Emeralds
Colombian emeralds are associated with streaks,
hydrothermal breaks and hydraulic gaps that affectsedimentary sequences of the Paja, Rosablancaand Villeta Group formations in the eastern belt andthe Limestone of Guavio and Macanal Shaleformations in the western belt, of Early Cretaceousage.

Colombian gems have a natural red fluorescenceoriginated by a reduced concentration of chemical
impurities in their geological composition, they have
low pressure and temperature, being a factor thatmakes the difference in quality. Emeralds from othercountries are of pegmatitic origin, high temperatureand pressure. The chromium content in many
Colombian emeralds is ideal and allows optimal color,
light and brightness.
GEMS AND SEMIPRECIOUS STONES
Emeralds

The main use of the emeralds is as a gemstone injewelry.

Corundum (alluvium)

297

53,434 ha(0.05 % of national territory)

Mining Titles

29in exploration*

18in construction& assembly *250 in exploitation**Titles by contractual stage

449

235,945 ha

Mining concession
proposals(0.21 % of national territory)
Source: NMA,- AnnA mineria 31/05/2024

Economic Data Colombia
Production
Associated to royalty payments(Million carats)

2021P
2022Pr2023PrRoyalties

Exports(Million USD)(Million carats - Million FOB USD)

2.18
2.07
2.33

1.29 Mct - 129.78 M
1.29 Mct - 104.04 M
0.86 Mct - 150.92 M

1.50
1.25
1.37

*2023 WORLD RANKING TRADE IN CUT GEMSTONES(EMERALDS, RUBIES AND SAPPHIRES (710391-00/20))
EXPORTING COUNTRIES*(Main emeralds producing countries)

LATAM EXPORTS*(USD million)(USD million)

1. Colombia
2. Zambia
3. Brazil

144.5730.75
13.26

IMPORTING COUNTRIES*(Emeralds producing countries)1. Colombia
2. Brazil

144.57
13.26(USD million)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Switzerland
United States
Hong Kong
FranceItaly
ThailandIndia

759.79749.19525.24484.60301.66230.58
79.64

Colombian emeralds are the first in the world for their quality, thanks to their hydrothermal sedimentary
origin, which gives them an optimal brightness, transparency, color, play of light and hardness.
Source: National Mining Agency - NMA, 31/05/2024. Colombian Geological Survey - SGC, National Administrative Department of Statistics - DANE, 31/05/2024. Average exchange rate 2021 : Col $3,743.09; 2022 : Col$4,255.44; 2023 : Col $4,325.05. P: provisional. Pr: preliminary. *ITC - Trade Map, trade statistics for international business development 29/04/2024, annual import and export values of the classifications: Colombia:
7103912000 “Rubies, sapphires and emeralds, worked, whether or not worked or graded, but not strung, mounted or set”; Zambia and Brazil : 71039100 “Rubies, sapphires and emeralds, otherwise worked (HS CODE).
link: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx?nvpm=3%7c%7c%7c%7c%7c7103%7c%7c%7c4%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c%7c1.

Emeralds
Production Data
2020

2021p

2022pr2023pr(Carats)(Carats)(Carats)(Carats)

1,555,470
10
47,744

863,9910633,225

3,117,799

2,226

914,323
0
168,674
160,843
9,010

60,335
0465,680
844,332
5,266

Raw
Set
Cut
Unspecified
Other qualities

Source: NMA - Mineral exploitation volumes associated with royalty payments, data as of May 31st, 2024. P: provisional. Pr: preliminary.
Mct: million carats.

Main Producing Municipalities

San Pablo de BorburPauna

Maripi

Otanche
La Victoria

BoyacaQuipama
Muzo

Cundinamarca

MacanalChivorUbala

Western Emerald Belt

GachalaEastern Emerald Belt
Bogota D.C.

Department

Municipality

Muzo

Quipama

BoyacaSan Pablo deBorbur

Maripi

Other

Cundinamarca

Gachala

Ubala

Total

Emeralds
Raw
Set
Cut
Unspecified
Other qualities
Raw
Set
Cut
Unspecified
Other qualities
Raw
Set
Cut
Unspecified
Other qualities
Raw
Set
Cut
Unspecified
Other qualities
Raw
Cut
Raw
Set
Cut
Unspecified
Raw
Unspecified
Other qualities

2020

2021p

2022pr2023pr(Carats)(Carats)(Carats)(Carats)

1,360,738

676,048667

519,070

764,463

28,141

3,542

226,978
552,004

3,117,799
481

624
2,678

5,487

2,786

6,278

2,271

5,093
7,811

6,289
2
13,754

102,828

38,514411

16,13327,338
133,6442,976
247,811

168,551
730,41373,019105,175

31,78387,309136,41022,0829,010

228,985
35,9335,130

19,375

1,603
9,002

102
37
124

4,721,024

24
4,435

2,654

416

659
1,575

1,499,442

1,252,850

1,547
101
673
136

1,375,613

Source: NMA - Mineral exploitation volumes associated with royalty payments, data as of May 31st, 2024. P: provisional. Pr: preliminary.

2Emeralds
Colombian Emeralds Data

Emeralds accounted for 0.30 %of the value of Colombian
exports and 1.07 % of mining
exports in 2023.

Colombian emerald mining iscarried out in underground
operations withtechnification processes
and new investments insome of the main mining
projects in operation, such as
the Puerto Arturo andCoscuez mines.

In 2023pr, emeralds
accounted for 0.14 %(USD 2.33 million) ofthe mining royalties
collected.

The price per carat ofeach emerald canvary according to thepurity and color ofeach gem (quality),
the estimated value per
carat of a cut emerald
can range from USD
200 to USD 150,000.

Colombian emeralds have very typical inclusions
that become their hallmark that differentiate themfrom the emeralds from other producing countries.

Source: ANM 31/05/2024 , DANE, SIMCO - UPME, ITC - Trade Map, Average exchange rate 2023 : Col $4.325,05.
* Percentages by value of exports:

Colombian emerald exports are transported by air. Main destinations of cut emeralds
2023*: United States 41.82 %; Hong Kong 38.23 %; Japan 7.78 %; Thailand
6.42 %; Israel 3.36 %; Italy 1,26 % Germany 0.31 %; India 0.16 %;Switzerland 0.12 %; Austria 0.11 %; Chinese Taipei 0.09 %; Kuwait 0.08 %;United Arab Emirates 0.08 %; Bahrein 0.04 %; New Zealand 0.03 %; Indonesia
0.01 %; Canada 0.02 %; France 0.02 %; Australia 0.02 %; Belgium 0.01 %;Peru 0.01 %; Czech Republic 0.01 %; Armenia 0.01 %; Denmark 0.003 %.
Main destinations of raw emeralds during 2023*: Bogota Free Zone 64.68 %; HongKong 21.13 United States 5.00 %; United Arab Emirates 3.74 %; Thailand 2.30%; France 1.99 %; Canada 0.58 %; Japan 0.20 %; Hungary 0.17 %; Slovenia0.09 %; Austria 0.08 %; Spain 0.02 %, India 0.02 %.

"Of the producing countries, Colombia is the world's largest exporterof cut emeralds, with the highest quality gems in the world.“

https://mineriaencolombia.anm.gov.co/