WATER SUPPLY OF JAKARTA
Prof.Dr. Djoko M. Hartono
Environmental Engineering Study Program. Civil
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering
University of Indonesia

SMART ENGINEERING TOKYO 2018
UNITED NATION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONINVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGYPROMOTION OFFICE, TOKYO1

Outline
1. Introduction
2. Raw Water Resources
3. Regulation
4. Water Availability Condition
5. SDGs Target
6. Conclusion2

Raw Water Resources● Raw water supply for drinking water in Jakarta mostly come fromsurface water.
● 80 % of it comes from the Citarum River, located in the East of Jakarta.
● 15 % of raw water come from Cisadane River, West Java
● Another 5 % come from smaller rivers flowing from West Java Province
to the Jakarta area such as Ciliwung, Krukut and Pesanggarahan

3Raw Water Resources●The water comes from Citarum
river is used and managed
through several dams,ie. Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam andJatiluhur Dam.

●With total catchment area for
Jatiluhur Dam is 4500

● Those dams are also used for(Jatiluhur Dam)electric power generation, river
flow management, irrigation,
tourism and industrial purposes.

4West Tarum Canal and Main Rivers in Jakarta● The average water capacity of the Citarum River distributed in theJakarta, Bekasi and Karawang that conveys throughWest Tarum Canal.
●The multifunction West Tarum Canal is 70 km long and flows throughseveral industrial and settlement areas

5

WATER
Protecting
Public Health

Poor management of the water resources has contributed
to the suffering on poor society

Increasing
EconomicDevelopment

NATIONAL
ISSUES

6

Raw Water• The growth rate of population andurbanization have highly increased• Jakarta’s development increase the••••needs of clean water to fulfil Jakarta’s
public’s needs (domestic, industry andagriculture)
Water supply was initiated with deep wellinstallations in some areas of Jakarta,
but now also combined from surface
water
Water quality degradation because ofcontamination
Little rain in dry season
Location of raw water comes fromdifferent province

Integrated
Water
Resource
Management

7

Table 1. The utilization of Jatiluhur Dam
Utilities

Capacity(million m³)

Percentage (%)

Water Supply

450

6Industry151

2Others

250,3

Irrigation

6.500

86,7

Not yet use374

58

Turbidity of Buaran River

9

Water Treatment Plants are located in:● Buaran Water Treatment Plan I and II up to 5.3 m³/second● Pulogadung Water Treatment Plant up to 4 m³/second and● Pejompongan Water Treatment Plant I and II up to 5,7 m³/second

10

11

Table 2. Quality of Buaran River (2006-2016)
YearAmonia(mg/l)

Iron(mg/l)

Manganese(mg/l)

2006

0.48

0.13

0.13

2007

0.46

0.12

0.11

2008

0.47

0.18

0.09

2009

0.45

0.18

0.12

2010

0.50

0.15

0.13

2011

0.57

0.15

0.08

2012

0.69

0.15

0.13

2013

0.51

0.13

0.11

2014

0.610.140.13

2015

0.58

0.120.15

2016

0.37

0.11

0.04

Source: PT. Aetra, 2016

12Regulation● The new Government Regulation as well as Local Government Regulation
to protect and maintain water resource management has already been
set up with the purpose of water supply sustainability .
● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 82/2001 (Reference [14]),concerning with government policy on using surface water as raw water
for water supply including protecting as well as maintaining.
● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 122/2015, concerning withWater Supply System, to serve water supply system to the citizen as theirright.
● Ministry of Health Regulation Number 497/2010.

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Extreme Turbidity Condition in 2008
NTUTurbidity 2008

15550

14243

16000
12300

14000

11422
12000

10000

10086
7533

8000
6000

4352

3994

4000

1653

158
211

2000
34
0
12

3

4

567Months

89101112

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Coordination● Water resource is managing based on sustainability, balancing,integrated, equity, transparency and accountable.
● The aim is on water resource utilization sustainable and for citizen
prosperous● There are 18 Ministry and sector involved in water resourcesmanagement

15Utilization● Utilization water by agriculture and irrigation sector(the biggest),industry, water supply, others.
● Surface water the most available raw water resources among others(ground water, rainfall)● Increasing of pollution due to the high turbidity, solid waste and waste
water accumulation, increasing of sediment, and others.
● Example of DKI Jakarta, almost 90% raw water for water supply from
Citarum/Kali Malang River

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Strategy WRM
●
●
●
●
●

WR: surface water, rainfall, recycling water, desalination
Protecting more in raw water especially surface water
Minimization on shallow ground water and deep ground water
Increasing community participation
Non structure approach in WR conservation17

Obstacles WRM● System Information and data WRM● Low Community awareness in water saving● Community attitudes in discharge water waste (solid and liquid) inwater body
● Low coordination among sector● Weak commitment in water infrastructure18

Problems
●
●
●
●
●

Exchange land use function in top, middle and down area
Decreasing quality and quantity raw water due to the pollution
Water demand versus water supply
Excessive of extraction on ground water
Housing and waste water along the river

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Challenges in the future● Population increases need more space, more infrastructure, watersupply and sanitation, food, electricity● Enhancement human resources, technology adaptation, organizationand coordination● Decentralization caused management inefficient● Protecting and conservation on water resources20

28,741,737,137,444,345,226,937,829,320,924,3
33,757,362,753,222,150,443,250,151,234,249,934,438,240,742,353,740,530,250,546,240,426,342,8

Sumatera Utara
Sumatera BaratRiau
Kep. Riau
Jambi
Sumatera Selatan
Kep. Bangka Belitung
Bengkulu
Lampung
DKI Jakarta
Jawa BaratBanten
Jawa Tengah
DI Yogyakarta
Jawa Timur
Bali
Kalimantan Barat
Kalimantan Tengah
Kalimantan Selatan
Kalimantan Timur
Nusa Tenggara Barat
Nusa Tenggara Timur
Sulawesi Utara
Gorontalo
Sulawesi Tengah
Sulawesi Selatan
Sulawesi Barat

Sulawesi Tenggara
MalukuMaluku Utara
Papua
Papua Barat
Indonesia

0,0Aceh

SDGs Target Achievement Per Province Status until 2011
Proportion
households
haveandecentaccessdrinking
to safe drinking
water
Percentageofof
Households
withwater access

70,0Target of SDG’s 2015 : 68.87%

60,050,040,030,020,010,021

Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs
Proportion of households with decent drinking water sources access
70.00

Indonesia, 2000, 37.51

Rural + Urban
68.9%
Indonesia, 2005, 47.62

60.00

Perkotaan, 2015, 75.3

Perdesaan, 2015, 65.8
y = 0,6147x + 38,31
R² = 0,5787
Perdesaan; 2010;
45.85

50.00

Indonesia, 2010, 44.19

40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00

Perkotaan, 2010,42.51Target SDGs

80.00

0.00

PerdesaanTrendfrom 1993 s.d. 2010
線形(Indonesia)

The government should immediately accelerate the developmentof raw water supply infrastructure to MDG’s target

Source: BPS, SUSENAS various years

Indonesia

Perkotaan

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Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs
Households Source of Water
Air
Sungai/Hujan,
6.0%

Air
Kemasan/Lainnya, 3.0%

Ledeng,18%
Air Tanah,
74%

Source: ICCSR BAPPENAS, 2010

74% of households Source of Water is from groundwater23

Thank You24