in Sugarcane
Bagasse Pretreated with Alkaline Sulfite
Roni Maryana, Akiko Nakagawa-izumi, and Hiroshi Ohi,
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Keiichi Nakamata
Technical and Development Division, Hokuetsu Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.
Effects of residual-lignin structure—expressed as the syringaldehyde to vanillin (S/V)
ratio—on the enzymatic saccharification rate was studied as a key step of bio-ethanol
production. Alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone (AS-AQ) and soda-AQ cooking methods wereapplied to delignification of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and oil palm trunk (OPT), and the resulting
pulp samples were subjected to enzymatic saccharification. The S/V ratios of residual lignin in
the pulp were determined by the nitrobenzene oxidation method. This study showed that the
AS-AQ method is more suitable for delignification of SB than the soda-AQ method is. SB pulp
released more glucose than OPT pulp did under the same conditions of cooking andsaccharification. A decrease in the kappa number (residual lignin content) significantly
increased the saccharification rate. In a comparison of AS-AQ pulp samples at the same kappa
number (20), the SB pulp with a lower S/V ratio (0.68) yielded a higher saccharification rate
(0.0327), whereas the OPT pulp (S/V ratio: 2.56) yielded a lower saccharification rate (0.0252).
In a comparison of SB and OPT, we found that syringyl-rich lignin kept in pulp results in alower saccharification rate of the pulp samples prepared by the AS-AQ cooking method.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

7

July 2017Vol. 71, No. 7

Energy Saving Ⅱ
1
6
13
20
26

Energy Saving for KP Plant by Steam Reduction……Masatake Yoshizu
Energy Saving Using The Variable Speed Fluid Coupling……Junichi Fujimori
Activities for Energy Saving in Takaoka Mill……Tadashi Kyoukon and Takuma Fukushima nergy Saving Measures by Low-Emissivity Thermal-Barrier Effect for HeatE
Treatment Facility Like Industrial Furnace―Thermo-Resin SV Method―……Nobuhiko Wakano

Practices for Specific Energy Reduction in TMP Process……Masaru Shinya

Topics & Information

30
33
41
46
53

GL&V/Kawanoe EZ Hydrocyclone Technology―
 Ultimate Process Performance and Superior Time Economy―……Jose Santiago and Kozo Kishida

Standardized and Automated On-Line Pulp Testing for Process Optimization
and Control―L&W Pulp Tester-Case Studies―……Mitsuhiro Yamazaki
Papermaking 4.0 New Concept of VOITH Paper……Ryozo Shimizu

Fully Sprit Seal for Accurate Rotation―Application to The Vertical Rotating Equipment―……Atsushi Ebisu

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japanafter World War Ⅱ
Part 4 Chips Import and Integrated Mills of the Japanese Model ⑴……Kiyoaki Iida

Review Article（Original Paper）

62

CFD Technology for Coating and Paper Making Process……Masaru Yasuhara

03
75

Committee report
Papyrus

84
88
89
103
104
106

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titlesin Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 July JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.7 Abstracts

Energy Saving for KP Plant by Steam Reduction
Masatake Yoshizu
Hokkaido Mill-Yufutsu, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd
The demand for paper has significantly dropped after the Lehman collapse in 2009.
That was why Yufutsu Mill had to halt the operations of Paper Machine No.1. It
decreased the amount of the KP production and increased the energy consumption
rate in the KP process. The accumulation of small improvement projects was noteffective enough to get it back to pre-shutdown level. In this study, notablereduction of the steam consumption rate in the KP bleaching process, which wasconsiderably affected by the production curtailment, was observed without any
large capital investments, as a result of three measures: optimization of hot water
usage, efficiency improvement in hot water generation, and drastic changes in
exhaust heat recovery. This report describes these three measures.

Energy saving using the variable speed fluid coupling
Junichi Fujimori
Voith Turbo Co.,Ltd

Hokkaido Works

In the manufacturing plant, we are seeking energy conservation for the purposeof efficient use of fossil fuel to prevent global warming and reduce environmental
pollution. Efficient plant operation leads to reduction of energy cost and brings
many benefits. In plants with large boilers electric motor driving a large fan orpump is consuming more power. Fan and pump variable speed drive introduction
rather than a throttle or valve control will lead to big energy savings. In this paper,
we consider the use of variable speed fluid coupling for realizing energy saving.

Activities for Energy Saving in Takaoka Mill
Tadashi kyoukon
Takuma Fukushima
Takaoka Mill Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co.Ltd.
Chuetsu Pulp Takaoka mill focused on energy savings as a major cost reduction
measures from the past and the whole mill have achieved results. However, in
recent years, we had dealt with the projects that can easily obtain energy saving
benefits, so the achievement ratio to energy saving targets set each year became
generally low. Even in such circumstances, the Energy Management Committee
members take the lead in doing tenacious activities in energy saving conscious anddiscovering a new project for energy saving.
In this paper, we introduce the recent energy saving results into three categories,
electric power saving, crude oil saving and water saving of our factory.

Energy Saving Measures by Low-Emissivity Thermal-Barrier Effect for Heat Treatment
Facility Like Industrial Furnace―Thermo-Resin SV Method―
Nobuhiko Wakano
Ceramic sensor Division. Chugai Shoko Co., Ltd.
In recent years, the manufacturing industries, in cooperation with the public
sectors, have been actively adopting energy saving measures from maintenance andmanagement.
Meanwhile, one of the highest energy consumption facility in the industry is a heat
treatment one including industrial furnace.There are around 40,000 heat treatment
facilities in operation throughout Japan, which accounts for about 18% of energy
expenditures in Japan and about 40% of that of all industrial sectors.
Therefore, we have developed an ultrathin low-emissivity thermal-barrier paint"Thermo-Resin SV" which can reduce radiant heat transfer up to 80% by simply
cladding only 5 - 15 μm as a valid measure in both environment and economic
aspects by reducing energy consumption rate and improving the workplace owing tocutting heat loss. It archives cost-effectiveness in a very short period because its
initial cost is very low as users only have to clad the coating paint and yet have bigheat reduction effect.

Practices for specific energy reduction in TMP process
Masaru Shinya
Tomakomai Mill，Oji Paper Co.，Ltd.
In 1970's the strength on newsprint paper manufactured in Tomakomai mill, Oji
Paper

Co.,

Ltd

dependedmainlyonmechanical

pulp

such

as

TMP

（thermo-mechanical pulp）.
TMP contributed greatly to lighter grade of newsprint paper through establishedproduction system; however, the required pulp quality as well as production ratio
has become less dependent on TMP after KP plant started and the production of
DIP(deinked pulp) has been increasing with the rise in environmental awareness.
Once oil-saving production system was implemented in 2008 at Tomakomai due tohigher fuel price, we needed to improve operating conditions such as refining
system or new type of refiner plates to reduce energy cost in TMP accompanied withhigh energy consumption.
In a series of several practices, we have continued to optimize conditions andintroduce new technology while carefully considering required pulp quality, andfinally achieved 32% specific energy reduction in the refiner process of TMP
production.

GL&V/Kawanoe EZ HYDROCYCLONE TECHNOLOGY―Ultimate process performance and superior time economy―
Jose Santiago ,Kozo Kishida

GL&V Sweden AB ,Kawanoe Zoki Co., Ltd.

Current economic conditions put high priority to cost cutting and more effective
shutdowns. Hydrocyclones are very important equipment that shall meet highstandard requirements both at a process and quality level but also at maintenance.
Effective shutdowns are critical to the operation of mills, whether they are planned

or unplanned, every mill aims to reduce overall downtime costs as much as its time
length. Furthermore, cleaning efficiency and fiber saving demands have increased
along the years and therefore existing cleaner systems can be operated at
equivalent or higher cleaning efficiency at the same energy consumption while
increasing fiber savings. By introducing changes in the internal surface of thehydrocyclones, separation efficiency and fiber savings are increased and run ability
improved. We present the EZ technology that meets all these high demands, uniting
concepts such as process performance and time economy in one single product.

Standardized and Automated On-Line Pulp Testing for Process Optimization and Control―L&W Pulp Tester – Case Studies―
Mitsuhiro Yamazaki
Pulp & Paper Group, Process Automation Division, ABB K.K.
Optimization and control of the pulp and paper making processes forcost-effective production requires more frequent monitoring of the relevant pulp
and stock preparation quality parameters. A new quality monitoring system for
pulping and stock preparation is developed. The online L&W Pulp Tester is acomplete wet laboratory with automatic sampling from different positions along theprocess chain. Repeatable tests are made automatically and frequently. True
variations are monitored in real time and are used to secure product quality, savetime, material and energy, and increase production. The online pulp tester consistsof automatic standard and established tests for CSF, SR, brightness, color, fiber
length, kink, coarseness etc. suitable for building up an automatic quality
monitoring and optimization system in the mill.
Australian Paper Maryvale Mill started automatic on-line freeness measurement ata pulp mill and a machine chest by L&W Pulp Tester, and closed loop controls ofrefiners. As a result, Maryvale mill accomplished reduction of electrical power andsteam consumption and of broke generation, and their accumulated savings on key
export grade was EUR 248,000/year. This calculation was based only on their export
grades which is 30 % of their total production amount. If calculation on the total
production is done, the saving becomes more.
In this paper, we introduce our L&W Pulp Tester showing from pulps themselves totheir properties to be measured, and then, share the case study at Australian Paper
Maryvale Mill.

Papermaking 4.0 new concept of VOITH Paper
Ryozo Shimizu
Control System Engineering Department, Voith IHI Paper Technology Co., Ltd.
Industrie 4.0 is a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government andis the title given to the next fourth Industrial Revolution. As part of Industrie 4.0
Voith Paper has already started to introduce and promote the Papermaking 4.0
concept globally. It based on the next generation of cyber-physical systems,
encompassing the full life-cycle knowledge and intelligence necessary for theautonomous decentralized control of manufacturing plants. This coupled with big
data analytics providing better insight and predictive capabilities allows for the
next leap in productivity and cost reduction. Papermaking 4.0 is the sum of threemain talents in a system of systems:
OnEfficiency SmartControls delivers sustainable performance. Papermaking 4.0
encompasses decentralized self-autonomous yet modular and integrated control
solutions, distributed along the entire paper & board production process, enablingproducers to easily drive their plant on the key parameters to continuously achievebusiness objectives.
OnCare SmartMaintenance delivers intelligent reliability. The smart self-diagnostic
capabilities and seamless connectivity of Papermaking 4.0 ready products facilitate
the highest attainable plant availability at the lowest overall cost of maintenancethrough a high degree of predictive foresight, automated service and material
management.
SmartService delivers immediate assistance. Around the clock capabilities andassistance deployed through remote, on-site and on-call arrangements, supporting
our customers with data analytics, diagnostics and real-time process optimization,
ensuring highest plant performance and availability.
The most important differentiating factors from tradition automation solutions arein the high degree of modularity, step by step approach and unison between bothproduction & maintenance faculties. The value delivered by our solutions
substantially exceeds the sum of value from the individual components, generated
through our USP, our know-how embedded into these solutions.

Fully Sprit Seal for Accurate Rotation―Application to the vertical rotating equipment―
Atsushi Ebisu
Engineering Dept. John Crane Japan, Inc.
Adoption of the mechanical seal has been progressing for sealing system ofrotating equipment in the pulp and paper industry. However, the applications of themechanical seal are limited to the black liquor or coating collar of pumps or screens.
For the most cases, end users are using gland packing for horizontal and verticalagitators with axial runout and vibration that are troublesome to the maintenancepersons.
In order to reduce energy conservation and maintenance costs and to provide
safety and stability for the daily operation, we have over the past two years
introduced the fully split mechanical seal that is based on our own design withrubber bellows for horizontal agitator with vibration problems.
Today, we would like to introduce our extensive experience of application for verticalpulper that is running under the severer conditions. For that, we propose an
optimal solution using our fully split mechanical seal for the equipment with axial
runout and vibration.

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan after World
War Ⅱ
Part4

Chips Import and Integrated Mills of the Japanese Model（1）Kiyoaki Iida
From the 1960s to the 1980s, the paper consumption in Japan increased byalmost 3 times in ten years and how to supply wood was one of the critical concerns.
At that time, pulp production overseas was interested and several projects weregoing on. Then, softwood chips were imported from the USA (1964), and the efficient
process of importing wood chips was established, which was followed by hardwood
chips import. Based on imported chips, the industry developed a unique mill designmodel. Chips from abroad were carried to their existing coastal mills where they
newly installed big kraft pulp plants and resulting pulp were integrally sheeted in
the mills. Most of big mills in Japan took this model.

Statistics in the 1990s are as follows. The number of chip carriers was 70-80. The
imported softwood chips, which came mostly from the USA, Australia and New
Zealand, shared 50% of the total softwood chips consumption, and they were used
for RGP and TMP for newsprint. Regarding hardwood, the amount of the import,
mostly from Australia, the USA, Chili, and South Africa, increased quickly in the
1980s and reached about 80% of the total consumption. They were used for finepaper and coated paper production.
The economy of the model will be discussed in the next issue.

PCFD technology for coating and paper making process
Masaru Yasuhara
MPM CAE Center Co.,Ltd.
Coating is a significant basic technology in the field of chemical engineering andin Japan, VOF(Volume Of Fluid) method has been frequently applied to the coating
industry to analyze free surface of the coating bead. This analysis method canreproduce various coating defects such as air entrainment, ribbing, rivulet, chatter,non-uniformity of layer thickness near the coating edge, and so on. Furthermore,
the operability window of coating, quantitative correlation between coating
conditions and state of coating defects, shows well similar phenomena to the actual
coating. Thus the coating analysis method can provide the investigation of the causeof coating defects and the estimation of coating defects under coating conditions
without experience, and recently is available to design the optimum coating
condition mainly in the electronic materials industry. Now this method is applied tothe monolayer coatingwith slot coating

system in general and we expect to be

applied to the multilayer simultaneous coating in the near future.
On the other hand, in the field of paper making industry, the fluid structureinteraction analysis method is applied to the analysis of blade coating and canreproduce the behavior of the coating layer formed under nip pressure with elastic
materials e.g. blade and rubber roll, while the penetration of coating material tobase paper does not be taken into account. However, on the analysis for printing
process, penetration model has already reproduced the behavior when liquid
penetrates to porous paper, and the next target is application of this model to theblade coating. In addition, we may expect the following themes: 1) the investigationof the behavior of solid fine particles in coating color with the application of fluid

discrete element method interaction analysis and 2) moreover, the investigation of
the behavior of fiber in paper making process with the analysis of fine fiber thatconsists of bonded particles aggregated softly.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

8

August 2017Vol. 71, No. 8

Papermaking Technology Ⅰ
1
5
12
18
23
29
35

Report of 22nd Papermaking Technical Seminar……Papermaking Technology Committee，JAPAN TAPPIPaper Physics and The Ways of Thinking as The Basis of Papermaking
Technology……Tatsuo Yamauchi
Technology Transition of Coater―Technology Transition of Blade Coater Applicator―……Katsumi Ishizuka

Rheological Behavior of Coating Color and Effects of Rheology Modifier……Kazutaka Kasuga，Koichi Tadaki and Kaori Sasaki

Basic Knowledge of Starch and Starch Products for Coated Paper……Tomohiro Miwa，Masataka Ashikawa，Ikushi Matsumoto and Yasuji Nukazuka

Evolution of Pigment Use in Coating Applications……Chris Nutbeem and Estuya Misawa
Recent Latex Technology Trends………Takeshi Watanabe

Topics & Information

43
48
56
64

How to Improve Tissue Making― Improvement and Achievement of Release Agent for Creping ―……Ryo Inamatsu
Visualization of Contract Work……Makoto Kubota

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry inJapan after World War Ⅱ

Part 4 Chips Import and Integrated Mills of the Japanese Model ⑵……Kiyoaki Iida
Corporate Profile & Product Information 

Daiichi Creative Co., Ltd.

Introduction of Research Laboratories
（118）

68

Fundamental Technology Department, Research Institute, National Printing
Bureau，Japan

Technical Report（Original Paper）

72

Pilot Plant Operations in Kita-Akita City for Producing  Bioethanol from
Lignocellulosic Biomass……Kengo Magara，Masanobu Nojiri and Hajime Shibuya

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan
（67）

95

Kasugai Mill，Oji Paper Co., Ltd……Oji Paper Co., Ltd

03
70
71
103

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Coffee break
Papyrus

109
113
114
125
126
128

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 August JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.8 Abstracts

Paper physics and the ways of thinking as the basis of papermaking technology
Tatsuo Yamauchi
Division of Forest & Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University
Paper physics is decisively related to its structure from macro to micro level, andthe structure is made by paper-making and converting technologies. Thus, paper
physics is the basic science which covers paper-making, printing, converting, and its
final use with logistics, recycling, and further the basis of some paper standards andtesting methods including JIS depends on paper physics. In this article the relation
between paper physics and the structure is illustrated with some examples andseveral important points on carrying paper physics study are explained.
Considering its excellent environmental and recycling properties, paper would also
be widely used from now on, and thus more studies of the physical properties
related to paper converting and the use are expected in future as well as extensionof a conventional study on paper physics.

Technology

transitionof

Coater―Technology Transition of Blade Coater applicator―
katsumi Ishizuka
Voith IHI Paper Technology Co.,Ltd. Coating and Finishing Engineering Department
Blade Coater consist backing roll, applicator and blade. Blade coater produce
level coated product. And blade was main player and applicator was not main player.
When Wide paper width and high speed operating production is required, level
coated product could not produce by blade only.

Blade metering, together withuniform application, achieve the requested coated product. Jet type applicator was
research and developed as uniform applicator in Japan. Jet applicator is blade
coater world standard now. Based on this jet type applicator technology, ideal
contour coating head for paper product named curtain coater, was developed inJapan. Curtain coater produce special product, for example, pressure sensitive
paper, thermo-sensitive paper and inkjet paper.
Curtain coater achieves easy operation and excellent coverage. These feature makegreen light to produce coated pigment paper and board now.

Rheological Behavior of Coating Color and Effects of Rheology Modifier
Kazutaka Kasuga,

Koichi Tadaki,

Kaori Sasaki

Technical Department, Somar Corporation.
Coating color suffers the high-shear rate by coating speed and the blade after applied to basepaper. In this time, coating color carries the elastic behavior by the high-speed coating.
Therefore, we pay attention to this phenomenon and investigated rheological behavior of
coating color by dynamic viscoelastic measurement.
As the result, we have found some correlation between the loss tangent that is a ratio of thestorage modulus to the loss modulus of coating color and especially bleeding trouble. Also wehave considered the mechanism of bleeding occurring by this.
We could change the rheological behavior of coating color by rheology modifier“SOMAREX” developed based on this viscoelastic data and get the knowledge to be able toimprove the runnability of paper coating.

Basic Knowledge of Starch and Starch Products for Coated Paper
Tomohiro Miwa,

Masataka Ashikawa,

Starches Sales Dept.

Ikushi Matsumoto,Yasuji Nukazuka

Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd.

Starch is produced by green plants for energy storage. Starches are isolated frombotanical sources. Corn and tapioca starch are familiar to Japanese market.
Starches show characteristic property by varying from plant to plant. In addition to
its property, Starches that modified physically and chemically are appropriate forwide range application; food to industrial fields. As to paper industry especially,
starch is utilized for wet-end, surface-sizing, coating and spraying. The utilizationof starch in regard to paper coating is role as adhesion. So, starch mainly adheres
between pigment and coating base. On the one hand it is necessary to gelatinizedstarch to exert enormous effect on paper, but at the same time the gelatinization

leads to expression of starch retrogradation. On the grounds of retrogradation, any
modified starches are not only placed on the market but also controlled on theirtemperature et.al in the process necessarily. Talking of modified starch for coatedpaper, highly modified Starches are usually used like starch urea phosphated andhydroxyethyl starch. In late years, as for coated paper manufacturing, high speed
coating and high concentrated coating color are required. So, it is difficult to handle
starch urea phosphated under foregoing conditions. Therefore, starch carbamate
have been released and used as coating binder to provide high fluidity to coatingcolor. At one point in time, the usage rate of starch trended toward a decrease inevaluation about coating performance. Because of the quality improvement ofstarch and a trend of cost reduction, existential value of starch is reappraised and ausage rate of starch increases recently.

Evolution of Pigment Use in Coating Applications
Chris Nutbeem
IMERYS Minerals Kaolin Activity.

Global Kaolin Application Manager

In this paper we review the properties and performance of the main pigments(carbonates and kaolins) used in coated paper and board applications. We then go
on to look at how pigment use and formulation practice has has changed in recent
years, how this is influenced by regional differences and what this means for therole of kaolin in paper. We finish by looking more closely at some of the recent
developments for kaolin which focus on how structured kaolin-based coatings canbring value in paper and board applications and how the functionality of kaolin canbe used in speciality applications such as barrier coatings.

Recent Latex Technology Trends
Takeshi Watanabe
Technical Department-1, JSR Co., Ltd.
In order to increase the printing strength of coated paper, it is preferable toincrease wettability between polymer particles and the adherend ,polymer cohesion
force ，and interfacial adhesion.

Generally, the polymer particle design for improving backing roll dirt andincreasing printing strength of coated paper is trade-off. With polymer particle
morphology controlled and particle surface modified by water-based polymer, wehave been able to improve backing roll dirt and increase printing strength of coatedpaper at the same time.
On the other hand, blister issue happened during off-set rotary printing process
could be solved by increasing the calcium carbonate dosage during high-speed
coating and double coating process. Therefore, the use of high gel type latex withstrong printing strength which was generally used in off-set rotary printing forcoated paper has become possible.

How to Improve Tissue Making－Improvement and Achievement of Release Agent for Creping －Ryo Inamatsu
Maintech Co., Ltd. Fuji OfficeChemicals Development Team

Improving production and sheet quality have been one of the top priorities fortissue manufacturers.

As press felt deposits due to recycled paper causes sheet

web moisture profile uneven, coating on Yankee dryer tends to be unstable, which
also leads to sheet spot and chattering mark on the dryer surface. Many kinds ofCreping control agents especially polymer based coating agents have been used tosolve the problems, however they have not succeeded in forming stable coating layer
under the recycled furnish condition.
Maintech has developed innovative release agents “MRA series“ which protect thecoating layer from the uneven moisture of the sheet web.
This report describes the concept and mechanism of MRA and its field testing cases
in which MRA have been able to improve productivity and sheet quality.

Visualizationofcontract

work

Makoto Kubota
Japan Business Innovation Consulting Co.,Ltd.
Presently, the contract work is indispensable in many manufacturing. However,in many manufacturing, proper management of contract work isn't done.
To improve this situation, it is important to do “visualization” of contract work andbuild the true form. The step which builds the true form is introduced here.
Necessary to the purpose, a way of an actual condition survey and a way of thinking
are also introduced.
The step which builds the true form is as follows.
(1) Finding problem by an actual condition survey(2) Planning of the important problem(3) Making of an improvement plan(4) Execution of an improvement plan
It's an actual condition survey to become important first among these. If you cangrasp the current state by conducting surveys on it, you can establish abstraction ofa problem, building of the true form and proper price of contract work.
That step is below.
1) Grasp of details of work2) Clarification of the work scope3) Investigation of working time4) Investigation of operational hardness or ease5) Building of the true form / Reduction of working time6) Calculation of proper price of contract work
When it's being advanced by this step, the indefinite contract work you're
managing is probably becoming clear.
As the step which builds the true form, this time is the introduction until planningto settle problem, making of an improvement plan and execution of an improvement
plan are omitted.
However, when a problem becomes clear, you will be easier to do making andexecution of an improvement plan.
Company where expenses of contract work are big and that evidence isambiguous, are better to do “visualization” of contract.

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan after World
War Ⅱ
Part4

Chips Import and Integrated Mills of the Japanese Model（2）Kiyoaki Iida
As discussed in the preceding issue, the paper industry of Japan developed aunique mill design model based on imported chips. Chips from abroad were carried
to their existing coastal mills where they newly installed big kraft pulp plants andresulting pulp were integrally sheeted in the mills. The model found following
advantages.
1. By installing big kraft plants, the mills increased their outputs, improved
their productivity and became competitive internationally.
2. Though the yield of kraft process is about 50%, the residual organic matter isa useful energy source, burned in the recovery plant to generate electricity andsteam necessary in mill operation. The energy produced at recovery plant was asmuch as that of heavy oil purchased by the whole paper industry (1993)
3. As logging cost in Japan was very expensive, it was understood that the costof shipping chips from abroad would be paying.
4. As chip import business became successful in the 1970s, the price of chips
overseas started to rise drastically. The deficit was offset with the sharp rise of yen
rate from 1970 to 1990.
5. As the volume of imported chips became larger than that of domestic chips,
the price of domestic chips were controlled, the domestic forest was maintained andthe wood supply to the industry was steadily secured.
6. Though the yen got stronger and imported products became oppressive to theindustry for several decades, it favored imported chip prices and worked as a hedge
in currency change.

Pilot plant operations in Kita-Akita city for producing

bioethanol from lignocellulosic

biomass
Kengo Magara, Masanobu Nojiri, and Hajime Shibuya
Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteSince June 2009, we have been operating a pilot plant to valuate a process for
producing bio-ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, wherein lignin is removed usingsoda-anthraquinone(soda-AQ)

cookingasapretreatment

for

enzymaticsaccharification. By the end of September 2012, we completed all pilot plant
operations and obtained the following results. Using a semi-batch cooking method,
Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) soda-AQ pulp was produced at an yield of 44%.

The

Sugi pulp was hydrolyzed using a commercial cellulase to obtain a sugar yield of
97%. The produced sugar solution was concentrated from 3.1% to 7.4% using areverse osmosis membrane and then fermented using a yeast to obtain an ethanol
yield of 96.5%. The volume of ethanol

produced was then calculated to be 216 L

from 1 BDT of Sugi chips.
Based on these operational data, we estimated the energy balance andmanufacturing costs at a chip consumption rate of 250 t/day. In the entire processfrom pretreatment to ethanol distillation, thesteam and electric energy

consumption was 824.6 eT/day and 118.7 MWh/day, respectively.

However, theenergy generated was calculated to be 1102.2 eT/day of steam and 189.8 MWh/dayof electricity from the discharged black liquor, which exceeds the energy consumed.
From these calculations of operating costs, we estimated the variable and total costs
associated with producing 1 L of ethanol to be 98 yen and 263 yen, respectively.
These estimations suggest that the cost of Sugi chips and depreciation expense
would be substantially reduced to use this process.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNALCONTENTS

9

September 2017Vol. 71, No. 9

Papermaking Technology Ⅱ
1 Approach the Issues on Coating Color Recycle and Effluent……Katsuhiko Hidaka
8 Technology and History of Coating and Air Dryer……Ichiro Honma
17 6 M/C Operating Experience of OptiSizer-Combi……Hirotaka Hirai
22 Operating Experience of No. 7 Paper Machine……Kazuki Takahashi
26 Technology and Development of High Performance Coating Blade		 ……Takuya Maekawa
30 Stabilization of Coating and Improvement of Roll Maintenance by Rubber Cover		 ……Shigetada Kadomatsu
35 Updating of Air Dryer Blow Nozzle at #32 Coating Machine……Takeshi Hirose
Topics & Information

39 Introduction of Headbox and our Experience of Rebuilding……Koji Seki
44 Why Asian Pulp Producers Are Investing in Ozone Bleaching		 ……Brendan van Wyk and Kenji Nakajima
48 The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in		 Japan after World War Ⅱ

Part 5 Recovered Paper for Newsprint and Printing Paper ⑴ DIP for Newsprint
		 ……Kiyoaki Iida
56 Corporate Profile & Product Information 

Sumitomo Heavy Industries Environment Co., Ltd.

Research Report（Original Paper）

63

Accelerated Ageing Test of Naturally Aged Paper―Degradation Behavior of Paper by Sealed Tube Method at 80℃―
		 ……Kang Lee and Masamitsu Inaba
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan
（68）

80

Yatsushiro Mill, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.……Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.

88 70th JAPAN TAPPI General Meeting
03
62
113

Committee report
Coffee break
Papyrus

121
125
127
137
138
140

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 September JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.9 Abstracts

Approach the Issues on Coating Color Recycle and Effluent
Katsuhiko Hidaka
Pulp & Paper Industries Department, Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
Disposal of coating color liquid in a paper mill causes in adverse effect on
operation cost and environment. To avoid that, recycle of excessive coating liquid is
important. The best way of the recycle is to preserve excessive coating liquid in atank by preventing the corruption with preservatives before use it. Required long
durability under the alkaline condition of coating liquid, we developed a newpreservative “Kurikiller® SI-930 series “ as a suitable coating liquid preservative.
Another method is to utilize discharged coating liquid to paper making process as
dilution water for coating broke. It brings the matters of white pitch and anion
trash problems that cause in lowering productivity and paper quality. To minimize
the influence, we utilize S. sensing® system by monitoring water quality and control
feeding coagulant to fix these matters on pulp stable. Final excessive coating liquidmust be treated as waste water. We propose pre-treatment system before generalwaster water treatment to cut down the load, and also utilize S. sensing® system tostabilize the waste water quality by control flocculants.

Technology and History of Coating and Air Dryer
Ichiro Honma
Paper Technology, Valmet K.K.
In this paper, three main topics are described as technology and history of coating
and air dryer. The first is the technical development of size press. Pond size, roll
metering, application head size press and spray sizer are described. The technicaldevelopment of some important coater heads are described secondly. Rollapplication, short dwell application, jet application blade coater and curtain coater
are explained. The third is an update of an air nozzle of air dryer. This greatlycontributes to improvement of drying capacity and energy saving. The screen andthe deaerator which are the important device of sizing and coating supply system
are introduced at the end.

６M/C

Operating Experience of OptiSizer-Combi

Hirotaka Hirai
Oji F-tex Ebetsu MillWe invested in OptiSizer-Combi with Turn Dry Compact to PM6 at Ebetsu MillOji F-Tex Co., Ltd. in April 2013 to have flexible coating operation range.
OptiSizer-Combi has a feature of swing machine for pond-sizing and rod metering
sizing, and two alternative types of applicator chamber, baffle plate or sealing blade
can be selected. The feature of Turn Dry Compact is such excellent performance of
non-contact drying system with Air turn that can keep better web runnability. In
this paper, we introduce the outline of OptiSizer-Combi and Turn Dry Compact, anddescribe solutions to problems which we have had during operation such as coating
variation due to coating color properties, coating color accumulation onto TDC,
coating color overflow over the rod due to excessive applicator chamber pressure.

Operating Experience of No.7 Paper Machine
Kazuki Takahashi
No.6 Production Department Niigata Mill,Hokuetsu kishu Paper Co.,Ltd.
The Niigata Factory PM7 started operation in 1990, and in the Niigata plant it
was introduced as the second on-coater machine. Production variety A2 grade, A3
grade are produced, various kinds of colors are used, and the coating amountadjustment by the coater is widely. various types of adjustment are also carried out
in the blade type and setting. In this report, we introduce the outline.

Technology and Development of High Performance Coating blade
Takuya Maekawa
Spectris Japan Co., Ltd.
It has been almost 30 years since BTG innovated and developed the firstHigh-performance coating blade in the world. High-performance coating blade can
improve paper quality, decrease web breaks, blade changes and eliminate
running-in time
BTG Duroblade overcome the performance degradations caused by rapid
wear-and-tear on steel components, delivering clear performance improvements andbetter quality coated paper and board products. Our blade tips are treated with thematerials of ceramics, ceramic-metal compounds to enhance coated paper surface,smoothness, gloss and fiber coverage. This is turn leads to significant, sustainablegains in business performance.
In this paper, I describe a history of HP-blade development in BTG. Also explain
how coating blades make influence on coated paper surface quality at a technicalstand point.

Stabilization of Coating and Improvement of Roll maintenance by Rubber cover
Shigetada Kadomatsu
MEIJI RUBBER & CHEMICAL CO.,LTD.
We, Meiji Rubber & Chemical Co.,Ltd. established in 1900, have been supplying
rubber covering materials for Pulp & Paper industry for 115 years.

We are dealinga variety of materials and developing the optimum cover rubbers for each section of
paper machines based on the years of experience.
In recent years, due to the diversification of coating & sizing liquid and highspeed machine operation, the requirement of quality stabilization for Applicatorrolls cover is becoming harder.
Our material “ Super Polyforte “ is a polyurethane material con
taining the special polymer, have been adopted in many Applicator rolls andSmoothing press rolls, etc. since starting sales in 1999.
Now we would like to introduce references of “Super Polyforte“, particularly
focusing on Applicator rolls in the several paper mills which have achievedstabilization of coating and longer replacement cycle of rolls. In this report, we
introduce about the superiority as the roll cover material and customer result.

Updating of air dryer blow nozzle at #32 Coating machine
Takeshi Hirose
Hokkaido Mill – Shiraoi, Nippoon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
Shiraoi #32 Coating machine has four head off machine blade coaters mainly
producing approximately 600 ton/day of A2 coated paper. Each coating head has
dryers such as gas IR dryer, air dryer and cylinder dryer.
Air dryer blow nozzle was updated to improve drying efficiency in May 2015. Thisnew type of nozzle had higher drying efficiency that made it possible to shut downgas IR dryer. In this paper, feature of this new nozzle, installing process andrun-ability were reported.

Introduction of Headbox and our Experience of Rebuilding
Koji Seki
Paper Machinery Sales Dept., Kobayashi Engineering Works, Ltd.
Since

the

establishment

in

1947,

Kobayashi

Engineering

Works

has

manufactured several units of Board Machines starting from Head Boxes. In 1980,
we have signed a technical cooperation with Ahlstrom in Finland and learned theirtechnology for Air Cushion and Hydraulic Type Head Boxes to enhance ourknowledge and ability to compete in the markets. Recently, more and more paper
producers are challenging on thinning of board papers with faster production speed
than ever. In order for us to meet these expanding requests from customers, wehave signed another technical cooperation with Paperchine, USA recently andreleased PCR Stable Flow Head Box.
Starting from Japan, we have several clients worldwide in various regions ofNorth America, South America, and in Asia. Since 1980`s we have delivered about
300 units of Head Boxes and that number included 100 units of Hydraulic Types.
These Head Boxed are manufactured aiming on producing various sheet grades
such as Liner Board, Corrugating Medium, White Paperboard and Special Papers.

On this article I would like to focus on these variety of Head Boxes. I would liketo explain about the variations we could offer and talk about the rebuilds we haveconducted recently.

Why Asian Pulp Producers Are Investing in Ozone Bleaching
Brendan van Wyk
Xylem Water Solutions South Africa(Pty)Ltd.
There are now more than 23 pulp mills globally that are producing almost 10
million tons per year of ozone bleached pulp. The pulp is made up of both hardwood
and softwood, and final products range from fluffed pulp to dissolving pulp, toprinting and writing grades. New mega-mills under construction have now chosenozone as a bleach chemical, while mills that have been using ozone for a few years
are installing extra ozone capacity so that they can convert their total production to
Z-ECF or TCF bleaching.
Ozone use in conjunction with chlorine dioxide, the so called ECF light or Z-ECF
sequences have proven to be the most economical while still improving pulp quality
and reducing the impact of the bleach plant on the environment. The high bleachingefficiency of ozone allows a drastic reduction in the consumption of expensive
bleaching chemicals - chlorine dioxide in ECF bleaching and hydrogen peroxide in
TCF bleaching, and sodium hydroxide in both cases. The implementation of ozone
bleaching also results in the reduction of steam requirements during the bleachingprocess.

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan after World
War Ⅱ
Part5

Recovered Paper for Newsprint and Printing paper（1）DIP for Newsprint

Kiyoaki Iida
As Historically, 30-40 % of paper and paperboard produced in Japan was recycled
mainly for paperboard production. Around 1970, pollution in environment becametroublesome and the environmental conservation was socially concerned. Then,following the increase of oil price by OPEC, the price of imported wood chips hiked,
and alternative resources for paper making were looked for. Just in time, floatation
deinking of recovered newsprint was developed in Europe and paper manufacturers
in Japan blended the DIP into their newsprint furnish, replacing CGP.

Around thesame time, RGP and then TMP started to be produced from imported softwood chips,
replacing GP. As a result, newsprint experienced quite a big change in its pulp
furnish.
News printers were also revolutionizing their technology including printing
system those days

and demanded improving paper quality one after another. In

order to satisfy their requests, paper companies upgraded their equipment, refined
their knowhow and at the same time improved productivity to cope with imported
newsprint. The conversion of newsprint furnish mentioned was accomplishedinterrelatedly in the technologically and socially changing situation.
In 1980, the recovery rate in Japan was 46.2 %, and the recycling rate for paper
and paper board production was 41.5%.
The recycling rate stagnated for a while, and then increased in around 2000. It
will be reviewed in the next issue.

Accelerate Ageing Test of Naturally Aged Paper－Degradation Behavior of Paper by Sealed Tube Method at 80℃－
Kang Leeand Masamitsu Inaba

Graduate School of Fine Arts, Tokyo University of the Arts
Research was conducted to clarify the relationship between natural ageing andaccelerated ageing of paper using paper naturally aged for 80 to 130 years.
Following a previous report on a test regarding the degradation behavior of paper
samples using suspension method (80 ℃ , 65%rh), same paper samples wereartificially aged by sealed tube method (80℃) to clarify the physical and chemical
ageing behavior of paper.
As a result of the present experiment, it was found that it is desirable to use
degradation rate indicators (dividing degradation rate by current physical value
prior to accelerated ageing) in sealed tube method as well for the ageing index of thephysical strength of JCS samples instead of the degradation rate. Based on thisresult, it was further found that the degradation of the physical strength anddiscolouration of paper in sealed tube method was more severe than those insuspension method but that changes among paper samples indicated similartendency in both methods. Moreover, as in suspension method, the more organic
acids had accumulated in the paper, the larger the degradation rate indicators oftear and burst indices and discolouration rate were in sealed tube method. Thesedegradation rate indicators were correlated to the number of cellulose chain breaks.
From these results, it may be said that broken cellulose chains have much to dowith the decrease in the physical strength of paper and that cellulose chain breaks
are caused independent of the kind of acid, oxidation contributing as much to thebreak as hydrolysis.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 10

CONTENTS

October 2017Vol. 71, No. 10

Pulp
1
3
10
17
24
40
46
49
55
60
64
71

Report of the 23rd Pulping Seminar……Pulp Technical Committee, JAPAN TAPPI
Formation and Ultrastructure of Cell Wall in Wood……Keiji Takabe
Paper：The History of 2000 Years from Its Birth―From Ts’ai Lun’s Invention to the Birth of Modern Pulp and Paper Industry―……Kiyoaki Iida
Chemistry of Delignification in Pulping and Bleaching……Tomoya Yokoyama
Fundamental of the KP Chemical Recovery Process……Makoto Iwasaki
The Introduction about a Chemical Recovery Boiler……Yoshihisa Yamamoto
Improving the Efficiency of the Causticizing Process………Kiyoshi Yazawa
Fundamental Knowledge of Bleaching Chemicals……Hiroshi Kurata
Stabilization of KP O3 generator……Takashi Masuda
History of Mechanical Pulping and Recent Trend in China……Masaharu Menjo
Role of Deinking Agent and its Challenge……Hiromichi Takahashi
The Latest Technology of DIP System……Takanori Goto

Topics & Information

77

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japanafter World War Ⅱ

Part 5 Recovered Paper for Newsprint and Printing Paper ⑵ The Second		 Breakthrough for Further DIP Consumption……Kiyoaki Iida
Introduction of Research Laboratories
（119）

86

Fibrous Biomaterials Laboratory（Kimura Lab.）, Division of Forest andBiomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University

Research Report（Original Paper）

90

Accelerated Ageing Test of Naturally Aged Paper Part Ⅳ―Effect of Humidity, Amount of Oxygen and of Organic Acids on the Degradation of Paper
		 in Sealed Tube Method―……Kang Lee and Masamitsu Inaba
Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan
（69）

111

Yonago Mill, Oji Paper Co. Ltd……Oji Paper Co. Ltd

03
88
89
120

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Coffee break
Papyrus

123
128
130
142
143
145

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 October JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.10 Abstracts

Formation and Ultrastructure of Cell Wall in Wood
Keiji Takabe
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
Cellulose is synthesized by rosette composed of 36 cellulose synthases. Thirty-six
celluloses are gathered together to form cellulose microfibril of 3nm width. Three tofour cellulose microfibrils are subsequently gathered together to form cellulose
microfibril bundle. Hemicelluloses are synthesized by the Golgi apparatus andtransported to the inner surface of developing cell wall by exocytosis of the Golgi
vesicles. The inner surface is covered with sol-like structure composed of newly
deposited hemicelluloses and water. Newly synthesized cellulose molecules are
released into the sol-like structure. Monolignols are synthesized in the cell,transported toward the cell wall, and polymerized within the cell wall. Lignin
accumulation starts at cell corner middle lamella, proceeds toward compound
middle lamella. Lignification of secondary wall starts at the outer portion andproceed toward the lumen lagging behind cell wall thickening.

Paper: The history of 2000 years from its Birth－From Ts’ai Lun’s Invention to the Birth of Modern Pulp and Paper Industry－
Kiyoaki Iida
Paper and its making process were invented in China and were introduced
eastward to Japan. Westward, they moved to Samarkand, then to Damascus, andthrough North Africa to Europe. One other route was through Greece to Europe. In
Europe, the old technology was revolutionized, and the modern technology prevailed
in the world.
Before the industrial Revolution, wood could not be pulped, and only bast plant like
hemp, flax and mulberry, and bamboo in its infant age were converted to paper after
a lot of hard labor of so many days. In the course of time, every district searchedplant domestically available and modified its product (paper) for satisfying
customer needs, good for writing either with pen, mouhitu (brush) or printing.
The paper served the development of civilization as a medium for expressing
human wisdom and intelligence.

Chemistry of Delignification in Pulping and Bleaching
Tomoya Yokoyama
Laboratory of Wood Chemistry, Department of Biomaterial Sciences,
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
Most of the principal delignification reactions in pulping and bleaching aredescribed in various books related to the field of wood chemistry and published by
Japan TAPPI. These reactions are primarily reviewed in this report with being
followed by introduction of the recent results on alkaline pulping obtained in ourlaboratory. An outline of main reactions in oxygen delignification is also introduced.

Fundamental of the KP Chemical Recovery Process
Makoto Iwasaki
MIP Consultant Office
KP pulping is the most popular pulping method not only in Japan but also in theworld. The progress of KP chemical recovery system included with evaporation of
black liquor, chemical recovery boiler, causticizing and calcining has played a largepart in the development of KP pulping. The KP chemical recovery system has basic
functions such as ①Recovery and reuse of the inorganic pulping chemicals,②Burning of the organic material and recovery of its energy, ③Extract of valuableorganic by-product chemicals④ Performance of these functions in an environmental friendly manner. In thisreportKP Chemical

Recovery

Process

included

with

black

liquorproperties,

concentration of black liquor, black liquor combustion, green liquor process,causticizing process,lime kiln operation, NPE problems and the new causticizing

process are briefly described.

The Introduction about a Chemical Recovery Boiler
Yoshihisa Yamamo
Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, LTD. Boiler Engineering Department
In paper and pulp mills, a chemical recovery boiler plays two important roles,
chemical reactor and energy source. The chemical recovery boiler burns organic
matters and recover mineral chemicals in black liquor.
This paper describes features of the chemical recovery boiler. First topic is achemical recovery process in the recovery boiler. After that, the latest technologies
for the recovery boiler are described, such as combustion systems, discriminative
structures, anticorrosive technologies, pollution control methods, efficiency
upgrading methods, and maintenance methods.

Improving the Efficiency of the Causticizing Process
Kiyoshi Yazawa
Shimada Mill, Shin Tokai Paper Co.,Ltd.
The Shimada mill has been operating two fiber lines of NUKP.
However, for reasons such as increasing the cost competitiveness, we came to stop
1 line in 2016.
The efficiency of the causticizing process turned worse while pulp amount of
production decreased. Therefore we worked on reduction of the grits discharge andthe heavy oil consumption because the efficiency deterioration was particularly
remarkable in these points.
About the grits discharge reduction, we paid our attention to the Slaker ability
becoming the overspecifications.
On the other hand, about the heavy oil consumption reduction, the Draft fan
ability paid its attention excessively.
We think that it is a valuable case that we could modify current facilities toefficient facilities with small investment.

Fundamental Knowledge of Bleaching Chemicals
Hiroshi Kurata
Basic Chemicals Department,
Inorganic Chemicals Division, Specialty Chemicals Company,
MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL COMPANY,INC
Among bleaching chemicals used for paper pulp breaching process, we will
explain functions and precautions for using hydrogen peroxide and sodiumhydrosulfite. Breaching chemicals are roughly divided into oxidizing breaching
agents and reducing breaching agents. Oxidizing breaching agents are widely usedin chemical pulp and mechanical pulp while reducing breaching agents are mainly
used in recycled pulp and mechanical pulp. In chemical pulp field, the usage ofhydrogen peroxide as breaching chemical has expanded due to environmental issues
which enforce conversion to ECF (Elementary chlorine free) breaching.
In this study, outline of common breaching chemicals will be explained initially,followed by detailed explanation of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrosulfite.
Characteristics of agents, precautions and remarks in breaching process will be
explained in details for each hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrosulfite. Hydrogen
peroxide which is oxidizing breaching agent is used for breaching chemical,
mechanical and recycled pulp. Sodium hydrosulfite which is reducing breaching
agent is used for breaching mechanical and recycled pulp. In addition, thecharacteristics, manufacturing method, strong points as well as usage examples forperoxymonosulfric acid will be introduced. Peroxymonosulfric acid has been popularin the market as new breaching agent by resolution method for the discoloration
problem ,cost performance and increase production.

Stabilization of KP O3 generator
Takashi Masuda
Hokkaido mill - Yufutsu, Nippon Paper Industries co., Ltd
The bleaching sequence was changed from C-E-H-D to ECF ( elementry cholinefree) due to environmental problems such as dioxin, chloroform drained from KP
bleaching process. D-Ep-D was mainstream, but ZD-Ep-D was installed in our mill.
The ozone bleaching plants is installed at the first among Nippon Paper Industries.

We had various problems in a few years from January 2001, and now it is stable andbecomes important on pulp quality, cost and environment side.
However, the ozone generator performance could not be kept appropriately for the
first time installation at KP bleaching plant, and gas production rate was down toapproximately 60% after 13 years from setting. In this presentation, I will reportabout the construction of the ozone plant which recover the gas production rate in
September 2016 and importance of the periodical maintenance.

History of Mechanical Pulping and Recent Trend in China
Masaharu Menjo
Valmet K. K., Sales department
In this paper, there are two topics regarding mechanical pulping. As the first partof this paper, the history of mechanical pulping will be briefly described from theview point of equipment. The birth of stone grinders for GP (Groundwood Pulp) as
well as recent disc refiners for TMP (Thermomechanical Pulp) will be explained. In
1844, the first grinder for GP was founded in Germany and USA. About 130 years
later, the PGW (Pressure Groundwood pulp) as an improvement of GP’s stone
grinder was developed in 1977. The current type of disc refiners originated from a
vertical reject refiner which were used in GP process in 19th century. There were 3
important developments in the history of disc refiners.; the invention of pressurizeddisc refiner by Dr. Arne Asplund in 1931, the change from low consistency to highconsistency

asrefining

consistencyin1960’s

and

the

birth

of

TMP

(Thermomechanical pulp) as an improvement from RMP (Refiner Mechanical Pulp)
in 1970’s. The era of mechanical pulping finally reached at a booming of BCTMP(Bleached Chemi thermomechanical Pulp) in China in 2003. As the second part ofthis paper, the recent trend in China regarding BCTMP will be introduced. By
showing a flow sheet of newly installed BCTMP plant, the comparison between
nowadays and future on paper grades, sources of raw material, waste water
treatment and energy consumption will be described. By knowing the history ofmechanical pulping as well as current BCTMP plant, the future prospect of
mechanical pulping will be also given as a conclusion.

Role of Deinking Agent and its Challenge
Hiromichi Takahashi
R&D – Performance Chemicals Research, Kao Corporation.
Wastepapers are recycled as raw materials to produce the paperboard such as acorrugated board and the paper such a newsprint. In the former case, pulps after
disintegration are mainly used for the contents such as the corrugated board. In thelatter case, pulps after disintegration are deinked and used to produce the paper.
The total wastepaper availability of 2015 reached to 64% and achieved the aim of
the industry. When each wastepaper availability (wastepaper consumption /amount of production) of paperboard and paper was calculated, the availability ofthe paperboard was around 99% and that of the paper was around 40%. This meansthat there are some kinds of printed matters which are hard to be deinked. The
representative examples are printed matters printed by UV ink and inkjet ink.
In this seminar, the basic deinking process, the role of the deinking agent and thegood condition for deinking are reviewed. Then, the present conditions and thefuture problems of printed matters printed by UV ink and inkjet ink are provided.
UV inks were hard to be detached from the pulp and detached inks were too large tobe rejected out in the flotation process. Recently, recyclable UV inks were developedby the effort of the ink company and the related association. Although wastepapers
printed by the old UV ink are still left in the wastepaper market, the problem will
disappear in near future.
In commercial printings, the transition to on-demand printings is in progress.
Especially, the inkjet printing has attracted attention in terms of its printing speed.
Therefore, it is thought that the wastepapers printed by inkjet ink should be usedas raw materials in pulp manufacturing in near future.
Water-based pigment inkjet inks can be detached easily from the pulp. But,
detached inks are too small to be rejected out in the flotation cells. For increasing
the efficiency of the flotation, it was found that the weakened shear in the
ink-detaching process and the combined use of the aggregating agents such as fatty
acids in the flotation process were effective. However, by this method, it isconsidered that ink-detaching will be not enough in the deinking of old newspapers
or electrophotography prints.
It is necessary to establish the deinking method of mixed wastes of inkjet prints,
electrophotography prints, and old newspapers by adopting the suitable deinking
systems and/or improving the inkjet inks.

The latest technology of DIP system
Takanori Goto
Paper Machinery Eng. Dept., Voith IHI Paper Technology Co., Ltd.
For the past decades, the situation surrounding paper industry has beenchanging dramatically. To enhance the production efficiency is one of the mostimportant concerns. A DIP production process has an affect on the cost of raw
material, energy, and chemical etc. In this paper, we will introduce the latest DIP
technologies related to DIP system.

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan after World
War Ⅱ
Part5

Recovered Paper for Newsprint and Printing paper（2）The second breakthrough for further DIP consumption

Kiyoaki Iida
From around 2000, the concept of recycle-based society was established and 3R(Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) was promoted as a national guide line. LCA evaluation
was introduced after the COP Kyoto protocol, and Forest Certification Systeminternationally prevailed. Those efforts induced an incentive for using more amountof recovered paper. The technology of producing DIP good for printing paper wasdeveloped by adopting high consistency dispersion and high brightness bleaching.
Then, newsprint contained DIP up to 80% of its total furnish. In the printing andcommunication sector, the DIP use ratio was probably about 20% as a whole. In
2010, recovered paper’s utilization rate reached 63%. These goals wereaccomplished by technological development not only in deinking but also inmodernizing equipment in general, coping with severe demand for product quality
and volatile nature of recovered paper quality.
The conversion in pulp sources of this scale affected wood chip supply. Imported
softwood chips for mechanical pulp declined. Hardwood chips for LBKP., imported
as well as domestic, was also less consumed.
The next issue will be on the use of recovered paper in the world.

Accelerate Ageing Test of Naturally Aged Paper－Effect of Humidity, Amount of Oxygen and of Organic Acids on the Degradation ofPaper in Sealed Tube Method－
Kang Leeand Masamitsu Inaba

Graduate School of Fine Arts, Tokyo University of the Arts
Research was conducted to clarify the relationship between natural ageing andaccelerated ageing of paper using paper naturally aged for 80 to 130 years.
Following a previous report on the degradation behavior of naturally aged paper by
sealed tube method (80℃), samples were artificially aged by sealed tube method in
conditions of different humidity or amount of oxygen to clarify their physical andchemical ageing behavior.
In the closed condition of a sealed tube, hydrogen ion concentration, which causes
hydrolysis, was higher than in suspension method. This is because organic acids do
not escape from the system in sealed tube method. On the other hand, oxidation ofcellulose was higher in suspension method than in sealed tube method. This isbecause available oxygen for reaction is limited inside a tube. Regarding the
behavior of organic acids in sealed tube method, it was found that the composition
ratio of oxalic acid and glycolic acid, major and second major organic acids in paper,
before and after accelerated ageing remained similar in spite of the changes inhumidity or amount of oxygen. Thus it was confirmed that sealed tube method
simulates the natural ageing of paper better than suspension method.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 11

CONTENTS

November 2017Vol. 71, No. 11

Pulp and Paper Research Conference/Communication Papers
1
13
17

A Report of the 2017（84th）Pulp and Paper Research Conference……Wood Science Committee，JAPAN TAPPIIonic Liquid Treatment for Increasing The Wet Strength of Paper and Its
Application for Aquatic Condition……Hideaki Ichiura，Yuka Hirose，Misaki Masumoto，Yoshito Ohtani and Kenji Taniguchi

Estimation of Forest Biomass Volume by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）……Kenichiro Suyama，Kazuya Nantou，Akiyoshi Kawaoka，Kazunori Hayashi，Akira Kato		 and Hiroyuki Obanawa

21

The Reality and the Future of Digital Print

36

Development of Digital Printing Paper

		 ―How to Make a Personalized Brochure：the Key Point of Digital Solution from the Case		 Study―……Atsuki Kimura
Review Article（Original Paper）
29 The New Technology & the Transition of Thermal Paper……Chieko Oshisaka―Technical Development of Inkjet Paper―……Kazuo Totani and Susumu Nanmo

Topics & Information

41
47
51
56
61

For Sound or Noise in Industrial World Part Ⅷ―It Thinks about The Noise as Part of T. F. O from SKF―……Yasuhiko Yamasaki
Equipment Diagnosis in Rotary Lime Kiln……Yoshihito Mochizuki

New automated Method for Macro-Contaminant Analysis：Industrial Experiences……Ossard S and Masashi Hasegawa

Optimization of Fiberline Operation by Multi-Variable Model Predictive Control……Kunihiko Seto

Technology of Pulp Analyzer system with Fiber Wall Thickness Measurements

		 ……Katsuhiko Yokoyama

67
71

Color Defect Classification by New Inspection System……Shuichi Shoda and Atsushi Kurosaki

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japanafter World War Ⅱ

Part 5 Recovered Paper for Newsprint and Printing Paper
		 ⑶ The Progress of Using Recovered Paper in The World……Kiyoaki Iida
Research Report（Original Paper）

80

Accelerated Ageing Test of Naturally Aged Paper（Part Ⅴ）

03
95

Committee report
Papyrus

101
105
114
115
117

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association―Comparison of Predicted Degradation Rate Indicators at Room Temperature by Suspension
		 Method and Sealed Tube Method―……Kang Lee and Masamitsu Inaba

2017 November JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.11 Abstracts

Ionic liquid treatment for increasing the wet strength of paper and its application foraquatic condition
K Hideaki Ichiura, Yuka Hirose, Misaki Masumoto and Yoshito Ohtani
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University
Kenji Taniguchi
Kawano Paper Corporation
In this study, ionic liquid treatment for increasing the wet strength of cellulose
paper was studied. The effects of treatment conditions with the ionic liquid
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) on the wet strength were
investigated. First, the [BMIM]Cl (20 g) was melted at 80–100 °C and the paper was
immersed in it for 5–30 s. Next, the paper was immersed in ethanol, and finally, it
was washed with distilled water. The paper was dried in a hot press at 110 °C and
1.1 MPa for 5 min. The [BMIM]Cl treatment improved the wet strength of the paper.
Disintegration of the papers was investigated by immersing them in distilled water,
and the paper treated with [BMIM]Cl did not disintegrate. The minimum treatment
time required for improvement of the wet strength of the paper was only 5 s. Excess[BMIM]Cl from the original treatment was recovered by vacuum distillation anddehydration was used to treat new paper. This recovered [BMIM]Cl enhanced thewet strength to a level similar to that obtained with the virgin [BMIM]Cl. Therefore,
the [BMIM]Cl can be efficiently re-used in this method. The paper treated with
[BMIM]Cl will be composed completely of cellulose. Therefore, this method is a
viable alternative to treatment by adding chemical such as a polyamideamin
epichlorohydrin (PAE).

Estimation of forest biomass volume by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Kenichiro Suyama , Kazuya Nantou and Akiyoshi Kawaoka
Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
Kazunori Hayashi
Amapa Florestal e Celulose S. A.,
Akira Kato
Chiba Univ.,
Hiroyuki Obanawa
VisionTech Inc.
In this study, we have developed high efficient estimation method of forest
biomass volume using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Three-dimensional dataof forest canopy was generated by Structure from Motion from sequence aerial
photographs taken by UAV and the biomass volume was calculated from the spatial
volume between canopy and terrain on 15 plots (0.04 ha/plot) in northern Brazil
plantation. We could investigate larger forest area by UAV than current method.
The coefficient of correlation between spatial volume and actual biomass volume
was high (R=0.88).

The Reality and the Future of Digital Print－ How to Make a Personalized Brochure: the Key Point of Digital Solution from theCase Study －Atsuki KimuraInternational Sales Department, Paper Division, Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited
This report illustrates the recent trend and the future of digital print as well as adigital print solution.

As for the recent trend, most OEMs launch new high-speed

machines with high resolution.

Furthermore, they propose new solutions trying toprint on offset coated paper using aqueous pigment inks.

The solutions areclassified into three ways; 1) primer treatment, 2) direct print without any primer
and bonding agent, and 3) intermediate transfer system.

On the other hand, as forthe printing market, “the value of paper” is now being re-evaluated.
paper media is a device sensuous to the human five senses.

Because theMany marketers

realized that particularly, catalogues, brochures, and direct-mails are very stronger

tools to impress customers than the web marketing alone.

We show these casestudies from the global media, and the making of the personalized brochure basedon a real content.

The New Technology & the Transition of Thermal Paper
Chieko Oshisaka
Development

Department，Oji Imaging

Media Co., Ltd.

The thermal paper, which is imaged and printed by heat, has been launched for over
40 years. The application at the dawning of the thermal paper was for facsimiles, andthen the receipt of stores was developed. The applications of the thermal paper havebeen extended to various areas, such as transportation and logistics labels, food packing
and weighing labels, tickets and the imaging media for medical.
The quality at the dawning of the thermal paper was not so good. The dynamic
sensitivity was low and the printed image faded out little by little. The dynamic
sensitivity was improved with various technologies. As one of the examples, anundercoat layer was applied between base paper and thermal layer to improve
insulation. The image fading also was improved with thermal formulas, which applied
new developers and various kinds of chemicals as additives.
This article describes the development and the changing applications of the thermal
paper, and introduces the latest technology of the thermal paper.

Development of Digital Printing Paper－Technical Development of Inkjet paper－
Kazuo Totani and Susumu Nanmo
Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation
In the publishing and advertising industry, digital printing has expanded themarket as a promotion tool that meets customers’ needs. Digital printing, whichmakes it possible to print such variable information as customers’ addresses andnames, local advertisement, and guidance of goods based on customers’ preference,
has steadily become popular in the market with the spread of the device. Credit
card bill, cell phone invoice and direct mail etc. are very familiar to us, and we canimagine that digital printing related would increase in the daily life.
Inkjet printing which doesn’t require plate making and is advantage of a smallamount of printing, has begun to penetrate even in the printing industry. The
authors have developed the inkjet paper by the selection of optimum ink fixative,
the setting of optimum range of ink fixative volume and size press coat weight inorder to add the quality of each grade required for the inkjet paper. This paper
introduces the technical development of inkjet paper which the authors havestudied so far.

For sound or noise in industrial world

Part VIII－It thinks about the noise as part of T.F.O from SKF－
Yasuhiko Yamasaki
RSS RS SKF Japan.
“For sound or noise in industrial world” is the five in this time.

This explanation

is a noise by the contamination. The contamination accounts for 14% of the whole ofthe problem that the damage at the early stage of the bearing doesn't reach thecalculation longevity. The contamination exists from small one to the big one, andfrom rigid to soft. And, there is the solid and liquid. I present the example of the soft
solid one by this contamination, deprave the longevity of the bearing by it, and tell
how the noise is generated.

Equipment diagnosis in Rotary lime kiln
Yoshihito Mochizuki
Production technology Div., Oji Paper Co., Ltd.
Lime kiln is important in the causticizing process, but it is hard to noticeabnormal for large facilities. Therefore, we made equipment diagnosis in order tounderstand the current state of the kiln. The main diagnosis item is the kiln coreaccuracy, shell ovality, and wear of tires and rollers. A result of the diagnosis, it was
found that kiln core runout and shell ovality and roller wear is large.
We have promoted the repair using the submitted recommended maintenanceitems from the facility diagnostic manufacturers.

New automated method for macro-contaminant analysis: Industrial experiences
Ossard S
Centre Technique du Papier, Saint-Martin-D’Hères, France
Masashi Hasegawa
BTG Division Spectris, co., Ltd
In recycled paper processes, stickies are at the origin of many production
disturbances. In this paper, we present how the recently developed method for
macro-contaminant analysis was used with industrial samples for process analysis.
The new automated stickies measurement method allows to (i) determine the 3
dimensional morphology of screened particles (without any deformation) and (ii)classify the particles as stickies among contaminants. This is achieved by a
combination of laser triangulation and local near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.
Measurement of macro-contaminants in pulp samples and their classification
allows concluding on their specific removal. Chemical nature and amount of themacro-contaminants coming from different raw materials was studied and wasshown to be very different in two different mills. In an Asian mill, a low PSA
removal in the process (46%) was found in comparison with high other stickies
removal (99%).

Optimization of fiberline operation by multi-variable model predictive control
Kunihiko Seto
Advanced Solutions., Honeywell Japan Inc.
Multi-variable model predictive controller (MPC) is widely used at processindustry for more than 20 years. MPC makes significant quantities of benefit bystabilizing and optimizing process operation. MPC is also widely applied to fiberline
units in North America and Europe. However, only few application experiences areexist in Japanese pulp and paper industry at this moment. This paper introduces
Honeywell’s proven state of art MPC, Profit Controller and its application results tocontinuous digester. Profit Controller already has many experiences at otherprocess industries in Japan. Some implementation and maintenance tips obtained
from these previous experiences will help MPC application and utilization atfiberline units. MPC will make large benefits at fiberline units and enhanceinternational competitiveness of Japanese pulp and paper industry.

Technology of Pulp Analyzer system with Fiber Wall Thickness measurements
Katsuhiko Yokoyama
MATSUBO Corporation
Fiber wall thickness is an important parameter as it influences the strength
properties of the pulp, but so far it has not been possible to measure it online. Therecan be a number of reasons to measure fiber wall thickness online. It is an efficientmethod for raw material control to make sure that the mix of e.g. saw mill chips,
roundwood from thinnings, different species etc. is done so that a consistent pulp
quality is maintained. The FWT module can control the efficiency of a fiber
fractioning process. By measuring fiber wall thickness it is possible to calculate
strength data and suggest level of refining to pulp customers, helping them achieve
the requested paper and board strength properties.

Color Defect Classification by New Inspection System
Shuichi Shoda and Atsushi Kurosaki
AMETEK Co., Ltd. Surface Vision
AMETEK SurfaceVision developed new inspection system “SmartView 7.2C” withcolor line camera. The system allows users to set color defect classes by additional
more than 20 color defect features. Learning classification tool “SmartLearn” isuseful for classification especially for color defects. Users can focus on making
Defect Library of color defects without struggling with color defect parameters.

The History of Technological Developments of the Paper Industry in Japan after World
War Ⅱ
Part5

Recovered Paper for Newsprint and Printing paper（3）The progress of using recovered paper in the world

Kiyoaki IidaWorldwide, the use of recovered paper accelerated around 1990. The yearly
increment of paper and paperboard production was supplemented with recovered
paper, leaving wood pulp production stagnated. By region, Europe as a whole andespecially Germany among them promoted the use of recovered paper like Japan. In
the USA, on the other hand, its utilization rate was limited, 21% for newsprint and
27% for paper board. It exported 40% of the recovered mostly to China (2015). China
is increasing its output, using imported recovered paper since 2000, and now thelargest producer in the world.
According to the statistics by FAO, the world production of paper and paperboard
in 2014 was 400 million tons and that of wood pulp was 173 million tons and that ofrecovered paper was 221 million tons. The world paper industry could not exist
without recovered paper.
The recycling rates of other industries in Japan in 2012-2014: glass: 35%, steel:
25% and cupper: 24%. The paper industry is a recycling industry indeed.

Accelerate Ageing Test of Naturally Aged Paper－Comparison of Predicted Degradation Rate Indicators at Room Temperature by
Suspension Method and Sealed Tube Method－
Kang Leeand Masamitsu Inaba

Graduate School of Fine Arts, Tokyo University of the Arts
Research was conducted to clarify the relationship between natural ageing andaccelerated ageing of paper using paper naturally aged for 90 to 130 years.
In order to estimate the degradation rateof paper at room temperature,sealedtube method was conducted in four temperature comditions between 60 and 90℃.
The degradation rate indicators at room temperature were calculated by Arrhenius
plots. With regard to the estimated degradation rate indicators of tear and burst
indices of paper samples at room temperature , degradation tended to be faster insealed tube method than in suspension method.
On the other hand, degradation rate of discolouration showed an opposite result.
The correlation of the hydrogen ion concentration before accelerated ageing and theestimated degradation rate indicator of tear index at room temperature showed
better relationship than those at uniform higher temperature. Thus, in order toevaluate the permanence of papers, it is desirable to obtain room temperaturedegradation rate through Arrhenius plot.

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 12

CONTENTS

December 2017Vol. 71, No. 12

Environment
1
3
18
24
28
32
36
43
52
57

A Report of the 24th Environmental Conference……Environmental Technical Committee，JAPAN TAPPIThe Lecture of Activated Sludge Treatment and The Introduction of “extremely
low DO control”……Takao Ogawa
Practical Know-How of Odor Control：Case of Paperboard Factory……Hidenori Kojima

Energy-saving Diffuser “MICRAS”―The Best Way to Reduce the Power Consumption of Aeration System―……Yuko Matsuzaki

Trends of Forming and Scum Troubles in The Activated Sludge Treatment
Process and Countermesures……Kenji Hayashi
Basic and The Case Study of Low-Frequency Noise Countermeasure in a FactoryPart 2―Listen and Feel How We Can Resolve The Noise Problem―……Masahiko Aoki

What is “Waste”―Dilemma Between Proper Disposal and Recycling―………Yasuaki Watanabe

Revision of Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act and Case Concerning Soil
Contamination and Underground Obstacles……Masahiro Sakai
Environment Measurement Technology Using Drone―Application to Maintenance and Inspection―……Dai Sakamoto

Significant Points for Operation of The New e-Manifest―Small Mistake Could Lead to Violation of Laws and Ordinances―……Hironao Sakamoto

Topics & Information
67 Corporate Profile & Product Information 

Kobayashi Engineering Works，Ltd.

Introduction of Research Laboratories
（120）

72

Polymer Functionalization Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering,
Nagaoka University of Technology

Research Report（Original Paper）

76

The Reinforced Effect of Micro-fibrillated Cellulose on Composites Prepared from
Paper Sludge Ash……Akiko Isa

03
74
75

Committee report
Essay on Intellectual Property
Coffee break

92
100
102
113
114
116

Industry News（Domestic and International）
List of Titles in Foreign Journals Received by JAPAN TAPPI
List of Patents issued and Laid-open Publication
Price list of Domestic Logs and Wood Chips by District
Other Monthly Statistics
News from the Association

2017 December JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL
Vol.71, No.12 Abstracts

The lecture of Activated Sludge Treatment and The introduction of“extremely low

DO control”
Takao Ogawa
Ogawa Environmental Research Institute,IncThis lecture explains the basic traits of a microbe called activated sludge in thefirst half, and introduces the “extremely low dissolved oxygen (DO) control”
technique in the second half. The “extremely low DO control” is a method of keeping
the DO level in the aeration tank at nearly 0mg/l. The operation is as follows: Injectstrong air in the activated sludge mixed liquor in the aeration tank and then stop
injecting it; based on the change in the DO levels of the time, calculate the air
volume which would make the oxygen supply through aeration equal to the oxygen
consumption speed of the sludge, and inject the calculated volume to keep the DOlevels in the aeration tank at nearly 0mg/l. A comparative study was made using the
glucose-peptone wastewater and methanol-involving wastewater between the newtechnique where DO≒0mg/l and the normal technique where DO≒1.5mg/l. As aresult, with the new technique, the aeration volume was reduced to approximately
35% of the normal volume, and the total organic carbon (TOC) within the treatedwater improved equal to or more, and the nitrogen removal efficiency was seen to begreater than 90%.
Furthermore, the new technique was seen to be able to properly keep up with avery large daily variation of raw water load with the maximum/minimum ratio of 5.
Meanwhile, we showed the specific configuration of the “extremely low DO control”
system, and showed that if it is applied to the existing activated sludge process, thesystem can be installed with small initial investment without the need of building apartition in the aeration tank, if the output volume in the aeration blower can becontrolled from the water control room.
In the aeration tank, areas in which DO levels are nearly 0mg/l are neither aerobic
nor oxygen free nor anaerobic. It is quite noteworthy that areas which have rarely
been used previously can become usable using the “extremely low DO control”
system.

Practical know-how of odor control：Case of paperboard factory

Hidenori Kojima
Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
Considering from the viewpoint of water used in the paperboard factory, following
points are important about the odor problems.
1．White water of the paperboard factory has a water quality that is prone tosmell.
2．Odorsubstances such as hydrogen sulfide and volatile fatty acids generated

in white water cause deterioration of products quality and factories productivity.
3．Control of microbe improves problems both the odor and the productivity
during the papermaking process.

Energy-saving Diffuser “MICRAS”-The Best Way to Reduce the Power Consumption of Aeration SystemYuko Matsuzaki
Sumitomo Heavy Industries Environment Co., Ltd.
In wastewater treatment process, air blowers consume vast amounts of power tosend air to aeration tanks. One of the effective technologies to reduce power
consumption of blowers is the ultra-fine bubble diffuser system, which generates
small bubbles and efficiently transfers oxygen into the water. This paper illustrates
the outlines and the energy-saving effect of “MICRAS”, pipe shaped ultra-finebubble membrane diffuser. MICRAS has reduced 40% of air requirements at themunicipal wastewater treatment plant without sacrificing treated water quality.

Trends of Forming and Scum Troubles in The Activated Sludge Treatment Process andCountermesures
Kenji Hayashi
Mushugen Industries Co., Ltd.
One of the troubles that are easy to occur by activated sludge treatment of the pulp

and paper wastewater treatment has foaming scum trouble.The large amount of scumis not only increasing the load to a latter half processing process under the effect ofscum flowing out, but also decreasing the MLSS and decline in performance of theactivated sludge treatment process in itself and cause the serious trouble to deteriorate
the water quality of final effluent synergistically.
With most cases, the defoaming agent as the symptomatic treatment is added more,
but there is the case that an effect is not provided. It is the present conditions that
effective measures have not been established.
In this paper, we describe about the tendency of the foaming scum trouble and aconceivable factor and measures from the experience that we were concerned with pulp
and paper wastewater treatment.

Basic and the case study of low-frequency noise Countermeasure in a factoryPart2.

― Listen and feel how we can resolve the noise problem ―Masahiko Aoki
Acoustic Solution Division, Nihon Onkyo Engineering Co., Ltd.
Several interesting cases of the countermeasures for the noise problems in plant
are introduced. In addition, during our experiences, we have met many
countermeasures.

Some of them are effective for noise reduction, however, we met

several cases which cannot reach expectations. Both effective and non-effective
countermeasures are introduced. And the comparison of actual noise reduction andpredicted by simulation are presented for helping to understand these differences.

What is “Waste” ?
―Dilemma between proper disposal and recycling.―
Yasuaki Watanabe
Lecturer, Faculty of Humanity and Environment, Hosei University, *1
Lecture, Chuo University Law School
Waste Management and Public Cleansing Act." （Act No. 137 of 1970.） is mostimportant for the practice of waste disposal. But, what is “Waste”. It is pointed outthat its judgment is difficult.
Administrative agencies and the court assert that this can be decided by “total
judgment". However, this "total judgment" has a bad reputation. It is criticized thatthe standard is unclear. Still why "total judgment" necessary. The regulation ofwaste is reversing the guarantee of personal property rights. This is an important
key. On the other hand, promoting the recycling of waste will not proceed if theproper treatment of waste is thoroughly ensured. This "dilemma" is occurring.
Criminal trials also struggle with this dilemma（or harmony）. In any case, citizens
and administrative agencies share awareness about the necessity of recycling basedon the current situation concerning the proper disposal of waste and the ideal ofleaving a beautiful environment for future generations. It is of great importance.

Revision of Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act and Case Concerning Soil
Contamination and Underground Obstacles
Masahiro Sakai
IDEA Consultants, Inc.
Introduction of new effluent management procedure have been discussed at thecommittee of Ministry of the Environment, Japan from 2010. The existence of theeffluent management with bioassay will be discussed in 2016, with the participationof newly selected committee member from industry. Introduction of new effluent
management is considered as voluntary management system. The bioassay isconsidered three toxicity tests which are fish embryo larvae short term toxicity test,
daphnia reproduction test and algae growth inhibition test. Some major company
voluntarily addressed new effluent management with bioassay as part of activities
for a conservation of biodiversity. Major issue facing test facilities are raring
management of test animals, the cost of bioassay and accuracy management of
bioassay.

Environment measurement technology using Drone－Application to maintenance and inspection－
Dai Sakamoto
Technical Division, Kokusai Environmental Solutions Co., Ltd.
In order to maintain and manage the infrastructures efficiently, it is important toaccurately grasp soundness through regular inspections.
Therefore, the research on utilization of infrastructure structure for maintenanceand inspection by using Drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) which can approach tothe place where access is difficult, measure and take pictures, is under way.
In this paper, we report some examples of application to measurement and facility
maintenance and management by using Drone.

Significant points for operation of the new e-Manifest－Small mistake could lead to violation of laws and ordinances－
Hironao Sakamoto
Re-Tem Corporation
First of all, the article describes some case studies in an inappropriate operation on a paper
based manifest with some questions and answers and actual manifests, such as

omission ofquantity on a manifest form A, lack of confirmation of a manifest form E, D and B2, excess of
the return limit, returning a manifest before treatment and entrusting waste to a disposer without
manifests.
In the next section,

the e-Manifest system which started the operation in December 1998 is

described. The system is for three parties involved the generator, the transporter and the disposer
to exchange computerized manifest data via the Information Processing Center over the internet.
A clear explanation of comparing operation with a paper based manifest on the three parties andadvantages by the introduction of the system such as reduction effect of a paper work are given
using a table and flowchart.
In addition, mistakable points in the operation of e-Manifest as for delivery of waste before
registration, deadline for manifest registration and use of the e-Manifest are explained withsome questions and answers and charts.

The reinforced effect of micro-fibrillated cellulose on composites prepared from paper
sludge ash
Akiko Isa
Paper Industry Innovation Center, Ehime University
Fiber In this study, we investigated reinforcement effect of micro-fibrillated
cellulose (MFC) on composites prepared from paper sludge (PS) ash. The bending
strength of MFC + PS ash composites was 1.5-5 times higher than that for PS ash

only when additive rate of MFC was adjusted at 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 40%. The
reinforcement effect of MFC on the composites was due to adhesive effect between
PS ash particles coated with MFC. The bending strength of MFC 5 + PS ash 95
composite was equal to the value of Japanese Industrial Standards for calcium
silicate board (10 MPa).
PS ash and wet MFC were mixed in equal amount of additive water to the solid
content (PS ash + MFC solid).

The additive water (free water) was regulated

depending on MFC content. The free water content in the compound had a large
influence on PS ash hydration rate and the structure of resultant hydrate,
consequently PS ash particles dispersion in MFC network varied by a combinationof PS ash, MFC, and free water ratio. The increase in bending strength of PS ash +MFC composites may have decreased when free water content for PS ash was small.