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In 1604, Tomsk Ostrog was laid on the bank of the Tom servilators, who laid the grounds for one ofthe oldest Russian cities in Western Siberia. Ostrog became a support base for the Cossacks whocontinued to move to the east, mastering new lands. The population grew rapidly, after a quarter ofa century, the city became the center of Tomsk category. By XVIII, when the borders of the Russianstate expanded significantly, Tomsk has already lost their military importance, becoming one of thehandicraft and shopping centers of Siberia.
At the very beginning of the XIX century, in 1804, Tomsk becomes the center of province. At thistime, the population of the city has already exceeded 8,000 people. Golden peppers were opened in
the province, rich merchants began to build their mansions in Tomsk. Local fairs arrived products
from Moscow, Kazan, as well as China and Central Asia. Throughout the XIX century, the city was amajor shopping center, there are dozens of fairs with general revolutions of more than 50 million
rubles each year.
Trading in Tomsk has developed rapidly, the steamers could already cope with this flow of goods, in1896 a railway branch was held through the city. From this time, Tomsk becomes also an industrialcenter. Already at the beginning of the twentieth century, more than 200 factories and factories
operated in the city.
In 1878, Emperor Alexander Second signed a decree on the opening in Tomsk University, the first in
all Siberia. But, all organizational issues stretched for the whole ten years, the university began toact only since 1888, classes began at the medical faculty. The first release took place in 1893, thediploma was awarded 31 doctor.
Tomsk, who became the cultural center of Russia at the end of the XIX century, received theinformal name of Siberian Athens. It is assumed that the first way is the Russian traveler Prince
Konstantin Alexandrovich Vyazemsky. It happened, probably at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, asin 1904, when the 300th anniversary of Tomsk was celebrated, this name was already mentioned inthe press.
In 1890, during a trip to Sakhalin, the famous Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov visited
Tomsk. Because of the off-road Chekhov was forced to stay here for a week, probably for thisreason he called Tomsk the boring city. But the Czech citizens themselves did not forget, and in2004 they even established a monument on the bank of the Tom River. With the original inscription
on the pedestal: Anton Pavlovich in Tomsk, the eyes of a drunken man lying in the ditch and notreading the Kashtanka.
In the middle of the XIX century, rumors were rumored that Emperor Alexander First, contrary to theofficial version, was not died in 1825, and went to Siberia under the name of the elder Fyodor
Kuzmich. People who knew him personally celebrated an amazing similarity with the emperor.
Fyodor Kuzmich died in Tomsk on February 1, 1864 and was buried at the Cemetery of the Motherof God-Alekseevsky Monastery. The mystery remains unsolved to the present day.
Tomsk can be called the city of original monuments. For example, there are monuments ofhappiness, ruble, cabbage. One of the attractions of the city is a bronze monument to a football fan,which was manufactured by the sculptor Leonthy Usov and installed at the work stadium. The fanenthusiastically watches the events occurring on the field, and in his hand he has a legendary Soviet
weekly football-hockey.
On the outskirts of Tomsk, in the village of Zavarzino, the largest anthill was discovered in the world.
The height of this record holder is two and a half meters, and the diameter exceeds five meters. In2015, its size was clarified in the presence of members of the Tomsk branch of the Russian
geographical society. Among all the anthills discovered earlier, it was recognized as the largest.
For a long time, Tomsk was a place for reference to politically unrealfish. For example, in the XVIIIcentury, Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, Abram Hannibal, was under the supervision of AlexanderSergeyevich Pushkin. And from 1846 to 1856. In Tomsk, a referential Decembrist Gabriel
Stepanovich Batanykov lived. In modern Tomsk there is a lane called him name. In the late fifties of
the XIX century, the famous Anarchist Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin arrived in Tomsk to thesettlement.
In 1907-1909 An Alexander Melentievich Volkov, who became the famous writer and playwright,
was a student of the Tomsk Teachest Institute. It is said that it is the wooden houses of Tomsk,
painted in green, inspired Volkov to write a famous cycle of children's books The wizard of theemerald city.
Before the revolution, Tomsk, indeed, was the city of wooden architecture, the mass stone building
began here only after the revolution. To date, in Tomsk you can see at home built from the tree long
before the onset of the twentieth century. Tomsk has repeatedly raised the question of the need topreserve these unique buildings.