Operation of theCoupled Cyclotron Facilityat Michigan State University
Andreas Stolz
Head, Operations Department

7th Workshop on Accelerator Operations

NSCL / Michigan State University

Daejeon, Korea, April 2010

National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory• National user facility for rare isotope research and education in nuclear science, astro-nuclear physics, accelerator physics, and societal applications• Located on the campus of Michigan State University inEast Lansing• One of the three nuclear-science flagship facilities in
the US (RHIC at BNL, CEBAF at JLAB, NSCL at MSU)
• Largest university-based nuclear physics laboratory in
the U.S. – 10% of U.S. nuclear science Ph.D.s• 390 employees, incl. 69 graduate students, and 39 faculty – over 700 users• Graduate program in nuclear physics ranked 2nd(U.S. News and World Report)• NSCL provides accelerated beams of heavy ions fromoxygen to uranium, including rare isotope beams• Michigan State University has been selected to establish FRIB, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Coupled Cyclotron Facility

05mion sources
SuSI ECR

RT-ECR

K500

K1200
focal
plane
strippingfoil

productiontarget

2 coupled cyclotrons
primary beams: oxygen to uranium
K500: 8 - 12 MeV/u, 2-8 eµA
K1200: 100 - 160 MeV/u, up to 2 kW

A1900

A1900 fragment separator
to produce rare isotope beams

stolz@nscl.msu.edu

NSCL Primary Beam List
Particle

Proton Number

60

40

200
0

20

40
Neutron Number

60

Primary beam list as offered for experiments (January 2010)(some available beam energies not shown)

80

16O
18O
22Ne
24Mg
36Ar
40Ar
40Ca
48Ca
58Ni
64Ni
76Ge
78Kr
86Kr
96Zr
112Sn
118Sn
124Sn
124Xe
136Xe
209Bi
238U

Energy Intensity[MeV/u] [pnA]

150120120
170
150
140
140
140
160
140
130
140
140
120120
120
120
140
120
80
85

125
125
80
305050
2280
20
72025
20
1.5
3
1.5
1.5
10
2
10.2
stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Primary Beam Statistics

CCF delivers a different
primary beam every
5 to 7 days, typically 30 beamchanges per year.
The development of
new primary beams(isotope and energy)
is driven by user
demand.

CCF Primary Beam Isotope Statistics
Xe-136 [5.9%]

Ar-36 [5.4%]

Ge-76 [6.3%]

O-16 [5.3%]
Ni-58 [5.3%]

Kr-86 [7.4%]

Ca-40 [5.2%]
Xe-124 [4.9%]

Kr-78 [10.2%]

O-18 [3.4%]
Sn-112 [2.9%]

Ar-40 [12.3%]
average fraction ofoperating hours
2003 - 2008

Ca-48 [16.8%]

Zr-96 [1.5%]
Sn-124 [1.4%]
Mg-24 [1.3%]
Pb-208 [1.1%]
U-238 [1.1%]
Ne-22 [0.9%]
Bi-209 [0.8%]
Ni-64 [0.4%]
Sn-118 [0.2%]

stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Rare Isotopes produced at NSCL
more than 1000 RIBs have been produced (2001-2010)
more than 830 have been used in experiments

Proton Number60

40200134Te
104,105Sb100,102-104,106,108,110,112Sn
98,113-122,126-127,131-133In
96,110-119,125-130Cd
108-117,121-128Ag
106-115,118-125Pd
104-112,116-122Rh
100-118Ru
99-115Tc
84-85,96-112
83-84,93-111Nb
Mo
80-81,91-108Zr
87-106Y
84-98
86-103Sr
Rb
72,81-96
70-72,79-86,88-94Br
Kr
64-70,76-84,86-91Se
65-68,75-80,85-88As
60-66,72-78,82Ge
63,64,71-75,78,82Ga
60,62-63,72,74,76,78-81
57-58,62,71,73,75-80Cu
Zn
54-64,67-78Ni
52-75Co
45,50-70Fe
48-70Mn
43,46-68Cr
44-66V
43-63Ti
41-61Sc
36-58Ca35-56K
Observed
31-53Ar
32-50Cl
28,30-48SExperiments at CCF
27-45P
24,26-44Si
23-43Al
Produced at CCF
20,22-38,40Mg
20-35,37Na(observed previously)
18-32,34
17-27,29,31F
Ne
13-24
Primary Beams
12-23NO
9-17,20C
8,10-15,17,19B
status January 2010
7,10-12,14Be
7-9,11Li
4,6,8He
1-3H

0

20

40
Neutron Number

60

80
stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Overview of the Fragment Separation Technique
Example: 86Kr → 78Ni

RT-ECR

86Kr14+

K500

20 ft

ion sources
SC-ECR

10 m

86Kr14+,

couplingline

12 MeV/u

K1200

A1900

focal plane∆p/p = 5%
strippingfoil

86Kr34+,transmissionof 65% of the
produced 78Ni

productiontarget

140 MeV/uwedge

Zfragment yield after target

fragment yield after wedge

fragment yield at focal plane

78Ni

78Ni

78Ni

NNNZZ

stolz@nscl.msu.edu

NSCL’s Facility Plan
Rare isotope beams can be delivered toseveral experiment end stations

Gammasphere
GRETINA

Many of the experimental devices aresupported by Operations staff
0Silicon
Array

Laser
Spectroscopy
Cyclotron
Gas Stopper

10m

ECR IonSources

AT-TPC

K500
Cyclotron

SweeperMagnet MoNA

Cryogenic
Gas Cell

ANASENGas Target

RFQReA3
CleanRoom

K1200
Cyclotron

A1900
Fragment
Separator

RFFSBCS
NERO

Neutron
Walls

S800

EBIT Charge
Breeder

SeGa
HiRA
CAESARLENDA
stolz@nscl.msu.edu

CCF Operations Statistics

2500

Beam Ready

Primary Beam D&T
Secondary Beam D&T

Scheduled Off
Unscheduled Off

hours / quarter year

2000

1500

1000

500

0
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

NSCL ist currently funded for 4200 operations hours per year
Coupled Cyclotron Facility (CCF) operates 24/7 during beam delivery periods
stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Operations Schedule
2008/2009
OctoberNovember

DecemberJanuaryFebruary

MarchAprilMay

JuneJuly

AugustSeptember

Experiment schedule is finalized
3 months in advanceExperiments are typically 5-7 days long,
1 primary beam from cyclotrons
1-3 different rare isotopes
Shorter quarterly shutdowns forpreventative maintenanceLonger shutdowns for upgrade orlarger repairs(e.g., summer 2009: installation of new
superconducting ion source)

Beam Delivery

Maintenance Shutdown
stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Organizational Structure
Operations
Ion Source Group (5 FTE)

ion source support,
weekdays 08:00-17:00 on-site,
call-in support at other times

Operations Engineers Group (8 FTE)

Maintenance Engineers Group (4 FTE)

cyclotron operations(+ maintaining ion source tune),
24/7 on rotating shift
weekdays 08:00-17:00 during maintenanceBeam Physicist Group (3 FTE)

beam delivery support, weekdays 08:0017:00 on-site,17:00-24:00 and weekend
on-demand, call-in support at other times

Development Group (5 FTE)

weekdays 08:00-17:00 on-site, on-demandand call-in support at other times

Electronics
Facilities
Computer
Mechanical Design
Fabrication&Assembly

day time on-site technical support,
call-in support at other times
for RF systems, power supplys,
cryogenics, vacuum systems,
control system, computer,mechanical repair, ...
stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Cyclotron Operator Group
Cyclotron Operator Responsibilities:
Tuning of two cyclotrons and beam lines from ion source to production target,
maintaining ion source tune, monitoring of all production systems,“first responder” for alarms, operator will call-in technical support if needed,first contact for experimenter support during off-hours
Primary beam development takes 8-10 hours (12 hours scheduled: 16:00 - 08:00)
Operator Shift Schedule

week 2week 1CrewABCDEABCDEMonday8888Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

88888888888888888Friday

8812888Saturday

88121288Sunday

1212121212hours

641640
40
81664
4040
8Cyclotron Operator is only group on rotating shift schedule
2 operators per shift crew, 1 OIC = “operator in charge”
three 8-hour shifts during weekdays (shift change at 07:00, 15:00, 23:00)
two 12-hour shifts during weekend (shift change at 11:00 and 23:00)
crew rotates only through 2 out of 3 shifts
stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Beam Physicist Group100

Rare Isotope Production and Delivery:

10Difficulty is correlated with production rate,
which can vary over more than ten orders of magnitude:
many million particles per second toa few particles per week

Proton Number

10Task is similar to Ph.D.-level nuclear physics experiment

80

1010
1060

10-6-4-2024> 1040- 10- 10- 10- 10- 10- 10
6-4-20

N=82

2
4
N=50

6

Z=50

N=28
N=20
Z=28

20Development time: 2 - 24 hours
Delivery time: 3 hours to experiment after development

N=126rate in pps

Z=20

N=8Z=8Z=220406080

100120

Neutron Number

1 group leader and 4 beam physicist (50% beam delivery, 50% research)
Beam delivery scheduled during daytime, weekend support with prior arrangement
Beam physicist group also supports initial tuning of experimental devices

stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Control Room Layout

faciltystatusoperator
officeK1200
cyclotron

separator &beam lines

K500
cyclotron

operator
officestolz@nscl.msu.edu

Facility Logbook

Display facility status for experimenters
in Data-U areas, invite corrections

Facility status is captured in Hourlog
database by operator
All operations data, including
experiment statistics, breakdown
statistics and availability can beextracted from Hourlog databasestolz@nscl.msu.edu

Facility Availability
High availability is essential to maintain experiment schedule(defined 3 months in advance)

CCF Facility Availabilty

1.0

Availability is product of all system availabilties
0.9

Availability A relates to Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
and Mean Down Time (MDT):

Increase MTBF and decrease MDT
Mean Down Time MDT is sum of many components:
Recognize a problem exists, diagnose problem, repair strategy,
get parts, install, test, check quality, recover operations
MDT can be decreased by reducing time for each step
Mean Time Between Failures MTBF depends on quality
Design, parts, work, procedures
Quality engineering and quality officer, project teams
Track failures by system, root cause analysis, preventive action,
value engineering

Availability

A = MTBF / (MTBF + MDT)

0.8

O-ringfailure2 poweroutages

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4
2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

Yearstolz@nscl.msu.edu

Availability on Hallway Displays
Staff members are informed on-line about availability in 10 Hallway Displays

stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Quality Management System
NSCL introduced Quality Management System to achieve and maintain high availability(third-party certification to ISO 9001 in 2008)
Every system or process failure triggers “Trouble Report”
Root cause analysis, corrective and preventive action

Employee Training
Online Training modules can be taken any time,training database to document successful training

Beam P
lanni

Experimenter Feedback Survey to analyze “Customer Satisfaction”
Experimenter feedback helps to improve beam deliveryng

Continual
Improvement

BeamP r o d u c tidbackFeeerm

Labwide Preventive Maintenance Database
Scheduled Maintenance with Reminder Emails
Maintenance Records to document maintenance history

Cu
stoon

similar management systems for Integrated Safety (OHSAS 18001certification ) and
Environmental Management (ISO 14001 certification)stolz@nscl.msu.edu

Future Challenge
Operations
FTEs

support
Total FTEs
ratiosystemgroupion source

ion source group

1.5

23

cyclotrons

operator group101.515

A1900
beam delivery group+HE beam line

1.523

gas stopping122ion source group

122

LINAC group

51.5

7.5

0.5

2160keV beamtransport +analysis
EBIT+ Q/A
separator
LEBT
RFQ
SRF linac

beam delivery groupbeam delivery group

Expansion:
Stopped and reaccelerated beams
cryogenic linear gas stopper
cyclotron gas stopper
EBIT charge breeder
superconducting RF linear accelerator(0.3-3.2 MeV/u, 12 MeV/u upgrade)new experiment halls

increase in Operations staff by 60%

LINAC groupbeam line
to experimentbeam deliverygroupdiagnostics

LINAC group

CCF

1321

CCF+ReA3

20.5

33.5

stolz@nscl.msu.edu