Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

Subaru High-z Exploration ofLow-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs)
Progress Report

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime Univ.)
on behalf of the SHELLQs collaboration

Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

SHELLQs

Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars

Members
Y. Matsuoka1 (PI)
M. Akiyama2, N. Asami3, S. Foucaud, T. Goto4, Y. Harikane5, H. Ikeda1, M. Imanishi1, K. Iwasawa6, T.
Izumi5, N. Kashikawa1 T. Kawaguchi7, S. Kikuta1, K. Kohno5, C.-H. Lee1, R. H. Lupton9, T. Minezaki5, T.
Morokuma5, T. Nagao8, M. Niida8, M. Oguri5, Y. Ono5, M. Onoue1, M. Ouchi5, P. Price9, H. Sameshima10,A. Schulze5, T. Shibuya5, H. Shirakata11, J. D. Silverman5, M. A. Strauss9, M. Tanaka1, J. Tang12, Y. Toba8
1NAOJ, 2Tohoku, 3JPSE, 4Tsinghua, 5Tokyo, 6Barcelona, 7Sapporo Medical, 8Ehime, 9Princeton, 10Kyoto Sangyo, 11Hokkaido,12ASIAA

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

High-z quasars - Unique probe of the early Universe
Fundamental questions we aim to answer:

Why do supermassive black holes(SMBHs) exist?
✶ When were they born?
✶ What were their seeds?
✶ How did they grow in the early and late epochs of the cosmic history?

How did the host galaxies form and(co-)evolve?
✶ When and how did the first stellar-mass assembly happen?
✶ Did SMBHs impact the host galaxy evolution? If so, how?
✶ Do they mark the highest density peaks of the DM distribution?

When and how was the Universe reionized?
✶ When did re-ionization start and complete?
✶ How did it proceed, as a function of space and time?
✶ What provided the ionizing photons?

and many more!
Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

gr

HSC SSP survey
Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

izyYoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

Bayesian probabilistic selection
Quasar probability: PQ = WQ/(WQ+WD)
WQ (m, det) = ∫ ∫ ρQ (mint, z) Pr (det | mint, z) Pr (m | mint, z) dmint dz
WD (m, det) = ∫ ∫ ρD (mint, tsp) Pr (det | mint, tsp) Pr (m | mint, tsp) dmint dtsp
observed magnitudes
in HSC + NIR bandsgrsource detectionizy→ Spectroscopic follow-up of all the photometric candidates with PQ > 0.1
Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

SHELLQs progress to date
✶ The HSC S16A data release contains ~430 deg2 (S17A contains more) of the Wide
fields, with more than a single exposures in the i, z, and y bands.
✶ Spectroscopic follow-up is underway: >100 HSC sources have been identified so far.

10 nights in S15A-S16A normal programs → ~80% clear
20 nights in S16B-S18A intensive program- Sep 2016 (2 nights) → ~70% clear- Dec 2016 (2 nights) → 0% (storm; no access to the summit)- Jan 2017 (1 night) → ~50% clear- Mar 2017 (3.5 nights) → 100% clear- Apr 2017 (1.5 nights) → 0% (wind-screen trouble)- May 2017 (0.5 night) → 100% clear- Sep 2017 (5 nights) → 100% clear- 5 more nights in S18A semester✔ GTC/OSIRIS and Gemini/GMOS-S: for brighter candidates than FOCAS targets✔ Subaru/FOCAS:

Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

We are finding A LOT…
J1429-0104 (z = 6.8)

J1205-0000 (z = 6.75)

J0921+0007 (z = 6.56)

J1545+4232 (z = 6.50)

J1004+0239 (z = 6.41)

Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

We are achieving full success!
Surveycompleteness✶ We discovered ~70 quasars at 5.9 < z < 6.9 so far (Matsuoka+16,17,18).
✶ 29 quasars with zAB < 24 mag at z < 6.5 constitute our “complete sample” now.
→ luminosity function, and the contribution to cosmic reionization
Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

Multi-wavelength follow-up observations✶ BH mass measurements(led by M. Onoue)✓ VLT/X-shooter (16B)✓ Gemini/GNIRS (FT + 17A)
✓ Subaru/MOIRCS (18A)✶ Extremely-luminous Lyα objects(led by M. Onoue & N. Kashikawa)✓ VLT/X-shooter (18A)✶ Star formation, dust, and mass of thehost galaxies (led by T. Izumi)✓ ALMA Band 6 (Cycles 4 & 5)

✶ Proposals being considered✓ JVLA … radio properties (led by C.-F. Lee)
✓ JWST … host galaxies (led by YM & T. Izumi)
BH mass (led by M. Onoue)
nature of extremely-luminous Lyα objects (led by T. Nagao)
dust torus (led by Y. Toba)
Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)

Yoshiki Matsuoka (Ehime U.)

What’s next? (from discovery viewpoint)z = 7.54 quasar (Banados+17)

z = 7.09 quasar (Mortlock+11)First systematic exploration of quasars at z ≿ 7(perhaps with FOCAS + NIR spectrograph)

Subaru User’s Meeting 2017 (Mitaka, Japan; Jan 17-19, 2018)