IPCC regional perspectives - Africa

Abdalah Mokssit
Secretary/IPCC

The role of the IPCC is …
“… to assess on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent
basis the scientific, technical and socio-economic information
relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of humaninduced climate change, its potential impacts and options foradaptation and mitigation.”“IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although
they may need to deal objectively with scientific, technical andsocio-economic factors relevant to the application of particularpolicies.”Principles Governing IPCC Work, paragraph 2
Source: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ipcc-principles/ipcc-principles.pdf

IPCC – jointly
established byWMO and UNEPTARFARSARUNFCCC

Kyoto Adaptation
ProtocolAR5

AR4SR15 MR

AR6SROCCSRCCL

UNFCCC
GlobalStocktake2018 20192023

2 °C limit Paris Agreement

Nobel Peace Prize

1988
1970s-1980s

2007

1995

1990

2001

2013-2014

2021-2022

Science/Policy Interface
IPCC – jointly established by WMO and UNEP, action endorsed by the UN General AssemblyIntergovernmental Panel: 195 member States
appointing National Focal Points

Working Group (WG) I
The PhysicalScience Basis

Plenary

Hundreds of scientists and experts from aroundthe world are involved in the preparation of IPCC
reports

WGIII
Mitigation ofClimate Change

Bureaux
WGII
Impacts,
Adaptation &Vulnerability

Task Force on
National
Greenhouse
Gas Inventories

Authors

ExpertReviewers

ReviewEditors

IPCC reports have made an impact
FAR (1990)

led toUNFCCCSAR (1995)

input forKyoto Protocol

focused attention on

Impacts of climatechange and need foradaptation

AR4 (2007)

input forDecision on 2ºC limit;
basis for post Kyoto
Protocol agreement

AR5 (2013/2014)

input forTAR (2001)

IPCC Sixth Assessment (AR6)
May 2019
Emission
inventories

Oct. 2018

Sept. 2019

Globalwarming of
1.5 oC

Oceansand cryosphereTalanoa
dialogue
UNFCCCLandAug. 2019

Some overarching preliminary aspects for the Synthesis Report• Global Stocktake• Interaction among emissions, climate, risks and development pathways• Economic and social costs and benefits of mitigation and adaptation in the contextof development pathways• Adaptation and mitigation actions in the context of sustainable development• Finance and means of support

April 2021

October 2021The PhysicalScience Basis

Climate Change
Impacts,Adaptation andVulnerability

MitigationofClimate Change
July 2021

March 2018

Cities and Climate Change Science Conference

May 2018

Expert Meeting on Assessing Climate Information for Regions

May 2018

Expert Meeting on Short Lived Climate Forcers

April 2022
The Synthesis
ReportGlobalstocktake
2023
UNFCCC* Dates are subject to change

IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
Authors by regions
11% Africa
19% Asia
7% South America
18% North America, Central
America and the Caribbean
11% South-West Pacific
34% Europe

IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
How many authors are from developing countries or economies intransition?

44%

developing countries
and economies
in transition

56%

developed countries

IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
How many authors are new to the IPCC?

47%

previous
IPCC experience53%

new to the IPCC

IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
How has the proportion of authors with previous IPCC experiencechanged?

47%

Sixth
Assessment Report

32%

Fifth
Assessment Report

IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
How has the proportion of authors from developing countries
or economies in transition changed?

42%

Sixth
Assessment Report

44%

37%

Fifth
Assessment ReportWhy your contribution matters
AR5 in Statistics:
Total number of Coordinating Lead Authors, Authors and Reviewers: 829
Total number of countries represented on writing teams: up to 85
Developed Countries

Male writing team members

Developing Countries & Economies inTransition

Female writing team members

21%

37%

New to the IPCC process
Previously involved

32%

63%
79%

68%

How IPCC Reports are ProducedPreparatory Phase

Scoping
The panel approves theoutline

The outline is drafted anddeveloped by experts
nominated by thegovernment and observerorganizations

Approval ofOutline

Nominationof Authors
Bureaux select authors

Selectionof Authors

Government and observerorganizations nominate
experts as authors

Outline for SR15
Chapter 1: Framing and context
Chapter 2: Mitigation pathways compatible with1.5°C in the context of sustainable development

Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5°C global warming on
natural and human systems
Chapter 4: Strengthening and implementing theglobal response to the threat of climate change
Chapter 5: Sustainable development, poverty
eradication and reducing inequalities

The report innumbers

91 Authors from 40 Countries
133 Contributing authors
6000 Studies

1 113 Reviewers

42 001 Comments16

Drafts

Expert Review(FOD)The 2nd draft of the reportand 1st draft of the SPM isreviewed by governments
and experts

Govt andExpert Review(SOD)

Final Draft
and SPM

Governments review thefinal draft SPM inpreparation for its
approval

The 1st order draft isreviewed by experts(anyone can register)

Govt Review
of Final Draft

Authors prepare finaldrafts of the report andSPM which hare sent togovernments

Review Process
First Order Draft

Expert Review:
12 895 comments
489 experts
61 countries

Second Order Draft

Governement and Expert Review

25 590 comments
570 experts
71 countries
Final Government DraftGovernement Review3630

Total Comments: 42001
Final Report
Summary for Policy Makers

10 Steps in creating IPCC reports
12376458910

How you can contributeContribute to existing literature
IPCC assessments are as good as the literature available.
Look out for the various cut off dates for literature for thedifferent reports.

As Authors or Review Editors

Bureaux selects Authors and Review Editors from lists of nominations
provided by governments and observer organizations. Look out for thecalls for nomination of authors and contact your IPCC Focal Point if you
are interested in being nominated.

As Expert Reviewers
To be involved in the two review stages: Expert Review of theFirst Order Draft and Government and Expert Review of theSecond Order Draft

Author teams – CLAs, LAs, REs
Coordinating Lead Authors (CLAs)

Lead Authors (LAs)Review Editors (REs)

Contributing Authors (CA)

Chapter Scientists (CS)

Usually more experienced scientists and practitioners• CLAs and LAs develop the chapter content• REs ensure comments from the review process aretaken into consideration by the team
Selected following a call for nominations• Proposed by IPCC focal Points from governments
and observer organisations, and the IPCC Bureau• Selected by the Bureau of the relevant IPCC
Working Group or Task ForceCall for nominations are published on the IPCC website:
http://ipcc.ch/Author teams – CAs
Coordinating Lead Authors (CLAs)

Lead Authors (LAs)Review Editors (REs)

Contributing Authors (CA)

Chapter Scientists (CS)

Prepare technical information in the form oftext, graphs or data
Contributions• Solicited by LAs• Fill gaps in expertise and regional
knowledge

Author teams – CS
Coordinating Lead Authors (CLAs)

Lead Authors (LAs)Review Editors (REs)

Contributing Authors (CA)

Chapter Scientists (CS)

Scientific assistants who provide support to the authorteams• Technical aspects including cross-checking between
findings in different parts of the report• Additional fact-checking• Reference management• Are early career researchers who benefit from theexperience
Recruited• Directly by CLAs
• Through a call issued by the TSUs
http://wg1.ipcc.ch/
http://www.ipcc-wg2.awi.de/
http://www.ipcc-wg3.ac.uk/
http://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/

Products and Important MilestonesSR15

SRCCL

SROCC

TFI MR AR6

Call for nominationsFirst Order Draft

Second Order Draft

Oct 18 Nov 18

Final Government Review

June 18Apr 19

June 19

Jan 19Approval Plenary

Oct 18Aug 19Sept 19May 19

How to Contribute?
-2018

2019

SRCCL

SOD– Oct

Approval – Aug

SROCC

SOD– Nov

Approval – Sept

Outreach Activities

IPCC Special Report SR1.5:
Key findings Africa

Abdalah Mokssit
IPCC Secretary
COP24, Katowice, Poland, 5 Dec 2018

Many regions of Africa have already experienced warming
greater than the global annual average of 2006–2015 (0.87°C)

28

General messages•

Avoided climate change impacts on sustainable development, eradication of poverty
and reducing inequalities would be greater at 1.5ºC than at 2ºC global warming, ifmitigation and adaptation synergies are maximized while trade-offs are minimized.

•Limiting the risks from global warming of 1.5ºC in the context of sustainable
development and poverty eradication implies system transitions that can be enabled byan increase of adaptation and mitigation investments, policy instruments, theacceleration of technological innovation and behavior changes.

•Sustainable development supports and enables the societal and systems transitions,and transformations that help limit global warming to 1.5ºC.

•Strengthening the capacities for climate action of national and sub-national authorities,
civil society, the private sector, indigenous peoples and local communities can support
the implementation of ambitious actions implied by limiting global warming to1.5°C.

•

International cooperation can provide an enabling environment for this to be achieved

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
For more information:
Website: http://ipcc.ch/
IPCC Secretariat: ipcc-sec@wmo.int
IPCC Press Office: ipcc-media@wmo.int

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