January 2012 No.58
Japanese Infrastructure Newsletter

IDI QUARTERLYInfrastructure

Development

Institute—JAPANIn【Buket Crusher(FU-70)】

BeforeOut

After

Bucket Crusher (FU-70)(Recycling Crusher Runner (Detachable))C O N T E N T S
The 13th Infrastructure Technology Development Award 2011
Bucket Crusher (FU-70)

2

SWE – SSRT (Seismic While Excavating using SSRT)

4

Sub Marine Cleaner (SMC) Method

6

The restorations from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Ten months have passed since the huge quake hit East Japan

Infrastructure Development Institute – Japan (IDI)
New Kojimachi Bldg, 5-3-23, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, JAPAN
Tel: +81-3-3263-7813 Fax: +81-3-3230-4030 E-Mail: 1bu05@idi.or.jp Homepage: http://www.idi.or.jp/english/00index.htm

9Infrastructure Development Institute - JapanThe 13th Infrastructure Technology Development Award 2011
The Japan Institute of Construction Engineering

prizes.

(JICE) was established as a public interest corporation

They are the five excellence prizes, “Building ofto promote construction engineering in Japan by

Ridged-frame Viaduct with Half Precast Method (Theconducting cutting-edge research and development

method elevating the track directly above the operating

activities.

railway)”, “New Technique to Detect Layers De-bonding

As more incentives should be provided for construction

with Infrared Imaging for Airport Asphalt Pavement”,

technology researchers and research institutes to“Bucket Crusher (FU-70) (Recycling Crusher Runnerenhance the level of construction engineering more

(Detachable))”, “SWE-SSRT（Seismic While Excavating

effectively, JICE commenced Infrastructure Technology

using SSRT）(The shallow seismic reflection survey

Development

Development

ahead of tunnel face using tunnel excavating blasts as

Institute of Technology (CDIT) under the auspices ofthe seismic source)” and “Sub Marine Cleaner (SMC)

the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andMethod (Sealed Absorption Type Bottom Sediment

Tourism(MLIT).

Removal Equipment)”.

NineteenAwardtechnologies

with

Coastalcompeted

for

the

13th

Two of the excellence prizes were introduced in the

Infrastructure Development Award. In principle, theprevious issue of IDI Quarterly (No.57) and other three

applicants’ technologies should have been developed

prize technologies are introduced below.

within the past five years and applied to the real sites

For any inquiries/ comments please contact JICE :within the past three years.

Homepage: http://www.jice.or.jp/

As a result of examination, institutes and researchers(Japanese version only)with the following technologies were awarded 13th

E-Mail: webmaster@jice.or.jp

Bucket Crusher (FU-70)
Recycling Crusher Runner (Detachable)
1. Develop & Research background and opportunity
The construction industry has done its duty to therecycling-based society. More than the contribution it
brought to the society, the reduction to environmentalload and construction costs are also required nowadays.
Especially lots of concrete buildings built during theperiod of high economic growth need to be rebuilt,
which would cause more and more industrial trash.
Under such a situation, we began to research anddevelop this attachment to any type of excavators
which is used to crush the stone to make themJanuary 2012 No.58

Picture 1, Bucket Crusher (FU-70)

2

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan
recyclable in 2006. With this attachment, it is possibleof aggregate produced and stable machine capacity

for anyone to make the disposed concrete becomewith limited output.

recycling material and reuse them immediately on site.

The concrete husks pulled down conventionally on theThis new technical achieve the expectation to reduce

spot are taken out of the spot by dumping track.

the costs and also to protect the environment.

Although the aggregate (macadam) used on the sitewaspurchased from the outside of the site and was

2. Contents of technology

constructed,

everyonecan

producetherecycled

Upon the development of mechanical power sources for

aggregate simply in the construction site without

the Backhoe's removable-type reclaimed aggregatechoosing the backhoe which becomes the source of

manufacturing machine and focus on usability andpower, by using the method of construction that thisconvenience ,we adopt without using the V-belts, thetechnology is used. It makes it possible to use as thedrive shaft is directly connected to the hydraulic motor

sub-base material of a road, the basic material of aso as to do power transmission directly to keep quality

structure, back-filling material, and back-fill material.

Work Flow (Use as Sub-base Course Material)

2

1
Before Demolition

Demolishing

3

4
Application

On-site Production

1. Before Demolition

Concrete Construction

2. Demolishing

Under 350mm Demolishing

3. On-site Production

Crusher Run between 20mm – 90mm

4. Application

backfilling material, Ground sill, Sub-base course material

January 2012 No.58

Diagram 1, Work Flow, Work Process3

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan

3. The effects of this techniqueAccording to the technique, the machine usage can bepromoted at a construction site thanks to many
possibilities.
These possibilities are as below:
・reduction of construction cost because of declining of
concrete wastes transportation to outside and ofpurchasing aggregate (crushedstone)

・decreasing of traffic jam and accident
・improvement of residential area in vibration and noise・cost reduction of road maintenancePicture 2, Producing Crusher Run On Site・reduction of automobile exhaust

construction in Bikuni Gyoko-kita, Hokaido during Dec

4. Application Field of the Technique・ Place where backhoe can be used. ( heaped 0.8 m3 )・ Place where Special Construction Work has not been

2010 to Mar 2011 and there are 81 other application
cases in Japanprohibited.
・ Intensity of crushing material should not harder

Contact:

than 40N/mm2.

Takeshi

SAKURABA

Furugaki

Corporation

E-mail: sakura@furugaki.co.jp

5. Application of the technique
The

BucketCrusher

has

been

use

to

reformFax: +81-135-22-5050

SWE-SSRT (Seismic While Excavating using SSRT)The shallow seismic reflection survey ahead of tunnel face using tunnel excavating blasts as theseismic source
1.Backgroundexcavating blasts themselves can be used as the

There are several existing seismic survey methods toseismic survey source, and it becomes possible topredict the geological conditions ahead of tunnel face.

continuously evaluate the geological features ahead of

We have previously developed a survey method -tunnel face. We called this method - Seismic While

Shallow Seismic Reflection survey for Tunnels (SSRT).

Excavating using SSRT (SWE-SSRT). Figure-1 showsIn general, a seismic survey of a tunnel excavating

the image and concept of SWE-SSRT.

requires careful arrangement of the seismic sourcesandmeasurement

equipmentswhichcauses2.Outline

interruptions to tunnel excavating work. However,The data acquisition of SWE-SSRT requires only

when the blasting is used for excavating the tunnel, thesensors and a recording system. Blasts used in tunnel

January 2012 No.58

4

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japandetect the time of the blast accurately and tosynchronize the recording with it. In order to solve thisproblem,theRubidiumatomicclock

andcustom-designed recorder were developed. Figure-3
shows the time recording device that used the
Rubidium atomic clock and the operation method of
this device in tunnel construction site.

Figure-1: Image and concept of SWE-SSRT
excavation usually detonate in multiple-steps (morethan ten) successively over a short time interval (delay
blasting). The delay time between the first blast andthe second one is set to about 250 ms (milliseconds) andthe seismic waves generated by the first blast are used
for analysis. Figure-2 shows the observed waveform of
the excavating blasts at the long offset site outside of

Figure-2: Observed waveform of the excavating blasts

tunnel.

in multiple-steps at the long offset site

The most important technology of SWE-SSRT is how to

Rubidium clock (Rb-CL) synchronizing
GPS time signal outside of tunnel
Rubidium clock(Rb-CL)
Custom-designed
recorderMeasurement line
(geophone*12ch）

Rubidium clock(Rb-CL)
Custom-designed
recorderGeophone

Each equipment on the tunnel foot wall

Figure-3: Time recording device that used the Rubidium clock and operation method in tunnel
3.Characteristics and effects
The characteristics and effects of SWE-SSRT are

the excavating blasts as the seismic source.
②

collectively shown as follows.
①

SWE-SSRT is a tunnel survey method that uses

January 2012 No.58

SWE-SSRT

does

not

interruptthetunnelexcavating work and operation.
③

Continuous survey and prediction is possible.
5Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan④⑤

The cost is about half that of past survey methods.

5.The application track records

The main reason is that the seismic source need

SWE-SSRT had been applied at three road tunnels in

not be specially prepared before or at the survey.

Japan. Figure-4 shows the SWE-SSRT application at

To synchronize the internal clock of recorder

the Furue-minami tunnel located on Kyushu Island in

equipments of SWE-SSRT inside tunnel, thethe southwest of Japan.

Rubidium atomic clock and custom-designed
recorder can be used.

Contact:
Hideyuki MURAYAMA,

4.Applicable range

Technology Development Department,

・SWE-SSRT is applicable at tunnel construction site

Fujita Corporationthat always use the blasts for tunnel excavating.

Address: 2015-1 Ono, Atsugi City, Kanagawa 243 -0125,

・ In application of SWE-SSRT, it is desirable for aJapantunnel to be a straight line.

TEL/FAX: +81-46-250-7095 / +81-46-250-7139
E-mail: murayama@fujita.co.jp

End of this Construction
STA. 493+99

Water fall from the roof
after excavation

Tunnel face at STA.496+95
Review of prediction results(revaluation)

Comparison of the SWE-SSRT
results and excavating record

Furue thrust fault（assumed）

STA.495+10

STA.495+95

Sandstone rich

Muddy sandstone rich

SWE-SSRT Line-7,8 Vp=4000m/s

Fractural bed boundary ofsandstone rich zone andmuddy sandstone zone

SWE-SSRT line-9 Vp=4000m/s

Forward analysis
Fracturalboundary

Fractural zone
related to Furue
thrust fault ?

Line-7,8

Line-9Sandstone rich
Muddy
sandstone

Forward analysis

Slate： Heavy reflection Level

Backward analysis

Fractural zone including
underground water

Figure-4: SWE-SSRT application at the Furue-minami tunnel (example of the fault zone prediction)

Sub Marine Cleaner (SMC) Method
Sealed Absorption Type Bottom Sediment Removal Equipment)
1.Background and Motivation for the Development

shellfish due to its persistent and remaining at bottom

Organotin that should have been prohibited to use asof the sea. Existing abatement method of hazardous

endocrine-distrupting chemicalshad contained in thebottom sediment might have caused the secondary

ship bottom paint that have had adverse effect on

contamination and also would dredge large volume ofJanuary 2012 No.58

6

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan
sediment without abating adequate thickness ofsealed equipment and pumping up stirred up sedimenthazardous sediment that will require large scale ofwithout roiling seawater. This submarine cleaner is thesediment treatment plant. These have been difficult

sealed type and does not roil sea at the dredging work

issues to solve.

nor cause secondary pollution. This method also abates

This method made it possible to abate hazardous

sediment shallowly that reduces the volume of disposal

bottomendocrine-distrupting

and cost of construction without requiring large scalechemicals, accumulated on the sea bottom at thelandfill. This can contribute greatly to improve the sea

thickness of ten (10) centimeters by jetting water in theenvironment of enclosed coastal seas.

sediment,

such

as

Photo-1 Set SMC to the crane barge

Photo-2
roiling

Submarine Cleaner

2.Technological Details

without

seawater(causing

secondaryTechnique to abate hazardous substance (such as TBT,

contamination) at the thickness of ten (10) centimeters

dioxin and PCB) accumulated on the sea bottom.

Chart-1 View showing a frame format of Sub Marine Cleaner at sea bed

January 2012 No.58

7

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan

3.Technological Effects①②

Abate bottom sediment accumulated on the sea③

Proceed the work at the high speed of 3,000 ㎡/day.

④

Remove fine silt on the sea bottom and leave clean

bottom at the thickness of ten (10) centimeter.

grainedEquipment

cultivation effects.

issealed

type

that

can

abate

hazardous and organic substance accumulated on
the

sea

bottom

without

causingsecondaryscattering.

⑤

sand.

leadingtoAbating only necessary sediment enables toreduceamountofdredging

sediment

andconstruction cost.

Photo-3: Sea bed prior to the abatement work

Photo-4 After the abatement work

(A lot of silt remained)

Chart-1 Comparison of before and after the abatement

Simultaneously,( Shellfish and sand are confirmed)

Chart-2 Comparison of the sulfide before and after
the abatement

4.Technological Applications

2009〜 March, 2010 and other (1)・Abate floating mud at fishing port and harbor.
・Abate bottom sediment at farms.

Contact:

・Abate dioxin, TBT and PCB.

Shigenori SUENAGA

・Cultivate sea bed to revive fisheries.

Ohishi Corporation
E-Mail:s-suenaga@ohishi-net.co.jp

5.Records of Technological Applications

Fax:+81-95-834-1201

Abate Floating Mud at Hakata Harbor : September,

January 2012 No.58

8

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan

Ten months have passed since the huge quake hit East Japan
10 months have already passed since the Great East

1. Coastal Infrastructures

Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami had

Among coastal levees and shore protection facilities

attacked east Japan Pacific coast on March 11th 2011.

extending 300km alongside the Pacific coast in Iwate,

Since then up until January

10th2012, aftershocks

Miyagi, and Fukushima prefecture,

where mostgreater than M7.0 occurred 6 times, greater than M6.0

severely hit by tsunami, 190 km portions were

hit 96 times and greater than M5.0 hit 580 times

devastated.

according to the Japan Meteorological Agency.

Ibaraki, and Chiba, shore protection facilities wereThose

At the neighboring prefecture Aomori,aftershocks are mainly occurring in the epicenter zones

heavily

stretching with 200km width and 500km length, andmeasures had completed for the 50km coast lines by

also in the area at the east side of the axis of ocean

the end of September 2011 on a priority basis, because

trench close to the epicenter.

Even coastal area withhinterland of those coast lines have vital facilities forshallow water depth and adjacent to the land,

the restoration of local livelihood, industry, commodity

M3.0-M4.0 class aftershocks are still occurring.

distribution and agriculture.

Rightdamagedat43

locations.

Emergency

now we see a decreasing trend of the aftershock, but a

Full-scale restoration work of each infrastructure has

potential of sizable aftershock attack still remain, so webeen starting step by step, after scrutinizing local

need to continue close watch seismic activity along therestoration plan, industrial and distribution plan ofcoast line.

each port, in coordination with other projects.

For thecoastal levees where important facilities are located inWith regard to the restoration of the heavily damaged

the hinterland such as airport, sewage treatment

infrastructures by the disaster of this time, we arefacilities, we plan to construct with priority by March

moving from initial emergency aid stage into full-scale

2013, and a remaining portion will be completed withinreconstruction stage.

5 years.

Setting the target date at theend of March 2012, we are actively implementing thefollowings;

As for the countermeasures against tsunami, eachprefectural government will individually decide plans

Restoration of the infrastructures most urgently

after discussion with local government.

requiredthat the degree of disaster damage and geographical·

Provision of disaster victims’ housings

conditions are totally different from town to town, and·Strategy for the future restoration methodology

there are villages those cannot be protected by·

The reason is

On and after April 2012, we will start full-scaleconventional measures against tsunami.

Therefore,

reconstruction work according to the local needs and“Creation of Tsunami Resistant Multi-Defensive Local

perspectives.

Town” is required which is different from town to town.
Coastal levee height should be determined for each

As at the end of November 2011, restoration status inbay assuming several decades-tsunami or 100-yeareach infrastructure field is as follows.

tsunami, by scrutinizing historical tsunami heighttraces,January 2012 No.58

andimplementingapossibletsunami9

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japansimulation.

expressways.

2. River Infrastructures(2) Passenger Railways and Freight Railways

The number of river bank damaged by huge

Passenger rail has restarted operation in 67 among

earthquake and tsunami intrusion of this time reaches

76 routes.

Among tsunami hit and afflicted 9 routes

3,183, and1,726 of them have completed full-scalealongside the Pacific coast, train will gradually start

restoration to the same safety level before the quake.

running on the existing route for the 3 routes in Iwate

By the next rainy season at June 2012, additional 984

prefecture during 2012 to 2014.

banks will be fully restored.

For the lock gate of thecentral and southern Iwate prefecture and Miyagi

river, where reverse flow is projected by tsunami,

prefecture, relocation of disaster afflicted area isseismic protection, automatization and remote control

scheduled based on the “Creation of Tsunami Resist

measures will be applied.

Town

Plan”,hence

new

For the 6 routes ofrailway route

will

be

established from now on.
For the freight railways, among disaster-affected 7

3. Sewage System
For the damaged sewage pipeline 631km, emergency

routes,4

routeshave

restarted

operation,andrepair is finished and now full-scale restoration activity

restoration of the remaining portion will be completed

is in progress and seismic resistant work is also

by March 2013.

undergoing in parallel.
Among the damaged 120 sewage treatment facilities,(3) Airport

those 95 facilities located inland area and free from

Airport function was fully recovered by October 1st

tsunami have already get back to normal.

2011.

Among thetsunami afflicted 16 facilities along the Pacific coast, 14
facilities are in operation under emergency repair and(4) Port Facilities

4 of 14 will get back to normal by March 2012, and 9 of

21 ports and 373 berths were damaged by this

14 by March 2013.

With regard to one damaged large

disaster, among them, 253 berths have recovered its

scale treatment facilities, high level sewage treatment

function by November 2011, although there are someis not attained in a short time, but medium level

restrictions on draft and movable load limit.

treatment such as modified aeration will be possible bypriority into consideration, important port facilities will

the end of March 2012.

be fully restored within 2 years.

4. Traffic Networks

5. Damaged Residences(1) Road

In order to cater for the victim’s requirement that lost

Emergency restoration activities had been completed

their residence, 53,000 emergency temporary housing

for the damaged highways and national roads so theseis required.

roads are now open to general public.

have already been constructed.

Regarding

Taking

As at December 2011, 52,000 housings
Meanwhile some offull-scale restoration, completion date is set to March

the afflicted people left their home town.

2012 for the national roads and December 2012 for thenationwide and living in the 9,700 public housing andJanuary 2012 No.58

They moved

10

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan
65,000

privateapartments

borrowedbytheafter investigation.

government.
City, town, or other local governments are providing(2) Measures Taken for the Spot Exposed to Potential

low cost rental public housing for those sufferers who

Landslide Risk

are facing difficulties to buy or reconstruct their own.

For the 30,000 spots exposed to potential landslide

Elderly household keeps high share in this area’s

risk after the temblor, emergency sandbag pileup andfamily unit, so national government is subsidizing

installation of ground behavior observation equipment

private firms, Healthcare Corporation, Social Welfare

were completed by the end of August 2011.

Corporation and NGO, that operates assisted-living

spot where exposed to high landslide risk and/or facing

senior condominium.

to the vital transportation route, countermeasure will

For thebe implemented on full scale by March 2012.

The

6. Creation of Restoration Town

other spots’ measure will be taken step by step within 5

Regarding restoration of the severely damaged urban

years depending upon the degree of importance.

area by this tsunami disaster that reaches 11,900

At the 241 municipalities where the big shake washectares in total, taking into consideration of local

felt,

needs and restoration plan that matches geologicalLandslide risks caused by a rainfall are higher thanconditions, we will proceed for the “Multiple Disasternormal, so the criteria for issuing landslide warning

Defense System” by combining hardware and software.

are lowered in order to issue an early alert.

thegroundislikelytobecomesoftened.

For example, measures are taken such as;··

Restoration and upgrading of the coastal levee,(3) Countermeasures for a Ground Sinking

repair and upgrading of a city street, collective

The big quake sank the ground level alongside therelocation for future disaster prevention

lowland coastline plain in Miyagi prefecture, and thenSecuring and maintenance of the evacuation

tsunami seawater covered this lowland.

routehuge surface ponding (flooding, puddle) was formed inandevacuation

spot.

groundutilization.

Topographically-matched·this area.

As a result, a

At the deep water locations where natural

Construction regulationwaterdischarge

weredifficult,pumpingwater

Utilization of facilities located hinterland of thedischarge vehicles were mobilized from nationwide andcoastal levee having a function to protect floodused for water discharge operation.

spread (such as an embankment road)completed by the end of June 2011.

This work was

The area has a potential of future flooding caused by

7. Landslide Damage, Ground Sinking, Liquefaction

torrential rain and/or storm surges, so pumping

Countermeasuresvehicles have been deployed in widespread areas at(1) Developed Land for Residence

present.

For the developed land for residence that caused

pumping stations are scheduled to be installed along an

ground displacement or collapse by the quake,appropriate river side.

countermeasure

will

be

taken

to

And some additional water discharge

prevent

displacement/collapse, by judging the degree of danger

January 2012 No.58

11

Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan(4) Liquefaction Countermeasurescountermeasures will be taken in parallel with the

As for the public infrastructures damaged by theforthcoming full-scale construction works.

liquefactionofgrounds

such

as

river

banks,

About IDI and IDI-quarterly
The Infrastructure Development Institute (IDI)-Japan is a not-for-profit organization under
the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Japan
IDI provides consulting services for Japanese official development aids (ODA), facilitatesexchange of specialists around the world and exchange information about both developed anddeveloping countries in the field of infrastructure.
IDI has been publishing the free quarterly journal “IDI Quarterly” since1996 for the purposeof introducing information relating to our public works and construction technology toforeign countries. We have distributed the journal to administration officials in more than 90
countries around the world by e-mail.
We also welcome project information from your country.
send to us.

If you have a manuscript, please

We may include it as an article in our journal IDI-Quarterly.

Please refer an

example article “Water Pipeline Projects” from Mongolia. (Refer IDI Quarterly No.52).
If you have an interest, send manuscripts to us according to the instructions below.

Instructions for contributors:• Texts must be written in English within 800 words.
• Ms-word.doc or text.txt files are acceptable.
• Figures and photos should be supplied in an electric format.
• All manuscripts will undergo some editorial modification.
• The editor reserves the right not to publish manuscripts that are not appropriate forthis journal.
• Manuscript fee will not be paid.
• Please send manuscript files to “1bu05@idi.or.jp” by e-mail.

January 2012 No.58

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