ESSAYTime — 25 minutes

Turn to page 2 of your answer sheet to write your ESSAY.
The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, takecare to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely.
Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet— you will receive no other paper on which to write.
You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size.
Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what
you are writing is legible to those readers.
Important Reminders:• A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero.
• Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on youranswer sheet.
• An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero.
• If your essay does not reflect your original and individual work, your scores for the entire test may be canceled.
• An electronic copy of your essay will be made available to each of your designated score recipients: colleges,
universities, and scholarship programs.
You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below.

Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.
A colleague of the great scientist James Watson remarked that Watson was always “lounging
around, arguing about problems instead of doing experiments.” He concluded that “There ismore than one way of doing good science.” It was Watson’s form of idleness, the scientist
went on to say, that allowed him to solve “the greatest of all biological problems: the discoveryof the structure of DNA.” It is a point worth remembering in a society overly concerned withefficiency.
Adapted from John C. Polanyi, “Understanding Discovery”
Assignment:

Do people accomplish more when they are allowed to do things in their own way? Plan and write an essay
in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples
taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.

BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET.

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

SECTION 2Time — 25 minutes
20 Questions

Turn to Section 2 (page 4) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.

1. When 70,000 is written as 7.0 ¥ 10 n , what is thevalue of n ?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5

2. On a car trip Sam drove m miles, Kara drove twice as
many miles as Sam, and Darin drove 20 fewer miles
than Kara. In terms of m, how many miles did Darin
drive?
(A) 2 m + 20

(B) 2 m - 20m
+ 202
m + 20
(D)
2
m
(E)
- 20
2

(C)

3. If x and y are positive integers, what are all thesolutions ( x, y ) of the equation 3 x + 2 y = 11?

(1, 4 ) only(3,1) only(C) (1, 4 ) and (2,2 )(D) (1, 4 ) and (3,1)(E) (2,2 ) and (3,1)
(A)

(B)

4. A company’s profit, P, in dollars, for producing
x machines in one day is given by P = 500 x - 20 x 2 .
If the company produces 10 machines in one day, then,according to this formula, what is the profit for thatday?

(A) $5,000(B) $4,000(C) $3,000(D) $2,000(E) $1,000

12 - n, 12, 12 + n

7. A fruit salad is made from pineapples, pears, andpeaches mixed in the ratio of 2 to 3 to 5, respectively,by weight. What fraction of the mixture by weight ispineapple?
(A)

1
5

(B)

3
10

(C)

2
5

(D)

1
2

(E)

2
3

5. What is the average (arithmetic mean) of the
3 quantities in the list above?
(A)4(B) 12(C) 18n3n(E) 12 +3(D)

4+

8. In the figure above, square RSTU is inscribed in thep?
circle. What is the degree measure of arc ST(A) 45(B) 60(C) 90(D) 120(E) 180

9. If P and Q are two sets of numbers, and if every
number in P is also in Q, which of the following
CANNOT be true?
(A) 4 is in both P and Q.
(B) 5 is in neither P nor Q.
(C) 6 is in P, but not in Q.
(D) 7 is in Q, but not in P.
(E) If 8 is not in Q, then 8 is not in P.

6. In isosceles triangle ABC above, AM and CM are
the angle bisectors of angle BAC and angle BCA.
What is the measure of angle AMC ?
(A) 110(B) 115(C) 120(D) 125(E) 130

10. What is the maximum number of rectangular blocks
measuring 3 inches by 2 inches by 1 inch that can bepacked into a cube-shaped box whose interior measures
6 inches on an edge?
(A) 24(B) 28(C) 30(D) 36(E) 4011. If a

0 and

14. A boat costs x dollars, and this cost is to be sharedequally by a group of people. In terms of x, how many
dollars less will each person contribute if there are
4 people in the group instead of 3 ?
x
12
x
(B)
4
x
(C)
3
7x
(D)
12

(A)

5
5+a
=
, what is the value of x ?
x
x+a(E) 7x(A) -5(B) -1
(C) 1
(D) 2
(E) 5

15. If y = 2 x + 3 and x 2, which of the following
represents all the possible values for y ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

y
y
y
y
5

7
7
5
5
y

7

12. The figure above is composed of 25 small triangles thatare congruent and equilateral. If the area of !DFH is
10, what is the area of ! AFK ?
(A) 40(B) 42.5(C) 50(D) 52.5(E) 62.5

3 x + 2 y + 2 z = 19
3 x + y + z = 14

13. If the equations above are true, which of the following
is the value of y + z ?
(A) -5(B) - 4
(C) 0
(D) 4
(E)
5

16. The graphs of the functions f and g in the intervalfrom x = -2 to x = 2 are shown above. Which of
the following could express g in terms of f ?
(A) g ( x ) = f ( x + 1)

(B) g ( x ) = f ( x ) + 1(C) g ( x ) = f ( x + 1) + 1(D) g ( x ) = f ( x - 1)

(E) g ( x ) = f ( x ) - 1

17. In the figure above, a shaded polygon which has equalsides and equal angles is partially covered with a sheetof blank paper. If x + y = 80, how many sides does
the polygon have?
(A) Ten(B) Nine(C) Eight(D) Seven(E) Six

19. On the day of a rainstorm, the depth of the water at a
certain location along the Winding River was recorded
hourly, and the results are indicated in the line graphabove. Each unit on the vertical axis represents 1 foot.
If the depth of the water decreased 10 percent from3:00 P.M. to 4:00 P.M., what was the depth of the waterat 4:00 P.M.?
(A) 3 feet(B) 15 feet(C) 18 feet(D) 20 feet(E) 30 feet

18. If s, t, u, and v are the coordinates of the indicatedpoints on the number line above, which of thefollowing is greatest?
(A)

s+t

(B)

s+v

(C)

s-t

(D)

s-v

(E)

s+u

20. For all numbers a and b, let a ! b be defined bya ! b = ab + a + b. For all numbers x, y, and z,
which of the following must be true?
I. x ! y = y ! x
II. ( x - 1) ! ( x + 1) = ( x ! x ) - 1
III. x ! ( y + z ) = ( x ! y ) + ( x ! z )(A) I only(B) II only(C) III only(D) I and II only(E) I, II, and III

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

SECTION 4Time — 25 minutes
24 Questions

Turn to Section 4 (page 5) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneaththe sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A
through E. Choose the word or set of words that, wheninserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of thesentence as a whole.
Example:Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed
a compromise that they felt would be ------- to bothlabor and management.
(A) enforce . . useful(B) end . . divisive(C) overcome . . unattractive(D) extend . . satisfactory(E) resolve . . acceptable
1. Some fans feel that sports events are ------- only when
the competitors are of equal ability, making theoutcome of the game -------.
(A) successful . . assured(B) boring . . questionable(C) dull . . foreseen(D) interesting . . predictable(E) exciting . . uncertain
2. Alfred Schnittke’s musical compositions are -------:
phrases are clipped, broken into sections, and split
apart by long rests.
(A) garnished (B) improvisational(C) fragmented (D) cautious (E) uniform
3. The consumer advocate claimed that while drug
manufacturers ------- the supposed advantagesof their proprietary brands, generic versions of
the same medications are often equally -------.
(A) tout . . efficacious(B) research . . innocuous(C) market . . prohibitive(D) laud . . counterproductive(E) extract . . prescriptive

4. Latoya’s ------- is shown by her ability to be -------:
she can see her own faults more clearly than anyone
else can.
(A) perceptiveness . . self-centered(B) objectivity . . restrictive(C) cynicism . . self-destructive(D) open-mindedness . . complacent(E) insightfulness . . self-critical
5. The bearded dragon lizard is a voracious eater, so ------that it will consume as many insects as possible.
(A) abstemious(D) insatiable(B) cannibalistic(E) unpalatable(C) slovenly

6. Because drummer Tony Williams paved the way forlater jazz-fusion musicians, he is considered a ------of that style.
(A) connoisseur(D) disparager(B) revivalist(C) beneficiary(E) progenitor

7. The politician’s speech to the crowd was composed ofnothing but -------, a bitter railing against the party’s
opponents.
(A) digressions (B) diatribes (C) platitudes(D) machinations (E) acclamations
8. Favoring economy of expression in writing, theprofessor urged students toward a ------- rather
than an ------- prose style.
(A) spare . . ornate(B) terse . . opinionated(C) personal . . academic(D) baroque . . embellished(E) repetitive . . intricate

The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also
be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in thepassages and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 9-12 are based on the following passages.
Passage 1

Line
5

10

Food has always been considered one of the most salient
markers of cultural traditions. When I was a small child,food was the only thing that helped identify my family as
Filipino American. We ate pansit lug-lug (a noodle dish)and my father put patis (salty fish sauce) on everything.
However, even this connection lessened as I grew older.
As my parents became more acculturated, we ate lesstypically Filipino food. When I was twelve, my mothertook cooking classes and learned to make French and
Italian dishes. When I was in high school, we ate chicken
marsala and shrimp fra diablo more often than Filipino
dishes like pansit lug-lug.
Passage 2

15

20Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin— who in 1825 confidently announced, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell
you who you are”— would have no trouble describing
cultural identities of the United States. Our food reveals
us as tolerant adventurers who do not feel constrainedby tradition. We “play with our food” far more readily
than we preserve the culinary rules of our varied ancestors.
Americans have no single national cuisine. What unites
American eaters culturally is how we eat, not what weeat. As eaters, Americans mingle the culinary traditionsof many regions and cultures. We are multiethnic eaters.
9. Which of the following statements best captures
the relationship between the two passages?
(A) Passage 1 notes problems for which Passage 2
proposes solutions.
(B) Passage 1 presents claims that are debunked
by Passage 2.
(C) Passage 2 furnishes a larger context for
the experiences described in Passage 1.
(D) Passage 2 provides an update of the situation
depicted in Passage 1.
(E) Passage 2 uses material presented in Passage 1
to correct a popular misconception.

10. The author of Passage 2 would most likely regard
the mother’s willingness to “make French and
Italian dishes” (lines 9-10, Passage 1) as(A) laughably pretentious(B) understandably conservative(C) typically American(D) a regrettable compromise(E) a surprising attitude
11. The two passages differ in their discussions of foodprimarily in that Passage 1(A) considers specific dishes eaten by particularpeople, whereas Passage 2 comments on
a culture’s general attitude toward eating(B) contrasts the cuisines of different cultures,
whereas Passage 2 emphasizes culinary
practices common to all cultures(C) presents an abstract theory of food, whereas
Passage 2 offers a historical analysis ofconsumption(D) emphasizes the role of nostalgia in foodpreferences, whereas Passage 2 rejects
that approach as overly sentimental(E) outlines some popular choices in cuisine,whereas Passage 2 underscores thosethat are more unusual
12. Unlike the author of Passage 2, the author of
Passage 1 makes significant use of(A) direct quotation(B) sociological analysis(C) hypothetical assumptions(D) historical sources(E) personal experienceQuestions 13-24 are based on the following passages.
The passages below discuss the possibility of locating
intelligent life on other planets. Passage 1 has been
adapted from a 1999 book on the history of the universe.
Passage 2 was excerpted from a 2000 book on thescientific quest for extraterrestrial life.
Passage 1

Line
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Generations of science-fiction movies have conditioned
us to consider bug-eyed monsters, large-brained intellectual
humanoids, and other rather sophisticated extraterrestrial
creatures as typical examples of life outside Earth. The
reality, however, is that finding any kind of life at all, evensomething as simple as bacteria, would be one of the most
exciting discoveries ever made.
The consensus within the scientific community seems tobe that we eventually will find not only life in other parts ofthe galaxy but also intelligent and technologically advanced
life. I have to say that I disagree. While I believe we willfind other forms of life in other solar systems (if not in
our own), I also feel it is extremely unlikely that a large
number of advanced technological civilizations are out
there, waiting to be discovered. The most succinct support
for my view comes from Nobel laureate physicist
Enrico Fermi, the man who ran the first nuclear reaction
ever controlled by human beings. Confronted at a 1950
luncheon with scientific arguments for the ubiquity oftechnologically advanced civilizations, he supposedly
said, “So where is everybody?”
This so-called Fermi Paradox embodies a simple logic.
Human beings have had modern science only a few hundred years, and already we have moved into space. It is not
hard to imagine that in a few hundred more years we will
be a starfaring people, colonizing other systems. Fermi’s
argument maintains that it is extremely unlikely that manyother civilizations discovered science at exactly the sametime we did. Had they acquired science even a thousand
years earlier than we, they now could be so much moreadvanced that they would already be colonizing our solar
system.
If, on the other hand, they are a thousand years behindus, we will likely arrive at their home planet before theyeven begin sending us radio signals. Technologicaladvances build upon each other, increasing technologicalabilities faster than most people anticipate. Imagine, forexample, how astounded even a great seventeenth-century
scientist like Isaac Newton would be by our current global
communication system, were he alive today. Where arethose highly developed extraterrestrial civilizations so dearto the hearts of science-fiction writers? Their existence isfar from a foregone conclusion.

Passage 2
45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

Although posed in the most casual of circumstances,
the Fermi Paradox has reverberated through the decades
and has at times threatened to destroy the credibilityof those scientists seriously engaged in the Search for
Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) research program.
One possible answer to Fermi’s question (“If there are
extraterrestrials, where are they?”) is that extraterrestrials
have in fact often visited Earth, and continue to do so.
This is the answer of those who believe in the existenceof unidentified flying objects, or UFO’s. But few scientists, even those engaged in SETI, take the UFO claims
seriously. “You won’t find anyone around here who
believes in UFO’s,” says Frank Drake, a well-known
SETI scientist. If one discounts the UFO claims, yet still
believes that there are many technological civilizations in
the galaxy, why have they not visited us? Drake’s answer
is straightforward: “High-speed interstellar travel is sodemanding of resources and so hazardous that intelligent
civilizations don’t attempt it.” And why should theyattempt it, when radio communication can supply all
the information they might want?
At first glance, Drake’s argument seems very persuasive. The distances between stars are truly immense.
To get from Earth to the nearest star and back, travelingat 99 percent of the speed of light, would take 8 years.
And SETI researchers have shown that, to acceleratea spacecraft to such a speed, to bring it to a stop, andto repeat the process in the reverse direction, would
take almost unimaginable amounts of energy.
Astronomer Ben Zuckerman challenges Drake’s
notion that technological beings would be satisfied withradio communication. “Drake’s implicit assumption isthat the only thing we’re going to care about is intelligent life. But what if we have an interest in simpler
life-forms? If you turn the picture around and you havesome advanced extraterrestrials looking at the Earth, until
the last hundred years there was no evidence of intelligent
life but for billions of years before that they could havededuced that this was a very unusual world and that there
were probably living creatures on it. They would have hadbillions of years to come investigate.” Zuckerman contends
that the reason extraterrestrials haven’t visited us is that so
few exist.

13. Which statement about the Fermi Paradox is supported
by both passages?

17. Passage 1 suggests that the Fermi Paradox depends
most directly on which assumption?

(A) It articulates a crucial question for those interested
in the existence of extraterrestrials.
(B) It clarifies the astronomical conditions required
to sustain life on other planets.
(C) It reveals the limitations of traditional ideas
about the pace of technological change.
(D) It demonstrates the scientific community’s
fascination with the concept of interstellar
travel.
(E) It suggests that advanced extraterrestrial
civilizations may be uninterested in our
culture.

(A) Extraterrestrial civilizations may not wish to bediscovered by human beings.
(B) Extraterrestrial civilizations would most likely
have discovered technology at about the sametime human beings discovered it.
(C) Extraterrestrial technology would develop at
roughly the same rate as human technology.
(D) Extraterrestrial civilizations would inevitably
use technology for aggressive ends.
(E) Science is a more powerful form of humanknowledge than are art and literature.

14. Which statement best describes a significant difference
between the two passages?
(A) Passage 1 analyzes a literary form, while
Passage 2 argues that literature has little
bearing on science.
(B) Passage 1 presents an argument, while Passage 2
surveys current opinion in a debate.
(C) Passage 1 concludes by rejecting the Fermi
Paradox, while Passage 2 opens byembracing it.
(D) Passage 1 describes a phenomenon, while
Passage 2 details a belief system that would
reject such a phenomenon.
(E) Passage 1 defends a viewpoint, while Passage 2questions that viewpoint’s place in scientificresearch.
15. The author of Passage 1 mentions “monsters,”“humanoids,” and “creatures” (lines 2-4)
primarily to(A) question the literary value of science fiction(B) contrast fictional notions with a scientificperspective(C) offer examples of the human fear of the unknown(D) criticize science fiction for being unduly alarmist(E) suggest that scientific research has been influenced by science fiction
16. In line 17, “ran” most nearly means(A) fled(B) accumulated(C) traversed(D) managed(E) incurred

18. The claim made in Passage 1 that a “consensus”
exists (lines 8-11) would most likely be interpretedby the author of Passage 2 as(A) evidence of compromise in the scientificcommunity(B) an attack on SETI researchers(C) support for Fermi’s analysis(D) a revelation of an unexpected truth(E) an oversimplification of a complex debate
19. The author of Passage 1 mentions Isaac Newton(lines 37-40) in order to(A) emphasize the rapid rate of technologicalinnovation(B) acknowledge the impact of a profound thinker(C) criticize the inflexibility of Newton’scontemporaries(D) speculate about Newton’s influence on current
research(E) highlight the value of scientific curiosity
20. In lines 44-48, the author of Passage 2 indicates that
the Fermi Paradox has been(A) thoroughly misunderstood(B) surprisingly influential(C) overwhelmingly perplexing(D) intermittently popular(E) frequently misquoted

21. How would Frank Drake (line 56, Passage 2) most
likely respond to the statement by the author of
Passage 1 about humans “colonizing other systems”(line 26) ?
(A) The means to accomplish such a project may bebeyond our reach.
(B) Interstellar colonization is as morally problematicas was colonization on Earth.
(C) We would do better to study indigenous life-forms
rather than search for extraterrestrial creatures.
(D) Humans would be wise to consider that they
themselves are subject to colonization.
(E) Funding for such an undertaking would posea thorny political issue for any government.

23. In line 63, “radio communication” is cited as a(A) complex interaction(B) technological relic(C) common occurrence(D) practical alternative(E) dramatic advance
24. Both the author of Passage 1 and Ben Zuckerman(line 73, Passage 2) imply that researchers seeking life
on another planet should focus on which of thefollowing?
(A) Seasonal variations in color due to plant life(B) Evidence of the most basic forms of life(C) Signs of artificially created structures(D) Signals that might be radio communications(E) Changes in geological surface features

22. In line 57, “claims” most nearly means(A) demands(B) assertions(C) rights(D) territories(E) compensations

NOTE: The reading passages in this test are generally drawn frompublished works, and this material is sometimes adapted for testing
purposes. The ideas contained in the passages do not necessarily
represent the opinions of the College Board.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

SECTION 5Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions

Turn to Section 5 (page 5) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.

The following sentences test correctness and effectivenessof expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways ofphrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats theoriginal phrasing; the other four choices are different. If
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, selectone of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the requirements ofstandard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation.
Your selection should result in the most effective
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness orambiguity.
EXAMPLE:
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first bookand she was sixty-five years old then.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then(B) when she was sixty-five(C) at age sixty-five years old(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years(E) at the time when she was sixty-five

1. The library is older than it but still just as beautiful as
the courthouse.
(A) older than it but still just as beautiful as thecourthouse(B) older and it is just as beautiful as the courthouse(C) older than the courthouse; it is just as beautiful as it(D) older than the courthouse but just as beautiful(E) just as beautiful as the courthouse and it is older
than it

2. Winslow Homer, one of America’s foremost artists,
spent his last 27 years and painted on the scenic Maine
coast.
(A) spent his last 27 years and painted(B) spent his last 27 years having painted(C) spent his last 27 years painting(D) having spent his last 27 years doing his painting(E) spending his last 27 years painting
3. Researchers are experimenting with various techniques
for preventing the accumulation in water of high levelsof nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals.
(A) nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals(B) nitrogen; plants and animals can be killed(C) nitrogen, that is what can kill plants and animals(D) nitrogen, they could kill plants and animals(E) nitrogen, and they can kill plants and animals
4. When the news spread how new goldfields werediscovered in Nome, Alaska, thousands abandoned
Dawson, the site of the previous gold rush.
(A) how new goldfields were discovered(B) how there was discovery of new goldfields(C) about new goldfields, which they discovered(D) about new goldfields, and they were discovered(E) about new goldfields that had been discovered
5. When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War,began to be torn down in 1989, five million people
went to Berlin to celebrate that.
(A) to celebrate that(B) for its celebration(C) to celebrate(D) in celebration of that(E) in celebrating6. To complete the music program, a student must present
one vocal performance, one instrumental performance,and composing one original work.

9. New Zealand’s Kaikoura Peninsula, a ruggedly
beautiful spit of land, borders an undersea canyon thatis home to the sperm whale and the giant squid.

(A) and composing one original work(B) and one original composition(C) with one original composition(D) and to compose one original work(E) as well as the student’s original composition(A) borders an undersea canyon that is(B) bordering an undersea canyon,(C) and it borders an undersea canyon, which is(D) which borders an undersea canyon,(E) is the border of an undersea canyon, being

7. Zookeepers have expanded one’s definition of care toinclude concern for the animal’s mental state as well as
for its physical well-being.

10. In similarity with some other great works, the enduringhorror tale Frankenstein was first publishedanonymously; its author, Mary Shelley, wrote thenovel when she was not quite nineteen years old.

(A) have expanded one’s definition of care to include(B) have expanded one’s definition of care, including(C) expand their definition of care, they include(D) expanding the definition of care to include(E) have expanded their definition of care to include
8. The time and the place for such a large event is subject
to approving from the mayor’s office.
(A) The time and the place for such a large event issubject to approving from the mayor’s office.
(B) For such a large event, the time and the place aresubject to the mayor’s office’s approving them.
(C) The time and the place for such a large event are
subject to the approval of the mayor’s office.
(D) The time and place for such a large event are
subject to be approved by the office of themayor.
(E) Subject to the approval of the mayor’s office are
the time and place for such a large event taking
place.

(A) In similarity with(B) As(C) Like what happened with(D) Like the case with(E) Like
11. The book is useful because it offers not just philosophy and theory but also tells you what and how tolive every day.
(A) but also tells you what and how to live every day(B) but also it gives ways of everyday living(C) but also advice for everyday living(D) but also it gives practical advice for everyday life(E) and also tells you what to do and how to live
every dayThe following sentences test your ability to recognize
grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains eithera single error or no error at all. No sentence contains morethan one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the
one underlined part that must be changed to make thesentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E.
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard
written English.

14. The newly elected Prime Minister, to the dismayAB
of opponents from other parties, have argued forC
the strict regulation of campaign financing. No error
DE

15. Studies have suggested that eating nuts— almonds

EXAMPLE:The other delegates and him immediately
A
B
C
accepted the resolution drafted by theDneutral states. No error
E

12. The country found that its economy was growingA
more stronger , with an improved outlook and more
B
C
opportunities for training and employment. No error
DE

13. The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains delicate
A
patterns that are unique to each person, offering a
BC
powerful means of identification. No error
DEA
in particular—might help to lower blood cholesterolBlevels in humans and reducing the risk of heart diseaseCby protecting the blood vessels. No error
DE

16. In English literature James Boswell is the prime
A
example of a biographer who, by ensuring theBimmortality of another author, has achievedC
immortality for himself . No error
DE

17. Because the garden was untended , the windowsA
had no shutters, and the lawn overrun by weeds,
BC
people passing by the old house assumed thatD
it was unoccupied. No errorE18. Until recently, most people entering politics feel that
A
B
loss of privacy was a fair price to pay for the chanceCD
to participate in policy making. No error
E

22. It was a Chinese American grower who finallyA
succeeded with adapting the now familiar
BCorange tree to the American climate. No error
DE

19. Only by tapping their last reserves of energy were the23. The survey indicated that workers in the United StatesA
B
team members able to salvage what was beginning

hope that his or her wages will keep pace withC
to look like a lost cause. No errorAB
the rising cost of living. No error

DE

20. When Doris Lessing published The Golden Notebook
in 1962, it instantly established herself as one ofABCthe most important literary voices of her generation.
D
No errorE

21. Not many authors have described the effects
A
B

D

C

E

24. In Angkor, Cambodia’s ancient city, a cleverA
designed reservoir, five miles long and one mile wide,
supplied fish and helped farmers to produceCDB
three crops of rice annually. No error
E

25. Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and uncleof environmental pollution as effective asCflew from Turkey to visit their relatives and tour
A
B

Rachel Carson, whose work is still a model forD

the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and I toCnature writers. No errorE

her house to meet them. No error
DE26. Ongoing research by several scientists suggest thatA
B

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.

regular periods of meditation reduce blood pressure
C

Read the passage and select the best answers for thequestions that follow. Some questions are about particularsentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improvesentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
to consider organization and development. In choosing
answers, follow the requirements of standard written
English.

and are likely to contribute to other improvementsDin health. No error
E

27. Because the American Indian rodeo includes games
and exhibitions developed as early as the seventeenthAcentury, they predate by a few hundred years
BC
the form of rodeo now seen on television. No error
DE

28. Five years in the writing , her new book isAboth a response to her critics’ mistrust withBC
her earlier findings and an elaboration of herDoriginal thesis. No error
E

29. Despite its cultural importance, the Daily GazetteAlost 70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and,B
by 1955, was losing as much as $200,000 a year.
CD
No errorE

Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.
(1) No one owns Antarctica. (2) The nations of
the world agreed— some of them reluctantly— that all
countries would share the continent for the purposes ofscientific research. (3) Governed by the Antarctic Treaty,
written in 1959 and adopted in 1961, which has beensigned by 27 countries. (4) Another 17 countries haveagreed to abide by the treaty in order to participate inresearch being done in Antarctica.
(5) In Antarctica, relations among the researchers andtheir countries are both simpler and more complicated thanin the rest of the world. (6) Relations are simpler because
each country has only a few scientists on this isolated
continent. (7) Treaty clauses assure that the research there
is nonmilitary. (8) On the other hand, when conflicts doarise, there is no clear process for dealing with them.
(9) Decisions that can make or break the preservationof Antarctica’s unique environment and its scientificopportunities depend on a political system designed tohave nobody in command.
(10) Clear decision making has become a more urgent
challenge as more tourists are attracted to Antarctica.
(11) Scientists living on Antarctica were not always as
careful to preserve the pristine environment as they are
now. (12) Tour operators are working with treaty members
to devise regulations, and there are plans to assess theenvironmental impacts of tours. (13) But regulations
and assessment plans may prove difficult to settle onand enforce in a place where jurisdiction is unclear.
30. What must be done to sentence 3 ?
(A) Combine it with sentence 2, putting a comma
after “research”.
(B) Begin it with the words “Antarctica is”.
(C) Replace the comma after “1961” with asemicolon.
(D) Place the words “it was” before “written”.
(E) Change “1961, which” to “1961. It”.

34. Which sentence should be deleted?

31. What should be done with sentence 7 ?
(A) Change “assure” to “make sure”.
(B) Change “Treaty clauses” to “The clauses agreed
to by the diverse countries represented there”.
(C) Place sentence 7 before sentence 6.
(D) Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing
the period after “continent” to a comma.
(E) Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing“continent. Treaty” to “continent and also
because treaty”.

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 11(D) 12(E) 13

35. The third paragraph would be improved if which of thefollowing sentences were added?

32. In context, which is the best revision of the underlined
portion of sentence 9 (reproduced below) ?
Decisions that can make or break the preservation of Antarctica’s unique environment andits scientific opportunities depend on a political systemdesigned to have nobody in command.
(A) create or destroy(B) support or dispute(C) be determined by(D) be critical to(E) be an adjustment to(A) Scientists collect ice cores by driving a hollow
tube deep into the miles-thick ice sheets.
(B) If the West Antarctic ice sheet melted,
global seas would rise by 15 to 20 feet.
(C) It is the driest place in the world, yet it contains
70 percent of Earth’s freshwater.
(D) One cruise ship encountered 30-foot waves all theway across the Drake Passage.
(E) Last year, more than 10,000 tourists visited
Antarctica, bringing soiled boots, climbing gear,and trash to many locations.

33. The purpose of the second paragraph is to(A) present a situation that has contradictory elements(B) offer a solution to a problem discussed in the firstparagraph(C) present an argument and its final resolution(D) examine a theory in light of new discoveries(E) discuss a theory that will be refuted in the thirdparagraph

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

SECTION 6Time — 25 minutes
18 Questions

Turn to Section 6 (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 25 minutes to complete both types. For questions 1-8, solve
each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You may
use any available space for scratchwork.

1. If x + k = 12 and p( x + k ) = 36, what is the valueof p ?
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 6
(D) 9
(E) 12

2. If 13 is added to one-half of a certain number, theresult is 37. What is the original number?
(A) 24(B) 40(C) 48(D) 61(E) 805. In the figure above, point B lies on AC. If x and y
are integers, which of the following is a possible valueof x ?
3. In the figure above, the usual route from Town A to
Town D is indicated by the solid line. The broken line
indicates a detour route from B to C through E .
Each line segment is labeled with its length in miles.
How many more miles is the trip from Town A to
Town D via the detour than via the usual route?
(A) 4
(B) 8
(C) 10(D) 12(E) 18(A) 30(B) 35(C) 40(D) 50(E) 55

6. The least and greatest numbers in a list of 7 real
numbers are 2 and 20, respectively. The median of thelist is 6, and the number 3 occurs most often in the list.
Which of the following could be the average (arithmeticmean) of the numbers in the list?
I. 7
II. 8.5
III. 10

x

y

1

7.5

2

13.0

3

18.5

4

24.0

4. Which of the following equations expresses
y in terms of x for each of the four pairs of values
shown in the table above?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

y = 5 x + 7.5
y = 5.5 x + 2
y = 5.5 x + 7.5
y = 7.5 x
y = 7.5 x + 5.5(A) I only(B) I and II only(C) I and III only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III

7. In the xy-coordinate plane, how many points are a
distance of 4 units from the origin?
(A) One(B) Two(C) Three(D) Four(E) More than four

FamilyNumber ofConsecutive
NightsJackson10

Callan5

Epstein

8

Liu

6

Benton8

8. The table above shows the number of consecutive
nights that each of five families stayed at a certain
hotel during a 14-night period. If the Liu family’s stay
did not overlap with the Benton family’s stay, which of
the 14 nights could be a night on which only one of thefive families stayed at the hotel?
(A) The 3rd(B) The 5th(C) The 6th(D) The 8th(E) The 10th

9. If a cake is cut into thirds and each third is cut into
fourths, how many pieces of cake are there?

h, where h is a constant, and if y = 3 whenxx = 4, what does y equal when x = 6 ?

10. If y =15. The area of the figure above is

9. What is the4

perimeter of the figure?

11. In the figure above, point B lies on side AC. If
55 x 60, what is one possible value of y ?

12. The price of a certain item was $10 in 1990 and it
has gone up by $2 per year since 1990. If this trend
continues, in what year will the price be $100 ?

16. If j is chosen at random from the set 4, 5, 6 andk is chosen at random from the set 10, 11, 12 , whatis the probability that the product of j and k is divisibleby 5 ?

17. Tom and Alison are both salespeople. Tom’s weekly
compensation consists of $300 plus 20 percent of his
sales. Alison’s weekly compensation consists of $200
plus 25 percent of her sales. If they both had the sameamount of sales and the same compensation for aparticular week, what was that compensation, in
dollars? (Disregard the dollar sign when gridding youranswer.)13. The figure above shows the graph of a quadratic
function in the xy-plane. Of all the points ( x, y ) on thegraph, for what value of x is the value of y greatest?

tx + 12 y = -3

18. The equation above is the equation of a line in thexy-plane, and t is a constant. If the slope of the line
is -10, what is the value of t ?

14. The number n is a 2-digit number. When n is divided
by 10, the remainder is 9, and when n is divided by 9,
the remainder is 8. What is the value of n ?

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

SECTION 7
Time — 25 minutes
24 Questions

Turn to Section 7 (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneaththe sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A
through E. Choose the word or set of words that, wheninserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of thesentence as a whole.
Example:Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed
a compromise that they felt would be ------- to bothlabor and management.
(A) enforce . . useful(B) end . . divisive(C) overcome . . unattractive(D) extend . . satisfactory(E) resolve . . acceptable
1. Black Americans in Flight, a mural honoring several
aviation pioneers, also ------- the 1992 spaceflight ofastronaut Mae Jemison.
(A) discerns (B) introduces (C) approximates(D) commemorates (E) asserts

2. The new antifungal agent has such ------- uses, fromtreating Dutch elm disease to rescuing water-damaged
works of art from molds, that it is considered one of
the more ------- antibiotics.
(A) disturbing . . explicit(B) innovative . . precipitous(C) mysterious . . recognized(D) varied . . versatile(E) similar . . discriminating
3. The child had a tendency toward aggressive behavior,a ------- fighting rather than resolving differencesamicably.
(A) propensity for (B) confusion about(C) disregard of (D) hostility toward(E) compunction about
4. Physical exercise often has a ------- effect, releasing
emotional tension and refreshing the spirit.
(A) pejorative (B) debilitating(D) retentive (E) tenacious(C) cathartic

5. Because rap and hip-hop offer such ------- commentaryon contemporary issues, they are often said to be
sharp-edged musical genres.
(A) nebulous(D) prosaic(B) trenchant(E) benign(C) circumspectEach passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or impliedin each passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.
“Mechanical pencils rule,” my fifteen-year-old
grandniece, Genevieve, declared when I invited her tobe her generation’s voice on school supplies. “Nobody
Line sharpens anymore.” Then, continuing with a fashion
5 maven’s hyperbole and arbitrary imperatives, she gave
a passionate disquisition on types of clickers, new grips,
smaller lead sizes, and other niceties of pencil selection.
As she consigned the yellow-painted wooden pencil to
the wastebasket of history, I felt a rush of nostalgia for
10 the perfumed sharpener shavings of my youth.
6. In lines 4-5, the author refers to a “fashion maven’s”
tone primarily in order to(A) imply that Genevieve has only a superficial
appreciation of mechanical pencils(B) suggest that Genevieve is excessively concerned
about her clothing(C) illustrate some of the exaggerated claims madeby mechanical pencil manufacturers(D) emphasize the unpredictability of trends in consumer tastes(E) indicate that Genevieve expresses her opinionswith authority and flair
7. The author mentions “sharpener shavings” (line 10)
in order to portray a mood of(A) unrestrained joy(B) sentimental reminiscence(C) bitter disappointment(D) cautious optimism(E) dark foreboding

Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage.

Line
5

10

Black holes are the most efficient engines of destruction
known to humanity. Their intense gravity is a one-way
ticket to oblivion, and material spiraling into them canheat up to millions of degrees and glow brightly. Yet, they
are not all-powerful. Even supermassive black holes areminuscule by cosmic standards. They typically account forless than one percent of their galaxy’s mass. Accordingly,
astronomers long assumed that supermassive holes, letalone their smaller cousins, would have little effect beyond
their immediate neighborhoods. So it has come as a surprise over the past decade that black hole activity is closelyintertwined with star formation occurring farther out in thegalaxy.
8. Which best describes the function of the statement
in lines 10-13 (“So it . . . galaxy”) ?
(A) It summarizes the points made in the first
four lines of the passage.
(B) It provides support for the argument asserted
in the preceding statement.
(C) It introduces a new view of information
presented earlier in the passage.
(D) It challenges recent scientific findings.
(E) It offers examples to support a theory.
9. Which of the following most resembles the relationshipbetween “black hole activity” and “star formation”(lines 11-12) as described in the passage?
(A) A volcanic eruption on one continent resultsin higher rainfall totals on another continent.
(B) Industrial emissions in one region lead to anincrease in airborne pollutants in adjacentregions.
(C) A drought in a wilderness area causes a
significant loss of vegetation in that area.
(D) Decreased oil production in one country resultsin higher gas prices in oil-dependent countries.
(E) Overfishing in a gulf leads to an increase in
the population of smaller aquatic organisms.

Questions 10-15 are based on the following passage.
The following passage is an excerpt from a 1909 novel.
Georgia, the main character, is a reporter in an otherwise
all-male newsroom.
Georgia was to be married. It was the week before
Christmas, and on the last day of the year she would
become Mrs. Joseph Tank. She had told Joe that if
Line they were to be married at all they might as well get it
5 over with this year, and still there was no need of being
married any earlier in the year than was necessary. She
assured him that she married him simply because she wastired of having paper bags waved before her eyes everywhere she went and she thought if she were once officially
10 associated with him people would not flaunt his idiosyncrasies at her that way. And then Ernestine, her best friend,approved of getting married, and Ernestine’s ideas wereusually good. To all of which Joe responded that she
certainly had a splendid head to figure it out that way.
15 Joe said that to his mind reasons for doing things weren’tvery important anyhow; it was doing them that counted.
Yesterday had been her last day on the paper. She had
felt queer about that thing of taking her last assignment,
though it was hard to reach just the proper state, for the
20 last story related to pork-packers, and pork-packing is
not a setting favorable to sentimental regrets. It was justlike the newspaper business not even to allow one a little
sentimental harrowing over one’s exodus from it. But thetime for gentle melancholy came later on when she was
25 sorting her things at her desk just before leaving, andwas wondering what girl would have that old desk— ifthey cared to risk another girl, and whether the other poor
girl would slave through the years she should have been
frivolous, only to have some man step in at the end and
30 induce her to surrender the things she had gained throughsacrifice and toil.
As she wrote a final letter on her typewriter— she didhate letting the old machine go— Georgia did considerable
philosophizing about the irony of working for things only
35 to the end of giving them up. She had waded through snowdrifts and been drenched in pouring rains, she had beenfrozen with the cold and prostrated with the heat, she had
been blown about by Chicago wind until it was strange
there was any of her left in one piece, she had had front
40 doors— yes, and back doors too— slammed in her face,
she had been the butt of the alleged wit of menials andhirelings, she had been patronized by vapid women as
the poor girl who must make her living some way, she
had been roasted by—but never mind— she had had
45 a beat* or two! And now she was to wind it all up by
marrying Joseph Tank, who had made a great deal of50

money out of the manufacture of paper bags. This fromher—who had always believed she would end her daysin New York, or perhaps write a realistic novel exposing
some mighty evil!
* the area regularly covered by a reporter

10. Based on information presented in the passage, which
best describes what Georgia was “tired of ” (line 8) ?
(A) Being forced to earn a living(B) Being teased about Joseph Tank
(C) Being considered a hack writer by someof her colleagues(D) Being betrayed by her supposed friends(E) Being the only woman in the newsroom
11. The second paragraph suggests that Georgia believes
the “proper state” (line 19) would be one of(A) excitement(B) wistfulness(C) amusement(D) annoyance(E) relief
12. In line 27, “poor” most nearly means(A) pitiable(B) indigent(C) inferior(D) humble(E) petty
13. Which most resembles the “irony” mentioned
in line 34 ?
(A) A worker moving to a distant state to takea job, only to be fired without warning(B) An executive making an important decision,
only to regret it later(C) An athlete earning a starting position ona good team, only to quit in midseason(D) A student studying for a major exam, only
to learn that it has been postponed(E) A person purchasing an expensive umbrella,
only to lose it on the first rainy day14. The description in lines 35-45 (“She . . . two!”)
primarily serves to(A) suggest that Georgia envied those women
who did not have to work(B) imply that Georgia would be unlikely everto consider working as a reporter again(C) indicate the role that weather plays in theeveryday life of a reporter(D) exaggerate Georgia’s reluctance to relinquish
her job(E) show the adversities Georgia had to overcome
as a reporter

15. In context, the phrase “This from her” (lines 47-48)
helps to suggest that a(A) specific feeling is quite heartfelt(B) stated viewpoint is highly personal(C) certain decision is out of character(D) particular behavior is extremely upsetting(E) given attitude is unsurprisingQuestions 16-24 are based on the following passage.
The following passage is adapted from a book about
television and popular culture.

Line
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Ridiculing television, and warning about its inherent
evils, is nothing new. It has been that way since themedium was invented, and television hasn’t exactly
been lavished with respect as the decades have passed.
I suspect, though, that a lot of the fear and loathing
directed at television comes out of a time-honored,reflexive overreaction to the dominant medium of the
moment. For the past several decades, television has
been blamed for corrupting our youth and exciting
our adults, distorting reality, and basically being abig, perhaps dangerous, waste of time. Before TV,
radio and film were accused of the same things. And
long before that— in fact, some 2,500 years earlier —philosophers were arguing that poetry and dramashould be excluded from any ideal city on much thesame grounds.
In Book 10 of the Republic, Plato (428-348 B.C.)
attacks epic poet Homer (c. 850 B.C.) and the tragedians on several grounds, all of which have a familiar
ring. “Their productions are appearances and not realities,”
he gripes. “Drawing, and in fact all imitation . . . [is] quite
removed from the truth.” The audience, as well as the art
form, troubled Plato, whose remarks are colored by an
implied disdain for the popularity of public performances.
The “common people,” as Plato so charitably calls them,
are drawn to “peevish and diverse” characters— such as
Odysseus and other heroes in the Iliad and the Odyssey—
who (to Plato, anyway) engage in such questionabledisplays of emotion as “spinning out a long melancholy
lamentation” or “disfiguring themselves in grief.” To
Plato, baring such intimate sorrows is not to be condoned.
(Clearly, he would have given thumbs down to the central
characters of Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth.) “If you
receive the pleasure-seasoned Muse1 of song and epic,”
Plato warns, “pleasure and pain will be kings in your city,
instead of law.” Finally, Plato sums up his anti-arts argument with the cold, sweeping pronouncement that “poetry
is not to be taken seriously.”
One academic who has studied and written extensively
about both Plato and television suggests that Plato, rather
than being anti-arts, was merely an elitist. Plato wanted
to ban poetry readings and live theater, the argument
goes, because, being free and accessible and raucous andextremely popular, they were the mass entertainmentof that era. “If, instead of ‘tragedy’ and ‘poetry,’ and‘Homer’ and ‘Aeschylus,’2 you read ‘mass entertainment’or ‘popular media,’ you’ll recognize Plato’s arguments as
the ancestor of all the reasons we have today for being
suspicious of television.”
To wit: poetry, by which Plato means drama, confuses
us between appearance and reality. The action it presents

55

60

is too extreme and violent. Most important, it’s a corrupting influence, perverting its audience by bombarding itwith inferior characters and vulgar subjects— and constituting, in Plato’s own words, “a harm to the mind of
its audience.”
If Plato’s Republic had become reality, it would havebeen a republic with a lot of empty libraries, theaters, andmuseums—if, indeed, those repositories of the arts would
have survived at all. Plato’s personal utopia never came topass— but throughout the centuries, wherever and whenever a new medium of artistic expression attracted a lotof people, someone has been ready, waiting, and eager toattack its content and fear its impact.
1 The Muses inspired poetry and song in Greek mythology.
2 Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) was a Greek tragic dramatist.

16. The opening paragraph primarily serves to(A) criticize the way television distorts the truth(B) examine the evolution of television as a medium(C) place contemporary criticism of television in ahistorical context(D) directly compare television and drama as art
forms(E) explain why television, radio, and drama appeal
to the masses
17. Which of the following television shows would
be LEAST vulnerable to the criticism expressedin lines 8-11 (“For . . . time”) ?
(A) A melodrama in which police detectives attempt
to solve crimes(B) A soap opera depicting interpersonal conflicts ina fictional law firm(C) A comedy whose primary characters aresupernatural(D) A documentary on the state of education in
the nation(E) A talk show that encourages people to confront
each other in front of a studio audience
18. In line 26, “drawn” most nearly means(A) brought(B) depicted(C) selected(D) attracted(E) shaped

19. Which of the following best characterizes Plato’s viewof the heroes mentioned in line 27 ?
(A) Admiration(B) Curiosity(C) Distrust(D) Disappointment(E) Contempt

22. The fourth paragraph (lines 50-56) indicates that
Plato’s principal objection to “poetry” (line 50)
was its(A) confusing language(B) widespread popularity(C) depiction of turbulent events(D) influence on people’s morals(E) misrepresentation of historical figures

20. The “academic” (line 39) indicates that Plato was
primarily characterized by his

23. The author of the passage would probably agree withwhich of the following statements about the “utopia”
referred to in line 60 ?

(A) insight(B) artistry(C) cynicism(D) irreverence(E) snobbishness(A) It would have encouraged new artistic ventures.
(B) It would have stifled human creativity.
(C) It is an ideal that we should continue to work
towards.
(D) It may come to pass because of the popularityof television.
(E) It was a notion rejected by Greek philosophers.

21. The primary purpose of the statements in lines 39-45(“One . . . that era”) is to(A) provide an interpretation of a viewpoint
described in the previous paragraph(B) show how Plato’s view of politics should
be understood in today’s terms(C) put divergent interpretations of Plato into
historical perspective(D) account for the appeal of Plato’s writings(E) signal a digression in the passage

24. The comment about “a new medium of artistic
expression” (line 62) primarily suggests that(A) the author holds a fatalistic view of the
future for artistic expression(B) certain societies in the past have beenslow to accept new art forms(C) people often disguise their true feelings
when it comes to art(D) the popular response to a new art form
will often overcome opposition to it(E) a popular new art form will always
receive some form of negative response

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

SECTION 8Time — 20 minutes
19 Questions

Turn to Section 8 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneaththe sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A
through E. Choose the word or set of words that, wheninserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of thesentence as a whole.
Example:Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed
a compromise that they felt would be ------- to bothlabor and management.
(A) enforce . . useful(B) end . . divisive(C) overcome . . unattractive(D) extend . . satisfactory(E) resolve . . acceptable
1. As a child, Mary ------- her stringent upbringing;
however, as she grew older she began to appreciate
her grandmother’s strict -------.
(A) tolerated . . autonomy(B) despised . . discipline(C) embraced . . authority(D) disavowed . . abstinence(E) loathed . . liberality
2. His mouth stinging and burning, Virgil hurried to the
kitchen for water to wash away the dish’s ------- taste.
(A) earthy (B) exotic (C) cloying(D) acrid(E) succulent

3. Since other seabirds customarily nest in colonies on
ocean cliffs and islands, the marbled murrelet’s ------nesting in forests many miles from the sea must be
considered -------.
(A) ambivalence about . . hypothetical(B) indifference to . . bold(C) insistence upon . . evident(D) aversion to . . dangerous(E) predilection for . . atypical
4. The cause of Mozart’s ------- is a long-standing
medical -------: over the years, physicians havesuggested more than 100 possibilities, including
poisoning, malnutrition, kidney disease, andheart failure.
(A) mortality . . phenomenon(B) bereavement . . controversy(C) genius . . enigma(D) demise . . mystery(E) death . . trial
5. At first the children were -------, but as the morning
progressed they began to laugh and talk eagerly.
(A) ostentatious (B) myopic(D) puerile (E) reticent(C) solicitous

6. Oren missed the play’s overarching significance,
focusing instead on details so minor that they would
best be described as -------.
(A) pragmatic (B) indelible(C) moribund(D) picayune (E) impervious

The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or impliedin the passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 7-19 are based on the following passage.
The following passage is from a 1979 essay by a Native
American writer.

Line
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

An understanding of any national literature depends
very much on an awareness of the larger cultural context.
Without some knowledge of language, of history, ofinflection, of the position of the storyteller within thegroup, without a hint of the social roles played by males
and females in the culture, without a sense of the society’s
humor or priorities —without such knowledge, how can
we, as reader or listener, penetrate to the core of meaning
in an expression of art?
The difficulty of gaining access to the literature of adifferent culture may be illustrated by an exemplary folktale (in translation) from the Tanaina (Athabaskan) cultureof south-central Alaska. It would typically be told to a
general audience within the society, including the full rangeof ages from young children to grandparents; it would berecounted with gesticulation and exaggeration by a performance specialist. It would be expected to have different
meanings to the various categories of listeners— instructive,
entertaining, reinforcing, or all three. Here is a brief versionof the story:“Once upon a time there was a porcupine woman who
decided to do some hunting on the far side of the river. She
went to the bank, where she met a beaver.
‘Hello,’ she said to him. ‘I need to do some hunting overthere. Will you ride me across on your back?’‘I’d be glad to,’ replied the beaver. ‘Hop on.’So the porcupine woman climbed on his back, and hestarted swimming for the other side. When he had almost
made it, the porcupine woman said, ‘Oh my! I’ve forgotten
to bring my sack. I’ll need to go back to the other bank andget it.’‘All right,’ said the beaver, and swam back. He waspanting while the porcupine woman went to get her sack.
‘Okay,’ she said. ‘Let’s go.’ So they started acrossagain. The beaver was swimming much more slowly. Whenthey had practically reached the other side, she said, ‘Oh
my! I’ve forgotten to bring my needle. We’ll have to go
back and get it.’This time the beaver didn’t say anything— he didn’t
have enough breath! But he turned around and pulled themback to the shore and nearly passed out while she got her
needle.

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

‘Hurry up, now,’ the porcupine woman said as she
climbed back on his back. He could hardly keep his nose
above water, but he had almost made it to the far bankagain when she said, ‘Oh my! I’ve forgotten my staff.
We’ll have to . . . .’Before she had finished her sentence the beaver had
flipped over in the water and dragged himself onto thebank, where he lay half dead. The porcupine woman
managed to make the shore too, and climbed up onto a bear
path. When she had caught her breath, she turned on thebeaver and quilled him to death.”
The Tanaina live in an environment that could euphemistically be described as “difficult.” Survival, especiallyin the wild, is always precarious. Further, they were, in theprecontact period, a nonliterate people. Oral communication was therefore the method of cultural transmission,
legal understanding, and meaningful communication. It isalso necessary to know that a “staff,” as mentioned in thestory, functions as both a walking stick and a weapon, andthat in the Tanaina symbol system, porcupines were
supposed to be rather ponderous, dull-witted creatures, andbeavers were thought to be energetic and industrious but
overly spontaneous and erratic.
For the reader armed with these data, the story becomes
more accessible as a lesson in contract law, with several
additional minor themes. A culturally attuned listener
would notice, for instance, that when the porcupine woman
proposed passage to the beaver, he agreed without any
stipulations or clarifications of the terms. He gave abasically open-ended agreement—made a contract— andhence the porcupine woman was perfectly within her rights
both in demanding that he return three times and in quilling
him to death when he reneged.
The story is not, however, without its moral for the porcupine women of this world. Her stated aim is to go
hunting, and yet she sets out without the three essentials ofthat endeavor: a sack in which to carry home her game, aneedle with which to sew up the intestines, and, mostimportant, an implement with which to hunt and defend
herself. True, she had an open-ended contract, but where
does she wind up at the conclusion of the story? Sitting,exhausted, quills used up, weaponless, and not only on thewrong side of the river from her home but on a bear path!
The hunter is about to become the hunted, and all becauseof her own improvidence.

7. In the opening paragraph, the author assumes that the“meaning” (line 8) is(A) culturally determined(B) intensely personal(C) essentially moralistic(D) permanently inscrutable(E) uniquely artistic
8. In the context of the passage, which “expression of art”
(line 9) would be the most difficult to interpret?
(A) A contemporary play written by a prolific playwright(B) A fable from a nonliterate society with whichanthropologists are very familiar(C) A single text produced by a previously unknown
society(D) A sitcom from the early days of television(E) A single myth from an ancient culture with a welldocumented mythological structure
9. How does the author respond to the question posed inlines 3-9 ?
(A) By proposing an innovative strategy(B) By confirming the futility of such analysis(C) By describing a personal experience with the
problem(D) By illustrating his point within a particular context(E) By documenting a traditional approach to the
problem
10. The author discusses Tanaina culture from theperspective of(A) a concerned parent(B) a bewildered visitor(C) a performance artist(D) an informed outsider(E) an indignant reader
11. The sentence in which “difficult” appears (lines 54-55)
indicates that the author considers the word to be(A) an exaggeration(B) an estimate(C) an understatement(D) a contradiction(E) a preconception

12. In relation to the passage, the statements in lines 59-65
serve a function most similar to which of the following
items?
(A) A menu in a restaurant(B) The key or legend to a map(C) A department store directory(D) The outline of a term paper(E) An illustration of a fairytale
13. The author’s analysis of the folktale offers which
insight into Tanaina beliefs?
(A) A fanciful story is most suitable for an audienceof children.
(B) A verbal exchange can establish a binding
contract.
(C) A person who behaves impulsively is most often
sincere.
(D) A shared task should be divided fairly between
two people.
(E) A painstaking plan may nonetheless fail toanticipate all problems.
14. The “porcupine women of this world” (lines 76-77) are
best described as people who(A) plan inadequately for their own needs(B) postpone necessary work in favor of leisure(C) depend heavily upon help from their close friends(D) return repeatedly to their favorite places(E) flee quickly from any laborious task
15. The final paragraph (lines 76-87) suggests that the bear
path mentioned in lines 51-52 is significant because it(A) foreshadows the arrival of a benevolent characterfrom Tanaina folklore(B) suggests an alarming alternative to crossing
the river(C) marks the boundary of the beaver’s natural
surroundings(D) explains the porcupine woman’s fear of
unfamiliar territory(E) poses a new peril for the porcupine woman

16. In lines 83-87, the description of the porcupine womanemphasizes the discrepancy between her

18. The author’s attitude toward the Tanaina folktale isbest described as(A) social position and her private feelings(B) physical wealth and her moral poverty(C) hostile action and her ultimate gratitude(D) original goal and her actual situation(E) grandiose ambition and her real needs
17. As a commentary on legal relations, this folktale is best
described as(A) an example of traditional practices(B) an outline for social behavior(C) a warning about ill-conceived assent(D) a criticism of obsolete customs(E) a parody of actual situations(A) excitement at an unexpected discovery(B) admiration of the storyteller’s performance(C) appreciation of the folktale as a means of communicating values(D) enthusiasm for the Tanaina culture’s concept oflegality(E) enjoyment of the comical aspects of the folktale
19. Which statement is most consistent with the author’s
argument?
(A) Translating a literary text requires formal linguistic training.
(B) Tales transmitted by a nonliterate society elude
transcription in later eras.
(C) Listening to a skilled storyteller is more instructive than entertaining.
(D) Simple enjoyment of a tale is incompatible withscholarly analysis.
(E) To read a text is not necessarily to understand it.

STOP

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Do not turn to any other section in the test.

SECTION 9Time — 20 minutes
16 Questions

Turn to Section 9 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.

1. If

1
y + 9 = 0, then y =3(A) -27(B) -9(C) -3(D)3(E) 27

2. In the figure above, P, Q, and R lie on the same line.
P is the center of the larger circle, and Q is the centerof the smaller circle. If the radius of the larger circle
is 4, what is the radius of the smaller circle?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 8
(E) 16

1of his land. If he planted
545 acres of corn, how many acres of land does
he have?

3. Roy planted corn on

(A)

90

(B) 1121
2(C) 135

6. If h and k are positive numbers and h + k = 7,
7-k
=
then
h
(A) 1
(B) 0
(C) -1
(D) h
(E)
k -1

(D) 225(E) 337

1
2

6, 10, 18, 34, 66

4. The first number in the list above is 6. Which of thefollowing gives a rule for finding each successive
number in the list?
(A) Add 4 to the preceding number.
1(B) Takeof the preceding number and then add 7
2
to that result.
(C) Double the preceding number and then subtract 2
from that result.
(D) Subtract 2 from the preceding number and thendouble that result.
(E) Triple the preceding number and then subtract 8
from that result.

Country

Total
Population

Population
DensityA

6,500,000 people

600 people
per square mileB

7,600,000 people

400 people
per square mile

7. The table above shows the populations of two
countries and their population densities. The
number of square miles in the area of Country B
is approximately how much greater than thenumber of square miles in the area of Country A ?
(A)
200
(B)
3,600
(C)
5,000
(D)
8,000
(E) 905,000,000

8. If x 2 = x + 6, which of the following must be true?
(A) x = 6
(B) x 3(C) x 0(D) x 2

x

2

x

(E) x

5. The two semicircles in the figure above have centers
R and S, respectively. If RS = 12, what is the total
length of the darkened curve?
(A) 8p(B) 9 p(C) 12 p(D) 15p(E) 16 p

9. Let the function f be defined by f ( x ) = 5 x - 2 a,where a is a constant. If f (10 ) + f (5) = 55, whatis the value of a ?
(A) - 5(B) 0
(C) 5(D) 10(E) 20

10. A number is called “even-odd” if it is halfway between
an even integer and an odd integer. If x is an even-odd
number, which of the following must be true?
I. 2x is an integer.
II. 2x is even-odd.
III. x is halfway between two even integers.
(A) I only(B) II only(C) I and II only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III

12. According to the graph above, in which year was theratio of the number of students enrolled at School B
to the number of students enrolled at School A thegreatest?
(A) 1990(B) 1991(C) 1992(D) 1993(E) 1994

11. If m is a positive integer, which of the following is( ) ?

NOT equal to 2 4
(A)

24m

(B)

42 m

( )
(D) 4 m (2 m )(C)

2 m 23 m(E) 16 m

m

13. In the figure above, A || m. Which of the following
must equal 180 ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

k +n+rk+p+s
n+p+s
n+ p+tr+s+t

14. How many different ordered pairs ( x, y) are there suchthat x is an even integer, where 4 x 10, and y is
an integer, where 4 y 10 ?

16. A sphere of radius r inside a cube touches each oneof the six sides of the cube. What is the volume of thecube, in terms of r ?
(A) r 3(A) 8(B) 12(C) 20(D) 30(E) 36(B) 2r 3(C) 4r 3
(D)

4 3
pr
3

(E) 8r 3n (t ) = 500 (0.81)t

15. The function above can be used to model the
population of a certain endangered species ofanimal. If n (t ) gives the number of the species
living t decades after the year 1900, which of thefollowing is true about the population of the species
from 1900 to 1920 ?
(A) It increased by about 1,000.
(B) It increased by about 320.
(C) It decreased by about 180.
(D) It decreased by about 320.
(E) It decreased by about 1,000.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions

Turn to Section 10 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.

The following sentences test correctness and effectivenessof expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways ofphrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats theoriginal phrasing; the other four choices are different. If
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, selectone of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the requirements ofstandard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation.
Your selection should result in the most effective
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness orambiguity.
EXAMPLE:
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first bookand she was sixty-five years old then.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then(B) when she was sixty-five(C) at age sixty-five years old(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years(E) at the time when she was sixty-five

1. The Amazon River carries more water than the water
carried in any of the world’s other rivers.
(A) the water carried in any of the world’s other rivers(B) the water elsewhere in the world’s rivers(C) any other river in the world(D) all rivers in the world(E) any of the world’s rivers elsewhere
2. The owners of stadiums that bear the names of now
bankrupt companies have a problem what to do about
the names.
(A) what to do about the names(B) what they should do about the names(C) deciding what to do about those names(D) to decide as to whether the names should stay(E) should they change those names or not

3. During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947, about six
million people crowded onto the beach and into theamusements at Coney Island, “America’s Playground,”in Brooklyn, New York.
(A) During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947,(B) It was the Fourth of July weekend in 1947 that(C) The Fourth of July weekend that occurred in 1947
was when(D) The Fourth of July weekend in 1947,(E) Occurring in 1947 over the Fourth of July
weekend,
4. Because fiscal problems will force some cities to lay
off firefighters, and so the state legislature must decide
whether to provide those cities with financial aid.
(A) firefighters, and so(B) firefighters is a matter(C) firefighters,(D) firefighters; then(E) firefighters; this is a problem
5. A recently published history of comic books reveal that
Batman was begun as an experiment but became an
institution.
(A) recently published history of comic books revealthat Batman was begun as an experiment(B) recently published history of comic books reveals
that Batman began as an experiment(C) recent published history of comic books revealed
that Batman, who began as an experiment(D) history of comic books, recently published,
revealing Batman first began as an experiment(E) history of comic books having been recently
published, it reveals how Batman began as anexperiment6. A discovery in New Jersey actually contributed to theearly economic development of America and, in 1714,
a worker uncovered a green rock containing copper.

10. Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United States,
its adobe architecture, spectacular setting, and clear,radiant light have long made it a magnet for artists.

(A) America and, in 1714, a worker uncovered(B) America when, in 1714, a worker uncovered(C) America, thus, in 1714, a worker uncovered(D) America, that being a worker in 1714 uncovering(E) America, it was in 1714 a worker uncovered(A) Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the UnitedStates, its(B) Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the
United States, its(C) Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the
United States, has(D) Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the UnitedStates; its(E) Santa Fe, one of the oldest cities in the UnitedStates, and its

7. Selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1990, over
719 hours in space were spent by Dr. Ellen Ochoa
on three flights by 2001.
(A) over 719 hours in space were spent by
Dr. Ellen Ochoa on three flights by 2001(B) by 2001, and on three flights, Dr. Ellen Ochoa
spent over 719 hours in space(C) three flights and 719 hours were spent by
Dr. Ellen Ochoa in space by 2001
(D) Dr. Ellen Ochoa, by 2001 spending over
719 hours in space on three flights(E) Dr. Ellen Ochoa had spent over 719 hours
in space on three flights by 2001
8. The old maxim “Let the buyer beware” suggests that asa buyer we are responsible for inspecting merchandisefor flaws before paying for it.
(A) as a buyer we are responsible(B) as a buyer it is their responsibility(C) the buyer is the responsible one(D) buyers are responsible(E) buyers are to be the ones responsible
9. The same analysts who once favored public-opinion
polls now see them as hampering representative
government.
(A) The same analysts who once favored publicopinion polls now see them(B) The same analysts which were once in favor of
public-opinion polls now have come to see them(C) Public-opinion polls, once favored byanalysts, but now seen by these same analysts(D) As for favoring public-opinion polls, the same
analysts now see them(E) Analysts once were in favor of public-opinion
polls, which these same analysts now see

11. Dime novels, known in nineteenth-century Englandas “penny dreadfuls,” flourished because increased
mechanization of printing and increased literacy rates
made production of large numbers of these books
profitable.
(A) and increased literacy rates made(B) with increased literacy rates also made(C) and also literacy rates increased and made(D) as well as increased literacy rates, making(E) and literacy rates increased, making
12. Frequently on tour, a band called the Chieftains
revered internationally as spirited performers of
traditional Irish music.
(A) revered internationally as spirited performers(B) revered internationally and they are spirited
performers(C) is revered internationally for its spirited
performances(D) is revered internationally as giving spirited
performances(E) are revered internationally as being spirited
performers

13. Psychologists advise that before making any majorchanges in your life, a person needs to focus on one’s
goals.

14. Some beaches are frequently contaminated byuntreated sewage that flows into the ocean, which canlast for several days.

(A) your life, a person needs to focus on one’s goals(B) their life, a person needs to focus on their goals(C) their lives, focus on the goals(D) one’s life, you should focus on your goals(E) their lives, people should focus on their goals(A) ocean, which can last for several days(B) ocean that can last for several days(C) ocean, it can last for several days(D) ocean, while contamination can last several days(E) ocean; the contamination can last for several days

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.