Human Security Symposium
Okuma Auditorium, Waseda University
July 15, 2015

Yasushi KATSUMA, Ph.D., LL.M.
Waseda University
Assistant Dean & Professor, Faculty of International Research & Education;
Director, International Studies Program, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies;
Director, Waseda Institute for Global HealthEarlier Debate on
the Definition of Human Security

Human Development Report (1994)
Freedom from fear and Freedom from want.
 Security: Economic, Food, Health, Environmental,
Personal, Community, and Political.


Human Security Network (1999-)


Freedom from pervasive threats to people’s rights,
their safety or even their lives.

Commission on Human Security (2003) ;Friends of Human Security (2006-)
To protect the vital core of all human lives in waysthat enhance human freedoms and human fulfillment.
 Protecting people from critical and pervasive threats.
“Freedom from Fear”
or/and“Freedom from Want”
1994 HDR;CHS;
Friends ofHuman Security
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HumanSecurity
NetworkFreedomfrom Fear(Violence)

Freedomfrom Want
(Poverty)

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Reaching Consensus atthe United Nations
World Summit (2005)
All individuals are entitled to freedom from fear andfreedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all
their rights and fully develop their human potential.
 The Heads of State and Government committed
themselves to define the notion of Human Security.
 The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) the populations fromgenocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against
humanity (mass atrocities). [Prevent; React; Rebuild]UN Secretary-General’s Report (2010)
Human Security does not entail the use of force against
the sovereignty of States. Human Security is different fromthe Responsibility to Protect (R2P).
 Human Security integrates the goals of freedom from fear,
freedom from want and freedom to live in dignity throughpeople-centered, comprehensive, context-specific andpreventive strategies.
Human Security
andThe Responsibility to Protect
2010
UNSG
Report

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1994 HDR;CHS;
Friends of
Human Security
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Mass
Atrocities----------Freedom
from Fear(Violence)
Freedomfrom Want
(Poverty)

HumanSecurity
Network

ICISS(2000- );2005 World
Summit

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Paradigm Change in thePeace & Security DiscourseState Security

For whom?

State-Centered

People-Centered

Military Threats

Multiple (Economic, Food,Health, Environmental,Personal, Community andPolitical) Threats

Inter-State

Global; Trans-National;
Intra-State

State; Regional &International Organizations

State; Regional &International Organizations;NGOs; Communities; People

Military Defense

Empowerment & Protectionof People

What threats?
Scope ofthreats?
What actors?
Strategies

Human Security

Paradigm Change in thePeace & Security Discourse
Traditionally, scholars in peace studies did
not communicate effectively with otherscholars in security studies, without having acommon ground for discussion.
 Now some scholars in peace studies aretaking the human security approach toanalyze vulnerabilities of people.
 On the other hand, particularly after the 9.11,
more security experts are taking
comprehensive approaches to security
studies, incorporating non-traditional threats,including terrorism.
Indivisibility of “Security,”“Development” & “Human Rights”
Human Rights

HumanDevelopment

Human Security

Discipline

Legal

Economic/Social

Multi-Disciplinary

Orientation

Setting Norms

Achieving Goals

Addressing Threats
and People’s
VulnerabilitiesObjectives

Dignity

Poverty
Alleviation

Survival, Livelihood& Dignity

Strategies

Rights-Holders(People) claiming
their rights to theDuty-Bearers (State)

Policy Changes;
Implementationof Programs &Projects

Empowerment &Protection of People

Accountability

StateDeveloping
countries,
supported byDonors?

Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships for“Human Security” AccountabilityInter-Governmental Regimes
United Nations
 Regional organizationsInternational NGO Networks
 BusinessUN Global Compact

Universities

UN Academic Impact (Kyushu, Meiji, Waseda)

Efforts to Overcome
Academic Compartmentalization
Current and emerging threats
Multiple, complex and inter-related Global, trans-national or intra-state dimensions
 Examples: Global warming; Human trafficking;Internal conflictsMulti-disciplinary human security approach
has added value in analyzing
vulnerabilities of people facing such threats.
Assist formulating empowerment & protection
strategies.

Human Security Studies in Japan

Graduate Programs:
Human Security & Communications Program, Graduate School ofMedia & Governance, Keio University (2003?-)
 Graduate Program on Human Security, the University of Tokyo(2004-)
 International Post-Graduate Program in Human Security, Tohoku
University (2005-)


Undergraduate Program:

Education & Research Consortium on Human Security(2007-)

Human Security Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies inLaw & Policy, Faculty of Law, Kyoto Sangyo University (2009-)

13 universities in Japan

Institutes:
Center for Human Security Studies, Chubu University
 Global Health & Human Security Program, Japan Center forInternational Exchange (JCIE) JICA InstituteThank You!