SC/59/O5

Cruise Report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale
Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North
Pacific (JARPN II) in 2006 (part I) - Offshore component –TAMURA, T.1) , MATSUOKA, K. 1), BANDO, T. 1), MOGOE, T.1), KONISHI, K.1), MORI, M. 2), TSUNEKAWA, M. 2), OKAMOTO,
K. 3), FUNASAKA, N.4), SAKAJIRI, H.1), YOSHIDA, Y.5), KUMAGAI, S.1), KIMURA, K.6), TAKAMATSU, T.2), KONAGAI, T.2),
SASAKI, S.2), KUWAOKA, J.2) AND OGAWA T.2)
1) The Institute of Cetacean Research, 4-5, Toyomi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0055, Japan,2) Kyodo Senpaku Co. Ltd., 4-5, Toyomi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0055, Japan,
3) Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo,108-8477, Japan
4) Mie University, Graduate School of Bioresoureces, 1577, Kurimamatiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan,5) Hokkaido University, Faculty of Fisheries, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan,
6) Tokai University, Marine Science and Technology, 104-0055, Japan,
Contact e-mail: tamura@cetacean.jp

ABSTRACTThe fifth cruise of the full-scale survey of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special
Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPN II) -offshore component- was conducted from 16 May to 29 August 2006
in sub-areas 7, 8 and 9 of the western North Pacific. The objectives of the full-scale research are (a) feeding ecology andecosystem studies, (b) monitoring environmental pollutants in cetaceans and the marine ecosystem and (c) elucidationof stock structure. Target species are common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Bryde’s whale B. edeni, sei
whale B. borealis and sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus. A total of five research vessels were used: one dedicatedsighting vessel (SV), three sighting/sampling vessels (SSVs) and one research base vessel. A total of 5,541.7 n.miles
was surveyed in a period of 106 days by SV. During that period 54 common minke, 15 Bryde’s, 244 sei and 220 sperm
whales were sighted by the SV. A total of 12,245.3 n.miles was surveyed in a period of 85 days by SSVs. During that
period 134 common minke, 172 Bryde’s, 326 sei and 330 sperm whales were sighted by the SSVs. A total of 100
common minke, 100 sei, 50 Bryde’s and 6 sperm whales was sampled by the SSVs. All whales sampled were examinedon board the research base vessel. One Bryde’s whale was tracked by satellite tag in the western North Pacific during
July. The satellite tracking data was received for two weeks. As in previous surveys common minke whales fed mainly
on Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). Bryde’s whales fed mainly on krill andJapanese anchovy. In addition, results of the present survey suggested that Bryde’s whales also fed on oceanic lightfish(Vinciguerria nimbaria). Sei whales fed mainly on copepods, krill and Japanese anchovy. Dominant preys in thestomach of six sperm whales were various kinds of squids, which inhabit the mid- and deep-waters. These data will be
used for ecosystem modelling in near future.
KEYWORDS: PACIFIC OCEAN, COMMON MINKE WHALE; BRYDE’S WHALE; SEI WHALE; SPERM
WHALE; MONITORING, FOOD/PREY; ECOSYSTEM; SATELLITE TAGGING; SCIENTIFIC PERMITSBACKGROUND
After the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPN) from 1994 to
1999, the meeting to review the survey results and data was held in February 2000. At that meeting, it was agreed thatno sub-stock scenario exists within the O stock for common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata in western North
Pacific but the issue of whether or not the W-stock exists (western part of sub-area 9) was not resolved. Regarding thefeasibility studies on feeding ecology, the workshop considered them successful. The results showed that the main preyspecies of common minke whale changed seasonally and geographically. As most of these prey species are also thetarget species of Japanese commercial fisheries, a possible competition between common minke whales and fisheries
was postulated. The Workshop agreed that, if ecological studies are to be conducted in the area, the sampling regime
must be designed to allow for a more quantitative estimation of temporal and geographical variation in diet. It was also
recommended that acoustic and trawl surveys should be conducted concurrently with future whale surveys, if possible(IWC, 2001).

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The second phase of Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPNII)
was started in the 2000 summer season as a two-year feasibility study. The first objective was to study feeding ecologyof whales and the marine ecosystem. During the previous JARPN surveys, it was revealed the common minke whales
consumed various commercial fish species such as Pacific saury Cololabis saira, Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus.
Japanese common squids Todarodes pacificus and walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, and that they ate
considerable amount of these prey species. The second objective of the feasibility survey of JARPNII was related tostock structure issues, and third to pollution studies. Sampling of minke whale, Bryde’s whale B. edeni and sperm whale
Physeter macrocephalus was conducted in the feasibility research program.
Based on the success of the feasibility study (Government of Japan, 2002a) and increasingly strong support frominternational fisheries organizations, including FAO, for research to improve multi-species approaches to management,
JARPN II started as a full-scale research program in 2002.The full-scale study aimed mainly i) to evaluate the feeding
ecology and ecosystem studies, ii) to monitor environmental pollutants in cetaceans and the marine ecosystem and iii)
to elucidate the stock structure (Government of Japan, 2002b).
The full-scale JARPN II plan involved two survey components: the ‘offshore’ survey was covered by the Nisshin Maru
research unit and the ‘coastal’ survey was covered by catcher boats of small type whaling. The coastal component wasnecessary to cover the temporal and spatial gaps, which could not be covered by the Nisshin Maru unit (Government ofJapan, 2002b).
Sampling of 100 minke whales, 50 Bryde’s whales and 10 sperm whales as in the JARPN II feasibility study wascontinued in the full research program with the addition of 50 sei whales B. borealis in each year and 50 common
minke whales to be taken by small-type whaling catcher boats in 2002. Sei whale was selected as a target species as
they feed on fisheries resources such as common squid and their estimated biomass is larger than that of Bryde’s andcommon minke whales. The additional 50 common minke whales provide full coverage of the spring and autumn
seasons in coastal waters where the competition between cetaceans and fisheries is likely to be substantial. In the full
JARPN II plan the coastal survey component was presented as a two-year feasibility study to be conducted in 2002 and2003. The plan also noted that in the case of the sei whale, ‘the required sample size will be recalculated after the firsttwo years making use of the data accumulated’ (Government of Japan, 2002b).
In accordance with these provisions, a revised JARPN II research plan was presented for the period starting from 2004,
which takes into consideration i) the results of the coastal survey component (feasibility surveys in 2002 and 2003)
regarding logistic and sample size of the common minke whale and ii) the results of new calculations of required
sample size for the sei whale based on the data accumulated in those two years. The research area was set in sub-areas 7,
8 and 9, and the target species and sample sizes in 2006 were set as follows: 220 common minke whales (100 were to
be sampled by the offshore survey and 120 - by the each coastal survey); 100 sei whales (offshore survey), 50 Bryde’s
whales (offshore survey) and 10 sperm whales (offshore survey) (Government of Japan, 2004a, 2004b).
In this paper, we present an outline of the fifth full-scale survey of the JARPN II -offshore component-, which was
conducted from 16 May to 29 August 2006.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research area
Sub-areas 7, 8 and 9, excluding the EEZ zones of foreign countries, were the research area (Fig. 1). These sub-areas
were further divided as follows:
Sub-area 7:

Five small blocks (7N, 7MI, 7MO, 7SI, 7SO) stratified for taking into account satellite information onwater temperature.

Sub-areas 8 and 9: Four small blocks were divided at latitude of 40ºN in each sub area (8N and 8S, 9N and 9S).
Research vessels
Five research vessels were used.
The research base vessel Nisshin Maru (NM: 8,030GT) commanded the research and was the platform for biologicalexamination of whale samples and processing of by-products. The Yushin Maru (YS1: 720GT), Yushin Maru No.2
(YS2: 747GT) and Kyo Maru No.1 (K01: 812.08GT) were used as the sighting/sampling vessels (SSVs), which
conducted sighting activities, sampling of targeted whale species and various experiments and observations. The
Kyoshin Maru No. 2 (KS2: 372GT) was used as dedicated sighting vessel (SV).
Survey components
The survey was composed of three main components: whale survey, sighting survey and the cooperative survey
however, the cooperative survey could not be conducted due to logistical reasons. The prey survey was conducted by
Kyoshin Maru No. 2 using echo sounder and plankton net. This vessel was also dedicated sighting of cetaceans.
2Whale survey
Vessels: Four research vessels (NM, YS1, YS2 and K01)
Research area: Sub-areas 7, 8 and 9. In addition, a ‘special monitoring survey’ (SMS) was undertaken in some areas
where the number of common minke, Bryde’s and sei whales was expected to be abundant.
Research period (Table 1):
First period:

Between 24 May and 19 July.

Second period:

Between 22 July and 16 August.

Dedicated Sighting survey (Table 1)
Vessels: One research vessel (KS2)
Research area:

Sub-areas 7, 8 and 9

Research period:
Entire period:

Between 16 May and 29 August.

Prey survey (only Echo sounder and plankton net)
Vessels: One research vessel (KS2)
Research area:

Sub-areas 7, 8 and 9

Research period:
Entire period:

Between 16 May and 29 August.

Methods for setting cruise track line for the whale survey
Track lines and allocation of vessels were made as in previous JARPN and JARPN II surveys (Fujise et al., 1995, 1996,
1997, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003; Ishikawa et al., 1997; Zenitani et al., 1999; Tamura et al., 2004, 2005, 2006). The
zigzag-shaped track line was established on an arbitrary basis in each sub-area and month, taking into consideration
previous sighting information of target whales and sea conditions.
Furthermore, some ‘special monitoring surveys’ (SMS) were conducted in areas where the abundance of common
minke whales, Bryde’s and sei whales was expected to be high. Track line in the SMS was designed separately from theoriginal track line. Three SSVs were allocated to these tracks with the allocation being changed every day.
The research course for the SSVs consisted of one main track and two parallel tracks established in 7 n.miles apart frommain course.
Apart from these sampling activities, an independent track line for dedicated sighting survey was designed in the
research area. The track lines were determined randomly.
Sighting surveys
Sighting procedure both for the whale survey and dedicated sighting survey was similar to the previous surveys of
JARPN and JARPN II (Fujise et al., 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003; Ishikawa et al., 1997; Zenitani et al.,
1999; Tamura et al., 2004, 2005, 2006). In the research area sighting was conducted mainly under closing mode.
Furthermore two modalities of sighting in closing mode were adopted, NSC and NSS modes, by taking into
consideration weather and sea conditions. The NSC and NSS modes were the same as BC and BS modes in the previous
JARPN surveys, respectively. The conditions to conduct surveys under NSC mode were similar to those established inJapanese sighting surveys conducted by the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries (i.e. visibility of 2 n.miles
or more and wind force of 4 or below). The NSS mode was used under bad weather conditions such as heavy rain and
fog when the collection of whale samples was still possible. This NSS mode was used only by SSV vessels. These twomode surveys were recorded separately for future analysis. Also an ASP mode was used (closing mode survey withoutsampling activities under normal sighting conditions).
During the transit from homeport (HP) to research area (RA) and from RA to HP, the NSP mode was adopted (passing
mode without sampling activities under normal sighting conditions).
Closing was performed mainly on sightings of common minke, Bryde’s, sei and sperm whales. Furthermore closing was
made on sightings of large whales, such as blue, humpback, right and fin whales. In these cases, closing was done inorder to confirm species and school size and in order to conduct some experiments.

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Sampling of common minke, Bryde’s, Sei and sperm whales
Most of the target whales sighted on the trackline were approached for sampling. Furthermore sampling effort wasapplied outside the established research hours (Main time: SSV: 07:00-19:00, SV: 07:00-19:00 (12 hrs)), if collectionof whale samples was considered possible.
For schools consisting of two or more animals, numbering was made for all the whales in the school; to set samplingorder randomly in accordance with the table of random numbers (Kato et al., 1989). Cow and calf pairs were nottargeted for sampling.
Sampled whales were immediately transported to a research base vessel, where biological measurements and sampling
were carried out.
Experiments
The following experiments and observations were conducted on board the sighting/sampling vessels:
1. Sighting distance and angle experiments to examine the precision of sighting data (YS1, YS2 and K01).
2. Biopsy sampling on gray, blue, fin, humpback and right whales.
3. Photographic records of natural marks on blue, humpback and right whales.
4. Preliminary experiments on attachment of satellite tagging to sei and Bryde’s whales.
5. Feeding behaviour patterns of large whale species (blue, fin, sei, Bryde’s, common minke, humpback, right andsperm whales).
On board the SV, the following experiments and observations were conducted:
1. Sighting distance and angle experiment to examine the precision of sighting data.
2. Biopsy sampling on gray, blue, fin, sei, Bryde’s, minke, humpback, right and sperm whales.
3. Photographic records of natural marks on blue, humpback and right whales.
4. Feeding behaviour patterns of large whales.
5. Prey survey using echo sounder and plankton net.
6. Oceanographic experiments using EPCS and CTD.
Observations of marine debris in the research area were conducted from the wheelhouse of the research base vessel(NM) (mainly during transit cruises). Marine debris was also investigated in the stomach contents of common minke,
Bryde’s, sei and sperm whales sampled. Experiments on killing method were conducted onboard of both the researchbase vessel and the SSVs.
RESULTS
Searching distance
Track line covered by the three sighting/sampling vessels (SSVs) is shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The total searching distancefor SSVs was 12,245.3 n.miles (Table 2).
Track line covered by the dedicated sighting vessel (SV) is shown in Fig. 4. The total searching distance was 5,413.2
n.miles (Table 2).
Sightings of common minke, Bryde’s, sei and sperm whales
Sighting and sampling vessels (SSVs)
A total of 131 schools (134 individuals) of common minke whales were sighted, consisting of 81 schools (83individuals) of primary and 50 schools (51 individuals) of secondary sightings. For sei whale, 209 schools (326individuals) were sighted, consisting of 147 schools (232 individuals) of primary sightings and 62 schools (94individuals) of secondary sightings. For Bryde’s whale, 133 schools (172 individuals) were sighted, consisting of 102
schools (129 individuals) of primary sightings and 31 schools (43 individuals) of secondary sightings. For sperm whale,
181 schools (330 individuals) were observed, consisting of 145 schools (270 individuals) of primary sightings and 36
schools (60 individuals) of secondary sightings (Table 3).
Fig 5. shows the distribution of common minke whales sighted by the SSVs in the sub-areas 7, 8 and 9. Figs.6 and 7
show the distribution of Bryde’s and sei whales. Common minke whales were sighted in northern part of sub area 7,
entire part of sub-areas 8 and 9. But, Bryde’s whales were sighted mainly in southern part of sub-areas 7, 8 and 9. Sei
whales were sighted mainly in offshore of sub-areas 8 and 9. In sub-areas 8 and 9, some segregation was observed
4between sei and Bryde’s whales. Fig. 8 shows the distribution of sperm whale sightings in sub-areas 8 and 9. Spermwhales were widely distributed in sub-areas 7, 8 and 9.
Dedicated sighting vessel (SV)During the research cruise, 46 schools (54 individuals) of common minke whales were sighted, consisting of 45 schools(53 individuals) of primary sightings and 1 school (1 individuals) of secondary sightings. For sei whale, 137 schools(244 individuals) were sighted, consisting of 133 schools (238 individuals) of primary sightings and 4 schools (6individuals) of secondary sightings. For Bryde’s whale, 10 schools (15 individuals) were sighted, consisting of 10
schools (15 individuals) of primary sightings. For sperm whale, 118 schools (220 individuals) were sighted, consistingof 94 schools (183 individuals) of primary sightings and 24 schools (37 individuals) of secondary sightings (Fig. 13,
Table 4).
Sightings of other large cetacean species
Sighting and sampling vessels (SSVs)
Table 3 also shows the number of sightings for other large whale species made by the SSVs, including large baleen
whales such as blue (32 schs./42 inds.), fin (80 schs./103 inds.), humpback whales (58 schs./72 inds.) and right whale(9 sch./13 inds.) (Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12).
Dedicated sighting vessel (SV)
Large baleen whales such as blue (22 schs. /33 inds.), fin (26 schs. /36 inds.), humpback whales (16 schs. /20 inds.) andright whale (1 sch./1 ind.) were found in the sub-areas 7, 8 and 9 (Figs. 14 and 15, Table 4).
Sampling of common minke, Bryde’s, sei and sperm whales
This survey covered almost the entire research area for studies on feeding ecology and stock structure. Table 5 shows
the number of whales sampled in each sub-area or special block for each research component and period. A total of 100
common minke whales (Male: 93 individuals, Female: 7 individuals) were sampled. A total of 100 sei whales (Male: 48
individuals, Female: 52 individuals) were sampled. A total of 50 Bryde’s whales (Male: 21 individuals, Female: 29
individuals) were sampled. A total of two male and four female sperm whales were sampled during the whale survey
component.
Geographical distribution of common minke, Bryde’s and sei whale samples are also shown in Figs. 5 - 7 based on thesighting positions. Fig. 8 shows the distribution of sperm whale samples based on the sighting positions. One sei whaleand one Bryde’s whale were struck but lost due to technical failure.
Biological research for common minke, Bryde’s and sei whales
Table 6 summarizes the biological data and samples collected from whales. A total of 46 research items were covered.
These items are related to the studies conducted under the three main objectives of the JARPN II: study on feeding
ecology of whales and marine ecosystem, pollution studies and elucidation of stock structure.
Composition of sex and sexual maturity of common minke, Bryde’s, and sei whales is shown in Tables 7, 8 and 9. The
rate of mature males in common minke was higher than in Bryde’s and sei whales.
Preliminary analyses of biological data and experiments
Body length of sampled whales
The statistics of body length of common minke whales are shown in Table 10. Mean body length of common minke
whales is 7.13 m and 7.03 m for males and females, respectively. For Bryde’s whales, the statistics of body length are
shown in Table 11. Mean body length of Bryde’s whales is 11.79 m and 11.99 m for males and females, respectively.
For sei whales, the statistics of body length are shown in Table 12. Mean body length of sei whales is 12.90 m and13.93 m for males and females, respectively. For sperm whale, the statistics of body length are shown in Table 13.
Mean body length of sperm whales is 12.03 m and 10.65 m for males and females, respectively.
Distribution and food habit
During the research season (from May to August) in the offshore area, common minke whales fed mainly on Japanese
anchovy, and they also fed on Pacific saury and krill (Table 14). Bryde’s whales were distributed in the southern part of
the research area. They fed mainly on krill (Table 14). However, they fed on oceaniclight fish (Vinciguerria nimbaria)
in sub areas 8 and 9. Sei whales were distributed widely in the research area. From May to August, they fed mainly on
Japanese anchovy, copepods and krill (Table 14). Sperm whales were also distributed widely in the research area. They
fed mainly on deep sea squids in offshore area (sub area 8 and 9).

5Experiments
Biopsy sampling trial
Table 15 shows the results of biopsy skin sampling. A total of ten blue whales, one fin whale, four humpback whales
and eight right whales were targeted for biopsy sampling by the SSVs. As a result, three blue whales, one humpback
whale and one right whale biopsy skin samples were collected.
Natural marks (photo ID) for blue, humpback and right whales
Table 16 shows the results of the photo-ID experiments for blue whales, humpback whales and right whales. A total of
eleven blue whales, three humpback whales and fourteen right whales were targeted by the SSVs.
Feeding behaviour for large baleen whales
The SSVs had planned to conduct recording of the feeding behaviour of large baleen whales using a video recorder.
However, we did not have a chance to record the feeding behaviour of large baleen whales this year.
Preliminary examination of attachment of satellite tag to sei and Bryde’s whale
The SSVs had planned to try attaching satellite tags to sei and Bryde’s whales. A total of one sei and two Bryde’s
whales were targeted by the SSVs. As a result, one satellite tag was attached to a Bryde’s whale. The satellite tracking
data was received for a period of two weeks (See Appendix 1.).
By-products of whales
After biological measurements and sampling were completed, all the whales were processed in accordance with Article
VIII of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. Total production including red meat and blubberfrom 100 sampled common minke, 100 sei, 50 Bryde’s and 6 sperm whales was 261 tons, 1,228 tons, 386 tons and 22
tons, respectively.
DISCUSSIONS
The fifth JARPN II was completed satisfactorily. New samples and data ware collected from almost the entire researcharea to advance in the main objectives of JARPN II.
The distributions and food habits of whales targeted
Minke whale
Common minke whales were sighted in sub areas 7, 8 and 9. In resent years, during early seasons (May - June),
Japanese anchovy was the dominant prey species. During late season (July – August), Pacific saury was the dominant
prey species (Tamura and Fujise, 2002a). Results from this cruise confirmed these findings.
Bryde’s whale
Bryde’s whales were sighted mainly in southern part of sub-areas 7, 8 and 9. It was confirmed that they were distributed
in lower latitude waters of the research area during the summer season. Regarding seasonal movement, some studies
have reported on the migration pattern of Bryde’s whales in the western North Pacific. Omura and Nemoto (1959)
reported that Bryde’s whales were distributed in waters south of 40 oN with higher surface water temperatures (over 20oC). Nemoto (1959) stated that they migrated to the areas of the higher surface water temperature of 18 oC or moredegrees, and that surface water temperature of 20 oC was their distribution boundary in offshore. This research
confirmed their distribution in the area south of 40 oN, and our research seems to confirm the northern limit of theirdistribution. In previous years, during early seasons (May - June), krill was the dominant prey species. During lateseason (July – August), Japanese anchovy was the dominant prey species (Tamura and Fujise, 2002b). Results from thiscruise confirmed that krill and Japanese anchovy were most important prey species for Bryde’s whales in the researcharea. However, some of them fed on the oceaniclight fish in sub areas 8 and 9 during July and August. This prey species
was previously reported as the main prey species of Bryde’s whale (Kawamura, 1980). The oceaniclight fish is
distributed widely in the world oceans. It seems that this fish is an important fish as prey species of Bryde’s whale in thesouthern part of western North Pacific during summer.
Sei whale
Sei whales were sighted mainly in southern part of sub-areas 8 and 9. It was confirmed that they were distributed in
middle and higher latitude waters in the research area during the summer season. Our research seems to indicate thesouthern limit of their distribution. Sighting north of 45 oN were few because we could not conduct the research activity
due to bad weather such as high density fog. In resent years, during all seasons (May – September), copepods andJapanese anchovy were the dominant prey species. During late season (July – August), Japanese anchovy was thedominant prey species (Government of Japan. 2004b). Results from this cruise confirmed that copepods and Japanese
anchovy were most important prey species for sei whales in the research area.

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The importance of the research for ecosystem modelling
Results from this research have shown a difference of prey species among three baleen whale species. Data on prey
consumption together with data from prey surveys, oceanographic data and information on past successive replacementof the most abundant species (Yatsu et al. 2001) will be used to construct ecosystem models which will contribute toimproved fisheries management. Reliable quantitative diet composition data obtained from this research will makemodel simulations of species interactions more robust.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are greatly indebted to Mr. Joji Morishita and Hideki Moronuki of the Fisheries Agency of Japan, Dr.
Hidehiro Kato, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, and Dr. Hiroshi Hatanaka, Dr. Seiji Ohsumi, Dr.
Yoshihiro Fujise, Dr. L.A. Pasutene, and Mr. Shigetoshi Nishiwaki of The Institute of Cetacean Research (ICR) for
their guidance in the design and implementation of the research. We thank all crew of the research vessels (NM, YS1,
YS2, K01and KS2) and the staff of the ICR and Kyodo-Senpaku Co. Ltd. The present research project (JARPN II) was
funded by a subsidy from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Government of Japan.
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7

International Whaling Commission. 2001. Report of the workshop to review the Japanese Whale Research Programme
under Special Permit for North Pacific minke whales (JARPN), Tokyo, 7-10 February 2000. J. Cetacean Res. Manage.
(Suppl.) 3: 377-413.
Ishikawa, H., Yuzu, S., Shimamoto, K., Bando, T., Ohshima, K., Kasai, H., Kinoshita, T., Mizushima, Y., Iwakami, H.,
Nibe, T., Hosoyama, T., Kuramochi, T., Numano, K. and Miyamoto, M. 1997. Cruise report of the Japanese Whale
Research Program under a Special Permit in the North Pacific (JARPN) in 1997. Paper SC/49/NP9 presented to the
IWC Scientific Committee, September 1997 (unpublished). 28pp.
Kato, H., Hiroyama, H., Fujise, Y. and Ono, K. 1989. Preliminary report of the 1987/88 Japanese feasibility study of thespecial permit proposal for Southern Hemisphere minke whales. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 39:
235-248.
Kawamura, A. 1980. A review of food of Balaenopterid whales. Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., Tokyo, 32: 155-197.
Omura, H. and Nemoto, T. 1955. Sei whales in the adjacent waters of Japan III. Relation between movement and watertemperature of the Sea. Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. 10: 79-87.
Nemoto, T. 1959. Food of baleen whales with reference to whale movements. Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst., Tokyo, 14:
149-291.
Tamura, T. and Fujise, Y. 2002. Appendix 1. Food habit of common minke whales based on JARPN II., pp 47-63. In:
Government of Japan (Fujise, Y., Kawahara, S., Pastene, L.A. and Hatanaka, H. eds.), Report of 2000 and 2001
feasibility study of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the western North Pacific-Phase II(JARPN II). Paper SC/54/O17 submitted to the 54th IWC Scientific Committee Meeting.
Tamura, T. and Fujise, Y. 2002. Appendix 2. Food habit of Bryde’s whales based on JARPN II., pp 64-74. In:
Government of Japan (Fujise, Y., Kawahara, S., Pastene, L.A. and Hatanaka, H. eds.), Report of 2000 and 2001
feasibility study of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the western North Pacific-Phase II(JARPN II). Paper SC/54/O17 submitted to the 54th IWC Scientific Committee Meeting.
Tamura, T., Fujise, Y., Bando, T., Yasunaga, G., Konishi, K., Kiwada, H., Isoda, T., Itoh, S. Machida, S., Tsunekawa,
M., Konagai, T., Takamatsu, T., Ohshima, T., Honjo, K., Matsuoka, T., Zharikov, K.A., Yong, Rock AN, Tohyama, D.
and Kawahara, S. 2004. Cruise Report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the western
North Pacific -Phase II (JARPN II) in 2003 (part I) – Offshore component –. Paper SC/56/O13 presented to the IWC
Scientific Committee, June 2004 (unpublished). 46pp.
Tamura, T., Fujise, Y., Mogoe, T., Kanda, N., Yasunaga, G., Konishi, K., Kiwada, H., Ogihara, M., Hasegawa, A.,
Kitajima, M, Sugiyama, T., Sasaki, T., Mori, M., Teraoka, T., Tsunekawa, M., Fukutome, K., Zharikov, K.A, NA,
Jong-Hun., Tohyama, D, Inagake, D. and Kawahara, S. 2005. Cruise Report of the Japanese Whale Research Program
under Special Permit in the western North Pacific -Phase II (JARPN II) in 2004 (part I) – Offshore component –.
Paper SC/57/O3 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2005 (unpublished). 33pp
Tamura, T., Otani, S., Kiwada, H., Mori, M., Konishi, K., Isoda, T., Wada, A., Ogihara, M., Hasegawa, A., Kumagai, S.,
Komatsu, W., Hayasaka, K., Fukutome, M., Siozaki, M., Zharikov, K.A, NA, Jong-Hun., Ogawa, T, Watanabe, H.,
Yonezaki, S, Inagake, D. and Kawahara, S. 2006. Cruise report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research
Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2005 – Offshore component –. Paper
SC/58/O8 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2006 (unpublished). 52pp
Yatsu, A., Nishida, H., Tomosada, A., Kinoshita, T. and Wada, T. 2001. Trajectories of catch and stock abundance ofdominant small pelagic fishes and common squid with some related environmental indices around Japan. PICES Sci.
Rep. 18: 175-8.
Zenitani, R., Fujise, Y., Matsuoka, K., Tamura, T., Bando, T., Ichihashi, H., Shimokawa, T., Krasnenko, A.S., TaguchiF., Kinoshita, T., Mori, M., Watanabe, M., Ichinomiya, D., Nakamura, M., Sakai, K., Matsuzaka, K., Kamei, H. andTohyama, D. 1999. Cruise report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under a Special Permit in the North Pacificin 1998. Paper SC/51/RMP7 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 1999 (unpublished). 20pp

8

Table 1. Outline of 2006 JARPN II・ Whale sampling survey
Subarea
7

Research
periods
May 24-26

7, 8, 978
98
7May 27-July 19
May 27- June 4
June 5- 15
June 16-July 2
July 3- 15
July 16-19

54
9
11
17
13
4

NM, YS1, YS2 and K01

7

July 20-21

2

YS1, YS2, K01

Whale survey (Second period)

7, 8, 97
8
9July 22-August 16
July 22-24
July 25-27
July 28-August 16

26
3
3
20

NM, YS1, YS2 and K01

Total

7, 8, 9May 24-August 16

85

NM, YS1, YS2 and K01

Research
periods
May 16 - August 29

Days

Research
Sighting survey
Whale survey (First period)

Sighting survey

Days Research ships and remark( 3 ) YS1・ Sighting survey by Kyoshin Maru No.2
Research
Dedicated sighting survey

Subarea
7, 8, 9Remarks

106

Research base ship: Nisshin Maru (NM)
Sighting and Sampling vessels (SSVs) : Yushin Maru (YS1), Yushin Maru No.2 (YS2) and Kyo Maru No.1 (K01)
Sighting vessel (SV) : Kyoshin Maru No.2 (KS2)9Table 2. Searching distances made by the three sighting/sampling vessels (YS2, YS1 and K01) and sighting
vessels (KS2) in the 2006 JARPN II

SSVs
Sub-area

Period7

May 24-26

NSC
255.7

7, 8, 978
98
7May 27-July 19
May 27- June 4
June 5- 15
June 16-July 2
July 3- 15
July 16-19

4,933.5
1,134.1843.0
1,130.9
1,310.6
514.8

45.6
0.0
0.0
6.2
39.4
0.0

3,037.6
497.4
389.2
1,205.0
371.1
575.0

8,016.7
1,631.5
1,232.2
2,342.1
1,721.1
1,089.8

7

July 20-21

0.0

257.3

0.0

257.3

Whale survey (Second period)

7, 8, 97
8
9July 22-August 16
July 22-24
July 25-27
July 28-August 16

2,030.7
140.5
285.6
1,604.6

146.3
0.0
0.0
146.3

1,538.6
450.3
199.3
889.0

3,715.6
590.8
484.9
2,639.9

Total

7, 8, 97,219.9449.2

4,576.2

12,245.3

Sighting survey
Whale survey (First period)

Sighting survey

Searching distance (n.miles）
ASP
NSS
Combined
0.0
0.0
255.7

SV (KS2)

Dedicated sighting survey

Transit

Sub-area

Period

7,8,9

May 16 - Aug. 24

7

July 6 - July 11

128.5

Combined

May 16 - Aug. 29

5,541.7

10

Searching distance (n.miles）
ASP
5,413.2

Table 3. List of cetacean species and number of sightings (no. schools/no. individuals) made by threesighting/sampling vessels and research base in the 2006 JARPN II.
NSC
SecondarySch. Ind.

PrimarySch. Ind.

NSS
SecondarySch. Ind.

OE
SecondarySch. Ind.

PrimarySch. Ind.

Common minke whale

62

64

37

38

14

14

7

7

5

5

4

4

2

2

Like minke whale

2

2

3

3

4

4

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

Sei whale

101

147

41

62

36

51

20

29

10

34

1

3

0

0

Bryde's whale

60

78

23

32

41

50

8

11

1

1

0

0

0

0

Sperm whale

112

175

27

46

27

64

4

4

6

31

1

6

2

2

Blue whale

14

19

7

10

9

11

2

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

Fin whale

39

54

8

8

22

28

6

7

2

2

0

0

3

4

Humpback whale

28

36

5

5

13

18

4

4

6

7

2

2

0

0

Right whale

7

11

0

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

Cetacean species

PrimarySch. Ind.

Total
SecondarySch. Ind.

Total
Sch. Ind.

Common minke whale

81

50

131

Like minke whale

83

51

PrimarySch. Ind.

ASP
SecondarySch. Ind.

Cetacean species

134

7

7

3

3

10

10

Sei whale

147

232

62

94

209

326

Bryde's whale

102

129

31

43

133

172

Sperm whale

145

270

36

60

181

330

Blue whale

23

30

9

12

32

42

Fin whale

63

84

17

19

80

103

Humpback whale

47

61

11

11

58

72

Right whale

9

13

0

0

9

13

Table 4. List of cetacean species and number of sightings (no. schools/no. individuals) made by dedicated sighting
vessel (KS2) in the 2006 JARPN II.

Cetacean species
Common minke whale

ASP
Primary
SecondarySch. Ind.
Sch. Ind.
45
53
0
0

OE
SecondarySch. Ind.
1
1

PrimarySch. Ind.
45
53

Total
SecondarySch. Ind.
1
1

Total
Sch. Ind.
46
54

Like Common minke whale

2

2

0

0

0

0

2

2

0

0

2

2

Blue whale

18

29

1

1

3

3

18

29

4

4

22

33

Fin whale

22

32

1

1

3

3

22

32

4

4

26

36

Sei whale

133

238

0

0

4

6

133

238

4

6

137

244

Bryde's whale

10

15

0

0

0

0

10

15

0

0

10

15

Humpback whale

14

18

1

1

1

1

14

18

2

2

16

20

Northern right whale

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

Sperm whale

94

183

5

8

19

29

94

183

24

37

118

220

Unidentified large cetacean

6

6

8

10

12

16

6

6

20

26

26

32

Unidentified cetacean

28

29

0

0

2

2

28

29

2

2

30

31

11

Table 5. Summary of whale sampling in the 2006 JARPN II
Research typeSub-area

Whale survey (First period)

7, 8, 978
98
7Research
periods
May 27-July 19
May 27- June 4
June 5- 15
June 16-July 2
July 3- 15
July 16-19

7, 8, 978
97, 8, 9July 22-August 16
July 22-24
July 25-27
July 28-August 16
May 27-August 16

Whale survey (Second period)

Total

12

Whale samples
Common minke
Sei
Bryde's
75
67
37
27
1
0

Sperm
5
0

26
10

19
20

0
21

0
3

11
1

24
3

11
5

2
0

25
10
1
14
100

33
1
5
27
100

13
0
0
13
50

1
0
0
1
6

Table 6. Summary of biological data obtained in the 2006 JARPN II

Common minke

Samples and dataM
93
Body length and sex
93
External body proportion
93
Photographic record and external character
93
Diatom film record
93Standard measurements of blubber thickness (five points)
16
Detailed measurements of blubber thickness (eleven points)
93
Body weight
16
Body weight by parts
93
Blubber tissues for DNA study
Blubber, muscle, liver and kidney tissues for heavy metal analysis 93
Blubber, muscle, liver and kidney tissues for organochlorines analy 93
16
Tissues for lipid analysis
93
Tissues for various analysis
0Intestine contents for prey species identification
93
Tissues for virus test
Mammary grand; lactation status, measurement and histological sam00Collection of maternal milk sample
0
Uterine horn; measurement and endometrium sample
0Collection of ovary0
Photographic record of foetus
0
Foetal sex (identified by visual observation)
0
Foetal length and weight0
External measurements of foetus
0
Foetal tissues for various analysis
93
Testis and epididymis; weight and histological sample
93
Collection of plasma sample
83
Collection of whole blood sample
0Whole blood samples from umbilical cord
93
Stomach content, conventional record
93
Volume and weight of stomach content in each compartment
93
Stomach contents for feeding study
93
Record of external parasites
0Collection of external parasites
93
Record of internal parasites
0Collection of internal parasites
93
Earplug for age determination
93
Tympanic bulla for age determination0
Maxillally teeth for age determination
Largest baleen plate for morphologic study and age determination 93
92
Baleen plate measurements (length and breadth)91
Length of each baleen plate series
93
Vertebral epiphyses sample
16
Number of vertebrae
93
Number of ribs
16
Brain weight93
Skull measurement (length and breadth)

13

F
7
7
7
7
7
2
7
2
7
7
7
2
7
0
7
7
0
7
7
4
4
4
4
4
0
7
7
0
7
7
7
7
1
7
0
7
7
0
7
7
7
7
2
7
2
7

T
100
100
100
100
100
18
100
18
100
100
100
18
100
0
100
7
0
7
7
4
4
4
4
4
93
100
90
0
100
100
100
100
1
100
0
100
100
0
100
99
98
100
18
100
18
100

Sei whale

Bryde's whale

Sperm whale

M F T
48 52 100
48 52 100
48 52 100
48 52 100
48 52 100
9 11 2048 52 100
9 11 2048 52 100
48 52 100
48 52 100
9 11 2048 52 1000 0 0
48 52 100
0 52 52
0 6 6
0 52 52
0 52 52
0 26 26
0 26 26
0 26 26
0 26 26
0 26 26
48 0 48
47 52 99
47 52 99
0 21 2148 52 100
48 52 100
48 52 100
48 52 100
3 2 5
48 52 100
0 1 1
48 52 100
48 52 1000 0 0
48 52 100
48 52 100
48 52 100
48 52 100
9 11 2048 52 100
9 11 2048 52 100

M F T
21 29 50
21 29 50
21 29 50
21 29 50
21 29 50
7 5 1221 29 50
7 5 1221 29 50
21 29 50
21 29 50
7 5 1221 29 50
0 0 0
21 29 50
0 29 29
0 3 3
0 29 29
0 29 29
0 13 13
0 12 12
0 13 13
0 12 12
0 12 1221 0 21
21 29 50
21 29 50
0 4 4
21 29 50
21 29 50
21 29 50
21 29 50
4 1 5
21 29 50
0 1 1
21 29 50
21 29 50
0 0 0
21 29 50
21 29 50
20 29 49
21 29 50
7 5 1221 29 50
7 5 1221 29 50

M
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2

F
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
2
4
0
4
4
2
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
0
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
0
4
4
0
0
0
4
4
4
2
4

T
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
6
6
6
4
6
0
6
4
2
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
6
5
0
6
6
6
6
2
6
6
0
6
6
0
0
0
6
6
6
4
6

Table 7. Compositon of sex and sexual maturity of common minke whales collected by the 2006 JARPN II
Sub-area
7
8
9CombinedImm.
14(36.8)
6(15.8)
1(4.2)
21(21.0)

Male
Mat. Unknown Total
191
34(50.0)(2.6)(89.5)
26
4
36(68.4)(10.5)(94.7)
193
23(79.2)(12.5)(95.8)
648
93(64.0)(8.0)(93.0)

Imm
2
(5.3)
0
(0.0)
1
(4.2)
3
(3.0)

Ovu.
0
(0.0)
0
(0.0)
0
(0.0)
0
(0.0)

FemaleCombined
Rest. Preg. Total02438(0.0) (5.3) (10.5) (100.0)02238(0.0) (5.3) (5.3) (100.0)00124(0.0) (0.0) (4.2) (100.0)
0
4
7
100
(0.0) (4.0) (7.0) (100.0)

Sex ratio(% males)89.5

Maturity
Male Female
55.9 50.0

Pregnancy
rate*)
100.0

94.7

72.2

100.0

100.0

95.8

82.6

0.0

-

93.0

68.8

57.1

100.0

*) Apparent pregnancy rate

Table 8. Compositon of sex and sexual maturity of Bryde’s whales collected by the 2006 JARPN II
Sub-area
7
8
9Combined

Male
Imm. Mat. Total
12
3(20.0) (40.0) (60.0)
3
5
8(27.3) (45.5) (72.7)
4
6
10(11.8) (17.6) (29.4)
8
13
21(16.0) (26.0) (42.0)

Imm
1(20.0)
1(9.1)
6(17.6)
8(16.0)

FemaleCombined
Ovu Rest. Preg. Lact. Preg&Lact Total
0
1
0
0
0
2
5
(0.0) (20.0) (0.0) (0.0)(0.0)(40.0) (100.0)
0
0
1
0
1
3
11
(0.0) (0.0) (9.1) (0.0)(9.1)(27.3) (100.0)
2
5
10
0
1
24
34
(5.9) (14.7) (29.4) (0.0)(2.9)(70.6) (100.0)
2
6
11
0
2
29
50
(4.0) (12.0) (22.0) (0.0)(4.0)(58.0) (100.0)

Sex ratio(% males)
60.0

MaturityPregnancy
Male Female
rate*)
66.7 50.0
0.0

72.7

62.5

66.7

100.0

29.4

-

75.0

61.1

42.0

61.9

72.4

61.9

*) Apparent pregnancy rate

Table 9. Compositon of sex and sexual maturity of sei whales collected by the 2006 JARPN II
Sub-area
7
8
9Combined

Male
Imm. Mat. Total
1
1
2(20.0) (20.0) (40.0)
915
24(18.8) (31.3) (50.0)
913
22(19.1) (27.7) (46.8)
1929
48(19.0) (29.0) (48.0)

Imm
1(20.0)
6(12.5)
6(12.8)
13(13.0)

FemaleOvu Rest. Preg. Lact.
0200(0.0) (40.0) (0.0) (0.0)02
114(0.0) (4.2) (22.9) (8.3)03
142(0.0) (6.4) (29.8) (4.3)0
725
6(0.0) (7.0) (25.0) (6.0)*) Apparent pregnancy rate

14

Combined
Preg&Lact

0
(0.0)
1
(2.1)
0
(0.0)
1
(1.0)

Total
3
(60.0)
24(50.0)
25(53.2)
52(52.0)

5(100.0)48(100.0)47(100.0)100(100.0)Sex ratio(% males)40.0

MaturityPregnancy
Male Female
rate*)
50.0 66.7
0.0

50.0

62.5

75.0

88.9

46.8

59.1

76.0

84.2

48.0

60.4

75.0

82.1

Table 10. Statistics of body length (m) of minke whales collected by the 2006 JARPN II
Sub area
7

Mean S.D.
6.69 1.13

Male
Min
4.04

n
34

FemaleMean S.D. Min Max
6.95 0.85 5.88 7.64

Max
8.11

n
4

8

7.28

0.63

5.46

8.06

36

8.02

0.20

7.88

8.16

2

9

7.53

0.38

6.29

8.07

23

5.39

NA

5.39

5.39

1

Combined

7.13

0.87

4.04

8.11

93

7.03

1.07

5.39

8.16

7

Table 11. Statistics of body length (m) of Bryde’s whales collected by the 2006 JARPN II
Sub area7

Male
Mean S.D. Min Max
12.05 1.05 10.85 12.79

n3

FemaleMean S.D. Min Max
11.51 0.83 10.92 12.10

n
2

8

11.86

0.86

10.54 12.88

8

11.86

2.56

8.91

13.35

3

9

11.66

0.99

9.39

13.08

10

12.06

1.26

8.86

13.57

24

Combined

11.79

0.91

9.39

13.08

21

11.99

1.35

8.86

13.57

29

Table 12. Statistics of body length (m) of sei whales collected by the 2006 JARPN II
Sub area7

Male
Mean S.D. Min Max
13.50 0.83 12.91 14.09

n2

FemaleMean S.D. Min Max
13.23 0.63 12.53 13.75

n
3

8

13.02

1.42

8.06

14.53

24

14.00

1.26

11.46 16.32

24

9

12.71

1.42

9.72

14.50

22

13.94

1.19

11.44 15.93

25

Combined

12.90

1.39

8.06

14.53

48

13.93

1.20

11.44 16.32

52

Table 13. Statistics of body length (m) of sperm whales collected by the 2006 JARPN II
Sub area
7

Mean
NA

S.D.
NA

Male
Min
NA

Max
NA

n
0

Mean
NA

FemaleS.D. Min Max
NA
NA
NA

8

12.41

NA

12.41 12.41

1

12.65

NA

12.65 12.65

1

9

11.65

NA

11.65 11.65

1

9.98

0.81

9.07

10.63

3

Combined

12.03

0.54

11.65 12.41

2

10.65

1.49

9.07

12.65

4

15

n
0

Table 14. Prey species and stomach contents weight (1st. + 2nd. stomachs) found in stomach of common minke,
Bryde's, sei and sperm whales sampled by the 2006 JARPN II

Common minke whale (Broken 6; Empty 17)
Prey species
Krill
Fish

Pacific saury
Japanese anchovy
Walleye pollock
Chub mackerel
Japanese pomfretSalmonidae*
Japanese sardine**: Minor prey species

N(Dominant)
4
31
38
2
1
1

Range of weight (kg)in the stomachs
1.6 - 16.7
0.02 - 121.2
1.0 - 123.3
3.8 - 5.2
88.5
38.5

N
(Dominant)15
4
10

Range of weight (kg)in the stomachs
2.3 - 172.3
30.1 - 413.3
0.8 - 74.2

N
(Dominant)
14
10
7
29

Range of weight (kg)in the stomachs
1.0 - 46.8
1.6 - 201.3
0.5 - 240.1
0.6 - 903.2-

Bryde's whale (Broken 1; Empty 20)
Prey species
Krill
Fish

Krill
Japanese anchovy
Oceanic lightfish
Chub mackerel*Japanese sardine**: Minor prey species

Sei whale (Broken 6; Empty 34)
Prey species
Copepods
Krill
Fish

Neocalanus spp.

Pacific saury
Japanese anchovy
Oceanic lightfish*
Japanese sardine**: Minor prey species

16

Table 15. Summary of biopsy skin sampling for baleen whales in the 2006 JARPN II

Whalespecies

Ship

NumberTargeted Number Number Numberofindividualsofofof
experiments
shootshits
samples
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Effort(hr)(F)

sampleper
trial(E)/(C)

sampleperhit(E)/(D)Blue whale SSVs

9

10

20

8

3

0

0.15

0.38

Fin whale

SSVs

1

1

1

0

0

0

0.00

-

Humpback
SSVs
whale

4

4

4

1

1

0

0.25

1.00

Right whale SSVs

7

8

6

1

1

0

0.17

1.00

Table 16. Summary of photo ID for baleen whales in the 2006 JARPN II

Whalespecies

Ship

Numberofexperiments(A)

Targeted
individuals(B)

Numberofphotos(C)

Blue whale

SSVs

10

11

48

Humpback
whale

SSVs

3

3

12

Right whale

SSVs

10

14

58

17

9N
7N

8N

7MI 7MO
8S
7SI

9S

7SO

Fig 1. Map showing the research area and strata of the JARPN II full-scale program.

Fig. 2. Track-line covered by the three sighting/sampling vessels (SSVs) during the whale survey of the 2006
JARPN II (Red line: BC mode; Blue line: BS mode).

18

Fig. 3. Track-line covered by the three sighting/sampling vessels (SSVs) during the special
survey (SMS) of the 2006 JARPN II (Red line: BC mode; Blue line: BS mode).

Fig. 4. Track-line covered by the sighting vessel (SV: KS2) in the 2006 JARPN II.

19

Fig. 5. Positions of the sightings and samplings of the common minke whales by SSVs(●: sighted and sampled, 〇: sighted only).

Fig. 6. Positions of the sightings and samplings of the Bryde’s whales by SSVs(◆: sighted and sampled, ◇: sighted only).

20

Fig. 7. Positions of the sightings and samplings of the sei whales by SSVs(■: sighted and sampled, □: sighted only).

Fig. 8. Positions of the sightings and samplings of the sperm whales by SSVs(▼: sighted and sampled, ▽: sighted only).

21

Fig. 9. Positions of the sightings of the Blue whales by SSVs (□)

Fig. 10. Positions of the sightings of the fin whales by SSVs (□)

22

Fig. 11. Positions of the sightings of the humpback whales by SSVs (〇).

Fig. 12. Positions of the sightings of the right whales by SSVs (〇).

23

Fig. 13. Positions of the sightings of common minke, Bryde’s, sei and sperm whales in dedicated sighting survey
by KS2 (〇: minke, ◇: Bryde’s, □: sei, ▽: sperm)

Fig. 14. Positions of the sightings of humpback and fin whales in dedicated sighting survey by KS2(〇: humpback, □: fin).

24

Fig. 15. Positions of the sightings of blue and right whales in dedicated sighting survey by KS2(□: blue, 〇: right).

25

Appendex.1. The satellite tagging of a Bryde’s whale in the western North Pacific(Tamura, T. and Nishiwaki, S)

Abstract

One Bryde’s whale tagged with an argos transmitter (Telonics, INC. USA) was tracked in the western North Pacificfrom 13 to 27 July. The Bryde’s whale with an estimated body length of 12.5m, was tagged on 13 July 2006, at 37-37N,
156-10E from the Yushin Maru No.2. The surface water temperature was 17.3 degree. This individuals was a motherswimming together with a calf (estimated body length was 8.7m). We received their position information from thesatellite for a period of two weeks. After the satellite tag was attached, the animal moved southwest. The travelling
distance was estimated to be approximately 650 naut. miles (1,170 km) in the two week period.

Fig. 1. The Bryde’s whale with the satellite tag attached.

50N

45N

40N
13 July 2006

35N

30N
27 July 2006

25N
140E

145E

150E

155E

160E

165E

Fig. 2. Track of the Bryde’s whale 13 to 27 July in the western North Pacific.

26

170E