Human-Centered Smart City Development
Tak NAGUMO
Executive Director
Smart City Institute Japan
February 18, 2021

Society 5.0•••

Convergence between cyber and physical spaces
Resolving economic and social problems
Human-Centricity

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Smart City Reference Architecture
Society 5.0 Architecture

Smart City Reference Architecture

https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/stmain/a-whitepaper1_200331_en.pdf

2Smart City Reference Architecture

https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/stmain/a-whitepaper1_200331_en.pdf

3Going Beyond Silo – “PPPP” to Overcome Fragmentation
Government-Funded Smart City Proof of Concept Projects

Smart City Public-Private Partnership Platform

http://translate.google.co.jp/translate?hl=ja&sl=ja&tl=en&u=http://www.mlit.go.jp/scpf/about

4Emergence of Smart City Architect as Cornerstone Position◼ System thinking that seeks a holistic view and relationships between disciplines

Laws and Regulations…

Communication

Civic Tech

Community Design

Business Promotion

Public Policy

Data Science

System Engineering

Architect

Urban Design

Smart City Goals and Objectives for Citizens

Architect5

City Operating System (OS) - Data Linkage Platform◼ Super City is a city where we aim to improve welfare and convenience by providing various
services to residents, etc., centering on the “Data Linkage Platform” (City-OS) that collects,organizes and provides various data across fields.

Source: https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/tiiki/kokusentoc/supercity/supercityforum2019/AboutSuperCityInitiative.pdf

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“Super City Open Lab” to Promote Collective Action & Impact◼ 209 organizations are registered in the Super City Open Lab (as of 28 December, 2020).
Architecture
Orchestration

ServiceApplications

City OS
Networks
Infrastructure

Sensors
https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/tiiki/kokusentoc/supercity/supercity.pdf

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How Do We Improve Citizens’ Well-Being through Building Smart Cities?
Improvement of Well-Being
Human and SocietyEnterprise-Driven

Community-Driven

Government-Driven

Emphasized values (community social contracts) based on local identity, regional characteristics, historical background, etc.
CityspecificNationwide(In addition to the Nationwide Liveable Well-Being City Index, each city sets its own KPI)
Employment

Transpiration

Shopping/
foodResidential
environment

Publicspace

Regulatory Reform

Finance andsettlement

Digital CapitalCashless
Digital currency
Regional currency

Manufacture Transportation
Tourismandlogistics
Connected industry
Immune certification
Smart factoryAutomatic operationand delivery

Congestion predication
application

Congestion prediction
application

Body temperature
sensorUse of data bycompanies

Agriculture,forestry, andfisheries

Corporate consortium＋Child rearing
andcompulsory

Highereducation

Environment Education andand resources
cultureAir pollution sensor
Sewage sensor

Agriculture robots

Decentralized power
generation and smart
grid

Trust
(information bank)

Safety andsecurity

Medicalcare andhealthNursingcare andwelfare…

Mindset Change

Smart agriculture

Drone agriculture

In-vehicle infection alert

Connection
withcommunities

Naturalenvironment

Remote educationTreatment andeducation support
application
EduTechDisaster
Medical careprevention
and welfareand mitigation Remote diagnostic
Disaster prevention
sensors and apps
Infectious diseases
information app andsensor

Platform cooperatives

Electronic prescription
Electronic medical
record /PHR
AI diagnosis
Digital medical
cooperation
eHealthDigital
government
E-authentication
E-signature
E-application
E-voting
GovTechOpen Data or operated by country

Processing / complex （included/ anonymous) data trading (secondary market)

Social Natural
capital capital

Decentralized smart city
（デジタル田園都市構想等）

A city and office where social distancecan be secure (walkable city and streetterrace)

Reconsider of theglobal supply chain(self-sufficiently)

Social infrastructure suitable for dealing with
infectious diseases (examination, hospital/ bed,infection alert, medihotel, sewageinspection)）

Redefining the relationship and boundaries between the natural environmentand city (human society) and reformulate ecosystems

Regional units for the circular economy Environmentally focused social(broad-based administration)
infrastructure(Regional recycling coexistence(Renewable energy and greenmodel)
infrastructure)

Restoration of the natural environment and ecology through circular
economy and tree planting activities（Regeneration)

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Introduced RMIT’s Liveability Indicators to Japanese Cities

96 City Types, Subjective & Objective, Drill-Down to KPI Level….
6 City Types

Subjective & Objective

KPIs

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Tokyo 23 Wards Type: Japanese capital with convenient and full of jobs
but seemingly overcrowded
Objective

Tokyo 23 wards have the greatest differences between sectors. It is convenient to travel and shop, has employment opportunities, and wellequipped parks and schools. However, the land prices are high, the number of medical and welfare facilities per population is low, and thefacilities are crowded.

Subjective

The subjective and objective data do not correlate in terms of the level of medical facilities and natural environment. While the city has a goodlevel of employment and various public facilities, it has received a severe evaluation regarding its quietness and cost of living, creating an
impression of an overcrowded city.
Shibuya Ward

Chiyoda Ward

Average of Tokyo 23 ward
Residential environment
Employment

Residential environment

Employment

Public spaceConnection
with community

Safety andsecurity

Child rearing andcompulsory education

Transportation

Nursing care and welfare
Objective：50.3
Subjective：55.8

Employment

Connection
with community

Naturalenvironment

Higher education

Shopping and food
買物・食糧

Naturalenvironment

Child rearing andcompulsory
education

Medical careand healthObjective：50.6
Subjective：53.9

Connection
with community

Safety andsecurity
Naturalenvironment

Higher education
Child rearing andcompulsory education
Nursing care and welfare
Objective：55.0
Subjective：58.9

Mean aberration
value

Objective
Subjective
SubjectiveObjective

Residential
Safety andNatural
Shopping
environment Public space security environment Transpiration and foodTotal

50.6
53.9

28.4
43.5

59.0
50.8

52.0
53.9

49.1
32.9

57.7
64.5

53.0
56.0

3.3

15.0

-8.2

1.9

-16.1

6.8

3.0

Nursing careand welfare

Child rearing
andcompulsory
education

42.1
59.6

41.5
53.4

59.0
54.9

17.4

11.9

-4.1

Transportation
Mean aberration Medical carevalueand health
買物・食糧
Shoppingand food

Medical care and health

Minato Ward

Open Data（Objective）
Questionnaire（Subjective）

Public space

Objective
Subjective
SubjectiveObjective

Naturalenvironment

Child rearing andTransportation
compulsory
education
Shopping and food
買物・食糧
Nursing careand welfare
Medical care and healthObjective：50.8
Subjective：59.7

Shopping
買物・食糧and foodResidential environment
Employment

Safety andsecurity

Higher education

Transportation

Nursing careand welfare

Public space

Connection
with community

Safety and security

Highereducation

Medical care and health

Bunkyo Ward

Residential environment

Public space

Connection
withcommunity

Employment

61.5
60.4

46.7
55.7

57.3
61.4

-1.1

9.0

4.1

Highereducation

Residential environment
Employment

Public space

Connection
with community

Safety andsecurity
Naturalenvironment

Higher education

Child rearing andcompulsory
education

Transportation

Nursing care and welfareObjective：49.9
Subjective：57.5

買物・食糧
Shopping and food

Medical care and health11

Detailed Example（Tokyo 23 Wards）

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Detailed Example（Tourist City Type）

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Next Steps
1. Select Super Cities （May-June, 2021)

2. Refine smart city architect concept and introduce a training program for architect-to-be
3. Implement the city O/S to expand connected cities

4. Advance “non-digital know-how” (City Management) to be covered in a new Guidebook
5. Reform laws & regulations to accelerate DX

6. Focus on actual everyday living areas and greater regions, beyond cities or municipalities
7. Further adapt new normal and focus on resilience, i.e., green deal and Covid-19 …

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Thank You◼ Contact
Email: takehiko.nagumo@murc.jp

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/takehikonagumo/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/takehiko.nagumo
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TakehikoNagumo◼ Smart City Institute of Japan (SCI-J)
https://www.sci-japan.or.jp/english/index.html

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