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医学部専門予備校英進館

医学部専門予備校 YMS

解答速報

福岡校

医学部進学予備校メビオ

藤田医科大学（後期） 英語

2021年 3月4日実施

࣐࣮ࢡゎ⟅

第１問
第２問
第３問

12

3

4

5

6

(2)

(4)

(1)

(4)

(3)

(3)

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

(7)

(1)

(5)

(2)

(1)

(3)

(3)

(5)

15

16

17

18

19

20

(2)

(1)

(4)

(2)

(1)

(4)

グ㏙ゎ⟅

第４問
ၥႥぬࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ࠊ㐣ཤࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࣐࢘ࢫ࡟ᐇ㝿࡟」ᩘࡢ⮯࠸ࢆႥࡀࡏ࡚ࠊႥ⌫୰㸯ࡢ⣽⬊࡛⏕ࡌࡿ⚄⤒άືࢆほᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ➹⪅ࡓࡕࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊႥ⌫࡟ගࢆ↷ᑕࡋ࡚ࠊ┤᥋⚄⤒άືࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࠕྜᡂ⮯ࠖࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ཯ᛂࢆほᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࠋ(ูゎ)ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ≉ᐃࡢႥぬ่⃭࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ⬻⚄⤒άືࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡀᐇ㝿ࡢໝ࠸ࢆႥࡄࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾច㉳ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡓࡕࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣගࡢ↷ᑕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ច㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࠋၥ㸰࣐࢘ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢྜᡂ⮯ࢆ᳨▱ࡋ࡚⤥Ỉჾࡢ྿ࡁฟࡋཱྀࢆ⯍ࡵࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊỈࢆሗ㓘࡜ࡋ࡚୚࠼ࠊࡇࢀࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࣐࢘ࢫ࡟≉ᐃࡢྜᡂ⮯ࡔࡅ࡟཯ᛂࡋ࡚⯍ࡵࡿືసࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡉࡏࡓࠋၥගࡢ↷ᑕࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢྜᡂ⮯ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊ」ᩘࡢ⣽⬊࡛⏕ࡌࡿ⚄⤒ά㸱ືࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࡝ࡢ⣽⬊ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓ⣽⬊࡟࠾ࡅࡿάᛶ໬ࡢ㡰ᗎࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢྜᡂ⮯ࢆ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛≉ᐃࡢ⮯࠸࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
(ูゎ)ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢྜᡂ⮯ࢆ࣐࢘ࢫࡀ≉ᐃࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊ่⃭࡛άᛶ໬ࡍࡿ⣽⬊άືࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ୰࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ⣽⬊ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡜ࡑࡢ㡰␒ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋၥ㸲↷ᑕࡍࡿගࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆኚ᭦ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟㉳ࡇࡿ⮯࠸ࡢㄆ㆑࡟࠾ࡅࡿኚ໬ࡣẁ㝵ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ⮯࠸ࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡣ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ⚄⤒άືࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ኚ᭦ࢆຍ࠼ࡿ࠿࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋ

ၥ㸳࠾ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

第５問
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

It has long been thought that those drinking one or two drinks a day are at lower risk of strokeor cardiac disease than nondrinkers.
(ูゎ) People who have a drink or two a day have long been thought to have a lower risk ofstroke and heart problems than nondrinkers.
Those with the variants can sometimes exhibit symptoms such as flushing or headaches justafter drinking.
(ูゎ) For those with the variants, drinking alcohol can result in abnormal symptoms such as
quickly turning red or headaches.
The researchers checked how many of those men developed strokes or heart attacks, andcompared them with other subjects without the gene variants.
(ูゎ) The researchers looked at how many of them had strokes or heart attacks, and comparedthem to participants without the variants.
The liquor industry is flourishing, and so it should be regulated the way the tobacco industry
has been.
(ูゎ) The alcohol industry is also thriving and should be regulated in a similar way to thetobacco industry.

ゎㄝ➨ၥ

ᩥἲ࣭ㄒἲ

ၥ 1 (2)keep in contact with ~ ࠕ㹼࡜㐃⤡ࢆ࡜ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࠖ

ၥ 2 (4)“~ I was finally talked out of it by my parents” ࠕ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ୧ぶ࡟ࡑࢀࢆࡸࡵࡿࡼ࠺ㄝᚓࡉࢀࡓࠖ
talk A out of B ࠕA ࢆㄝᚓࡋ࡚ B ࢆࡸࡵࡉࡏࡿࠖ

ၥ 3 (1)“As so often happens”ࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡀࠖ

ၥ 4 (4)The moment S’ V’ ࠕS’ࡀ V’ࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࡄ࡟ࠖ

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ as ࡣ୺᱁ࡢ㛵ಀ௦ྡモ࡛ࠊᚋ⥆ࡍࡿ୺ᩥࡢෆᐜࢆඛ⾜モ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
the moment (ࡲࡓࡣ the instant / the minute ࡞࡝)ࡣ⩌᥋⥆モ࡜ࡋ࡚๪モ⠇ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ၥ 5 (3)“what assignment to give to his students”ࠕ࡝ࢇ࡞ㄢ㢟ࢆ⏕ᚐ࡟୚࠼ࡿ࠿ࠖ

ၥ 6 (3)“You need to take this medicine every day, or you will ~” ࠕࡇࡢ⸆ࢆẖ᪥㣧ࡳ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠊࡉࡶ࡞࠸࡜㹼ࠖwhat ྡモ to do ~ ࠕ࡝ࢇ࡞ྡモࢆ~ࡍࡿ࠿ࠖࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ or ࡣࠊ┤๓࡟࠶ࡿ࿨௧ᩥࡲࡓࡣ⩏ົ࣭ᛅ࿌ࢆ⾲ࡍᩥ࡟⥆ࡅ࡚ࠊࠕࡉࡶ࡞࠸࡜ࠖࡢព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ➨ၥ

ㄒྃᩚᗎ

ၥ 1.

[8]

[7] (7)(1)(She made) almost the same comment about every article(.)

almost the same ~ࠕ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ྠࡌࠥࠖ
ၥ 2.

[9] (5)[10](2)

No matter how much customers annoy him(, he never~.)no matter how ~ ࠕ࡝ࢀ࡯࡝࡛ࠥࡶࠖၥ 3.

[11] (1)

[12]

(3)

They all asked questions of the senator(.)

they all ࠕᙼࡽࡣࡳ࡞ࠖ ask A of B ࠕA ࢆ B ࡟せồࡍࡿࠖၥ 4.

[13] (3)[14](5)(Never) had the audience heard that famous symphony performed (so well.) ྰᐃㄒࡀᩥ㢌࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣಽ⨨ࡀᚲせࠋ that ࡀ㛵ಀモ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᣦ♧ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟ὀពࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ➨㸱ၥෆᐜ୍⮴ၥ 1. (2) negative reactions ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࠿ࡽࠊࢫࢡࣛࣥࢫ࣮࢟ ࡀ་⒪⌧ሙ࡛ࡢᥱᡭࢆ࡞ࡃࡑ࠺࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ 1 ᩥ┠ The blowback was swift. ࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿྰᐃⓗ࡞཯㡪ࡣࡍࡄ࡟㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋḟࡢᩥࡢᩥ㢌࡟ࠊPhysicians complained ~ ࡜࠶ࡾࠊ་ᖌࡓࡕࡀ ࢫࢡࣛࣥࢫ࣮࢟ ࡢ୺ᙇࢆྰᐃⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ၥ 2. (1) There’s going to be a lot of awkwardness as people try to figure out how to greet somebody, how toprofessionally welcome somebody, how to meet your daughter’s boyfriend for the first time.

ࠕㄡ࠿࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᣵᣜࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࠊ௙஦ࡢሙ㠃࡛ேࢆ࡝࠺Ḽᚅࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊፉࡢ࣮࣎࢖ࣇࣞࣥࢻ࡟ึࡵ࡚఍࠺
࡜ࡁ࡟࡝࠺ᑐᛂࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⟅࠼ࢆฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ᫬࡟ࠊ࡜࡚ࡶࡂࡇࡕ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ ḟࡢᩥ(➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ)ࡢᩥ㢌࡟ࠊThis uncertainty ~ ࠕࡇࡢ࠾ࡰࡘ࠿࡞ࡉࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊuncertainty ࡣ
awkwardness ࡢゝ࠸᥮࠼࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ၥ 3. (4)ࠕ6 ࣇ࢕࣮ࢺ㞳ࢀࡓே࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ Zoom ࡛ពᛮ␯㏻ࡍࡿ᫬ࠊಶேⓗ࡞㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼ
ࡾᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿேࡶ࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠋヱᙜࡍࡿୗ⥺㒊(➨ 7 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ)ࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ6 ࣇ࢕࣮ࢺ㞳ࢀࡓே࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ Zoom ୖ࡛⏬㠃ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ே࡜ヰࡍ᫬࡟ࡣࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࠊಶேⓗ࡞㛵ಀࡀࡼࡾᙧᡂࡋ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ 4. (2)ࠕࢫࢡࣛࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡢ⪃࠼࡛ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡓࡕࡣࠊ་ᖌࡓࡕࡀࡑࡢᡭࢆ⮬ศࡢ᪉࡟ఙࡤࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
་ᖌࡓࡕ࡜ᥱᡭࡍࡿ⩏ົࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࢫࢡࣛࣥࢫ࣮࢟ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ✀㢮ࡢᣵᣜ㸦ᥱᡭ㸧ࢆ㑊ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢࡶ࠺
୍ࡘࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊᝈ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ୰࡟᐀ᩍⓗࡶࡋࡃࡣᩥ໬ⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡛ᥱᡭࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ
་ᖌࡀᡭࢆᕪࡋฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣᥱᡭࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿேࡶ࠸ࡿ࡜▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ
ࡔ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ 5. (1)ࠕ་⒪ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ⣙ 33 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡀ㠀᥋ゐࡢᣵᣜࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟཯ᑐࡋࡓࠖࠋ➨ 6 ẁ
ⴠ➨ 4 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ་⒪ᚑ஦⪅ࡓࡕࡢ⣙ 3 ศࡢ 1 ࡀ᢬ᢠࡋࠊ࡜ࡾ
ࢃࡅ་ᖌࠊࡑࡋ࡚⏨ᛶࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᝈ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ࡓࡕࡢ࡯ࡰ඲ဨࡣ་ᖌ࡟ゐࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟㈶ᡂ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ 6. (4)ࠕゐࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣឤ᝟ࢆゝⴥ࡛ఏ࠼ࡿࡼࡾࡶ⡆༢࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸ࠖ
ࠋ➨ 7 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞
ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ៘ࡵࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࢆࣁࢢࡋࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢேࡢ⫪࡟ᡭࢆ⨨ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㐺ษ࡞ゝⴥࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡼࡾࡶ⡆༢࡛⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➨㸲ၥ㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ (ͤ௨ୗゎㄝࡢẁⴠ␒ྕࡣࠊၥ 5 ࡛ẁⴠᤄධࢆ⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛ࡢ␒ྕ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ)ၥ 1. ၥࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣୗ⥺㒊ࠓAࠔࡢ “our study” ࡜ ୗ⥺㒊ࠓBࠔࡢ “previous research” ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼ࡛␗࡞ࡿ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢၥ࠸࡟⟅࠼ࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ୧⪅ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾࡉࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࡲࡎࡣ “our study” ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡛ࡲࡎ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡓࡕࡢ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ࡀࠕ⬻ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ឤぬ⤒㦂ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡢႥぬ࡟╔┠ࠖࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕႥぬࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡣࡓࡽࡃࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾከࡃࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ⚄⤒άືࢆ┤᥋ไᚚࡋࠊ⬻ෆࡢႥぬ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㒊ศ࡟ࠗྜᡂ⮯࠘ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠖࡓ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢᐇ㦂ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⥆ࡃ➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕ࡟࠾࠸ࡣ⬻ෆࡢᴟࡵ࡚≉␗ⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾲ࡉࢀ࡚ࠖ࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠕᅛ᭷ࡢ⮯࠸ࢆႥࡄ࡜࠸࠺ឤぬࢆ⾲ࡍࡢ࡟ࠊ⣽⬊ࡣᅛ᭷ࡢ㡰ᗎ࡛ࠊࡲࡓ≉ᐃࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛Ⓨⅆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ୗ⥺㒊ࠓAࠔࢆྵࡴ➨ 7 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ࠿ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕႥ⌫࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ㡿ᇦࢆ≺ࡗ࡚ࠊගࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ⬻ࡢ⾲㠃࡟↷ᑕࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ➨ 8 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ㸦࠶ࡿ⮯࠸࡟㸧ᑐᛂࡍࡿ⣽⬊άືࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ “previous research” ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ➨ 7 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ㐣ཤࡢ◊✲࡛ࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࡟࠾࠸ࢆႥࡄ࡜ࠊႥ⌫ࡢ୰ࡢ⣽⬊ࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢㄪ࿴ࡋࡓࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡜࠸࠺ᙧࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚Ⓨҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨⅆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡗࡓ࡟࠾࠸࡟཯ᛂࡋ࡚ᅛ᭷ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ
࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ “our study” ࡜ “previous research” ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ 2 ࡘタᐃྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣ࣑ࢡࣟ࡞どⅬ࡛ࠊࠕ⣽⬊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒άືࡀఱ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ
どⅬ࠿ࡽࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊࠕ≉ᐃࡢႥぬ่⃭࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ⬻⚄⤒άືࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ࣐࢘ࢫࡀᐇ㝿ࡢໝ࠸ࢆႥࡄࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾច㉳ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡓࡕࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣගࡢ↷ᑕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ច
㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾ࣐ࢡࣟ࡞どⅬ࡛ࠕႥぬࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ
࡜ࡿ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺どⅬ࠿ࡽࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊࠕႥぬࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ࠊ㐣ཤࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࣐࢘ࢫ
࡟ᐇ㝿࡟」ᩘࡢ⮯࠸ࢆႥࡀࡏ࡚ࠊႥ⌫୰ࡢ⣽⬊࡛⏕ࡌࡿ⚄⤒άືࢆほᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ➹⪅ࡓࡕࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊႥ⌫࡟ගࢆ↷ᑕࡋ࡚ࠊ┤᥋⚄⤒άືࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ࠕྜᡂ⮯ࠖࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊࡑ
ࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ཯ᛂࢆほᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ၥ 2.

㑇ఏᏊ᧯సࡋࡓ࣐࢘ࢫࡢカ⦎࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ➨ 9 ẁⴠ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋカ⦎ࡢෆᐜࢆ௨ୗ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋձ ≉ᐃࡢྜᡂ⮯ࢆឤࡌྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࡣᖖ࡟ࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡀỈࡢ྿ࡁฟࡋཱྀࢆ࡞ࡵࡓࡽሗ㓘࡜ࡋ࡚Ỉࢆࡸࡿ(➨ 9 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ)ղ ≉ᐃࡢྜᡂ⮯ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ᫬ࡢࡳ྿ࡁฟࡋཱྀࢆ࡞ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ௚ࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞ྜᡂ⮯ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࡣ࡞ࡵ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ(ྠ➨ 3 ᩥ)௨ୖࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ゎ⟅ࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡣྜᡂ⮯ࢆឤࡌྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ே㛫࠿ࡽࡣุ᩿࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ྿ࡁฟࡋཱྀࢆ࡞ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࠸࡞࠸࠿࡛ࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡀ≉ᐃࡢྜᡂ⮯ࢆឤࡌྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ 3. ୗ⥺㒊ࠓCࠔ࡟࠾࠸࡚◊✲⪅ࡀィࡋࡓෆᐜࡣࠊ “how much ~ the assigned smell” ࠕ≉ᐃࡢྜᡂ⮯࡟ኚ᭦ࢆຍ࠼ࡓᚋ࡟࣐࢘ࢫࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅ྿ࡁฟࡋཱྀࢆ⯍ࡵ⥆ࡅࡿ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚◊✲⪅ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ “altered which cells were activated or when they activated” ࠕάᛶ໬ࡍ
ࡿ⣽⬊࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡟ኚ໬ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆᛕ㢌࡟ࠊୗ⥺㒊௨㝆ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡎࠊ➨ 13 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋ “~ by measuring how mice changed their licking as ~, wewere able to understand which combinations of cells within the pattern were important for identifying thesynthetic smell.” ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠊࠕගࡢ↷ᑕࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿ㝿࡟࣐࢘ࢫࡀ྿ࡁฟࡋཱྀࢆ⯍ࡵࡿ⾜Ⅽࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚࢃࡿࡢ࠿ࢆィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢྜᡂ⮯ࡢ≉ᐃ࡟㔜せ࡞⣽⬊ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࢆゎ⟅ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ➨ 14 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ~ 2 ᩥ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋ “The precise combination of cells activated was crucial. But
just as important was when they are activated in an ordered sequence” ࡜࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠊࠕάᛶ໬ࡍࡿ⣽⬊ࡢṇ☜࡞⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀ㔜せࡔࡗࡓࢃࡅࡔࡀࠊྠᵝ࡟㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊᡤᐃࡢ㡰␒࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸ࡘ⣽⬊ࡀάᛶ໬ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕ⣽⬊ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࠖ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊࠕάᛶ໬ࡢ㡰␒ࠖࡶ㔜せ࡞࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ゎ⟅ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ၥ 4. ୗ⥺㒊ࠓDࠔࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠊࠕࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ࡢ࡟࠾࠸ࡣࠊᑡ㔞ࡢࣂࢽࣛࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡶࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟㆑ูྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠋࡇࢀࡣ┤๓ࡢ “~ you can still recognize similar smells by the similarity in thepatterns” ࠕ⚄⤒άືࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚㢮ఝࡋࡓໝ࠸ࢆ㆑ู࡛ࡁࡿࠖࢆලయ໬ࡋࡓ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥࡢᩥ㢌(➨ 17 ẁⴠෑ㢌)࡟ “So” ࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ஦ᐇࡀ
ᑟࡁฟࡉࢀࡓཎᅉࡣࠊ➨ 16 ẁⴠ࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ➨ 1 ~ 2 ᩥࡀ㐣ཤᙧ࡛᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡓࡵࠊࡇࡇࡀᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ➨ 1 ᩥࡢ “Changes in recognition were graded, and notdrastic” ࠕ(ྜᡂ⮯ࡢ)ㄆ㆑࡟࠾ࡅࡿኚ໬ࡣẁ㝵ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄆ㆑ࡣᴟ➃࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ࠊ➨ 2 ᩥ “In fact, the degrees to which the smell was recognized was proportional to the degree inthe pattern.” ࠕᐇ㝿ࠊ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟࠾࠸ࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ⚄⤒άືࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ኚ᭦ࢆຍ࠼
ࡿ࠿࡟ẚ౛ࡋࡓࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

ၥ 5. ᤄධࡍ࡭ࡁẁⴠࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ୍㐃ࡢ཯ᛂࡢึᮇ࡟άᛶ໬ࡋࡓ⣽⬊ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࠊᚋᮇ࡟άᛶ໬ࡋࡓ⣽⬊ࡼࡾࡶ࡟࠾࠸ࡢุู࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ⣽⬊ࡀάᛶ໬ࡍࡿ㡰␒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࢆ᥈ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ “It turned out that” ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┤๓࡟ࡣලయⓗ࡞ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࠙࠶ࠚ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࠊ➹⪅ࡢ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ࡀྜᡂ⮯ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇ㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ୙㐺ࠋ࠙࠸ࠚ➨ 6 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࠊ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓග㑇ఏᏛࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୙㐺ࠋ࠙࠺ࠚ➨ 8 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᐇ㦂࡜➹⪅ࡢᐇ㦂ࡢ┦㐪Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୙㐺ࠋ࠙࠼ࠚ➨ 10 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࠊྜᡂ⮯ࡀᐇ㝿ࡢႥぬ࡜㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿᳨ドࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୙㐺ࠋ࠙࠾ࠚ➨ 14 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࠊ⣽⬊ࡢάᛶ໬ࡢ㡰ᗎࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྜᡂ⮯ࡀุู࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀṇ⟅࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࠙࠿ࠚ➨ 18 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࠊ➹⪅ࡢ௒ᚋࡢᐇ㦂ࡢᒎᮃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୙㐺ࠋ➨㸳ၥ㛗ᩥ୰࿴ᩥⱥヂၥ 1. ࠕ୍᪥࡟࠾㓇ࢆ 1, 2 ᮼ㣧ࡴேࡓࡕࡣࠊ࠾㓇ࢆ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡼࡾࡶ⬻༞୰ࡸᚰ⮚⑓ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀప࠸
࡜㛗ࡽࡃ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠖᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕ࠾㓇ࢆ㣧ࡴࠖ have a drinkࠊࠕ࠾㓇ࢆ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸ேࠖ nondrinkerࠊࠕ⬻༞୰ࠖstrokeࠊࠕ୍᪥࡟ࠖ a day / per day ࡞࡝ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠕᚰ⮚⑓ࠖcardiac disease / heart problem /heart diseaseࠊࠕ㹼ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀప࠸ࠖbe at low risk of ~ / have a low risk of ~ࠊࠕ㹼࡜㛗ࡽࡃ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࠖIt has long been thought that ~ / ~ have long been thought to ࠋၥ 2. ࠕࡑࡢኚ␗ࢆᣢࡘே࡟ࡣࠊ࠾㓇ࢆ㣧ࡴ࡜ࠊࡍࡄ࡟㢦ࡀ㉥ࡃ࡞ࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㢌ࡀ③ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ␗≧ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ
ᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕኚ␗ࠖ variant ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠕࡍࡄ࡟㢦ࡀ㉥ࡃ࡞ࡿࠖ flushing just after
drinking / quickly turning redࠊࠕ㢌ࡀ③ࡃ࡞ࡿࠖ headacheࠊࠕ㹼࡞࡝ࡢ␗≧ࠖ (abnormal) symptoms suchas ~ࠊࠕ㹼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ ~ can (sometimes) ~ / it often happens that ~ࠋၥ 3. ࠕ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ⏨ᛶࡢෆࡢఱே࠿ࡀ⬻༞୰ࡸᚰ⮚Ⓨసࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࠊᙼࡽࢆ㑇ఏᏊኚ␗ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸⿕㦂⪅࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠖᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࠖ the researchersࠊࠕᚰ⮚Ⓨసࠖ heart attackࠊࠕㄪ࡭ࡿࠖ checkࠊࠕ㑇ఏᏊࠖ geneࠊࠕ⿕㦂⪅ࠖ participantࠊࠕ͐ࢆ㹼࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠖcompare ͐ with / to ~࡞࡝ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ၥ 4. ࠕ㓇㐀⏘ᴗࡶ⦾ᰤࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢱࣂࢥ⏘ᴗ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛つไࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡔࠖࠕ㓇㐀⏘ᴗࠖthe liquor industry / the alcohol industryࠊࠕ⦾ᰤࡍࡿࠖflourish / thriveࠊࠕࢱࣂࢥ⏘ᴗࠖthetobacco industryࠊࠕ㹼࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࠖthe way ~ / as ~ / in a similar way to ~ࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨㅮホ
➨ 1 ၥ㹙ᩥἲ 4 ᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ᩥἲ࣭࢖ࢹ࢕࣒࢜ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆၥ࠺ᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࠋ➨ 2 ၥ㹙ㄒྃᩚᗎ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࡸࡸ᫆໬ࡋࡓࠋཷ㦂ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ▱㆑࡛⣲┤࡟ゎ⟅࡛ࡁࡿၥ㢟ࡀከ࠸ࠋ➨ 3 ၥ㹙ෆᐜ୍⮴㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕࢥࣟࢼ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ⚝࡟࠾ࡅࡿᥱᡭ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㌟యⓗ᥋ゐࡢ᫝㠀ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ2020 ᖺᗘࡢරᗜ་⛉኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶฟ㢟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢫࢡࣛࣥࢫ࣮࢟ᩍᤵࡢ◊✲ࡀ୍㒊ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᶆ‽ⓗ࡞Ⰻၥࠋ➨ 4 ၥ㹙㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧ࠕග㑇ఏᏛࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓႥぬ◊✲ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ་Ꮫ⣔ࡢⱥᩥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ๓ᮇ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ㄞࡳࡸࡍ࠸ࡀࠊᐇ㦂ࡢ඲ᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢࡣࡸࡸ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋཧ↷ࡍ࡭ࡁ⟠ᡤࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡉ࡯࡝ᅔ㞴࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

➨ 5 ၥ㹙࿴ᩥⱥヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ㐺㔞ࡢ㣧㓇ࡀ೺ᗣ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍ฼┈࡟ᑐࡍࡿ␲ᛕࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋⱥᩥ୰࡟⏝ពࡉࢀࡓ࿴ᩥࢆⱥヂࡍࡿၥ㢟ࠋ་Ꮫ⣔ࡢෆᐜࠋ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ⱥᩥࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀせồࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄒᙡࡶᖹ࡛᫆ࠊⱥᩥ୰ࡢ⾲⌧ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࢀࡤᅔࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ

࣐࣮ࢡ㒊ศࡣ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᫖ᖺᗘᚋᮇࡼࡾࡶࡸࡸ᫆໬ࠋグ㏙㒊ศࡢฟ᮶࡛ᕪࡀࡘࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 60㸣

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