The 85th General Meeting of
The English Literary Society of Japan
Tohoku University 26 May 2013

日本英文学会第 85 回全国大会
2013 年 5 月 26 日（日）於・東北大学川内キャンパス

騎士ランスロットの祈りにみる貴さ
Malory の創造的「改変」と「別れの場面」以降
Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer:
Malory’s Creative ‘Adaptation’ of the Parting Scene and After
関東学院大学大学院	
  篠原結城Yuki SHINOHARA, Kanto Gakuin University
shinoem@ybb.ne.jp.

1 E. D. Kennedy’s argument about parting scenes in Malory’s Morte Darthur, the stanzaic Le
Morte Arthur and the French La Mort Le Roi Artu (Palatinus Latinus 1967)
Since Malory followed the scene [the parting scene] in the stanzaic Morte closely, what Frappierwrote about the probable independence of Molory’s version from the French would apply as wellto the scene in the stanzaic Morte. [. . .](Edward Donald Kennedy, ‘The Stanzaic Morte Arthur: The Adaptation of a French Romancefor an English Audience’, in Culture and the King: The Social Implications of the Arthurian
Legend: Essays in Honor of Valerie M. Lagorio, ed. by Martin B. Shichtman and James P.
Carley (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), pp. 91-112 (p. 103), and allemphases (except italics) added, hereafter)
2

Parting scene from the stanzaic Morte“Now, swete madame, that wold I not doo.
To have all the world unto my mede,
So untrew fynd ye me nevyr mo;
It for to do, (1) Cryste me forbade.

(3) I were wele worthy to be brent.
(3) Brent to bene, worthy I were,
Yiff I wold take non suche a lyffe,
To byde in penance as ye do here,
And suffre for God sorow and stryffe.
As we in lykynge lyffed in fere,
By Mary moder, made, and wyffe,
Tyll God us departe with dethes dere,(4) To penance I yeld me here as blithe.

(1) Forbede it, God that evyr I shold
Agaynste yow worche so grete unryght.
Syne we togedyr upon thys mold
Have led owre lyffe by day and nyght,
Unto God I yiffe a heste to holde
The same desteny that yow is dyghte.
I will resseyve in som house bolde,(2) To plese hereafter God allmyght.

All blyve (4) to penance I wyll me take,
As I may fynde any ermyte
That wyll me resseyve for Goddys sake,
Me to clothe with whyte and blake.”
The sorow that the tone to the tother gan
makeMyght none erthely man se hytte.
“Madame,” than sayd Launcelot de Lake,“Kysse me, and I shall wende as tyte.”(2) To please God all that I maye,
I shall hereafter do myne entente,
And evyr for yow specyally pray
While God wyll me lyffe lente.”“A, wylte thow so,” the quene gan say,
“Fullfyll thys forward that thou has ment?”
Lancelot sayd, “Yiff I sayd nay,1

Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer(5) “Nay,” sayd the quene, “that wyll I not.
Launcelot, thynke on that no more;
To absteyne us we muste have thought
For suche we have delyted in ore.
Lett us thynk on Hym that us hathe bought,
And we shall please God therfore;
Thynke on thys world how there is noght
But warre and stryffe and batayle sore.”

The sorow that there bygan to bene.
Wryngyng ther handis and lowde they yelle
As they nevyr more shuld blynne,
And sythe in swoune bothe downe theyfelle;
Who saw that sorow evyr myght it mene.
(3678-729. Edition is from; Le Morte
Arthur: A Critical Edition, ed. by P. F.
Hissiger, Studies in English Literature,
XCVI (The Hague: Mouton, 1975),
mentioned as Stanzaic Morte hereafter)(6) What helpeth lenger for to spelle;With that they gan departe in twene.
But none erthely man coude telle3

Parting scene from Malory’s Morte‘Now, my swete madame,’ seyde sir Launcelot, (1) ‘wolde ye that I shuld turne agayne unto
my contrey and there to wedde a lady? Nay, madame, wyte you well that shall I never do, for (2)I shall never be so false unto you of that I have promised. But the ⌐same¬ desteny that ye havetakyn you to, I woll take me to, for ⌐to please¬ Jesu, and ever for you I caste me specially topray.’‘A, sir Launcelot, if ye woll do so and holde thy promyse! But I may never beleve you,’seyde the quene, ‘but that ye woll turne to the worlde agayne.’‘Well, madame,’ seyde he, ‘ye say as hit pleasith you, f<o>r yet wyste ye me (3) never falseof my promise. And God deffende but that I shulde forsake the worlde as ye have done! (4) For
in the queste of the Sankgreall I had that tyme forsakyn the vanytees of the worlde, had nat youre
love bene. And if I had done so at that tyme with my harte, wylle, and thought, I had passed all
the knyghtes that ever were in the Sankgreall except sir [Galahad, my sone. And therfore, lady,(5) sythen ye have taken you to perfeccion, I must nedys take me to perfection, of right. For I
take recorde of God, in you I have had myn erthly joye, and (6) yf I had founden you now so
dysposed, I had caste me to have had you into myn owne royame. (7) But sythen I fynde you
thus desposed, I ensure you faythfully, I wyl ever take me to penaunce and praye whyle my lyf
lasteth, yf that I may fynde ony heremyte, other graye or whyte, that wyl receyve me. Wherfore,
madame, I praye you kysse me, and never no more.’‘Nay,’ sayd the quene, ‘that shal I never do, but absteyne you from suche werkes.’
And they departed; [. . .](1252.30-53.29. Malory’s version is from; The Works of Sir Thomas Malory, ed. by Eugène
Vinaver, 3rd edn., rev. by P. J. C. Field, 3 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), hereafter as
Works)
4

Argument by E. D. Kennedy

While it [the parting scene] increases the lovers’ [Lancelot and Guinevere’s] tragic stature andthe audience’s sympathy for them, it also helps remove from Arthur some of the responsibility
for the tragedy that results in the French Mort. (Kennedy, ‘The Stanzaic Morte’, p. 104)2

Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer

5‘Thanke God’ and Lancelot’s confession, from Malory’s Tale of the Sankgreall‘Sir,’ seyde the ermyte, ‘ye ought to thanke God more than ony knyght lyvynge, for He hathcaused you to have more worldly worship than ony knyght that ys now lyvynge. And for youre
presumpcion to take uppon you in dedely synne for to be in Hys presence, [. . .] And there is noknyght now lyvynge that ought to yelde God so grete thanke os ye, for He hath yevyn you
beauté, bownté, semelynes, and grete strengthe over all other knyghtes. And therefore ye ar the
more beholdyn unto God than ony other man to love Hym and drede Hym, for youre strengthe
and your manhode woll litill avayle you and God be agaynste you.’[. . .]‘Truly,’ seyde sir Launcelot, ‘that were me full lothe to discover, for thys fourtene yere I neverdiscoverde one thynge that I have used, and that may I now wyghte my shame and mydisadventure.’
And than he tolde there the good man all hys lyff, and how he had loved a quene
unmesurabely and oute of mesure longe.
(1) ‘And all my grete dedis of armys that I have done for the moste party was for the quenys
sake, and for hir sake wolde I do batayle were hit ryght other wronge. And never dud I batayle
all only [for] Goddis sake, but for to wynne worship and to cause me the bettir to be beloved, andlitill or nought I thanked never God of hit.’ Than sir Launcelot seyde, ‘Sir, I pray you
counceyle me.’[. . .]‘Sir, (2) loke that your harte and youre mowth accorde,’ seyde the good man, ‘and I shallensure you ye shall have the more worship than ever ye had.’ (Works, 896.29-97.31)
6‘Pryde’ of Lancelot, from the Sankgreall[. . .] Thou sholde know go[o]d frome vayneglory of the worlde; [. . .] And for grete pryde thoumadist grete sorow [. . .] And that made the avision to say to the that thou were of evyll faythe
and of poore bylyeve. [. . .]‘Now have I warned the of thy vayneglory and of thy pryde, that thou haste many tyme arredayenste thy Maker. Beware of everlastynge payne, for of all erthly knyghtes I have moste pité ofthe, for I know well thou haste nat thy pere of ony erthly synfull man.’ (Works, 934. 10-23)
7

Religious instability of Lancelot, from the Sankgreall

And ne were that he ys nat stable, but by hys thoughte he ys lyckly to turne agayne, he sholde
be nexte to enchev [e] hit sauff sir Galahad, hys sonne; but God knowith hys thought and hys
unstablenesse. And yett shall he dye ryght an holy man, and no doute he hath no felow of none
erthly synfull man lyvyng.’ (Works, 948. 20-29)
8Lancelot after the Sankgreall

Than, as the booke seyth, sir Launcelot began to resorte unto quene Gwenivere agayne andforgate the promyse and the perfeccion that he made in the queste; for, as the booke seyth, had
not sir Launcelot bene in his prevy thoughtes and in hys myndis so sette inwardly to the quene as
he was in semynge outewarde to God, there had no knyght passed hym in the queste of the
Sankgreall. But ever his thoughtis prevyly were on the quene, and so they loved togydirs morehotter than they dud toforehonde, and had many such prevy draughtis togydir that many in the
courte spake of hit, [. . .] (Works, 1045. 10-20)
3Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer

9

Revelation

And thus upon a nyght there came a vysyon to syr Launcelot and charged hym, in remyssyon of
his synnes, to haste hym unto Almysbury: ‘And by thenne thou come there, thou shalt fynde
quene Guenever dede. And therfore, take thy felowes with the, and purvey them of an horsbere,
and fetche thou the cors of hir, and burye hir by her husbond, the noble kyng Arthur.’ (Works,1255. 14-20)
10

Queen’s burial scene

And whan she was put in th’ erth syr Launcelot swouned, and laye longe stylle, whyle thehermyte came and awaked hym, and sayd,‘Ye be to blame, for ye dysplese God with suche maner of sorow-makyng.’‘Truly,’ sayd syr Launcelot, ‘I trust I do not dysplese God, for He knoweth myn entente: for(1) my sorow was not, nor is not, for ony rejoysyng of synne, but my sorow may never haveende. For whan I remembre of hir beaulté and of hir noblesse, that was bothe wyth hyr kyng andwyth hyr, so whan I sawe his corps and hir corps so lye togyders, truly myn herte wold not serve
to susteyne my careful body. Also whan I sawe remembre me how by my defaute and myn
orgule and my pryde that they were bothe layed ful lowe, that were pereles that ever was lyvyngof Cristen people, wyt you wel,’ sayd syr Launcelot, ‘this remembred, of their kyndenes and myn
unkyndenes, sanke so to myn herte that I myght not susteyne myself.’ (2) So the Frensshe bookmaketh mencyon.
Thenne syr Launcelot never after ete but lytel mete, nor dranke, tyl he was dede, for than heseekened more and more and dryed and dwyned awaye. For the Bysshop nor none of his felowes
myght not make hym to ete and lytel he dranke, that he was waxen by a kybbet shorter than hewas, that the peple coude not knowe hym. (3) For evermore, day and nyght, he prayed, b<u>tsomtyme he slombred a broken slepe. Ever he was lyeng grovelyng on the tombe of kyng Arthurand quene Guenever, and there was no comforte that the Bysshop, nor syr Bors, nor none of his
felowes coude make hym, it avaylled not. (Works, 1256.21-57.11)
11 C. D. Benson’s argument‘Just as death transforms the demands of honour, so also it allows king and queen a physicalcloseness they seem not to have achieved in life.’(C. David Benson, ‘The Ending of the Morte Darthur’, in A Companion to Malory, ed. by
Elizabeth Archibald and A. S. G. Edwards, Arthurian Studies, XXXVII (Cambridge: D. S.
Brewer, 1996), pp. 221-38 (p. 237))
12‘Humilité and paciens’ of the Round Table, from the Sankgreall‘Sir,’ seyde [the ermyte unto] sir Gawayne, ‘the fayre medow: <by> the rak therein ought tobe undirstonde the Rounde Table, and by the medow oughte to be undirstonde humilité andpaciens; tho be the thynges which bene allwey grene and quyk. For that men mowe no tyme
overcom humilité and pacience, therefore was the Rounde Table founden, and the shevalry hathben at all tymes so hyghe by the fraternité which was there that she myght nat be overcom: formen seyde she was founded in paciens and in humilité. At the rack ete an hondred and fyffty
bullys, but they ete nat in the medowe, for if they had, their hartes sholde have bene sette inhumilité and paciens; and the bullis were proude and blacke sauff only three.’ (Works, 946.
4-16)
4

Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer

13

Interpretation by R. L. Radulescu	 [. . .] Lancelot’s journey both during the quest [Sankgreall] and in the episode of the ‘Healing’
displays a range of features which reveal, only in Malory’s version, a mission quite unlike anyother knight’s, to heal the wound/sin of pride.
(Raluca L. Radulescu, ‘Malory’s Lancelot and the Key to Salvation’, in Arthurian Literature
XXV, ed. by Elizabeth Archibald and David F. Johnson (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2008), pp.
93-118 (p.117))
14-a Departing of Lancelot, from the French Mort Artu
«J’estoie, fet il, en si grant joie et en si grant compaignie d’angres qu’onques ne vi autant de genten leu ou ge fusse, et enportoient lasus el ciel l’ame de nostre frere Lancelot. Ore alons veoir s’il
est deviez. --- Alon», fet Bleobleeris. Il viennent meintenant la ou Lancelos estoit et trouverent
que l’ame s’en estoit alee. «Ha! Diex, fet il arcevesques, beneoiz soiez vos! Or sei ge veraiement
que de l’ame de cestui fesoient ore li angre feste si grant com ge vi; or sei ge bien que penitancevaut seur toutes choses; jamés de penitance ne me departirai tant com ge vive.
(La Mort Le Roi Artu: Roman du XIIIe Siècle, ed. by Jean Frappier, Troisième edn., Textes	 Littéraires Français (Genève: Droz, 1996), pp. 261. 26 – 62. -38)(“I had such great joy and was in the company of so many angels that never have I seen so many
people in one place, and they were taking the soul of our brother Lancelot up into heaven. Let’sgo then and see if he has really died.”“Yes, let’s go,” said Blioberis. They came to the place where Lancelot was and found that
his soul had departed. “Oh, God!” said the archbishop. “Blessed are You. Now I know truly thatthe angels whom I saw rejoice so were celebrating for the soul of this man. Now I know well thatpenitence is more important than anything else, and never will I give it up as long as I live.
(Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation, ed. by
Norris J. Lacy, Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, 5 vols (New York: Garland
Publishing, 1993-96), IV, 159)
14-b

From the stanzaic Morte

Allas, why nyghed ye me nye
To awake me in word or stevyn.
Here was Launcelot, bryght of blee,
With angellis thrytte thousand and sevyn;
Hym they bare upon hye,
Agaynste hym openyd the gatys of hevyn.
Suche a syght ryght now I see,Is none in erthe that myght it nevyn.”“Syr,” thay sayd, “for crosse on rode,
Dothe suche wordys clene away.
Syr Lancelot eylythe nothynge but gode,
He shall be hole by pryme of day.”
Candell they lyght and to hym yodeAnd fownde hym dede, for sothe to saye,
Rede and fayer of flesshe and blode,
Ryght as he in slepynge laye.
(Stanzaic Morte, 3874-89)

5

Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer

15

Smile and saintliness of Lancelot, from Malory’s Morte‘A, Jesu mercy!’ sayd the Bysshop, ‘why dyd ye awake me?
I was never in al my lyf so mery and so wel at ease.’‘Wherfore?’ sayd syr Bors.
‘Truly,’ sayd the Bysshop, ‘here was syr Launcelot with me, with mo angellis than ever I sawe
men in one day. And I sawe the angellys heve up syr Launcelot unto heven, and the yates ofheven opened ayenst hym.’‘It is but dretchyng of swevens,’ sayd syr Bors, ‘for I doubte not syr Launcelot ayleth
nothynge but good.’‘It may wel be,’ sayd the Bysshop. ‘Goo ye to his bedde, and than shall ye preve the soth.’
So whan syr Bors and his felowes came to his bedde they founde hym starke dede; and he laye
as he had smyled, and the swettest savour aboute hym that ever they felte. (Works, 1258. 4-17)
16

Ector’s threnody‘A, Launcelot!’ he sayd, ‘thou were hede of al Crysten knyghtes! And now I dare say,’ sayd
syr Ector, ‘thou sir Launcelot, there thou lyest, that thou were never matched of erthely knyghtes
hande. And thou were the curtest knyght that ever bare shelde! And thou were the truest frendeto thy lovar that ever bestrade hors, and thou were the trewest lover, of a synful man, that everloved woman, and thou were the kyndest man that ever strake wyth swerde. And thou were thegodelyest persone that ever cam emonge prees of knyghtes, and thou was the mekest man andthe jentyllest that ever ete in halle emonge ladyes, and thou were the sternest knyght to thy
mortal foo that ever put spere in the reeste.’ (Works, 1259. 9-21)
17

Malory’s ‘vertuouse love’

Therefore, lyke as May moneth flowryth and floryshyth in every mannes gardyne, so in lyke
wyse lat every man of worshyp florysh hys herte in thys worlde: (1) firste unto God, and nexte
unto the joy of them that he promysed hys feythe unto; for there was never worshypfull man nor
worshypfull woman but (2) they loved one bettir than anothir; and worshyp in armys may never
be foyled. But (3) firste reserve the honoure to God, and secundely thy quarell muste com of thylady. And such love I calle vertuouse love.
But (4) nowadayes men can nat love sevennyght but they muste have all their desires. Thatlove may nat endure by reson, for where they bethe sone accorded and hasty, heete sone keelyth.
And ryght so faryth the love nowadayes, sone hote sone colde. Thys ys no stabylyté. But theolde love was nat so. For men and women coude (5) love togydirs seven yerys, and no lycoures
lustis was betwyxte them, and than was love trouthe and faythefulnes. And so in lyke wyse
was used such love in kynge Arthurs dayes. (Works, 1119.22-20.2-6)

6

Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer

18-a Lancelot becomes the knight of the Queen‘My lorde,’ seyde sir Launcelot, ‘wytte you well y ought of ryght ever [to be] in youre quarell
and in my ladyes the quenys quarell to do batayle, for ye ar the man that gaff me the hygh Orderof Knyghthode, and that day my lady, youre quene, ded me worshyp. And ellis had I bene
shamed, for that same day that ye made me knyght, thorow my hastynes I loste my swerde, andmy lady, youre quene, founde hit, and lapped hit in her trayne, and gave me my swerde whan I
had nede thereto; and ells had I bene shamed amonge all knyghtes. And therefore, my lorde
Arthure, I promysed her at that day ever to be her knyght in ryght othir in wronge.’ (Works, 1058.
21-32)
18-b

The Queen as ‘speciall good lady’ for Lancelot	
 Than he toke the quene in hys armys and kyssed her and seyde,‘Moste nobelest Crysten quene, I besech you, as ye have ben ever my speciall good lady, and I
at all tymes your poure knyght and trew unto my power, and as I never fayled you in ryght nor in
wronge sytthyn the firste day kynge Arthur made me knyght, that ye woll pray for my soule ifthat I be slayne. (Works, 1166. 11-17)
19

Research by E. Archibald

The only two Middle English narratives to deal with the affair in any detail are the Stanzaic
Morte and Malory’s Morte Darthur. [. . .] More importantly, the Stanzaic poet either invented orchose to include the powerful and emotional scene of Lancelot and Guenevere’s last interview(3622-729). [. . .] Their [the Stanzaic poet and Malory’s] real intention is to praise him.
(Elizabeth Archibald, ‘Lancelot as Lover in the English Tradition before Malory’, in Bonnie
Wheeler, Arthurian Studies: in Honour of P. J. C. Field, Arthurian Studies LVII (Cambridge: D.
S. Brewer, 2004), pp. 199-216 (pp. 214-16))
20

Argument by E. D. Kennedy

By Malory’s time, the French prose romances would have been known to fewer than even theminority that could read them in the earlier Middle Ages. [. . .] In the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries it is easy to find references to the inability of even the upper classes to understandFrench. Throughout the fifteenth century, there was ever more emphasis upon English. [. . .] The
literate English population’s familiarity with the Arthurian story would have come primarily
from English metrical romances and various English chronicles.
(Edward Donald Kennedy, ‘Sir Thomas Malory’s (French) Romance and (English) Chronicle’,in Wheeler, pp. 223-34 (p. 226))

7

Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer

21 Interpolation in Wynkyn de Worde’s edition of Malory in and after 1498 (chapter 12, book21)[. . .] Ye also, ye fierce and mighty chivalers, so valiant in adventurous deeds of arms, behold,behold, see how this mighty conqueror Arthur, whom in his human life all the world doubted --ye also, the noble queen Guenever, that sometime sat in her chair adorned with gold, pearls, andprecious stones, now lie full low in obscure foss or pit covered with clods of earth and clay.
Behold also this mighty champion Launcelot, peerless of knighthood, see now how he lieth
groveling on the cold mould, now being so feeble and faint that sometime was so terrible, how
and in what manner ought ye to be so desirous of the mundane honour so dangerous. [. . .](Sir Thomas Malory: The Critical Heritage, ed. by Marylyn Parins (London: Routledge, 1987),
pp. 51-52.)
22

Exile of Lancelot[. . .] fo[r] a fleymed man departith never oute of a realme with no worship. And that ys to me
grete hevynes, for ever I feare aftir my dayes that men shall cronycle uppon me that I was
fleamed oute of thys londe. And ellis, my fayre lordis, be ye sure, and I had nat drad shame, mylady quene Gwenyvere and I shulde never have departed. (Works, 1203. 3-8)
23

The Nobility of Lancelot in his prayer

And whan she was put in th’ erth syr Launcelot swouned, and laye longe stylle, whyle thehermyte came and awaked hym, and sayd,‘Ye be to blame, for ye dysplese God with suche maner of sorow-makyng.’‘Truly,’ sayd syr Launcelot, ‘I trust I do not dysplese God, for He knoweth myn entente: formy sorow was not, nor is not, for ony rejoysyng of synne, but my sorow may never have ende.
For whan I remembre of hir beaulté and of hir noblesse, that was bothe wyth hyr kyng and wythhyr, so whan I sawe his corps and hir corps so lye togyders, truly myn herte wold not serve tosusteyne my careful body. Also whan I sawe remembre me how by my defaute and myn orguleand my pryde that they were bothe layed ful lowe, that were pereles that ever was lyvyng of
Cristen people, wyt you wel,’ sayd syr Launcelot, ‘this remembred, of their kyndenes and myn
unkyndenes, sanke so to myn herte that I myght not susteyne myself.’ So the Frensshe bookmaketh mencyon.
Thenne syr Launcelot never after ete but lytel mete, nor dranke, tyl he was dede, for than heseekened more and more and dryed and dwyned awaye. For the Bysshop nor none of his felowes
myght not make hym to ete and lytel he dranke, that he was waxen by a kybbet shorter than hewas, that the peple coude not knowe hym. For evermore, day and nyght, he prayed, b<u>tsomtyme he slombred a broken slepe. Ever he was lyeng grovelyng on the tombe of kyng Arthurand quene Guenever, and there was no comforte that the Bysshop, nor syr Bors, nor none of his
felowes coude make hym, it avaylled not. (Works, 1256.21-57.11)

8

Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer
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Nobility of Sir Lancelot in his Prayer

Appendix
Palatinus Latinus 1967, La Mort Le Roi Artu, ‘Dernière entrevue de Lancelot et de Guenièvre’:[. . .] «Dame, fait Lancelos, or sachiez que des deus fiz Mordret n’avez vous desoremais garde. Car
amedui (sont) occis; mais or esgardez que vous voudrez faire. Car se vos volez et il vous plest, vous poez
estre dame et reïne de tout le païs. Car vous ne troverez ja home qui le vous contredie.» --- «Ha! ha! biaux
douz amis, J’ai eü tant de biens et tant d’onneurs en cest siegle que onques n’en out nule dame autant ne
jamais n’avra, et vous savez bien que nous avons fait moi et vous tele chose que nous ne deüssiens avoir
faite; si m’est bien avis que nous deüssiens user le remenant de nos vies ou servise Nostre Seigneur. Etbien sachiez que je ne seré jamais au siegle, car je sui ceanz rendue por Dieu servir.» Quant Lancelos
entant ceste parole, si li respont tout en plorant: «Or, dame, puis qu’il vous plet, il m’est mout bel. Etsachiez que je m’en iré en aucun leu ou je trouveré aucun saint home en aucun hermitage qui me recevra
a compeignon, et servirai Dieu le remenant de ma vie.» Et la reïne dit que ele le loe bien; tout einsinctrove Lancelos la reïne en l’abaye ou ele s’estoit rendue, et y demora deus jourz entierz, et au tierz jor
prist Lancelos congié de la reïne tout en plorant; et ele le commanda a Nostre Seigneur qu’il le gart demal et le tiegne en son servise. Et Lancelos li prie que ele li pardoint tous mesfaiz, et ele dist que si fet ele
mout volantiers; si le bese et acole au departir; et il monte seur son cheval et se part de leanz; et la reïne
remest ou servise Nostre Seigneur de si bon cuer qu’il ne li eschapa ne messe ne matine nuit ne jour, ettant se pena de prier pour l’ame le roy Artus et de Lancelot que ele ne vesqui que de un an, puis que
Lancelos s’an fu partiz. Et quant ele fu trespassee, ele fu enterree si hautement comme l’an doit fere a si
haute dame. [. . .](La Mort Le Roi Artu: Roman du XIIIe Siècle, ed. by Jean Frappier, Troisième edn., Textes Littéraires
Français (Genève: Droz, 1996), Appendice, pp. 265.41 - 66.79)( [. . .] “Lady,” said Lancelot, “you can be sure that you no longer need to fear Mordred’s two sons,for they are both dead. But now consider what you ought to do, for if you wish, you can be lady andqueen over the whole land: no man will ever dispute your right.”“Oh, my dear friend, I’ve had more goods and honors in this world than any lady has ever had or everwill have, and you know that you and I have done things we should not have done. So I believe we should
spend the rest of our lives in the service of Our Lord. And you should know that I will never again be apart of the world outside, for I have come here to serve God.”
When Lancelot heard that, he replied, weeping, “Oh, lady, since that is your wish, it pleases me aswell. I will go some place where I will find a hermitage and a holy man who will accept me as his
companion, and I will serve God the rest of my life.” The queen said she advised him to do so.
Thus did Lancelot find the queen in the abbey in which she had taken refuge; and he stayed there two
full days, and on the third day, weeping, he took leave of the queen. She commended him to Our Lord
and asked that He protect him from harm and keep in His service.
Lancelot asked her to pardon him for all his offenses, and she replied that she would do so willingly.
She embraced and kissed him when they separated. He mounted his horse and rode away. And the queen
remained in the service of Our Lord so devoutly, night and day, that she never missed Mass or matins. So
fervently did she pray for the souls of King Arthur and Lancelot that she lived only a year after Lancelot
had left. And after her death, she was given a solemn burial befitting a noble lady. [. . .] )(Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation, ed. by Norris J.
Lacy, Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, 5 vols (New York: Garland Publishing, 1993-96),
IV, 158)

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