੕ହ

঄ॺभ৬৔ৎੑ‫كگق‬ম৑ ଢ଼঳ 1,‫ڮ‬叞
1: ਨਲ੊প৾ ੡༁ઇ౸2: ॔३ঙই‫؞‬঍থঐ੶୛ଃ੮ ৶হশࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ့ங㢮ࡢయෆ᫬ィࡢ◊✲ࡣ࣐࢘ࢫࡸࣛࢵࢺ࡞࡝ኪ⾜ᛶࡆࡗṑ㢮ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋࡑࡇ࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓయෆ᫬ィࡢㅖᛶ㉁ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡲࡲࣄࢺ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࡆࡗ
ṑ㢮ࡢ⾜ືࡣࣄࢺࡢᵝ࡟㞟⣙໬㸦consolidate㸧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ㐃⥆↷᫂ୗ࡛ᐜ᫆࡟୙㩭᫂࡟࡞ࡿࠋࣄࢺ࡛ࡣගࡼࡾࡶ♫఍ⓗࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡞࡝ࡢ㠀ගᅉᏊࡀࡼࡾᙉ࠸ྠㄪᅉᏊ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡆࡗṑ㢮࡛ࡣ㠀ගྠㄪࡣⓙ↓࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࣄࢺࡢయෆ᫬ィ࡛ࡳࡽࢀࡿ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ෆⓗ⬺ྠㄪࡣࡆࡗ
ṑ㢮࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ሗ࿌ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋⴭ⪅ࡽࡣࠊぬ㓰๣ࡢ៏ᛶᢞ୚࡟ࡼࡾࠊ๓㏙ࡢࣄࢺ࡟≉᭷࡞ㅖᛶ㉁ࡀࡆࡗṑ㢮ࡢయෆ᫬ィ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࣜࢬ࣒⌧㇟࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿᕪ␗ࡣぬ㓰ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᕪ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡢ௬ㄝࢆ❧࡚ࡓࠋࣄࢺࡣ㐍໬ࡢ㐣⛬࡛኱⬻⓶㉁ࡀⓎ㐩㸦⓶㉁໬㸧ࡋࠊぬ㓰ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ᱁ẁ࡟ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ࣄࢺ࡛ࡶࠊぬ㓰ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀప࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿஙᗂඣࡸ㧗㱋⪅࡛ࡣࠊ╧╀ࡸぬ㓰ࡢศ᩿໬࡜⮬↛࿘ᮇ㸦᫨ኪࠊᏘ⠇㸧࡬ࡢࡼࡾᙉ࠸౫Ꮡࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࣄࢺ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ᣺ື※࡜యෆ᫬ィࡢⓎ᣺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣔࢹࣝື≀࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆཧ⪃࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋࣄࢺࡢయෆ᫬ィ㸦3㸧ࡢ┠ḟ

3㸬⾜ື㸦╧╀ぬ㓰㸧ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㐍໬

3㸬⾜ື㸦╧╀ぬ㓰㸧ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㐍໬ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚Ẽ࡙ࡃ኱ࡁ࡞ᕪ␗ࡣࠊ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

ࣄࢺࡢ⾜ື㸦╧╀ぬ㓰㸧ࣜࢬ࣒࡜ࡆࡗṑ㢮➼ࡢࡑࢀ(1) Basic Rest-Activity Cycle (BRAC)༢┦ᛶࠊከ┦ᛶࡢ┦㐪࡜ࠊ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ෆⓗ⬺ྠㄪࡢ᭷↓(2) ᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࠿ࡽࡢ⊂❧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡢ▱ࡿ㝈ࡾࠊࡆࡗṑ㢮࡛⮬Ⓨⓗෆⓗ⬺ྠㄪ(3) ࣂ࢘ࢺ᣺ືయ

ࡢ౛ࡣሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ࠾஫࠸

4㸬㠀ど஺ཫୖ᰾᣺ືయࡢ㐍໬(1) ⾜ື࠿ࡽᴫ᪥᣺ື࡬ࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ
(2) ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪ㸦Relative co-ordination㸧
5㸬ࣄࢺయෆ᫬ィࡢࣔࢹࣝື≀(1) ぬ㓰๣(2) ࣓ࢱࣥࣇ࢙ࢱ࣑ࣥㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒1) ࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇ
2) ྠㄪᛶ
3) ╧╀ᵓ㐀(3) MAP ㄏᑟᛶ᣺ືయ㸦MAO㸧
6㸬ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ㸰᣺ືయࣔࢹࣝ

࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
㸦㸯㸧Basic Rest-Activity Cycle (BRAC)
ኪ⾜ᛶࡢࣛࢵࢺࡸ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣከ┦ᛶ࡛ࠊ
ኪࡣ 1 ᫬㛫࠿ࡽ 2 ᫬㛫ᣢ⥆ࡍࡿάືࡢሢ㸦ࣂ࢘ࢺ㸧ࡀ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡋࠊ᫨࡟ࡶప᣺ᖜ࡛࠶ࡿࡀྠᵝࡢάືࡀᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࠋ⏕ᚋ 3 㐌࡛㞳ஙࡋࡓ㞝ࣛࢵࢺࡢ᫂ᬯ
᮲௳ୗ㸦LD12:12㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬Ⓨ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒㸦15 ศ㛫㝸ࡢィ㸧ࢆࠊ㞳ங 2 㐌㛫ᚋ࠿ࡽ 10 ᪥㛫࢝࢖஧஌࣌

ࣜ࢜ࢻࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࿘ᮇゎᯒࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᡂศ࡜ࡋ࡚ 24 ᫬㛫ࡢ௚࡟ࠊ4㹼6 ᫬㛫ࠊ8 ᫬㛫ࠊ12 ᫬㛫௜㏆࡟᭷ព࡞ࣆ
࣮ࢡࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸯ࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ4-6 ᫬㛫࿘ᮇࡀ๓㏙ࡢάືࣂ࢘ࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᡂ⋇ࣛࢵࢺࢆ 200 ࣝࢵࢡࢫࡢ

(1) 㸰┦ᛶࡢ╧╀㐃⥆↷᫂ୗ࡟࠾ࡃ࡜ࠊᴫ᪥࿘ᮇࡣ 25-26 ᫬㛫࡟ᘏ㛗(2) ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢග࿘ᮇኚື

ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ᭷ព࡞࿘ᮇᛶࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡀࠊάື(3) ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡬ࡢ෌ྠㄪ

ࣂ࢘ࢺࡣᏑ⥆ࡋࠊࡑࡢᖹᆒ࿘ᮇࡣ 5.1 ᫬㛫㸦SD = 1.06ࠊ
n = 9㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸰ࠋࡇࡢᵝ࡞▷࿘ᮇ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣከࡃࡢ

‫ݩ‬kenhonma@med.hokudai.ac.jp᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ
2Vol. 26, No. 1 (2020)ᅗ㸯 ⮬⏤⾜ື࣐࢘ࢫࡢど஺ཫୖ᰾࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫬ィ㑇ఏᏊ⏘≀㸦PER2㸧ࡢ㉸᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࠋ
ᕥୖẁࡣ 4 ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟Ώࡿ PER2 Ⓨ⌧㸦㉥㸧࡜⮬Ⓨ⾜ື㸦㯮㸧ࡢ᫬⣔ิࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮ࠋ࡞࠾ PER2 Ⓨ⌧㔞ࡣ┦ᑐⓗⓎග㔞 RLU㸦Relative
Light Unit㸧࡛⾲ࡍࠋᕥୗẁࡣࡑࡢ㉸᪥࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Wavelet ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛࠋྑᅗࡣࠊᴫ᪥࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦ࡜㉸᪥࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦࡢ
࢝࢖஧஌ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࢢ࣒ࣛࠋᩥ⊩ 16 ࡼࡾᘬ⏝ࠋື≀࡛ ☜ㄆࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ 㸱 ࠋ N. Kleitman 㸲 ࡣ ࡇࢀࢆ▷࿘ᮇࡢ࿘ᮇᛶࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ㉸᪥ᛶ

Basic Rest-Activity Cycle (BRAC) ࡜࿧ࢇࡔࠋ

㸦ultradian㸧ࣜࢬ࣒࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ

Ⰻࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୍ኪࡢ╧╀࡛ࡣ࣒ࣞ╧╀࡜ࣀ࣒ࣥࣞ╧╀ࡀ 90㹼120 ศ㛫㝸࡛ฟ⌧ࡍࡿࠋ୍⯡㸦㸰㸧ᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࠿ࡽࡢ⊂❧ᛶ࡟╧╀ࡢ๓༙࡟ฟ⌧ࡍࡿ࣒ࣞ╧╀ࡣ▷ࡃࠊᚋ༙࡟㛗ࡃࡇࢀࡽ㉸᪥ᛶࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㉳※ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡀࠊಶࠎࡢ

࡞ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊࣀ࣒ࣥࣞ╧╀ࡣ╧╀๓༙࡟῝ࡃࠊ㛗ࡃࠊ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࡢ᣺ᖜࡸ࿘ᮇࠊ఩┦ࡣᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ╧╀ᚋ༙࡟ὸࡃࠊ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞╧ཷࡅ࡚ኚࢃࡿࠋࣛࢵࢺࡢど஺ཫୖ᰾ࢆ◚ቯࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ

╀ᵓ㐀ࡣ╧╀ࡑࢀ⮬యࡢᛶ㉁࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࡜

ᓥ≧࡟௚ࡢ⬻㒊఩࠿ࡽษࡾ㞳ࡋ࡚ࡶάືࣂ࢘ࢺࡣᏑ

ࠋ࣒ࣞ╧╀ࡢฟ⌧⥆ࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࿘ᮇࡣ 1 / 2 ࡟ῶᑡࡍࡿ 1ࠋࡲࡓ࿘ᮇࡢ

ࡣᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣒ࣞ╧╀ࢆⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ⏕య࡛ࡣࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾ࡢ㟁Ẽ╧╀ࡢ࢘࢖ࣥࢻ࣮ࡀᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ࡝ࡢ᫬㛫ᖏ࡟タᐃάື࡟ࡶ▷࿘ᮇࣜࢬ࣒ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ㟁Ẽάືࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡛ࠊ╧╀ᵓ㐀ࡀኚࢃࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊෆⓗ⬺ྠㄪ࡜⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࡀ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 12ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㉸ࡢ㝿࡟ࠊ╧╀ึᮇ࡟࣒ࣞ╧╀ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ 5ࠋ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ᣺ື※ࡣど஺ཫୖ᰾࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ

୍᪉ࠊࣀ࣒ࣥࣞ╧╀ࠊ≉࡟ᚎἼ㸦0㸫2 Hz㸧ࡀከࡃฟど஺ཫୖ᰾◚ቯ࡛ࡶ㉸᪥ᡂศࡀṧࡾࠊࣛࢵࢺࡸ࣐࢘ࢫ

⌧ࡍࡿᚎἼ╧╀ࡣඛ⾜ࡍࡿぬ㓰ᮇࡢ㛗ࡉࡸぬ㓰ࡢ⛬ࡢ⏕ᚋⓎ㐩ࡢࡈࡃึᮇࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾࡟ࡣᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ╧╀๓ࡢぬ㓰㔞࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

㸳㸪㸴㸵ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚ໬ࡍࡿ ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ╧╀ࡢ㛗ࡉࡣᴫ᪥ࣜ

Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ᮇࠊ⾜ືࡣ㉸᪥ᛶ࡛ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ้ࢇ࡛࠸

ࢬ࣒ࡢᨭ㓄ୗ࡟࠶ࡾࠊᚭኪ࡟ᘬࡁ⥆ࡃᅇ᚟╧╀ࡢ㛗ࡉࡿ 13ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾༢⊂ࡢᇵ㣴⣔࡛ࡣ㟁Ẽάືࡣඛ⾜ࡍࡿぬ㓰ࡢ㛗ࡉࡼࡾࡶࠊᴫ᪥࿘ᮇࡢ࡝ࡢࢱ࢖࣑

14 ࡸ⣽⬊ෆ Ca15 ࡢኚື࡟㉸᪥ᡂศࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ

㸶ࣥࢢ࡛╧╀ࢆྲྀࡗࡓ࠿࡟ࡼࡿ ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ᰿ᣐ࡟ぬど஺ཫୖ᰾ࢆどᗋୗ㒊࡟௜ࡅࡓࡲࡲᇵ㣴ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㉸᪥㓰㜈್ࡀᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸰㐣⛬ࣔࢹᡂศࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ 15ࠋ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊ⏕య࡛ど஺ཫୖ᰾ࡢ

ࣝࡀ⪃᱌ࡉࢀࡓ㸦➨ 1 㒊ཧ↷㸧ࠋ᫬ィ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆⓎග࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮࡛

ᐃࡍࡿࣄࢺࡢ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ⏕ᚋⓎ㐩ࡢึᮇࡣከ┦ᛶ࡛࠶࡜ࠊᴫ᪥࿘ᮇ௨እ࡟ࡶ㉸᪥࿘ᮇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢ᣺ᖜ

ࡾ㸷ࠊ༢┦ᛶࡢぬ㓰࡜╧╀ࡣ⏕ᚋࡋࡤࡽࡃ⤒ࡓ࡞࠸࡜ࡣᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ఩┦࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 16㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋࡇࡢᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㧗㱋⪅࡛ࡣ᫨㛫࡟ఱᅇࡶ࠺ࡓࡓ

㉸᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣྠ᫬࡟

ᐷࡋࠊኪࡢ╧╀᫬࡟ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ୰㏵ぬ㓰ࡍࡿࠋ㟷ᖺ࡛࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊάື㔞࡜Ⓨග㔞࡟ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ┦㛵ࡶࠊ᪥୰ࡢ╀Ẽ࡟ࡣ 90 ศ࠿ࡽ 120 ศࡢ࿘ᮇᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ

ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ㉸᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᴫ᪥᫬ィ࠿ࡽࡢ⊂

10ࠋࡇࡢ௚ࠊぬ㓰୰ࡢ⫶ࡢ཰⦰ࡸ⭠ࡢ⽸ື㐠ື 11 ࡟ࡶ❧ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫᐃࡋࡓ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺ࡜᫬㛫ⓗ࡟Vol. 26, No. 1 (2020)3ᅗ㸰 ࣂ࢘ࢺ᣺ືయ௬ㄝ
A ࡣ㔝⏕࣐࢘ࢫࠊB ࡣ Cry1/Cry2 ࢲࣈࣝࣀࢵࢡ࢔࢘ࢺ࣐࢘ࢫ㸦CryDKO㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿᴫᛕᅗࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾ෆࡢ」ᩘࡢୗ
㒊ᴫ᪥᣺ືయࡀ⊂⮬ࡢ᣺ືᶵᵓ࡟㥑ືࡉࢀࡿಶࠎࡢ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㔝⏕࣐࢘ࢫ࡜ CryDKO ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿୗ㒊᣺ືయ⩌ࡢ⤖ྜࡢ᭷↓࡛࠶ࡿࠋCryDKO ࣐࢘ࢫࡢୗ㒊᣺ືయ⩌ࡣಶࠎ࡟᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ྠ
ㄪࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ24 ᫬㛫ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡢ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡀぢ࠼ࡿࡀࠊᜏᖖᬯ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࡋ࡚⬺ྠㄪࡍࡿࠋᩥ⊩ 18 ࡼࡾᘬ⏝ࠋ࣒ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿせ⣲࡜࡞ࡿࡀࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾◚ቯࡸ㸦㸱㸧ࣂ࢘ࢺ᣺ືయCryDKO ࡛ᴫ᪥᣺ືయࡀᶵ⬟ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡁࡣࠊ⬺ྠㄪ㉸᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡶࠊࡑࡢ࿘ᮇࢆ้ࡴ⮬ᚊᛶࡢ᣺ືయࡀ

ࡋ࡚㉸᪥ᛶ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣂ࢘ࢺ᣺ືయ௬ㄝ࡛ࡣࠊ㉸᪥Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ୍⯡࡟㉸᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ࿘ᮇࡣ୙Ᏻ

ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㥑ືࡍࡿ᣺ືయࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡃࠊಶࠎ

ᐃ࡛ࠊࣂࣛࡘࡁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࡍ࡛࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ

ࡢ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ」ᩘࡢᴫ᪥᣺ືయ࡛㉸᪥ࣜ㉸᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ఩┦࡟ᛂࡌࢬ࣒ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࠋ

࡚⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࡢ᣺ᖜࡸ࿘ᮇࡀኚࢃࡿࠋ᫬ィ㑇ఏᏊ

Cry1ࠊCry2 ࡢࢲࣈࣝࣀࢵࢡ࢔࢘ࢺ㸦CryDKO㸧࣐࢘

4㸬㠀ど஺ཫୖ᰾᣺ືయࡢ㐍໬ࢫࡢ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝୗ࡛ࡣ୍ぢྠㄪࡋࡓ㸦㸯㸧⾜ື࠿ࡽᴫ᪥᣺ື࡬ࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ

ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀࡳࡽࢀࠊᬯᮇ࡟⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࡀᩘಶฟ⌧ࡍࡿࠋࡆࡗṑ㢮ࡸ㫽㢮࡛☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⎔ቃග࡜ࣇ࣮ࣜ

ࡓࡔࡋࠊಶయ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ᫂ᮇࡢ⤊஢࠿ࡽᬯᮇ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚

ࣛࣥ࿘ᮇࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊࣄࢺ࡛ࡣ 0.5 ࣝࢵࢡࢫ࠿ࡽ 1,000

⾜ືࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊගࡢ࣐ࢫ࢟ࣥࢢ⌧㇟ࡔࡅࣝࢵࢡࢫࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ᫂☜࡛࡞࠸ 19ࠋ୍᪉ࠊS. Campbell࡛ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋCryDKO ࣐࢘ࢫࢆᜏᖖᬯ࡟⛣ࡍࡽࡣࠊእ⏺ࡢྠㄪᅉᏊࢆ㝖࠸ࡓᆅୗࡢ㝸㞳ᐇ㦂ᐊ࡛ࠊ࡜⾜ືࡢᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣᾘኻࡍࡿࡀࠊ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝୗ࡛

⿕㦂⪅ࡢ⾜ື㸦㣗஦ࡸ᫨ᐷ㸧ࢆ඲ࡃไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸᫬㛫࢝ぢࡽࢀࡓ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࡣ 1㹼㸰ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ⥅⥆ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ

࢜ࢫᐇ㦂㸦Chronochaos㸧࡛ࡣయࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࣇ࣮ࣜࣛ

20ࠊࡲࡓព࿡࠶ࡿάື

࣐࢘ࢫ࡟ぬ㓰๣ࠊ࣓ࢱࣥࣇ࢙ࢱ࣑ࣥ㸦MAP㸧ࢆ㣧Ỉ࡟ࣥ࿘ᮇࡀ᭷ព࡟▷⦰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ΰࡐ࡚ᢞ୚ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࡀ⤖ྜࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ㛗࠸⾜㸦ㄞ᭩ࠊ㡢ᴦࠊᇳ➹࡞࡝㸧ࢆ୍ษ⚗Ṇࡍࡿ㠀ྠㄪᐇ㦂ືࣂ࢘ࢺ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ24 ᫬㛫࡟㏆࠸࿘ᮇ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ 30 ᫬㛫㸦disentrainment㸧࡛ࡣ╧╀ࡀ㸰┦ᛶ࡟࡞ࡾࠊయ

࡟㏆࠸࿘ᮇ࡛᣺ືࡋጞࡵࡿ 17ࠋࢬ࣒ࡀ᭱ప್࡟࡞ࡿ᫬้࡜᭱㧗್࡟࡞ࡿ᫬้࡟Ⓨ⌧ࣜࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊCry1ࠊCry2 ࡀᴫ᪥᣺ື࡟ᚲ㡲࡛ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ 21 ࢆ♧ࡋࠊព㆑ⓗ࡞⾜ື࠿ࡽᴫ᪥᫬ィ࡬ࡢࣇ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ௬ㄝ࡜ࡣྜ࠸ධࢀࡎࠊCry ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ௦⾜ࡍࡿ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡢᏑᅾࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡆࡗṑ㢮࡛ࡣࣇศᏊࡢᏑᅾࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࡜⾜ືࣂ࣮࢘ࣜࣛࣥ࿘ᮇࡀάືࡢ㉁࡛ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚ࢺࡢ≉ู࡞㛵ಀࡶ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⴭ⪅ࡽࡣ 18 ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺ࠾ࡾࠊ㍯ᅇࡋ㐠ືࡣࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥ࿘ᮇࢆ▷⦰ࡍࡿ 22ࠋࢆ┤᥋㥑ືࡍࡿከᩘࡢ㠀 SCN ᴫ᪥᣺ືయ㸦ࣂ࢘ࢺ᣺ࣄࢺࡢࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥ࿘ᮇ࡟ࡣ⏨ዪᕪࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ

ືయ㸧ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࠊಶࠎࡢ࿘ᮇࡣ 24 ᫬㛫ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚

ዪᛶ࡛▷࠸ 23ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ࣐࢘ࢫ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶ࣍ࣝࣔࣥ㸦ࢸࢫᗈࡃศᕸࡍࡿ(18㹼30 ᫬㛫)࡜௬ᐃࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࠋࣂ࢘ࢺࢫࢸࣟࣥ㸧ࡀ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ࿘ᮇ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ

ࢺ᣺ືయࡣࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾ࡢᴫ᪥᣺ືయࡀᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊཤໃ㸦⢭ᕢ᦬ฟ㸧࡛ࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇࡀᘏ㛗࡜ࡁࡣࠊࡑࡢᨭ㓄ୗ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚┦஫ྠㄪࡋᴫ᪥⾜ືࣜࢬࡋࠊࢸࢫࢺࢫࢸࣟࣥᢞ୚࡛▷⦰ࡍࡿ 24ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ

᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ
4

Vol. 26, No. 1 (2020)ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶ࣍ࣝࣔࣥࡀᴫ᪥᫬ィ࡟┤᥋ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡢ௚࡟ࠊ࣍ࣝࣔࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ㧗ࡲࡗࡓ᪥୰ࡢάືࣞ࣋ࣝࡀᴫ
᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࡬ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡶ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦㸰㸧┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪ㸦Relative co-ordination㸧
2 ࡘࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ᣺ືࡀ୙᏶඲࡟ྠㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ≉ᚩⓗ࡞⌧㇟ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿ 25ࠋࡑࡢⰋ࠸౛ࡀෆⓗ⬺ྠㄪ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࣄࢺࡢయࣜࢬ࣒࡜╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ぢࡽࢀࠊࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇࡀ࿘ᮇⓗ࡟ኚࢃࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡜ྠ᫬࡟╧╀㸦ぬ㓰㸧ࡢ㛗ࡉ࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ኚ໬ࡀฟࡿ㸦➨ 2 㒊ཧ↷㸧ࠋḟࡢࣔࢹࣝࡢ❶࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡿࡀࠊ
MAP ࢆࣛࢵࢺ࡟៏ᛶᢞ୚ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪࢆ♧ࡋࠊ⾜ື㸦ఇᜥ㸧ࡢ㛗ࡉࡶ࿘ᮇⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ 26㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࠋࡇࡢ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣど஺ཫୖ᰾ᴫ᪥᣺ື
య࠿ࡽ⬺ྠㄪࡋࡓ MAP ㄏᑟᛶ᣺ືయ㸦MAO㸧ࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡀࠊᴫ᪥᣺ື࠿ࡽ᏶඲࡟⊂❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᴫ᪥᣺ືࡢ CT12 ௜㏆࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ఩┦ᚋ㏥ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊάືᮇࡶ㛗࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊCT
24 ௜㏆࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿάືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ఩┦ᚋ㏥ࡀᑠࡉࡃࠊ
άືᮇࡶ▷࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࣄࢺࡢෆⓗ⬺ྠㄪ࡛ࠊయ

ࣜࢬ࣒㸦ᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒㸧ࡢ㡬್࡛ጞࡲࡿ╧╀ࡣ㛗ࡃ㸦άືᮇࡣ▷ࡃ㸧ࠊᗏᆅ࡛ጞࡲࡿ╧╀ࡣ▷࠸㸦άືᮇࡣ㛗࠸㸧ࡇ࡜࡜ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 27,28ࠋ➨ 2 㒊࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊά
ືᮇࡢ㛗ࡉࡣ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㛤ጞ఩┦ࢆ㥑ືࡍࡿ E ᣺ືయ࡜⤊஢఩┦ࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ M ᣺ືయࡢ఩┦ᕪ࡜┦㛵ࡍࡿࠋMAP ࣜࢬ࣒࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪࡣど஺ཫୖ᰾◚ቯࣛࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣ MAP ࣜᅗ㸱 MAP ㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢෆⓗ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪ║⌫᦬ฟࣛࢵࢺࡢࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࢽࣥࢢ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࠋ⦪㍈▮༳ࡢᮇ㛫࡟ MAP ࢆᢞ୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋMAP ᢞ୚ᚋࠊ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣᚎࠎ࡟఩┦ᚋ㏥ࡋࠊ㛤ጞ఩┦ࡀ CT24 ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ࡜఩┦ࢪࣕࣥࣉࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟άືᮇࡀᘏ㛗ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡀ 10㹼12ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡈ࡜࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿࠋMAP ᢞ୚ࢆ୰Ṇࡋࡓᚋࡳࡽ
ࢀࡿ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ఩┦ࡣࠊMAP ᢞ୚๓ࡢࣜࢬ࣒఩┦ࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟࠶ࡾࠊᴫ᪥᣺ືࡢ࿘ᮇࡣኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀุࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪࡣど஺ཫୖ᰾ᴫ᪥᣺ື࡜ MAO ࡜㛫࡛⏕ࡌࡓෆⓗ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᩥ⊩ 26 ࠿ࡽᘬ⏝ࠋࢬ࣒ࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ᣺ືయ㸦MAO 㸧࡜ど஺ཫୖ᰾᣺ື
యࡢ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪ࡜ぢ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟┦ᑐⓗ㸦㸯㸧ぬࡏ࠸๣

༠ㄪ࡟క࠸άືᮇ㸦ఇᜥᮇ㸧ࡢ㛗ࡉࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ

MAP ࡸ࢔ࣥࣇ࢙ࢱ࣑ࣥ࡞࡝ࠊ୍⯡࡟ぬࡏ࠸๣࡜࿧

MAO ᣺ືయ࡜ E, M ᣺ືయ࡜ࡢಶูࡢ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪࢆࡤࢀࡿ≀㉁ࡣ⬻ෆࡢࢻࣃ࣑ࣥ⣔ࢆ่⃭ࡋࠊぬ㓰ࣞ࣋ࣝ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࢆୖࡆࡿࠋከࡃࡣ㣗ḧࢆపୗࡉࡏࠊస⏝ࡀᙉ࠸࡜ከᖾ

ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋឤࠊ㟈࠼ࠊᗁぬዶ᝿࡞࡝ࡶ⌧ࢀࡿࠋ౫Ꮡᛶࡀᙉࡃࠊ㏫⪏ᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ

5㸬ࣄࢺయෆ᫬ィࡢࣔࢹࣝື≀᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ྠㄪࡋࡓࣛࢵࢺࡸ࣐࢘ࢫ࡟ MAP

ࣄࢺయෆ᫬ィࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁࡜ࡑࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ

ࢆ㣧Ỉ࡟⁐࠿ࡋ࡚៏ᛶᢞ୚ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊኪ㛫ࡢάືࣞ࣋ࣝ

ゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ㐺ษ࡞ࣔࢹࣝື≀ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊάືࡸఇᜥࡀ㐃⥆ⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ 29ࠋᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣔࢹࣝື≀ࡢᚲせ࠿ࡘ༑ศ᮲௳ࡣࠊ╧╀ࡲࡓࠊ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒࡟ⴭ᫂࡞ኚ໬ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ⾜ぬ㓰ࡀ༢┦ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒࡜ᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ

ື᫬㛫ᖏࡀᬯᮇࡢᚋ༙࡟఩┦ᚋ㏥ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕᬯᮇ࠿

⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟ෆⓗ⬺ྠㄪࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓ╧╀ぬ㓰ࡀᴫࡽእࢀ࡚ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥ࡟ఝࡓ≧ែ࡜࡞ࡿࠋど஺ཫୖ᰾◚48 ᫬㛫ࠊᴫ 72 ᫬㛫ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ

ቯࣛࢵࢺ࡛ࡣࠊMAP ᢞ୚࡟ࡼࡾከ┦ᛶࡢ⾜ືࡀ࠸ࡃࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍື≀ࡣ⮬↛⏺࡛ࡣࡲࡔሗ࿌ࡀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ

ࡘ࠿ࡢ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺ࡟㞟⣙ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ぬ㓰๣ࡢ៏ᛶᢞ୚࡟ࡼࡾ㢮ఝࡢ⌧㇟ࢆㄏᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ࡋࡓάືᮇ࡜ఇᜥᮇࢆࡶࡘᴫ᪥ᛶࡢ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡀᙧ

ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ㸲㸧
ࠋMAP ࡟ࡼࡾⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡀࠊ
㣧Ỉ⾜ື࡟࿘ᮇᛶࢆసࡾฟࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡣ

᫬㛫⏕≀ᏛVol. 26, No. 1 (2020)5ᅗ㸳 MAP ㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㐃⥆┦㛵ど஺ཫୖ᰾ࢆ◚ቯࡋࡓࣛࢵࢺ࡟ MAP ࢆᢞ୚ࡋࡓࡢࡕ࡟ฟ
⌧ࡍࡿ MAP ㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㐃⥆ࡍࡿάືᮇ㸦Ș㸧࡜ఇᜥᮇ㸦Ȩ㸧ࡢ┦㛵ࠋ┦㛵ಀᩘࡣ㈇࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥ⊩ 31 ࠿ࡽᘬ⏝ࠋ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡋ࡞࠸㠀ࢫࢺࣞࢫᆺ⾜ືィࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊ
MAP ᢞ୚࡛⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᴫ᪥᣺
ືࡢࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥ࿘ᮇࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ 26ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖
ࢡࣝ࡟ྠㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿど஺ཫୖ᰾᫬ィ㑇ఏᏊࡢᴫ᪥ࣜ
ࢬ࣒ࡸ⾑୰࣓ࣛࢺࢽࣥࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ 33ࠋ௨ୖࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ௨ୗࡢ௬ㄝࡀᑟࡁฟࡏࡿࠋ㏻
ᖖᴫ᪥᣺ືయ࡟ᙉࡃᨭ㓄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣛࢵࢺࡢ⾜ືࡣࠊᅗ㸲 MAP ㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᡂ❧㐣⛬⦪㍈▮༳ࡢ⠊ᅖࡀ MAP ᢞ୚ᮇ㛫ࠋMAP ᢞ୚ᚋࠊಶࠎࡢά
ືࣂ࢘ࢺࡢ᣺ᖜࠊᣢ⥆᫬㛫࡜ࡶ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ⼥ྜࡋ࡚༢┦ᛶࡢάືᮇࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥ⊩ 30 ࠿ࡽᘬ⏝ࠋ

MAP ᢞ୚࡛᪂つ࡟ᡂ❧ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᣺ືయ࡟
ࡼࡾᙉࡃᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾ᴫ᪥᣺ື
యࡢᨭ㓄࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᴫ᪥᣺ືయࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ᏶඲࡟↓ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ┦ᑐⓗ༠ㄪ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࠋ

MAP ྵ᭷ỈࡢႴⒷⓗ㣧Ỉ࡜ࡑࡢ୰᩿࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿྍ

MAP ࡣಶࠎࡢ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡏࠊ㐃⥆ࡋࡓάື⬟ᛶࡣࠊ࢜ࢫࣔࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࣭࣑ࢽ࣏ࣥࣉ࡛ MAP ࢆᣢ⥆ᮇࢆసࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ⓗ࡟ᢞ୚ࡋ࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿
㸰㸧ྠㄪᛶࡽྰᐃࡉࢀࡿ 30 ࠋ

MAP ㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ࡣྠㄪ
㸦㸰㸧࣓ࢱࣥࣇ࢙ࢱ࣑ࣥㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࿘ᮇⓗ࡞⤥㣵࡟ࡣྠㄪࡍࡿ 34ࠋ⤥㣵㸯㸧ࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇ

ࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡜⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ఩┦㛵ಀࡣࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇ

MAP ࡟ࡼࡾㄏᑟࡉࢀࡿ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ⾜ື࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࠊ࿘ᮇࡀ㛗࠸࡜ࠊ⾜ື㛤ጞ఩┦ࡣ⤥㣵᫬้ࣜࢬ࣒࡜኱ᕪ࡞࠸ࠋど஺ཫୖ᰾◚ቯࣛࢵࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐇ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᚋ㏥ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣไ㝈⤥㣵ࡢ࿘ᮇࢆ㦂࡛ࠊMAP ࡢ⃰ᗘ࡜ࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇ࡟ࡣṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚᫬࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ⤥㣵๓⾜ືࣆ࣮ࢡ࡜⤥㣵࡜⃰ᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝࿘ᮇࡣ㛗࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊάືᮇ㸦ǂ㸧࡜ఇࡢ఩┦㛵ಀࡢኚ໬࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ 35ࠋど஺ཫୖ᰾ࢆ◚ቯࡋᜥᮇ㸦ǒ㸧ࡢẚ ǂǒ ẚࡣࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇ࡜㏫┦㛵ࡍࡿ 31 㸦ᅗࡓ࣐࢘ࢫ࡛ࡣࠊMAP ᢞ୚᫬้࠿ࡽ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡀฟ⌧㸳㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㐃⥆┦㛵ಀᩘࡣ㈇࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ

ࡋࠊ࢔ࢻࣜࣈᢞ୚࡟ኚ࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ᫬้࠿ࡽ⊂⮬ࡢ࿘ࡇࡢ࿘ᮇᛶࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟⮬ᚊ᣺ື⣔ࡢᏑᅾࡀ᥎

ᮇ࡛ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࡍࡿ 36ࠋࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ≉࡟๓඙ࡶ࡞ࡃ✺↛࿘ᮇࡀ 2 ಸࡢ㛗ࡉ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ
ࡑࡢ㝿άືᮇࡀ኱ᖜ࡟ᘏ㛗ࡍࡿ 32ࠋࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣࠊࣄࢺࡢ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒࡛ࡳࡽࢀࡿᴫ 48 ᫬㛫㸦circabidian㸧㸱㸧╧╀ᵓ㐀
MAP ៏ᛶᢞ୚ࣛࢵࢺࡢ⬻Ἴࢆᐃࡍࡿ࡜ࠊఇᜥᮇ

ࣜࢬ࣒࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾ᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ

ࡢ๓༙࡟ᚎἼ╧╀࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ ǅ ࣃ࣮࣡ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡲ

MAP ᢞ୚ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ཷࡅ࡞࠸ࠋᴫ᪥᫬ィ࡟ࣇࡓࠊ╧╀ᚋ༙࡟ ǃ ࣃ࣮࣡ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ࣒ࣞ╧╀ࢆ㢖Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊே࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺

᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ
6

Vol. 26, No. 1 (2020)ᅗ㸴 MAO ࡢ」ྜ᣺ືయࣔࢹࣝ
MAP ᢞ୚ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸᫬ࡣࠊ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺࢆ㥑ືࡍࡿ⬻ෆᮎᲈ᫬ィࡣど஺ཫୖ᰾㸦SCN㸧ᴫ᪥᣺ືయ࡟ྠㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋMAP
ᢞ୚࡟ࡼࡾど஺ཫୖ᰾እࡢᴫ᪥᣺ືᏊࡀ┦஫ྠㄪࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡽࡓ࡞」ྜᴫ᪥᣺ືయ㸦MAO㸧ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋMAO ࡣ MAP ㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒㸦╧╀ぬ㓰ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ㸧ࢆ㥑ືࡍࡿࠋᩥ⊩ 36 ࠿ࡽᘬ⏝ࠋ࡞▷࿘ᮇࡢ࿘ᮇᛶࡣࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋど஺ཫୖ᰾ࢆ◚ࡣ MAP ᢞ୚࡛᪂ࡋࡃᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ᣺ືయ࡛ࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ

ቯࡋࡓࣛࢵࢺ࡛⬻Ἴࢆ」ᩘࡢ᣺ືయ㸦ᮎᲈ᫬ィ㸧ࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼࡚ᐃࡍࡿ࡜ࠊǅ ࣃ࣮࣡ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ

ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊǂ ࣃ࣮࣡ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ 37ࠋ࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ MAP ࡢస⏝㒊఩ࡣᙜヱ᣺ືయࡑࡢࡶࡢ
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᣺ືయࢆ⤖ྜࡍࡿྠㄪᶵᵓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

㸦㸱㸧MAP ㄏᑟᛶ᣺ືయ㸦MAO㸧
ࡍ࡛࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊMAP ㄏᑟᛶ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊ

ࡇࡢⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊMenaker ࡽ 39 ࡀ࿨ྡࡋࡓ MSCO
㸦Methamphetamine Sensitive Oscillator㸧࡜ࡣぢάືᮇࠊఇᜥᮇࡀ༢┦ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒࠿ࡽ⬺ྠゎࡀⱝᖸ␗࡞ࡾࠊMAO㸦Methamphetamineㄪࡋࠊࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇࡣ 24 ᫬㛫ࡼࡾ࠿࡞ࡾ㛗ࡃᴫ 48 ᫬

Induced Oscillator㸧࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡓᡤ௨࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ

㛫ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ♧ࡍሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓගࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡼࡾࡶ㠀MAO ࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢᮎᲈ᫬ィ⩌ࡢ⤖ྜ≧ែࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜

ගࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ྠㄪࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊࣄࢺ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒࡟≉࡟ࡼࡾᡂ❧ࡋࡓ㞟ྜ᣺ືయ㸦population oscillator㸧᭷࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿㅖᛶ㉁ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᛶ㉁ࡣࠊ↓ฎ⨨

࡛࠶ࡿࠋMAP ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᡂ❧࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ື≀࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊMAP ㄏᑟᛶ⾜ど஺ཫୖ᰾ᴫ᪥᣺ືయࡢᨭ㓄ୗ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࣄࢺ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ

ࡣࠊࡑࡢᨭ㓄࠿ࡽᢤࡅฟࡿࠋࡇࢀࡶࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾᣺

࡛ࡣ MAP ㄏᑟᛶࣜࢬ࣒ࡢⓎ᣺ཎࡣ࡝ࡇ࡛ࠊ᣺ື࣓

ືయ࡜ᮎᲈ᣺ືయ⩌ࡢ⤖ྜࡀᙅࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊูࡢ

࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣ࠸࠿࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡲࡎⓎ᣺ཎ࡛࠶⾲⌧ࢆࡍࢀࡤࠊᮎᲈ᣺ືయࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ┦ࡿࡀࠊMAP ࡢస⏝㒊఩ࡀࢻࣃ࣑ࣥ⚄⤒࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿

ᑐⓗ࡟᣺ືຊࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾᣺ື

ࡽࠊ㯮㉁࣭እഃ⿕⵹㔝ࠊ⥺᮲య㸦ῐ⵬⌫ࠊᑿ≧᰾㸧ࠊ኱యࡢ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ᨭ㓄࠿ࡽ⬺ࡋࡓ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟

⬻⓶㉁ࠊ⮯⌔࡞࡝ࡢ⬻ෆࢻࣃ࣑ࣥ⣔ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ

ࡏࡼࠊࡇࢀࡣど஺ཫୖ᰾ᴫ᪥᣺ືయ࠿ࡽࡢ⬺ྠㄪ࡛ࢀࡽࡢ㒊఩࡟ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᮎᲈ᫬ィࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊど஺ཫୖ࠶ࡾࠊ┦ᑐⓗᙉㄪࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊMAO ࡣ࡯ࡰ⊂⮬᰾࠿ࡽࡣ⊂❧ࡋ࡚ᴫ᪥᣺ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢෆࠊ

ࡢ࿘ᮇࢆ้ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋᅗ㸴࡟ MAO ᡂ❧ࡢࣔࢹࣝᅗ

MAP ࡢ៏ᛶᢞ୚࡛ࣜࢬ࣒఩┦ࡀኚࢃࡿ⬻㒊఩࡜ኚࢃࢆ♧ࡍ 36ࠋࡽ࡞࠸⬻㒊఩ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊኚࢃࡿ⬻㒊఩ࡀ MAO ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ 38ࠋ

MAO ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿど஺ཫୖ᰾௨እࡢ⬻ෆᮎᲈ᫬ィࡢ඲ㇺࡣࡲࡔ࠶ࡁࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣄࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊMAO ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜⬻࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᣺

኱⬻⓶㉁ࡢ㐍໬࡜」㞧࡞♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡾࠊぬ㓰ࣞືయࡀ MAP ࡟ࡼࡾኚ໬㸦౛ࠊ᣺ືຊࡢቑ኱㸧ࡋࡓ࣋ࣝࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿぬࡏ࠸๣࡜ྠࡌຠᯝࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ╧╀ぬࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ MAP ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᪂ࡓ࡟ㄏᑟ㸦ᙧᡂ㸧㓰ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ┤᥋㥑ືࡍࡿ᣺ືయࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡓ࡜௬ᐃࡍ

ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋⴭ⪅ࡽࡣࠊMAO

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝Ⲩ၈↓✍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ᫬ィ㑇᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ

Vol. 26, No. 1 (2020)7ఏᏊࢆࣀࢵࢡ࢔࢘ࢺࡋࡓື≀࡟ࡶ MAO ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒㸦㸯㸧2 ┦ᛶࡢ╧╀

ࡣⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ 40ࠊࡑࡢ᣺ືᶵᵓࡣᴫ᪥᣺ື࡜ࡣ

ࣄࢺࡢ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒ࡶᏘ⠇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࠊ᣺ື࿘

␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊCryDKO ࣐࢘ࢫ࡛ࡶฟ

ᮇࡸ╧╀ࡢ㛗ࡉࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ⌧㇟࡟ EࠊM ᣺ືయ⏕ࡢึᮇ࡟ࡣᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ 41ࠊ㛗ᮇ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ 2 ᣺ືయࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ

㛫ࡢ㐃⥆↷᫂ᭀ㟢࡛ᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣᡂ⋇࡛ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ

⤖ㄽࡀฟ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋT. Wehr 44 ࡣࠊ▷᪥㸦LD 6:18㸧

ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ 42ࠊᴫ᪥᣺ືࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸

ࢆᶍೌࡋࡓ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝୗ࡛⾑୰࣓ࣛࢺࢽࣥࣜࢬ࣒

࡚ࡶࡉࡽ࡟᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡀ 2 ┦ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ࡜ሗ࿌ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣዪᛶ⿕㦂⪅࡟ࡢࡳㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ⏨ᛶ⿕㦂⪅࡛ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ

6.

ࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡢ 2 ᣺ືయࣔࢹࣝ

㝸㞳ᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ 2 ┦ᛶ࡟࡞ࡿ▷࿘ᮇࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊࣄࢺయෆ᫬ィࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ᣺ືయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ

⬺ྠㄪࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࢝࢜ࢫᐇ㦂࡛ࡶගྠㄪࡍࡿど஺ཫୖ᰾ᴫ᪥᣺ືయ࡜㠀ගྠㄪ࡟㛵ࢃ╧╀ࡣ 2 ┦ᛶࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡀ 2 ᣺ືయࡢᏑᅾࢆ཯ࡿ⾜ື㸦╧╀ぬ㓰㸧ࣜࢬ࣒᣺ືయࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ㸰᣺ືయᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

௬ㄝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊື≀ࡢయෆ᫬ィ࡟ࣄࢺࡀ༢┦ᛶࡢ╧╀ࢆྲྀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀ

ࡣࠊPittendrigh ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦၐࡉࢀࡓࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࡢ Eࠊ࡯࡝᫇ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡽࡋ࠸ࠋR. Ekirch 45 ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ

M2 ᣺ືయ௬ㄝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ௬ㄝࡣࠊ⾜ືᖏࡀ 2 ࡘࡢேᕤ↷᫂ࡀ୍⯡♫఍࡟ᬑཬࡍࡿ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨௨๓ࡣࠊ᪥ࡀ

㒊ศ࡟ศ㞳ࡍࡿࢫࣉࣜࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ⌧㇟ࡀᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡗ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿ෤Ꮨ࡟ 2 ᗘᐷࡀᬑ㏻࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡽࡋ࠸ࠋேࡣ᪥

࡚ᡂ❧ࡋࡓ 43ࠋἐᚋ㸦༗ᚋ 6 ᫬㐣ࡂ㸧ᗋ࡟ධࡾ╧╀ࢆྲྀࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ➨ᅗ㸵 ど஺ཫୖ᰾ෆࡢ E,M ᣺ືయࡢᒁᅾ
ୖẁᕥࡣࠊ㛗᪥᮲௳㸦LD18:6㸧࡟ᭀ㟢ࡋࡓ࣐࢘ࢫࡢᇵ㣴ど஺ཫୖ᰾࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㒊఩ู᫬ィ㑇ఏᏊ㸦Per1㸧 Ⓨ⌧ࣜࢬ࣒ࠋ㒊఩࡟ࡼࡾࣜࢬ࣒఩┦ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࠋୖẁྑᅗࡣࠊど஺ཫୖ᰾Ỉᖹ᩿㠃ᅗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ␗࡞ࡿᴫ᪥᣺ືࡢᒁᅾࠋA: E ᣺ືయ࡟ヱᙜࠊB㸸M
᣺ືయ࡟ヱᙜࠊC:᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟┤᥋཯ᛂࡍࡿ㒊఩㸦࣐ࢫ࢟ࣥࢢ㸽㸧ࠊD:ගධຊ㒊఩ࠋୗẁࡣど஺ཫୖ᰾Ỉᖹ᩿㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫬ィ㑇ఏᏊࠊAVPࠊVIPࠊGRPࠊRHT ࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࣮㸦CT-B: cholera toxin subunit B㸧ࡢⓎ⌧㒊఩ࠋᩥ⊩ 52 ࡼࡾᘬ⏝ࠋ

᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ
8

Vol. 26, No. 1 (2020)1 ╧╀㸦first sleep㸧࡜ゝࡗࡓࠋ4㹼6 ᫬㛫ᚋࡢ┿ኪ୰㸦㸰㸧⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢග࿘ᮇኚື

࡟୍ᗘ㉳ᗋࡋࠊ㍍࠸㣧㣗࡞࡝࡛ 1㹼2 ᫬㛫࡯࡝㐣ࡈࡍࠋ⮬↛⏺࡛ࡣࠊື≀ࡢάືᮇࡀᏘ⠇࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃኚ

ࡑࡢᚋࡲࡓᗋ࡟ධࡾࠊ➨ 2 ╧╀㸦second sleep㸧࠶ࡿ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ✀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ≉ᐃࡢ࠸ࡣᮅᐷ㸦morning sleep㸧ࢆྲྀࡗࡓࠋኪ᫂ࡅ࡜క࡟

Ꮨ⠇࡟άືᡂศࡀ㸰ࡘ࡟ศ㞳ࡍࡿࢡࣞࣃࢫ࣮࢟ࣗࣛ

㉳ᗋࡋࠊ୍᪥ࡢάືࡀጞࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿ 47ࠋ➨ 2 㒊࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡀࠊࣄࢺ࡛ࡶ♫఍ⓗࡣኪ⾜ᛶࡆࡗṑ㢮࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿ 2 ┦ᛶࡢ⾜ືࠊᬯᮇࡢึ

ྠㄪᅉᏊࢆ㝖࠸ࡓ᮲௳࡛ࡶάືᮇࡣኟ࡛㛗ࡃ෤࡛▷ࡵ࡜⤊஢᫬ࡢάືࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࢆᛮ࠸㉳ࡉࡏࡿ 46ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ

࠸ࠋࡲࡓࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥ࿘ᮇࡀኟ࡛㛗ࡃࠊෆⓗ⬺ྠㄪࡢ㢖ࣄࢺࡢ╧╀ࡸぬ㓰ࡀ༢┦ᛶ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊேᕤ↷࡛᫂ᗘࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ኪࡢάືࡀಖドࡉࢀᑵᗋࡀ㐜ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡸࠊ♫఍ࡸ

C. Pittendrigh48 ࡣࠊࡆࡗṑ㢮ࡢάືᮇࡢග࿘ᮇኚ

ປാࡢ」㞧໬࡟ࡼࡾ᪥୰ࡢぬ㓰ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓࡇ

ື࡟ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢ᣺ືయࡀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢ௬ㄝࢆᥦၐ

࡜࡜㛵ಀࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡛ࡣࠊάືᮇ㸦ぬ㓰㸧ࡸࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊάືᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿ఩┦ࢆ㥑ືࡍࡿ Eఇᜥᮇ㸦╧╀㸧ࡢ㛗ࡉࡀ᪥㛗ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ኚ໬ࡍࡿ

㸦evening㸧᣺ືయ࡜ M㸦morning㸧᣺ືయ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣఱ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

ࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ᣺ືయࡣ᣺ືඹᙺࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୍ᐃࡢ఩┦㛵ᅗ㸶 ෌ྠㄪ᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊE,M ᣺ືయࡢືែ
ᕥୖᅗࡣࠊ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ㸦LD 12:12㸧ࢆ 8 ᫬㛫఩┦๓㐍ࡉࡏࠊ㸱ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝᚋᜏᖖᬯ࡛ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࡉࡏࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ࣐࢘ࢫ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࠋ
఩┦๓㐍ࡢ┤ᚋࠊ⾜ື⤊஢఩┦㸦M ᣺ືయ㸧ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ๓㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⾜ື㛤ጞ఩┦ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚ໬ࡏࡎࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ⾜ືᮇࡢᅽ⦰㸦Ș compression㸧ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋ㐃⥆ᬯ࡛άື⤊஢఩┦ࡀᚋ㏥ࡋ࡚ᅽ⦰ࡀゎ㝖ࡉࢀࠊᐃᖖ≧ែ࡟㐩ࡋࡓᚋࠊ2 ࡘࡢ఩┦ࡣྠࡌ࿘ᮇ࡛ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࡋࡓࠋᕥୗᅗࡣࠊ఩┦ࢩࣇࢺ๓㸦B㸧ࠊࢩࣇࢺᚋ㐃⥆ᬯ࡟⛣ࡋࡓ 1 ᪥┠㸦DD1㸧ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᐃᖖ≧ែ࡛ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥ㸦FR)
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜ືࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ఩┦ࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸦n = 9㸧ࠋྑᅗࡣࠊᕥᅗࡢゎ㔘ࠋE,M ᣺ືయࡢග఩┦཯ᛂࡢ㐪࠸࡜┦஫⤖ྜ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏳᐃྠㄪ㸦ୖ㸧ࠊ෌ྠㄪ᫬ࡢ⾜ືᅽ⦰㸦୰㸧ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢᅽ⦰ゎ㝖㸦ୗ㸧ࢆ♧ࡍࠋୖྥࡁ࠾ࡼࡧୗྥࡁࡢ༙෇ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ఩┦཯ᛂ᭤⥺ࡢ఩┦๓㐍㒊࡜ᚋ㏥㒊ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㯮ᶓࣂ࣮ࡣ E,M ᣺ືయࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡿ⾜ືࣂ࢘ࢺ⩌ࠋᩥ⊩ 53 ࡼࡾᘬ⏝ࠋ᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ

Vol. 26, No. 1 (2020)9ಀࢆಖࡕ࡞ࡀࡽ᣺ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐࢘ࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ▷᪥᮲௳ࡋࡓ᫂ᮇࡣ఩┦ᚋ㏥㒊ศ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧࡜ M ᣺ືయ

㸦LD 6:18㸧࡛άືᮇࡣ㛗ࡃࠊ㛗᪥᮲௳㸦LD 18㸸6㸧࡜ࡢ᣺ືඹᙺ࡟ࡼࡿ఩┦๓㐍཯ᛂࡢ࿴࡜࡞ࡾࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜࡛ࡣ▷࠸ 49ࠋࡇࢀࡀ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡢ࣐ࢫ࢟ࣥࢢຠᯝ࡛

ࡋ࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝఩┦ኚ఩ࡋ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋDD ࡟⛣ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᜏᖖᬯ࡛ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࡉࡏࡿ࡜ࠊ

⾜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊM ᣺ືయࡢ఩┦ࢆ๓㐍ࡉࡏࡿගࡀᾘኻࡋ

άືᮇࡢ㛗ࡉࡀᚎࠎ࡟ኚ໬ࡋࠊᏳᐃࡋࡓᐃᖖ≧ែ࡟࡞

ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ24 ᫬㛫ࡼࡾ㛗࠸ᅛ᭷࿘ᮇ࡜ ǂ compressionࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ୍㐃ࡢ◊✲࠿ࡽࠊE㸪ࡢ཯ືຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚఩┦ᚋ㏥ࡋࠊάືᮇࡣ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸦ǂ

M ᣺ືయࡢᅛ᭷࿘ᮇࡣ␗࡞ࡾ

43ࠊග࡟ᑐࡍࡿ఩┦཯

decompression㸧ࠋάື㛤ጞ఩┦ࡣග࡟ᑐࡍࡿ఩┦ᚋᛂࡶ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ 50ࠊ᣺ືඹᙺࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

㏥཯ᛂࡀᾘኻࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊᅛ᭷࿘ᮇ㸦㸺 24 h㸧࡛఩┦᣺ືయࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣜࢬ࣒࿘ᮇࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

๓㐍ࡍࡿࠋ᣺ືయࡢ఩┦㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟㐩ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 51 ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊග࿘ᮇ࡛ኚ໬ࡍࡿάືᮇ

2 ࡘࡢ᣺ືయࡣྠㄪࡋ࡚ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢࡢ㛗ࡉ࡜ど஺ཫୖ᰾ෆࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ

ኚ໬ࢆᅗ㸶࡟♧ࡍࠋ㢮ఝࡋࡓ⌧㇟ࡣࣁ࣒ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᯇᯝ

㡬್఩┦ᕪ࡟┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊEࠊM ᣺ືయࡣどయ NAT ࣜࢬ࣒࡛ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 54ࠋࣄࢺయෆ᫬ィ஺ཫୖ᰾࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ 49ࠋࡲࡓⴭࡢ෌ྠㄪ࡟ࡶྠࡌ⌧㇟ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࠊ⯆࿡⪅ࡽ 52 ࡣࠊM ᣺ືయࡣど஺ཫୖ᰾ࡢᑿ㒊࡟ࠊE ᣺ື࠶ࡿㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

యࡣ࿀㒊࠿ࡽ୰ኸ㒊࡟࠿ࡅ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸵㸧ࠋ⤖ㄒ
1984 ᖺ࡟ࠊS. Daan ࡜ A. Borbèly ࡟ࡼࡾᥦၐࡉࢀ

㸦㸱㸧᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡬ࡢ෌ྠㄪ

ࡓࣄࢺ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㸰ࣉࣟࢭࢫࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊ⨾ࡋ࠸᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢆேⅭⓗ࡟ኚ఩ࡉࡏࡓᚋࡢ⾜ືࣜࢬ௬ㄝ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓᙜึ࠿ࡽ␲ၥࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ

࣒ࡢ෌ྠㄪࢆࡳࡿᐇ㦂⣔ࡣࠊ᫬ᕪ㣕⾜ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚

ࡢ௬ㄝࡣࠊࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ Borbèly ࡀ᩿╀ᚋࡢ╧╀ࡢ㛗ࡉࡢࡼࡃ฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࣜࢬ࣒෌ྠㄪ࡟ࡶࠊE㸪M ᣺ືᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒౫Ꮡᛶࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⪃᱌ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ

యࡀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ 53ࠋLD12㸸12 ࡟ྠ࡛ࠊDaan ࡀࡑࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡋࠊ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢෆⓗ⬺ㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ᫂ᬯࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢆࠊL ࢆ▷⦰ࡍࡿ᪉ྠㄪࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊS ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡸ╧╀࣭

ἲ࡛ 8 ᫬㛫 LD ࡢ఩┦ࢆ๓㐍ࡉࡏࠊ㸲᪥ᚋ࡟ DD ࡟ぬ㓰㜈್ࡣᮍࡔࡑࡢᏑᅾࡣド᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡓ╧⛣ࡍᐇ㦂࡛ࠊάື㛤ጞ఩┦㸦E ᣺ືయ㸧࡜άື⤊஢఩╀ࡢ㛗ࡉࡢᴫ᪥ࣜࢬ࣒౫Ꮡᛶࡣࡇࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࡞ࡃ࡚

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࢖ࢡ࡛ࣝάືᮇࡢ▷⦰㸦ǂ FRPSUHVVLRQ㸧ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ⪅ࡽࡣࠊ࣓ࢱࣥࣇ࢙ࢱ࣑ࣥ៏ᛶᢞ୚ࣛࢵࢺࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡀ

ࡑࡢᚋࡢ DD ࡛ࠊάື⤊஢఩┦ࡣᚎࠎ࡟఩┦ᚋ㏥ࡋࠊ

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࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢ᣺ືࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ

఩┦๓㐍ࢆጞࡵࠊάືᮇࡀ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢ㛗ࡉ࡟㐩ࡋࡓ࠶ど஺ཫୖ᰾ᴫ᪥᣺ືయ࠿ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓ╧╀ぬ㓰ࣜࢬ࣒࡜ࠊάື⤊஢఩┦࡜㛤ጞ఩┦ࡣྠㄪࡋ࡚ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࡍ

᣺ືయࢆᥦၐࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࣛࢵࢺࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ MAO ࡜ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ఩┦ᚋ㏥࡛ࡣάືᮇࡢ㛗ࡉࡢኚ໬ࡣࢃࡎ࠿

ྠ୍㉳※࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡋ࠿ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣࠊග࡟ᑐࡍࡿ఩┦཯ᛂࡀάື㛤ጞ఩┦
㸦E ᣺ືయ㸧࡜άື⤊஢఩┦㸦M ᣺ືయ㸧࡜࡛ࡣ␗࡞

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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