医学部専門予備校メルリックス英進館 医学部専門予備校 YMS 医学部進学予備校メビオ

解答速報

医学部専門予備校

福岡校

藤田医科大学（前期） 英語

2021年 1月21日実施

࣐࣮ࢡゎ⟅

第１問
第２問
第３問

12

3

4

5

6

(4)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(4)

(3)

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

(5)

(1)

(4)

(3)

(5)

(6)

(3)

(7)

15

16

17

18

19

20

(4)

(1)

(4)

(1)

(4)

(2)

グ㏙ゎ⟅

第４問
ၥ㸯

࣐ࣖࡢேࠎࡣ㎮◁࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㉥Ⰽࡢ㢦ᩱ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿሬᩱࢆ≉࡟ዲࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊᐑẊࡸᑎ㝔ࡢቨ⏬ࡸእቨࡢሬ⿦࡟⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㎮◁ࡣỈ㖟ࢆྵࡴ᭷ẘ≀㉁࡛ࠊᩘୡ⣖࡟ࢃࡓࡾࡑࡇ࠿ࡽỈ㖟ࡀⁱࡳฟࡋࠊഴᩳ
ࡀࡘ࠸ࡓᗈሙ࡟ὶࢀฟ࡚ࠊ㈓Ỉụ࡟ὶධࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

ၥ㸰୍⯡ⓗ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷࡢỈởᰁ࡛኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢࡣ㈋ᅔᒙ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ
Tikal ࡛ࡣࠊᐑẊࡸ୺せ࡞ᑎ㝔࡟㞄᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㈓Ỉụࡀởᰁࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊᨻ἞ࡸ⚍♭ࡢ୰ᚰᆅ࡛ࠊࡑ
ࡢ㈓Ỉụ࠿ࡽỈࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᨭ㓄⪅ᒙࡀỈ㖟ởᰁࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࠋ(ูゎ)୍⯡ⓗ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷࡢỈởᰁ࡛኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࡢࡣ኱᢬㈋ᅔᒙ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊTikal ࡛Ỉởᰁࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࡢࡣࡴࡋࢁᨭ㓄⪅ᒙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࠋၥ㸱㈓Ỉụ࡟㞄᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᐑẊࡢྎᡤ࠿ࡽฟࡓṧ㣤ࡀ㈓Ỉụ࡟ὶධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛኱㔞ࡢࣜࣥ㓟ሷࡀ⏕ࡌࠊᖸࡤࡘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㈓ỈụࡢỈ఩ࡀపୗࡋࠊࡼ࡝ࢇࡔ≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㈓Ỉụࡣ⸴㢮ࡢ⦾Ṫ࡟᭱㐺࡞⎔ቃ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ⸴㢮ࡢ␗ᖖⓎ⏕ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࠋၥ㸲Ỉởᰁࡣࠊࡍ࡛࡟㣗⣊୙㊊ࡸᖸࡤࡘ࡛ⱞࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ Tikal ࡢẸ࡟ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᅔ㞴ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⚄ࠎࢆ႐ࡤࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ύί࡞Ỉ࡜㇏✨ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡣࡎࡢᨭ㓄⪅ࡓࡕࡣࠊẸ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ᭱㔜せࡢ⩏ົࢆᯝࡓࡏ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾࠊᶒጾࢆኻࡗࡓࠋ

ၥ㸳࠸ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

第５問
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

How much we sweat during exercise is due to several factors, including gender, age as well as
temperature and humidity.
(ูゎ) The amount of sweat during workout depends on several factors, such as sex and age aswell as temperature and humidity.
It could be that your sweat may evaporate quickly because you’re exercising in airconditioning, near a fan or outdoors on a windy day.
(ูゎ) A workout in air-conditioned rooms, near an electric fan or outdoors on a windy day
may cause the quick evaporation of sweat.
Sweat itself is generally odor-free; it’s sweat contaminated by certain bacteria that causes
unpleasant odor.
(ูゎ) Sweat itself is generally odorless, and it is the combination of sweat and some bacteriathat raises the stink.
There are also concerns that exposing our skin to silver nanoparticles may pose a health risk,
though there’s no direct evidence for this(ูゎ) There is concern about health risks resulting from skin exposure to silver nanoparticles,
but there’s no direct evidence to support that.

ゎㄝ

➨ၥ

ᩥἲ࣭ㄒἲ 4 ᢥ

ၥ 1.

(4)

“~, not a soul was to be found ~” ࠕ㹼ࡢࡏ࠸࡛ࠊேࡗᏊ୍ேぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ

ၥ 2.

(2)

indulge in ~ࠕ㹼࡟ࡩࡅࡿࠖ

ၥ 3.

(3)

“~ and neither did Kate.”ࠕࡑࡋ࡚ࢣ࢖ࢺࡶྠᵝ࡟㹼࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ
neither[nor] V S ࡛ࠕS ࡶྠᵝ࡟㹼࡞࠸ࠖࡢព࿡ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ

ၥ 4.

(4)

“Let me ~, will you?” ࠕ⚾࡟㹼ࡉࡏ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡏࢇ࠿ࠖ
࿨௧ᩥࡢ௜ຍ␲ၥᩥࡣ “~, will you?” ࡜࡞ࡿࠋၥ 5.

(4)“~ people think they are worse off financially ~”ࠕ㔠㖹ⓗ࡟ᬽࡽࡋྥࡁࡀᝏ࠸࡜ேࠎࡣ⪃࠼ࡿࠖ
worse offࠕᬽࡽࡋྥࡁࡀᝏ࠸ࠖࠊbetter offࠕᬽࡽࡋྥࡁࡀⰋ࠸ࠖ

ၥ 6.

(3)

“The company’s hiring policy is now under review ~” ࠕࡑࡢ఍♫ࡢ㞠⏝᪉㔪ࡣ෌᳨ウ୰࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
under reviewࠕ෌᳨ウ୰࡛ࠖ㸦under +ࠕືస/⾜Ⅽࢆ⾲ࡍྡモ࡛ࠖࠕືస/⾜Ⅽࡢ㏵୰ࠖࢆ⾲ࡍ㸧

➨ၥ

ㄒྃᩚᗎ

ၥ 1.

[8]

[7] (5)(1)

She could not possibly tell her colleagues (the truth.)

not possibly ~ࠕ࡝࠺࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㹼ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖၥ 2.

[9] (4)[10](3)What else but your dog would be (digging up my garden? )what else ࠕ௚࡟ఱࡀࠖ but ~ ࠕ㹼௨እࠖ
ၥ 3.

[11] (5)[12](6)(At that time, he had not yet ) realized how serious a problem that was(.)<how ᙧᐜモ a ྡモ> ࡢㄒ㡰࡟ὀពࠋၥ 4.

[13] (3)

[14]

(7)

(If ~, you) should put them on for the walk back(.) put O on ࠕO ࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࠖ the walk back (home) ࠕᖐᏯࡢ㏵ࠖҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ➨㸱ၥ㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴ၥ 1. ✵ᡤ(࠶)ࢆྵࡴᩥࡢ୺ㄒ “The work” ࡣࠊ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥࡢ “A genomic study” ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᩥ࡟ࡣ
“A genomic study of ~ suggests they did, possibly before the arrival of the first Europeans.” ࡜࠶ࡾࠊthey didࡣࠊ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡼࡾࠕ࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ࡢ᥈᳨ᐙࡓࡕࡀ༡⡿࡟฿㐩ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࢤࣀ࣒◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ᭱ึࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃேࡀゼࢀࡿ๓࡟࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ேࡀ༡⡿࡟฿㐩ࡋࡓࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢෆᐜࡣࠊ✵ᡤ(࠶)ࢆྵࡴᩥ୰ࡢ “earlier evidence that the two groups met and mixed
well before the era of European colonialism.” ࠕ2 ࡘࡢ㞟ᅋࡀ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᳜Ẹᆅ໬ࡉࢀࡿ᫬௦ࡢࡎࡗ࡜๓࡟ฟ఍ࡗ࡚ΰࡊࡾྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ௨๓࠿ࡽ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓドᣐࠖࢆࠕᙉᅛ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚(4) strengthens ࡀṇゎࠋၥ2✵ᡤ(࠸)ࢆྵࡴᩥ୰ࡢ “those sequences” ࡣ➨ 8 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥࡢ “The Native American sequences” ࡛࠶ࡿࠋPalliser, the Marquesas, Mangareva, ཬࡧ Rapa Nui ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠊࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥ⏤᮶ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣࡑࡢሷᇶ㓄ิ࡜ “genomes from people from 15 indigenous groups fromthe Pacific coast of Latin America”

ࠕࣛࢸࣥ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢኴᖹὒᓊ࡟ఫࡴ 15 ࡢᅵ╔㞟ᅋ࡟ᒓࡍࡿேࠎ࠿ࡽ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓࢤࣀ࣒ࠖࢆࠕẚ㍑ࡋࠖ
ࠊࡑࢀࡀࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔ࡢᅵ╔㞟ᅋࡢࡶࡢ࡜᭱ࡶఝ㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚(1) comparing ࡀṇゎࠋ
ၥ3(4)ࠕࢧࢶ࣐࢖ࣔࡣ༡⡿࡟࠾࠸࡚᱂ᇵ᳜≀໬ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃேࡀࡸࡗ࡚᮶ࡿ௨๓࡟࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔࡛ᗈࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡢ sweet potato ௨ୗࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࢧࢶ࣐࢖ࣔࡣ࢔ࣥࢹࢫᒣ⬦࡛᱂ᇵ᳜≀໬ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃேࡀ฿╔ࡍࡿ๓ࠊᩘⓒᖺ㛫࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ࡢ඲ᇦ࡛᱂ᇵࡉࢀࠊ㣗ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋၥ 4. (1)ࠕ༡⡿ࡢ⟁ࡀ࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ࡢᓥ࡟⁻╔ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ேࡀࡲࡎ༡⡿࡟Ώࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠖࠋ➨ 12 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ๓༙ࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ༡⡿໭㒊ࡢᾏᓊ࡟࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ேࡀΏࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ 5. (4)ࠕᙼࡽࡣ࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ே࡜ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࡢ㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ᥋ゐࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡢドᣐࢆぢࡘࡅࡓࠖࠋ➨ 8 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟཯ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥ
⏤᮶ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࡣ▷ࡃࠊ࡯ࡰ࡝ࢀࡶྠ୍࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࡢ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࠊᩘୡ௦࡟ࢃࡓࡿ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞᥋ゐ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡣࡿ࠿᫇࡟୍᫬ⓗ࡞㐼㐝ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍドᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ 6. (2)ࠕ࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ࡢேࠎࡣࠊすὒࡢ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢඛ♽ࢆ㑇ఏᏛⓗ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡢࢆチࡋࡓࡀࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ
ࠋ➨ 13 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥࡢࣟࣥࢢࢲࢵࢩࣗ௨ୗ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜ࡟ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ㒊ศࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ㹼ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㐣ཤ࡟すὒࡢ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡓࡕ࡟♩ࢆḞ࠸ࡓᢅ࠸ࢆཷࡅࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࢆグ᠈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ࡢேࠎࡣࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢඛ♽ࢆ㑇ఏᏛⓗ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟チྍࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡀࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ㄒࡿࡢࡣࣇ࢛ࢵࢡࢫẶ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡶࣁ࣡࢖ࡢඛఫẸ᪘ࡢ⾑ࢆᘬ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ➨㸲ၥ㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ (ͤ௨ୗゎㄝࡢẁⴠ␒ྕࡣࠊၥ 5 ࡛ẁⴠᤄධࢆ⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛ࡢ␒ྕ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ)ၥ 1. Ỉ㖟ࡀ㈓Ỉụࢆởᰁࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋ࡣ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࠿ࡽ➨ 6 ẁⴠ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡟ࡑ
ࡢせⅬࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋձྂ௦ࡢ࣐࡛ࣖࡣⰍࡀ㔜せ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅዲࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡀࠊ㎮◁࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㉥Ⰽࡢ㢦ᩱࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡋࡓሬᩱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋղࡇࢀࡽࡢሬᩱࡣᐑẊࡸᑎ㝔ࡢእቨࡸቨ⏬࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋճ㎮◁ࡣỈ㖟ࢆྵࡴ᭷ẘ≀㉁࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩘୡ⣖࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢᘓ≀ࡢቨ࠿ࡽỈ㖟ࡀⁱࡳฟࡋ࡚㈓Ỉụ࡟ὶධࡋࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ゎ⟅࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ヲࡋࡃ᭩ࡃ࠿ࡣゎ⟅ḍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆぢุ࡚᩿ࡍࡿࠋၥ 2. Tikal ࡢỈởᰁࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷࡢỈởᰁ࡜␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨ 9 ẁⴠ࠿ࡽ➨ 10 ẁⴠ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡟ࡑࡢせⅬࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ
ձղ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡢỈởᰁࡣࡓ࠸࡚࠸㈋ᅔᒙ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
Tikal ࡟タࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㈓Ỉụࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ “the Palace reservoir” ࡜ “the Temple reservoir” ࡢ 2 ࡘࡣࠊᐑẊࡸ୺せ࡞ᑎ㝔࡟㞄᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ճ

ࡑࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢ㈓ỈụࡣࠊTikal ࡢᨻ἞࡜⚍♭ࡢ୰ᚰᆅ࡟Ỉࢆ౪⤥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

մ(ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࢆ⏕άࡢሙ࡜ࡍࡿ)Tikal ࡢᨭ㓄⪅ࡸ㧗఩ࡢഃ㏆ࡓࡕࡢ㣧ᩱỈཬࡧᩱ⌮⏝ࡢỈࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ㈓Ỉụ࠿ࡽ࡯ࡰ☜ᐇ࡟᥇ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

յ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᨭ㓄⪅ᒙࡢேࠎࡀ㣗஦ࡢࡓࡧ࡟Ỉ㖟ࢆᦤྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

௨ୖࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ゎ⟅࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊ≉࡟ Tikal ࡢỈởᰁࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ヲࡋࡃ᭩ࡃ࠿ࡣゎ⟅ḍࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ࡼࡿࡢ࡛ࠊゎ⟅౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ 2 ࡘᣲࡆࡓࠋ
ၥ 3. ⸴㢮ࡀ␗ᖖⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨ 13 ẁⴠ࠿ࡽ➨ 15 ẁⴠ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡟ࡑࡢせⅬࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ

2 ࡘࡢ㈓Ỉụ(“the Palace reservoir” ࡜ “the Temple reservoir”)࡟ࡣ㧗⃰ᗘࡢࣜࣥ㓟ሷࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣜࣥ㓟ሷࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୍⯡࡟ࡑࡢỈࡀ⏕ࡈࡳࡸ⣅ࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ᭷ᶵ≀࡛ởᰁࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊ㈓Ỉụࡣ኱㔞ࡢ⸴㢮ࡀ⦾Ṫࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᰤ㣴ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐࣜࣥ㓟ሷࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿ࠋ230 ᖺ㛫࡛ࣜࣥ㓟ሷࡢ㔞ࡀ 4 ಸ࡟ࡲ࡛ቑຍࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ㈓Ỉụ࡟㞄᥋ࡋ࡚ᐑẊࡢྎᡤࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ஦ᐇ࠿ࡽ᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢྎᡤ࡛ࡣ⋤᪘ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㣗஦ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀ࡛⸴㢮ࡀ␗ᖖⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ⤒⦋ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ‽ഛࡀᩚࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋձ ㈓Ỉụࡣᖸࡤࡘ࡟ࡼࡾỈ఩ࡀపୗࡋࡼ࡝ࢇࡔ≧ែ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋղ ᐑẊࡢྎᡤࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࣜࣥ㓟ሷࡀ㇏ᐩ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋճ ௨ୖࡢ≧ἣࡀࡑࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㈓Ỉụࡣ⸴㢮ࡢ⦾Ṫ࡟ࡣ᱁ዲࡢሙᡤ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ゎ⟅࡜ࡍࡿࠋၥ 4. ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛ “Maya rulers were expected to provide clean water and fertile crops bykeeping the gods happy” ࠊ➨ 2 ᩥ࡛ “the people may have taken ~ as a sign that their rulers had failed inthat all-important duty” ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᨭ㓄⪅ᒙࡀᶒጾࢆኻࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࡣồᚰຊࢆኻࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠕᨭ㓄⪅ᒙࡣ⚄ࢆ႐ࡤࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ύί࡞Ỉ࡜㇏✨ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡣࡎࡀࠊẸ⾗࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ㈐ົࢆᛰࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࡀゎ⟅ࡢ㦵⤌ࡳ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ┤๓ࡢẁⴠࡢ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛ࠊ “The water pollution made life harder forTikal’s residents, who were already struggling with ~” ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡇࢆゎ⟅࡟ຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨࠕ⌧≧㸦㸻Tikal ࡢẸ⾗ࡀㅖၥ㢟࡟ⱞࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ࡜㸧ࠖࠊࠕᮇᚅ㸦㸻ᨭ㓄⪅ᒙࡀຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜㢪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜㸧ࠖࠊࠕ⤖ᯝ㸦㸻ㅖၥ㢟࡟ຍ࠼࡚Ỉởᰁࡲ࡛ຍࢃࡗࡓ㸧ࠖࡢ 3 ࡘ࡟ゝཬࡋ࡚ࠕᨭ㓄⪅ᒙࡢᶒጾኻቒࠖࡢ⌮⏤ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ၥ 5. ᤄධࡍ࡭ࡁẁⴠࡢ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛ࠊ “It had been building up in two of Tikal’s reservoirs for centuries ~” ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊIt ࡢෆᐜ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿ࡜Ⰻ࠸ࠋࡑࡢෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ
ࠕᩘୡ⣖࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㈓Ỉụࡢ୰࡛ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࡢḟࡢ➨ 2 ᩥ࡛ “~ found toxic levels of mercury insediment layers ~ ” ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ It ࡢෆᐜࡣࠕ㈓Ỉụࡢ୰࡛⵳✚ࡋࠊ᭷ẘࡔ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ It ࡢෆᐜࡣࠊ➨ 6 ẁⴠࡢ “mercury” ࠕỈ㖟࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡛ “~ mercury leached out of ~ and flowed straight into its reservoirs” ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࠕỈ㖟ࡀ㈓Ỉụ࡟ὶฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾࠊࡑࡢᚋ࡟ᤄධࡍ࡭ࡁẁⴠࢆධࢀࢀࡤࠊᩥ⬦ࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࠙࠸ࠚࡀ㐺ษ࡞ᤄධ⟠ᡤ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ➨㸳ၥ㛗ᩥ୰࿴ᩥⱥヂၥ 1. ࠕ㐠ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫࡟࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ㔞ࡢờࢆ࠿ࡃ࠿ࡣࠊ ᗘࠊ‵ᗘࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡔࡀࠊᛶูࠊᖺ㱋࡞࡝ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢせᅉ࡟ࡶᅉࡿࠖᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕ㐠ືࠖࡣ exercise / workout ࠊࠕờࢆ࠿ࡃࠖࡣ sweat ࠊࠕᗘࠖࡣ temperature࡞࡝ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠕ‵ᗘࠖࡣ humidity ࠊࠕᛶูࠖࡣ sex / gender ࠊࠕせᅉࠖࡣ factor ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋࠕ㐠ື୰࡟࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ㔞ࡢờࢆ࠿ࡃ࠿ࡣ㹼࡟ࡶࡼࡿࠖࡣ How much we sweat during exercise is due
to … / The amount of sweat during workout depends on …࡞࡝ࠋࠕ㹼ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡔࡀ͐ࡶࠖࡣ … as wellas ~ / …, to say nothing of ~ ࡞࡝࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ၥ 2. ࠕ࢚࢔ࢥࣥࡀຠ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ୰ࡸࠊᡪ㢼ᶵࡢ㏆ࡃࡸࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㢼ࡢᙉ࠸᪥࡟ᒇእ࡛㐠ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
ờࡀࡍࡄ⵨Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕ⵨Ⓨࡍࡿࠖࡣ evaporate ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࠕ࢚࢔ࢥࣥࡀຠ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ୰ࠖ
ࡣ in air-conditioning / in air-conditioned rooms ࠊࠕᡪ㢼ᶵࡢ㏆ࡃࠖࡣ near an electric fan ࠊࠕ㢼ࡢᙉ࠸᪥࡟ࠖࡣ on a windy day ࠊࠕᒇእࠖࡣ outdoors 㸦ᮏᩥ୰࡟ࡣ indoors ࠕᒇෆࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢᑐ⩏ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ㸧ࠊ࡞࡝࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ၥ 3. ࠕờ⮬యࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡟↓⮯࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୙ᛌ࡞⮯࠸ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࡑࢀ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔ࡀΰධࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕ୙ᛌ࡞⮯࠸ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿࠖࡣ cause unpleasant odor ࠊࠕࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔ࠖࡣbacteria ࡞࡝ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࠕờ⮬యࠖࡣ sweat itself ࠊࠕ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࠖࡣ generally ࠊࠕ↓⮯ࠖࡣ
odorless / odor-free ࡞࡝࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࠕఱࡽ࠿ࡢࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔ࡀΰධࠖࡣࠊ(be) contaminated by certain
bacteria ࠊࡲࡓࡣྡモࡢᙧ࡜ࡋ࡚ the combination of sweat and some bacteria ࡞࡝࡜⾲ࡏࡿࠋ
ၥ 4. ࠕ⫙ࡀ㖟ࡢࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿ࡜೺ᗣࣜࢫࢡࢆ⏕ࡌࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᠱᛕࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ドᣐࡣ࡞࠸ࠖᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕ㖟ࡢࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࠖࡣ silver nanoparticles ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࠕ೺ᗣࣜࢫࢡࢆ
⏕ࡌࡿࠖࡣ ~ pose a health risk / health risks result from ~ ࠊࠕ㹼࡜࠸࠺ᠱᛕࡶ࠶ࡿࠖࡣ there is concernthat S V ~ / there are concerns about ~ ࠊࠕ㹼ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ドᣐࡣ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ there is no direct evidence
for ~ / there is no direct evidence to support ~ ࡞࡝࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࠕ⫙ࡀ㖟ࡢࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿࠖࡣ
expose our skin to silver nanoparticles ࠊࡲࡓࡣྡモࡢᙧ࡜ࡋ࡚ skin exposure to silver nanoparticles ࡞࡝࡜⾲ࡏࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨㅮホ
➨ 1 ၥ㹙ᩥἲ 4 ᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ㄒᙡ࣭ᩥἲ࣭࢖ࢹ࢕࣒࢜ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆၥ࠺ᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࠋ➨ 2 ၥ㹙ㄒྃᩚᗎ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧㞴᫆ᗘࡣ౛ᖺ୪ࡳࠋ๪モࡸ๓⨨モࡸືモࡢㄒ㡰࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊཷ㦂⏕ࢆ㏞ࢃࡏࡿせ⣲ࡀከ࠸ࠋ

➨ 3 ၥ㹙ෆᐜ୍⮴㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧

ࠕDNA ࠿ࡽ᥈ࡿ࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ே࡜ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࡢ஺㞧ࡢṔྐࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋタၥࡣ඲࡚ⱥㄒ࡟ኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏᩥ࡟᰿ᣐࢆồࡵࡸࡍࡃᶆ‽ⓗ࡞Ⰻၥࠋ➨ 4 ၥ㹙㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧ࠕ࣐ࣖࡢ㒔ᕷࡀᗫቕ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋタၥࡣఱࢆ⟅࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿᫂░࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᫖ᖺᗘ๓ᮇࡼࡾ኱ᖜ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ➨ 5 ၥ㹙࿴ᩥⱥヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕⓎờ࡜㐠ື㔞ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࡢ୍㒊ࢆ࿴ᩥⱥヂࡍࡿၥ㢟ࠋ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᇶᮏⱥヂࡀせồࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡍ࠸Ⰻၥࠋ㢖ฟࡢࠕ᪥ᮏ⊂⮬ࡢᩥ໬ࠖ࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⛉Ꮫ⣔ࢸ࣮࣐ࡢฟ㢟ࠋㄒᙡࡶᖹ࡛᫆ࠊⱥᩥ୰ࡢ⾲⌧ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࢀࡤᅔࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ࣐࣮ࢡ㒊ศࡣ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᫖ᖺᗘ๓ᮇ୪ࡳࠋグ㏙㒊ศࡢฟ᮶࡛ᕪࡀࡘࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 50㸣

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