An Introduction to NTS in China& The case of Zhejiang University
YU Xiaofeng

Non-Traditional Security and Peace
Development Studies Center(NTS-PD)
ZheJiang UniversityHangZhou, China

1.Background of NTS in China
China’s General Strategies in Coping with NTS
Challenges:

I: 1978-1991
II: 1992-2000
III: 2001-2008

China’s General Strategies in Coping with NTS
Challenges I: 1978-1991 (Initial Response )China's understanding of the issue extended
from traditional security to non-traditionalsecurity.
China realized a historical transformation inepoch concept, security concept andcorresponding security strategies and China
also made some efforts in social safety
maintenance related to the poverty issue andin political security maintenance related todomestic political disturbances.

China’s General Strategies in Coping withNTS Challenges II: 1992-2000
China put forward its new security
concept and made some achievements
in international security maintenancepertaining to diplomatic transformation,
economic security maintenance,
financial crisis, peripheral security
maintenance and identity crisis.

China: New Security ConceptChina’s General Strategies in Coping withNTS Challenges III: 2001-2008
the Chinese government's response to thechallenges of non-traditional security
problems in an all-round manner.
China showed the biggest concerns for andmade the greatest efforts in internationalanti-terrorism cooperation, in national
security maintenance pertaining to antiseparatism, epidemic diseases, energy
security, environmental issues and so on.

2.Academic research of NTS in China
According to the statistics from the Chinese
Journal Database, from 1998 to the end of
2006, there are 2,747 thesis using the term,“non-traditional security” in discussing
international and internal issues.
The annual variations in the total number ofthe literature related to “non-traditionalsecurity” are illustrated in the following
diagram:A diagram of the annual variations in the total
number of the literature related to “NTS” :My view:
China ‘s Strategy in meeting NTS
Tradition:
Harmony with difference(和而不同)Harmony and moderation (和合中庸)
Cultural self-consciousness(礼让为国)，Compatibility and coexistence (兼容并存).
Strategy：
Peace Cooperationism Paradigm (和合主义范式)Way:
Peace and co-construction （和合共建模式）

3. The case of Zhejiang University(1). NTS-PD Center Founded in November,2006。

Idea and Mission of the Center：
Pay close attention to global issues and world
security problems;
Pay close attention to the systematic and long-range
development of countries;
Pay close attention to cross, complicated, leading andforesighted serious social and economic problems in
the course of social development;
Be dedicated to establishing a discipline-crossplatform for experts and scholars in various fields tocarry out cross study and cooperation.

Project and Operation of the Center：(1) Simulation test base(2) Academic communication base(3) Decision-making consultation base(4)Talent training base(5) Cross-research system for innovation anddemonstration base
NTS-PD is to become a main database, think tank,and talent bank in the field of non-traditional security
in China and a first-rank non-traditional security
research base in the world in three to five years.

the vice secretary of Zhejiang Province
Xia Baolong inspected NTS-PD

(2). Teaching: On NTS
The course was given to undergraduates in
the academic year of 2002 and 2003 in theDepartment of International Culture
The course has 32 hours, 4h/week, andprovides 2 credits.
Practice of the course: Students doinvestigation and visiting government sectors
according to topic or their own interests.
Examination: paper writing.

Printed lecture materials

Published Text Book: On NTS

Recommendation of the text book:The book tries in a comprehensive way
to cope with the new security issues
from a Chinese point of view. Westernscholars could learn from this uniqueapproach. your book is quite in thefront line of thinking and I wish you thebest of results.
---- Dr. Reimhardt Rummel

Munich University

Standpoint of the textbook:
The focus of security changes from national
security to general security: national security;
global security; human security; and socialsecurity.

The Inter-dynamic System
Security—Objective
Sense of safety —Subjective
Securitization —Inter-subjectivity (Politics and Society)

Securitization

Sense of safetySecurity

The definition of NTS(1) Non-military security , free from thethreat except of the war and any militaryway.

(2) NTS is superior co-existence

NTS= superior co-existence:
Traditional security：
You have security = I have no security,
We have security = you have no security,
Both of you and we have no security

superior co-existence:Your Security = Our Security

Teaching Activity of NTS
Sept.21st-23rd, 2005, Zhejiang University.

Mr. Andrew attnded the lecture given byProf. Pan Yihe.

Mr. Wang Yizhou also attended the lecrure given
by Prof. Yu Xiaofeng.

Collections of Students' Papers (havingcompiled 6 volumes.)

New Courses:
In March 2008, NTS & Public Crisis
Management became the MPA lecture
course in ZJU.
Since April 2008, NTS-PD opened theCross-disciplinary courses for youngteachers of NTS & Public Crisis

Management.

(3). ResearchingResearch on Building Abilities Responding to Non-traditional
Security in China (Item of Ford Foundation, 2008-2010)
Research in Accelerating the Spread of the Social Security
Systems of Urban and Rural Residents（Key projects of nationalsocial science, 2008-2010）
The Research Fellowship Programme（The Consortium of NonTraditional Security Studies of Asia, 2007-2009）
Research of Building Rural Public Health Service System inZhejiang Province (Major commissioned issues of Zhejiang
government, 2006-2008)
Research of Rural Social Old-age Security Policy Simulation andSystems for Less Developed Areas (Key project of social sciencein Zhejiang, China, 2007-2008)
NTS & Public Crisis Management (Key issues of social science inZhejiang, China, 2006-2007)

Series book on NTS

NTS & China’s reality Series
In 2007-2008, NTS-PD published the NTS & China’s reality
series consist of 8 volumes: in 2009, will publish two.
NTS & Public Crisis Management,
Culture Security,
Public Sanitation Security,
Foodstuff Security,Information Security.
Population Security,
Grocery Security,
Industry Security,(Energy Security )(Finance Security)

Academic column
Since March 2005, supported by NTS-PD, ZJU
Journals started special columns for relation

between Nation’s Security in modern situationand culture, the forefront of NTS &international relation theory.
The column published many important papers fromProf. Barry Buzan of LSE, Prof. Rosemary Foot ofOxford, Prof. Kazuo Matsushita of Tokyo University,
focusing on the NTS research covered with humansecurity, environment security and culture security.

Shao Xing City

Shao Xing City

Differences between NTS and traditional
security (Ⅰ):
TSNTS
Idea

Danger-condition existenceSuperior-condition coexistence

Subject

National behavior subject

National and non- national
behavior subject

Center of gravity National security

Human, social and nationalsecurity, global security

DomainMilitary security, (some political All unmilitary security (exceptsecurity )for some political security)

Thought

Cold war thought

Co-existence thought

NatureFree from threat

Free from threat and poverty

Core Value

Territory and sovereignty

Survival condition and humanrightsThreat from(roughly) Determined enemy

Undermined “enemy”

Differences between NTS and traditional
security (Ⅱ):
TSNTS
Way of security
maintenancesingleTransnational union

Premise of security
maintenance

Cognition unanimity

Inconsistence of cognition

Security
governanceSingle behaviorComprehensive

Present security
institution

roughly adaption

basically in-adaption

Security trend

May forecast in a short-term

Can’t forecast in a short-term

Security
maintenance force

Not all take part in

All take part in(4). Conference:
Forum on NTS (2008)

Conference on energy security(2006)

Conference on NTS and Public Crisis(2008)

Conference (2009) : The Nexus of Traditional & NonTraditional Security Dynamics: Chinese Experiences meet
Global Challenges
What are the differences between traditional and non-traditional
security issues? Is there a need to delimit the concept of NTS
Studies, and to set its boundaries?
How do empirical cases relating to NTS issues pose a theoreticalchallenge to the study of IS ?
Can current conceptualisations of security studies – diverse as
they are and ranging from the Copenhagen School to Criticalsecurity studies and even to feminist security studies just to
name a few – handle these new and increasing challenges tosecurity?
How do we define security for the state or for individual or forhumanity in a collective sense?

Is it possible to locate NTSS in the broad canvas of ISS or do weneed completely new frameworks for analysis?

Forum (2010) Asia Security Cooperation Forum
How to understand the changing dynamics ofsecurity cooperation in Asia?
Has the concept and definition of security
cooperation changed since the end of theCold War? If so, what are the main variables?
How should these phenomena be understoodfrom political, security, and historicalperspectives?

(5). Lectures

Shi Yinhong时殷弘，Prof. China’s People’sUni.

Zhu Feng 朱锋，Prof. Beijing Uni.

Yu Xiaofeng 余潇枫，Prof. Zhejiang Uni.

Others:
On June 20, the consult of NTS-PD, professor
Xue Lan visited NTS-PD and gave a speech
on management of public crisis.
From June 2 to June 6, director of politic
school in Brown University of the USA, Gerry
S. Tyler visited NTS-PD, exchanged academic
views with our members and made a report
titled on How American Think about China.

(6). doctoral degrees : NTS Management
Authorized to confer doctoral degrees
as a second-level discipline in 2008,"non-traditional security management"
has gradually formed its own
characteristics and gained advantages
in four research areas.
namely:four research areas :NTS and International Relations;NTS and Policy Simulation;
International affairs management;
Public Crisis management.

Goal:The doctoral program aims at
cultivating strategic and interdisciplinary
high-end talents in NTS management
who have unique theoretical basis andpractical ability in coping with domestic
and foreign issues of reciprocal nature.

Prospects:
The doctoral program is to seek multi-subject, crosssubject，interdisciplinary and integrated
development of the security subject throughcooperation of multiple subjects such as politics,
economics and management, through integration andinnovation of theoretical research, applied researchand countermeasure research, through combinationof non-traditional security response and public crisis
management, combination of theoretical research ininternational relations and domestic social
administration, combination of overall and general
realistic problem research and forward-looking,strategic future trend research.

(7). International exchange
Samuel P. Huntington, Prof. Harvard uni.

Iain Johnston, Prof. Harvard Uni.
“Has China Really Raised up ?”Rosemary Foot, Prof. Oxford Uni.

Joseph Nye, Prof. Harvard Uni.

Anthony Giddens, sociologist.

Barry Buzan, Prof. LSE

Amitave Achaya, Prof. American Uni.

(8).Questions are worthy
further studying:Question 1 :Revolution of the security thought:
Does the technology dimensionof security thought turn to value
dimension security reflection?

Question 2 :Transition of the security target:
Advanced politics is turned to
low-grade politics or are these
two realized concurrently?

Question 3 :The surmounting of security content
Does traditional security turn to
non-traditional, which also includes
traditional security?

Question 4 :Difference of security focal point:
Does unified security problem turnto un-unified security problem?

Question 5 :Drift of the security basic point:
Does the basic point of single
national security turn to a multiple
basic point including human security
and social security?

Question 6 :Expansion of the security subject:
As security action system span country’s
bounderies, is it possible or should it bethat the dominion can be enfeoffed?

Question 7 :Cooperation of security management:

Will multilateral cooperationbuilding be a reality or justan ideal?

Question 8 :Construction of security system:
Who is the provider of non-traditional
security? How to maintain the security
through maintaining the system?

Question 9 :Essence of the security agenda:
Comparing NTS with TS, NTS is definedby time sequence or by differentiationof the security nature?

Question 10 :Confirmation of the security position:
State center ?
Global center ?
orboth at the sametime?

Thank you!
Welcome to Zhejiang University!