Taking the SAT® I: Reasoning Test
Practice Test Sections
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Practice Test
SAT I: Reasoning Test

About thePractice Test
Take the practice test, which starts on page 35, to reinforce your test-taking skills and to be more comfortable
when you take the SAT. This practice test will give you agood idea of what to expect on the actual test. However,
the test you eventually take will differ in some ways. It
may, for example, contain a different number of reading
passages, and its sections may be in a different order.
Although some editions of the SAT may be slightly easieror harder than others, statistical adjustments are madeto ensure that each score indicates the same level of
performance.
Also, this practice SAT includes only six of the sevensections that the actual test contains. Section 5 has been
omitted on this test because it contains questions that
may be used in future editions of the SAT and because it
does not count toward the scores.
The practice test will help you most if you take it underconditions as close as possible to those of the actual test.

REVIEWING YOUR PERFORMANCE
After you score your practice test, analyze your performance.
Asking yourself these questions and following the suggestions can help you improve your scores:❚ Did you run out of time before you finished a section?
Try to pace yourself so you will have time to answer
all the questions you can. Don’t spend too much timeon any one question.
❚ Did you hurry and make careless mistakes? You may
have misread the question, neglected to notice the word
“except” or “best,” solved for the wrong value, orreversed column A and column B in your mind.
❚ Were there questions you omitted that you might
have gotten right if you had guessed? Did you lose
points because of random guessing? Read page 4 again
to determine when guessing might be helpful.
❚ Did you spend too much time reading directions? You
should be familiar with the test directions so you don’t
have to spend as much time reading them when you takethe actual test.

MORE ABOUT SCORING
FINDING YOUR SCORESYour raw test scores are placed on the College Board scale of
200 to 800. Use the table on page 63 to find the scaled scoresthat correspond to your raw scores on this edition of the SAT.

Your SAT answer sheet is scanned by machine and theoval you filled in for each question is recorded on a computer tape. Next, the computer compares the oval filled infor each question with the correct response.

Practice Test Tips
1.

Set aside 21/2
hours of uninterrupted
time. That way you cancomplete the entire testat one sitting.

2.

Sit at a deskor table cleared of any
other papers or books.
You won’t be able to takea dictionary, books, ornotes into the test room.

3.

Allow yourself
the specified amountof time for each section. Have a timer orclock in front of you forpacing yourself on thesections.

30 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

4.

Have a calculator at hand when
you take the mathsections. This will help
you determine how muchto use a calculator the
day of the test.

5.

Read theinstructions on page
35. They are reprinted
from the back cover of thetest book. On test day, youwill be asked to read them
before you begin answering questions.

6.

After youfinish, read page 63.

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 31

32 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 33

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Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 35

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SECTION 1
Time — 30 minutes
35 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.
5. Even though the programmers are ------- about their
new software, they are wary of publicly ------- its
capabilities until further testing.

Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneath thesentence are five words or sets of words labeled A throughE. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in
the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as awhole.

(A) anxious . . commending(B) apprehensive . . substantiating(C) confident . . disclosing(D) positive . . decrying(E) cynical . . celebrating

Example:Medieval kingdoms did not become constitutional
republics overnight; on the contrary, the change
was -------.
(A) unpopular(B) unexpected(C) advantageous(D) sufficientA(E) gradual

B

C

D

6. Mary Ellen Pleasant, as a ------- supporter of Blackemancipation before the Civil War, spurned politicians
who advocated quiet dissent.
(A) cavalier(B) vociferous(C) sanguine(D) premature(E) noncommittalE

1. The doctor does not believe in conservative approaches
to teaching medicine: she uses the latest techniques,
including ------- ones.
(A) outmoded(D) cursory(B) figurative(E) permanent

7. Although we as laypeople expect scientific accounts of
the world to be ------- our commonsense understandingof reality, the paradoxes of modern physics seem to------- our personal expectations.

(C) experimental(A) parallel to . . confirm(B) consistent with . . undermine(C) aligned against . . resist(D) congruent with . . buttress(E) implied in . . augment

2. Cookery ------- the ------- of science, for the observations of prehistoric cooks laid the foundations of earlychemistry.
(A) ignored . . precision(B) advanced . . development(C) retarded . . supremacy(D) aided . . decline(E) betrayed . . methodology

8. The play closed after only a week because critics gave
the performance ------- reviews.
(A) innocuous(B) caustic(D) gaudy(E) contrite

3. The United States Congress has the power to -------,
that is, to charge an elected federal official for a major
crime.

9. The essay was both ------- and ------- : althoughconcise, it was profoundly moving.
(A) meandering . . denigrating(B) compact . . enervating(C) fictional . . touching(D) argumentative . . rationalistic(E) terse . . poignant(A) veto(B) convict(C) demote(D) impeach(E) exonerate
4. “Bedlam,” a popular name for the first English insane
asylum, has come to signify any scene of ------- andconfusion.
(A) collaboration(D) turmoil(B) treachery(E) placidity(C) rave

10. The consequence of the conspirators’ ------- was severe
punishment of all those involved in the unsuccessful
revolt.

(C) secrecy(A) machinations(B) ruminations(C) reservations(D) forebodings(E) consolations-36-

36 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

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17. EULOGY : TRIBUTE ::(A) editorial : opinion(B) speech : audience(C) book : preface(D) poetry : lyrics(E) pun : words

Each question below consists of a related pair of words
or phrases, followed by five pairs of words or phrases
labeled A through E. Select the pair that best expresses a
relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.
Example:CRUMB : BREAD ::(A) ounce : unit(B) splinter : wood(C) water : bucket(D) twine : rope(E) cream : butter

A

B

C

D

18. CONTRACT : AGREEMENT ::(A) recipe : menu(B) diploma : school(C) ticket : theater(D) loan : reimbursement(E) summons : command

E

19. CONTRARY : CONFORM ::(A) conspiratorial : plot(B) indebted : repay(C) heretical : expel(D) skeptical : believe(E) propagandistic : persuade

11. MUSICIAN : ORCHESTRA ::(A) worker : product(B) composer : score(C) soloist : accompanist(D) player : team(E) dancer : stage

20. PARAGON : EXCELLENCE ::(A) coward : bravery(B) aggressor : confidence(C) traitor : disloyalty(D) buyer : bargain(E) orator : attention

12. EARTHWORM : SOIL ::(A) whale : ocean(B) salmon : net(C) swimmer : pool(D) horse : stable(E) bird : nest

21. CACOPHONOUS : SOUND ::(A) delicious : taste(B) dark : vision(C) pungent : odor
(D) faded : color(E) tactile : touch

13. CREVICE : OPENING ::(A) well : water(B) crack : stress(C) slit : cut(D) base : summit(E) leak : seal

22. RUTHLESS : COMPASSION ::(A) unwitting : awareness(B) euphoric : mania(C) bitter : resentment(D) unknowable : comprehension(E) diplomatic : tact

14. PEN : INSCRIBE ::(A) copper : polish(B) pencil : erase(C) telephone : listen(D) needle : embroider(E) flame : boil

23. NEMESIS : HARM ::(A) sycophant : criticism(B) apprentice : learning(C) prodigy : talent(D) muse : inspiration(E) commentator : disinterest

15. GRAZE : SCRAPE ::(A) float : sink(B) tap : hear(C) relieve : injure(D) weigh : measure(E) dampen : wet
16. ACRE : AREA ::(A) horizon : distance(B) thermometer : heat(C) size : volume(D) ounce : weight(E) water : fluid-37-

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 37

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The two passages below are followed by questions based on their content and on the relationship between the two passages.
Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may beprovided.
Questions 24-35 are based on the following passages.
45

The following two passages are from critical commentaries
on “the Tramp,” the comic character created by silent-filmstar Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977).
Passage 1

Line
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Before Charlie Chaplin came along, tramps and hoboes
had long been a part of the cartoon and comic strip tradition, represented most prominently in England in 1896
by Tom Browne’s “Weary Willie and Tired Tim” andin the United States in 1900 by Frederick Burr Opper’s“Happy Hooligan.” But Chaplin was to bring a definitive
genius to the tramp figure, raising it to heights of poetic
and mythic power in his first year with the Keystone studios.
That Chaplin had considered using the tramp figure earlier
is suggested by the title of one of his childhood stage teams,“Bristol and Chaplin, the Millionaire Tramps.” But the
tramp character was not fully realized until 1914, when
Chaplin donned the baggy pants, the floppy shoes, the cane,the derby hat, and the little moustache for his second film.
As Chaplin would later explain, “The moment I was dressed,
the clothes and makeup made me feel the character. By thetime I walked on stage ‘the Tramp’ was fully born.” Hewould polish and revise the character through other film
roles until 1915, when he was featured in his own two-reelfilm, The Tramp.
In his own comments on the Tramp, Chaplin put his
finger on many of the elements that made the characterization so powerful and universally relevant. As he said
after introducing the character to his director, “this fellow
is many-sided, a tramp, a gentleman, a poet, a dreamer, alonely fellow, always hopeful of romance and adventure.
He would have you believe he is a scientist, a musician, aduke, a polo player. However, he is not above picking up
cigarette butts or robbing a baby of its candy.” The Tramp,
in other words, is a human being down and out on his luckand full of passion for life and hope that things will getbetter. He is imaginative and creative, and thus a romantic
and an artist, who brings style to his meager existence andart to his struggle for survival. Yet when things become
worse, he is willing to place practicality above sentimentand violate the usual social amenities. He is indeed complex
and many-sided, thereby touching most human beings at
one or more points in our character and makeup. There is agood deal in his nature that most of us identify with in our
secret selves, apart from what we are in the public world
we inhabit.

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

Passage 2
There is no doubt that Charlie Chaplin was a regular reader of the most famous of the early comic strips,-38-

38 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

“Weary Willie and Tired Tim.” Weary Willie and
Tired Tim made their debut on the front of Illustrated
Chips in 1896 when Chaplin was an energetic eight year
old. In his book, My Autobiography, Chaplin only mentions
his love of comics in passing, commenting that one of hisrare pleasures was reading “my weekly comic on a serene
Sunday morning.”
He was much more forthcoming— and revealing —in 1957 while talking to journalist Victor Thompson.
Chaplin began reminiscing about his younger days—and
one particular occasion when he had a short-lived job ata glass-blowing establishment in London.
“In the lunch breaks, I used to entertain the men withsand dances,” he told Thompson. “On one occasion I
danced so furiously, I got sick and had to be sent home.
I sat on the curb feeling I was dying. A woman gave me apenny to go home by horse-bus, but I walked and bought
a comic with the windfall.
“Ah, those comics,” Chaplin went on, “the wonderfully
vulgar paper for boys with ‘Casey Court’ pictures, and the‘Adventures of Weary Willie and Tired Tim,’ two famous
tramps with the world against them. There’s been a lot said
about how I evolved the little tramp character who made myname. Deep, psychological stuff has been written about
how I meant him to be a symbol of all the class war, of
the love-hate concept, the death-wish and what-all.
“But if you want the simple Chaplin truth behind the
Chaplin legend, I started the little tramp simply to makepeople laugh and because those other old tramps, Weary
Willie and Tired Tim, had always made me laugh.”If one glances through old copies of Illustrated Chips,
it is possible to find similarities between the scrapes that
Weary Willie and Tired Tim got into and those in some of
Chaplin’s films: even the titles of Chaplin’s early movies
seem derived from the adventures of the comic book heroes.
And if further proof of the influence is needed, isn’t thevery appearance of the gaunt Weary Willie strikingly
similar to that of Chaplin’s Little Tramp?

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

28. How does Chaplin’s comment about comic strips inlines 62-73 (“Ah . . . laugh”) relate to his reaction to
comics in lines 47-50 (“In . . . morning”) ?

24. In line 8, the phrase “first year” emphasizes how
Chaplin(A) underwent a dramatic change that surprised
everyone(B) accomplished something highly significant in avery short time(C) demanded creative freedom from the start of his
career(D) rarely showed allegiance to any film studio for
more than one year(E) quickly won over the critics who had panned his
first films(A) It shows that Chaplin told his audiences what hethought they wanted to hear rather than the truth.
(B) It suggests that Chaplin was more enthralledwith comic strips than he indicated in his
autobiography.
(C) It refutes the criticism that Chaplin’s humor was
not original but was borrowed in large part fromearly comic-strip tramps.
(D) It proves that Chaplin intended his Tramp to be
more thought-provoking than the tramps depicted in comic strips.
(E) It explains why Chaplin’s attitude toward comic
strips changed as he evolved from a youngamateur to a mature professional.

25. The comment in lines 28-29 (“However . . . candy”)
suggests that the Tramp(A) is honorable even when he is down on his luck(B) is willing to violate society’s sense of acceptablebehavior(C) can be compassionate one minute and aloof
the next(D) tries to exercise restraint but is too passionate
to hide his feelings(E) pretends to be oblivious to his surroundings but
is a shrewd observer

29. The last paragraph in Passage 2 functions primarily to(A) show how Chaplin’s true character was very
different from his public image(B) compare Chaplin’s adoration of comic bookheroes with the public’s adoration of Chaplin(C) emphasize how the Tramp character changed over
the years(D) foster a greater appreciation for Chaplin’s comic
genius(E) provide explicit evidence of what inspired Chaplin

26. In the concluding sentence of Passage 1, the author
suggests that most people(A) believe that the Tramp’s blatant disregard forsocietal norms is a bad influence on the public(B) do not comprehend their own true nature, whereas
the Tramp is known for his self-awareness(C) inhabit a world of one-dimensional personalities(D) share an emotional affinity with the Tramp(E) admire the Tramp’s resilience in hard times

30. According to both passages, the year 1896 wassignificant because it was then that(A) the comic book Illustrated Chips became available in the United States(B) theater audiences first saw Chaplin’s interpretation of the Tramp(C) Weary Willie and Tired Tim were introduced
to the public(D) Chaplin’s comic genius was first recognized(E) the development of silent film technology got
under way

27. In Passage 2, the conversation with journalist
Victor Thompson proved significant primarily
because it(A) provided insight into what influenced Chaplin tocreate the Tramp(B) explained how difficult it was for Chaplin to perfect the role of the Tramp(C) helped Chaplin understand more clearly his own
attitudes toward the Tramp(D) gave Chaplin an opportunity to respond to critics
of his autobiography(E) covered new ground in compiling a psychological
profile of the Tramp-39Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 39

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

31. How does the reference to what Chaplin “put his fingeron” (lines 21-22, Passage 1) differ from the “Chaplin
truth” (line 70, Passage 2) ?

33. Which statement best describes how each passage
addresses the influence of comic strips on Chaplin’s
Tramp?

(A) The first implies that Chaplin’s views were widely
accepted; the second implies that few people
embraced Chaplin’s beliefs.
(B) The first addresses Chaplin’s ability to foolpeople; the second focuses on Chaplin’s ability
to persuade them.
(C) The first reveals the profound elements of theTramp; the second suggests that the primary
purpose of the Tramp was to provide humor.
(D) The first conveys Chaplin’s sense of accomplishment; the second downplays Chaplin’s
contributions to the development of the Tramp.
(E) The first presents a cynical view of comedy; thesecond offers a more whimsical outlook.

(A) Passage 1 denies that the early comic strips bear
any similarity to Chaplin’s character, while
Passage 2 argues for a direct resemblance.
(B) Passage 1 argues that comic strips inspired
Chaplin, while Passage 2 identifies Chaplin’s
silent film colleagues as his chief inspiration.
(C) Passage 1 argues that Chaplin had a scholarlyinterest in the history of comic strip tramps,
while Passage 2 argues that he merely foundthem funny.
(D) Passage 1 argues that Chaplin added meaning to
his comic strip predecessors, while Passage 2
simply recognizes their comic influence.
(E) Passage 1 focuses on Chaplin’s contempt forcomic strip humor, while Passage 2 highlights
why Chaplin found comic strips entertaining.

32. Lines 70-73 in Passage 2 suggest that the interpretationof the Tramp by the author of Passage 1(A) misconstrues Chaplin’s fundamental motivation
for the Tramp figure(B) wrongly assumes that society embraced Chaplin’s
unconventional ideas(C) erroneously credits Weary Willie and Tired Tim
with conceiving the idea for the Tramp figure(D) conveys the false impression that the Tramp was
the only character that Chaplin played(E) ignores the way in which Chaplin sought to rendersocial commentary through his humor

34. Compared to the description of Chaplin’s Tramp in
Passage 1, the portrayal of the Tramp in Passage 2
is less(A) compassionate(B) personal(C) generous(D) complicated(E) humorous
35. According to Passage 2, Chaplin would most probably
characterize the concluding sentence of Passage 1(lines 38-41) as(A) “forthcoming —and revealing” (line 51)(B) “wonderfully vulgar” (lines 62-63)(C) “Deep, psychological stuff” (line 67)(D) “the simple Chaplin truth” (line 70)(E) “further proof of the influence” (line 79)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

40 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SECTION 2
Time — 30 minutes
25 Questions
Directions: In this section solve each problem, using any available space on the page for scratchwork. Then decide
which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
Notes:
1. The use of a calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers.

Reference Information

2. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

r
A = πr 2
C = 2πrlw
A = lwhhb
A = 1– bh2l
V = lwh

r
h

w

c

b

2x
30°

a
V = πr 2hc2 = a2 + b2

√3 x

60° x s 45° √2 s
45°

s

Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

1. If 5 p + m = 7 and m = 7, what is the value of p ?
(A) 0
(B)
(C)

1
5
2
5

(D)

7
5

(E)

14
5

2. There are 20 packages of bagels on a shelf in a store
and each package contains the same number of bagels.
If 3 of these packages contain a total of 18 bagels, howmany bagels are there in 7 of these packages?
(A) 21(B) 36(C) 40(D) 42(E) 49Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 41

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

5. If xyz = z and the value of x is 0, which of thefollowing must be true?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

y = 0
z = 0
xy = 1y = 1
z = 1

3. According to the graph above, when the wind velocity
is 70 miles per hour, which of the following is closest
to the pressure, in pounds per square foot?
(A) 13.5(B) 14.0(C) 15.0(D) 16.0(E) 16.5Ox°

6. The circle above has center O and is divided into 9
equal arcs. What is the value of x ?
4. In the number 0.257, which of the following does thedigit 7 represent?
(A) 7 ×1
10(B) 7 ×1
100(C) 7 ×1
1,000(D) 7 ×1
10,000(E) 7 ×1
100,000

42 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

(A) 110(B) 118(C) 120(D) 124(E) 125

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

9. The price of a certain type of cherry can range from$2.50 to $3.00 per pound, and the price of a certain
type of roll can range from $0.80 to $1.10 per dozen.
To be sure of having enough money to buy c poundsof these cherries and r dozen of these rolls, a person
needs at least how many dollars, in terms of c and r ?
(A)

c+ r
3 + 11
.

(B)

c
r
+
3 11
.

(C) 2.5c + 0.8r
(D) 3c + 11.r(E) (3 + 11. ) (c + r )7. The bar graph above shows the number of houses started
by the XYZ Construction Company over a 6-month
period. For which of the following months was there
the greatest increase over the previous month in thenumber of housing starts?
(A) May(B) June(C) July(D) August(E) September

10. In the figure above, point O lies on line AB. What isthe value of x ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

90
120
144
156
168

8. In quadrilateral PQRS above, what is the value of2
2
a +b ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

8
10
11
12
13

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 43

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

11. If s = a + 2 and t = a - 2, which of thefollowing represents the product of s and t
for every number a ?
(A) 2a
(B) 4
2
(C) a
2
(D) a − 42(E) a − 4a − 4

12. In 䉭 ABC above, the bisector of ∠ BAC is perpendicular to BC at point D. If AB = 6 and BD = 3,
what is the measure of ∠ BAC ?
(A) 15°(B) 30°(C) 45°(D) 60°(E) 75°

13. In January the price of a certain item was $120. In
February the price increased by 10 percent. During asale in March, the February price was discounted by
10 percent. What was the price of the item during thesale in March?
(A) $106.80(B) $118.80(C) $120.00(D) $121.20(E) $132.00

44 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

14. Line l, line m, and point P lie in a plane such thatl || m and P is between l and m. If line t in the sameplane passes through point P, which of the following
could be true?
I. t intersects l but not m.
II. t intersects both l and m.
III. t does not intersect either l or m.
(A) I only(B) II only(C) III only(D) I and II(E) II and III

15. If x is positive and
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 5
(D) 5
(E) 25x=
55, then x =xUnauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

18. The school nurse at Pine Street High School surveyed
the heights of all of the female students at the school.
The median of the heights was 165 centimeters and themode was 162 centimeters. Which of the following
statements must be true?

16. The height of each solid shown above is 7. The base ofsolid I has 6 sides of equal length, 6 angles of equalmeasure, and center P. The base of solid II is a circle
with center Q. The base of solid III is a square withcenter R. Which of the following is true?
(A) Solid I has the greatest volume.
(B) Solid II has the greatest volume.
(C) Solid III has the greatest volume.
(D) The volumes of solids I and II are equal.
(E) The volumes of solids II and III are equal.

(A) The height of half of the female students is
165 centimeters.
(B) The most frequently occurring height of thefemale students is 162 centimeters.
(C) The average (arithmetic mean) of the heights ofthe female students is 163.5 centimeters.
(D) More female students are 165 centimeters tall than
162 centimeters tall.
(E) More female students are shorter than 165
centimeters than are taller than 165 centimeters.

19. If 5n + p = 3 and 2m − 10n = 2, what is the valueof m + p ?
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 7
(E) 8

3

2

x ≥ x for all positive numbers x.
x

17. Which of the following values for x shows that thestatement above is false?

20. If 2 = y, which of the following must be equal
to 2 x + 1 ?

(A) −1(A) y + 1(B)0(B) y + 2

(C)

1
2

(C) 2y(D)1(D) 4y

(E)

2

(E)

2

y
2

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 45

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

21. If x is 5 percent of r and r is 20 percent of s, whatpercent of s is x ?
(A) 1%(B) 4%(C) 10%(D) 40%(E) 100%

24. The average (arithmetic mean) of three different positive integers is 12. If the first of these integers is 9 times
the second integer, what is the least possible value ofthe third integer?
(A) 6
(B) 4
(C) 3
(D) 2
(E) 1

y
(4, 6)(–1, 5)(5, 1)
Ox

22. What is the area of the square shown above?
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 20(D) 25(E) 26

25. If n is a positive integer, which of the followingn
CANNOT be the units digit of 3 ?
(A) 1
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 7
(E) 9

23. For all values of a, let p a f be defined as
p a f = 4a - 4 . Which of the following
equals p 6 f - p 5 f ?
(A) p 2 f
(B) p 3 f
(C) p 4 f(D) p 5 f(E) p 6 f

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

46 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SECTION 3
Time — 30 minutes
25 Questions
Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 30 minutes to complete both types. You may use
any available space for scratchwork.
Notes:
1. The use of a calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers.

Reference Information

2. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

r
A = πr 2
C = 2πrlw
A = lwhhb
A = 1– bh
2

l

r
h

w

c

b

2x

60° x s 45° √2 s

30°a

V = lwhV = πr 2h

45°

s

√3 x

c2 = a2 + b2

Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Directions for Quantitative Comparison Questions
Questions 1-15 each consist of two quantities inboxes, one in Column A and one in Column B.
You are to compare the two quantities and on theanswer sheet fill in oval
A if the quantity in Column A is greater;
B if the quantity in Column B is greater;
C if the two quantities are equal;
D if the relationship cannot be determinedfrom the information given.

EXAMPLES

E1

Column A

Column B

52

20

A

B

C

D

E

30

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

AN E RESPONSE WILL NOT BE SCORED.

150°

Answersx°

Notes:
1. In some questions, information is given about
one or both of the quantities to be compared.
In such cases, the given information is centered
above the two columns and is not boxed.
2. In a given question, a symbol that appears in bothcolumns represents the same thing in Column A as
it does in Column B.
3. Letters such as x, n, and k stand for real numbers.

E2xr and s are integers.
E3

r+1

s−1

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 47

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SUMMARY DIRECTIONS FOR COMPARISON QUESTIONS
Answer:A if the quantity in Column A is greater;
B if the quantity in Column B is greater;
C if the two quantities are equal;
D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Column B

Column A

Column A

x = 0
1.

x +1
x −1

m and p are 3-digit integers greater than 100.
The tens digit of m is 5.
The tens digit of p is 7.

0
5.

m

Set S consists of all integers from -50 to 0, inclusive. Set T consists of all integers from 0 to 50,
inclusive.
2.

3.

The number of integers
in set S

The number of integers
in set T

k16

Column B

p

a > 0
a
= 3
b

6.

a

b

7.

y

180 - 2 x

The sum of k and 7 equals the sum of m and 8.
4.

kR, S , and T are nonzero digits of the positive
decimal numerals RS. T and 0.0RSTm
8.

48 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

10  RS . T
10 ,000

0.0RSTUnauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SUMMARY DIRECTIONS FOR COMPARISON QUESTIONS
Answer:A if the quantity in Column A is greater;
B if the quantity in Column B is greater;
C if the two quantities are equal;
D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

Column A

Column B

x, y, and z are consecutive prime numbers inincreasing order, and x = 2.
9.

1
1
1
+
+
x
y
z

13.

Column B0ab − c + f

5

a b − c + f

1

The volume of a sphere with radius r is equal
4 3
to pr .
3
10.

Column A

The total volumeof two spheres,
each with radius 3

The volume ofa sphere withradius 6

Eight different chemical elements make up morethan 99 percent of Earth’s crust.
14.

The percent of Earth’s
crust made up of all
chemical elements
other than those eight

1 percent

The area of a rectangle
with perimeter 40

The area of a rectangle
with perimeter 60

When tossed in the air, a coin is equally as likely toland with heads up as it is with tails up. The coin is
to be tossed twice.
11.

The probability thatthe coin will land heads
up both times

The probability that thecoin will land heads up
on the first toss andtails up on the second
toss

15.

For all positive numbers n and k, let n ð k be
defined by n ð k = n − k k .

0

5

0 < r < s
12.

rð s

s ð r

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 49

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

Directions for Student-Produced Response Questions
Each of the remaining 10 questions requires you to solve the problem and enter your answer by marking the ovals
in the special grid, as shown in the examples below.
7
Answer: 12 or 7 12
Write answer
in boxes.
•

Grid inresult.

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

5
6

Answer: 201
Either position is correct.

Answer: 2.5

Fraction
line

•

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

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4

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5

5

6

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6

7

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7

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8

8

9

9

9

Decimal
point

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

6

7

7

7

7

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

• Mark no more than one oval in any column.
• Because the answer sheet will be machine-scored, you will receive credit only if the ovals
are filled in correctly.

not required, it is suggested that you• Althoughwrite your answer in the boxes at the top of thecolumns to help you fill in the ovals accurately.

•

•

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

4

Note: You may start your answers
in any column, space permitting.
Columns not needed should be left
blank.

Accuracy: If you obtain a decimal• Decimal
answer, enter the most accurate value the grid
will accommodate. For example, if you obtainan answer such as 0.6666 . . . , you should
record the result as .666 or .667. Less accurate
values such as .66 or .67 are not acceptable.
Acceptable ways to grid2
= .6666 . . .
3problems may have more than one correct• Someanswer. In such cases, grid only one answer.

• No question has a negative answer.
• Mixed numbers such as 2 12 must be gridded as
2.5 or 5 2. (Ifis gridded, it will be

21
interpreted as, not 2 1 .)2
2

16. If3x=, what is the value of x ?
5
2.5

50 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

•

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

5
6

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

6

6

6

6

j

•

17. If 3 = 27 and 3

•

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

j+k

6

= 243, what is the value of k ?

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

18. The first term of a sequence of numbers is 2. If eachterm after the first is 3 more than twice the preceding
term, what is the fourth term of this sequence?

19. If 3 +a = 5.3, what is the value of 3 -23. For a concert, tickets that were purchased in advanceof the day of the concert cost $5.00 each and tickets
purchased the day of the concert cost $8.00 each. The
total amount collected in ticket sales was the same as if
every ticket purchased had cost $5.50. If 100 tickets
were purchased in advance, what was the total numberof tickets purchased?

a?

20. If a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides of 䉭 ABC,a?
what is one possible value ofb + c

21. A circus clown has 8 different hats, 10 different ties,
4 different pairs of pants, and 5 different jackets fromwhich to choose when dressing for a performance.
What is the total number of different combinations of
1 hat, 1 tie, 1 pair of pants, and 1 jacket from which theclown can choose when dressing for a performance?

24. Each of the 8 edges of a pyramid with a square base is
4 inches long, and each edge of a cube is 4 inches long.
The base of the pyramid is set on one face of the cube
so that their vertices coincide. The new solid that isformed has how many faces?

25. Chairs ready for shipment at the Northern Chair
factory come down a ramp in single file. Inspector A
checks every third chair, beginning with the third.
Inspector B checks every fifth chair, beginning withthe fifth. If 98 chairs came down the ramp while bothinspectors were working on Monday, how many ofthese chairs were not checked by either of these two
inspectors?

22. In the figure above, the circle with center O
has radius 7, AB is a diameter, and AC = BC.
What is the area of 䉭 ABC ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 51

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SECTION 4
Time — 30 minutes
31 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.

5. A story’s theme is sometimes -------, that is, stateddirectly by the author, but more often it is -------.

Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneath thesentence are five words or sets of words labeled A throughE. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in
the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as awhole.

(A) obvious . . indisputable(B) capricious . . dramatic(C) convoluted . . simple(D) enigmatic . . veiled(E) explicit . . implied

Example:Medieval kingdoms did not become constitutional
republics overnight; on the contrary, the change
was -------.
(A) unpopular (B) unexpected(C) advantageous (D) sufficientA(E) gradual

B

C

D

6. The biologists who breed California condors jokingly
refer to the outdoor -------, the enclosures that housethe birds, as “condorminiums.”(A) arboretums(D) aviaries

E(C) depots

7. New York is a cosmopolitan city; its numerous
newspapers in many languages reflect its ------population.

1. Officials charged that the bakery had engaged in------- practices by misleading consumers about
the nutritional value of certain products.

(A) polyglot(D) vapid(A) legitimate (B) exacting (C) intelligible(D) inordinate (E) deceptive(B) insular (C) bemused(E) homogeneous

8. If people continually suppress their impulse to complain,
whether the vexation is ------- or grave, they will appear
to be automatons, ------- feeling.

2. As a young physics instructor, Richard Feynman
discovered that he had the gift of sharing his ------his subject and making that excitement -------.

(A) fluid . . defined by(B) severe . . bereft of(C) deserving . . incapable of(D) frivolous . . consumed by(E) trivial . . devoid of(A) passion for . . contagious(B) knowledge of . . inaudible(C) contempt for . . praiseworthy(D) propensity for . . futile(E) commitment to . . impersonal

9. Louisa May Alcott’s ------- the philosophical brillianceof her father’s intellect was ------- by her impatience
with his unworldliness.

3. Even after hungrily devouring their entire lunch, thechildren were still ------- and clamored for more.
(A) scrupulous (B) innocuous (C) remorseful(D) ravenous (E) compliant(A) exasperation with . . contradicted(B) concealment of . . supplanted(C) respect for . . augmented(D) rebellion against . . qualified(E) reverence for . . tempered

4. Some entertainers, their egos inflated by celebrity,
see themselves as ------- figures to whom ordinary
moral ------- do not necessarily apply.
(A) penitent . . rules(B) privileged . . constraints(C) pedagogical . . enticements(D) redundant . . conventions(E) gifted . . benefits-52-

52 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

(B) aquariums(E) kennels

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

Each question below consists of a related pair of words
or phrases, followed by five pairs of words or phrases
labeled A through E. Select the pair that best expresses a
relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.

Each passage below is followed by questions based on its
content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is statedor implied in each passage and in any introductory material
that may be provided.

Example:CRUMB : BREAD ::(A) ounce : unit(B) splinter : wood(C) water : bucket(D) twine : rope(E) cream : butter

10. WAGE : WORKER ::(A) pension : retiree(B) donation : patron(C) tip : diner(D) fine : judge(E) fee : member

Questions 16-21 are based on the following passage.
For centuries, Western society looked to the ancient Greek
city-state of Athens as a model of a successful democracy.
Solon (638?-559? B.C.) laid the groundwork for the
Athenian excellence of subsequent years.
A

B

C

D

E

Line
5

10

11. CRATER : CONCAVE ::(A) slope : steep(B) plateau : flat(C) reef : marine(D) volcano : dormant(E) moon : eclipsed
12. LECTURE : AUDIENCE ::(A) text : translator(B) essay : reader(C) role : understudy(D) novel : protagonist(E) symphony : composer
13. PENCHANT : INCLINATION ::(A) whim : decision(B) aversion : taste(C) fascination : interest(D) clue : solution(E) suspicion : certainty
14. DOGGEREL : VERSE ::(A) animation : cinema(B) scroll : document(C) burlesque : drama(D) chisel : sculptor(E) headline : article
15. SOPHISTICATE : CALLOW ::(A) misanthrope : introverted(B) stockbroker : financial(C) novice : unproved(D) procrastinator : habitual(E) malcontent : satisfied

15

20

25

30

35

40

Though later generations tended to glorify him with
one voice as the founder of the Athenian democracy, Solon
did not command such unqualified devotion during his life.
The Athens in which he grew up in the latter part of theseventh century B.C. was a land torn by political and social
dissension. The Athenian nobles of Solon’s day were asingle-minded crew of hard-riding, high-living country
squires, untroubled by the slightest doubt of their god-given
right to the land and all the goods that sprang from it,
including political power. Because of the nobles’ rapacity,
a good proportion of the commoners of Athens had losttheir land and even their freedom when failure to pay debts
resulted in their demotion to slave status. Eventually the
strife between the haves and the have-nots came to theverge of civil war, and Solon was elected arbitrator andchief magistrate. His strategy was a simple one. As hehimself wrote later, he “held his shield over both parties,”fighting each on behalf of the other. Solon’s impartiality
had negative effects for himself, however, and the result
was that both groups turned on him and he found himself“at bay like a wolf among many hounds.”
Solon was no leveler. He pitied the wretchedness ofthe common folk and was indignant at the callous greedof their exploiters, but he had no intention of overturning
the traditional balance of nobles and commoners. Theirrelationships were to be governed by justice and the ruleof law.
Solon’s description of the rule of law is broad in spirit
but intensely practical. He saw law and reason as the cementthat holds the body politic together. His twin goals were
freedom and unity for Athens, but he saw that freedom
could only be guaranteed by law and that unity could only
be based on reasonable consent. Solon stands as the discoverer of the principle that has remained the core beliefof traditional Western democracies ever since: balancing
freedom and responsibility, consent and authority, the morally autonomous individual and the demands of society.
The verses in which Solon proclaims how he held his
shield over both parties and allowed neither to win morethan it deserved attest to his faith in justice, and to hisdesire to discover the commonalities, rather than the differences, shared by disputing parties. This approach madeSolon an innovative thinker, but it ultimately was thesource of his disfavor in his own time.

-53-

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 53

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

19. Which of the following is the most accurate descriptionof Solon’s tenure as arbitrator?

16. The author’s characterization of the Athenian nobility(lines 6-13) indicates that they(A) Athens recognized the need for a leader like Solonto head a new government.
(B) The commoners never expected Solon to rule intheir favor.
(C) Solon envisioned himself as the future ruler ofAthens.
(D) Solon wanted the commoners, not the nobles, torule Athens.
(E) Solon desired fairness, but he did not advocate
radical changes in Athens.

(A) abused their power and authority(B) established a stable economic system(C) derided the movement for democratic reform(D) objected to lending money to commoners(E) supported the commoners’ political rights
17. Solon’s claim about his “shield” (line 17) would be
most directly contradicted by which hypotheticalstatement?
(A) Solon favored the nobles after receiving large
gifts from them.
(B) Solon empathized with the plight of thecommoners.
(C) Solon refused to meet with anyone when he
was making an important decision.
(D) Solon accepted exile from Athens after heestablished democracy.
(E) Solon listened to the concerns of both the nobles
and the commoners.

20. In line 28, “spirit” most nearly means(A) bodiless being(B) sentient state(C) essential principle(D) animated disposition(E) enthusiastic loyalty
21. Solon’s achievement is best described as(A) founding a tradition of public service(B) punishing a systematic abuse of power(C) destroying a popular illusion(D) implementing a lasting concept(E) educating a generation of Athenians

18. Solon’s comparison of himself to a wolf (line 21)
emphasizes his(A) inability to cooperate with others(B) unpopularity with both of Athens’ warring
factions(C) stamina in pursuing a goal(D) vulnerability to human interference(E) cunning and bravery in competition-54-

54 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

Questions 22-31 are based on the following passage.
The following passage, taken from a book written in 1992,
discusses the relative ease with which people can discern
meaning from maps.
The eye and the brain seem to be particularly felicitous partners in the act of map-reading. It is as if we arephysiologically disposed to extract information from maps
Line more rapidly, more intuitively, more globally than from,
5 for example, a text or visual scene. That process of visualmining begins with perception—a process that touches onboth the physiological and the conceptual processing of
map knowledge. Bearing that in mind, we might take awalk with astronomer Patrick Thaddeus, removing him
10 from his preferred milieu, which is mapping carbon
monoxide molecules in the Milky Way with a radio
telescope at Harvard University, and placing him ina rather less exotic environment —namely, the woods
surrounding his country home in upstate New York.
“The forest goes on for miles and miles,” Thaddeus
15
explains. “And I love just walking through the woods bymyself. You’re not alone, in the sense that the forest iscrisscrossed with deer trails. These deer trails are quite
imperceptible. But after a while you know how to recog20 nize them and you can see them. They’re just very faintpatterns that generally tend to go in a straight line. Now I
followed one of these trails for a mile through the woods.
And I suddenly stopped and asked myself, ‘How do I know
I’m on this trail?’ But I am on it, and I suddenly get shaken
25 off. The signal-to-noise ratio [the relevant information, or‘signal,’ compared to irrelevant information, or noise] must
be one in a thousand, or much less than that. That is, I know
I’m on the trail because of a little leaf here, a very faint linear
line. But there are much stronger sources of noise. Trees
30 across the path, great rocks, and things like that —no
computer in the world could possibly filter out that pathfrom all of the conflicting signals around.”Thaddeus can do this, he believes, because of evolution.
“Finding your way home, getting back to your babies, your
35 families, is something which we and our ancestors, bothhuman and animal, have had to do for not just millions
but tens of millions of years,” he continues. “Animals areastonishingly adept at that, following both visual traces andsmell. Smell in humans is a very atrophied sense, but we’re
40 particularly good at visual recognition. So it is technicallytrue that I can follow these trails with a high degree ofconfidence, where I don’t think any computer in the world
has ever been constructed, or could be programmed, to filter
out all the noise and not lock onto the tree trunk or things
45 like that. The point is, human beings think in terms ofimages, and they know what they are looking for. The
educated eye knows what it’s looking for, can see things
that are, in the technical sense of signal to noise, way, way
below one. A very weak, astonishingly weak signal. That
50 is, the human brain is an incredible filter for extracting
information from confusion.”
Confusion is another name for the world unfiltered, andmaps are external, constructed filters that make sense of theconfusion, just as the eye and brain are internal, physio-

logical filters that cut through the bewildering mix of signal
and noise in a visual scene. By breaking down the graphic
or pictorial vocabulary to a bare minimum, maps achieve avisual minimalism that, physiologically speaking, is easyon the eyes. They turn numbers into visual images, create
60 pattern out of measurements, and thus engage the highly
evolved human capacity for pattern recognition. Some of
the most intense research in the neurosciences today is
devoted to elucidating what are described as maps ofperception: how perception filters and maps the relentless
65 torrent of information provided by the sense organs, ourbiotic instruments of measurement. Maps enable humans to
use inherent biological skills of perception, their “educated”
eyes, to separate the message from the static, to see the story
line running through random pattern.
55

22. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) discuss cultural differences in human navigation(B) draw attention to an important human ability(C) express admiration for the skills of mapmakers(D) explain the significance of Thaddeus’ research(E) provide background for a discussion of artificial
intelligence
23. Taking the reader on a “walk” (line 9) primarily
serves to(A) provide a vicarious experience of moving
through space(B) make a hypothesis more concrete through anarrative(C) demonstrate the ease with which anyone cancreate a map(D) increase respect for the science of astronomical
mapping(E) suggest the irony of an astronomer’s becoming
lost in the woods
24. Which statement best summarizes Thaddeus’ point
about signals and noise in lines 25-27 ?
(A) A low ratio provides important information about
signal strength.
(B) Sometimes the noise is more interesting than thesignal.
(C) A signal often begins strongly and then diminishes.
(D) Relative to noise, there is very little signal.
(E) Signals that are powerful are often infrequent.

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Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 55

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

29. In lines 63-64, the phrase “maps of perception” refers to

25. The phrase “educated eye” (line 47) refers to the(A) drawings of the organs of human perception(B) depictions of how the world actually appears to
the human eye(C) models of the way humans process what theyencounter(D) illustrations of how the human eye functions at
the cellular level(E) representations of a place from one person’s
perspective(A) knowledge of a disciplined scientist(B) ability to notice significant details(C) appreciation of individual places(D) habit of seeing only those things that areconsidered pleasant(E) skill needed to create a map that is aestheticallypleasing
26. The portion of the passage relating to Thaddeus furthers
the author’s discussion primarily by(A) providing immediate relevance to an abstract
hypothesis(B) introducing an extended example of an insoluble
problem(C) analyzing a now-discredited explanation of map
reading(D) presenting a scientific view of social behavior(E) comparing humans and animals to filtration
devices
27. The effect of “breaking down” (line 56) is to(A) accentuate selected information(B) make details small(C) create momentary confusion(D) minimize the distinction between words andnumbers(E) eliminate words that would clarify the meaningof images

30. The author’s reference to the “story line” (lines 68-69)
serves the same illustrative purpose as what otherexample?
(A) “carbon monoxide molecules in the Milky Way”
(lines 10-11)(B) “deer trails” (line 18)(C) “any computer” (line 42)(D) “the tree trunk” (line 44)(E) “graphic or pictorial vocabulary” (lines 56-57)
31. Which of the following, if true, would suggest a basic
flaw in the author’s reasoning?

28. In line 60, “engage” most nearly means(A) reserve(B) involve(C) promise(D) lure(E) combat(A) Charting chemicals in the Milky Way bears little
resemblance to mapping terrain.
(B) The human brain is quite adept at extracting
important information from text.
(C) The ability to read visual cues is largely inherited
rather than learned.
(D) Humans create maps not by perceiving existing
patterns but by inventing patterns to cover up
chaos.
(E) All primates have a highly evolved ability toperceive patterns in confusion.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

56 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

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SECTION 6
Time — 15 minutes
12 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.
The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or impliedin the passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 1-12 are based on the following passage.
The passage is adapted from the introduction to a memoir
by a contemporary Native American writer. As a young
woman, the author had decided to separate permanently
from her family.
In 1987 I had a dream about a turtle. (We are the last
family left of the Turtle clan.) A dream, in other words,
about the family.
I am walking along the shore of a lake or a bay towardLine
5 a house in the distance. I step on a small turtle I did not see
lying among the rocks and think I’ve killed it. I am filledwith grief. I leave it there and hurry away towards thehouse. I come back to that place on the shore later and seethat the turtle is not only alive but is no longer the size of a
10 small rock. It has grown a hundred times its previous size.
It’s like a giant sea turtle and is very strong. I am filledwith joy now. I watch as the great turtle walks into thewater and swims away.
The dream was saying that our family only appeared
15 to be dead, stepped on, broken into a million little pieces.
The family — or the power of the family — lives on insome form and is strong. The dream didn’t make sense.
It was only an expression of my longing. My unconscious
would not, after all these years, accept what I knew to be
20 true. The family isn’t dead, it said. Give it up, I said. Let
it go.
In late 1992, just days before this memoir was to go into
print, a niece I hadn’t seen for fifteen years called me at
Eastern Washington University and left a message on my
25 answering machine. This is your niece (she said her name).
I would love to see you. Please give me a call if you would
like to get together. Her voice was still familiar to me after
all these years. I played the message several times, listening
to her voice, remembering.
She is only seven years younger than I am. That was a30
lot when I was a child. She was my little baby doll then. I’dseen her only a few times after I left home at the age offifteen. It wasn’t my intention to see any family members
while I was at Eastern. I wasn’t going to contact any of
35 them. I’d wanted to leave that door closed. They can’t hurtme, I thought, as long as I stay away. This is your niece. I
would love to see you. I picked up the phone and called her.
She would take the day off work on Friday, she said, andcome out to see me.
She did and didn’t look the same as I remembered. I was
40
amazed (though I shouldn’t have been) to see that she was

45

50

55

60

65

70

approaching middle age. And her resemblance to me wasjarring. Same eyes. Similar facial bone structure. I lookedat her and saw the family I came from. She had brought
along her little ten-year-old daughter (who resembled her)whom I’d never seen before. The three of us spent the day
together: shopping at a mall, having lunch. I treated mygreat-niece to a professional haircut and style (French
braid), the first one she’d ever had. My niece and I spoke
as we waited.
My niece, at thirty-nine, was a person who had developed herself, learned through a long process to trust her
own perceptions. We talked about the family and how
dysfunction begets dysfunction.
She had written a master’s thesis about dysfunctionalfamilies and how the dysfunction gets passed down fromone generation to the next. Not intentionally. It almost has
a life of its own. She told me how she and some of her siblings and cousins discussed their own healing, their desire
to break the cycle. “The family is so important,” she said.
“Sometimes I reach out and I’m rebuffed. Well, I justfigure they’re not ready. Everyone has to heal in their own
time and in their own way. And I’m just going to keep onreaching out.”
Once I longed to belong to the family I came from. Not
anymore. I’m one of its broken-off pieces now. But thisniece and others were trying to make what’s left of it strong
again. I would like to believe the family has the power toregenerate itself. I told my niece about the dream I’d hadthat was about the family, the dream of the turtle.
1. The dream discussed in lines 4-13 most directly introduces which aspect of the narrator?
(A) The intensity of her feelings on a personal subject(B) The urgency of her need to create(C) The strength of her desire to live among new
people(D) The depth of her disillusionment with the modern
family(E) The persistence of her determination to meet a
specific goal

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Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 57

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8. The narrator’s statement about “that door” (line 35)
stresses the

2. The narrator’s initial encounter with the turtle
described in lines 5-6 suggests that she viewed
herself as(A) appealing quality of the narrator’s opportunity tovisit relatives(B) definite nature of a decision made before thephone call(C) patronizing tone of the narrator’s spoken
comments(D) contemptuous attitude of the narrator toward her
niece(E) unrealistic assumptions about privacy made by thenarrator(A) inadvertently destroying something valuable(B) unintentionally antagonizing a loved one(C) unwittingly taking on an overwhelming task(D) mistakenly placing blame on an innocent party(E) unconsciously believing lies and misconceptions
3. In the narrator’s dream (lines 4-13), the two sizes of
the turtle most directly represent two(A) interpretations of past complaints made byunhappy family members(B) views of the goals openly embraced by thenarrator’s family(C) predictions about the outcome of the narrator’splans(D) impressions of the health of the narrator’s siblings(E) conceptions of the state of the narrator’s family

9. The effect of including both the narrator’s thoughts andthe niece’s voice in lines 35-37 (“They . . . you”) is to(A) emphasize the discrepancy between theirbackgrounds(B) illustrate the tension between generations(C) introduce the personal ambitions of the niece(D) recreate the seemingly tumultuous setting of thenarrator’s childhood(E) underscore the apparent differences between theirattitudes

4. The passage suggests that for the dream to have made“sense” (line 17) to the narrator in 1987, the dreamshould have ended no later than at the point when the(A) narrator first walks along the shore(B) narrator steps on something she does not see(C) narrator thinks that she has killed the turtle(D) turtle is one hundred times its original size(E) narrator experiences great joy

10. The narrator’s visit with her niece is most similar to thenarrator’s dream in that both episodes(A) reveal that the narrator’s skepticism had unforeseen consequences(B) suggest an alternative to the narrator’s sense ofher family’s condition(C) indicate that the narrator’s beliefs contradicted
her family’s views(D) imply that the narrator’s desires had been shapedby her childhood fantasies(E) hint that the narrator’s impulses may have been
unaccountably hostile

5. The narrator most likely uses the present tense indescribing the dream in order to(A) emphasize the urgency of the danger(B) convey the shock of the unfamiliar setting(C) clarify the mysterious atmosphere of the dream(D) capture the immediacy of the impressions(E) express the recurring beauty of the images
6. In line 20, “dead” most nearly means(A) closed(B) obsolete(C) stultifying(D) empty of emotion(E) beyond hope
7. In lines 18-21 (“My unconscious . . . Let it go”), thenarrator conveys conflicting impulses primarily by(A) contrasting past and future actions(B) exploring two sides of a long-standing
controversy(C) presenting two voices in an argument(D) juxtaposing two people’s views of a single
decision(E) comparing abstract ethical principles withactual behavior-58-

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11. The narrator and her niece differ most on the subject of(A) how a dysfunctional family harms individual
members(B) whether or not one generation’s problems affectsubsequent generations(C) why it would be desirable for their family to
overcome its difficulties(D) whether it is worthwhile to make the effort toreunite their family(E) whether or not individual members of their family
are likely to treat them kindly

12. In lines 44-46, the physical appearance of the child issignificant to the narrator because it(A) confirms the narrator’s sense that outward impressions are misleading(B) reminds the narrator of her experiences with herniece during childhood(C) underscores the commonality that connects thethree people(D) illustrates the emotional ties inherent in relationships across generations(E) reveals the continuity of aspirations from greataunt to great-niece

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 59

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SECTION 7
Time — 15 minutes
10 Questions
Directions: In this section solve each problem, using any available space on the page for scratchwork. Then decide
which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
Notes:
1. The use of a calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers.

Reference Information

2. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

l

r

w

A = πr 2

C = 2πr

A = lwhhb
A = 1– bh2l
V = lwh

r
h

w

c

b

2x
30°

a
V = πr 2hc2 = a2 + b2

√3 x

60° x s 45° √2 s
45°

s

Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

1. Add 3.
2. Multiply by 4.
3. Subtract 6.
4. Divide by 5.

1. A certain type of candy bar weighs 3 ounces. Whatis the total weight, in pounds, of the contents of abox that contains 160 of these candy bars?
(16 ounces = 1 pound)(A) 48(B) 30(C) 28(D) 24(E) 103. The sequence of operations above is to be applied, inorder, to a number x such that the result of each operation is used as the starting value for the next operation.
Which of the following expressions represents theresult after step 4 has been completed?
(A) 4 ( x + 3) −(B)(C)

2. In the figure above, three lines intersect at a point.
What is the value of y ?
(A) 65(B) 70(C) 75(D) 8060 Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test

(E) 856
5

4 ( x + 3)
−6
5

0

5

4 x +3 - 6
5(D)

4 ( x + 3 − 6)5(E)

4x + 3 - 6
5

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4. A crate contains 63 oranges, 47 apples, and 95 pears.
If 1 more of each type of fruit were added to the crate,each of the three types of fruit could be divided equally
among a group of people. What is the greatest possible
number of people in such a group?
(A) 8(B) 12(C) 15(D) 16

9. For integers q, r, s, and t, if q is a factor of r, and r
is a factor of s, which of the following must be true?
I. q is a factor of s.
II. If q is a factor of t, then r is a factor of t.
III. If s is a factor of t, then q is a factor of t.

(E) 32(A) I only(B) II only(C) I and II only(D) I and III only(E) I, II, and III

5. A 50-foot rope is cut into four pieces so that thelength of the second piece is twice the length of thefirst piece, the length of the third piece is twice thelength of the second piece, and the length of the fourth
piece is 8 feet. What is the length, in feet, of theshortest piece?
(A) 6

(B) 7

(C) 7

1
2

(E) 10

(D) 8

1
2

x
< 12 and y = x + 3, which of the following
4must be true?

6. If(A) x < 3(D) y < 19(B) x < 16(C) y > 6(E) y < 51

7. If the average (arithmetic mean) of r and s is 20 andthe average of x, y, and z is 30, what is the average ofr, s, x, y, and z ?
(A) 23(B) 24(C) 25(D) 26(E) 27
10. In the figure above, the circle has center P andradius r. Lines AB and AC are tangent to the circle.
If M is the midpoint of segment AC and the measureof ∠ PMC equals the measure of ∠ MPC, what is thelength, in terms of r, of segment PA ?
(A) r + 1(D) r 3(B) 2r(C) r 2(E) r 5

8. In the figure above, point P is the reflection ofpoint A through the line y = x. What is the slopeof the line that passes through points A and P ?
(A) −1

(B) −

1
2

(C) 0

(D)

1
2

(E) 1

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

Taking the SAT I: Reasoning Test 61