Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Country Presentation ：India
D C Rana
Visiting Researcher (INDIA)
ADRC, Kobe, Japan

1

Basic Information

2

3

Administrative System Parliamentary Democracy
 PM Head of National Govt.
Govt andPresident Head of State 28 States and 7 UTs
 Chief Minister Political Head ofState Government
 Governor for each State andAdministrator for UTs
 States have many districts andddistricts
hhave
Sub-Divisionsb
 Local Government – Urban Local
Bodies and PanchayatiyRajjInstitutions

4

Demographic ProfilePopulation 1.21billion (Second Mostpopulous)

1.21 billion (SecondMost populous –likely to be the mostpopulous by 2025

Sex Ratio

940

Life Expectancy

69.89

Population Density

382 person/Sq. Km.

Literacy Rate

74.04 %
98.3

Net Enrolment Ratio(UPE) More than 1/6th of the World Population (16.7%)

Age structure
0-14 years:31.1%

 More than 50% below the age of 25
 More than 65% below 35 %15-64 years:

63.6%

 2020 – Average Age 29 (China 37; Japan 48)

65-over:

5.3%

 Over 2000 ethnic groups and all major religions

5LandArea

3.28 million Sq. KM (2.5 %world area)
7th Largest country of theworld

Land
Water

90.44 %
9.56 %

Forest Area 22.7 %Latitude

8° 4' and 37° 6' NorthLLongitude
it d68° 7‘ andd 97° 25' EEastt

ClimateWinter (December-February)
Summer (March(March-June)
June)
South-west monsoon season(June-September)
Post monsoon season(October-November)
6

Indian Economy
Rank

10th Largest Economy (Nominal) 3rdPPPGDP$ 1.847 trillion (Nominal) (2011)

Labor Force

487.6

Unemployment

9.4 %Poverty Ratio

29 8%
29.8%

GDP by sector

Agriculture: 17.2%, Industry: 26.4%,Services: 56.4% (2011 est.)

Growth Rate

6.5 (2011-12)
7

Indian River System
••
•
•
•

Ganges River System – West to East (at least10 Major River system)
Indus River System (at least 6 Major RiverSystems)
Peninsular River System (at least 11 majorRiver systems)
CWC
C aandd harvestinga es g aanddEWSS With C
management jointly by the Centre and StateGovt.
Small streams/ rivulets managed by theStates8

910

11

Natural Hazard & Vulnerability Profileof India

12

Hazard Vulnerability• IIndian
di Subcontinent
S b tit : amongstt theth world’s
ld’ mostt disasterdi tprone areas• 58.6% of land vulnerable to earthquakesq• 68% of cultivable area is prone to drought• 8.5% land vulnerable to cyclones – 5700 KMs out of 7516
KM off coastlineKMsli• 12% land vulnerable to floods• Around 15% area is prone to landslides (0.49(0 49 million Sq.
SqKMs) – around 20 states are affected by various degree• Himalayan states are prone to snow-avalanche, and flashfloods• Heat and Cold waves affect northern part of country everyyear
1314

Frequency of Disasters• Severe floods –every year
• Severedroughts –every 2-3 years• Earthquakes ?

1516

Indian Seismicity• Several large earthquakes in Himalaya in last 200 years– M8+ Kumaon earthquake,
earthquake 1803
– M7.7 Kathmandu earthquake, 1833
– M8.1 Shillong earthquake, 1897
– M7.8 Kangra earthquake, 1905
– M8.2 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, 1934
– M8.5 Arunachalh l Pradeshd h earthquake,hk 1950

• But,
But none during the last 60 years…

17Earthquake
qRiskand Nuclear PowerPlants in India

18

Historyy of Tsunami in India

1920

Majorj TropicalpCycloneyDisasters

21

22

Flood Damages in India

2324

History of Drought in India

25

26

Number of Heat & Cold Waves in India
Heat Waves

Cold Waves

27

Past Incidents of Tornadoes

28

29

Top 10 Natural Disasters in India Top 10 Natural Disasters in India
period 1900 to 2013 for the pperiod 1900 to 2013
for the psorted by numbers of killed:sorted by numbers of total affected
people:Disaster

Date

No Killed

DisasterDate

No Total
Affected

Epidemic

1920

2 000 000
2,000,000

Drought

Jul-2002

300 000 000
300,000,000

Drought

1965

1,500,000

Drought

May-1987

300,000,000

Drought

1942

1,500,000

Drought

1972

200 000 000
200,000,000

Epidemic

1907

1,300,000

Flood

8-Jul-1993

128,000,000

Drought

1900

1 250 000
1,250,000

Drought

Jun-1982

100,000,000

Epidemic

1920

500,000

Drought

1965

100,000,000

Drought

Apr-2000

50,000,000Epidemic

1926

423,000

Flood

21-Jun-2002

42,000,000

Epidemic

1924

300,000

Storm

1935

60,000Flood

Jul-1975

34,000,000

Storm

14-Oct-1942

40,000Flood

Aug-1982

33,500,000

Source: www.emdat.be/Top
p 10 Natural Disasters in India for the pperiod 1900 to 2013
sorted by economic damage costs
Disaster

Date

Damage (000 US$)

Flood
Flood
Fl d
Flood
Earthquake

8-Jul-1993
28-Jul-2006
24 J l 200524-Jul-2005
26-Jan-2001

7,000,000
3,390,000
3 330 000
3,330,000
2,623,000

Storm

28-Oct-1999
28
Oct 1999

2 500 000
2,500,000

Flood

20-Jun-2004

2,500,000

Floodl d28-Jun-2005

2,300,000

Storm

25-Aug-1990

2,200,000

Flood

25-Sep-2009

2,150,000

Flood

18-Sep-2010

1,680,000
Source: www.emdat.be/

Natural Disaster Occurrence Reported (1980-2010)(1980 2010)

Source: www.emdat.be/Impact
pof Disasters ((1980-2010))% age of People Reported Killed
by Disaster Type% age of People affected by
Disaster Type

Source: www.emdat.be/

Estimated Economic Damages reported by disaster type(1980 2010)(1980-2010)

Source: www.emdat.be/Year-wise damage caused by floods,
cyclones storms, landslides, etc.

35

Losses due to disasters

36

37

Source: www.preventionweb.net

Type of Vulnerability/Risk

Class

Number/Degree

Vulnerability Index

7300

Absolute Risk
Relative Risk
MMortality
li Ri
Riskk IIndex
d1079> 3000
10-30
M j
Major

Source: www.preventionweb.net

Current System
yof DRM in India

40

Legal Framework• Activity
A i i based
b d reactivei
set-up to a proactive
institutionalized setup;• From single faculty
domain to a multistakeholder set-up;p• From a relief based
approach to a ‘multidimensional pro-active
holistic approach for
reducing
d i risk’.
i k’41

Disaster Management Structure••••••••••

Authorities

Levels of Disasters

National Authority – NDMA
Advisory Committee
National Executive Committee
Sub Committees
Sub-Committees
NIDM
NDRF
State Authority – SDMA
State Executive Committee
District Authority – DDMA
Local Authority• L1 – Local/district level• L2 – State responsep• L3 – National response42Disaster Managementg
Structure in India

4344

Ministries Responsible
pfor Various Kinds of Disasters

Earthquake and Tsunami

MHA/Ministry of Earth Sciences/IMD

Floods

MHA/Ministry of Water Resources/CWC

Cyclones

MHA/Ministry of Earth Sciences/IMD

Drought
hMinistryi ioff Agriculturei lBiological Disasters

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Chemical Disasters

Ministry of Environment and Forests

Nuclear Disasters

Ministry of Atomic Energy

Air Accidents

Ministry of Civil Aviation

Railway Accidents

Ministry of Railways
45

Institutional Framework at Ministerial Level, GOI(Drought Management)

46

47

Monitoring of Hazards (An Example)

48

Forecasting and Early Warning (An Example)

49

Major
j DRR Project/Schemesj /Sr. Name of the Project/Scheme
NoNo.

Budget (inMillion US $)1.

Training and Capacity Building for Disaster Response (FC-XIII)

105

2.
3.
4.
5.

Strengthening of Fire Services
Revamping of Civil Defence System
Disaster Response Fund
Allocation to Hazard Proofing Sectoral Development Investments(e.g. Transport, Agriculture, Infrastructure, etc.)

94206717
265

6.
6
7.
8.
9
9.
10.

National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project
GOI-UNDP Disaster Risk Reduction Programme (2009-12)
Strengthening of Fire Services
N tiNationallS
Schoolh l Safety
S f t ProgrammeP
Disaster Management Support Programme (ISRO) & USAID
funded DRM

300204051
9.7

11.
1112.

NationalNil Emergency
ECommunication
Ci i PlanPl forf NDRF
Flood Management Programme

15320050

Myy Organization
O ga a o anda d Job Responsibilities
espo s b es
• Himachal Pradesh – a State of Indian Republic• DM through SDMA and DDMAs and Departments• I belong to Himachal Administrative Services (HAS)• Presently posted as Joint Secretary to the Govt
Govt. of HP
in HP Secretariat, Shimla (the State Capital).
• My
M Role – Policy
Polic and Planning
Planning.
• My Topic: Current ERS in the Country and Model ERS
based on International Best Practices.

51

SSuggestions/Comments?
ti /Ct?

52