$$3 &- 34%2%/ 45.%2● Double-tuned front end easily handles high signal levels● Revolutionary DDS principle for local oscillator ● Variable bandwidth
IF filter prevents interference ● Multipath reduction function ● Digital
FM detector keeps distortion and noise to a minimum ● DS-DCachieves ideal stereo demodulation with DSP technology ● MDS plus
type D/A converter ● 20-station memories also store function settings

4HE ULTIMATE &- STEREO TUNER,ATEST 2& TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCEDDIGITAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES COME TOGETHER ON THE HIGHEST PLANE !LLFUNCTIONS AFTER THE INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY )& STAGE ARE PERFORMED BY$30 SOFTWARE INCLUDING THE VARIABLE BANDWIDTH )& FILTER MULTIPATH
REDUCTION -02 FUNCTION DIGITAL &- DETECTOR AND $3 $# STEREO
DEMODULATOR 0ULSE TUNING PRINCIPLE ALLOWS MANUAL TUNING AND  STATIONMEMORY TUNING $IGITAL OUTPUT INCREASES CONNECTION OPTIONSThe range of available program sources is getting
ever more varied: Compact Discs, analog records,
and net based music distribution, to name but afew. But the FM tuner still has a special role toplay, since broadcasts cover the entire spectrum
from live performances of time-honored classicalworks to the latest hits. The FM band provides arich choice of music all day long. In addition,
many local stations have recently come onto
stage using the live broadcast medium to best
advantage.
The T-1100 is a successor model to the highly
praised T-1000. Thanks to a blend of latest RF
circuit design with sophisticated digital signal
processing implemented by a high-speed, highprecision DSP chip, it has become possible tomove most major functions of the tuner into thedigital domain without sacrificing performance orsound quality. Audiophiles and music lovers can
now enjoy FM stereo at its best.
The newly developed front end features a doubletuned circuit that optimizes sensitivity andselectivity, as well as the revolutionary DDS(Direct Digital Synthesis) principle for the localoscillator. All functions after the intermediate
frequency (IF) stage are implemented using digital
signal processing in completely new andinnovative ways. This comprises the variablebandwidth IF filter, multipath reduction function,
digital FM detector and DS-DC stereo
demodulator. The result is an FM tuner unlike anyother, offering further enhanced performance andsound quality. Other attractive features include a20-station memory, a coaxial output for digital
signal connection, two sets of line and balanced
analog outputs, and a supplied RemoteCommander for operation convenience. In sum,
this is a lavishly designed FM tuner that will meetand surpass even the highest expectations.

Double-Tuned Front End Eliminates Problems With High Input Signal Levels■An attenuator in the input stage enables the tuner to operate at its optimum
point also when input levels are extremely high, such as in the vicinity of abroadcast tower or when using a cable network.
■Two-stage double-tuned front end eliminates intermodulation distortion withstrong signals.
■Dual-gate MOS-FETs in the RF amplifier stage ensure excellent third-orderintermodulation characteristics.
■Two-stage double-balanced mixer suppresses undesired signal components.
■Revolutionary DDS local oscillator achieves amazing S/N ratio.
Coils used in double-tuned circuits
AGC
FM Antenna
Double-Tuned Circuit

RFAmplifier

Double-Tuned Circuit
DoubleBalancedMixer

Attenuator

Local/DistanceSelector

DoubleBalanced
Mixer

IF output

DDS Local Oscillator■ Front End Circuit Diagram

DDS（Direct Digital Synthesis）
The signal from the antenna input is routed to an RF amplifier
and then mixed with the signal from a local oscillator for
conversion into the intermediate frequency (IF). The local
oscillator here is a highly advanced DDS (Direct DigitalSynthesis) circuit.
● The output of a quartz oscillator is supplied to the frequency
divider to create the timing (namely the sampling frequency)with which the sine wave data are read out.
● Using this sampling frequency, the sine wave data are readin the D/A converter to create the analog waveform output.
● Because there is no feedback loop, the frequency purity ofthe D/A converter output can be kept identical to that of thequartz oscillator.

D/A
Converter

Sine Wave
DataOutput

0110
Frequency
Divider

QuartzOscillator■ DDS Block Diagram

Variable Bandwidth IF Filter Improves Interference Performance

Multipath Reduction Function (MPR) Minimizes Reflections

The IF BANDWIDTH selector of the T-1100 provides a choice of six settings(50, 75, 100, 150, 250, 500 kHz). Normally, a wider bandwidth setting is preferable in terms of perform■ IF bandwidth switchable in 6 stages
ance characteristics, butby restricting the bandwidth, noise can be reduced in certain situations,
Noise or adjacentbroadcast station
making it easier to obtaina good quality signal froma station affected by interference from a strong adjacent station.
The variable bandwidth IF
filter is implemented usinga FIR (Finite Impulse ReWide IF bandwidth
Narrow IF bandwidthsponse) type digital filterf0
is susceptible toreduces interferencewith perfectly linear phasedegradation bynoise and interference
characteristics, thereby
eliminating the phase shiftthat can occur with conventional IF bandwidth filters.

Multipath reception refers to a condition where the same broadcast signal
reaches the antenna via several different propagation routes. In the case ofFM, this occurs when the signal travels to the antenna in a straight line, but
is also reflected and therefore slightly delayed by buildings, mountains orother tall obstructions.
When the direct waves and■FM Propagation Characteristics
reflected waves are reTransmitter
ceived together, distortionand noise occur.
The high-speed, highprecision DSP chip in theT-1100 makes it possible
to perform multipath reduction (MPR) through signal
processing that effectively
suppresses the harmful reDirect
flected components. This
Wave
Reflected
technique which is based
Wave
on adaptive filtering principles ensures that only thedesirable direct wave components are received, resulting in high-quality audio
output.

■ IF bandwidth is selected by turning knob
(with LED indication)

Ideal Digital FM Demodulation Principle
The FM demodulator circuit is a crucial component that has asignificant effect on distortion and noise characteristics of the tuner’s
audio output. In the T-1100, the imaginary part of the digitized FM
signal is divided by the real part to extract the tangent of the phaseangle (θ). By calculating the arctangent from this, the phase angle
can be determined. Differentiation is then used to obtain the time
variation resulting in the FM demodulated output (audio output).

Phase Detector
RealPartDivision
FM Wave Signal
Inputtanθ Arctangent（tan 1）

PhaseAngle (θ)

DifferentiationDemodulated output

ImaginaryPart■ Digital FM Demodulator

■ Supplied Remote Commander RC-410
Provides access to all functions of the tuner(except power switching), as well as(Accuphase) amplifier volume control.

■ Intermediate frequency (IF) signal fromfront end is digitized by high-precision
A/D converter

DS-DC (Direct Synthesis − Double Cancellation)
DS-DC principle with DSP ensures ideal stereo
demodulation for amazing channel separation

Stereo Separation
0−5−10−15−20−25

Response in dB

The stereo demodulator in the T-1100 features
another Accuphase innovation called DS-DC (DirectSynthesis − Double Cancellation). The demodulator
comprises the two technologies described below.
Since all operations are carried out through softwarebased algorithms in Digital Signal Processor, ideal
demodulation performance can be achieved, resulting in previously unheard-of channel separation.

−30−35−40−45−50−55−60−65−75−80■Functions after intermediate frequency (IF) stage (variablebandwidth IF filter, multipath reduction, digital FM
detector, DS-DC stereo demodulator) are performed
through fully digital signal processing by a high-speed,
high-accuracy DSP chip, providing drastically improved
performance. The end result is an FM tuner of the highestorder.

Lch→Rch−70

Rch→Lch203050100200500

1k

2k

3k

5k

10k

Frequency in Hz

Stereo Separation Characteristics/Pilot Tone Direct Synthesis●A conventional FM tuner uses a PLL circuit to extract the pilot tone and obtain thefrequency and phase components from the input signal (stereo-modulated signal). If thelevel of the pilot tone decreases, noise will be heard and stereo separation becomes
extremely poor.
With DS-DC, the waveform of the pilot tone in the input signal is identified as is* andgenerated directly by the DSP arithmetic. Therefore the pilot tone can be extracted
reliably even when a high level of noise is present. Impressive stereo separation can beachieved even when the pilot tone level is low.
※Simply analyzing the signal and determining similarities.

,

Stereo-Modulated
Signal#HANNEL
3EPARATOR#ROSSTALK#ANCELLATION（ST STAGE）（ND STAGE）

0ILOT 4ONE$IRECT
3YNTHESIS#ROSSTALK$OUBLE #ANCELLATION

4Crosstalk Double CancellationAfter the input signal has been separated into the left and right components, the circuiteliminates crosstalk using a dual approach that also takes phase components intoconsideration. The result is extremely thorough left/right separation.

#ROSSTALK#ANCELLATION

Pilot Tone

■ DS-DC Type Stereo Demodulator Circuit2

■Front panel

Versatile Array of Functions/4)0(16■20-station memory with all function settings■Accuphase original pulse tuning systemprovides traditional manual tuning feel

■Confirmation beep when operating tuning
knob and function buttonsPulse tuning system■High-quality digital output connector (coaxial)■MUTE button allows turning muting ON or OFF
during tuning

2■MODE button allows selection of desired
reception mode:STEREO: Normal stereo reception@BLEND: Left and right signals are
mixed, to reduce noise
particularly in the upper
frequency range.MONO: Stereo broadcast
reception forced tomonophonic*-     

2 stations can be
programmedin each button■Rear panel
Digital output connector

(MODE button■Attenuator function for reducing inputlevel
LOCAL: Attenuator ON

Attenuator function■Meter for monitoring signal status
Signal strength as well as multipath condition and effect of multipath
reduction (MPR) can be verified.

Signal strength indication

SIGNAL indicator lit

Meter function selection andMPR ON/OFF switching
Multipath reduction(MPR) ON
Multipath level indication

MULTIPATH indicator lit(/ LED indicators
METER MPR IF BAND WIDTH
4 Meter (Signal strength/Multipath)) Station number readout
0 Reception frequency readout(1 LED indicators
MUTE MODE LOCAL DISTANCE
6 Tuning knob
2 Power switch* Meter function button SIGNAL/MULTIPATH- Multipath reduction (MPR) ON/OFF button
IF bandwidth selector knob

 Muting circuit ON/OFF button
 Mode selector button
STEREO/BLEND /MONO
 LOCAL/DISTANCE selector button
 Stereo reception indicator Memory set button
 Station buttons (20 stations) Antenna input connector (F type)( Phase selector for balanced output
 Analog output connectors BALANCED LINE
 Digital output connector COAXIAL
 AC power connector (for supplied power cord)(

MULTIPATH/MPR indicators litRemarks■Two sets of analog outputs: balanced and line

(This product is available in versions for 120/230 V AC. Make sure that the voltage
shown on the rear panel matches the AC line voltage in your area.
(The shape of the AC inlet and plug of the supplied power cord depends on thevoltage rating and destination country.
(The reception frequency range, number of display digits, and tuning frequency steps
differ in models for different countries. The antenna connector may also be an IEC
type or F type connector. Please verify that you have the correct model for your area.

■Phase selector for balanced output● In the factory default condition, the switch is set tothe left side (pin 3 positive).
● If the connected preamplifier or integrated amplifier
uses a “pin 2 positive” arrangement, change thesetting of the switch.

T-1100 Guaranteed Specifications [Guaranteed specifications are measured according to EIA standard RS-490.]● Alternate channel selectivity

Frequency range and tuning step widthInterference signal
400 kHz300 kHz200 kHz

Model for Europe 87.50 MHz - 108.00 MHz(in 50-kHz steps)
Model for USA

87.5 MHz - 108.0 MHz(in 100-kHz steps)MonophonicGeneralSelectivity
70 dB
30 dB
10 dB

● AM suppression (65 dBf input)● Output voltage (±75 kHz deviation)● Antenna input● Standing wave ratio● Tuning principle

80 dB
1.0 VStereo● Sensitivity Usable sensitivity
11 dBf
S/N 50 dB quieting sensitivity 17 dBf● S/N ratio (80 dBf input, A-weighted)
90 dB● Total harmonic distortion(80 dBf input, ±75 kHz deviation)
20 Hz 0.02 ％1 kHz 0.02 ％10 kHz 0.02 ％● Intermodulation distortion(80 dBf input, ±75 kHz deviation)
0.01 ％＋0 − 2.0 dB● Frequency response 10−15,000 Hz
1.5 dB● Capture ratio● RF intermodulation
80 dB● Spurious response rejection
120 dB● Image rejection
100 dB● Sensitivity S/N 40 dB quieting sensitivity
29 dBf
S/N 50 dB quieting sensitivity
37 dBf● S/N ratio (80 dBf input, A-weighted)
85 dB● Total harmonic distortion (80 dBf input, ±75 kHz deviation)
20 Hz 0.04 ％1 kHz 0.04 ％10 kHz 0.04 ％● Intermodulation distortion (80 dBf input, ±75 kHz deviation)
0.03 %＋0 − 2.0 dB● Frequency response 10−15,000 Hz● Stereo separation
100 Hz 60 dB
1 kHz 60 dB
10 kHz 50 dB● Stereo trigger level
21 dBf● Subcarrier suppression ratio 70 dB

75-ohm coaxial (F type connector)
1.5
DDS synthesizer tuning
20-station random memory tuning● FM detection principle Digital FM demodulation principle● Stereo demodulation principle DS-DC● Digital output (IEC60958)
COAXIAL：
0.5 VP-P 75 ohms
Sampling frequency： 48 kHz/24 bits
● Output impedance
BALANCED (XLR type connector)：100 ohms（50 ohms/50 ohms）
LINE (unbalanced)：50 ohms
● MeterSignal strength/multipath switchable● Power requirements AC 120 V/230 V, 50/60 Hz(Voltage as indicated on rear panel)● Power consumption 20 W
● Maximum Dimensions
Width465 mm (18-5/16")
Height 140 mm (5-1/2")
Depth
406 mm (16-0")● Weight
13.0 kg (28.7 lbs) net
19.0 kg (41.9 lbs) in shipping
cartonNotes● An FM antenna is required to use the T-1100. Please consult your dealer regarding antenna installation.
● In residences with shared antenna systems, confirm that the antenna outlet carries FM signals.
● Use a 75-ohm coaxial cable with F type plug for the antenna connection.

■Supplied accessories: ● AC power cord●●

●Audio cable with plugs (1 m)
Remote Commander RC-410

The specifications and appearance of this product are subject to change without notice.
I1005YPRINTED IN JAPAN 851-0194-00（B1）