SAT I: Reasoning Test
Saturday, October 2001

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SAT ® I: Reasoning Test — General Directions
Timing••••••

You will have three hours to work on this test.
There are five 30-minute sections and two 15-minute sections.
You may work on only one section at a time.
The supervisor will tell you when to begin and end each section.
If you finish a section before time is called, check your work on that
section. You may NOT turn to any other section.
Work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Don't waste
time on questions that seem too difficult for you.

Marking Answers
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Carefully mark only one answer for each question.
Make sure each mark is dark and completely fills the oval.
Do not make any stray marks on your answer sheet.
If you erase, do so completely. Incomplete erasures may be scoredas intended answers.
Use only the answer spaces that correspond to the question
numbers.
For questions with only four answer choices, an answer marked in
oval E will not be scored.
Use the test book for scratchwork, but you will not receive credit foranything written there.
You may not transfer answers to your answer sheet or fill in ovals
after time has been called.
You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from thisbook, or take the book or answer sheet from the testing room.

Scoring••••

For each correct answer, you receive one point.
For questions you omit, you receive no points.
For a wrong answer to a multiple-choice question, you lose a fractionof a point.
䉴
If you can eliminate one or more of the answer choices aswrong, however, you increase your chances of choosing thecorrect answer and earning one point.
䉴
If you can't eliminate any choice, move on. You can return tothe question later if there is time.
For a wrong answer to a math question that is not multiple-choice,
you don't lose any points.

IMPORTANT: The codes below are unique to yourtest book. Copy them on your answer sheet in boxes 8
and 9 and fill in the corresponding ovals exactly as
shown.

8. Form Code

A

A

0

0

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B

B

1

1

1

C

C

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2

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D

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3

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G

G

6

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7

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I

I

8

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J

J

9

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K

K

L

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N

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Q

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R

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U

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9. Test Form

The passages for this test have been adapted from published material. The
ideas contained in them do not necessarily represent the opinions of theCollege Board or Educational Testing Service.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOK UNTIL THE
SUPERVISOR TELLS YOU TO DO SO.
UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR USE OF ANY PART OF THIS TEST IS PROHIBITED.

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Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SECTION 1
Time — 30 minutes
30 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneath thesentence are five words or sets of words labeled A throughE. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in
the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as awhole.

4. During the 1990’s, Shanghai benefited from an architectural -------, the result of a dramatic increase ininnovative and artistic building.

Example:5. Many subatomic nuclear particles are ------- andnearly -------: they are hard to track as well as
to detect.

(A) intransigence(D) stagnation

Medieval kingdoms did not become constitutional
republics overnight; on the contrary, the change
was -------.
(A) unpopular (B) unexpected(C) advantageous(D) sufficientA(E) gradual

B

C

D

(B) plenitude(C) desecration(E) renaissance(A) unstable . . explosive(B) elusive . . imperceptible(C) minute . . immobile(D) charged . . reactive(E) tenuous . . indivisibleE

1. Much of our knowledge of dinosaurs comes fromexcavated bones, which, in ------- other clues such as
fossilized tracks and eggs, help us to ------- theevolution of these creatures.

6. Luisa worked with extreme precision, ------- thatserved her well in her law career.
(A) a meticulousness (B) an effrontery(C) an inhibition(D) a litigiousness(E) an impetuousness(A) convergence with . . supplant(B) divergence from . . decode(C) dependence on . . belie(D) opposition to . . amplify(E) conjunction with . . trace

7. The crafty child tricked his innocent brother, a particularly ------- and trusting boy, into committing amischievous prank.
(A) guileless(B) intrusive(C) astute(D) opportunistic(E) circumspect

2. Responding to criticism that the script was ramblingand -------, the new screenwriter revised the dialogue
for greater succinctness and -------.

8. Ellen Ochoa’s ------- with the apparatus in the space
shuttle Discovery was apparent when she adroitly
manipulated the shuttle’s robot arm.

(A) engaging . . simplicity(B) subjective . . ambiguity(C) muddled . . clarity(D) terse . . emptiness(E) difficult . . abstraction(A) compromise(B) humility(D) synergy(E) deftness(C) machinations

9. In 1916 Yellowstone National Park had only 25 bison,but the population has since ------- to more than 2,000.

3. Vernal pools are among the most ------- of ponds: they
form as a result of snowmelt and a high water table inwinter, and then they ------- by late summer.

(A) dispersed(B) mediated(C) attenuated(D) burgeoned (E) reconciled(A) transitory . . expand(B) anachronistic . . overflow(C) immutable . . drain(D) itinerant . . teem(E) ephemeral . . evaporate

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12. CALLIGRAPHY : HANDWRITING ::(A) photography : film(B) stenography : speech(C) pottery : clay(D) embroidery : needlework(E) loom : weaving

Each question below consists of a related pair of words
or phrases, followed by five pairs of words or phrases
labeled A through E. Select the pair that best expresses a
relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.
Example:CRUMB : BREAD ::(A) ounce : unit(B) splinter : wood(C) water : bucket(D) twine : rope(E) cream : butter

A

B

C

D

13. DESPICABLE : SCORN ::(A) resourceful : cleverness(B) correctable : error(C) eligible : qualification(D) laughable : respect(E) noteworthy : attention

E

14. LANDSCAPE : PAINTING ::(A) biography : life(B) cartoon : newspaper(C) canvas : easel(D) ventriloquism : voice(E) anthem : song

10. BROOM : DIRT ::(A) chimney : soot(B) mop : floor(C) rake : leaves(D) shovel : hole(E) hammer : fragments

15. STREAMLINE : COMPLEXITY ::(A) improve : efficiency(B) deliver : destination(C) corrupt : impurity(D) stretch : elasticity(E) depreciate : value

11. BURNER : COOK ::(A) lampshade : brighten(B) furnace : fuel(C) boat : float(D) freezer : thaw(E) fan : ventilate

8-3-Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

Each passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or impliedin each passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 16-21 are based on the following passage.

16. The author presents examples in lines 7-8 in order to(A) illustrate the variety of activities in which animals
engage(B) suggest that appearances of happiness are
deceptive(C) evoke images of contentment(D) support an apparently implausible argument(E) arouse nostalgic longings

The following passage is from a 1994 collection of essays
about animals, written by a poet, philosopher, and animal
trainer.

Line
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

The question that comes first to my mind is this: Whatwould it mean to say that an animal has the right to the
pursuit of happiness? How would that come about, and in
relationship to whom?
In speaking of “animal happiness,” we often tend tomean something like “creature comforts.” The emblems ofthis are the golden retriever rolling in the grass, the horsewith his nose deep in the oats, kitty by the fire. Creature
comforts are important to animals: “Grub first, then ethics”
is a motto that would describe many a wise Labrador
retriever, and I have a bull terrier named Annie whose
continual quest for the perfect pillow inspires her to
awesome feats. But there is something more to animals,
something more to my Annie, a capacity for satisfactions
that come from work in the full sense —something
approximately like what leads some people to insist thatthey need a career (though my own temperament is suchthat I think of a good woodcarver or a dancer or a poetsooner than I think of a business executive when I
contemplate the kind of happiness enjoyed by an1
accomplished dressage horse). This happiness, like theartist’s, must come from something within the animal,
something trainers call talent, and so cannot be imposedon the animal. But at the same time it does not arise in a
vacuum; if it had not been a fairly ordinary thing in one
part of the world at one point to teach young children toplay the harpsichord, it is doubtful that Mozart’s music
would exist. There are animal versions, if not equivalents,of Mozart, and they cannot make their spontaneous
passions into sustained happiness without education, any
more than Mozart could have.
Aristotle identified happiness with ethics and with work,
unlike Thomas Jefferson, who defined happiness as“Indolence of Body; Tranquility of Mind,” and thus what I
call creature comforts. Aristotle also excluded as unethicalanything that animals and artists do, for reasons that lookwholly benighted to me. Nonetheless, his central insights
are more helpful than anything else I know in beginningto understand why some horses and dogs can only bedescribed as competent, good at what they do, and therefore happy. Not happy because leading lives of pleasure,but rather happy because leading lives in which the sensation of getting it right, the “click,” as of the pleasure thatcomes from solving a puzzle or surmounting something,is a governing principle.

17. The motto in line 9 indicates that animals(A) are much more intelligent than many people
believe(B) have been forced to develop keen survival skills(C) desire consistency in their daily lives(D) enjoy close relationships with human beings(E) are concerned primarily with immediate physicalgratification
18. Which of the following statements is most consistent
with the author’s discussion of “temperament” inlines 17-21?
(A) The author believes a poet can be successful inbusiness.
(B) The author considers artistic pursuits to be themost personally fulfilling of all endeavors.
(C) The author suspects that a busy life can have its
own rewards.
(D) The author believes that few people are eversatisfied with the jobs they have chosen.
(E) The author considers subjectivity and selfknowledge to be critical to human gratification.
19. The author’s discussion of Mozart in lines 25-28
primarily emphasizes the(A) role of social circumstances in the emergence of amusical genius(B) fact that young children are sometimes pushed toexcel(C) observation that genius was more common in thepast than it is today(D) belief that the harpsichord was the ideal musicalinstrument for Mozart’s early talent(E) pleasure that artists derive from achievement

91

Dressage is a complex series of movements signaled to a horse by its
rider.

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21. Which situation most accurately illustrates the author’s
definition of a happy animal?

20. In line 30, “passions” most nearly means(A) love affairs(B) violent outbursts(C) enthusiasms(D) prejudices(E) sufferings(A) A bird finding its one lifetime mate(B) A dog herding sheep into a pen(C) A horse being carefully groomed for a show(D) A monkey escaping from a city zoo(E) A cat caring devotedly for her kittens

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Questions 22-30 are based on the following passage.
This passage was written in 1996 after the discovery ofa meteorite that appeared to contain fossil evidence of
microscopic life on Mars.
The rock that sprang to Martian “life” late last summer
did not shock me by offering up apparent fossils of an extinct
alien form of life. I had long believed that the universe teems
Line with life elsewhere, and that our failure to find it simply
5 results from a lack of exploration. What did amaze me about
the potato-size rock that fell from Mars was that it had traveled millions of miles across space to land here, blasted
from world to world by a planetary collision of the sort that
purportedly killed off our dinosaurs, and had lain waiting
10 for millennia upon an Antarctic ice field, until an observant
young woman traveling in an expedition party picked it up,
because she figured that it had come from another world.
How could she know such a thing?
The composition of ALH 84001, as the much scruti15 nized rock is designated, closely matches the makeup
of Martian matter that was analyzed on site in 1976 byminiature chemistry laboratories aboard two Viking
Mars landers. As a result of this positive identification,no astronomer seriously doubts the meteorite’s Martian
20 origin. Researchers think they have pinpointed its former
resting place to just two possible sites —a region called
Sinus Sabaeus, fourteen degrees south of the Martianequator, or a crater east of the Hesperia Planitia region.
The bold precision of this assessment is for me the most
25 stunning surprise dealt by the rock from Mars —even moremind-boggling than the suggestive traces of something thatmight once have lived and died in its microscopic fissures.
I cannot resist comparing this new intimacy with our solar
system to the shoebox diorama of the planets I designed for
30 my grade-school science fair. I used marbles, jack balls,
and Ping-Pong balls, all hanging on strings and painted
different colors, all inside a box representing our solar
system. This crude assortment of materials allowed areasonable representation of what was known 40 years
35 ago about the nine planets: Mars was red and had two
moons; Jupiter dwarfed the other planets (I should haveused a basketball but it wouldn’t fit in the box); Saturn
had rings. If my school-age daughter were to attempt sucha construction today, she’d need handfuls of jelly beans
40 and gum balls to model the newly discovered satellites of
the giant planets. She’d want rings around Jupiter, Uranus,
Neptune, too, not to mention a moon for Pluto.
Similarly, our solar system, once considered unique,now stands as merely the first known example of a
45 planetary system in our galaxy. Since October of 1995,
astronomers at ground-based observatories in Europe
and the United States have announced that they’ve foundevidence of at least seven alien planets orbiting other stars.
As yet, not one of these large planets —some of which
50 are many times the mass of Jupiter —has actually been
seen through a telescope; we know about them indirectly
through the gravitational effects they exert on their parent
stars. Yet, even though we have no picture of what theylook like, enough information has been deduced about

their atmospheric conditions to grant the nickname
Goldilocks to a planet attending the star 70 Virginis,
an appellation suggesting that the cloud-top temperatureis “just right,” as the storybook Goldilocks would say, forthe presence of liquid water. Liquid water, not known to
60 exist anywhere in our solar system now except on Earth,is thought crucial to biological life; thus, only a shortleap of faith is needed to carry hopeful scientists fromthe presence of water to the existence of extraterrestrial
life. To raise the specter of the Mars rock once again,
65 the primitive life-forms that pressed their memory inside
it likewise suggest an era when dry-as-dust Mars was awet world, where rivers flowed.
55

22. In lines 5-12, the author suggests that the expeditionist’s discovery of the meteorite was surprising
primarily because it(A) defied scientists’ doubts that such an object
could reach Earth(B) occurred after her party had given up any hopeof success(C) resulted from a seemingly unlikely sequence of
events(D) provided evidence to contradict a long-standing
scientific theory(E) led to an unprecedented degree of scrutiny
23. In line 15, “designated” most nearly means(A) drawn(B) called(C) stipulated(D) selected(E) allocated
24. The author considers the researchers’ conclusion“bold” (line 24) primarily because it(A) daringly offers two conflicting answers toa single question(B) firmly supports a young geologist’s tentative
theory(C) confidently uses a small piece of evidence tobuild an exact hypothesis(D) courageously defies a conventional interpretationof Antarctic evidence(E) defiantly espouses an unpopular theory about
comets in our solar system

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28. The reasoning process presented in lines 49-53(“As . . . stars”) is best described as

25. The author uses the phrase “this new intimacy” (line 28)
to refer to the(A) inference based on an untested theory(B) extrapolation from similar situations(C) analysis of a single case by multiple observers(D) hypothesis confirmed by direct observation(E) comparison of theory with physical evidence(A) hands-on quality of the learning experience represented by the shoebox diorama(B) understanding that nonspecialists now have about
meteorological phenomena(C) general acceptance of the theory that biologicallife once existed on Mars
(D) increased knowledge that scientists have about
our solar system(E) way that events on one planet affect those on
another

29. In lines 53-59 the author refers to the Goldilocks fairy
tale (“Yet . . . water”) in order to make which point
about a particular planet?
(A) The planet’s environment may be conducive
to a result some scientists are eager to find.
(B) The planet’s atmosphere was once thought
to be too cold to support biological life.
(C) The simple methods astronomers used to
discover the features of this planet resemble the explorations of curious children.
(D) Scientists’ wishful speculations about theexistence of this planet deserve little morecredence than a fairy tale.
(E) Only after much trial and error did astronomers
determine the precise location of this planet.

26. In line 33, “crude” most nearly means(A) natural and unaltered(B) rough and inexpert(C) obvious(D) vulgar(E) nonspecific
27. In line 42, the author refers to Pluto’s moon most likely
in order to(A) illustrate a feature of our solar system discovered
since the author’s childhood(B) cite an object too small in scale to have been
included in the author’s diorama(C) draw a parallel between it and our own moon(D) contrast the scientific curiosity of today’s children
with that of children years ago(E) emphasize the need for a greater commitment tospace exploration

30. Which of the following, if true, would the “hopefulscientists” (line 62) most likely interpret as evidenceof the potential for life on Mars?
(A) Mars was affected by the same planetary collisionthat caused the extinction of dinosaurs.
(B) Mars had a very mild atmospheric temperature
millions of years ago.
(C) Mars had a wet environment at one time in thepast.
(D) The rock that fell from Mars resembled rocks
found on the Antarctic ice field.
(E) The rock that fell from Mars had very few
microscopic fissures.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

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SECTION 2
Time — 30 minutes
25 Questions
Directions: In this section solve each problem, using any available space on the page for scratchwork. Then decide
which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
Notes:
1. The use of a calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers.

Reference Information

2. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

r
A = pr 2

C = 2 prlw
A = lwhhb
A = 1– bh
2

l

r
h

w

c

b

2x
30°

a

V = lwhV = pr 2hc2 = a2 + b2

√3 x

60° x s 45° √2 s
45°

s

Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

1. If 2 x + 4 x + 6 x = −24, then x =(A) −288
(B)

−2

(C)

−

1
2

(D)

1
2

(E)

2

2. According to the chart above, Company XYZ experienced its largest increase in monthly profits between
which two consecutive months?
(A) January and February(B) February and March(C) March and April(D) April and May(E) May and June

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10

3. If 7n

1 cup = 8 ounces
10 ounces = 60 teaspoons= 7 × 7 , what is the value of n ?

(A) 10
(B) 9
(C) 7
(D) 5
(E) 3

6. Based on the information above, how many teaspoons
1
are equivalent to cup?
4(A) 12(B) 10
(C) 8
(D) 6
(E) 4

4. Each month, a telephone service charges a base rateof $10.00 and an additional $0.08 per call for the first
40 calls and $0.04 for every call after that. How muchdoes the telephone service charge for a month in which
50 calls are made?
(A) $12.20(B) $12.80(C) $13.60(D) $14.40(E) $17.60

E

0

3

F

0

2

G

0

0

H

0

1

1

3

0

2

7. Each square in the grid above is to be filled with either
1 or 0. Each number to the right of the grid is the sumof the numbers in the row to its left, and each number
below the grid is the sum of the numbers in the column
above it. For example, there is a 0 below the thirdcolumn because the sum of the numbers in that column
is 0. When the 0’s and 1’s are all entered correctly into
the grid, what will row F be?
(A)

F

1

1

0

0

(B)

F

1

0

1

0

(C)

F

0

1

1

0

(D)

F

1

0

0

1

(E)

F

0

1

0

1

5. If 7.5 is x percent of 75, what is x percent of 10 ?
(A) 10(B) 1(C) 0.75(D) 0.1(E) 0.075

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8. If the perimeter of the rectangle above is 72, what isthe value of x ?
11. In the figure above, line l (not shown) is perpendicular
to segment AB and bisects segment AB. Which of thefollowing points lies on line l ?

(A) 9(B) 15(C) 18(D) 21(E) 36

0 5
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 5

(A) 0, 2(B) 1, 3(C) 3, 1(D) 3, 3(E) 3, 6

9. For which of the following lists of 7 numbers is theaverage (arithmetic mean) less than the median?
(A) 1,(B) 3,(C) 5,(D) 5,(E) 5,

2,
4,
5,
6,
6,

3,
5,
5,
7,
7,

8, 9,
8, 11,
8, 11,
8, 9,
8, 9,

10,
12,
11,
10,
10,

11
13
11
11
20
12. If (m - 1)(1 - k ) = 0, which of the following can betrue?
I. m = 1
II. k = 1
III. m = k(A) None(B) I only(C) II only(D) I and II only(E) I, II, and III

10. Wayne would like to buy a school jacket priced at $81,
but the price of the jacket is $59 more than he has. In
which of the following equations does x represent the
number of dollars Wayne has?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

x + 81 = 59
x - 81 = 59
x - 59 = -81
x - 81 = -59
x - 59 = 81

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16. How many of the prime factors of 30 are greater than 2 ?

13. What is the radius of a circle whose circumferenceis π ?

(A) One(B) Two(C) Three(D) Four(E) Five

1
(A)
2
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) π
(E) 2π14. On a map, the length of the road from Town A to
Town B is measured to be 12 inches. On this map,3
inch represents an actual distance of 8 miles. What4is the actual distance, in miles, from Town A to Town
B along this road?
(A) 128(B) 102(C) 96(D) 90(E) 72

17. Point P is the point with the greatest y-coordinate on
the semicircle shown above. What is the x-coordinateof point Q ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

15. In the addition of two 3-digit numbers above, R and T
represent two different digits and the units digit of theanswer is zero. What digit does T represent?
(A) 1
(B) 6
(C) 7
(D) 8
(E) 9

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−3.5
−3
−2.5
−2
−1.5

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a, 2a, bB

18. If the average (arithmetic mean) of the 3 numbers
above is 2 a, what is b in terms of a ?
A 60°

(A) a
(B)

3
a
2

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

5
a
2

(E) 3a

19. The ratio of a to b is 2 to 3, where a and b are
positive. If x equals a increased by 50 percent of aand y equals b decreased by 50 percent of b, what isx
the value of ?
y
(A)

1
3

(B)

2
3

D

C

20. In 䉭 ABC above, the length of AB is 3, and D is
the midpoint of AC. What is the length of BC ?

(C) 2a(D)

60°

3 3 (approximately 5.20)
4 2 (approximately 5.66)
4 3 (approximately 6.93)
6 2 (approximately 8.49)
5 3 (approximately 8.66)

21. A garden has r parallel rows of plants, with 5 plants ineach row. If x plants are added to each row, how many
plants will then be in the garden, in terms of r and x ?
(A) 5rx(B) 5r + x(C) 5r + rx(D) 5r + 5x(E) r + 5 + x

(C) 1
(D)

3
2

(E) 2

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24. For all values of y, let y 夽 be defined byy 夽 = y 2 - 1. Which of the following isequal to ( y 夽) 夽 ?
(A) y

4

−1

(B) y

4

− y2 − 1(C) y 4 + y 2 − 1(D) y 4 − 2 y 2
22. In the figure above, side AC of 䉭 ABC is on line l.
What is x in terms of k ?

(E)

y4 − 2y2 + 1(A) 60 − k(B) k(C) 60 + k(D) 120 − k(E) 120 − 2 k

25. A club is buying boxes of candy bars to sell for a fundraiser. If each box contains c candy bars, and eachmember sells x bars each day, how many boxes areneeded to supply enough candy bars for 3c members
to sell for 5 days?
23. Three lines are drawn in a plane so that there areexactly three different intersection points. Into how
many nonoverlapping regions do these lines divide theplane?

(A) 15c 2 x

x
15
3x
(C)
5
15c 2
(D)
x
(B)

(A) Three(B) Four(C) Five(D) Six(E) Seven(E) 15 x

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

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Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SECTION 3
Time — 30 minutes
25 Questions
Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 30 minutes to complete both types. You may use
any available space for scratchwork.
Notes:
1. The use of a calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers.

Reference Information

2. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

r
A = pr 2

C = 2 prlw
A = lwhhb
A = 1– bh
2

l

r
h

w

c

b

2x

60° x s 45° √2 s

30°a

V = lwhV = pr 2h

45°

s

√3 x

c2 = a2 + b2

Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Directions for Quantitative Comparison Questions
Questions 1-15 each consist of two quantities inboxes, one in Column A and one in Column B.
You are to compare the two quantities and on theanswer sheet fill in oval
A if the quantity in Column A is greater;
B if the quantity in Column B is greater;
C if the two quantities are equal;
D if the relationship cannot be determinedfrom the information given.

EXAMPLES

E1

Column A

Column B

52

20

A

B

C

D

E

30

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

AN E RESPONSE WILL NOT BE SCORED.

150°

Answersx°

Notes:
1. In some questions, information is given about
one or both of the quantities to be compared.
In such cases, the given information is centered
above the two columns and is not boxed.
2. In a given question, a symbol that appears in bothcolumns represents the same thing in Column A as
it does in Column B.
3. Letters such as x, n, and k stand for real numbers.

E2xr and s are integers.
E3

r+1

s−1

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SUMMARY DIRECTIONS FOR COMPARISON QUESTIONS
Answer:A if the quantity in Column A is greater;
B if the quantity in Column B is greater;
C if the two quantities are equal;
D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Column B

Column A

Column A

Point O is the center of a circle. Point P is inside
the circle, and point M is outside the circle.

t is negative.
1.

1tColumn B

1−t

5.

The length of OP

The length of PM

At a book sale, 300 people each bought
at least 1 book. A total of 350 books were sold.
6.
The figure above is a rectangular solid.
2.

The distance from
A to CThe number of people
who each bought morethan 1 book51

The distance from
B to D

3

a ≠ 0
3.

a ×a

7.

a + ( −a )A person is going to pick a marble at random froma bag containing 8 red marbles, 6 white marbles,
2 blue marbles, and no other marbles.
4.

The probability thatthe marble picked will
be red3t = (2 y  10 ) + (3 y  10 )
y > 0
t

n
8.

The probability thatthe marble picked will
be white or blue

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2

5 y  103

> 10, and n is a positive integer.
n

3

50

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SUMMARY DIRECTIONS FOR COMPARISON QUESTIONS
Answer:A if the quantity in Column A is greater;
B if the quantity in Column B is greater;
C if the two quantities are equal;
D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Column B

Column A

Column A

Column B

n is a positive integer.
13.

9.

The least multiple of 3
that is greater than n

2n - 1y

2x

0r + p5 25 = rx + py for all values of r and p.
10.

2

a −b

14.

a −b

2

For all positive integers n, let+ 1 if n is even.
and letx + y

50

if n is odd,

h > 1

11.
15.

The perimeter of an
equilateral triangle
with height h

The perimeter of an
equilateral triangle
with sides of length hx − y = 7
x − z < 7
12.

y

z

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Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

Directions for Student-Produced Response Questions
Each of the remaining 10 questions requires you to solve the problem and enter your answer by marking the ovals
in the special grid, as shown in the examples below.
7
Answer: 12 or 7 12
Write answer
in boxes.
•

Grid inresult.

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

5
6

Answer: 201
Either position is correct.

Answer: 2.5

Fraction
line

•

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

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4

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6

6

6

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8

8

9

9

9

Decimal
point

•

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

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4

4

4

5

5

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6

6

6

7

7

7

7

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

•

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

4

Note: You may start your answers
in any column, space permitting.
Columns not needed should be left
blank.

Accuracy: If you obtain a decimal• Decimal
answer, enter the most accurate value the grid

• Mark no more than one oval in any column.
• Because the answer sheet will be machine-

will accommodate. For example, if you obtainan answer such as 0.6666 . . . , you should
record the result as .666 or .667. Less accurate
values such as .66 or .67 are not acceptable.

scored, you will receive credit only if the ovals
are filled in correctly.

not required, it is suggested that you• Althoughwrite your answer in the boxes at the top of the

Acceptable ways to gridcolumns to help you fill in the ovals accurately.

2= .6666 . . .
3problems may have more than one correct• Someanswer. In such cases, grid only one answer.
•• No question has a negative answer.
• Mixed numbers such as 2 12 must be gridded as
2.5 or 5 2. (Ifis gridded, it will be

21
interpreted as, not 2 1 .)2
2

1
-pound sticks of butter together weigh as
4much as 25 pounds of butter?

16. How many

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

5
6

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

6

6

6

6

17. If

22
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•

•

•

•

•

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

6

(5 + 2 )m + 3= 6 , what is the value of m ?
4Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

18. In isosceles triangle ABC, the measure of angle A is80. If another angle of the triangle measures x,where x  80, what is one possible value of x ?

19. Of 650 cities surveyed, each city had an art museum,or a nature museum, or both. Of the 320 cities that had
1
art museums, also had nature museums. What is4
the total number of cities surveyed that had nature
museums?
21. The Lyndhurst High School twelfth graders are
represented in the circle graph in Figure 1. Figure 2 isanother way to illustrate the use of computers by thesetwelfth graders. If the same 200 twelfth graders are
represented in both figures, what is the total number oftwelfth graders represented by the shaded circle in
Figure 2 ?

20. In the figure above, the lengths and widths of rectangles
A, B, C, and D are whole numbers. The areas ofrectangles A, B, and C are 35, 45, and 36,
respectively. What is the area of the entire figure?

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Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

24. Two numbers have the property that their sum is equal
to their product. If one of the numbers is 6, what is theother number?

22. In an art class, there were just enough staplers, rulers
and glue bottles so that every 2 students had to share astapler, every 3 students had to share a ruler, and every
4 students had to share a glue bottle. If the sum of thenumber of staplers, rulers, and glue bottles used by theclass was 65, how many students were in the class?

25. How many positive integers less than 1,000 are multiples of 5 and are equal to 3 times an even integer?

23. In the chart above, if the number n chosen instep 1 is 39, what number will be the result of step 4 ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

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Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SECTION 4
Time — 30 minutes
35 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneath thesentence are five words or sets of words labeled A throughE. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in
the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as awhole.

4. The representative was a traditionalist, reluctant tosupport any legislation inconsistent with the nation’s
most ------- principles.

Example:5. Historian Carlo Botta often contradicted himself, as
when he first championed and then ------- the ideals of
the French Revolution.

(A) orthodox (B) impassioned(C) precarious(D) impressionable(E) indeterminate

Medieval kingdoms did not become constitutional
republics overnight; on the contrary, the change
was -------.
(A) unpopular (B) unexpected(C) advantageous(D) sufficientA(E) gradual

B

C

D

(A) invoked(B) investigated(D) coveted(E) denounced(C) conceived

6. The author constructed a scenario in which playful,
creative children are rewarded for their ------- andstrict, dour adults are punished for their -------.

E

1. Originally ------- mainly by young, urban audiences,
rap music was ultimately ------- by its appreciative
listeners of all ages across the country.

(A) spontaneity . . rigidity(B) digressions . . mirth(C) solemnity . . malice(D) inflexibility . . rigor(E) improvisations . . buoyancy(A) admired . . embraced(B) performed . . condemned(C) derided . . ignored(D) appropriated . . relinquished(E) applauded . . instigated

7. Although usually warm and ------- in greeting friends,
Lauren was too reserved ever to be truly -------.
(A) joyous . . conventional(B) cordial . . effusive(C) restrained . . gracious(D) dismissive . . ebullient(E) genial . . antisocial

2. It was out of ------- that Professor Green, the author ofseveral highly respected books in his field, described
himself to his colleagues as -------.
(A) embarrassment . . a paragon(B) magnanimity . . an avenger(C) insolence . . a pedant(D) egotism . . an apprentice(E) modesty . . a dilettante

8. Legal scholars argue that when “justice” is interpreted
too broadly, the concept becomes -------, easily changed
and controlled by outside forces.
(A) malleable(B) influential(D) felicitous(E) prosaic

3. The ------- experiences of Madonna Swan, the 1983
North American Indian Woman of the Year, cannot be
fully appreciated if they are ------- in a tidy summary.

(C) coherent

9. The instructor’s voice was so ------- that most students
preferred taking a test to listening to its grating sound.

(A) varied . . interposed(B) diverse . . condensed(C) profound . . magnified(D) transformative . . embellished(E) impressive . . immersed(A) receptive(D) muted(B) cajoling(E) strident(C) melodious

10. Though surgeon and researcher Charles Drew neverenjoyed celebrity, he truly deserves to be ------- for his
life’s achievements.
(A) mollified(B) lionized (C) accosted(D) galvanized(E) vilified

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17. DEFOLIATION : LEAVES ::(A) contamination : germs(B) evaporation : dryness(C) delimitation : boundaries(D) acceleration : speed(E) dehydration : moisture

Each question below consists of a related pair of words
or phrases, followed by five pairs of words or phrases
labeled A through E. Select the pair that best expresses a
relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.
Example:CRUMB : BREAD ::(A) ounce : unit(B) splinter : wood(C) water : bucket(D) twine : rope(E) cream : butter

A

B

C

D

18. DEBACLE : FAILURE ::(A) catastrophe : assistance(B) impediment : progress(C) chaos : confusion(D) indecisiveness : action(E) anarchy : orderE

19. GRIMACE : PAIN ::(A) applause : praise(B) inquiry : curiosity(C) sneer : contempt(D) gesture : offense(E) hug : affection

11. BOTTLE : CONTAINER ::(A) door : room(B) well : bottom(C) knife : tool(D) beaker : fluid(E) medicine : dose

20. EPIC : HEROIC ::(A) euphony : discordant(B) prose : theatrical(C) melodrama : exaggerated(D) instrument : harmonious(E) satire : hypocritical

12. KELP : OCEAN ::(A) cactus : desert(B) alga : plant(C) spider : web(D) surf : beach(E) avalanche : snow

21. PROTAGONIST : NOVEL ::(A) contributor : anthology(B) editor : newspaper(C) reviewer : movie(D) subject : biography(E) narrator : anecdote

13. BEES : HONEY ::(A) moth : flame(B) fish : bait(C) birds : feathers(D) sheep : herd(E) spiders : webs

22. LABYRINTH : PERPLEXITY ::(A) prison : liberty(B) harbor : navigation(C) refuge : relief(D) lair : danger(E) mirage : image

14. COAT : BODY ::(A) bracelet : wrist(B) uniform : team(C) mitten : hand(D) shirt : sleeve(E) bandage : cut

23. FOIBLE : VICE ::(A) frugality : generosity(B) obsession : persistence(C) venom : malevolence(D) oath : loyalty(E) fib : lie

15. LION : PRIDE ::(A) hawk : prey(B) whale : mammal(C) parrot : jungle(D) sheepdog : flock(E) wolf : pack
16. ERRATIC : CONSISTENCY ::(A) lethargic : energy(B) eccentric : oddity(C) spellbound : charm(D) scintillating : conversation(E) feverish : delirium

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Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

The two passages below are followed by questions based on their content and on the relationship between the two passages.
Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may beprovided.
Questions 24-35 are based on the following passages.

Passage 2

Is a person’s gender an important influence on how heor she behaves with others? Contemporary sociologists
and other scholars have argued this question fiercely.
The following pair of passages presents two contrasting
voices from that debate.

Gender stereotypes should concern us for several
reasons. First, they may dictate what we notice and bias
our perceptions in the direction of expectation. Some
researchers attempt to elucidate gender differences inorder to help women and men understand and respondto one another better. In the process, however, their work
encourages people to notice and attend to differences rather
than similarities, to perceive men and women in accordancewith stereotypes that may not accurately depict their behavior or intentions. Second, gender stereotypes may not only
describe behavior but also prescribe it, dictating how men
and women “should” behave. People begin to act in waysthat support other people’s gender-role expectations ofthem.
It is time to rethink our understanding of gender, tomove away from the notion that men and women have
two contrasting styles of interaction that were acquiredin childhood. We need to move from a conceptualizationof gender as an attribute or style of behavior to an understanding of gender as something people do in social
interaction. As a noted scholar proposes, “None of us isfeminine or is masculine or fails to be either of those. In
particular contexts people do feminine, in others, they domasculine.” People display contradictory behaviors as theyencounter different social norms and pressures.
Some researchers view male-female conversations as
cross-cultural communication. The two-cultures approach
postulates that difficulties in communication between men
and women arise because of a clash of conversational
styles. But this approach has a number of limitations. First,
the coherence of male and female subcultures in childhood
has been exaggerated. We arrive at a contrasting pictureof the cultures of boys and girls only by singling out thosechildren who fit common gender stereotypes and marginalizing others. We fail to notice the children who do not fit
those stereotypes —for example, boys who excel at caring
for younger siblings or girls who enjoy building things inshop class. Second, although children may choose samesex playmates as preferred partners, they interact daily
inside and outside school with the opposite sex. Children
have countless experiences communicating with peopleof both sexes: they do not learn to communicate in gendersegregated worlds. They learn to display different styles ofinteraction in different contexts: they do not learn a single
gender-related style. The same child may display dominance and give orders to a younger playmate but show
deference and follow orders from an older friend.

50

Passage 1

Line
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

The desire to affirm that women and men are completely equal has made some scholars reluctant to show
ways in which they are different, because differences
between two groups of people have so often been used
to “justify” unequal treatment and opportunity. Muchas I understand and am in sympathy with those whowish there were no differences between women andmen —only reparable social injustice —my researchon styles of conversation tells me that, at least in thisarea, it simply isn’t so. I believe that there are genderdifferences in ways of speaking, and we need to identify
and understand them. Without such understanding, weare doomed to blame others or ourselves —or our own
relationships —for the otherwise mystifying and damaging effects of our contrasting conversational styles.
It is clear to me that recognizing gender differencesin conversational styles would free individuals fromthe burden of an inappropriate sense of being at fault
for chronic disagreements. Many women and men feeldissatisfied with their close relationships—with spouses,
siblings, parents —and become even more frustrated
when they try to talk things out. Taking a sociolinguistic
approach to such troubling encounters makes it possible
to explain these dissatisfactions without accusing anyone
of being wrong and without blaming — or discarding —the relationship.
The sociolinguistic approach I take in my work is basedon my belief that many frictions arise because, here in the
United States, boys and girls grow up in what are essentially different cultures, so that talk between women andmen is actually cross-cultural communication. For little
boys, talk is primarily a means of making statements ofachievement through games like bragging contests. This
may also be done by exhibiting knowledge or skill and byholding center stage through such verbal performance asstorytelling, joking, or imparting information. Little girls
appear to be eager to share and compare interests and ideas.
Emphasis is placed on displaying similarities and matching experiences. For them, the language of conversation
is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishingconnection and negotiating relationships. So this view ofchildren’s behavior predicts that more women than men
will be comfortable speaking one-on-one, to individuals.
And even when addressing an audience, women may be
more concerned than men with establishing rapport.

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

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Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

28. The sentence in lines 47-48 in Passage 2(“First . . . expectation”) primarily emphasizes
which damaging effect of gender stereotypes?

24. The primary purpose of Passage 1 is to(A) present a historical overview of a controversy(B) acknowledge previous errors in thinking(C) urge changes in organized activities provided
for children(D) assert the value of a particular approach to an
issue(E) downplay the significance of a recent discovery(A) They may offend the person being
stereotyped.
(B) They may distort our observations ofpeople we meet.
(C) They have been used to justify genderinequality.
(D) They commonly cause miscommunication between men and women.
(E) They reflect negatively on those who
believe in them.

25. Passage 1 makes which suggestion about the work of“some scholars” (line 2) ?
(A) It will become widely accepted in the scientificcommunity.
(B) It is well intentioned but misguided.
(C) It attempts to be objective but does not succeed.
(D) It puts forth a convincing theory.
(E) It could be used to excuse injustice in a society.

29. The quotation in lines 66-69 (“None . . . masculine”)
primarily serves to(A) introduce a personal experience(B) provide a typical example(C) elaborate on an idea(D) signal a change in topic(E) offer recent research data

26. Passage 1 argues that “recognizing gender differences”(line 16) would most likely(A) cause people to exaggerate their similarities
when communicating with one another(B) lead to further dissatisfaction in conversations
among friends and relatives(C) promote the equal treatment of distinct socialgroups(D) relieve individuals of much of the blame forproblems in relationships(E) affect the way that future research on genderis conducted

30. Passage 2 suggests that some scholars construct “acontrasting picture of the cultures of boys and girls”(lines 77-78) by studying children whose(A) readiness to interact with strangers is apparent(B) demand for approval from adults is particularly
strong(C) rebellion against authority results in creative
behavior(D) personalities are highly idiosyncratic(E) actions correspond to a narrow preconception of
behavior

27. In lines 36-41 (“Little girls . . . relationships”), theauthor of Passage 1 assumes that for girls, a primaryfunction of communication is to

31. The author of Passage 2 implies that the “boys”
mentioned in line 81 and the “child” mentioned
in line 90 resemble one another in that they(A) foster a sense of intimacy between speaker andlistener(B) establish a set of conversational rules shared byspeaker and listener(C) convey information previously unknown by thelistener(D) promote nostalgic feelings about past friendships(E) create an objective atmosphere for personal
discussions(A) have not learned to imitate adult behaviors(B) refuse to get along with their peers(C) do not conform to traditional gender stereotypes(D) openly mock adult expectations about their
behavior(E) communicate primarily with children of
their own gender

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34. The assumptions underlying the research work
described in lines 48-51 of Passage 2 are mostsimilar to the assumptions held by the

32. The author of Passage 2 would most likely challenge
the claim made in lines 27-31 of Passage 1 (“Thesociolinguistic . . . communication”) by arguing that(A) “scholars” in line 2(B) “women and men” in line 19(C) “noted scholar” in line 66(D) author of Passage 1(E) author of Passage 2(A) children do not grow up in single-gender cultures(B) children may become skilled at deceiving adults(C) gender differences are impossible to assessscientifically(D) there is less conflict between men and womenthan sociologists assume(E) children’s behaviors have changed dramaticallyin recent years

35. Which of the following best characterizes the ideas
about gender communication styles as they arepresented in the two passages?

33. The two passages differ most on which topic?

(A) Passage 1 argues that styles are based on competition, while Passage 2 suggests that they
are a form of cooperation.
(B) Passage 1 argues that styles are a burden, while
Passage 2 implies that they can help facilitate
relationships between men and women.
(C) Passage 1 claims that styles are semantic, while
Passage 2 suggests that they are whimsical.
(D) Passage 1 suggests that styles are constant, while
Passage 2 argues that they are fluid.
(E) Passage 1 states that styles are random, while
Passage 2 indicates that their patterns become
obvious upon closer scrutiny.

(A) Whether boys and girls communicate ingender specific patterns(B) Whether important social behavior islearned in childhood(C) Whether adult conversational styles canbe studied systematically(D) Whether gender plays a role in determining a child’s playtime activities(E) Whether society concerns itself with theconcept of gender roles

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

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Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SECTION 6
Time — 15 minutes
10 Questions
Directions: In this section solve each problem, using any available space on the page for scratchwork. Then decide
which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
Notes:
1. The use of a calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers.

Reference Information

2. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

r
A = pr 2

C = 2 prlw
A = lwhhb
A = 1– bh
2

l

r
h

w

c

b

30°

a

V = lwh2x

V = pr 2hc2 = a2 + b2

√3 x

60° x s 45° √2 s
45°

s

Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

2. For every 8,000 lawn mowers produced by a lawn
mower factory, exactly 6 are defective. At this rate,
how many lawn mowers were produced during aperiod in which exactly 15 lawn mowers were
defective?

1. Which of the following is the best estimate of thelength of segment AB on the number line above?

(A)
800(B) 8,000(C) 12,000(D) 20,000(E) 24,000(A) 4(B) 3.5(C) 3(D) 1.5
(E) 1

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3. The figure above will be rotated 90° about point P in
the direction indicated. Which of the following
represents the rotated figure?
(A)

4. In the diagram of roads above, the numbers representroad distances in miles, and the arrows show the only
directions in which travel is permitted on the roads. If
the length of the longest route from A to B is l miles,
and if the length of the shortest route from A to B iss miles, then l − s =

(B)

(A) 9
(B) 8
(C) 7
(D) 3
(E) 2

(C)

(D)

2

10 8

5. If a = b c , and if a, b, and c are positive
numbers, then a =

(E)

(A)

b10c8
2
5 8

(B) b c
(C)

b5c8
2
5 4

(D) b c
(E)

b5c 4
2

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7. Six points are placed on a circle. What is the greatest
number of different lines that can be drawn so thateach line passes through two of these points?
(A) 12(B) 15(C) 25(D) 30(E) 36

6. In the figure above, if the area of triangle CAF isequal to the area of rectangle CDEF, what is thelength of segment AD ?
(A)

7
2

(B)

5

(C)

7

(D)

15
2

(E) 15y, 2 y + 7, y + 6, . . .
8. In the increasing sequence above, the first term is yand the difference between any two consecutive terms
is 3. What is the value of the fourth term in thesequence?
(A) −4(B) 2(C) 5(D) 13(E) 1932-34-

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

10. If three different circles are drawn on a piece of paper,at most how many points can be common to all three?

9. If q and r are positive numbers, what percent of(q + 1) is r ?
(A)

1%
100r (q + 1)

(B)

q +1
%
100r

(C)

100(q + 1)
%
r

(D)

 100r + 1 %
 q 

(E)

100r
%
q +1

(A) None(B) One(C) Two(D) Three(E) Six

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
-35-

33

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

SECTION 7
Time — 15 minutes
13 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.
The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or impliedin the passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.

Questions 1-13 are based on the following passage.
The passage below is from a 1991 autobiography that
focuses on an African American woman’s adolescentexperiences at a prestigious boarding school. The passage
describes one part of a meeting of parents, admissions
officers, and prospective students. The story the motherrecounts at this meeting took place in 1965.

Line
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

My mother began to tell a story about a science award
I had won in third grade. She started with the winning —the long, white staircase in the auditorium, and how theannouncer called my name twice because we were way atthe back and it took me so long to get down those steps.
Mama’s eyes glowed. She was a born raconteur, able
to increase the intensity of her own presence and fill theroom. She was also a woman who seldom found new audiences for her anecdotes, so she made herself happy, sheinsisted, with us children, her mother, her sisters, her
grandparents — an entire clan of storytellers competing fora turn on the family stage. This time all eyes were on mymother. Her body, brown and plump and smooth, was shot
through with energy. This time the story had a purpose.
She told them how my science experiment almost did
not get considered in the citywide competition. My thirdgrade teacher, angry that I’d forgotten to bring a large box
for displaying and storing the experiment, made me pack
it up to take home. (Our teacher had told us that the boxes
were needed to carry the experiments from our class to theexhibition room, and she’d emphasized that she would not
be responsible for finding thirty boxes on the day of thefair. Without a box, the experiment would have to go home.
Other kids, White kids, had forgotten boxes during theweek. They’d brought boxes the next day. I asked for thesame dispensation, but was denied. The next day was thefair, she said. That was different.)
I came out of school carrying the pieces of an experiment my father had picked out for me from a textbook.
This was a simple buoyancy experiment where I weighedeach object in the air and then in water, to prove theyweighed less in water. I had with me the scale, a brick, apiece of wood, a bucket, and a carefully lettered poster.
Well, my mother marched me and my armload of
buoyant materials right back into school and caught theteacher before she left. The box was the only problem?
Just the box? Nothing wrong with the experiment? An
excited eight year old had forgotten a lousy, stinking box
that you can get from the supermarket and for that, she

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

-36-

was out of the running? The teacher said I had to learn tofollow directions. My mother argued that I had followed
directions by doing the experiment by myself, which wasmore than you could say for third graders who’d brought
dry-cell batteries that lit light bulbs and papier-mâchévolcanoes that belched colored lava.
“Don’t you ever put me in a position like that again,”
Mama said when we were out of earshot of the classroom.
“You never know who is just waiting for an excuse to shut
us out.”We got the box; my experiment went into the fair; I won
the prize at school. I won third prize for my age group in
the city.
When Mama finished her story, my ears began to burn.
I could not help but believe that they would see throughthis transparent plug, and before I had even laid hands on
an application. They’d think we were forward and pushy.
I forgot, for the moment, how relieved I’d felt when
Mama had stood in front of that teacher defending mewith a blinding sense of purpose, letting the teacher
know that I was not as small and Black and alone as
I seemed, that I came from somewhere, and where I
came from, she’d better believe, somebody was home.
The other mothers nodded approvingly. My father
gave me a wide, clever-girl smile. The officials fromthe school looked at me deadpan. They seemed amusedby my embarrassment.
The story was an answer (part rebuke and part condolence) to the school stories that the admissions people
told, where no parents figured at all. It was a message
about her maternal concerns, and a way to prove thatracism was not some vanquished enemy, but a real, live
person, up in your face, ready, for no apparent reason,
to mess with your kid. When I was in third grade, Mama
could do her maternal duty and face down a White teacher
who would have deprived me of an award. Who at thisnew school would stand up for her child in her stead?

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

6. The mother most probably intended the questions inlines 36-40 to

1. In line 11, “competing” portrays the members of theauthor’s family as(A) underscore the absurdity of the teacher’s position(B) request clarification from the child about theincident(C) express concern over her daughter’s forgetfulness(D) lessen the child’s preoccupation with how her
project would be received(E) help herself understand her child’s defensivenessabout the box issue(A) vying for the mother’s attention(B) feeling eager to tell their own stories(C) taking issue with each other over household
duties(D) selectively sharing information about theirexperiences(E) comparing educational accomplishments
2. The third paragraph (lines 15-27) presents the author’s
third-grade teacher as being primarily

7. Between the mention of a hypothetical “box” inline 23 and its characterization in line 38, the box haschanged from a(A) critical of the author’s grandiose ambitions(B) disillusioned about her students’ lack of interest inscience(C) concerned that children would never develop asense of decorum(D) arbitrary in implementing rules affecting the class(E) bitter and outspoken about injustices in her school
district(A) requirement to something that is no longer needed(B) necessity to something that has little inherentvalue(C) diversion to something that requires a desperate
search(D) tool to something that is a source of entertainment(E) puzzle to something that provides clarity andstrength

3. In line 26, “dispensation” refers to permission for theauthor to

8. In line 55, the author uses the word “plug” primarily
to emphasize her feeling that(A) have an additional day to complete the experiment(B) bring a container for her experiment the next day(C) ask her father to help her design the display(D) leave school early to look for a box(E) discuss her experiment with the other children(A) the conversational void was nearly intolerable(B) the boarding school had been highly overrated(C) her mother had gone too far in promoting her(D) her mother’s words and actions were entirely
at odds(E) the interviewers’ praise would prove to beinsincere

4. The child most likely intended to use the “bucket”(line 33) as(A) an object to counterbalance the weight of anotherobject(B) a means of steadying the scale in the experiment(C) a container to carry the other materials for the
project(D) a receptacle for the water used in the experiment(E) a way of transporting liquid from place to place

9. In line 59, “blinding” suggests all of the following
EXCEPT(A) unswerving(B) dazzling(C) overpowering(D) determined(E) sudden

5. Lines 34-36 (“Well . . . left”) portray the mother’s
attitude of(A) sudden bewilderment(B) weary disappointment(C) protective generosity(D) overwhelming dismay(E) righteous indignation

35
-37-

Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.

12. The final paragraph presents the author’s assessmentof her mother’s story as a

10. The phrase “somebody was home” (line 62) captures
the mother’s(A) pronouncement about forgiveness andunderstanding(B) lesson and forewarning for school officials(C) personal argument for the importance of
hard work(D) defense of a theory about social attitudes(E) parting message to her daughter(A) desire to create a comfortable life for her family(B) eagerness to learn the results of the interview(C) despair over the unfairness of the teacher’s
instructions(D) need to capture everyone’s full attention(E) sense of responsibility toward her daughter
11. The details presented in lines 63-66 primarily serve to

13. A central purpose of the passage is to(A) illustrate the various reactions to the mother’s story(B) satirize the pomposity of the school officials(C) emphasize the sense of unity among parents ofprospective students(D) convey a sense of unease(E) clarify a preceding statement(A) illustrate the character of the author’s mother(B) portray the admissions process for boarding
schools at that time(C) show the author’s repressed hostility toward hermother(D) comment on examples of racism in the UnitedStates(E) reveal how the author became skeptical of humannatureSTOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

36
-38-

Correct Answers and Difficulty Levels
Form Codes XD, XR
VERBAL

MATHEMATICAL

Section 1

Section 4

Section 7

Section 2

Section 3

Section 6

Five-choice
QuestionsFive-choice
QuestionsFive-choice
QuestionsFive-choice
Questions

Four-choice
QuestionsFive-choice
Questions

COR. DIFF.

COR. DIFF.

COR. DIFF.

COR. DIFF.

COR. DIFF.

COR. DIFF.

ANS. LEV.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

E
C
E
E
B
A
A
E
D
C
E
D
E
E
E
C
E
B
A
C
B
C
B
C
D
B
A
B
A
C

1
1
2
3
3
3
3
5
5
1
3
2
4
3
4
3
3
3
4
1
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
4
3

no. correct

ANS. LEV.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

A
E
B
A
E
A
B
A
E
B
C
A
E
C
E
A
E
C
C
C
D
C
E
D
B
D
A
B
C
E
C
A
A
D
D

1
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
5
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
5
3
4
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
5
4

ANS. LEV.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

B
D
B
D
E
A
B
C
E
E
A
B
A

ANS. LEV.

2
3
1
1
3
2
2
3
5
3
3
5
5

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

no. correct

no. incorrect

B
C
B
C
B
A
E
C
A
D
D
E
A
A
D
B
C
E
E
A
C
A
E
D
E

1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
5
5

ANS. LEV.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

B
C
A
C
D
B
C
A
A
D
B
B
D
C
A

2
1
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
4
5

ANS. LEV.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

A
D
A
E
D
C
B
C
E
C

1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
5
5

no. correct

no. incorrect
no. correct

no. incorrect

Section 3
no. correct

Student-Produced
Response Questions
COR.
ANS.

no. incorrect

no. incorrect
no. correct

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

100
3
20 or 50
410
144
180
60
20
6/5 or 1.2
33

DIFF.
LEV.

1
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5

no. incorrect

no. correct(16-25)

NOTE: Difficulty levels are estimates of question difficulty for a reference group of college-bound seniors.
Difficulty levels range from 1 (easiest) to 5 (hardest).

37

The Scoring Process
Machine-scoring is done in three steps:• Scanning. Your answer sheet is “read” by a scanningmachine and the oval you filled in for each question isrecorded on a computer tape.
• Scoring. The computer compares the oval filled in for eachquestion with the correct response. Each correct answer
receives one point; omitted questions do not count toward
your score. For each wrong answer to the multiple-choicequestions, a fraction of a point is subtracted to correct for
random guessing. For questions with five answer choices,
one-fourth of a point is subtracted for each wrong response;
for questions with four answer choices, one-third of a point
is subtracted for each wrong response. The SAT I verbal
test has 78 questions with five answer choices each. If, forexample, a student has 44 right, 32 wrong, and 2 omitted,
the resulting raw score is determined as follows:
44 right –32 wrong= 44 – 8 = 36 raw score points
4

Obtaining raw scores frequently involves the rounding of
fractional numbers to the nearest whole number. For example,a raw score of 36.25 is rounded to 36, the nearest whole
number. A raw score of 36.50 is rounded upward to 37.
• Converting to reported scaled score. Raw test scores arethen placed on the College Board scale of 200 to 800
through a process that adjusts scores to account for minor differences in difficulty among different editions of the test. This
process, known as equating, is performed so that a student’s
reported score is not affected by the edition of the test taken
or by the abilities of the group with whom the student takes
the test. As a result of placing SAT I scores on the College
Board scale, scores earned by students at different times canbe compared. For example, an SAT I verbal score of 400 on
a test taken at one administration indicates the same level ofdeveloped verbal ability as a 400 score obtained on a different edition of the test taken at another time.

How to Score the Test
SAT I Verbal Sections 1, 4, and 7

SAT I Mathematical Sections 2, 3, and 6

Step A: Count the number of correct answers for Section 1
and record the number in the space provided on the worksheeton the next page. Then do the same for the incorrect answers.
(Do not count omitted answers.) To determine subtotal A, use
the formula:number incorrect
number correct –= subtotal A
4

Step A: Count the number of correct answers and the numberof incorrect answers for Section 2 and record the numbers inthe spaces provided on the worksheet. To determine subtotal A,
use the formula:number incorrect
number correct –= subtotal A
4
Step B: Count the number of correct answers and the numberof incorrect answers for the four-choice quantitative comparison questions (questions 1 through 15) in Section 3 andrecord the numbers in the spaces provided on the worksheet.
Note: Do not count any E responses to questions 1 through 15
as correct or incorrect. Because these four-choice questions
have no E answer choices, E responses to these questions aretreated as omits. To determine subtotal B, use the formula:number incorrect
number correct –= subtotal B
3
Step C: Count the number of correct answers for the studentproduced response questions (questions 16 through 25) in
Section 3 and record the number in the space provided on theworksheet. This is subtotal C.

Step B: Count the number of correct answers and the numberof incorrect answers for Section 4 and record the numbers inthe spaces provided on the worksheet. To determine subtotal
B, use the formula:number incorrect= subtotal B
number correct –4
Step C: Count the number of correct answers and the numberof incorrect answers for Section 7 and record the numbers inthe spaces provided on the worksheet. To determine subtotal
C, use the formula:number incorrect= subtotal C
number correct –4
Step D: To obtain D, add subtotal A, subtotal B, and subtotalC, keeping any decimals. Enter the resulting figure on theworksheet.
Step E: To obtain E, your raw verbal score, round D to thenearest whole number. (For example, any number from 44.50
to 45.49 rounds to 45.) Enter the resulting figure on theworksheet.
Step F: To find your SAT I verbal score, use the conversion
table on page 40 to look up the total raw verbal score you
obtained in step E. Enter this figure on the worksheet.

38

Step D: Count the number of correct answers and the numberof incorrect answers for Section 6 and record the numbers inthe spaces provided on the worksheet. To determine subtotal
D, use the formula:number incorrect
number correct –= subtotal D
4
Step E: To obtain E, add subtotal A, subtotal B, subtotal C, andsubtotal D, keeping any decimals. Enter the resulting figure on
the worksheet.
Step F: To obtain F, your raw mathematical score, round E to thenearest whole number. (For example, any number from 44.50 to
45.49 rounds to 45.) Enter the resulting figure on the worksheet.
Step G: To find your SAT I mathematical score, use the conversion table on page 40 to look up the total raw mathematicalscore you obtained in step F. Enter this figure on theworksheet.

SAT I Scoring Worksheet
SAT I Verbal Sections
A. Section 1:– (no. correct

no. incorrect– (B. Section 4:
no. correct

no. incorrect– (C. Section 7:
no. correct

no. incorrectz 4) =z 4) =z 4) =

subtotal A
subtotal B
subtotal C

D. Total unrounded raw score(Total A + B + C)

D

E. Total rounded raw score(Rounded to nearest whole number)

E

F. SAT I verbal reported scaled score(See the conversion table.)
SAT I verbal
score

SAT I Mathematical Sections
A. Section 2:– (no. correct

B. Section 3:
Questions 1-15 (quantitative comparison)no. correct

C. Section 3:
Questions 16-25 (student-produced response)

no. correct

no. incorrect– (no. incorrectz 4) =z 3) =

subtotal A
subtotal B=
subtotal C– (D. Section 6:
no. correct

no. incorrectz 4) =

subtotal D

E. Total unrounded raw score(Total A + B + C + D)

E

F. Total rounded raw score(Rounded to nearest whole number)F

G. SAT I mathematical reported scaled score(See the conversion table.)
SAT I
mathematical
score

39

SAT I Score Conversion Table
Form Codes XD, XR
Raw
Score
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38

VerbalScaled
Score
800
800
800
790
770
760
740
730
720
710
700
690
680
670
670
660
650
640
640
630
620
620
610
600
600
590
580
580
570
570
560
550
550
540
540
530
530
520
520
510
510

Math
Scaled
Score

800
800
790
780
760
740
730
720
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
650
640
630
620
610
610
600
590

Raw
Score
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
and
below

VerbalScaled
Score
500
500
490
490
480
480
470
470
460
450
450
440
440
430
430
420
420
410
400
400
390
380
380
370
360
360
350
340
330
320
320
310
300
280
270
260
250
230
210
200

Math
Scaled
Score
580
570
560
560
550
540
530
520
510
500
500
490
480
470
460
450
450
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
260
250
240
220
200

This table is for use only with the test in this booklet.

40