A2-1ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ࡮࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩߚ߼ߩ㧵㧰ᵴ↪ဳඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ
Study of semi-structured interview method using instructional design for training needs assessment
by Human Resource Development vendor
૒⮮ ᷕᔒ†‡ ᳯᎹ ⦟⵨† ർ᧛ ჻ᦶ† ㋈ᧁ స᣿†
Kiyoshi SATO†㧘 Yoshihiro EKAWA† Shirou KITAMURA† Katsuaki SUZUKI†
̐ ᾢᧄᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢎ᝼ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓቇኾ᡹
̐ Graduate School of Instructional Systems, Kumamoto University̑ ᩣᑼળ␠ን჻ㅢ࡜࡯࠾ࡦࠣࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ
̑ Fujitsu Learning Media Limited
Email: ksatou@st.gsis.kumamoto-u.ac.jp޽ࠄ߹ߒ㧦ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪ߦࠃࠆലᨐ⊛ߥ㘈ቴ࠾࡯࠭ត⚝ᚻᴺࠍ⺰ߓࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆡಾߥੱ᧚⢒ᚑࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦߪ‫⏕ࠍ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࠮ࠕ࠭࡯࠾ޔ‬ታߦ߅ߎߥ߁ߎߣ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔߪߢ⁁⃻ޔ‬⢒ᚑ⃻႐ߪ߽ߣࠃࠅ HRM ㇱ㐷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ߘߩࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ࠍ߽ߚߥ޿߁߃‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐᕈߦኻߒߡߐ߃ήℂ⸃ߥࠤ࡯߽ࠬᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߢߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑߩᄖㇱฃ⸤⠪ߢ޽ࠆੱ᧚⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪߇‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬㘈ቴ⃻႐ㇱ㐷ߩ⢒ᚑ࠾࡯࠭ࠍലᨐ⊛ߦ᣿⏕ߦߒߡ޿ߊᚻᴺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ID ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚඨ᭴ㅧൻߐࠇߚࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔࡦࠗࠩ࠺࡞࠽࡚ࠪࠢ࡜࠻ࠬࡦࠗޔ‬HRD‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ‫࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬1.

ߪߓ߼ߦ╩⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬IT ᛛⴚ⠪ߩࠬࠠ࡞ะ਄ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߩᢎ⢒ࠍᛒ߁ੱ᧚⢒ᚑડᬺߦዻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬หડᬺߦ߅޿ߡ༡ᬺᵴേࠍⴕ߁ਛߢ‫ޔ‬㘈ቴ߇ᢎ⢒ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ㓙ߦචಽߦ⥄Ꮖߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦߟ޿ߡᛠីߖߕ‫⵾ޔ‬ຠฬ߿ᢎ⢒࡜ࠗࡦ࠽࠶ࡊౝߢߩ㔍ᤃᐲ࡟ࡌ࡞㧔౉㐷‫ޔ‬ೋ⚖‫ޔ‬ਛ⚖ߥߤ㧕ߩߺߢ್ᢿߒㆬᛯߒߡ޿ࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ߇ᢔ⷗ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦ᳇߇ߟ޿ߚ‫࠽࡚ࠪࠢ࡜࠻ࠬࡦࠗޕ‬࡞࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬⍮⼂ߩ⠌ᓧߦ㓙ߒ‫౉ޔ‬ญ࡮಴ญࠍ᣿⏕ൻߒㆡߒߚᢎ⢒ࠍㆬᛯߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ቇ⠌ኻ⽎⠪ߩ೨ឭ⍮⼂߿‫ޔ‬᳞߼ࠆੱ᧚௝ࠍᾫ⠨ߔࠆߎߣߥߊㆬᛯࠍߒߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬චಽߥᢎ⢒ᚑᨐࠍᓧࠄࠇߥ޿⁁ᴫࠍ↢ࠎߢߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪ߩ༡ᬺ߇‫ޔ‬㘈ቴߣធߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬㘈ቴ߇ᜬߟ᣿⏕ߥ޿ߒౝ࿷⊛ߥ࠾࡯࠭ࠍ
ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍㅢߒߡត⚝ߒߡ޿ߊᣇᴺࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬㘈ቴ⥄りߩ࠾࡯࠭ࠍ㗼࿷ൻߐߖ‫ߦ࠭࡯࠾ޔ‬ㆡߒߚᢎ⢒ࠍㆬᛯߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2.

࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ࡮࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ⠌߿ࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊࠍℂ⸃‫ޔ‬ቯ⟵ߒ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߩ‫࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬෼㓸߿‫ࡀޔࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࡟ࡏ࡜ࠦޔ‬ࠧࠪࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦၮߠߊ⸻ᢿࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫( ޠޕ‬1)ߣቯ⟵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪ࠻ࡦࡔࠬ࠮ࠕ࠭࡯࠾ޕ‬Rossett߿ Kaufman‫ޔ‬Mager&Pipe ߥߤߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎⠪ߩᢙ߿ᄢ߈ߐߣ޿ߞߚⷙᮨ߿‫࠹ࡇࡦࠦ߿ࠢࠬ࠲ޔ‬ࡦࠪ࡯ߣ޿ߞߚౝኈߩ㆑޿ߥߤ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ⷰߥޘ‬ὐߢ⎇ⓥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ(2)(3)‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪߇ឭଏߔࠆቯဳߩ⎇ୃࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣ‫ޔ‬ฃ⻠Ꮧᦸ⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߩࡑ࠶࠴ࡦࠣࠍㆡಾߦⴕ߁ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬knowledge
and skills assessment ߩᚻᴺࠍᔕ↪ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᧄᚻᴺߪ‫ޔ‬ᬺോࠍല₸⊛࡮ലᨐ⊛ߦⴕ߁ࠬࠠ࡞߿⍮⼂ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ‫ߣ⁁⃻ޔ‬ℂᗐߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿‫࡯࠾࡮ࠣࡦ࠾࡯࡟࠻ޔ‬࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ࠍലᨐ⊛ߦⴕ߁ᣇᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫࠻ޕ‬࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ࡮࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߪ‫ࠬ࠮ࠕ࠭࡯࠾ޔ‬ࡔࡦ࠻ߢ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ޿ߊኻ⽎ࠍ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߦ㒢ቯߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

3.

ඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯

ඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ᚻᴺߪ‫ޔ‬‫⾰ޟ‬໧࡝ࠬ࠻ߦࠃࠅࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ߇‫ޔߪ࡯ࠕࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬㊀ⷐߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㗔ၞࠍᷓជࠅߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⵬ഥ⊛ߥ⾰໧ߦࠃࠅ⥄⊒⊛ߦ⾰໧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫(ޠ‬1)ߣቯ⟵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫࡯࠾ޕ‬࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩߚ߼ߩᖱႎ෼㓸ߩᣇᴺߣߒߡ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߪߎߩඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍㆬᛯߒߚ‫᧚ੱޕ‬⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱ‫ࠍୃ⎇ޔ‬ฃ⻠ߐߖߚ޿ᢎ⢒ᜂᒰ⠪‫ޔ‬਄ม‫ޔߒ޿ߥޔ‬ฃ⻠⠪ᧄੱ㧔એਅࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻㧕ߣߩ‫ޔ‬㧝ኻ㧝ߢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ᢎ⢒੐ᬺ⠪߇ലᨐ⊛ߦࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻ߩ⺖㗴ࠍᷓជࠅߔࠆߚ߼ߩᚻᴺߣߒߡඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ᚻᴺࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬4.

⎇ⓥౝኈ

ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢߪ⺞ᩏᲑ㓏ߢ޽ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬એਅߩᵹࠇߦᓥ޿‫ᧄޔ‬ኻ⽎ߩ࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ᣇᴺ
ࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ᒻᚑ⊛⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬
4.1 ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛
ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ߦ࠻ࡦࠕࠗ࡜ࠢޔ‬ኻߒࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ

− 50 −

教育システム情報学会
第 34 回全国大会

࡯ࠍⴕ޿࠾࡯࠭ࠍ᣿⏕ൻߔࠆᚻᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ࡦࠗࠩ࠺ޔ‬ታ㛎ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩᣇᴺ⺰ࠍ↪޿⎇ⓥࠍߔߔ߼ࠆ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥᚑᨐࠍታ㓙ߩᢎ⢒੐ᬺ⠪ߩ⃻႐ߢᵴ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬໧㗴▎ᚲࠍ⎇ⓥߦࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ
ߒ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
4.2 ⃻⁁ߩ໧㗴ὐᧄ⎇ⓥߩኻ⽎ߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪ߣࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ߩ࠻ࡦࠕࠗ࡜ࠢޔ‬ฃ⻠ㆬᛯߦ޽ߚࠅ࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ࠍⴕ߁ᚻᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ㧔࿑㧝㧕‫৻ޕ‬⥸⊛ߦߪ‫ߪ࠻ࡦࠕࠗ࡜ࠢޔ‬ฃ⻠ߒߚ޿⎇ୃฬࠍᜰቯߒ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪߇ឭଏߔࠆ⎇ୃࠍ↳ߒㄟ߻‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬႐ว‫ޔ‬એਅߩ⺖㗴߇޽ࠆ‫⺖ߩߎޕ‬㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ߩ⹺⼂ࠍឥ߃‫ޔ‬ᖱႎࠍ౒᦭น⢻ߣߔࠆ࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠚ࠙ࠬ࡯ࠦޔߣ࠭࡯࠾ߩ࠻ࡦࠕࠗ࡜ࠢޕ‬ࠕߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ߇ㆡಾ߆ุ߆ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫࠾ޔ‬࡯࠭ࠍ᭴ㅧൻߒߚਅ૏⋡ᮡߣ‫ߩࠕࠚ࠙ࠬ࡯ࠦޔ‬ቇ⠌⋡ᮡߩ⓭วߖࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ࡯࠳ࡦࡌޕ‬ᣢሽࠦ࡯ࠬߢ߹߆ߥ߃ࠆㇱಽߪߤߎ߆‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙߦࠦ࡯ࠬ㐿⊒ࠍߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿▎ᚲߪߤߎ߆߇᣿⏕ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޔ‬ឭଏᓟߦ࠾࡯࠭ߦวߞߚ⎇ୃ߇ឭଏߐࠇߚ߆ุ߆ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆ㧔࿑㧝ߩԝ㧕႐วߪ‫ੌୃޔ‬ᓟߩ㆐ᚑ⁁ᴫߦߟ޿ߡਔ⠪ߦߡ⏕⹺ߒ޽߁ߎߣ߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫㧝 ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻⚿ᨐ㧔ୃੌᓟ⹏ଔ฽߻㧕ࡌࡦ࠳࡯ࠦ࡯ࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻ߩୃੌᓟߩࠬ࠙ࠚࠕߩ࠾࡯࠭㆐ᚑ⁁ᴫቇ⠌⋡ᮡಽ⸃ߐࠇߚቇ⠌⋡ᮡԘታോㆡ↪น⢻࠾࡯࠭Ԙ㧔೔㆐ߒߚ㧕หԙቇ⠌⋡ᮡԙ⚻㛎߇ਇ⿷หԚቇ⠌⋡ᮡԚ⍮⼂ߩߺℂ⸃หԛቇ⠌⋡ᮡԛᔅⷐ⍮⼂ߩ৻ㇱߩߺቇ⠌หԜኻᔕ㗄⋡ߥߒቇ⠌ߒߡ޿ߥ(ᣂⷙ㐿⊒੍ቯ) ޿5.

ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪2009/8/19 - 8/21

ో૕ߩ࠾䏚࠭࡮ ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪ߪࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻ߩᧄ⾰⊛ߥ⺖㗴߇ಽࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᜰቯߐࠇߚ⎇ୃ߇ㆡಾߥ⸃᳿╷߆್ᢿߢ߈ߥ޿‫߽ࠬࠗࡃ࠼ࠕޕ‬ਇน⢻‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻ߪଐ㗬ߔࠆ⎇ୃ߇⥄Ꮖ߿⚵❱ߩ⺖㗴⸃᳿ߦㆡಾ߆ุ߆್ᢿ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ୃ⎇ޕ‬ฃ⻠ߩᚑᨐ߇ᬺോᡷༀߣߥࠆ଻⸽߇ߐࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬

JSiSE2009੹ᓟߩዷ㐿ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬㧠.ߦ਄ߍߚ⋡⊛ߦኻߒߡᔅⷐߥ࠷࡯࡞ࠍᢛ஻ߒ‫ޔ‬ᒻᚑ⊛⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒻᚑ⊛⹏ଔߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ‫ޔ‬༡ᬺᜂᒰ⠪߇㘈ቴߣࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕ߁႐ߢߩ᦭↪ᕈߩᬌ⸽ߣߔࠆ‫↪᦭ޕ‬ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇┙⸽ߐࠇߚᓟߦ‫ߩઁޔ‬⡯ോߦኻߒߡߩᔕ↪ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪ߦ߅ߌࠆ༡ᬺ߅ࠃ߮ CS ⓹ญ‫ࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠤ࡯ࡑޔ‬ㇱ㐷ߦߡㆡ↪ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ࠭࡯࠾ߩ࠻ࡦࠕࠗ࡜ࠢޕ‬ㆡߒߚࠦ࡯ࠬ࠙ࠚࠕߩㆬᛯߪ‫ޔ‬ᛩ⾗ኻലᨐࠍᦨㆡൻߔࠆߚ߼ߦ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߪ੹ᓟߩડᬺߩੱ᧚⢒ᚑߦነਈߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ⏕ାߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ໧วߖ㧔Ṽὼߣߒߚ࠾࡯࠭㧕ԙ࠾࡯࠭ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻ߩታᣉԚౕ૕⊛ߥቇ⠌⋡ᮡߩᵞ಴ߒԛ⎇ୃࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩଐ㗬Ԝ⎇ୃࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩታᣉԝ⎇ୃࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⹏ଔ㧔છᗧ㧕࿑ 1 ࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻ߣੱ᧚⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ⠪ߩ㑐ଥ
4.3 IDᵴ↪ဳඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ㐿⊒ߣㆡ↪
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ࿑㧝ߩԙԚࠍⴕ߁ߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ID ᵴ↪ဳඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߩᚻᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ᚻᴺߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽ⍮⷗ߩ ID‫࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ᚻᴺࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬ಽᨆߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ID ߩࠧ࡯࡞ಽᨆ‫⋡ޔ‬ᮡߩ᭴ㅧൻߣ޿ߞߚᚻᴺࠍᔕ↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠢ࡜ࠗࠕࡦ࠻ߩ⃻⁁߿޽ࠆߴ߈ᆫ‫ࠍࡊ࠶ࡖࠡޔ‬ၒ߼ࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆౕ૕⊛ߥ⋡ᮡߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣߦ
ߪ‫⾰ޔ‬໧ᣇᴺߦᨵエᕈߩ޽ࠆඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯
ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߥ⾰໧㗄⋡‫⾰ޔ‬໧ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ‫ޔ‬ಽᨆ‫⚿ޔ㉼⸃ޔ‬ᨐߩนⷞൻߩᣇᴺߪ੹ᓟߩ⎇ⓥߦࠃ
ࠅ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ታᣉ⚿ᨐ଀ߣߒߡ‫⴫ޔ‬㧝ߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡಽᨆ࡮⸃㉼ߐࠇߚࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ࠍ␜ߔ‫᧚ੱޕ‬⢒ᚑડᬺߩ৻⥸⊛ߥࠦ࡯ࠬ࠙ࠚࠕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⋡ᮡ߇␜ෳ⠨ᢥ₂(1) Gupta, Kavita, Sleezer, Catherine M. and Russ-Eft,
(2)

(3)

(4)
(5)

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