Xymax Real Estate Institute

RESEARCH REPORTGreater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
Capturing changes in workers’ work styles and values

November 30, 2022

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020, many companies have been forced to review
employees’ work styles and the workplace, such as by introducing telework. These changes are expected toaffect not only companies’ management strategies, but also the work and private lives of office workers.
To capture changes in work styles and the workplace from the perspectives of both companies and office
workers, Xymax Real Estate Institute (“Xymax REI”) has conducted a total of 12 Metropolitan Areas Office
Demand Surveys of companies since autumn 2016 and six Greater Tokyo Office Worker Surveys of office workers
since the end of 2016. This report summarizes the latest trend of the actual work styles and values of workers
working in Greater Tokyo, based on the results of the 7th office worker survey conducted in October 2022.

Main Findings
1. Work styles during the COVID-19 pandemicThe percentage of teleworkers was 61.5%, of whom only 5.7% teleworked full time. Many
teleworkers embraced hybrid work, which combines teleworking and coming to the office.

Workers worked in their “regular office” for an average of 67.9% of their time. They worked fromhome for most of their remaining time spent teleworking.

2. Benefits of and dissatisfactions with telework

The top answer for the benefit of telework was “Reduction in travel/commute time” (83.0%), while
the top answer for dissatisfaction with working from home was “Prone to lack exercise or becomeunhealthy” (44.0%).



As for satisfaction in the telework measures of workers’ employers, 39.4% of the workers weredissatisfied with “Company's subsidy/support for telework.”

3. Assessment of teleworkWhen we asked teleworkers to assess their performance and engagement under their current work
style, a majority of them replied that both their performance and engagement “improved” or saw“no change” compared to when they came to the office full-time five days a week. As for stress,
approximately 60% replied that it was “alleviated.”

4. Work styles and the workplace after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic


65.8% of respondents wished to use telework for any length of time after the end of the pandemic.

The features of satellite offices that a majority of workers wish to use in the future or continue using
were that it is close to their homes (73.1%) and that there is a private room where the worker canconcentrate on work (62.6%).

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate InstituteWork styles during the COVID-19 pandemic
Percentage of teleworkers
In this survey, we obtained valid answers from 2,060 men and women aged 20 and above, whose profession
is officer or staff of a company or organization, whose job category is managerial, specialized or technical, clericalor sales, whose regular office is located in Greater Tokyo (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba prefectures),and whose principal workplace before the pandemic as well as now is the office or home. In this report we will
look into the current work styles of the respondents.
We will start by looking at how many workers came to the office during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the timeof the survey, “teleworkers,” i.e., respondents who teleworked for any length of time, accounted for 61.5% of all
respondents, while those who worked in the office full time and did not telework accounted for 38.5% (Figure1). Workers who teleworked full time accounted for only 5.7% of total, indicating that many teleworkers
embraced hybrid work, which combines teleworking and coming to the office. Compared to the 2020 and 2021
surveys, the percentage of workers who came to the office full time increased slightly. For reference, we haveincluded charts indicating the percentage of teleworkers by attribute at the end of the report (Reference 1–4).
Figure 1: Coming to the Office or Teleworking

Figure 2 is an annual comparison of the implementation rate of initiatives on the place for telework. Whilethe implementation rate of each initiative has risen significantly since the 2020 survey, which was conducted
after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are differences between places this time. While “Workfrom home” (57.6%) decreased, “Work from a satellite office” (20.8%) increased.
Figure 2: Implementation Rate of Initiatives on the Place for Telework

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute
Similarly, Figure 3 is an annual comparison of work style initiatives currently used or implemented. Some
increases were seen in initiatives that support telework, such as “Chat tools for work” (45.7%) and “Work-fromhome allowance (e.g., for supplies, utility costs) (17.6%).
Figure 3: Implementation Rate of Initiatives on Work Styles

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute
Switching between coming to the office and teleworking (time allocation)
When examining how workers split their time between each place of work, i.e., their regular office, home
(working from home), satellite office, and other location, we found that they spend an average of 67.9% of theirtime working from their regular office, a 7.2 pt increase from the previous survey (Figure 4). Furthermore, we
found that most of workers’ time spent working other than in their regular office, i.e., their time teleworking,was spent working from home. Although time spent working in a satellite office was only 1.6%, future growth
may be anticipated given that the implementation rate of satellite offices is 20.8% (Figure 2).
Figure 4: Time Allocated to Each Place of WorkAs for the benefits of coming to one’s regular office, the top replies were communication-related, such as“Availability of work facilities (e.g., communication network, appliances, workspace)” (49.0%), ranking top, “Easyto carry out business communication (e.g., negotiations)” (45.5%) and “Easy to engage in communication (e.g.,chatting)” (39.7%) (Figure 5). On the other hand, “Easy to concentrate on work” also ended high with 29.2% of
the votes, suggesting that workers require space where they can concentrate alone in the office as well.
Figure 5: Benefits of Coming to the OfficeGreater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate InstituteBenefits of and dissatisfaction with telework
Figure 6 shows the benefits of telework according to workers with telework experience.*1 By far the top reply
was “Reduction in travel/commute time” (83.0%), followed by “Less risk of infection with infectious diseases”(45.9%) and “Alleviation of stress” (36.1%). The percentage of “Feel no benefit in particular” (5.7%) dropped
further from the previous survey (10.4%), indicating that many of those with telework experience saw some kindof benefit in teleworking.
*1 Those not currently teleworking but has telework experience in the past and those currently teleworking arecollectively referred to as “workers with telework experience.”

Figure 6: Benefits of Teleworking

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute
Similarly, we asked workers with telework experience to rate their satisfaction with the telework initiatives of
their employer on a 5-point scale ranging from “Satisfied” to “Dissatisfied” (Figure 7). The initiative that garnered
the most dissatisfaction (sum of “Dissatisfied” and “Somewhat dissatisfied”) was “Company’s subsidy/support
for telework,” with which 39.4% of workers were dissatisfied. This was followed by “Promoting communication”(30.7% in total), with which dissatisfaction also outstripped satisfaction (sum of “Satisfied” and “Somewhat
satisfied”), suggesting that communication is an issue in telework. However, satisfaction outstripped
dissatisfaction in all other initiatives.
Figure 7: Satisfaction with Employer’s Telework Initiatives

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate InstituteWe then asked workers with work-from-home experience their dissatisfaction with working from home
(Figure 8). The top replies were “Prone to lack exercise or become unhealthy” (44.0%) and “Difficult to switch
on and off from work” (37.2%). “Cost burden (e.g., for utility, communications),” which is related to “Company’s
subsidy/support for telework,” which many respondents were dissatisfied with in Figure 7, ranked high inworkers’ dissatisfaction with working from home.
Figure 8: Dissatisfaction with Working from Home

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute

Assessment of telework
In this chapter we will look at workers’ assessment of telework. We asked teleworkers*2 to rate their current
work style (a comprehensive rating including not only when teleworking but also when coming to the office)from the perspectives of performance, engagement, and stress, with coming to the office 5 days a week as 100.
The average ratings were as follows: performance 97.6, engagement 86.3, and stress 83.3.
*2 Teleworkers (61.5%) as confirmed in Figure 1 minus workers who replied that they currently allocate 100% of
their work time to their “regular office.”

We sorted the assessment into three groups*3 for each perspective and indicated their respective percentagesin Figure 9. While there had been concerns that performance and engagement would decline when teleworking,the sum of “Improved” and “No change” accounted for more than 50% in both. As for stress, 57.4% of
teleworkers replied that it was “alleviated,” with the percentage rising to more than 80% when including “Nochange.”*3 For performance and engagement, ratings of 101 and above are categorized as “Improved,” 100 as “Nochange,” and 99 and below as “Declined.” For stress, ratings of 99 and below are categorized as “Alleviated,”
100 as “No change,” and 101 and above as “Increased.”

Figure 9: Teleworkers’ Assessment of Performance, Engagement, and Stress<Compared to Coming to the Office 5 Days a Week>

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate InstituteWe then compared the satisfaction with employers’ telework initiatives (Figure 7) between workers whose
assessment of performance improved and those whose assessment of performance declined (Figure 10). The“Satisfaction DI” on the vertical scale represents the percentage of “Satisfied” and “Somewhat satisfied” for each
initiative minus the percentage of “Dissatisfied” and “Somewhat dissatisfied.” A positive value means there are
more workers who are satisfied than those who are dissatisfied.
Figure 10 indicates that workers whose performance improved have a higher satisfaction DI in all initiatives
than workers whose performance declined. This implies that there is a certain relationship between companies’
investments in telework initiatives and workers’ performance. There is a large gap in satisfaction with “Promoting
communication” in particular between workers whose performance improved and those whose performance
declined. Based on these findings, it will be necessary to further analyze the impact of telework initiatives on theperformance of workers.
Figure 10: Satisfaction with Employers’ Telework Initiatives – By Assessment of Performance

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
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reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate InstituteFurthermore, we compared workers’ dissatisfaction with working from home, which accounts for most ofworkers’ time teleworking (Figure 4), by assessment of performance (Figure 11). In most of the points ofdissatisfaction, a larger percentage of those whose performance declined felt dissatisfied than those whose
performance improved. The difference was particularly large in “Difficult to concentrate, prone to distraction”(difference between declined and improved (the same applies hereinafter): 17.4 pt), “Difficult to switch on andoff from work” (16.9 pt), and “Communication is difficult/reduced” (13.3 pt).
Figure 11: Dissatisfaction with Working from Home – By Assessment of Performance

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate InstituteWork styles after the COVID-19 pandemic
Lastly, we will examine respondents’ needs in work styles and the workplace for after the end of the pandemic.
Figure 12 is the percentage of those who currently telework (“teleworkers”) (Figure 1) and the percentage of
those who wish to telework for any length of time after the end of the pandemic (“those who wish to telework”).
The percentage of those who wish to telework was 65.8%, slightly higher than the that of current teleworkers.
Figure 12: Percentage of Teleworkers and Those Who Wish to Telework

We asked respondents the initiatives on work styles other than telework they currently use or implement(“Current state,” Figure 3) and those they wish to use or implement after the end of the pandemic. The needsignificantly outweighed the current state in “Work-from-home allowance (e.g., for supplies, utility costs)” (+15.4pt), “Side jobs permitted by the employer” (+12.3 pt), “Workation permitted by the employer” (+13.5 pt), and“Live and work at two locations; move to and work from suburb or countryside” (+9.5 pt) (Figure 13).
Figure 13: Needs in Work Style Initiatives

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute
Figure 14 shows the layouts of respondents’ regular office that currently exist and those that the respondents
wish to have after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. The layouts that saw a significant rise in needs comparedto the current state included “Space for refreshing” (+14.3 pt), “Canteen, café space” (+9.4 pt), “Booth or privateroom for remote meetings” (+6.1 pt), “Space for concentrating” (+13.7 pt), and “Booth or private room formaking phone calls” (+6.7 pt). These layouts may be introduced more in the future.
Figure 14: Layout of Office (Current State and Needs)

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute
Although we found in Figure 8 that workers had a wide range of dissatisfaction with working from home, notmany workers currently use a satellite office, which is an alternative place for telework to the home. Thus, we
asked respondents the conditions for using or continuing to use a satellite office, irrespective of whether they
have had an experience of using one (Figure 15). Among the various features, “It is close from home” (73.1%)
and “There is a private room for concentrating on work” (62.6%) attracted more than 50% of the votes.
Figure 15: Features of Satellite Offices Workers Wish to Use in the Future or Continue to Use

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute

Summary
In this report, we considered the work styles of office workers in Greater Tokyo going forward by examining
their current work styles after approximately 2.5 years from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and theirneeds for after the end of the pandemic.
Telework, which has spread rapidly as a result of the outbreak of the pandemic, has continued to be
implemented at the time of this survey (October 2022), with teleworkers accounting for roughly 60% of all
respondents. However, as their percentage has dropped slightly since the 2021 survey (67.7%), we believe
workers are beginning to return to the office as the pursuit of both infection control and economic activity
progresses.
Furthermore, the results of this survey imply that a certain relationship exists between workers’ satisfaction
with companies’ telework initiatives and workers’ performance (Figure 10). It will be necessary to continue
studying whether telework initiatives affect workers’ performance and, if so, what kind of initiatives specificallyhave a large impact. However, considering the current state where not a few workers feel dissatisfaction withworking from home, it may become important for companies to make investments to maintain workers’
productivity and engagement if they are to continue embracing telework. Such investments will specifically
include monetary support to help workers develop a work environment and providing places for work otherthan workers’ homes.
Amid the ever-changing situation, it will be necessary to maintain a watchful eye on how work styles and theworkplace change. Xymax REI intends to continue releasing useful survey results.

Related surveys:
・New Ways of Working and New Type of Office, released on April 13, 2017https://www.xymax.co.jp/english/research/images/pdf/20170413.pdf
・Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2018, released on June 6, 2018https://www.xymax.co.jp/english/research/images/pdf/20180606.pdf
・Effect of commuting stress on the working people’s satisfaction, released on June 4, 2019https://www.xymax.co.jp/english/research/images/pdf/20190604.pdf
・Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2019, released on December 19, 2019https://www.xymax.co.jp/english/research/images/pdf/20191219.pdf
・Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2020, released on November 24, 2020
https://www.xymax.co.jp/english/research/images/pdf/20201124.pdf
・Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2021, released on December 17, 2021
https://www.xymax.co.jp/english/research/images/pdf/20211217.pdf
・Exploring the Optimal Form of Hybrid Work, released on March 11, 2022
https://www.xymax.co.jp/english/research/images/pdf/20220311.pdf

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute
Survey Overview
Survey period

October 2022

Target respondents(1) Screening: 5,000 men and women aged 20 and above(2) Main survey: Those who replied in the screening that their profession was either anofficer or staff of a company or organization, whose job category was managerial,
specialized/technical, clerical or sales, whose regular office was located in Greater
Tokyo (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba prefectures), and whose current andpre-pandemic principal workplace was the office or home.

Number of valid answers

2,060

Geographical coverage

Greater Tokyo (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba prefectures)

Survey method

OnlineAttributes of Respondents

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute

Reference Material
Reference 1: Percentage of Teleworkers – By Job Category

Reference 2: Percentage of Teleworkers – By Job Position

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute
Reference 3: Percentage of Teleworkers – By Sector of Employer

Reference 4: Percentage of Teleworkers – By Number of Employees of Employer

Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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RESEARCH REPORT｜Xymax Real Estate Institute[Reference 5] List of DIs and Difference in DIs for Each Item of Figure 10

The percentage mix in the charts contained in this report are rounded to the first decimal place and therefore may not add up to 100%.

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Greater Tokyo Office Worker Survey 2022
The contents of this report are as of the time of writing. Xymax Real Estate Institute does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. This report may not be
reproduced, cited, transmitted, distributed, or reprinted without prior permission of Xymax Real Estate Institute.
Copyright © 2022 Xymax Real Estate Institute Corporation. All rights reserved.

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