Remote sensing of environment and disaster laboratory

Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan

Impacts of regional railways to the transition of population,urban area, and income in Australian cities
Seina Uchida , Wataru Takeuchi
Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo
Abstract:
オーストラリアの大陸横断鉄道が最近20年間でどのような影響を沿線都市に与えたのかを議論する。大陸横断鉄道が都市に与えた影響を定量的指標を用いて観測した例は非常に少なく、その中でも複数の都市の発展の指標を用いて議論しているものはわずかしかない。本研究では人口、都市面積、収入を用いて都市発展を定義した。最後に産業別人口を用いて鉄道敷設と都市産業の関連がないことを確認した。将来鉄道を建設する際、どのようなルートがいいのかを考える際に役立つだろう。
まず、オーストラリア政府が定義した国内の主要貨物交通網を参考にし、鉄道がとおっている都市とそうでない都市を取り上げた。人口、都市面積、収入のデータを20年間にわたって収集した。
人口と収入に関しては政府の統計局から、都市面積はランドサット衛星画像から算出した。これら3指標を用いて対象の全てのとしをクラスター分析で分類した。この結果、鉄道沿線の都市とそうでない都市は異なるグループに分類された。一方産業別人口を用いて都市をクラスター分析行ったところ、産業と鉄道の有無の関係はないことが分かり、以上より鉄道は人口、都市面積、収入に影響を与えたと言える。

BackgroundThe critical aim for constructing railways is to enhance the economy and improve
our quality of life. However, most of the previous researches which studied about
railways’ role only focused on population to detect how the city has changed(Silveria et al., 2011). There are some studies which focused on several indicators
to define city development other than population (Iyer, 2010, Becker et al., 2012),
but those were quantitative research, not quantitative research, leaving us theissue that we cannot compare the situation between different cities. In order tomake the best use of knowledge about railways and city development whenconstructing new railways, it’s quite important for us to quantitatively study using
several factors to define city development and its relation with railways.
Objective
To detect the effect of freight railways to the surrounding cities in acomprehensive way in the past 20 years.

Methodology

Figure 1. Flowchart

Results
1. Urban area expansion■Urban area
■Vegetation■Water■Farm land
■Soil
Figure 2. Urban area expansion of 1991, 2001, and 2011

Urban area [km2]2. Developmental status
Cities without railways

Developmental status in 2011

80
Bendigo40

Ballarat

MeltonAlbury20Parkes
Alrmidale

MaitlandPort Augusta
GawlerBroken Hill

050000

52000

54000

56000

58000

60000

62000

Income per person [AU$]Figure 3. Developmental status in 2011

64000

66000

68000

Urban area distribution in2011

70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0Cities with railwaysGoulburn60

Income distribution in
2011

70000

120000100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
07060
50
403020100cities withrailway

cities without
railway

Population distribution in2011

cities with railway

cities without
railway

cities withrailway

cities without
railway

Figure 4. Distribution of cities using three indicators

Discussion
Developmental status using three indicators (income, population, urban area) of eachcity, in each year is shown in Figure 3. In this graph, the size of bubbles shows the sizeof population. When comparing within cities of the same population size, cities withrailways tend to have larger income and larger urban area. The same trend can be seenin Figure 4 as well.
Dendrograms made with three indicators at each year are shown in Figure 5. All cities
with railway are sorted in the same group if we group them into two groups. This result
supports the idea that developmental status of cities with freight railway is different
Cities with railways
from that of cities without railways.
Figure 5. city classification using developmental indicators and industry structure
Next, in order to see whether this result is because of railway or not, industry structureof each city was searched. Dendrograms made by industry structure are shown inConclusion
Figure 5. Eight major industries were used to develop dendrogram. We can see in this- Cities along railways developed more in terms of population, urban area, anddendrogram, cities with and without railways are not separated, which means that
incomefreight railway and industry doesn’t have any relation. Railways were not constructed- There is no relation between railways and industry structure, so this results
according to a certain industry, and also existence of railway hasn’t changed theabove is because of railways
industry structure of the city.
Future works- Even within cities with railways have different characteristics. We need to carryout qualitative analysis to know the meaning of this difference.
- Use more cities to make it more reliable- Carry out the same analysis on Russia and Japan, and compare the situation
between countries
For further details, contact: Uchida Seina, Bw601, 6-1, Komaba 4-chome, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505 JAPAN (URL: http://wtlab.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ E-mail: seina@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp)