Grand Tour
Seeing the World
Anthony Sellick James Bury Kaori Horiuchi

新たな時代への扉photographs byiStockphotoOpen Bionics
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https://www.seibido.co.jp

Grand Tour – Seeing the World
Copyright © 2021 by Anthony Sellick, James Bury, Kaori Horiuchi
All rights reserved for Japan.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form
without permission from Seibido Co., Ltd.

2PREFACE
During the 17th and 18th centuries, wealthy young people took atrip around Europe in order to complete their education. This was called
the Grand Tour. They visited famous historical sites, learned languages,
and made friends with people in various countries. The Grand Tour
helped prepare them for life as international citizens.
The Grand Tour series of books looks at a variety of important
trends that are shaping the modern world. Each book examines issues
that affect our lives, which will change our lives in the future, andwhich you will influence in the future.
The topics covered in the essays range widely and are grouped
into four sections: the worlds of culture and society, science andtechnology, business and economics, and politics and international
relations. Included are topics that encourage you to look at an everyday
thing from a new perspective, topics that showcase the amazing
progress and discoveries that are being made, and topics which focus
on aspects of the world that need to be changed or which are changing
too slowly.
We hope that you will find these topics interesting and thoughtprovoking, and that they encourage you to learn more about them. We
sincerely hope you enjoy your Grand Tour.

Anthony Sellick, James Bury, and Kaori Horiuchi

3CONTENTS
Culture and Society
Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

I Don’t Know What to Believe
Finding Truth Among Online Lies

It’s a Hikikomori WorldWhy Do Some People Withdraw from Society?

Not Just for Fun

The Importance of Play and GamesSee It While You Can
The Risks of Over-Tourism

The World’s Greatest Gamers
The Rise of Esports

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Science and Technology
Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 104

3D-Printed Limbs and Robot Doctors
Amazing Advances in Medicine

Fake Burgers and Electric Gum
The Future of FoodThe Sports Space Race

The Impact of Science in Sports

Turn out the Lights
What Is Light Pollution?

It’s Good to Be Grumpy

The Positive Consequences of Negative Feelings

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Business and Economics
Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

A Full Working Week

How Long Should We Work?

Waste Not, Want Not

From Recycling to a Circular Economy

Try ThisWhy Giving Things Away Can Be Good for BusinessSelling Sports

The Commercialization of Sports

Paying for Information
The Cost of News

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73
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Politics and International Relations
Chapter 16

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

Chapter 19

Chapter 20

Your Phone is a Soldier
What Does Cyberwar Mean?

The Perils of Perception

How Much Do We Really Know?

It’s a Man’s WorldThe Cost of Ignoring Women’s Needs

Changing Perceptions

Can a Country Change the Way It’s Viewed?

It’s the Law

Identifying Good and Bad Laws

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103
109
115
121
5

I Don’t Know
What to Believe

Chapter

1

Finding Truth Among Online Lies
Useful Words

Choose a word from the list below to complete each sentence.
1. The typhoon was        . Every building in town was damaged ordestroyed.
2. A(n)         claimed he saw a ghost at our school. We were shocked
when we saw the story reported on the television news.
3. You must go to the new ramen restaurant. Its Super Spicy Ramen is        !
4. I left my phone on the train. Luckily, a(n)         person handed it in atthe station.
5. My friend Shahida is a Muslim, but I’m not         at all.

religious  trustworthy  devastating  hoaxer  extraordinary

Reading① 02～0802

1

The internet allows us to access more accurate information than at anyother time in history. It also exposes us to more misinformation than at anyother time in history. As well as the journalists who want to inform us and theeducators who want to teach us, there are the politicians who want your vote, the5foreign governments who want to control your vote, the religious who want you
to believe as they do, the bigots who want you to hate as they do, the companies
who want your data and your money, the criminals and scammers who wantyour data and your money, the satirists who want to make you laugh, the hoaxers

7

who want to trick you, the confused, and the mentally ill. How can we tell if10something is a true story, propaganda, an advertisement, a con, a hoax, a joke, orthe delusions of someone who is mentally ill? Fortunately, the philosophicaltools of critical thinking, the methods of science, and the investigative tools ofjournalism can help us to find the truth in a post-truth world.
03

215

Philosophy provides us with the laws oflogic that allow us to analyze and appraise ideas.
However, just because an idea is logical does notmean it is true. Fortunately, philosophy also gives
us a useful definition of truth: the truth of astatement or an idea depends on how well it fits

20with reality. Science focuses on the study ofreality and teaches us that we should disbelieve
an idea until we have evidence that supports it.
Furthermore, the amount of evidence we need tobelieve an idea depends on the claim that is25

beingmade.

The

cosmologist

Carl

Sagan

summarized this very well when he said that
“extraordinaryevidence.”

claimsLikerequirephilosophy

extraordinaryandscience,

journalism also teaches us that any idea or claim
30

Fake news can be dangerous.

should be questioned, and that the sources ofany claim or idea must also be examined.
04

3For example, if your friend tells you that they have a pet dog, should you

believe them? Owning a pet dog is not uncommon, and if your friend is usually
reliable or trustworthy, you probably do not need any more evidence than their35word. Furthermore, you can ask your friend (and other friends) for details about
the dog, and you can easily visit your friend to see the dog for yourself. As aresult, you should probably believe your friend. However, if a stranger tells youthat they also have a pet dog, and that their dog is invisible, can fly, and enjoys
watching kabuki plays, you should demand a huge amount of evidence before40

you believe that they have such an amazing, world-changing dog. Let’s consider
some real-world examples.

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Chapter 1

I Don’t Know What to Believe -Finding Truth Among Online Lies
05

4

Many people use social media to communicate with their friends.

However, many people also form friendships that are wholly online. This can bevery dangerous because fake social media profiles are very common. Between
45

September 2018 and March 2019, Facebook alone deleted more than 3 billion
fake profiles. Many criminals use fake social media profiles to contact people,
which is known as catfishing. Financial criminals often use online dating profiles
to begin a romance and then trick their victims into giving them money. In 2018,
more than 20,000 people lost more than $140 million in just the US. More50

disturbingly, sex criminals often target children and teenagers in order to obtain
private pictures and videos which they then sell online. The emotional andpsychological impact of being the victim of such crimes can be absolutely
devastating. How much should we trust an online friend? Not much, because if
you have not met a person in real life, then you have no idea who that person

55

really is.
06

5Millions of people around the world

have watched videos online explaining that theworld is not round but flat. What would it mean
if it were true? First, it would mean that many of60

our ideas about history, geography, and science
are wrong. Secondly, it would mean that
hundreds of thousands of people, including
pilots, sailors, politicians, military leaders, andscientists, are all lying to us. As a result, we65

should expect an enormous amount of highquality evidence, and not just some YouTube
videos and websites.
07

6

Believing incorrect ideas can have serious

Some people think the world isflat. Could they be right?

consequences. In Japan in 2013, nearly 70
70

percent of girls received the HPV vaccine, which can prevent a form of cancer thatkills nearly 3,000 Japanese women every year. However, the proportion of girls
getting the vaccine dropped to below 1 percent by 2015 because people opposed
to vaccines spread false information about the safety of the HPV vaccine.

908

775

The examples above show us the dangers of being wrong. As a result, weshould use the tools that philosophy, science, and journalism give us toinvestigate the claims and ideas we are exposed to every day. A good rule tofollow is this: the more it will cost you to be wrong, the more you should do toensure that you are right.
Notes
scammer「詐欺師」con「ペテン、嘘」a post-truth world「ポスト真実の世界」ポスト真実とは、客観的な真実よりも感情的な訴えや個人的信条が世論や政治に影響を及ぼす状況を意味する。そのような風潮がみられる世界のこと。アメリカのトランプ政権発足やイギリスの EU 離脱をめぐる論争を反映した用語。cosmologist「宇宙科学者」Carl Sagan「カール・セーガン（1934-1996）」アメリカの天文学者、作家。宇宙に関するドキュメ
ンタリー番組を制作し、司会も務めた。world-changing「世界を変えるような」catfishing「キャットフィッ
シング、なりすまし」catfish は元々「ナマズ」を意味する。インターネット上で個人情報を偽り、相手を騙す行為。dating profiles「出会い系プロフィール」デートを目的として作られた人物紹介。the HPV vaccine「子宮頸がん予防ワクチン」HPV（= human papillomavirus）は子宮頸がんの原因とされるヒトパピローマウイルスの略語。

Questions for Understanding
Part 1Look at the following statements about the passage. Write T if
the statement is True, and F if it is False. Write the number of theparagraph where you find the answer in the parenthesis.

1)    According to the passage, it is not always easy to identify whether online
information is true or false.
(  )2)    The passage informs us that we should assume that an idea is true if it islogical.(  )3)    We should think carefully before forming a friendship on social media.
(  )4)    Thinking about what the world would be like if an idea was true can be ahelpful way to uncover the truth.(  )
Part 2

Look at the following questions about the passage. Check thebest answer for each.

1) Which word has the closest meaning to the word “appraise” in Paragraph 2 (line15)?
a. □ estimate b. □ evaluate c. □ rate d. □ approve

10Chapter 1

I Don’t Know What to Believe -Finding Truth Among Online Lies

2) According to the passage, what is “catfishing”?
a. □ Deleting somebody’s social media profile in order to bully themb. □ Creating a fake social media profile as a jokec. □ Using a fake social media profile for illegal activitiesd. □ Posting fake information on your social media profile
3) What does the passage imply regarding the spread of misinformation about theHPV vaccination?
a. □ The HPV vaccine will gradually become more popular.
b. □ Some Japanese women will die unnecessarily.
c. □ Boys will start to receive the HPV vaccine in Japan.
d. □ The HPV vaccine will become more expensive.
4) Which of the following is the key theme of the passage?
a. □ It is easy to find useful and accurate information on the internet.
b. □ It is easy to study science, philosophy, and journalism online.
c. □ We should never trust the internet because people spread misinformation.
d. □ Checking whether information is correct is everybody’s responsibility.

Summary① 09

Fill each space with the best word from the list below.
consequences  misinformation  investigative
accurate     exposed     bigots
For many of us today the internet is our primary source of information. Using it, we
can rapidly find 1)         information about nearly any subject. However,there is also a huge amount of 2)         from satirists, criminals, and3)       . The 4)         of being fooled and accepting untrue

information as true can be very serious, and potentially deadly. How can we makesure that the information we are 5)         to is correct? Fortunately, thetraditional 6)         techniques developed by philosophers, scientists, andjournalists can still help us find the truth among a sea of lies.

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Over to You
Choose ONE of the statements below. Prepare a short response giving youropinion.
• Social media companies should check whether information istrue or not.
• Newspapers and magazines are more reliable than the internet.

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