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Values Education and Global
Citizenship towards Achieving the
Sustainable Development Goals

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Values Education and Global
Citizenship towards Achieving the
Sustainable Development Goals

Journal of Southeast Asian Education
2019 Issue | Volume 1
132 pages
ISSN 1513-4601

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Foreword

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Introduction

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6RXWKHDVW$VLDDQG-DSDQWKLVMRXUQDOIHDWXUHVWKHIROORZLQJDUWLFOHV•National Curriculum Reforms in Japan from 1998 to 2018: A CDA on the Possibility of Sustainable
Development: 7KLVDUWLFOHDLPVWRSURYHWKDW<XWRULRUUHOD[HGHGXFDWLRQGLGQRWUHVXOWLQDGHFOLQH
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Class: 7KLVDUWLFOHDLPVWRH[DPLQHWKHHĳHFWVVSHFLıFDOO\SRVLWLYHHĳHFWVRIFUHDWLQJVHPDQWLF
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Global Citizenship and Deliberative Democratic Education: Focusing on the Controversy in
Political Philosophy and the Philosophy of Education: 7KLVDUWLFOHDLPVWRFODULI\IHDWXUHVRIWKHHGXFDWLRQDOSKLORVRSKLFDO FRQWURYHUV\ RQ JOREDO FLWL]HQVKLS DQG FRQVLGHU KRZ VWXGHQWV DUHWDXJKWDERXWJOREDOMXVWLFHDQGWKHYDOXHRIGHOLEHUDWLYHGHPRFUDF\,WKRSHVWRH[SORUHWKHLGHDOGLUHFWLRQ WKDW FLWL]HQVKLS HGXFDWLRQ PXVW WDNH WR UHVSRQG WR WKH FDOO IRU JOREDOLVDWLRQ SULPDULO\EDVHGRQSROLWLFDOSKLORVRSK\DQGWKHSKLORVRSK\RIHGXFDWLRQDQGIRFXVLQJRQJOREDOMXVWLFHDQG
FLWL]HQVKLSHGXFDWLRQ7KHIHDWXUHGVWXG\KRSHVWRGHıQHJOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSDQGLGHQWLI\ZD\VWRQXUWXUHLWLQVWXGHQWV•Issues and Expectations in Japan About Moral or Values Education: 7KLVDUWLFOHWDFNOHVYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQZKLFKKDVDGLYHUVHUDQJHRIPHDQLQJVGHSHQGLQJRQRQHŖVFRXQWU\UHJLRQDQG
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•Seeking the Value of Mathematics Education: This article aims to share the value of the Southeast$VLDQ %DVLF (GXFDWLRQ 6WDQGDUGV 6($%(6  &RPPRQ &RUH 5HJLRQDO /HDUQLQJ 6WDQGDUGV
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•Values Education and Global Citizenship in Social Studies in Japan: 7KLVDUWLFOHGLVFXVVHVKRZ
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WKHVWFHQWXU\KHDGRQLQ\RXUFRXQWU\SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

National Curriculum Reforms inJapan from 1998 to 2018:
A CDA on the Possibility of
Sustainable Development
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

National Curriculum Guidelines
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Revision of the national curriculum guidelines is announced and implemented after a thorough
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Table 1: Revision and Implementation History of the National Curriculum Guidelines in the Heisei Era
Year

Details

5HYLVHGIRUHOHPHQWDU\MXQLRUKLJKDQGVHQLRUKLJK
schools࠮ Elementary: Implemented in April 1992
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April 2002
Revised in 1999 for senior-high schools࠮ Senior high: Implemented in April 2003 (gradeEDVHG

5HYLVHGIRUHOHPHQWDU\DQGMXQLRUKLJKVFKRROV࠮ Elementary: Implemented in April 2011࠮ Junior high: Implemented in April 2012
Revised in 2009 for senior-high schools࠮ Senior high: Implemented in April 2013 (gradeEDVHG

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࠮ Junior high: )RULPSOHPHQWDWLRQLQ$SULO
5HYLVHGLQIRUVHQLRUKLJKVFKRROV࠮ Senior high: )RULPSOHPHQWDWLRQLQ$SULO
JUDGHEDVHG–2–

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Meaning of “Yutori”
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209

115

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115

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115

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315

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105

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314

Moral
Education
Moral
Education

Table 3: Changes Made to the Standard Junior-High School Class Hours for All Grades

345

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105
105
190
3,045
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350

295

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

RevisionYear

420

Japanese
Language

Japanese
LanguageForeign
Language
Activities
Integrated
Study
PeriodElective

Social Studies

SocialStudies

RevisionYear

Total Numberof Class Hours
Total
Number ofClass Hours

Table 2: Changes Made to the Standard Elementary-School Class Hours for All Grades

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

7KH JHQHUDWLRQ UDLVHG XQGHU WKH  UHYLVLRQ KDV EHHQ FULWLFLVHG DV D <XWRUL JHQHUDWLRQ ZKRVHDFDGHPLFVWDQGDUGVZHQWGRZQXQGHU<XWRULHGXFDWLRQ+RZHYHUDFORVHUORRNDW7,066DQG3,6$
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question has been consistently asked in the survey. According to the 2012
survey, 59.4% of young people in their twenties are hoping to serve society. In
the 1983 survey, only 32% answered that they wanted to serve society in their
twenties. That means that in less than 30 years, the number of young people
who really want to serve society has doubled. Contemporary young people are
not just ‘society-oriented,’ but also want to contribute to society.

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EHVDLGWKDWLWLVDIDFWXDOPLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJHow Did the Criticisms Lead to the 2008 Revision?
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

How Did the Criticisms Lead to the 2017 Revision?
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of the national curriculum guidelines, developed as a reaction to these negative ideas, seems to
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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–8–

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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Sciences, University of Tsukuba Volume 41 Number 1 5HWULHYHG IURP KWWSVWVXNXEDUHSRQLLDFMSLQGH[SKS"DFWLRQ SDJHVBYLHZBPDLQ DFWLYHBDFWLRQ UHSRVLWRU\BDFWLRQBFRPPRQBGRZQORDG LWHPBLG  LWHPBQR  DWWULEXWHBLG  ıOHBQR  SDJHBLG  EORFNBLG +LURVKL6DWRDQG7RPRFKLND2NDPRWR  ŗ+RZ+DV&ULWLFLVPRIWKH5HOD[HG*HQHUDWLRQ%HHQ0DGH" <XWRUL+LKDQZD'RXWVXNXUDUHWDQRND Ř7RN\R7DUR-LUR(GLWRUV0LKR7DJXPD 'HFHPEHU ŗ2(&'(GXFDWLRQŘ7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI7RN\R6\PSRVLXP&RQVWUXFWLRQRIVW&HQWXU\7\SH(GXFDWLRQDO0RGHO 8QSXEOLVKHG3DSHU –9–SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

The Value of Studying Words andDeep Thinking Using Semantic
Maps in a Japanese Reading Class%\'U+LNDUX.DWVXWD/HFWXUHU
Department of Education
7R\R8QLYHUVLW\Abstract
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XQGHUVWDQGLQJRWKHUVZLWKGLĳHUHQWRSLQLRQVIntroduction
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 To improve a sense of language
 To deepen interest in the Japanese language and nurture an attitude of respect for the Japanese
language– 11 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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Research Methodology
Overview of the Japanese Lesson Used in the Study
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Table 4: Main Lesson Activities“My Old Home”“Mr. Fujino”

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PDSV– 13 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

A Focus on Group and Students
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Table 5: Sato’s Performance in the Four Levels of Thinking
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6RXUFH5XGGHOOşResearch Results and Findings
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Analysis of Sato’s Essays Before and After Semantic Map-Making,QWKHıUVWHVVD\6DWRGLGQRWXQGHUVWDQGDQ\RIFRQWHQWRIŗ0\2OG+RPHŘ+HVLPSO\ZURWHŗWKH
VHQWHQFHVDUHWRRORQJ,GRQŖWXQGHUVWDQGWKHPHDQLQJRIWKHWH[WVŘ$IWHUWKHWHDFKHUHQFRXUDJHG
KLPWRHODERUDWH6DWRDGGHGVRPHWH[WDQGVKRZHGWKDWKHXQGHUVWRRGWKHEDVLFPHDQLQJRIWKHVWRU\VXFKDVWKHIDFWWKDWLWZDVVHWLQ&KLQD+RZHYHU6DWRRQO\XVHGWKHIDFWXDOOHYHORIWKLQNLQJ
$IWHU6DWRPDGHDVHPDQWLFPDSDERXWŗ0\2OG+RPHŘLQKLVJURXS VHH)LJXUH KLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
RI WKH VWRU\ LPSURYHG )RU H[DPSOH KH PHQWLRQHG D PHWDSKRU LQ KLV VHFRQG HVVD\ RQ ŗ0\ 2OG+RPHŘŗ,WKLQNWKDWWKHFROGZHDWKHUDQGWKHOHDGHQVN\UHSUHVHQWHGWKHQDUUDWRUŖVGHSUHVVLRQŘ7KDWPHDQVKHPDGHLQIHUHQFHVDERXWWKHVWRU\ŖVPHDQLQJEH\RQGWKHOLWHUDOPHDQLQJRIWKHWH[W WKHLQWHUSUHWDWLYHOHYHORIWKLQNLQJ ,QDGGLWLRQKHLQWHJUDWHGWKHVWRU\ŖVWKHPHLQWRKLVSULRUNQRZOHGJHŗ,WKLQNŕKRSHŖLVMXVWOLNHDSDWKVRZHKDYHWRPDNHRQHIRURXUVHOYHVŘ7KDWLVKHXVHGWKHDSSOLFDWLYHOHYHORIWKLQNLQJDIWHUWKHVHPDQWLFPDSPDNLQJDFWLYLWLHV)LJXUH6DWRŖVJURXSŖVVHPDQWLFPDSRIŗ0\2OG+RPHŘ)XUWKHUPRUHLQWKHHVVD\KHZURWHLQWKHODVWVHVVLRQKHFRQQHFWHGWKHVWRU\PRUHGLUHFWO\WRKLVRZQOLIH WKHWUDQVDFWLYHOHYHORIWKLQNLQJ “

Mr. Fujino hopes Lu Xun could bring modern medical science back to China
HUKKL]LSVWP[:\JOHUHJ[^PSSYLX\PYLHSV[VMLɈVY[0[OPURºOVWL»PZQ\Z[SPRLHWH[O>LTHRLVULMVYV\YZLS]LZHUK[OPZYLX\PYLZLɈVY[0[[HRLZLɈVY[[VIL
smart so I’ll try my best. We can do anything if we try hard so I’ll try my best.

”,QRWKHUZRUGVLQWKHHQGKHXVHGDOOIRXUOHYHOVRIWKLQNLQJWRXQGHUVWDQGŗ0\2OG+RPHŘDQGŗ0U
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Analysis of Sato’s Interactions with His Peers
and the Teacher During the Semantic Map-Making%DVHGRQKLVHVVD\VZHVDZWKDW6DWRGHHSHQHGKLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJDVWKHOHVVRQVSURFHHGHG
7KHUHVXOWVRIFRGLQJWKHSURWRFROVRI6DWRŖVLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKKLVWHDFKHUDQGRWKHUJURXSPHPEHUVVKRZHG WKDW 6DWR UHFHLYHG HOHYHQ GLĳHUHQW W\SHV RI DVVLVWDQFH LQ WZR FDWHJRULHVŠDĳHFWLYH DQGFRJQLWLYH VHH7DEOH – 15 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1
Table 6: Types of Assistance That Sato Received
Affective Assistance
I-A. Facilitating on-task behaviour
The teacher and his group mates encouraged
KLPWRNHHSGRLQJWKHWDVNVHYHU\WLPHKHJRWGLVWUDFWHG

Cognitive Assistance
II-A. Teaching individual words+HDVNHGWKHWHDFKHUDQGKLVJURXSPDWHVZKDWXQIDPLOLDUZRUGVPHDQW

I-B. Obtaining praise and rewards

II-B. Setting

7KHWHDFKHUDQGKLVJURXSPDWHVDĴUPHGKLVSHUIRUPDQFH

7KHWHDFKHUDQGKLVJURXSPDWHVWROGKLPZKHUH
DQGZKHQWKHHYHQWVLQWKHVWRU\WRRNSODFH
II-C. Characters+HGLVFXVVHGZKRWKHFKDUDFWHUVRIERWKVWRULHV
ZHUHLQFOXGLQJWKHLUUHODWLRQVKLSVIHHOLQJVDQGDSSHDUDQFHVZLWKWKHWHDFKHUDQGKLVJURXSPDWHV
II-D. Plot
+HGLVFXVVHGWKHSORWRIERWKVWRULHVLQFOXGLQJZKDWKDSSHQHGWRWKHFKDUDFWHUVDQGWKHLU
FRQYHUVDWLRQVZLWKRQHDQRWKHUZLWKWKHWHDFKHU
DQGKLVJURXSPDWHV
II-E. Theme+HGLVFXVVHGWKHWKHPHZLWKKLVWHDFKHUDQG
JURXSPDWHVSDUWLFXODUO\ZKDWŗKRSHŘDQGŗFKDQJHŘ
UHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHVWRULHVII-F. How to create a semantic map
7KHWHDFKHUDQGKLVJURXSPDWHVWROGKLPKRZWR
create a semantic map, including advice such as
XVLQJGLĳHUHQWSHQFRORXUVIRUHPSKDVLVSD\LQJ
DWWHQWLRQWRFRPPRQZRUGVXVHGLQERWKVWRULHVDQGXVLQJZDY\OLQHVWRGLVWLQJXLVKKLVRSLQLRQVIURPDFWXDOVWRU\FRQWHQW
II-G. How to write an essay
7KHWHDFKHUH[SODLQHGVSHFLıFZULWLQJWHFKQLTXHVVXFKDVKRZWRSURSHUO\FLWHTXRWDWLRQVII-H. Rules for conducting small-group discussions
The teacher intervened to resolve potential issues
DPRQJVWWKHPHPEHUVRIHDFKVPDOOJURXS6KH
HQFRXUDJHGDOOPHPEHUVWRVWDWHWKHLURSLQLRQVGXULQJGLVFXVVLRQV
II-I. Building the story’s image
The teacher and his group mates helped him
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KLPZKDWKLVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHŗOHDGHQVN\ŘZDV

– 16 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

6HPDQWLFPDSPDNLQJZDVWKHUHDVRQWKDW6DWRFRXOGUHFHLYHYDULRXVNLQGVRIDVVLVWDQFH)LUVWWKHVHPDQWLFPDSPDNHVLWHDVLHUIRUWKHWHDFKHUWRKHOSWKHVWXGHQWVEHFDXVHLWFUHDWHVDYLVXDORIWKHVWXGHQWVŖSUREOHPV)RUH[DPSOH6DWRŖVVWUXJJOHVFOHDUO\DSSHDUHGRQKLVVHPDQWLFPDSZKHQFRQQHFWLQJWKHWZRVKRUWVWRULHVEHFDXVHKHGLGQRWZULWHDQ\WKLQJRQKLVPDS:KHQWKHWHDFKHUVDZWKLVVKHWDONHGWR6DWRDQGHOLFLWHGWKHVLPLODULWLHVIURPERWKVWRULHVŗ7KHFKDUDFWHUVLQERWKVWRULHVHVSHFLDOO\0UV<DQJIURPŕ0\2OG+RPHŖZHUHIRROLVKŘ$IWHUWKDWWKHLQWHUDFWLRQVKRZQLQ
7DEOHRFFXUUHGDQG6DWRGHFLGHGRQWKHFHQWUHZRUGŗFKDQJHŘDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KLVKHOSHG
6DWRWRDQDO\VHKRZRWKHUFKDUDFWHUVFKDQJHGLQERWKVKRUWVWRULHV,QRWKHUZRUGV6DWRZKRKDVGLĴFXOWLHVXQGHUVWDQGLQJ-DSDQHVHOLWHUDU\WH[WVJUDGXDOO\IRUPHGKLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKURXJKPDNLQJ
VHPDQWLFPDSVDQGLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKRWKHUV)LJXUH5HFRUGRI6DWRŖVGLDORJXHZLWKKLVWHDFKHU)LJXUH6DWRŖVVHPDQWLFPDSRQZKDWFRQQHFWHGWKHVWRULHV– 17 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

6HPDQWLFPDSPDNLQJDOVRIRVWHUVVWRU\GLVFXVVLRQDWDGHHSHUWKLQNLQJOHYHO$VPHQWLRQHGDERYH
6DWRGHFLGHGWKHZRUGŗFKDQJHŘDVDFHQWUHZRUGEXW6DWRŖVJURXSŖVKLJKHVWDFKLHYHPHQWVWXGHQW.RGD GHFLGHG WKH ZRUG ŗKRSHŘ DV WKH FHQWUH ZRUG )RU WKLV UHDVRQ WKHUH ZHUH ORQJ LQWHUDFWLRQLQ 6DWRŖV JURXS GXULQJ WK OHVVRQ WR GHFLGH WKH FHQWUH ZRUG 7KLV LQWHUDFWLRQV ZDV LPSRUWDQW IRU
6DWREHFDXVHKHUHDOLVHGZK\ŗKRSHŘFRXOGEHWKHFHQWUHZRUGDQGLWPDGH6DWRWKLQNDERXWWKH
UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQŗKRSHŘDQGŗFKDQJHŘDQGWKHLUPHDQLQJLQWKHWZRVWRULHVDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH$VDUHVXOWRIWKHVHGLVFXVVLRQVKHXVHGDOOOHYHOVRIWKLQNLQJLQKLVHVVD\DERXWWZRVWRULHVDV,
PHQWLRQHGLQWKHDQDO\VLVRI6DWRŖVHVVD\V)LJXUH6DWRDQG.RGDŖVGLDORJXHRQWKHFHQWUDOWKHPHRIWKHWZRVWRULHV

Conclusion
7KLVDUWLFOHGHVFULEHGKRZD-DSDQHVHPLGGOHVFKRROHUZDVDEOHWRGHHSHQKLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI-DSDQHVH OLWHUDU\ WH[WV WKURXJK WKH FUHDWLRQ RI VHPDQWLF PDSV LQ KLV JURXS 7KH PDLQ DGYDQWDJH
RIWKLVW\SHRIOHVVRQZDVWKDW6DWRUHFHLYHGW\SHVRIDVVLVWDQFHWKURXJKERWKVHPDQWLFPDSPDNLQJ DQG HVVD\ ZULWLQJ %\ GRLQJ VR 6DWR FRXOG OHDUQ WR SDUWLFLSDWH LQ DOO OHYHOV RI WKLQNLQJ WR
XQGHUVWDQG OLWHUDU\ WH[WV DQG ZRUG PHDQLQJV EH\RQG WKHLU GLFWLRQDU\ GHıQLWLRQV 7KLV DGYDQWDJH
LVGXHWRWKHPDLQIHDWXUHRIVHPDQWLFPDSPDNLQJŠVWXGHQWVZULWHGRZQWKHLUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI
WKH WH[W RQ WKH PDS E\ OLQNLQJ ZRUGV %HFDXVH RI WKLV IHDWXUH 6DWRŖV OHYHO RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQGGLĴFXOWLHVZHUHFOHDUO\VKRZQ,Q DGGLWLRQ VHPDQWLF PDSPDNLQJ DOVR IRVWHUV VWXGHQWVŖ GLVFXVVLRQ DW GHHSHU WKLQNLQJ OHYHOV E\HQFRXUDJLQJWKHPWRFRQVLGHUNH\ZRUGVLQWKHVWRU\VXFKDVZKHQ6DWRDQG.RGDKDGGLĳHUHQWRSLQLRQVDERXWWKHVWRU\ŖVNH\ZRUG)URPWKHYLHZSRLQWRIYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQWKLVPHDQVWKDWVHPDQWLF
PDSPDNLQJ DORQJ ZLWK RWKHU DFWLYLWLHV FRXOG IXQFWLRQ DV D WRRO WR KHOS VWXGHQWV WR XQGHUVWDQG
GLĳHUHQWRSLQLRQV

– 18 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

References +.DWVXWDDQG.,LGD  ŗ7HDFKHUVŖ)LYH5ROHVLQ6FDĳROGLQJ6WXGHQWVŖ5HDGHU5HVSRQVH$QDO\VLV RI $SSURDFKHV WR 6WXG\LQJ /LWHUDWXUH 8VLQJ 'D]DLŖV 6KRUW 6WRU\ ŕ+DVKLUH 0HURVXŖŘRetrieved from KWWSVZZZMVWDJHMVWJRMSDUWLFOHNRNXJRNDB.-B
DUWLFOHFKDUHQ /X ;XQ  DQG   ŗ0\ 2OG +RPHŘ The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales ofChina: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun3HQJXLQ&ODVVLFV /X ;XQ  DQG   ŗ0U )XMLQRŘ Selected Works of Lu Hsun Volume 1 )RUHLJQ/DQJXDJHV3UHVV 08NLGD  ŗ-DSDQHVH/DQJXDJHŘEducation in Contemporary Japan: System andContent7RVKLQGR 0<DPDJXWL  ŗ2XWOLQHRI&XUULFXODDQG7HDFKLQJ0HWKRGVŘEducation in Contemporary
Japan: System and Content7RVKLQGR
 5REHUW % 5XGGHOO   How to Teach Reading to Elementary- and Middle-SchoolStudents: Practical Ideas from Highly Effective Teachers 1st Edition$OO\QDQG%DFRQ– 19 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Global Citizenship and Deliberative
Democratic Education:
Focusing on the Controversy
in Political Philosophy and thePhilosophy of Education
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'U<XVXNH+LUDL$VVLVWDQW3URIHVVRU)DFXOW\RI+XPDQ6FLHQFHV
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7KHSXUSRVHVRIWKLVDUWLFOHDUHWRFODULI\IHDWXUHVRIWKHHGXFDWLRQDOSKLORVRSKLFDOFRQWURYHUV\RQ
JOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSDQGWRFRQVLGHUKRZZHWHDFKVWXGHQWVJOREDOMXVWLFHDQGWKHYDOXHVRIGHOLEHUDWLYH
GHPRFUDF\
6LQFHZKHQWKHFRXUVHRIVWXG\ZDVUHYLVHGZHKDYHDLPHGWRIRVWHULQVWXGHQWVD]HVWIRUOLIHLNLUXFKLNDUD LQ-DSDQ$]HVWIRUOLIHLVDFRPSUHKHQVLYHDELOLW\WKDWFRQVLVWVRIVROLGO\DFTXLUHGEDVLF
DQGIXQGDPHQWDONQRZOHGJHDQGVNLOOVPRUDOLW\DQGVRXQGERG\,WLVQHFHVVDU\IRUIXWXUHFLWL]HQVWR
OLYHDJRRGOLIHDQGWRXVHDFTXLUHGNQRZOHGJHDQGVNLOOVWRVROYHPDQ\SUREOHPVLQWKLVFRPSOLFDWHG
DQGUDSLGO\FKDQJLQJZRUOG2QHVXFKSUREOHPPLJKWUHODWHWRJOREDOLVDWLRQ– 21 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1,Q SDUDOOHO ZLWK WKHVH HGXFDWLRQDO WUHQGV FLWL]HQVKLS HGXFDWLRQ KDV EHHQ UHFHLYLQJ FRQVLGHUDEOH
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\HDUROGV DFFRPSDQ\LQJ WKH UHYLVLRQ RI WKH ŗ3XEOLF 2ĴFHV (OHFWLRQ /DZŘ LQ  FLWL]HQVKLSHGXFDWLRQLQVFKRROLQJKDVEHHQFRQVLGHUHGDVDVXEMHFWRILGHDOHGXFDWLRQDOVWXGLHV+RZHYHUWKHUHLVDJDSEHWZHHQWKHVHVWXGLHVDQGHGXFDWLRQDOSUDFWLFHV,WVHHPVWKDWWKHVWXG\RIFLWL]HQVKLSHGXFDWLRQLQ-DSDQLVVWLOOLQWKHGHYHORSLQJVWDJH
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The Trend of Citizenship Education in Japan
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During the planning process for the revision of the next school curriculum guidelines, contents of
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LVGHVFULEHGDVIROORZV 0(;7 “

To cultivate the dispositions and abilities needed for a citizen who can be
H ZPNUPÄJHU[ JYLH[VY VM H WLHJLM\S HUK KLTVJYH[PJ UH[PVU HUK ZVJPL[` HUKsubjectively live in the global society.

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teach students through activities that help them gain an understanding of social issues, focusing on
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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E\HGXFDWLRQDOSUDFWLFHDQGWKHHGXFDWLRQDOUHIRUPPRYHPHQWŘ 0DWVXR ,GHDOO\ZKDWLVVRXJKWLVWKDWPXOWLFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQZLOOEHGHYHORSHGLQWKHFRQWH[WRIVRFLDOMXVWLFH8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKLVLGHDOKDVQRW\HWEHHQDFKLHYHG+HUH,ZRXOGOLNHWRFRQVLGHUVRFLDOMXVWLFHLQWKHJOREDOVRFLHW\WKDWLVJOREDOMXVWLFHThe Controversy on Global Justice in Political Philosophy,Q PRGHUQ SROLWLFDO SKLORVRSK\ SKLORVRSKHUV KDYH DUJXHG DERXW JOREDO MXVWLFH RYHU -RKQ 5DZOVŖVWKHRU\RIMXVWLFH5DZOVGHULYHGWZRSULQFLSOHVRIMXVWLFH SULQFLSOHWKHOLEHUW\SULQFLSOHDWKH
GLĳHUHQWSULQFLSOHDQGEWKHIDLUHTXDOLW\RIRSSRUWXQLW\SULQFLSOH IRUIRUPLQJDIDLURUFRRSHUDWLYH
DQGMXVWVRFLHW\LQA Theory of Justice  
5DZOVGHVFULEHVWKHVHSULQFLSOHVDVIROORZV D 
FIRST PRINCIPLE
Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive total system of
equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all.

– 23 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

SECOND PRINCIPLE
Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both: (a)[V[OLNYLH[LZ[ILULÄ[VM[OLSLHZ[HK]HU[HNLKJVUZPZ[LU[^P[O[OLQ\Z[ZH]PUNZWYPUJPWSLHUKIH[[HJOLK[VVɉJLZHUKWVZP[PVUZVWLU[VHSS\UKLYJVUKP[PVUZ
of fair equality of opportunity.
+LVFODLPIRUXQLYHUVDOSULQFLSOHVVKUDQNLQKLVODWHUZRUNDVGHVFULEHGLQPolitical Liberalism  EXWKHWULHGWRH[SDQGOLEHUDOSULQFLSOHVWRJOREDOMXVWLFHLQThe Law of Peoples  In The Law of Peoples5DZOVIRUPXODWHVHLJKWSULQFLSOHVWKDWUHJXODWHWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOLQWHUDFWLRQVRISHRSOHDVIROORZV E 
 3HRSOHVDUHIUHHDQGLQGHSHQGHQWDQGWKHLUIUHHGRPDQGLQGHSHQGHQFHDUHWREHUHVSHFWHGE\
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

7KRXJK 5DZOVŖV The Law of Peoples KDV EHHQ ERWK VXSSRUWHG DQG FULWLFLVHG 7KRPDV 3RJJHZKRLVDFULWLFDOVXFFHVVRURI5DZOVGHYHORSHGDWKHRU\RIJOREDOMXVWLFHIURPDVWDQGRIUHVRXUFLVP
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“The existing global institutional order is neither natural nor God-given, butshaped and upheld by the more powerful governments and by other actors they
control (such as the EU, North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO], the United
Nations [UN], the World Trade Organization [WTO], OECD, the World Bank
[WB], and the International Monetary Fund [IMF]). At least the more privileged
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countries then bear a collective responsibility for their governments’ role indesigning and imposing this global order, and for their governments’ failure to
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ERUGHUVŘ )RU 2Ŗ1HLOO ş  5DZOVLDQ JOREDO MXVWLFH LV LQVXĴFLHQW EHFDXVH WKH SULPDU\DJHQWVRIMXVWLFHDUHDVVXPHGWREHWKHVWDWHV6KHFODLPVWKDWWKHUHDUHŗPDQ\EDGVWDWHVPDQ\ZHDNVWDWHVDQGPDQ\VWDWHVWRRZHDNWRSUHYHQWRUUHJXODWHWKHDFWLYLWLHVRIVXSSRVHGO\H[WHUQDOERGLHVZLWKLQWKHLUERUGHUVŘ  LWLVQRWHQRXJKWRYLHZVWDWHVDVSULPDU\DJHQWVRIMXVWLFH
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

1XVVEDXPZKRLVIDPRXVDVDFRVPRSROLWDQSKLORVRSKHUTXHVWLRQHG 1XVVEDXP ŗ0RVWLPSRUWDQWVKRXOGWKH\ VWXGHQWV EHWDXJKWWKDWWKH\DUHDERYHDOOFLWL]HQVRIWKH86RUVKRXOGWKH\
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“

We have duties to respect the rights of individual human beings the world
over, and schools the world over should teach children (not indoctrinate them)
to appreciate these duties. But it does not follow that we are ‘citizens of theworld’ or that our ‘fundamental allegiance’ is to the community of humanbeings in the entire world. This cosmopolitan position might be attractive, were
our only alternative to give our primary allegiance to the U.S.A. or to someother politically sovereign community. But we have another alternative, which
Nussbaum neglects (and does not recognise as the position defended bydemocratic humanism)—to reject the idea that our primary allegiance is to any
actual community, and to recognise the moral importance of being empowered
as free and equal citizens of a genuinely democratic polity.

”

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LGHDO HGXFDWLRQDO WKHRU\ KDV WR EH FRQVWUXFWHG VWDUWLQJ ZLWK WKDW DVVXPSWLRQ +HUH ZH FDQ VHHWKDWWKHW\SHVRIWKLQNLQJLQSROLWLFDOSKLORVRSK\DQGLQSKLORVRSK\RIHGXFDWLRQKDYHVRPHPLQRUGHYLDWLRQVIURPHDFKRWKHU– 26 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

The Need for Deliberative Democratic Education:K\GRHV*XWPDQQDGKHUHWRGHPRFUDF\"*XWPDQQ  LQGLFDWHVWKDW“

A philosophy of democratic education rejects the idea that national boundaries
are morally salient. If they are politically salient, however, then public education
ought to cultivate in all students the skills and virtues of democratic citizenship,including the capacity to deliberate about the demands of justice for all
individuals, not only for present-day citizens of the U.S. Deliberating about
the demands of justice is a central virtue of democratic citizenship because itis primarily (not exclusively) through our empowerment as democratic citizens
that we can further the cause of justice around the world.

”

In Democratic Education, Gutmann claimed that the ideal educational goal is conscious social
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“In giving reasons for their decisions, citizens and their representatives should[Y`[VÄUKQ\Z[PÄJH[PVUZ[OH[TPUPTPZL[OLPYKPɈLYLUJLZ^P[O[OLPYVWWVULU[Z¯Practicing the economy of moral disagreement promotes the value of mutual
respect (which is at the core of deliberative democracy). By economisingon their disagreements, citizens and their representatives can continue to^VYR [VNL[OLY [V ÄUK JVTTVU NYV\UK PM UV[ VU [OL WVSPJPLZ [OH[ WYVK\JLK
the disagreement, then on related policies about which they stand a greater
JOHUJLVMÄUKPUNHNYLLTLU[”6XFKDQDVVHUWLRQFDQEHDSSOLHGWRWKHPHWKRGRIQXUWXULQJFLWL]HQVZKRFDQSXUVXHMXVWLFHDFURVVQDWLRQDOERXQGDULHVZKLOHUHFRJQLVLQJWKHQDWLRQVWDWHV,WLVHVVHQWLDOWRGHYHORSWKHDELOLW\WRUHODWH
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LQWHUDFWLYHHGXFDWLRQ– 27 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Conclusion: Towards a Fair Global World
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WKHDELOLW\WRRYHUFRPHWKHGHVLUHWRJLYHSULRULW\WRVHOILQWHUHVWVDUHQHFHVVDU\WKLVLVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKHLGHDOSXUVXHGE\GHOLEHUDWLYHGHPRFUDF\$V81(6&2  LQGLFDWHVWKDWWUDQVIRUPDWLYHSHGDJRJ\ OHDGV WR HGXFDWLYH DQG VRFLDO LQQRYDWLRQV WKDW EULQJ DERXW FKDQJH IRU WKH EHWWHU LW LVWKRXJKWWKDWGHOLEHUDWLYHGHPRFUDWLFHGXFDWLRQKDVWKHVDPHIHDWXUHVDVWUDQVIRUPDWLYHSHGDJRJ\,QWKHPRWLRQWRZDUGVDMXVWJOREDOZRUOGLWLVKRSHGWKDWGHOLEHUDWLYHLGHDOVDUHEURDGO\DFFHSWHGDQGGHOLEHUDWLRQRQFRQWURYHUVLDOLVVXHVLVDGRSWHGDVDPHWKRGXVHGLQ*&('References $P\*XWPDQQ  ŗ'HPRFUDWLF&LWL]HQVKLSŘ-RVKXD&RKHQ(GFor Love of Country?
%HDFRQ3UHVV $P\*XWPDQQ  Democratic Education (New Edition)3ULQFHWRQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV– 28 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

 $P\ *XWPDQQ DQG 'HQQLV 7KRPSVRQ   Why Deliberative Democracy? 3ULQFHWRQ
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV -RKQ5DZOV D A Theory of Justice 5HYLVHG(GLWLRQ 2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV -RKQ5DZOV E The Law of Peoples+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV .$QWKRQ\$SSLDK  ŗ&RVPRSROLWDQ3DWULRWŘFor Love of Country?%HDFRQ3UHVV 0DUWKD & 1XVVEDXP   ŗ3DWULRWLVP DQG &RVPRSROLWDQLVPŘ For Love of Country?
%HDFRQ3UHVV 0(;7  ŗ6XPPDU\5HSRUWRI'HOLEHUDWLRQVLQWKH:RUNLQJ*URXS$ERXW6RFLDO6WXGLHV*HRJUDSK\DQG+LVWRU\DQG&LYLFVŘ5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSZZZPH[WJRMS 2QRUD2Ŗ1HLOO  Justice Across Boundaries&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV7KRPDV3RJJH  World Poverty and Human Rights Second Edition3ROLW\3UHVV7RPRDNL 0DWVXR   ŗ0XOWLFXOWXUDO (GXFDWLRQŘ Handbook of Modern American
Education7RVKLQGR3XEOLVKHUV81(6&2  ŗ*OREDO&LWL]HQVKLS(GXFDWLRQ3UHSDULQJ/HDUQHUVIRUWKH&KDOOHQJHVRIWKH
VW&HQWXU\Ř5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSXQHVGRFXQHVFRRUJLPDJHV(SGI81(6&2  ŗ5HWKLQNLQJ(GXFDWLRQ7RZDUGVD*OREDO&RPPRQ*RRG"Ř5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSXQHVGRFXQHVFRRUJLPDJHVHSGI
<XNR.DPLVKLPD  Rawls and His Critics in a Globalising World0LQHUYD3XEOLVKLQJ<XVXNH+LUDL  The Educational Theory of Amy Gutmann6HRULVKRER3XEOLVKHUV<XWR.LWDPXUD  ŗ(GXFDWLRQIRU*OREDO&LWL]HQLQ0XOWLSOH$VLDŘCitizenship Education in
Global Era,ZDQDPL3XEOLFDWLRQ– 29 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Issues and Expectations in Japan
About Moral or Values Education
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Abstract
7KLVDUWLFOHWDFNOHVYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQZKLFKKDVDGLYHUVHUDQJHRIPHDQLQJVGHSHQGLQJRQRQHŖV
FRXQWU\UHJLRQDQGSHUVRQ,QWKLVDUWLFOHKRZHYHULWDVDJHQHULFWHUPWKDWFRYHUVPRUDOUHOLJLRXVSROLWLFDO FLWL]HQVKLS FKDUDFWHU DQG RWKHU NLQGV RI HGXFDWLRQ ,Q -DSDQ WKH ODZ UHTXLUHV QHXWUDOLW\ZLWKUHJDUGWRUHOLJLRQDQGSROLWLFDODĴOLDWLRQVRYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQLVPRUHRIWHQWDNHQWRPHDQPRUDOHGXFDWLRQIntroduction
7RGD\ZHOLYHLQDJOREDOVRFLHW\WKDWUHTXLUHVXVWRUHVSHFWDGLYHUVHUDQJHRIYDOXHV\VWHPVDQG
FRH[LVW ZLWK GLĳHUHQW FXOWXUDO JURXSV 7KLV QHFHVVLWDWHV PDMRU FKDQJHV LQ WKH ZRUOG RI HGXFDWLRQSDUWLFXODUO\PRUDOHGXFDWLRQ&RPSDUHGZLWKRWKHUFRXQWULHVKRZHYHU-DSDQKDVQRWVHHQDQ\PDMRUFKDQJHLQWKHZD\PRUDOHGXFDWLRQ LV WDXJKW 7KH -DSDQHVH JRYHUQPHQW DQG 0(;7 RI FRXUVH KDYH VWURQJ DPELWLRQV IRUUHIRUP,QIDFWPRUDOHGXFDWLRQUHIRUPVZHUHPDGHWRWKHFRXUVHRIVWXG\IRUWKHıUVWWLPHLQDERXW\HDUVODVW\HDU7KHPRVWVLJQLıFDQWFKDQJHKDVEHHQWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRIPRUDOWLPHDOHDUQLQJDUHDLQWRWKHVXEMHFWPRUDOLW\'HVSLWHWKLVKRZHYHUDOPRVWQRSURJUHVVKDVEHHQPDGHLQWHUPVRIFODVVURRPSUDFWLFH
7KLVDUWLFOHZLOOLGHQWLI\SUREOHPVLQ-DSDQDORQJZLWKDIXWXUHRXWORRNWKDWSXWVIRUWKEHVWDSSURDFKHVWRYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQQRWMXVWLQWKHFRXQWU\EXWDOVRLQRWKHU$VLDQFRXQWULHV– 31 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Changes to Moral Education in Japan
7KHPRGHUQVFKRROV\VWHPLQ-DSDQZDVHVWDEOLVKHGE\ODZLQ6HSWHPEHU7ZRPRQWKVEHIRUHWKDWWKHWKHQ0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQ6FLHQFHDQG&XOWXUHHVWDEOLVKHGDQRUPDOVFKRROIRUWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQDVWKHFRXQWU\ŖVıUVWSXEOLFVFKRRO7KDWQRUPDOVFKRROLVWKHIRUHUXQQHURIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI7VXNXED7KHVFKRRODGRSWHG(XURSHDQDQG$PHULFDQLQVWUXFWLRQDOPHWKRGVDQGGLVVHPLQDWHG
WKHVHWKURXJKRXW-DSDQ$URXQGKRZHYHUDSSUHKHQVLRQVDERXWWKH:HVWHUQLVDWLRQRIHGXFDWLRQLQ-DSDQDURVHDORQJZLWK KRSHV RI JLYLQJ WKH (PSHURU D FHQWUDO UROH LQ WKH V\VWHP 7KH PRYHPHQW DVVHUWHG &KLQHVH
&RQIXFLDQLVP %HIRUH ORQJ WKH PRYHPHQW JDLQHG SRZHU DQG LQ  WKH ŗ,PSHULDO 5HVFULSW RQ
(GXFDWLRQŘZDVDQQRXQFHGDVWKH(PSHURUŖVGHFODUDWLRQUHJDUGLQJHGXFDWLRQ“Know ye, our subjects; our Imperial Ancestors have founded Our Empire on
H IHZPZ IYVHK HUK L]LYSHZ[PUN HUK OH]L KLLWS` HUK ÄYTS` PTWSHU[LK ]PY[\L"
V\Y Z\IQLJ[Z L]LY \UP[LK PU SV`HS[` HUK ÄSPHS WPL[` OH]L MYVT NLULYH[PVU [V
generation illustrated the beauty thereof. This is the glory of the fundamental
character of Our Empire, and herein also lies the source of our education.
@LV\YZ\IQLJ[Z[VILÄSPHS[V`V\YWHYLU[ZHɈLJ[PVUH[L[V`V\YIYV[OLYZHUK
sisters; as husbands and wives be harmonious, as friends true; bear yourselvesin modesty and moderation; extend your benevolence to all; pursue learningand cultivate arts, and thereby develop intellectual faculties and perfect moral
powers; furthermore advance public good and promote common interests;
always respect the Constitution and observe the law; should emergency arise
VɈLY`V\YZLS]LZJV\YHNLV\ZS`[V[OL:[H[L"HUK[O\ZN\HYKHUKTHPU[HPU[OL
prosperity of Our Imperial Throne coeval with heaven and earth. So shall ye not
only be our good and faithful subjects, but render illustrious the best traditionsof your forefathers.
The Way here set forth is indeed the teaching bequeathed by Our Imperial
Ancestors, to be observed alike by their descendants and the subjects,
infallible for all ages and true in all places. It is our wish to lay it to heart in all
reverence, in common with you, our subjects, that we may all thus attain to thesame virtue.
The 30th day of the 10th month of the 23rd year of
Meiji, (Imperial Sign Manual, Imperial Seal)”

Note: 7KHQ0LQLVWHURI(GXFDWLRQ1REXDNL0DNLQRDVNHG'DLURNX.LNXFKLDQGRWKHUVWRSUHSDUHWKLV(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQLQ

– 32 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1,QWKHGHFODUDWLRQWKHLGHDOVWDWHRIWKHFLWL]HQU\RUWKHLUYDOXHVDVKXPDQEHLQJVDUHFOHDUO\LQGLFDWHG
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GHVLJQDWHGWH[WERRNVRQPRUDOHGXFDWLRQZHUHSUHSDUHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKLVSROLF\DQGWKHPRUDOYDOXHVWKDWQHHGHGWREHLPSDUWHGZHUHWDXJKWWKURXJKWKHFKDUDFWHUVLQIHDWXUHGVWRULHV LHYDOXHVRULHQWHGPRUDOHGXFDWLRQ 7KHPRUDOYDOXHVRUYLUWXHVWKDWZHUHJLYHQVSHFLDOHPSKDVLVLQFOXGHGOR\DOW\ıOLDOSLHW\IULHQGVKLSPHUF\GHYRWLRQUHYHUHQFHFRXUDJHDQGPRGHVW\$WZRUVWWKLVOHGWRPLOLWDULVWLFWKLQNLQJ)RUH[DPSOHWKHGHDWKRIWKHVROGLHU.RKHL.LNXFKLLQWKH6LQR-DSDQHVH:DURIşZDVGHVFULEHGLQDJRYHUQPHQWGHVLJQDWHGWH[WERRNIRUıUVWJUDGHVWXGHQWVSXEOLVKHG
LQDVŗ.RKHL.LNXFKLZDVVWUXFNE\DQHQHP\EXOOHWEXWHYHQLQGHDWKWKHEXJOHQHYHUOHIWKLVOLSVŘ
$IWHU-DSDQŖVGHIHDWLQ:RUOG:DU,,LQ$PHULFDQVW\OHHGXFDWLRQRULHQWHGWRZDUGVOHDUQLQJIURP
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WKLQJVIRULPSURYLQJRQHVHOILQWKHIXWXUHŘ,WWXUQHGDSUREOHPWKDWDQ\RQHFDQH[SHULHQFHLQGDLO\OLIHLQWRDSHUVRQDOLVVXH,WWDXJKWVWXGHQWVWRWUHDWPLVWDNHVDVYDOXDEOHWKLQJVEXWGLGQRWDGYLVHWKHPWRDSRORJLVHZKLFKFRXOGFDXVHH[WUHPHGLVWRUWLRQVLQWKHLUPRUDOLW\,IZHEUHDNVRPHRQHHOVHŖVSURSHUW\VKRXOGZHUHDOO\SULRULWLVHWKLQNLQJRIWKHHYHQWDVDYDOXDEOHOHVVRQ",IWKDWZDVWKHFDVHZRXOGZHQRWPDNHLWDKDELWWRFRPPLWPLVWDNHVVRZHOHDUQPRUH"'RHVWKLVQRWFDXVHSHRSOHWR
EHH[WUHPHO\HJRWLVWLF"– 33 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

7KH UHVSRQVHV WR WKH TXHVWLRQV EHFRPH FOHDUHU ZKHQ WKH WH[W ZDV FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQW
RI D SUHZDU JRYHUQPHQWLVVXHG WH[WERRN IRU ıUVW\HDU VWXGHQWV SXEOLVKHG LQ  ZKLFK WDXJKWVWXGHQWVQRWWRKLGHWKHLUPLVWDNHV,QRQHVWRU\DER\DSRORJLVHGIRUGDPDJLQJDVKRMLVFUHHQ SDSHUVOLGLQJVFUHHQ RQKLVQHLJKERXUŖVKRXVHZKLOHSOD\LQJZLWKDEDOO,WWDXJKWVWXGHQWVWRDSRORJLVHIRU
PLVWDNHVXQOLNHLQDVLPLODUVWRU\LQŗ1RWHERRNRIWKH+HDUWŘ7RRPXFKHPSKDVLVRQSV\FKRORJ\RULHQWHGPRUDOLW\WKHQPD\QRWEHWKHSURSHUZD\WRJRŗ1RWHERRNRIWKH+HDUWŘZDVODWHUUHYLVHG
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VXEMHFWPRUDOLW\ZKLFKZDVQRWRQO\YDOXHVRULHQWHGEXWDOVRSV\FKRORJ\RULHQWHGThe Current State of Moral Education in Japan%HJLQQLQJ$SULO0(;7FHUWLıHGWH[WERRNVZHUHXVHGLQPRUDOLW\FODVVHVLQHOHPHQWDU\VFKRROV
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PXOWLSHUVSHFWLYH YLHZSRLQWV 6WXGHQWV PXVW GHHSHQ WKHLU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI PRUDO YDOXHV LQ
UHODWLRQWRWKHLURZQVHOYHV•7HDFKHUVPXVWREVHUYHDQGDGGUHVVVSHFLıFOHDUQLQJQHHGVRILQGLYLGXDOVWXGHQWVRYHUWLPH

7KHUHSRUWDOVRFDOOHGIRUREVHUYDWLRQRYHUDORQJSHULRGRIWLPHIRUH[DPSOHRQH\HDU,WFDOOHG
IRULQVSHFWLRQRIHVVD\VRQWKRXJKWVDQGLPSUHVVLRQVIRUPHGRYHUWKHFRXUVHRID\HDU6WXGHQWVVKRXOGEHHQFRXUDJHGWRDSSO\WKHLUOHDUQLQJVLQWKHLUGDLO\OLYHV7HDFKHUVVKRXOGHYDOXDWHVWXGHQWVEDVHGRQJURZWK– 34 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

2QWKHVSRWLQVWUXFWLRQVKRXOGDYRLGXQGHUVWDQGLQJKRZVWRU\FKDUDFWHUVIHOWEXWVKRXOGIRFXVRQ
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RI VLPSOH OLIH H[SHULHQFHV 7HDFKHUV VKRXOG LQVWHDG LQFRUSRUDWH H[SHULHQWLDO DQG SUREOHPVROYLQJWHFKQLTXHV LQ PRUDOLW\ FODVVHV 0RUDO HGXFDWLRQ VKRXOG EH IRXQGHG RQ YDOXHVRULHQWHG PRUDOHGXFDWLRQ,PSURYLQJHYDOXDWLRQPHWKRGVVKRXOGEHWUHDWHGDVDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRSURPRWHGLYHUVH
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Conclusion
Recent reforms in moral education in Japan did not start from the academe or the front lines of
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WR PRUDO EHKDYLRXU :H FDQ QRW RQO\ UHO\ RQ H[SHULHQWLDO SUREOHPVROYLQJ DQG GLVFXVVLRQEDVHGOHDUQLQJZHQHHGWRGRPRUH:HVKRXOGQRWRQO\IRFXVRQZKDWPDWWHUDWSUHVHQWDQGLPSURYLQJ
FRQWHQW :H VKRXOG LQWHJUDWH LQVWUXFWLRQ DQG HYDOXDWLRQ :H VKRXOG NHHS LQ PLQG WKDW LQ WRGD\ŖV
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7LPHVKDYHFKDQJHDQGVRVKRXOGWKHFRQWHQWWDXJKW2YHUWKH\HDUVWKHOLVWRIYDOXHVKDVMXVW
H[SDQGHG WR LQFOXGH DXWRQRP\ JRRG IDLWK PRGHUDWLRQ JURZWK LQ LQGLYLGXDOLW\ FRXUDJH SXUVXLWRI WUXWK NLQGQHVV JUDWLWXGH FRXUWHV\ IULHQGVKLS WROHUDQFH UHVSHFW IRU UXOHV IDLUQHVV GLOLJHQFH
familial love, group life, respect for tradition and culture, international understanding, respect for life,
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WR PLGGOH VFKRRO 7HDFKHUV FDQQRW SRVVLEO\ UHPHPEHU WKHP DOO $QG PRUDO HGXFDWLRQ VSHFLDOLVWVLQYROYHGLQFUHDWLQJFRXUVHRXWOLQHVGRQRWHYHQDWWHPSWWRSULRULWLVHZKDWVWXGHQWVVKRXOGEHWDXJKW
PRUH

– 35 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

7KHŗ,PSHULDO5HVFULSWRQ(GXFDWLRQŘDGYRFDWHVPRUDOVŠEHıOLDOWR\RXUSDUHQWVKHOS\RXUVLEOLQJVEHKDUPRQLRXVDVKXVEDQGVDQGZLYHVDQGVRRQ1RWDOOSHRSOHZLOOEHDEOHWRUHPHPEHUWKHP
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VRFLHW\7KLVKRSHFDQEHDFKLHYHGZLWKLPSURYHPHQWVWRYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQ

References
 0DVDKLNR1LVKLPXUD$NLR<XNL7DNHR<RVKLGD.D]XR0XUDNDPLDQG0DVDWRVKL'RL  ŗ([DPLQLQJ WKH )RXQGDWLRQV RI 0RUDO (GXFDWLRQ /HDUQLQJ IURP WKH 3URYLGHQFH RI 1DWXUHŘ*DNXEXQVKD
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6HFWLRQ RQ 0RUDOLW\Ř 5HWULHYHG IURP KWWSZZZPH[WJRMSFRPSRQHQWDBPHQXHGXFDWLRQPLFURBGHWDLOBBLFV)LOHVDıHOGıOHBBSGI 0(;7 QG  ŗ-DSDQ 81(6&2 1DWLRQDO &RPPLWWHHŘ 5HWULHYHG IURP KWWSZZZPH[WJRMS
XQHVFRKWP
 7DNHR <RVKLGD   ŗ6WHLQHUŖV 7KHRU\ RI &KDUDFWHU )RUPDWLRQ 6HDUFKLQJ IRU D &KDQJH LQ
0RUDO(GXFDWLRQŘ*DNXEXQVKD– 36 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

 7DNHR<RVKLGD  ŗ0RYLQJ$ZD\IURP(GXFDWLRQRIWKH0LQGDQG0RUDO(GXFDWLRQ)URPWKH
0LQGWR5HODWLRQVKLSVDQG7KHQWR6SLULWŘ*DNXEXQVKD

– 37 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Seeking the Value ofMathematics Education:
The Case of SEA-BES
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Abstract
7KHDLPRIWKLVDUWLFOHLVWRVKDUHZKDWYDOXHVDUHGHVFULEHGLQWKH6($%(6&&5/6IRU0DWKHPDWLFV
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– 39 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Introduction
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6($3/0– 40 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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Excerpts of Descriptions for Values in
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– 41 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Nature of Mathematics to Propose the
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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Aims of Mathematics Education in SEA-BES: CCRLS
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Mathematical Values, Attitudes, and Habits of the Mind
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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In traditional manner of teaching mathematics, drills and exercises are used for teaching the
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Conclusion
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References
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7KLQNLQJŘ Mathematical Thinking: How to Develop It in Classrooms 6LQJDSRUH :RUOG
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ศึกษา.KRQ.DHQ7KDLODQG 0DVDPL,VRGD  Study with Your Friends: Mathematics
 0DVDPL,VRGDDQG'DYLG7DOO  Junior-High School Mathematics Volumes 1–37RN\R-DSDQ*DNNR7RV\R– 48 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

 0DVDPL,VRGD$NL0XUDWDDQG$LGD,VWLQR<DS  Study with Your Friends: Mathematics
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School Mathematics Curriculum Reforms: Challenges, Changes, and Opportunities
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Values Education and Global
Citizenship in Social Studies
in Japan
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8QLYHUVLW\RI7VXNXEDAbstract
Values education means education for the purpose of the teaching and learning of values used for
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Introduction
Values, Education, and Development of Global Citizenship in Japan
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education means education for the purpose of teaching and learning of values used for decision
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Positioning of Social Studies in the Curriculum-DSDQKDVDQDWLRQDOFXUULFXOXPFDOOHGWKHŗ&RXUVHRI6WXG\Ř%RWKSXEOLFDQGSULYDWHVFKRROVGHYHORSFXUULFXODEDVHGRQWKLV,QDFWXDOLW\WKHVHYDU\E\VFKRROVLQFHWKH\DUHGHYHORSHGLQDFFRUGDQFH
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LQKLJKVFKRROV+HUH,ZLOOIRFXVRQDQH[SODQDWLRQRIHOHPHQWDU\DQGPLGGOHVFKRROVVLQFHWKHQHZ
&RXUVHRI6WXG\IRUKLJKVFKRROVZLOOEHSUHVHQWHGLQ0DUFK

– 52 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1,Q WKH QHZ &RXUVH RI 6WXG\ HOHPHQWDU\ VFKRROV IRU H[DPSOH ZLOO KDYH  VXEMHFWV -DSDQHVH
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VHHWKDWVRFLDOVWXGLHVSOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQSURPRWLQJYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQLQVFKRROVClasses Concerning Values Education in Social Studies
Principle of Developing Global Citizenship Based on Values Education
7KHWHUPŗYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQŘLVQRWIUHTXHQWO\XVHGLQVRFLDOVWXGLHVLQ-DSDQ$FFRUGLQJO\FODVVHVLQWURGXFHGKHUHDUHWKRVHWKRXJKWWREHFRQQHFWHGWRVXFKHGXFDWLRQ&ODVVHVVHOHFWHGPHHWWKH
EHORZWKUHHUHTXLUHPHQWV– 53 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

7KHıUVWLVWKDWWKH\XVHVRFLDOLVVXHVDVWHDFKLQJPDWHULDO(YHQLQDVRFLDOVWXGLHVFODVVWKDWDLPVWRGHYHORSJOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSVRFLDOLVVXHVDGGUHVVHGGRQRWQHHGWREHJOREDOLQQDWXUH,PSRUWDQWVRFLDOLVVXHVWKDWDUHGLĴFXOWWRUHVROYHZKHWKHUWKH\EHIRUHLJQRUGRPHVWLFDUHUDLVHG7KHVHFRQG
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SULQFLSOHV

Social Studies Classroom Practices in Elementary Schools+HUH,ZLOOGLVFXVVOHDUQLQJLQVRFLDOVWXGLHVFODVVHVIRUıIWKJUDGHUVLQHOHPHQWDU\VFKRRO6RFLDOVWXGLHVIRUWKHıIWKJUDGHLQHOHPHQWDU\VFKRRODGGUHVVHVWKHıYHDUHDVRI  WKHWHUULWRU\RI-DSDQDQGWKHOLYHVRILWVSHRSOH  DJULFXOWXUDODQGıVKHU\IRRGSURGXFWLRQLQ-DSDQ  -DSDQHVHLQGXVWULDOSURGXFWLRQ  WKHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQLQGXVWU\DQGLQIRUPDWLRQLQ-DSDQDQG  WKHUHODWLRQ
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DQGSUHVHUYDWLRQ– 54 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

7KHFRQVHUYDWLRQSRVLWLRQLVEDVHGRQWKHLGHDRIŗSURWHFWLRQRIQDWXUHIRUKXPDQVŘDQGVWXGHQWVDUH
SUHVHQWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJYLHZRIDFRQVHUYDWLRQDGYRFDWH

“;OLYP]LY[OH[ÅV^Z[OYV\NOV\Y[V^UÅVVKZULHYS`L]LY``LHYZ@V\WYVIHIS`Z[PSSYLTLTILY[OLÅVVKSHZ[`LHY[OH[RPSSLKTHU`WLVWSLHUKKLZ[YV`LKOVTLZ
>LWYVWVZLJV]LYPUN[OLYP]LYILK^P[OJVUJYL[L[VWYL]LU[ÅVVKPUN,]LUPM^L
KV[OPZ[OLÄZOPU[OLYP]LY^PSSYLTHPU[OLYL(SZV^L^PSSI\PSKH^H[LYWHYR
around the river so that the river will be popular amongst town residents.

”

2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHSUHVHUYDWLRQSRVLWLRQLVEDVHGRQWKHLGHDRIŗSURWHFWLRQRIQDWXUHIRUQDWXUHŘ
7KHIROORZLQJYLHZRIDSUHVHUYDWLRQDGYRFDWHZDVSUHVHQWHGWRVWXGHQWV

“;OL ÅVVKZ HYL ZV KHTHNPUN ILJH\ZL V\Y UH[\YHS KPZHZ[LY WYLWHYLKULZZ PZ
SHJRPUN ,]LU PM ^L HYL Z\ɉJPLU[S` WYLWHYLK [OV\NO ^L JHUUV[ JVTWSL[LS`avoid damage. Floods are unavoidable. If we cover the riverbed with concrete,P[^PSSOH]LHNYLH[PTWHJ[VU[OLZ\YYV\UKPUNLU]PYVUTLU[;OLÄZOHUK[OL
beautiful nearby vegetation that are there now will be gone. Protecting nature
is more important than anything else.

”

7R VWDUW VWXGHQWV VXPPDULVH WKH SOXVHV DQG PLQXVHV RI HDFK SRVLWLRQ LQ D WDEOH WR DFFXUDWHO\XQGHUVWDQGWKHP7KH\WKHQFKRRVHDSRVLWLRQDQGGLVFXVVZLWKVWXGHQWVZKRVHOHFWHGWKHRWKHUSRVLWLRQ 7KH GLVFXVVLRQ KRZHYHU LV QRW WR VHHN DQ DQVZHU 7KH SRLQW LV WR FODULI\ WKH GHFLVLRQFULWHULDIRUFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGSUHVHUYDWLRQIRUVWXGHQWVWRKDYHDEDVLVIRUVKDULQJWKHLUYLHZVZLWKRWKHUVDQGWRZRUNWRJHWKHUWRGHULYHVROXWLRQV&RQVLGHULQJSUREOHPVZLWKRXWDQVZHUVDOORZVXVWRıQGWKHPHDQLQJRIFODVVURRPSUDFWLFHEDVHGRQYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQSocial Studies Classroom Practices in Middle Schools+HUH ZH ZLOO H[DPLQH WKH VWXG\ RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO VXSSRUW LQ WKH FLYLF DUHD LQ PLGGOH VFKRRO VRFLDOVWXGLHVFODVVHV
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,Q LWHP  SUREOHPV LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO VRFLHW\ DQG XV VWXGHQWV ZKR VWXGLHG WKH UROH RI LQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQLVDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJWKH81WKHUROHRI-DSDQLQLQWHUQDWLRQDOVRFLHW\DVZHOODV-DSDQHVHVHFXULW\VHOIGHIHQVHDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRQWULEXWLRQVFRPHWRVHHHFRQRPLFDQGWHFKQLFDOFRRSHUDWLRQDVFUXFLDOLQUHVROYLQJSUREOHPVVXFKDVWKHJOREDOHQYLURQPHQWUHVRXUFHVDQGHQHUJ\LVVXHV7KHVH
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1,Q WKHLU VWXG\ RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO VXSSRUW VWXGHQWV FRQVLGHUHG VXSSRUW IRU WKH 5HSXEOLF RI 1LJHU LQ
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SURıWRUJDQLVDWLRQ 132 WKDWVXSSRUWVWKLVFRXQWU\7RVWDUWWKHIROORZLQJıYHFXUUHQWLQWHUQDWLRQDOVXSSRUW SURMHFWV ZHUH SUHVHQWHG WR VWXGHQWVŠIRRG GRQDWLRQV YDFFLQDWLRQV DJDLQVW LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVSURYLVLRQRIDJULFXOWXUDOWHFKQRORJ\FRQVWUXFWLRQRIHOHPHQWDU\VFKRROVDQGGRQDWLRQRIVRODUODQWHUQVDQGWKHVWXGHQWVFRQVLGHUHGZKLFKSURMHFWVWRSULRULWLVH7KHQLQWHUQDWLRQDOVXSSRUWFRQGLWLRQVDQGWKH$PDUW\D6HQFDSDELOLW\DSSURDFKZDVH[SODLQHGWRWKHFODVVDQGWKHVWXGHQWVDJDLQFRQVLGHUHGZKLFKRIWKHıYHSURMHFWVVKRXOGUHFHLYHSULRULW\,QWKHıUVWURXQGPRVWVWXGHQWVJDYHıUVWSULRULW\WRHLWKHUIRRGGRQDWLRQVRUYDFFLQDWLRQVEHFDXVH
WKH\IHOWWKDWKXPDQOLIHZDVRIWKHJUHDWHVWLPSRUWDQFH,QWKHVHFRQGURXQGRIGHFLVLRQPDNLQJWKH
QXPEHURIVWXGHQWVDVVLJQLQJıUVWSULRULW\WRSURYLVLRQRIDJULFXOWXUDOWHFKQRORJ\RUFRQVWUXFWLRQRI
HOHPHQWDU\VFKRROVLQFUHDVHG7KLVLVDUHVXOWRIVXVWDLQDELOLW\EHLQJDGGHGWRKXPDQOLIHDVGHFLVLRQFULWHULD IRU WKH VWXGHQWV 6WXGHQWV FRQVLGHUHG QRW WHPSRUDU\ VXSSRUW EXW VXSSRUW RI D ORQJWHUPQDWXUHDQGEHJDQWRWKLQNDERXWZKDWNLQGRIDVVLVWDQFHZRXOGLQFUHDVHWKHSRWHQWLDORIWKHSHRSOH
RIWKH5HSXEOLFRI1LJHU

Conclusion,QYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQEDVHGFODVVHVVWXGHQWVDUHPDGHWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHFRQĲLFWRIYDOXHVEHKLQGWKHUHVROXWLRQRISUREOHPVDQGDUHUHPLQGHGRIWKHLURZQLPSRUWDQWYDOXHVWKURXJKGLVFXVVLRQProgress in Values Education and Development of Global Citizenship,Q-DSDQWKHUHLVLQFUHDVLQJFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIGHYHORSLQJJOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSDQGZLWKWKHDGRSWLRQRIWKHŗ$JHQGDIRU6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWŘDWWKH816XPPLWUHVXOWLQJLQWKH6'*V
EHFRPLQJZLGHO\NQRZQJOREDOO\WKHUHLVLQFUHDVLQJIRFXVRQVXFKGHYHORSPHQW
7KH QDWLRQDO JRYHUQPHQW DV ZHOO LV ZRUNLQJ WR VXSSRUW UHDOLVDWLRQ RI WKH 6'*V E\ VWUXFWXULQJ DQ
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ V\VWHP DQG JXLGHOLQHV DQG FRRSHUDWLQJ ZLWK VWDNHKROGHUV DQG LWV UROH LV OLNHO\ WR
LQFUHDVHLQLPSRUWDQFH6FKRROEDVHGHGXFDWLRQDOVRSOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQGHYHORSLQJJOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSDQGVXFKDIRXQGDWLRQZLOOVHUYHWKHVHFKLOGUHQZKHQWKH\EHFRPHDGXOWVDQGOHDGHUVRIVRFLHW\– 56 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

6LQFH -DSDQ KDV D &RXUVH RI 6WXG\ DV D QDWLRQDO FXUULFXOXP LW LV SRVVLEOH WR HĴFLHQWO\ GHYHORS
JOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSDQGSURPRWHYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQ$OVRHOHPHQWDU\VFKRROVPLGGOHVFKRROVKLJKVFKRROVDQGVSHFLDOVXSSRUWVFKRROVDUHFDSDEOHRIGHYHORSLQJWKHLURZQFXUULFXODEDVHGRQWKH&RXUVHRI6WXG\WKURXJKHPSKDVLVRQWKHSULQFLSOHVRIFXUULFXODRSHQWRVRFLHW\DQGFXUULFXOXPPDQDJHPHQW,WLVDOVRQRZNQRZQJOREDOO\WKDWLQGLYLGXDOWHDFKHUVFDQ
HQKDQFHFODVVOHVVRQVWKURXJKUHSHDWHGOHVVRQVWXG\6FKRROHGXFDWLRQLQ-DSDQKDVDJUHDWGHDORISRWHQWLDO
7KHYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQFODVVURRPSUDFWLFHLQHOHPHQWDU\DQGPLGGOHVFKRROVH[DPLQHGKHUHKRZHYHULVQRWQHFHVVDULO\WKHQRUP7KHDGYHUVHHĳHFWVRIWKHWHDFKLQJIRUH[DPVWKDWLVFRPPRQLQ(DVW$VLDQQDWLRQVDQGWKHUHGXFWLRQLQRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUOHVVRQVWXG\GXHWRWHDFKHUVEHLQJEXV\DUH
REVWDFOHVWRFRQGXFWLQJYDOXHVHGXFDWLRQFODVVHV$OVRWKHJUHDWHVWLVVXHLVWKDWWKHWKHRU\DQG
PHWKRGVIRUWKLVW\SHRIHGXFDWLRQDUHXQGHUGHYHORSPHQW,WLVP\KRSHWKDWWKHWKUHHGHYHORSPHQW
SULQFLSOHVFRYHUHGKHUHZLOOFRQWULEXWHWRVXFKGHYHORSPHQW

References
 0(;7  ŗ,PSURYHPHQWRI$FDGHPLF$ELOLWLHV &RXUVHVRI6WXG\ Ř5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSZZZPH[WJRMSHQSROLF\HGXFDWLRQHOVHFWLWOHGHWDLOKWP
 81(6&2  ŗ7UDQVIRUPLQJ2XU:RUOG7KH$JHQGDIRU6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWŘ
Retrieved from KWWSVVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWXQRUJSRVWWUDQVIRUPLQJRXUZRUOG

– 57 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

SDG 4.7:
Fostering Global Citizenship
%\
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'U<RNR0RFKL]XNL
3URJUDPPH6SHFLDOLVW(6'+HDGRI3ROLF\7HDP
81(6&20*,(3Abstract(GXFDWLRQIRUDOO ()$ LVDQHVVHQWLDOSUHUHTXLVLWHRIVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW,QDGGLWLRQWROLWHUDF\DQGQXPHUDF\HGXFDWLRQIRUWRGD\DQGWRPRUURZVKRXOGHTXLSOHDUQHUVZLWKKLJKHURUGHUWKLQNLQJVNLOOV +276 VXFKDVFULWLFDOWKLQNLQJDQGVRFLDODQGHPRWLRQDOVNLOOVWRHQJDJHFRQVWUXFWLYHO\ZLWKWKHXQFHUWDLQDQGUDSLGO\FKDQJLQJZRUOG,WLVQRWVXĴFLHQWIRUHGXFDWLRQWRPHUHO\DGDSWWRFKDQJLQJ
VRFLHWDOQHHGV,WQHHGVWREHWUDQVIRUPDWLYH9DOXHVEDVHGDQGDFWLRQRULHQWHGHGXFDWLRQLQFOXGLQJHGXFDWLRQIRUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW (6' *&('DQGRWKHUUHODWHGDUHDVDUHQRZHQFDSVXODWHG
LQ6'*7KLVDUWLFOHGLVFXVVHVKRZ6'*LVFULWLFDOLQDFKLHYLQJQRWRQO\6'*RQHGXFDWLRQ
EXWDOVRDFKLHYLQJWKHRWKHU6'*V

Introduction
7KH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG HQYLURQPHQWDO HFRQRPLF VRFLDO DQG SROLWLFDO FKDOOHQJHV IDFLQJ KXPDQLW\
FDOO IRU HGXFDWLRQ WKDW FXOWLYDWHV D VHQVH RI EHORQJLQJ WR FRPPRQ KXPDQLW\ DQG UHVSRQVLELOLW\ WR
WDNH DFWLRQ WR DGGUHVV WKHVH FKDOOHQJHV 7KH ŗ $JHQGD IRU 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQWŘ LV DQ
LQWHUJRYHUQPHQWDOFRPPLWPHQWDQGŗDSODQRIDFWLRQIRUSHRSOHSODQHWDQGSURVSHULW\ŘFRPSULVLQJ6'*V 81 (GXFDWLRQLVDUWLFXODWHGDVDVWDQGDORQHJRDO 6'*(QVXUHLQFOXVLYHDQG
HTXLWDEOHTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQDQGSURPRWHOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUDOO ZLWKVHYHQRXWFRPHWDUJHWVDQGWKUHHPHDQVRILPSOHPHQWDWLRQ VHH7DEOHVDQG 
Table 12: SDG 4 Targets
TargetDetail %\HQVXUHWKDWDOOJLUOVDQGER\VFRPSOHWHIUHHHTXLWDEOHDQGTXDOLW\SULPDU\DQG
VHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQOHDGLQJWRUHOHYDQWDQGHĳHFWLYHOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHV %\HQVXUHWKDWDOOJLUOVDQGER\VKDYHDFFHVVWRTXDOLW\HDUO\FKLOGKRRGGHYHORSPHQW
FDUHDQGSUHSULPDU\HGXFDWLRQVRWKDWWKH\DUHUHDG\IRUSULPDU\HGXFDWLRQ %\HQVXUHHTXDODFFHVVIRUDOOZRPHQDQGPHQWRDĳRUGDEOHDQGTXDOLW\WHFKQLFDOYRFDWLRQDODQGWHUWLDU\HGXFDWLRQLQFOXGLQJXQLYHUVLW\– 59 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1
Table 12: SDG 4 Targets
TargetDetail %\VXEVWDQWLDOO\LQFUHDVHWKHQXPEHURI\RXWKDQGDGXOWVZKRKDYHUHOHYDQWVNLOOVLQFOXGLQJWHFKQLFDODQGYRFDWLRQDOVNLOOVIRUHPSOR\PHQWGHFHQWMREVDQGHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS
 %\HOLPLQDWHJHQGHUGLVSDULWLHVLQHGXFDWLRQDQGHQVXUHHTXDODFFHVVWRDOOOHYHOVRIHGXFDWLRQDQGYRFDWLRQDOWUDLQLQJIRUWKHYXOQHUDEOHLQFOXGLQJSHUVRQVZLWKGLVDELOLWLHV 3:'V 
LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVDQGFKLOGUHQLQYXOQHUDEOHVLWXDWLRQV
 %\HQVXUHWKDWDOO\RXWKDQGDVXEVWDQWLDOSURSRUWLRQRIDGXOWVERWKPHQDQGZRPHQDFKLHYHOLWHUDF\DQGQXPHUDF\ %\HQVXUHWKDWDOOOHDUQHUVDFTXLUHWKHNQRZOHGJHDQGVNLOOVQHHGHGWRSURPRWH
VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQFOXGLQJDPRQJVWRWKHUVWKURXJK(6'DQGVXVWDLQDEOHOLIHVW\OHVKXPDQULJKWVJHQGHUHTXDOLW\SURPRWLRQRIDFXOWXUHRISHDFHDQGQRQYLROHQFHJOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSDQGDSSUHFLDWLRQRIFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLW\DQGRIFXOWXUHŖVFRQWULEXWLRQWRVXVWDLQDEOH
GHYHORSPHQWTable 13: SDG 4 Implementation Means
Implementation
Means

Detail$%XLOGDQGXSJUDGHHGXFDWLRQDOIDFLOLWLHVWKDWDUHFKLOGGLVDELOLW\DQGJHQGHUVHQVLWLYHDQGSURYLGHVDIHQRQYLROHQWLQFOXVLYHDQGHĳHFWLYHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWVIRUDOO%%\VXEVWDQWLDOO\H[SDQGJOREDOO\WKHQXPEHURIVFKRODUVKLSVDYDLODEOHWR
developing countries, in particular least-developed countries, small island developing
states, and African countries, for enrollment in higher education, including vocational
WUDLQLQJDQGLQIRUPDWLRQDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\ ,&7 WHFKQLFDOHQJLQHHULQJ
DQGVFLHQWLıFSURJUDPPHVLQGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHVDQGRWKHUGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV&%\VXEVWDQWLDOO\LQFUHDVHWKHVXSSO\RITXDOLıHGWHDFKHUVLQFOXGLQJWKURXJKLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQIRUWHDFKHUWUDLQLQJLQGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVHVSHFLDOO\OHDVWGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHVDQGVPDOOLVODQGGHYHORSLQJVWDWHV

EFA: A Prerequisite to Sustainable Development
7KHSULQFLSOHVXQGHUO\LQJ6'*DUHGHHSO\URRWHGLQWKHLQWULQVLFŠDVRSSRVHGWRLQVWUXPHQWDOŠYDOXHRIHGXFDWLRQDQGDKXPDQLVWLFYLVLRQRIHGXFDWLRQZKLFK81(6&2KDVFKDPSLRQHGVLQFH
LWVLQFHSWLRQ)LUVWRIDOOHGXFDWLRQLVDIXQGDPHQWDOKXPDQULJKW7KHVWDWHEHDUVDGXW\WRHQVXUH
XQLYHUVDODFFHVVWRLQFOXVLYHDQGHTXLWDEOHTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQ6HFRQGO\HGXFDWLRQLVDSXEOLFJRRG
DQGDVKDUHGVRFLHWDOHQGHDYRXU 81(6&2 1RWRQO\WKHJRYHUQPHQWVEXWDOVRFLYLOVRFLHW\WHDFKHUV DQG HGXFDWRUV WKH SULYDWH VHFWRU FRPPXQLWLHV IDPLOLHV \RXWK DQG FKLOGUHQ DOO KDYHLPSRUWDQWUROHVLQUHDOLVLQJWKHULJKWWRTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQ– 60 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1()$LVDQHVVHQWLDOSUHUHTXLVLWHIRUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW2QRQHKDQG6'*LVDERXWFRQWLQXLQJZLWKWKHXQıQLVKHGEXVLQHVVRI()$7DUJHWVWKURXJKIRFXVODUJHO\RQH[SDQGLQJDFFHVVWRHGXFDWLRQDQGHTXLSSLQJOHDUQHUVZLWKVNLOOVIRUHPSOR\DELOLW\2QWKHRWKHUKDQGZKLOHWKHVHDUH
QRGRXEWLPSRUWDQWJRDOVWKH\GRQRWUDLVHFULWLFDOTXHVWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHIXQGDPHQWDOSXUSRVHV
RIHGXFDWLRQ,QRWKHUZRUGVWKH\DLPDWHQDEOLQJOHDUQHUVWRDGDSWWRDQGVXFFHHGLQVRFLHW\DV
LWH[LVWVWRGD\ŠUDWKHUWKDQŗWUDQVIRUPLQJRXUZRUOGŘDVEHLQJFDOOHGIRUE\WKHŗ$JHQGDIRU
6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWŘ 81 

SDG 4.7: Education for Sustainable Development
and Global Citizenship,QDGGLWLRQWROLWHUDF\DQGQXPHUDF\HGXFDWLRQIRUWRGD\DQGWRPRUURZVKRXOGHTXLSOHDUQHUVZLWK+276 VXFK DV FULWLFDOWKLQNLQJ VNLOOV  DQG VRFLDO DQG HPRWLRQDO VNLOOV WR HQJDJH FRQVWUXFWLYHO\ZLWK WKH XQFHUWDLQ DQG UDSLGO\ FKDQJLQJ ZRUOG ,W LV QRW VXĴFLHQW LI HGXFDWLRQ LV PHUHO\ DGDSWLYH
WR WKH FKDQJLQJ VRFLHWDO QHHGV HGXFDWLRQ QHHGV WR EH WUDQVIRUPDWLYH 81(6&2   9DOXHVEDVHGDQGDFWLRQRULHQWHGHGXFDWLRQŠLQFOXGLQJ(6'*&('SHDFHDQGKXPDQULJKWVHGXFDWLRQHQYLURQPHQWDOHGXFDWLRQGHYHORSPHQWHGXFDWLRQJOREDOOHDUQLQJLQWHUFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQ(,8DQG
RWKHUVŠLVQRZHQFDSVXODWHGLQ6'*7DUJHW 6'* 
3URPRWLQJSHDFHDQGVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWWKURXJKHGXFDWLRQLVRQHRI81(6&2ŖVFRUHPLVVLRQV
DQGLVQRZHQVKULQHGLQ6'*DVRQHRIWKHJRDOVZKLFKQDWLRQVDURXQGWKHJOREHDVSLUHWRDFKLHYH7KHUHLVDQHHGWRHQVXUHHGXFDWLRQV\VWHPVKHOSEXLOGSHDFHIXODQGVXVWDLQDEOHVRFLHWLHV
7KLV LQFOXGHV HQVXULQJ WKDW HGXFDWLRQ V\VWHPV KHOS GHYHORS NQRZOHGJH DQG VNLOOV QHFHVVDU\ WR
IRVWHUPXWXDOXQGHUVWDQGLQJUHVSHFWDQGFDUHDPRQJVWDOOSHRSOHDQGIRUWKHSODQHWZHVKDUHDQG
WR HQJDJH UHVSRQVLEO\ DQG FUHDWLYHO\ ZLWK WKH FKDQJLQJ ZRUOG 7KLV LV FULWLFDO QRW RQO\ WR DFKLHYH
6'*EXWDOVRWRVXSSRUWWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIDOO6'*V(GXFDWLRQLQWKHŗ$JHQGDIRU
6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWŘ 81 LVQRWUHVWULFWHGWR6'*(GXFDWLRQLVVSHFLıFDOO\PHQWLRQHG
LQWDUJHWVRIWKHıYHJRDOVOLVWHGEHORZEXWDOVROLQNHGWRYLUWXDOO\DOORIWKHRWKHU6'*VLQRQHZD\
RUDQRWKHU
•Target 3.7: Health and well-being: %\HQVXUHXQLYHUVDODFFHVVWRVH[XDODQGUHSURGXFWLYHKHDOWKFDUHVHUYLFHVLQFOXGLQJIRUIDPLO\SODQQLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQDQGWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIUHSURGXFWLYHKHDOWKLQQDWLRQDOVWUDWHJLHVDQGSURJUDPPHV

•Target 5.6: Gender equality: 7KHQXPEHURIFRXQWULHVZLWKODZVDQGUHJXODWLRQVWKDWJXDUDQWHHZRPHQ DJHG ş KDYH DFFHVV WR VH[XDO DQG UHSURGXFWLYH KHDOWKFDUH LQIRUPDWLRQ DQGHGXFDWLRQ

•Target 8.6: Decent work and economic growth: %\VXEVWDQWLDOO\UHGXFHWKHSURSRUWLRQRI\RXWKQRWLQHPSOR\PHQWHGXFDWLRQRUWUDLQLQJ

•Target 12.8: Responsible consumption and production: %\HQVXUHWKDWSHRSOHHYHU\ZKHUH
KDYH WKH UHOHYDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG DZDUHQHVV IRU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW DQG OLIHVW\OHV LQ
KDUPRQ\ZLWKQDWXUH

– 61 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1•

Target 13.3: Climate change mitigation: ,PSURYH HGXFDWLRQ DZDUHQHVV UDLVLQJ DQG KXPDQ
DQGLQVWLWXWLRQDOFDSDFLW\RQFOLPDWHFKDQJHPLWLJDWLRQDGDSWDWLRQLPSDFWUHGXFWLRQDQGHDUO\ZDUQLQJ

Conclusion
Ways Forward$ZDUHQHVVDQGNQRZOHGJHDERXWVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLVQRWVXĴFLHQWWRIRVWHUFRPSHWHQFLHVUHTXLUHGIRUVKDSLQJPRUHSHDFHIXODQGVXVWDLQDEOHVRFLHWLHV7KHUHLVDQLQFUHDVLQJFRQVHQVXVRQ
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References
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– 62 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

 81(6&2  ŗ5HWKLQNLQJ(GXFDWLRQ7RZDUGVD&RPPRQ*OREDO*RRG"Ř5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSXQHVGRFXQHVFRRUJLPDJHVHSGI 81(6&2  ŗ8QSDFNLQJ6'*(GXFDWLRQ*XLGHŘ5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSXQHVGRF
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– 63 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Values Education and Global
Citizenship Towards Achieving theSDGs and Promoting Humanities%\'U$EL6XMDN&HQWUH'LUHFWRU0UV&DK\D.XVXPD5DWLK
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Abstract
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1$QH[DPSOHRIVXFKHĳRUWZDVWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKH7XUNX8QLYHUVLW\RI$SSOLHG6FLHQFHV 78$6 
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1:LWKDQDUHDRIPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVFRPSULVLQJDSSUR[LPDWHO\LVODQGV,QGRQHVLDLVWKHODUJHVWFRXQWU\LQ6RXWKHDVW$VLDDQGWKHODUJHVWDUFKLSHODJLFFRXQWU\LQWKHZRUOG,QGRQHVLDLVWKHIRXUWKPRVWSRSXORXVFRXQWU\DVZHOOZLWKPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQLQKDELWDQWV$VDQDUFKLSHODJR,QGRQHVLDKDVYDULRXVHWKQLFJURXSVZKRVSHDNRYHUGLĳHUHQWODQJXDJHVDQGRUGLDOHFWV7KLVJHRJUDSKLFDOFRQGLWLRQLVUHĲHFWHGLQWKHFRXQWU\ŖVPRWWRŠŗ8QLW\LQ'LYHUVLW\Ř'HVSLWHDSRSXODWLRQRIPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQ0XVOLPV,QGRQHVLDLVDOVRKRPHWR&DWKROLFV3URWHVWDQWV+LQGXV%XGGKLVWVDQG&RQIXFLDQLVWV
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– 67 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Conclusion+(,VKDYHDKXJHUROHWRSOD\LQSUHSDULQJIXWXUHSURIHVVLRQDOVIRUFKDOOHQJHV7KH\QHHGWRHTXLSVWXGHQWVQRWRQO\ZLWKWKHULJKWNQRZOHGJHDQGVNLOOVEXWDOVRWKHDELOLW\WRXVHDVVLPLODWHSURGXFHDQG WUDQVIRUP WKHLU OHDUQLQJV LQWR LQQRYDWLYH SURGXFWV RU VHUYLFHV 7KH\ QHHG WR KHOS VWXGHQWVVKDUSHQ WKHLU LQQRYDWLYHQHVV E\ HQKDQFLQJ WKHLU FULWLFDOWKLQNLQJ VNLOOV DQG FUHDWLYLW\ HQFRXUDJLQJWKHPWRWDNHPRUHLQLWLDWLYHIRVWHULQJWHDPZRUNDQGH[SDQGLQJWKHLUQHWZRUNV,QWKH,QGRQHVLDQ+(,VŖFDVHWHDFKHUVDQGVWXGHQWVQHHGWRRYHUFRPHFXOWXUDOFRQVWUDLQWVFUHDWHDQHQYLURQPHQWWKDWIRVWHUVVWXGHQWDXWRQRP\DQGLQYROYHLQGXVWULHVLQWKHLU5',DFWLYLWLHV7KH,QGRSHG3URMHFWPRWLYDWHG(XURSHDQDQG,QGRQHVLDQ+(,VWRZRUNWRJHWKHUWRDGDSWJRRG(XURSHDQSHGDJRJLFDODSSURDFKHVWRLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RIWKH,QGRQHVLDQKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQV\VWHP6HYHUDOUHVHDUFKHĳRUWVDQGRWKHUDFWLYLWLHVDUHFXUUHQWO\RQJRLQJWRIXUWKHUH[WHQGWKHSURMHFWŖVEHQHıWVLQ,QGRQHVLD
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

 <DQWKL 5 +XWDJDRO 7DWXP 6 $GLQLQJUXP 7UL $ %XGLRQR +DQGULFK .RQJGUR $KPDG 6
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– 74 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Fostering Global Citizenship in
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– 75 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1$PLGVWDQLQFUHDVLQJO\JOREDOLVHGDQGLQWHUFRQQHFWHGZRUOGLWLVLPSRUWDQWIRUSHRSOHWRQRWRQO\VHH
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Literature Review
Data Literacy to Support Global Citizenship'DWD OLWHUDF\ LV GHıQHG DV WKH DELOLW\ WR GHULYH PHDQLQJIXO LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP QXPEHUV LQFOXGLQJDFFHVVLQJDVVHVVLQJPDQLSXODWLQJVXPPDULVLQJDQGSUHVHQWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQ 6FKLHOG ,QWKHıHOGRIVWDWLVWLFVHGXFDWLRQGDWDOLWHUDF\PD\QRWEHDVZHOONQRZQDVVWDWLVWLFDOOLWHUDF\ŠWKHDELOLW\WRFULWLFDOO\GLJHVWVWDWLVWLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQLQGDLO\OLIHDQGXVHLWDVHYLGHQFHLQDUJXPHQWV 6FKLHOG 3HRSOH RIWHQ LQWHUFKDQJH GDWD OLWHUDF\ ZLWK VWDWLVWLFDO OLWHUDF\ ZKLFK LV XQGHUVWDQGDEOH EHFDXVH
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– 76 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1*&(' PHDQZKLOH KRSHV WR JLYH VWXGHQWV D EHWWHU VHQVH RI EHORQJLQJ WR D EURDGHU FRPPXQLW\DQGDFRPPRQKXPDQLW\ 81(6&2 $VRSSRVHGWRWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHQDWXUHSHRSOHRIWHQ
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Table 10: Core Conceptual Dimensions of GCED
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– 77 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Real-Life Data Sets in Meaningful Contexts
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1)LJXUH 5LJKW &RPSDULVRQRIWKHHOHFWULFLW\FRQVXPSWLRQLQ,QGRQHVLDDQG7KDLODQGOHIW FRPSDULVRQRIWKHFDUERQGLR[LGHHPLVVLRQOHYHOVLQWKHVDPHFRXQWULHV

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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Research Results and Findings
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– 82 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1$WWKHHQGRIWKHOHVVRQWKHVWXGHQWVFRQFOXGHGWKDWHOHFWULFLW\FRQVXPSWLRQZDVQRWSURSRUWLRQDOWRSRSXODWLRQEHFDXVHQRWHYHU\LQGLYLGXDOFRQVXPHGWKHVDPHDPRXQWRIHOHFWULFLW\'HYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV ZLWK PRUH VXFFHVVIXO LQGXVWULHV DQG EHWWHU DFFHVV WR WHFKQRORJ\ ZLOO FRQVXPH PRUH
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Conclusion'DWDOLWHUDF\LVFUXFLDOWRVXSSRUW*&('<HWYHU\OLWWOHHĳRUWKDVEHHQH[HUWHGWRLQFRUSRUDWH*&('
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XVLQJFURVVERUGHUFROODERUDWLRQ– 83 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1'DWDOLWHUDF\LVWKHDELOLW\WRGHULYHPHDQLQJIXOLQVLJKWVIURPGDWDLQFOXGLQJDFFHVVLQJDVVHVVLQJPDQLSXODWLQJVXPPDULVLQJDQGSUHVHQWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQ 6FKLHOG 6WXGHQWVQHHGWREHDEOH
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LQYHVWHGLQZRUNLQJRQDGDWDGULYHQSUREOHPWKDWFDQDĳHFWWKHLUOLYHV
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VFDQBWDEBFRQWHQWV

– 84 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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– 85 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

The Ability of High-SchoolStudents to Solve
STEM-Related Problems%\

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– 87 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Introduction
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 167(0HGXFDWLRQZLOOKRZHYHUEHFRPHPHDQLQJOHVVLIWKHıHOGVDUHVHSDUDWHO\UHLQIRUFHG+HQFHGHYHORSLQJ DQ HGXFDWLRQDO DSSURDFK WKDW DGGUHVVHV DOO IRXU FRPSRQHQWV RI 67(0 HGXFDWLRQ WR
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– 89 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Research Methodology
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1
Table 11: Person and Item Measurement Reliability
Reliability Measurement

Range

3RRU

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)DLU

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Good

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Research Results and Findings$OO RI WKH GDWD FROOHFWHG ZDV DQDO\VHG XVLQJ WKH 5DVFK PHDVXUHPHQW PRGHO VRIWZDUH :LQVWHSVYHUVLRQ  6WDWLVWLFV ZDV XVHG WR PHDVXUH WKH WHVWŖV UHOLDELOLW\ E\ DQDO\VLQJ WKH FRQVLVWHQF\
EHWZHHQLWHPV$KLJKHUYDOXHLQGLFDWHVDVWURQJUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQLWHPVLQWKHWHVWZKHUHDVDVPDOOYDOXHLQGLFDWHVDZHDNUHODWLRQVKLS)LJXUH2XWSXWGDWDIURPWKHLQVWUXPHQWŖVDQDO\VLV– 91 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1)LJXUHVKRZVWKHRXWSXWGDWDIURPWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHLQVWUXPHQWXVHGLQWKHVWXG\7KHSHUVRQŖV
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– 92 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1)LJXUH9DULDEOHPDS,Q)LJXUHWKHQXPEHUVLJQVDQGSHULRGVRQWKHOHIWUHSUHVHQWHGWKHVWXGHQWV(DFKQXPEHUVLJQUHSUHVHQWHGWKUHHVWXGHQWVZKLOHHDFKSHULRGVWRRGIRUşVWXGHQWV7KHYDULDEOHPDSDOVRNQRZQDV WKH ŗ:ULJKW 0DSŘ FRUUHODWHV VWXGHQWVŖ DELOLW\ SHUVRQ  ZLWK WKH OHYHO RI GLĴFXOW\ RI HDFK JLYHQ
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– 93 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1=HURUHIHUUHGWRDYHUDJHVWXGHQWDELOLW\ OHIW DQGWHVWGLĴFXOW\ ULJKW $VVKRZQWKHDYHUDJHIRUVWXGHQWDELOLW\ZDVORZHUWKDQWKDWIRUWHVWGLĴFXOW\LQGLFDWLQJWKDWWKHWHVWVZHUHRQDYHUDJHUHODWLYHO\GLĴFXOWIRUWKHVWXGHQWV0RVWRIWKHVWXGHQWV  ZHUHLQIDFWEHORZDYHUDJH7KHORJLWYDOXHVWKDWWKHLUDELOLW\WRVROYH67(0SUREOHPVZDVORZEHFDXVHWKH\ZHUHQRWDEOHWRFRUUHFWO\DQVZHUWKH
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– 94 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Conclusion
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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– 96 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Role of SEAMEO RECSAM in
Inclusive and STEM
Education Development
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Abstract
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– 97 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

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mathematics education•

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Role of SEAMEO RECSAM in Supporting andContributing to the Southeast Asian Community
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1•:HOOHTXLSSHGZLWKVWFHQWXU\VNLOOVDQGFRPSHWHQFLHV 2(&'

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Promoting Inclusive Education in Communities
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and improvement•

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Promoting STEM Education through STEM- and SDGs-Related Projects
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Table 12: SSYS Themes
Year

Theme

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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1
Table 12: SSYS Themes
Year

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2014

'LVDVWHU5LVN5HGXFWLRQ '55 IRU6XVWDLQDEOH
Development

2012%H\RQG*UHHQLQJWKH(QYLURQPHQWIRUD
6XVWDLQDEOH)XWXUH

2010

6XVWDLQDEOH6ROXWLRQVIRUWKH/RFDO&RPPXQLW\

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Table 13: Information on the Sixth and Seventh CoSMEds
Details

Sixth CoSMED 2015

Seventh CoSMED 2017

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Theme

Revitalising Science and
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Achieve the SDGs in the 21st
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Education for Special-Needs
Students

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

STEM Education Initiatives
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STEM Education Developments
6($0(25(&6$0DOVRHPEDUNHGRQWKHIROORZLQJWRSURPRWH67(0HGXFDWLRQLQWKHUHJLRQ– 102 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1•

Malaysia-UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) Needs Assessment Workshop (18–20
1HU\HY`  MVY :[YLUN[OLUPUN :;,4 *\YYPJ\SH MVY .PYSZ PU(MYPJH HUK(ZPH HUK [OL 7HJPÄJ(Phase 1) under the Malaysia-UNESCO Cooperation Programme (MUCP): This initiative intends to
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IRVWHUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW•Capacity Development Workshop (26–30 September 2016) for Strengthening STEM Curricula for.PYSZPU(MYPJHHUK(ZPHHUK[OL7HJPÄJ7OHZL\UKLY4<*7!7KLVSURMHFWVHHNVWRVWUHQJWKHQ
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.HQ\DŠDQG$VLDDQGWKH3DFLıFŠ&DPERGLDDQG,QGRQHVLDŠPDLQO\WKURXJKVKDULQJ0DOD\VLDQH[SHUWLVHDQGH[SHULHQFHVZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHLQFOXVLRQRIZRPHQLQ67(0ıHOGV•Workshop on enhancing STEM learning in secondary-level mathematics and science classrooms
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the Teacher Education Division of MoE, Malaysia and conducted by specialists from SEAMEORECSAM: 7KLV SULPDULO\ DLPV WR SURYLGH WHDFKHUV ZLWK WKH QHFHVVDU\ NQRZOHGJH DQG VNLOOV LQ
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teachers and educators and lecturers of teacher education institutions (TEIs): This aims to
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from the U.S. (28 October 2016): 7KLVZDVFRQGXFWHGDW6($0(25(&6$0E\'U0DUJDUHW
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•Workshop on Fostering Imagination and Critical Thinking in the Engineering Design Process: A
Challenge to STEM Education (6–8 February 2018) by Dr. Tairo Nomura, Director, STEM Education
Research Centre and Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, Saitama University, Japan: ThisZDVFRQGXFWHGLQFROODERUDWLRQZLWK0(;7-DSDQDQGWKH6($0(26HFUHWDULDW•3URPRWLRQ RI 67(0 HGXFDWLRQ WKURXJK FRPSHWLWLRQV VXFK DV WKH 3HQDQJ 6FLHQFH 2O\PSLDG $XJXVW DQGWKH67(06WXG\&RQWHVW 6HSWHPEHU ZKLFKDLPWR~ 'HYHORS FRQıGHQFH LQ XVLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ WR HQKDQFH VWXGHQWVŖ SUREOHPVROYLQJ VNLOOVLPDJLQDWLRQDQGFULWLFDOWKLQNLQJLQ67(0OHVVRQV~ 'HYHORSVNLOOVUHTXLUHGLQWKHHQJLQHHULQJGHVLJQSURFHVVDQGPRGHODQGSURGXFWGHYHORSPHQWWKURXJKSUDFWLFDOZRUNDQGKDQGVRQDFWLYLWLHV~ 3URYLGHDSODWIRUPIRUSURMHFWDQGSUREOHPEDVHGOHDUQLQJXVLQJ67(0DSSURDFKHVWRVROYH
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1~ 5DLVHDZDUHQHVVRQWKHUHOHYDQFHRIFODVVURRPOHDUQLQJLQ67(0ıHOGVDQGVNLOOVQHHGHGLQ
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experiences amongst students and teachers

Why STEM Education?
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SOD\WKHLUUHVSHFWLYHUROHVLQVFKRROVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQV

– 104 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Conclusion
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WKHHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWDQGZHOOEHLQJRIWKHVRFLHW\DWODUJH

References $6($1  ŗ)DFW6KHHWRQWKH$6($1&RPPXQLW\Ř5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSDVHDQRUJVWRUDJHD0D\)DFWVKHHWRQ$6($1&RPPXQLW\SGI .DWHULQD $QDQLDGRX DQG 0DJGDOHDQ &ODUR  'HFHPEHU   ŗVW&HQWXU\ 6NLOOV DQG&RPSHWHQFLHVIRU1HZ0LOOHQQLXP/HDUQHUVLQ2(&'&RXQWULHVŘ5HWULHYHGIURPKWWSZZZRHFG
RUJRĴFLDOGRFXPHQWVSXEOLFGLVSOD\GRFXPHQWSGI"FRWH HGXZNS   GRFODQJXDJH HQ 1DWLRQDO $FDGHP\ RI 6FLHQFHV 1DWLRQDO $FDGHP\ RI (QJLQHHULQJ ,QVWLWXWH RI 0HGLFLQH&RPPLWWHH RQ 6FLHQFH (QJLQHHULQJ DQG 3XEOLF 3ROLF\ DQG &RPPLWWHH RQ 3URVSHULQJ LQ WKH*OREDO(FRQRP\RIWKHVW&HQWXU\$Q$JHQGDIRU$PHULFDQ6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\  
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)XWXUHŘ1DWLRQDO$FDGHPLF3UHVV 81   ŗ6'*VŘ 5HWULHYHG
VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWJRDOVIURP

KWWSVVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWXQRUJWRSLFV 81(6&2  ŗ81'HFDGHRI(GXFDWLRQIRU6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW '(6' ş
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GHFDGHHGXFDWLRQVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWGHVGJODQFH

– 105 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Lifelong Learning and GCED:The Perfect Combination for
Future Global Citizens
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H[SORUHWKHZRUOGEXWDOVRDNQRZOHGJHULFKPLQGDQGFRQVXPPDWHVNLOOVDORQJZLWKWKHZLOOLQJQHVVWROHDUQOLIHORQJDVZHDOOHQFRXQWHUQHZLVVXHVLQWKHHYHUFKDQJLQJZRUOG,QWKLVUHJDUGOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJZLOOSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQHTXLSSLQJIXWXUHLQWHUQDWLRQDOUHVLGHQWVZLWKWKHQHFHVVDU\VNLOOVDQGNQRZOHGJH7KLVDUWLFOHDLPVWRSUHVHQWDQRYHUYLHZRI*&('DQGOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJDQGWKHLUUROHVLQWRGD\ŖVZRUOGDQGKRZWKH\FDQEHFRPELQHGWRPDNHHYHU\SHUVRQDWUXO\JOREDOFLWL]HQIntroduction$OWKRXJKWKHFRQFHSWRIJOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSKDVEHHQH[LVWHQWIRUVHYHUDOPLOOHQQLDLWKDVRQO\QRZ
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SUHVXPDEO\H[SUHVVLQJVROLGDULW\DQGKDYLQJDFROOHFWLYHLGHQWLW\DQGVHQVHRIUHVSRQVLELOLW\DWWKH
JOREDO OHYHO *OREDO FLWL]HQVKLS FDQ EH VHHQ DV D PHWDSKRU UDWKHU WKDQ D IRUPDO PHPEHUVKLS $V
D SV\FKRVRFLDO IUDPHZRUN IRU FROOHFWLYHQHVV JOREDO FLWL]HQVKLS FDQ DQG LV H[SHFWHG WR JHQHUDWHDFWLRQVDQGHQJDJHPHQWDPRQJVWDQGIRULWVPHPEHUVWKURXJKFLYLFDFWLRQVLQWKHSXEOLFGRPDLQWRSURPRWHDEHWWHUZRUOGDQGIXWXUH$QGLWLVQHFHVVDULO\EDVHGRQDQGUHVSHFWVWKHXQLYHUVDOYDOXHVRIKXPDQULJKWVGHPRFUDF\MXVWLFHQRQGLVFULPLQDWLRQGLYHUVLW\DQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\DPRQJVWRWKHUV– 107 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1*OREDOFLWL]HQVKLSLVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWRGD\ŖVPRUHRSHQDQGERUGHUOHVVZRUOG'UDPDWLFDGYDQFHVLQ,&7DOORZSHRSOHWRFRQQHFWDQGLQWHUDFWZLWKRQHDQRWKHUIURPDQ\ZKHUH
DQGDWDQ\WLPH7KLVKDVFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHLQWHQVLıHGSHUFHSWLRQDQGUHDOLW\RIEHLQJLQWHUFRQQHFWHG
DQG OLYLQJ EH\RQG ORFDO SHULPHWHUV HYHQ LI LW RQO\ KDSSHQV YLUWXDOO\ 3HRSOH KDYH DOVR EHFRPH
PRUH LQWHUGHSHQGHQW 3DUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ VXEUHJLRQDO UHJLRQDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO JRYHUQDQFH ERGLHV
and structures in all sectors, including private enterprises and social organisations, has created
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GHYHORSPHQWDOVRNQRZQDVWKHPLVVLRQVRI*&('– 108 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1)LJXUH2YHUYLHZRI*&(' DGDSWHGIURP81(6&2

– 109 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

GCED*&(' LV UHFRJQLVHG LQ PDQ\ FRXQWULHV DV D VWUDWHJ\ WR KHOS FKLOGUHQ DQG WKH \RXWK SURVSHU LQ
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“The world faces global challenges, which require global solutions. These
interconnected global challenges call for far-reaching changes in how we[OPUR HUK HJ[ MVY [OL KPNUP[` VM MLSSV^ O\THU ILPUNZ¯ ,K\JH[PVU T\Z[ IL
transformative and bring shared values to life. It must cultivate an active care
MVY[OL^VYSKHUKMVY[OVZL^P[O^OVT^LZOHYLP[¯;LJOUVSVNPJHSZVS\[PVUZWVSP[PJHSYLN\SH[PVUZVYÄUHUJPHSPUZ[Y\TLU[ZHSVULJHUUV[HJOPL]LZ\Z[HPUHISLdevelopment. It requires transforming the way people think and act. Educationmust fully assume its central role in helping people to forge more just, peaceful,tolerant, and inclusive societies. It must give people the understanding, skills,
and values they need to cooperate in resolving the interconnected challengesof the 21st century.

”,QWKHUROHRI*&('ZDVVSHFLıHGLQWDUJHWRIWKH6'*V

“

By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed topromote sustainable development, including, amongst others, through ESD
and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, the promotion ofa culture of peace and nonviolence, global citizenship, and appreciation ofcultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development.

”:LWKLQ81(6&2WKHŗ,QFKHRQ'HFODUDWLRQIRU(GXFDWLRQŘVWDWHVWKDW“The knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes required by citizens to leadproductive lives, make informed decisions, and assume active roles locally andglobally in facing and resolving global challenges can be acquired through ESD
and GCED, which includes peace and human rights education as well as intercultural education and EIU.

”

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7RROVŘWRVSHFLıFDOO\GHıQHZKDWLVUHTXLUHGWRWXUQ\RXQJSHRSOHLQWRŗFLWL]HQVRIWKHZRUOGŘLQFOXGLQJFRPSHWHQFLHVDQGOHDUQLQJREMHFWLYHV VHH)LJXUHVş – 110 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1)LJXUH&RJQLWLYH*&('REMHFWLYHV DGDSWHGIURP&HQWUHIRU8QLYHUVDO(GXFDWLRQDW%URRNLQJV

)LJXUH6RFLRHPRWLRQDO*&('REMHFWLYHV DGDSWHGIURP&HQWUHIRU8QLYHUVDO(GXFDWLRQDW%URRNLQJV

– 111 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1)LJXUH%HKDYLRXUDO*&('REMHFWLYHV DGDSWHGIURP&HQWUHIRU8QLYHUVDO(GXFDWLRQDW%URRNLQJV

Lifelong Learning/LIHORQJOHDUQLQJLQLWVVLPSOHVWIRUPUHIHUVWROHDUQLQJOLIHORQJRUOHDUQLQJŗIURPFUDGOHWRJUDYHŘ7KLVSXWVHPSKDVLVRQWKHGXUDWLRQDQGFRQWLQXLW\RIWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVVLQDQLQGLYLGXDOŖVOLIHDVZHOODVWKHLGHDWKDWOHDUQLQJFDQRFFXUEH\RQGWKHIRUPDOVWUXFWXUHZLWKLQDQHGXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQ$V
GHıQHGE\81(6&2LQOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJUHIHUVWRŗDOOOHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHVXQGHUWDNHQWKURXJKRXW
OLIH ZLWK WKH DLP RI LPSURYLQJ NQRZOHGJH VNLOOV DQGRU TXDOLıFDWLRQV IRU SHUVRQDO VRFLDO DQGRU
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3URPRWLQJVHOIHĴFDF\– 112 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1•

Giving one a sense of purpose in life•

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Enhancing civic and social engagement or civic competence•

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“formal and informal approaches, curricular and extracurricular interventions, and conventional and
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important element that can provide opportunities for sustained engagement across the curriculum
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– 113 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1,QVXP*&('DQGOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJDUHFORVHO\UHODWHGDQGPXWXDOO\FRPSOHPHQWDU\7KHLUVXFFHVVIXOFRPELQDWLRQLVH[SHFWHGWRSOD\DFHQWUDOUROHLQEXLOGLQJWKHFDSDFLW\RIPRGHUQKXPDQVWRPHHWWKH
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References
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

How SEAMEO CHAT Adds Value to
Education and Helps Foster
Global Citizenship
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Abstract
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JOREDOFLWL]HQVKLS+LVWRU\LVDEUDQFKRIVWXG\WKDWGHDOVZLWKKXPDQEHLQJVŠWKHLUEHKDYLRXUJURZWKDQGGHYHORSPHQWUHODWLRQVKLSV UHVRXUFHV DQG WKH YDULRXV LQVWLWXWLRQV WKH\ UHTXLUH WR IXQFWLRQ DQG FDUU\ RQ OLYLQJVPRRWKO\ )DPLOLHV VFKRROV ZRUNSODFHV JRYHUQPHQWV DQG UHFUHDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV DUH DVSHFWV RI
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events that occurred in the past, and enduring ideas and eminent personalities that had an impact
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Introduction(GXFDWLRQLVGHıQHGDVWKHSURFHVVRIIDFLOLWDWLQJOHDUQLQJRUWKHDFTXLVLWLRQRINQRZOHGJHVNLOOVYDOXHVEHOLHIVDQGKDELWV,WUHIHUVWRKHOSLQJSHRSOHWROHDUQKRZWRGRWKLQJVDQGHQFRXUDJLQJWKHPWRWKLQN,WSURYLGHVLQGLYLGXDOVDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRLPSURYHWKHLUOLYHVEHFRPHVXFFHVVIXOPHPEHUVRIWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHVDQGDFWLYHO\FRQWULEXWHWRQDWLRQDOVRFLRHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQW,WLVWUDGLWLRQDOO\YDOXHGDVDNH\GHWHUPLQDQWRIVRFLDOPRELOLW\What Is Global Citizenship?
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WKDWZHFDQDOOPDNHDGLĳHUHQFH

What Is History?
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SURFHVVWKHQEHFRPHKLVWRU\LQDQHZJHQHUDODQGLQFUHDVLQJO\DEVWUDFWVHQVH0RUHRYHULQYLHZRIWKHSUHYDLOLQJQHZVWUHVVRQWKHZRUNLQJVRIKLVWRU\DVKXPDQVHOIGHYHORSPHQWKLVWRU\LQPDQ\
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Does History Add Value to Education andHelp Foster Global Citizenship?
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VHHODFNRILQWHUHVWLQKLVWRU\DQGRWKHUDUWUHODWHGVXEMHFWV– 116 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1(GXFDWLRQIRUJOREDOFLWL]HQVKLSVKRXOGQRWEHWDXJKWDVDQDGGLWLRQDOVXEMHFW,QVWHDGLWVKRXOGEHWUHDWHGDVDIUDPHZRUNIRUOHDUQLQJUHDFKLQJEH\RQGVFKRROWRHQFRPSDVVWKHZLGHUFRPPXQLW\,W FDQ EH SURPRWHG LQ FODVV WKURXJK WKH H[LVWLQJ FXUULFXOXP RU QHZ LQLWLDWLYHV DQG DFWLYLWLHV ,WV
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SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1,7WRROVDQGGHYLFHVKDYHEHFRPHXELTXLWRXVSDUWVRIRXUOLYHVHVSHFLDOO\IRUWKH\RXQJJHQHUDWLRQ
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– 118 –

SEAMEO Journal • 2019 • Volume 1

Conclusion
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