photographs byiStockphoto
Shutterstock

音声ファイルのダウンロード／ストリーミング
CD マーク表示がある箇所は、音声を弊社 HP より無料でダウンロード／ストリーミングすることができます。トップページのバナーをクリックし、書籍検索してください。書籍詳細ページに音声ダウンロードアイコンがございますのでそちらから自習用音声としてご活用ください。

https://www.seibido.co.jp

Science ArenaCopyright © 2021 by Dave Rear
All rights reserved for Japan.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form
without permission from Seibido Co., Ltd.

To Teachers and Students
The world of science and technology never sits still. Whether it concerns computers, robots,transportation, space, sports, health, or the environment, human beings are always pushing the boundariesof what is possible, seeking new ways to improve our lives and extend our knowledge. This book looks atsome of the most interesting and exciting developments that are taking place in science today.
It is divided into five main sections, each with four units that illustrate the major theme. The firstsection deals with the human body. It looks at the world of sports science, showing what it takes to reachthe very pinnacle of human performance. It also introduces people with abilities that might even beclassed as ‘superhuman’. In the second section, we examine developments in health and medicine. We
investigate how scientists are attempting to combat serious health problems like antibiotic resistance andmosquito-borne diseases, while also turning to more everyday issues such as boredom, creativity, andsleep. The third section concerns the very important issue of nature and the environment. We dive into theGreat Pacific Garbage Patch and examine its implications for our use of plastics and recycling. We learn
about efforts to solve food shortages by growing crops in the desert, and get a glimpse of the scientificwork being carried out in the frozen wastes of Antarctica. The fourth section is about the universe. Will
human beings ever colonize Mars? Is a mysterious star in the universe evidence of alien life? Have
humans caused environmental problems in space too? Finally, we reach the fifth and final section, entitled
Future Inspirations. Here we look at some other cutting-edge advances in science, including quantum
computers, high-speed transportation, and high-tech clothing.
To guide students through the topics introduced in the book, each unit has a number of differentactivities for them to complete. They consist of two vocabulary exercises, one pre-reading and the otherpost-reading, which give them practice in using the key terms introduced in the article. There are also tworeading activities, designed to test the students’ comprehension of both details and main ideas. Following
this is a grammar activity which helps students to increase the complexity and accuracy of their sentencebuilding, and a listening exercise that helps them learn the art of summarizing. The unit ends with a pairof discussion questions which encourage students to use their own experiences to think beyond the topic.
Thank you for taking an interest in this book. I hope you enjoy using it!
Dave Rear

Science Arena
目次

Table of Contents

Section I : Human Beings
UNIT 1

UNIT 2

UNIT 3

UNIT 4Real-Life Superhumans

あなたの周りにいる超能力者たち

The 10,000-hour Rule
1 万時間の法則

Why are Human Brains So Big?
人間の脳はなぜ大きいのか

The Advances of Sports Science
スポーツ科学の進歩

27

1217

Section II : Health
UNIT 5

UNIT 6

UNIT 7

UNIT 8The End of Modern Medicine?
抗生物質が効かなくなる日

Can You Get Smarter in Your Sleep?
寝れば寝るほど頭が良くなる？

The Hidden Benefits of Boredom
退屈の隠れたメリット

Fighting the Menace of Mosquitoes蚊の脅威との戦い

24

2934

39

Section III : Nature
UNIT 9

UNIT 10

UNIT 11

UNIT 12Growing Food in the Desert
砂漠での食物栽培

Learning from Nature
自然界から学ぶ技術

Living at the Bottom of the World
南極で生活するための条件

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
太平洋ゴミベルト

4651

56

61

Section IV : Space
UNIT 13

UNIT 14

UNIT 15

UNIT 16

The Most Mysterious Star in the Universe
宇宙で最も神秘的な星Space Flight for Everyone
人々が宇宙旅行する日

Could Humans Live on Mars?
人間は火星に住めるかSpace Junk

宇宙に残されたゴミ

6873

78

83

Section V : Future Inspirations
UNIT 17UNIT 18

UNIT 19

UNIT 20

Origami for Science

科学に活用される折り紙の技術

The Future of High-Speed Travel
未来の超高速移動

Computer Revolution
コンピューター革命

Clothes to Help You Move
体を動かしてくれる服9095100105

Section I
Human Beings

Unit 1
Real-Life Superhumans•Unit 2
The 10,000-hour Rule
•Unit 3
Why are Human Brains So Big?
•Unit 4The Advances of Sports Science

UNIT

Real-Life Superhumans

1

あなたの周りにいる超能力者たち

スパイダーマンや X-MEN のような超能力を持つ人間は、SF 映画の中だけの存在なのでしょうか。実は私たちの住むこの世界にも、そのような能力を持つ人々が存在するのです。それらの人々には、どのような超能力が備わっているのか、また、どのようにその能力を得たのかをご紹介しましょう。

Key Vocabulary次の単語について、その定義を結びつけましょう。

1. discover(a) a problem or fault that makes something not perfect

2. ability(b) to find or invent something new

3. regard(c) to change to fit a new situation

4. defect(d) a power or skill to do something

5. adapt(e) to view something in a particular wayReading
CD 1- 2

1-2～6

Have you ever dreamed of having a superpower? Do you wish you could fly

like Superman, climb like Spider-Man, or run like the Flash? Or perhaps you’d like tobe able to transport yourself instantly from one place to another so you would neverbe late for class? Unfortunately, superheroes only exist in science fiction. Or do they?
52

As a matter of fact, around the world scientists have discovered a surprising number

Section I: Human Beings

Unit 1 Real-Life Superhumansof people who possess abilities that might be regarded as superhuman.
CD 1- 3

Take Liam Hoekstra in the United States, for example. When Liam was justfive months old, he was not only able to walk, he could support his entire body on
his arms. Less than a year later, he was pushing heavy furniture around his house,lifting weights, and climbing ropes in his local gym. He could eat constantly without

10

gaining weight and had almost no body fat. It turned out that Liam’s super strength
had come about through a genetic mutation, rather like the X-Men we see in themovies. He was diagnosed with a rare condition which leads to a lack of proteinsthat regulate muscle development. Now Liam is 15 years-old and, since there are
fortunately no health problems associated with his condition, he is free to enjoy a15normal life with his family and friends.
CD 1- 4

Genetic mutation has given rise to other superhuman abilities too. InPakistan, researchers discovered a street performer who could cut himself with knives
without feeling pain. His condition was caused by a defect in the SCN9A gene,which meant pain did not flow from the nerves to the brain. Scientists hope that the20

discovery might help them to find a way to treat people suffering from chronic pain.
CD 1- 5Another group of superhumans are the Bajau Laut people from south-east

Asia, who spend all their lives in houseboats or villages built on top of coral reefs
almost two kilometers out to sea. They spend 60 per cent of their time in or under thewater, which is the equivalent to a sea otter. Making their living from free-diving

25fishing, these so-called ‘human fish’ can descend 20 meters to the ocean floor
without scuba equipment and hold their breath for five minutes by slowing theirheartbeats to 30 beats per minute. Many of their children have eyes that have adapted
to the sea, enabling them to see twice as clearly under water as normal people.
CD 1- 6

These are just a few examples of people around the world in possession

30of what might be considered as superhuman powers. So next time you watch asuperhero movie on television, just think. Someday you might get to meet one in reallife.
note

genetic mutation 遺伝子の突然変異 diagnose 診断する condition 病状，病気
protein タンパク質 chronic 慢性の sea otter ラッコ

3

Reading Comprehension次の文が本文の内容と一致する場合 T、一致しない場合は F を記入しましょう。

1. () Although some people have special abilities, they shouldn’t be regarded
as superhuman.

2. () It became clear that Liam Hoekstra had amazing strength even when hewas a baby.

3. () Liam gained his strength by training hard in the gym.

4. () The gene SCN9A might be a key for helping people who suffer from
untreatable pain.

5. () The Bajau Laut are able to breathe under water thanks to a genetic
mutation in their lungs.次の質問に英語で答えましょう。

1. As well as walking, what could Liam Hoekstra do before he was one year old?
2. What is the function of the SCN9A gene?
3. What are the children of the Bajau Laut able to do better than ordinary people?

Vocabulary in Context次の英文の空所に入れるのに正しい語句を下から選びましょう。

1. Scientists hope that the discovery could (chronic pain.
2. Since it is such a rare () a new way to treat), doctors do not yet understand it fully.

3. After a lot of research, the cause of the superhuman ability was found to be().
4. The new machine should (more quickly.
5. 100° Celsius is (genetic4condition) the factory to produce goods much) to 212° Fahrenheit.

lead toequivalent toenable

Section I: Human Beings

Unit 1 Real-Life Superhumans

Writing次の英文の内の単語を並び替えて、意味の通る文にしましょう。

1. 科学者たちは、超人的な能力を持つと思われる人々の発見に驚いた。
Scientists were surprised to find abilities people superhuman seem whopossess to .

2. バジャウ・ラウトの人々は、長い時間息を止めるために心拍数を減らす。
The Bajau Laut people slow their to heartbeats hold in breath ordertheir for a long time.

3. 遺伝子の突然変異の結果、彼は痛みを感じることなく自分に切り傷をつけることができる。
As a result of a genetic mutation, he experiencing without could himself
cut pain .

Listening Summary

1-7次の英文を聞いて、空所を埋めましょう。

Superhumans come from science fiction andin the1)real world. Or do they? Surprisingly enough, there are a number of people aroundthat could be classed as superhuman.

the world who 2)

One of these people is Liam Hoekstra, a young boy who gained super strength evenwhen he was just a baby. The reason for Liam’s super strength was 3)
which meant that he lacked proteins that control muscle development.
Another superhuman also gained his ability from a genetic mutation. This was astreet performer in Pakistan who 4)

with knives without

feeling any pain. A third group of people are the Bajau Laut in south-east Asia.
They spend as much time under the water as sea otters, and over time 5)themselves to their lifestyle by learning to dive to the ocean f loor and6)

for long periods. You never know, one day you mightmeet a real-life superhero.

5Express your Ideas次の英文を読んで、自分の考えを書きましょう。

1. Which of the three examples of superhumans in the article surprised you themost?

2. If you could have any superpower, what superpower would you like to have andwhy?

6