Water In Circular
Economy andResilience
11th International Workshop on
Decentralized Domestic
Wastewater Treatment in Asia
Presented byMidori Makino
World Bank
November 28, 2023
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Overview of World Bank Group• International organization owned by 189
member countries – its owners are itsclients.
• Purpose is to end extreme poverty andpromote shared prosperity on a livableplanet. These goals are aligned with the UN
Sustainable Development Goals.
• The world’s largest source of development
finance and expertise – 70+ years offinancing development projects.
www.worldbank.org/wicer

World Bank HeadquartersWashington, DC

Overview of World Bank Group

IBRD

IDA

IFC

MIGA

ICSID

INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR
RECONSTRUCTION AND
DEVELOPMENT

INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENTASSOCIATIONINTERNATIONALFINANCECORPORATIONMULTILATERALINVESTMENT
GUARANTEE AGENCY

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE
FOR THE SETTLEMENT OFINVESTMENT DISPUTES

Provides loans togovernments of middleincome countries.

Provides loans and grants
to governments of lowerincome countries.

Promotes development by financing
private sector enterprises indeveloping countries.

Promotes foreign direct
investment into developing
countries by offering politicalrisk insurance (guarantees)
to investors and lenders.

Provides international
facilities for conciliation andarbitration of investment
disputes.

World Bank provides $45.9 Billion in Financial Assistance through 12,000 Projects Worldwide
www.worldbank.org/wicer

Overview of World Bank Water Global Practice
A Water Secure World for All

Sustain
Water
Resources

DeliverServices

www.worldbank.org/wicer

BuildResilience

Agenda for WICER Presentation

1. Circular Economy – what is it?

2. Water in Circular Economy andResilience Framework (WICER)

3. WICER Activities

www.worldbank.org/wicer

What are the principles of Circular Economy?
Circular Economy isbased on threeprinciples:CIRCULARECONOMYa circular model builds
economic, natural, andsocial capital

Source: Ellen MacArthur Foundation

Circular Economy in WaterSOURCES▪ International Water Association (IWA), 2016. “Water Utility Pathways in a Circular Economy.” London.
▪ World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2017. “Business Guide to Circular Water Management: Spotlight on
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.” Geneva.
▪ Ellen MacArthur Foundation, ARUP, and Antea Group. 2018. “Water and Circular Economy.” White Paper

We must shift from…
A LINEAR SYSTEM …

www.worldbank.org/wicer

To a Circular System
Water in Circular
Economy andResilience(WICER)
Focus of Conference
Presentations A1, A2,A3, A4

http://www.worldbank.org/wicer

OUTCOME 1: DELIVER RESILIENT AND INCLUSIVE SERVICES

We need to plan andinvest (differently) forclimate and non-climate
uncertainties

OUTCOME 1: DELIVER RESILIENT AND INCLUSIVE SERVICES

Maximize the use ofexisting infrastructure

Brazil: Optimizing WWTPs in São Paulo

Full case study here: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36245

OUTCOME 1: DELIVER RESILIENT AND INCLUSIVE SERVICES

Diversify supply sources•••

Diversification of water supply sources(water balance)• including sources with different risk
and cost profiles, and low
vulnerabilities
Protecting those water supply sources
Including integrated water storage

Full case study here: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35659

OUTCOME 2: DESIGN OUT WASTE AND POLLUTION

Recoverresources fromwater andwastewater
Examples from this Conference include:• Effluent reuse from wastewater treatment plants in India• Kansai Airport’s Johkasou• Brewing of sake from rice cultivated by wastewater effluent in Akita prefecture• Vegetable and flower cultivated using a combination of Johkasou effluent and biogeofilter

OUTCOME 2: DESIGN OUT WASTE AND POLLUTION
Industrial processes (paper, textile, etc.)
Irrigation (agriculture, parks, etc.)
Replenish aquifers
Recreational use

Water

Cooling water (power plants)
Indirect potable waterbeer withreclaimed waterbiogas

bricksphosphate fertilizer

cellulose

Biofuels (algae)

OUTCOME 2: DESIGN OUT WASTE AND POLLUTION

Optimize operations•••

Reduce non-revenue water
Increase overall efficiency of processesOptimize the amount of energy,
minerals, and chemicals used in theoperation of water systems

OUTCOME 2: DESIGN OUT WASTE AND POLLUTION

Be energy efficientand use renewableenergy

OUTCOME 2: DESIGN OUT WASTE AND POLLUTION
Solar panels in roof of
Recycled Water
Treatment Plant
Tuncurry, Australia

Solar panels in WWTP
Lianyungang, China

Floating Solar panels inWWTP
Kraaifontein, South
AfricaImage: University of Cape Town (UCT)OUTCOME 3: PRESERVE AND REGENERATE NATURAL SYSTEMS•••

Restore degraded landand watersheds
Manage and recharge
groundwaterIncorporate naturebased solution

OUTCOME 3: PRESERVE AND REGENERATE NATURAL SYSTEMS

Sponge cities

Upstreamreforestation

Recover degraded watersheds and land

Constructed wetlands as part of thewastewater treatment

Green roofs

Cross-cutting Issues▪ Create the right Policy, Institutional andRegulatory (PIR) environment▪

Examples include Johkasou Act in Japan▪

Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Recycling
Regulations in Hyderabad, India▪ Manage water demand & water use▪ Leverage the power of digitalization▪ Ensure solutions are inclusive▪ Funding and financing
www.worldbank.org/wicerImplementing circular economy principles also
makes economic and financial sense
Circular economy offers the opportunity to:▪ Create additional revenue streams▪ Reduce O&M costs▪ Offer a better return on investment in a sector
heavily subsidized▪ Potential to create more innovative business models▪ Potential to attract the private sector (PPP)▪ Potential to tap into other sector’s financing(green/climate bonds, environmental impact bonds,etc)
www.worldbank.org/wicer

Investments in nature-based
solutions such as upstream
reforestarion, can reduce
treatment needs and costs
Investments in energy efficiency
and reducing NRW can berecovered in less than 3 years

Self-generating renewable energy
can reduce energy costs, increasesystem resiliency and lower GHGs
Utilities can create additional
revenue streams to cover O&M
costs by selling wastewater bypro

WICER in practice - How is World Bank working
with clients to promote a WICER approach?
WICER

PolicyDialogue

Analytical
SupportTechnicalSupport

Operational Support
www.worldbank.org/wicer

Creating and sharing knowledge
PUBLICATIONS:Conferences, Webinars and other events▪ Launch of the WICER Report and Initiative – webinar(Sept 2021)▪ Keynote at Karachi International Water Conference▪ USAID Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA)
Infrastructure and Environment virtual workshop▪ WaterReuse symposium 2022 session with USEPA▪ World Water Forum 2022

WICER - Report

From waste toresource - Report▪ Singapore International Water Week (SIWW) Water
Convention 2022
▪ IWA World Water Congress 2022
▪ Co-leading session at AWWA ACE22 with USEPA▪ Latinosan 2022

Animated Video
www.worldbankgroup.org/wicer

Infographics, Blogs,etc.

www.worldbank.org/wicer
www.worldbank.org/wastetoresourceDocumenting relevant case studies

www.worldbank.org/wicer

www.worldbank.org/wastetoresource

www.worldbank.org/wicer

Policy Dialogue
Review of existing regulatory frameworks in Middle East and North
Africa, and the Caribbean Regions (wastewater reuse and desalination)
Dialogue on regulating reuse and circular economy in Colombia &Turkey
Advice to Senegal on revision of Water and Sanitation Codes

Policy, Institutional and Regulatory (PIR) assessment to promote
unconventional sources of water in South Africa
www.worldbank.org/wicer

Developing Tools and Frameworks
Online quick assessment WICER Tool:
Visual results with colors (traffic light) to assess whether
the project or city is circular and resilient – is your project
WICER?

Tocontinue
Toimprove
Tostartdoing/exploring

www.wicer-tool.com
Quantifying Economic and Financial
Benefits of WICER vs linear system
Economic and financial analysis and prioritization ofinvestments using the WICER framework.
www.worldbank.org/wicer

Circularity is not the end goal, but the means to achieve
greater outcomes
Sustainability

Jobs createdUniversalaccess
EquityUrban prosperity
www.worldbank.org/wicer

RestoredEcosystemsTo learn more….
Reports with examples and guidelines toimplement the concepts in the water sector

www.worldbank.org/wicer
www.worldbank.org/wastetoresource
www.wicer-tool.com – check our new online tool!!!
www.worldbank.org/wicer

Several case Studies

Thank You!
Midori Makino, Lead Water Supply andSanitation Specialist, World Bank
www.worldbank.org/wicer
www.wicer-tool.com
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