dxguides.info

Middle East and Caucasus
on Shortwave

Guide to shortwave broadcastingin the Middle East and Caucasus
September 2024 (A24)Middle East & Caucasus on Shortwave
Compiled and edited by Tony Rogers.
Updated: 8 September 2024
There may be a later edition of the guide you are reading. Please check at www.dxguides.info
Whilst there may be errors and omissions, the strong point of the guides is the ability to correct andupdate quickly. Please do not hesitate to let me know if you see something that doesn't look right. Thanks!
Descriptions used in this guide may have been taken from radio station websites and/or Wikipedia.
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Email: dxguides@gmail.com

Armenia
Public Radio of Armenia
Public Radio of Armenia (Armenian: Hayastani Hanrayin Radio) is the public radio broadcaster in Armenia.
International Public Radio of Armenia is the international broadcasting service, established in 1967 under the label Radio
Yerevan. International Public Radio of Armenia broadcast on shortwave until 2018, then switching to online broadcasts,
although some services to neighbouring countries are still aired on mediumwave.
International relays on shortwave
Radio CJSCRadio CJSC is the successor of Noratus Radio Station, established in 1965. It is located in Noratus at Lake Sevan, 40
miles north-east of Yerevan. The Center's technical capacity has been regularly upgraded, most recently in 1990, when a
new unit with a powerful relay station and a set of antennae was completed. Privately held, Radio CJSC is a broadcasteron both mediumwave and shortwave. It is one of the largest and technically best-equipped in the former USSR.
The entries below are believed to originate from Gavar but are not registered with the HFCC and are therefore subject toconfirmation. There may be other relays from Gavar not listed here.
Transmitter site: Gavar, near Noratus, Gegharkunik.
Time/UTC Days Station
LanguagekHz
kW Target area
0330-1600 Daily Radyoya Dengê Gel
Kurdish/Turkish
11510-11550 100 Middle East (see below)
1600-2200 Daily Radyoya Dengê Gel
Kurdish/Turkish
7440-7460
100 Middle East (see below)
1700-1800 Daily Radio Erena
Tigrinya9585
100 Horn of Africa
Radio Dengê Gel, believed to be operating from a transmitter in Armenia, may move to an adjacent frequency within therange of 11510-11550 kHz between 0330-1600 and 7440-7460 kHz between 1600-2200 in order to avoid the Turkish
jammer which shadows it.

Azerbaijan
Azärbaycan Radiosu
Azärbaycan Radiosu is the state radio service of Azerbaijan TV and Radio Broadcasting. All broadcasting is on FM onlywith mediumwave and shortwave transmitters having closed.

Bahrain
Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation
Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) is a public broadcaster in Bahrain with headquarters in Manama. The
BRTC is owned by the government of Bahrain and under the control of the Information Affairs Authority. All domestic
services operate on FM with four also on mediumwave, but the shortwave transmitter on 9745 kHz that had broadcast arelay of Shabab FM has been off-air since June 2019.

2

Georgia
Georgian Public Broadcaster
Tbilisi-based Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) is the public broadcasting service in Georiga. The Radio Georgia
foreign service was closed in 2005.
Abkhazia
Abkhazia is a partially recognised state controlled by a separatist government on the eastern coast of the Black Sea andthe south-western flank of the Caucasus. It considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or
Aphsny. This status is recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru. The Georgian government, the UN and the
majority of the world's governments consider Abkhazia a part of Georgia's territory, though Georgia does not control it.
Under Georgia's official designation it is an autonomous republic, called the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Abkhaz Radio (Apsua Radio)
Abkhaz Radio has been on the air since 1992 broadcasting from Sukhumi, capital of the self-declared Republic of
Abkhazia in NW Georgia. It broadcasts programmes in Abkhaz, Georgian and Russian, and when not carrying its own
programmes relays various others services from Moscow or the neighbouring Russian North Caucasus region.
For many years, Abkhaz Radio was broadcast on either or both mediumwave 1350 kHz and shortwave 9535v kHz. The
shortwave transmitter was last reactivated in early December 2021 after the mediumwave unit on 1350 kHz seemingly
developed a fault and left the air. However it was last reported on 9535v kHz in July 2022 and is presumably inactive
once again.

Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
IRIB is an Iranian media corporation which holds the monopoly of domestic radio and television in the Islamic Republic of
Iran. IRIB says it is independent of the Iranian government.
External broadcasting on shortwave
IRIB World Service
IRIB World Service, also known as Pars Today, is the official international broadcasting radio network of Iran. The radio
network started to work in 1956 with the aim of familiarising different world nations with Iran's history and culture as wellas its different regions and historical sites. Following the Iranian Revolution, elaborating on the revolution's stances andthe ideals of the Islamic Republic system were put high on the radio's agenda. The schedule includes news and talkprogrammes, political and religious commentaries, etc.
IRIB Arabic RadioIRIB Arabic Radio is part of IRIB World Service which provides a 24/7 service for listeners in the Arab World. These are
the transmissions currently listed at https://arabicradio.net/frequencies and cross-referenced with A24 HFCC registrations.
Time/UTC Days Language
kHz Site
kW Target area
0600-0830 Daily Arabic
15240 Sirjan 500 Yemen
0830-1030 Daily Arabic
15430 Sirjan 500 Iraq, Syria, the Levant and northern Saudi Arabia
0930-1130 Daily Arabic
15240 Sirjan 500 Yemen
1130-1430 Daily Arabic
15240 Sirjan 500 Yemen
1430-1730 Daily Arabic
9840 Sirjan 500 Yemen
Note: at present some of these broadcasts may have very low modulation making speech unintelligible.
IRIB World Service / Pars Today
IRIB World Service, also known as Pars Today, is the official international broadcasting radio network of Iran.
Time/UTC Days Language
kHz Site
kW Target area
Alt. freqs
0050-0220 Daily Tajik
6000 Sirjan 500 Afghanistan
9790
0420-0550 Daily Turkish
15240 Sirjan 500 Turkey
15340 15430
0450-0550 Daily Swahili
15120 Sirjan 500 East Africa
0550-0650 Daily Hausa
15120 Sirjan 500 West Africa
15260 15340
0550-0820 Daily Dari
11730 Sirjan 500 Afghanistan
11985 15310
0920-1250 Daily Dari
11730 Sirjan 500 Afghanistan
11945 15230 15440 15470 5620
1050-1120 Daily Hausa
15430 Sirjan 500 West Africa
15560 15600
1150-1220 Daily Hebrew
15430 Sirjan 500 Middle East
15150
1220-1320 Daily Pashto
9790 Sirjan 500 Afghanistan
9795
1320-1420 Daily Kurdish
9790 Sirjan 500 Middle East
9715
1420-1520 Daily Hindi
11640 Sirjan 500 South Asia
1420-1520 Daily Bengali
11945 Sirjan 500 South Asia
12055
1520-1620 Daily English
11640 Sirjan 500 South-East Asia 11645
1620-1650 Daily Bengali
11640 Sirjan 500 South Asia
11750 11850
1620-1720 Daily Armenian
7255 Sirjan 500 Caucasus
7305
31650-1820 Daily Turkish
9870 Sirjan 500 Middle East
1820-1920 Daily Albanian5990 Sirjan 500 Europe
7310 7325
1820-1920 Daily Hausa
9870 Sirjan 500 West Africa
9740
1920-2020 Daily English
9835 Sirjan 500 Southern Africa
9830
Note: at present some of these broadcasts may have very low modulation making speech unintelligible.
Target broadcasts from IranVoice of Palestine, Voice of the Islamic Palestinian Revolution"Voice of Palestine, Voice of the Islamic Palestinian Revolution" broadcasts from Iran in support of Palestinian groups.
Dave Kernick commented on 20 November 2023: "After two weeks of trying to track this down Voice of Palestine, Voiceof the Islamic Palestinian Revolution on Iran's state broadcaster IRIB/VIRI I heard it on 20 November at 1830-1930 UT on
1224 kHz with clear reception via a Qatar-based webSDR, with 765 kHz in parallel offering very poor reception (cochannel Saudi Koran Programme). A quick sweep of the 49 and 41-metre bands didn't turn up any shortwave
frequencies. It was in Arabic of course, and VIRI's website (radio.irib.ir) also streamed it in their Arabic Service. Various
sources list a 0320-0420 UT broadcast, but I couldn't trace that on 1224 kHz or the SW frequencies cited, nor on the
Arabic Service web stream". (David Kernick, Interval Signals Online, WOR iog)
Target broadcasts to IranRadio Farda
Radio Farda ("Radio Tomorrow") is the Iranian branch of the U.S. government-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty(RFE/RL) external broadcast service. It broadcasts 24 hours a day in the Persian language from its HQ in Prague. These
are the frequencies registered for A24:
Time/UTC Days Language kHz
Transmitter sitekW
0300-1100 Daily Persian
5860 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
9370 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
1100-1230 Daily Persian
5860 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
7435 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
9370 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
1230-1400 Daily Persian
5860 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
7435 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
1400-1630 Daily Persian
5860 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
1630-2000 Daily Persian
5860 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
9370 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250
2000-0300 Daily Persian
5860 Umm al-Rimam, Kuwait 250

Iraq
Iraqi Media Network - Republic of Iraq Radio
Republic of Iraq Radio is the state broadcasting radio station in Iraq, operated by the Iraqi Media Network. It broadcasts
mainly on FM, with a single mediumwave transmitter still operational on 792 kHz in Baghdad. There is no shortwave
broadcasting from Iraq with Republic of Iraq Radio ceasing just before the fall of the Sadam Hussein regime.

IsraelKanState broadcasting in Israel is operated by the Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation, branded as Kan, an Israeli
governmental body founded in 2015 to replace the Israel Broadcasting Authority after the Israeli Public Broadcasting law
ordered its closure. Its debut date was postponed several times but eventually opened on 15 May 2017.
International broadcasting on shortwave
All shortwave services directly from transmitters in Israel, with the exception of Persian, ended on 31 March 2008. The
Persian service was later disconinued on shortwave on 30 June 2013.
Although it does not broadcast from transmitters in Israel, a Kan programme in English that forms part of the World Radio
Network (WRN) stream for North America has been re-broadcast on shortwave by WRMI (Radio Miami International).
However, it has not been heard during the A24 season so far.

JordanJordan Radio and Television Corporation
Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTC) is the state broadcaster of Jordan. Radio Jordan operates on a single
mediumwave transmitter at the current time. All shortwave transmissions were discontinued several years ago.
4

Target broadcasts to Kurdistan
Kurdistan or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural historical region wherein the Kurdish people form a
prominent majority population and Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based.
Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern Zagros and the eastern Taurus mountain ranges. The territory
corresponds to Kurdish irredentist claims.
Contemporary use of the term refers to the following areas: southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Iraq
(Southern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Rojava or Western Kurdistan). Some
Kurdish nationalist organisations seek to create an indpendent nation state consisting of some or all of these areas with a
Kurdish majority, while others campaign for greater autonomy within the existing national boundaries. (Wikipedia)
Radyoya Dengê Gel
Radyoya Dengê Gel ( Radio Voice of the People) presents classical and modern music, poetry and songs, programmes
and news broadcasts from the four parts of Kurdistan in the Kurmancî, Soranî, Dimilkî, Hewramî and Kelhorî dialects ofKurdish. Dengê Gel studios are located in the town of Denderleeuw 20 km north-east of Brussels.
Time/UTC Days Languages
range (kHz)Transmitter sitekW Targe area
0330-1600 Daily Kurdish dialects 11510-11550 presumably Yerevan, Armenia 100 Middle East
1600-2200 Daily Kurdish dialects 7440-7460
presumably Yerevan, Armenia 100 Middle East
Note: Radyoya Dengê Gel may move to an adjacent frequency within the range of 11510-11550 kHz between 0330-1600
and 7440-7460 kHz between 1600-2200 in order to avoid the Turkish jammer which shadows it.
Turkish jamming of Radyoya Dengê Gel
A station refered to by some listeners as "Radio Recep Erdogan" (after the Turkish president) has been heard shadowing
Radyoya Dengê Gel. It appears to be a counter-broadcast from Turkey with military music, the Turkish national anthem
and speeches by President Erdogan. At times the two broadcasts have played cat and mouse, varying their frequencies
but often clashing on the same frequency. The Turkish jamming, or counter-broadcast appears to be a 30 (or 60) minuteloop recording without any station ID. The same broadcast is/has been carried on the Turksat satellite at 42 degrees Easton a transponder which previously carried a feed of the former TRT Arabic mediumwave service. So it would seem that
TRT is closely involved in this jamming operation, which is likely to be using a TRT SW transmitter at Emirler.
IRIB Kurmanci Radio
Kurmanci Radio is the Kurdish-language service of IRIB World Service. The service is aired on just one shortwave
frequency between 1320-1420, but is also aired on mediumwave at other times (see MW guide for details)
Time/UTC Days Language Transmitter sitekHzkW
1320-1420 Daily Kurdish
Sirjan, Iran
9715 500

VOA Kurdish
VOA's Kurdish service was established in 1992. In addition to shortwave, the programmes air on FM affiliates in several
cities in Iraq (Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Kirkuk, Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra). VOA Kurdish also produces video reports thatare streamed on both of its websites (Kurmanji and Sorani). The service’s target audience consists of more than 30
million Kurds living in the Middle East and Eurasia and approximately one million Kurds living in Europe and North
America. Audience research indicates that the broadcasts are popular among listeners in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.
The daily radio shows offer extensive regional and international news coverage, interviews with experts and newsmakers,
stringer reports and panel discussions with Kurds in the greater Middle East and in the diaspora,
Time/UTC Days
Language
kHz
Transmitter sitekW
1400-1500 Daily
Kurdish11985 Biblis, Germany
10015610 Santa Maria di Galeria, Vatican 250
1700-1800 Daily
Kurdish7515 Biblis, Germany
100
9820 Udon Thani, Thailand
250
11620 Biblis, Germany
100

5KuwaitRadio of the State of Kuwait
Radio of the State of Kuwait (Radio Kuwait) is the state broadcasting service of Kuwait.
International broadcasting on shortwave
Shortwave transmissions have been reduced considerably and at the current time the follownig are known to be on air:Transmitter site: Kabd.
Time/UTC Station
0800-1000 Persian Service
0945-1330 Main Arabic Programme
1600-1800 RK Urdu 93.3
1800-2100 English Service

Language
PersianArabicUrdu
English

kHz
7250
15110
15540v
15540v

kW
250
250
250
250

Notes
see comment below
DRM (may be absent on some days)
irregular; AM or DRM possible
irregular; AM or DRM possible - see below

The Persian Service on 7250 kHz may be preceded by English for a few minutes leading up to the 0800 start of Persian,and at the close at 1000 is followed by Filipino until the transmitter is switched off.
Radio Kuwait was heard by Atsuhiko Takezawa in Japan on 31 March 2024 on 15540 kHz in English from tune-in at 2002
UTC (Atsuhiko's recording can be found at Short-wave Fan Facebook page).
Atsuhiko's recording on 31 March 2024 including the following announcement: "This is Radio Kuwait transmiitting on 963
kHz on the medium wave for our listeners in the State of Kuwait and Arabian Gulf area. Our local listeners can also
receive our transmission on 93.3 MHz on the FM band. As for our listeners in Europe and North America, we aretransmitting on 15540 kHz on the 25 metre band (sic) on the short wave. Dear listeners, if you have any reception reports
you would like to send us, please send them to kwtfreq@hotmail.com. That's kwtfreq@hotmail.com. You can also send
them to this mailing address. Ministry of Information, Engineering Affairs, Department of Frequencies, PO Box 967, Safat,
code 13010, Kuwait. You can also fax your reception report to this number 00965 22 41 54 98".
Not heard recently:
These shortwave transmissions have not been heard for a while now:
Time/UTC Station
LanguagekHz
kW Notes
0300-0630 Main Arabic Programme
Arabic5960
250
0500-0800 Easy FM
English11970
250 DRM
15530
250
0500-0900 Main Arabic Programme
Arabic15515
250
1000-1200 Radio Pinoy
Filipino
17760
250
1100-1330 Main Arabic Programme
Arabic9750
250
1400-1600 Holy Quran Programme
Arabic11630
250
Many thanks to Rihards Millers and Atsuhiko Takezawa for monitoring Radio Kuwait and confirming those broadcasts thatare currently on air (and those that are inactive)
International relays on shortwave
USAGM Kuwait "George A Moore Jr" Transmitting Station
The USAGM Kuwait "George A Moore Jr" Transmitting Station was inaugurated in 2003.
Transmitter site: Umm al-Rimam.
Time/UTC Days
StationLanguagekHz
kW Target area
0000-0100 Daily
Radio Free Asia
Lao
15210 250 Laos
0100-0200 Daily
Radio Free Asia
Uighur9780 250 Xinjiang & environs
11640 250 Xinjiang & environs
Mon
12005 250 Xinjiang & environs
Tue
12015 250 Xinjiang & environs
Wed12025 250 Xinjiang & environs
Thu
12000 250 Xinjiang & environs
Fri
12015 250 Xinjiang & environs
Sat
12025 250 Xinjiang & environs
Sun
11995 250 Xinjiang & environs
0300-1100 Daily
Radio Farda
Persian5860 250 Iran
9370 250 Iran
0330-0400 Daily
Voice of America Somali
13680 250 Horn of Africa
0400-0700 Daily
Radio Mashaal
Pashto12130 250 Afghanistan/Pakistan
0430-0530 Daily
Radio Azadi
Dari15090 250 Afghanistan
0530-0630 Daily
Radio Azadi
Pashto15090 250 Afghanistan
0630-0730 Daily
Radio Azadi
Dari15090 250 Afghanistan
0700-1000 Daily
Radio Mashaal
Pashto12130 250 Afghanistan/Pakistan
15365 250 Afghanistan/Pakistan
15750 250 Afghanistan/Pakistan
60730-0830
0830-0930
0930-1030
1000-1100

Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily

Radio Azadi
Radio Azadi
Radio Azadi
Radio Mashaal

PashtoDari
PashtoPashto1030-1130
1100-1200
1100-1200
1100-1230

Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily

Radio Azadi
Radio Mashaal
Radio Free Asia
Radio Farda

Dari
PashtoLao
Persian1130-1230
1200-1300
1200-1300
1230-1330
1230-1330
1230-1400

Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily

Radio Azadi
Radio Free Asia
Radio Mashaal
Radio Free Asia
Radio Azadi
Radio Farda

PashtoTibetan
PashtoKhmer
DariPersian1300-1400
1300-1700
1400-1500
1400-1630
1430-1500
1500-1530
1500-1600
1500-1600
1500-1530
1500-1600
1530-1600
1600-1630
1600-1700

Radio Free Asia
Deewa Radio
Voice of America
Radio Farda
Radio Ashna
Radio Ashna
RFE/RL
Radio Free Asia
Radio Ashna
Radio Free Asia
Radio Ashna
Radio Ashna
Radio Free Asia

Tibetan
PashtoTibetanPersian
PashtoDari
TurkmenChinese
Dari
ChinesePashtoDari
Uighur1600-1700
1630-1700
1630-1700
1630-2000

Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily

Alhurra TV audio
Radio Ashna
Radio Ashna
Radio Farda

ArabicPashtoPashtoPersian1700-1730
1700-1800
1800-1900
1900-1930
1930-2000
2000-0300
2030-2100
2100-2200

Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily

Radio Ashna
Voice of America
Voice of America
Voice of America
Voice of America
Radio Farda
Voice of America
Radio Free Asia

Dari
SomaliAmharic
TigrinyaFrenchPersian
Hausa
Chinese

2200-2300 Daily

Radio Free Asia

Tibetan

Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
2300-0000 Daily

Radio Free Asia

Tibetan

15090
15090
15090
12130
15750
15090
12130
15195
5860
7435
9370
15090
12055
12130
12150
15090
5860
7435
11995
13820
9445
5860
11575
11575
9525
9940
11575
11675
11575
11575
9340
9325
9335
9340
9325
9335
9480
15445
11575
11575
5860
9370
11575
15730
12070
12070
9490
5860
12070
7435
9685
7485
9380
7355
7365
7520
9655
7360
9920
7520
5950

250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
100
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250

Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan/Pakistan
Afghanistan/Pakistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan/Pakistan
Laos
Iran
Iran
Iran
Afghanistan
Tibet & environs
Afghanistan/Pakistan
Cambodia
Afghanistan
Iran
Iran
Tibet & environs
Afghanistan
Tibet & environs
Iran
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Central Asia
China/East Asia
Afghanistan
China
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Xinjiang & environs
Xinjiang & environs
Xinjiang & environs
Xinjiang & environs
Xinjiang & environs
Xinjiang & environs
Xinjiang & environs
Sudan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Iran
Iran
Afghanistan
Horn of Africa
Horn of Africa
Horn of Africa
AfricaIranWest Africa
China/East Asia
China/East Asia
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs
Tibet & environs

LebanonRadio Lebanon is the state broadcasting service of Lebanon. There are currently no stations broadcasting on either
mediumwave or shortwave in Lebanon. Radio Lebanon was last heard on shortwave in 1984.
7

Oman
Sultanate of Oman Radio
Sultanate of Oman Radiois the state-run broadcasting service in Oman. The shortwave service has been discontinued
but had previously relayed the General Arabic Progamme, as well as the English service. The domestic service on
mediumwave gives wide coverage not only of Oman but also the Middle East and South Asia.
International relays on shortwave
BBC Eastern Relay Station
The BBC Eastern Relay Station is owned by the BBC and operated by Encompass Digital Media Services Ltd.
Transmitter site: A'Seela.
Time/UTC Days
LanguagekHz
kW Target area
0000-0200 Daily
English12095 250 South Asia
0030-0100 Daily
Dari
6195 250 Afghanistan
0100-0130 Daily
Pashto6195 250 Afghanistan
7445 250 Afghanistan
0130-0200 Daily
Dari
6195 250 Afghanistan
7445 250 Afghanistan
0200-0230 Daily
Pashto9410 250 Afghanistan
12095 250 Afghanistan
0230-0300 Daily
Dari9410 250 Afghanistan
12095 250 Afghanistan
0300-0330 Daily
Pashto12095 250 Afghanistan
0430-0500 Daily
Dari
15310 250 Afghanistan
17750 250 Afghanistan
0500-0530 Daily
Pashto15310 250 Afghanistan
17750 250 Afghanistan
0830-0900 Daily
Dari
17810 250 Afghanistan
21470 250 Afghanistan
0900-0930 Daily
Pashto17810 250 Afghanistan
21470 250 Afghanistan0930-1000 Daily
Dari
17810 250 Afghanistan
21470 250 Afghanistan
1000-1030 Daily
Pashto17810 250 Afghanistan
21470 250 Afghanistan
1030-1100 Daily
Dari
17810 250 Afghanistan
21470 250 Afghanistan
1100-1130 Daily
Pashto17810 250 Afghanistan
21470 250 Afghanistan
1200-1300 Daily
English15295 250 South Asia
17790 250 South Asia
1300-1400 Daily
English
11870 250 South Asia
15295 250 South Asia
1400-1500 Daily
Dari5970 250 Afghanistan
11995 250 Afghanistan
1400-1500 Mon-Fri
Somali
12095 250 Horn of Africa
1400-1600 Sat
English15310 250 East Africa
1500-1600 Daily
Pashto5970 250 Afghanistan
11995 250 Afghanistan
1500-1700 Mon-Fri
English12095 250 East Africa
1530-1730 Sun
English12095 250 East Africa
1600-1630 Daily
Dari5970 250 Afghanistan
11995 250 Afghanistan
1630-1700 Mon-Fri
Pashto5970 250 Afghanistan
11995 250 Afghanistan
1630-1700 Sat/Sun
Dari5970 250 Afghanistan
11995 250 Afghanistan
1700-1800 Daily
Dari
6150 250 Afghanistan
9550 250 Afghanistan
1700-1900 Sat/Sun
Somali
17745 250 Horn of Africa
1730-1750 Mon-Fri
Amharic
9780 250 Horn of Africa
1750-1810 Mon-Fri
Oromo
9780 250 Horn of Africa
1800-1900 Daily
Pashto6150 250 Afghanistan
9550 250 Afghanistan
1810-1830 Mon-Fri
Tigrinya9780 250 Horn of Africa
81830-1850 Mon-Fri
1850-1910 Mon-Fri
1910-1930 Mon-Fri

Amharic
Oromo
Tigrinya

9780
9780
9780

250
250
250

Horn of Africa
Horn of Africa
Horn of Africa

Qatar
Qatar Radio - Main Arabic Programme
Qatar Media Corporation (QMC) is the official broadcasting authority for the State of Qatar. As a corporation, QMC wasestablished in 2009 to oversee media services that include Qatar Radio, the only service that operates on mediumwave inthe country. Qatar was last heard on shortwave in 2002.

Saudi Arabia
Saudi Broadcasting Authority
The Saudi Broadcasting Authority (SBA) is a governmental entity of Saudi Arabia, organised under the Ministry of Culture
and Information.
The SBA was originally known as the Broadcasting Servic e of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (BSKSA), but was rebranded
as the Saudi Broadcasting Corporation sometime towards the end of 2014/early 2015. It then got renamed again as theSaudi Broadcasting Authority in August 2018.
Saudi domestic services are no longer relayed on shortwave.
SBA External Service - Saudia Radio International
Saudia Radio International is the SBA service in foreign languages for listeners abroad. All external service broadcasts
appear to be irregular at present.
Transmitter site: Riyadh.
Time/UTC Days
LanguagekHz
kW Target area
0400-0655 irregular Swahili
15285 500 East Africa
0700-0855 irregular Somali
13720 500 North-East Africa
0900-1155 irregular Urdu
15120 500 South Asia
0900-1155 irregular Indonesian
21670 500 South-East Asia
1200-1455 irregular Urdu
13775 500 South Asia
1400-1555 irregular Pashto
9695 500 Afghanistan
1600-1755 irregular Urdu
9885 500 Central Asia
Radio Al-Azm
Radio Al-Azm is a service of the SBA primarily for Saudi military personnel serving in Yemen and the southern part of theKingdom. Their Twitter page gives their frequencies as 549 & 747 kHz; 94.9, 99.0, 107 MHz FM and 11745 kHz.
Transmitter site: unconfirmed - Jeddah or Riyadh.
Time/UTC
Days Language
kHz
24 hours
Daily Arabic
11745
Broadcasts from Saudi Arabia to Yemen
Republic of Yemen Radio - Radio Sana'a
See entry under Yemen for further details.
Transmitter site: unconfirmed, but believed to either Riyadh or Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Schedule
Days
Language kHz
0355 sign-on, with a variable evening sign-off (mostly around 2300) Daily
Arabic11935v

Syria
General Organisation of Radio and Television - Syria (ORTAS)
ORTAS is the state broadcasting service in Syria. Radio Damascus shortwave broadcasts have been discontinued.
Target broadcast to Syria
Agricultural Voices Syria
Agricultural Voices Syria is a research project to provide knowledge exchange to promote sustainable agricultural
practices in North West Syria. Encompass Digital Media Ltd had broadcast AVS programmes utilising an IRDR frequency,
initially on 11840 kHz between 24 April-7 May 2023 and then on 11830 kHz between 8 May-17 June 2023 (both from
Dhabbaya, UAE - 250 kW), educating farmers on how to grow and manage crops within the disaster zone.

9Turkey
Turkish Radio and Television Corporation
Turkish Radio-Television Corporation (TRT) is the national public broadcaster of Turkey.
Voice of Turkey Radio in Turkish
www.trt.net.tr/kurumsal/radyo states: "Voice of Turkey Radio - TSR: Broadcasting in Turkish for our citizens andcompatriots living abroad, Voice of Turkey Radio broadcasts news, foreign policy, public diplomacy, culture, art programs
and all kinds of music. The channel also has a structure that constantly renews and develops itself with its broadcaststhat it delivers to listeners in light of visions such as speaking Turkish widely and correctly and strengthening the family".
Transmitter site: Emirler approx. 65 km from Ankara.
Time/UTC
Days LanguagekHz
kW Target area
0000-0200 Daily Turkish
7360 500 Central Asia
0400-0600 Daily Turkish
6040 250 Middle East
9770 500 Europe
0600-1300 Daily Turkish
13635 500 Europe
1300-1600 Daily Turkish
17815 500 Europe
1600-2100 Daily Turkish
9460 500 Europe
1830-2100 Daily Turkish
5960 500 Middle East
Voice of Turkey
www.trt.net.tr/kurumsal/radyo states: "Voice Of Turkey - VOT: Voice of Turkey continues its broadcasts on different
channels as VOT East, VOT West and VOT World. Reaching seven continents with its radio programs in 41 languages
and dialects, VOT is a TRT radio active in international broadcasting, bringing the Turkish perspective to events. It
continues to bring Turkey's current political developments, international relations and economic evaluations to its listeners
via short wave, satellite and internet"
Transmitter site: Emirler.
Time/UTC
Days LanguagekHz
kW Target area
0100-0200 Daily Spanish
7260 500 Americas, Europe
9870 500 Americas, Europe
0200-0300 Daily Uighur
9465 500 East Asia
0300-0400 Daily English
6165 250 Middle East
7275 500 Americas, Europe
0400-0500 Daily Malaysian 17720 500 South-East Asia
0500-0600 Daily Hausa
15320 500 West Africa
0600-0700 Daily Hausa
15320 500 West Africa
0700-0800 Daily Azeri
13685 250 Caucasus
0800-0830 Daily Georgian
9655 250 Caucasus
0800-0830 Daily Turkmen
17730 250 Central Asia
0830-0900 Daily Italian
13655 250 Europe
0830-1000 Daily Persian
15720 250 West Asia
0900-1000 Daily Arabic
11750 500 Middle East
1000-1030 Daily Tatar
17615 250 Caucasus
1000-1100 Daily French
17740 250 Europe
1030-1100 Daily Uzbek
15270 500 Central Asia
1100-1130 Daily Bulgarian
7210 250 Europe
1100-1200 Daily Chinese
17620 500 East Asia
1130-1230 Daily German
15350 250 Europe
1200-1300 Daily Urdu
17580 250 South Asia
1230-1330 Daily English
17620 500 Europe
1300-1400 Daily Russian
11965 500 Russia
1330-1400 Daily Kazakh
17690 500 Central Asia
1400-1500 Daily Arabic
9540 500 Middle East
17770 500 North Africa
1500-1600 Daily Persian
9765 250 West Asia
1500-1530 Daily Dari
11765 500 West Asia
1530-1600 Daily Pashto
11765 500 West Asia
1600-1630 Daily Uzbek
11765 500 West Asia
1630-1730 Daily English
11660 500 West & South Asia
1630-1730 Daily Spanish
13725 250 Europe
1730-1830 Daily French7360 500 North, West & Central Africa
1730-1830 Daily German
9840 250 Europe
1830-1930 Daily English
9750 500 Europe
1930-2030 Daily French
9880 500 North & West Africa
2030-2130 Daily English
9875 500 Asia/Australia
2200-2300 Daily English
11785 500 Americas, Europe
10Turkish jamming of Radio Dengê Welat
A loop recording without any station ID is frequently heard shadowing Radyoya Dengê Gel (see entry for Kurdistan)
playing military-style music, the Turkish national anthem and speeches by Turkey's President Erdogan. It appears to be acounter-broadcast from Turkey. The same broadcast has been carried on the Turksat satellite at 42 degrees East on atransponder which previously carried a feed of the former TRT Arabic mediumwave service. So it would seem that TRT isclosely involved in this jamming operation, which is likely to be using a TRT shortwave transmitter at Emirler.

United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi Media is the official media organisation of the Government of Abu Dhabi. It was established in 2007. It owns
the shortwavw transmitters at Dhabbaya which are operated and maintained by Encompass Digital Media Services Ltd.
The UAE (or any of the Emirates) do not have any shortwave radio stations themselves.
International relays on shortwave
Shortwave relays from the Dhabbaya Transmitting Station
The Dhabbaya Transmitting Station is owned by Abu Dhabi Media and operated and maintained by Encompass DigitalMedia Services Ltd.
Transmitter site: Dhabbaya.
Notes One of the five ENC-DMS units in Al Dhabbiya-UAE is always oddly aligned on xxxxx.1 kHz
HFCC registrations for some Radio Free Asia relays from Dhabbaya indicate a power of 500 kW, as shown below.
HFCC registrations also include submissions made by Abu Dhabi Media, but these are not on air and not shown below.
Time/UTC
Days
StationLanguagekHz
kW Target Area
0030-0130 Daily
Radio Free Asia
Burmese9580 500 Burma
11705 250 Burma
0200-0215 Mon
FEBA Pakistan
Punjabi/Urdu
9540 250 Pakistan
0200-0215 Tue
FEBA Pakistan
Sindhi/Punjabi
9540 250 Pakistan
0200-0230 We/Th/Sa/Su FEBA Pakistan
Urdu
9540 250 Pakistan
0200-0245 Fri
FEBA Pakistan
Pashto9540 250 Pakistan
0215-0230 Mon
FEBA Pakistan
Saraiki/Urdu
9540 250 Pakistan
0215-0230 Tue
FEBA Pakistan
Patwari/Saraiki
9540 250 Pakistan
0230-0300 Daily
Radio Sadaye Zindagi
Dari9895 250 Afghanistan0245-0300 Fri
FEBA Pakistan
Urdu
9540 250 Pakistan
0300-0330 Daily
BBC
Pashto13850 250 Afghanistan
0330-0345 Sun/Mon
TWR Africa
Amharic
9655 250 Horn of Africa
0330-0345 Tue
TWR Africa
Oromo
9655 250 Horn of Africa
0330-0345 Thu
TWR Africa
Sidamo9655 250 Horn of Africa
0400-0430 Daily
BBC
Somali
17745 250 Horn of Africa
0400-0700 Daily
Radio Mashaal
Pashto15365 250 Afghanistan/Pakistan
0500-0600 Daily
BBC
English21560 250 East Africa
0500-0600 Sat
BBC
Rwanda-Rundi
21660 250 African Great Lakes
0529-0600 Sun
BBCRwanda-Rundi
21660 250 African Great Lakes
0830-1030 Daily
Radio Sadaye Zindagi
Dari
17865 250 Afghanistan
1100-1700 Sat/Sun
BBC
Somali
17745 250 Horn of Africa
1200-1230 Sun-Tue
FEBA - Gaweylon Radio
Tibetan
15215 250 Tibet & environs
1200-1300 Daily
Radio Ergo
Somali
21595 250 Horn of Africa
1250-1330 Mon-Fri
Shan Herald Agency for News Burmese
17720 250 South-East Asia
1300-1400 Daily
BBC
Burmese17515 250 South-East Asia
1300-1400 Daily
Radio Free Asia
Tibetan
17860 500 Tibet & environs
1400-1500 Mon-Fri
BBC
Somali
17745 250 Horn of Africa
1400-1600 Sat
BBCEnglish21470 250 Central Africa
1500-1545 Daily
IBRA Media
Pashto9720 250 Afghanistan
1500-1600 Daily
Radio Free Asia
Tibetan
11975 250 Tibet & environs
Tu/Th/Sa/Su
13720 500 Tibet & environs
Mo/We/Fr
13790 500 Tibet & environs
1500-1700 Daily
WRN Russian
Russian
13650 250 Eastern Europe
1530-1600 Daily
Voice of America
English17530 250 Africa
1600-1630 Daily
IBRA Media
Afar
11655 250 Horn of Africa
1600-1630 Daily
Voice of America
Rwanda-Rundi
15460 250 African Great Lakes
1615-1630 Mon-Wed
IBRA MediaGuragena
9540 250 Horn of Africa
1615-1630 Thu-Sun
IBRA Media
Amharic
9540 250 Horn of Africa
1630-1700 Mon-Fri
Voice of America
English13590 250 Horn of Africa
1630-1700 Mon-Fri
BBC
Rwanda-Rundi
13740 250 African Great Lakes
1630-1700 Daily
IBRA Media
Amharic
9540 250 Horn of Africa
1700-1730 Daily
IBRA Media
Oromo
9630 250 Horn of Africa
1700-1800 Sat
WRN Russian
Russian
13650 250 Eastern Europe
1730-1800 Daily
IBRA Media
Tigrinya9630 250 Horn of Africa
111730-1800
1800-1830
1830-1900
2300-0000

Daily
Sat/Sun
Mon-Fri
Daily

IBRA MediaFEBA Radio
Voice of America
Radio Free Asia

Silt'eTigrinya
Rwanda-Rundi
Tibetan

9750
6035
11825
11700

250
250
250
500

Horn of Africa
Horn of Africa
African Great Lakes
Tibet & environs

Yemen
Since 2011, Yemen has been enduring a political crisis, marked by street protests against poverty, unemployment,
corruption, and President Saleh's plan to amend Yemen's constitution and eliminate the presidential term limit. By 2015,
the country became engulfed by an ongoing civil war with multiple entities vying for governance, including the Presidential
Leadership Council of the internationally recognized government, the Houthi movement's Supreme Political Council, andthe separatist Southern Movement's Southern Transitional Council. This conflict, which has escalated to involve various
foreign powers, has led to a severe humanitarian crisis. (Wikipedia)
As for broadcasting, the BBC News "Yemen Media Guide" explains: "Years of war have left Yemen's media landscapehighly polarised. The overwhelming majority of outlets either firmly support the country's Iran-backed Houthi rebels orstrongly oppose them ... The Houthi seizure of the capital in September 2014 and the subsequent outbreak of war, alongwith the death of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh and the end of his alliance with the Houthis in December 2017,brought massive changes in the media scene and disrupted media operations. Saudi and Emirati military intervention on
the government side has also brought the considerable media resources of both of those countries into play ... Amidst thecontinuing hostilities in Yemen, satellite TV stations remain influential, although their output reflects highly partisan
agendas. Each side operates its own version of the two main channels, Yemen TV and Aden TV. The conflict has also
seen some resurgence of the importance of radio".
On shortwave, the broadcasts that used to come directly from Yemen disappeared several years ago. However, since2015 the has been a station by the name of "Republic of Yemen Radio" that is reportedly coming from Saudi Arabia in
support of the Presidential Leadership Council.
Target broadcasts to Yemen
Republic of Yemen Radio - Radio Sana'a
Chris Greenway reported via DX Listening Digest on 20 October 2015 the existence of a broadcast on shortwave insupport of Yemeni President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. President Hadi was deposed by Houthi rebels in 2014 andsubsequently fled to Saudi Arabia in March 2015. Tarek Zeidan reported an ID from the station on 20 October 2015 as"Huna Sana'a idhaat aljumhuriya alyamaniya al bernamaj al a'am" ("This is Sana'a, Republic of Yemen Radio General
Programme"). According to an online source at the time, the pro-Hadi transmission on shortwave was from Aden, but
based on the fact that Yemen was having problems with power and a lot of blackouts, leaving the greater part of Yemen
without electricity, it must have been coming from a nearby country, presumably Saudi Arabia. Since then the station has
continued to broadcast daily, although it is now believed to operate in support of the Presidential Leadership Council,
after Hadi stepped down in 2022.
Transmitter site: subject to confirmation, but believed to either Riyadh or Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Schedule
Days
Language kHz
0355 sign-on, with a variable evening sign-off (mostly around 2300) Daily
Arabic11935vFrequencies: This station was on 11860 kHz when first reported in 2015 and remained there until March 2024 when it
moved to its current frequency of 11935 kHz.
Noise: Since early August 2023, the audio from Republic of Yemen Radio on 11860 kHz and later 11935 kHz has beenintermittently accompanied by a buzzing-type noise. This is believed to be a transmitter fault. More on this in an article
written by Rob Wagner called 11935 kHz - Strange Goings On!
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting - Arabic Radio
Althought not a direct target broadcast as such, IRIB's Arabic Radio, which is part of the IRIB World Service and provides
a 24/7 service for listeners in the Arab World, now lists most of its shortwave broadcasts as being specifically directed to
Yemen. There are five transmissions currently mentioned by IRIB at https://arabicradio.net/frequencies (which have beencross-referenced with HFCC registrations for A24), with four being targeted at Yemen (the exception being between
0830-1030 but included here for reference). Although programming may be varied, there are likely to be regular features
within the schedule that support the Houthis and focus on the current situation in the country.
Transmitter site: Sirjan, Iran.
Time/UTC Days Language
kHz kW Target area
0600-0830 Daily Arabic
15240 500 Yemen
0830-1030 Daily Arabic
15430 500 Iraq, Syria, the Levant and northern Saudi Arabia
0930-1130 Daily Arabic
15240 500 Yemen
1130-1430 Daily Arabic
15240 500 Yemen
1430-1730 Daily Arabic
9840 500 Yemen
Note: at present some of these broadcasts may have very low modulation making speech unintelligible.

12