Research and Innovation Action

5G-Enhance
5G Enhanced Mobile Broadband Access Networks in
Crowded Environments

D2.1 - Use Cases: Detailed Specification
Contractual Delivery Date:

31-12-2018

Actual Delivery Date:

27-12-2018

Work Package

WP2 - Unified use cases, trial scenario, and specifications
between EU and Japan (RTD)

Responsible Beneficiary:

FHG

Contributing Beneficiaries:

Accelleran, UOULU, VTT, FHG, NICT, TUAT, UEC, CATV

Dissemination Level:

PublicVersion:

V10

PROPRIETARY RIGHTS STATEMENT

This document contains information, which is proprietary to the 5G-Enhance Consortium.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme under grant agreement No 815056.

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PROPRIETARY RIGHTS STATEMENT

This document contains information, which is proprietary to the 5G-Enhance Consortium.

Document ID: WP2 / D2.1

Document Information
Document ID:
Version Date:
Total Number of Pages:
Abstract:

Keywords:

D2.1
27-12-2018
39
This document investigates use cases of 5G networks with
eMBB for ultra-dense small cell scenario. The wide range of 5G
wireless services based on the scenario requires flexibility andscalability in the wireless network design and spectrum resource
management.
5G-Enhance, use cases, large scale trials, radio accesstechnologies (RAT), eMBB, micro-operator, dynamic TDD,
multi-connectivity, vRAN

Authors
Full Name

Beneficiary /Organisatione-mailRole

Mikhail Smirnov

FHG

EditorSatya Joshi

VTT
TUAT
UOULU

mikhail.smirnov@fokus.fraunhof
er.de,
marc.emmelmann@fokus.fraun
hofer.dehaesik.kim@vtt.fi
ume_k@cc.tuat.ac.jp
satya.joshi@oulu.fi

Ville Niemelä

UOULU

ville.niemela@oulu.fi

Contributor

Accelleran@accelleran.com

Contributor

Marc Emmelmann
Haesik Kim
Kenta Umebayashi

UEC
Stanislav FilinContributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor

Contributor

NICT

sfilin@nict.go.jp

Contributor

Full Name

Beneficiary /Organisatione-mailDate

Prof. Koji Ishibashi
Bjorn Riemer

UEC
FHG

20 Dec.2018
19 Dec. 2018

Prof. Koichi Adachi

UEC

koji@awcc.uec.ac.jp
bjoern.riemer@fokus.fraunhofer.deadachi@awcc.uec.ac.jp

Reviewers

Dissemination Level: Public

19 Dec. 2018

Page 3Document ID: WP2 / D2.1

Version history
Version
V01
V02
V03
V04,05V06

Date
26 July 2018
28 August 201804 November 201812 December 201820 December 2018

Comments
The first content and TOC
Some comments and edits
Update in TOC and contents (WP3 and WP4 requirements)
New sections, Delphi analysis results are completed
Reviewers' comments are addressed, version ready for PMT approval

V10

27 December 2018

Final version

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Document ID: WP2 / D2.1

Executive Summary
The main objective of D2.1 entitled "Use cases: detailed specification"is to investigate use
cases of 5G networks with eMBB for ultra-dense small cell scenario. The wide range of 5G
wireless services based on the scenario requires flexibility and scalability in the wirelessnetwork design and spectrum resource management. Additionally to the study of technicalrequirements the document presents the survey of use cases of 5G networks andcategorization of use cases, defines and specifies the project specific plan for the trial
scenarios for the target use cases.
The first application is 3D remote class for a real-time surgery that will be implemented in the
Demo-1 (Trial 1); this will require very high data rate, and supporting many users with low
mobility.
The second application is ad-hoc outdoor sport event to be implemented in the Demo-2 (Trial2); this will require high data rate and supporting a massive number of users with highmobility.
Integrated trial between Japanese and European partners will demonstrate theinteroperability between Japanese and European platforms, which will further improve thecollaboration between Europe and Japan.
5G-Enhance will develop innovative mobile broadband technologies in order to enhanceexisting solutions towards better provision of 5G KPIs in dense eMBB scenarios. 5GEnhance employs two key components, namely flexible and scalable network design andimplementation and enhanced spectrum resource management. The technologies
involved include spectrum management, micro-operator, network management, dynamic
TDD and multi-connectivity.

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List of tables
Table 2-1 5G-ENHANCE target metrics...............................................................................15
Table 4-1 User experience requirements [6] .........................................................................23
Table 4-2 5G PPP KPIs and 5G-Enhance contributions .......................................................24
Table 4-3 Use case mapping ................................................................................................24
Table 4-4 Mapping of research activities, project target KPIs, trial and use cases ................29
Table 5-1 WP3 Requirements ..............................................................................................32
Table 5-2 WP4 Network Sharing Requirements ...................................................................32
Table 5-3 WP4 Spectrum Sharing Requirements .................................................................34

List of figures
Figure 1 5G-ENHANCE Concept ..........................................................................................13
Figure 2 VTT and CWC 5G Platform ....................................................................................16
Figure 3 FHG Platform .........................................................................................................17
Figure 4 Integration of Accelleran's vRAN Cluster with FHG Open5GCore...........................18
Figure 5 Key elements of Japanese trial platform .................................................................19
Figure 6 Demonstration in Japan..........................................................................................22
Figure 7 ITU IMT2020 use cases and initial 5G deployment position [8]. ..............................22
Figure 8 5G use case categories definition for broadband access [6] ...................................23
Figure 9 Development of Spectrum Measurement System for Smart Spectrum Access .......25
Figure 10 Spectrum usage model for smart spectrum access ..............................................26
Figure 11 Time Series Analysis of Multiple Access Points by Cooperative Sensing based on
SDAR Algorithm. ..................................................................................................................26
Figure 12 Construction of Spectrum Database using HMM in Environment with Multiple
Primary User ........................................................................................................................27
Figure 13 Spatial Spectrum Sharing among Micro Operators considering distribution on
spectrum database ...............................................................................................................28
Figure 14 Computational Capability and Radio Resource Allocation for mobile edge
computing.............................................................................................................................28
Figure 15 Aggregate-Compression-Aided Subcarrier In-phase/Quadrature-phase Index
Modulation............................................................................................................................29
Figure 16 The Delphi workflow (from [12]) ............................................................................31
Figure 17 The importance of requirements ...........................................................................35
Figure 18 Difficulty of the requirements ................................................................................36
Figure 19 Criticality of the requirements ...............................................................................37

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Table of Contents
List of tables ............................................................................................................ vi
List of figures ........................................................................................................... vi
1.

Introduction ..................................................................................................... 11
1.1
1.2
1.3

2.

Project Outline ................................................................................................. 12
2.1
2.2
2.3

3.

Purpose of the document ...................................................................................11
Structure of the document .................................................................................11
Target Audience ..................................................................................................11

5G-ENHANCE Concept and Methodology .........................................................12
5G-ENHANCE Objectives ...................................................................................14
5G-ENHANCE Main Innovations ........................................................................15

Platforms and Use Cases ............................................................................... 16
3.1
VTT and CWC 5G Test Networks .......................................................................16
3.2
FHG Platform .......................................................................................................16
3.3
Accelleran Test Platform ....................................................................................18
3.4
Platforms in Japan ..............................................................................................18
3.5
EU-Japan Trials Scenarios .................................................................................20
3.5.1 1st demonstration: 3D remote class for a real-time surgery in Oulu, Finland ......20
3.5.2 2nd demonstration: ad-hoc outdoor sport event ..................................................21

4.

Categorisation and analysis of use cases .................................................... 22
4.1
eMBB in 5G ..........................................................................................................22
4.2
Mapping among technologies, trials and use cases ........................................23
4.3
Current research activities .................................................................................25
4.3.1 Development of Spectrum Measurement System for Smart Spectrum Access[TUAT] 25
4.3.2 Spectrum usage model for smart spectrum access [TUAT] ...............................25
4.3.3 Time Series Analysis of Multiple Access Points by Cooperative Sensing basedon SDAR Algorithm [UEC] ............................................................................................26
4.3.4 Construction of Spectrum Database using HMM in Environment with Multiple
Primary User [UEC] .....................................................................................................27
4.3.5 Spatial Spectrum Sharing among Micro Operators considering Distribution on
Spectrum Database [UEC]............................................................................................27
4.3.6 Computational Capability and Radio Resource Allocation for Mobile Edge
Computing [UEC]..........................................................................................................28
4.3.7 Aggregate-Compression-Aided Subcarrier In-phase/Quadrature-phase Index
Modulation [UEC]..........................................................................................................29
4.3.8 Summary of current research activities .............................................................29
4.4
Setting priorities within the requirements .........................................................30

5.

5G-ENHANCE Requirements .......................................................................... 31
5.1
5.2
5.3

WP3 Requirements .............................................................................................31
WP4 Requirements .............................................................................................32
Evaluation outcome ............................................................................................34

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6.

Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................ 37

References .............................................................................................................. 39

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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Term

Description

3GPP

3rd generation partnership project

5G

5th generation wireless systems

5G PPP

the 5G infrastructure public private partnership

5GTN

5G test networkAP

access point

AR/VR

augmented reality / virtual reality

BSbase station

CSI

channel state informationDL

downlink

DSA

dynamic spectrum access

D-TDD

dynamic time division duplexing

E2E

end-to-end

eMBB

enhanced mobile broadband

eMBMS

evolved multimedia broadcast multicast serviceHDhigh definition

HMM

hidden Markov model

IoTInternet of things

ITU-R

international telecommunication union radio communication sector

KPI

key performance indicator

LoRA

long range [access network]LTElong term evolution

MEC

multi-access edge computing

mMTC
MNO

massive machine type communication

MPTCP

multipath transmission control protocolNR

new radio

NFV

network functions virtualisation

NPBM

non-parametric Bayes model

OFDM

orthogonal frequency-division multiplexingPU

positive unlabeled learning

QoS/QoE

quality of service / quality of experience

RAT

radio access technology

RRU

remote radio unit

QoS

quality of service

RAN

radio access network

RSSI

received signal strength indicatorSIMsubcarrier index modulated [signal]

SDAR

sequentially discounting autoregression learning

SINR

signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio

SotA

state-of-the-art

mobile network operator

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TDD
uO

time division duplexingUEuser equipment

UL

uplink

URLLC

ultra-reliable low-latency communication

VRvirtual reality

vRAN

virtual RAN

WLAN

wireless local area network

micro operator

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1.Introduction
One of the three major usage scenarios for 5G defined by the ITU-R is eMBB, which
presents new application areas and requirements in addition to existing mobile broadband for
improved performance and an increasingly seamless user experience [ [1]]. The eMBB
usage scenario covers both wide-area coverage and hotspot cases, which have different
requirements. The hotspot case includes high user densities, and requires very high traffic
capacity and user data rates, while the requirement for mobility is low. For the wide-areacoverage case, seamless coverage and medium to high mobility are desired [1].
1.1 Purpose of the document
This document summarises the outcome of the activities performed in Task 2.1, the first taskof the 5G-ENHANCE project, and aims to specify in detail the envisaged 5G Use Cases thatwill be later in the project implemented as trials. Use Cases specification methodology
includes the specification of requirements together with the target KPIs that shall bemeasured as a means to validate the advancements achieved. The topics addressed
include:· The capabilities of the overall 5G-ENHANCE trial environments, as exhibited by theindividual platforms and their possible physical interconnections;· The description of the use cases and the identification of the requirements together
with setting their priorities as seen by the individual platforms;· The mapping between the 5G use case families, project specific use cases andinvolved technologies;· The identification/definition of the generic KPI's that will be validated during theexperiments on a per trial/platform basis.
· This document is the starting deliverable of the 5G-ENHANCE project; hence it also
provides a necessary overview of the project, including its scope and objectives andhighlights the potential innovations. The technological solutions that are considered in
5G-ENHANCE will help the project to build on the existing technologies and go
beyond them.
1.2 Structure of the document
This deliverable is devoted to the definition the 5G-ENHANCE trial environments
requirements and contains the following main sections:· Section 2 refers to project main concept and methodology, specifies its technicalobjectives and outlines major expected innovations.
· Section 3, first, presents the existing platforms in EU and Japan, second, defines the use
cases that shall be used to demonstrate and trial the promised capabilities and evaluate
the respective KPI's, and, third, briefly describes the two trials.
· Section 4 categorises the project use cases by providing an overview of eMBB in 5G, byestablishing the mapping among technologies, trials and use cases; it also describes themethodology used to set the priorities within the requirements.
· Section 5 provides expert evaluatioin of the three groups of requirements identified in
WP3 and WP4 and highlights those requirements that exhibit the highest importance,difficulty and criticality.
· Section 6 summarises the main findings of the work performed in Task 2.1

1.3 Target Audience

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The content of this document will be useful to:· The 5G-ENHANCE project partners to validate that all objectives and proposed
technological advancements have been sufficiently studied and that identified
requirements are correctly evaluated in terms of their feasibility and innovation potential,
and that subsequent steps are sufficiently planned.
· The document seeks to establish a consensus within the Consortium on:o the 5G-ENHANCE target use cases,o the technologies to be utilized, extended and demonstrated per platform,
o The reference architecture of the trial environment.
· The European Commission, EU National 5G projects, 5G-PPP Phase 1 and Phase 2
projects and relevant Japan National authorities (MEXT, MIC, SIP) and projects to:o summarise the 5G-ENHANCE scope, objectives and intended project innovations,o understand the 5G-ENHANCE trial environments and target use cases that shallexhibit and measure provided technological advancements,o present the related requirements and associated KPIs that must be tackled toachieve the expected results,
The general public for obtaining a better understanding of the framework and scope of the
5G-ENHANCE project.

2.Project Outline
2.1 5G-ENHANCE Concept and Methodology
The main concept of the projects (see Figure 1, which also shows partner roles in theconcept) is to perform large scale demonstrations/trials focusing on eMBB andspectrum/network sharing in EU and Japan, demonstrating the performance andinteroperability of enhanced .. 5G networks enabled by the three key concepts -(1) microoperator concept, (2) network sharing management, (3) spectrum sharing management - andthe relationship among them.
The first enabling technological concept is Micro operator (uO). 5G can open totally newroles in the future mobile business ecosystem through the introduction of a new uO concept[2], [3] for locally deployed and operated small cell RANs to offer tailored services tocomplement the traditional MNO's offerings. 5G RAN deployed by uO requires locally issued
spectrum access rights which can be accomplished through recently proposed micro
licensing model [3], which would allow different stakeholders to use 5G spectrum locally on ashared basis. It allows the establishment of a large number of local small cell RAN
deployments by different stakeholders such as facility owners to meet the versatile needs ofvertical sectors in specific places with quality guarantees. The micro licensing model opens
the mobile connectivity market by allowing new stakeholders to become uOs and enter themarket that currently do not have spectrum licenses, which can positively contribute tocompetition, innovation and new services. This requires development of techniques forinterference coordination between uOs as well as potential incumbent spectrum users by
combining the ideas from both individual and general authorization regimes to allow dynamic
adaptation to changing interference conditions and different levels of interference protection.
The second enabling technological component is fully dynamic or flexible time division
duplexing (TDD), which is an essential 5G ingredient, e.g., in the 3GPP NR specification,and thus, its potential benefits and implementation challenges should be thoroughly
understood. Dynamic duplexing is a highly promising approach especially in small cell
deployments where the transmit powers, mobile speeds, and the channel propagation delays
are relatively low [4]. In time division duplexing systems, the channel reciprocity can be
exploited to reduce the required channel state feedback. In small cell scenarios, especially,
the amount of instantaneous UL and DL traffic may vary significantly with time and among
the adjacent cells. In such cases, Dynamic TDD allows full flexibility for resources to be
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adapted between UL and DL at each time instant thus providing vastly improved overall
resource utilisation. However, the dynamic variation of resource allocation will change theinterference seen by neighbouring cells and users, drastically complicating the overall
interference management [5]. In particular, this variation can impact systems that employ
coordinated beamforming or cooperative multi-cell transmission, which require sufficiently
reliable CSI between the mutually interfering network nodes [6].

Figure 1 5G-ENHANCE Concept
In the uO environment, the coordination means among mutually interfering uOs is much
more limited than within a single operator. The interference scenarios, however, are very
similar to intra-operator setting using Dynamic/flexible TDD causing highly varying UL-DL
and DL-UL interference between uOs operating on the same frequency band. In suchsetting, multi-antenna interference management mechanisms can be developed and applied
to iteratively learn about the interference due to inter-operator interference.
The third enabling technological component is Multi-connectivity, which has several
advantages, mainly spectrum and technology aggregation and energy efficiency. The UE's
can be connected to AP's points using different technologies and working at different
frequencies. The deployment usually considers a macro BS as an anchor for mobility
management and multiple small access points, possibly with dense deployment, for datatransmission. The advantage in terms of energy efficiency comes from the use of small cells
which are closer to UEs and also from the possibility of micro discontinuous transmission,letting the macro BS to wake up the small access points when needed. Furthermore, multiconnectivity improves the reliability and seamless connectivity in the network; this allows
delivering consistent experience in a highly heterogeneous environment [7]. In the project,multi-connectivity brings additional reliability, throughput and interference mitigation
capability to the network, also in the case of a uO environment.

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The methodological contribution of this document is to achieve the project objectives outlinedin the next section by means of use case analysis addressing functional and non-functional
aspects.
2.2 5G-ENHANCE Objectives
The purpose of the project - to define and evaluate interoperable 5G eMBB and efficient
network solutions in dense area - translates into the following four objectives, for which weoutline the initial implementation plans of project partners...
Objective 1: Develop, plan and execute large scale trial activities on actual testbeds
between EU and Japan.
The plan: the Partners VTT, University of Oulu , Fraunhofer Fokus and Accelleran from theEuropean side and NICT and CATV from Japan side are already in the phase of creating 5G
test Networks that will be used to deploy, test, validate and demonstrate the concepts of 5GEnhance in regard to eMBB in dense areas. The other Japanese partners have a testbed,
which will concentrate on the developments for the enhanced spectrum resource
management. In addition, VTT, Fraunhofer Fokus, and NICT have key-components for the
network sharing/management based on SDN (software defined network) / NFV (network
function virtualization) in the 5G test Networks. One important task in the objective is thedesign of merging the key-components/technologies to fulfil the requirements of a specificapplication. During the later phases of the project the JP and EU partners will build a portableversion of the testbed to be exchanged with the other continent to allow experimentation indifferent environments to prove the interoperability of the developed solution.
Objective 2: Clarify the design and specification required for the demonstration andtrials based on two wireless applications with the 5G network.
The plan: the project partners will focus on two specific applications for eMBB in crowded
environments, i.e., 3D remote class for a real-time surgery and ad-hoc outdoor sport event.
The demonstrations for those two applications are denoted by Demo-1 for 3D remote classfor a real-time surgery and Demo-2 for ad-hoc outdoor sport event. VTT, UOULU and FHG
will lead the Demo-1, and NICT and CATV will lead the Demo-2. First, the technologicalrequirements to enable both applications have to be determined in order to meet the 5G
KPIs. These will also be reflected on the design and specifications of the two
demonstrations. Most partners have experience and their own test networks, therefore
significantly enhancing the feasibility of the project. These requirements will also be used todevelop 5G enhanced mobile broadband technologies, as shown in the next objective.
Objective 3: Development of 5G enhanced mobile broadband technologies in densearea for achieving the requirements (5G KPI) of the two applications.
The plan: since 5G networks based on uO concept require the development of several key
technologies to enable flexibility and scalability in network design/implementation as well as
enhancing spectrum resource management, VTT, Fraunhofer Fokus and NICT will develop
the network sharing/management part, while TUAT and UEC will develop the spectrum
management with support from the University of Oulu, who has knowhow of the uO concept.
Specifically, the concept of smart spectrum, in which TUAT and UEC have worked on in thepast, has the potential to achieve not only reliable spectrum sharing among the macro
operator and uOs, but also to provide efficient spectrum allocation. This approachcorresponds to macro spectrum management. On the other hand, University of Oulu will
investigate micro spectrum management by Dynamic TDD. Through the use of the smart
spectrum technologies, i.e., the combination of spectrum measurement, learning, and the
database, a spectrum usage map in time-space domain in macro scale is created. Such map
provides support for both the network management and the micro spectrum management,such as Dynamic TDD. VTT will investigate 5G multi-connectivity algorithms for improved
throughput and energy efficiency.

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Objective 4: Establish long-term research collaboration between leading industry players,
top research institutes and universities in Europe and Japan.
The plan: i) to align views on 5G network architecture, ii) to prevent further fragmentation in
5G research, iii) to jointly create research results in terms of deliverables, scientificpublications and intellectual properties and iv) to ultimately help Europe and Japan retain thecompetitive edge in the field of mobile communication systems. The achievable synergies
between EU and JP partners are as follows. EU partners are experts in the uO concept,
network management and sharing, and have some expertise on spectrum management. On
the other hand, JP partners have solid expertise in spectrum resource management basedon the concept; smart spectrum and have recently started research on network sharing. By
combining the appropriately combining the strength of each partner, further enhancement in
5G networks can be expected. 5G-Enhance will link with the 5G-PPP activities in EU and 5G
activities in Japan, in particular the architecture and standardization groups, in order toensure the cross-fertilization of the activities.
To quantify target performance the project specified (Table 2-1) its key metrics
Table 2-1 5G-ENHANCE target metrics

2.3 5G-ENHANCE Main Innovations
5G-Enhance will contribute to the solution of the challenges outlined in the Horizon 2020
Industrial Leadership work programme (Topic identifier EUJ-02-2018 Research andInnovation Action (RIA)). The project will in particular tackle the issue of throughput, energy
efficiency, interoperability and reliability improvement for 5G use cases that will be the basisof the future 5G networks. In more details the target innovations are:
· The demonstration of technologies and system interoperability for 5G applications of
eMBB delivery in high density areas: higher data rates in specific local areas, such as
hospital environment, cannot be achieved with current mobile communication
technologies,· innovative end-to-end 5G systems in the form of local micro operator networks using
the 5G test environments developed in Japan and Europe,· usage optimisation of different frequency bands for the establishment of high quality
local 5G networks on a shared basis taking into account both European andJapanese regulatory settings,· provides new business opportunities for stakeholders, especially SMEs, to become
local 5G micro operators.
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3. Platforms and Use Cases
3.1 VTT and CWC 5G Test Networks
VTT and UOULU 5GTN test network as shown in Figure 2 enables the testing of theperformance of new communication technologies and services in a realistic environment.
Due to interconnection between these sites, it is possible to test various scenarios operatingin 2.3 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz frequencies. The network supports all main communication
standards and it is a platform for future 5G system development including Internet-of-Things
technologies and applications. 5GTN test network environment complies with the evolving
specifications of 5G PPP and 3GPP and provides a unified dissemination channel for the
results of the collaborative efforts. As an example new base station prototypes, test mobiles,
multi-network real-time millisecond level IoT services, frequency sharing techniques or
broadband links with beam steering capabilities can be piloted. The main components of thesystem are: air interfaces (up to mmwaves 90 GHz), network management (management of
the software defined networking, virtualization and cloud services), testing technologies (testdata generation and data analytics, performance testing, interoperability testing), simulation,modelling and development tools (including e.g. gitlab and svn version control for softwaredevelopment), data storage, network and cloud services for different projects, computing anddata processing environments. In addition, 5GTN will be strengthened with the Evolved
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) suitable for large-scale media distribution
as well as Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) technologies. In summary, 5GTN offers· Private wireless access networks;· Network QoS/QoE measurement;· Cloud system; and· Various applications and measurement equipment

Figure 2 VTT and CWC 5G Platform

3.2 FHG Platform

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The Fraunhofer FOKUS 5G Berlin (Figure 3) is an end-to-end trial infrastructure locatedclose to the former West-Berlin City centre integrating the latest developments in hardware
and software of 5G prototypes and providing customized, sliced network services to use
cases. The testbed is based on a 100Gbps optic fibre backbone, interconnecting the macronodes (medium scale data centres), edge data centres co-located with micro-base stations
and the macro-base stations. 5G Berlin is connected via dark fibre – with 2x100Gbps link
capacity – to the German-wide dark fibre core network of Deutsche Telekom (TestNET)
enabling German and European wide coupling of remote trial sites as well as the connectivity
to remote 5G Berlin locations.

Figure 3 FHG Platform
The platform comprises of:· Indoor deployment of radio access technologies – providing enterprise-like private
connectivity within the premises of Fraunhofer FOKUS· Outdoor deployment of radio access technologies – providing outdoor large capacity
connectivity in the centre of Berlin.
· Nomadic remote connectivity islands – providing specialized connectivity to use caselocations.
The Fraunhofer FOKUS 5G Berlin is anchored around the Fraunhofer Open5GCore
implementation, a 5G oriented implementation of the core network (currently 3GPP Release
14 and 15). The Open5GCore enables the connectivity service as requested within the 5G
networks:· Enabling connectivity over 5G/4G LTE/NB-IoT/WLAN and LoRA access networks

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·
·
·
·

Providing customized connectivity to the applications
Providing edge-central functionality split depending on the use case scenario and on
the available backhaul
Synchronized edge-central network support for different levels of privacy
Integrated with wireless, high capacity and best effort wired and with satellite
backhauls

The development of new 5G related features is steered by customer demand and the latest
requirements identified in national and international research projects.
3.3 Accelleran Test Platform
Accelleran delivers RAN equipment towards other test beds and trials, as well as commercial
deployments. In the scope of other R&I projects, Accelleran is integrating it’s ‘5G vRAN
Cluster’ framework into the Fraunhofer FOKUS Open5Gcore platform (Figure 4), fordeployment on testbeds like 5G-Berlin, etc.

Figure 4 Integration of Accelleran's vRAN Cluster with FHG Open5GCore
The development strategy involves multiple steps, increasing adding functionality andcapabilities, with the scope of numerous projects. The developments in this project provide
an additional step, focusing on the ambitions of this project and specifically targeted towards
the defined use cases and trials.
A key aspect of the philosophy of the Accelleran 5G vRAN NFV Cluster is that it is acooperative disaggregated framework, supporting pluggable components from 3 rd parties tocreate a ‘best of breed’ solution. This has impact both from a business perspective (enabling
specialist SMEs to cooperate) but also technically by simplifying innovation (e.g. allowing
quick and relatively low cost 5G-NR RRUs to be quickly integrated and tested).
3.4 Platforms in JapanThe key elements of Japanese trial platform are shown in Figure 5 and further described
below.

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Multi-angle video distribution with multi-core roaming
Spectrum
SharingResource
Management
局内

RAN Sharing
Core Network
Macro Operator

Core Network uO1

Spectrum Measurementand Learning
Core-Network
Outsourcing

Core-Network
SharingCore Network uO2

Roaming

Micro
Operator

Edge
Computing

Network Slicing

Link
Aggregation

Application that enables viewing
multi-angle HD video in real-timeVideo
Distribution
Server

DecorderDecorderDecorderSW

DecorderMacro-Operator
Spectrum
Encoderfor
Broadcasting
Community channel/
Hybridcast

Application that enables viewing
multi-angle HD video in real-time

uO2
AP

uO1
AP

SpectrumsensorFixed
CameraApplication that enables viewing
multi-angle HD video in real-time
MobileCameraSpectrumsensorSpectrumsensorFixed
CameraAP shared
by uO1 and uO2

MobileCameraInternet
SpectrumsensorSpectrum Allocation Commands through Internet

SpectrumDB
SpectrumsensorFigure 5 Key elements of Japanese trial platform
Spectrum Sensors:· Sensors consist of multiple high performance spectrum analysers and low cost
Smartphones.
· Sensors will provide to the database servicer provider spectrum related informationsuch as:o Presence of absence of spectral bands
o Received power of each spectral bando Location and time information.
Learning and Modelling:· Developed learning algorithm can obtain useful information, such as statisticalinformation of spectrum usage in time and space domains based on the stored data.
o Spectrum modelo Spectrum map.
Database Service Provider:· One server located in YRP and connected to Internet will contain algorithms for local
spectral allocation to each micro operator (uO) based on:
o uO demands
o uO priorities
o Spectrum regulationso Propagation models
o Spectrum map and usage statistics.
Micro Operator (uO):· Micro operators 1 (uO1) and 2 (uO2) are deployed throughout the race courseo Access points receive spectral allocations from the database.
· Link Aggregation

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o

Users can connect to multiple access points of either the same or distinct uOs
with MPTCP to increase throughput.

This platform will be used to show the advantage of the following technologies developed
within WP4:
· Network sharingo For micro operator deployment· Spectrum measurement and learningo For smart predictive switching and splitting of video traffic between operators· Spectrum resource management based on databaseo For spectrum sharing between micro operators· Link aggregationo For ensuring high QoS for HD video transmission.
3.5 EU-Japan Trials Scenarios
3.5.11st demonstration: 3D remote class for a real-time surgery in Oulu, FinlandThis demonstration covers a scenario in which the students can watch a real-time surgery
remotely in 3D. Specifically, a hospital environment is considered, from which a surgery(real-time video) from the operating theater is streamed to students using the local 5G
wireless network. Students can be in a group (e.g., in a classroom), or remotely. With thisdemonstration, it is envisioned that the students can get an opportunity to learn from realcase scenarios from the hospital operating-room; which otherwise can be available only tofew, if not completely restricted. In such a virtual classroom (3D remote class for a real-timesurgery), the integration of IoT sensors, AR/VR capability can further enhance theeffectiveness of the learning environment.
In addition, real-time 3D surgery stream also enables remote consulting of the surgery. A
surgeon can be located in another country and is capable of watching the operation andprovide advice and comments as the operation is progressing.
3.5.1.1 Outline and purpose of the demonstration
eMBB is one of the three major usage scenarios for 5G defined by the ITU-R [1]], and it isexpected that the deployment of initial 5G cellular infrastructure will be driven by it [8] [9]. The
eMBB usage scenario covers both wide-area coverage and hotspot cases, which havedifferent requirements. The demonstration "3D remote class for a real-time surgery (or,virtual classroom)" is one of the typical example scenario of providing eMBB service in the
hotspot case. The “virtual classroom” demonstration includes higher user densities, andrequires very high traffic capacity and user data rates, while the requirement for mobility islow. The requirements of this demonstration, in general, is also the typical requirements thatenable eMBB services in the hotspot.
In order to accelerate the deployment of 5G, it is envisioned that the initial roll-out of 5G
cellular network will be non-standalone mode of operations, in which the connection isanchored in LTE while 5G NR carriers are used to boost data rates and reduce latency. Thisis then followed by the standalone mode of operation. Thus, it is clear that providing (theabove) requirements for the hotspot case, eMBB service is challenging. The purpose of thisdemonstration is to overcome these challenges, i.e., to show that the 5G hotspot case eMBB
service requirements can be achieved, by performing a trial of "3D remote class for a realtime surgery".
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3.5.1.2 Open issues
In order to develop the virtual classroom demonstration, integration and also thedevelopment of new technological solution methods may require. The adoption of microoperator concept [2], network sharing-management, and spectrum sharing-management
could be some of the key components in this demonstration. Some of the technologicalchallenges, which requires further investigations, in order to support this demonstration arepresented in deliverables D3.1 and D4.1; and these constraints will become clearer as theresearch and development activities of WP3 and WP4 proceed.
From the technical point of view, at least the following challenges have been recognized:· What are the quality requirements for 360-video for teaching and/or remote consulting
vs. what is the capability of current technology; LTE and 5G technologies.
· What is the current technology state of AR/VR glasses considering this use case.
· How many viewing devices is possible to arrange considering the used technology
and its limitations.
What are the requirements for wired connections, for example, the consult/teaching is
streamed to another building or country.
3.5.2 2nd demonstration: ad-hoc outdoor sport event
3.5.2.1 Outline and purpose of the demonstration
We are planning to demonstrate a 5G-Enhance based wireless network service for ad-hoc
outdoor sport event: “Cycling Shimanami 2020” held in Ehime, Japan. The cycling courses
include expressways traveling across the bridges from island to island. The actual service is“multi-angle video streaming”. End-user can select favorite scene from the multiple angles.
The assumed system model is shown in Figure 6. There are several fixed cameras andseveral mobile cameras. A mobile camera is equipped in a bicycle. The cameras are highdefinition camera and it requires high capacity and stable link (eMBB in dense area) to abase station.
There are several issues in this demonstration. The first issue is that the macro operator
cannot support some area since this ad-hoc event will be in rural and broad area. For thisissue, extension of coverage by a micro operator is a promising approach. In this case, theorganizer of cycling event or the service provider will be a micro operator.
A smart spectrum is also going to be implemented in the demonstration. Specifically, thesensors deployed in the service area observe spectrum usages. Learning algorisms tounderstand the spectrum usage aspect in time and space domains are going to be
developed in the project. The information obtained by the learning algorithm is stored in adata-base.
This information can be applied in several ways. In a space domain, a connectivity to a basestation at a certain location is available. Therefore, a mobile camera can connect suitablebase station based on the own location information. In addition, multi connectivity can beenhanced by the information provided by learning algorithm and location information. Theremay be a different micro operator for different service, such as shopping plaza. For an
efficient spectrum utilization, spectrum resource sharing among the micro operators isimportant technology. To enhance the spectrum sharing, we also utilize the information
obtained by the measurement and learning algorithms.

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Figure 6 Demonstration in Japan

3.5.2.2 Open issues
For the 2nd demonstration, there are several issues. For selecting suitable operator, we haveto develop a base station selection based on DB. In addition, we have to investigate how to
implement the multi-connectivity in the demonstration. For the spectrum sharing among
multiple micro operators, spectrum management technique has to be developed.

4. Categorisation and analysis of use cases
4.1 eMBB in 5G
For the convenience of a document reader this section copied from the D3.1 gives a quick
introduction of 5G use cases and some key metrics characterising user expectations.
5G will enable a fully mobile and connected society. To do so, 5G will cover a broad range ofuse cases, which lay within the spectrum of massive machine type communication (mMTC),
enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC)[7]. According to [9], the initial phase of 5G deployments lays at the eMBB-URLLC side of thetriangle closer to eMBB, see Figure 7. eMBB addresses the human-centric use cases [10]. It
aims to improve consumer experience when accessing multimedia content, services anddata and focuses mainly on services with high bandwidth requirements.

Figure 7 ITU IMT2020 use cases and initial 5G deployment position [9].
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Within the families of broadband access, the use cases have been classified in different
categories by NGMN as early as 2015, as shown in Figure 8 [7]. The user experience data
rate, E2E latency and mobility requirements associated to these categories are listed inTable 4-1 [7].

Figure 8 5G use case categories definition for broadband access [7]Table 4-1 User experience requirements [7]Use case category

User experience data rate

Broadband access indense areas
Indoor ultra-highbroadband accessBroadband access ina crowd
50+ Mbps
everywhere
Ultra-low costbroadband accessfor low ARPU areas

DL: 300 Mbps
UL: 50 Mbps
DL: 1 Gbps
UL: 500 Mbps
DL: 25 Mbps
UL: 50 Mbps
DL: 50 Mbps
UL: 25 Mbps
DL: 10 Mbps
UL: 10 Mbps

E2E latency
10 ms

Mobility

10 ms

On demand,
0-100 km/h
Pedestrian

10 ms

Pedestrian

10 ms

0-120 km/h

50 ms

On demand,
0-50 km/h

4.2 Mapping among technologies, trials and use cases
In this section, we present how technology development and trials in 5G-Enhance map intouse cases. There are numerous studies regarding potential use cases as they reviewed in
the previous section. Two use case families (Broadband access in dense area andbroadband access everywhere) are the most relevant ones from potential use cases
described by the NGMN white paper [7].
The first use case family (Broadband access in dense areas) is in-line with the indoor trial(Remote surgery) of 5G-ENHANCE and captures the growing demand of high data rateservices in urban and crowded area. Many people in small and dense areas create heavy
traffic. In 5G systems, a reliable and consistent service in small and dense areas is required.
The first focus is broadband access in the crowded venues use case. This use cases meansthat many users are temporarily located in crowded venues. Cell capacity, throughput, linkreliability, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency and connection density in uplink and downlink
are target KPIs. Among them, throughput and capacity are significantly important. Many
research challenges are associated with this use case family. In 5G-Enhance projects,
flexible TDD, multi-connectivity and spectrum sharing technologies are developed and thesystem performance will be improved.
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The second use case family (Broadband access everywhere) is in-line with the outdoor trial(Ad-hoc outdoor sport event) of 5G-Enhance. 5G-Enhance outdoor trial will be supported bya broadband access service during the cycling event in Ehime, Japan This use case includes
many research challenges: Coverage problem, undesired data stream interruptions andothers. Thus, it is important to achieve consistency and provide all users with enoughperformance. The target KPIs are same as the first use case family. However, this use casedoes not represent any extremes but a minimum guaranteed service. In 5G-Enhance
projects, spectrum measurement and learning, spectrum resource database andmanagement and network sharing and management are developed and the target KPIs will
be achieved.
In [11], the high level KPIs of the 5G PPP are described. 5G-Enhance will contribute to thosehigh level KPIs. Table 4-2 highlights the 5G PPP KPIs.
Table 4-2 5G PPP KPIs and 5G-Enhance contributions
KPIs

Relevance

5G-Enhance contributions

Providing 1000 times Highhigherwirelessarea
capacity and more varied
servicecapabilities
compared to 2010.

5G-Enhance contributes to higher wireless capacity
as follows: (1) Developing link and network leveltechniques to improve the wireless capacity (2)Managing the radio and network resource more
efficiently.

Facilitating very dense Medium
deployments of wirelesscommunication links toconnect over 7 trillion
wireless devices serving
over 7 billion people.

5G-Enhance contributes to high connection density
in different approaches as follows: (1) Managing
spectrum more efficiently and using operated
bandwidth. (2) Reducing the required bandwidth fora given user data rate by flexible TDD. (3)Operating networks by efficient radio and network
resource use.

Creatingasecure, Medium
reliable and dependable
Internet with a “zeroperceived” downtime forservices provision.

5G-Enhance achieves secureconnection by multi-connectivity.

andreliable

Table 4-3 represents how 5G-Enhance research works and trials connect to the use casefamilies and our own use case.
Table 4-3 Use case mapping
5G-Enhanceresearches

5G-Enhancetrials

5G-Enhance
use cases

Flexible TDD

Indoor trial

Remote surgery, Throughput,
Broadbandin Spectralclass room
efficiency

Multiconnectivity

Indoor trial

Remote surgery, Resilience and Broadband
Broadbandin continuity,
access in denseclass room
Throughput
areas

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Target KPIs

Use
families

case

Broadband
access in dense
areas

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Spectrummeasurement
and learning

Outdoor trial

Ad-hocbroadband
service for sport
event

SpectralBroadband
efficiency, Radio accessresource
everywhere
efficiency

Spectrum
Outdoor trial
resource
databaseandmanagement

Ad-hocbroadband
service for sport
event

SpectralBroadband
efficiency, Radio accessresource
everywhere
efficiency

Network sharing Outdoor trial
andmanagement

Ad-hocCost, Flexibility, Broadband
broadband
Reconfigurability accessservice for sport
everywhereevent

4.3 Current research activities
5G-Enhance research activities are in-line with two use cases and contribute to improve thetarget KPIs. The current research activities are as follows:
4.3.1 Development of Spectrum Measurement System for Smart Spectrum Access[TUAT]
Summary: We present (Figure 9) spectrum measurement system (SMS) prototype andmeasurement signal processing (MSP) for smart spectrum access. In the MSP, we haveinvestigated noise floor estimation, fast Fourier transform (FFT) size setting, and postprocessing (signal area estimation) for the accurate spectrum measurements. We areplanning to develop a cooperative spectrum measurement exploiting multiple low-cost
spectrum sensors.

Figure 9 Development of Spectrum Measurement System for Smart Spectrum Access
4.3.2 Spectrum usage model for smart spectrum access [TUAT]
Summary: We investigate (Figure 10) a flexible and scalable spectrum usage model in time
domain for an enhanced dynamic spectrum access (DSA). Specifically, we focus on duty
cycle (DC) as a spectrum usage metric, and observed DC (O-DC) following a stochastic
process. Beta mixture distribution with nonparametric Bayes model (NPBM) is employed andit can make proper model for many kinds of PUs. However, the conventional NPBM has low
accuracy in some cases. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel method called
modified NPBM (M-NPBM) method for setting the parameters properly. We show the validityof the proposed method based on long-term spectrum measurement results.

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Figure 10 Spectrum usage model for smart spectrum access
4.3.3 Time Series Analysis of Multiple Access Points by Cooperative Sensing basedon SDAR Algorithm [UEC]
Summary: We assume multiple APs as transmitters and multiple sensors as receivers (Note:
APs are Wireless LAN and transit ON / OFF randomly), observe AP1 & AP2 mixed signals
by sensors that are arranged in the area, perform “SINR-weighted cooperative sensing” and“SDAR algorithm” to the observation results, and create RSSI maps for each ON / OFF
situation, see Figure 11.

Figure 11 Time Series Analysis of Multiple Access Points by Cooperative Sensing
based on SDAR Algorithm.
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4.3.4 Construction of Spectrum Database using HMM in Environment
with Multiple Primary User [UEC]
Summary of Figure 12:·

Construction of spectrum database (SD) stored time-space information based on
Hidden Markov Model (HMM).

·

Estimation of parameters for each primary user based on HMM·o

Temporal parameters: channel utilization rate, etc.

oSpatial parameters: pathloss exponent, transmit power, etc.

SU cooperates with the constructed SD to allow spectrum sharing of time-space
white space with high efficiency

Figure 12 Construction of Spectrum Database using HMM in Environment with
Multiple Primary User
4.3.5 Spatial Spectrum Sharing among Micro Operators considering Distribution on
Spectrum Database [UEC]
Summary of Figure 13:·

Spectrum sharing among micro operators using spectrum databaseoRadio environment information is gathered by huge numbers of user
equipment to measurement-based spectrum database (MSD)

o

Using
the
accurate
received
micro
operatorsignalpower,
spectrum sharing based on micro operator signal quality metrics such as
the distribution of SINR can be implementedoDesired communication quality in several micro cells is probabilisticallyguaranteed by controlling transmission power of each micro cell

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Figure 13 Spatial Spectrum Sharing among Micro Operators considering distribution
on spectrum database
4.3.6 Computational Capability and Radio Resource Allocation
for Mobile Edge Computing [UEC]
Summary for Figure 14:·

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a promising candidate technology to provide low
latency application serviceo

For MEC application, tasks need to be transferred btween network and mobile
user (MU)o

MEC server needs to be shared by multiple users in wireless systems
Spectrum resource management that will take into account both computing
capability and network capacity is required·

Proposal of a spectrum and computational resource management framework
Two-step radio and computational resources allocation scheme which iteratively
performs bisection search method and Johnson’s algorithm

Figure 14 Computational Capability and Radio Resource Allocation for mobile edge
computing

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4.3.7 Aggregate-Compression-Aided Subcarrier In-phase/Quadrature-phase Index
Modulation [UEC]
Summary for Figure 15:·

Original subcarrier-index-modulated (SIM) signal conveys information via
constellations on active subcarriers and the pattern of active and inactive subcarriers.

·

Our idea is to compress multiple SIM signals by a designed linear transformation toenhance the spectral efficiency.

·

Low-complexity detection based on compressed sensing named DFISTA* isapplicable.

·

Computer simulations show that proposed AC-SIQIM** exhibits the superior
performance to conventional OFDM, SIM***, CS-SIQIM**.

Figure 15 Aggregate-Compression-Aided Subcarrier In-phase/Quadrature-phase Index
Modulation
4.3.8 Summary of current research activities
Each research contributes to the project KPIs and Table 4-4 summarize the contribution.
Table 4-4 Mapping of research activities, project target KPIs, trial and use cases
Project KPIs

5GEnhance
trials

5G-Enhance
use cases

Development of Spectrum Measurement
System for Smart Spectrum Access

Spectralefficiency,
Radioresource
efficiency

Outdoortrial

Ad-hocbroadband
serviceforsport event

Spectrum usage
spectrum access

Spectralefficiency

Outdoortrial

Ad-hocbroadband
servicefor

Research activities

model

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sport event
Time Series Analysis of Multiple Access Radio
Points by Cooperative Sensing based on resource
SDAR Algorithm
efficiency

Outdoortrial

Ad-hocbroadband
serviceforsport event

Construction of Spectrum Database
using
HMM
in
Environment
with Multiple Primary User

Radio
resource
efficiency

Outdoortrial

Ad-hocbroadband
serviceforsport event

Spatial Spectrum Sharing among Micro
Operators considering Distribution on
Spectrum Database

Spectralefficiency

Outdoortrial

Ad-hocbroadband
serviceforsport event

Computational Capability and Radio
Resource
Allocation
for Mobile Edge ComputingRadioresource
efficiency

Outdoortrial

Ad-hocbroadband
serviceforsport event

Aggregate-Compression-Aided
Subcarrier In-phase/Quadrature-phase
Index Modulation

Resilience and Outdoor
continuity
trial

Ad-hocbroadband
serviceforsport event

4.4 Setting priorities within the requirements
The project Task 2.1 "In-depth analysis and determination of use cases" was planned toperform the following ground setting work: (1) survey of use cases of 5G networks, (2)categorization of use cases, (3) study of technical requirements and challenges, architectureand design of the wireless network, (4) specifications of 5G network for each use case, (5)definition and plan of the trial scenarios for the target use cases.
Obviously, to perform part of this work multiple SotA sources should be examined, including
standards bodies such as ITU (in particular for eMBB), 3GPP, NGMN, 5G-PPP, etc.; also
industry, including vendors (Intel, Qualcomm, Nokia, Huawei, Ericsson,, ZTE, Samsung,etc.), Operators (Verizon, T-Mobile, Vodafone, etc.), as well as regulator (FCC, EU, etc.).
Use case analysis is an important part of requirements analysis.
Use case (conventional in IT) definition includes: actor(s), goal(s), scope, levels of
description, stakeholders, post- and pre-conditions, triggers, and extensions.
Use case analysis can also deploy some elements of SCRUM [12]; especially useful seems
the so called use case (product) backlog, because it may include non-functional
requirements and their analysis. As for non-functional requirements it is well known thatexpert evaluation in such cases is the primary tool to achieve consensus between partners.
Hence, the proposal is to combine SCRUM's product (use case) backlog with panel expert
evaluation, which can be performed following the Delphi method [13] sketched in Figure 16.

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Figure 16 The Delphi workflow (from [13])In most of the cases it is enough to run two rounds of this workflow in order to achieve a
consensus - for example on the priorities of items in a use case backlog - between experts
comprising the panel.
Before the Delphi is run the use case owner collects partner inputs for a use case (product)
backlog; inputs can be of any nature relevant to the use case actor(s), goal(s), scope, levelsof description, stakeholders, post- and pre-conditions, triggers, and extensions, etc.
Round 1: Expert panel evaluates each backlog input. Each expert assigns two ranks I and D
from a [0 .. 9] range to each backlog input following the common interpretation
1. I: how important is the input? (0=don‘t know, 1=no importance,.., 9=highest importance)
2. D: how difficult is it to implement? (0=don‘t know, 1=very easy,.., 9=highest difficulty)
Delphi omits ranks I=0 and D=0, computes for each expert input‘s criticality as= Delphi computes average criticality per input as= (  )/ , where N is the number ofexperts that assigned non-zero ranks for this input.
Round 2: Use-case (Product) owner presents to the same expert panel the use-case productbacklog, in which inputs are prioritised by their Ca values
Each expert when received the list of inputs with her/his previous ranks and with averagevalues modifies her/his previous ranks.
Delphi calculations are repeated for modified values, round 2 priorities are considered final
for a considered use case.
The next section presents 5G-ENHANCE requirements and their evaluation by projectexperts. It was deliberately decided that the second round of evaluation - if felt needed - will
be included in the deliverable D2.2.

5. 5G-ENHANCE Requirements
5.1 WP3 Requirements
In WP3 special attentions is given on dynamic TDD, multi-connectivity, and virtual-RAN
technologies in order to develop advanced RAT for eMBB in a high-demand area. The below
Table 5-1 is copied from the D3.1 with the following changes: 1/. the requirements numbering
is now R.x ::= R3.x, 2/. added are the two columns for use-case based evaluation of

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arequirement. Note, that the results of expert evaluation were rounded to two decimal points
independently for each column.

Table 5-1 WP3 Requirements
Numberofrequirem
ent
R3.1

I

Evaluation
DIDThe 5G-Enhance shall support micro-operator
networks
The 5G-Enhance shall support micro-operator
networks that provide coverage in specific highdense area
The 5G-Enhance shall have the capability tosupport an assymetric uplink/downlink traffic that
may arise in high dense area

5,89

5,11

33,78

5,56

5,22

31,11

5,56

6,56

24,28

R3.4

The 5G-Enhance shall have the capability of
supporting dynamic uplink/downlink traffic that
may evolve over a period of time

4,56

6,56

31,67

R3.5

The 5G-Enhance shall allow an intense reuse of
the spectrum in dense areas in order to increase
the spectrum utilization

6,50

7,50

45,88

R3.6

The 5G-Enhance shall have the capability to
manage intra-cell and inter-cell interferences inorder to increase the spectral efficiency

6,17

6,00

32,48

R3.7

The 5G-Enhance shall allow high transmission
reliability

4,78

6,67

33,03

R3.2
R3.3

Requirements description

5.2 WP4 Requirements
WP4 identified two types of requirements, namely network- and spectrum sharing
requirements, which are converted here into two tables, namely Table 5-2 that lists 17
network sharing requirements (R4N.x) from WP4, and Table 5-3 that lists seven spectrum
sharing requirements (R4S.x) from WP4. Note, that the results of expert evaluation wererounded to two decimal points independently for each column.
Table 5-2 WP4 Network Sharing Requirements
Numberofrequirem
ent
R4N.1
R4N.2

Requirements description

The 5G system shall support micro-operator
networks
The 5G system shall support micro-operator
networks that provide coverage within a specificgeographical area

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I

Evaluation
D

ID

5,78

5,56

32,00

5,67

5,67

29,28

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R4N.3

The 5G system shall support unique network
identifiers for micro-operator networks

3,71

6,86

27,20

R4N.4

The 5G system shall support micro-operator
networks as tenant-centric network slices withtraffic, QoS, and service separation between
tenants, e.g., communication services of one
tenant do not interfere with communication
services from another tenant
The 5G system shall support multi-tenancy in a
micro-operator network such that there may be
restrictions on which resources an individual
tenant is allowed to access
The 5G system shall support capability to deploy
micro-operator network in either licensed or
unlicensed bands

5,33

7,56

29,28

5,22

7,56

35,83

5,14

5,29

26,58

Subject to an agreement between theoperators/service providers, operator policies andthe regional or national regulatory requirements,
the 5G system shall support mobility between amicro-operator network and a public PLMN
The 5G system shall be able to expose a suitable
API to provide the information regarding thegeographic location of coverage area (e.g radio
cell sector coverage) to an authorised 3rd party
The 5G system shall be able to expose a suitable
API to provide the information about the allocatedand free network service resources in the network
to an authorised user
The 5G system shall be able to expose a suitable
API for monitoring the resource utilisation of the
network service in a micro-operator network(radio access point and the transport network(front, backhaul) by an authorised 3rd party
A micro-operator network shall be able to expose
a suitable API to allow an authorised 3rd party todefine and reconfigure the properties of offered
5G communication services
The 5G system shall be able expose a suitable
API for an authorised 3rd party application tonegotiate communication service requirements.
The 3GPP system shall support a suitable API for
an authorised 3rd party to provide information
about the required transmission QoS desired for
different granularity of data transmitted of the 3rd
application
The 5G system shall be able to expose a suitable
API to provide the connectivity status andgeographic position of all UEs and their radio
access points to an authorised user

6,83

7,50

48,84

4,71

5,71

30,16

4,29

6,29

29,76

4,57

6,43

31,00

3,50

8,00

31,20

4,00

8,17

31,20

3,83

7,83

33,44

3,43

5,57

20,16

R4N.5

R4N.6

R4N.7

R4N.8

R4N.9

R4N.10

R4N.11

R4N.12
R4N.13

R4N.14

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R4N.15The 5G system shall support a mechanism for a
UE to identify a micro-operator network.

5,14

5,86

33,64

R4N.16

The 5G system shall support a mechanism toallow a UE to select a micro-operator network that
it is authorised to access
A UE shall be able to detect the availability of a
micro-operator network before attempting toaccess a cell of this network.

5,33

5,78

39,67

4,88

6,25

33,60

I

Evaluation
DIDThe 5G Enhance system shall support bothdifferent levels of spectrum access rights ranging
from exclusively licensed to unlicensed spectrum
bands
The 5G Enhance system shall support sub 6GHz
band and mm-wave spectrum band for sharing
the spectrum among the micro-operator networks
The 5G Enhance system shall have the capabilityof supporting dynamic spectrum demand over a
period of time for micro-operator networks

5,56

6,56

38,49

4,13

7,63

34,22

5,25

7,38

39,42

The 5G Enhance system shall have the capability
to mitigate interference from incumbent’s tomicro-operator networks (operating both indoor
and outdoor).
The 5G Enhance system shall have the capability
to protect incumbents while sharing its spectrum
band with the micro-operator networks as definedby the regulators
The 5G Enhance system shall support flexible
spectrum sharing schemes among microoperators and incumbents depending on thevarious parameters gathered by the operators.
The 5G Enhance system shall allow an intense
reuse of the sharing spectrum in dense areas, inorder to increase the spectrum utilization.

6,14

7,57

42,50

7,57

6,00

41,56

6,13

7,63

43,75

5,50

7,50

37,89

R4N.17

Table 5-3 WP4 Spectrum Sharing Requirements
Numberofrequirem
ent
R4S.1

R4S.2
R4S.3

R4S.4

R4S.5

R4S.6

R4S.7

Requirements description

5.3 Evaluation outcome
The results of expert evaluation of all requirements identified by WP3 and by WP4 aresummarized in the three diagrams. Each diagram uses intentionally subjective threshold tohighlight small amount of requirements that are superior in a certain sense. Thus, ourresearch and demonstration activities will be able to concentrate on satisfying therequirements and improving the performances.

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Figure 17 The importance of requirements
Figure 17 demonstrates that in all three clusters of requirements there is one "champion"requirement from the viewpoint of its importance. They are respectively:
R3.5

The 5G-Enhance shall allow an intense reuse of the spectrum in denseareas in order to increase the spectrum utilization

R4N.7

Subject to an agreement between the operators/service providers,
operator policies and the regional or national regulatory requirements, the5G system shall support mobility between a micro-operator network and apublic PLMN
The 5G system shall support a mechanism for a UE to identify a microoperator network.

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Figure 18 Difficulty of the requirements
Contrary to the importance, Figure 18 demonstrates that from the viewpoint of requirements
difficulty the network sharing appears to be the largest challenge; the three "champions" areall within the network sharing cluster of requirements, all three are API-related:
R4N.11
R4N.12
R4N.13

A micro-operator network shall be able to expose a suitable API to allow
an authorized 3rd party to define and reconfigure the properties of offered
5G communication services
The 5G system shall be able expose a suitable API for an authorized 3rdparty application to negotiate communication service requirements.
The 3GPP system shall support a suitable API for an authorized 3rd party
to provide information about the required transmission QoS desired for
different granularity of data transmitted of the 3rd application

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Figure 19 Criticality of the requirements
Finally, Figure 19 makes an integral summary of this analysis, it presents the values of socalled requirements criticality. From this viewpoint again each requirements cluster has its
own "champion requirements". Those are:
R3.5

The 5G-Enhance shall allow an intense reuse of the spectrum in denseareas in order to increase the spectrum utilization

R4N.7

Subject to an agreement between the operators/service providers,
operator policies and the regional or national regulatory requirements, the5G system shall support mobility between a micro-operator network and apublic PLMN
The 5G Enhance system shall support flexible spectrum sharing schemes
among micro-operators and incumbents depending on the various
parameters gathered by the operators.

R4S.6

6.Summary and Conclusions
This is the first deliverable of 5G-ENHANCE WP2, hence it recalls the project objectives,
methodology and innovations with the purpose to demonstrate their relevance and actual
status. Partner platforms and described to highlight their capabilities and relevance to theproject use cases.
The 5G-ENHANCE use cases detailed in this document serve as a tool to achieve project
ambitions beyond the state of the art in a number of promising 5G techniques:· eMBB techniques· Flexible TDD· Multi-connectivity· Spectrum sharing technologies
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· Network sharing technologies· Interoperability
The description of platforms is followed by the outline descriptions of the two planned trials 3D remote class for a real-time surgery in EU and HD video for an ad-hoc outdoor sport
event in Japan.
The project use cases are categorised against the eMBB in 5G. The mapping between
technologies, trials and use cases is performed to show the good coverage between them.
Additionally we very briefly describe the eight research cases that belong to current researchwithin the project; these results were presented and discussed during the second face toface meeting hosted by Fraunhofer FOKUS in Berlin. We conclude that these research cases
are fully in line with project objectives and innovations.
This workpackage received inputs in a form of three clusters of requirements identified
respectively by WP3 and WP4. In view of described platform capabilities, planned trials andon-going research work it was decided to set current priorities within these requirements.
Accordingly expert evaluations were performed using the Delphi methodology by ten projectexperts, their work is highly appreciated. The evaluation outcome is presented in thisdocument with the plan to repeat this evaluation, if needed in the next deliverable.
In general, we can conclude that WP2 is on plan and on schedule.

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