An Operators Tool for Advanced
Synchrotron Injection Diagnostics

W. Bayer, G. Fröhlich, W. Kaufmann, U. Scheeler, P. Schütt,
Ch. Wetzel
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbHDarmstadt– WAO 2010, Daejeon, South Korea –13. April 2010

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Overview

1Introduction to GSI

2Main Control Room3

Why & How of Developing a Tool for Injection Diagnostics
Beam Injection to SISBeam Diagnostics
History & Challenges of Development

4

SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software & ResultsExamples of Beam Setup
Examples of Monitoring

5Conclusion

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Introduction to GSI

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Introduction to GSI

presently > 1.000 employees
foundation in 1969

about 250 in accelerator division

construction & operation of accelerators,
research with accelerated heavy ions23 operators (incl. shift supervisors)
3 people on shift, 3 shifts per day

giant equipment: accelerators & experimental detectors
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Accelerators at GSI

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Accelerators at GSI

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SchwerIonen (Heavy Ion) Synchrotron SIS 18- acceleration of ions from p to U
- maximum energies:
p → 4 GeV/ u, i. e. β = 0.98
20 Ne10+→ 2 GeV/ u, i. e. β = 0.95
238 U73+→ 1 GeV/ u, i. e. β = 0.88

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SchwerIonen (Heavy Ion) Synchrotron SIS 18- acceleration of ions from p to U
- maximum energies:
p → 4 GeV/ u, i. e. β = 0.98
20 Ne10+→ 2 GeV/ u, i. e. β = 0.95
238 U73+→ 1 GeV/ u, i. e. β = 0.88
- injection energy: 11.1 - 11.5 MeV/ u- revolution time at injection: ∼ 4.6 µs- injection time: up to 160 µs- injection scheme:
multiturn/ multi-multiturn- ∼ 165 micro pulses @ 36 MHz per turn

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Main Control Room

G. Otto, GSI

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Main Control Room

G. Otto, GSI

Main part of SIS console

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Operation of SIS
Maximisation of Beam Intensity During Beam Setup
optimisation of focusing & steering along transfer channel (TK)
observation of beam intensity measured by a phase probe

Longitudinal Optimisations
adjustment of injection energy
energy spread of UNILAC: ±100 keV/u
acceptance of SIS: ±23 keV/u
adaption of bunch length with 2 bunchers
observation of Schottky signals

Monitoring
beam intensity
∆p/p
...

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Beam Diagnostics

Phase probe of SIS
Schottky pick-up of SIS
Schematic overview of DAQ

Advantest R3132 Spectrum Analyzer 9 kHz - 3 GHz

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. . . Beam Diagnostics

For Usage During Normal Operation . . .
development of front-end software to setup SA & DAQ
requirements:
simplification of operation
suitability for monitoring

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. . . Beam Diagnostics

For Usage During Normal Operation . . .
development of front-end software to setup SA & DAQ
requirements:
simplification of operation
suitability for monitoring

Boundary Conditions
front-end software must run on VMS (in future Linux)
programming language Fortran95 (preferably)
GUI development in X11/Motif (widget-set & widget construction tool to build
code developed in-house)
GUI intuitively operable
look of new GUI similar to existent ones

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History of Development

1989 – 1990: comissioning of SIS (high sensitve intensity measurement & Schottkyscans with phase probe)
1990/ 1991: installation of dedicated Schottky pick-up probe & adequate DAQup to 2005: Schottky analysis as expert tool mainly for machine development

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History of Development

1989 – 1990: comissioning of SIS (high sensitve intensity measurement & Schottkyscans with phase probe)
1990/ 1991: installation of dedicated Schottky pick-up probe & adequate DAQ
up to 2005: Schottky analysis as expert tool mainly for machine development
since 2001 upgrade measures to increase beam intensity
improvement of beam quality ⇒ increased quality of machine setup
mid 2005: decision Schottky analysis for non-experts

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History of Development

1989 – 1990: comissioning of SIS (high sensitve intensity measurement & Schottkyscans with phase probe)
1990/ 1991: installation of dedicated Schottky pick-up probe & adequate DAQ
up to 2005: Schottky analysis as expert tool mainly for machine development
since 2001 upgrade measures to increase beam intensity
improvement of beam quality ⇒ increased quality of machine setup
mid 2005: decision Schottky analysis for non-experts
mid 2006: 1st version of SIS-BeamDiagnostics software
2006 – 2009: testing phase; acquisition of requests for modifications
1st half-year 2009: revision of software
since mid 2009: more & more usage of software during operation

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Challenges During Development

essential topics of 1st specification not realised as main control software of SIS is moreor less standalone software
GUI in parts not realised as specified due to limited possibilities of VMS, X11/Motiv &widget-set
communication with Advantest 3132 SA via GPIB difficult, not all commands work
main problem: Advantest 3132 SA cannot be set into local operation mode via GPIB
command (contrary to manual)
shift-work of DAQ developer impeded communication with software developer
software development additionally slowed down due to low priority work (→ no officialrequest)

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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software

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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software

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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Intensity Measurement

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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Intensity Measurement⇒ much higher sensitivity than that of a beam current transformer
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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Schottky Analysis

Additional measurement mode for evaluation of ∆p/p
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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Schottky Analysis

Additional measurement mode for evaluation of ∆p/p
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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Monitoring of Stripper Foils
Unused foil

Sweeper foil after use
with swept beam

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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Monitoring of Stripper Foils
Unused foil

Sweeper foil after use
with swept beam

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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Monitoring of Stripper Foils
Unused foil

Sweeper foil after use
with swept beam

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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Monitoring of Stripper Foils
Unused foil

Sweeper foil after use
with swept beam

Sweeper foil after use
with kicked beam

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SIS-BeamDiagnostics Software – Monitoring of e− Cooling

due to electron cooling beam energy is changes to that of the cooler
momentum spread is minimized
Schottky analysis gives information about interaction region of e− & ion beam

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Conclusion

Yes, we can. . .

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Conclusion

Yes, we can. . .
development successfull
measurement & monitoring tools often used by non-experts
quality of beam delivery increased
but . . .
was a good piece of work & took longer than estimatedlarge commitment on side of operation group to fulfill most of needs
several revision steps needed
now it is known what could have been done better/ different

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Thank you for your attention!
Thanks to W. Barth, P. Forck, M. Kaiser, B. Kindler, P. Kowina& main control room crew for support of pictures etc.

Questions . . .

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Appendix

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Overview – Appendix

6

The Control System

7

Principle of Schottky Analysis
Theory & Measurement for 1 Particle
Transfer to n Particle

8

Research at GSI

9UNILAC

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The Control SystemBoundary Conditions for Developmentscomponents predominantly in-house developments
communication of devices mainly via MIL-STD-1553 (MIL-Bus)data processing mainly via control units & group µ processors
dedicated beam diagnostics communicate also via RS232, IEEE, LAN, . . .
for dedicated measurements still analog signals are necessary
but of course usage of digital measurement equipment, too
front-end software must run on VMS (in future Linux)
programming language Fortran95 (preferably)
GUI development in X11/Motif (widget-set & widget constuction tool to build
code developed in-house)
GUI intuitively operable
look of new GUI similar to existent ones,→ Appendix
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Principle of Schottky Analysis – Coasting Beam,→ Appendix
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Principle of Schottky Analysis – Coasting Beam,→ Appendix
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Research at GSI,→ Appendix
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UNIversal Linear ACcelerator UNILAC
Alvarez DTL– 5 independent rf-tanks + 2 re-bunchers– 108 MHz, 50 Hz, 5 ms
– 192 rf-cells– fixed phase acceleration– rf-phase: -30◦ (1st 3 tanks), -25◦ (last ones)– end energy: 11.4 MeV/uInjectors
High Current Injector (HSI)– high current ion source (MUCIS/ MEVVA), 5 Hz & 1 ms
– Penning ion source (PIG), 50 Hz & 5 ms
– injection energy: 2.2 keV/u– acceleration/ bunching by 1 RFQ & 2 IH structures– end energy: 1.4 MeV/u– rf operation at 36 MHz– increase of charge state by gas stripper– 10 single gap resonators to adapt energy– increase of charge state by foil stripper for
SIS in transfer channel (TK)Timing for beam transport to SIS 18

High Charge Injector (HLI)– ECR ion source, 5 Hz & 1 ms
– injection energy: 2.2 keV/u– acceleration/ bunching by 1 RFQ & 1 IH structure– rf operation at 108 MHz– end energy: 1.4 MeV/u,→ Appendix
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