Supporting Communications in Global Networks
Kevin Duh & 歐陽靖民Supporting Communications in Global Networks

Machine Translation
Kevin Duh6000
Number of Languages in the World
世界中の言語の数Transportation
Telecommunications
Translation
Image courtesy of: nasa.gov

There are 6000 languages in the world.

MACHINE
TRANSLATION
機械翻訳

世界には６０００の言語があります。

When I look at anarticle in Russian, I
say: “This is really
written in English,
but has been codedin some strange
symbols. I will now
proceed to decode.
[1947]
Warren Weaver,American scientist (1894-1978)
Image courtesy: Biographical Memoirs of National Academy of Science, vol. 57

Rule-Based
Machine Translation(1960—now)-----------------------------

Data-Driven
Machine Translation(2000—now)-----------------------------

Manual encoding oflinguistic knowledge
into rules

Exploiting Statistics
from Large Data

Architecture of
Data-Driven Machine Translation------------------------------------------------------------------There are 6000
languages in the world

Bilingual
Text Data
対訳データStatistics
統計的学習

ProbabilisticModels
確率モデル

世界には６０００の言語がありますArchitecture of
Data-Driven Machine Translation------------------------------------------------------------------There are

6000 languages in the world
Word Translation
Model

あります

６０００ 言語には世界

Fluency Model

世界には ６０００ の 言語 が ありますHow to build these models?

Exercise:Let’s build one now!

1a) evas dlrow-eht
1b)2a) dlrow-eht si detcennoc
2b)3a) hcraeser si tnatropmi
3b)4a) ew eb-ot-mia tseb ni dlrow-eht

4b)1a) evas dlrow-eht
Frequency1b)

dlrow-eht

32a) dlrow-eht si detcennoc

dlrow-eht

12b)

si23a) hcraeser si tnatropmi

si13b)
4a) ew eb-ot-mia tseb ni dlrow-eht

4b)1a) save the-world
Frequency

1b)

the-world

32a) the-world is connected

the-world12b)

is23a) research is important

is13b)
4a) we aim-to-be best in the-world

4b)1a) save the-world
Frequency

1b) 世界 を救え

世界 the-world

2a) the-world is connected

を救え the-world 12b) 世界

は 繋がってる3a) research is important3b) 研究は is2

繋がってる is1は 大事4a) we aim-to-be best in the-world4b)世界 一 を 狙う3

in practice, it’s not that easy

Recent Research Efforts
Duh+(2010), “Analysis of Translation Model Adaptation ”
Duh+(2011), “Bayesian Adaptation of Alignment Matrices”

What if data is
insufficient?

Bilingual
Text Data
対訳データ

Other
Data

Statistics
統計的学習

Other
Data

Other
Data

Probabilistic
Models
確率モデル

Recent Research Efforts
English: Subject

VerbObject

Japanese: 主語

目的語

動詞

Visit us @Posters 5-7for more info

How to use Japanese-specific knowledge?
Bilingual
Text Data
対訳データ

Statistics
統計的学習

Probabilistic
Models
確率モデル

Recent Research Efforts

Probabilistic Modelas Finite State Transducer

Bilingual
Text Data
対訳データ

Statistics
統計的学習

Can wetranslate faster?

Probabilistic
Models
確率モデル

Using technology from Speech Recognition:
Hori+(2007), “Efficient WFST one-pass decoding w/ on-the-fly rescoring”

Killer Application for Translation?

Three General Scenariostranslate intranslate outtranslate 2-waytranslate in

The Future
Knowledge Worker

Translation
Technical Articles

Breaking News

© Robert Brook

Social Mediatranslate out

The entire world is your market.
Export Things:
Cars
Electronics
Machinery
SteelChemicals

Export Culture:Movies
MangaApps
Music…

2-wayReal-time Conversation– now

６０００、言語の数

smartphone

ー翻訳中ーHow will you use translation
technology?

あなたなら、翻訳をどのようなコミュニケーションに使う？

Supporting Communication in Global Networks

Social Network Mining
歐陽靖民Japanese Programmers on GitHub

Created by franckcuny@FlickrSix Degree of Separation

Stanley Milgram

American Social Psychologist
1933-1984

BBC recreating the experiment in 2009
(From Nairobi to Boston)Happiness and Social Network(Fowler and Christakis, 2008)

Obesity and Social Network(Christakis and Fowler, 2007)

The Age of Online Social Networking

500,000,000 Active Users
30 billion content shared

200,000,000 Users
65 million tweets per daySocial Network MiningWhy social network mining?
Identifying influential users in a network

Why social network mining?
Understanding how information spreads
I heardthat it isgood!
^.^^_^

I likethis!

Why social network mining?
Making Social Recommendations
30 of your bestfriends havealready bought
this!

Understanding
Social Networks

Measuring a Social Network
Example: Studying Twitter
Four Degree of Separation in Twitter

Kwak et al. What is Twitter, a Social Network or a News Media? WWW, 2010.

Modeling a Social Network‘Exploring complex networks’(Strogatz, 2001)

Scale-free Networks
Small World Networks‘Emergence of scaling in random
networks‘(Barabási & Albert, 1999)

Supporting Usersin Social Networks

SocialInformation
OverloadingSupporting Users in Social Networks
Learning the relations among people
Many interactions / Similar Opinions

Few interactions / Different opinions

Usersparticipatingin the socialnetwork

New
algorithms forsupporting thesocial network

Measuring andModelling thesocial network

Our ResearchResearch Question
How trust relations shapeuser opinions?
How trust can be used to predict
user opinions?

Trust Relations
U2

U1

U1

U1U2

U3

Timeline

U1

U2

Product Ratings

U3

Similarity between users
increases before andafter trust

Difference in ratings
decreases before andafter trustEstimating strength of relations + Predicting user ratings

Does he/she like this type of product?
?

+=?
?

?
?

Influence from different trusted friends

SummarySupporting Communicationin Global Networks