IIEEJJanuary 17, 2012

The Entrepreneur and References(Standards)
Ken Krechmer
Lecturer, University of Colorado at Boulder
http://www.csrstds.com/klist.html
krechmer@csrstds.com
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The Entrepreneur and References• Define terms:• See the big picture• Solve current problems

2 slides5 slides3 slides2

References
Established byTerm

Accident, assumption,convention
Government
Private entity
Committee
Marketcommon reference
regulation
specification
standard“de facto” standard
3TermsReference:

Common basis to quantify a variable

Standard:
A codified reference imposed by anauthority, committee or market
Standardization: Process of creating, implementing,or using a standard

4

History and Impact of Technical References
Age
Hunter Gatherer(before 3000BC)
Succession ofreferences

Symbols

Economic selfreinforcing mechanism

Communications

Authorities’ involvementin establishing references

Dominate

New policy area

Trading

Entrepreneurs’ view ofreferences

Unknown

Agrarian(3000 BC - 1750 AD

Industrial(1750 - 1950)

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History and Impact of Technical References
Age
Hunter Gatherer(before 3000BC)

Agrarian(3000 BC - 1750 AD)

Succession ofreferences

Symbols

Measurement

Economic selfreinforcing mechanism

Communications

Coordination effects

Authorities’ involvementin establishing references

Dominate

Authoritarian

New policy area

Trading

Taxation

Entrepreneurs’ view ofreferences

Unknown

Undesirable

Industrial(1750 - 1950)

6History and Impact of Technical References
Age
Hunter Gatherer(before 3000BC)

Agrarian(3000 BC - 1750 AD)

Industrial(1750 - 1950)

Succession ofreferences

Symbols

Measurement

Similarity

Economic selfreinforcing mechanism

Communications

Coordination effects

Scaling and learning
effects

Authorities’ involvementin establishing references

Dominate

Authoritarian

OversightNew policy area

Trading

Taxation

Patents

Entrepreneurs’ view ofreferences

Unknown

Undesirable

Distrustful

7

History and Impact of Technical References
AgeAgrarian(3000 BC - 1750 AD)

Industrial(1750 - 1950)

Information(1950 - 2000)

Succession ofreferences

Measurement

Similarity

Compatibility

Economic selfreinforcing mechanism

Coordination
effects

Scaling and learning
effects

Network
effects

Authorities’ involvementin establishing references

Authoritarian

Oversight

Representative

New policy area

Taxation

Patents

Commercial systems

Entrepreneurs’ view ofreferences

Undesirable

DistrustfulWinner-take-All8History and Impact of Technical References
AgeIndustrial(1750 - 1950)

Information(1950 - 2000)

Post-Information(2000 +)

Succession ofreferences

Similarity

Compatibility

Adaptability

Economic selfreinforcing mechanism

Scaling andlearning effects

Network effects

Gateway effects

Authorities’ involvementin establishing references

Oversight

Representative

Future: Guidelines?

New policy area

Patents

Commercialsystems

Copyright andtrademarkEntrepreneurs’ view ofreferences

DistrustfulWinner-take-All

Fair?

9The Downside of Controlled
Compatibility Standards
Prior to 1984, AT&T controlled its network and interfaces.
FCC Part 68 introduced new standard interfaces.
IBM patented Token Ring local area networks.
IEEE standardized Ethernet as IEEE 802.3.
GSM and WCDMA cellular technologies standardized withmany IPR holders.
Chinese promote TD-SCDMA as alternative inChina.
10Some Problems With Controlled
Compatibility Standards• The European Union's concern that only Apple
iPods can download music from Apple iTunes
web sites.
• The Chinese government's push for their own communications technology in Chinese communications
systems.
• The European Union and previous US anti-trust
actions over Microsoft's proprietary softwareinterfaces.

11Insights Offered by Successionof Standards• Adaptability standards support new value systems• Government should promote guidelines, not solutions• Patents best applied to similarity• Need to limit patents in compatibility standards• Need to avoid patents in adaptability standards

12Thank you
This lecture is based on: “The Entreneur and Standards”
http://www.iecchallenge.org/papers/
http://www.csrstds.com/IECChallenge2006.pdf
Ken Krechmer
Lecturer, University of Colorado at Boulder
e-mail: krechmer@csrstds.com
http://www.csrstds.com/klist.html
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