Flood Hazard Mapping in China

Yumei Deng

The Office of State Flood Controland Drought Relief Headquarters
P.R.China

Brief Introduction to OSFCDRH
 OSFCDRH is a flood control command
institution in P. R. C, and it is located in theMinistry of Water Resources P. R. China.
 Main functions: to organize nationwide activitiesof flood control and drought relief, undertakethe day-to-day work of the State Flood Control
and Drought Relief Headquarters, and carry out
unified control of water volume from water
conservancy and hydropower facilities all overthe country following the directives of theHeadquarters.
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Brief Introduction to OSFCDRH The general commander of SFCDRH is avice premier of the state council.
 The member of SFCDRH are relevant
department in state council.
 As an deputy director of take charge Yellow
River and Taihu, My recent works are floodcontrol management and the flood control
operation of Yellow River and Taihu. At thesame time, I am drafting out laws abort floodmanagement.
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The Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters P.R.C
Address: No2, Lane 2, Baiguang Road, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100053, China
Tel:(86)010-63202539
Fax:(86)010-63202483
Website address: sfdh@chinawater.com.cn

Flood hazard map is very importantChina is one of the countries suffering
most from flooding.
It is of vital importance to protect people
and property in floodplain from flooding.
The recent practice of flood control in
China have shown that the flood hazard
map is an effective way to keep people
away from devastating floods and mitigate
the damage when they occur.

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1. Development of Flood Hazard Mapping inChina
Since 1984, China has
made flood hazard
mapping.
The first Flood Hazard
Mapping was in the Flood
Diversion Area.
Then many Flood Hazard
Maps hade made in therive or city Area.

Three stages
 1984-1997 The hazard mapping hade made in Different
standard and different specification in China. Usually thehazard maps was marked in the Paper.
 1997-2004 The hazard mapping hade made in the 10、50、
100 、200 、the largest history flood inundation areas lined
out in different colors. The hazard maps was marked in thePaper or in computer.
 2004-2007 The state’s technique standard of production offlood hazard mapping was be illustrated in China. The hazardmaps was marked in computer use GIS.
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Four types

1. The hazard maps are in The River’s flood
detention areas typical.
2. The hazard maps are in the urban areas
3. The hazard maps are in the reservoirs
downstream if the dam break.
4. The hazard maps are in the flood
diversion areas.

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Three steps to generate
flood hazard mapHistorical flood inundation maps byinvestigation or simulation of historicalfloods.
Estimated flood inundation maps bysimulation of floods with different returnperiods.
Flood hazard maps by combination of
estimated flood inundation map and otherinformation.

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This is the possibil
inundation area in China

The flood hazard map
in Yangtze River

This is the possibil
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inundation area

The Flood
Diversion Area

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The flood hazard map in Rer yan city of Hunan provinceThis is theescape routThis is the 50
years recurrence
inundationarea
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This is the 20years recurrence
inundation area
12This is thesheltering
This is theevacuation rout2004.10.12

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Dam
If the dam breakThis area will beinundation

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The flood hazard map in Huangshi Reservoir

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Dam

The flood hazard map inWuqianxi Reservoir
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If the dam breakThis area will beinundation 15

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In 2004,The technique standard of production offlood hazard mapping hade be published2004.10.12

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Today, we make use of theGIS do flood hazard mapping

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This is the 50
years recurrence
inundation area

This is the 10years
recurrence
inundationarea

This is the5years
recurrence
inundation areaThis is the5years
recurrence
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inundation

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2.The Function of the Flood
Hazard Mapping in China
Flood hazard map is used primarily to Flood
Emergency management, such as toprovide information for decision makers torespond quickly and effectively during flood
events and for flood damage assessment
before, during and after flood events, andfor evacuation, sheltering.

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2.The Function of the Flood Hazard
Mapping in China
 We did some flood hazard mapping to make theplan of evacuation. For example:
 In 2006, Nanping Fujian China occurrence flood,We according to flood hazard mapping, avoided
personnel's dead and injured, and reduced theproperty loses.
 In 2005, Wuzhou Guanxi China occurrence
flood(1/0.01), according to establish in advance oftransfer the project although the city east district isflooded, did not result in personnel's dead.
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FujianChina Minjian
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flood hazard mapping

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Inundation areas of 20
years return period. In2006, these area isflooded.

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Fujian China Nanping
flood hazard mapping 23

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According to flood hazard mapping
and the evacuation plan, We avoided
personnel's dead and injured, and 24
reduced the property loses.

Inundation areas of 50 years
return period

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In 2005,Wuzhou Guanxi
China occurrence flood(1/0.01), exceeded the flood
control standard of the dike(1/0.02).

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According to evacuation plan, People
arrived at the safe region. Although theeastern region of city is flooded, did not
result in personnel's dead.

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In the Western region of citywest district .we added the highdike. So the wastern region ofcity did not be flooded.

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3.Future Direction
 In the past 50 years, attempts have been made to control
flood by structural measures. With 2003 floods as a turning
point, the flood management strategy was adjusted.
 The current strategy is to manage flood by combination ofstructural and non-structural measures.
 Structural measures: embankment , river training,construction of dam , retarding basin, pumping station, etc.
 Non-structural measures: flood forecast and warning,measures against extreme floods and floods exceeding
design flood, operation and management of flood control
works, management of retarding basins and floodplains, law,policy and rules for flood management, etc.
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3.Future Direction
 Try to use the flood hazard mapping in the valuation system of flood
disaster lose and in the land Use management.
management
 The work of the flood hazard mapping in the national scope have been
mad in “Eleventh Five-Year Development Plan for the National WaterSector”.
 At the beginning of 1997, the central government decided to generate
flood hazard map Try to produce the flood hazard maps of every kind of type in theuniform regulations. such as the united technique standard andrequired the uniform information.
 Establishing the national leads group of flood hazard maps.
 Try to issue the technique guidebook of the flood hazard mapping.
 Try to use the flood hazard mapping in the Promotes intensification inrisk areas.

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Next step, flood hazard
map will be applied
to management ofstructure building in
the floodplain.
“Flood Impact
evaluation
managementregulation ” will beissues (Similar
Executive Order11988 of America).
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 In this document, we try to prevent filling the floodplain,and prevent reducing river transect, and reduce flooddamage.
 If the bridge will be build, then the document of flood
Impact evaluation should be make. if the bridge
Impact water pass, then the bridge can not be build.
 If the flood will inundate the building, then the prevent
measure will be request to do.
 Technical specification of The Flood Impact Evaluation
will be issues.
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4. Challenge and problem
 Since there are a large number of rivers in China,
much work needs to be done abort FHM in thecoming years. So the Challenge come fromfinancial assistance and technical assistance.
 Published FHM to public is difficult because Lackof laws support. Some one think of Published FHM
will affect the value of land.
 It is difficult for public awareness of FHM forwatersheds primarily for land management.
 Difficulty in getting socio-economic data large
amount of .
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It is difficulty for FHM to be used in Flash flood in
mountainous area.

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It is difficulty for FHM to be used in typhoon
disaster.

The 2006’s Typhoon 4 result Flashflood of 500 years return period
and result in 615 personnel'sdead, and disappear 208 people,
farm crop disaster the area 1170
thousand hectare, tumble down
the house 27.79 ten thousand,2004.10.12
direct economies lose 329.95
hundred million yuan.

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It is difficulty for FHM to be used intyphoon disaster The 2006’s Typhoon
8 result high windand result in 442
personnel's dead,and disappear 141
people. The strong
wind makes theZhejiang lots of newhouse to tumble
down, and also
make Fujian takeshelter from thewind near thousandships of good harbor
insides to sink.

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5. Conclusions
 I get many useful information from the “Training Course”.
 I know the Japanese Government has mad many things inflood control, and the main flood control measures havebeen established, In particular, the flood hazard mapping
play an important role in fighting flood and waterlog
disasters.
 Japanese FHM is used to raise awareness of flood disasterprevention among the residents and provide information on
evacuation routes and shelters, which can make it easy forresidents to evacuate and shelter from flooding.
 Today, the Chinese government is too thoughtful of floodrisk the information announce the resident.
 Some pictures, books, multimedia of information on flash
flood and evacuation have been provided to the residents
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freely .

 FHM is expected to play an bigger role forflood control plan, flood control works
construction, land exploitation and awaking
public consciousness etc.
 I think of the JICA Regional-Focused
Training Course “Flood Hazard Mapping”,
and “East and Southeast Asia Regional
Seminar on Flood Hazard Mapping” are veryuseful for us.
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6. Suggestion
 I suggest that much Training Course will behold, and much Seminar will be hold, andmore experts can be invited, much contents
can be discuss, such as flood management
policy and prevent typhoon measure.

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Thank YOU！

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