EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING8 Feb
2007

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
REGIONAL SEMINAR ON FLOOD
HAZARD MAPPINGJOHOR : ‘The Sinking State?’
Case study : District of Muar and Batu Pahat,
Introduction of FHM
BY

Hazalizah binti Hamzah and Hj. Ariffin bin Mahamud
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia

8 February 2007

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EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

28 Feb
2007

Table of Contents
Introduction-

Flood Hazard Map In Malaysia-

Flood Management In Malaysia
Overview of flood events in Johor from December
2006 until January 2007
Case study : FHM for state of Johor
i. District of Muar, Johor
ii. District of Batu Pahat, Johor

Objectives of Producing Flood Hazard Map In Malaysia
Production of Flood Hazard Map in Malaysia
Problems and Possible Solutions
Conclusion
Acknowledgement

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Flood Management In Malaysia

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

4STRUCTURE OF THE OF THE NATIONALDISASTER MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION
FederalCentral Committee of National Disaster and Relief (CCDNR)
State
State Disaster and Relief Committee (SDRC)
District
District Disaster and Relief Committee (DDRC)

8 Feb
2007

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2007

STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL DISASTER
MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION• National Disaster and Relief Committee (NDARC)– Federal Level• State Disaster and Relief Committee (SDARC)– State level• District Disaster and Relief Committee (DDARC)– District Level

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPINGNATIONAL DISASTER AND RELIEF COMMITTEE(NDARC)SECRETARYCHAIRMANDEPUTY PRIME MINISTERDIRECTOR OF DISASTER AND
CRISIS MANAGEMENT UNIT,DEPARTMENT OF SECURITY

MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE- SECRETARY GENERAL- INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE- ARMY- FINANCE MINISTER- NATIONAL UNITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MINISTER- RELEVANT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES e.g.

8 Feb
2007

DID , MMS etc.

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STATE DISASTER AND RELIEF COMMITTEE (SDARC)SECRETARYCHAIRMANSTATE GOV. SECRETARYDIRECTOR OF STATESECURITY DEPARTMENTMEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE- POLICE- ARMY
- STATE PUBLIC DEFENSE DEPARTMENT- RELEVANT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES e.g.DID, MMS etc.

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING88 Feb
2007

DISTRICT DISASTER AND RELIEF COMMITTEE (DDARC)SECRETARYCHAIRMAN
DISTRICT OFFICER

DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF
STATE SECURITY
DEPARTMENTMEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE- POLICE- ARMY- DISTRICT PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT- RELEVANT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES e.g. DID, MMS, etc.

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Overview of flood events inDecember 2006 until January 2007

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2007

Flood eventon 19-31 December 2006
(1st wave)

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2007

EXTENT OF FLOOD AREAS

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24/12/2006

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138 Feb2007
27/12/2006

25/12/2006

25/12/2006

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2007

Flood Impact
No. of Casualties : 16 people
No. of Evacuees : 104,023 people
EvacueesNoStateDistrict

No. of Evacuation
Centers

Total Family
Involved

No. ofEvacuees

Casualties

Johor Bahru

482,373

11,7240ii) Kota Tinggi

351,161

5,2272iii) Kluang

703,147

13,8283iv) Muar

126

6,43230,4413v) Batu Pahat

116

5,948

27,9715vi) Pontian

327103,2860vii) Segamat

722,44210,2863viii) Mersing

9277

1,2600Total

50822,490104,02316i)

1JohorEAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

158 Feb
2007nd(2 wave)
Flood Hit Again!
on 11 until 31 January 2007

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2007

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2007

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2007

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2007

Flood Impact
No. of Evacuees : 109,259 people (15 January 2007)
No.

District

No. of Evacuess(people)
Highest(15 January 2007)

1

Johor Bharu

16,417

2

Muar

5,611

3

Kluang16,0244Batu Pahat

38,5205

Segamat6,593

6

Kota Tinggi

13,186

7

Pontian

4,669

8Mersing

8,239Total

109,259

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2007

CAUSES OF FLOODING
Extremely Heavy Rain
1. Continuous and Widespread

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2007

Rainfall Distribution
on 18-21 December 2006
4-Day

BilStationNama
StesenName

1 Segamat
2 Air Panas
3 Labis4 K.Penghulu Chaah
5 Ladang Chan Wing
6 Empangan Sembrong
7 Bandar Kluang
8 JPSLarkin

Dec. Monthly
Jumlahhujan
4PurataJumlah Hujan Bagi
Rainfall
18/12/2006 19/12/2006 20/12/2006 21/12/2006 Rainfall
hari(mm)Bulan Disember(mm)(mm)

669896
103
92
120
5880

239
477
301
251
245
193
251
292

162
149
130
84
101
702101 X
66

4858
2392232123515
187
782
205
550
205
447
232
440 3.8X 238
406
208
431
243
461
227

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2007

Rainfall Distribution
On 11-14 Januari 2007
BilStation
Nama
StesenName

DaerahDistrict

11/1/2007

12/1/2007

13/1/2007

14/01/2007

4-Day
JumlahHujan
Rainfall4 hari (mm)
(mm)

Dec.
PurataJumlahMonthly
Hujan Bagi
Rainfall
Bulan
Januari(mm)1 Air Panas

Segamat8120412917431

164

2 Empangan Bekok

Batu Pahat

85237

8852462

191

3 SgBekokB77

Segamat992479332

168

Ladang Chan
4Wing

Segamat

110

240

2X
100
19471
469

168

5 Ulu Sebol

Kota Tinggi

124

290

7642532

176

6 Bukit Besar

Kota Tinggi

147

234

4235458

176

15423

7 Bandar Kluang

Kluang

121

182

105

3.1X 143

RAINFALL
DAYS(18 - 20 DECEMBER2006)
ISOHYET HUJANUNTUKISOHYETTEMPOH 3FOR
HARI3(18-20DISEMBER
2006) DI NEGERIJOHOREAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPINGAT STATE OF JOHOR

8 Feb
2007

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EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

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2007

CAUSES OF FLOODING
Extremely Heavy Rain
1. Continuous and Widespread
2. Very Intense

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2007

Records of Rain
On 18-21 December 2006
Rainfall Station

Total Rainfall(mm)
24 hrs48 hrsReturn Period(yrs)
24 hrs 48 hrs

Air Panas535

693

> 100

> 100Labis320499> 100> 100Segamat

288

447

> 100

> 100

Ldg Chan Wing

257395> 100> 100Kompleks
Penghulu Chaah
Buluh Kasap

234419> 100> 1002413503060

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2007

CAUSES OF FLOODING
 Rain Æ Continuous, Widespread and VeryIntense, River swelled and overflowed Low lying areas (e.g. District of Batu Pahat) Land Subsidence (Peat swamp areas) Inadequate Drainage Capacity
 Antecedent condition from 1st flood event
 Spring Tides

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2007

Yong Peng Town, District of Batu Pahat on 19 Jan 2007 (Low lying area)

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2007

Flood Mitigation
Strategy

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EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran

8 Feb
2007

Flood Mitigation Strategy

Curative

Preventive

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EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran

Flood Mitigation Strategy

Curative
Structural approach/long term••••••

Deepen and widen the river
Stabilization of river bank
Detention pond / DamsRaise river levee
Build pumping station
Enhancement of flood warning system (sirenstation) etc

Preventive
8 Feb
2007

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Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran

8 Feb
2007

Flood Mitigation Strategy

Curative
Preventive
1) MSMA Æ Urban Stormwater
Management (control at source)2) ESCP Æ Erosion Sediment ControlPlan
3) New approach Æ House on stilt
4) New approach Æ Flood Hazard Map

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPINGHouse on stilt

8 Feb
2007

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During flood event - Flood watersdo not reach in the house.

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2007

Case StudyFlood Hazard Map For Johor- District Muar
- District Batu Pahat

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2007

About the Flood Hazard Map –•Goal – to evacuate affected residents efficiently in asafe and proper manner during floods•

A map that provides graphical information oninundation (inundation areas, depth, etc)

•Evacuation Info. (location of evacuation centers, wellmarked routes, highlight dangerous spots, etc.)•The map is produced and publicised through a joint
effort by those in disaster management and those incharge of rivers, eg. Disaster Management Center,Local Authority, Welfare Dept. DID etc.
Source : Flood Hazard Map Manual for Technology Transfer March
2003, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Japan Infrastructure
Development Institute, Japan)

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8 Feb
2007

Objectives of Producing Flood
Hazard Map In Malaysia

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING
8 Feb
2007Objectives of Producing FloodHazard Map In Malaysia•

To produce and disseminate Flood Hazard Map so that people
can evacuate in a SAFE, SMOOTH AND QUICK manner whenflooding occur•

A useful tool for Director of State Security Department in Flood
Relief Management e.g. issuing evacuation order /recommendation order, managing evacuation centers.

•To identify problems which may cause danger to the residents
during evacuation•

To come up with a possible solutions to minimize anycasualties and loss of properties

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2007

Production of Flood Hazard Map
In Malaysia

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPINGMalaysia

39Climate
Annual Rainfall: 3,000 mm
Temperature: 210C - 32 0c
Relative Humidity: 80 %
Open Water Evaporation : 1600 mm - 1800 mm
SABAH

KELANTANKUALA LUMPUR
SARAWAKJOHORMalaysia consist 14 states includes the Johor State
Case Study : Johor - Located at Southern Peninsular Malaysia
8 Feb
2007

- Consists 8 districts

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

Production of Flood Hazard Map
1st case Study- District of Muar

AREA 2 : GERISEKJOHOR WITH 8DISTRICTS

AREA 1 : SEROM
8 Feb
2007

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EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

Inundated Areas at the District of Muar

AREA 2 : GERISEKAREA 1 : SEROM

8 Feb
2007

41

HOW TO READ THE MAP

MUAR RIVER FLOOD HAZARD MAP 42

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING(Anticipated Inundation Depth)

8 Feb
2007

Inundation depth more than 4 m
Inundation depth between 2 m to 4 m
Inundation depth between 1 m to 2 m
Inundation depth less than 1 m

2More than 4 m

AREA 2 : GERISEK2m–4m
1m–2m
less than 1 m

1AREA 1 : SEROM

Legend :1Evacuation Centre

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

Production of Flood Hazard Map

8 Feb
2007

2nd Case Study- District of Batu Pahat

Sri Medan

Extent of Flood Area : 62 295 ha
Inundation depth : 0.3 m – 3.0 m

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EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

44~ 0.8 m

8 Feb
2007

• The worst flood
occurred on the 2nd
wave of the flood
event• Inundation depth :0.3 – 3.0 m

Sri Medan, Districtof Batu Pahat on
27 Jan 2007

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Sri Medan,Batu Pahat on
27 Jan 2007
Still inundated

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8 Feb
2007

Interview with theevacuees

Condition inevacuation centre

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8 Feb
2007

Facilities at the evacuation
centre :1. Water Tank
2. Mobile Toilet

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Problems and Possible Solutions

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

Problems and Possible Solutions
No.

Problems

Solution1.

Flood warning

Equip more sirens and make good use of
the siren from the Police Patrol Car / FireFighting and Rescue Truck

2.

Flood forecasting- Installation of more telemetry rainfall

3.

Residents reluctant toevacuate early- Public awareness talk/seminar on the4.

No Flood Hazard Maps - Identify flood prone areaand water level stations- Establish flood forecasting model

danger of flood – lives and property loss
- Flood pamphlets- Give talk on the importance of FHM andorganised drill session (before floodevents- Prepare flood inundation map

8 Feb
2007

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8 Feb
2007

Problems and Possible Solutions
No.
5.

Problems

Solutions

Inundation areas are very
deep

Installation of more pumping stations
to cope with the flood discharge.
Deepening of rivers and systematicdrainage.

From 0.5m to 3m in depth6.

No evacuation signage.

Installation of signage along the roadwhich lead to the evacuation centre

7.

Evacuation centres notgazetted

Gazetting of evacuation centres

8.

Difficulties to evacuate atnight

Installation of high spot light at thegazetted evacuation centres

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

Problems and Possible Solutions

8 Feb
2007

No.

ProblemsSolutions

9.

Ignorant of the importanceof FHM

Organising frequent talk on FHM
to give awareness to the public
Organising ‘town watching’ toschool children

10.

Flood-mark not widely
establishedEstablishing flood mark on
permanent features.

11.

GIS based flood hazard map- Acquire relevant base map- Digitize flood hazard map- Use digital terrain model

12.

DEM (Digital ElevationMaps) not established. Leadto inaccuracy ofdemarcating flood depth

Establishing more DEM’s

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8 Feb
2007

Conclusions

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPINGConclusions

53

 The production of Flood Hazard Map can be a useful tooland lead to a safe, smooth and quick manner thus lesscasualties and loss of properties.
 FHM is very important before any structural measures
undertaken and can serve to complement structural
measures after they are implemented
 Town watching and awareness talk on the importance of
FHM are very useful to gather the latest information, theneeds of the residents during evacuation process and theneeds of the Government to save lives and properties

 The cooperation between residents, Municipal Office andthe Government will save a lot of lives and property loss,
8 Feb
thus lead to a safe, smooth and quick evacuation.
2007

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548 Feb
2007

Acknowledgement

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

Acknowledgement

8 Feb
2007

We would like to take this opportunity to thanks the Director ofHydrology and Water Resources Division, DID Malaysia, DID’sDistrict Engineer of Muar and Batu Pahat, supporting staffs and mycolleagues for making this Flood Hazard Maps a success;My deepest appreciation to ICHARM / JICA for giving DID Malaysia
the honour to host this seminar and thus giving us the opportunity
to share our experience in producing Flood Hazard Maps in thisseminar.

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8 Feb
2007

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPINGAREA 1 : SEROM

Names of evacuation center: Penghulu Abdullah Primary School

Capacity of the evacuation centre: 500 people

8 Feb Capacity of the evacuation centre during flood event : Approximately 300 people
2007

57

EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONALSEMINAR ON FLOOD HAZARD MAPPINGAREA 2 : GERISEK

8 Feb
2007

Names of evacuation center : 58
Multipurpose Hall of Bukit
GambirCapacity of the evacuation
centre :1500 people
Capacity of the evacuation
centre during flood event :Approximately 750 people
Facilities for handicap person :1. Pathway
2. Utilities room
3. Hall
4. Operation Centre Room
5. Toilets
6. Spacious parking area