A Report of My Visit to Canada
a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates,
the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin(1920-1940)

April 20, 2000

Yuko Ikeda

KWANSEI GAKUIN ARCHIVES
Uegahara Nishinomiya 662-8501 Japan
Phone: +81-798-54-6022 Fax: +81-798-54-6462

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

A Report of My Visit to Canada;a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates,
the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin (1920-1940)
page

I. The Genesis of a Visit to Canada- a photograph of a bust of C. J. L. Bates

2

II. Materials Concerning C. J. L. Bates

4

1. Albums

4

2. Oil paintings and etchings

5

3. Letters

7

4. Diaries

8

5. Another "Mastery for Service"9

6. Busts

12

7. Family tree15

8. Conversation with the people who knew C. J. L. Bates

17

III. Other Materials

18

1. At Mount Allison University

18

2. At Maritime Conference, the United Church of Canada

20

3. The United Church of Canada and Mrs. Gwen Norman

21

IV. In Conclusion

23[References]25

1

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

I. The Genesis of a Visit to Canada- a photograph of a bust of C. J. L. Bates
My odyssey begins when I was shown a photograph of a bust of C. J. L. Bates, whichforms part of the doocument collection of Kwansei Gakuin [AD/8-2] used on theoccasion of the school's 70th anniversary. The signature of Bates is inscribed on thisphoto. Unfortunately there is no explanation accompanying this photo, nor have I beenable to locate the bust within the School's collections. The similar bust was placed on
the first floor of Tokeidai, the Clock Tower Building which was used for the library, and
it is reported that the bust had been made in 1974. This would suggest that this bust
was different from that existing in 1959 when the school celebrated its 70th
anniversary. First of all, the face looks different. What is known is that C. J. L. Bates
travelled from his home n Toronto to Kwansei Gakuin in order to attend the anniversary
despite being over 80 years old. Thirty six years have already passed since C. J. L. Bates
died. His son who accompanied him to Japan has now passed away hence it notpossible to obtain evidence pertaining to the bust from him. Nor has it been possible toobtain information on the bust in the photo from professors emeriti at Kwansei Gakuin
University.
The Archives of Kwansei Gakuin contains
many documents on the history and life of
the institution, which was founded in 1889.
Within these holdings are many photographsfrom the albums possessed by C. J. L. Bates.
Many of these are reprints from the family
album, which were kindly provided in 1988
by Dr. Armand de Mestral, the first son of
Lulu, a daughter of C. J. L. Bates, (cf. "II. 7.
Family Tree") through the efforts of Mr.
Makoto Fujita, the then Executive Director of
the International Center of Kwansei Gakuin.
Among these reprints I found a set of threephotos of the bust of C. J. L. Bates that weretaken from three different directions. One ofthese also shows a woman standing besidethe bust. These photos seem to have takenin the backyard of the Bates House andthough the date is not indicated, anannotation "The Three Busts" is inscribed.
The bust in the photo appears to be the2

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuinsame one found in the photograph kept with the 70th anniversary documents.
In searching for additional evidence to illuminate the origin of this bust, I located anessay entitled: "The Beginning Days of the Commercial College," written by Teikitsu
Kimura in Kwansei Gakuin Rokujunenshi, The Sixty Years History of Kwansei Gakuin,
October 29, 1949 which states: "In April, 1936, we had two small busts of President
Bates made at Daimaru Department Store with money donated by Mr. Shotaro Ikeda
and several members of the Chishiokai, Alumni Association of the Commercial College.
One was sent on consignment to the Board of the Foreign Missions of the United
Church of Canada when Dr. Outerbridge left Japan before the war and another was putin the Bates House." Unfortunately there is no photograph of the busts referred to in the
essay, so it is impossible to state with assurance that the bust in the three photographs
is the same as that produced in 1936.
In an attempt to resolve this puzzle I began a correspondence with Dr. Armand de
Mestral, the present owner of the Bates albums. Dr. de Mestral is a professor of Law at
McGill University in Montreal and he had been instrumental in facilitating theagreement between McGill University and Kwansei Gakuin University. Though I had not
yet met him, he kindly responded to my inquiries. He revealed that the woman in one ofthe photo is his mother, a daughter of C. J. L. Bates, who was at the time a teacher at the
Canadian Academy in Japan when the busts were made in 1936. Though he had notseen the bust itself, he promised to make inquiries about it from his aunt, the wife of
the third son of C. J. L. Bates.
From the information provided by Dr. de Mestral, I have determined that the bust in thethree photographs is the one commissioned by the Chishiokai. However, two busts had
been made and the evidence suggests that one was transported to Canada, while theother went to the Bates House, where the photos were taken shortly after they had beenmade. Having asked Dr. de Mestral to try to locate the one in Canada, I was left to locate
the one that had been in the Bates House on campus which seemed also to havedisappeared.
A few weeks later I received the happy news from Dr. de Mestral that the Canadian bust
was in the possession of Mr. Scott Bates, grandson of the third son of C. J. L. Bates, who
resided in Toronto. He indicated that there was an inscription on the base of this bustthat read "Presented to Dr. C. J. L. Bates by his Japanese friends, April 1936." He also
indicated that should I be coming to Canada to conduct research on this artifact, hewould be pleased to be my host. What began as a puzzle over a photograph led me toprepare for a visit to Canada to explore the Bates family history. Alumni who had earlier
been to the C. J. L. Bates' house in Toronto had indicated that the house was full of3

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

items from Japan and Kwansei Gakuin. Having completed the four volume Centenary
History, it seemed timely that new research be initiated on the Bates' family and theCanada connection. I talked with Chancellor Ichiro Yamauchi and Dr. Eiichi Yamamoto,Director of the Archives, and they decided to send me to Canada from September 24 toOctober 5, 1999. The following report documents the visit and the materials I was able
to locate in Toronto, Montreal, and Sackville.

II. Materials Concerning C. J. L. Bates
1. Albums
C. J. L. Bates came to Japan just after he got married in Canada in 1902. He must havebrought a camera with him. He himself took many photographs in Japan and mademore than ten albums, while some pictures seem to have been taken at the photostudio before coming to Japan. What C. J. L. Bates left after his death were divided
among his four children. The albums were received by Lulu, his only daughter, and,after her death, were passed on to Dr. Armand de Mestral, Lulu's first son.
The photographs in the albums are clear, though the cover pages and the strings are a
bit damaged. Most of the photos are in order according to year and some are identified
or annotated. It seems the photos were soon placed in albums, but some of photos
seem to have been stored for a while. C. J. L Bates' annotations appear on the photos orin white ink on the black pages of the albums. It would be hard to take a photocopy of
the white memos on the black paper, because some of the handwriting is hazy. C. J. L.
Bates inscribed the year and the place for most of the pictures. We can say his albums
are like diaries in a sense. Generally the photos without any memo are not informative.
Subjects for photography are his family, his friends, the places be visited, buildings on
the campus of Kwansei Gakuin, school events, and so on. Some pictures are elaborately
composed, for example, he takes a school building beyond flowers in the foreground.
He also used a soft focus lens. It is clear that he often used a camera for recording daily
events because he even photographed himself in bed when he was sick. Besides, he put
the photos of Emperor Meiji, Emperor Taisho, and the Royal Family of the United
Kingdom in his albums.
Though we had already received the reprints of the photos concerning Kwansei Gakuin
in 1988, I had an opportunity to see firsthand the photos of his childhood and his era of
the university's life. The photos of his childhood are possessed by Dr. Charles deMestral, Armand's brother. I am not sure but they seemed to be daguerreotyped
photographs. They were taken in the late 1870s. The daguerreotype was mainly used4

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

until the 1860s (Shashin no hozon, tenji, shufuku. Tokyo: Musashino Kurieito, May 20,
1996). Since many techniques were used in the 19th century, we need to show them toan appropriate person who can confirm the technique used. Besides these there arephotos of C. J. L. Bates' parents, brothers, and grandparents. They are important tounderstand his whole life.
C. J. L. Bates left the following memos on each cover of the albums. In addition, there
was another album, which is full of the photos of the wedding of Japanese people. They
must have been sent from the alumni; obviously he had been keeping them with joy.
Family Bates (before/after 1902)
1902/12 Japan & Canada
1902/12
1902/20
1921/7
1924/8
1928/31
1931/5
1935/8
1938/40
1940/45
1955/6
2. Oil paintings and etchings
There is a size 6 oil painting [PL/2/BCJL] by C. J. L. Bates at the Kwansei Gakuin
Archives. It is a brightly colored landscape of Miyajima, Hiroshima. He did not sign thepainting, nor did he write anything on the back. According to our catalog card, thispicture was presented to Kwansei Gakuin in September 1986 by Dr. D. E. Woodsworth,
son of H. F. Woodsworth, the first Dean of the Department of Literature and Law.
Before visiting Canada, I asked Dr. Armand de Mestral whether he had the paintings by
C. J. L. Bates and received the answer, "I have one painting. My brother and sister haveone also-- somewhat in the impressionist style. It is possible that my Bates cousins inToronto also have some. He was a prolific painter on holiday."I saw three oil paintings in Montreal. C. J. L. Bates did not write his name on the front,
nor did he furnish any explanation on the back. One of them is a landscape in Japan (cf.
Shiryoshitsu-dayori, KG Archives Newsletter, no. 10, December 3, 1999). It is theseaside of Takayama (Shichigahama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi). Regarding the second
landscape I cannot specify where it is at the moment. I got a different impression from5

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

the third one. Claude de Mestral, husband of C. J. L. Bates' daughter, wrote something
in French on the back. The picture was drawn in 1942 by C. J. L. Bates and the title is"Winter of Quebec." It was in December 1940 that C. J. L. Bates left Japan for Canada, so
it might have been painted the next winter, after Japan and the U. S. A. rushed into war.
He drew snowy mountains, trees, and houses. It is a lonely landscape, different from hisother oil paintings, but I can feel his warm heart as he looks at the freezing cold winter.
It recalls his affliction while Japan and Canada were on different sides. He also left adraft of his radio address, "Understanding Japan", which he gave in Canada in 1942. A
copy was sent to Kwansei Gakuin by Dr. Armand de Mestral in 1989.
By the way, what kind of influences did C. J. L. Bates, with a paint brush on campus, giveto the students, when the number of students was much fewer? In the Bates albums
there is a photograph of C. J. L. Bates painting on an easel and surrounded by students.
As I mentioned in "1. Albums", C. J. L. Bates had a spatial sense, with interests andunderstanding of paintings and photographs. This picture reminds me of the vivid
activities of the students and the alumni in this field, including the Guenguetsu-kai
before the war.
Last year we got an inquiry regarding Hiroshi Kambara and Imazo Kitamura, our
graduates who are print artists, from Kobe City Koiso Memorial Museum of Art. Since
we have several etchings by Hiroshi Kambara, we were asked to lend them for the
special exhibition. At Dr. Armand de Mestral's house in Canada I happened to find oneof his etchings which was not owned by Kwansei Gakuin. There was an identification,"Afternoon at Uegahara, near Nishinomiya H. Kambara 7/30" on it. According to thechronological list of Hiroshi Kambara's works made by Kobe City Koiso Memorial
Museum of Art, it must have been entered in the 6th Exhibition of the Association of
Prints in Japan. I could not imagine that I saw an etching that had not been found inJapan. Though most of the etchings owned by Kwansei Gakuin are discolored becauseof sunlight, this etching in Montreal seems to be kept in good condition. Two more
etchings by him were there.
Actually Hiroshi Kambara had a relation with C. J. L. Bates and wrote these sentences inKwansei Gakuin Kotoshogyogakubu Dosokai Kaiho, the Alumni Bulletin of theCommercial College of Kwansei Gakuin, no. 20, September 1937 [CE/7]: "I graduatedfrom the Middle School of Kwansei Gakuin and was studying painting at Hongo
Kenkyujo in Tokyo. Mr. Sakano was studying at Doshisha after being at the Middle
School of Kwansei Gakuin. Both of us were called back to Harada-no-mori campus ofKwansei Gakuin by Dr. Bates to enter the Commercial College, where Dr. Bates allowed
me to paint pictures." It is also said that Dr. Bates told the students in Japanese that thebusinessmen who liked painting were excellent people.
6

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

3. Letters
In Canada I was able to see the letters from C. J. L. Bates addressed to his daughter, Lulu,
and her family, and the letters written by the alumni and the faculty in Japan addressed
to C. J. L. Bates.
Over 100 letters to Lulu and her family are kept by Dr. Charles de Mestral, Lulu's second
son, in Montreal. All are in C. J. L. Bates' handwriting. It must have been natural for him
to handwrite letters to his daughter; he may have felt that typed letters were rude. We
have several letters written by him as President to J. C. C. Newton, former President(1916-1920), in the U. S. A. Two of them were typewritten. In one of them he asked J. C.
C. Newton not to mind his having typewritten the letter.
The letters addressed to J. C. C. Newton are very important for Kwansei Gakuin, though
the total number is not large, for they are sent from the present president to the former
president, including a few written before C. J. L. Bates became President. Some of themwere found at Lake Junaluska, North Carolina, and brought as photocopies to Kwansei
Gakuin by Mr. Nobuo Kobayashi, Professor Emeritus, the first Director of the Archives,in the 1970s. Interesting letters were also involved in the Newton Collection. This
collection was found by Chancellor Ichiro Yamauchi at Duke University, Durham, North
Carolina, and obtained on microfilm in 1978. These letters tell us that C. J. L. Bates,
President from Canada, respected J. C. C. Newton, former President from the U. S. A.,
because he wrote to him about many matters, both private and official. Tamanosuke
Nishikawa wrote an essay in Kwansei Gakuin Rokujunenshi, The Sixty Years History ofKwansei Gakuin, October 29, 1949: "Besides that there was a hidden power struggle
between Canadian Methodists and Southern Methodists. We sometimes had conflicts
and discord and we were always engaged in shrewd battles of wit and cunning. The
friendly atmosphere we used to have has disappeared. Finally peace returned toKwansei Gakuin because of C. J. L. Bates' great political influence." It is easily imaginedby his letters that his respectful attitude toward the former President was one of thevital factors to unify everyone at Kwansei Gakuin.
Concerning the letters from C. J. L. Bates to his daughter, most of the stamps were cut
off the envelopes but they were still kept with the letters inside. If we cannot find thedate on the envelope because of the lack of the stamps, we can usually learn the datefrom the letterhead. The strength of C. J. L. Bates' pen stroke was notable; it is beautiful
handwriting. They are rather easy to read, excluding the letters written in his mostadvanced years.

7

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

The number of the letters written by C. J. L. Bates addressed to Lulu and her family are
as follows:Year

NumberYear

NumberYear

Number

1940

1

1954

19

1961

3

1948

1

1955

11

1962

1

1950

1

1956

14

1963

3

1951

5

1957

8

unknown

5

1952

19

1958

9

1953

25

1959

5

The number of other letters

total

130
26

Most of these letters were written after C. J. L. Bates left Japan, so by reading them wecan comprehend more about his life in Toronto. There is a letter to Lulu in which hewrote Japanese in the Roman alphabet at the beginning. He sometimes wrote hismemories. If we read them carefully, we can understand his whole life. Fortunately I
could borrow all of the letters. I would like to have photocopies taken for the Archives.
The reprint and the abridged translation of the letter in which he informed Lulu and herhusband of the approval of his resignation in 1940 were in Shiryoshitsu Dayori, K.G.
Archives Newsletter, no. 10, December 3, 1999.
The letters from Japan to C. J. L. Bates are possessed by Mr. Scott Bates, grandson of thethird son of C. J. L. Bates, who lives in Toronto. I can say that cards and letters fromJapan were treasured by C. J. L. Bates. I did not have enough time to read all of them inToronto, so Mr. Scott Bates kindly offered to send me photocopies. So I cannot write
much about them in this report, but I could recognize a couple of interesting names, forexample, Megumi Imada, Bunsho Jugaku, and Nobuo Kobayashi, among the lettersfrom Kwansei Gakuin Faculty. There was a letter from a graduate written in Japaneseusing the Roman alphabet. Several letters start with, "I am so glad to receive yourletter..."At Dr. Armand de Mestral's house in Montreal I also found a binder full of Christmas
cards from Japan.
4. Diaries
Before visiting Canada, I read Newcomers in a New Land, October 1988 [AA/2/BCJL],
written by Robert Bates, the third son of C. J. L. Bates. It is a small book on the history of
the Bates family in Canada. I found a sentence that indicates that C. J. L. Bates had kept
diaries. If the diaries were written even for a short period and are extant, they would be8

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

most informative materials for Kwansei Gakuin.
At Mr. Scott Bates' house in Toronto there were three bundles of papers with thiswriting by C. J. L. Bates on top: "Guidance Book & Diary". They are small pieces of paper(164mm x 96mm); very small letters were written with a thick pen or pencil. With aglance I could not grasp details, but I could tell they were in his handwriting. The dates
were from July 1, 1935, to around 1941. Some pieces are bound but some are not. It
would be very hard to read such small letters to confirm the order. The sentences ofDecember 31, 1940, which were rather easy to read, were written on board the ship
going from Kobe to Yokohama, heading back to Canada.
I am wondering whether these are all of his diaries. He might have written diaries only
for these years because it was a special period before the war. Other diaries might beheld by other family members. Perhaps they were so private that C. J. L. Bates destroyedthem himself. When I read Newcomers in a New Land, I discovered the period during
which he kept diaries, was from 1909 to 1910. The diaries for these years might befound among the pieces. In January, 2000, I was able to borrow the diaries from Mr.
Scott Bates. I would like to have photocopies taken to confirm the contents and send
the originals back to him.
Robert Bates, the author of Newcomers in a New Land, is the grandfather of Mr. Scott
Bates. After Robert passed away in 1993, his wife gave everything regarding C. J. L.
Bates to this grandson, who loves Japan. Actually his eyes look just like C. J. L. Bates'.
When Mr. Scott Bates came to Japan over 10 years ago, Harada-no-mori kai, our oldalumni group, apparently talked much about this characteristic. Mr. Scott Bates listened
to the stories about Japan, Kwansei Gakuin, and his great grandfather from his
grandfather, who had been born and raised in Japan, thus becoming interested in Japan.
Finally he decided to spend several months in Japan when he was a university student.
Also his wife had taught English for two years in Japan before they married. C. J. L.
Bates' influence has extended to the third generation.
5. Another "Mastery for Service"
McGill University in Montreal is the school where C. J. L. Bates studied for three years
from 1894 to 1897. His curriculum vitae usually starts with notice of his graduationfrom Queen's University in Canada with the Master of Arts in 1901, though othermissionaries indicate their bachelor's degrees. Why didn't C. J. L. Bates note a bachelor's
degree? He himself wrote that he had studied for three years in McGill University, andthe books that seem to have been used by him at that school, were left at Kwansei
Gakuin.
9

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

I wanted to visit the Archives of McGill University to check his records and to clarify thereason he did not write about McGill University in his curriculum vitae. I was alsointerested in how the archivist would deal with my question. On the afternoon of
September 29, 1999, Dr. Armand de Mestral kindly introduced me to Mr. Gordon Burrat the Archives of McGill University.
At the Archives Mr. Burr checked the graduates' list. Bates' name was not included.
Next he told me to try to find his name in the University publications and newspapers
by using the indexes. If he were active in study or club activities, his name should bethere. However, he could not be located there, either. At last Mr. Burr checked theAnnual Calendar of McGill College and University and found Bates' name. The Calendar
was issued every year and there are students' names for each session, and the entrance
examinations, etc. We could find his name in the first-year session of 1894-95, thesecond-year session of 1895-96, and the third-year session of 1896-97. He wascertainly registered for three years. We could also find his name as a partial student in
the third-year session of 1901-02. Thus I could confirm that C. J. L. Bates was registered
for three years but did not graduate. I think the reason he left McGill University without
graduation was that he was accepted by the Montreal Conference of Ottawa District of
the Methodist Church and appointed to Blind River in May 1897. Blind River is thefarthest point in the Montreal Conference, so he could not continue his studies becauseof the great distance.
In conversation with Mr. Burr, I gave him my business card and explained therelationship between C. J. L. Bates and Kwansei Gakuin, which might help him find thepertinent records, and I made an unexpected discovery.
Mr. Burr: "Did C. J. L. Bates propose Mastery for Service for the school motto ofKwansei Gakuin? The School motto of Macdonald College is also
Mastery for Service."
Ms. Ikeda: "What did you say? Did you say Master for Service?"
Mr. Burr: "I said Mastery for Service.

We have the very same school motto as

Kwansei Gakuin."
I had heard from Prof. Nobuo Kobayashi that our school motto, Mastery for Service,proposed by C. J. L. Bates in 1912, was not his original idea, though Prof. Kobayashi did
not know where it came from. So I asked Mr. Burr to show me something regarding theschool motto of Macdonald College.
Macdonald College of McGill University mainly consists of the Faculty of Agricultural
10

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

and Environmental Science, 40 km away from the main campus. According to
Macdonald College of McGill University 1907-1988: A Profile of a Campus, it was
founded by Sir William Macdonald as a residential college for Agriculture, Household
Science and the School for Teachers in 1907. His interest in the new college was not
merely that of a financial sponsor. He was deeply concerned about every facet of its
development. He proposed the college motto of Mastery for Service. If he proposed it
as soon as the college was founded in 1907 (1906 on the website), that was five years
ahead of its proposal for Kwansei Gakuin.
C. J. L. Bates was already living in Japan in 1907, but he was not aware of Kwansei
Gakuin. He first became aware of Kwansei Gakuin at Karuizawa in the summer of 1908.
C. J. L. Bates and W. K. Matthews were talking about the possibility of the Canadian
Methodist Mission joining in the work of Kwansei Gakuin ("Reminiscences of Kwansei
Gakuin Forty Years Ago and Since" by C. J. L. Bates in Kwansei Gakuin Rokujunenshi, The
Sixty Years History of Kwansei Gakuin, October 29, 1949). After that the Bates familyleft Japan for their first furlough in 1909-10. They journeyed from Japan to Europe by
way of the trans-Siberian railroad. They went back to North America from England andvisited McGill University in Montreal. As proof of this, there is in his album a
photograph of their children taken on the campus of McGill University. He might haveheard of Macdonald College, which had just been founded and of its school motto. It
was on September 10, 1910, that C. J. L. Bates arrived at Kwansei Gakuin.
There is another theory about the school motto of Macdonald College. When C. J. L.
Bates visited McGill University, the new campus had already been opened but the school
motto had not yet been proposed. On the school motto of the new campus Sir William
Macdonald might have consulted with C. J. L. Bates, who was staying in Canada on a
furlough from Japan. Even if the school motto were proposed at the same time of its
foundation, they might have gotten to know each other and Sir William might havewritten a letter about a school motto to C. J. L. Bates who was active as a missionary inJapan. As I mention in "4. Diaries," I can state this with more certainty if the diary for
1909 and 1910 is found. Or I would like to see the materials that indicate the proposalof the school motto, the university newspaper of that time, and something written by
Sir William regarding the school motto. I do expect Mr. Burr would be able to find somerelevant materials at McGill University.
As Mr. Masahide Uchida, Professor Emeritus, pointed out, we also should consider abroader vision for our school motto encompassing history of Canadian Methodism andhistory of Christianity in North America. He wrote "My trial view of our school motto" in
Kwansei Gakuin Research Institute on Christian Education Annual Review, no. 26,
November 1988 [BI/7]: "Our school motto does not exist by itself. I think it is the fruit
11

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuinof the ethos of Canadian Christianity when it was proposed."
By the way, Montreal was the first big city for C. J. L. Bates to live in. He had justgraduated from Vankleek Hill High School, between Montreal and Ottawa. Dr. Armandde Mestral showed me the photographs of Montreal that were taken around 1900. Thenhe escorted me to the campus and pointed out the school buildings that already existed
when C. J. L. Bates studied there. When I stood on the present campus of McGill
University 100 years later, what I saw there was the Nishinomiya-Uegahara campus ofKwansei Gakuin. Dr. Armand de Mestral told me that his grandfather and mother had
often talked about Kwansei Gakuin, and that the K. G. campus reminded him of McGill
University when he first visited Kwansei Gakuin in 1988.
As you know, the Nishinomiya-Uegahara campus of Kwansei Gakuin was designed byWilliam Merrell Vories. C. J. L. Bates and Merrell Vories happened to attend the same
Student Volunteer Movement meeting held at Massey Hall in Toronto in 1902, with5,000 participants getting together from all over North America. As a result ofparticipation in this Movement, C. J. L. Bates, who was studying theology in Montreal,and Merrell Vories, who was studying architecture at Colorado University, both decided
to enter foreign mission work, without knowing about each other. C. J. L. Bates wanted
to go to China and Merrell Vories hoped to go to a place where no missionary wasworking. Both of them were appointed to Japan, where they met each other, andNishinomiya-Uegahara campus was born. C. J. L. Bates, Jr., his second son, wrote an
essay titled "My Childhood Memories of Kwansei Gakuin" for our 90th anniversary in
Crescent, vol. 3 no. 5, September 28, 1979 [A/5]: "I remember well the architecturaldesign as they developed from the technical pen of Dr. Vories and the constructive
advice of Mr. Takenaka, the builder."When C. J. L. Bates came to Japan for the 70th anniversary, he visited Merrell Vories,
who was bedridden. I do not know what conversation carried on by them when thecampus was being planned. However, C. J. L. Bates doubtless had in mind McGill
Campus, where he had spent his most easily influenced years. Mastery for Service
might be one proof of this remembrance.
6. Busts
At Mr. Scott Bates' house in Toronto I saw one of the busts which led me to Canada. As
I mentioned in "4. Diaries," this bust was given to him with other items when Robert
Bates, his grandfather, passed away. Why did Robert Bates possess it?
Actually I had found another important, pertinent document in Japan before leaving for12

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

Canada. It was an essay titled, "The Contribution of Dr. C. J. L. Bates to Royal York Road
United Church, Toronto" [AA/2/BCJL] written by Rev. Bernard Ennals on March 27,
1987. I noticed the last part, where he wrote something about the bust. Royal York
Road United Church in Toronto is the church where C. J. L. Bates had his membership in
his later years. When he passed away in 1963, Rev. Ennals held the funeral as ministerof that church. Rev. Ennals wrote: "The church also has a bronze bust which was at one
time in the possession of the Board of World Missions. It bears the inscription: C. J. L.
Bates, President of Kwansei Gakuin. In commemoration of his twenty-five years
educational work in Kwansei Gakuin. This bronze bust was presented by his Japanese
friends to the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Church of Canada. April 1936,
Osaka, Japan. It also contains the signature C. J. L. Bates, December 14, 1935."
As Teikitsu Kimura wrote in his essay (cf. "I. The Genesis of a Visit"), one of two busts
made by Chishiokai in 1936 was sent on consignment to the Board of Foreign Missionsof the United Church of Canada. I do not know when and why it was moved from theBoard of Foreign Missions to the Royal York Road United Church. However, at least until
1987 it was placed in the Royal York Road United Church. According to Mr. Scott Bates,
Robert Bates desired to have his father's bust in the Royal York Road United Church
when Robert was retired from the long years of work for the United Church of Canada.
The bust which I saw in Toronto is small, about 35 cm in height. The glasses once worn
are missing. The same sentences as Rev. Ennals wrote in his essay were carved on theback. There were also several Japanese words: "Rittai shashin zo hatsumeisha Morioka
Isao saku" that means "Stereographed stature by Isao Morioka, inventor".
To be precise, the reason for my visit was not the bust itself but the photograph of thebust. Why was this photograph with the signature involved in the 70th anniversary
documents? Actually I found the same picture without a signature in the Bates albums
in Montreal. In spite of the signature it has the same sentences as those on the back of
the bust. At the Archives of the United Church of Canada in Toronto I also found thesame picture, without a signature or explanation. On the back of the picture, "Bronze
Bust of Dr. C. J. L. Bates Height 1 foot 2 in." was written. In addition, I found a postcardof this picture in an album that Kiichi Kanzaki, the fifth President (1940-1950), had left.
Four totally different photographs exist.
After I came back from Canada, another bust made in 1936 was found in the reception
room of the Chancellor's Office. It was to be placed in the Bates House. I do not know
when and why it was moved from the Bates House to the Chancellor's Office.
According to Boko Tsushin, News from Old Kwansei, no. 5, October 1950 [CE/7], around-table talk was held on June 17, 1950 in front of the bust at Bates House. However,13

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

in a yearbook of 1967-68 [PA/5-4], this small bust happened to be in a photograph of
Takashi Komiya, the ninth President (1958-1969), that was taken in the President's
Room. It means that the bust had already been moved from Bates House to the present
Chancellor's Office.
Actually there is one more bigger bust and its pedestal at Kwansei Gakuin. They areplaced in Bates Hall in the Christian Center (before the Bates Hall was dedicated in 1965,
they were in the President's Room) and his personal history until 1940 was engraved on
the both backs. A plate that says "presented by Shotaro Ikeda" is attached to thepedestal. Mr. Ikeda is the person who made the two small busts with the Chishiokai
members in 1936 (cf. "I. The Genesis of a Visit"). Since we can see Bates' personal
history until 1940 on the back of the third bust, Mr. Ikeda might have made one morebust for the resignation of C. J. L. Bates in 1940 or for the 70th anniversary in 1959. The
third one is a little bit bigger in size but completely the same design as the two smaller
ones. As we can see a part of the pedestal in a photograph that was kept with the 70th
anniversary documents, the picture itself shows the bigger bust. Anyway, celebrating
the 70th anniversary, one more bust was presented to Kwansei Gakuin, or at least thephotographs of the bust were distributed, I guess.
When C. J. L. Bates left Japan in December, 1940, it seems to have been decided that
Kwansei Gakuin would keep the Bates House as it was. In Kwansei Gakuin Dosokaiho,
Kwansei Gakuin Alumni Bulletin, vol. 4 no. 6, February 20, 1941 [CE/7] this message
was written by President Kiichi Kanzaki: "With the kind acceptance of the Mission Board
we have decided to keep and use the Bates House where Dr. Bates had been living. I
deeply appreciate the cooperation of our alumni. The Bates House will be used by thealumni in the near future." Kazuo Kitoku, the chief secretary of the Alumni Association,says in the same issue: "The responsibility for the management of the Bates House lies
with Kwansei Gakuin, but it will be open to the alumni. Why don't you make time to visit
the alma mater? It must be a great pleasure for us to talk about Dr. Bates and think
about our school days at the Bates House." Later Mr. Gakusaburo Yamakawa, graduateof the Literary College in 1941, who came to know that the Bates House was being used
for the International Center, sent a complaint titled, "Where is the Bates House?" to Boko
Tsushin, News from Old Kwansei, no. 78, autumn 1987 [BE/7]. "After the war, I heardthat the missionary house number one was to be kept as it was used by Dr. Bates, withhousehold goods in place, in order to remember him. However, without explanation tous, the nameplate of the International Center was put on the Bates House and it is being
used for a different purpose. At Doshisha University and Keio University special
attention seems to be paid to the maintenance of their important historical materials.
What do you think of this?" Now the situation is worse. The interior of the Bates House
has been extensively remodeled and is being used as a guest house. I am wondering
14

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

whether there is anything left that looks the way it used to look. Sixty years havealready passed since C. J. L. Bates left Kwansei Gakuin. Did the passage of time cause
this disregard for his house?
7. Family tree
The Canadian history of the Bates family began with the coming to Canada of NathanielBates, C. J. L. Bates' grandfather, from Wexford, Ireland, in the year 1827. He was 16
years of age and accompanied by several brothers and sisters. As I mentioned in "4.
Diaries," Robert Bates, C. J. L. Bates' third son, wrote about this in Newcomers in a New
Land [AA/2/BCJL] in October 1988. This small book was presented by Robert Bates toKwansei Gakuin with other materials when he visited Kwansei Gakuin for the Centennial
Ceremony in 1989.
According to the Foreword, it was in the summer of 1935 when Robert Bates began towrite Newcomers in a New Land. He was in Canada after completing the time at the
Canadian Academy, and asked by his father to return to Japan because his mother had
had a stroke the previous year. His father brought a standard Underwood typewriterfrom his office, they sat in the backyard of the Bates House, and they typed out thefamily history. Forty-two years had passed since that summer. Robert Bates added thestories later and completed the family history by writing about himself.
At Mr. Scott Bates' house there were many materials that were collected by his
grandfather in order to write the family history. They are also important forunderstanding C. J. L. Bates. Concerning these materials, Mr. Scott Bates also kindly
offered to send me the photocopies.
Newcomers in a New Land helps us to draw the Bates family tree. At Kwansei Gakuin
Archives there is a family tree based on this book compiled by Mr. Bryce Bates in
November 1996; he is one of the grandsons of Robert Bates. Now I can add more
information confirmed by my trip to Canada. The family tree is rather large. For thesake of convenience, I want to draw here a limited version of the family tree in which thepeople I mention in this report appear.

15

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

16

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

8. Conversation with the people who knew C. J. L. Bates
On the second evening in Montreal Dr. Armand de Mestral invited Dr. Charles deMestral, his younger brother, and his family, and Dr. and Mrs. David Woodsworth todinner at his house in order to introduce them to me.
Dr. Charles de Mestral often visited C. J. L. Bates' house in Toronto, because he was thena student of the University of Toronto. C. J. L. Bates cooked sukiyaki for him. Actuallysukiyaki was C. J. L. Bates' favorite Japanese food. An interesting episode about C. J. L.
Bates and sukiyaki was left at Kwansei Gakuin. According to the Boko Tsushin, News
from Old Kwansei, no. 31, May 1, 1964 [CE/7], one day the students of the Newspaper
Club invited President Bates and their supervisor for a sukiyaki party. President Bates
was so happy with the sukiyaki and told the students to make it Komon sensei(common sense). Komon sensei means the supervisor in Japanese and it has a very
similar pronunciation to common sense.
Armand and Charles know much about Japan, for they were taken care of by theirmother, who was born and raised in Japan. They told me how they had learned how to
use chopsticks from their mother. According to their explanation, the missionaries'
children lived on campus and went to Canadian Academy so it was hard for them tomake Japanese friends. At the Canadian Academy there was no Japanese class in thosedays. Under such circumstances most of the children could not speak Japanese very
well. However, Lulu, their mother, spoke the best Japanese among the four siblings
because she was born in Tokyo and spent years in Kofu before coming to Kwansei
Gakuin.
Dr. David Woodsworth is the second son of H. F. Woodsworth, our first Dean of the
Department of Literature and Law and is the donor of C. J. L. Bates' academic gown andoil painting. My preoccupation with research on C. J. L. Bates had to this point left little
opportunity to read anything about Dr. Woodsworth's father. I only knew a couple ofthings---that H. F. Woodsworth was a close friend of C. J. L. Bates, that he brushed thetitle in Japanese for Bungakubu Kaiko, The Memoirs of the Literary College, January 1,
1931 [EA], and that In Memoriam Harold Frederick Woodsworth D. D. [S/2/WHF] waswritten after the war by Jugaku Bunsho, former professor of the English Department.
Before dinner I was introduced to Dr. David Woodsworth and was surprised at his firstquestion. He asked me, "Do you know the school motto of Macdonald College?" In fact I
had just learned that it was the same as Kwansei Gakuin's motto when I visited theArchives of McGill University that afternoon. I answered him, "Do you think that C. J. L.
Bates had already known the school motto of Macdonald College when he proposed17

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

Mastery for Service for Kwansei Gakuin?" Dr. Woodswoth told me that C. J. L. Bates had
known and consciously borrowed it.
Dr. Woodsworth, as a professor emeritus, knows much about McGill University. He grew
up on Harada-no-mori, the old campus of Kwanse Gakuin, and Uegahara, its new
campus, as a child of missionary parents. He was close friends with Lulu. Their fathers
were also very close and cooperated to make the important foundations of present-day
Kwansei Gakuin. Dr. Woodsworth told me that Mrs. Newton had been very good to him.
He remembered the day there was great confusion because of Mrs. Bates' stroke. He
thought that C. J. L. Bates had been able to write Japanese only in the Roman alphabet
and said that C. J. L. Bates had always been called Dr. Bates by the children because of
his dignity, though Mrs. Bates had been called "Aunt Hattie."
Dr. Armand de Mestral showed everyone an album and a binder which were presented
to him by me. I had made them using colored photocopies of interesting photos andpapers concerning C. J. L. Bates, which were possessed by Kwansei Gakuin Archives. I
also put the pictures of today's Kwansei Gakuin with some English explanations. I chosean old photograph titled, "The Canadian Methodist Missionaries (1922)" from Kwansei
Gakuin no Hyakunen, Centenary History: I shall be constantly watching 1889-1989,
November 1, 1989. Dr. Woodsworth said he liked it, and pointed out the youngest boy
in the picture: "This is me." He added that he could identify all the people in the picture
if it were enlarged. Fruitful conversation continued about other photographs anddocuments.
According to Dr. Woodsworth, his brother and sisters had possessed many objects
concerning their father, but all of them had been distributed among their families. He
regretted this and told me that he should have kept them for people in Japan. He asked
me to look into his father's life and work, and at last smiled at me with a couple ofJapanese words, "Mata kite ne (come again)."

III. Other Materials
1. At Mount Allison University
Following a two hour airplane trip from Toronto to Moncton, New Brunswick, I was
welcomed by Dr. Peter Ennals, Vice President Academic and Research, Mount Allison
University that is located in Sackville, half an hour drive from Moncton. Dr. Ennals had
been a Visiting Professor at Kwansei Gakuin University and, when contacted by
Chancellor Ichiro Yamauchi concerning my proposed visit, he and his wife agreed to act
as my hosts. Mrs. Cheryl Ennals serves as the University Archivist and she introduced18

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

me to the holdings and operations of the University Archives.
As H. W. Outerbridge, the seventh President of Kwansei Gakuin (1954-1956), was a
graduate of Mount Allison, it was valuable to examine some of the records createdduring the years in which he attended. While specific records related to Outerbridge arelimited, and most had been identified and copied for Prof. Nobuo Kobayashi andChancellor Ichiro Yamauchi when they visited in 1989, some additional sources of
information were examined. One source of particular interest was Allisonia, apublication of the Mount Allison Ladies' College. It contains a great deal of informationon alumni including addresses, birth, marriage, and death notices; letters frommissionaries and information on student clubs and activities. It reflects campus life
during the time in which both Dr. and Mrs. Outerbridge were students at Mount Allison.
The University Archives has prepared a detailed index for this publication which
provides easy access by surname and some subjects. Unfortunately time did not permit
any in-depth research using this source. Archival photographs of H. W. Outerbridge
show that he was a handsome young man, but he was also a serious student. This is
documented by his M. A. thesis, The Evolution of Monotheism, 1909, a photocopy ofwhich was bound and donated by Mount Allison to the Kwansei Gakuin Archives
following my visit.
During my visit I spent a good deal of time with Mrs. Ennals discussing the archives
profession in Canada and the current policies and procedures of the Mount Allison
University Archives. Although Mount Allison traces its roots back to 1839, the Archives
was only formally established in 1969-70. It is currently administered as a part of the
Library and is staffed by one Archivist (half-time, 12 months per year) and one Archives
Assistant (fulltime, 8 months per year). Fortunately the Archives has been successful inacquiring small grants for short-term project to arrange and describe some of thebacklog of unprocessed archival records. This is accomplished through the CanadianCouncil of Archives Control of Holding Program, a federally sponsored program whichis administered through Provincial councils of archives.
The mission of the Archives is to acquire, preserve, describe and make available theinactive records of Mount Allison which are of administrative, legal and research value.
Access to these records is through finding aids produced by the Archives such as thecatalogue, inventories, indexes and guides. Recently Canadian archivists havedeveloped and implemented detailed Rules for Archival Description (RAD) which set
the standard for all archives in Canada.
An additional finding aid which is very useful is a surname index to members of theFaculty and Administration which has been compiled from University calendars and is19

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

updated annually. Several record series and publications have been microfilmed forpreservation purposes. These include Board of Regents and Senate minutes ofmeetings, President's annual reports, Convocation programs, calendars (course
descriptions), and the student newspaper.
The main archival users are the University administration, faculty, and students.
However, visiting researchers from other universities, the media, and the local
community make up approximately one third of the users. In the course of a year theArchives receives approximately 350 researchers in person and 600 inquiries bytelephone, mail, email, and fax.
I would like to thank Mrs. Ennals for her assistance and the information which she
provided on archival theory and procedures.
The experience at Mount Allison University provided me with a strong foundation for
the rest of my trip. I was intrigued to learn of the strength of the Canadian connection
and the links between people I encountered. For example, Dr. Ennals showed me aphotograph of his own days as an undergraduate living in residence at Victoria College,
University of Toronto. One of his fellow residents was Dr. Charles de Mestral, whom I
would later meet in Montreal. Moreover, Dr. Ennals' father is Rev. Bernard Ennals, who
conducted the funeral service of C. J. L. Bates. I also learned that as a young boy Dr.
Ennals had lived in New Westminster, British Columbia, where Dr. Ralph Outerbrige, sonof H. W. Outerbrige practiced medicine. The latter appeared in the newspaper andtelevision program in 1988 because he returned the sword of Shoin Yoshida to Hagi. Dr.
Ennals explained that he was surprised to learn of these connections when he first
visited Kwansei Gakuin in 1986-87. These individual connections serve to reinforce thedepth of the Canadian connection.
2. At Maritime Conference, the United Church of Canada
Prof. Nobuo Kobayashi had told me that in the past each Church district had publisheda periodical. I thought that I might be able to find some articles written by H. W.
Outerbridge if I could find a publication by the Maritime Conference. I have not yet readso much written by him because of having spent only one year at the Archives, but I
noticed that he had written something interesting in unofficial papers. Fortunately the
Maritime Conference Archives recently moved from Halifax to Sackville. I visited there
in expectation of finding something written and sent by him from Japan.
However, C. J. L. Bates was coming into my eyes as soon as I entered the office. To be
precise, I saw his face included in a large photograph on the wall. The photograph titled20

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin"The First Maritime Conference in Sackville, September 1 to 4, 1925" included C. J. L.
Bates with more than 100 other missionaries. He was unidentified as he was not a partof the Maritime Conference but had attended as a guest. To verify his attendance, I
checked the United Church of Canada, Minutes of the First Maritime Conference and his
name was listed in the seventh session, "Foreign Mission," September 3, 1925.
Unfortunately I was unable to locate the details of his address.
C. J. L. Bates was in Canada on his furlough from May 20, 1925, to February 20, 1926,
and visited Sackville at the beginning of September. In the same month, 74 years later,
I visited Sackville, recognized his face, and his name was added. This is one of the few
cases in which I, always being given materials and information in Canada, could offer
something myself.
By the way, The United Churchman was published by the Maritime Conference. This
title is no longer published as in the 1970s several district publications wereconsolidated. There is no index to the United Churchman, however, Ms. Judith Colwell,current Archivist, was able to locate a few articles by H. W. Outerbrige which had been
identified by the former Archivist, Ms. Carolyn Earle. These items concerned thesituation in Japan before the war and unemployment issues in Japan. I am sure that we
can find articles by other missionaries in their local publications.
3. The United Church of Canada and Mrs. Gwen Norman
Dr. Armand de Mestral recommended that I visit the United Church of Canada Archives
which is combined with Victoria University Archives at the University of Toronto. Before
leaving Japan I visited their website and found the following interesting statement,"Welcome to the Archives! ... Why does Victoria University have a special relationshipwith Kwansei Gakuin University in Japan? The answers to these questions and many
more are in the Archives!" That suggested it has many materials concerning Kwansei
Gakuin. Actually, photocopies of many documents have already been brought back to
Kwansei Gakuin by Prof. Nobuo Kobayashi and Chancellor Ichiro Yamauchi. I would
rather like to see how the enormous number of materials is cataloged and kept and how
I can access them, rather than find and obtain something new.
However, before I undertook this research visit, I was fortunate to be able to meet with
Mrs. Gwen Norman, the wife of Dr. Howard Norman who had served as professor in the
School of Humanities and the School of Theology, Kwansei Gakuin University from 1947
to 1959. Mrs. Norman had compiled a catalogue of Asian mission material, including
work related to Japan. Also, following their return to Canada, she and her husband had
researched United Church documents and in 1981 published a book titled One
21

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

Hundred Years in Japan 1873-1973. After reading this book, I very much wanted tomeet Mrs. Norman and when contacted by mail, she responded with a letter saying "Ifthere is any way I can help you, I shall be glad to do so but I must add that I approach
my 90th birthday. I don't have very much energy and I do have to watch that I do not tire
myself unduly." On September 30, I arrived in Toronto by train from Montreal andrushed by taxi to the nursing home where she was living. Mrs. Norman was surroundedby souvenirs from Japan and very kindly made Japanese tea for me.
Dr. and Mrs. Norman, who had been in Japan since 1932, left by ship with Dr. and Mrs.
Bates in December 1940. She wrote an article on their departure and the impressive
farewell scene from the port of Kobe in The United Church Observer, February 1, 1941.
As a close friend of C. J. L. Bates and his family, Mrs. Norman was able to answer myquestions regarding him. I remembered that she had graduated from McGill University
in Montreal and so asked her about "Mastery for Service," but she was not aware of the
Macdonald College school motto. While Mrs. Norman is very familiar with the materials
related to Asian missions at the United Church Archives, she was unaware of thepersonal items related to C. J. L. Bates that I had been shown in Montreal. She declared
to me, "Everything should be eventually kept at the Archives of the United Church of
Canada."On the day following my meeting with Mrs. Norman, I visited the United Church
Archives and found her name everywhere. Using the electronic catalogue the staff
retrieved "Finding Aid 74, United Church of Canada, Board of World Mission, Japan
Mission, 83.014c, Prepared by Mrs. Gwen Norman, Edited 1990." The details of eachletter were summarized by her. If the Bates materials are described carefully like thisand entered into a computer catalogue, they could be used by researchers from all over
the world. Looking at the finding aid I understood what excellent work Mrs. Norman
had carried out and how full of treasures this Archives was. When I registered at thisArchives, I was asked by staff how many days I would be visiting for research purposes.
Researchers, it seems, cannot do anything but be overwhelmed by the amount of thematerials if they have only a half day or even a full day.
Once more, thanks to knowledge gained in my work, I was able to provide some
information to a Canadian archives. Checking a brief description of C. J. L. Bates' careeron the Archives computer, I noted an incorrect date for his service as President ofKwansei Gakuin. Something very obvious from the Kwansei Gakuin side might bedifficult to confirm from the Canadian side. This once again demonstrates that theexchange and sharing of information is very important and sometimes only happens
when actual contact is made between individuals.

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Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

IV. In Conclusion
Several people in Canada extended especially warm hospitality. I do not know how to
express my appreciation to Dr. Armand de Mestral for his kindness and consideration.
When I left Mr. Scott Bates' house in Toronto, he told me that Armand must be one of
the busiest professors in Canada. He has a demanding lecture schedule as a law
professor and must frequently travel in Canada and Switzerland as he is also Presidentof the Red Cross. He listened patiently to my poor English, invited me to stay in his
house, introduced me to many people, met me at the airport, and even checked thetrain schedule and took me to the train station. He told me that his grandfather had told
him much about Japan and he had always wanted to do something for Kwansei Gakuin.
I think that C. J. L. Bates must have had a special affection for this son of his only
daughter.
In the article "Kwansei Gakuin and the Canadian Connection: An Historical Reflection ona Unique Relationship," Kwansei Gakuin University Annual Studies, vol. 37, December
1988 [KA/7], Dr. Stephen Kenny, Visiting Professor of Canadian Studies in 1987-88,
wrote: "Kwansei Gakuin has a long relationship with Canadians and Canada. The
purpose of this article is to investigate this association, to discuss the nature of thecontribution of the Canadians and to reflect on the historical significance of theirimportant educational work at the university. The history of Kwansei Gakuin isessentially one of the development of a Japanese school. Its administrators, professors,
students, and alumni are Japanese. The participation of Canadians, while important in
the early years, diminished and has nearly disappeared. Today, traces of their presence
remain but Canadians are no longer an important component of the school. The
contemporary reality of Kwansei Gakuin presents this historian with real difficulties. Put
bluntly, understanding of the major Japanese development of the university is
inaccessible to me since my knowledge of the Japanese language is non-existent.
Consequently, the following material should be read as an historical discussion of asmall part of a much larger reality."
In short, even though most of Kwansei Gakuin's official records were written in English
before the war, an understanding of the institution's Japanese documentation isessential in order to fully interpret the institution's history. For Kwansei Gakuin is aJapanese institution, it is located in Japan and most of the people associated with thisinstitution are Japanese. As few Canadians have Japanese language facility and many
that I met expressed interest in essays on C. J. L. Bates and information from ourCentenary History, I decided to prepare this report in both, Japanese and English withthe hope that it might spark the exchange of further information and research between
our countries.
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Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

This trip to Canada was my first research investigation of this type and I have some
regrets: I forgot to take that picture; I missed seeing this; I should have donesuch-and-such; I should have done it this way, etc. As I am not a history graduate andhave little experience handling historical materials. Also the visits at each stop werevery short and language translation added to the time needed to carry out research andconverse effectively. However, I believe that it was an important learning experience totravel to Canada, learn about its research resources and experience its culture
first-hand.
Looking back, it was in 1993 that I first visited Toronto as a leader of the student
Summer English Program. When I was speaking with the staff at the University ofToronto, a professor overheard "Kwansei Gakuin" in our conversation and spoke to me.
"Are you from Kwansei Gakuin in Nishinomiya? Kwansei Gakuin was originally located inHarada-no-mori when W. R. Lambuth, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, founded it in
1889. The Methodist Church in Canada joined in the work of Kwansei Gakuin in 1910.
You had two Canadian Presidents, C. J. L. Bates and H. W. Outerbridge and ...." He wasdelighted in my astonishment, telling me one fact after another and leaving.
Later I was to learn that he was a Divinity professor who had specialized in the study of
the Canadian foreign missions. Regrettably I have forgotten his name, but he made astrong impression on me. He caused me to begin to think about the history of Kwansei
Gakuin, an institution I had worked for since graduation with little thought of its richheritage. Several years passed and now I have had an opportunity to meet many people
whose names or interests are associated C. J. L. Bates, one of the names mentioned bythis professor. I wish that I could meet him again and surprise him with my new-foundknowledge of Kwansei Gakuin and its Canadian connections. Of course, there is much
more to discover and learn.
**************************************************************
I wish to thank the following people who kindly helped me to complete
my English report. Dr. Judith Newton, Professor of the School of
Humanities, Kwansei Gakuin University, has always encouraged me towrite and became its first reader in order to correct my English and to
give me many suggestions. Mrs. Cheryl Ennals, University Archivist,
Mount Allison University, read my report carefully and improved theacademic tone of the writing, using archival phrases. Dr. David
Woodsworth, Professor Emeritus, McGill University, pointed out somemisinterpretations and corrected several sentences. Mr. Michael
24

Yuko Ikeda, A Report of My visit to Canada,a trip concerning C. J. L. Bates, the fourth president of Kwansei Gakuin

Quigley, Office of International Programs, Kwansei Gakuin University,
checked my grammar and usage.

[References]
Quotations are indicated in sentences within the text. Following is a list of reference
books that are not cited. Classification numbers are put in brackets for books ormaterials that are registered at Kwansei Gakuin Archives. However, classification
numbers for the books on the history of Kwansei Gakuin are omitted.
Kwansei Gakuin Hyakunenshi (Centenary History). 1994 - 1998
Kwansei Gakuin Shichijunenshi (Seventy Years History). 1959
Kwansei Gakuin Nenji Hokoku (Annual Report)[AD/7]
William Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi, Shippaisha no Jijoden. Omihachiman: Omi
Kyodaisha, 1970 [Z/2-8/VWM]
Rainichi Methodist Senkyoshi Jiten 1873-1993: A Biographical Dictionary of
Methodist Missionaires to Japan: 1973-1993. Tokyo: Kyobun kwan, 1996
Shin Nihon Chimei Sakuin. Kamakura: Apokkusha Shuppankyoku, 1993
Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1987
The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2nd ed. Edmonton: Hurtig Pub., 1988.
American Universities and Colleges, 15th ed. New York, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter,1997＊当報告書（日本語版）は、「カナダ訪問記－C. J. L. ベーツ第4代院長関係資料調査の旅－」 と題して『関西学院史紀要』第6号（2000年4月20日発行）に掲載。

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