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1
Reading Test
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After readingeach passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table orgraph).

This passage is adapted from William Maxwell, The Folded
Leaf. ©1959 by William Maxwell. Originally publishedin 1945.

The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road
near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, withtables for two along the walls and tables for fourLine down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,
5 except for the series of murals depicting the four
seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window.
Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash
register, and ordered his dinner. The history book,which he propped against the catsup and the glass
10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him.
Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps,
drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of thebody; also with names and messages no longer clear
and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink
or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had
upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 werefrom tears.
While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed
20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France andthe Allied powers, his right hand managed again andagain to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes hechewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that
he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of
25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in
November of the same year, and all the powers
engaged in the war on either side sent

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Questions 1-10 are based on the following
passage.

2

plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid andimportant assembly ever convoked to discuss and
30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of
Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria,
Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present inperson at the court of the Emperor Francis I in theAustrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and
35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers
of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma,
thought he was through eating and tried to take hisplate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (hisright thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented
France.
A party of four, two men and two women, cameinto the restaurant, all talking at once, and tookpossession of the center table nearest Lymie.
45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts
which exposed the underside of their knees when
they sat down. One of the women had the face of ayoung boy but disguised by one trick or another(rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against
50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent
earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which
as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. Theylaughed more than there seemed any occasion for,while they were deciding between soup and shrimp
55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was
the women’s voices, the terrible not quite sober pitchof the women’s voices which caused Lymie to skim
over two whole pages without knowing what was onthem. Fortunately he realized this and went back.
60 Otherwise he might never have known about the

CO NTI N U E

1

1Over the course of the passage, the primary focus
shifts fromA) Lymie’s inner thoughts to observations made by
the other characters.
B) an exchange between strangers to a satisfying
personal relationship.
C) the physical setting of the scene to the different
characters’ personality traits.
D) Lymie’s experience reading a book to
descriptions of people in the restaurant.

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secret treaty concluded between England, France,
and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia andRussia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten arenewal of the attack. The results of the Congress
65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at
the top of page 68, but before Lymie got halfway
through them, a coat that he recognized as hisfather’s was hung on the hook next to his chair.
Lymie closed the book and said, “I didn’t think you
70 were coming.”
Time is probably no more unkind to sporting
characters than it is to other people, but physicaldecay unsustained by respectability is somehow more
noticeable. Mr. Peters’ hair was turning gray and his
75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight
also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way heused to. His color was poor, and the flower had
disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an
American Legion button.
80
Apparently he himself was not aware that there
had been any change. He straightened his tie
self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu,
he gestured with it so that the two women at the nexttable would notice the diamond ring on the fourth
85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, andalso the fact that his hands showed signs of themanicurist, one can blame on the young man who
had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of
his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of
90 the moon. The young man had never for one second
deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at
Mr. Peters’ elbow, making him do things that were
not becoming in a man of forty-five.

1

3

2
The main purpose of the first paragraph is toA) introduce the passage’s main character byshowing his nightly habits.
B) indicate the date the passage takes place bypresenting period details.
C) convey the passage’s setting by describing a place
and an object.
D) foreshadow an event that is described in detaillater in the passage.

3
It can reasonably be inferred that Irma, the waitress,
thinks Lymie is “through eating” (line 37) becauseA) he has begun reading his book.
B) his plate is empty.
C) he is no longer holding his fork.
D) he has asked her to clear the table.

4
Lymie’s primary impression of the “party of four”(line 42) is that theyA) are noisy and distracting.
B) are a refreshing change from the othercustomers.
C) resemble characters from his history book.
D) represent glamour and youth.

5
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 45-47 (“The women . . . down”)
B) Lines 47-52 (“One . . . was”)
C) Lines 55-59 (“But . . . them”)D) Line 69 (“Lymie . . . book”)

CO NTI N U E

1The narrator indicates that Lymie finally closes thehistory book becauseA) his father has joined him at the table.
B) the people at the other table are too disruptive.
C) he has finished the chapter about the Congress.
D) he is preparing to leave the restaurant.

7
The primary impression created by the narrator’s
description of Mr. Peters in lines 74-79 is that he isA) healthy and fit.
B) angry and menacing.
C) nervous and hesitant.
D) aging and shriveled.

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4

8
The main idea of the last paragraph is that Mr. PetersA) neglects to spend any time with his family
members.
B) behaves as if he is a younger version of himself.
C) is very conscious of symbols of wealth andpower.
D) is preoccupied with the knowledge that he isgrowing old.

CO NTI N U E

1Which choice best supports the conclusion that
Mr. Peters wants to attract attention?
A) Lines 80-81 (“Apparently . . . change”)B) Lines 81-85 (“He straightened . . . hand”)
C) Lines 90-91 (“The young . . . Mr. Peters”)
D) Lines 91-93 (“He was . . . forty-five”)

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5

10
As used in line 93, “becoming” most nearly meansA) emerging.
B) fitting.
C) developing.
D) happening.

CO NTI N U E

1Passage 1 is adapted from Catharine Beecher, Essay on
Slavery and Abolitionism. Originally published in 1837.
Passage 2 is adapted from Angelina E. Grimké, Letters toCatharine Beecher. Originally published in 1838. Grimké
encouraged Southern women to oppose slavery publicly.
Passage 1 is Beecher’s response to Grimké’s views.
Passage 2 is Grimké’s response to Beecher.

Passage 1

Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior,and to the other the subordinate station, and thiswithout any reference to the character or conduct ofLine either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it is
5 for the interest of females, in all respects to conformto the duties of this relation. . . . But while woman
holds a subordinate relation in society to the othersex, it is not because it was designed that her duties
or her influence should be any the less important, or
10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode ofgaining influence and of exercising power should be
altogether different and peculiar. . . .
A man may act on society by the collision of
intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures
15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest;
he may coerce by the combination of public
sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and hedoes not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all
the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to
20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly,
generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.
Woman is to win every thing by peace and love;by making herself so much respected, esteemed andloved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her
25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But
this is to be all accomplished in the domestic andsocial circle. There let every woman become socultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste andjudgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling
30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;—so
unassuming and unambitious, that collision andcompetition will be banished;—so “gentle and easy to
be entreated,” as that every heart will repose in her
presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the
35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them,to which they will yield not only willingly but
proudly. . . .
A woman may seek the aid of co-operation andcombination among her own sex, to assist her in her
40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal andUnauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

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Questions 11-21 are based on the following
passages.

1

6

domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws
a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for
herself or others—whatever binds her in a party
conflict—whatever obliges her in any way to exert
45 coercive influences, throws her out of her
appropriate sphere. If these general principles arecorrect, they are entirely opposed to the plan ofarraying females in any Abolition movement.
Passage 2

The investigation of the rights of the slave has led
50 me to a better understanding of my own. I havefound the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school ofmorals in our land—the school in which humanrights are more fully investigated, and better
understood and taught, than in any other. Here a
55 great fundamental principle is uplifted andilluminated, and from this central light, rays
innumerable stream all around.
Human beings have rights, because they are moral
beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral
60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature,they have essentially the same rights. These rights
may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be
alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as isthat of Lyman Beecher:1 it is stamped on his moral
65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights arefounded in the nature of our moral being, then themere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher
rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To
suppose that it does, would be to deny the
70 self-evident truth, that the “physical constitution is
the mere instrument of the moral nature.” To
suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the
relations, of the two natures, and to reverse theirfunctions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch,
75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making theformer a proprietor, and the latter its property.
When human beings are regarded as moral
beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon thesummit, administering upon rights and
80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance andnothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it ismorally right for man to do, it is morally right for
woman to do. Our duties originate, not fromdifference of sex, but from the diversity of our
85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents
committed to our care, and the different eras inwhich we live.
1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father ofCatharine Beecher.

CO NTI N U E

1In Passage 1, Beecher makes which point about thestatus of women relative to that of men?
A) Women depend on men for their safety andsecurity, but men are largely independent of
women.
B) Women are inferior to men, but women play arole as significant as that played by men.
C) Women have fewer rights than men do, but
women also have fewer responsibilities.
D) Women are superior to men, but tradition
requires women to obey men.

12
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 6-10 (“But . . . all-pervading”)
B) Lines 13-14 (“A man . . . debate”)C) Lines 16-18 (“he may coerce . . . sphere”)
D) Lines 41-46 (“but whatever . . . sphere”)

13
In Passage 1, Beecher implies that women’s effect on
public life is largelyA) overlooked, because few men are interested inwomen’s thoughts about politics.
B) indirect, because women exert their influence
within the home and family life.
C) unnecessary, because men are able to govern
society themselves.
D) symbolic, because women tend to be more
idealistic about politics than men are.

14
As used in line 2, “station” most nearly meansA) region.
B) studio.
C) district.
D) rank.

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11

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7

15
As used in line 12, “peculiar” most nearly meansA) eccentric.
B) surprising.
C) distinctive.
D) infrequent.

16
What is Grimké’s central claim in Passage 2?
A) The rights of individuals are not determined byrace or gender.
B) Men and women must learn to work together toimprove society.
C) Moral rights are the most important distinction
between human beings and animals.
D) Men and women should have equal
opportunities to flourish.

17
In Passage 2, Grimké makes which point abouthuman rights?
A) They are viewed differently in various cultures
around the world.
B) They retain their moral authority regardless ofwhether they are recognized by law.
C) They are sometimes at odds with moral
responsibilities.
D) They have become more advanced and refined
throughout history.

18
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 58-61 (“Human . . . same rights”)B) Lines 61-65 (“These . . . imperishable”)C) Lines 71-76 (“To suppose . . . property”)
D) Lines 77-81 (“When . . . nothingness”)

CO NTI N U E

1Which choice best states the relationship between thetwo passages?
A) Passage 2 illustrates the practical difficulties of a
proposal made in Passage 1.
B) Passage 2 takes issue with the primary argumentof Passage 1.
C) Passage 2 provides a historical context for theperspective offered in Passage 1.
D) Passage 2 elaborates upon several ideas impliedin Passage 1.

20
Based on the passages, both authors would agreewith which of the following claims?
A) Women have moral duties and responsibilities.
B) Men often work selflessly for political change.
C) The ethical obligations of women are often
undervalued.
D) Political activism is as important for women as it
is for men.

21
Beecher would most likely have reacted to lines 65-68(“Now . . . woman”) of Passage 2 withA) sympathy, because she feels that human beings
owe each other a debt to work together in theworld.
B) agreement, because she feels that human
responsibilities are a natural product of humanrights.
C) dismay, because she feels that women actually
have a more difficult role to play in society thanmen do.
D) disagreement, because she feels that the naturesof men and women are fundamentally different.

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19

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8

Questions 22-31 are based on the following
passage and supplementary material.
This passage is adapted from Bryan Walsh, “Whole FoodBlues: Why Organic Agriculture May Not Be So Sustainable.”©2012 by Time Inc.

When it comes to energy, everyone loves
efficiency. Cutting energy waste is one of those goals
that both sides of the political divide can agree on,Line even if they sometimes diverge on how best to get
5 there. Energy efficiency allows us to get more out of
our given resources, which is good for the economyand (mostly) good for the environment as well. In
an increasingly hot and crowded world, the only
sustainable way to live is to get more out of less.
10 Every environmentalist would agree.
But change the conversation to food, andsuddenly efficiency doesn’t look so good.
Conventional industrial agriculture has become
incredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis.
15 Thanks to fertilizers, mechanization and irrigation,
each American farmer feeds over 155 people
worldwide. Conventional farming gets more andmore crop per square foot of cultivated land—
over 170 bushels of corn per acre in Iowa, for
20 example—which can mean less territory needs tobe converted from wilderness to farmland.
And since a third of the planet is already used for
agriculture—destroying forests and other wild
habitats along the way—anything that could help us
25 produce more food on less land would seem to begood for the environment.
Of course, that’s not how most environmentalists
regard their arugula [a leafy green]. They haveembraced organic food as better for the planet—and
30 healthier and tastier, too—than the stuff produced byagricultural corporations. Environmentalists disdain
the enormous amounts of energy needed and waste
created by conventional farming, while organic
practices—forgoing artificial fertilizers and chemical
35 pesticides—are considered far more sustainable.
Sales of organic food rose 7.7% in 2010, up to $26.7
billion—and people are making those purchases fortheir consciences as much as their taste buds.
Yet a new meta-analysis in Nature does the math40 and comes to a hard conclusion: organic farming
yields 25% fewer crops on average than conventional
agriculture. More land is therefore needed to
produce fewer crops—and that means organic
farming may not be as good for the planet as
45 we think.

CO NTI N U E

1Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

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In the Nature analysis, scientists from McGill
University in Montreal and the University of
Minnesota performed an analysis of 66 studies
comparing conventional and organic methods across
50 34 different crop species, from fruits to grains tolegumes. They found that organic farming delivereda lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity
varied widely. For rain-watered legume crops likebeans or perennial crops like fruit trees, organic
55 trailed conventional agriculture by just 5%. Yet for
major cereal crops like corn or wheat, as well as mostvegetables—all of which provide the bulk of theworld’s calories—conventional agriculture
outperformed organics by more than 25%.
60
The main difference is nitrogen, the chemical key
to plant growth. Conventional agriculture makes useof 171 million metric tons of synthetic fertilizer eachyear, and all that nitrogen enables much faster plant
growth than the slower release of nitrogen from the
65 compost or cover crops used in organic farming.
When we talk about a Green Revolution, we reallymean a nitrogen revolution—along with a lotof water.
But not all the nitrogen used in conventional
70 fertilizer ends up in crops—much of it ends up
running off the soil and into the oceans, creating vast
polluted dead zones. We’re already putting more
nitrogen into the soil than the planet can stand overthe long term. And conventional agriculture also
75 depends heavily on chemical pesticides, which canhave unintended side effects.

19What that means is that while conventional
agriculture is more efficient—sometimes much more
efficient—than organic farming, there are trade-offs
80 with each. So an ideal global agriculture system, inthe views of the study’s authors, may borrow the bestfrom both systems, as Jonathan Foley of the
University of Minnesota explained:
85

90

95

The bottom line? Today’s organic farming
practices are probably best deployed in fruit andvegetable farms, where growing nutrition (notjust bulk calories) is the primary goal. But fordelivering sheer calories, especially in our staple
crops of wheat, rice, maize, soybeans and so on,conventional farms have the advantage rightnow.
Looking forward, I think we will need to deploy
different kinds of practices (especially new,mixed approaches that take the best of organicand conventional farming systems) where they
are best suited—geographically, economically,socially, etc.

CO NTI N U E

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1
Figure 1

Organic Yield as a Percentage ofConventional Yield, by Crop Type

Crop Typeall crops (316)fruits (14)oilseed crops (28)cereals (161)vegetables (82)

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

At 100%, the organic yield is the same as
the conventional yield. The number ofobservations for each crop type is shownin parentheses.
Figure 2

Organic Yield as a Percentage ofConventional Yield, by Species

Speciesmaize (74)barley (19)wheat (53)tomato (35)soybean (25)

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

At 100%, the organic yield is the same as
the conventional yield. The number ofobservations for each species is shown inparentheses.
Figures adapted from Verena Seufert, Navin Ramankutty, and Jonathan A. Foley,“Comparing the Yields of Organic and Conventional Agriculture.” ©2012by Nature Publishing Group.

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10

CO NTI N U E

1As used in line 14, “simple” most nearly meansA) straightforward.
B) modest.
C) unadorned.
D) easy.

23
According to the passage, a significant attribute ofconventional agriculture is its ability toA) produce a wide variety of fruits and vegetables.
B) maximize the output of cultivated land.
C) satisfy the dietary needs of the world’s
population.
D) lessen the necessity of nitrogen in plant growth.

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22

1

11

24
Which choice best reflects the perspective of the“environmentalists” (line 27) on conventional
agriculture?
A) It produces inferior fruits and vegetables and isdetrimental to the environment.
B) It is energy efficient and reduces the need toconvert wilderness to farmland.
C) It is good for the environment only in the
short run.
D) It depletes critical resources but protects wildlife
habitats.

25
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 27-28 (“Of course . . . green”)B) Lines 28-31 (“They . . . corporations”)
C) Lines 31-35 (“Environmentalists . . .
sustainable”)D) Lines 42-45 (“More . . . think”)

CO NTI N U E

1Which statement best expresses a relationshipbetween organic farming and conventional farmingthat is presented in the passage?
A) Both are equally sustainable, but they differ
dramatically in the amount of land they require
to produce equivalent yields.
B) Both rely on artificial chemicals for pest control,
but organic farmers use the chemicals sparingly
in conjunction with natural remedies.
C) Both use nitrogen to encourage plant growth,
but the nitrogen used in conventional farming
comes from synthetic sources.
D) Both create a substantial amount of nitrogen
runoff, but only the type of nitrogen found in
fertilizers used in conventional farming can be
dangerous.

27
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 13-14 (“Conventional . . . basis”)B) Lines 22-26 (“And since . . . environment”)C) Lines 51-53 (“They . . . widely”)D) Lines 61-65 (“Conventional . . . farming”)

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26

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12

28
According to Foley, an “ideal global agriculture
system” (line 80)
A) focuses primarily on yield percentages andglobal markets.
B) considers multiple factors in the selection offarming techniques.
C) weighs the economic interests of farmers against
the needs of consumers.
D) puts the nutritional value of produce first andforemost.

29
In line 88, “sheer” most nearly meansA) transparent.
B) abrupt.
C) steep.
D) pure.

CO NTI N U E

1Which statement is best supported by the
information provided in figure 1?
A) The organic yield as a percentage of
conventional yield is greater for vegetables
than for fruits.
B) The organic yield as a percentage of
conventional yield is similar for cereals andall crops.
C) The reported number of observations for eachcrop type exceeds 82.
D) The organic yield as a percentage of
conventional yield is greater for vegetable crops
than it is for oilseed crops.

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30

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13

31
Which of the following claims is supported by
figure 2?
A) Of the organically grown species represented,
soybeans have the lowest yield.
B) The organically grown maize and barley
represented are comparable in their yields toconventionally grown maize and barley.
C) Of the organically grown species represented,
tomatoes have the highest yield.
D) The organically grown species represented havelower yields than their conventionally growncounterparts do.

CO NTI N U E

1The “wisdom of crowds” has become a mantra of
the Internet age. Need to choose a new vacuum
cleaner? Check out the reviews on online merchantLine Amazon. But a new study suggests that such online
5 scores don’t always reveal the best choice. A massive
controlled experiment of Web users finds that suchratings are highly susceptible to irrational “herdbehavior”—and that the herd can be manipulated.
Sometimes the crowd really is wiser than you. The
10 classic examples are guessing the weight of a bull or
the number of gumballs in a jar. Your guess isprobably going to be far from the mark, whereas theaverage of many people’s choices is remarkably close
to the true number.
15
But what happens when the goal is to judge
something less tangible, such as the quality or worth
of a product? According to one theory, the wisdomof the crowd still holds—measuring the aggregate ofpeople’s opinions produces a stable, reliable
20 value. Skeptics, however, argue that people’s
opinions are easily swayed by those of others. So
nudging a crowd early on by presenting contrary
opinions—for example, exposing them to some very
good or very bad attitudes—will steer the crowd in a
25 different direction. To test which hypothesis is true,
you would need to manipulate huge numbers ofpeople, exposing them to false information anddetermining how it affects their opinions.
A team led by Sinan Aral, a network scientist at
30 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology inCambridge, did exactly that. Aral has been secretly
working with a popular website that aggregates news
stories. The website allows users to make comments
about news stories and vote each other’s comments
35 up or down. The vote tallies are visible as a number
next to each comment, and the position of thecomments is chronological. (Stories on the site get an
average of about ten comments and about three votes
per comment.) It’s a follow-up to his experiment
40 using people’s ratings of movies to measure howmuch individual people influence each other online(answer: a lot). This time, he wanted to know how
much the crowd influences the individual, andwhether it can be controlled from outside.

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Questions 32-41 are based on the following
passage and supplementary material.

1

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

14

This passage is adapted from John Bohannon, “Why You
Shouldn’t Trust Internet Comments.” ©2013 by American
Association for the Advancement of Science.

For five months, every comment submitted by auser randomly received an “up” vote (positive); a“down” vote (negative); or as a control, no vote at all.
The team then observed how users rated thosecomments. The users generated more than
50 100,000 comments that were viewed more than
10 million times and rated more than 300,000 times
by other users.
At least when it comes to comments on newssites, the crowd is more herdlike than wise.
55 Comments that received fake positive votes from theresearchers were 32% more likely to receive morepositive votes compared with a control, the teamreports. And those comments were no more likely
than the control to be down-voted by the next viewer
60 to see them. By the end of the study, positively
manipulated comments got an overall boost of about
25%. However, the same did not hold true fornegative manipulation. The ratings of comments that
got a fake down vote were usually negated by an up
65 vote by the next user to see them.
“Our experiment does not reveal the psychology
behind people’s decisions,” Aral says, “but an
intuitive explanation is that people are more
skeptical of negative social influence. They’re more
70 willing to go along with positive opinions from otherpeople.”Duncan Watts, a network scientist at Microsoft
Research in New York City, agrees with that
conclusion. “[But] one question is whether the
75 positive [herding] bias is specific to this site” or truein general, Watts says. He points out that thecategory of the news items in the experiment had astrong effect on how much people could bemanipulated. “I would have thought that ‘business’ is
80 pretty similar to ‘economics,’ yet they find a muchstronger effect (almost 50% stronger) for the former
than the latter. What explains this difference? If we’regoing to apply these findings in the real world, we’ll
need to know the answers.”
85
Will companies be able to boost their products bymanipulating online ratings on a massive scale?
“That is easier said than done,” Watts says. If people
detect—or learn—that comments on a website arebeing manipulated, the herd may spook and leave
90 entirely.
45

CO NTI N U E

1

1
Artificially Up-Voted Comments versus Control Comments
4maximum
artificially
up-voted

Mean scorecontrolminimum

3

2

1
business

cultureandsocietypolitics information fun
technology

economics general
news

Category of news
Mean score: mean of scores for the comments in each category, with the score for each comment being determined by
the number of positive votes from website users minus the number of negative votes
Adapted from Lev Muchnik, Sinan Aral, and Sean J. Taylor, “Social Influence Bias: A Randomized Experiment.” ©2013 by American
Association for the Advancement of Science.

Over the course of the passage, the main focus shifts
from a discussion of an experiment and its results toA) an explanation of the practical applications of
the results.
B) a consideration of the questions prompted by the
results.
C) an analysis of the defects undermining theresults.
D) a conversation with a scientist who disputes theresults.

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32

15

33
The author of the passage suggests that crowds may
be more effective atA) creating controversy than examining an issue
in depth.
B) reinforcing members’ ideas than challenging
those ideas.
C) arriving at accurate quantitative answers than
producing valid qualitative judgments.
D) ranking others’ opinions than developing
genuinely original positions.

CO NTI N U E

1Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Line 9 (“Sometimes . . . you”)
B) Lines 11-14 (“Your . . . number”)C) Lines 17-20 (“According . . . value”)D) Lines 25-28 (“To test . . . opinions”)

35
Which choice best supports the view of the “skeptics”(line 20)?
A) Lines 55-58 (“Comments . . . reports”)
B) Lines 58-60 (“And . . . them”)C) Lines 63-65 (“The ratings . . . them”)D) Lines 76-79 (“He . . . manipulated”)

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34

1

16

36
Which action would best address a question Watts
raises about the study?
A) Providing fewer fake positive comments
B) Using multiple websites to collect ratingsC) Requiring users to register on the website before
votingD) Informing users that voting data are being
analyzed37
As used in line 85, “boost” most nearly meansA) increase.
B) accelerate.
C) promote.
D) protect.

CO NTI N U E

1As used in line 86, “scale” most nearly meansA) level.
B) wage.
C) interval.
D) scheme.

39
In the figure, which category of news has an
artificially up-voted mean score of 2.5?
A) BusinessB) Politics
C) FunD) General news

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38

1

17

40
According to the figure, which category of news
showed the smallest difference in mean score
between artificially up-voted comments and control
comments?
A) Culture and societyB) Information technologyC) FunD) General news

41
Data presented in the figure most directly support
which idea from the passage?
A) The mean score of artificially down-voted
comments is similar to that of the control.
B) The patterns observed in the experiment suggestthat people are suspicious of negative social
influence.
C) The positive bias observed in users of the newssite may not apply to human behavior in othercontexts.
D) The type of story being commented on has an
impact on the degree to which people can be
influenced.

CO NTI N U E

1
In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College
London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out
what effect, if any, all that driving around theLine labyrinthine streets of London might have on
5 cabbies’ brains. When she brought sixteen taxi
drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an
MRI scanner, she found one surprising andimportant difference. The right posterior
hippocampus, a part of the brain known to be
10 involved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger
than normal in the cabbies—a small but verysignificant difference. Maguire concluded that all ofthat way-finding around London had physicallyaltered the gross structure of their brains. The more
15 years a cabbie had been on the road, the more
pronounced the effect.
The brain is a mutable organ, capable—within
limits—of reorganizing itself and readapting to newkinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known as
20 neuroplasticity. It had long been thought that theadult brain was incapable of spawning newneurons—that while learning caused synapses torearrange themselves and new links between brain
cells to form, the brain’s basic anatomical structure
25 was more or less static. Maguire’s study suggested theold inherited wisdom was simply not true.
After her groundbreaking study of London
cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention tomental athletes. She teamed up with Elizabeth
30 Valentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic
monograph Superior Memory, to study ten
individuals who had finished near the top of theWorld Memory Championship. They wanted to findout if the memorizers’ brains were—like the London
35 cabbies’—structurally different from the rest of ours,
or if they were somehow just making better use ofmemory abilities that we all possess.
The researchers put both the mental athletes and agroup of matched control subjects into MRI scanners
40 and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers,
black-and-white photographs of people’s faces, andmagnified images of snowflakes, while their brains
were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it
was possible that they might discover anatomical
45 differences in the brains of the memory champs,...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Questions 42-52 are based on the following
passage.

1

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18

This passage is adapted from Joshua Foer, Moonwalking
with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything.
©2011 by Joshua Foer.

evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized
themselves in the process of doing all that intensive
remembering. But when the researchers reviewed theimaging data, not a single significant structural
50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental
athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from thoseof the control subjects. What’s more, on every single
test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes’
scores came back well within the normal range. The
55 memory champs weren’t smarter, and they didn’t
have special brains.
But there was one telling difference between thebrains of the mental athletes and the control subjects:
When the researchers looked at which parts of the
60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes werememorizing, they found that they were activating
entirely different circuitry. According to thefunctional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain thatwere less active in the control subjects seemed to be
65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.
Surprisingly, when the mental athletes werelearning new information, they were engaging
several regions of the brain known to be involved in
two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial
70 navigation, including the same right posterior
hippocampal region that the London cabbies had
enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At firstglance, this wouldn’t seem to make any sense.
Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in
75 their mind’s eye when they were trying to learn
three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating
like London cabbies when they’re supposed to beremembering the shapes of snowflakes?
Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes
80 to describe exactly what was going through theirminds as they memorized. The mental athletes said
they were consciously converting the information
they were being asked to memorize into images, anddistributing those images along familiar spatial
85 journeys. They weren’t doing this automatically, or
because it was an inborn talent they’d nurtured sincechildhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neuralactivity that Maguire’s fMRIs turned up were theresult of training and practice.

CO NTI N U E

1According to the passage, Maguire’s findings
regarding taxi drivers are significant because theyA) demonstrate the validity of a new method.
B) provide evidence for a popular viewpoint.
C) call into question an earlier consensus.
D) challenge the authenticity of previous data.

43
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 8-12 (“The right . . . difference”)B) Lines 12-16 (“Maguire . . . effect”)C) Lines 17-20 (“The brain . . . neuroplasticity”)
D) Lines 20-26 (“It had . . . true”)

44
As used in line 24, “basic” most nearly meansA) initial.
B) simple.
C) necessary.
D) fundamental.

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42

1

19

45
Which question was Maguire’s study of mental
athletes primarily intended to answer?
A) Does the act of memorization make use ofdifferent brain structures than does the act ofnavigation?
B) Do mental athletes inherit their unusual brain
structures, or do the structures develop as aresult of specific activities?
C) Does heightened memorization ability reflect
abnormal brain structure or an unusual use of
normal brain structure?
D) What is the relationship between general
cognitive ability and the unusual brain structuresof mental athletes?

46
Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 27-29 (“After . . . athletes”)B) Lines 33-37 (“They . . . possess”)C) Lines 38-43 (“The researchers . . . scanned”)
D) Lines 52-54 (“What’s . . . range”)

CO NTI N U E

1As used in line 39, “matched” most nearly meansA) comparable.
B) identical.
C) distinguishable.
D) competing.

48
The main purpose of the fifth paragraph(lines 57-65) is toA) relate Maguire’s study of mental athletes to herstudy of taxi drivers.
B) speculate on the reason for Maguire’s
unexpected results.
C) identify an important finding of Maguire’s studyof mental athletes.
D) transition from a summary of Maguire’s findings
to a description of her methods.

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47

1

20

49
According to the passage, when compared to mental
athletes, the individuals in the control group in
Maguire’s second studyA) showed less brain activity overall.
B) demonstrated a wider range of cognitive ability.
C) exhibited different patterns of brain activity.
D) displayed noticeably smaller hippocampal
regions.

50
The passage most strongly suggests that mental
athletes are successful at memorization because theyA) exploit parts of the brain not normally used inroutine memorization.
B) convert information they are trying to memorize
into abstract symbols.
C) organize information into numerical lists prior
to memorization.
D) exercise their brains regularly through puzzles
and other mental challenges.

CO NTI N U E

1Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?
A) Lines 66-72 (“Surprisingly . . . way-finding”)
B) Lines 72-73 (“At first . . . sense”)
C) Lines 79-81 (“Maguire . . . memorized”)D) Lines 85-87 (“They . . . childhood”).....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

51

1
52
The questions in lines 74-78 primarily serve toA) raise doubts about the reliability of theconclusions reached by Maguire.
B) emphasize and elaborate on an initially puzzling
result of Maguire’s study of mental athletes.
C) imply that Maguire’s findings undermine earlier
studies of the same phenomenon.
D) introduce and explain a connection between
Maguire’s two studies and her earlier work.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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21

2

2
Writing and Language Test
35 M I NU TES, 4 4 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, youwill consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors insentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revisingand editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to theconventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of thepassage as it is.

Prehistoric Printing
Paleontologists are using modern technology to gaina greater understanding of the distant past. With the aidof computed tomography (CT) scanning and 3-D
printing, researchers are able to create accurate models ofprehistoric fossils. 1 These models have expanded

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...................................................................................................................................

Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.

22

1
At this point, the writer is considering adding thefollowing sentence.
Fossils provide paleontologists with a convenient
way of estimating the age of the rock in which
the fossils are found.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it supports the paragraph’s
argument with an important detail.
B) Yes, because it provides a logical transition fromthe preceding sentence.
C) No, because it is not directly related to the main
point of the paragraph.
D) No, because it undermines the main claim of theparagraph.

CO NTI N U E

2to advance the field of paleontology in the years to come.
CT scanners use X-rays to map the surface of a fossilin minute detail, recording as many as one million data
points to create a digital blueprint. A 3-D printer thenbuilds a polymer model based on this blueprint, much asa regular computer printer reproduces digital documents
on paper. 3 Whereas the head of an ordinary computer
printer moves back and forth while printing ink onto
paper, the corresponding part of a 3-D printer moves in
multiple dimensions while squirting out thin layers ofmelted polymer plastic. The plastic hardens quickly,
4 it allows the printer to build the layers of the final
model. Compared with older ways of modeling fossils,
scanning and printing in this way is extremely versatile.

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researchers’ knowledge of ancient species and 2 swear

2

23

2
A) NO CHANGE
B) subscribeC) vowD) promise

3
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A) Kept, because it helps explain why X-rays areused in CT scanners.
B) Kept, because it provides details to illustrate how
a 3-D printer works.
C) Deleted, because it contradicts the passage’s
information about digital blueprints.
D) Deleted, because it creates confusion about how
researchers gather data.

4A) NO CHANGE
B) thisC) whichD) that

CO NTI N U E

2technology is its ability to create scale reproductions offossils. [2] But now 3-D scale models can be rearranged
with ease, which is a huge boon to scientists. [3] A teamled by Drexel University professor Kenneth Lacovara ismaking models of dinosaur bones one-tenth the bones’
original sizes 5 in order to learn how they fit together
when the animals were alive. [4] In the past, suchresearch was limited by the weight and bulk of the fossils
as well as 6 its preciousness and fragility. [5] In manycases, scientists had to rearrange bones virtually, using
artists’ renderings. 7
Because CT scanners can map objects that are
impossible to excavate, CT scanning and 3-D printing
can also be used to reproduce fossils that scientists
cannot observe firsthand. 8 By contrast, researchers

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[1] One significant benefit of 3-D printing

2

24

5
A) NO CHANGE
B) in order for learningC) so that one is learningD) so to learn

6A) NO CHANGE
B) it’sC) theirD) there7
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2
should be placedA) where it is now.
B) before sentence 1.
C) after sentence 4.
D) after sentence 5.

8A) NO CHANGE
B) Nonetheless,C) Besides,
D) For example,

CO NTI N U E

2this technique to study a fossilized skeleton that was
discovered protruding from a rock at an old São Paulorailroad site. 10 The fossil was too delicate to be
removed from the rock. Because of the fossil’s delicate
nature, the team dug up a block of stone around the fossil
and brought it to their lab. With the aid of a CT scannerand a 3-D printer, they were able to produce a resin
model of the fossil. Examining the model, the researchersdetermined that 11 one had found a new species, a
75-million-year-old crocodile. While not every discovery
will be as dramatic as this one, paleontologists anticipate
further expanding their knowledge of ancient life-forms
as CT scanning and 3-D printing continue to make fossils
more accessible.

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from the National Museum of Brazil 9 has relied on

2

25

9
A) NO CHANGE
B) reliedC) will relyD) is relying

10
Which choice most effectively combines theunderlined sentences?
A) The fossil could not be removed from the rockon account of it being too delicate; moreover, theteam dug up a block of stone around it andbrought it to their lab.
B) The team thought the fossil was too delicate toremove from the rock, and their next decision
was to dig up a block of stone around the fossil
and bring it to their lab.
C) The fossil was too delicate to be removed fromthe rock, so the team dug up a block of stonearound the fossil and brought it to their lab.
D) In removing the fossil from the rock, the teamfound it was too delicate; then they dug up a
block of stone around the fossil and brought it totheir lab.

11A) NO CHANGE
B) he or sheC) theyD) it

CO NTI N U E

2Thomas Nast, the Crusading Cartoonist“Stop them pictures!” Legend has it that the corrupt
politician William “Boss” Tweed once used those words
when ordering someone to offer a bribe to Thomas Nast,
an artist who had become famous for cartoons that called
for reforms to end corruption. 12 As a result, Tweed’s
attempt to silence the artist failed, and Nast’s cartoons,published in magazines like Harper’s Weekly, actually
played a key role in bringing Boss Tweed and his cronies
to justice.
13 There were powerful political organizations in
the 1860s and the 1870s. The organizations were known
as “political machines” and started taking control of city
governments. These political machines were able to packlegislatures and courts with hand-picked supporters bypurchasing 14 votes, a form of election fraud involving
the exchange of money or favors for votes. Once a
political machine had control of enough important
positions, its members were able to use public funds toenrich themselves and their friends. Boss Tweed’s
Tammany Hall group, which controlled New York
15 City in the 1860s—stole more than $30 million,

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Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage.

2

26

12
A) NO CHANGE
B) Therefore,C) Furthermore,D) DELETE the underlined portion.

13
Which choice most effectively combines theunderlined sentences?
A) Powerful political organizations in the 1860s andthe 1870s started taking control of city
governments, and they were known as“political machines.”B) Known as “political machines,” in the 1860s andthe 1870s, political organizations that werepowerful started taking control of city
governments.
C) City governments were taken control of in the1860s and the 1870s, and powerful politicalorganizations known as “political machines”
did so.
D) In the 1860s and the 1870s, powerful politicalorganizations known as “political machines”
started taking control of city governments.

14A) NO CHANGE
B) votes, beingC) votes, that isD) votes, which it is

15A) NO CHANGE
B) City in the 1860s,
C) City, in the 1860s,
D) City in the 1860s

CO NTI N U E

216 Tweed had been elected to a single two-year term inCongress in 1852. Tammany Hall was so powerful and17 corrupt that, the New York Times, commented“There is absolutely nothing . . . in the city which isbeyond the reach of the insatiable gang.”
Given the extent of Tweed’s power, it is remarkablethat a single cartoonist could have played such asignificant role in bringing about his downfall. Nast’s
cartoons depicted Tweed as a great big bloated thief. Oneof the artist’s most 18 famous images showed Tweed
with a bag of money in place of his 19 head. Anotherfeatured Tweed leaning against a ballot box with thecaption “As long as I count the votes, what are you goingto do about it?” These cartoons were so effective in part
because many of the citizens who supported Tweed were
illiterate and thus could not read the newspaper accountsof his criminal activities. Nast’s cartoons, though, widely
exposed the public to the injustice of Tweed’s politicalmachine.

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the equivalent of more than $365 million today.

2

27

16
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A) Kept, because it introduces the quote from the
New York Times in the next sentence.
B) Kept, because it adds a vital detail about Tweed
that is necessary to understand his power.
C) Deleted, because it blurs the focus of theparagraph by introducing loosely related
information.
D) Deleted, because it contains information that
undermines the main claim of the passage.

17A) NO CHANGE
B) corrupt, that the New York Times commented,
C) corrupt that the New York Times commented,D) corrupt that the New York Times, commented

18A) NO CHANGE
B) famous and well-knownC) famous and commonly knownD) famous, commonly known

19
Which choice adds the most relevant supporting
information to the paragraph?
A) head; like many other Nast cartoons, that one
was published in Harper’s Weekly.
B) head; Nast would later illustrate Tweed’s escapefrom prison.
C) head, one depiction that omits Tweed’s
signature hat.
D) head, an image that perfectly captured Tweed’s
greedy nature.

CO NTI N U E

2Tammany Hall gang was ultimately successful. In theelections of 1871, the public voted against most of theTammany Hall candidates, greatly weakening Tweed’s
power. Eventually, Tweed and his gang were
20 persecuted for a number of charges, including fraud
and larceny, and many of them were sent to jail. In 1875
Tweed escaped from jail and fled to Spain andunwittingly 21 brought about one final 22 pinnacle forthe power of political cartoons: A Spanish police officer
recognized Tweed from one of Nast’s cartoons.
Consequently, Tweed was sent back to jail, and Nast washailed as the man who toppled the great Tammany Hall
machine.

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Nast’s campaign to bring down Tweed and the

2

28

20
A) NO CHANGE
B) persecuted onC) persecuted withD) prosecuted on

21A) NO CHANGE
B) bringingC) brings
D) has brought

22A) NO CHANGE
B) triumphC) culminationD) apex

CO NTI N U E

2Rethinking Crowdfunding in the Arts
Crowdfunding is a popular way to raise money using
the Internet. The process sounds simple: an artist,
entrepreneur, or other innovator takes his or her ideas
straight to the public via a crowdfunding website. The
innovator creates a video about the project and offers, inexchange for donations, a series of “perks,” fromacknowledgment on a social media site to a small piece ofart. Many crowdfunding programs are all-or-nothing; inother words, the innovator must garner 100 percent
funding for the project or the money is refunded to thedonors. At 23 it’s best, the system can give creators
direct access to millions of potential backers.
The home page of one leading crowdfunding sitefeatures a project to manufacture pinhole cameras on a
3‑D printer. 24 The idea is obviously very attractive. An
obscure method of photography may be made available
to many with little expense. Within weeks, the project
was 621 percent funded. In contrast, on the same page, asmall Brooklyn performance venue is attempting to raisemoney for its current season. The venue features works ofperformance art showcased in a storefront window.
Those who have seen the space consider it vital.
25 However, that group may not be large enough; withjust fourteen days to go in the fund-raising period, thecampaign is only 46 percent funded.

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Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage
and supplementary material.

2

29

23
A) NO CHANGE
B) itsC) its’D) their

24
Which choice most effectively combines theunderlined sentences?
A) With the idea being obviously very attractive, an
obscure method of photography may be madeavailable to many at little expense.
B) The idea is obviously very attractive: an obscuremethod of photography may be made available
to many at little expense.
C) An obscure method of photography may bemade available to many at little expense, and theidea is obviously very attractive.
D) An obscure method of photography, an idea thatis obviously very attractive, may be madeavailable to many at little expense.

25A) NO CHANGE
B) Therefore,C) In effect,
D) As a rule,

CO NTI N U E

2crowdfunding exacerbates problems that already exist.
26 Work, that is easily understood and appreciated, is
supported, while more complex work goes unnoticed.
27 Time that could be used creating art is spent devisingclever perks to draw the attention of potential
contributors. 28 In addition, audiences may containmany “free 29 riders,” they did not make contributions.

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Artists such as these Brooklyn performers find that

2

30

26
A) NO CHANGE
B) Work that is easily understood and appreciatedis supported,C) Work that is easily understood, and appreciatedis supportedD) Work—that is easily understood andappreciated—is supported,

27
At this point, the writer is considering adding thefollowing sentence.
Crowdfunding tends to attract contributors froma wide variety of professional fields.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it gives more information about thepeople who donate to crowdfunding campaigns.
B) Yes, because it reinforces the writer’s point about
the funding of artistic projects.
C) No, because it fails to take into account projectfunding received from public institutions.
D) No, because it blurs the focus of the paragraphby introducing a poorly integrated piece of
information.

28A) NO CHANGE
B) Conversely,C) However,D) Thus,

29A) NO CHANGE
B) riders,” not makingC) riders,” who did not makeD) riders” to not make

CO NTI N U E

2overall funding for the arts if people begin to feel thatpaying for the art 30 loved by them is someone else’s
responsibility.
[1] One innovative playwright has woven the
deficiencies of the system into her crowdfunding model.
[2] Though the price for her tickets was higher than thatof tickets for comparable shows, it was still affordable tomost theatergoers—and reflected the real cost of theperformance. [3] She presented the total cost for
producing her play on a crowdfunding site. [4] Then she
divided the total cost by the number of people she
expected to attend the performance. [5] The result of thecalculation was the minimum donor price, and only
donors who paid at least the minimum ticket price wereallowed to attend the performance. [6] By subverting thepresumption that money used for her project is analtruistic donation, the playwright showed that 31 ourwork has monetary value to those who enjoy it. 32

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Ironically, the success of crowdfunding may weaken

2

31

30
A) NO CHANGE
B) they loveC) loved by him or herD) he or she loves

31A) NO CHANGE
B) theirC) herD) its32
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2
should be placedA) where it is now.
B) after sentence 3.
C) after sentence 4.
D) after sentence 5.

CO NTI N U E

2

2
Crowdfunded Projects on Kickstarter in 2012

games

food

dance

publishingfashiontheater

food

dance

art

art

theaterfoodtheaterphotography

photography

fashion

art

games

photography

games

publishingdance

publishingfashion0

25 50 75 100
Money raised(millions of dollars)

0

25 50 75 100
Average pledge(dollars)

0 25 50 75 100
Success rate (percent
of fully funded projects)

Adapted from “These Were the Most Successful Projects on Kickstarter Last Year.” ©2013 by The Economist Newspaper Limited.

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Question 33 asks about the graphic.

32

33
Which choice offers an accurate interpretation of thedata in the graphs?
A) The project category with the lowest amount ofmoney raised was also the most successfully
funded project category.
B) The project category with the highest averagepledge amount was also the most successfully
funded project category.
C) The project category with the lowest averagepledge amount was also the project category thatraised the most money.
D) The project category with the highest averagepledge amount was also the project category withthe most money raised.

CO NTI N U E

2Investigative Journalism: An Evolving American
Tradition[1] The recent precipitous decline of print journalism
as a viable profession has exacerbated long-held concerns
about the state of investigative reporting in the UnitedStates. [2] Facing lower print circulation and diminishedadvertising revenue, many major newspapers have
reduced or eliminated investigative resources.
[3] Newspapers, the traditional nurturing ground forinvestigative journalism, have been hit especially hard by
the widespread availability of free news online. [4] To
survive, investigative journalism must continue to adapt
to the digital age. 34
It is not difficult to understand why
a cash-strapped, understaffed publication might feelpressure to cut teams of investigative
35 reporter’s—their work is expensive andtime-consuming. 36 Taking on the public interest,
investigative journalism involves original, often
long-form reporting on such topics as 37 illegal
activities, street crime, corporate wrongdoing, andpolitical corruption. An investigative story involves one
or more experienced journalists dedicating their fullenergy and the resources of the publisher to a piece for a
prolonged period of time. Expensive legal battles may
ensue. The results of this work, though costly, have

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage.

2

33

34
For the sake of the logic and cohesion of theparagraph, sentence 3 should beA) placed where it is now.
B) placed before sentence 1.
C) placed after sentence 1.
D) DELETED from the paragraph.

35A) NO CHANGE
B) reporters:C) reporters,D) reporter’s;36A) NO CHANGEB) Undertaken inC) OvertakingD) Taking off from37A) NO CHANGE
B) business scandals,C) abuse of government power,D) DELETE the underlined portion.

CO NTI N U E

2Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl
Bernstein of government misconduct in the Watergate
scandal resulted in the resignation of President Richard
Nixon in 1974. More recently, Seymour Hersh, reportingfor the New Yorker in 2004, helped publicize themistreatment of Iraqi prisoners by US personnel at
Abu Ghraib during the Iraq War. 38 In these and othercases, exposure from reporters has served as animportant 39 blockade to or scolding of malfeasance.

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

helped keep those in power accountable. The exposure by

2

34

38
At this point, the writer is considering adding thefollowing sentence.
In 1954, Edward R. Murrow and Fred Friendly
produced episodes of the CBS television show
See It Now that contributed to the end of
US senator Joseph McCarthy’s anticommunist“witch hunts.”
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it helps clarify that the passage’s
main focus is on investigations of politicalcorruption.
B) Yes, because it offers an important counterpoint
to the other cases previously described in theparagraph.
C) No, because it gives an example that is both
chronologically and substantively out of place inthe paragraph.
D) No, because it provides an example that isinconsistent with the passage’s definition of
investigative journalism.

39A) NO CHANGE
B) interference to or condemnation ofC) drag on or reproof ofD) deterrent or rebuke to

CO NTI N U E

2
media 40 could not entail the end of investigative
journalism. 41 Although many newsrooms have
reduced their staff, some still employ investigative
reporters. Nonprofit 42 enterprises such as theOrganized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project havebegun to fill the void created by staff losses at newspapers
and magazines. Enterprising freelance reporters, newly
funded by nonprofits, make extensive use of social media,

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

While worrisome, the decline of traditional print

2

35

40
Which choice most effectively suggests that the“end of investigative journalism” is a real possibility
but one that can be prevented?
A) NO CHANGE
B) needC) willD) must41
Which choice most effectively sets up the examples
in the following sentences?
A) NO CHANGE
B) Investigative journalism also declined between
the 1930s and 1950s, only to be revived in
the 1960s.
C) According to the Pew Research Center, more
people get their national and international news
from the Internet than from newspapers.
D) Indeed, recent years have witnessed innovative
adjustments to changing times.

42A) NO CHANGE
B) enterprises: such asC) enterprises such as:D) enterprises, such as

CO NTI N U E

2

2

conversation about key issues. The Help Me Investigate
project, 43 for example, solicited readers to submit tips
and information related to ongoing stories to its website.
Far from marking the end of investigative journalism,
44 cooperation among journalists and ordinary citizens
has been facilitated by the advent of the digital age
through an increase in the number of potential
investigators.

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

including blogs and Twitter, to foster a public

43A) NO CHANGE
B) therefore,C) however,D) in any case,

44A) NO CHANGE
B) the number of potential investigators has
increased since the advent of the digital age
owing to the facilitation of cooperation among
journalists and ordinary citizens.
C) the advent of the digital age has increased thenumber of potential investigators by facilitating
cooperation among journalists and ordinary
citizens.
D) by facilitating cooperation among journalists
and ordinary citizens the advent of the digitalage has increased the number of potential
investigators.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

36

No Test Material On This Page

33Math Test – No Calculator
25 M I NU TES, 2 0 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer tothe directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x forwhich f(x) is a real number.



r

w

A = pr 2
C = 2prb
1
A = bh2

A = w

h



h

r

w

V = whac 2 = a2 + b 2

r

h

2x

c

b

4
V = pr 3
3

x

s 45°

s√2

30°
45°
s
x√3
Special Right Triangleshhr

V = pr 2h60°

1
V = pr 2h3

V = 1 wh3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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38w

CO NTI N U E

3

3
y


1
O

1

x

Which of the following is an equation of line A in
the xy-plane above?
A) x = 1
B) y = 1
C) y = x
D) y = x + 1

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1

39

2

A

C

O

The circle above with center O has a circumferenceAC ?
of 36. What is the length of minor arc p
A)

9

B) 12
C) 18
D) 36

3
What are the solutions of the quadratic equation

4x 2 − 8x − 12 = 0 ?
A) x = −1 and x = −3
B) x = −1 and x = 3
C) x = 1 and x = −3
D) x = 1 and x = 3

CO NTI N U E

33

Which of the following is an example of a function
whose graph in the xy-plane has no x-intercepts?
A) A linear function whose rate of change is not
zeroB) A quadratic function with real zerosC) A quadratic function with no real zeros
D) A cubic polynomial with at least one real zero5

k+2 −x=0
In the equation above, k is a constant. If x = 9 , whatis the value of k ?
A)

1

B)

7

C) 16
D) 79

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4

40

6
Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of
the expressions a2 − 1 and a + 1 ?
A) a2 + aB) a3 − 1C) 2a2D) a3

7Jackie has two summer jobs. She works as a tutor,
which pays $12 per hour, and she works as alifeguard, which pays $9.50 per hour. She can work
no more than 20 hours per week, but she wants toearn at least $220 per week. Which of the following
systems of inequalities represents this situation interms of x and y, where x is the number of hours
she tutors and y is the number of hours she works as
a lifeguard?
A) 12x + 9.5y ≤ 220
x + y ≥ 20
B) 12x + 9.5y ≤ 220
x + y ≤ 20
C) 12x + 9.5y ≥ 220
x + y ≤ 20
D) 12x + 9.5y ≥ 220
x + y ≥ 20

CO NTI N U E

3In air, the speed of sound S, in meters per second,
is a linear function of the air temperature T, indegrees Celsius, and is given by S(T ) = 0.6T + 331.4.
Which of the following statements is the bestinterpretation of the number 331.4 in this context?
A) The speed of sound, in meters per second, at
0°CB) The speed of sound, in meters per second,
at 0.6°C
C) The increase in the speed of sound, in meters per
second, that corresponds to an increase of 1°CD) The increase in the speed of sound, in meters per
second, that corresponds to an increase of 0.6°C

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

8

3

41

9

y = x22 y + 6 = 2( x + 3)
If (x, y) is a solution of the system of equations
above and x > 0, what is the value of xy ?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 9

10
If a2 + b 2 = z and ab = y , which of the following isequivalent to 4z + 8y ?
A) (a + 2b)2B) (2a + 2b)2C) (4a + 4b)2D) (4a + 8b)2

CO NTI N U E

3

3

The volume of right circular cylinder A is 22 cubic
centimeters. What is the volume, in cubic
centimeters, of a right circular cylinder with twice theradius and half the height of cylinder A?
A) 11
B) 22
C) 44
D) 66

12
Which of the following is equivalent to 9
A)

3

9

B)

4

9

C)

3

D) 3 3

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34?

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11

42

13
At a restaurant, n cups of tea are made by addingt tea bags to hot water. If t = n + 2 , how many
additional tea bags are needed to make each
additional cup of tea?
A) NoneB) OneC) TwoD) Three

CO NTI N U E

33f ( x ) = 2x + 1

The function f is defined by the equation above.
Which of the following is the graph of y = − f (x) in
the xy-plane?

y

A)

1
1

x

y

B)

1
1

x

y

C)

1
1

x

y

D)

1
1

x

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

14

43

15
Alan drives an average of 100 miles each week. His
car can travel an average of 25 miles per gallon ofgasoline. Alan would like to reduce his weekly
expenditure on gasoline by $5. Assuming gasoline
costs $4 per gallon, which equation can Alan use todetermine how many fewer average miles, m, heshould drive each week?
A)

25
m = 95
4

B)

25
m=5
4

C)

4
m = 95
25

D)

4
m=5
25

CO NTI N U E

337
Answer: 12

For questions 16-20, solve the problem andenter your answer in the grid, as described
below, on the answer sheet.
1. Although not required, it is suggested thatyou write your answer in the boxes at the topof the columns to help you fill in the circles
accurately. You will receive credit only if thecircles are filled in correctly.
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.

Write
answerin boxes.

7 / 12
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Grid inresult.

2

as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the

2 / 3

/

2 . 5
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

. 666

Decimal
point

. 667

/ /
/ /
. . . .
. . . .
.
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 1 11 1 1 11
2 2 2 22 2 2 22
3 3 3 33 3 3 33
4 4 4 44 4 4 44
5 5 5 55 5 5 55
6 6 6 66 6 6 66
7 7 7 77 7 7 77
8 8 8 88 8 8 88
9 9 9 99 9 9 99Answer: 201 – either position is correct

grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .)2
2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal
answer with more digits than the grid canaccommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.

201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 3.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Fractionline

2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:

5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded
/

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

Answer: 2.5

44

201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 3
.

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

NOTE: You
may start youranswers in any
column, spacepermitting.
Columns you
don’t need touse should beleft blank.

CO NTI N U E

33

Maria plans to rent a boat. The boat rental costs $60
per hour, and she will also have to pay for a watersafety course that costs $10. Maria wants to spend no
more than $280 for the rental and the course. If theboat rental is available only for a whole number ofhours, what is the maximum number of hours forwhich Maria can rent the boat?

17

2( p + 1) + 8 ( p − 1 ) = 5 p
What value of p is the solution of the equation
above?

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

16

45

18

1
21
(2 x + y ) =22
y = 2xThe system of equations above has solution (x, y) .
What is the value of x ?

CO NTI N U E

33
2x + 62( x + 2)−2
x+2

The expression above is equivalent toa(x + 2)2where a is a positive constant and x ≠ −2.
What is the value of a ?

,.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

19

20
Intersecting lines r, s, and t are shown below.

s
106°

x°

23°

r
t

What is the value of x ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

46

No Test Material On This Page

44Math Test – Calculator
55 M I NU TES, 3 8 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer tothe directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x forwhich f(x) is a real number.



r

w

A = pr 2
C = 2prb
1
A = bh2

A = whhr

V = whbac 2 = a2 + b 2

r

h

w

2x

c

4
V = pr 3
3

x

s 45°

s√2

30°
45°
s
x√3
Special Right Triangleshhr

V = pr 2h60°

1
V = pr 2h3

V = 1 wh3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

48w

CO NTI N U E

44
Number of 3-D Movies Released by Year

Number of
3-D movies released

50
40
30
20
10
0
2

3
00

4
00

2

2

5
00

2

6
00

7
00

8
00

2
2
Year

2

9
00

0
01

2

According to the line graph above, between which
two consecutive years was there the greatest change
in the number of 3‑D movies released?
A) 2003–2004
B) 2008–2009
C) 2009–2010
D) 2010–2011

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

2

1
01

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1

49

2
x

f (x )

1

5

3

13

5

21

Some values of the linear function f are shown in thetable above. Which of the following defines f ?
A) f (x) = 2x + 3B) f (x) = 3x + 2C) f (x) = 4x + 1
D) f (x) = 5x

3
To make a bakery’s signature chocolate muffins, abaker needs 2.5 ounces of chocolate for each muffin.
How many pounds of chocolate are needed to make48 signature chocolate muffins?
(1 pound = 16 ounces)
A)

7.5

B)

10

C)

50.5

D) 120CO NTI N U E

4
If 3(c + d) = 5 , what is the value of c + d ?
A)

3
5

B)

5
3

C) 3
D) 5

5
The weight of an object on Venus is approximately

9of its weight on Earth. The weight of an object
1023of its weight on
on Jupiter is approximately
10
Earth. If an object weighs 100 pounds on Earth,approximately how many more pounds does itweigh on Jupiter than it weighs on Venus?
A)90B) 111
C) 140D) 230

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

4

4

50

6
An online bookstore sells novels and magazines.
Each novel sells for $4, and each magazine sells for$1. If Sadie purchased a total of 11 novels andmagazines that have a combined selling price of $20,
how many novels did she purchase?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

CO NTI N U E

44

The Downtown Business Association (DBA) in acertain city plans to increase its membership by atotal of n businesses per year. There wereb businesses in the DBA at the beginning of thisyear. Which function best models the total numberof businesses, y, the DBA plans to have as members
x years from now?
A) y = nx + bB) y = nx − bxC) y = b(n)D) y = n(b)x8Which of the following is an equivalent form of(1.5x − 2.4)2 − (5.2x 2 − 6.4) ?
A) −2.2x 2 + 1.6
B) −2.2x 2 + 11.2
C) −2.95x 2 − 7.2x + 12.16
D) −2.95x 2 − 7.2x + 0.64

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7

51

9
In the 1908 Olympic Games, the Olympic marathon
was lengthened from 40 kilometers to approximately
42 kilometers. Of the following, which is closest to
the increase in the distance of the Olympic
marathon, in miles? (1 mile is approximately
1.6 kilometers.)A) 1.00
B) 1.25C) 1.50D) 1.75

CO NTI N U E

44

The density d of an object is found by dividing themass m of the object by its volume V. Which of
the following equations gives the mass m in termsof d and V ?
A) m = dVB) m =dVC) m =VdD) m = V + d

11−2x + 3y = 6
In the xy-plane, the graph of which of the following
equations is perpendicular to the graph of theequation above?
A) 3x + 2y = 6B) 3x + 4y = 6
C) 2x + 4y = 6
D) 2x + 6y = 3

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10

52

12

1
y=4
2
1
x− y =2
2
The system of equations above has solution (x, y).
What is the value of x ?
A) 3
B)

7
2

C) 4
D) 6

13

y ≤ 3x + 1
x−y > 1
Which of the following ordered pairs (x, y) satisfies
the system of inequalities above?
A) (−2, −1)B) (−1, 3)C) (1, 5)D) (2, −1)

CO NTI N U E

44Type ofsurgeonGeneralOrthopedic
Total

Major professional
activity
Total
Teaching Research
258
156
414
119
74
193
377
230
607

In a survey, 607 general surgeons and orthopedic
surgeons indicated their major professional activity.
The results are summarized in the table above. If oneof the surgeons is selected at random, which of thefollowing is closest to the probability that the selectedsurgeon is an orthopedic surgeon whose indicatedprofessional activity is research?
A) 0.122B) 0.196
C) 0.318
D) 0.379

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1453

CO NTI N U E

4A polling agency recently surveyed 1,000 adults who
were selected at random from a large city and asked
each of the adults, “Are you satisfied with the qualityof air in the city?” Of those surveyed, 78 percent
responded that they were satisfied with the quality of
air in the city. Based on the results of the survey,
which of the following statements must be true?
I. Of all adults in the city, 78 percent aresatisfied with the quality of air in the city.
II. If another 1,000 adults selected at random
from the city were surveyed, 78 percent ofthem would report they are satisfied with
the quality of air in the city.
III. If 1,000 adults selected at random from adifferent city were surveyed, 78 percent ofthem would report they are satisfied with
the quality of air in the city.
A) NoneB) II onlyC) I and II onlyD) I and III only

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15

4

54

Questions 16-18 refer to the following information.

Species of tree Growth factor
Red maple
4.5
River birch
3.5
Cottonwood
2.0Black walnut
4.5White birch
5.0
American elm
4.0
Pin oak
3.0
Shagbark hickory
7.5
One method of calculating the approximate age, in years,of a tree of a particular species is to multiply the diameterof the tree, in inches, by a constant called the growth
factor for that species. The table above gives the growth
factors for eight species of trees.

16
According to the information in the table, what is theapproximate age of an American elm tree with adiameter of 12 inches?
A) 24 years
B) 36 years
C) 40 yearsD) 48 years

CO NTI N U E

44

Age (years)

Tree Diameter versus Age
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
10 11 12 13 14 15 16Tree diameter (inches)
The scatterplot above gives the tree diameter plottedagainst age for 26 trees of a single species. The
growth factor of this species is closest to that ofwhich of the following species of tree?
A) Red mapleB) CottonwoodC) White birchD) Shagbark hickory

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

17

55

18
If a white birch tree and a pin oak tree each now havea diameter of 1 foot, which of the following will beclosest to the difference, in inches, of their diameters
10 years from now? (1 foot = 12 inches)A) 1.0B) 1.2C) 1.3D) 1.4CO NTI N U E

4

4
B

30°

A

12

60°
D

C

In △ABC above, what is the length of AD ?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 6 2D) 6 3

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19

56

20

y
y = d(t)TimetThe figure on the left above shows a wheel with amark on its rim. The wheel is rolling on the groundat a constant rate along a level straight path from astarting point to an ending point. The graph of
y = d(t ) on the right could represent which of thefollowing as a function of time from when the wheel
began to roll?
A) The speed at which the wheel is rollingB) The distance of the wheel from its starting pointC) The distance of the mark on the rim from thecenter of the wheelD) The distance of the mark on the rim from thegroundCO NTI N U E

4
a−b
=c
a
In the equation above, if a is negative and b ispositive, which of the following must be true?
A) c > 1B) c = 1
C) c = −1
D) c < −1

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21

4

57

22
In State X, Mr. Camp’s eighth-grade class consistingof 26 students was surveyed and 34.6 percent of thestudents reported that they had at least two siblings.
The average eighth‑grade class size in the state is 26.
If the students in Mr. Camp’s class are representativeof students in the state’s eighth-grade classes andthere are 1,800 eighth-grade classes in the state,
which of the following best estimates the number ofeighth‑grade students in the state who have fewer
than two siblings?
A) 16,200
B) 23,400
C) 30,600
D) 46,800

CO NTI N U E

4Townsend Realty Group Investments
Monthly rental
Purchase price
Property address
price(dollars)(dollars)
Clearwater Lane
128,000
950
Driftwood Drive
176,000
1,310
Edgemont Street
70,000515
Glenview Street
140,000
1,040
Hamilton Circle
450,000
3,365
The Townsend Realty Group invested in the five different
properties listed in the table above. The table shows theamount, in dollars, the company paid for each property
and the corresponding monthly rental price, in dollars,
the company charges for the property at each of the fivelocations.

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Questions 23 and 24 refer to the following
information.

4

58

23
The relationship between the monthly rental price r,
in dollars, and the property’s purchase price p, inthousands of dollars, can be represented by a linear
function. Which of the following functions
represents the relationship?
A) r(p) = 2.5p − 870B) r(p) = 5p + 165
C) r(p) = 6.5p + 440
D) r(p) = 7.5p − 1024
Townsend Realty purchased the Glenview Street
property and received a 40% discount off the original
price along with an additional 20% off the discounted
price for purchasing the property in cash. Which of
the following best approximates the original price, indollars, of the Glenview Street property?
A) $350,000
B) $291,700
C) $233,300
D) $175,000

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4
A psychologist set up an experiment to study thetendency of a person to select the first item whenpresented with a series of items. In the experiment,
300 people were presented with a set of five pictures
arranged in random order. Each person was asked tochoose the most appealing picture. Of the first
150 participants, 36 chose the first picture in the set.
Among the remaining 150 participants, p people
chose the first picture in the set. If more than 20% of
all participants chose the first picture in the set,
which of the following inequalities best describes thepossible values of p ?
A) p > 0.20(300 − 36), where p ≤ 150B) p > 0.20(300 + 36), where p ≤ 150C) p − 36 > 0.20(300), where p ≤ 150D) p + 36 > 0.20(300), where p ≤ 150

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25

4

59

26
The surface area of a cube is 6()

a 2
, where a is a4

positive constant. Which of the following gives theperimeter of one face of the cube?
A)

a
4

B) a
C) 4a
D) 6a

27
The mean score of 8 players in a basketball game was
14.5 points. If the highest individual score isremoved, the mean score of the remaining 7 players
becomes 12 points. What was the highest score?
A) 20
B) 24
C) 32
D) 36

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4

4
y

y = f (x)
1
O

1

x

The graph of the linear function f is shown in thexy-plane above. The slope of the graph of the linear
function g is 4 times the slope of the graph of f. If
the graph of g passes through the point (0, −4), whatis the value of g (9) ?
A)

5

B)

9

C) 14
D) 18

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28

60

29

x 2 + 20x + y 2 + 16y = −20
The equation above defines a circle in the xy-plane.
What are the coordinates of the center of the circle?
A) (−20, −16)B) (−10, −8)C) (10, 8)
D) (20, 16)30

y = x2 − aIn the equation above, a is a positive constantand the graph of the equation in the xy‑plane is aparabola. Which of the following is an equivalent
form of the equation?
A) y = (x + a)(x − a)B) y = (x + a )(x − a )

⎛
a ⎞⎛
a⎞
C) y = ⎜⎜x + ⎟⎟⎜⎜x − ⎟⎟
⎟
⎝
⎠
⎝
2
2 ⎟⎠
D) y = (x + a)2

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447
Answer: 12

For questions 31-38, solve the problem andenter your answer in the grid, as described
below, on the answer sheet.
1. Although not required, it is suggested thatyou write your answer in the boxes at the topof the columns to help you fill in the circles
accurately. You will receive credit only if thecircles are filled in correctly.
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.

Write
answerin boxes.

7 / 12
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Grid inresult.

2

as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the

2 / 3

/

2 . 5
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

. 666

Decimal
point

. 667

/ /
/ /
. . . .
. . . .
.
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 1 11 1 1 11
2 2 2 22 2 2 22
3 3 3 33 3 3 33
4 4 4 44 4 4 44
5 5 5 55 5 5 55
6 6 6 66 6 6 66
7 7 7 77 7 7 77
8 8 8 88 8 8 88
9 9 9 99 9 9 99Answer: 201 – either position is correct

grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .)2
2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal
answer with more digits than the grid canaccommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.

201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 3.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Fractionline

2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:

5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded
/

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

Answer: 2.5

61

201
/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 3
.

/ /
. . .
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9

NOTE: You
may start youranswers in any
column, spacepermitting.
Columns you
don’t need touse should beleft blank.

CO NTI N U E

4Horsepower and watts are units of measure of
power. They are directly proportional such that
5 horsepower is equal to 3730 watts. How much
power, in watts, is equal to 2 horsepower?

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31

4

62

32
The painting The Starry Night by Vincent van Goghis rectangular in shape with height 29 inches andwidth 36.25 inches. If a reproduction was madewhere each dimension is1
the corresponding
3

original dimension, what is the height of the
reproduction, in inches?

CO NTI N U E

4

4
x–1

P

x
Q

3x – 7R

S

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
On PS above, PQ = RS . What is the length of PS ?

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33

63

34
In the xy-plane, the point (2, 5) lies on the graph ofthe function f. If f (x) = k − x 2 , where k is aconstant, what is the value of k ?

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4
A landscaper is designing a rectangular garden. The
length of the garden is to be 5 feet longer than thewidth. If the area of the garden will be 104 square
feet, what will be the length, in feet, of the garden?

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35

4

64

36

A

20°

B

20°

C

P x°

Point P is the center of the circle in the figure above.
What is the value of x ?

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44

Ms. Simon’s Workday Morning Drive
Average driving
Segment of Distance speed with nodrive(miles)traffic delay(mph)
From home tofreeway
0.6
25
entrance
From freeway
entrance to
15.4
50
freeway exit
From freeway
exit to1.4
35
workplace
Ms. Simon drives her car from her home to her
workplace every workday morning. The table aboveshows the distance, in miles, and her average driving
speed, in miles per hour (mph), when there is no traffic
delay, for each segment of her drive.

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following
information.

37
One morning, Ms. Simon drove directly from herhome to her workplace in 24 minutes. What was her
average speed, in miles per hour, during her drivethat morning?

38
If Ms. Simon starts her drive at 6:30 a.m., she candrive at her average driving speed with no traffic
delay for each segment of the drive. If she starts her
drive at 7:00 a.m., the travel time from the freeway
entrance to the freeway exit increases by 33% due toslower traffic, but the travel time for each of the othertwo segments of her drive does not change. Based on
the table, how many more minutes does Ms. Simontake to arrive at her workplace if she starts her drive
at 7:00 a.m. than if she starts her drive at 6:30 a.m.?
(Round your answer to the nearest minute.)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

65

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