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4 XYZ["3/4>\ 6*]^ IL t"BC tmax  +  @_῏῍  `a(Ib h"79 cῐ- A defg hi8jk

 FAO <+333= 012 Gregory <+323= A1Pl

U "3/456789
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Uh:UU;<UmaxU
U=ῌcos ,p

ILTU BC"m9 

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! Ur " - 4BC ῍FA(n KLA (op"79`

qr stuv(TUw8`(/

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S(TU9  ῌ 6f}aXYZ["~4]^
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HArῌcos ,p H  + ῐ῍  Ar  + 
 t max  + h &'( )*

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85

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Rnl

Wm, (AZPQ 1Jury and Horton, ,**0 #u2(RnRnsRnl1+a2St1esRldRlu2ῑ῍ a #! %& )&'  St *!

W m, es h#! %

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 Rld %,`'!

K*LM",NKN*O0PQ( R῔.

1h#! 2 W m, Rlu % 1,`2 ,!qQ'!

STD*<= + $.,ῐ CO0WB
 ῍

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Hr  , <OY - AZ[&\/B( ]^_DE Hr-  ``aT Ob  bcQ Hr DE
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1h#! 2-D $.*<=*!

 efῌegXbhgSt  " ¡&+AZPQ 1Campbell, +3212(
Stmax1Gsc Tt sin e*2 Gsc %j(W m, &'(ῒ῍%¢*£¤*.

'#! / 10 +,-00 Wm,2  "1OrQZb(VBW# ,ῌ +ῌ,  G #Tt ,2¥  X0 ,¦§ / 1¨H& ]^_ij#&k/ZW&© /2 * AZ Uª*%*3" /«E

@AB( O0l#&bmF!n"op#ῒ Ce e " rad &A ¬CX( ῍qQZb 1Pr Ephrath et al., +3302( AA st

PQ 1Monteith and Unsworth, +33*2(

 Sg.* AZ uvS]^_ u$..w#bxy X0ΐ῍t* 4e$%&'( #< "­® "­5-ῌ, ῎ῐ῍~^C 1ῌ C2 !

῏ῌ.

,p1tt*2,.

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86

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234($ 56,789

:;<= 8&>?

@A' B   !"#%&'(+ 

RnltVeseasT.aessTs.

XX7 wΐ῍! s E a E v''L

G(+  es  .C

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> i(+ ./(7 L

*.. EOP$RS4'LG($ G9'2

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and Hillel, +310  $ 7 van Bavel and Hillel($ OP$GQ8RS4'LG(

(TJUG-+

+310

Noborio et al., +330b ; van Bavel and Hillel, +310 + 7 van Bavel and Hillel +310

q*W*.+

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῎XX7 q*  YZC> [m- m-\ 7/(+῏ 7 ]^LG(7$ *.3 ,῎ῑ  (E ]^/(G_`a7῍"YZC>$ *../ 

b7/D cda7YZC>"# DefE $ *.32 ED ]^E"7 *.+ ghi(+ jkl=m$/(01 jk!G$(+$"LG(v8&)

v

l=mnoi(JKG(XE$,G$ pE' l=m$G01  "qrslG

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JKEL%&'(+   "7¡¢( v8

ῐ  u-r  "It) Rnl  ῍

8& v EwI

 v8& )

vc>?vE# 8&v ea v !_!&) $%$"$ +** m/(£x

8& 7/D 3* $"$ + km/(£x87%&'(+ /( ! T K  Y8&)& 7/( Monteith and Unsworth, +33*+    ῌ [W m,\  xyz{|}~-$¤L

|    e JKEL%&'(&$8'

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Brutsaerts, +31/    Brutsaert +31/  



87-,/ K ! Brutsaert "#!)*·/-

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A!"#! *:-ῌ- ῒ῕ῌ῔῕ῐῑ῏῍῎+ῌ1

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ea+.,.ῌ῎῍A ῌ  !-`p^ #!"# #!2<-,- Ta  !"#!$ %K& ' (ῑd/  Brutsaert +31/ "#!)*+, )*$ E  p-d l!V;/

"#$-.!

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23 4!'/ 01.+* /* 56 3*ῑ !789 )*"#$!-: ;/ ea #$!<=-->
 "#.!<=--> 3!?2<=,
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FGH- + IDJ-KLMA' `p^ H -and Gurney, +320
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TsTa
rH

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K+& Ts 56 Ta 3 4 56"#!$IYWX!Z[-I[\/ ]ID^_`%K& rH ' !(¡G¢£ %s m+& rvs abV:WX:c d   DOY-** ef

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2 3 lm!nD5 E WX?gK?!

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oAp!?-3!Ivwx;/2 D`p^¢£: 3!ª«¬­pB

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gK?}- !r@ Saito et al.

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88

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L zm Q  ARS+ #L,ATS+QUVW Campbell, +321 XY+Z[\]^_A`abV 2%&Q#L+ ῑ ῍zref d zH῏ΐra , lnY ῌ
ῐ H῔uk ῒ ῎zH) DbV F+,-KL zHῑln῍zref d zm῏ Y ΐ
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%v7+*wFῌxFyWz{|}2~[+)* +,-./'01234

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!m" u&'( !m"῍ῌ cd+Le567+*89:;<=>?@./'#$A* s<2BQi+,bV GHIJ

)BC- zH  zm

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DEF+,-./' GHIJ KL !m" YH  Ym
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?GRº¥» : 4+u ῌª¼1S

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van de Griend and Owe+33.  24|6]3x47]J 2+ ῑ ῍zref῏
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ln
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+H2) +3- * Ri  L

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and Gurney, +320 >I=?G Kondo et al.,")+MN. van de Griend and Owe,

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ῑ ῍zref῏(Y ΐῒ ῎ zm ῐ m῔

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