CONTENTS
News............................................. 1-2
European Regional Group............. 3-4
ICNDT Guide.................................... 5
Asia-Pacific Regional Group.............. 6
Pan-American Regional Group.......... 8
WCNDT............................................ 9Technical Article....................... 10-11
Calendar of Events........................... 12

The World Organisation for NDTVolume 8 Issue No 16

August 2015

New researchregister

CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE

New Working Group on Condition Monitoringand Diagnostic Technologies
First meeting of the joint ICNDT/ISCM Working GroupIt was a real pleasure to find myself in Oxford in June, alongwith Terry Clausing, President of the American Society for
Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), and Professor Len Gelman,
Chairman of the International Society of Condition Monitoring(ISCM). We were there to hold the first meeting of the joint ICNDT/ISCM Working Group on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic
Technologies, in conjunction with CM 2015/MFPT 2015 – theTwelfth International Conference on Condition Monitoring andMachinery Failure Prevention Technologies. Terry and Len havekindly agreed to act as Co-Chairs for the Working Group.
ICNDT members of the Working Group are as follows: Paul Rand
– AINDT (Alternate: Peter Milligan); Dr Gábor Pór – MAROVISZ; Florian Raddatz – DGZfP(Alternate: Lars Schubert/Jens Prager); Dr Peter Tscheliesnig – OGZfP; Professor Wontae Kim –KSNT (Alternate: Professor Younho Cho); and Professor Mehdi Behzad – IRNDT (to be confirmed).
During the meeting, the group agreed its priorities and the outline of an action plan,
which will be published in time for the Policy and General Purposes Committee (PGPC)
meeting to be held in Cartagena, Colombia, in August this year.
After the meeting, it was a great pleasure to hear Terry Clausing deliver his plenary keynote
lecture to CM 2015/MFPT 2015 attendees and in the evening we enjoyed a guided walking tourof Oxford with Terry and his wife, Devon. We were bowled over by the history of the place.
COTEQ 2015
The Conference on Equipment Technology, COTEQ 2015, was held in Brazil in June andwas a great success. More than 700 people attended and participated in ten parallel streams
encompassing NDT, equipment inspection, corrosion, welding, asset integrity and life extension.
COTEQ brings together technical presentations, an exhibition of new technologies,
products and services directed to areas of non-destructive testing and inspection, corrosion,oil, gas and biofuels in a number of simultaneous events:l XXXIII CONAEND – National Conference on Non-Destructive Testing and Inspection
l 35° CONBRASCORR – Brazilian Congress of Corrosion
l 35° SEMINSP – Seminar of Equipments Inspection
l 19th IEV – International Conference on Assessing Integrity and Life Extension ofIndustrial Equipmentl 9th EXPOEQUIP – Exhibition of Technology Equipments of Corrosion & Painting, NDT
and Inspection of Equipments.
I am very enthusiastic about this grouping of events as NDT is relevant to corrosion,equipment inspection, assessing integrity and life extension.
This was the third time the conference had been held in the Pernambuco region in the northeast of Brazil. The region is the focus of heavy investment in infrastructure, including two car
factories (Jeep and Fiat), two shipyards and petrochemical plants, but has suffered in recent times
due to the economic problems in Brazil.
Continued on page two

I

CNDT is establishing on its website(www.icndt.org) a new register of
institutions and other organisations thatcarry out research into NDT and associateddisciplines.
The register may be found under the‘Resources’ tab on the home page.
Authorised
representativesoforganisations involved in research activities
are invited to add their details free-ofcharge,
at:www.icndt.org/resources/
registerentry.aspx
The register is compiled from information
supplied by research organisations. Whilst
every effort is made to ensure that the details
are correct and as up-to-date as possible,
ICNDT cannot accept any responsibility forerrors or omissions.

World Conference on
Non-Destructive Testing

19th WCNDT 201613-17 June 2016
The International ConferenceCentre (ICM), Munich, Germany
Topics include:
Structural engineering
Materials characterisation
Modelling and data processing
Medical products
Energy generation
Contact: German Society for Non-Destructive
Testing (DGZfP), Max-Planck-Strasse 6,12489, Berlin, Germany.
Tel: +49 30 678 07 120; Fax: +49 30 678 07
120; Email: conference@wcndt2016.com

www.wcndt2016.com

The Official Journal of the International Committee for Non-Destructive TestingICNDT Journal

Obituary

Publisher: 				

The International Committee for Non-Destructive Testing (ICNDT).
The ICNDT is registered as a legalised Association with its seat in Vienna,
Austria. A1010 Vienna, Krugerstraße 16.

		Secretariat: The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing (BINDT),
Newton Building, St George’s Avenue, Northampton NN2 6JB, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)1604 89 3811; Fax: +44 (0)1604 89 3861; Email: info@bindt.org

Editors:		

David Gilbert, The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing (BINDT).
Tel: +44 (0)1604 89 3811; Fax: +44 (0)1604 89 3861; Email: david.gilbert@
bindt.org

				

Sharon Bond, CINDE
Email: s.bond@cinde.ca

Production:				Corinne Mackle, BINDT
Zoe White, BINDT

Published three times per year.

Your new ICNDTJournal is available
for downloading fromwww.icndt.org

Editorial contributions are welcomed.
Articles should be sent to Sharon Bond, CINDE. Email: s.bond@cinde.ca
Views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the International Committee for
Non-Destructive Testing. No liability is accepted whatsoever for errors or omissions.
ICNDT Member Societies are authorised to distribute this newsletter and/or its contents, however
permission should be obtained for reproduction of individual articles and extracts.

Material for the next ICNDT Journal should be sent toSharon Bond, email: s.bond@cinde.ca
Chairman’s message continued fromfront pageThe approach of cooperating with related
disciplines in a single regional conference
organised every two years was started by theBrazilian Association for NDT and Inspection(ABENDI) and is an excellent example forother NDT societies to follow. I was very
pleased to attend and represent ICNDT at the
opening ceremony, as well as delivering an
invited paper, entitled: ‘A world panorama of
certification of NDT personnel’.
Another novelty to be applauded was
the involvement of youth. On the final dayof the conference, ABENDI invited student
groups from six local universities. They were
given a half-day of training, covering NDT,
welding and corrosion, and shown aroundthe exhibition. To conclude, ABENDI had
organised an inter-University quiz. This was
conducted with great aplomb and razzmatazzby a very skilled compere. The young
people participated with great enthusiasm
and cheered on their representatives. The
winners were presented with a palm-top PC,
a complimentary training course in NDT, at-shirt and a substantial cash prize. As a resultof this initiative, 145 young people (both maleand female) gained an insight into engineering
disciplines related to NDT and saw thepossibility of interesting and rewarding careers.
The next COTEQ will be held in Rio deJaneiro in 2017.
New President for EFNDTCongratulations to Dr Peter Trampus(MAROVISZ, Hungary) on his election

2

as the new President of the European
Federation for NDT (EFNDT), and also to the
new Vice-President, Roger Lyon (BINDT,UK). Peter succeeds Dr Matthias Purschke(DGZfP, Germany), who is also President of
the 19th WCNDT and serves on the ICNDTExecutive Committee in that capacity.
World Conference – 19th WCNDTWith the 19th World Conference on NonDestructive Testing (WCNDT) now less than ayear away, it is time for people and companies
to budget and plan for participation in what is
likely to be the world’s biggest NDT conference
this century. It is the first time the conference isbeing held in Europe since 2000 and Munich,Germany, promises to be an excellent location.
During the conference, a decision will
be made on the venue for the 21st WCNDT,
which will follow the 20th WCNDT being
held in Korea in 2020.
ICNDT Awards
A call for proposals for the ICNDT Awards,
to be presented at the 19th WCNDT in June
2016, is being issued to member societies.
The Awards are as follows:l Roentgen Award – for major
contribution to the science andtechnology of NDTl Pawlowski Award – for major
contribution to the promotion of NDTinternationallyl Havercroft Award – for major
contribution to NDT education,
training or certificationl Sokolov Award – for major
contribution to NDT research

Professor H J Kopineck
1924 – 2015I

t is with the deepest sympathy
that ICNDT reports the passing ofProfessor H J Kopineck, who diedon his 91st birthday, on 15 June 2015.
President of the International
Committee for Non-Destructive Testing(ICNDT) from 1992 to 1996, Professor
Kopineck made many valuable
contributions to ICNDT. The starting
documents for the ICNDT project‘Harmonisation of Certification for
NDT Personnel’ were created andissued under his leadership, and for
those involved in the project it was anhonour to work alongside him.
As the oldest surviving Honorary
Member of ICNDT, Professor Kopineck
will be remembered fondly by many inthe industry for his great contributions
to the NDT profession.

l ICNDT Young Achiever Award – for theachievements of young people in NDT(<35 years).
Full instructions on how to prepare a
proposal are given in ICNDT Operating
Procedure OP4, available on the ICNDT
website, where previous years’ winners arealso recorded in the Roll of Honour (homepage tab). The ICNDT Awards provide
an excellent opportunity to recognise thecontributions of individuals and organisations
at the highest level in the industry.
6th Pan-American NDT Conference
The 6th Pan-American NDT Conference
will be held in Cartagena, Colombia, from
12-14 August 2015. I am delighted to beattending this conference at the invitationof President Eduardo Pulido, and pleased
that the next ICNDT Policy and General
Purposes Committee meeting will be held
here. The committee will discuss and makedecisions (subject to ratification by theGeneral Assembly) on the future structureof ICNDT and its constituent regions. I
briefed representatives from ABENDI,
AAEND and CONEND on the proposals
whilst at COTEQ. There will also be ameeting of the Pan-American Committee,
which will decide how to transform itself
into a legally-established Federation.

Dr J M Farley
Chairman, ICNDTICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015

Contact:
E Romero – informacion@aend.org
V Krstelj – vjera.krstelj@fsb.hr

Regional Report
EUROPENew President elected for the European Federation for
Non-Destructive Testing (EFNDT)

D

uring the General Assembly held in Budapest at the end of April 2015, membersof the European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing (EFNDT) elected its new
President, Vice-President, Board of Directors and Secretary for the next three years.
Professor Peter Trampus, former EFNDT Vice-President and President of the Hungarian
Association for Non-Destructive Testing (MAROVISZ), became the new EFNDT President.
He took this opportunity to deliver the following message…

Firstly, I would like to sincerely thank the representatives of
EFNDT national member societies for their trust. Presidency of
EFNDT is a great honour for me and, at the same time, it presents
a big challenge as well. I also have to express my gratitude to
Dr Matthias Purschke, former EFNDT President, Ms Jutta Koehn,
former Secretary, the whole Board of Directors and everyone
who contributed to the past successful period. On behalf ofthe newly-elected Board of Directors, I would like to reassure
our predecessors that we shall do our best to continue EFNDT
activities at the same level.
I have taken over the Federation while it is in excellent
condition; it has been well organised, all administrative,
managerial and financial means are available, it has a soundstrategic plan, European-wide partnerships have been establishedand it has good partners within the other regional groups and theEuropean national NDT societies. Also, it has good relations with
ICNDT management, representing an important player in the NDTscene. Equally important, the new Board of Directors comprises
both experienced people and enthusiastic young people looking
for new tasks and challenges.
Among the tasks EFNDT is facing, the most complicated is
to successfully complete dialogue with ICNDT and the regional
federations on creating a new organisational and fee structure forthe entire NDT community. The objective of this action, which
was initiated by EFNDT, is a reorganisation of ICNDT/regional
federations on a more hierarchical basis, with clearer definitions
as to what is to be done at each level and stronger coordination.
This will lead to an improvement in efficiency and a reduction in
duplication at both ICNDT and EFNDT level.
Another challenging task is the subject of NDT personnel
training, qualification and certification. With EN ISO 9712, aworldwide Standard for qualification and certification of NDT
personnel has been achieved. The Standard offers a common
basis for building NDT personnel competence all over the world.
ICNDT has set up a worldwide mutual recognition agreement
based on a similar agreement that has existed in Europe forsome time. EFNDT, as one of the regional groups of ICNDT, will
support those activities with all its strength – international unity
in national diversity is also beneficial for European industry. In
this area, EFNDT will strengthen the cooperation with its national
member societies and will further push the idea of defining thebest practice in NDT by high-level qualification and independent
third-party certification for NDT personnel. Based on experience
it seems that, within the quality system of NDT, the weakest linkmust be the competence of personnel.
The strength of EFNDT is in its national NDT societies. I would
like to put a stronger emphasis on them, to hear their voices and,
therefore, I would like to better involve the societies in the daily
work. The national societies in Europe are very different and thatmeans we can, and should, learn a lot of things from each other.
The regular exchange of information and experience between oursocieties must be a strong common focus of our activities.
Remarkable actions have been carried out within the working
groups and forums of EFNDT. Our goal is to strengthen thisICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015

activity, primarily byactivatingthelessactive groups or forums.
The role of these is
becoming increasingly
importantbecausethey
canprovideforums for exchanging
information, in particular industrial segments and/or specificapplication areas of NDT.
EFNDT has to not only keep but also improve its European
visibility. This means the maintenance of its existing cooperation
with various partners and the identification of new partners withwhich its goals can more easily be achieved. One of the target
areas is its deeper involvement in laboratory accreditation. EFNDT
has already started to collaborate with the relevant European
organisation but still has a long way to go.
Last year, the European Conference on NDT (ECNDT) was
successfully organised by the Czech Society for NDT in Prague,
Czech Republic. The next European regional event, the 12th
ECNDT, will take place in Gothenburg in 2018, organised by the
NDT societies of Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway. ECNDT2018 will offer a fantastic opportunity for the national societies
and all our colleagues in NDT to meet, to discuss common issues,
to become familiar with the new developments and trends in thefield of NDT, and to deepen friendships among members of thewhole NDT community.
In closing, I refer to EFNDT’s Mission Statement:
The overall mission of EFNDT is to bring together the
resources of the individual national societies and organisations in
the field of NDT in Europe to create a more effective and morevaluable voice for the NDT industry, the NDT profession, theusers of NDT and thus the wider community.

Organised by the German Society for
Non-Destructive Testing

7th International
Symposium on NDT in
Aerospace
16-18 November 2015
Atlantic Hotel Universum, Bremen, Germany

www.ndt-aerospace.com
3EUROPE

NDT Laboratory and Knowledge Centre inaugurated
with assistance from MAROVISZB

ay Zoltán Applied Research Coordination Agency, Hungary,is supporting Hungarian research and development in thefield of non-destructive testing and evaluation by providing
qualified and skilled experts as well as infrastructure. Its activities
include the introduction of new methods, the development ofspecific procedures, inspection validation and training.

collaboration with the Hungarian Association for Non-Destructive
Testing (MAROVISZ). In Hungary, there are four nuclear units inoperation and the decision was made to build two more units.
MAROVISZ and Bay Zoltán Applied Research Coordination
Agency would like to cooperate closely in the development of
the Hungarian NDT profession. Symbolising this, Dr Gyöngyvér B
Lenkey, Director of the Engineering Division at Bay Zoltán Applied
Research Coordination Agency, and Professor Peter Trampus,
President of MAROVISZ, have signed a cooperation agreement.
The tasks under the agreement will focus on the disseminationand industrial implementation of new NDT methods, offering joint
training, launching joint projects for MAROVISZ members and theorganisation of workshops and conferences.
The conference presentations were followed by an equipment
and software demonstration.

The NDT Laboratory and Knowledge Centre opened in June 2015

On 3 June 2015, some 50 attendees were present in Miskolc,
Hungary, the headquarters of Bay Zoltán Applied Research
Coordination Agency, Engineering Division, for the official opening ofa new NDT laboratory, which took place in the form of a conference.
The NDT Laboratory and Knowledge Centre was establishedwith sponsorship from MVM Paks Nuclear Power Plant Ltd and in

The 54th Annual British Conference on
Non-Destructive Testing is taking place thisautumn at The International Centre,
Telford, UK.
There will be three parallel technical sessions
covering a broad range of NDT technologies
and applications. The 2015 Materials Testing
Exhibition will run alongside the conference.
Topics include:
Applications • Data processing & validation
NDT – Putting theory into practice • Simulation
Human elements of NDT • Phased arrays
Pipeline inspection • Composites
From theory to application • Modelling

Register now online at:www.bindt.org
4

Professor Peter Trampus (left) and Dr Gyöngyvér B Lenkey (centre)
sign the cooperation agreement

The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing

54th Annual Conference
8-10 September 2015
The International Centre,
Telford, UK

Contact: Conference Services,
The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing,
Newton Building, St George’s Avenue,
Northampton NN2 6JB, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1604 89 3811;
Fax: +44 (0)1604 89 3861; Email: conf@bindt.org

ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015

ICNDT GUIDE

Highlights


Recommendations on qualification and certification

Responsibilities of the employer

Requirements for NDT personnel certification bodies



Qualification and certification of NDT personnel in accordance with ISO 9712: 2012ICNDT membership directory

ASME position on recognition and acceptance of central certification programmes

Non‐destructive testing under the European Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC)



Certification Schemes compliant with ISO 9712



ICNDT Multilateral Recognition Agreement, PCB assessment scheme and Examination
Question Bank

Qualification of NDT personnel in accordance with ISO 20807 and ISO TS 11774



Guidance for developing countries seeking to establish national certification schemes

Code of practice for personnel certification bodies



ICNDT tabulation of PCB’s implementation of ISO 9712:201237

ICNDT Guide to
Qualification andCertificationof Personnel
for NDT

ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015

5

Contact:
B Venkataraman – bvenkat@igcar.gov.in
N Ooka – nori.ooka@rio.odn.ne.jp

Regional Report
ASIA-PACIFIC

Success for inaugural NDT exhibition andconference in KazakhstanT

he 1st Kazakhstan International Non-Destructive Testing
and Technical Diagnostics Exhibition and Conference,
NDT Kazakhstan, took place 7-9 April 2015 in Astana,
Kazakhstan, and was a huge success.
NDT Kazakhstan presented a full range of equipment, devices andservices from the fields of non-destructive testing (NDT), technicaldiagnostics, laboratory monitoring, measurement and testing.
Exhibition sections included the following:l Non-destructive testingl Training of personnel in the field of non-destructive testingl Equipment and instruments for non-destructive testingl Services in the field of non-destructive testingl Technical diagnostics
l Monitoring systems
l Energy audit
l Laboratory controll Environmental diagnosticsl Destructive testingl Measuring and testingl Services in the field of industrial safetyl Mechanical testingl Metrology and standardisationl Nanometrology and nanodiagnostics
l Laboratory control
l Computer visionl Production controll Climate testing.
Alongside the exhibition, the event also included a businessprogramme featuring a one-day conference on 7 April andseminars over the last two days.
The only core exhibition within the Central Asian countries,
NDT Kazakhstan aimed to provide a business platform for bothforeign experts and those in Kazakhstan who are responsible fortechnical diagnostics in enterprise. It was hoped the event would
allow for a detailed study of the latest equipment and innovationsin the field of non-destructive testing and become an event forbusiness communication for the main suppliers of equipment andservices in NDT.
NDT Kazakhstan received both support and active participationfrom the Non-Destructive Testing and Technical Diagnostic
Association of Kazakhstan and was also held in conjunction withthe following large industrial exhibitions:l Power Astana – Kazakhstan International Energy, Electrical
Equipment and Machine Building Exhibitionl Kazatomexpo – Kazakhstan International Nuclear PowerEngineering and Industry Exhibitionl MachExpo Kazakhstan – Kazakhstan International Industrial
Exhibition Machine Building, Machine-Tool Building andAutomation.
As expected, the joint conduction of these industrial events
attracted the maximum number of specialists working in theenergy, machine building, oil & gas, mining, nuclear, aerospaceand related industries.
The success of NDT Kazakhstan has put the event in line withother international exhibitions within the area of NDT, such as
NDT Russia (Moscow and St Petersburg) and Aerospace Testing& Industrial Control (Moscow), organised by the British Group ofCompanies ITE.

Asia-Pacific Conference on Non-Destructive Testing

15th APCNDT 201713-17 November 2017
Marina Bay Sands Convention Centre, Singapore
Theme:The location:

NDE for Enhanced Safety, Quality and Productivity.

Well known for being a little red dot on the world map,
Singapore is not to be underestimated as it is one of theImportant dates:l Call for papers: open from 1 January 2016l Submission of abstracts: 1 January 2016 to 31 March 2017l Submission of full papers: 1 April to 30 May 2017l Author registration: 1 June to 31 July 2017l Early bird registration: 1 June to 30 September 2017.

leading vibrant cities in the heart of Asia. Within thismulticultural city-state, the integrated resort of Marina Bay
Sands has surpassed most tourist attractions to emerge as
Singapore’s newest landmark. This large, iconic structure
overlooks ‘Gardens by the Bay’, a new feature thatevolved from Singapore’s reputation as a garden city.

www.apcndt2017.com
6

ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015

MINDTCE15
MALAYSIA INTERNATIONALNDT CONFERENCE and EXHIBITION“NDT for Safer Life and Cleaner Environment”

CALL FOR PAPERSCALL FOR PAPERSSUNWAY PUTRA HOTEL, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

22-24 NOVEMBER 2015

Increasingly complex engineering systems and plants pose greater challenges for members of NDT community. New
NDT methods and equipment are continuously developed. More funds are injected into research with the objectives
among others to diversify the already existing NDT methods, develop new methods, to increase degree of reliability of
NDT data, automation of NDT methods and advancing the existing method such as digital radiography, phased array andtime-of-flight diffraction. In addition, worldwide efforts are also made to improve NDT education, training andcertification to ensure that the technology provides the most accurate presentation for level of integrity of tested items.
MINDTCE15 provides a platform for members of NDT community throughout the world to share their new NDTtechnologies, knowledge, experiences and research findings for betterment of mankind dwelling in this world as well asprotecting our environment and preventing industrial disasters.
 Radiation safety
and security
 The need of NDT
end users
 Automation androbotic NDTTOPIC OF INTERESTINCLUDE BUT NOT
LIMITED TO:
 New and advanced
NDT methods
 Computed
radiography andtomography
 Power generation
application

For further enquiries
please contact:
Dr. Abd Nassir Ibrahim(abdnassir54@yahoo.com.my)
Dr. Khazali Hj Mohd Zin(khazalika@gmail.com)
Dr. Azali Muhammad(azali1954@gmail.com)
Dr. Ab. Razak Hamzah(abrazak@unikl.edu.my)
Mr. Royce Wong
(royce.wong@advantech.my)
Mr. Zamaludin Ali(zamaluddin.Ali@gmail.com)
Mr. W. Abdullah W. Hamat(abdulwa@petronas.com.my)
Dr. Nordin Jamaludin
ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015
(nordin@vlsi.eng.ukm.my)
Dr. Ilham Mukriz Zainal Abidin(mukriz@nm.gov.my) NDT education,
training andcertification
 NDT for nuclear
power application
 NDT for aerospace
application
 NDT for nonmetallic material
 Ultrasonic phasedarray, TOFD andother advanced
techniques
 Other areas related
to NDT

Program and Proceedings will be
published in a Conference &Proceedings Web App for on-siteusage. All participants will get USBsticks at the conference with thehandouts. Full papers of thecontributions will be publishedOpen Access after the symposium
in NDT.net's renowned Open
Access e-journal of Nondestructive
Testing - ISSN 1435-4934

IMPORTANT DATESExtended Abstract
Submission Dateline
30th August 2015
Notification of
acceptance
15th September 2015

Full paper submission

Contributions (Paper, Slides, Poster
and Movie) submission until 8th Nov
for USB and 22th Nov 2015 for
MINDTCE15 Conference &Proceedings Web App

Paper submissions andauthor information atwww.ndt.net/MINDTCE-15
Organized by

Malaysian Society for NDT (MSNT)
Supported by
7
www.ndt.net

Asia Pacific Federation
International
Committee for NDT for NDT (APFNDT)(ICNDT)

Contact:
C Belinco – belinco@cnea.gov.ar
J Conte – joao.conte@abendi.org.br

Regional Report
PAN-AMERICA

News from the Brazilian Association for NDT and Inspection
NDT Student Guide
One of the objectives included in the 2014-2016 Strategic Planof the Brazilian Association for NDT and Inspection (ABENDI) isthat of disseminating NDT in Brazilian universities and technicalschools.
Part of ABENDI’s mission is to inform and increase awarenessamong the newer generations of the importance of NDT inspection
as a profession and its use in industry in general. To this end,
the Association has published the NDT Student Guide, among
other activities, containing a description of all NDT methods,
their respective fields of application, career opportunities andstatements by professionals already working in this area. 10,000
copies of the handbook will be distributed throughout the main
educational institutions in the country.

ABENDI joins Instagram
Included within the goals of ABENDI’s Strategic Plan is to use alldifferent types of media vehicles available to further increase NDTawareness.
Activities on Facebook, Twitter and electronic newslettershave already been implemented and last April ABENDI’s page on
Instagram was released revealing the invisible world of NDT. It
can be accessed at: https://instagram.com/a.b.e.n.d.i/

New certifications
Vibration Analysis is an essential factor in the early detection of
anomalies such as mechanical, electrical and hydraulic errors inmachines and equipment. ABENDI recently began a process inwhich to certify N1 Vibration Analysis. ABENDI’s norm covering
the method (NA-004) was drafted based on ISO 18.436-2 andencompasses four certification categories.
Considered as a non-intrusive and non-destructive technique,thermography reveals the distribution of surface temperatures
through the use of a thermal image produced by cameras able todetect electromagnetic and infrared radiations.
ABENDI introduced this certificate for the N1 category in June
2015.

Online simulation
Always aimed at creating benefits able to effectively contributetowards the development of its associates, ABENDI has madeonline simulations available to its candidates to aid preparation
for the Level 3 theoretic exam.
Associates can access seven simulations: basic knowledge,
dimension control, radiography research, penetrating liquids,
magnetic particles and ultrasound.
The new CD, EV and ER tests are all comprised of 50
multiple choice questions drafted, compiled and reviewed by N3
methodology specialists.

ABENDI numbers
The following are ABENDI’s numbers in reference to 2014:l 25 recognised organs
l 4080 people trained
l 530 training sessions heldl 223 meetings held with commissions and committees with2014 participantsl 11 norms published in 62 meetings with 645 participantsl 12,583 tests given (theoretical and practical)
l 10 events realised with 1610 participants.
Total numbers:
l 20,154 professionals certified
l 33,459 certifications
l 5042 Associates.

Organised by the Asociación Argentina Ensayos No Destructivos y Estructurales (AAENDE)

COMADEM 2015 &X CORENDE
1-4 December 2015
CNEA – Constituent Atomic Center (CAC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
COMADEM 2015

X CORENDE

The 28th International Conference on Management ofEngineering Monitoring and Diagnostic Terms/International
Congress of Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering
Management (COMADEM 2015) provides the opportunity tocontact/approach technologies that continuously improve andenhance the quality, reliability, safety, maintainability andperformance of assets (both physical and human) as broadly as
possible and achieve the maximum benefits with minimal risk.

The 10th Regional Congress of Structural and Non-Destructive
Testing (X CORENDE) is intended as a discussion forum whereideas are exchanged and discussed regarding improvementsin the use of technology in the evaluation of components,
systems and structures, from research to production andmarketing. Topics include: non-destructive testing, personnel
certification, standards, welding inspection, and maintenanceand structural testing.

www.aaende.org.ar/Comadem2015Corende/
8

ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015

WCNDTGERMANSOCIETY FORNON-DESTRUCTIVETESTING

EXCLUSIVE SPONSOR

Abstract Submissions accepted until 30 June 2015
Final Programme in December 2015

CALL FOR PAPERS You are invited to submit abstracts on various topics
of NDT. Present your latest developments, applications and research
results – reach experts from all over the world and make NDT history!
Find the best way to present your work – oral, poster or interactive
presentation – everything is possible!
• Global attention• 8 parallel sessions – topics for each concern!
• Poster show – centrally located, access all day!
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ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015

9

REVIEW ARTICLE: NDT IN KENYA

Welding quality in Kenya: application ofradiography
M M Gatari, J K Birir, D M Maina, S M Mutuli and W M Kairu
In Kenya, welding services are extensively employed in both the formal and informal sectors. The needs continue
to increase with increasing population, infrastructure, vehicle fleet and economic development. Welding need is currently
very important in support of ‘Kenya Vision 2030’. This study reports some examples on the role of radiography
in assessing the quality of welds in Kenya in accordance with Articles 2 and 22 of ASME V. Samples were acquired
from both informal and formal sectors and tested for volumetric flaws using a radiographic method. During the sample
acquisition, visual inspection was carried out before and after welding, and professional non-destructive testing
investigators witnessed the welding process on-site. The study observed a wide variation in welding competency, especiallyin the informal sector, and this has provoked efforts to widen the study with the aim of developing a comprehensive
advisory report for Kenyan policy makers.
Keywords: radiographic film, visual inspection, informal sector, welders, Kenya Vision 2030.

1. Introduction
Radiography is a non-destructive testing method that has beenused for many decades in inspecting the welding joints ofstructures and vessels, such as boilers, pipelines, nuclear reactors,
ships and so on[1]. This method makes use of ionising radiation to
detect volumetric discontinuities such as voids and inclusions ina material. Its main application is in the inspection of structuresand vessels. However, it can also be used as a means of random
quality assessment of industrial welds and deterioration, and incertifying the skills and competency of welders.
In Kenya, welding services are extensively employed in boththe formal and informal sectors. While in the formal sector theservices are regulated, this is not the case in the informal sector.
The formal sector employers are bound by law to be responsible
for their products’ safety and employees competency in service
delivery. The employees are also annually assessed throughwelders retesting and license renewal. Their licenses specify
the range of material thickness and type, welding positions andapplicable welding procedure. However, independent monitoringof product safety is not carried out. On the other hand, the informal
sector is highly unregulated despite being the largest employer
in Kenya. It employs over 80% of the working population, of
which 20% are engaged in manufacturing[2]. The services of thewelders in the sector are extensively utilised in the constructionindustry, fabrication of domestic products, repair of machineryand in the transport industry[3]. The sector is also a major source of
welding manpower in Kenya and it is expanding very fast with the
population growth, the demand for cheap domestic and farming
products and the high increase of reconditioned vehicles in a fastgrowing transport industry. The current economic developmentl The authors
Michael M Gatari, John K Birir, D M Maina and Wilson M Kairu arewith the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College ofArchitecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197,
Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: +254 20 318262; Fax: +254 (020) 2245566;
Email: gatarimj@gmail.com / jbirir@gmail.com / dmaina@uonbi.ac.ke /kairuhwilson@yahoo.com
Stephen M Mutuli is with the Department of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering, College of Architecture and Engineering,
University of Nairobi, Kenya. Email: mutulis1@gmail.com

10

trend in Kenya and the long-term strategic plan under Kenya
Vision 2030[4] will demand enhanced skills and competency
as well as independent monitoring for purposes of sustainablesafety policies. In this study, the first independent monitoring of
the welding services in Kenya are reported, which is aimed tosupport the Government efforts towards achieving sustainable
development.

2. Methodology
2.1 Test sample acquisition
Test samples were randomly acquired from selected towns in
Kenya, which were representative of major industrial, transportand farming activities. The towns were Mlolongo (12 samples),City Stadium (12), Mombasa (10), Kisumu (10), Kitale (10) andMeru (10). The samples were selected on accounts of thickness
range and welding orientation, from both the informal and formal
sectors. For all of the acquired samples, the field investigators
witnessed the welding processes on-site and performed visualinspection before and after the process. Inspection and process
observations were recorded and from the formal sector copies of
the welding procedures were taken. 64 samples of 3 mm thickness
were acquired from the informal sector, while a total of 92 plates
and 18 pipes of 10 mm and 8 mm thickness, respectively, wereacquired from the formal sector. The samples were preserved andsecurely transported to radiography laboratories for testing andfurther examination.

2.2 Examination and testing
Visual inspection involves not only inspecting the samples visually
but also studying the radiographic films. This helps in identifying
and sizing any obvious discontinuities open to the surface and film
interpretation of images. The main items required to perform theinspections include a measuring tape, vernier caliper, magnifying
lens, film viewer and weld gauge. Visual testing was carried out
in accordance with Article 9 of ASME V[5], taking into accountthe minimum luminance requirements. Each of the samples was
subjected to radiographic inspection to determine volumetricflaws. The source of radiation was a 300 KV, 6 mA X-ray tube
and Kenya radiation protection regulations and procedures
were followed in taking the sample radiographs. The obtained
radiographic films were processed and viewed in accordance with
Articles 2 and 22 of ASME V[5] and interpretation was in accordance

ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015

TECHNICAL ARTICLE
Table 1. Results of defects in percentages of tested samples from both informal and formal sectors

mainly in the informal sector, provided abetter service than those who were notretrained.

Type of discontinuity
Welds
Undercut

Porosity

Cracks (C)Lack offusion(LOF)

Incomplete
penetration
(IP)

Total
discontinuities

4. Conclusion

This study investigated the applicationof radiography in inspecting the quality
Informalof welding services in Kenya. It revealed
sector plate
16%
6%
3%
34%
33%
92%
the wide deficiencies in the quality of
welds
weld services given by both the formal
Formaland informal sectors. Retraining ofsector plate
5%
15%
0%
8%
10%
38%
welders and annual assessment throughwelds
testing and licensing was found to beFormalan important aspect in the two sectors
sector pipe
0%
0%
0%
0%
6%
6%
and governmental policy to that effectwelds
is required. The study also affirmed
the importance of radiography as an
Note: The % indicated represents the percentage of total samples tested having the given defect.
important tool in industrial services/
product inspection and support forwith ASME VIII[6] and ASME IX[7]. The standards give codes that
Kenya in the realisation of its long-term strategic plan towards Kenya
specify the acceptance levels of imperfections detected in welds.
Vision 2030. However, expanded studies were seen to be necessary
The films were first evaluated for artefacts and false indications
to strengthen what has been achieved in the current work.
that are formed prior to film processing, during film processing
Acknowledgements
and after processing. The radiograph was then evaluated for true
discontinuities and to assess the quality level, and the sizes ofThis study would not have been possible without the equipment
imperfections permitted by the standard were compared with thesupport from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and adimensions of indications revealed by radiographs. These tests
study and travel grant from the International Science Programme
were repeated for all specimens and joints of interest.
(ISP), University of Uppsala, Sweden.

References

3. Results and discussion
Defects present in plates from both the informal and formal sectors,
and formal sector pipes are shown in percentages of the tested samples(Table 1). The defects in the formal sector welds were significantly
lower than in the informal sector, by approximately a factor of three.
However, the percentage of defects, although different between the
sectors, portrayed unacceptable percentage of failure as reflectedin the figures of total discontinuities. This difference was attributed
to the fact that welders in the formal sector are subjected to annual
assessment through testing and subsequent licensing. We observedthat defects that were recorded in the formal sector welds were mostly
from welders taking the test for the first time. The welding in the formal
sector was also carried out following written welding procedures
and specifications, but this was not the case in the informal sector.
The welders in the informal sector were also not annually assessed
and licensed, thus causing the high failure of the tested welds. We
further observed that the welders who were subjected to retraining,

1. R F Alcala, Application of Non-Destructive Testing and In-Service
Inspection to Research Reactors, IAEA-TECDOC-1263, International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), (Eds), Vienna, Austria, 2001.

2. Government of Kenya (GOK), Economic Survey 2012,
Government Press, 2012.
3. Government of Kenya (GOK), National Micro- and SmallEnterprise Baseline Survey 1999, Government Press, 1999.
4. Government of Kenya (GOK), Vision 2030. Government Press,
2007.
5. ‘Section V: non-destructive examination’ In: ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code, ASME Press, USA, 2010.
6. ‘Section VIII: rules for construction of pressure vessels’ In: ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, ASME Press, USA, 2010.
7. ‘Section IX: qualification standard for welding and brazing
procedures, welders, brazers and welding and brazing operators’
In: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, ASME Press, USA, p 4,
2010. Available at: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/insi InsightNT2F15
Fifteenth International Conference on
New Trends in Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics
20-23 October 2015
Oran, Algeria
www.univ-chlef.dz

ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 201511

CALENDAR OF NDT EVENTS
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ICNDT Journal Vol 8 No 16 July 2015