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1
Reading Test
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After readingeach passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table orgraph).

This passage is adapted from Daniyal Mueenuddin,“Nawabdin Electrician.” ©2009 by Daniyal Mueenuddin.

Another man might have thrown up hishands—but not Nawabdin. His twelve daughters
acted as a spur to his genius, and he looked withLine satisfaction in the mirror each morning at the face of
5 a warrior going out to do battle. Nawab of course
knew that he must proliferate his sources ofrevenue—the salary he received from K. K. Harouni
for tending the tube wells would not even begin to
suffice. He set up a little one-room flour mill, run off
10 a condemned electric motor—condemned by him.
He tried his hand at fish-farming in a little pond at
the edge of his master’s fields. He bought broken
radios, fixed them, and resold them. He did notdemur even when asked to fix watches, though that15 enterprise did spectacularly badly, and in fact earned
him more kicks than kudos, for no watch he took
apart ever kept time again.
K. K. Harouni rarely went to his farms, but lived
mostly in Lahore. Whenever the old man visited,
20 Nawab would place himself night and day at the door
leading from the servants’ sitting area into the walled
grove of ancient banyan trees where the oldfarmhouse stood. Grizzled, his peculiar aviator

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Questions 1-10 are based on the following
passage.

2

glasses bent and smudged, Nawab tended the
25 household machinery, the air conditioners, water

heaters, refrigerators, and water pumps, like anengineer tending the boilers on a foundering steamer
in an Atlantic gale. By his superhuman efforts healmost managed to maintain K. K. Harouni in the
30 same mechanical cocoon, cooled and bathed andlighted and fed, that the landowner enjoyed in
Lahore.
Harouni of course became familiar with thisubiquitous man, who not only accompanied him on
35 his tours of inspection, but morning and night could
be found standing on the master bed rewiring thelight fixture or in the bathroom poking at the water
heater. Finally, one evening at teatime, gauging thepsychological moment, Nawab asked if he might say
40 a word. The landowner, who was cheerfully filing his
nails in front of a crackling rosewood fire, told him
to go ahead.
“Sir, as you know, your lands stretch from here to
the Indus, and on these lands are fully seventeen tube
45 wells, and to tend these seventeen tube wells there isbut one man, me, your servant. In your service I haveearned these gray hairs”—here he bowed his head toshow the gray—“and now I cannot fulfill my duties
as I should. Enough, sir, enough. I beg you, forgive
50 me my weakness. Better a darkened house and proud
hunger within than disgrace in the light of day.
Release me, I ask you, I beg you.”
The old man, well accustomed to these sorts ofspeeches, though not usually this florid, filed away at
55 his nails and waited for the breeze to stop.
“What’s the matter, Nawabdin?”

CO NTI N U E

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“Matter, sir? O what could be the matter in yourservice. I’ve eaten your salt for all my years. But sir,on the bicycle now, with my old legs, and with the
60 many injuries I’ve received when heavy machinery
fell on me—I cannot any longer bicycle about like abridegroom from farm to farm, as I could when I
first had the good fortune to enter your employment.
I beg you, sir, let me go.”65
“And what’s the solution?” asked Harouni, seeingthat they had come to the crux. He didn’t particularlycare one way or the other, except that it touched on
his comfort—a matter of great interest to him.
“Well, sir, if I had a motorcycle, then I could
70 somehow limp along, at least until I train up someyounger man.”
The crops that year had been good, Harouni felt
expansive in front of the fire, and so, much to the
disgust of the farm managers, Nawab received a
75 brand-new motorcycle, a Honda 70. He evenmanaged to extract an allowance for gasoline.
The motorcycle increased his status, gave him
weight, so that people began calling him “Uncle,” andasking his opinion on world affairs, about which he
80 knew absolutely nothing. He could now range
further, doing a much wider business. Best of all,now he could spend every night with his wife, who
had begged to live not on the farm but near her
family in Firoza, where also they could educate at
85 least the two eldest daughters. A long straight roadran from the canal headworks near Firoza all the way
to the Indus, through the heart of the K. K. Harouni
lands. Nawab would fly down this road on his newmachine, with bags and cloths hanging from every
90 knob and brace, so that the bike, when he hit a bump,seemed to be flapping numerous small vestigial
wings; and with his grinning face, as he rolled up towhichever tube well needed servicing, with his ears
almost blown off, he shone with the speed of his
95 arrival.

1

3

1
The main purpose of the first paragraph is toA) characterize Nawab as a loving father.
B) outline the schedule of a typical day inNawab’s life.
C) describe Nawab’s various moneymaking
ventures.
D) contrast Nawab’s and Harouni’s lifestyles.

2
As used in line 16, “kicks” most nearly meansA) thrills.
B) complaints.
C) jolts.
D) interests.

3
The author uses the image of an engineer at sea(lines 23-28) most likely toA) suggest that Nawab often dreams of having amore exciting profession.
B) highlight the fact that Nawab’s primary job is totend to Harouni’s tube wells.
C) reinforce the idea that Nawab has had manydifferent occupations in his life.
D) emphasize how demanding Nawab’s work forHarouni is.

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1Which choice best supports the claim that Nawab
performs his duties for Harouni well?
A) Lines 28-32 (“By his . . . Lahore”)B) Lines 40-42 (“The landowner . . . ahead”)C) Lines 46-49 (“In your . . . should”)
D) Line 58 (“I’ve . . . years”)

5
In the context of the conversation between Nawaband Harouni, Nawab’s comments in lines 43-52(“Sir . . . beg you”) mainly serve toA) flatter Harouni by mentioning how vast his
lands are.
B) boast to Harouni about how competent andreliable Nawab is.
C) emphasize Nawab’s diligence and loyalty toHarouni.
D) notify Harouni that Nawab intends to quit his
job tending the tube wells.

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4

6
Nawab uses the word “bridegroom” (line 62) mainly
to emphasize that he’s no longerA) in love.
B) naive.
C) busy.
D) young.

7
It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that
Harouni provides Nawab with a motorcycle mainly
becauseA) Harouni appreciates that Nawab has to work
hard to support his family.
B) Harouni sees benefit to himself from giving
Nawab a motorcycle.
C) Nawab’s speech is the most eloquent that
Harouni has ever heard.
D) Nawab threatens to quit if Harouni doesn’t agree
to give him a motorcycle.

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1Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 65-66 (“And . . . crux”)B) Lines 66-68 (“He didn’t . . . him”)C) Lines 75-76 (“He even . . . gasoline”)
D) Lines 80-81 (“He could . . . business”)

9
The passage states that the farm managers react toNawab receiving a motorcycle withA) disgust.
B) happiness.
C) envy.
D) indifference.

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5

10
According to the passage, what does Nawab consider
to be the best result of getting the motorcycle?
A) People start calling him “Uncle.”
B) He’s able to expand his business.
C) He’s able to educate his daughters.
D) He can spend more time with his wife.

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1The news is a form of public knowledge.
Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as thehealth of one’s friends and family; the conduct of aLine private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge
5 increases in value as it is shared by more people. The
date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;
the causes and consequences of an environmental
disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular
law; the latest reports from a war zone—these are all
10 examples of public knowledge that people are
generally expected to know in order to be consideredinformed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or
private knowledge, which is generally left toindividuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is
15 promoted even to those who might not think itmatters to them. In short, the circulation of publicknowledge, including the news, is generally regarded
as a public good which cannot be solely
demand-driven.
20
The production, circulation, and receptionof public knowledge is a complex process. It is
generally accepted that public knowledge should
be authoritative, but there is not alwayscommon agreement about what the public needs to25 know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, andhow authoritative reputations should be determinedand evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The
Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely
regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative
30 agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied
the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of
authority as the “power over, or title to influence, theopinions of others.” As part of the general process ofthe transformation of authority whereby there has
35 been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditionalsources of public knowledge, the demand has been
for all authority to make explicit the frames of value
which determine their decisions. Centres of news
production, as our focus groups show, have not been
40 exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps
some news journalists feel uneasy about thisrenegotiation of their authority:............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Questions 11-21 are based on the following
passage and supplementary material.

1

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6This passage is adapted from Stephen Coleman, Scott
Anthony, and David E. Morrison, “Public Trust in the News.”©2009 by Stephen Coleman.

45

50

Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the“most read” lists on their own and other websites
to work out which stories matter to readers andviewers. And now the audience—which used toknow its place—is being asked to act as a kind ofjournalistic ombudsman, ruling on ourcredibility (broadcast journalist, 2008).
The result of democratising access to TV news
could be political disengagement by the majority
and a dumbing down through a popularity
contest of stories (online news editor, 2007).
Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,

55 they amount to more than straightforward

professional defensiveness. In their reference to an
audience “which used to know its place” andconflation between democratisation and “dumbing
down,” they are seeking to argue for a particular
60 mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped byexperts, immune from populist pressures; anddisseminated to attentive, but mainly passive
recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down
opportunities for popular involvement in the making
65 of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional
claims of experts. The journalists quoted above areright to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every
institutional level in contemporary society,scepticism towards the epistemological authority of
70 expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressedby several of our focus group participants, that thenews media should be “informative rather thanauthoritative”; the job of journalists should be to“give the news as raw as it is, without putting their
75 slant on it”; and people should be given “sufficient
information” from which “we would be able to form
opinions of our own.”
At stake here are two distinct conceptions ofauthority. The journalists we have quoted are
80 resistant to the democratisation of news:
the supremacy of the clickstream (according towhich editors raise or lower the profile of stories
according to the number of readers clicking on them
online); the parity of popular culture with “serious”
85 news; the demands of some audience members for
raw news rather than constructed narratives.

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1

1Percentage of Respondents Seeing News Stories
as Inaccurate or Favoring One Side1985 1992 2003 2007 2011
News organizations...
Get the facts
straight

55

49

36

39

25

Often haveinaccurate
stories

34

44

56

53

66

Don’t know

11

7

8

8

9

Are pretty
independent

37

35

23

23

15

Are often
influenced
by powerfulpeople andorganizations

53

58

70

69

80

Don’t know

10

7

7

8

5

On political and social issues, news organizations...
Deal fairly
with all sides

34

31

26

26

16

Tend to favor
one side

53

63

66

66

77

Don’t know

13

6

8

8

7

Adapted from “Pew Research Center for the People & the Press Report on
Views of the News Media, 1985–2011.” ©2011 by Pew Research Center.

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1
The main purpose of the passage is toA) analyze the technological developments thathave affected the production, circulation, andreception of news stories.
B) discuss changes in the perception of the news
media as a source of public knowledge.
C) show how journalists’ frames of value influence
the production of news stories.
D) challenge the conventional view that news is aform of public knowledge.

12
According to the passage, which expectation do
traditional authorities now face?
A) They should be uninfluenced by commercial
considerations.
B) They should be committed to bringing about
positive social change.
C) They should be respectful of the difference
between public and private knowledge.
D) They should be transparent about their beliefs
and assumptions.

13
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 2-5 (“Unlike . . . people”)B) Lines 20-21 (“The production . . . process”)C) Lines 33-38 (“As part . . . decisions”)
D) Lines 43-46 (“Editors . . . viewers”)

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11

1

8

14
As used in line 24, “common” most nearly meansA) numerous.
B) familiar.
C) widespread.
D) ordinary.

15
The authors most likely include the extended
quotations in lines 43-53 toA) present contradictory examples.
B) cite representative opinions.
C) criticize typical viewpoints.
D) suggest viable alternatives.

16
The authors indicate that the public is coming tobelieve that journalists’ reports should avoidA) personal judgments about the events reported.
B) more information than is absolutely necessary.
C) quotations from authorities on the subject
matter.
D) details that the subjects of news reports wish to
keep private.

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1Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 12-16 (“Thus . . . them”)B) Lines 30-33 (“They . . . others”)C) Lines 40-42 (“Not surprisingly . . . authority”)
D) Lines 70-77 (“There . . . own”)

18
As used in line 74, “raw” most nearly meansA) unfiltered.
B) exposed.
C) harsh.
D) inexperienced.

19
Based on the table, in which year were people themost trusting of the news media?
A) 1985
B) 1992
C) 2003D) 2011

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9

20
Which statement is best supported by information
presented in the table?
A) Between 1985 and 2011, the proportion of
inaccurate news stories rose dramatically.
B) Between 1992 and 2003, the proportion ofpeople who believed that news organizations
were biased almost doubled.
C) Between 2003 and 2007, people’s views of theaccuracy, independence, and fairness of news
organizations changed very little.
D) Between 2007 and 2011, people’s perception thatnews organizations are accurate increased, butpeople’s perception that news organizations arefair diminished.

21
The 2011 data in the table best serve as evidence ofA) “political disengagement by the majority”(line 51).
B) “the professional claims of experts” (lines 65-66).
C) “scepticism towards the epistemologicalauthority of expert elites” (lines 69-70).
D) “the supremacy of the clickstream” (line 81).

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1This passage is adapted from Elsa Youngsteadt, “Decoding a
Flower’s Message.” ©2012 by Sigma Xi, The Scientific
Research Society.

Texas gourd vines unfurl their large, flared
blossoms in the dim hours before sunrise. Until theyclose at noon, their yellow petals and mild, squashy
Line aroma attract bees that gather nectar and shuttle
5 pollen from flower to flower. But “when you
advertise [to pollinators], you advertise in an
open communication network,” says chemical
ecologist Ian Baldwin of the Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Ecology in Germany. “You attract not just10 the good guys, but you also attract the bad guys.” Fora Texas gourd plant, striped cucumber beetles areamong the very bad guys. They chew up pollen andpetals, defecate in the flowers and transmit thedreaded bacterial wilt disease, an infection that can
15 reduce an entire plant to a heap of collapsed tissue inmere days.
In one recent study, Nina Theis and Lynn Adler
took on the specific problem of the Texas
gourd—how to attract enough pollinators but not
20 too many beetles. The Texas gourd vine’s main
pollinators are honey bees and specialized squash
bees, which respond to its floral scent. The aroma
includes 10 compounds, but the mostabundant—and the only one that lures squash bees
25 into traps—is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene.
Intuition suggests that more of that aroma shouldbe even more appealing to bees. “We have thisassumption that a really fragrant flower is going to
attract a lot of pollinators,” says Theis, a chemical
30 ecologist at Elms College in Chicopee,
Massachusetts. But, she adds, that idea hasn’t reallybeen tested—and extra scent could well call in more
beetles, too. To find out, she and Adler planted
168 Texas gourd vines in an Iowa field and,35 throughout the August flowering season, made half
the plants more fragrant by tucking
dimethoxybenzene-treated swabs deep inside theirflowers. Each treated flower emitted about 45 times
more fragrance than a normal one; the other half of
40 the plants got swabs without fragrance.

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Questions 22-32 are based on the following
passage.

1

10

The researchers also wanted to know whether
extra beetles would impose a double cost by bothdamaging flowers and deterring bees, which might
not bother to visit (and pollinate) a flower laden with
45 other insects and their feces. So every half hour
throughout the experiments, the team plucked all thebeetles off of half the fragrance-enhanced flowers andhalf the control flowers, allowing bees to respond tothe blossoms with and without interference by
50 beetles.
Finally, they pollinated by hand half of the female
flowers in each of the four combinations of fragrance
and beetles. Hand-pollinated flowers should develop
into fruits with the maximum number of seeds,
55 providing a benchmark to see whether the
fragrance-related activities of bees and beetles
resulted in reduced pollination.
“It was very labor intensive,” says Theis.
“We would be out there at four in the morning, three
60 in the morning, to try and set up before these flowers
open.” As soon as they did, the team spent the next
several hours walking from flower to flower,
observing each for two-minute intervals “and writing
down everything we saw.”
65
What they saw was double the normal number ofbeetles on fragrance-enhanced blossoms.
Pollinators, to their surprise, did not prefer thehighly scented flowers. Squash bees were indifferent,and honey bees visited enhanced flowers less often
70 than normal ones. Theis thinks the bees wererepelled not by the fragrance itself, but by theabundance of beetles: The data showed that the more
beetles on a flower, the less likely a honey bee was tovisit it.
75
That added up to less reproduction forfragrance-enhanced flowers. Gourds that developed
from those blossoms weighed 9 percent less and had,on average, 20 fewer seeds than those from normal
flowers. Hand pollination didn’t rescue the seed set,
80 indicating that beetles damaged flowers directly—regardless of whether they also repelled
pollinators. (Hand pollination did rescue fruit
weight, a hard-to-interpret result that suggests thatlost bee visits did somehow harm fruit development.)

CO NTI N U E

1

22
The primary purpose of the passage is toA) discuss the assumptions and reasoning behind atheory.
B) describe the aim, method, and results of anexperiment.
C) present and analyze conflicting data about aphenomenon.
D) show the innovative nature of a procedure used
in a study.

23
As presented in the passage, Theis and Adler’s
research primarily relied on which type of evidence?
A) Direct observation
B) Historical data
C) Expert testimonyD) Random sampling

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The new results provide a reason that Texas gourd
plants never evolved to produce a stronger scent: “Ifyou really ramp up the odor, you don’t get morepollinators, but you can really get ripped apart byyour enemies,” says Rob Raguso, a chemical ecologist
90 at Cornell University who was not involved in the
Texas gourd study.
85

1

11

24
Which statement about striped cucumber beetles canmost reasonably be inferred from the passage?
A) They feed primarily on Texas gourd plants.
B) They are less attracted to dimethoxybenzene
than honey bees are.
C) They experience only minor negative effects as aresult of carrying bacterial wilt disease.
D) They are attracted to the same compound in
Texas gourd scent that squash bees are.

25
The author indicates that it seems initially plausiblethat Texas gourd plants could attract morepollinators if theyA) did not have aromatic flowers.
B) targeted insects other than bees.
C) increased their floral scent.
D) emitted more varied fragrant compounds.

CO NTI N U E

1As used in line 38, “treated” most nearly meansA) altered.
B) restored.
C) provided.
D) preserved.

27
What did Theis and Adler do as part of their study
that most directly allowed Theis to reason that “beeswere repelled not by the fragrance itself”(lines 70-71)?
A) They observed the behavior of bees and beetles
both before and after the flowers opened in themorning.
B) They increased the presence of
1,4-dimethoxybenzene only during the August
flowering season.
C) They compared the gourds that developed fromnaturally pollinated flowers to the gourds thatdeveloped from hand-pollinated flowers.
D) They gave bees a chance to choose between
beetle-free enhanced flowers and beetle-freenormal flowers.

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26

1

12

28
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 45-50 (“So every . . . beetles”)
B) Lines 51-53 (“Finally . . . beetles”)C) Lines 59-61 (“We would . . . open”)
D) Lines 76-79 (“Gourds . . . flowers”)

29
The primary function of the seventh and eighth
paragraphs (lines 65-84) is toA) summarize Theis and Adler’s findings.
B) describe Theis and Adler’s hypotheses.
C) illustrate Theis and Adler’s methods.
D) explain Theis and Adler’s reasoning.

CO NTI N U E

1In describing squash bees as “indifferent” (line 68),
the author most likely means that theyA) could not distinguish enhanced flowers fromnormal flowers.
B) visited enhanced flowers and normal flowers at
an equal rate.
C) largely preferred normal flowers to enhanced
flowers.
D) were as likely to visit beetle-infested enhanced
flowers as to visit beetle-free enhanced flowers.

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30

1

13

31
According to the passage, Theis and Adler’s researchoffers an answer to which of the following questions?
A) How can Texas gourd plants increase thenumber of visits they receive from pollinators?
B) Why is there an upper limit on the intensity of
the aroma emitted by Texas gourd plants?
C) Why does hand pollination rescue the fruit
weight of beetle-infested Texas gourd plants?
D) Why do Texas gourd plants stop producing
fragrance attractive to pollinators when beetles
are present?

32
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 17-20 (“In one . . . beetles”)
B) Lines 22-25 (“The aroma . . .
1,4-dimethoxybenzene”)C) Lines 79-84 (“Hand . . . development”)
D) Lines 85-86 (“The new . . . scent”)

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1Passage 1 is adapted from Abraham Lincoln, “Address to theYoung Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois.” Originallydelivered in 1838. Passage 2 is from Henry David Thoreau,“Resistance to Civil Government.” Originally publishedin 1849.

Passage 1

Let every American, every lover of liberty, every
well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the
Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,Line the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their
5 violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did
to the support of the Declaration of Independence, soto the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every
American pledge his life, his property, and his sacredhonor;—let every man remember that to violate the
10 law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and totear the character of his own, and his children’s
liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed byevery American mother, to the lisping babe, thatprattles on her lap—let it be taught in schools, in
15 seminaries, and in colleges;—let it be written in
Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;—let it bepreached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative
halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,
let it become the political religion of the nation;
20 and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,
the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, andcolors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its
altars. . . .
When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of
25 all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there
are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,for the redress of which, no legal provisions havebeen made. I mean to say no such thing. But I domean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,
30 should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they
continue in force, for the sake of example, theyshould be religiously observed. So also in unprovided
cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be
made for them with the least possible delay; but, till
35 then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with.

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Questions 33-42 are based on the following
passages.

1

14

There is no grievance that is a fit object of redressby mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,
the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two
positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right
40 within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of
all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, andtherefore proper to be prohibited by legal
enactments; and in neither case, is the interpositionof mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable.
Passage 2

Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey
them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey
them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgressthem at once? Men generally, under such agovernment as this, think that they ought to wait
50 until they have persuaded the majority to alter them.
They think that, if they should resist, the remedy
would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of thegovernment itself that the remedy is worse than theevil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to
55 anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it notcherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist
before it is hurt? . . .
If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of
the machine of government, let it go, let it go;
60 perchance it will wear smooth—certainly themachine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, ora pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy
will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a
65 nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice
to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life bea counter friction to stop the machine. What I haveto do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself tothe wrong which I condemn.
70
As for adopting the ways which the State has
provided for remedying the evil, I know not of suchways. They take too much time, and a man’s life will
be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into
this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to
75 live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has
not everything to do, but something; and because hecannot do everything, it is not necessary that heshould do something wrong. . . .
45

CO NTI N U E

1withdraw their support, both in person and property,
from the government . . . and not wait till they
constitute a majority of one, before they suffer theright to prevail through them. I think that it is
85 enough if they have God on their side, without
waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more
right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one
already.

33
In Passage 1, Lincoln contends that breaking the law
has which consequence?
A) It slows the repeal of bad laws.
B) It undermines and repudiates the nation’s values.
C) It leads slowly but inexorably to rule by the mob.
D) It creates divisions between social groups.

34
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 9-12 (“let every man . . . liberty”)B) Lines 20-23 (“and let . . . altars”)
C) Lines 33-35 (“If such . . . borne with”)
D) Lines 36-37 (“There . . . law”)

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I do not hesitate to say, that those who call
80 themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually

1

15

35
As used in line 24, “urge” most nearly meansA) hasten.
B) stimulate.
C) require.
D) advocate.

36
The sentence in lines 24-28 (“When . . . made”)
primarily serves which function in Passage 1?
A) It raises and refutes a potential counterargument
to Lincoln’s argument.
B) It identifies and concedes a crucial shortcomingof Lincoln’s argument.
C) It acknowledges and substantiates a central
assumption of Lincoln’s argument.
D) It anticipates and corrects a possible
misinterpretation of Lincoln’s argument.

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1As used in line 32, “observed” most nearly meansA) followed.
B) scrutinized.
C) contemplated.
D) noticed.

38
In Passage 2, Thoreau indicates that some unjust
aspects of government areA) superficial and can be fixed easily.
B) subtle and must be studied carefully.
C) self-correcting and may be beneficial.
D) inevitable and should be endured.

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37

1

16

39
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 45-48 (“Unjust . . . once”)B) Lines 51-52 (“They . . . evil”)C) Lines 58-59 (“If the injustice . . . go”)D) Lines 75-78 (“A man . . . wrong”)

CO NTI N U E

1The primary purpose of each passage is toA) make an argument about the difference between
legal duties and moral imperatives.
B) discuss how laws ought to be enacted andchanged in a democracy.
C) advance a view regarding whether individuals
should follow all of the country’s laws.
D) articulate standards by which laws can beevaluated as just or unjust.

41
Based on the passages, Lincoln would most likely
describe the behavior that Thoreau recommends inlines 64-66 (“if it . . . law”) as
A) an excusable reaction to an intolerable situation.
B) a rejection of the country’s proper forms ofremedy.
C) an honorable response to an unjust law.
D) a misapplication of a core principle of theConstitution.

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40

1

17

42
Based on the passages, one commonality in the
stances Lincoln and Thoreau take towardabolitionism is thatA) both authors see the cause as warranting drastic
action.
B) both authors view the cause as central to theirargument.
C) neither author expects the cause to win
widespread acceptance.
D) neither author embraces the cause as his own.

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1This passage is adapted from Kevin Bullis, “What Tech Is
Next for the Solar Industry?” ©2013 by MIT Technology
Review.

Solar panel installations continue to grow quickly,
but the solar panel manufacturing industry is in thedoldrums because supply far exceeds demand. The
Line poor market may be slowing innovation, but
5 advances continue; judging by the mood this week at
the IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference inTampa, Florida, people in the industry remain
optimistic about its long-term prospects.
The technology that’s surprised almost everyone
10 is conventional crystalline silicon. A few years ago,silicon solar panels cost $4 per watt, andMartin Green, professor at the University of
New South Wales and one of the leading silicon solar
panel researchers, declared that they’d never go
15 below $1 a watt. “Now it’s down to something like
50 cents a watt, and there’s talk of hitting 36 cents perwatt,” he says.
The U.S. Department of Energy has set a goal ofreaching less than $1 a watt—not just for the solar
20 panels, but for complete, installed systems—by 2020.
Green thinks the solar industry will hit that target
even sooner than that. If so, that would bring thedirect cost of solar power to six cents perkilowatt-hour, which is cheaper than the average cost
25 expected for power from new natural gas power
plants.
All parts of the silicon solar panel industry havebeen looking for ways to cut costs and improve thepower output of solar panels, and that’s led to steady
30 cost reductions. Green points to something as
mundane as the pastes used to screen-print some of
the features on solar panels. Green’s lab built a solar
cell in the 1990s that set a record efficiency for siliconsolar cells—a record that stands to this day. To
35 achieve that record, he had to use expensive
lithography techniques to make fine wires forcollecting current from the solar cell. But gradualimprovements have made it possible to use screen
printing to produce ever-finer lines. Recent research
40 suggests that screen-printing techniques can producelines as thin as 30 micrometers—about the width ofthe lines Green used for his record solar cells, but atcosts far lower than his lithography techniques.

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Questions 43-52 are based on the following
passage and supplementary material.

1

18

Meanwhile, researchers at the National Renewable
45 Energy Laboratory have made flexible solar cells on a

new type of glass from Corning called Willow Glass,which is thin and can be rolled up. The type of solar
cell they made is the only current challenger tosilicon in terms of large-scale production—thin-film
50 cadmium telluride. Flexible solar cells could lower
the cost of installing solar cells, making solar power
cheaper.
One of Green’s former students and colleagues,
Jianhua Zhao, cofounder of solar panel manufacturer
55 China Sunergy, announced this week that he isbuilding a pilot manufacturing line for a two-sided
solar cell that can absorb light from both the front
and back. The basic idea, which isn’t new, is thatduring some parts of the day, sunlight falls on the
60 land between rows of solar panels in a solar power
plant. That light reflects onto the back of the panels
and could be harvested to increase the power output.
This works particularly well when the solar panels
are built on sand, which is highly reflective. Where a
65 one-sided solar panel might generate 340 watts, atwo-sided one might generate up to 400 watts. He
expects the panels to generate 10 to 20 percent more
electricity over the course of a year.
Even longer-term, Green is betting on silicon,
70 aiming to take advantage of the huge reductions incost already seen with the technology. He hopes togreatly increase the efficiency of silicon solar panels
by combining silicon with one or two othersemiconductors, each selected to efficiently convert a
75 part of the solar spectrum that silicon doesn’t convert
efficiently. Adding one semiconductor could boost
efficiencies from the 20 to 25 percent range toaround 40 percent. Adding another could makeefficiencies as high as 50 percent feasible, which
80 would cut in half the number of solar panels needed
for a given installation. The challenge is to produce
good connections between these semiconductors,
something made challenging by the arrangement ofsilicon atoms in crystalline silicon.

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1

1
Figure 1

Projected Energy Cost
per Megawatt-Hour in 2017
natural gas
wind (onshore)
conventional coalgeothermal
advanced nuclear
solar (photovoltaic)
solar (thermal)
$0

50
100
150
200
250
Average levelized cost for plants
entering service in 2017

Adapted from Peter Schwartz, “Abundant Natural Gas and Oil Are
Putting the Kibosh on Clean Energy.” ©2012 by Condé Nast.

Figure 2

Solar Photovoltaic Cost per Megawatt-Hour (MWh)(Projected beyond 2009. All data in 2009 dollars.)

30
20

25
20

20
20

15
20

10

2009 US average electricity
cost: $120 / MWh

20

20

05

$410
360
310
260
210
160
110
60
10

Adapted from Ramez Naam, “Smaller, Cheaper, Faster: Does
Moore’s Law Apply to Solar Cells?” ©2011 by Scientific American.

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19

CO NTI N U E

1The passage is written from the point of view of aA) consumer evaluating a variety of options.
B) scientist comparing competing researchmethods.
C) journalist enumerating changes in a field.
D) hobbyist explaining the capabilities of newtechnology.

44
As used in line 4, “poor” most nearly meansA) weak.
B) humble.
C) pitiable.
D) obsolete.

45
It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage
that many people in the solar panel industry believe
thatA) consumers don’t understand how solar panels
work.
B) two-sided cells have weaknesses that have not yet
been discovered.
C) the cost of solar panels is too high and theirpower output too low.
D) Willow Glass is too inefficient to be marketable.

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43

1

20

46
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 1-3 (“Solar . . . demand”)
B) Lines 10-15 (“A few . . . a watt”)
C) Lines 22-26 (“If so . . . plants”)
D) Lines 27-30 (“All . . . reductions”)

47
According to the passage, two-sided solar panels will
likely raise efficiency byA) requiring little energy to operate.
B) absorbing reflected light.
C) being reasonably inexpensive to manufacture.
D) preventing light from reaching the ground.

48
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 58-61 (“The basic . . . plant”)B) Lines 61-62 (“That . . . output”)C) Lines 63-64 (“This . . . reflective”)
D) Lines 64-66 (“Where . . . 400 watts”)

CO NTI N U E

1As used in line 69, “betting on” most nearly meansA) dabbling in.
B) gambling with.
C) switching from.
D) optimistic about.

50
The last sentence of the passage mainly serves toA) express concern about the limitations of amaterial.
B) identify a hurdle that must be overcome.
C) make a prediction about the effective use ofcertain devices.
D) introduce a potential new area of study.

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

49

1
51
According to figure 1, in 2017, the cost of which of
the following fuels is projected to be closest to the2009 US average electricity cost shown in figure 2?
A) Natural gas
B) Wind (onshore)C) Conventional coalD) Advanced nuclear

52
According to figure 2, in what year is the average costof solar photovoltaic power projected to be equal to
the 2009 US average electricity cost?
A) 2018
B) 2020
C) 2025
D) 2027

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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21

2

2
Writing and Language Test
35 M I NU TES, 4 4 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, youwill consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors insentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revisingand editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to theconventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of thepassage as it is.

more damaging pollution.

...................................................................................................................................

Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.

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22

A Necessary Resource for Science
In the winter of 1968, scientists David Schindler and
Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into
Lake 1 227, this is one of the 58 freshwater bodies thatcompose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes
Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating thewater not out of malice but in the name of research.
While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake
may seem 2 destructive and irresponsible, this methodof experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to
influence policy and save the environment from even

1A) NO CHANGE
B) 227. Which is oneC) 227. One
D) 227, one

2A) NO CHANGE
B) destructive, and irresponsible this method
C) destructive and, irresponsible, this methodD) destructive and irresponsible this method,

CO NTI N U E

2causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae, or
cyanobacteria, that had been affecting bodies of watersuch as Lake Erie. 3 In addition to being unsightly andodorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion.
Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes.
Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates andphosphates, the water in Lake 227 turned bright
4 green. It was thick with: the same type of algal
blooms that had plagued Lake Erie.

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Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible

2

23

3
Which choice most effectively combines theunderlined sentences?
A) In addition to being unsightly and odorous,
these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion: theresult being that it kills fish and other wildlife in
the lakes.
B) In addition to being unsightly and odorous,
these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion; thealgal blooms cause oxygen depletion that kills
fish and other wildlife in the lakes.
C) In addition to being unsightly and odorous,
these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion, andoxygen depletion caused by the algal blooms kills
fish and other wildlife in the lakes.
D) In addition to being unsightly and odorous,
these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion,
which kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes.

4A) NO CHANGE
B) green: it was thick withC) green. It was thick with—D) green, it was thick with

CO NTI N U E

2to conduct research that helps people better understandthreats to the environment. The scientists divided thelake in half by placing a nylon barrier through thenarrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of
Lake 226, they added phosphates, nitrates, and a sourceof carbon; in the other, they added just nitrates 6 and asource of carbon was added. Schindler and Brunskill
hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for thegrowth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed theirsuspicions when the half of the lake containing thephosphates 7 was teeming with blue-green algae.

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5 One mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is

2

24

5
Which choice provides the best transition from theprevious paragraph to this one?
A) NO CHANGE
B) The Experimental Lakes Area is located ina sparsely inhabited region that experiences few
effects of human and industrial activity.
C) To isolate the cause of the algae, Schindler andBrunskill performed another experiment, thistime using Lake 226.
D) The process by which water becomes enrichedby dissolved nutrients, such as phosphates, iscalled eutrophication.

6A) NO CHANGE
B) and a source of carbon.
C) plus also a source of carbon.
D) but also adding a source of carbon.

7A) NO CHANGE
B) were teemingC) are teemingD) teems

CO NTI N U E

2
off by the journal Science. The research demonstrated aclear correlation between introducing phosphates and thegrowth of blue-green algae. 9 For example, legislators
in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry
detergents, which had been entering the water supply. 10

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Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 shown

2

25

8
A) NO CHANGE
B) put in the spotlight ofC) published inD) put into

9A) NO CHANGE
B) Similarly,
C) However,D) Subsequently,

10
At this point, the writer wants to add a second policy
outcome of the research described. Which choicebest accomplishes this goal?
A) Lake 226 continued to develop blooms of
blue-green algae for eight consecutive years after
the experiment took place.
B) In the United States, many individual states havealso adopted legislation to eliminate, or at least
reduce, phosphorous content in laundry
detergents.
C) In 1974, Schindler initiated a study of the effectsof acid rain, using Lake 223 to examine how
sulfuric acid altered aquatic ecosystems.
D) Aerial photos of the lakes taken before andduring algal blooms helped convey the effectsof phosphates in water to the public.

CO NTI N U E

2the unintended consequences of using certain householdproducts. 11 Of course, regulating the use of certain
chemical compounds can be a controversial issue.
Selectively establishing remote study locations, such as
the Experimental Lakes Area, can provide scientists with
opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This
research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade
policy makers to take action in favor of protecting thelarger environment.

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Experiments like these can help people understand

2

26

11
Which choice most effectively anticipates andaddresses a relevant counterargument to theargument in favor of the types of experiments
described in the passage?
A) NO CHANGE
B) Many companies now offer phosphate-freealternatives for household cleaning products.
C) Obviously, scientists should not be allowed torandomly perform experiments on just any bodyof water.
D) Phosphates are sometimes used in agricultural
fertilizers, in addition to being used in cleaningproducts.

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2
A Little to the Left, but Not Too Much!
Italy’s Tower of Pisa has been leaning southward
since the initial 12 stages of it’s construction over
800 years ago. 13 Indeed, if the tower’s construction had
not taken two centuries and involved significant breaks
due to war and civil unrest, which allowed the groundbeneath the tower to settle, the tower would likely havecollapsed before it was completed.

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Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage.

2

27

12
A) NO CHANGE
B) stage’s of its’C) stage’s of it’sD) stages of its

13A) NO CHANGE
B) Therefore,C) Nevertheless,D) However,

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2Italian 14 icon, it attracts visitors from all over who flock
to Pisa to see one of the greatest architectural
15 weirdnesses in the world. 16 By the late twentiethcentury, the angle of the tower’s tilt had reached anastonishing 5.5 degrees; in 17 1990, Italy’s government
closed the tower to visitors and appointed a committee tofind a way to save it.

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Luckily, the tower survived, and its tilt has made it an

2

28

14
A) NO CHANGE
B) icon, attractingC) icon, its attractingD) icon; attracting

15A) NO CHANGE
B) deviations
C) oddities
D) abnormalities

16
At this point, the writer is considering adding thefollowing sentence.
Unfortunately, the tower’s tilt has steadily
increased over the centuries, placing thestructure in danger of collapse.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it provides an importantrestatement of the main claim in the previous
sentence.
B) Yes, because it establishes an important shift inemphasis in the paragraph’s discussion about the
tower’s tilt.
C) No, because it interrupts the paragraph’s
discussion with irrelevant information.
D) No, because it repeats information that is alreadypresented in the first paragraph.

17A) NO CHANGE
B) 1990, Italy’s government, closedC) 1990 Italy’s government, closed,D) 1990: Italy’s government closed

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2without ruining its aesthetic, 18 which no one had yet
managed to achieve. The committee’s first attempt toreduce the angle of the tower’s tilt—placing 600 tons ofiron ingots (molded pieces of metal) on the tower’s northside to create a counterweight—was derided because thebulky weights ruined the tower’s appearance. The
attempt at a less visible solution—sinking anchors into
the ground below the tower—almost caused the tower tofall.

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The committee was charged with saving the tower

2

29

18
Which choice best supports the main point of theparagraph?
A) NO CHANGE
B) although not everyone on the committee agreed
completely about what that aesthetic was.
C) which meant somehow preserving the tower’s tilt
while preventing that tilt from increasing andtoppling the tower.
D) which included the pristine white marble finish
that has come to be widely associated with thetower’s beauty.

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2
a geotechnical engineer from England who saved
London’s clock tower Big Ben from collapse. [2] Burland
began a years-long process of drilling out small amounts
of soil from under the tower 20 that took several years tocomplete and then monitoring the tower’s resulting
movement. [3] Twice daily, Burland evaluated these
movements and made recommendations as to how muchsoil should be removed in the next drilling. [4] By 2001,
almost 77 tons of soil had been removed, and the tower’s
tilt had decreased by over 1.5 degrees; the ugly ironweights were removed, and the tower was reopened tovisitors. [5] Burland 21 advocated using soil extraction:
removing small amounts of soil from under the tower’s
north side, opposite its tilt, to enable gravity to straighten
the tower. 22
The tower’s tilt has not increased since, and thecommittee is confident that the tower will be safe foranother 200 years. Burland is now working on a morepermanent solution for keeping the tower upright, but heis adamant that the tower never be completely
straightened. In an interview with PBS’s Nova, Burland
explained that it is very important “that we don’t reallychange the character of the monument. That would bequite wrong and quite inappropriate.”

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[1] Enter committee member John Burland, 19 he is

2

30

19
A) NO CHANGE
B) Burland isC) his beingD) DELETE the underlined portion.

20A) NO CHANGE
B) —taking several years to complete—C) that took him several years to completeD) DELETE the underlined portion.

21A) NO CHANGE
B) advocated to useC) advocated the using ofD) advocating to use

22
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5
should beA) placed after sentence 1.
B) placed after sentence 2.
C) placed after sentence 3.
D) DELETED from the paragraph.

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2The Physician Assistant Will See You Now
23 The term “paramedics” refers to health care
workers who provide routine and clinical services. While
the pressures of an aging population, insurance reforms,
and health epidemics have increased demand for care, thesupply of physicians is not expected to 24 keep pace.
The Association of American Medical Colleges predicts ashortage of over 90,000 physicians by 2020; by 2025, that
number could climb to more than 130,000. In some partsof the country, shortages are already a sad fact of life. A
2009 report by the Bureau of Health Professions notesthat although a fifth of the US population lives in rural
areas, less than a tenth of US physicians serves that
population. Because a traditionalist response to thecrisis— 25 amping up medical-college enrollments andexpanding physician training programs—is too slow andcostly to address the near-term problem, alternatives arebeing explored. One promising avenue has been greater
reliance on physician assistants (PAs).

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Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage
and supplementary material.

2

31

23
Which choice is the best introduction to theparagraph?
A) NO CHANGE
B) For many Americans, finding a physician is
likely to become a growing challenge.
C) Getting treatment for an illness usually requires
seeing either a general practitioner or a
specialist.
D) Worldwide the costs of health care are increasingat an alarming rate.

24A) NO CHANGE
B) maintain the tempo.
C) get in line.
D) move along.

25A) NO CHANGE
B) bolsteringC) arousingD) revving up

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2
perform many of the jobs traditionally done by doctors,
including treating chronic and acute conditions,performing minor 28 surgeries: and prescribing somemedications. However, although well 29 compensatedearning in 2012 a median annual salary of $90,930, PAs
cost health care providers less than do the physicians who

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26 By virtue of 27 there medical training, PAs can

2

32

26
At this point, the writer is considering adding thefollowing sentence.
Several factors argue in favor of such an
expanded role.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it introduces a counterargument forbalance.
B) Yes, because it frames the points that theparagraph will examine.
C) No, because it does not specify the education
required to be a PA.
D) No, because it presents information that is only
tangential to the main argument.

27A) NO CHANGE
B) they’reC) theirD) his or her

28A) NO CHANGE
B) surgeries; andC) surgeries, and,D) surgeries, and

29A) NO CHANGE
B) compensated (earning in 2012 a median annual
salary of $90,930),
C) compensated, earning in 2012 a median annual
salary of $90,930
D) compensated: earning in 2012 a median annual
salary of $90,930,

CO NTI N U E

2training period for PAs is markedly shorter than
30 those for physicians—two to three years versus theseven to eleven required for physicians.
Physician assistants already offer vital primary carein many locations. Some 90,000 PAs were employednationwide in 2012. Over and above their value inpartially compensating for the general physician shortage
has been their extraordinary contribution to rural healthcare. A recent review of the scholarly literature by
Texas researchers found that PAs lend cost-efficient,widely appreciated services in underserved areas.
31 In addition, rural-based PAs often provide a broader
spectrum of such services than do their urban andsuburban counterparts, possibly as a consequence of thelimited pool of rural-based physicians.

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might otherwise undertake these tasks. Moreover, the

2

33

30
A) NO CHANGE
B) that compared withC) that forD) DELETE the underlined portion.

31A) NO CHANGE
B) Thus,C) Despite this,D) On the other hand,

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22practitioners have become a critical complement tophysicians. A 2013 RAND Corporation report estimatesthat while the number of primary care physicians will
increase slowly from 2010 to 2025, the number ofphysician assistants and nurse-practitioners in primarycare will grow at much faster rates. 32 Both by merit andfrom necessity, PAs are likely to greet more 33 patience
than ever before.
Supply of Physicians, Physician Assistants,
and Nurse-Practitioners in Primary Care
Clinical Practice in 2010 and 2025
Provider typePhysicians
Physicianassistants
Nursepractitioners
Total

2010
Percent
Numberof total
210,000
712025 (predicted)
Percent
Numberof total
216,000
60

30,00010

42,00012

56,00019

103,000

28

296,000

100

361,000

100

Adapted from David I. Auerbach et al., “Nurse-Managed Health Centers
and Patient-Centered Medical Homes Could Mitigate Expected Primary
Care Physician Shortage.” ©2013 by Project HOPE: The People-to-People
Health Foundation, Inc.

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Increasingly, PAs and other such medical

34

32
At this point, the writer is considering adding thefollowing sentence.
In fact, according to the data presented in thetable, physician assistants will likely outnumber
physicians by 2025.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it provides additional support forthe main point of the paragraph.
B) Yes, because it addresses a possible
counterargument to the writer’s main claim.
C) No, because it is not an accurate interpretationof the data.
D) No, because it introduces irrelevant informationthat interrupts the flow of the passage.

33A) NO CHANGE
B) patience, thanC) patients thenD) patients than

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2Gold into Silver: The “Reverse Alchemy” of Superhero
Comics History
34 Popular film franchises are often “rebooted” inan effort to make their characters and stories fresh andrelevant for new audiences. Superhero comic books are
periodically reworked to try to increase their appeal tocontemporary readers. This practice is almost as
35 elderly as the medium itself and has in large part
established the “ages” that compose comic book history.
The shift from the Golden to the Silver Age is probably
the most successful 36 example: of publishers
responding to changing times and tastes.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage.

2

35

34
Which choice most effectively combines theunderlined sentences?
A) In an effort to make their characters and stories
fresh and relevant for new audiences, popular
film franchises, which are often “rebooted,” aresimilar to superhero comic books, which areperiodically reworked to try to increase theirappeal to contemporary readers.
B) Just as popular film franchises are often“rebooted” in an effort to make their charactersand stories fresh and relevant for new audiences,superhero comic books are periodicallyreworked to try to increase their appeal tocontemporary readers.
C) Superhero comic books are periodicallyreworked to try to increase their appeal tocontemporary readers, while popular film
franchises are often “rebooted” in an effort tomake their characters and stories fresh andrelevant for new audiences.
D) Superhero comic books are much like popular
film franchises in being often “rebooted” in aneffort to make their characters and stories freshand relevant for new audiences and periodicallyreworked to try to increase their appeal tocontemporary readers.

35A) NO CHANGE
B) oldC) matureD) geriatric

36A) NO CHANGE
B) example, of publishersC) example of publishers,D) example of publishers

CO NTI N U E

2often dated to 1938 with the debut of Superman in Action
Comics #1. Besides beginning the age, Superman in many
respects defined it, becoming the model on which many
later superheroes were based. His characterization, asestablished in Superman #1 (1939), was relatively simple.
He could “hurdle skyscrapers” and “leap an eighth of amile”; “run faster than a streamline train”; withstandanything less than a “bursting shell”; and 37 lift a carover his head. Sent to Earth from the “doomed planet”
Krypton, he was raised by human foster parents, whose
love helped infuse him with an unapologetic desire to“benefit mankind.” Admirable but aloof, the Golden Age
Superman was arguably more paragon than character, aproblem only partially solved by giving him a humanalter ego. Other Golden Age superheroes were similarly
archetypal: Batman was a crime-fighting millionaire,
Wonder Woman a warrior princess from a mythicalisland.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The start of the first (“Golden”) age of comic books is

2

36

37
Which choice is most consistent with the previous
examples in the sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) hold down a regular job as a newspaper reporter.
C) wear a bright blue costume with a flowing
red cape.
D) live in the big city of Metropolis instead of thesmall town where he grew up.

CO NTI N U E

2marked by characters that, though somewhat simplistic
by today’s standards, 38 were provided with origin
stories often involving scientific experiments gone wrong.
In addition to super villains, the new, soon-to-be-iconic
characters of the 39 age: Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four,and the Hulk among them—had to cope with mundane,
real-life problems, including paying the rent, dealing withfamily squabbles, and facing anger, loneliness, andostracism. Their interior lives were richer and theirmotivations more complex. Although sales remained
strong for Golden Age stalwarts Superman and, to alesser extent, Batman, 40 subsequent decades would
show the enduring appeal of these characters.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

By contrast, the second (“Silver”) age of comics was

2

37

38
Which choice most effectively sets up the main ideaof the following two sentences?
A) NO CHANGE
B) reflected the increasing conservatism of theUnited States in the 1950s.
C) engaged in bizarre adventures frequently
inspired by science fiction.
D) were more “realistic” than their Golden Age
counterparts.

39A) NO CHANGE
B) age;C) age,D) age—40
The writer wants a conclusion to the sentence andparagraph that logically completes the discussion of
the Silver Age and provides an effective transition
into the next paragraph. Which choice best
accomplishes these goals?
A) NO CHANGE
B) the distinctions between later stages of comicbook history are less well defined than the one
between the Golden and Silver Ages.
C) readers increasingly gravitated to the upstarts as
the 1960s and the Silver Age drew to a close.
D) these characters themselves underwent
significant changes over the course of theSilver Age.

CO NTI N U E

22

medium as the Silver Age gave way to the Bronze andModern (and possibly Postmodern) Ages. Such efforts
41 have yielded diminishing returns, as even thecomplete relaunch of DC 42 Comics’ superhero’s, line in2011 has failed to arrest the steep two-decade decline ofcomic book sales. For both commercial and, arguably,
creative reasons, 43 then, no transition was more
successful than 44 those from the Golden to Silver Age.

...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

More transformations would take place in the41A) NO CHANGE
B) would have yieldedC) were yieldingD) will yield

42A) NO CHANGE
B) Comic’s superhero’sC) Comics superhero’sD) Comics’ superhero

43A) NO CHANGE
B) however,C) nevertheless,D) yet,44A) NO CHANGE
B) theseC) thatD) DELETE the underlined portion.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

38

No Test Material On This Page

33Math Test – No Calculator
25 M I NU TES, 2 0 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer tothe directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x forwhich f(x) is a real number.



r

w

A = pr 2
C = 2prb
1
A = bh2

A = w

h



h

r

w

V = whac 2 = a2 + b 2

r

h

2x

c

b

4
V = pr 3
3

x

s 45°

s√2

30°
45°
s
x√3
Special Right Triangleshhr

V = pr 2h60°

1
V = pr 2h3

V = 1 wh3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

40w

CO NTI N U E

3Salim wants to purchase tickets from a vendor towatch a tennis match. The vendor charges a
one-time service fee for processing the purchase of
the tickets. The equation T = 15n + 12 represents
the total amount T, in dollars, Salim will pay forn tickets. What does 12 represent in the equation?
A) The price of one ticket, in dollars
B) The amount of the service fee, in dollars
C) The total amount, in dollars, Salim will pay for
one ticketD) The total amount, in dollars, Salim will pay for
any number of tickets

2
A gardener buys two kinds of fertilizer. Fertilizer A
contains 60% filler materials by weight andFertilizer B contains 40% filler materials by weight.
Together, the fertilizers bought by the gardenercontain a total of 240 pounds of filler materials.
Which equation models this relationship, where x is
the number of pounds of Fertilizer A and y is thenumber of pounds of Fertilizer B?
A) 0.4x + 0.6y = 240
B) 0.6x + 0.4y = 240
C) 40x + 60y = 240
D) 60x + 40y = 240

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1

3

41

3
What is the sum of the complex numbers 2 + 3i and4 + 8i , where i = −1 ?
A) 17
B) 17iC) 6 + 11i
D) 8 + 24i

4

4x 2 − 9 = (px + t )(px − t )In the equation above, p and t are constants.
Which of the following could be the value of p ?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 9

CO NTI N U E

3

3

5
Which of the following is the graph of the equation y = 2x − 5 in thexy-plane?
A)

B)

y

y
5

5

–5

O

5

x

–5

D)

y

x

y

5

–5

5

–5

–5
C)

O

O

5

5

x

–5

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

–5

O

5

x

–5

42

CO NTI N U E

33

If x =

2y and y = 18, what is the value of 2x − 3 ?
3

A) 21
B) 15
C) 12
D) 10

7
A bricklayer uses the formula n = 7 A h to estimate
the number of bricks, n, needed to build a wall that
is A feet long and h feet high. Which of thefollowing correctly expresses A in terms ofn and h ?
A) A =7nhB) A =h7nnC) A =7hD) A =n7+hUnauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

6

43

8

x

w(x)

t(x)

1

–1

–3

2

3

–1

3

4

1

4

3

3

5

–1

5

The table above shows some values of thefunctions w and t. For which value of x is
w (x ) + t (x ) = x ?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

9
If

x + 9 = 64 , what is the value of x ?

A)

5

B)

5

C) 25
D) 55

CO NTI N U E

33

Jaime is preparing for a bicycle race. His goal is tobicycle an average of at least 280 miles per week for
4 weeks. He bicycled 240 miles the first week,
310 miles the second week, and 320 miles thethird week. Which inequality can be used torepresent the number of miles, x, Jaime could bicycleon the 4th week to meet his goal?
A)

240 + 310 + 320+ x ≥ 280
3B) 240 + 310 + 320 ≥ x(280)C)

240 310 320+++ x ≥ 280
444D) 240 + 310 + 320 + x ≥ 4(280)11yy = ax 2 + cOx

The vertex of the parabola in the xy-plane aboveis (0, c) . Which of the following is true about theparabola with the equation y = − a(x − b)2 + c ?
A) The vertex is (b, c) and the graph opens upward.
B) The vertex is (b, c) and the graph opens
downward.
C) The vertex is (− b, c) and the graph opens
upward.
D) The vertex is (− b, c) and the graph opens
downward.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

10

44

12
Which of the following is equivalent to

4x 2 + 6x?
4x + 2A) x
B) x + 4C) x −

2
4x + 2D) x + 1 −2
4x + 213

2x 2 − 4x = t
In the equation above, t is a constant. If theequation has no real solutions, which of the following
could be the value of t ?
A) −3
B) −1
C)

1

D)

3

CO NTI N U E

3
A laundry service is buying detergent and fabricsoftener from its supplier. The supplier will deliver
no more than 300 pounds in a shipment. Eachcontainer of detergent weighs 7.35 pounds, and eachcontainer of fabric softener weighs 6.2 pounds. The
service wants to buy at least twice as many containers
of detergent as containers of fabric softener. Let drepresent the number of containers of detergent, andlet s represent the number of containers of fabricsoftener, where d and s are nonnegative integers.
Which of the following systems of inequalities best
represents this situation?
A) 7.35d + 6.2s ≤ 300
d ≥ 2sB) 7.35d + 6.2s ≤ 300
2d ≥ sC) 14.7d + 6.2s ≤ 300
d ≥ 2sD) 14.7d + 6.2s ≤ 300
2d ≥ sUnauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

14

3

45

15
2

⎛
b⎞
Which of the following is equivalent to ⎜⎜a + ⎟⎟ ?
⎜⎝2 ⎟⎠A) a2 +b22B) a2 +b2
4C) a2 +

ab b 2+2
2D) a2 + ab +b2
4

CO NTI N U E

337
Answer: 12

For questions 16-20, solve the problem andenter your answer in the grid, as described
below, on the answer sheet.
1. Although not required, it is suggested thatyou write your answer in the boxes at the topof the columns to help you fill in the circles
accurately. You will receive credit only if thecircles are filled in correctly.
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.

Write
answerin boxes.

7 / 12
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Grid inresult.

2

as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the

2 / 3

/

2 . 5
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

. 666

Decimal
point

. 667

/ /
/ /
. . . .
. . . .
.
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 1 11 1 1 11
2 2 2 22 2 2 22
3 3 3 33 3 3 33
4 4 4 44 4 4 44
5 5 5 55 5 5 55
6 6 6 66 6 6 66
7 7 7 77 7 7 77
8 8 8 88 8 8 88
9 9 9 99 9 9 99Answer: 201 – either position is correct

grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .)2
2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal
answer with more digits than the grid canaccommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.

201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 3.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Fractionline

2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:

5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded
/

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

Answer: 2.5

46

201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 3
.

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

NOTE: You
may start youranswers in any
column, spacepermitting.
Columns you
don’t need touse should beleft blank.

CO NTI N U E

b

D

A
B
8
C

18
possible value of b ?

6

In the figure above, BD is parallel to AE . What is
the length of CE ?
17

2
5
t=
3
2
What value of t is the solution of the equation
above?

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

E
If a 4 = 16 for positive integers a and b, what is one

CO NTI N U E

47

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

18
16

3
3

3

3

How many liters of a 25% saline solution must be
added to 3 liters of a 10% saline solution to obtain a
15% saline solution?

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

19

20
Points A and B lie on a circle with radius 1, andπarc pAB has length . What fraction of the3
circumference of the circle is the length of arc p
AB ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

48

No Test Material On This Page

44Math Test – Calculator
55 M I NU TES, 3 8 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer tothe directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x forwhich f(x) is a real number.



r

w

A = pr 2
C = 2prb
1
A = bh2

A = whhr

V = whbac 2 = a2 + b 2

r

h

w

2x

c

4
V = pr 3
3

x

s 45°

s√2

30°
45°
s
x√3
Special Right Triangleshhr

V = pr 2h60°

1
V = pr 2h3

V = 1 wh3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

50w

CO NTI N U E

4

4

2

2

(2x − 4) − (−3x + 2x − 7) ?
A) 5x 2 − 2x + 3B) 5x 2 + 2x − 3C) − x 2 − 2x − 11D) − x 2 + 2x − 11

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

51

2

y
60
Distance (yards)

Which expression is equivalent to...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1

Paul

Mark

48
36
24
12
O

5
Time (seconds)

10x

The graph above shows the positions of Paul andMark during a race. Paul and Mark each ran at aconstant rate, and Mark was given a head start toshorten the distance he needed to run. Paul finishedthe race in 6 seconds, and Mark finished the race in
10 seconds. According to the graph, Mark was givena head start of how many yards?
A)

3

B) 12
C) 18
D) 24

CO NTI N U E

4

4

A)

Accumulation

Snow fell and then stopped for a time. When thesnow began to fall again, it fell at a faster rate than it
had initially. Assuming that none of the snow melted
during the time indicated, which of the following
graphs could model the total accumulation of snow
versus time?

B)

Accumulation

Time

C)

Accumulation

Time

D)

Accumulation

Time

Time

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3

52

4
A website-hosting service charges businesses a
onetime setup fee of $350 plus d dollars for eachmonth. If a business owner paid $1,010 for the first
12 months, including the setup fee, what is thevalue of d ?
A) 25
B) 35
C) 45
D) 55

5

6x − 9y > 12
Which of the following inequalities is equivalent to
the inequality above?
A) x − y > 2B) 2x − 3y > 4C) 3x − 2y > 4D) 3y − 2x > 2

CO NTI N U E

44
Where Do People Get Most of
Their Medical Information?
SourcePercent of
those surveyed

Doctor63%

Internet

13%

Magazines/brochures

9%

Pharmacy

6%

Television

2%

Other/none of the above

7%

The table above shows a summary of 1,200 responses
to a survey question. Based on the table, how manyof those surveyed get most of their medical
information from either a doctor or the Internet?
A) 865B) 887C) 912D) 926

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

6

53

7
The members of a city council wanted to assess theopinions of all city residents about converting an
open field into a dog park. The council surveyed asample of 500 city residents who own dogs. The
survey showed that the majority of those sampledwere in favor of the dog park. Which of thefollowing is true about the city council’s survey?
A) It shows that the majority of city residents are infavor of the dog park.
B) The survey sample should have included more
residents who are dog owners.
C) The survey sample should have consisted
entirely of residents who do not own dogs.
D) The survey sample is biased because it is not
representative of all city residents.

CO NTI N U E

44
Ice Cream and Topping Selections
FlavorTopping

Hot fudge
CaramelVanilla

Chocolate

8
5

6
6

The table above shows the flavors of ice cream
and the toppings chosen by the people at a party.
Each person chose one flavor of ice cream andone topping. Of the people who chose vanilla
ice cream, what fraction chose hot fudge as atopping?
A)

8
25

B)

5
13

C)

13
25

D)

8
13

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

8

54

9
The total area of a coastal city is 92.1 square miles, ofwhich 11.3 square miles is water. If the city had apopulation of 621,000 people in the year 2010, whichof the following is closest to the population density,in people per square mile of land area, of the city atthat time?
A)

6,740

B)

7,690

C) 55,000D) 76,000

CO NTI N U E

4
Between 1497 and 1500, Amerigo Vespucci
embarked on two voyages to the New World.
According to Vespucci’s letters, the first voyage
lasted 43 days longer than the second voyage, and thetwo voyages combined lasted a total of 1,003 days.
How many days did the second voyage last?
A) 460B) 480C) 520D) 540

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

10

4

55

11

7x + 3y = 8
6x − 3y = 5
For the solution (x, y) to the system of equations
above, what is the value of x − y ?
A) −

4
3

B)

2
3

C)

4
3

D)

22
3

CO NTI N U E

44

Questions 12-14 refer to the following information.

Sunflower Growth
0.00
17.93
36.36
67.76
98.10
131.00169.50205.50228.30247.10250.50253.80254.50Height (cm)Day Height (cm)
0
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
77
84

Sunflower Height over Time

h
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

0

7

14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
Time (days)t

In 1919, H. S. Reed and R. H. Holland published a paper on thegrowth of sunflowers. Included in the paper were the table and graphabove, which show the height h, in centimeters, of a sunflower t days
after the sunflower begins to grow.

Over which of the following time periods is theaverage growth rate of the sunflower least?
A) Day 0 to Day 21
B) Day 21 to Day 42C) Day 42 to Day 63
D) Day 63 to Day 84

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

....................................................................................................................

12

56

13
The function h, defined by h(t ) = at + b , where aand b are constants, models the height, in
centimeters, of the sunflower after t days of growthduring a time period in which the growth isapproximately linear. What does a represent?
A) The predicted number of centimeters the
sunflower grows each day during the periodB) The predicted height, in centimeters, of thesunflower at the beginning of the periodC) The predicted height, in centimeters, of thesunflower at the end of the periodD) The predicted total increase in the height of thesunflower, in centimeters, during the period

CO NTI N U E

4

4

The growth rate of the sunflower from day 14 to day
35 is nearly constant. On this interval, which of thefollowing equations best models the height h, incentimeters, of the sunflower t days after it begins
to grow?
A) h = 2.1t − 15B) h = 4.5t − 27C) h = 6.8t − 12D) h = 13.2t − 18

15

x

1

2

3

4

5

y

11
4

25
4

39
4

53
4

67
4

Which of the following equations relates y to x forthe values in the table above?
A) y =

1 ⎛ 5 ⎞x⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎟
2 ⎜⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠x

⎛3⎞B) y = 2 ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠C) y =

3x+2
4D) y =

73
x−
2
4

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

14

57

16

E
B

A

32°

C

D

58°

F

Triangles ABC and DEF are shown above. Whichof the following is equal to the ratio
A)

DE
DF

B)

DF
DE

C)

DF
EF

D)

EF
DE

BC
?
AB

CO NTI N U E

4

4
tread
depth
(d)
riser height(h)total rise

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
When designing a stairway, an architect can use theriser-tread formula 2h + d = 25, where h is the riser
height, in inches, and d is the tread depth, in inches. For
any given stairway, the riser heights are the same and thetread depths are the same for all steps in that stairway.
The number of steps in a stairway is the number of its
risers. For example, there are 5 steps in the stairway inthe figure above. The total rise of a stairway is the sum of
the riser heights as shown in the figure.

17
Which of the following expresses the riser height interms of the tread depth?
A) h =

1(25 + d)2B) h =

1(25 − d)2

1C) h = − (25 + d)
21D) h = − (25 − d)2

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Questions 17-19 refer to the following information.

58

18
Some building codes require that, for indoor
stairways, the tread depth must be at least 9 inches
and the riser height must be at least 5 inches.
According to the riser-tread formula, which of thefollowing inequalities represents the set of all
possible values for the riser height that meets thiscode requirement?
A) 0 ≤ h ≤ 5B) h ≥ 5C) 5 ≤ h ≤ 8D) 8 ≤ h ≤ 16

19
An architect wants to use the riser-tread formula todesign a stairway with a total rise of 9 feet, a riser
height between 7 and 8 inches, and an odd numberof steps. With the architect’s constraints, which of
the following must be the tread depth, in inches, ofthe stairway? (1 foot = 12 inches)
A)

7.2

B)

9.5

C) 10.6
D) 15

CO NTI N U E

4What is the sum of the solutions to(x − 6)(x + 0.7) = 0 ?
A) −6.7
B) −5.3
C)

5.3

D)

6.7

21
A study was done on the weights of different types offish in a pond. A random sample of fish were caught
and marked in order to ensure that none were
weighed more than once. The sample contained
150 largemouth bass, of which 30% weighed morethan 2 pounds. Which of the following conclusions
is best supported by the sample data?
A) The majority of all fish in the pond weigh lessthan 2 pounds.
B) The average weight of all fish in the pond isapproximately 2 pounds.
C) Approximately 30% of all fish in the pond weighmore than 2 pounds.
D) Approximately 30% of all largemouth bass in thepond weigh more than 2 pounds.

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22

Number of States with 10 or MoreElectoral Votes in 2008
Electoral votes Frequency
10

4

11

4

12

1

13

1

15

3

17

1

20

1

21

2

27

1

31

1

34

1

55

1

In 2008, there were 21 states with 10 or more
electoral votes, as shown in the table above. Based on
the table, what was the median number of electoral
votes for the 21 states?
A) 13
B) 15
C) 17
D) 20

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44

Height (feet)

Height versus Time for a Bouncing Ball
4
3
2
1
0

0

1
2
3
Time elapsed (seconds)

As part of an experiment, a ball was dropped andallowed to bounce repeatedly off the ground until itcame to rest. The graph above represents therelationship between the time elapsed after the ball
was dropped and the height of the ball above theground. After it was dropped, how many times was
the ball at a height of 2 feet?
A) OneB) TwoC) ThreeD) Four

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60

24
A customer’s monthly water bill was $75.74. Due toa rate increase, her monthly bill is now $79.86. To
the nearest tenth of a percent, by what percent did
the amount of the customer’s water bill increase?
A) 4.1%B) 5.1%C) 5.2%D) 5.4%

25

x

f (x)

0

–2

2

4

6

16

Some values of the linear function f are shown in thetable above. What is the value of f (3) ?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9

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4

4

A gear ratio r:s is the ratio of the number of teeth of
two connected gears. The ratio of the number of
revolutions per minute (rpm) of two gear wheels is
s:r. In the diagram below, Gear A is turned by a
motor. The turning of Gear A causes Gears B and C
to turn as well.

A

B

C
Gear C
10 teeth

Gear A
20 teeth
Gear B
60 teeth

If Gear A is rotated by the motor at a rate of 100 rpm,
what is the number of revolutions per minute forGear C?
A)

50

B)

110

C)

200

D) 1,000

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26

61

27
In the xy-plane, the graph of

2x 2 − 6x + 2y 2 + 2y = 45 is a circle. What is theradius of the circle?
A) 5B) 6.5
C)

40

D)

50

28
Two different points on a number line are both
3 units from the point with coordinate −4. The
solution to which of the following equations gives thecoordinates of both points?
A) x + 4 = 3
B)

x−4 =3C) x + 3 = 4D) x − 3 = 4

CO NTI N U E

4A) 4 tB) 16 tC)16tD) 16tUnauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

6230
The scatterplot below shows the amount of electricenergy generated, in millions of megawatt-hours, bynuclear sources over a 10‑year period.

yElectric Energy
Generated by Nuclear Sources

820
Energy(million megawatt-hours)

A motor powers a model car so that after startingfrom rest, the car travels s inches in t seconds,
where s = 16t t . Which of the following gives theaverage speed of the car, in inches per second, overthe first t seconds after it starts?

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29

4

800
780
760
740
720
700

0

2

4

6
8
Time (years)

10

12

Of the following equations, which best models thedata in the scatterplot?
A) y = 1.674x 2 + 19.76x − 745.73
B) y = −1.674x 2 − 19.76x − 745.73
C) y = 1.674x 2 + 19.76x + 745.73
D) y = −1.674x 2 + 19.76x + 745.73

CO NTI N U E

x

4

4
7
Answer: 12

For questions 31-38, solve the problem andenter your answer in the grid, as described
below, on the answer sheet.
1. Although not required, it is suggested thatyou write your answer in the boxes at the topof the columns to help you fill in the circles
accurately. You will receive credit only if thecircles are filled in correctly.
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.

Write
answerin boxes.

7 / 12
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Grid inresult.

2

as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the

2 / 3

/

2 . 5
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

. 666

Decimal
point

. 667

/ /
/ /
. . . .
. . . .
.
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 1 11 1 1 11
2 2 2 22 2 2 22
3 3 3 33 3 3 33
4 4 4 44 4 4 44
5 5 5 55 5 5 55
6 6 6 66 6 6 66
7 7 7 77 7 7 77
8 8 8 88 8 8 88
9 9 9 99 9 9 99Answer: 201 – either position is correct

grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .)2
2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal
answer with more digits than the grid canaccommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.

201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 3.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Fractionline

2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:

5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded
/

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

Answer: 2.5

63

201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 3
.

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

NOTE: You
may start youranswers in any
column, spacepermitting.
Columns you
don’t need touse should beleft blank.

CO NTI N U E

4A group of friends decided to divide the $800 costof a trip equally among themselves. When two of
the friends decided not to go on the trip, thoseremaining still divided the $800 cost equally, buteach friend’s share of the cost increased by $20. How
many friends were in the group originally?

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31

4

64

32

2(5x − 20) − (15 + 8x) = 7
What value of x satisfies the equation above?

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4
A laboratory supply company produces graduatedcylinders, each with an internal radius of 2 inches
and an internal height between 7.75 inches and
8 inches. What is one possible volume, rounded to
the nearest cubic inch, of a graduated cylinder
produced by this company?

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33

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65

34
In the xy-plane, the graph of y = 3x 2 − 14x
intersects the graph of y = x at the points (0, 0) and(a, a) . What is the value of a ?

CO NTI N U E

44

The line with the equation

4
1
x + y = 1 is graphed
5
3

in the xy‑plane. What is the x-coordinate of thex‑intercept of the line?

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35

66

36
Masses (kilograms)
Andrew 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.5 2.7
Maria
x 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8
Andrew and Maria each collected six rocks, and themasses of the rocks are shown in the table above.
The mean of the masses of the rocks Maria collected
is 0.1 kilogram greater than the mean of the massesof the rocks Andrew collected. What is the valueof x ?

CO NTI N U E

44

Jeremy deposited x dollars in his investment
account on January 1, 2001. The amount ofmoney in the account doubled each year until
Jeremy had 480 dollars in his investment account on
January 1, 2005. What is the value of x ?

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37

38
A school district is forming a committee to discussplans for the construction of a new high school. Of
those invited to join the committee, 15% are parentsof students, 45% are teachers from the current highschool, 25% are school and district administrators,
and the remaining 6 individuals are students. How
many more teachers were invited to join thecommittee than school and district administrators?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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67

No Test Material On This Page

No Test Material On This Page