GOSAT Mission Operation System
Nov. 5, 2008
@Toranomon Pastral
Toshiaki TAKESHIMAJAXA/EORC
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JAXA GOSAT Mission Operation System
Mission Operation system is for mission planning, dataacquisition, data processing, data archiving, and data
distribution.
• Mission Management Organism (MMO)• Data Acquisition Control System (DACS) (EOC*)• X-band Data Receiving Antenna （EOC)• X-band Data Recording System for GOSAT (EOC)• High Latitude X-band Station （KSAT* Svalbard）• EORC Information System (EIS)• Processing Control System (PCS)• GOSAT Specific Data Processing Subsystem(Level 0 ＆ TANSO Level 1 Processing）• Automatic Alert System (AAS)* EOC: Earth Observation Center, JAXA
KSAT: Kongsberg Satellite Service2

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Mission Management Organization (MMO)• MMO accepts observation requests for

GOSAT mission sensors and make plan for
sensors operation and data downlink.
• MMO is also responsible for downlink
antenna assignment.
• MMO locates at TT&C operation room for
GOSAT and the same operator controls it
together with Satellite Management andControl System (SMACS).
4EOC Data Acquisition Control System (DACS)• DACS controls EOC data receiving andrecording systems and assigns EOCresources according to the MMO requests

5EOC Data Receiving System• EOC Data Receiving System tracks GOSAT

satellite. It receives and demodulates GOSAT
mission data downlink via X-band.
• For GOSAT purpose, demodulators and test
modulator are added to existing ADEOS andMOS-1 antennas.

6Data Recording System for GOSAT• Data Recording System records demodulated data

sent from X-band receiving system as Raw Data. In
pararell, it sorts the demodulated data according totheir APID and records as APID sorted data.
• It sends recorded APID sorted data to GOSAT dataprocessing system via EORC Information System(EIS).
• Operation can be done by the same operator forreceiving system.
• This system is also applicable to any other satellites
using CCSDS format
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High Latitude Abroad X-band Receiving
Station （KSAT SvalSat）• SvalSat is an X-band receiving station locatesat 78 degree north of latitude.
• SvalSat has visibility for every GOSAT orbit of
14-15 ones per day.
• 5-7 GOSAT downlinks to SvalSat per day areplanned.
• SvalSat send APID sorted data to JAXA/EORC.
• Data Transmission will use academic network
such as GEANT/SINET.
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EORC Information System (EIS)• EIS is constructed as a common

infrastructure for Tsukuba EarthObservation Research Center (EORC).
• For GOSAT, it takes care of data interface
control, data archiving, and user services.

9Processing Control System (PCS) for GOSAT• PCS controls GOSAT specific data processing
subsystem as an outer function.
• PCS takes care of planning for dataprocessing, product scene definition, datainterface control, results management, etc.
• PCS can be applicable to other global
observation satellites data processing withrelatively simple revision.

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GOSAT Specific Data Processing System• Data Processing System perform level 1

processing for GOSAT TANSO FTS and CAI.
• It also equips visual inspection function.

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Automatic Alert System (AAS)• AAS receives alert mails from registeredsystems and transfers the alert to theregistered personnel via e-mail.
• AAS sends alert mail when the registeredsystems cease to send periodical alive mail.
• AAS follows up non-conformances until theproblem is fixed.

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TANSO/FTS Observation Modes
Observation ModeObservation
ModeⅠ

OutlineDayObservation

Mesh points observation with SWIR and TIR bands.

NightObservation

Mesh points observation with TIR bands.

Observation Mode Ⅱ

SWIR only observation mode without pointing mirror control for the caseof power supply contingency

TargetMode

Sunglint Observation

Sunglint observation

Target Mode
Observation

To observe specified target locations requested through observation
requests.

Calibration
ModeMoon Calibration

Calibration for SWIR band using full moon. This calibration will be planned
once a year.

Solar Irradiatnce
Calibration

This calibration is done at satellite dawn in every orbit.

Instrument Function
Calibration

Perform mechanical calibration using 1.55μm semi-conductor laser.

Electrical Calibration

Calibrate onboard signal processing by inputting voltage standard signal

Diagnostic Mode

Check refrigerator status when necessary13

TANSO/CAI Observation Mode
Observation Mode

Observe Earth surface duringday
Calibra Moon
Calibration for SWIR band usingtion
Calibration
full moon. This calibration willModebe planned once a year.
ElectricCalibrate onboard signal
Calibrationprocessing by inputting voltage
standard signal
Night
Calibrate night offset level.
Calibration
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Mesh Pattern Observation Mode(5 points mesh)

Pass N+1
Pass N
Daytime: SWIR+TIR

Nighttime: TIR only

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Standard Mesh Pointing Observation# of points
for crosstrack
direction

Distance ofneighbor
points atlatitude of
30 deg (km)Distance ofneighbor along
tracks latitude of
30 deg. (km)Time for 1
point
observation(sec)Time for 1
exposure(sec)

Number of
exposuresfor 1 point
observation

1

788.8

90.3

12.8

4.03

3

262.9

283.1

13.2

4.0

3

5

157.8

152.2

4.0

4.0

1

7

112.7

114.9

2.0

2.0

19

87.6

86.2

1.1

1.1

１

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Sunglint observation• Sunglint observation is for better statistics for

SWIR bands over water reflection of sun light.
• Sunglint observation is done with target mode
• Sunglint observation is done with mirror fixed17

Target Mode Observation• Observe the positions

specified by observation
requests• One point or continuous
multiple points target mode isavailable• Maximum 8 sets limitation fortarget mode per orbit• Sunglint observation is also atarget mode observation• Target points table has
capacity of 3000 points
parameters

Target ModeObservation

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TANSO/FTS Onboard Calibration• Solar Irradiance Calibration– Done during satellite dawn while satellite in daytime and zeneith
point in nighttime• Blackbody and Cold Sky Calibration– Done as pair
– m and n times during daytime and nighttime, respectively, in anorbit （m+n≦16）– To avoid losing the same altitude data phase of these calibration isdetermined with a function of date

• Lunar Calibration– Done once a year using 1.3
orbits during full moon timeSunlight• Instrument Function Cal.
– Once a month• Electrical Calibration– Once a month

CAI Lunar Cal
FTS Lunar Cal19

Basic Observation Pattern
FTS（SWIR）Solar Irradiation Calibration

FTS（SWIR）Observation
CAI（Visible, SWIR）Observation

FTS/CAI Lunar Calibration

Sun Light

FTS（TIR）Observation

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Observation Requests and Planning
・ NIES collects observation requests from Science Team and PIs
・ Merge NIES observation requests with JAXA original one and GOSAT project adjusts them・ MMO accepts observation requests after adjustment to plan observation.
・ Observation plan is delivered to NIES
ScienceScience Team
TeamPIPIJAXA／GOSAT
JAXA／GOSAT（Operation）Project（Operation）ProjectNIES
NIES

JAXA／
JAXA／
GOSAT
GOSAT MMO
MMO

JAXA／
JAXA／
FlightFlight Dynamics
Dynamics

Delivery request

Orbit Info request（OCL）Long term orbit info.

Creation ofnominal orbit（Media）
Sunglint Event Region
And Observation Region

Gain Setting（FTS、CAI）

Obs. Request

Observation
Requests
Collection

Parameters（E-mail）
Parameters（E-mail）
Obs. Request（E-mail）

Observation Request Adjustment
Obs. request
Obs. Request
Observation Plan（C:D S-put）

Operation Planning

21Timeline for Observation Requests【運用プロジェクト-観測要求受付・調整】
Mon
月

Tue
火DHF

Wed
水Thr
木Fri
金Sat
土Sun
日Mon
月

観測Accept
要求Requests
受付

TEE

観測Send Observation
要求
MMOへ
Requests toMMO
提示

競合調整
Adjustment

SIE
TEDA

【週単位の作業】
WeeklyOperation
N- 6週

N-5週

N-4 週

N-3週

火
Tue

N-2週

N-1 週

N週

N+ 1週

火
Tue

観測Observation
計画Planning
立案

N週分 変更要求受付・計画変更
Changerequest for week N

観測Plan計画
確定
Fix・ Obs. Request from NIES 6 weeks before observation
・ Adjustment by GOSAT project【日単位の作業】
Daily Operation
MonTueWed
月火水
D-4日
D-3 日
D-2日
・ First planning by MMO at 5 weeks in advance
MMOMIS・ Until Monday of previous week of observation,CMD
CMD
Creation
作成change request is accepted・ On Tuesday of the previous week of observation 2nd planning is done・ Last minutes change can be accepted by 3 days before observation
・ Final observation plan and commands are made 2 days before
・ Command upload to GOSAT 1 day beforeThr
木D-1日

FriSat
土金D日

D +1日

CMD
CMD
送信Upload
観測Observation

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Flow from observation to data production
Observation

1 downlink per every 2 orbits

Wait before downlink

Less than 2 min. for TANSO

Downlink

1 downlink takes 4-10 min. 1 minute downlink transmits 0.9 GB data.

Processing at station

APID sorting: It takes 2-3 timed longer than downlink time

Data Transmission

Effective 20Mbps connection

L0 processing< 5 min.

L1 Calibration Processing< 5 min.

L1 Processing
L1 Data Transmission

Faster than 1/3 of observation duration
Effectively 20Mbps connection

NIES23

Timeline from observation to delivery of FTS L1 products
From observation to delivery(quickest) ：113 minutes
From observation to delivery

L0 processing andL1 calibration
processing(slowest)：264 minutes
Data transmission to TKSC
Last 2 minutes dataObservation (2 orbits)
200 minutes

Downlink, APID sort

20min.

24min.

10min.

＠TKSC
L1 processing @TKSC

57
minutes47
Minutes

Processing 9 min.

Delivery+ transmission 0.5 min.

to NIES@SvalSat/EOC

Start ofEnd ofdelivery

delivery24

GOSAT JAXA TANSO ProductsFTSCAIProductsOutline

Level 1A/B

L1A product covers 1/60 orbit interferogram data for mesh pointing
observation accompanied with geometric information and radiometriccalibration information. L1B is spectrum data with FFT on interferogram data ofL1A

Level 1A/B
Target Mode

Same as Level 1A/B but for Target Mode Observation.

Level 1A/B
Calibration

Interferogram and Spectrum data of FTS calibration modes except for lunar
calibration. One calibration products contains one downlink data.

Level 1A/B
Lunar Cal.

Interferogram and spectrum data of FTS lunar calibration mode

Level 1
ProductDay-Earth surface observation data for half orbit by digital number
accompanied with geometric information and radiometric calibration
information.

Level 1
Calibration

Calibration mode data for CAI except for lunar calibration. One calibration
product contains one downlink data.

Level 1 Lunar
Calibration

Lunar Calibration mode data for CAI. This product contains one full lunar
calibration data.

FTS L1B is standard product and open to public, but FTS L1A and CAI L1 data areinternal products and available to limited users25

GOSAT Product Release Schedule
GOSAT Produ c t Re le ase Sc h e du leLau n c hLevel 1 ProductProje c t Stu ff
RA re se arc h e r
Sc ie n c e Te am Me mbe r
Use rs with Agre e me n t(Se n sor/ Re se arc h / Proc e ssing/ An syrally Data
Con tribu tion )L+ 3 M

L+ 6 M

Uncollected

L+ 9 M

Initially
Calibrated

Use rs with Agre e me n t (Data
distribu tion c on tribu tion )Pu blic u se rs

Level 2 ProductProje c t Stu ffs
RA re se arc h e r, sc ie n c e te amme mbe r or u se rs withagre e me n t for algoryth mde ve lopme n t, c alibration , orvalidation
RA re se arc h e r, sc ie n c e te amme mbe rs, or u se rs withagre e me n t n o t in c lu de dabove c olu mn
Use rs with Agre e me n t (Datadistribu tion c on tribu tion )Pu blic u se rs

L+ 1 Y

Confirmed

Confirmed

Initially Calibrated

Calibrated

Confirmed

Calibrated

Confirmed

Confirmed

Level 3 and 4 product will be distributed when NIES release confirmed version
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