Addendum to National Report of Japan for the Seventh Review Meeting
Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management andon the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management

Section K Planned Activities to Improve Safety
K-2 Response to the challenges identified in the 6th review meeting
K-2-5 Management of waste in Fukushima Daiichi plants: implement solutions
for treatment and storage of on-site RW as well as management of liquid
waste, especially tritiated water
The management of solid wastes generated at TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS is basedon the following "basic policies" decided in September 2017.
•Solid waste management should be implemented thoroughly, with containment
and isolation of radioactive materials to prevent their dispersion/leakage andhuman access to them, in order not to cause harmful radiation exposure.

•The amount of solid waste generated by decommissioning is reduced as much as
possible in order to ease the burden of solid waste management.

•

To proceed with study on processing/disposal method of solid waste,characterization of solid waste such as nuclide composition and radioactive
concentration is needed. In addition to the fact that solid waste of TEPCO
Fukushima Daiichi NPS is large in volume, and have varied nuclide compositions,
it is necessary to address an increase in the number of analysis samples and proceed
their characterization properly.

•To dispose of solid waste, it is essential to understand the volumes andcharacteristics of said solid waste, and to establish specifications of disposal facilities
and technical requirements for waste packages (technical requirements for disposal).
However, the volumes and characteristics of solid waste will become clear step bystep, with the future clarification of progress and plan of decommissioning.
Therefore, generated solid waste should be stored safely and reasonably according
to characteristics of solid waste. Storage capacity should be secured to ensure thatthe waste can be stored within the site of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS.

•In order to safely store solid waste, the system for selecting the method of processing
for stabilization and immobilization (preceding processing) will be established, andselecting the method of the preceding processing, before the technical requirementsof disposal are established.

•To efficiently proceed with R&D concerning solid waste management, close1cooperation should be realized between R&D fields such as waste characterization,
processing/disposal. Issues and discussions on R&D should be shared between
parties, and necessary planning made with a bird’s-eye-view of overall solid waste
management, should be progressed collectively.
•In order to continue safe and steady solid waste management, the continuous
operational framework structure including development of adequate facilities andhuman resources, which are concerned with solid waste management, should beundertaken.

•To steadily proceed with solid waste management, it is important to ensure thesafety and health of workers. Therefore, radiation exposure control, safety
management and healthcare programs should be implemented thoroughly basedon the relevant laws/regulations.

Solid waste should be contained by placing it into containers or immobilization in orderto prevent dispersion/leakage. Solid waste has been kept isolated in proper storage areasand has been managed properly by continuous monitoring. To suppress the volume ofsolid waste, efforts should be made to prevent material that will turn into solid wastefrom carrying-in, and to reuse/recycle/reduce its volume of the material.
For secondary waste from water treatment, risk of leakage should be largely reduced.
Slurry generated at the Multi-nuclides Removal Equipment (ALPS) and other water
purification system will be dewatered. Waste sludge generated at the water purification
system in PMB building will be retrieved and transferred to the high place. In parallel,
storage building for secondary waste from water treatment (adsorbent tower and others)
will be installed. Through these measures, temporary storage area for secondary waste
will be eliminated to possible extent and risks will be decreased as soon as possible. The
storage methods for solid waste to be generated along with fuel debris retrieval will becarried out as per the study on fuel debris retrieval/storage methods.
The specific waste management practices implemented by TEPCO as reported in A3-1.
TEPCO has been making efforts to reduce the risks associated with the continuously
generated contaminated water at TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS. Measures have beentaken to reduce the amount of contaminated water using multi-layered approaches
including the construction and operation of sub-drains and the land-side impermeablewalls (frozen soil walls). In addition, after radioactive materials are removed from the2contaminated water to the maximum extent by using the ALPS and other facilities, thetreated water has been stored in tanks at the site of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS.
Meanwhile, the decommissioning work including developing concrete plans for fueldebris retrieval has been progressing steadily, while maintaining and managing thestable state of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS. Going forward, essential and mostchallenging decommissioning measures, such as removing fuels from the spent fuelpools of Unit 1 and 2 and retrieving fuel debris will start. To advance those efforts safelyand steadily, the site area of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS must be utilized in the mosteffective way. The current situation where the tanks and their piping facilities that store
the water occupy increasingly large areas of the site can be a critical bottleneck in futuredecommissioning work, unless their placement is reviewed.
Since 2013, experts have been studying the issue for about six years and have compiledreports. In addition, after hundreds of meetings and careful discussions, theGovernment of Japan announced "Basic Policy on handling of ALPS treated water at theTokyo Electric Power Company Holdings’ Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station"in April 2021. As for the method of discharge, considering the successful precedence inJapan, as well as in conducting secure and sound monitoring and others, theGovernment selected discharge into the sea. TEPCO, the company conducting thedischarge, will submit plans for the discharge. The discharge into the sea is subject to thenecessary approval from the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA), an independent bodythat makes decisions based on the latest scientific and technical information. The actual
discharge is envisaged to be launched approximately after two years fromannouncement of basic policy. TEPCO will comply with the regulatory standards
stipulated in the Reactors Regulation Act, which has been set based on therecommendations of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in
order to ensure safety of the public and surrounding environment from all of theradionuclides. By taking such measures, the safety of the public, environment,
agricultural, forestry and fishery products and others in the surrounding areas will beensured as it has been to the present. Furthermore, the Government and TEPCO will
strengthen and enhance monitoring before and after the discharge by activities including
newly introduced monitoring of tritium at fishing ground, swimming beaches and otherareas. For these monitoring activities, objectivity and transparency will be ensured bysuch activities as i) securing credibility of analytical capability by interlaboratories
comparison project with the cooperation of IAEA, ii) having participation andobservation by agriculture, forestry, fisheries, local municipalities and other businesses3

to the TEPCO’s monitoring activities such as sampling and analysis, and iii) providing
confirmation and advice to sea area monitoring activities by a newly established experts
committee.
Furthermore, considering relevant international law and international practice,measures will be taken to assess the potential impact on the marine environment, and toascertain the environmental situation through continuous monitoring stated above after
the discharge. The Government will seek to foster understanding of the general public
as well as international community through ensuring a high degree of transparency bymaking the information regarding the impact on the environment to the public in atimely manner.

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