 
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

FAQs
DOE PAGES Overview
How do publications get into DOE PAGES?
What is OSTI's Commitment to Public Access?
General FAQs
What is DOE PAGES?
What is the DOE Public Access Plan?
Who can submit peer-reviewed scholarly publications to DOE PAGES?
What does DOE PAGES contain?
What is an accepted manuscript?
Does DOE PAGES provide the full text for all of its content?
What types of full-text content are available in DOE PAGES?
What's the difference between DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA)?
How is DOE PAGES related to OSTI.GOV?
Are there restrictions on the use of the material in DOE PAGES?
What does "administrative interval" mean? How can I access an article still under the "administrative interval"?
Author FAQs
I'm a researcher at a national lab and I've had a manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal; I've
been told I need to submit my manuscript, how do I do it?
I'm a researcher with a grant from DOE and I've had a manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal;
I've been told I need to submit my manuscript, how do I do it?
How Do Papers Get into DOE PAGES?
What is E-link?
How does E-Link relate to DOE PAGES?
Does a specific format need to be used for submission of accepted manuscripts?
What if another author has submitted the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript? Are duplicate submissions aconcern?
I have already submitted my manuscript to NIH's PubMed Central or another government publication repository, but I
am also partially funded by DOE. To comply with public access requirements do I also need to submit my article
information and manuscript to E-Link?
As a financial assistance recipient I have already reported information about my journal article to the office funding myaward (sponsoring organization) as part of my annual progress report. Do I still need to submit the accepted
manuscript to E-Link?
Who is required to submit peer-reviewed accepted manuscripts for financial assistance awards?

I've seen my articles shown as "green" on certain external public access compliance dashboards; does this mean I've
really fulfilled DOE's public access requirements?
What about supplemental information that is submitted to journals?
What is an Article Processing Charge? What should DOE authors do if asked to pay "author pays" fees?
What about copyright transfer and government rights?
My article is copyrighted by the publisher. Can I submit an article that is copyrighted?
Search FAQs
How do I search DOE PAGES?
How do I use the Advanced Search?
How do I search by author?
What information is found on the Full Record page in DOE PAGES?
What information is available on the "References", "Cited By", and "Other Related Research" tabs found on the Full
Record page in DOE PAGES?
What information is available on the "Figures/Tables" tab found on the Full Record page of some DOE PAGES results?
What types of full-text content are available in DOE PAGES?
What are the "Full Text Available" and "Citation Only" filters?
Are journal articles and accepted manuscripts full-text searchable in DOE PAGES?
What are the benefits of having a DOE PAGES account?
How do I register for a DOE PAGES account?
What does the "cited by" number mean?
Can I sort or refine my results?
Can I limit my results to what is publicly accessible?
Can I save or download the results of a search?
How can I view the details about an article?
I see that I can access either the Accepted Manuscript or go to the publisher's version (via the DOI link) on the record
details page. What's the difference?
During the embargo (or administrative interval) for an article, what is accessible?
Public Access FAQs
What is DOE's Public Access Plan?
Why does DOE have a Public Access Plan?
When did the public access requirement go into effect?
What's the difference between DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA)?
I've seen my articles shown as "green" on certain external public access compliance dashboards; does this mean I've
really fulfilled DOE's public access requirements?
Who can deposit?
What is required for depositing?
How can the public search material resulting from DOE-funded research?
What is DOE PAGES?
What is an "accepted manuscript"?
What is a "version of record"?
Does DOE have an embargo or delay for access to journal publications?

What is CHORUS? What is the relationship to DOE PAGES?
Where can I get permission to reproduce articles? How does DOE PAGES address creative reuse?
What about copyright transfer and government rights?
What if I have more questions?

DOE PAGES Overview
The Department of Energy Public Access Gateway for Energy and Science (DOE PAGES) is the DOE discovery tool, developedby the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), that makes peer-reviewed scholarly scientific publications
resulting from DOE research funding publicly accessible to read, download, and analyze.
DOE PAGES offers free public access to the best available full-text version of DOE-funded scholarly publications - either thepeer-reviewed, accepted manuscript or the published scientific journal article - after an administrative interval of 12 months.
Regardless of where DOE-funded publications or accepted manuscripts are hosted, OSTI enables users to search across all
publications in DOE PAGES. OSTI makes these publicly available within 12 months of publication.

How do publications get into DOE PAGES?

DOE PAGES leverages the long-established DOE Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP) infrastructure andsystems for collecting, preserving, and disseminating scientific and technical information to collect accepted manuscripts.
DOE-funded researchers at national laboratories and grantees at other research institutions use this existing infrastructure to
submit metadata and links to accepted manuscripts (or the full-text itself) to OSTI.
Researchers at a national lab or other major DOE facility who have a manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed
journal should use their lab's routine processes for scientific and technical information (STI) submission. Metadata/citation
information for the journal article should be provided, as well as either an upload of the full-text accepted manuscript or apersistent hyperlink to the accepted manuscript in the lab/site's institutional repository. This procedure is comparable to thelong-established submission process for technical reports and other types of STI. For more detailed instructions, pleasecontact your lab or facility STI point of contact.
DOE grantees (Financial Assistance Recipients) are to submit journal article accepted manuscripts through E-Link once themanuscript is accepted for publication, but no later than one year after the date the journal article is published online.
Accepted manuscripts can easily be submitted to E-link via a submission interface in a simple step-by-step format. Through ELink, researchers will submit metadata/citation information for the journal article as well as either an upload of the accepted
manuscript or a link to the manuscript in a publicly accessible institutional or subject repository. If researchers have the DOI(digital object identifier) for the journal article, much of the metadata can be populated automatically. OSTI has prepared avideo tutorial to demonstrate how to submit a manuscript. For more detailed instructions, they can refer to the DOE F 4600.2 inthe terms and conditions of the award or the E-Link instructions.
To complement the DOE-supplied content and in support of "best available version," OSTI collaborates with the publisher
consortium CHORUS (the Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States). DOE PAGES ingests publisher-supplied
metadata and links to participating publishers' DOE-affiliated publicly-accessible content.

What is OSTI's Commitment to Public Access?

Public access comprises the efforts of U.S. federal science agencies to increase access to unclassified scholarly publications
and digital data resulting from federal research and development (R&D) funding. While OSTI has provided public access to
DOE's unclassified R&D results throughout its history, the incremental change reflected in the DOE Public Access Plan is the
addition of final accepted manuscripts/journal articles, which OSTI makes publicly available within 12 months of publication.
Access is provided through both DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV. Regardless of where DOE-funded journal articles or accepted
manuscripts are hosted, DOE PAGES enables readers to search them all via a single query.

General FAQs
What is DOE PAGES?

The Department of Energy Public Access Gateway for Energy and Science (DOE PAGES) is the DOE discovery tool, developedby the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), that makes peer-reviewed scholarly scientific publications
resulting from DOE research funding publicly accessible to read, download, and analyze.
DOE PAGES offers free public access to the best available full-text version of DOE-funded scholarly publications - either thepeer-reviewed, accepted manuscript or the published scientific journal article - after an administrative interval of 12 months.
Regardless of where DOE-funded publications or accepted manuscripts are hosted, OSTI enables users to search across all
publications in DOE PAGES. OSTI makes these publicly available within 12 months of publication.

What is the DOE Public Access Plan?

DOE PAGES helps fulfill DOE's Public Access Policy. Public access comprises the efforts of U.S. federal science agencies toincrease access to unclassified scholarly publications and digital data resulting from federal research and development (R&D)
funding. While OSTI has provided public access to DOE's unclassified R&D results throughout its history, the incremental
change reflected in the DOE Public Access Plan is the addition of providing the full-text of DOE-funded scholarly publications,which OSTI makes publicly available within 12 months of publication.
The DOE Public Access Plan ensures the public has access to the published results of DOE-funded research by requiring
researchers to submit metadata and a link to the full-text accepted manuscript or the full text article that developed from DOE
funding to a designated DOE repository. DOE's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) provides a web-based
portal called DOE Energy Link (E-Link) for the submission of the metadata and a link to the full-text accepted manuscript or thefull text article. OSTI then provides public access to publications through the DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy and
Science (DOE PAGES). Requirements specify that (1) a minimum set of machine-readable metadata elements, comprising a
metadata record, will be provided with the final accepted manuscript of a peer-reviewed scholarly journal article; (2) the
accepted manuscript will be available for download, reading and analysis free of charge no later than 12 months after initialpublication; and (3) the information will be managed to ensure long-term preservation.

Who can submit peer-reviewed scholarly publications to DOE PAGES?

All researchers receiving DOE funding are required to submit metadata and either a persistent hyperlink to the full-text
accepted manuscript in an institutional repository or the full text of the accepted manuscript itself to DOE's Office of Scientificand Technical Information (OSTI). A list of metadata requirements and instructions for submitting accepted manuscripts canbe found here.

What does DOE PAGES contain?

DOE PAGES offers free public access to the best available full-text version of DOE-funded scholarly publications - either thepeer-reviewed accepted manuscript or the published scientific journal article - after an administrative interval of 12 months.
For a more in-depth explanation of the article types found in DOE PAGES, please see FAQ "What types of full-text content areavailable in DOE PAGES?"

What is an accepted manuscript?

An accepted manuscript, also known as the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript, is the version of the article that has been
accepted for publication by a publisher and includes changes made during the peer-review process. It includes the samecontent as the published version but does not include the publisher's copyediting, stylistic or formatting edits that will
constitute the final "version of record" that appears in a scholarly journal; i.e., it is not a "reprint" or a downloaded PDF of the
published article. Examples of what an accepted manuscript might look like compared to the published version of the article
can be found here. The key criteria for submission of accepted manuscripts to OSTI are (1) that DOE partially or completely
funded the research reflected in the article or accepted manuscript and (2) that the publication has been accepted for
publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Does DOE PAGES provide the full text for all of its content?

DOE's policy is to provide full-text access to publications within 12 months of publication. Access will be provided earlier when
the publisher makes a full-text version available for free earlier than 12 months after publication.

What types of full-text content are available in DOE PAGES?

DOE PAGES search results will provide access to accepted manuscripts or published articles. Most typically, access isprovided to accepted manuscripts.
An accepted manuscript, also known as the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript, is the version of the article that has been
accepted for publication by a publisher and includes changes made during the peer-review process. It includes the samecontent as the published version but does not include the publisher's copyediting, stylistic or formatting edits that will
constitute the final "version of record" that appears in a scholarly journal; i.e., it is not a "reprint" or a downloaded PDF of the
published article. Accepted Manuscripts are submitted to OSTI by the author/researcher or the researcher's institution. In
some cases, DOE PAGES will also link to a publisher's accepted manuscript through OSTI's collaboration with the publisher
consortium CHORUS (the Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States). For more information about CHORUS,
please see FAQ "What is CHORUS? What is the relationship to DOE PAGES?"
A published article is the final published article, including copyediting, stylistic edits, and formatting changes per a specificjournal publisher. It is considered the "version of record" (VoR) because of potential post-publication updates such as errata,
retractions, or other changes. When a publisher provides free access to the VoR, this is considered the "best available version,"and DOE PAGES will link to it exclusively. When the VoR is not publicly available, DOE PAGES will provide access to theaccepted manuscript within 12 months of publication. If the article was published Open Access (OA), the article can be publicly
available immediately without the administrative delay. For more on Open Access, see FAQ "What's the difference between
DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA)?".

What's the difference between DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA)?

"Public Access" comprises the efforts of U.S. federal science agencies to increase access to unclassified scholarly
publications and digital data resulting from federal research and development (R&D) funding. While OSTI has provided publicaccess to DOE's unclassified R&D results throughout its history, the incremental change reflected in the DOE Public Access
Plan is the addition of final accepted manuscripts/journal articles, which OSTI makes publicly available within 12 months ofpublication. Access is provided through both DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV.
While there are various forms of "Open Access", this FAQ defines Open Access as online research outputs that are free of all
restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use (see Wikipedia's Open Access Description). Within the topic ofOpen Access, there are different models such as green and gold OA. Green OA involves author deposit of accepted
manuscripts into institutional or subject repositories, while gold OA typically means the author pays a fee to the publisher toenable open access. While most federal research funding allows for the payment of gold OA fees, DOE's implementation of
public access is based on the green OA model, where authors deposit accepted manuscripts into DOE PAGES or into their
institutional repositories, which are then accessed in DOE PAGES searches. For questions about OA articles, please email
pagescomments@osti.gov.

How is DOE PAGES related to OSTI.GOV?

Access to DOE-funded research results is managed by the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). OSTI
offers several ways for the public to search for and discover scientific and technical information (STI) via freely available
search tools. DOE PAGES contains scholarly publications exclusively. OSTI.GOV provides discovery to many R&D resource
types such as journal articles/accepted manuscripts, technical reports, data, software, patents, conference papers, and more.
Scholarly publication information is also available through the DOE PAGES API and OSTI.GOV API.

Are there restrictions on the use of the material in DOE PAGES?

Although much of the material in DOE PAGES is subject to copyright protection under U.S. law, DOE PAGES users are allowed toread, download, and analyze the available material by virtue of the Federal Government's reserved rights. The Federal
Government retains a royalty-free, irrevocable license to use, modify, reproduce, and publish copyrightable works first produced
under a federal contract or grant. If DOE PAGES users wish to do more than read, download, and analyze available material,
they should contact the respective authors or publishers for permission.
OSTI employs an Acceptable Use Policy to help safeguard and enhance the use of publicly accessible information byprohibiting excessive content requests or activities. Exemptions may be granted to individuals or organizations on a case bycase basis. Email pagescomments@osti.gov with any questions.

What does "administrative interval" mean? How can I access an article still under the "administrative interval"?

DOE, like most other federal agencies, has implemented an embargo, or "administrative interval", for access within 12 months
from the date of publication for journal articles. Individual journals may institute shorter embargo periods, and DOE PAGES will
provide free access earlier than 12 months in those cases.
If you or your institution have a subscription to the journal in which the article was published, you will have access to the article
during the administrative interval and can access the article in DOE PAGES by going to the Publisher's Version of Record link on
the article details pages. If you do not have a subscription, other access options include article purchase or rental, library
access, and contacting the author for scholarly purposes.

Author FAQs
I'm a researcher at a national lab and I've had a manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal; I've
been told I need to submit my manuscript, how do I do it?

A researcher at a national lab or other major DOE facility who has a manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed
journal should use their lab's routine processes for scientific and technical information (STI) submission. They should provide
metadata/citation information for the journal article as well as either an upload of the full-text accepted manuscript or apersistent hyperlink to the accepted manuscript in the lab/site's institutional repository. This procedure is comparable to thelong-established submission process for technical reports and other types of STI. For more detailed instructions, pleasecontact the lab or facility STI point of contact.

I'm a researcher with a grant from DOE and I've had a manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed
journal; I've been told I need to submit my manuscript, how do I do it?

DOE grantees (Financial Assistance Recipients) are to submit their final peer-reviewed accepted manuscripts through E-Link.
Submissions of manuscripts should be submitted once they are accepted for publication, but no later than one year after the
day the journal article is published online. To submit an accepted manuscript, grantees should use the "Financial Assistance
Recipients" tab from the E-Link webpage. Researchers will then use a simple step-by-step submission interface to make thesubmission. Through E-Link, researchers will submit metadata/citation information for the journal article as well as either an
upload of the accepted manuscript or a link to it in a publicly accessible institutional or subject repository. If researchers havethe DOI (digital object identifier) for the journal article, much of the metadata can be populated automatically. OSTI has
prepared a video tutorial to demonstrate how to submit a manuscript. Instructions for submitting are outlined under the"Scientific and Technical Reporting" section of the DOE Federal Reporting Checklist and Instructions, DOE F 4600.2 (seeJournal Article/Accepted Manuscripts, pp. 7-8). Detailed instructions can also be found on E-Link.

How Do Papers Get into DOE PAGES?

What is E-link?

The Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Link system (E-Link), developed and maintained by the DOE Office of Scientific andTechnical Information (OSTI), is used for submitting scientific and technical information (STI) products, including journal article
accepted manuscripts, technical reports, conference proceedings, scientific software, and other types of STI. E-Link facilitates
the electronic submittal of STI to DOE by its client community, including researchers, reviewers, research administrators, andothers doing business with DOE.

How does E-Link relate to DOE PAGES?

Once journal article accepted manuscripts are submitted to E-Link, the record will then be processed appropriately and become
visible and searchable in DOE PAGES.

Does a specific format need to be used for submission of accepted manuscripts?

Accepted manuscripts should be submitted as a PDF (portable document format), Microsoft Word Document (.doc, .docx), or
OpenOffice/OpenDocument (.odf). If submitting a PDF, ensure that it is not encrypted, password protected, or corrupted. It ispreferred that the PDF is compliant with one of four standards and with extractable text. The standards are PDF/A-1a, PDF/A-

2a, PDF/A-3a, or PDF/UA. For more information, please see "Best Practices for Portable Document Format (PDF) Creation".
PDFs submitted to OSTI that are not compliant with one of the four standards or do not have extractable text will take at least
one additional business day to process. The PDF/A and PDF/UA publications are an excellent source on the standards. It is
recommended that a 508-compliant version be submitted because Federal agencies are required to make their electronic andinformation technology accessible to people with disabilities. This applies to web applications, web pages and associatedfiles. DOE PAGES strives to ensure all pages on the site are accessible to the greatest possible number of people and Assistive
Technology devices. The following links can help you develop pages that comply with accessibility laws and guidelines:
Section 508
Guidelines from the Access Board Electronic & Information Technology (link is external) including points (a) through (p) of
Subsection 1194.22 Web-based intranet and internet information and systems (link is external).

What if another author has submitted the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript? Are duplicate submissions aconcern?

No. When you (or another author) submit your final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript and provide the digital object identifier(DOI), OSTI reconciles the submission with any other submissions that have the same DOI. OSTI accounts for the award
number and sponsoring office identified in the submission and merges the information as part of the metadata for theaccepted manuscript record displayed in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV.

I have already submitted my manuscript to NIH's PubMed Central or another government publication repository, but
I am also partially funded by DOE. To comply with public access requirements do I also need to submit my article
information and manuscript to E-Link?

The submission process is simpler when the accepted manuscript has been previously deposited into another government
repository. You still need to provide metadata and a link to the accepted manuscript to E-Link. You can enter the metadata
using the auto-populate feature by entering the DOI for the article (E-Link will pull the metadata from Crossref) or your DOE
contract number. For submission of the accepted manuscript, either a document upload or submission of a link to theaccepted manuscript hosted in a publicly accessible repository is acceptable. E-Link accepts URL links from other government
accepted manuscript repositories, so you can enter your article's PMC URL as the link to the full text.

As a financial assistance recipient I have already reported information about my journal article to the office funding
my award (sponsoring organization) as part of my annual progress report. Do I still need to submit the accepted
manuscript to E-Link?

Yes. While product information related to final peer-reviewed accepted manuscripts is typically reported as part of annual
progress reporting, or the Research Performance Progress Report (RPPR), for the award, the full-text of the accepted
manuscript is not required for these purposes. Therefore, the full-text of the manuscript and metadata associated with it needs
to be submitted to E-Link for public access purposes. The recipient institution of the award is responsible for ensuring theaccepted manuscript is submitted to E-Link. This can be done by the Principal Investigator (PI) on the award, staff in theSponsored Research Office, other researchers, or students.

Who is required to submit peer-reviewed accepted manuscripts for financial assistance awards?

The recipient institution of the award is responsible for ensuring the submission of final peer-reviewed accepted manuscripts
for public access, but the manuscript may be submitted by the Principal Investigator (PI) on the award, staff in the SponsoredResearch Office, other researchers, or students.

I've seen my articles shown as "green" on certain external public access compliance dashboards; does this mean
I've really fulfilled DOE's public access requirements?

Not necessarily. In accordance with DOE's Public Access Plan, any researcher with DOE funding is required to submit metadata
and the full-text of the accepted manuscript to OSTI (or a link to the accepted manuscript where OSTI is allowed to retrieve it
for archiving and dissemination purposes). An external public access compliance dashboard might count an article ascompliant if it is publicly available through any source, such as a publisher's website or other institutional repository. Though
the article may currently be available, these entities are not under any mandate or obligation to ensure long-term, permanent
access and preservation. Furthermore, there is a difference between DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA). For adefinition of Open Access, please see FAQ "What's the difference between DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA)?"
To fulfill DOE's public access requirements, any researcher with DOE funding (including researchers at national labs and DOE
grantees) should submit the metadata and the full-text of the accepted manuscript to OSTI. Researchers at DOE national labs
should follow the established processes and procedures at their respective sites. For more information on how to submit to
OSTI, please see FAQs "I'm a researcher at a national lab and I've had a manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed
journal; I've been told I need to submit my manuscript, how do I do it?" and "I'm a researcher with a grant from DOE and I've hada manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal; I've been told I need to submit my manuscript, how do I doit?"

What about supplemental information that is submitted to journals?

At this time, only accepted manuscripts are required to be provided to OSTI. It is recognized that some publishers require
supplemental information such as data sets when an article is accepted for publication. Separate publicly available datasets
are another form of STI which may be submitted to OSTI. Only metadata/citation information is submitted to OSTI while thedataset(s) is hosted elsewhere in a repository or by the submitting site/research organization. The data can bebibliographically linked to the accepted manuscript by using the related identifier metadata field during submission, but it is nota requirement at this time to provide supplemental information.

What is an Article Processing Charge? What should DOE authors do if asked to pay "author pays" fees?

An article processing charge (APC), also known as a publication fee, is a fee that is sometimes charged to authors in order topublish an article in an open access academic journal (see Wikipedia's APC description). These may also be known as"publication costs." DOE-funded authors are free to publish in journals of their choice, including open access journals, as
authorized by their respective sites. However, regarding "author pays" or article processing charges, it is important for DOEfunded authors to know that it is not necessary to pay "author pays" fees or article processing charges solely to enable publicaccess to their publications. DOE implements public access through its license to the accepted manuscript and through thevoluntary public access efforts of publishers, not through "author pays" models. Authors may choose to publish with an Open
Access journal and pay a fee to do so if their lab/site allows it; however, this is not necessary to comply with DOE's publicaccess policy, and it must be in compliance with allowable costs under the terms of their lab's/site's contract with DOE or theterms of their financial assistance award.

What about copyright transfer and government rights?

Copyright transfer is a standard requirement by publishers that an author submitting an article for publication complete a
Copyright Transfer Agreement prior to an article's acceptance. The wording on the forms may vary from publisher to publisher,
but basic wording includes transfer of copyright to the publisher. However, a key point to note is that, regardless of the specificwording, the Government retains rights to the article. In fact, within the prime contract for DOE Laboratories is wording whichstates: "... (2) The contractor shall mark each scientific or technical article first produced or composed under this Contract andsubmitted for journal publication or similar means of dissemination with a notice, similar in all material respects to thefollowing, on the front reflecting the Government's non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license in the copyright."
Notice: This manuscript has been authored by [insert the name of the Contractor] under Contract No. [insert the contract
number] with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article
for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide
license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government
purposes. (End of Notice) [Ref. DEAR970.5227-2 Rights in data-technology transfer]

My article is copyrighted by the publisher. Can I submit an article that is copyrighted?

No. Copyrighted articles (the final published version) should not be submitted to OSTI. Only final peer-reviewed accepted
manuscripts should be submitted, and DOE has the rights to use the final peer-reviewed version of the manuscript for publicaccess purposes. Please see FAQ " What about copyright transfer and government rights?" for more information. Please do not
submit the copyrighted, published article unless it is published as an "Open Access" article.

Search FAQs
How do I search DOE PAGES?

DOE PAGES search works much like a basic Google search, where you can enter your terms into the basic search box toretrieve results. You can search for a single term or a phrase by putting it in "double quotes." Additionally, DOE PAGES supports
Boolean and proximity operators, wildcards, and parentheses for grouping:
Boolean Operators
DOE PAGES recognizes the operators AND, OR, and NOT.
Example: A search for water AND "climate change" will return results that include both the term water and the phrase climatechange.
Example: A search for water OR "climate change" will return results that include either the term water or the phrase climatechange.
Example: A search for water NOT "climate change" will return results that include the term water but not the phrase climatechange.
+ and - allow for a search to either be required or forbidden in the search results.
Example: A search for energy +water will return results that include the term energy and also include the term water.
Example: A search for energy -water will return results that include the term energy but not the term water.

Proximity Operators
Example: "nuclear energy"~3 will return results where nuclear and energy are within three words of each other in the
bibliographic record.
Parentheses for Grouping
Example: A search for water AND ("climate change" OR energy) will return results that include both the term water and either
the phrase climate change or the term energy.

How do I use the Advanced Search?

The advanced search allows you to perform more complex searches, offering you a number of fields, such as Title, Author,
Article Type, or Publication Date to help you refine your search results.
To access the advanced search, select the green drop-down arrow inside the basic search bar, either on the homepage or at
the top of any subsequent page. To access all the advanced search features, click on the "More Options" selection at thebottom of the advanced search.

Advanced Search Fields:
All Fields
Searches all bibliographic data and the full text of the journal article.
Title
Searches only article titles.
Creator/Author
Searches all author or creator names, including ORCID if available.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Searches the Digital Object Identifier (DOI), a unique persistent identifier assigned to a journal article.
Identifier Numbers

Searches for all identifying numbers, including DOE contract number, report number, non-DOE contract/award numbers, orother identifying numbers such as ISSN. This field searches the metadata fields OSTI ID, Report Number, Grant/Contract
Number, Additional Journal Information, and DOI. For descriptions of these fields, please see "What information is found on the
Full Record page in DOE PAGES?"
Journal Name
Searches the journal title.
Publication Date
Searches for articles that were published within a specified timeframe. Select the starting date or ending date from the dropdown calendar OR type MM/DD/YYYY, e.g. 01/01/2014.
Example:Publication from: 01/01/2014 retrieves all articles published on or after 1/1/2014.
Publication to: 01/01/2014 retrieves all articles published on or before 1/1/2014.
Full Text
Searches only the full text of the document and not the bibliographic data.
Article Type
Allows you to filter your results by article type, including accepted manuscript (AM), published article (PA), and publisher's
accepted manuscript (PM). See "What types of full-text content are available in DOE PAGES?" for detailed descriptions of each.
Subject
Searches both the standardized subject categories and keywords associated with the article.
Site
Opens a drop-down pick list of various DOE sites, such as national laboratories, DOE offices, research sites, etc. that submitted
the article.
Research Org
Searches by the name(s) of the organization(s) that was funded and performed the research described in the article.
Sponsoring Org
Searches the name(s) of the DOE program office(s) that provided the funding for the research contributing to the article.
Update Date
Searches for articles that were added or last updated within a specified timeframe. Select the starting date or ending date fromthe drop-down calendar OR type MM/DD/YYYY, e.g. 01/01/2014.
Example:Updated from: 01/01/2014 retrieves all articles added/updated on or after 1/1/2014.
Updated to: 01/01/2014 retrieves all articles added/updated on or before 1/1/2014.

How do I search by author?

You may use the basic search box to search by an author's full name (using quotations for phrase searching), author last name,or ORCID. Additionally, there is a field on the advanced search screen that allows you to search by name or ORCID in
combination with any other advanced search field.

What information is found on the Full Record page in DOE PAGES?

The information on the Full Record page is bibliographic metadata/information unique to and descriptive of a particular
document. Basic bibliographic data includes the title, author(s), publication date, and journal name. This metadata improves
online search and retrieval, and helps ensure preservation of the document. Below is a list of the metadata that OSTI collects
and that is displayed in DOE PAGES, with those that can be searched using the advanced search fields indicated with anasterisk (*):
Title*- the title of the article
Abstract- summary of the information contained in the article
Author(s)*- includes first and last name, may include middle name/initial, email address, ORCID, or institutional affiliation
Publication Date*- the date the article was published
Research Organization*- the name(s) of the organization(s) that performed the research or issued the scientific and technicalinformation that led to the article.
Sponsoring Organization*- the name(s) of the DOE program office(s) that provided the funding for the research contributing to
the article
OSTI ID*- unique identifier assigned by OSTI upon article submission
Report Number*- unique identifier created by researcher, lab, or institution and associated with the article. May also containother identifying numbers that may have meaning or retrieval utility, such as arXiv.org numbers or numbers assigned by auniversity or domain area repository.
Grant/Contract Number*- the DOE contract number under which the article research was conducted. May also contain nonDOE contract numbers if the research was funded by other organizations.
Resource Type*- accepted manuscript, published article, publisher's accepted manuscript
Journal Name- the name of the journal in which the accepted manuscript is to be published (or was published)
Additional Journal Information*- other information associated with the article, including journal volume and issue number,serial identifier (ISSN), and article page range.
Publisher- the name of the publisher that issues the journal in which the accepted manuscript is to be published (or was
published).
Contributing Organizations- the name(s) of a research/project collaboration, company, institution, or organization the author(s)wishes to acknowledge that are NOT an author affiliation, originating research organization, or funding organization
Country of Publication- the country in which the journal publishing the article is locatedLanguage- the language the article is published in
Subject*- words or phrases that describe the project as summarized in the article. This includes subject categories picked froma standardized authority list or keywords assigned to the article either by the author(s) or journal.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)*-a unique persistent identifier that references a digital object and provides long-term access; DOIs
remain stable even if the underlying address or URL for the content changes.

What information is available on the "References", "Cited By", and "Other Related Research" tabs found on the Full
Record page?

DOE PAGES displays links to related research objects such as journal articles and datasets on tabs found on the Full Record
page for an article. Using reference information from Crossref, Scholix, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO), as well as related identifier information submitted through E-Link, the information available on the tabs helps
demonstrate the interrelationships between research objects and provides a more comprehensive picture of the research
lifecycle.
The "Other Related Research" tab provides the linked research resources under "Related Works", as well as "Similar Records"
that are available in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV. The related works are organized and can be filtered by resource type (journal
article, dataset, figure, patent, etc.). The precise relationship type between the original record and the related work, such as "Is
Supplement To" or "Documents", is also provided for additional context. The related works are accessible to users via digital
object identifiers (DOIs).
The "References" and "Cited By" tabs include reference and citation information, if available, from Crossref, Scholix, and
USPTO.

What information is available on the "Figures/Tables" tab found on the Full Record page of some DOE PAGES
results?

OSTI employs open source software to extract relevant figure and table images from many of its articles. If an article has any
images extracted from the full text document, they will appear on the Full Record page for an article. These can be accessed by
selecting the "Figures/Tables" tab found at the top of the Full Record page or via a sample thumbnail in the left-hand side barof the Full Record page that links to all the figures and tables from the article. The images will be displayed, allowing for searchwithin the images and a sort by image title or page order. Selecting one of the images using this path will open a larger version
in the center of the screen, showing the title and description, as well as a button for download of the full-size image. This view
enables left and right arrows that allow you to scroll back and forth through the images for that document.

What types of full-text content are available in DOE PAGES?

DOE PAGES search results will provide access to accepted manuscripts or published articles. Most typically, access isprovided to accepted manuscripts.
An accepted manuscript, also known as the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript, is the version of the article that has been
accepted for publication by a publisher and includes changes made during the peer-review process. It includes the samecontent as the published version but does not include the publisher's copyediting, stylistic or formatting edits that will
constitute the final "version of record" that appears in a scholarly journal; i.e., it is not a "reprint" or a downloaded PDF of the
published article. Accepted Manuscripts are submitted to OSTI by the author/researcher or the researcher's institution. In
some cases, DOE PAGES will also link to a publisher's accepted manuscript through OSTI's collaboration with the publisher
consortium CHORUS (the Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States). For more information about CHORUS,
please see FAQ "What is CHORUS? What is the relationship to DOE PAGES?"
A published article is the final published article, including copyediting, stylistic edits, and formatting changes per a specificjournal publisher. It is considered the "version of record" (VoR) because of potential post-publication updates such as errata,
retractions, or other changes. When a publisher provides free access to the VoR, this is considered the "best available version,"and DOE PAGES will link to it exclusively. When the VoR is not publicly available, DOE PAGES will provide access to theaccepted manuscript within 12 months of publication. If the article was published Open Access (OA), the article can be publicly
available immediately without the administrative delay. For more on Open Access, see FAQ "What's the difference between
DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA)?".

What are the "Full Text Available" and "Citation Only" filters?

Full Text Available: Includes articles for which DOE PAGES provides access to the full text, either the accepted manuscript or
published article. For more information on this, see FAQ "Can I limit my results to what is publicly accessible?"
Citation Only: Includes all records in DOE PAGES that are still under embargo or administrative delay and are not yet publicly
accessible. For more information on this, see FAQ "During the embargo (or administrative interval) for an article, what isaccessible?"

Are journal articles and accepted manuscripts full-text searchable in DOE PAGES?

Yes, the accepted manuscripts and journal articles have been indexed to enable full-text searching. You can also search easily
by common bibliographic information including author, title, identifying numbers, and publication dates.

What are the benefits of having a DOE PAGES account?

A DOE PAGES account allows you to save searches, set up alerts, and create and export lists in multiple formats including CSV
and XML. Account registration is not mandatory, but it enables more interactive features and customization.
For members of the DOE Community:
While logged on with an approved account, members of the DOE community (DOE Federal employee, contractor, or grantee)
can view additional citation metrics on the article details page, including impact factor, citation impact by journal and by field,
and the percentage rank by field for that year. Users can also view a list of all resources referenced by or citing the article using
the References and Cited By tabs at the top of the reference details page. This information is provided as a service to DOEcommunity users through an agreement with Web of Science.

Additionally, an interactive reference and citation traversal tool has been developed which allows DOE community users to findmore research of interest. By clicking on any title in the References and Cited By lists on either side of the original item, the tree
is redrawn, moving that item to the center and showing its references on the left and cited by works on the right. The originalarticle will appear below the newly selected item, allowing users to keep track of the traversal path. Users can continue totraverse the tree, moving either backwards through references or forward through citations with the path always preserved in
the center of the tree.

How do I register for a DOE PAGES account?

To create a DOE PAGES Account, select the Create Account link at the top right of your screen and enter the requested
information. You are required to provide your email address and create a password. Each account must be registered with aunique email address. After registration, you will be taken to your account management screen. If you are a DOE community

user, a DOE federal employee, contractor or grantee, you are invited to provide some additional information at the time ofregistration, or through your account management screen.

What does the "cited by" number mean?

Cited by refers to the number of times an article is cited by other scholarly works. This total number of citations or cited bynumber is provided through an agreement with Web of Science. If an article in DOE PAGES has been cited by other papers in
the Web of Science index, this number will be provided on both the results page and on the individual detailed record page.
DOE PAGES also offers the ability to sort results by most cited.

Can I sort or refine my results?

Yes, you may refine your results by Article Type, by article Availability (Full Text Available or Citation Only), Journal,
Creator/Author, Publication Date, or by Research Organization. These options are available via the search results page on theleft-hand side of the screen. Sort options on the results page include sorting by relevance, publication date, or most cited.

Can I limit my results to what is publicly accessible?

Yes, on the results page you may use the left-hand refine option "Full Text Available" to limit your results to articles andaccepted manuscripts that are out of the administrative interval, or embargo, and can be freely accessed.

Can I save or download the results of a search?

Yes, if the item is available electronically, a full-text icon will be shown at the right of the result. Items in DOE PAGES are
publicly-available and free.
You also may save the bibliographic/metadata information for a set of results as an RIS, Excel/CSV, XML, or JSON file from theresults screen.
From an individual bibliographic/metadata details page you can export the metadata to Endnote or save it in in RIS, Excel/CSV,
XML, or JSON format. You also have the option to generate a citation for the record in various style formats, including MLA,
APA, Chicago, and BibTex.

How can I view the details about an article?

By clicking the title of an article in the search results list you will be directed to the full record, providing bibliographic
information, article accessibility options, related resources and extracted images if available, as well as citation format andmetadata export options.

I see that I can access either the Accepted Manuscript or go to the publisher's version (via the DOI link) on therecord details page. What's the difference?

Accessing the DOE accepted manuscript provides you with a downloadable full text version (submitted by the DOE researcher
or the researcher's institution) of the version of the article that has been accepted for publication by a publisher and includes
all changes made during the peer-review process, which is also called the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript. The
publisher's accepted manuscript or DOI link directs you to the publisher's article landing/metadata page. The landing page may
offer a free version of record provided by the publisher through DOE's CHORUS agreement (see "What is CHORUS?" FAQ), or will
provide a link accessible to those with a subscription to the journal or allow for the purchase the article.

During the embargo (or administrative interval) for an article, what is accessible?

New content provided to the public includes bibliographic information and related metadata for publications until the embargo(administrative interval) of up to 12 months from the publication date has passed, at which time full-text links and access will
be enabled. During the embargo, citations will include a notation indicating when the full text will be publicly available.

Public Access FAQs
What is DOE's Public Access Plan?

DOE PAGES helps fulfill DOE's Public Access Policy. Public access comprises the efforts of U.S. federal science agencies toincrease access to unclassified scholarly publications and digital data resulting from federal research and development (R&D)
funding. While OSTI has provided public access to DOE's unclassified R&D results throughout its history, the incremental
change reflected in the DOE Public Access Plan is the addition of providing the full-text of DOE-funded scholarly publications,which OSTI makes publicly available within 12 months of publication.
The DOE Public Access Plan ensures the public has access to the published results of DOE-funded research by requiring
researchers to submit metadata and a link to the full-text accepted manuscript (or the full text itself), that arise from DOE
funding, to a designated DOE repository. DOE's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) provides a web-based
portal called DOE Energy Link (E-Link) for the submission of the metadata and a link to the full-text accepted manuscript or
upload of the full text itself. OSTI then provides public access to publications through the DOE Public Access Gateway forEnergy and Science (DOE PAGES). Requirements specify that (1) a minimum set of machine-readable metadata elements,
comprising a metadata record, will be provided with the final accepted manuscript of peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles;(2) the accepted manuscript will be available for download, reading and analysis free of charge no later than 12 months after
initial publication; and (3) the information will be managed to ensure long-term preservation.

Why does DOE have a Public Access Plan?

On February 22, 2013, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) released a memorandum entitled"Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Research." It directed Federal agencies with more than $100 million in
research and development (R&D) expenditures to develop plans to make the published results of federally funded research
freely available to the public within one year of publication, and it requires researchers to better account for and manage thedigital data resulting from federally funded scientific research. DOE's response in its Public Access Plan builds upon its long
tradition of STI management and its established Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP) infrastructure, which
ensures long-term access and preservation of various forms of STI resulting from DOE-funded work.

When did the public access requirement go into effect?

For publications emanating from DOE national laboratories and other DOE facilities, DOE requires public access to any
scholarly publication published on or after October 1, 2014. For DOE financial assistance recipients (i.e., grantees), the publicaccess requirement applies to any award made or renewed on or after October 1, 2014, with the requirement stated in the DOE
terms and conditions of the award. The requirement to submit the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript was incorporated
into DOE Office of Science (SC) financial assistance awards as part of the federal reporting checklist (DOE F 4600.2) in 2015.
Free, public access to the full text is enabled through DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV within 12 months after publication in a journal.

What's the difference between DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA)?

"Public Access" comprises the efforts of U.S. federal science agencies to increase access to unclassified scholarly
publications and digital data resulting from federal research and development (R&D) funding. While OSTI has provided publicaccess to DOE's unclassified R&D results throughout its history, the incremental change reflected in the DOE Public Access
Plan is the addition of final accepted manuscripts/journal articles, which OSTI makes publicly available within 12 months ofpublication. Access is provided through both DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV.
While there are various forms of "Open Access", this FAQ defines Open Access as online research outputs that are free of all
restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use (see Wikipedia's Open Access Description). Within the topic ofOpen Access, there are different models such as green and gold OA. Green OA involves author deposit of accepted
manuscripts into institutional or subject repositories, while gold OA typically means the author pays a fee to the publisher toenable open access. While most federal research funding allows for the payment of gold OA fees, DOE's implementation of
public access is based on the green OA model, where authors deposit accepted manuscripts into DOE PAGES or into their
institutional repositories, which are then accessed in DOE PAGES searches. For questions about OA articles, please email
pagescomments@osti.gov.

I've seen my articles shown as "green" on certain external public access compliance dashboards; does this mean
I've really fulfilled DOE's public access requirements?

Not necessarily. In accordance with DOE's Public Access Plan, any researcher with DOE funding is required to submit metadata
and the full-text of the accepted manuscript to OSTI (or a link to the accepted manuscript where OSTI is allowed to retrieve it
for archiving and dissemination purposes). An external public access compliance dashboard might count an article ascompliant if it is publicly available through any source, such as a publisher's website or other institutional repository. Though
the article may currently be available, these entities are not under any mandate or obligation to ensure long-term, permanent
access and preservation. Furthermore, there is a difference between DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA). For adefinition of Open Access, please see FAQ "What's the difference between DOE's Public Access Plan and Open Access (OA)?"
To fulfill DOE's public access requirements, any researcher with DOE funding (including researchers at national labs and DOE
grantees) should submit the metadata and the full-text of the accepted manuscript to OSTI. Researchers at DOE national labs
should follow the established processes and procedures at their respective sites. For more information on how to submit to
OSTI, please see FAQs "I'm a researcher at a national lab and I've had a manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed
journal; I've been told I need to submit my manuscript, how do I do it?" and "I'm a researcher with a grant from DOE and I've hada manuscript accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal; I've been told I need to submit my manuscript, how do I doit?"

Who can deposit?

All researchers receiving DOE funding are required to submit metadata and a persistent hyperlink to the full-text accepted
manuscript (in an institutional repository) or the full text of the accepted manuscript itself to DOE's Office of Scientific andTechnical Information (OSTI). A list of metadata requirements and instructions for submitting accepted manuscripts can befound here.

What is required for depositing?

All researchers receiving DOE funding are required to submit metadata and a link to the full-text accepted manuscript (or thefull text itself) to DOE's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). A list of metadata requirements and instructions
for submitting accepted manuscripts can be found here.

How can the public search material resulting from DOE-funded research?

Access to DOE-funded research results is managed by the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), which
offers several ways for the public to search for scientific and technical information (STI) via freely available search tools.
Scholarly publications are being made available in the DOE Public Access Gateway for Science and Energy (DOE PAGES).
Another key discovery tool offered is OSTI.GOV which offers access to an array of STI product types, including scholarly
publications, technical reports, patents, data, software, conference papers, and more.

What is DOE PAGES?

The Department of Energy Public Access Gateway for Energy and Science (DOE PAGES) is the DOE discovery tool, developedby the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), that makes peer-reviewed scholarly scientific publications

resulting from DOE research funding publicly accessible to read, download, and analyze.
DOE PAGES offers free public access to the best available full-text version of DOE-funded scholarly publications - either thepeer-reviewed, accepted manuscript or the published scientific journal article - after an administrative interval of 12 months.
Regardless of where DOE-funded publications or accepted manuscripts are hosted, OSTI enables users to search across all
publications in DOE PAGES. OSTI makes these publicly available within 12 months of publication.

What is an "accepted manuscript"?

The accepted manuscript is defined as the version of the article that has been accepted for publication and includes allchanges made during the peer-review process, which is also called the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript. It includes thesame content as the published version but is not the final published version or a reproduction of what appears in the journal;i.e., it is not a "reprint" or a downloaded PDF of the published article. It does not include the publisher's copyediting, stylistic orformatting edits that will constitute the final "version of record" that appears in a scholarly journal. Accepted manuscripts are
submitted to OSTI by the researcher or the researcher's institution. More information about submitting an accepted manuscript
can be found here.

What is a "version of record"?

The version of record (VoR) is the publisher's authoritative copy of the paper, including all modifications from the publishingpeer-review process, copyediting, stylistic edits, and formatting changes per a specific journal publisher. When a publisher
provides free access to the VoR, this is considered the "best available version," and DOE PAGES will link to it exclusively. When
the VoR is not publicly available, DOE PAGES, within 12 months of publication, will provide access to the accepted manuscript.

Does DOE have an embargo or delay for access to journal publications?

Yes, DOE, like most other federal agencies, has implemented an embargo or "administrative delay" for access of up to 12
months from the date of publication for journal articles. Individual journals may institute shorter periods, and DOE PAGES will
provide free access earlier than 12 months in those cases. In any case, DOE's policy is to provide free public access no later
than 12 months after publication.

What is CHORUS? What is the relationship to DOE PAGES?

Following the issuance of the OSTP memorandum in 2013, the publishing community developed a multi-publisher stakeholder
organization, the Clearinghouse for Open Research of the United States (CHORUS), to provide access to metadata for journal
articles resulting from government funding. As a complement to author submissions of accepted manuscripts, DOE PAGES
also links to participating publisher-supplied journal articles via CHORUS-supplied metadata.

Where can I get permission to reproduce articles? How does DOE PAGES address creative reuse?

DOE's Public Access Plan notes that it will work with stakeholders to better understand potential use cases for "creative reuse"
and will explore public-private solutions. If you have a particular use case, please contact us at pagescomments@osti.gov.

What about copyright transfer and government rights?

Copyright transfer is a standard requirement by publishers that an author submitting an article for publication complete a
Copyright Transfer Agreement prior to an article's acceptance. The wording on the forms may vary from publisher to publisher,
but basic wording includes transfer of copyright to the publisher. However, a key point to note is that, regardless of the specificwording, the Government retains rights to the article. In fact, within the prime contract for DOE Laboratories is wording whichstates: "... (2) The contractor shall mark each scientific or technical article first produced or composed under this Contract andsubmitted for journal publication or similar means of dissemination with a notice, similar in all material respects to thefollowing, on the front reflecting the Government's non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license in the copyright."
Notice: This manuscript has been authored by [insert the name of the Contractor] under Contract No. [insert the contract
number] with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article
for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide
license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government
purposes. (End of Notice) [Ref. DEAR970.5227-2 Rights in data-technology transfer]

What if I have more questions?

If you have questions or comments, please feel free to contact us.

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