⽇本語能⼒試験 ⽂法マスター

JLPT N4
Grammar MasterN4文法
ぶんぽう法 文130+ GRAMMAR LESSONS YOU MUST KNOW TO PASS THE JLPT!
Complete Study Guide
By JLPTsensei.com

JLPT N4
Grammar Master

Complete Study Guide
By: JLPTsensei.com
This book includes all of the grammar points that you willneed to know in order to pass the JLPT N4.
In total, there are lessons for 131 grammar points over 300 pages.
Each lesson includes the meaning, usage rules, grammar notes,
as well as numerous example sentences from beginner to advanced.
Good luck!

Copyright © 2020 by JLPTsensei.com
All rights reserved. This ebook or any portion thereof
may not be reproduced or distributed in any manner whatsoever
without the express written permission of the author.

JLPT N4 Grammar Lessons

Table of Contents#Grammar

ぶんぽう

Meaning

Page

1

間

aida

while; during; between

6

2

間に

aida niwhile/during~ something happened93あまり～ないamari~nai

not very, not much

124

後でato deafter ~; later

145ばbaconditional form; If [A] then [B]166

場合はbaai wa

in the event of; in the case that217ばかりbakari

only; nothing but

23

8だけで

dake dejust by; just by doing

25

9出す

dasu

to suddenly begin; to suddenly appear

27

10でございますde gozaimasu

to be (honorific)

29

11

でもdemo... or something31

12ではないかdewa nai ka

right?; isn't it?

33

13が必要

ga hitsuyou

need; necessary

35

14がする

ga suru

to smell; hear; taste

37

15

がり

gari

personality; tend to~; sensitivity towards~

39

16

がる・がっている

garu; gatteiru

to show signs of; to appear; to feel45

17ございますgozaimasu

to be, to exist (polite form of いる/ある)

45

18

始める

hajimeru

to start; to begin to ~47

19

はずだhazu da

it must be; it should be (expectation)

49

20

はずがない

hazu ga nai

cannot be (impossible)

51

21

必要がある

hitsuyou ga aru

need to; it is necessary to

53

22

意向形

ikou kei

volitional form​; let's do ~56

23

いらっしゃるirassharu

to be; to come; to go (polite version)

59

24

いたしますitashimasu

to do (polite form of する)

61

25

じゃないか

janai karight? isn't it? let's~; confirmation

63

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#Grammar

ぶんぽうMeaningPage

110 ということ

to iu kotoconvert phrase into noun

244

111 と言われている

to iwarete iru

it is said that...

246

112 と聞いた

to kiita

I heard...

248

113 と思うto omouto think…; I think…; you think…

250

114 とか～とかtoka~toka

among other things; such as; like252

115 ところ

tokorojust about to; on the verge of doing ~254

116 続ける

tsuzukeru

continue to; keen on

256

117 ってtte

named; called

259

118 受身形

ukemi kei

passive form; passive voice261

119 は〜が… はwa~ga... wa[A] but [B]; however; comparison

264

120 やすいyasui

easy to; likely to; prone to; a tendency to~266

121 やっとyatto

at last; finally; barely; narrowly

268

122 よりyorithan; rather than; more than270

123 予定だ

yotei daplan to, intend to273

124 ようだ

you daappears; seems; looks as if

275

125 ように / ようなyou ni / you na

like; as; similar to277

126 ようになる

you ni naru

to reach the point that; to turn into

279

127 ようにする

you ni suru

to try to; to make sure that281

128 ようと思う

you to omou

thinking of doing; planning to283

129 ぜひzehi

by all means; certainly; definitely

286

130 全然～ないzenzen~nai(not) at all288

131 づらいzurai

difficult to do290

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間あいだMeaning

How To Usewhile; during; between

Verb (dictionary form)
Noun + の間

Learn Japanese grammar: 間 【あいだ】(aida). Meaning: while; during; between.

Meaning 1) while/during
This is used when you do something the whole time during a certain period of time, so it is often paired
together with words like ずっと “continuously”.

電⾞に乗っている間、ずっと本を読んでいました。
densha ni notteiru aida, zutto hon o yonde imashita.
I read a book the entire time I was on the train.
Instead if you want to say something happened at one point “during” some time, use 間に (aida ni).

Meaning 2) between
This can express the physical space between [A] and [B].

名古屋は東京と⼤阪の間にあります。
nagoya wa toukyou to oosaka no aida ni arimasu.
Nagoya is in between Tokyo and Osaka.

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Or the time between [A] and [B].

9時から5時までの間、仕事です。
ku ji kara go ji made no aida, shigoto desu.
I work from 9 to 5.

Example Sentences

1.

昨⽇は、家にいる間、ずっとテレビを⾒ていました。
kinou wa, ie ni iru aida, zutto terebi o miteimashita.
Yesterday, while I was home I watched TV the entire time.

2.

⽇本にいる間は、毎⽇⽇本語を話すつもりです。
nihon ni iru aida wa, mainichi nihongo o hanasu tsumori desu.
I plan to speak Japanese everyday while I am in Japan.

3.

サイクリングをしている間、ずっと⾬が降っていました。
saikuringu o shiteiru aida, zutto ame ga futteimashita.
It rained the entire time I was cycling.

4.

⾷事の間、彼⼥と⼀緒に映画を⾒ました。
shokuji no aida, kanojo to isshoni eiga o mimashita.
While eating dinner, I watched a movie together with my girlfriend.

5.

学校にいる間は、スマホを使ってはいけません。
gakkou ni iru aida wa, sumaho o tsukatte wa ikemasen.
We can't use our smartphones while in school.

6.

バスに乗っている間、ずっと寝ていました。
basu ni notteiru aida, zutto neteimashita.
I slept the entire time I was on the bus.

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7.

バスを待っている間、後ろのおばあさんと話をしていました。
basu o matteiru aida, ushiro no obaasan to hanashi o shiteimashita.
While waiting for the bus, I spoke to the elderly lady behind me.

8.

⽇本にいる間は私の家に泊まって。
nihon ni iru aida wa watashi no ie ni tomatte.
You can stay at my house while you are in Japan.

9.

あなたがここにいる間は私がいろいろ案内してあげましょう。
anata ga koko ni iru aida wa watashi ga iroiro annai shite agemashou.
I'll show you around while you are here.

10.

この⼆⼈の間にどのような関係が⽣まれますか︖
kono futari no aida ni dono youna kankei ga umaremasu ka?
What kind of relationship will develop between the two of them?

Practice writing your own sentences!

JLPTsensei.com-Page 8間にあいだにMeaning

How To Use

while/during~ something happened

Verb (casual, non-past)
Noun + のい-adjective + い

間にな-adjective + なLearn Japanese grammar: 間に 【あいだに】(aida ni). Meaning: while/during~ something happened.

Meaning 1) doing with intent while~
This is very similar to 間 (aida), but one difference is that it can also show intent. That you intentionallychose to do something during some time or take advantage of an opportunity.

待っている間に本を読んだ。
matteiru aida ni hon o yonda.
I read a book while I waited.
This expresses that you took advantage of the time you were waiting to read a book.

Meaning 2) while/during [A] something happened
This can also express something that happened while or during a time period that is not in your control.

寝ている間に夢を⾒ました。
neteiru aida ni yume o mimashita.
I had a dream while I was sleeping.
Having a dream is something that is out of our control, so this simply expresses that the dream had
happened during the period you were asleep.

JLPTsensei.com-Page 9Example Sentences

1.

夜の間に⽕事が起こった。
yoru no aida ni kaji ga okotta.
A fire broke out during the night.

2.

知らない間に寝ていた。
shiranai aida ni neteita.
I fell asleep before I even realized it.

3.

⽇本にいる間に、⽇本語が上⼿になりたいです。
nihon ni iru aida ni, nihongo ga jouzu ni naritai desu.
I want to get good at Japanese while I'm in Japan.

4.

休みの間に漢字を200個覚えた。
yasumi no aida ni kanji o ni hyaku ko oboeta.
I memorized 200 kanji over the break.

5.

先⽣がいない間にスマホを⾒ていた。
sensei ga inai aida ni, sumaho o miteita.
I looked at my smartphone while the teacher was gone.

6.

私が料理をしている間に電話がなった。
watashi ga ryouri o shiteiru aida ni denwa ga natta.
The phone rang while I was cooking.

7.

昨⽇、私は買い物をしている間に⾃転⾞を盗まれた。
kinou, watashi wa kaimono o shiteiru aida ni jitensha o nusumareta.
Yesterday my bicycle was stolen while I was doing some shopping.

JLPTsensei.com-Page 108.

夏休みの間に、復習しておいてくださいね。
natsuyasumi no aida ni, fukushuu shite oite kudasai.
Please make sure to review over summer break.

9.

電⾞を待っている間にこの雑誌でも読んでください。
densha o matteiru aida ni kono zasshi demo yonde kudasai.
Please feel free to read this magazine while you are waiting on the train.

10.

彼は⼿術を受けている間に死んだ。
kare wa shujutsu o uketeiru aida ni shinda.
He died while undergoing surgery.

Practice writing your own sentences!

JLPTsensei.com-Page 11

あまり〜ないMeaning

How To Use
い-adjective + いくない

not very, not much
あまりな-adjective + なじゃない
Verb (ない form)

Learn Japanese grammar: あまり〜ない (amari~nai). Meaning: not very, not much.
It is used in combination with the negative form of an adjective or verb to describe something that you
don’t really do. ない can be conjugated normally into the more polite negative ません or past forms aswell.

Example Sentences1.

私はあまり運動しない。
watashi wa amari undou shinai.
I don't really exercise.

2.

⽇本語があまり分からない。
nihongo ga amari wakaranai.
I don't really understand Japanese.

3.

ホラー映画はあまり⾒ない。
horaa eiga wa amari minai
I don't really watch horror movies.

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4.

彼はあまり速く⾛ることができない。
kare wa amari hayaku hashiru koto ga dekinai.
He can't run very fast.

5.

この⽂法があまり分かりません。教えてください。
kono bunpo ga amari wakarimasen. Oshiete kudasai.
I don't understand this grammar very well, could you please explain it to me?

6.

この⾷べ物はあまり美味しくなかった。
kono tabemono wa amari oishi kunakatta.
The food wasn't that great.

7.

私はあまりテニスが上⼿ではない。
watashi wa amari tenisu ga jouzu dewa nai.
I'm not very good at tennis.

8.

冷たい飲み物があまり好きじゃありません。
tsumetai nomimono ga amari suki jaarimasen.
I don't really like cold beverages.

9.

最近は忙しくて、友だちとあまり遊んでいません。
saikin wa isogashikute, tomodachi to amari asonde imasen.
I've been so busy lately that I've hardly seen my friends.

Practice writing your own sentences!

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