ICM and Satoumi Special Session
Abstracts

Introduction of a new project“Development of Coastal Management Method to Realize theSustainable Coastal Sea (S-13 project)”and discussion to sustainable ICM around the world

August 23, 2016
Azimut Hotel（Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation）

DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT METHOD TO REALIZE
THE SUSTAINABLE COASTAL SEA
Tetsuo Yanagi1
1

Principal Researcher, International EMECS Center*tyanagi@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp
The Ministry of Environment, Japan has begun the new research
project “Development of Coastal Management Method to Realize theSustainable Coastal Sea” (2014-2018, PI: T.Yanagi) in 2014. This project
aims to propose the suitable ICM (Integrated Coastal Management) for
realizing the sustainable coastal community. Three research fields(Seto Inland Sea as semi-enclosed coastal sea, Sanriku coastal seas foropen character coastal sea and Japan Sea’s coastal sea where theinternational management is necessary) are selected to clarify theirnatural characteristics from the viewpoint of physical, chemical andbiological oceanography. Social and human scientists are also included
to this trans-disciplinary project in order to clarify the economic andcultural aspects of the sustainable coastal community. We will develop
the integrated numerical model which is useful for the policy decisionin the coastal areas.

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FATE OF SILTS AND CLAY FROM RIVER AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO
TRANSPARENCY
Tetsuji Okuda1, Satoshi Sekitou2, Akira Umehara2, Satoshi Asaoka3,
Satoshi Nakai2, Wataru Nishijima2
1

Ryukoku University, 2Hiroshima University, 3Kobe University*okuda@rins.ryukoku.ac.jp
Phytoplankton plays a key role as primary producer, forming the baseof marine food webs. Knowledge in relation to permeability of light inwater is important for the understanding of phytoplankton growth in
the euphotic zone. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments
in relation to light attenuation using inorganic particle (silica particle)
and field investigations in Osaka Bay. There was a positive correlation
between the concentrations of the silica particle and integral values of
the absorbance at photosynthetic active radiation (PAR: wavelength
400-700 nm) in the laboratory experiments. The highest integral valueof the absorbance at PAR was observed for the particle size of 1.0 μm.
In Osaka Bay, high contribution of the inorganic particle to lightattenuation was observed compared to the organic particles. Multiple
linear regression analysis using the particle size and the amount of totalsuspended solids (TSS: consisting of three component fractions;organic/inorganic tripton and phytoplanktons) showed that the particle
size was an essential factor controlling the light attenuation in the
coastal sea.

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SATOUMI APPROACH FOR REALIZING SUSTAINABLE COASTAL USE IN
A RIAS-TYPE BAY: A CASE OF SHIZUGAWA BAY IN SANRIKU COAST HIT
BY THE HUGE TSUNAMI ON 11 MARCH 2011

Teruhisa Komatsu1, Shuji Sasa1, Shigeru Montani2, Osamu Nishimur3,
Takashi Sakamaki3, Chihiro Yoshimura4, Manabu Fujii4, Tetsuo
Yanagi5
1

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido University, 4Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 5EMECS Center.
*komatsu@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
2

Rias-type bays are one of the most common coasts in Japan whereaquacultures have been active due to sheltered geological shape with adeep bottom. The huge tsunami hit Sanriku Coast consisting of open riastype bays near the epicenter facing Pacific Ocean on 11 March 2011. For
recovering Sanriku Coast, it is important to include sustainability in its
program. Satoumi is defined as the human use and management ofcoastal seas for high productivity while maintaining high biodiversity.
Therefore, we proposed Satoumi approach to an open rias-type bay,
Shizugawa Bay, in southern Sanriku Coast. We conducted scientificresearches on mapping of coastal habitats and aquaculture facilities,hydrography, and material flows of nutrients, a minor element (Fe) andorganic matters in the bay including those from the rivers and from theoffshore waters. At the same time, Committee for Shizugawa Bay
Management of Fishermen’s Cooperative of Miyagi Prefecture decided todecrease in aquaculture facilities for sustainable development ofaquaculture. Based on these data, a physical-biological coupling model

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was used for calculating the number of aquaculture facilities that aresuitable not only for yields but also for environments. These researches
were established on strong collaborations among a fishermen’s’
cooperative, local governments and scientists. Results of this practice may
help to realize sustainable coastal use of a rias-type bay.

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MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE USE OF INTERNATIONAL SEMIENCLOSED SEA, JAPAN SEA
Takafumi YOSHIDA1, Liu Qian1, Zhang Jing2, Katsumi Takayama3,
Naoki Hirose3
1

Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center, 2Toyama University,
Kyushu University Research Institute for Applied Mechanics.
*yoshida@npec.or.jp
3

New project “Development of Coastal Management Method to Realize
the Sustainable Coastal Sea” started in 2014. The objectives are to study
the appropriate status of the coastal area and to provide scientificinformation to policy makers for better coastal management. One of thetarget areas in this project is Japan Sea. Japan Sea is a semi-closed sea
which is surrounded by the Eurasian continent and Japanese islands. This
area is one of the most populated regions in the world and experiences a
rapid economic growth. In addition, it is reported that the sea surface
temperature has increased rapidly compared to other areas.
In our study, nutrient inputs and climate change are key drivers which
influence the ecosystem of Japan Sea. Numerical models of the marine
ecosystem were used for understanding and forecasting the impact andresponse mechanism of the ecosystem. Based on the study results,
options for appropriate management will be proposed.
However, because of the long coastal zone along Japan, it is not
appropriate to apply the same management options to all areas.
Therefore, in this study, the coastal zone was divided into five sub-regions
according to the characteristics of water mass. Surface water of Japan Sea
is basically formed by Kuroshio water, Taiwan Current water, freshwater
discharged in the East China Sea, freshwater discharged in Japan Sea anddeep water of Japan Sea. Using physical numerical models, the mixing
ratio of these five waters was calculated and options for regional
management in each sub-region will be prepared.

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THE INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT BASED ONECOSYSTEM SERVICES

NAKAGAMI Ken’ichi1, OBATA Norio1, TAKAO Katsuki1, UEHARA
Takuro1, SAKURAI Ryo1, OTA Takahiro2, YOSHIOKA Taisuke1, NIU Jia1,
CHEN Xiaochen1,MINEO Keito3
Ritsumeikan University(RU)1, Nagasaki University2, Kyoto University3*nakagami@sps.ritsumei.ac.jp
The Japanese term “Satoumi” inspires us to pursue sound coastal zone
governance by taking sustainable development into consideration with
“Establishment of Sato-umi in the coastal sea”. The popular ICZM
(Integrated Coastal Zone Management) shows us the potential approach
toward a coastal area with harmonious interaction between human-being
and natural environment. Seto Inland Sea which has undergone serious
environmental degradation and anthropogenic changes. In order torecover and sustain its unparalleled values, rebuilding a soundenvironmental policy system from top to bottom is highly required. The
ecosystem services and their monetary values are also estimated buy
CVM necessary for sustainability assessment, due to their powerful roles
in representing human-coastal zone relationship and supporting
sustainability of a “Satoumi” system. The sustainability assessment
framework for Seto Inland Sea, which consists of Inclusive Wealth,“Satoumi”, and ecosystem service approach was developed.

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MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATIONIN ENCLOSED COASTAL SEAS
Keizo Negi1，Takuya Ishikawa1, Kenichiro Iba1
1

Ministry of the Environment, Japan*KEIZO_NEGI@env.go.jp
Japan experienced severe water pollution problems throughout theperiod of the high economic growth in 1960s. With the concentration of
population and industries, large quantities of pollutants flowed into thesea, and these caused health hazard and harmful algae blooms which
damage fishery and living environment especially in the enclosed sea.
We have implemented various measures including drainage control andsewerage system expansion based on the Water Pollution Control Law.
Total Pollutant Load Control System (TPLCS) has been implemented inTokyo Bay, Ise Bay, and the Seto Inland Sea from 1979. TPLCS is designed
to reduce the total amount of pollutant loads (target items; chemical
oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) flowing into enclosed
sea. As a result of efforts including TPLCS, the amount of pollutant loads
have been reduced steadily, water quality has a tendency toimprovement as a whole. On the other hand, algae bloom and oxygen
deficient water mass were still observed. Besides, these situations weredifferent by respective sea area. Moreover, in a concept of вЂњBountiful
SeaвЂќ, we also recognize the importance of bio-diversity and bioproductivity.To resolve these problems, it is necessary to effort ofpollutants reduction flowing from the land, and to cooperate among
entities in local communities. Moreover, we need to promotecomprehensive measures such as preservation of tidal flat and seaweed
bed as well as installation of bio-friendly revetments.

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ENSURING SUCCESSFUL AND SUSTAINABLE RESTORATION AND
PROTECTION OF COASTAL WATERS: THE CHESAPEAKE BAY TOTALMAXIMUM DAILY LOAD PLAN
Robert M. Summers 1
1

Senior Research Scientist, University of Maryland Center for
Environmental Science* robert.summers.phd@gmail.com
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest coastal bay in North America with awatershed spanning 6 states and Washington, D.C. (the "watershedjurisdictions"). Restoration of the Bay has been the focus of nearly 40
years of restoration effort. Significant progress has been made, but the
Bay still does not meet water quality standards. In 2010, as required by
the federal Clean Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA), in cooperation with the watershed jurisdictions, established alegally enforceable limit on the levels of pollution called a Total Maximum
Daily Load (TMDL). The TMDL sets limits on pollutant loading and divides
the responsibility for meeting those limits among the watershedjurisdictions and 6 “source sectors” – agriculture, urban stormwater,
wastewater, onsite sewage systems, forest land and atmosphericdeposition. Each of the watershed jurisdictions developed a detailed plan
to meet the TMDL limits, describing the pollution control actions eachsector will take and the deadline for action. The TMDL limits must be
achieved by 2025. In addition, to ensure that the restoration stays on
track to achieve the 2025 goal, the TMDL includes 2-year Milestone goals
that must also be achieved. The TMDL and Milestone goals are being
enforced and progress is reported to the public by the EPA. Enforcement
is essential to the success of the restoration so that all jurisdictions andsectors meet their commitments and are assured that others are meeting
theirs as well.

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DEVELOPING AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH REPORT CARD FOR
LAGUNA DE BAY, PHILIPPINESDavid A. Nemazie1, Adelina Santos-Borja2, Jocelyn Sta. Ana2,
Vanessa Vargas1, Simon Costanzo1, Nancy Bermas3
1

2

University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Lake Laguna3
Development Authority, PEMSEA,* nemazie@umces.edu
Laguna de Bay is the largest inland waterbody in the Philippines andthe third largest in South East Asia. Laguna de Bay is connected toManila Bay via the Pasig River, which flows through metro-Manila andis a tidal estuary. It has a has a surface area of 900 km2, with anaverage depth of 2.5 meters and an elevation of about 1 meter above
sea level. The watershed population is over 8 million people. Laguna de
Bay features distinct regions. The West Bay watershed is the mostpopulated and heavily developed, mainly because it includes part ofMetro Manila, while the East Bay is the least. The West and Central
Bays are separated by Talim Island, the biggest and most populatedisland. This first ecosystem health report card is designed to provide a
better understanding of the current ecosystem health, particularly aswater quality improvement strategies are developed. Two workshops
were conducted to develop a framework for the report card, identified
the target audience, developed indicators and thresholds, anddetermined the key messages. Overall Laguna de Bay scored a low
passing mark, 76%, a C-, in water quality and an F in fisheries weith
regional scores also developed. Laguna de Bay consistently is within
national water quality guidelines in DO, BOD, nitrate, and total coliform
but consistently scored poorly for chlorophyll a and phosphate. Water
quality and fisheries are negatively impacted by high population andindustrialization. Laguna de Bay scored an F for fisheries due to catch10per unit effort, invasive species, and zooplankton ratios. Overall, thesescores are not only a cause of concern for fisheries, but the wholecommunity supported by Laguna de Bay.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE AS A MODEL OF
SATO UMI TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN COASTAL AREA OFINDONESIA

Suhendar I Sachoemar1, Tetsuo Yanagi2, Mitsutaku Makino3, Akihiko
Morimoto4, Ratu Siti Aliah1
1

BPPT Indonesia, 2RIAM-Kyushu University Japan, 3FRA Japan, 4Ehime
University Japan.
*suhendarsachoemar@yahoo.com
The development of sustainable model of aquaculture by applying SatoUmi concept within coastal area of Indonesia has expanded from thecenter of first experiment in the northern coastal area of west Java tocentral Java (western Indonesia) and Bantaeng in the South Sulawesi ofcentral Indonesia. The similar program has also been proposed for
Maluku Province in the eastern part of Indonesia. In the next 5 years,
Indonesia is developing the Techno Parks Program in some areas, inwhich aquaculture and fisheries activities development on the base of
Sato Umi concept in the coastal area are involves in this program. The
development of Techno Parks are directed as a center application oftechnology to stimulate the economy in the regency, and a place of
training, apprenticeship, technology dissemination center, and center
business advocacy for the public. Hopely, Sato Umi concept that has asimilar spirit with Techno Park can be applied to support theimplementation of Techno Park program in Indonesia

12DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR RUSSIAN COASTSTYPIFICATION

Ruben Kosyan1, Viacheslav Krylenko1
1

Southern Branch of the P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS.
*rkosyan@hotmail.com
There are many types of coasts classifications that indicate main
coastal features. As a rule, the "static" state of the coasts is consideredregardless of their evolutionary features and ways to furthertransformation. Since the most part of the coastal zone studies aimed atensuring of economic activity, it is clear that the classification of coast
types should indicate total information required by the users. Accordingly,
the coast classification should include the criterion, characterizing as
dynamic features of the coast and the conditions and opportunities of
economic activity. The coast classification, of course, should be based on
geomorphological coast typification. Similar typification has beendeveloped by leading scientists from Russia and can be used with minimal
modifications. The authors propose to add to basic information(geomorphological type of coast) the evaluative part for each coast sector.
It will include the estimation of the coast changes probability and thecomplexity of the coast stabilization for economic activity. This method
will allow to assess the dynamics of specific coastal sections and theprocesses intensity and, as a result – the stability of the coastal area.

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