LHC Utilities & Facilities

WAO 2010 - Daejeong
12/04 – 16/04/2010
Markus Albert on behalf of LHC Operations

Outline•Introduction•LHC Software Architecture•LHC Sequencer•LHC Beam Instrumentation &Applications•Summary

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert2Major Milestones
B1: First turn in 1h

10/09 First beam

B2: First turn in 1h30

20/11 Restart with beam

28/02 Circulating beam
19/03 beams @ 3.5TeV
30/03 first collisions@ 3.5TeV2008

19/09 Breakdown in S34

2010…

2009

Repair & consolidation

Beam operation @ 3.5 TeV
per beamLongest CERN run ever !

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

3LHC parameters
Quantity
Circumference

number26.659 m

Operating temperature

1.9 K (-271.3 °C)

Number of magnets

9593

Number of main dipoles

1232

Number of main quadrupoles

392

Number of RF cavities

8 per beam

Nominal energy, protons

7 TeV

Nominal energy, ions2.76 TeV/uPeak magnetic dipole field

8.33 T

Min. distance between bunches~7m

Design Luminosity

1034 cm-2s-1

Number of bunches per p+ beam

2808

Number of protons per bunch (@ start)

1.1 x 1011Number of turns per second

11245

Number of collisions per second

600 million

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert4Outline•Introduction•LHC Software Architecture•LHC Sequencer•LHC Beam Instrumentation &Applications•Summary

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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LHC Software Architecture• Homogeneous software suite to operate LEIR, SPS and its
transfer lines and the LHC• Project shared between controls and operations• Entirely written in JavaWAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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LSA•2001 : development started inmotivation: replacement of old SPS control system•2005 : included LEIR
•2006 : successfully introduced @ SPS( after 18 months of shutdown ! )•2008 : LHC start – up
•Ongoing: adaptation to PS
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LSA covers• Optics
Information about all devices
Machine layout
Twiss parameters• Settings generation


Generation of initial settings based on optics• Settings management & trimManagement of values for all parameters
Coherent modifications
History of changes and rollback
Incorporation of LHC actual settings (scalar settings) into ramp functions• Hardware exploitation
Equipment control
Sending settings to the hardware• Services to handle LHC timing events

Creation, modification
Loading to and unloading from the Timing System• Equipment & beam measurements

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert8Generic applications
Data model & business logic are common for all accelerators
 we can reuse applications

SPS

LHC

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

9Equipment statecontrol

LHC Sequencer

YASP- OrbitSteering

BLM control

LHC Settings
IncorporationSIS

Trim - coherent
modifications ofsettings

Settings
Generation

Fixed Displays

LSA~40 GUI applications
depending on LSA

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

10Outline•Introduction•LHC Software Architecture•LHC Sequencer•LHC Beam Instrumentation &Applications•Summary

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

11The LHC Sequencer
Application to drive the LHC through its duty cycle
PHYSICS

BEAM DUMP

9140008SQUEEZE
7PREPARE
PHYSICSRAMP DOWN

6PHYSICS
5PREINJECTION
PLATEAU43

INJECTION

T0TinjRamp down2 18 Mins

Pre-Injection Plateau

115 Mins

Injection
0-3000-2000

-1000

B [T]

MB current

START RAMP

01000

Time [s]WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

Ramp
2000

 15 Mins
03000

Squeeze 28 Mins 5 Mins

Prepare Physics
Physics

 10 Mins
10 - 20 Hrs
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LHC Sequencer - Architecture

Editor GUI

Execution GUI

Sequencer Core(Java)

Beaminterlock

DB (Oracle)

SequencesPowerconverters
Collimators

RF
Beam dump
system
WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

Injectionsystemetc

Beam
instrumentation
13Quick launch panel provides easy accessto commonly used sequences and tasks

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

14List of subsequences

Atomic or macro tasks
Subsequence

Sequence execution control

LHC Nominal sequence
WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert15Outline•Introduction•LHC Software Architecture•LHC Sequencer•LHC Beam Instrumentation &Applications•Summary

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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LHC BTV System
18 BTV in LHC transfer lines SPS - LHC
Each BTV has 2 screens:
1mm Al2O3:Cr (scintillator)
13 BTV in LHC ring
12 µm Ti foil (OTR)
6 BTV in LHC dump lines
Both video link and digitised data acquired on first shot !
First full turnas seen by theBTV
10/9/2008

Uncaptured
beam sweeps
through hedump line
First Beam in the LHC 8/8/2008
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LHC BTV System
Used to check steering and optics in transfer lines

OTR image of beam in TI8 (B2)

Injection of B2

Verification of beam alignment
in injection channels

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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LHC BTV System – beam dumpProgrammed dump of 10 bunches (B1) @ 2TeV

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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LHC BCT - System

First circulating beam in ring 2, 12/09/2008

2 DC – BCT systems per ring
• few 109 to 51014 protons(~3mA to ~900mA)• Published @ 1Hz for
general applications

2 Fast – BCT systems per ring
• Bunch to bunch on turn byturn basis• Total beam intensity→ Total beam lifetime→ Beam presence flag
Bunch intensity of captured B2, 10/09/2008
WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

20LHC Fast BCT - Lifetime

Ramp of both beams to 3.5TeV

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LHC BPM - System
1054 beam position monitors, measure in both H and V plane
1. Asynchronous bunch by bunch mode
• Beam threading and first few hundred turns• Worked first time on both beams for injection tests & on 10th Sep 2008
2. Asynchronous orbit mode
• Provided filtered data for 1Hz orbit update to YASP & FB controller• Worked as soon as beam was circulating for more than a few seconds

First full turn - Beam 1WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. AlbertFirst full turn - Beam 222

YASP - LHC Trajectory & Orbit
Steering
One of the most powerful software tools of the LHCcontrol system. It is used to control :Trajectory

Closed Orbit

FIFO: self triggered mode forthreading or trajectorymeasurements of empty ring
(single bunch)

1Hz: one orbit(averaged over 224 turns/20 ms)
Average - 1s: all orbits acquired during
one second are averaged.
Data is returned at 1 Hz.
Average - 10s: all orbits acquired
during 10 s are averaged.
Data is returned at 0.1 Hz

CAPTURE: triggered mode where thebunches/buckets must be
configured

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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YASP – B2 around the ring
1. Beam to TDI

5. Beam to IR3

2. Beam to IR7
3. Beam to IR6
4. Beam to CMS

Courtesy: J. Wenninger

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YASP – B2 around the ring
1. Beam to TDI

5. Beam to IR3

2. Beam to IR7

6. Beam to ALICE

3. Beam to IR6
4. Beam to CMS

Courtesy: J. Wenninger

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YASP – B2 around the ring
1. Beam to TDI

5. Beam to IR32. Beam to IR7

6. Beam to ALICE

3. Beam to IR6

7. Beam to ATLAS

4. Beam to CMS

8. Beam to LHCb – First Turn !

Courtesy: J. Wenninger

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LHC BLM - System
Threefold purpose:• Protect LHC equipment against damage• Avoid beam induced magnet quenches• Loss observation for machine parameter tuning(collimator set-up, aperture studies, etc.)
4000 beam loss monitors(Ionization chamber, SEM)
mostly around quadrupoles
12 different integration times(40µs – 83s)

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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LHC BLM – Online Display
Monitor filter
Threshold setting

Integrated signals from IC

Beam loss monitor readings (Gray/s) along the ring (integration time : 1.3 s)
Updating @ 1Hz
Losses units: Gray/s, % or normalized
Linear or logarithmic scale
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LHC BLM – Capture Display
Integrated loss signals (40 µs)

Threshold exceeded

BLM capture data
• Triggered by timing event• Integration time: 40µs, 1.3s
• Loss readings of• all selected monitors• Single monitor vs. time

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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LHC - Q, Q’ & Coupling
3 independent acquisition chains per beam relying
on base-band-tune (BBQ) method• Passive beam spectra observation (no excitation)→ data logging for post mortem analysis→ fixed displays in CR• “On demand” acquisition with excitation by:• tune kickers (MKQA)• fast frequency sweeps („chirp‟ signals) via thetransverse damper• PLL tune operation, using the transverse damperas excitation source
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LHC – Q, Q’, Coupling Viewer• Acquisition of all 3 Q-chains• Integrated Q, Q‟ trim facility••••

using LSA services
Q‟ measurement
FB control
Various data displays
Lots of expert options...

One of the work-horse applications !
WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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LHC – Feedbacks
Closed orbit corrections

Q corrections

Q – feedback is now
routinely in use
during ramps(not yet with PLL)

Q’ corrections

WAO 2010 – LHC Facilities & Utilities – M. Albert

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Summary• Very powerful software tools paired with state of theart beam instrumentation were one of the main
ingredients for the efficient and fast progress during
beam commissioning.
• Meticulous testing of application software andinstrumentation before first beam payed off for beamcommissioning.
• Involvement of operations in the development ofcontrol room software tools is highly beneficial.

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Thank you !

Questions ?

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