ࠕEU ➇தἲࡢබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐺⏝࡜ EU̺ຍ┕ᅜ㛫ࡢᶒ㝈㛵ಀࠖ
2013 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 27 ᪥៞᠕ EU ◊✲఍ᶓ὾ᅜ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲㝔 㟷ᰗ⏤㤶ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸦㸯㸧ၥ㢟ࡢᡤᅾ࣭ බ┈஦ᴗ㸸ఏ⤫ⓗ࡟ࡣ஦ᴗἲ࡟ࡼࡿつไ࣭ බ┈஦ᴗࡢ⮬⏤໬࡞࠸ࡋつไ⦆࿴Ѝ➇தἲࡢ㐺⏝ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➇த⛛ᗎࡢ⥔ᣢࡢせㄳЌ࣭ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊබ┈஦ᴗࡢ㐠Ⴀ࡛ࡣࠊ➇தไ㝈ⓗ࡞ᡭẁࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚බ┈ࡢᥦ౪ࠋ࣭ බ┈஦ᴗ࡟ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ␗࡞ࡿ౯್
¾⤒῭ⓗຠ⋡ᛶ࡟ࡶ࡜࡙ࡃ㐠Ⴀ㸦㸻➇தࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸧¾

Ᏻᐃᛶ࣭⥅⥆ᛶࠊ୙᥇⟬ᆅᇦ࡛ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ౪⤥➼ࡢබ┈ᛶࡢᐇ⌧࣭ බ┈஦ᴗศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦ᴗ⪅ࡢ➇தไ㝈ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽࢆ⊂⚗ἲୖホ౯ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ㏻⣙୙ྍ⬟࡞୧౯್ࢆ
⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせ㸦㸻➇தⓗ౯್ࡢࡳࢆホ౯ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋከࡃࡢἲᇦ࡟ඹ㏻㸧
¾බ┈ࢆ⌮⏤࡜ࡍࡿṇᙜ໬ࡢ᫝㠀ࡢุ᩿ᇶ‽ࡣ࠸࠿࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㸽¾

࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せᅉ࡟ࡼࡾỴࡏࡽࢀࡿ࠿㸽¾

࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព⩏ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠿㸽¾

Ѝ᪥ᮏἲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦౛ࡢᑡ࡞ࡉࠋ㒔❧Ⱚᾆ࡜␆ሙ஦௳㸦ุ᭱ᖹඖ㺃12㺃14ࠊẸ㞟 43 ᕳ 12 ྕ 2078 㡫㸧1㸸୙ᙜᗮ኎つไ࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜Ⅽࡢᝏᛶࡣࠕලయⓗ࡞ሙྜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⾜Ⅽࡢពᅗ࣭┠ⓗࠊែᵝࠊ➇த㛵ಀࡢᐇែཬࡧᕷሙࡢ≧ἣ➼ࢆ⥲ྜ⪃㔞ࠖࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࠋ㸦㸰㸧TFEU106 ᮲ࡢᙺ๭࡜◊✲ᡂᯝࡢඛྲྀࡾ
࣭ EU ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢၥ㢟ࠋ࠙௬᝿஦౛ձ㸸ඹྠ⾜Ⅽࠚᅜෆἲ࡟ࡼࡾỈ㉁ಖ඲࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ⩏ົ௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐙ㟁〇ရ࣓࣮࣮࢝࡜ᑠ኎ᴗ⪅࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ஦ᴗ⪅ᅋయࡀࠊỈ㉁ಖ඲ࡢ┠ⓗ㸦㸻බ┈㸧ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ཝ᱁࡞ᇶ‽ࢆᐃࡵࠊࡇࢀࢆ㡰Ᏺࡋ࡞࠸࣓࣮࣮࢝ࡢὙ℆ᶵࢆྲྀࡾᢅࢃ࡞࠸᪨ࡢྜពࢆࡍࡿ㸦ඹྠࡢྲྀᘬᣄ⤯࡟ࡼࡿ➇தไ㝈㸧ࠋ࠙௬᝿஦౛ղ㸸ᨭ㓄ⓗᆅ఩ࡢ℃⏝ࠚᆅᇦ⊂༨ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㟁ຊᑠ኎ࡾ఍♫ࡀࠊᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁Ẽ౪⤥ࡢᏳᐃࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸦㸻බ┈㸧ࠊᑠ኎ࡾྲྀᘬࡢ┦ᡭ᪉࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ௚ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ㟁ຊࡢ㍺ධࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿ㸦᤼௚᮲௳௜ྲྀᘬ࡟ࡼࡿ➇தไ㝈㸧ࠋ࠙௬᝿஦౛ճ㸸ຍ┕ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿ➇தไ㝈ⓗ࡞ຠᯝࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᥐ⨨ࠚຍ┕ᅜ A ࡀࠊಙ᭩ࡢ㒑౽஦ᴗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅜෆἲࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ X ࡟᤼௚ⓗᶒ฼ࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᪂᭩ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㸦㸻බ┈㸧ࡣ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊಙ᭩ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚➇தࡀ᤼㝖ࡉࢀࡿ㸦㸻➇தไ㝈㸧ࠋ1ࡑࡢᚋࠊ⚟♴ࣂࢫ஦௳㸦ᒣཱྀᆅୗ㛵ᨭุᖹ 18㺃1㺃16 ᑂỴ㞟 52 ᕳ 918 㡫㸧 ࡀࡇࢀ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1Ў࣭ EUᶵ⬟᮲⣙ 106 ᮲࡟ࡼࡿつᚊ 2ࠋ
106 ᮲ 1 㡯㸸බⓗ஦ᴗ⪅ཬࡧຍ┕ᅜࡀ≉ูࡢࡲࡓࡣ᤼௚ⓗ࡞ᶒ฼ࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿ஦ᴗ⪅࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊຍ┕ᅜࡣᮏ᮲⣙ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࠊ≉࡟ 18 ᮲ཬࡧ 101 ᮲࠿ࡽ 109 ᮲ࡲ࡛࡟ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓ࣮ࣝࣝ࡟཯ࡍࡿ࠸࠿࡞ࡿᥐ⨨ࡶไᐃࡲࡓࡣ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ2 㡯㸸୍⯡ⓗ⤒῭฼┈ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㐠Ⴀࢆጤクࡉࢀࡓ஦ᴗ⪅ཪࡣṓධ※ࢆ⊂༨ࡍࡿᛶ᱁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ஦ᴗ⪅ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢ㐺⏝ࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢ஦ᴗ⪅࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ௵ົࡢἲᚊୖࡲࡓࡣ஦ᐇୖࡢ㐙⾜ࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊᮏ᮲⣙ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࠊ≉࡟➇த࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㐃ྜࡢ฼┈࡟཯ࡍࡿ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡲ࡛ࠊ㏻ၟࡢⓎᒎࡀᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
3 㡯㸸ጤဨ఍ࡣᮏ᮲ࡢつᐃࡢ㐺⏝ࢆ☜ಖࡋࠊᚲせ࡞ሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊຍ┕ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㐺ษ࡞ᣦ௧ࡶࡋࡃࡣỴᐃࢆฟࡉࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࠙ྛつ⛬ࡢព⩏ࠚ
࣭ 1 㡯㸸ຍ┕ᅜࡀබⓗ஦ᴗ⪅➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ➇தἲ➼ࡢ᮲⣙࣮ࣝࣝ࡟㐪཯ࡍࡿᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆ
࣭ 2 㡯㸸ձබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ࡶཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚➇தἲࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂♧ࠋղ୍ᐃࡢせ௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍሙྜ࡟ࡣ㐺⏝ࢆචࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆつᐃࠋ࣭ 3 㡯㸸ጤဨ఍࡟❧ἲᶒ㝈ࢆ௜୚ࠋ࠙2 㡯ࡢせ௳ࠚ࣭ せ௳ձࠕ୍⯡ⓗ⤒῭฼┈ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㐠Ⴀࢆጤࡡࡽࢀࡓ஦ᴗ⪅ཪࡣṓධ※ࢆ⊂༨ࡍࡿᛶ᱁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ஦ᴗ⪅ࠖ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࠋ࣭ せ௳ղ‫ࠕۻ‬ᮏ᮲⣙ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢ㐺⏝ࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢ஦ᴗ⪅࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ௵ົࡢἲᚊୖࡲࡓࡣ஦ᐇୖࡢ㐙⾜ࢆጉࡆࠖࡿࠋ㸦ࠕ௵ົ㐙⾜ࡢ㜼ᐖࠖせ௳㸧࣭ せ௳ճࠕඹྠయࡢ฼┈࡟཯ࡍࡿ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡲ࡛ࠊ㏻ၟࡢⓎᒎࡀᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࠖ࡞࠸ࠋ㸦࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸧୍ ⯡ ⓗ⤒ ῭฼ ┈ࢆ➇தἲࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ඹྠయࡢ฼┈࡟᭷ ࡍ ࡿࢧ ࣮ࣅ ࢫࢆ஦ᴗ⪅ࡀㄢࡉࢀࡓ௵ົ཯ࡋ࡞࠸࠿㸽ጤ ࡡ ࡽࢀ ࡓ஦ ᴗ⪅࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿ࠿㸽ヱᙜࡢ 㐙 ⾜ ࡀ ጉ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ጉࡆࡿ࠿㸽ጉࡆ࡞࠸ヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸2᪥ᮏ࡟ࡣྠᵝࡢつᐃࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ
2㐺⏝࡞ࡋ཯ࡋ࡞࠸➇தἲࡢ㐺⏝࣭ ሗ࿌⪅ࡢ༤ኈㄽᩥ
¾⠊ᅖ㸸106 ᮲ 2 㡯ࡢせ௳ձղ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊุỴࠊỴᐃࠊᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ࠊᏛㄝ➼ࢆ᳨ウ¾3 ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ⤖ㄽබ┈ࢆ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚➇தἲ࠿ࡽࡢ㐓⬺ࡀṇᙜ໬ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡢᇶ‽㸦➇தἲⓗ㸧ᇦෆᕷሙࡢᡂ⇍ᗘ࡜➇தἲ㐺⏝ࡢཝ᱁ࡉࡢ࿧ᛂ㛵ಀ㸦⤒῭ἲⓗ࣭EU ἲⓗ㸧EU࣭ຍ┕ᅜ㛫ࡢᶒ㝈࣭ᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ಀࡢἲ㐠⏝࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪㸦EU ἲⓗ㸧㸯㸬せ௳ձ㸸୍⯡ⓗ⤒῭฼┈ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫヱᙜᛶ㸦㸯㸧Two Questions࣭ఱࡀ㸽㸦࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇶ‽࡛㸽㸧㸸᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿබ┈஦ᴗࡼࡾᗈ࠸ᴫᛕ࣭ㄡࡀ㸽‫ۻ‬㸦㸰㸧ㄡࡀ୍⯡ⓗ⤒῭฼┈ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢෆᐜࢆỴࡵࡿ࠿㸽
࣭ 1960 ᖺ௦ࡢ㆟ㄽ
¾ඹྠయ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ

¾

ຍ┕ᅜ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࣭ ᮲ᩥ㸸᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ EU ⿢ุᡤࡢุ᩿ࡀ࡞ࡉࡿࡢ࡛ࠕ㐃ྜ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡜࠸࠼ࡑ࠺
¾

ྰᐃࡉࢀࡓ஦౛㸸࣭ ࡔࡀࠊุ౛ࡢ᳨ウࡢ⤖ᯝ͐¾

࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 3¾ࠕ᫂஦ᴗ⪅ࡢάືࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ୍⯡ⓗ⤒῭฼┈ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫヱᙜᛶࡀྰᐃࡉࢀࡓ஦౛ࡣࢃࡎ࠿ 4ࠋⓑ࡞ㄗࡾࠖ࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

¾‴ࡢⲴ✚ࡳࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊ㡢ᴦⴭసᶒࡢ㞟୰⟶⌮஦ᴗຍ┕ᅜࡢ⿢㔞ࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᙉࡃᑛ㔜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣭ Қᙧᘧⓗ࡟ࡣ㐃ྜ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㐠⏝ୖࡣຍ┕ᅜࡢุ᩿ࡀᑛ㔜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸰㸬せ௳ղ㸸௵ົ㐙⾜ࡢ㜼ᐖ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿
㸦㸯㸧1960 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙㹼90 ᖺ௦๓༙ࡲ࡛ࡢཝ᱁࡞ุ౛ἲ⌮࣭ ࠕ㠀୧❧ᛶࢸࢫࢺ 5ࠖࠊࠕ୙ྍḞᛶࢸࢫࢺ 6ࠖ㐠㍺㸸 ‴ࡢ㐠Ⴀࠊ ‴࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⯠ᴗົࠊၟᴗⓗ࡟Ꮡ❧ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ฼┈ࢆ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㐠⾜ࡀᚲせ࡞⯟㊰ࡢ㐠Ⴀ㸦ᆅ᪉᣺⯆㸧㒑౽㸸ᇶᮏⓗ࡞㒑౽஦ᴗࠊᅜ㝿㒑౽㟁ຊ㸸㟁ຊ౪⤥㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ㸸㟁Ẽ㏻ಙࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢタ❧࡜㐠Ⴀᨺ㏦㸸ࣛࢪ࣭࢜ࢸࣞࣅᨺ㏦Ỉ㐨㸸ୖỈ㐨౪⤥♫఍ಖ㞀ศ㔝㸸⏘ᴗูᖺ㔠ᇶ㔠ࡢ㐠Ⴀࠊ⫋ᴗ⤂௓‫ࠊۼ‬ᩆᛴ㌴ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡑࡢ௚㸸ᗫᲠ≀ฎ⌮
4 බᶒຊࡢ⾜౑㸦⯟✵⟶ไ➼㸧ࡸ♫఍┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵࡢάື㸦㐃ᖏࡢཎ๎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ་⒪ಖ㝤➼㸧ࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ➇தἲࡢᑕ⛬እ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
5 Sacchi ஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ㸦1974 ᖺ㸧㸸ࠕࡓ࡜࠼ຍ┕ᅜࡀࢸࣞࣅࡢ㐠Ⴀࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ၟᴗάືࡑࡋ࡚࡜ࡾࢃࡅᗈ࿌
ࢆጤࡡࡓ஦ᴗ⪅ࢆ୍⯡ⓗ⤒῭฼┈ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㐠Ⴀࢆጤࡡࡽࢀࡓ஦ᴗ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚⤌⧊ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ90 ᮲33࣭ ཝ᱁࡞ẚ౛ᛶཎ๎㸻┠ⓗ㸩ᡭẁ㸩ẚ౛ᛶ㸦LRA㸧
࠙⿢ุ౛ࡢ≧ἣࠚ࣭ ୙ྍḞᛶࢸࢫࢺ㸦Indispensability Test㸧*ୗ⥺㸸ຍ┕ᅜ࡟ุ᩿ࠊ‫ۻ‬ṇᙜ໬ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎ
¾Ahmed Saeed஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ 7㸦1989 ᖺࠊ᫂♧ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ‫✵⯟ࠊۻ‬㸧
ࠊERT஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ 8㸦1991
ᖺࠊࢸࣞࣅᨺ㏦㸧
ࠊRTT v GB-Inno-BM஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ 9㸦1991 ᖺ‫ࠊۻ‬㟁Ẽ㏻ಙタഛ㸧࣭ 㠀୧❧ᛶࢸࢫࢺ㸦incompatibility test㸧¾

Telemarketing஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ 㸦1985 ᖺ‫ࣅࣞࢸࠊۻ‬ᨺ㏦ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ㟁ヰ࡛ࡢ㏻ಙ㈍኎㸧10ࠊHöfner
஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ஦௳(1991 ᖺ‫⫋ࠊۻ‬ᴗ⤂௓ࠊ㟂せࢻࢡࢺࣜࣥࢆᥦ♧)11㸦㸰㸧ᇦෆᕷሙ᏶ᡂ㹼⌧ᅾࡢุ౛ἲ⌮㸸⦆ࡸ࠿࡞ࠕᚲせᛶࢸࢫࢺࠖ
࣭ Corbeau஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ㸦1993 ᖺ㸧 12 㸦࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢣ࣮ࢫ㸧¾

஦௳ࡢᴫせ㸸࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡛ Corbeau Ặࡀ≉ᐃᆅᇦෆࡢ㏿㐩ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࡇࡢ⾜Ⅽࡀࠊ㒑౽බ♫࡟⊂༨ࢆ୚࠼ࡓ 1956 ᖺἲ࡟㐪཯ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࠋྠἲࡀඹྠయ࣮ࣝࣝ࡟㐺ྜ࠿ྰ࠿ࡢඛỴ⿢ᐃࡀḢᕞྖἲ⿢ุᡤ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ

¾Ḣᕞྖἲ⿢ุᡤ㸸ࠕ᤼௚ⓗᶒ฼ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ᴗ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࠊ≉ᐃࡢ௵ົࡢ㐙⾜㸬㸬ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞⠊ᅖࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚᤼௚ⓗᶒ฼ࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵࡿࠋ㸦㸻ᚲせᛶࢸࢫࢺ
㸦necessity test㸧㸧¾┠ⓗ㸩ᡭẁ㸩⊃⩏ࡢẚ౛ᛶ㸦⦆ࡸ࠿ 13㸧ᡭẁ࡟ጇᙜᛶࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾࠊᚲせᛶࢆ㉸࠼ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ➇தἲ࠿ࡽࡢ㐓⬺ࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸౛㸸㈇ᢸࡢබᖹᛶ 14ࠊ㐣ᗘࡢ⿵࡚ࢇࡣᚲせᛶࢆ඘㊊ࡋ࡞࠸ 152 㡯㸦⌧ 106 ᮲ 2 㡯㸧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊᙜヱ⚗Ṇࡀ௵ົࡢ㐙⾜࡜୧❧ࡋ࡞࠸㸦incompatible with the performanceof their tasks㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊ͐ྠᵝࡢ⚗Ṇࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ ࠖCase 155/73 Sacchi [1974] ECR 409.
6 Navewa-Ansearu ஦௳ࢥ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥỴᐃ㸦1981 ᖺ㸧㸸ࠕ᮲⣙つᐃࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≉ᐃࡢ௵ົࡢ㐙⾜ࡀࡼࡾ」㞧࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡋࡘࡘࠊࠕᙜヱ஦ᴗ⪅ࡀࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ≉ᐃࡢ௵ົࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ᡭẁࢆ௚࡟ࡶࡓ࡞࠸㸦no other technically and economically feasiblemeans㸧ሙྜࡢࡳ࡟ࠖ➇தἲ࠿ࡽࡢ㐓⬺ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡋࡓ ࠋ
7Case 66/86 Ahmed Saeed Flugreisen and Silver Line Reisebüro GmbH v. Zentrale zur Bekämpfung unlauteren
Wettbewerbs e.V [1989] ECR 803.
8

Case C-260/89 Elliniki Radiophonia Tiléorassi AE (ERT) and Panellinia Omospondia Syllogon Prossopikou v.
Dimotiki Etairia Pliroforissis and Sotirios Kouvelas and Nicolaos Avdellas and others [1991] ECR I-2925.
9Case C-18/88 Régie des télégraphes et des téléphones v. GB-Inno-BM SA [1991] ECR I-5941.

10

Case 311/84 Centre belge d'études de marché - Télémarketing (CBEM) v. SA Compagnie luxembourgeoise detélédiffusion (CLT) and Information publicité Benelux (IPB) [1985] ECR 3261.

11

Case C-41/90 Klaus Höfner and Fritz Elser v. Macrotron GmbH [1991] ECR I-1979.

12

Case C-320/91 Criminal proceedings against Paul Corbeau [1993] ECR I-2533.

LRA ࡣせồࡉࢀࡎཝ᱁࡞ẚ౛ᛶࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㐠⏝ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟ὀពࠋ
TNT v Poste Italiane ஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ (2001 ᖺ)㸸ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪஦ᴗ⪅࡬ࡢ㒑౽㈿ㄢ㔠ࡢᨭᡶ࠸࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ஦ᴗ⪅⮬㌟ࡶᨭᡶ࠸ࢆ⾜ࢃࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋCase C-340/99 TNT Traco
SpA v. Poste Italiane SpA and Others [2001] ECR I-4109.

131415ࢻ࢖ࢳ࢙࣭࣏ࢫࢺ஦௳ඛỴ⿢ᐃ㸦2000 ᖺ㸧㸸ᅜ㝿㒑౽ࡢཷࡅධࢀᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᨭᡶࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᡭᩘᩱࢆᕪࡋᘬࡅࡤࠊᅜ㝿㒑౽࠿ࡽⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㈝⏝ࢆ⿵࠺ࡓࡵࠊᅜቃࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㒑౽ࢆᅜෆ㒑౽࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀᢅ࠸ࠊᅜෆ4㸱㸬EU ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧ᅾࡢุ౛ἲ⌮ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡑࡢព⩏㸦㸯㸧 ⌧ᅾࡢุ౛ἲ⌮ࡢ≉ᚩ஧ࡘࡢせ௳㸸࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⦆ࡸ࠿࡞ุ᩿ᇶ‽ࢆ᥇⏝ࠋҚ➇தἲ࠿ࡽࡢ㐓⬺ࡀチࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸Ўබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᛶ㉁ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜✜ᙜ࡞ᖐ⤖࣭⏘ᴗࡢᇶ┙ࠊ㞠⏝ࠊ␗࡞ࡿ♫఍ⓗ⫼ᬒЍᐇ᝟࡟↷ࡽࡋࡓබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡣຍ┕ᅜࡸ⮬἞యࡢ࡯࠺ࡀྍ⬟㸦㸰㸧 ࡞ࡐ⦆ࡸ࠿࡞ࡢ࠿㸽㸸බඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ EU ➇தἲࡢ㐺⏝ࡢ㝈⏺ࢆỴࡍࡿせ⣲ձ බඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ⤒῭ⓗ౯್㸦➇த࡟ࡼࡿຠ⋡ᛶ㸧࡜㠀⤒῭ⓗ౯್㸦බ┈㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑¾せ௳ղ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢึᮇࡢཝ᱁࡞ุ᩿ᇶ‽ࡣ㸽ЍᇦෆᕷሙࡢⓎᒎẁ㝵࡟ࡼࡿㄝ᫂ղ ඹྠయ࡜ຍ┕ᅜࡢ㛫ࡢබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᶒ㝈㛵ಀ¾ࠕ⿵᏶ᛶࡢཎ๎ࠖࡢୗ୍࡛⩏ⓗ࡞ᶒ㝈ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿຍ┕ᅜࡢุ᩿ࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ EU ྖἲ⿢ุᡤ
ࡢែᗘճ EUྖἲ⿢ุᡤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣕࣃࢩࢸ࢕࣮ 16࡜ࢥࣥ࣌ࢸࣥࢫࡢḞዴ¾

ᚲせᛶࢸࢫࢺࡢୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚤጁ࡞ࣂࣛࣥࢩࣥࢢࡣ஦ᐇୖ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿㸽¾࢟ࣕࣃࢩࢸ࢕㸸EU ྖἲ⿢ุᡤ࡜ຍ┕ᅜෆࡢᐇ᝟ࡢ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳㸦ἲゎ㔘࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⿵᏶ᛶཎ๎࡜ᩚྜࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉㸧¾ࢥࣥ࣌ࢸࣥࢫ㸸බඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢෆᐜࡣᅜࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࠋẸ୺୺⩏ⓗṇᙜᛶࢆࡶࡘຍ┕ᅜࡢุ᩿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢጇᙜᛶࢆ EU ྖἲ⿢ุᡤࡀุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᴟຊ᥍࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ
c.f.㐣ཤ࡟Ḣᕞጤဨ఍ࡢᙉ◳࡞⮬⏤໬ࡀッゴࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ⤒⦋ 17ࠊຍ┕ᅜ࡜Ḣᕞጤဨ఍ࡢ㛫࡛ࡢつไᶒ㝈ࢆࡵࡄࡿᨻ἞ⓗத࠸ࡶࠋ㸦㸱㸧 せ௳ղࡢᚲせᛶࢸࢫࢺ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࡢព⩏࣭ 㔜どࡍࡿ౯್ࡢኚ໬࡟కࡗ࡚ࠊබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿつไᶒ㝈ࡢጤㆡࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ
¾

ึᮇ㸸⤒῭ⓗ౯್ࡢ㔜どЍཝ᱁࡞ࠕ௵ົ㐙⾜ࡢ㜼ᐖせ௳ࠖ㸻EU ࡟ᶒ㝈

¾Corbeau ஦௳௨㝆㸸බ┈ࡢ㔜どЍ⦆ࡸ࠿࡞ࠕ௵ົ㐙⾜ࡢ㜼ᐖせ௳ࠖ㸻EU ࣮ࣝࣝࡢ௓ධࡢపୗ
Ѝຍ┕ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿᅜෆᨻ⟇ࡀ⏕ࡁṧࡿ㸻つつไࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࡢ㸦෌㸧㌿᥮ 18㒑౽ᩱ㔠ࢆㄳồࡍࡿไᗘࡣṇᙜ໬ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࠺ࡿࠋJoined cases C-147/97 and C-148/97 Deutsche Post AG v.
Gesellschaft für Zahlungssysteme mbH GZS) (C-147/97) and Citicorp Kartenservice GmbH (C-148/97) [2000]
ECR I-825. ᮏุỴ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㑥ㄒ࡛ࡢᩥ⊩࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊすᮧᬸྐࠕḢᕞ➇தἲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿෆ㒊⿵ຓࢆ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋࡓᕷሙᨭ㓄ⓗᆅ఩ࡢ℃⏝つไʊʊࢻ࢖ࢶ࣏ࢫࢺ஦௳ࢆ⣲ᮦ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠖᐩ኱⤒῭ㄽ㞟 49 ᕳ 2 ྕ㸦2003 ᖺ㸧297
㡫ࠋ
16Leonor Moral Soriano, How Proportionate Should Anti-Competitive State Intervention Be?, 28(1) ELR 112(2003).
17஭ୖ῟ࠗᇦෆᕷሙ⤫ྜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ EU-ຍ┕ᅜ㛫㛵ಀ࠘㸦ᜨ㞞ᇽฟ∧ࠊ2013 ᖺ㸧ࠋ
18࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ஧ḟ❧ἲ㸦つ๎ࠊᣦ௧➼㸧ࡀᏑࡍࡿ⠊ᅖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ EU ࣮ࣝࣝࡀඃ㉺ࡍࡿ㸦ᮏሗ࿌ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ5࠾ࢃࡾ࡟⌧ᅾࡢㄢ㢟㸸つไࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࡀ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ኱ࡁࡃ㌿᥮ࡋࡓศ㔝࣭ ♫఍ಖ㞀ศ㔝㸸ᚑ᮶ࡣᅜᐙࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸻ຍ┕ᅜἲࡢ㡿ᇦЎ࣭ ㏆᫬ࠊつไ⦆࿴࣭ᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆᑟධࡍࡿືࡁЍࠕ⤒῭άືࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚➇தἲࡢ㐺⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ㸻EU ἲ࡟ࡼࡿつᚊࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ࣭ ྖἲ⿢ุᡤࡢㅬᢚⓗ࡞ែᗘ 19ࡣࡳࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ኱ࡁ࡞㌿᥮ࠋ࣭ ⮬⏤⛣ືつᐃ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡶ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࠋ࠙௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᩥ⊩ࠚJOSÉ LUIS BUENDÍA SIERRA, EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS AND STATE MONOPOLIES UNDER EC LAW, ARTICLE 86(FORMERLY ARTICLE 90) OF THE EC TREATY (1999).
Leo Flynn, Competition Policy and Public Services in EC Law after the Maastricht and Amsterdam Treaties, inDAVID O'KEEFE & PATRICK TWOMEY EDS., LEGAL ISSUES OF THE AMSTERDAM TREATY (1999) 185.
René Joliet, National Anti-competitive Legislation and Community Law, 12 Fordham International Law Journal
172 (1989).
TONY PROSSER, THE LIMITS OF COMPETITION LAW (2005).
Malcolm Ross, Article 16 EC and Services of General Interest: From Derogation to Obligation?, 25 ELR 22(2000).
WOLF SAUTER & HARM SCHEPEL, STATE AND MARKET IN EUROPEAN UNIOIN LAW: THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATESPHERES OF THE INTERNAL MARKET BOFORE THE EU COURTS (2009).
Fritz Scharpf, Negative and Positive Integration in the Political Economy of European Welfare States, in MARKS ET.
AL. EDS. GOVERNANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION (1996) 31.

ERIKA SZYSZCZAK, THE REGULATION OF THE STATE IN COMPETITIVE MARKETS IN THE EU (2007).

࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡢࡣࠊEU ࡟ࡼࡿつไࡀ࡞࠸⠊ᅖࡢබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢࡳ㸧ࠋ⮬⏤໬ࡉࢀࡿ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ຍ┕ᅜࡢᥐ⨨ࡀṇᙜ໬ࡉࢀࡿవᆅࡀ⦰ῶࡍࡿࠋEU ࡀᶒ㝈ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⠊ᅖ㸦2 ḟ❧ἲࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⠊ᅖ㸧࡛ࡣ➇தἲࡢ㐺⏝ᣑ኱ࠊຍ┕ᅜࡢᶒ㝈ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣබ┈ࢆ㔜ど࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࠋ19 Case C-67/96 Albany International [1999] ECR I-5751.
6