Status of the Soreq Applied
Research Accelerator Facility
I. Gertz1, I. Mardor1, D. Berkovits1, L. Weissman1,A.Perry1, A. Abramson1‚ C. Piel2
1Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
2Research Instruments, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany

WAO 2010
April12th,2010

Topics of the Talk

• Brief overview of SARAF• The specialty of SARAF• Beam characterization and Phase I
applications plan and its execution• Summary and Conclusions

2

SARAF Layout
Parameter

Value

CommentIon Species

Protons/Deuterons

M/q ≤ 2

Energy Range

5 – 40 MeV

Current Range

0.04 – 2 mA

Operation

6000 hours/year

Reliability

90%

Maintenance

3Hands-On

Upgradeable to 4 mA

Very low beam loss

SARAF Phase I – Detailed Design (2010)
Extracted from a 3D model of SARAF developed under “Inventor 3D” (CAD application)

3D model was crucial for:
• The detailed design of infrastructure interfaces• Installation of all accelerator components
4

SARAF Phase I – As installed (2010)

View Towards Downstream

5

SARAF Phase I – As installed (2010)

View Towards Upstream

6

SARAF Phase I – Beam line segments
before installation (2010)7

SARAF Phase I – Liquid Li Target (LiLiT)
under tests (2010)

8

The specialty of SARAF (1)– 0.04 - 2 mA of protons and deuterons, CW, at energies
5 - 40 MeV, with hands-on maintenance– Flexible, independently phased design– Very low beam loss required (1 nA/meter)– Beam dynamics calculations focused on beam loss

9

The specialty of SARAF (2)Prototype Superconducting Module (PSM)

Novel design• Superconducting
acceleration starting at
1.5 MeV/u• SC Linac based on Half
Wave Resonators(HWR)• Separation of vacuum
between beam line andcryostat• 4-Rod RFQ with a heat
flux of more than 60
kW/m
10BeamPekeler et el., LINAC 2006

The Specialty of SARAF (3)Construction and Commissioning of a (Beyond-)State-of-the-Art
accelerator within an international business collaboration• Accelerator – Accel Instruments (RI) (Germany)• Cryogenics – Linde Kryotechnik (Switzerland)• Building and Infrastructure – U. Doron (Israel)• Beam Lines and Applications - Soreq

Overall Integration – Soreq
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The Operation, Construction andCommissioning Group• SARAF engineering group members - Soreq– Head of Engineering Group (Facility Management, Site Engineering,Control Systems, Electrical and Electronics Systems, Infrastructure)– Electrical Engineer (RF)– Mechanical Engineer (Cryogenics, Vacuum)– Physicist (Accelerator, Diagnostics, Beam lines)– Industrial Engineer (Maintenance and Technical Office Management)– Safety Specialist (“online” safety, procedures for present and future)– Software Development Advisor (NI Labview Applications
Development, SARAF DB Development, Operational tools
development (Tickets System, E-logbook))– RF Advisor (Design and Development of new RF equipment,
Maintenance and Upgrade of an existing equipment)
12

Auxiliary systems• All auxiliary systems were installed and accepted (RF, Magnets power
supplies, PLCs, Cryogenic Plant) and currently are under optimization andmatching to system requirements

Cold BoxVaporizer
LHe Dewar

Beam Dump
Rack
D-PlateRack
PSM-RF

LEBT
Rack

13

PSM
Control
Floating floor

MEBT
Rack

RFQ-RF
SystemCooling water

Personal Safety System (PSS)PSS Station at the Main Control RoomControlled
entry to theaccelerator
area

14

PSS HMIStatus of Ion Source and LEBT• The EIS has passed SAT
and is under routine usagefor proton and deuteron
operation

15

Status of RFQ (1)• Fully conditioned RFQ for proton operation
The RFQ as installed in beam corridor

Parameter
frequency f0 [MHz]input energy W in [keV/u]
output energy W out [keV/u]max. mass to charge ratio A/qinter electrode voltage Vel [kV]electrode length [cm]duty factor [%]

Value
176
20
1500
265
390
100

thermal load [kW/m]

62.5

The RFQ during assembly
16Status of RFQ (2)17Status of RFQ (3)18Status of RFQ (4)19Prototype SC Module (PSM)
General Design:

Houses 6 176 MHz
HWRs and 3 SC
solenoids
Accelerates protons anddeuterons from 1.5
MeV/u

Beam

Very compact design inlongitudinal direction
Cavity vacuum andinsulation vacuum
separated
202500 mm

PSM commissioning

1000• Helium processing reduced
field emission from the cavities

Radiation (mR/h)

100

HWR1
HWR2

10

HWR3
HWR4
1

HWR5
HWR60.1

and allowed stable operation at0.01
15higher fields

20

Before25

3035

Epeak (MV/m)

1000

Radiation (mR/h)

100

HWR1
HWR2

10

HWR3
HWR4
1

HWR5
HWR6

0.1

0.01
15

2120After25

Epeak (MV/m)

30

3525/9/2007

PSM commissioning• Measurements of the piezoelectric tuner tuning range showed areduction by a factor of 2.
• The Cryostat was opened and the piezoelectric actuators wereexchanged. Analysis done by the manufacturer revealed a fault ofelectrical contact due to differential expansion.
• The tuning range of the new-piezos was measured and found to behigher. However, recent measurement indicate a reduction again.

Change theresonance frequency
by expanding orcompressing thecavity
22

PSM - Issues under investigation
Cavity phase from AD8302
150Phase[Degrees]

1005001.2

1.25

1.31.351.4

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.6

Time[Sec]

Cavity Trip
Coupler temperature increaseduring RF operation in HWR4
Probably insufficient heatremoval23

Stable operation at moderate gradients(EP~15MV/m, Vacc~500kV)
Frequent trips at higher gradients2009 Beam operation (1)June :

Deuteron beam (beam DC 10-4, 5mA LEBT current, RFQ
only, RFQ DC 10-30%)
optimum RFQ power (252 kW)transmission (57 %)transversal emittance (0.16 mm mrad)

August:Proton beam (beam DC 10-4, 5mA LEBT current,
RFQ +PSM, RFQ CW)
acceleration to 3.7 MeV
instabilities in cavities and instabilities in cryogenics(fallevery 15-20 min)transversal emittance (0.15 mm mrad )September:Proton beam (beam DC 10-4-10-2, 5mA LEBT current, RFQ+PSM, RFQ CW)
acceleration to 3.4 MeV
increase of beam DC to 2 %beam induced instabilities
I. Mardor, SRF2009

24

2009 Beam operation (2)October :Proton beam (beam DC 10-4-1, 0.1-2 mA LEBT current,
RFQ +PSM, RFQ CW)
acceleration to 3.15 MeV
transmission 80-70 %gradual increase of beam DC to CW for low current
gradual increase CW beam current to 1 mA
stability tests

November:Deuteron beam (beam DC 10-4, 0.5 mA LEBT current, RFQ+PSM, RFQ DC 1%)
acceleration 4.3 MeV
transversal emittance (0.15 mm mrad)study long. emittance25

Beam operation (CW proton beam)
After phasing, gradually increased duty cycle and beam current
Long stability test : CW proton beam 0.7-0.8 mA, at energy 3.15 MeV
kept for 8 hours
Two types of vacuum PSM effects:
1. sharp jumps with beam injection
2. gradual increase with time

Further increase of current (up to 1.5 mA CW)
lead to instability in cryogenics and cavity trips
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Status of the Control System (1)• Most applications are being developed and upgraded
during commissioning
Overview of the SARAF Main Control Room27

Status of the Control System (2)PS Application

Power Supplies Control Screen
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New Vacuum Application

LINAC Vacuum Control Screen

Summary of the project status• During 2009, significant progress was achieved:•a. First experience with proton/deuteron beam acceleration•b. First experience with high duty cycle proton beam•c. Several significant RFQ modifications•d. Most importantly: accumulation of expertise by local staff
The SARAF International Steering Committee recommended forgoing forward with the second phase of the project
Nevertheless, there are still some challenges in bringing Phase I of the projectto the required specifications till the end of 2010•
a. Modification and conditioning of RFQ up to the fields needed for CW
deuteron beam (260 kW CW)•
b. Understanding of beam optics and higher current operation•c. Optimization of SRF System•
d. Temporary Phase I Beam line construction and tests
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Work Methods• Establishment of 4 working independent workgroups:– RFQ– Beam Operation– SRF– Beam Lines• Weekly workgroup meeting• Weekly integration inter-group meeting• Integrated Gantt chart development

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Integrated Gantt

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Work Methods – Challenges• Main challenge is a resource sharing:– Beam Corridor– Human Resources• Preventive and Predictive Maintenance Scheduling• Breakdowns

32Thank you33