TDE0109-0

GAS DETECTION
HAND BOOK

Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4
2. What is gas? .............................................................................................................................................. 5
2-1. Air composition .................................................................................................................................... 5
2-2. Gas hazards .......................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Combustible Gas Hazards ...................................................................................................................... 7
3-1. Three elements necessary for combustion .................................................................................... 7
3-2. Explosive Limit ..................................................................................................................................... 8
3-3. Combustible vapor .............................................................................................................................. 8
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases ...................................................................................... 10
4. Toxic Gas Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 32
4-1. Toxic gas hazards .............................................................................................................................. 32
4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases ............................................................................................. 33
5. Oxygen Deficiency Hazards ................................................................................................................ 39
5-1. Oxygen deficiency ............................................................................................................................. 39
6. Typical Areas That Require Gas Detection...................................................................................... 41
6-1. Gas detector market ......................................................................................................................... 41
7. Gas detection technologies ................................................................................................................. 45
7-1. RIKEN Gas sensor technologies ...................................................................................................... 45
7-2. Catalytic Combustion Method .......................................................................................................... 46
7-3. New Ceramic Catalytic Method ....................................................................................................... 47
7-4. Semi-Conductor Method ................................................................................................................... 48
7-5. Hot Wire Type Semi-Conductor Method ........................................................................................ 49
7-6. Thermal Conductivity Method ......................................................................................................... 50
7-7. Potentiostatic Electrolysis Method ................................................................................................. 51
7-8. Membrane-Separated Electrode Method ....................................................................................... 52
7-9. Membrane Type Galvanic Cell Method ........................................................................................... 53
7-10. Non-Dispersive Infrared Method................................................................................................... 54
7-11. Interferometer Method ................................................................................................................... 55
7-12. Chemical Tape Method ................................................................................................................... 56
7-13. Photo-Ionization Detector .............................................................................................................. 57
7-14. Pyrolysis-Particle Detection Method ............................................................................................. 58
8. Selecting Gas Detectors ....................................................................................................................... 59
8-1. Gas detector selection ...................................................................................................................... 59
9. Fixed Gas Detectors............................................................................................................................... 61
9-1. Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head ............................................................................................... 61
9-2. Non-Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head ....................................................................................... 65
9-3. Indicator/alarm unit .......................................................................................................................... 67
10. Portable Gas Detectors ...................................................................................................................... 69
10-1. Multi Gas Detector (Multi-sensor) ................................................................................................ 69
10-2. Single Gas Detector (Single-sensor) ............................................................................................ 72
11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors ........................................................................ 75-2-

11-1. Applications in Automotive Market ............................................................................................... 75
11-2. Applications in Steel Market .......................................................................................................... 81
11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market ............................................................................................... 85
11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market ........................................................................................ 89
11-5. Applications in Food Product ......................................................................................................... 94
11-6. Applications at Universities and Research Institutions ........................................................... 102
11-7. Applications in Gas Market........................................................................................................... 108
11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market ........................................................................................ 112
11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market ............................................................................ 122
11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market ............................................................................... 127
12. Standards and Certification ............................................................................................................ 134
12-1. ATEX ................................................................................................................................................ 134
12-2. IECEx ............................................................................................................................................... 135
13. Product Ingress Protection Rating ............................................................................................... 137
14. Maintenance ....................................................................................................................................... 139-3-

1. Introduction
2-1. Air composition

1
1.

Introduction

The Riken Keiki Gas Detection Handbook is a reference guide for customers considering
using fixed or portable gas detectors. It provides both basic and comprehensive
information about gas detection.
Riken Keiki's gas detectors and environmental monitoring devices protect people frominvisible hazards by swiftly detecting combustible and toxic gases that can cause
disasters. Above all, our mission is to create an environment that allows people to workwith peace of mind̶something essential for industrial growth and development.

-4-

2. What is gas?
2-1. Air composition22.

What is gas?

2-1. Air composition
Air consists of approximately 78 % nitrogen, 21 % oxygen, and 1 % other gases (e.g.,argon and carbon dioxide). Nitrogen, the largest component of air, forms the basis ofproteins made of amino acids and contained in numerous living organisms. Nitrogen isessential for almost all life on the planet. However, nitrogen is not absorbed directly into
the body from the air. The nitrogen we breathe in is simply expelled when we breathe
out. Essential to life and absorbed directly into our bodies, oxygen accounts for 21 % ofair. Carbon dioxide, which is vital for plant photosynthesis, accounts for less than 1 %.
Animals absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide and plants absorb carbon dioxide andexpel oxygen, maintaining a constant balance of the overall air composition and life
processes on the planet.
Constituent

Major atmospheric constituents
Chemical
Percentage byformulavolume [%]Percentage bymass [%]

NitrogenN2

78.08475.524OxygenO2

20.9476

23.139

Argon

Ar

0.934

1.288

Carbon dioxide

CO20.03140.0477Neon

Ne

0.001818

0.00127

Helium

He

0.000524

0.000072

KryptonKr

0.000114

0.00033

Xenon

Xe

0.0000087

0.000039

HydrogenH20.00005

0.000003

MethaneCH4

0.00020.0001

Dinitrogen monoxide

N2O

0.00005

0.00008

From JIS W 0201-1990 (ISO 2533-1975)-5-

2. What is gas?
2-2. Gas hazards

2-2. Gas hazards
Broadly speaking, gas hazards fall into the following three categories:① Combustible gases
Gases that have an explosive range (combustible range)
when mixed with air.
The GHS* refers to substances in a gaseous state atstandard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) and 20 °C.
* GHS: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling ofChemicals② Toxic gases
Gases that impair human biological function
Toxic gases are regulated based on thresholdvalues set to safeguard against harmful healtheffects for workers exposed to such substances at
the work site eight hours a day, 40 hours a week.

② Oxygen deficiency
The human body is able to function normally atatmospheric oxygen concentrations around 21 %.
If oxygen is consumed and its concentrations are
reduced (by metal oxidation or by microorganisms)
or if oxygen is displaced by other gases (e.g., N2
and Ar), effects on the human body become
apparent when concentrations fall below around
18 %. Death becomes a risk between 6 % and
8 %.

-6-

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-1. Three elements necessary for combustion

3
3.

Combustible Gas Hazards

3-1. Three elements necessary for combustion
Combustion generally refers to an oxidation reaction (in which substances are
combined with oxygen) involving heat and light.
The combustion of a substance requires three elements: ① a combustible substance;② a combustion-supporting gas; and ③ an ignition source. Combustion is not possible
if any one of these is missing. To prevent gas combustion, it is vital to regulate andmaintain gas concentrations below the concentration at which it can combust(assuming the presence of a combustion-supporting gas and an ignition source).

Combustible
substance
Combustible gas or vapor

Combustionsupporting gas

Combustion
Ignition source
Spark, temperature

Air, oxygen

Three elements necessary for combustion-7-

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-2. Explosive Limit

3-2. Explosive Limit
If a combustible gas or vapor from a combustible liquid mixes with air or oxygen, it will
explode in the presence of an ignition source when the concentration is within a specificrange. This concentration range is called the explosive range. The lower concentration
limit is called the lower explosive limit (LEL). The upper concentration limit is called theupper explosive limit (UEL).
Example: Hydrogen

Explosive range
0 vol%

4 vol%

50 vol%0 %LEL(0 vol%)77 vol%100 vol%= Upper explosive limit= Lower explosive limit= LEL

50 %LEL(2 vol%)100 %LEL(4 vol%)

The lower explosive limit is a value determined experimentally, but the results obtained
can vary depending on test conditions and methods. Caution is therefore necessary;
the values quoted may vary depending on the reference source.
Gas detectors generally monitor gas concentrations based on the lower explosive limit.
This is because even if a gas is present at concentrations exceeding the upper explosive
limit, if a gas leakage occurs into the atmosphere, the gas will be immediately dilutedand diffuse, bringing concentrations to within the explosive range. The unit %LEL isfrequently used to express a concentration with respect to the lower explosive limit(100 %LEL).

3-3. Combustible vapor
While both are substances in the gaseous state, gas and vapor generally refer todifferent things. Vapor refers to a substance that exists in the liquid (or solid) state at
normal temperature but vaporizes into the gas phase from the liquid phase undercertain conditions. The following physical properties, based on temperature changes,
determine whether a combustible vapor can become a hazard.
1. Saturated vapor pressureThis refers to the pressure at which a substance at a specific temperature
vaporizes from liquid to gas. The vapor pressure typically increases as temperaturerises. The temperature at which the pressure equals atmospheric pressure (101.3
kPa ≈ 760 mmHg) is called the boiling point. The concentration (concentration by
volume) of gas that vaporizes at a particular temperature can be determined by
calculating the percentage of the vapor pressure with respect to atmosphericpressure.

-8-

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-3. Combustible vapor

Vapor pressure [kPa]The figure on the right shows
Saturated vapor pressure curves for
saturated vapor pressure curves forethanol and water
ethanol and water. Since the boilingpoint of water is 100 °C, we see that
Ethanol
the vapor pressure curve indicates
Water
100 °C at 101.3 kPa. In other words,
the saturated water vapor
concentration at this point is 100 vol%.
Ethanol, on the other hand, is a liquid
more volatile than water (i.e., having ahigher vapor pressure), as is readily
Temperature [°C]
understood by anyone who has beenswabbed with sterilizing ethanol before
receiving an injection at the hospital.
In practice, the boiling point of ethanol is 78 °C. This data, too, shows that ethanol
is more volatile than water.
We can calculate the gas concentration of ethanol at a particular temperature
based on the vapor pressure at that temperature. For example, we can read offfrom the saturated vapor pressure curve that the vapor pressure at 20 °C is
approximately 5.8 kPa. We can insert this into the following equation to calculate
the gas concentration:
Gas concentration(volume % concentration)= [Vapor pressure at a particular temperature] ÷(Atmospheric pressure) × 100= 5.8 (kPa) ÷ 101.3 (kPa) × 100= 5.7 vol%This calculation is worth remembering. Even if no vapor pressure curve like theone above is available, the SDS (safety data sheet) provided by the chemical
manufacturer typically includes vapor pressure data points for normal
temperatures (20 °C to 30 °C). These can be used to calculate gas concentrations.
2. Flash point
The flash point refers to the lowest temperature at which a concentration that allows
ignition is reached when the substance is vaporized and mixed with air. This can also beinterpreted as the temperature at which the combustible vapor reaches the LEL
concentration. If the flash point of a liquid that produces combustible vapor is lower
than the ambient temperature at which the liquid is used, caution is necessary whenassessing the risk of ignition, due to the high risk of combustion and explosion
accidents.
3. Ignition point
This refers to the lowest temperature at which a combustible substance in the air
spontaneously ignites due to an increase in the temperature of the substance itself,
as opposed to ignition due to localized contact with a hot object (e.g., electricalspark, flame, red-hot metal wire) generally called an ignition source. Manufacturersof explosion-proof electrical equipment must design and manufacture the equipment
to ensure that the surface temperature of the equipment likely to come into contact
with combustible gas or vapor will not exceed the ignition temperature of thecorresponding gas or vapor.
-9-3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases

3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
The following table shows the three different lower explosive limits of combustible gases:① ISO 10156, ② IEC 60079-20-1, and ③ the Riken Keiki standard value.

NO.

CAS-No.

150-00-02

51-80-93

57-14-7

4

60-29-7

5

62-53-3

6

64-17-5

7

64-18-6

8

64-19-7

964-67-5

10

67-56-1

11

67-63-0

12

67-64-1

13

68-12-1

14

71-23-8

15

71-36-3

16

71-41-017

71-43-2

18

74-82-8

19

74-84-020

74-85-1

21

74-86-2

22

74-87-3

23

74-89-5

24

74-90-8

Name formula
Formaldehyde
HCHO
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl methanediamine(CH3)2NCH2N(CH3)2
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine(CH3)2NNH2
1,1´-Oxybisethane(CH3CH2)2O
Benzenamine
C6H5NH2
Ethanol
CH3CH2OH
Formic Acid
HCOOH
Acetic acid
CH3COOH
Sulfuric acid diethyl ester(CH3CH2)2SO4
Methanol
CH3OH
2-Propanol(CH3)2CHOH
2-Propanone(CH3)2CO
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
HCON(CH3)2
1-Propanol
CH3CH2CH2OH
1-Butanol
CH3(CH2)2CH2OH

ISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

7.0

7.0

-

1.61

-

2.4

1.7

1.7

1.7

-

1.2

1.3

3.1

3.1

3.3

-

18.0

18.0

-

4.0

4.0

-

-

6.0

6.0

5.5

-

2.0

2.0

2.5

2.5

2.15

-

1.8

-

2.1

2.1

-

1.4

1.4

1.06

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

4.4

4.4

5.0

2.4

2.4

3.0

2.4

2.3

2.7

2.3

2.3

1.5

7.6

7.6

8.1

4.9

4.2

4.9

5.4

5.4

5.6

1-Pentanol
CH3(CH2)3CH2OH
Benzene
C6H6
MethaneCH4
EthaneCH3CH3Ethene(CH2=CH2
EthineCH≡CH
Methyl chloride
CH3Cl
Methylamine
CH3NH2
Hydrocyanic acidHCN

- 10 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

25

74-93-1

26

74-96-427

74-98-6

28

74-99-729

75-00-330

75-01-431

75-04-7

32

75-05-833

75-07-034

75-08-1

35

75-15-036

75-19-4

37

75-21-838

75-28-5

39

75-29-640

75-31-041

75-34-342

75-35-4

Name formula
Methanethiol
CH3SH
Bromoethane
CH3CH2Br
Propane
CH3CH2CH3
Propyne
CH3C≡CH
Chloroethane
CH3CH2Cl
Chloroethene
CH2=CHCl
Ethylamine
C2H5NH2
Acetonitrile
CH3CN
Ethanal
CH3CHO
Ethanethiol
CH3CH2SH
Carbon Disulfide
CS2
Cyclopropane
CH2CH2CH2
Oxirane
CH2CH2O
2-Methylpropane(CH3)2CHCH3
2-Chloropropane(CH3)2CHCl
2-Propaneamine(CH3)2CHNH2
1,1-Dichloroethane
CH3CHCl2ISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

4.1

4.1

3.9

-

6.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.8

3.6

3.8

3.5

3.5

3.5

-

3.0

3.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

-

2.8

2.8

0.6

0.6

1.3

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.6

3.0

1.5

1.3

1.8

-

2.8

2.8

-

2.3

-

5.6

-

6.5

-

5.0

4.7

3.9

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.0

-

7.3

1.9

1.9

1.2

1.0

-

1.4

-

2.2

2.2

-

8.4

5.5

2.0

1,1-Dichloroethene(= Vinylidene Chloride)

5.6

CH2=CCl2

43

75-36-5

44

75-38-745

75-50-3

46

75-52-547

75-56-948

75-83-2

Acetyl chloride
CH3COCl
1,1-Difluoroethene
CH2=CF2
Trimethylamine(CH3)3N
Nitromethane
CH3NO2
2-Methyloxirane
CH3CHCH2O

2.8

2,2-Dimethylbutane(= Neohexan)(CH3)3CCH2CH3

4975-85-450

75-86-551

75-89-8

2-Methylbutan-2-ol
CH3CH2C(OH)(CH3)2
2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propionitrile
CH3 C(OH)CNCH3
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
CF3CH2OH- 11 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

52

76-37-9

Name formula
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropan-1-ol
HCF2CF2CH2OH

ISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

-

4.8

-

0.8

1.0

-

-

-

0.45

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

-

1.4

-

1.47

-

1.4

1.7

-

1.6

1.6

-

2.0

-

3.4

3.4

-

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.8

-

2.1

-

2.4

3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1Hindene

53

77-73-6(= Dicyclopentadiene)(= Cyclopentadiene dimer)
C10H12
Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester

54

77-78-1(= Dimethyl sulfate)(CH3O)2SO2
Tetraethoxy Silane(= Silicic acid tetraethyl ester)55

78-10-4(= Tetraethyl silicate)(= Silicon tetraethoxide)(C2H5)4Si
2-Methylbutane

56

78-78-4(= Ethyl dimethyl methane)(= Isopentane)(CH3)2CHCH2CH3

57

78-80-8

58

78-81-9

2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne
HC≡CC(CH3)CH2
2-Methylpropan-1-amine(= iso-Butylamine)(CH3)2CHCH2NH2
2-Methyl-1-propanol(= iso-Butanol)

59

78-83-1(= iso-Propylcarbinol)(= iso-Butyl alcohol)(CH3)2CHCH2OH
2-Methyl-1-propanal

60

78-84-2(= iso-Butanal)(= iso-Butyraldehyde)(CH3)2CHCHO
2-Chlorobutane

61

78-86-4(= sec-Butyl chloride)
CH3CHClCH2CH3
1,2-Dichloropropane

62

78-87-5(= Propylene dichloride)
CH3CHClCH2Cl
2-Butanol(= sec-Butyl alcohol)

63

78-92-2(= Butylene hydrate)(= 2-Hydroxybutane)(= Methyl ethyl carbinol)
CH3 CHOHCH2 CH3
2-Butanone(= Ethyl methyl ketone)

64

78-93-3(= Methyl acetone)(= Methyl ethyl ketone)
CH3CH2COCH3
Propionic acid(= Carboxyethane)

65

79-09-4(= Ethanecarboxylic acid)(= Methyl acetic acid)
CH3CH2COOH
2-Propenoic acid66

79-10-7(= Acroleic acid)(= Ethylenecarboxylic acid)- 12 -

3.0

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

3.1

3.1

3.1

-

7.5

7.5

-

3.4

-

1.0

-

2.0

4.6

4.6

8.4

-

1.7

1.7

-

0.6 at 150°C

-

1.0

-

-

-

1.6

1.6

-

1.95

2.4

-

1.0

-

1.6

(= Glacial acrylic acid)(= Acrylic acid)
CH2=CHCOOH
Acetic acid methyl ester(= Methyl acetate)

67

79-20-9(= Ethanoic acid methyl ester)(= Methyl ethanoate)
CH3COOCH3
Carbonochloridic acid methyl ester

68

79-22-1(= Methyl chloroformate)(= Methoxycarbonyl chloride)
CH3OOCCl

69

79-24-3

70

79-29-8

Nitroethane
CH3CH2NO2
2,3-Dimethylbutane(= Diisopropyl)(CH3)2CH(CH3)CH2CH3
2-Methylpropanoc acid71

79-31-2(= iso-Butyric acid)(= Dimethylacetic acid)(CH3)2CHCOOH
Chlorotrifluoroethene72

79-38-9(= Chlorotrifluoroethylene)
CF2=CFCl
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester(= Methyl methacrylate)73

80-62-6(= Methacrylate monomer)(= Methyl ester of methacrylic acid)(= Methyl-2-methyl-2-propenoate)
CH3=CCH3COOCH3
Naphthalene

74

91-20-3(= Tar camphor)(= White tar)
C10H8
1,2-Dimethyl benzene

75

95-47-6(= o-Xylene)(= o-Xyol)

1.0

C6H4(CH3)2
Ethanedioic acid diethyl ester

76

95-92-1(= Diethyl Oxalate)(= Oxalic acid diethyl ester)(COOCH2CH3)2
Pentan-3-one(= Diethyl ketone)77

96-22-0(= Metacetone)(= Propione)(CH3CH2)2CO
Propenoic acid methyl ester(= Acrylic acid methyl ester)78

96-33-3(= Methoxycarbonyl ethylene)(= Methyl propenoate)(= Methyl Acrylate)
CH2=CHCOOCH3
Methylcyclopentane

79

96-37-7

CH3CH(CH2)3CH2.

80

97-62-1

2-Methylpropanoic acid ethyl ester(= Ethyl isobutyrate)- 13 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.5

-

0.8

-

1.0

-

1.2

-

1.5

-

1.8

-

2.1

-

0.8

0.9

-

0.8

0.9

-

1.4

1.8

-

0.7

-

-

(= Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate)(CH3)2CHCOOC2H5
2-Methyl-prop-2-enoic acid ethyl ester

81

97-63-2(= Methacrylic acid ethyl ester)(= Ethyl methacrylate)
CH2=CCH3COOCH2CH3
2-Methylpropanoic acid 2-methylpropyl ester

82

97-85-8(= iso-Butyl isobutyrate)(CH3)2CHCOOCH2CH(CH3)2
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid butyl ester

83

97-88-1(= Butyl methacrylate)(= Butyl-2-methylprop-2-enoate)

2.0

CH2=C(CH3)COO(CH2)3CH3
2-Ethyl-1-butanol

84

97-95-0(= Isohexyl alcohol)
CH3CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2OH
Tetrahydro-2-furan methanol)(= Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol)

85

97-99-4(= Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methanol)(= Tetrahydro-2-furan carbinol)(= 2-Hydroxymethyl oxolane)
OCH2CH2CH2CHCH2OH
2-Furylmethanol8698-00-0(= Furfuryl Alcohol)(= 2-Hydroxymethylfuran)

1.8

OC(CH2OH)CHCHCH
2-Furancarbox aldehyde(= Fural)87

98-01-1(= Furfural)(= 2-Furaldehyde)
OCH=CHCH=CHCHO(1-Methylethyl) benzene(= Cumene)88

98-82-8(= Isopropyl benzene)(= 2-Phenyl propane)
C6H5CH (CH3)2
α-Methyl styrene(= Isopropenyl benzene)89

98-83-9(= 1-Methyl-1-phenylethylene)(= 2-Phenyl propylene)
C6H5C(CH3)=CH2
Nitrobenzene

9098-95-3(= Nitrobenzol)(= Oil of mirbane)
C6H5NO2
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)benzene

91

99-87-6(= p-Cymene)(= p-isopropyltoluene)
CH3C6H4CH (CH3)2
2-Diethylaminoethanol(= Diethylaminoethanol)(= 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol)

92

100-37-8(= N,N-Diethylethanol amine)(= Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine)(= 2-Hydroxytriethylamine)(C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH- 14 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

93

100-40-3

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

0.8

-

0.8

1.0

-

1.0

1.1

-

1.1

1.0

-

1.1

-

1.4

-

1.2

-

0.8

-

0.7

-

0.9

-

1.3

-

1.3

-

1.6

-

1.4

-

1.4

4-Ethenylcyclohexene(= Vinyl cyclohexene)(CH2=CH)CH(CH2)4CH2
Ethylbenzene

94

100-41-4(= α-Methyltoluene)(= Phenylethane)
C6H5CH2CH3
Ethenylbenzene(= Styrene)

95

100-42-5(= Vinylbenzene)(= Phenylethylene)(= Styrol)
C6H5CH=CH2
4-Vinylpyridine

96100-43-6(= 4-Ethenylpyridine)(= γ-Vinylpyridine)
NCHCHC(CH2=CH)CHCH(Chloromethyl)benzene (= Benzyl chloride)97

100-44-7(= α-Chlorotoluene)(= Tolyl chloride) C6H5CH2Cl

98

100-52-7

Benzaldehyde
C6H5CHO
2-Vinylpyridine

99

100-69-6(= 2-Ethenylpyridine)(= α-Vinylpyridine)
NC(CH2=CH)CHCHCHCH
Acetic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester

100

103-09-3(= 2-Ethylhexyl acetate)
CH3COOCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9
Prop-2-enoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester

101

103-11-7(= 2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate)(= 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate)

0.6

CH2=CHCOO(CH2)4CH3

102

104-76-7

2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
CH3 (CH2 )3CH(CH2CH3 )CH2OH
3-Oxo-butanoic acid methyl ester(= Acetoacetic acid methyl ester)

103

105-45-3(= 1-Methoxybutane-1,3-dione)(= Methyl acetoacetate)
CH3COOCH2COCH3
Acetic acid 1-methylpropyl ester(= sec-Butyl acetate)

104105-46-4(= sec-Butyl ester of acetic acid)(= 1-Methylpropyl acetate)
CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH3
Chloroacetic acid-1-methylethyl ester

105

105-48-6(= iso-Propyl chloroacetate)(= Propan-2-yl 2-chloroacetate)
ClCH2COOCH(CH3)2
Butanoic acid ethyl ester(= Ethyl butanoate)

106105-54-4(= Ethyl butyrate)(= Butyric acid ethyl ester)
CH3CH2CH2COO CH2CH3
Carbonic acid diethyl ester

107

105-58-8(= Diethyl carbonate)(CH3CH2O)2CO- 15 -

1.4

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

108106-35-4

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.1

-

0.9

1.0

-

2.2

2.2

-

1.0

-

2.3

-

-

-

3.0

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.1

1.3

-

-

2.8

2.8

-

2.9

2.9

3-Heptanone(= Ethyl butyl ketone)
CH3CH2CO[CH2]3CH3
1,4-Dimethyl benzene

109

106-42-3(= p-Xylene)(= p-Xyol)
C6H4(CH3)2
1,4-Dichlorobenzene

110106-46-7(= Dichlorocide)
C6H4Cl2111

106-58-1

1,4-Dimethylpiperazine
NH(CH3)CH2CH2NH(CH3)CH2CH2(Chloromethyl) oxirane(= Epichlorohydrin)

112

106-89-8(= 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane)

2.3(= 2-Chloropropylene oxide)
OCH2 CHCH2Cl[(2-Propenyloxy) methyl] oxirane(= Allyl 2,3- epoxypropylether)113

106-92-3(= 1-(Allyloxy)-2,3-epoxypropan)(= Glycidyl allyl ether)(= Allyl glycidyl ether)
CH2=CH-CH2-O-CHCH2CH2O
3-Bromo-1-propine

114

106-96-7(= Bromo propyne)
CH3CH≡CBrn-Butane(= Butyl hydride)115

106-97-8(= Diethyl)(= Methylethylmethane)
CH3(CH2)2CH2
1-Butene

116

106-98-9(= n-Butylene)(= Ethylethylene)
CH2=CHCH2CH3
1,3-Butadiene(= Biethylene)(= Bivinyl)

117106-99-0(= Divinyl)(= Erythrene)(= Vinylethylene)
CH2=CHCH=CH2
1-Butine

118

107-00-6(= Ethylacetylene)
CH3CH2C≡CH
2-Propenal (inhibited)(= Acraldehyde)(= Acrylaldehyde)

119107-02-8(= Acrylic aldehyde)(= Allyl aldehyde)(= Propenal)(= Acrolein)
CH2=CHCHO
3-Chloro-1-propene(= Allyl chloride)120

107-05-1(= 1-Chloro-2-propene)(= 3-Chloropropylene)
CH2=CHCH2Cl- 16 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

6.2

6.2

-

4.9

4.9

-

2.0

2.0

-

2.8

2.8

-

2.5

2.7

-

2.5

2.5

-

2.4

-

5.7

-

-

5.0

5.0

4.5

-

-

1.5

-

2.2

-

2.6

2.6

-

1.2

1.2

1,2-Dichloroethane121

107-06-2(= Ethylene chloride)(= Ethylene dichloride)
CH2ClCH2Cl
Ethylene chlorohydrin

122

107-07-3(= 2-Chloroethanol)(= 2-Chloroethyl alcohol)
CH2ClCH2OH
1-Propaneamine

123

107-10-8(= 1-Aminopropane)
CH3(CH2)2NH2
2-Propenenitrile(= Acrylonitrile)(= Cyanoethylene)

124

107-13-1(= Propenenitrile)(= Acrylonitrile)(= Vinyl cyanide, VCN)
CH2=CHCN
1,2-Ethanediamine

125

107-15-3(= Ethylenediamine)(= Dimethylenediamine)
NH2CH2CH2NH2
2-Propen-1-ol(= Allylic alcohol)

126

107-18-6(= Propenol)(= Allyl alcohol)(= Vinyl carbinol)
CH2=CHCH2OH
2-Propine-1-ol

127

107-19-7(= Prop-2-yn-1-ol)(= Propargyl alcohol)
HC≡CCH2OH
Chloroacetaldehyde

128107-20-0(= 2-Chloroethanal)
ClCH2CHO
Chloromethoxymethane(= Chloromethyl methyl ether)(= Chlorodimethyl ether)129

107-30-2(= Chloromethoxy methane)(= Dimethylchloroether)(= Methylchloromethyl ether)
CH3OCH2Cl
Formic acid methyl ester

130

107-31-3(= Methyl formate)(= Methyl methanoate)
HCOOCH3

131

108-01-0

132

108-03-22-(Dimethylamino)ethanol(CH3)2NC2H4OH
1-Nitropropane
CH3CH2CH2NO2
Acetic acid ethenyl ester

133

108-05-4(= Vinyl acetate)(= 1-Acetoxyethylene)
CH3COOCH=CH2
4-Methylpentan-2-one

134

108-10-1(= Hexone)(= Isopropylacetone)- 17 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.14

1.0

-

1.2

-

1.0

1.4

-

1.7

1.8

-

2.0

2.0

-

1.0

1.0

-

-

-

0.8

-

0.7

-

1.0

1.15

1.0

1.0

1.2

-

1.1

-

1.3

-

1.1

(= Methyl isobutyl ketone)(CH3)2CHCH2COCH3
4-Methylpentan-2-ol(= Isobutylmethylcarbinol)

135

108-11-2(= Methyl amyl alcohol)(= Methyl isobutyl carbinol)(CH3)2CHCH2CHOHCH3n-(1-Methylethyl)-2-propanamine

136108-18-9(= Diisopropylamine)((CH3)2CH)2NH
2,2´-Oxybispropane

137

108-20-3(= Diisopropyl ether)(= 2-Isopropoxy propane)((CH3)2CH)2O
Acetic acid-1-methylethyl ester(= iso-propyl acetate)138

108-21-4(= iso-propyl ester of acetic acid)(=

1-Methylethyl ester of acetic acid)(=

2-Propyl acetate)

CH3COOCH(CH3)2
Acetic anhydride(= Acetic acid anhydride)139

108-24-7(= Acetic oxide)(= Acetyl oxide)(= Ethanoic anhydride)(CH3CO)2O
1,3-Dimethylbenzene

140

108-38-3(= m-Xylene)(= m-Xylol)
C6H4(CH3)2
2,4,6,8-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7- tetraoxocane

141108-62-3(= Metaldehyde)(C2H4O)4
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

142

108-67-8(= Mesitylene)

1.1

CHC(CH3)CHC(CH3)CHC(CH3)
2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol

143

108-82-7(= Diisobutylcarbinol)((CH3)2CHCH2)2CHOH
Methylcyclohexane

144

108-87-2(= Hexahydrodoluene)
CH3CH(CH2)4CH2
Methyl benzene(= Toluene)145

108-88-3(= Methyl benzol)(= Phenyl methane)
C6H5CH3
4-Methylpyridine

146

108-89-4(= γ-Picoline)
NCHCHC(CH3)CHCH2.
Chlorobenzene

147

108-90-7(= Phenyl chloride)(= Monochlorobenzene)
C6H5ClCyclohexylamine

148

108-91-8(= Aminocyclohexane)(= Aminohexahydro-benzene)- 18 -

1.3

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.2

1.2

-

1.3

1.1

-

1.3

1.8

-

1.4

-

1.2

-

1.2

-

1.7

-

2.5

1.1

1.1

-

1.8

-

1.7

-

1.4

-

1.8

(= Hexahydroaniline)(= Hexahydro-benzenamine)
CH2 (CH2)4CHNH2.
Cyclohexanol(= Cyclohexyl alcohol)

149

108-93-0(= Hexahydrophenol)(= Hexalin)
CH2 (CH2)4CHOH
Cyclohexanone(= Anone)150

108-94-1(= Cyclohexyl ketone)(= Pimelic ketone)
CH2 (CH2)4CO
Phenol(= Carbolic acid)(= Hydroxybenzene)151

108-95-2(= Monohydroxybenzene)(= Monophenol)(= Oxybenzene)
C6H5OH
3-Methylpyridine

152

108-99-6(= β-Picoline)
NCHC(CH3)CHCHCH
2-Methylpyridine

153

109-06-8(= α-Picoline)
NC(CH3)CHCHCHCH.
N,N-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine154

109-55-7(= 3-Dimethylamino-propylamine)(= 1-Amino-3-dimethyl-aminopropane)(CH3)2N(CH2)3NH2
Acetic acid n-propyl ester(= n-Propyl acetate)155

109-60-4(= 1-Acetoxypropane)

1.7(= n-propyl ester acetic acid)
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
1-Bromobutane

156

109-65-9(= n-Butyl bromide)
CH3(CH2)2 CH2Br

157

109-66-0n-Pentane
CH3(CH2)3CH3

1.5

1-Chlorobutane

158

109-69-3(= n-Butyl chloride)(= n-Propylcarbinyl chloride)
CH3(CH2)2CH2Cl
1-Aminobutane

159

109-73-9(= n-Butylamine)

1.7

CH3(CH2)3NH2
1-Butanethiol(= Butanethiol)

160

109-79-5(= n-Butyl mercaptan)(= n-Butanethiol)(= 1-Mercaptobutane)
CH3(CH2)3SH
2-Methoxyethanol

161

109-86-4(= Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether)
CH3OCH2CH2OH- 19 -

2.5

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

2.2

2.2

-

1.7

1.8

2.7

2.7

-

3.0

-

1.5

-

2.3

-

1.1

-

1.5

-

0.74

-

1.1

1.0

1.0

-

1.4

Dimethoxymethane(= Methylal)(= Dimethyl acetal methanal)

162

109-87-5(= Dimethyl acetal formaldehyde)(= Dimethyl formal)(= 2,4-Dioxapentane)
CH2(OCH3)2n-Ethylethanamine

163

109-89-7(= Diethamine)(= Diethylamine)(C2H5)2NH
Formic acid ethyl ester

164

109-94-4(= Ethyl methanoate)(= Ethyl formate)
HCOOCH2CH3

165

109-95-5 orNitrous acid ethyl ester(8013-58-9)(= Ethyl nitrite ; see 5.2.2)

comment:

CH3CH2ONO

both arevalid
Tetrahydrofuran(= 1,4-Epoxybutane)

166

109-99-9(= Oxolane)(= Oxacyclopentane)

2.0(= Tetramethylene oxide)
CH2(CH2)2CH2O
Furan(= Divinylene oxide)(= Furfuran)167

110-00-9(= Tetrole)(= Oxole)(= Oxacyclopentadiene)
CH=CHCH=CHO
Tetrahydrothiophene(= Tetramethylene sulphide)168

110-01-0(= Thiolane)(= Thiophane)

1.1(= Thiocyclopentane)
CH2(CH2)2CH2S
Thiophene(= Divinylene sulphide)169

110-02-1(=Thiacyclopentadiene)(= Thiofuran)
CH=CHCH=CHS
bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl) peroxide170110-05-4(= tert-Dibutyl peroxide)(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3
Heptan-2-one(= 1-Methylhexanal)

171

110-43-0(= 2-Oxoheptane)(= Amyl methyl ketone)(= Butylacetone)
CH3CO(CH2)4CH3

172
173

110-54-3(n-Hexane)
110-62-3

Hexane (mixed isomers)(= Hexyl hydride)
CH3(CH2)4CH3
1-Pentanal(= Amyl aldehyde)- 20 -

1.2

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.6

1.6

-

1.7

1.8

1.0

1.0

1.3

-

1.1

1.2

-

1.7

1.8

-

3.2

-

1.4

-

0.8

-

1.2

1.7

-

1.1

1.3

-

1.18

-

-

(= Butyl formal)(= Valeraldehyde)
CH3 (CH2 )3CHO
1,2-Dimethoxyethane(= Monoglyme)

174

110-71-4(= Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether)(= Dimethylglycol)(= 2,5-Dioxahexane)
CH3O(CH2)2OCH3
2-Ethoxyethanol(= Ethane-1,2-diol ethyl ether)(= Ethyl cellosolve)

175

110-80-5(=3-Oxapentan-1-ol)(= Ethylene glycol ethyl ether)(= Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)
CH3CH2OCH2CH2OH
Cyclohexane(= Hexahydrobenzene)

176

110-82-7(= Hexamethylene)(= Hexanaphthene)
CH2(CH2)4CH2
Cyclohexene

177

110-83-8(= Benzene tetrahydride)(= Tetrahydrobenzene)
CH2(CH2)3CH=CH
Pyridine

178

110-86-1(= Azine)(= Azabenzene)
C5H5N
1,3,5-Trioxane

179

110-88-3(= Trioxymethylene)
OCH2OCH2OCH2Morpholine(= Diethylene imidoxide)180

110-91-8(= Diethylene oximide)

2.0(= Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine)
OCH2CH2NHCH2CH2
2-Methyl-n-(2-methylpropyl)-1- propanamine

181

110-96-3(= Diisobutylamine)((CH3)2CHCH2)2NH
Acetic acid 2-ethoxy-ethyl ester(= 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate)

182

111-15-9(= Ethylene glycol monoethyl etheracetate)(= Glycol monoethyl ether acetate)
CH3COOCH2CH2OCH2CH3
1-Hexanol(= Amylcarbinol)

183

111-27-3(= Hexyl alcohol)(= 1-Hydroxyhexane)(= Pentylcarbinol)
CH3(CH2)4CH3
1,1´-Oxybispropane

184111-43-3(= Dipropylether)(= 1-propoxy-propane)
CH3(CH2)2O
Hexahydro-1H-acepine

185111-49-9(= Azepane)
CH2 (CH2)5NH- 21 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

186

111-65-9

Name formula
n-Octane
CH3(CH2)6CH3

ISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

0.8

0.8

0.8

-

1.70

-

0.9

-

1.1

1.1

0.7

0.7

0.7

-

0.9

-

1.3

1.2

-

0.9

0.8

-

0.7

-

0.85

-

0.6

-

-

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.7

2.7

3.0

1.6

1.6

1.8

Hexanedinitrile(= 1,4-Dicyanobutane)187

111-69-3(= Adiponitrile)(= Tetramethylene cyanide)
NC(CH2 )4CN
Heptan-1-ol(= hexylcarbinol)

188

111-70-6(= heptyl alcohol)(= enanthic alcohol)(= 1-hydroxyheptane)
CH3(CH2)5CH2OH
2-Butoxyethanol(= Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)189

111-76-2(= Butyl cellosolve)(= Butylglykol)
CH3(CH2)3OCH2OH
Nonane190

111-84-2(= Nonyl hydride)
CH3(CH2)7CH2
1-Octanol(= Caprylic alcohol)

191

111-87-5(= Heptyl carbinol)(= 1-Hydroxyoctane)(= n-Octyl alcohol)
CH3(CH2)6CH2OH
2- (2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol

192

111-90-0(= Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether)(= 3,6-Dioxaoctan-1-ol)
CH3CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH
2-Butoxyethanol acetate

193

112-07-2(= Ethylene glycol monobutyl etheracetate)
C4H9O(CH2)2OCOCH3
1-Decanol

194

112-30-1(= Decyl alcohol)
CH3(CH2)9OH
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol

195

112-34-5(= Butyldiglykol)(= Diglycol monobutyl ether)
CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH

196

112-41-4

197

112-58-3

1-Dodecene
CH3(CH2)9CH=CH2
1,1´-Oxybishexane(= Dihexyl Ether)(CH3(CH2)5)2O
Propene198

115-07-1(= Methylethylene)(= Propylene)
CH2=CHCH3
Oxybismethane(= Methyl ether)199

115-10-6(= Dimethylether)(= Wood ether)(= Methoxymethane)(CH3)2O

200

115-11-7

2-Methylprop-1-ene(= 1,1-Dimethylethylene)- 22 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

10.5

10

10

-

1.2

1.2

-

1.2

1.2

-

0.9

-

2.0

2.3

-

1.8

1.8

-

1.3

-

1.7

-

1.3

-

1.7

2.5

-

1.2

1.4

-

1.4

1.9

-

-

0.7

0.7

0.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

(= Isobutylene)(= Isobutene)(= 2-Methylpropene)(CH3)2C=CH2

201

116-14-3

202

121-44-8

Tetrafluoroethylene
CF2=CF2
N,N-Diethylethanamine(= Triethylamine)(CH3CH2)3N
N,N-Dimethylbenzeneamine

203

121-69-7(= N,N-Dimethylaniline)
C6H3(CH3)2NH2
2-Ethylhexanal

204

123-05-7(= 2-Ethylhexaldehyde)
CH3CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CHO
1-Propanal

205

123-38-6(= Propionic aldehyde)
CH3CH2CHO
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpenta-2-one

206

123-42-2(= Diacetone alcohol)(= 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one)
CH3COCH2C(CH3)2OH
3-Methylbutan-1-ol

207

123-51-3(= Isoamyl alcohol)(CH3)2CH (CH2)2OH
Pentane-2,4-dione208

123-54-6(= Acetylacetone)
CH3COCH2COCH3
2,4,6-Trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane(=p-Acetaldehyde)

209123-63-7(= Paracetaldehyde)(= Paraldehyde)
OCH(CH3)OCH(CH3)OCH(CH3)
1-Butanal

210

123-72-8(= Butyraldehyde)(= Butyl aldehyde)
CH3CH2CH2CHO
Acetic acid n-butyl ester(= n-Butyl acetate)211

123-86-4(= n-Butyl ester of acetic acid)(= Butyl ethanoate)
CH3COOCH2(CH2)2CH3
1,4-Dioxane(= Diethylene dioxide)212

123-91-1(= Diethylene ether)
OCH2CH2OCH2CH2.
Octanal213

124-13-0(= Octaldehyde)
CH3(CH2)6CHO

214

124-18-5(n-Decane)

Decane(mixed isomers)
C10H22n-Methylmethanamine

215

124-40-3(= Dimethylamine)(CH3)2NH- 23 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

216

126-99-8

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.9

-

0.7

0.7

-

1.4

1.4

-

1.2

1.5

-

-

5.5

2.0

2.0

2.1

-

1.6

0.4

-

1.0

-

1.48

0.8

0.85

1.1

-

1.2

1.8

-

0.9

1.5

-

3.3

1.8

1.8

-

1.4

2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene(= Chloroprene)
CH2=CClCH=CH2

217

138-86-3

1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) cyclohexene
CH3CCHCH2CH(C(CH3)=CH2)CH2CH2
2-Propenoic acid ethyl ester(= Acrylic acid ethyl ester)218

140-88-5(= Ethyl acrylate)(= Ethyl propenoate)
CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3
2-Propenoic acid butyl ester (inhibited)(= n-Butyl acrylate)219

141-32-2(= Butyl ester of acrylic acid)(= Butyl-2-propenoate)
CH2=CHCOOC4H9
2-Aminoethanol(= Ethanolamine)(= beta-Aminoethyl alcohol)

220

141-43-5(= Ethylolamine)(= 2-Hydroxyethylamine)(= Monoethanolamine)
NH2CH2CH2OH
Acetic acid ethyl ester

221

141-78-6(= Ethyl acetate)(= Ethyl ethanoate)
CH3COOCH2CH3
4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one

222

141-79-7(= Mesityl oxide)(CH3)2CCHCOCH33-Oxobutanoic acid ethyl ester(= Acetoacetic acid ethyl ester)

223

141-97-9(= 1-Ethoxybutane-1,3-dione)(= Ethyl acetoacetate)
CH3COCH2COOCH2CH3
Cyclopentene

224

142-29-0

CH=CHCH2CH2CH.

225

142-82-5Heptane (mixed isomers)(n-Heptane)

C7H16n-Propyl-1-propanamine

226

142-84-7(= Dipropylamine)(CH3CH2CH2)2NH
1,1´-Oxybisbutane

227

142-96-1(= Dibutyl ether)(= 1-Butoxybutane)(CH3(CH2)3)2O
Ethylenimine

228

151-56-4(= Aminoethylene)(= Aziridine)
CH3CH2N
Cyclobutane229

287-23-0(= Tertamethylene)
CH2(CH2)2CH2
Cyclopentane

230

287-92-3(= Pentamethylene)
CH2(CH2)3CH2- 24 -

1.4

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

231

291-64-5

Name formula
Cycloheptane
CH2(CH2)3CH2

ISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.1

-

-

-

1.6

10.5

15.3

7.0

6.8

-

2.6

6.5

6.5

-

0.7

-

1.2

-

-

-

1.3

-

2.0

-

0.8

-

1.4

-

-

-

2.4

-

9.7

2.0

2.0

1.0

0.7

-

1.3

(+-)-α-Methylbenzeneethanamine

232

300-62-9(= Amphetamine)(=1-Phenylpropan-2-amine)
C6H5CH2CH(NH2)CH3

233

350-57-2

234

359-11-5

235

420-46-2

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethoxybenzene
C6H5OCF2CF2H
Trifluoroethylene
CF2=CFH
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane(= Methylfluoroform)

9.8

CF3CH3
Butanoyl fluoride

236

461-53-0(= Butyryl fluoride)
CH3(CH2)2COF

237

463-58-1

238

493-02-7

239

504-60-9

Carbonyl sulfide
COStrans-Decahydronaphthalene
CH2(CH2)3CHCH(CH2)3CH2

12.0

Penta-1,3-diene(= Piperylene)
CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH3

240

507-20-0

2-Chloro-2-methylpropane(CH3)3CCl
2-Methylbut-2-ene

241

513-35-9(= Amylene)(= Trimethylethylene)

1.5(CH3)2C=CHCH3

242

513-36-0

243

526-73-8

1-Chloro-2-methylpropane(CH3)2CHCH2Cl
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene(= Hemimellitene)
CHCHCH(CH3) C(CH3)C(CH3)244

534-22-5

2-Methylfuran
OC(CH3) CHCHCH
Phenylacetylene245536-74-3(= Ethynylbenzene)(= Phenyl ethyne)
C6H5C≡CH246

540-54-5

1-Chloropropane
CH3CH2CH2Cl
1,2-Dichloroethene(= Acetylene dichloride)247

540-59-0(= trans-Acetylene dichloride)(= sym-Dichloroethylene)
ClCH=CHCl
Ethyl methyl ether

248

540-67-0(= Methoxythane)
CH3OCH2CH3
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

249

540-84-1(= iso-Butyltrimethyl methane)(= iso-Octane)(CH3)2CHCH2C(CH3)3

250

540-88-5

Acetic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester(= tert-Butyl acetate)- 25 -

0.8

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

-

-

1.27

-

1.3

-

5.6

-

2.1

-

0.8

-

1.0

1.5

1.6

-

1.3

-

1.2

-

1.7

-

-

-

-

-

1.46

-

5.3

-

-

-

11.0

(= tert-Butyl ester of acetic acid)
CH3COOC(CH3)3

251

542-92-7

1,3-Cyclopentadiene
CH2CH=CHCH=CH
1,1´-Oxybis(3-methylbutane)(= Diisopentylether)252

544-01-4(= Di(3-methyl-1-butyl) ether)(= 3-Methyl-1-(3-methyl-butoxy)-butane)(CH3)2CH(CH2)2O(CH2)2CH (CH3)2

253

554-14-3

254

557-99-3

255

563-47-3

256

583-48-2

2-Methylthiophene
SC(CH3) CHCHCH
Acetyl fluoride
CH3COF
3-Chloro-2-methyl-1-propene
CH2=C(CH3)CH2Cl
3,4-Dimethylhexane
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3
Propionic acid butyl ester(= Propanoic acid, butyl ester)

257

590-01-2(= Butyl propanoate)(= Butyl propionate)
C2H5COOC4H9

258

590-18-1

2-Butene (cis)CH3CH=CHCH3
3-Methylbutanal(= iso-Pentanal)

259

590-86-3(= iso-Valeraldehyde)(= 3-Methylbutyraldehyde)(CH3)2CHCH2CHO
2-Hexanone

260591-78-6(= Hexan-2-one)(= Methyl butyl ketone)
CH3CO(CH2)3CH3
Acetic acid-2-propenyl ester(= Acetoxypropene)

261

591-87-7(= Acetic acid, allyl ester)(= Allyl acetate)
CH2=CHCH2OOCCH3

262

592-77-8

263

598-61-8

264

623-36-9

265

624-83-9

Hept-2-ene
CH3(CH2)3CH=CHCH3
Methylcyclobutane
CH3CH(CH2)2CH2
2-Methylpent-2-enal
CH3CH2CHC(CH3)COH
Methylisocyanate(= Methyl ester of isocyanic acid)
CH3NCO
Formic acid-1-methylethyl ester(= iso-Propyl formate)266

625-55-8(= Formic acid isopropyl ester)(= 1-Methylethyl formate)
HCOOCH(CH3)2
Acetic acid 1-methylbutyl ester

267

626-38-0(= sec-Amyl acetate)(= 1-Methylbutyl acetate)(= 2-Pentanol acetate)- 26 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.0

-

-

10.9

10.9

-

-

-

2.3

-

-

-

4.7

-

-

-

1.3

-

-

-

1.7

-

2.68

-

0.55

-

2.5

-

-

-

1.18

(= 2-Pentyl ester of acetic acid)
CH3COOCH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3
Acetic acid penthyl ester(= n-Amyl acetate)(= Amyl acetic ester)268

628-63-7(= 1-Pentanol acetate)(= Pentyl Acetate)(= Pentyl ester of acetic acid)(= Primary amyl acetate)
CH3COO(CH2)4CH3
1,2-Diethoxyethane269

629-14-1(= 3,6-Dioxaoctane)
CH3CH2O(CH2)2OCH2CH3
Carbon monoxide (water saturated air at 18°

270

630-08-0

C; see 5.2.3)

12.5

CO
2-Ethyl-2-hexenal

271

645-62-5(= Ethylpropylacrolein)
CH3CH(CH2CH3)=CH(CH2)2CH3
1,3-Dioxolane(= glycolformal)

272

646-06-0(= formaldehyde ethylene acetal)(= ethylene glycol formal)
OCH2CH2OCH2
4-Methylene-2-oxetanone(= Acetyl ketene)273674-82-8(= But-3-en-3-olide)(= Diketene)
CH2=CCH2C(O)O

274

677-21-4

275

693-65-2

3,3,3-Trifluoroprop-1-ene
CF3CH=CH2
1,1´-Oxybispentane(= Dipentylether)(CH3(CH2)4)2O

276

760-23-6

277

764-48-7

3,4-Dichlorobut-1-ene
CH2=CHCHClCH2Cl
理研計器標準+A1:G304
1-Cyclopropyl ethanone278765-43-5(= acetylcyclopropane)(= Cyclopropyl methyl ketone)
CH2CH2CHCOCH3
Acryloyl chloride

279

814-68-6(= Propenoyl chloride)(= Acrylic acid chloride)
CH2CHCOCl

280

872-05-9

1-Decene
CH2(CH2)8CH3
Methacryloyl chloride

281

920-46-7(= Methacrylic acid chloride)(= 2-Methyl-2-propenoyl chloride)
CH2CCH3COCl

282

926-57-8

1,3-Dichloro-2-butene
CH3CCI=CHCH2Cl
2-Methoxy-2-methyl-butane283

994-05-8(= 1,1-Dimethylpropyl methyl ether)(= Methyl tert-pentyl ether)(CH3)2C(OCH3)CH2CH3- 27 -

4.0

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

284

1120-56-5

285

1122-03-8

286

1300-73-8

Name formula
Methylenecyclobutane
C(=CH2)(CH2)2CH2
4,4,5-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxane
OCH2OCH(CH3)C(CH3)2CH2

ISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

1.25

-

-

-

1.0

-

1.1

1.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

-

-

-

1.5

-

1.05

-

0.9

-

2.0

-

3.4

-

1.57

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.6

-

1.9

-

2.1

-

1.2

Xylidenes (Mixture of isomers)(= Xylidine)
C6H3(CH3)2NH2

287

1319-77-3(o-Cresol)288

1333-74-0

289

1498-64-2

Cresol(mixed isomers)
CH3C6H4OH
Hydrogen
H2
O-Ethyl phosphoro dichloridothioate
C2H5OPSCl2
2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane

290

1634-04-4(= tert-Butyl methylether)(= Methyl tert-butylether)

1.6

CH3OC(CH3)3

291

1640-89-7

292

1678-91-7

Ethylcyclopentane
CH3CH2CH(CH2)3CH2
Ethylcyclohexane
CH3CH2CH(CH2)4CH2
Nitric acid-1-methylethyl ester(= iso-Propyl nitrate)293

1712-64-7(= Nitric acid isopropyl ester)(= Propane-2-nitrate)(CH3)2CHONO2
Dichlorodiethylsilane294

1719-53-5(= Diethyl-dichloro-silane)(C2H5)2SiCl2295

1738-25-6

296

2032-35-1

3-(Dimethylamino) propiononitrile(CH3)2NHCH2CH2CN
2-Bromo-1,1-diethoxyethane(CH3CH2O)2CHCH2Br(Butoxymethyl)oxirane(= n-Butyl glycidil ether)297

2426-08-6(= Butyl 2,3- Epoxypropylether)(= 1,2-Epoxy-3-butoxypropane)(CH2)3OCH2
CH3CH2(CH2)3O CH2 CHCH2O
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluoro-1,1-

298

2673-15-6

dimethylpentan-1-ol
H(CF2CF2)2C(CH3)2OH
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-Dodecafluoroheptyl2992993-85-3

methacrylate
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2(CF2)6H
1,4-Dichloro-2,3 Epoxybutane

300

3583-47-9(= 2,3-bis(chloromethyl) oxirane)
CH2ClCH2CHCHOCH2Cl.
2-Butenal(= Crotonaldehyde)

301

4170-30-3(= beta-Methyl acrolein)(= Propylene aldehyde)
CH3CH=CHCHO

302

4806-61-5

Ethylcyclobutane
CH3CH2CH(CH2)2CH2- 28 -

0.9

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

303

5870-82-6

304

5891-21-4

Name formula
1,1,3-Triethoxybutane(CH3CH2O)2CHCH2CH(CH3CH2O)CH3
5-Chloro-2-pentanone
CH3CO(CH2)3Cl

ISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

0.78

-

2.0

-

2.4

-

-

15.4

15

15.0

-

4.0

4.0

-

1.4

-

0.8

0.8

-

0.7

0.7

-

1.2

-

-

-

0.9

-

-

-

1.3

-

-

-

7.0

-

1.1

-

-

-

1.9

2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl acrylate

305

7383-71-3(= Acrylic acid 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-propyl ester)(= 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro propyl prop-2- enoate)
CH2=CHCOOCH2CF2CF2H
Hydroxyacetic butylester306

7397-62-8(= Butyl glycolate)(= Butyl-2-hydroxyacetate)
HOCH2COO(CH2)3CH3
Ammonia

307

7664-41-7(= Anhydrous ammonia)
NH3
Hydrogen Sulfide(= Hydrosulfuric acid)308

7783-06-4(= Sewer gas)(= Sulfuretted hydrogen)
H2S
Gasoline309

8006-61-9(= Motor fuel)(= Natural gasoline)(= Petrol)

310

8006-64-2

311

8008-20-6

Turpentine oil
Kerosene(= Diesel Oil No. 1)(= Fuel Oil No. 1)

312

17639-76-8

313

20260-76-8

314

25377-83-7

Methyl-2-methoxypropionate
CH3CH(CH3O)COOCH3
2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridine
NC(CH3)CHCHC(CH2=CH)CH
Octene (mixed isomers)
C8H16
Methylcyclohexanol (mixed isomers)

315

25639-42-3(= Hexahydromethyl phenol)(= Hexahydrocresol)
C7H13OH

316

26519-91-5

317

29553-26-2

Methylcyclopentadiene-1,3(CH3)C=CHCH=CHCH2
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1,1-dimethylpropan- 1-ol
HCF2CF2C(CH3)2OH
Paraformaldehyde(= Polyoxymethylene)

31830525-89-4(= Polymerised formaldehyde)(= Formaldehyde polymer)
poly(CH2O)(2-Methoxymethylethoxy)propanol

319

34590-94-8(= Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether)
H3COC3H6OC3H6OH
2-iso-Propyl-5-methylhex-2-enal

320

35158-25-9-(= 2-Hexenal, 5-methyl-2-(1- methylethyl))(CH3)2CH-C(CHO)CHCH2CH(CH3)2

321

45102-52-1

2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl methacrylat(= 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro propyl 2- methylprop-2-- 29 -

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
NO.

CAS-No.

Name formulaISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

-

0.6

-

8.0

-

-

-

-

-

1.5

-

-

-

-

enoate)CH2=C(CH2)COOCH2CF2CF2H
Diesel Oil No. 2322

68476-34-6(= Diesel fuel No. 2)(=Fuel Oil No. 2)
1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl ether

323

No CAS

324

No CAS325

No CAS

326

No CAS

327

No CAS

328

No CAS

329

7784-42-1

Arsine

3.9

-

5.1

330

74-83-9

Bromomethan

8.6

-

8.6

331

590-19-2

1,2-Butadiene

1.4

-

332

624-64-6trans-Butene

1.5

-

333

75-68-3

Chlorodifluoroethane (R142b)

6.3

-

334

460-19-5

Cyanogen

3.9

-

335

7782-39

Deuterium

6.7

-

5.0

336

19287-45-7

Diborane

0.9

-

0.8

337

4109-96-0

Dichlorosilane

2.5

-

4.1

338

75-37-6

Difluoroethane (R152a)

4.0

-

3.7

339

463-82-1

Dimethylpropane (neopentane)

1.3

-

340

353-36-6

Fluoroethane

3.8

-

341

7782-65-2

Germane

1.0

-

342

7783-03-5

Hydrogen selenide

4.0

-

343

7783-06-4

Hydrogen sulfide

3.9

-

344

624-91-9

Methyl nitrite

5.3

-

345

992-94-9

Methyl silane

1.3

-

346

563-45-1

Methylbutene (3-methylbut-1-ene)

1.5

-

347

7803-51-2

Phosphine

1.6

-

348

463-49-0

Propadiene

1.9

-

349

7803-62-5

Silane1.4-

CF3CHClOCH3
Coke oven gas(see 5.2.1)
Fuel oil-6
4-Methylenetetra-hydropyran
OCH2CH2C(=CH2) CH2CH2
2-Methylhexa-3,5-dien-2-ol
CH2=CHC=CHC(OH)(CH3)2
Water gas
Mixture of CO + H2

- 30 -

7.8

0.8

4.0

1.8

0.8

3. Combustible Gas Hazards
3-4. Physical properties of combustible gases
ISO

IEC60079-20-1

RIKEN

10156 4th ed.

LEL(vol%)Standard

Trimethylsilane

1.3-

593-60-2

Vinyl bromide

5.6

-

352

75-02-5

Vinyl fluoride

2.9

-

353

107-25-5

Vinyl methyl ether

2.2

-

354

503-17-3

Dimethyl acetylene (2-butyne, crotonylene)

1.4

-

355

112-40-3

n-Dodecane

0.6

-

356

78-00-2

Lead tetraethyl (tetraethyllead)

1.8

-

357

75-09-2

Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)

13.0

-

358

13465-78-6

Monochlorosilane

1.0

-

359

13463-39-3

Nickel carbonyl (tetracarbonylnickel)

0.9

-

360

110-74-7

Propyl formate

2.1

-

NO.

CAS-No.

350

993-07-7

351

Name formula- 31 -

1.4

13.0

4. Toxic Gas Hazards
4-1. Toxic gas hazards

44.

Toxic Gas Hazards

4-1. Toxic gas hazards
The gases used or generated as process byproduct gases in a wide range of industries
include toxic gases that can cause serious health damage or even death in humans, evenat extremely low concentrations.
Certain gases like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) have a distinct odor thatallows us humans to detect their presence. Even so, the human olfactory sense is unable
to determine whether concentrations have reached potentially harmful threshold levels(in the case of H2S TLV-TWA: 1 ppm, ACGIH 2018).
1 ppm corresponds to the concentration obtained, for example, by adding just a single
drop (1 mL = 1 g or 1 cc) of toxic liquid into a large 1,000 L (1 t or 1 m3) tank of waterand mixing thoroughly. Suppose the single drop (1 ppm) is a drop of soy sauce. Not only
would it be impossible to detect this visually after mixing, it would be impossible todetect by taste. While gases differ from liquids, many toxic gases are both colorless andodorless.
One such example of a toxic gas is carbon monoxide (CO), a potentially fatal gas thatcan be generated by the incomplete combustion of gas heaters in homes. Itʼs sometimes
referred to as a silent killer, due to its capacity to poison or kill undetected.

- 32 -

4. Toxic Gas Hazards

4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases

4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases
ChemicalformulaACGIH 2018
STEL

Name formula（ACGIH）

CASNo.

Acetaldehyde
Acetic acidAcetic anhydride
AcetoneAcetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Allyl alcohol
Aｌlyl chloride
Allyl glycidyl ether(AGE)
Ammonia
AnilineAntimony hydride
ArsineBenzeneBenzyl chloride
Boron tribromide
Boron trifluoride
BromineBromine pentafluoride
1-Bromopropane
1,3-Butadiene
Butane, all isomers
Butane, all isomers
n-Butanol
sec-Butanol
tert-Butanol
Butenes, all isomers
Isobutene
Butenes, all isomers
Isobutene
Butenes, all isomers
Isobutene
2-Butoxyethanol(EGBE)
2-Butoxyethyl
acetate(EGBEA)
n-Butyl acetate
tert-Butyl acetate
n-Butyl acrylate
n-Butylamine
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrabromide

75-07-0
64-19-7
108-24-7
67-64-1
75-05-8
98-86-2
107-02-8
79-10-7
107-13-1
107-18-6
107-05-1
106-92-3
7664-41-7
62-53-37803-52-3
7784-42-1
71-43-2
100-44-7
10294-33-4
7637-07-2
7726-95-6
7789-30-2
106-94-5
106-99-0
75-28-5
106-97-8
71-36-3
78-92-2
75-65-0
106-98-9

C2H4O
C2H4O2C4H6O3
C3H6O
C2H3N
C8H8O
C3H4O
C3H4O2C3H3N
C3H6O
C3H5CL
C6H10O2
NH3
C6H7N
H3Sb
AsH3
C6H6
C7H7CL
BBr3
BF3
Br2
BrF5
C3H7Br
C4H6
C4H10
C4H10
C4H10OC4H10OC4H10O
C4H8

20ppm
100ppm100ppm
250ppm115-11-7

C4H8

250ppm107-01-7

C4H8

250ppm111-76-2
112-07-2

C6H14O2
C8H16O3

20ppm
20ppm

123-86-4
540-88-5
141-32-2
109-73-9
124-38-9
75-15-0
630-08-0
558-13-4

C6H12O2
C6H12O2
C7H12O2
C4H11N
CO2
CS2
CO
CBr4

150ppm200ppm2ppm

200ppm

5000ppm
1ppm
25ppm
0.1ppm30,000ppm- 33 -

TWA
10ppm
1ppm
500ppm
20ppm
10ppm

C
25ppm

15ppm
3ppm
750ppm

0.1ppm2ppm
2ppm
0.5ppm
1ppm
1ppm
25ppm
2ppm
0.1ppm
0.005ppm
0.5ppm
1ppm

2ppm
35ppm

2.5ppm1ppm
1ppm

0.1ppm
0.1ppm
0.1ppm2ppm

0.2ppm1000ppm
1000ppm

5ppm

0.3ppm4. Toxic Gas Hazards

4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases

Chemicalformula
CCL4
COF2
COS
C6H6O2
CL2
CLO2
CLF3
C6H5CLCH2CLBrCHF2CLCHCL3
C2F5CLCNO2CL3
C7H7CL
C9H12
C6H12
C6H12OC6H10O
C6H10
Ｃ5Ｈ6
C5H10
C6H12O2
B2H6
C6H4CL2

ACGIH 2018

Name formula（ACGIH）

CASNo.

Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonyl fluoride
Carbonyl sulfide
Catechol
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine trifluoride
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobromomethane
Chlorodifluoromethane
Chloroform
Chloropentafluoroethane
Chloropicrin
o-Chlorotoluene
CumeneCyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclopentadiene
Cyclopentane
Diacetone alcohol
Diboraneo-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethylene, allisomers
1,2-Dichloroethylene, allisomers
Dichlorofluoromethane
Dichloromethane
1,3-Dichloropropene
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Dicyclopentadiene
Diethylamine
Diethylene glycol monobutyl
ether
Diethyl ketone
Difluorodibromomethane
Diisobutyl ketone
Diisopropylamine
N,N-Dimethyl acetamide
Dimethylamine
Dimethylaniline
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethylformamide
Dimethyl sulfate
Dimethyl sulfide

56-23-5
353-50-4
463-58-1
120-80-97782-50-510049-04-4
7790-91-2
108-90-7
74-97-5
75-45-6
67-66-3
76-15-3
76-06-2
95-49-8
98-82-8
110-82-7
108-93-0
108-94-1
110-83-8
542-92-7
287-92-3
123-42-2
19287-45-7
95-50-1(ortho)
106-46-7(para)
75-71-8
75-34-3
156-59-2

CF2CL2C2H4CL2
C2H2CL2

10ppm
200ppm1000ppm
10ppm
1000ppm
0.1ppm50ppm
50ppm
100ppm50ppm
20ppm
300ppm75ppm
600ppm50ppm
0.1ppm25ppm(ortho)
10ppm(para)
1000ppm
100ppm200ppm156-60-5

C2H2CL2

200ppm75-43-4
75-09-2
542-75-6
76-14-2
77-73-6
109-89-7
112-34-5

CHFCL2
CH2CL2C3H4CL2
C2F4CL2
C10H12
C4H11N
C8H18O3

10ppm
50ppm
1ppm
1000ppm
5ppm
5ppm

96-22-075-61-6
108-83-8
108-18-9
127-19-5
124-40-3
121-69-7
624-92-0
68-12-2
77-78-1
75-18-3

C5H10O
CF2Br2
C9H18OC6H15N
C4H9NO
C2H7N
C8H11NC2H6S2C3H7NOC2H6O4S
C2H6S

200ppm100ppm
25ppm
5ppm
10ppm
5ppm
5ppm
0.5ppm10ppm
0.1ppm10ppm- 34 -

TWA
5ppm
2ppm
5ppm
5ppm
0.5ppm
0.1ppm

STEL
10ppm
5ppm

C

1ppm
0.3ppm
0.1ppm50ppm

50ppm(ortho)

15ppm

10ppm
300ppm

15ppm
10ppm

4. Toxic Gas Hazards

Name formula（ACGIH）
1,4-Dioxane
1,3-Dioxolane
Divinyl benzene
Enflurane
Epichlorohydrin
Ethanol
Ethanolamine
2-Ethoxyethanol(EGEE)
2-Ethoxyethyl
acetate(EGEEA)
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylamine
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl bromide
Ethyｌ tert-butyl ether
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene
Ethylene chlorohydrin
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene oxide
Ethyleneimine
Ethyl ether
Ethyl formate
Ethylidene norbornene
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl silicate
Fluorine
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Formic acidFurfuralFurfuryl alcohol
Gasoline
Germanium tetrahydride
Halothane
Heptane, all isomers
Hexafluoroacetone

Hexafluoropropylene
n-Hexane
Hexane isomers, other thann-Hexane
1-Hexene
Hydrazine
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride

4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases

CASNo.
123-91-1
646-06-0
1321-74-013838-16-9
106-89-8
64-17-5
141-43-5
110-80-5
111-15-9

ChemicalformulaC4H8O2C3H6O2
C10H10C3H2ClF5O
C3H5OCL
C2H6O
C2H7NOC4H10O2
C6H12O3ACGIH 2018
TWA
20ppm
20ppm
10ppm
75ppm
0.5ppm
3ppm
5ppm
5ppm

141-78-6
140-88-5
75-04-7
100-41-4
74-96-4
637-92-3
75-00-3
74-85-1
107-07-3
107-15-3
107-06-2
75-21-8
151-56-4
60-29-7
109-94-4
16219-75-3
75-08-1
78-10-47782-41-4
50-00-0
50-00-0
64-18-6
98-01-1
98-00-068606-10-0
86290-81-5
7782-65-2
151-67-7
142-82-5
684-16-2
34202-69-2(trihydrate)

C4H8O2C5H8O2C2H7N
C8H10C2H5BrC6H14OC2H5CL
C2H4
C2H5OCL
C2H8N2C2H4CL2
C2H4O
C2H5N
C4H10OC3H6O2C9H12
C2H6S
C8H20O4Si
F2
CH2O
CH2O
CH2O2
C5H4O2C5H6O2

400ppm
5ppm
5ppm
20ppm
5ppm
25ppm
100ppm200ppmGeH4
C2HF3CLBr
C7H16
C3OF6

0.2ppm50ppm
400ppm
0.1ppm116-15-4
110-54-3
75-83-2

C3F6
C6H14
C6H14

0.1ppm50ppm
500ppm592-41-6
302-01-2
10035-10-6
7647-01-0

C6H12
N2H4
HBr
HCL

50ppm
0.01ppm- 35 -

STEL

C

1000ppm
6ppm

15ppm
15ppm

1ppm
10ppm
10ppm
1ppm
0.05ppm
400ppm2ppm
0.5ppm10ppm
1ppm

0.1ppm500ppm100ppm4ppm

2ppm
0.3ppm
0.3ppm

5ppm
2ppm
10ppm
300ppm10ppm
15ppm
500ppm500ppm1000ppm
2ppm
2ppm
2ppm
2ppm

4. Toxic Gas Hazards

4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases

ACGIH 2018

74-90-87664-39-3
7722-84-1
7783-07-5
7783-06-4
7553-56-2
13463-40-6
78-83-1
110-19-0
78-59-1
108-21-4
75-31-0
108-20-3
141-79-7
79-41-4
67-56-1
109-86-4
110-49-6

Chemicalformula
CHN
HF
H2O2
H2Se
H2S
I2
C5O5FeC4H10OC6H12O2
C9H14OC5H10O2C3H9N
C6H14OC6H10OC4H6O2CH4O
C3H8O2
C5H10O3

100ppm5ppm
250ppm15ppm
20ppm
200ppm
0.1ppm
0.1ppm34590-94-8

C7H16O3

100ppm150ppm107-98-2
107-98-2
107-98-2
79-20-974-99-7
96-33-3
126-98-7
109-87-5
74-89-5
110-43-0
74-83-91634-04-4

C4H10O2
C4H10O2
C4H10O2C3H6O2
C3H4
C4H6O2C4H5N
C3H8O2CH5N
C7H14O
CH3Br
C5H12O

50ppm
50ppm
50ppm
200ppm1000ppm
2ppm
1ppm
1000ppm
5ppm
50ppm
1ppm
50ppm

100ppm100ppm100ppm
250ppm591-78-6
74-87-3
71-55-6
108-87-2
78-93-3
107-31-3
60-34-4
74-88-4
110-12-3
108-11-2
108-10-1
563-80-4
74-93-1
80-62-6
681-84-5
98-83-9

C6H12O
CH3CL
C2H3CL3C7H14
C4H8O
C2H4O2
CH6N2
CH3I
C7H14OC6H14OC6H12OC5H10OCH4S
C5H8O2
C4H12O4Si
C9H10

5ppm
50ppm
350ppm
400ppm200ppm100ppm0.01ppm
2ppm
20ppm
25ppm
20ppm
20ppm
0.5ppm
50ppm
1ppm
10ppm

Name formula（ACGIH）

CASNo.

Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride, as F
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen selenide, as Se
Hydrogen sulfide
IodineIron pentacarbonyl
Isobutanol
Isobutyl acetate
Isophorone
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropylamine
Isopropyl ether
Mesityl oxide
Methacrylic acid
Methanol
2-Methoxyethanol(EGME)
2-Methoxyethyl acetate(EGMEA)(2-Methoxymethylethoxy)
propanol(DPGME)
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methylacrylonitrile
MethylalMethylamine
Methyl n-amyl ketone
Methyl bromide
Methyl tert-butyl
ether(MTBE)
Methyl n-butyl ketone
Methyl chloride
Methyl chloroform
Methyl cyclohexane
Methyl ethyl ketone(MEK)
Methyl formate
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isoamyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl carbinol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isopropyl ketone
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl silicate
α-Methyl styrene- 36 -

TWA
0.5ppm1ppm
0.05ppm
1ppm
0.01ppm
0.1ppm50ppm
150ppmSTEL

C
4.7ppm5ppm
0.1ppm
0.2ppm5ppm
200ppm
10ppm
310ppm25ppm
250ppm

15ppm

10ppm
100ppm450ppm300ppm150ppm

50ppm
40ppm
75ppm

100ppm4. Toxic Gas Hazards

4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases

ACGIH 2018

Name formula（ACGIH）

CASNo.

Methyl vinyl ketone
Morpholine
Naphthalene
Nitric acid
Nitric oxide
Nitrobenzene
Nitroethane
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen trifluoride
2-Nitropropane
Nitrous oxide
NonaneOctane, all isomers
Octane, all isomers
Osmium tetroxide, as Os
Ozone

78-94-4
110-91-8
91-20-37697-37-2
10102-43-9
98-95-3
79-24-3
10102-44-0
7783-54-2
79-46-910024-97-2
111-84-2
540-84-1
111-65-920816-12-0
10028-15-6

Chemicalformula
C4H6O
C4H9NO
C10H8
HNO3
NO
C6H5NO2C2H5NO2
NO2
NF3
C3H7NO2
N2O
C9H20
C8H18
C8H18
OsO4
O3

Pentane, all isomers
Pentane, all isomers
2,4-Pentanedione
Pentyl acetate, all isomers
PhenolPhenyl mercaptan
Phosgene
Phosphine
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus trichloride
n-Propanol(n-Propyl
alcohol)
2-Propanol
Propionaldehyde
Propionic acidn-Propyl acetate
Propylene
Propylene dichloride
Propylene oxide
Propyleneimine
Pyridine
Silicon tetrahydride
Styrene, monomer
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur tetrafluoride
Sulfuryl fluoride
1,1,2,2,-Tetrabromoethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2difluoroethane

78-78-4
109-66-0
123-54-6
123-92-2
108-95-2
108-98-5
75-44-57803-51-2
10025-87-3
10026-13-8
7719-12-2
71-23-8

C5H12
C5H12
C5H8O2
C7H14O2
C6H6O
C6H6S
COCL2
PH3
POCL3
PCL5
PCL3
C3H8O

1000ppm
1000ppm
25ppm
50ppm
5ppm
0.1ppm
0.1ppm
0.3ppm
0.1ppm
0.1ppm
0.2ppm100ppm

67-63-0
123-38-6
79-09-4
109-60-4
115-07-1
78-87-5
75-56-975-55-8
110-86-1
7803-62-5
100-42-5
7446-09-5
2551-62-4
7783-60-0
2699-79-8
79-27-6
76-12-0

C3H8O
C3H6O
C3H6O2
C5H10O2
C3H6
C3H6CL2
C3H6O
C3H7N
C5H5N
SiH4
C8H8
SO2
SF6
SF4
SO2F2
C2H2Br4
C2F2CL4

200ppm20ppm
10ppm
200ppm500ppm10ppm
2ppm
0.2ppm
1ppm
5ppm
20ppm

- 37 -

TWA
20ppm
10ppm
2ppm
25ppm
1ppm
100ppm
0.2ppm
10ppm
10ppm
50ppm
200ppm300ppm300ppm0.0002ppm
0.05ppm
0.08ppm
0.1ppm
0.2ppmSTEL

C
0.2ppm4ppm

0.0006ppm

100ppm1ppm

0.5ppm

400ppm

250ppm

0.4ppm40ppm
0.25ppm

1000ppm
0.1ppm5ppm
0.1ppm
50ppm

10ppm

4. Toxic Gas Hazards

4-2. Threshold limit values of toxic gases

ChemicalformulaC2H2CL4
C2CL4
C2F4
C4H8O
SOCL2
C7H8
C6H3Cl3
C2HCL3CFCL3
C3H5CL3
C2F3CL3

ACGIH 2018

Name formula（ACGIH）

CASNo.

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrafluoroethylene
Tetrahydrofuran
Thionyl chloride
Toluene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2trifluoroethane
Triethylamine
Trifluorobromomethane
Trimethylamine
Trimethyl benzene(mixed isomers)

79-34-5
127-18-4
116-14-3
109-99-9
7719-09-7
108-88-3
120-82-1
79-01-6
75-69-4
96-18-4
76-13-1
121-44-8
75-63-875-50-3
108-67-8
25551-13-7(mixed isomers )C6H15N
CF3Br
C3H9N
C9H12

1ppm
1000ppm
5ppm
25ppm

Trimethyl phosphite
Turpentine and selected
monoterpenes
Turpentine and selected
monoterpenes
n-Valeraldehyde
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl chloride
4-Vinyl cyclohexene
N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
Vinylidene chloride
Vinylidene fluoride
Xylene(o, m & p isomers)
Xylene(o, m & p isomers)
Xylene(o, m & p isomers)
Xylene(o, m & p isomers)

121-45-98006-64-2

C3H9O3P
C10H162ppm

80-56-8

C10H1620ppm

110-62-3
108-05-4
75-01-4
100-40-3
88-12-075-35-4
75-38-7
1330-20-7
95-47-6(ortho)
108-38-3(meta)
106-42-3(para)

C5H10OC4H6O2C2H3CL
C8H12
C6H9NOC2H2CL2C2H2F2
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10

50ppm
10ppm
1ppm
0.1ppm
0.05ppm
5ppm
500ppm100ppm100ppm100ppm100ppm- 38 -

TWA
1ppm
25ppm
2ppm
50ppm

STEL

C

100ppm100ppm
0.2ppm

20ppm
5ppm
10ppm

25ppm
1000ppm

10ppm
1000ppm

1250ppm
3ppm
15ppm

20pm

15ppm

150ppm150ppm150ppm150ppm5. Oxygen Deficiency Hazards
5-1. Oxygen deficiency

55.

Oxygen Deficiency Hazards

5-1. Oxygen deficiency
Oxygen is an essential substance for maintaining human biological function. Anoxia
has serious effects on the human body, the brain in particular. Anoxia is anextremely hazardous state associated with high mortality rates in the workplace.
Looking at industrial accidents in Japan related to oxygen deficiency, we see thatthe majority occur in the manufacturing and construction sectors, with several toseveral dozens of victims each year.
The Ordinance on Prevention of Anoxia, etc. of the Industrial Safety and Health Act
of Japan describes oxygen deficiency as a condition in which the concentration ofoxygen in the air is less than 18 %. Gas detectors are used to confirm that oxygen
concentrations are at least 18 %.
Oxygen deficiency symptoms
O2 Concentration

O2 Concentration

O2 Concentration

O2 Concentration

O2 Concentration

O2 Concentration- 39 -

5. Oxygen Deficiency Hazards
5-1. Oxygen deficiency
Oxygen deficiency thresholds in different countries
RegionRegulation

Oxygen deficiency thresholdJapan

Industrial Safety and Health Act
Ordinance on Prevention of Anoxia, etc.

18.0 %USA

OSHA
Occupational safety and health regulations

19.5 %

Europe (UK)

CoGDEM

19.5 %* OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration* CoGDEM: UK Council of Gas Detection and Environmental Monitoring

5-2. Three main causes of oxygen deficiency
1. Consumption of oxygen in the air
Main causes for oxygen consumption:
Oxidation of iron and other metals (ironsand, metal pipes, metal tanks),
oxidation of paint, biological oxygen consumption (respiration by humans
and microorganisms)
2. Discharge or inflow of oxygen-deficient air
Oxygen-deficient air generated by a wide range of factors can cause anoxia if it isdischarged or flows into an oxygen-deficient location due to work specifics,
construction methods, or weather conditions.
3. Methane generation or inflow of inert gas
Oxygen deficiency can be caused by the discharge of methane, present in thenatural world, or by leaks from tanks or pipes of inert gases (e.g., nitrogen,carbon dioxide, argon) used in manufacturing industries.

5-3. Excess oxygen
While oxygen is essential to human biological function, continuous exposure to highconcentrations or high partial pressures can lead to oxygen poisoning. Oxygen
poisoning causes generalized convulsion and loss of consciousness̶and, in theworst case, death. In environments where excess oxygen may arise, gasconcentrations must be monitored not just for oxygen deficiency (under 18 %), but
to prevent excessive concentrations.

- 40 -

6. Typical Areas That Require Gas Detection
6-1. Gas detector market

6
6.

Typical Areas That Require
Gas Detection

6-1. Gas detector market
The gas detector market comprises all markets where gas is used.

1. Laboratories, universities, hospitals
Research facilities using a wide rangeof gases, including combustible andtoxic gases, adopt measures toensure the safety of research staff,
such as detecting gas leaks swiftly bymonitoring the environment using
Riken Keiki fixed gas detectors.
Aside from gas detectors, analysis
systems capable of performing both
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses on site are used
for applications like research of cultural properties that cannot be moved.

- 41 -

6. Typical Areas That Require Gas Detection
6-1. Gas detector market

2. Electronics industry
Plants manufacturing semiconductors
and LCD panels use what are known
as special material gases (highly toxic
and combustible gases), including
silane, arsine, and phosphine. With
these gases, leaks at even minuteconcentrations (several ppm to several
tens of ppm) are unacceptable.
Plants manufacturing semiconductors and LCD panels may have several
hundred or several thousand Riken Keiki gas detectors deployed to protect
workers from gas leaks. These detectors contain potentiostatic electrolysis
method sensors capable of detecting gas leaks on the order of several ppm.

3. Steel industry
Gases generated as byproducts in steel
manufacturing processes (coke gas,
blast furnace gas, converter gas)contain high levels of hydrogen andcarbon monoxide. These gases arereused as fuel for power generation at
steel plants.
Riken Keiki portable gas detectors
protect workers inside steel plants from explosion and poisoning hazards.

4. Oil refining and petrochemical industry
The oil refining and petrochemicalindustry handles a wide range of
combustible and toxic gases in its
manufacturing processes. Riken Keiki
fixed and portable gas detectors areused in applications ranging fromdetecting combustible and toxic gas
leaks from equipment and pipes toprocess management and working environment measurements.
Fixed toxic gas environmental monitors are also increasingly being used for
toxic gas management at plant boundaries.

- 42 -

6. Typical Areas That Require Gas Detection
6-1. Gas detector market

5. Volcanic and hot spring sites
Volcanic gases are generated nearvolcanic craters and in areas where hotsprings discharge. These volcanic
gases contain toxic sulfur dioxide andhydrogen sulfide, which are harmful tohumans if inhaled. The concentrationsof these gases vary continuously due
to volcanic activity and other factors.
Riken Keikiʼs fixed sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide detectors monitor gas
concentrations around the clock to protect workers and tourists.

6. Food industry
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are usedin the food industry in packaging
processes to prevent the oxidation offood. Since these gases are suffocatinggases, Riken Keiki oxygen detectors
are installed in food factories toprotect workers from anoxia.

7. Construction industry
Underground excavation work ofunderground tunnel construction andwork inside manholes can expose
workers to hydrogen sulfide
generation and oxygen-deficientconditions caused by oxygenconsuming bacteria found inunderground strata. Riken Keikiʼsportable oxygen detectors and hydrogen sulfide detectors protect workers fromhazards posed by oxygen deficiency and hydrogen sulfide poisoning.

- 43 -

6. Typical Areas That Require Gas Detection
6-1. Gas detector market

8. Firefighting and rescue
Fire and disaster scenes expose
personnel to various hazards,
including explosions due to
combustible gases, oxygen deficiency,
carbon monoxide poisoning due toincomplete combustion, and toxic
gases like hydrogen sulfide.
Riken Keikiʼs four-gas personalmonitors are used to monitor four different gases simultaneously. Theyʼre ideal
for situations where the specific hazardous gases present are unknown.

9. Shipping and shipbuilding
Vessels transporting large volumes ofcrude oil, LNG, or LPG face the risk of
combustible gas leaks from their cargotanks. Riken Keikiʼs fixed gas detectors
monitor for gas leaks. They ensureswift detection and prevent the
explosions and marine pollution thatleaks may cause.
In addition, Riken Keikiʼs portable gas detectors are worn by workers during
construction work to protect against dangerous oxygen deficiency and toxic gas
poisoning.

10. Aerospace
Rocket fuels incorporate hydrogen, ahighly explosive combustible gas, andhydrazine,

a

gas

toxic

to

humans.

Monitoring these gases is essential for
safety.
Explosion-proof gas detectors are used toensure safety at locations associated withhigh explosion risks̶for example, areas where rocket fuel is handled.

- 44 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-1. RIKEN Gas sensor technologies

77.

Gas detection technologies

7-1. RIKEN Gas sensor technologies
The Riken Keiki has many gas sensor technologies in order to deal with diverse
environments and gas types in a wide range of industries. In this document, we will
introduce the following 13 types that are typically used in industry.

1.

Catalytic Combustion Method

2.

New Ceramic Catalytic Method3.

Semi-Conductor Method

4.

Hot Wire Type Semi-Conductor Method

5.

Thermal Conductivity Method

6.

Potentiostatic Electrolysis Method

7.

Membrane-Separated Electrode Method

8.

Membrane Type Galvanic Cell Method

9.

Non-Dispersive Infrared Method

10.

Interferometer11.

Chemical Tape Method

12.

Photo-Ionization Detector

13

Pyrolysis-Particle Detection Method

Method- 45 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-2. Catalytic Combustion Method

7-2. Catalytic Combustion Method- 46 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-3. New Ceramic Catalytic Method

7-3. New Ceramic Catalytic Method- 47 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-4. Semi-Conductor Method

7-4. Semi-Conductor Method- 48 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-5. Hot Wire Type Semi-Conductor Method7-5. Hot Wire Type Semi-Conductor Method- 49 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-6. Thermal Conductivity Method

7-6. Thermal Conductivity Method- 50 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-7. Potentiostatic Electrolysis Method7-7. Potentiostatic Electrolysis Method- 51 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-8. Membrane-Separated Electrode Method

7-8. Membrane-Separated Electrode Method- 52 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-9. Membrane Type Galvanic Cell Method

7-9. Membrane Type Galvanic Cell Method- 53 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-10. Non-Dispersive Infrared Method

7-10. Non-Dispersive Infrared Method- 54 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-11. Interferometer Method

7-11. Interferometer Method- 55 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-12. Chemical Tape Method

7-12. Chemical Tape Method- 56 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-13. Photo-Ionization Detector

7-13. Photo-Ionization Detector- 57 -

7. Gas detection technologies
7-14. Pyrolysis-Particle Detection Method

7-14. Pyrolysis-Particle Detection Method- 58 -

8. Selecting Gas Detectors
8-1. Gas detector selection8
8.

Selecting Gas Detectors

8-1. Gas detector selection
Gas detection can be based on several different principles. Itʼs essential to selectthe correct detection principle for the given target gas type, environment, andpurpose.

1. What gas is to be measured?
① Combustible gas (to prevent explosion)
The following five detection methods are mainly used: catalytic
combustion method, new ceramic catalytic method, semiconductor
method, non-dispersive infrared method, and interferometer method.
Catalytic combustion sensors are typically used in the %LEL range. New
ceramic catalytic sensors are typically used for detection in the range of
10,000 to several thousand ppm. Semiconductor sensors are used formeasurements in the range from several thousand to several tens of ppm.
Non-dispersive infrared and interferometer combustible gas sensors
typically measure gas at %LEL and vol% concentrations. Non-dispersive
infrared and interferometer sensors are physical sensors that do not
involve chemical reactions. They enable consistent gas detection even in
the presence of substances (e.g., halides, sulfides, and silicone) that would
poison catalytic combustion sensors and semiconductor sensors.
② Toxic gas (to prevent poisoning)
Toxic gases generally require high-sensitivity sensors capable of detecting
concentrations in the range of several hundred ppm to several ppb.
Detection methods include semiconductor method, potentiostatic
electrolysis method, pyrolysis-particle detection method, chemical tapemethod, and PID method. The detection principle is typically selectedbased on the range that allows detection at alarm setpoints or threshold
limit values. Semiconductor sensors detect gas at concentrations on theorder of several tens of ppm to several thousand ppm. Potentiostatic
electrolysis sensors detect gas at concentrations on the order of several
tens of ppm to several tens of ppb. Pyrolysis-particle detection sensors
rely on a sensing principle specifically tailored to detecting organic metalcompounds within semiconductor material gases like TEOS
- 59 -

8. Selecting Gas Detectors
8-1. Gas detector selection(tetraethoxysilane). Chemical tape gas detectors offer the advantages ofgas detection at ultra-low concentrations on the order of several ppb.
These detectors are minimally affected by interference gases, making
them ideal for use in environments where other sensor types would sufferfrom interference.
③ Oxygen (to prevent anoxia and excess oxygen)
There are two principles used for detecting oxygen: membrane-typegalvanic cell method and potentiostatic electrolysis method. Membranetype galvanic cell sensors are the most widely used type, due to theirlong-term consistency and resistance to interference. However, thesesensors are likely to become regulated by RoHS in the future due to theiruse of lead (Pb). (They are currently exempt.) A range of lead-freepotentiostatic electrolysis sensors are now emerging in light of regulatory
trends.

2. Fixed type or portable type?
Select portable gas detectors if the detectors will be used worn or carried byworkers. Select fixed gas detectors to monitor for gas leaks at a fixed location.

3. Diffusion type or suction type?
Gas detectors are typically one of two different types, based on detection
methods: the diffusion type and the suction type. Suction-type gas detectors
feature a built-in pump that draws in gas from likely leakage points (forexample, on a line or inside enclosures) to the sensor for detection. Diffusiontype gas sensors are passive gas detectors that detect floating gas that arrives
at the sensor.

4. Multi-gas or single-gas detection?
In addition to portable gas detectors that detect a single gas component, there
are gas detectors that can detect multiple gases simultaneously. The mostbasic combination of gases for multi-gas detectors is four components:
combustible gas, toxic gas (H2S or CO), and oxygen. Other gas sensors areavailable, depending on the particular product, to detect specific target gas
types.

- 60 -

9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-1. Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head

99.

Fixed Gas Detectors

9-1. Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head

Model

SD-1

Type

TYPE GPTYPE NC——

Catalytic combustion

New ceramic

Non-dispersive infrared

Semiconductor
Combustible gas or
toxic gas

Detection principle

SD-1RI

Gas to be detected
Detection range

SD-1GH

Combustible gas
Depending on gas to be
0～100%LEL
detected
7 segments LED (4 digits) display

0～100%LEL

Concentration value display
Detection method

Depending on gas to be detected

Diffusion type

Alarm accuracy

Within ±25% to the alarm setpoint value

Within ±25% to the alarm
setpoint value (combustible gas)
Within ±30% to the alarm
setpoint value(toxic gas)

Alarm delay time

Within 30 seconds after giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm setpoint value

Within 30 or 60 seconds after
giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm
setpoint value (depending on gas
to be detected)

24VDC±10%Power supply
Power consumption
Operating temperature andhumidity
Explosion-proof construction
External dimension/Weight
Model

Max. 3.0 W

Max. 2.0 W-20～+53ºC (no sudden change)
below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Flameproof enclosures
Flameproof enclosures(Ex d IIC T5 X)(Ex d IIC T6 X)
Approx. 148 (W) × 161 (H) × 88 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 2.0 kg
SD-1EC

SD-1OX

Detection principle

Electrochemical

Galvanic cellGas to be detected

Hydrogen sulfide or carbon monoxide

Detection method
Detection range
Alarm setpoin value
Alarm delay
Power consumption
Operating temperature andhumidity
Explosion-proof construction
Dimension/Weight

Diffusion typeHydrogen sulfide: 0 ～ 30 ppm
Carbon monoxide: 0 ～ 75 ppm* Changeable
Depending on gas to be detected
Within 30 seconds after giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm setpoint value
Max. 1.1 W-10～+40ºC (no sudden change)
30～80% RH (non-condensing)
Flameproof enclosures (Ex d IIC T6 X)
Approx. 148 (W) × 203 (H) × 88 (D) mm
Approx. 2.2 kg- 61 -

Max. 3.1 W
Flameproof enclosures(Ex d IIC T5 X)

OxygenDiffusion type0～25.0vol%18.0 vol% (1-step alarm)
Within 5 seconds after giving gas of 10 ～ 11 vol% and letting it detectedin hypoxia alarm
Max. 1.1 W-10～+40ºC (no sudden change)
95% RH (non-condensing)
Flameproof enclosures (Ex d IIC T6 X)
Approx. 148 (W) × 208 (H) × 88 (D) mm
Approx. 2.5 kg

9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-1. Explosion-proof Gas Detector HeadModel

GD-A2400

SD-2500

Detection principle
Gas to be detected
Detection range
Concentration value display
Detection method
Alarm delay timePower supply
Power consumption

Operating temperature andhumidity

0～100%LEL

With an instructor/alarm unit

Within 30 seconds after giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm setpoint value *1
Supplied by the indicator/
24VDC (20～26.4VDC)
24VDC±10%alarm unit—
Max3 W
In-furnace insertion part:In-furnace insertion part: 0～160ºC
In-furnace insertion part:0～200ºC
0～250ºC(no sudden change)(no sudden change)(no sudden change)
Main body case (ambient temperature): 0～50ºC
Main body case: 0～50ºC
Main body case: 0～50ºC(no sudden change)(ambient temperature)(ambient temperature)(no sudden change)(no sudden change)
Flameproof enclosures
Flameproof enclosures(Ex d IIC T3)(Ex d IIC T2)
Approx. 148 (W) × 167 (H) × 458 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
In-furnace insertion part: φ34×250/approx. 4.6 kg

GD-A80Detection principle

Catalytic combustion or
New ceramic

Gas to be detected

Combustible gas

GD-A80V

GD-A80S

GD-A80N

Semiconductor

Thermalconductivity

Catalytic combustion or
New ceramic

Combustible gas,
Toxic gas

Combustible gas,
Toxic gas

Combustible gas,
Inert gas

GD-A80-70

Combustible gas

Cable such as
CVVS/4-core

Cable such as
CVV/4-core

Diffusion type
Cable such as
CVV/4-core

Cable such as
CVVS/3-core

Transmission distancePower supply

Cable such as
CVVS/4-core
Depending on each indicator unit
Supplied by each indicator unit

-20～+53ºC(no sudden change)
below 95% RH (non-condensing)

Explosion-proof
construction
Dimension/ Weight

Non-explosion-proof

Hot-wire
Semiconductor
methodDetection method

Operating temperature andhumidity

7 segments LED digital (4 digits)
Direct insertion type

Dimension/WeightTransmission cable

SD-2700

Combustible gas
0～100%LEL*

Explosion-proof construction

Model

SD-2600
Catalytic combustion

Flameproof enclosures (explosion-proof: Ex d IIC T4)
Approx. 78 (W) × 154 (H) × 105 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 1.0 kg- 62 --40～+70ºC(no sudden change)
Below 95% RH(non-condensing)9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-1. Explosion-proof Gas Detector HeadModel
Gas to be detected

GD-D58･AC

GD-D58･AC･GH

Detection method
Transmission cable
Transmission distancePower supply
Operating temperature andhumidity

Cable such as
CVV 4-core *1- or
6-core *2

Shielded cable such as CVVS/3core *1-or
5-core *2

GD-D58･DC･GH

Cable such as
CVV 4-core *1- or
6-core *2

Combustible gas,
Toxic gas

Shielded cable such as CVVS
3-core *1- or
5-core *2

Depending on each indicator unit
100～110VAC±10％・50/60Hz

24VDC (21.6～26.4VDC)-20～+50ºC (no sudden change)
Below 95% RH (non-condensing)-20～+53ºC (no sudden change)
Below 95% RH (non-condensing)

Flameproof enclosures (explosion-proof: Exd II B+H2T4)
Approx. 197 (W) × 286 (H) × 140 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 5.8 kg

Explosion-proof construction
Dimension/ WeightModel

GD-D58･DC

Combustible gas,
Combustible gas
Toxic gas
Pump drawing typeCombustible gas

SD-D58･AC

SD-D58･AC･GH

SD-D58･DC

SD-D58･DC･GH

Transmission cable
Transmission distancePower supply

Combustible gas,
Combustible gas,
Combustible gas
Toxic gas
Toxic gas
7 segments LED degital (4 digits)
Pump drawing typeCombustible gas: within ±25% of the alarm setpoint value,
Toxic gas: within ±30% of the alarm setpoint value.
Within 30 or 60 seconds after giving 1.6 times of gas of alarm setpoint value(depending on gas to be detected. Neither piping delay nor communication delay is included.)
Cable such as CVVS 2- or 4-core
Cable such as CVVS 3- or 5-core
Depending on each indicator unit
100～110VAC±10％・50/60Hz
24VDC (21.6～26.4VDC)

Operating temperature andhumidity-20～+50ºC (no sudden change),
below 95% RH (non-condensing)Gas to be detected
Concentration value display
Detection method
Alarm accuracy
Alarm delay time

Explosion-proof construction
External dimension/ Weight

Combustible gas-20～+53ºC (no sudden change),
below 95% RH (non-condensing)

Flameproof enclosures (explosion-proof: Exd II B+H2T4)
Approx. 197 (W) × 286 (H) × 140 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 5.8 kg

Model
Measuring principle
Measuring object gas
External output
Concentration value display
Detection method
Alarm display
Alarm contact
Fault alarm
Power supply
Operating temperature andhumidity
Explosion-proof
construction

FI-800
Optical interferometric
Combustible gas/Solvent vapor/Inert gas
4～20 mA load resistance 300 Ωor less
LCD digital
Drawing type (introduction with external unit)
LED lamp blinking (AL1, AL2)
Dry contact (AL1, AL2)
Decrease of flow rate, light intensity and contrast
100～220 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz
power consumption: Max. 8 VA
-10～+40ºC (no sudden change)
below 80% RH (non-condensing)
Flameproof enclosures (Ex d IIB+H2 T4)Approx. 220 (W) × 332 (H) × 122 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 16 kg

Dimension/Weight- 63 -

9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-1. Explosion-proof Gas Detector HeadModel
Gas to be detected

GD-K88Ai

Detection method

Diffusion type

Detection principle
Detection range
Concentration value display
Transmission system
Power supply
Transmission cable
Operating temperature andhumidity
Explosion-proof construction
Safety holder(recommended)
Dimension
WeightGD-F88Ai

Drawing type(a pump is separately required)
Galvanic cell
0～25.0vol％7 segments LCD (4 digits)
4～20 mADC loop power (load resistance 300 Ωor less)
24VDC±10％
Shielded cable admitted by explosion-proof construction such as CVVS (2-core)-10～+40ºC (no sudden change)
below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Intrinsic safety (Exia II CT4X) * When safety holder (barrier) is used
Zener barrier (MTL728ac)
Insulation barrier (MTL5541)
Approx. 100(W)×241(H)×48(D) mm
Approx. 220(W)×265 (H)×90(D) mm(projection portions excluded)(projection portions excluded)
Approx. 1.0 kg
Approx. 2.5 kg
Diffusion type

Detection principle
Detection range
Concentration value display
Transmission system
Power supply
Transmission cable
Operating temperature andhumidity
Explosion-proof construction
Safety holder(recommended)
Dimension
WeightGD-F3A-A

GD-F3A-SC-A

Detection principle
Diffusion type

GD-F4A-SC-A

Drawing type (a pump is separately required)
OxygenDetection range

0～25.0vol%Intrinsic safety by the combination with the Zener barrier (Ex ia IIC T4 X)

Cable to be used
Power supply
Detector head signal

GD-F4A-A
Galvanic cellGas to be detected
Explosion-proof construction

GD-F88Di
OxygenDetection method

Detection method

Drawing type(a pump is separately required)Electrochemical
Depending on gas to be detected
7 segments LCD (4 digits)
4～20 mADC loop power (load resistance 300 Ωor less)
24VDC±10％
Shielded cable admitted by explosion-proof construction such as CVVS (2-core), etc.
0～40ºC (no sudden change)
30～70% RH (non-condensing)
Intrinsic safety (explosion class: Exia II CT4X) * When safety holder (barrier) is used
Zener barrier (MTL728ac)
Insulation barrier (MTL5541)
Approx. 100(W)×241(H)×48(D) mm
Approx. 220(W)×265(H)×90(D) mm(projection portions excluded)(projection portions excluded)
approx. 1.0 kg
approx. 2.5 kg

Model
Gas to be detected

Model

GD-K88Di
Toxic gas—
Sensory output Direct signal

Equivalent to CVVS 2-core
Depending on the specification of the drawing pumpseparately used
Current signal
Current signal
Sensory output Direct signal(4～20mADC)(4～20mADC)- 64 -

9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-2. Non-Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head

9-2. Non-Explosion-proof Gas Detector Head

Model
Transmission system
Detection principle
Gas to be detected
Concentration value display
Detection method
Power supply
Power consumption
Operating temperature andhumidity
Dimension/Weight

Model
Detection principle
Gas to be detected
Alarm accuracy
Detection tape and time used
Alarm setpoint value (2 steps)
External output signal
Power supply
Power consumption
Dimensions
WeightGD-70D
GD-70D-NT
GD-70D-EA
4～20 mADC
DC Power Line Communication
Ethernet /4～20 mADC
Electrochemical, New ceramic, Semiconductor, Galvanic cell or Pyrolysis-particle
Depending on the Detection principle
Character LCD display (white backlight)
Digital & bar meter display: gas concentration, Alarm setpoint value
Pump drawing type
24VDC±10％
24 VDC ±10% or
24VDC±10％(dedicated line by blocking filter)
PoE connection
24 VDC supply: max. 6.5 W
PoE supply: max. 8.5 W
0～40ºC (no sudden change)
30～70% RH (by the installed sensor unit, and non-condensing)
Approx. 70(W)×120(H)×145(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 0.9 kg

FP-300Chemical tape method
Toxic gas: Semiconductor special material gas
Within ±20% of alarm setpoint value (under the same
condition)
1 month (without alarm) Remaining tape quantity
indication provided With a prior notice and warning of tapeend
Depending on gas to be detected
4～20 mADC (load resistance 300 Ωor less)
Desktop: 100～240 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz
Panel mount type: 24 VDC ±10%
Desktop: approx. 16 VA/max. 30 VA (tape feeding)Panel mount type: Approx. 10 W/max. 20 W (tape feeding)Desktop: Approx. 164(W)×198(H)×263(D) mm
Panel mount type: Approx. 164(W)×164 (H)×263(D) mm
Desktop: Approx. 6.5 kg
Panel mount type: Approx. 5.5 kg- 65 -

Model
Detection principle
Gas to be detected
Detection range
Ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｃｙｃｌｅ
Detection tape and time used
External output signal
Power supply
Power consumption
Ｄimensions
WeightFP-330Chemical tape method
Formaldehyde
0.000～0.500ppm
0.00～1.00ppm
0.0～5.0ppm
30min
10min
3min
1 month (without alarm) Remaining tape quantity indication
provided With a prior notice and warning of tape end
4～20 mADC (load resistance 300 Ωor less)
100 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz
48 VA or lessApprox. 164(W)×198(H)×263(D) mm
Approx. 6.5 kg

9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-2. Non-Explosion-proof Gas Detector HeadModel
Gas to be detected
Detection method
Detection principle
Detection range
Concentration value display
Length of remote cable
Kind of alarm
Alarm setpoint value
Alarm history record
External output
Alarm contact
Operating temperature andhumidity
Power supply
Power consumption
Continuous operating time
(dry battery specification)
Dimensions
Weight

OX-600
OxygenEC-600Carbon monoxide

Diffusion type or remote detection method
Galvanic cell
Electrochemical
0～25.0 vol% (1 digit: 0.1 vol%)0～150 ppm (1 digit: 1 ppm)
LCD digital display (3 digit 7 segment/3 color backlight: green, orange and red) *1
3 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m
Gas alarm: 2 step alarm (fault alarm pattern/cancel with reset switch)
Fault alarm: System abnormal, sensor abnormal (non latching (auto-reset))
1st: 19.0vol％ 2nd: 18.0vol％1st: 50ppm 2nd: 100ppm
10 records from the latest (least concentration and generated date)
4～20 mADC (non-insulated, load resistance 300 Ωor less) or
0～1 VDC (non-insulated) *2
Dry contact 1a or 1b each, Contact capacity 125 VAC 1 A or30 VDC 1 A (resistance load)-10～+40ºC (no sudden change),0～+40ºC (no sudden change),
below 90% RH (non-condensing)
below 90% RH (non-condensing)
100 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz or 24 VDC ±10% or 2 size AA alkaline battery
AC specification: Max. 5 VA DC specification: Max. 3 W
approx. 1 year (25ºC, without Alarm, backlight off)
Main body: Approx. 80(W)×120(H)×35.5(D) mm
Remote sensor: Approx. 40(W)×96 (H)×35.5(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
AC specification: Approx. 200 g, DC specification: Approx. 180 g
Dry battery specification: Approx. 230 g
Remote sensor: Approx. 55 g (cable excluded)- 66 -

9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-3. Indicator/alarm unit

9-3. Indicator/alarm unit

Model
Detection principle ofsuited detector headGas for indication

GP-5001
NC-5001(W)
Catalytic
combustion
New ceramic
Combustible gas

Detectorhead signal
Transmission distance tothe detector head
Concentration value
display
Operating temperatureand humidity
Alarm contact
Power supply
Power consumption
Dimensions
WeightWithin 2.0 km
with CVV 2.0mm2 cable

RM-5002 RMRM-5003T
5002i RM-5003
GeneralThermalHot-wire semiElectrochemical
Semi-conductor PyrolysisGalvanic cellmeasure-ment
Semi-conductor
conductivity
conductor
particlesignalCombustiblegas,Combustible gas,
CarbonCombustible gas, Toxic gas
Toxic gas
OxygenToxic gas, Oxygen,
Inert gasmonoxideetc.
Current signal
Sensory output
Current signal
Current signal
Direct signal of sensor output(4～20mADC)
Direct signal(4～20mADC)(4～30mADC)
Within 2.0 km
Within 2.0 km
Within600m
Within2.0
km
2Within 2.0 km with CVVS 2.0 mm
Depending on detector head to bewith CVVS 2.0
with CVV 2.0
with CVVS 2.0
with CVVS 2.0
cableconnected.
mm2 cable
mm2 cable
mm2 cable
mm2 cable
NP-5001

SP-5001GH-5001

EC-5002 EC5002i

OX-5001

OX-5002 OX5002i

Character LCD (digital and bar meter <3 colors: green, orange, red>)

Buzzer unit
TAN-5000(L)
—
—
—
—
—

-10～+40ºC (no sudden change), below 10～90% RH (non-condensing)Dry contact 1a or 1b each (2 step independent) De-energized in a normal state (energized at an alarm state) or energized in a normal state (de-energized at an alarm state)
24VDC (21.6～26.4VDC)
Max. 3 W
Max. 2 W
Max. 3 W
Max. 2 W
Max. 5 W
Max. 7 W (detector head included)(detector head(detector head(detector head(detector head(detector headMax. 2 W
included)included)included)
excluded)
excluded)Approx. 29.6 (W) × 120 (H) × 92 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 100 g (only for unit)
approx. 80 g

Model
Detection principle of suited
detector headGas for indication
Detector head signal
Transmission distance to thedetector head
Concentration value display
Operating temperature andhumidity
Alarm contact
Power supply
UPS(uninterrupted power supply)

Dimension/Weight

GP-147
Catalytic combustion type, New ceramic typeCombustible gas
0～6～12 VDC (10 mA or less) [standard] or
4～20 mADC (load resistance 300 Ωor less) [option]
Within 300 m with CVV 0.75 mm2 cable
Within 500 m with CVV 1.25 mm2 cable
Within 500 m with CVV 2.0 mm2 cable
Character LCD (bar meter display of 2 colors (red and green))-10～+50ºC (no sudden change), 10～90% RH (non-condensing)Dry 1a contact [standard] or 1b contact [option](contact capacity: 250 VAC 1 A)
100～120 VAC or 200～240 VAC
Input automatic switching between 50/60 Hz
Lead battery 12 V 2.3 Ah × 2 pieces* With backup point selecting function
2 point type: Approx. 305(W)×290(H)×73(D) mm/approx.3.9kg
4 point type: Approx. 395(W)×290(H)×73(D) mm/approx.5.0kg
6 point type: Approx. 485(W)×290(H)×73(D) mm/approx.5.8kg
8 point type: Approx. 575(W)×290(H)×73(D) mm/approx.6.6kg
10 point type: Approx. 665(W)×290(H)×73(D) mm/approx.7.4kg
12 point type: Approx. 755(W)×290(H)×73(D) mm/approx.8.2kg- 67 -

9. Fixed Gas Detectors
9-3. Indicator/alarm unit

Model
Detection principle ofsuited detector headGas for indication
Detector head signal
Alarm display
Alarm contact
Power supply
Power consumption(pump excluded) *External output
Dimension/Weight

GP-6001
NC-6001 (W)Catalytic combustion
New ceramic
Combustible gas

SP-6001
Hot-wire
Semiconductor

GH-6001

EC-6002

Semiconductor

Electro-chemical
Pyrolysis-particle

Galvanic cell

General measurement signal

Toxic gas

OxygenCombustible gas, Toxic gas Oxygen, etc.
(general measurement signal)

Combustible gas, Toxic gas

OX-6001

OX-6002

RM-6002

RM-6003

Current signal
Direct signal of
Current signal(4～20mADC)
sensor output(4～20mADC)
1st: ALM1 red lamp blinking or lighting (after reset) and buzzer sounding
2nd: ALM2 red lamp blinking or lighting (after reset) and buzzer sounding
Dry contact 1a or 1b each (2 step independent)
De-energized in a normal state (energized at an alarm state) or energized in a normal state (de-energized at an alarm state)
AC specification: 100～240 VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz, DC specification: 24 VDC ±10% (21.6～26.4 VDC) [option]
Max.15VA
Max.11.5VA
Max.7.5VA
Max.6.5VA
Max.7.5VA
Max.7.5VA
Max.8.5W
Max.6W
Max.3.5W
Max.3W
Max.3.5W
Max.3.5W
4～20 mADC (non-insulated, load resistance 300 Ωor less)/digital transmission: RS-485 [option]
Approx. 110 (W) × 190 (H) × 54 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)wall type: 580 g, embedding type: 650 g
Direct signal of sensor output- 68 -

RM-6003T
Carbon monoxide(CO)
Semiconductor
detector head
(GD-A44V)
Current signal(4～30mADC)

Max.10.5VA
Max.7.5W

10. Portable Gas Detectors

10
10.

Portable Gas Detectors

10-1. Multi Gas Detector (Multi-sensor)

Model
Detection method
Gas to be detected
Detection principle
Detection range
1digitAlarm setpoint value

Operating temperatureand humidity
Power supply
Continuous
operatingtime *
Dimension / Weight
Explosion proof classProtection level

GX-3R
Diffusion type
HC / CH4
New ceramic
0～100％ LEL
1％ LEL
1st
10％LEL
2nd
25％LEL
3rd
50％LEL
OVER 100％LEL

O2

H2S
CO
Electrochemical
0～40.0vol％0～200.0ppm
0～2000ppm
0.1vol％0.1ppm1ppm
1st
19.5vol％
1st5.0ppm
1st
25ppm
2nd
18.0vol％
2nd
30.0ppm
2nd
50ppm
3rd
23.5vol％
3rd
100.0ppm
3rd
1200ppm
OVER 40.0vol％TWA
1.0ppm
TWA
25ppm
STEL
5.0ppm
STEL
200ppm
OVER
200.0ppm
OVER
2000ppm-40～ +60ºC at a constant condition (intermittent)
0～95%RH non-condensing (intermittent)
Lithium ion battery
Approx. 40 hours (with long-battery, at 25ºC, no alarm, no lighting)Approx. 25 hours (at 25ºC, no alarm, no lighting)Approx. 58(W)×65(H)×26(D)mm (projection portions excluded) / Approx. 100g
Ex ia IIC T4 Ga
IP66/68 equivalent

TYPE List
4 gas
3 gas

2 gas

1 gas

TYPE
TYPE ATYPE BTYPE CTYPE CH *TYPE D
TYPE E
TYPE F
TYPE FH *TYPE ITYPE IH *TYPE KGas to be Detected
LEL / O2 / H2S / COLEL / O2 / H2S
LEL / O2 / COLEL / O2 / COLEL / O2
O2 / H2S
O2 / COO2 / COLEL / COLEL / COH2S

* Reduced H2 interference CO sensor*Depends on sensor type.
Model
Detection method
Gas to be detected
Detection principle
Detection range
1digitLanguage
Operating temperatureand humidity
Power supply
Continuous
time *

operatingDimension
WeightExplosion proof classProtection level
Bluetooth

GX-3R Pro
Diffusion type

List of Gas to be Detected

Refer to the following "List of Gas to be Detected".
Japanese/English/French/Spanish/Portuguese/German/Italian/
Russian/Korean/Chinese (SC & TC)-40～ +60ºC at a constant condition (intermittent)
0～95%RH non-condensing (intermittent)
Lithium ion battery unit BUL-3R or
Dry battery unit BUD-3R (2 AAA alkaline dry batteries)
Approx. 40 hours (with long-battery, at 25ºC, no alarm, no lighting)Approx. 25 hours (at 25ºC, no alarm, no lighting)
BUL-3R in use : Approx. 73(W)×65(H)×26(D)mm (projection portions excluded)
BUD-3R in use : Approx. 73(W)×65(H)×34(D)mm (projection portions excluded)
BUL-3R in use : Approx. 120g
BUD-3R in use : Approx. 140g
Ex ia IIC T4 Ga
IP66/68 equivalent
Bluetooth 4.2 (Bluetooth Low Energy)*Depends on sensor type.

- 69 -

Gas to be
detected
Combustible gas(HC/CH4)
Oxygen(O2)Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)
Carbon monoxide(CO)Sulfur dioxide(SO2)
Carbon dioxide(CO2)

Detection
principle
New ceramic

Detectionrange

1 digit

0～100％LEL

1％LEL

0～40.0vol％0.1vol％0～200.0ppm

0.1ppmElectrochemical

Non-dispersive
infrared0～2000ppm

1ppm

0～100.00ppm

0.05ppm

0～10.00vol％0～10000ppm

0.01vol％
20ppm

10. Portable Gas Detectors

Model
Alarm type
Alarm display
Warning buzzer soundpressure
Detection method
Drawing flow rate
Display
Display language
Power supply

GX-6000
Gas alarm: 2-step alarm, TWA, STEL, OVER alarm
Fault alarm: system error, sensor error, battery voltage drop, calibration defect, decreased flow
Other: Panic alarm, Man-down alarm*1
Gas alarming: blinking lamp, buzzer continuous modulated sound, gas concentration display and blinking alarm details, vibration
Fault alarming: blinking lamp, buzzer on and off, displayed fault details
Other: blinking lamp, buzzer continuous modulated sound95 dB(A) or higher (30 cm) (with the protection cover)

Pump drawing type0.45 L/min or more (open flow rate)
LCD digital (full dot display)
English / Japanese / French / Spanish / Portuguese / German / Italian / Russian / Korean
Lithium-ion battery unit or dry battery unit <Three size AA alkaline batteries*2>
Lithium-ion battery unit: approx. 14 hours (25ºC, fully charged, without alarm nor illumination)
Continuous operating time
Dry battery unit: approx. 8 hours (25ºC, new dry battery, without alarm nor illumination)
Operating temperature-20 ～ +50℃
Operating relative humidity
Below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Dimension
Approx. 70(W) × 201(H) × 54(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
WeightApprox. 500 g (lithium-ion battery unit is used) / Approx. 450 g (dry battery unit is used)
Protection level
IP67 equivalent
Explosion proof class
Ⅱ 1G Ex ia ⅡC T4 Ga
Certifications and Approvals
ATEX Explosion-proof authorized, IECEx authorized, CE Marking approved, TIIS Explosion-proof authorized
Function
LCD backlight, data logger, peak value display, log data display, several languages displayed, screen inversion, LED light*1 Normally the man-down alarm function is set to OFF. To use this function, please contact RIKEN KEIKI.
*2 To meet requirements of explosion-proof capabilities, use dry batteries described in Certificates of Conformity of the Explosion-proof
Construction of Electric Equipment and Devices.

Model
Detection method
Gas to be detected
Detection principle
Detection range

Alarm setpoint value

Operating temperature andhumidity
Power supply
Continuous operating time
Dimension
WeightExplosion-proof classProtection level

HC/CH4
Hot-wire semiconductor
New ceramic/
Thermal conductivity
0~500ppm(HC)0～100％ LEL/
<510~2000 ppm>(HC)～100vol％*
0~2000 ppm(CH4)<2010~5000 ppm>(CH4)
1st10％LEL
2nd
50％LELOVER
100％LEL

GX-2012/GX-2012GT
Pump drawing typeO2

H2S

Galvanic cell
0～25.0vol％(～40.0vol％)L Alarm
LL Alarm
OVER

19.5vol％
23.5vol％
40.0vol％

0～30.0ppm

1st
2nd
TWA
STEL
OVER

-20 ～ +50ºC and below 95% RH (no condensing)
Dedicated dry battery unit <AA alkaline dry batteries x 3> [BUD-2012](Dedicated lithium ion battery unit [BUL-2012(G1)] can also be used)
BUD-2012: About 15 hours (25ºC, no alarm, and no lighting)
BUL-2012(G1): About 10 hours (25ºC, no alarm, no lighting, and battery fully charged)
Approx. 71 (W) x 173 (H) x 43 (D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 360 g (When BUD-2012 is used)/Approx. 360 g (When BUL-2012(G1) are used)
Ⅱ1G Ex ia ⅡC T4 Ga
IP67 equivalent- 70 -CO
Electrochemical

5.0ppm30.0ppm
10.0ppm
15.0ppm
30.0ppm

0～150ppm(～500ppm)
1st
2nd
TWA
STEL
OVER

25ppm
50ppm
25ppm
200ppm500ppm10. Portable Gas Detectors

TYPE
5 gas
4 gas
3 gas
2 gas

Model
Detection method
Gas to be detected

Gas to be detected
HC or CH4(%LEL, vol%）/ O2 / H2S / COHC or CH4(%LEL, vol%）/ O2 / H2S / COHC or CH4 or C2H2(%LEL）/ O2 / H2S
HC or CH4(%LEL）/ O2 / COHC or CH4 or H2(%LEL, vol%）/ O2
HC or CH4 or C2H2(%LEL）/ O2

TYPE ATYPE BTYPE CTYPE D
TYPE E
TYPE F

GX-8000
Pump drawing type
HC/CH4/H2/C2H2
New ceramic/
Thermal conductivity
0～100％ LEL/
～100vol％*
1％ LEL/1vol％
1st
10％ LEL
2nd
50％ LEL
OVER
100％ LEL

Detection principle
Detection range
1 digit
Alarm setpoint value
Operating temperature andhumidity
Power supply
Continuous operating time
Dimension/ Weight
Explosion-proof classProtection level

O2

H2S

Galvanic cell

COElectrochemical

0～40.0vol％0～100.0ppm

0.1vol％
L Alarm19.5vol％
H Alarm23.5vol％OVER
40.0vol％

0.5ppm
1st
5.0ppm2nd
30.0ppm
TWA
5.0ppm
STEL
5.0ppm
OVER
100.0ppm

0～500ppm
1st
2nd
TWA
STEL
OVER

1ppm
25ppm
50ppm
25ppm
200ppm500ppm-20 ～ +50ºC and below 95% RH (no condensing)
Lithium-ion battery unit (standard) or dry battery unit <3 AA alkaline battery> (option)
Lithium-ion battery unit: Approx. 12 hours (fully charged, 25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Dry battery unit: Approx. 6 hours (25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Approx. 154(W)×81(H)×127(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 1.1 kg (lithium-ion battery unit is used) and Approx. 1.0 kg (dry battery unit is used)
Ⅱ1G Ex ia ⅡC T4 Ga
IP67 equivalent

GP-1000/NC-1000 List of Gas to be detected
No.

List of Gas kind

Display

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

MethaneIsobutane
Hydrogen
Methanol
Acetylene
Ethylene
EthaneEthanol
Propylene
AcetonePropaneButadiene
Cyclopentane
Benzenen-hexaneTolueneHeptaneXyleneEthyl acetate
IPA
MEK
Methyl methacrylate
Dimethyl ether
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Tetrahydrofuran

CH4
i-C4H10
H2
CH3OH
C2H2
C2H4
C2H6
C2H5OH
C3H6
C3H6O
C3H8
C4H6
C5H10
C6H6
n-C6H14
C7H8
n-C7H16
C8H10
EtAc
IPA
MEK
MMA
DME
MIBK
THF

Lower
Explosive Limit
LEL
5.0vol%1.8vol%4.0vol%5.5vol%1.5vol%2.7vol%3.0vol%3.3vol%2.0vol%2.15vol%
2.0vol%1.1vol%1.4vol%1.2vol%1.2vol%1.2vol%1.1vol%1.0vol%2.1vol%2.0vol%1.8vol%1.7vol%3.0vol%1.2vol%2.0vol%Reading frommethane in adifferent way
―
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○

Reading from
isobutane in adifferent way
×
―
○
○
○
○
×
○
○
○
×
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○

Note 1) The alarm accuracy and response time, etc. are confirmed only by the calibration gas.
Note 2) Please contact RIKEN KEIKI in the case that calibration with other than methane, isobutane andhydrogen is required.
Note 3) Please note that switching of kind of detection gas is impossible if the calibration is implemented using
other than methane and isobutane.
Model
Detection method
Gas to be detected
Detection principle
Detection range
Alarm setpoint value

GP-1000
Catalytic combustion
0～100％ LEL<Automatic range switching>
Low range：0～10％LEL
High range：0～100％LEL
1st 10％LEL
2nd 50％LEL

Operating temperatureand humidity
Power supply
Continuous operating time
Dimension/ Weight
Explosion proof classProtection level

NC-1000
Pump drawing typeCombustible gas and others
New ceramic
0～10000ppm<Automatic range switching>
Low range：0～1000ppm
High range：0～10000ppm
1st 250ppm
2nd 500ppm

NP-1000
Thermal conductivity
0～100 vol％<Automatic range switching>
Low range : 0～10vol％
High range : 0～100vol％
Factory setting : OFF-20 ～ +50ºC and below 95% RH (non-condensing)
4 AA alkaline battery
Approx. 20 hours＊(new dry battery, 25ºC, without alarm nor illumination, and pump Low mode)
Approx. 80(W) × 124(H) × 36(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 260 g (dry battery is excluded).
Ex ia IIC T4
IP67 equivalent＊Different depending on the specification- 71 -

NP-1000 List of Gas to be detected
No.
List of Gas kind
Display1
MethaneCH42
Propane
C3H8
3
Isobutane
i-C4H10
4
Argon
Ar
5
HeliumHe＊
Hydorogen
H2＊Hydrogen is detected by NP-1000 H2 version. H2
version cannot convert the reading to othergases.

NP-1000 List of Base Gas
No.
1
2
3

List of Gas kind
Air
NitrogenCarbon dioxide

DisplayAir
N2
CO2

10. Portable Gas Detectors

10-2. Single Gas Detector (Single-sensor)

Model
Detection method
Gas to be detected
Detection principle
Detection range
1 digit
Alarm setpoint value

OX-08
Diffusion typeO2
Galvanic cell
0～40.0vol％0.1vol％Gas alarm 18.0vol％OVER
40.0vol％

Operating temperatureand humidity
Power supply
Continuous operating time
Dimension/ Weight-20～ +50℃, 10～95％RH (no condensing)
2 AAA alkaline battery
Approx. 20000 hours (25ºC without alarm nor illumination)
Approx. 68(W) × 150(H) × 49(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 290 g (dry battery included)
Ex ia IIC T4 Ga

Explosion proof class

Model
Detection method
Gas to be detected
Detection principle
Detection range
1 digit
Alarm setpoint value

GP-03

OX-03

HC / CH4
New ceramic
0～100％LEL
1％LEL

O2
Galvanic cell
0～40.0vol％0.1vol％1st 10％LEL
2nd 50％LEL
OVER
Operating temperatureand humidity
Power supply
Continuous operating time
Dimension/ Weight

CO-03

HS-03

Diffusion typeL alarm 19.5vol％H alarm 23.5vol％
OVER 40.0vol％-20～ +50℃
Below 90％RH (no condensing)COElectrochemical
0～500ppm
1ppm
1st
25ppm
2nd
50ppm
TWA
25ppm
STEL 200ppm
OVER 500ppm

H2S
Electrochemical
0～100.0ppm
0.5ppm
5.0ppm30.0ppm
10.0ppm
15.0ppm
100.0ppm

1st
2nd
TWA
STEL
OVER
-20～ +50℃
16～85％RH (no condensing)-20～ +50℃
Below 95％RH (no condensing)
2 AAA alkaline battery
Approx. 35 hours
Approx. 3000 hours(25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)(25ºC without alarm nor illumination)
Approx. 54(W) × 67(H) × 24(D) mm / Approx. 80 g

- 72 -

10. Portable Gas Detectors

Model
Detection method
Gas to be detected
Detection principle
Detection range
1 digit
Alarm setpoint value
Operating temperatureand humidity
Power supply
Continuous operating time
Dimension/ Weight
Explosion proof classProtection level

Model
Type
Measuring method
Gas to be detected
Measuring principle
Measuring range
Indication accuracy
Operating temperatureand humidity
Power supply
Continuous operating time
Dimension/ Weight
Explosion proof classProtection level

SC-8000
Pump drawing type
Refer to the list of target gases above
Electrochemical
Depending on gas to be detected

List of Gas to be detected
PH3
AsH3
SiH4
B2H6
HCl

Br2
NO
NO2
HF
CO

Cl2
O3
F2
NH3
HBr

-10～ +40ºC, 30～70% RH (no condensing)
Dry battery unit <3 AA alkaline battery> (standard)or lithium-ion battery unit (option)
Dry battery unit: For approx. 18 hours (25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Lithium-ion battery unit: For approx. 25 hours (fully charged, 25ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Approx. 154(W) × 154(H) × 81(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 1.0 kg (dry battery unit used) and Approx. 1.1 kg (lithium-ion battery used)
Ex ia IIC T4
IP67 equivalentFI-8000
TYPE PTYPE A
Automatic drawing type with built-in pump
Manual drawing type with hand aspirator
Anaestheic gas / Fumigation gas / Combustible gas / Calorific value etc.
Optical inferferometric
Depending on the measuring object gas±3% of reading (under the same condition) *-20 ～ +50ºC and below 95% RH (non-condensing)
Dry battery unit <3 AA alkaline battery> (standard)or lithium-ion battery unit (option)
Approx. 12 hours
Approx. 16 hours(new dry battery, 25ºC, without illumination)(new dry battery, 25ºC, without illumination)
Approx. 154(W) × 81(H) × 127(D) mm (projection portions excluded)
Approx. 1.1 kg (dry battery unit is used) / Approx. 1.2 kg (lithium-ion battery unit is used)
Ex ia IIC T4
IP67 equivalent* The indication accuracy is different depending on the measuring object gas.

- 73 -

H2Se
ClF3
HCN
PF3
GeH4

HI
H2S
SO2

10. Portable Gas Detectors

Model
Type
Detection method
Gas to be detected
Calibration gas
Detection principle
Detection range
Alarm setpoint value
Operating temperatureand humidity
Power supply
Continuous operatingtime
Dimension/ Weight
Explosion proof classProtection class

TYPE M
City gas
CH4

SP-220
TYPE F
TYPE H2
TYPE FUM
TYPE SC
Pump drawing type
City
gas
/
LPG
LPG
Refer to the "List of gas to be detected" above(switch)i-C4H10CH4/i-C4H10 *i-C4H10
H2/CH4 *PH3Hot-wire semiconductor
10～10000ppm
Depending on gas to be detected
Initial value: 30 ppm
Depending on gas to be detected(possible to set by 5 steps of 10, 30, 150, 500, and 2000 ppm)
TYPE LTYPE ML-20 ～ +55ºC and below 95% RH (non-condensing)
2 AA alkaline battery
Approx. 13 hours (20ºC, without alarm nor illumination)
Approx. 43(W) × 200(H) × 39(D) mm (the taper nozzle is excluded)
Approx. 215 g (dry battery is excluded).
Ex ia IIC T4
IP55 equivalent* Two-gas calibration- 74 -Non Explosion-proof

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11
11.

Typical Applications for
Portable Gas Detectors

11-1. Applications in Automotive Market- 75 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-1. Applications in Automotive Market- 76 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-1. Applications in Automotive Market- 77 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-1. Applications in Automotive Market- 78 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-1. Applications in Automotive Market- 79 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-1. Applications in Automotive Market- 80 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-2. Applications in Steel Market

11-2. Applications in Steel Market- 81 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-2. Applications in Steel Market- 82 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-2. Applications in Steel Market- 83 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-2. Applications in Steel Market- 84 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market

11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market- 85 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market- 86 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market- 87 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-3. Applications in Fumigation Market- 88 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market

11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market- 89 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market- 90 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market- 91 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market- 92 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-4. Applications in Pharmaceutical Market- 93 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-5. Applications in Food Product11-5. Applications in Food Product- 94 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-5. Applications in Food Product- 95 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-5. Applications in Food Product- 96 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-5. Applications in Food Product- 97 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-5. Applications in Food Product- 98 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-5. Applications in Food Product- 99 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-5. Applications in Food Product- 100 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-5. Applications in Food Product- 101 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors
Institutions

11-6. Applications at Universities and Research

11-6. Applications at Universities and Research Institutions- 102 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors
Institutions

11-6. Applications at Universities and Research- 103 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors
Institutions

11-6. Applications at Universities and Research- 104 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors
Institutions

11-6. Applications at Universities and Research- 105 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors
Institutions

11-6. Applications at Universities and Research- 106 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors
Institutions

11-6. Applications at Universities and Research- 107 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-7. Applications in Gas Market

11-7. Applications in Gas Market- 108 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-7. Applications in Gas Market- 109 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-7. Applications in Gas Market- 110 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-7. Applications in Gas Market- 111 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 112 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 113 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 114 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 115 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 116 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 117 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 118 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 119 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 120 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-8. Applications in Electric Power Market- 121 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market

11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market- 122 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market- 123 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market- 124 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market- 125 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-9. Applications in Paper Manufacturing Market- 126 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market

11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market- 127 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market- 128 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market- 129 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market- 130 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market- 131 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market- 132 -

11. Typical Applications for Portable Gas Detectors

11-10. Applications in Oil and Fossil Fuel Market- 133 -

12. Standards and Certification

12-1. ATEX

1212.

Standards and Certification

12-1. ATEX
Directive 94/9/EC
Equipment and Protective Systems Intended for Use in Potentially Explosive
Atmospheres
ATEX directive
Compliance with the ATEX directive became compulsory within the EU from July
1, 2013 for equipment used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
■ CE marking and ATEXThe ATEX directive forms part of the CE marking applicability and incorporates
previous European explosion-proof standards.
■ Purposes of the ATEX directive
The ATEX directive has the following main purposes:◎Preventing electrostatic charge◎Preventing ignition from sparks generated by friction, impact, or wear
◎Preventing ignition due to temperature increases due to the above◎The manufacturer assumes responsibility.
◎Separate certification by zone and category- 134 -

12. Standards and Certification

12-2. IECEx■ Zone/category classification
ATEX divides applicability to individual hazardous locations (zones) into different
categories.
Zone

Product protection

Likelihood of presence of explosive atmospherelevel(zone)

Zone 0Category 1

Zone 1Category 2

Zone 2Category 3

Continuously or long-term> 1,000 hours/year
Occasionally
10 to 1,000 hours/year
Unlikely or short-term< 10 hours/year

12-2. IECEx
IECEx is managed by industry representatives including governing bodies,
manufacturers, and end users to ensure compliance with worldwide standards forsafety of equipment used in hazardous locations (Ex).
The IECEx Scheme is an international certification scheme covering equipmentthat meet the r equirements of International Standards; most notably IEC 60079.

EN/IEC 60079-0 General Requirements Marking

Gas Zones
Gas Zones
MethaneMethaneZone 0Zone 1
Zone 2

Definition
Mines with methane and dust. Equipment remains
energised in explosive atmosphere
Mines with methane and dust. Equipment isde-energized in explosive atmosphere
Explosive atmosphere present continuously
or for long periods, frequently
Explosive atmosphere is likely to occur
under normal conditions, occasionally
Explosive atmosphere is unlikely to occur under normal
conditions, short periods

Gas Zo- 135 -EPL
Ma

Required Protection
Two Faults

Mb

Severe NormalGa

Two Faults

Gb

One Fault

Gc

Normal12. Standards and Certification

12-2. IECEx

Protection Concept - Electrical - Gas
Type of Protection(electrical - gas)
Flameproof - Ex d / da / db / dc
Intrinsic Safety - Ex i / ia / ib / ic

Reference
EN/IEC 60079-1
EN/IEC 60079-11

Gas Groups
Gas Groups
IIA

IIB
IIC

Gases are classified according to the ignitability of the gas/air
mixture as defined in EN/IEC 60079-20-1
Acetic Acid, Acetone, Ammonia, Butane, Cyclohexane,
Propane, Gasoline (petrol),Methane (natural gas, non-mining), Toluene, Xylene.
Methanol (methyl alcohol), Propane-2-ol (iso-propyl alcohol) etc.
Group IIA gases plus, Di-ethyl ether, Ethylene, Ethanol
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), Propane-1-ol (n-propyl alcohol) etc.
Group IIA and IIB gases plus, Acetylene, Hydrogen etc.

Temperature Class
Temperature Class

T1: 450℃
T2: 300℃
T3: 200℃
T4: 135℃
T5: 100℃
T6: 85℃

Highest tempera ture achieved
under the most adverse equipment rating and heating
conditions. (Flashpoint temperature of some gases)
Ammonia (630℃), Hydrogen (560℃),
Methane (537℃), Propane (470℃)
Ethylene (425℃), Butane (372℃), Acetylene (305℃)
Cyclohexane (259℃), Kerosene (210℃)
Di-ethyl Ether (160℃)—
Carbon Disulphate (95℃)- 136 -

13. Product Ingress Protection Rating

12-2. IECEx

13
13.

Product Ingress Protection
RatingEnclosure ingress protection rating
A coded rating is currently widely used to indicate the level of protection in the case ofingress of liquids and solid matter into the enclosure. This classification also covers theprotection of persons if they come into contact with charged or moving parts inside theenclosure. Note that this complements protection ratings for electronic equipment used inhazardous areas. It does not replace these protection ratings.
In Europe, the letters “IP” are used to indicate the protection rating, followed by twodigits indicating the level of protection. The first digit indicates the level of protection for
persons against contact with internal charged or moving parts. The second digit indicatesenclosure protection in the case of water ingress. For example, an enclosure marked IP65
offers full protection (dust protection) against contact with charged and moving parts andprotection against water spray or water flow ingress. This is suited to gas detectors suchas controllers. Note the need to ensure adequate cooling of the electronic equipment.
The two-digit IP code is a shortened form widely used in the UK. The comprehensive
international version uses three digits rather than two digits after the IP letters (e.g.,
IP653). The third digit indicates impact resistance. The following table shows themeaning of the digits:
Third Numeral

Meaning0

No Protection

1

Impact of 0.225 Joule (150g weight dropped from 15cm)

2

Impact of 0.375 Joule (250g weight dropped from 15cm)

3

Impact of 0.5 Joule (250g weight dropped from 20cm)

4(No meaning)5

Impact of 2.0 Joule (500g weight dropped from 40cm)

6(No meaning)

7

Impact of 6.0 Joule (1.5kg weight dropped from 40cm)

8(No meaning)

9

Impact of 6.0 Joule (5kg weight dropped from 40cm)- 137 -

13. Product Ingress Protection Rating

12-2. IECEx

IP codes (IEC / EN 60529)
Protection rating (IP) codes (IEC / EN 60529)
First Numeral

Second Numeral

Protection against solid bodies

IP

Protection against liquid

No protection00

No Protection

Objects greater than 50mm

1

1

Vertically dripping water

Objects greater than 12mm

22

Angled dripping water -75°to 90°

Objects greater than 2.5mm

33Splashed water

Objects greater than 1.0mm

44Sprayed water

Dust protected

55Water jets

Dust tight6

6

Heavy seas

7

Effects of immersion(defined in minutes)

8

Indefinite immersion

Example: IP67 is dust tight and protected against the effects of immersion

In North America, the NEMA system is used to evaluate enclosures. The following tablecompares the NEMA system to the IP ratings.
NEMA,UL and CSA type rating

Approximate IEC/IP Code

1

IP20

Indoor, from contact with contents

2

IP22

Indoor, limited, falling dirt and water

3

IP55

Outdoor from rain, sleet, windblown dust
and ice damage

3R

IP24

Outdoor from rain, sleet and ice damage

4

IP66

4X

IP66

6

IP67

12

IP54

13

IP54

- 138 -

Description

Indoor and outdoor, from windblown dust,
splashing and hose directed water and ice
damageIndoor and outdoor, from corrosion,
windblown dust, rain, splashing and hose
directed water and ice damage
Indoor and outdoor, from hose directedwater, water entry during submersion andice damage
Indoor, from dust, falling dirt and dripping
non corrosive liquids
Indoor, from dust, falling dirt and dripping
non corrosive liquids

14. Maintenance12-2. IECEx

14
14.

MaintenanceGas detectors and alarms are special devices that require expert knowledge andexperience for maintenance, because they vary significantly by type, they must detecttarget gases at extremely low concentrations or with high chemical activity, and carefulhandling of hazardous substances is required. Maintenance is particularly important tomaintain the reliability of these devices since they are used in diverse and often harshenvironments.
Riken Keiki operates a network of sales and maintenance bases worldwide. The service
engineers in each country undergo periodic maintenance training and are certified to
improve and ensure high-quality maintenance service. We encourage you to contact
Riken Keiki for any maintenance needs related to gas detectors and alarms.
The Riken Keiki sales and maintenance network

Affiliate
Sales agent- 139 -