The Operation Status of HIRFL
Commissioning of HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ion Research Facility, Cooler Storage Rings)

Jiancheng Yang
Institute of Modern Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences

April 12-16, 2010, WAO2010,Daejeon, Korea
1yangjch@impcas.ac.cn

Outline
1. Brief Introduction to HIRFL
2. HIRFL Cyclotron Status and Operation
3. HIRFL-CSR and Its Commissioning

4. Near Future Developments of HIRFL

2

Heavy Ion Research Facility, Lanzhou,China

3

HIRFL Layout• ECR Ion Source

9.4 Tm
500AMevU92+• SFC K=70--10AMev• SSC K=450 –100AMev
10AMev

12.1 Tm1100AMev 12C
500AMev U72+

• CSRm Quasi-synchrotron
Intensity: 108-9 pps，
Circumference: 161 m
 CSRe: Accel. & Deccel.
Intensity: 1014 pps
Circumference: 128 m
RIB, internal target
High Resolution Spectrometer

100AMev• CSR budget:42 M$; 2000-20074

1. HIRFL Cyclotron Status and Operation
HIRFL LAYOUT

SFC

ECR

ECR

SFC K=70 (1963-)

SSC k=450 (1988-)
5 Experiments at HIRFL
North
SFC: H.I. up to 10 MeV/u
Building 2#

SSC

SFC

Building 6#2
1up to10 AMeV
• SFC:
AtomicPhysics:
Highly charged ionsinteracting
with100
surfaces;…
SSC: up toAMeV• Material Science: functionalmaterials;…

• Nuclear Physics: super-heavy nuclei;
drip-line nuclei; CSRe
-spectroscopy of high spinstate; nuclear chemistry; …

345SSC: H.I. up to 100 MeV/u• Atomic Physics:• Material Science: functional materials; nano-wires & nanotubes; … CSRm
• Radio-biology: H.I. interacting& cancer12C6+),therapy;
CSRm:with
1.1cells
AGeV(
2.8 GeV(p)mutagenic effects of H.I. irradiation for breeding;…
CSRe: 0.76 AGeV (12C6+)• Nuclear Physics: RIB physics; nuclear astrophysics;…

6 HIRFL operation status 2006-2008
Typical HIRFL operation time distribution in 2006-2008
Operation time distribution

Time (h)Percentage

Total operation time

7000

100%

Beam time

5500

78.5%

Preparation of beams

800-600

11.5%-8.7%

Failure700-900

10%-13%

Typical HIRFL beam time distribution in 2006-2008

Beam time distribution

Time (h)Percentage

5500

100%

Beams for nuclear physics,
material science,biophysics,…

3300-3850

60-70%

Beams for CSR commissining andaccelerator machine study

2200-1650

40-30%

Total beam time7 HIRFL operation status 2006-2008
SFCSSCBeam
Intensity(eµ A)

129Xe27+

3.0╱

5.0-6.0

208Pb27+1.1╱

0.8-1.0

40Ca12+5.8/

1.0

20Ne7+

7.2

╱

10-12

12C4+

7.0

╱

10-15

26Mg8+

6.54/

2.0

16O6+

7.99/

6-12

40Ar8+

2.35

╱

6-15

78Kr19+4.0

238U26+

0.81/

0.33

12C 4+/6+

7.0

80.5

0.2-0.5

12C 5+/6+

8.2

100

0.2-0.3

32S11+/16+

7.1

82

0.2-0.3

26Mg8+/12+

6.17

70

0.3-0.4

40Ar12+/17+

7.1

82

0.1-0.3

40Ar8+/15+

2.35

25

0.8-1.5

22Ne7+/10+

6.17

70

0.2-0.5

58Ni13+/22+

4.5

50

0.1-0.2

129Xe27+

1.8

19.5

0.6-0.75

36Ar8+

2.07

22

2.5-3.5 8

Ion Beams

Typical beams
provided bySFC and SSC
in recent years

E (MeV/A)

7-9

 Improvement of SFC
 Intense beams from ECR ion source; Upgraded of the axial injection
beam line to improve injection efficiency; Built a new SFC vacuum
chamber; Improved SFC RF Dee voltage; Power supply and control
system upgrading; Optimized tuning.
 Beam intensities have been enhanced by a factor 2-10 for light ionssuch as C, O, Ne, Ar >10 eμA.

Beam intensity

C6-7 Mev/uO
6-8 Mev/u

Ne
6-8 Mev/u

Ar
2-3 MeV/u

Xe
2-3 MeV/uBefore 2004

5 eµA

5.5 eµA

3.7 eµA

3.2 eµA

0.54 eµA

2004－2008

10-15 eµA

6-12 eµA

10-12eµA

10-15 eµA

5-6eµASFC

 Some metallic ion beams were delivered, such as 26Mg, 40Ca, 56Fe,58Ni,208Pb, 238U

 Some highly charged very heavy ions were provided such as 129Xe27+,
208Pb27+, 209Bi31+ ,238U26+
9 Improvement of SSC
 Intense beams from SFC; Operation of the rebuncher NB1 to improve
injection efficiency; Successfully optimization of isochronous magnetic field;
Improved SSC RF Dee voltage; SSC vacuum improvement; Power supply,control system and diagnostics upgrading; Optimized tuning.
 SSC beam intensities have been increased by a factor 3-50

Beam intensity

C80 MeV/u

Ne70 Mev/u

Ar
22－25MeV/u

Xe
19.5 MeV/u

Before 2004

0.3 eµA

0.15 eµA

0.15 eµA

0.015 eµA

2004－2008

0.3- 0.5 eµA

0.3-0.5 eµA

2.5-3.5 eµA

0.6-0.75 eµASSC The 209Bi31+ was accelerated to 9.5MeV/u successfully. The next heavyion scheduled to test is 238U.

 But SSC beam intensity with higher energy(>26MeV/u) is still very low,and very heavy ion beams (such as U) have not been tested.
10 HIRFL-CSR operation status-2009
The typical beam provided by HIRFL-CSRin 2009
Beam
1
2*
3
4
5*
6
7*
8*
9
10
1112*
13
14*
15
16

12C4+

129Xe20+
78Kr19+/28+

86Kr17+/26+
12C5+/6+
13C5+/6+
209Bi31+
16O6+/8+
19F7+
40Ca12+
36Ar8+/8+
58Ni19+/24+
58Ni15+/24+
20Ne7+/10+
9Be3+/4+
40Ar8+/15+

Energy (MeV/u)
SFC
SSC
CSR
7.0
╱
150~300
1.67
╱
╱
4
╱
205~450
2.35
25
╱
7.34
85
╱
8.47
100
╱
0.91
9.5
╱
7.72
90
╱
6.6
╱
╱
5.8
╱
╱
2.07
22
╱
6.59
75.3
╱
4.53
50
╱
7.4
85.75
╱
6.89
2.353
25
╱

HIRFL-CSR operation status of 200911

2. HIRFL-CSR and its Commissioning
1998
Approved
2000-2005 Construction
2006-2007 Commissioning
2008
Operation

K=450
C: 100MeV/u
SSC

K=69
C: 10MeV/u

PDC

SFC

9.4 TmT1(128m)

TR1500MeV/u—U92+

TL1

TL2

RIBLL2TR2

TR4TR3TR5

RIBLL112 Tm (161m)
PT

1GeV/u—C6+
2.8Gev--p
12Pre-accelerator system of CSR
SFC
C-10MeV/u
U-1 MeV/uSuperconducting ECR
18GHz

K=69, R ~0.75 m

A< 40

SSC
C-100MeV/u
U-10 MeV/u

K=450, R ~3.203 m

CSRm
A≥ 40
13SSC

K=450
C: 100MeV/u

K=69
C: 10MeV/uPDC

HIRFL-CSR LAYOUT

SFC

9.4 Tm
T1

120 GeV—U92+

TR1

TL1

TL2

RIBLL2

TR2●TR4TR312 Tm

TR5

RIBLL112 GeV—C6+
120 Gev—U72+PT●Cancer
Therapy14Experiments at CSR

SSC

Building 2#

SFC① ETF  External Target Facility② CSRe  Experimental Ring
③ PISA  Proton-Induced Spallation Apparatus

CSRe②Building 6#①③⑤CSRm④④ HPLUS  Hadron Physics LanzhoU
Spectrometer (planned)⑤ Tumour Therapy with Heavy Ions

15

CSRm
Accumulator
CoolerSynchrotron
Fast extraction
Slow extraction
External target
Internal target
12 Tm
12GeV—C6+, 120GeV—U72+16

Twiss Parameters of CSRm

17layout

Storage ringInternal target
Mass spectroscopy
Deceleration
9.4 Tm120GeV—U92+18

Three Lattice Mode of CSRe
Internal-Target Mode

Small -amplitude in target point
Large transverse acceptance for internal-target experiments
Ah=150mm mrad, Av=75mm mrad

19

Three Lattice Mode of CSRe
Normal Mode
Large momentum acceptance, ΔP/P = 2.6%
For high-precision mass spectroscopy

20

Three Lattice Mode of CSRe
Isochronous Mode

Small transition tr = Beam energy  of several
hundred MeV/u
For the mass measurement of the short-life-time RIB

21

CSR major parameters (1)CSRmCSRe

Circumference (m)161.0014

128.8011

Average radius (m)8RSSC=34RSFC=25.62416

4/5RCSRm=20.499328

Geometry

Race-track

Race-track

2800 (p)1100 (C6+)
500 (U72+)

2000 (p)750 (C6+)500 (U92+)

B (Tm)0.81/12.05

0.50/9.40

B(T)0.10/1.60

0.08/1.60

Ramping rate (T/s)

0.05 ~ 0.4-0.1 ~ -0.2

Repeating circle (s)~17 (~10s for Accumulation )AcceptanceFast-extraction mode

Normal modeA h ( mm-mrad)

200 (p/p = 0.3 %)

150 (p/p =0.5%)

A v ( mm-mrad)

4075

p/p (%)

1.42.6Max. energy (MeV/u)(h= 50  mm-mrad)(h= 10  mm-mrad)

22

CSR major parameters (2)CSRmCSReElectron energy (KeV)35300

Eff. cooling length (m)

3.4

3.4

E-cooler

RF system
Harmonic numberAccel.

Accum.

116, 32,64

Deceleration
1

fmin/fmax (MHz)0.24/1.81 6.0 / 14.0

0.4 / 2.0

Voltages (n  kV)

1  7.0

2  10.0

Vacuum (mbar)

1  20.0(3.0  10-11)
23

between CSRm and CSRe

Double Separator

PF mothod

Projectile Fragmentation

P/P =± 1% , Emittance = 25 mm-mrad

24

CSR Operation Scheme25CSRm Injection Scheme
C, N, O, F, Ne, Ar, Ca, A<40, E = 7---10 MeV/u

SFC + CSRm
Stripping Injection + E-cooling →→ I=108~9Ar, Kr, Xe, Ta, Au, Pu, U, A ≥ 40, E = 10---25 MeV/u

SFC + SSC + CSRm
Multiple Multi-turn Injection + E-cooling →→ I=107~826

Scheme of the stripping injection in CSRm

2006.01

ECR

C4+- 7 MeV/u

Stripper

C6+C4+27

Bump section for CSRm stripping injection
20s
Bump-PS 3200A
1600V

2006.01

2900A, 8600G

28

Signals of beam + bump + RF for stripping injection
PS of bumps, dipoles and quadruples were controlled by the new DSP
2006.04/20
RF Voltage

Bumping

Beam15ms
29

7MeV/u→12GeV (C6+) STI + Ramping in CSRm
Mode: SFC+CSRm, STI, H = 2→1, frf = 0.45→1.63MHz, G = 11.3Tm

06/10/24 05:19

Synchrotron

1mA

H= 2→16x108

ηramping > 90%

30

2006.12

e-coolerfor ion coolingmagnet field at EX-35 cooler
800-5

4.0x10-5

150

200

250

300

350

BVertical / BLongitudinal

By (Gs)

Bs6j
By 6j
0Bx6j

400-5

2.0x10-5

1.0x10450500

550

BT/BL< 5×-5-5-2.0x10-5-5-1.0x10

0.00.0-5

1.0x10-5-5

2.0x10-5-1.0x10-2.0x10

400
C6 j  0s (cm)

600

800

500

550

Longitudinal position in cooling solenoid Z / cm

600
-5-5.0x10-2.0x101.0x10-1.0x10-5-5-5-5

0.0

0.0-5

1.0x10-5-5

2.0x10-5-5

3.0x10-5-5

4.0x10-5

5.0x10600-5-1.0x10-2.0x105.0x10
600

450

550

-5-4.0x10

400

500

-5-53504502.0x10-5300

400-3.0x104.0x10250

350

3.0x10-5200

300-4.0x10-3.0x10150250-5-5100

200-5

3.0x10-5.0x10150

4.0x10-5-5200-510-5-3.0x10-4.0x100

5.0x10-5-3.0x10

800

100

600
-5-5.0x10-4.0x10400
3.0x10400

BHorizontal / BLongitudinal

100

5.0x10-5-5.0x10

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

31450

500

550

Longitudinal position in cooling solenoid Z / cm

e-cooling effect

06/12/27 08:15

C6+-7MeV/u , observed the longitudinal schottky signal from spectrum analyzer

ΔP/P
410-3210-432

Beam Accumulation with e-cooing in CSRm
Iinj=10.2A, Beam current: 3.2mA, 1.61010, 8min., Gain=300

06/12/29 5:00

300

8 min

33

Scheme of the MMI for Ar-beam in CSRm

07/04/24

36Ar8+- 2 MeV/u

ECR

36Ar8+- 22 MeV/u

Ar8+

Ar18+

MMI-36Ar18+

Stripper34

Bump section for CSRm Multi-turn injection
20007.03

Bump-PS

Orbits of the Multiple Multi-turn Injection

0.1mm

Septum (Wolfram silk)

L=2m
Vmax.= 160 kV
Gap=23mm
Static-electric septum

35

MMI for Ar-beam in CSRm with e-cooling
SSC-Ar-22MeV/u, Iinj.~ 2uA, DCCT~180uA, Period=2min., Gain ~90

07/04/25 06:00

180uA

36

MMI + Ramping (36Ar18+--22~368MeV/u) in CSRm
Final record: 1.2mA, 4108

07/12/10 00:08

Double Cyclotrons+Cooler-ring Synchrotron

37

MMI + Ramping (129Xe27+-30GeV) in CSRm
Mode: SFC+CSRm, 1108, η=83%

07/06/25 07:20

129Xe27+:38

Fast extraction section of CSRm

07/08

MS2: 2900A, 4300Gs
MS2: 2900A, 12800

Imax. = 2700A
Vmax.= 60 kVRising time: 150ns

39

07.8.4

Fast-extraction from CSRm

30FC1

Success
PT

30VS240

Multi-time Injection for CSRe 1st Commissioning
Mode: SFC+CSRm+CSRe, STI, 12C6+-8GeV

07/10/23 12:18

6+
C :

41

HIRFL-CSR Commissioning Scheme for Ar-beam

36Ar8+- 22 MeV/u

SSC

Mode:

PDC

SFC
36Ar8+- 2 MeV/u

K=450

K=69

T1

CSRe
36Ar18+-368MeV/u

TR1

TL1

TL2

Stripper

ECR

Ar8+

TR2

e-cooling

RIBLL2

Ar18+

TR4
TR3

TR5

RIBLL1

CSRm
36Ar18+-368MeV/uPT

MMI-36Ar18+
42 2007/12

SFC

ToF
CSRe
Iso-mode

T1

Secondary Beam
RIBLL2

Test
CSRm
36Ar18+-368MeV/uPTPTCircular Mass-Spectrometerfor Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs)
2007.1243

2007.12.07

Mass Measurement of RIBs in CSRe
Isochronous Mode:  = tr = 1.395 , ToF
df rev
11 dP 1 d (m / q)( 2  2) 2
f rev
t P t m/ q-5∆M/M~1044

Slow extraction of 1/3 Resonance in CSRm

2008.01.10

MS2: 2900A, 4300Gs
MS2: 2900A, 12800

45

124+
Slow extraction for C -300MeV/u in CSRm

From Scintillation Crystal Monitor

2008.05.21 03:31

46

Energy conversion between cycles
in slow extraction of CSRm
From Scintillation Crystal Monitor

2008.10.15 03:31

47

Deep site cancer therapy measurement

48SFCToF

Experiments
CSRe
Iso-mode

T1

Secondary Beam
RIBLL2

CSRm
78Kr28+447.8MeV/u
451.1MeV/u
458.4MeV/u
481.9MeV/u

PTPT

Mass Measurements
for Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs)
2008.6-2009.1

49

Experiments for RIBs spectroscopy
CSRm, 78Kr28+, 0.35mA, 7107

CSRm, 78Kr28+, 0.6mA, 1108

08/07/17

09/01/15

MMI + e-cooling

MMI + e-coolingSingle particle signal at ToF target
with isochronous mode in CSRe

RIBs signal spectrum at ToF target
During the experiment50

The first instance of measuring the mass of short-life nuclides near
the proton drip line at the level of 100ms. The aimed target nuclei are
63Ge(Germanium)、 65As(Arsenic)、67Se(Selenium). It is important forscientists to understand the mass of these nuclides, as it will help
scientists to estimate the nuclear reactions of celestial bodies’rp ,andrichness distribution of the elements in the cosmos.

10.07–10.24 nuclides
Ge63

As65

Se67

Kr71

Total372

52

126

21571

51

Commissioning of CSRe E-cooler
C6+-200MeV/u , 100uAΔP/P: 910-4 →7.510-5April 20, 200952

: CSR Beam Status
Ion： 12C6 +， 36Ar18+ ， 78Kr28+ ， 129Xe27+

Energy: 1GeV/u for C & Ar in CSRm
Intensity: 10mA (7109) for C-600MeV/u in CSRm
1.2mA (4108) for Ar-368MeV/u in CSRm
0.35mA (7107) for Kr-205MeV/u in CSRm
0.5mA (1108) for Xe-235MeV/u in CSRm
15mA (8109) for C-660MeV/u in CSRe

Slow-extraction: 1.2s for Ar-368MeV/u, 3s for C-300MeV/u

For external-target experiments & cancer therapy.

Experiment: RIBs from RIBLL2, isochronous mode in CSRe , ∆M/M~10-553

3.Near-future Development of HIRFL
What is the most important for HIRFL near future:●Increase beam intensity from SSC● Increase injected beam intensity for CSR.

Three options depending on financial support● Upgrade existing cyclotron system;● Build a low energy fixed frequency linac as a newSSCinjector instead of SFC;
● Build an intense heavy ion linac as a new injectorfor CSR54

Upgrade Existing Cyclotrons

SFCNew buncher to improve bunching voltage;
50-60 kV high voltage platform to increase injection energy;
SFC isochronous field optimization;
A new electrostatic deflector.

SSC


Detailed studies about injection and extraction
Modify the beam line between SFC and SSC;
A new amplifier and control system for SSC rf;
Solve problems related to 50% match and over-triming field.

55

Build a low energy fixed frequency linac
as a new SSC injector
SFC

Items

value

Frequency

51.2 MHz

Mass to charge ratio≦7ECRIS extraction voltage

50 kVECRIS extraction emitance(nomalized)

0.6

RFQ type4-rod

DTL typeIH

Extraction energy of stage1

0.6 MeV

Extraction energy of stage2

1.0 MeVOperation modecw

SSC-Linac

SSC

Expected Beam Intensity from Linc+SSC:
For Ca,Ni,Zn, 6MeV/u, 1-1.5 pA, increased by a factor 2-3 compared to SFC;For Kr, Xe, Pb, U, 10MeV/u, 0.5-1pA, increased by a factor 10 compared toSFC+SSC
56

SSC-Linac
ECRRFQ
DTL
0.6 MeV/u

RFQ

1.0 MeV/u

DTL57

Build an intense heavy ion linac as a new injector for CSR58

Option 1: Normal Conductor Linac
10MeV/u, A/Q 3-8.5, puled beam,
10-30% duty factor, 0.5-2 emAOption 2: Superconducting Linac
10MeV/u, A/Q 8.5,RFQ
57.5MHzECR Ion Source 238U28+

QWR
57.5MHz, 115MHz

59

Thanks !

60