Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael	  Benedikt,	
  Frank	
  Zimmermanngratefully	
  acknowledging	
  input	
  from	  FCC	
  coordination	
  group,	  global	  design	
  study	  team	  and	  all	
  international	
  contributors
LHC

SPS

PS

FCC

Kyoto  University, 27  May  2016

http://cern.ch/fcc

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
1
Kyoto  
University,  
2
7.  
M
ay  
2
016
Work	
  supported	
  by	
  the	
  European	
   Commission	
   under	  the	  HORIZON	  2020	
  project	
  EuroCirCol,	
   grant	
  agreement	
  654305

Outline•

Motivation  for  Future  Circular  Colliders•

FCC  Study  Scope  &  Time  Line•

Machine  Design,  Physics,  Detectors•

Technologies•

FCC  Organisation  &  Collaboration  Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

2FCC  strategic  motivation•

European  Strategy  for  Particle  Physics  2013:  “…to  propose  an  ambitious  post-­LHC  accelerator  project…..,  CERN  should  undertake  design  studies  for  accelerator  projects  in  a  global  context,…with  emphasis  on  proton-­proton  and  electron-­positron  high-­energy  frontier  machines….coupled  to  a  vigorous  accelerator  R&D  programme,  including   high-­field  magnets  and  high-­
gradient  accelerating  structures,….”•U.S.  strategy  and  P5  recommendation  2014:”….A  very  high-­energy  proton-­proton  collider  is  the  most  powerful  tool  for  direct  discovery  of  new  particles  and  interactions  under  any  scenario  of  physics  results  that  can  be  acquired  in  the  P5  time  window….”•

ICFA  statement  2014:”….  ICFA  supports  studies  of  energy  frontier  circular  colliders  and  encourages  global  coordination.….”Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

3FCC  motivation:  pushing  the  energy  frontier• A  very  large  circular  hadron  collider  seems  the  only  approach  to  reach  100  TeV c.m.  collision  energy  in  coming  decades• Access  to  new  particles  (direct  production)    in  the  few  TeV to  30  TeV mass  range,  far  beyond  LHC  reach.
• Much-­increased  rates  for  phenomena  in  the  sub-­TeV mass  range  →increased  precision  w.r.t.  LHC  and  possibly  ILC

The  name  of  the  game  of  a  hadron  collider  is  energy  reach𝐸 ∝ 𝐵$%&'() ×𝜌,)-$%-.
Cf.  LHC:  factor  ~4  in  radius,  factor  ~2  in  field  à O(10)  in  Ecms
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

4

Future  Circular  Collider  Study  GOAL:  CDR  and  cost  review  for  the  next  ESU  (2018)
International   FCC  collaboration  (CERN  as  host  lab)  to  study:  •pp-­collider  O(100)  TeV (FCC-­hh)              à main  emphasis,  defining  infrastructure  requirements  ~16  T  ⇒ 100  TeV pp in  100  km•

80-­100  km  tunnel  infrastructure  in  Geneva  area•e+e-­ collider  (FCC-­ee)  as  potential  intermediate  step•p-­e (FCC-­he)  option•

HE-­LHC with  FCC-­hh technology
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

5CepC/SppC study  (CAS-­IHEP)  54  km  (baseline)  e+e-­ collisions  ~2028;;  pp collisions  ~2042
Qinhuangdao  (秦皇岛）CepC,  SppC100  km  50  km  easy  access300  km  east  from  Beijing
3  h  by  car1  h  by  train  Yifang  Wang “Chinese  Toscana”
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

6

Previous  studies  in  Italy  (ELOISATRON  300km),  USA  (SSC  87km,  VLHC  233km),  Japan  (TRISTAN-­II   94km)

ex.  ELOISATRON

ex.  SSC

Supercolliders
Superdetectors:
Proceedings ofthe 19th and25th Workshops
SSC  CDR  1986of the INFN
Eloisatron
Project
Many  aspects  of  machine  design  and  R&D  non-­site  specific.
Tristan-­IIà Exploit  synergies  with  other  projects  and  prev.  studies
option  2

ex.  TRISTAN  II

ex.  VLHCVLHC  Design  Study  Group  Collaboration  June  2001.  271  pp.
SLAC-­R-­591,  SLAC-­R-­0591,  SLAC-­591,  SLAC-­0591,  F ERMILAB-­TM-­2149  Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

http://www.vlhc.org/

H.  Ulrich  Wienands,  T he  
F.  Takasaki
SSC  Low  Energy  Booster:  Design  and  Tristan-­II
Component  Prototypes  option  1
for  the  F irst  Injector  Synchrotron,  IEEE  Press,  1997  7

FCC  Scope:  Accelerator  and  Infrastructure
FCC-­hh:  100  TeV pp  collider  as  long-­term  goal  à defines  infrastructure  needs
FCC-­ee:  e+e-­ collider,  potential  intermediate  stepHE-­LHC:  based  on  FCC-­hh technology
key  technologies  pushed  in  dedicated  R&D  programmes,  e.g.
16  Tesla  magnets  for  100  TeV pp  in  100  km
SRF  technologies  and  RF  power  sources
tunnel  infrastructure  in  Geneva  area,  linked  to  CERN  accelerator  complex;;  site-­specific, as  requested  by  European  strategy
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

8

FCC  Scope:  Physics  &  Experiments
physics  opportunities
discovery  potentials

experiment  concepts  for  hh, ee and  hemachine  Detector  Interface  studies
concepts  for  worldwide  data  services
overall  cost  model  ;;  cost  scenarios  for  collider  options
including   infrastructure  and  injectors  ;;  implementation  and  governance  models
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

9CERN  Circular  Colliders  and  FCC
1980

1985

1990

Constr.

Design1995 2000

Physics

Proto

2005

2010 20152020

2025 2030

2035

LEP
Construction

DesignLHC

Physics

Construction

Physics

HL-­LHC

20  years
FCC

DesignProto

Construction

Physics

Now  is  the  right  time  to  plan  for  the  period  2035  – 2040
Goal  of  phase  1:  CDR  by  end  2018  for  next  update  of  European  Strategy
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

10

Progress  on  site  investigations

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

11

Progress  on  site  investigations• 90  – 100  km  fits  geological  situation  well
• LHC  suitable  as  potential  injector• The  100  km  version,  intersecting  LHC,        is  now  being  studied  in  more  detail
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

12

Progress  on  site  investigations• 90  –
Tunnel  optimization  tool  developed  by  FCC  100  km  fits  geological  situation  wellwith  industry.
• LHC  suitable  as  potential  injector• Now  also  used  for  ILC  site  studies.
• The  100  km  version,  intersecting  LHC,        • Excellent  example  for  synergy  between  the  is  being  studied  now  in  more  detailprojects.

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

13

Further  CE  and  TI  optimisation

More  detailed  studies  launched  on
•
•
•
•
•
•

CE:  single  vs.  double  tunnels
CE:  caverns,  shafts,  underground  layout
technical  infrastructuressafety,  accesstransport,  integration,  installation
operation  aspects
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

14

FCC-­hh injector  studies
Injector  options:• SPS  à LHC  à FCC

100  km  FCC  intersecting  version• SPS/SPSupgrade à FCC• SPS  -­>  FCC  booster  à FCC

SPS

FCC

Current  baseline is  to  fully  re-­use  the  existing  CERN   accelerator  complex• injection  energy  3.3  TeV from  LHCFuture  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

15

Hadron collider  parametersparameter

FCC-­hh

HE-­LHC*(HL)  LHC
*tentative

collision  energy  cms [TeV]

100

>25

14

dipole  field  [T]

16

16

8.3

circumference [km]

100

27

27

2  main  &  2

2  &  22  &  20.5

1.27

(1.12)  0.58

#  IP
beam  current  [A]bunch  intensity    [1011]

1

1  (0.2)

2.5(2.2)  1.15

bunch  spacing    [ns]25

25  (5)25

25

beta*  [m]

1.1

0.3

0.25

(0.15)  0.55

luminosity/IP  [1034 cm-­2s-­1]

5

20  -­ 30>25(5)  1

events/bunch  crossing

170<1020  (204)>850(135)  27

stored  energy/beam  [GJ]

8.4

1.4

(0.7)  0.36

synchrotron  rad. [W/m/beam]

30

4.1

(0.35)  0.18

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

16

FCC-­hh luminosity  phases
phase  1:  β*=1.1  m, ΔQtot=0.01,  tta=5  h,  250  fb-­1  /  year    phase  2:  β*=0.3  m, ΔQtot=0.03,  tta=4  h,  1  ab-­1  /  year  radiation  damping:  τ~1  h

PRST-­AB  18,  101002  (2015)  Total  integrated  luminosity  over      25  years  operation  O(20)  ab-­1
consistent  withphysics  goals

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

17

Physics  prospects

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

18

Higgs  &  EWSB  physics  at  100  TeVContino,  Lee,  Michelangelo,  Reuterhuge  production  rates  at  100  TeV imply:• can  afford  reducing  statistics,  with  tighter  kinematical  cuts  that  reduce  backgrounds  and  systematics• explore  new  dynamical  regimes,  with  novel  tests  of  the  SM  and  EWSB  Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

19

LHC  results: need  for  higher  energy

G.  Giudice
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

20

FCC-­hh physics  perspectives

G.  Giudice
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

21

FCC-­hh full-­ring  optics  design
Regular  arc  cell

Interaction  region
70

Injection  with  RF

Momentum  collim.

βx
βy

60

β [km]

50
40
30
20
10
0

-600

-400

-200

0
s [m]

200

400

600

Betatron  collimation

full  ring  optics  design
available  as  basis  for:  •••beam  dynamics  studies
optimisation  of  each  insertion
definition  of  system  specifications  (apertures,  etc.)• improvement  of  baseline  optics  and  layout
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

Extraction/dumping

22

FCC-­hh MDI  studies
design  of  interaction  region

31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131 141 151 161 171 181 191 201
distance from IP [m]
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

L* 36 mL* 45 m, spectrometer off
L* 45 m, spectrometer onpeak dose profile, per 3000 fb-1, vertical crossing, 15 mm thick shielding• consistent  for  machine  and  detector• L*=45  m  • integrated  spectrometer    and  compensation  dipoles  • optics  with  long  triplet  with  large  aperture• helps  distributing  collision  debris• more  beam  stay  clear

peak dose [ MGy ]Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

23

protecting  triplet  from  debris
total  power  of  background  events   shield  (TAS)100-­500  kW  per  experiment• car  or  truck  engine

magnets

already  limit  in  LHC  and  HL-­LHC• magnet  lifetime,  heat  load

peak dose profile, per 3000 fb-1
350

detector  design
goal:  survive  at  least  5000  fb-­1• one  5-­year  runM.  I.  Besana,  F.  Cerutti,  et  al.
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

dose  for3000  fb-­1

30  MGy =present  limit

300

5/10/15/20 mm shielding, peak dose [ MGy ]study  of  3000  fb-­1  in  older  FCC-­hhshielding
5mm
10mm
15mm
20mm

5mm shielding
10mm shielding
15mm shielding
20mm shielding

250

200

150

100

50

0

40

60

80
100
distance from IP [m]

120

140

24

detector concepts  for  100  TeV pp•

a B=6  T,  R=6  m  solenoid  with  shielding  coil  and  2  dipoles  has  been  engineered  in  detail.  Alternative  magnet  systems  are  being  studied  •parametrized  detector  performance  model  (DELPHES)   is  available  and  integrated  in  FCC  software  framework  for  physics  simulations• https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/FCC/FccPythiaDelphes
some  design  challenges:•••

large  η  acceptanceradiation  levels  of                    >50  x  LHC  Phase  II
pileup  of  ~1000

R&D  for  FCC  detectors  is  a  natural  continuation  of  the  R&D  for  LHC  Phase  II  upgrade
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

25physics/detector  simulation  softwareparametrized  detector  performance  (DELPHES)  is  integrated  in  the  FCC  software  framework  and  ready  to  use.
https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/FCC/FccPythiaDelphes
full  simulation  functional
reconstruction  and  fast  simulation  are  very  advanced
lots  of  effort  on  updating  documentation  and  infrastructure
single  entry  point  for  all  information:  http://fccsw.web.cern.ch/fccsw/
Muon  only
Tracker  only
Combined

calorimeter  resolution,  containment  studies
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

muon  system  performance  studies  and  requirements
26

High-­Energy  LHC  (HE-­LHC)
FCC  study  continues  effort  on  high-­field  collider  in  LHC  tunnel
2010  EuCARD Workshop  Malta;;  Yellow   Report  CERN-­2011-­1

EuCARD-­‐AccNet-­‐EuroLumi Workshop:	
  The	
  High-­‐Energy	  Large	  Hadron	
  Collider	  -­‐ HE-­‐LHC10,	
  
E.	
  	
   Todesco	
  and	  F.	
  Zimmermann	   	
  (eds.),	
  EuCARD-­‐CON-­‐2011-­‐001;	
  arXiv:1111.7188;	
  
CERN-­‐2011-­‐003	
  (2011)• based  on  16-­T  dipoles  developed  for  FCC-­hh• extrapolation  of  other  parts  from  the  present  (HL-­)LHC  and  from  FCC  developments
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

27

HE-­‐LHC	
  -­‐ 25	  TeV c.m.	
  β*=25	
  cm	
  or	
  15	
  cm

HE-­‐LHC:	
  pile	
  up	
  &	
  performance	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
25	
  ns	
  bunch	   spacingwith	
  160	  days	  of	
  physics,	
  	
  70%	  availability,	
   	
  3	
  h	
  
turnaround	
  time
pile	
  up	
  of	
  1000	
  or	
  shorter	  β*=25	
  cm:	
  920	
  fb-­‐1/year
β*=15	
  cm:	
  1100	
  fb-­‐1/year	
  (e.g.	  5	  ns)	
  bunch	  spacing	
  –
what	
  is	
  easier?
M.	
  Benedikt,	
   S.	
  Fartoukh,	
   F.	
  Zimmermann

FCC–ee:  physics  requirementsq physics  programs  /  energies:

Z  (45.5  GeV)  Z  pole,  ‘TeraZ’  and  high  precision  MZ &  ΓZ
W  (80  GeV)  W  pair  production  threshold,  high  precision  MW
H  (120  GeV)  ZH  production  (maximum  rate  of  H’s)  t  (175  GeV):  𝒕𝒕̅ 	
  threshold,  H  studiesq beam  energy  range  from  35  GeV  to  ≈200  GeV
q highest  possible  luminosities  at  all  working  pointsq possibly  H (63  GeV)  direct  s-­channel  production  with  monochromatizationq some  polarization  up  to  ≥80  GeV  for  precise  beam  energy  calibration  (<100  keV)
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

30lepton  collider  parametersparameter

FCC-­ee (400  MHz)

LEP2

Physics	
  working	
  point

Z

WW

ZH

ttbar

energy/beam	
  [GeV]

45.6

80

120

175

105

bunches/beam

30180

91500

5260

780

81

4

bunch	
  spacing	
  [ns]

7.5

2.5

50

400

4000

22000

bunch	
  population	
  [1011]

1.0

0.33

0.6

0.8

1.7

4.2

beam current	
  [mA]

1450

1450

152

30

6.6

3

luminosity/IP	
  x	
  1034cm-­‐2s-­‐1

210

90

19

5.1

1.3

0.0012energy	  loss/turn	
  [GeV]

0.03

0.03

0.33

1.67

7.55

3.34

synchrotron	
  power	  [MW]
RF	
  voltage	
  [GV]

100
0.4

0.2

0.8

22
3.0

10

3.5

identical FCC-­‐ee baseline optics for	
  all	
  energies
FCC-­‐ee:	
  2	
  separate rings	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  LEP:	
  single	
  beam pipe
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

31

FCC-­ee exploits  lessons  &  recipes  from  past  e+e-­ and  pp colliders
FCC-­ee

LEP:	
  
high	
  energySR	
  effects	
  B-­‐factories:
KEKB	
  &	
  PEP-­‐II:high	
  beam	  currents
top-­‐up	
  injection

DAΦNE
TRISTANDAFNE:	
  crab	
  waist	  VEPP2000

Super	
  B-­‐factories
S-­‐KEKB:	
  low	
  βy*	
  combining	
  successful	  ingredients	
   KEKB: e source	
  of	
  recent	
  colliders	
  →	
  extremely	
   HERA,	
  LEP,	
  RHIC:	
  
spin	
  
high	
  luminosity	
  at	
  high	  energies	
   gymnastics	
  +Barry  Barish
13  January  2011  Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

32

FCC-­ee luminosity  per  IP
Further  increase  with  squeeze  toβy*=1  mm, βx*=0.5  m

new  baseline                  crab  waist  with  2  IPsβy*=2  mm, βx*=1  msolid	
  baseline	
  with	  functioning	
  optics,	  space	
  
for	
  HZ
improvement,	
  
α
?
WW
𝒕𝒕̅
Z
esp.	
  at Z	
  
and	
  W
CEPC
QED

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

33

common  layouts for  hh &  ee
FCC-­ee 1,  FCC-­ee 2,  11.9 m

FCC-­ee booster  (FCC-­hh footprint)

IP 30 mrad
FCC-hh/ee Booster

9.4 m

Lepton beams must cross over through thecommon RF to enter the IP from inside.
Only a half of each ring is filled withbunches.

0.6 m

FCC-­hhlayoutCommonRF (tt)CommonRF (tt)Max. separation of 3(4) rings is about 12 m:
wider tunnel or two tunnels are necessaryaround the IPs, for ±1.2 km.

• 2  main  IPs  in  A,  G  for  both  machines• asymmetric  IR  optic/geometry  for  ee
to  limit  synchrotron  radiation  to  detector
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

IP

34

FCC-­ee optics  design
optics  design  for  all  working  points  achieving  baseline  performance  interaction  region:  asymmetric  optics  design• synchrotron  radiation  from  upstream  dipoles  <100  keV up  to  450  m  from  IP• dynamic  aperture  &  momentum  acceptance  requirements  fulfilled  at  all  WPsLocal  chromaticity  correction+  crab  waist  sextupoles

Local  chromaticity  correction+  crab  waist  sextupoles

IP
Beam

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

35

FCC-­ee full-­ring  optics  design
dynamic  aperture  and  momentum  acceptance  requirements  fulfilled
175 GeV,
β*x,y = (1 m, 2 mm)

45.6 GeV,
β*x,y = (0.5 m, 1 mm)

K.  Oide
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

36

SuperKEKB:  FCC-­ee demonstrator
Ie+=3.6  A,  Ie-­=2.6  A
PSR ~  13  MW  C  =  3  km

beam  commissioning  started  this  year

top  up  injection  at  high  current
βy*  =300  µm  (FCC-­ee:    1  mm)lifetime  5  min  (FCC-­ee:  ≥20  min)εy/εx  =0.25%  (similar  to  FCC-­ee)off  momentum  acceptance  (±1.5%,  similar  to  FCC-­ee)e+ production  rate  (2.5x1012/s,  Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
12/s  (Z cr.waist)
University  of  Tokyo,  2 3.  May  2 016
FCC-­ee:  <1.5x10

SuperKEKB
goes  beyond  FCC-­ee,  testing  all  37
conceptFuture  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
University  of  Tokyo,  2 3.  May  2 016

38

FCC-­ee MDI  optimisation
MDI  work  focused  on  optimization  of• l*,  IR  quadrupole  design• compensation  &  shielding  solenoid• SR  masking  and  chamber  layout

cm100  mrad 20

mask

mask

mask

mask

10

d

c

8
6
4

1

QC1

b

QC2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9
meters

QC2

a
QC1

mask

mask

mask
mask

CERN  model  of
CCT  IR  quadrupole

BINP  prototype  IR  quadr.

2  cm  aperture,  100  T /m
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

39

10

Higgs  coupling  summary    FCC-­hh

M.  Klute1
1
5

the  combination of  FCC-­ee and  FCC-­hh is «invincible»
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

40

synchrotron  radiation/beam  screen
handling  of  high  synchrotron  radiation  load  of  protons  @  50  TeV:
• ~30  W/m/beam  (@16  T) (LHC  <0.2W/m)•

first  FCC-­hh  beam  screen  prototype  testing  2017  at  ANKA  facility  in  Germany

5  MW  total  in  arcs

new  beam  screen  with  ante-­chamber••absorption  of  synchrotron  radiation                        at  50  K  to  reduce  cryogenic  power    avoids  photo-­electrons,  helps  vacuum

Photon  distribution
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

41

contributions:  beam  screen  (BS)  &  cold  bore  (BS  heat  radiation)

Cryo power  for  cooling  of  SR  heat

300MW
200MW
100MW

Total	
  power	
  to	
  refrigerator	
  [W/m	  per	
  beam]Overall  optimisation of  cryo-­power,  vacuum  and  impedanceTermperature ranges:  <20,      40K-­60K,    100K-­120K
3000
Tcm=1.9	
  K,	
  28.4	
  W/m
2500

Tcm=1.9	
  K,	
  44.3	
  W/mPh.  Lebrun
L.  Tavian
V.  Baglin

Tcm=4.5	
  K,	
  28.4	
  W/m

2000

Tcm=4.5	
  K,	
  44.3	
  W/m
1500
1000
500
0
0

50

100

150

200

Beam-­‐screen	
  temperature,	
  Tbs [K]Multi-­bunch  instability  growth  time:    25  turns                9  turns          (ΔQ=0.5)
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

42

CERN  &  EuroCirCol 16T  programsMain	
  Milestones	
  of	
  the	
  FCC	
  Magnet	
  Program	
  2016	  -­‐ 2019
Milestone

Description

15

M0

High	
  Jc wire	
  development	
  with	  industry

M1

Supporting	
  wound	  conductor	
  test	  program

M2

Design	
  &	
  manufacture	
  16T	  ERMC	
  with	  existing	
  wireM3

Design	
  &	
  manufacture	
  16	
  T	
  RMM	
  with	  existing	
  wireM4

Design	
  &	
  manufacture	
  16T	
  demonstrator	
  magnet

M5

Procurement	
  of	
  enhanced	
  high	  Jc wire

M6

EuroCirCol design	  16T	
  accelerator	
  quality	
  model2016

Magnets  with  bore

2017

2018

2019

2020

21

LBNL  HD1

Manufacture	
  and	
  test	  of	
  the	  16	  T	
  EuroCirCol model

16  T  “dipole”  levels  reached  with  small  racetrack  coils
LBNL  2004,  CERN  2015
CERN  RMC

ERMC  (16  T  mid-­plane  field)      RMM  (16  T  in  50  mm  cavity)        Demonstrator  (16  T,  50  mm  gap)  mid  2017end  2017end  2018
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

43

1.6
1.4 Nb3Sn T =  4.5  K
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
5

16  T

Jc in  kA/mm2

superconductor  performance10
B in  T

153150  mm2

5400  mm2

Nb-­Ti
Not  possible~1.7  times  less  SC

Different  technology~10%  margin
HL-­LHC

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

20~10%  margin
FCC  ultimate
4444

Nb3Sn  conductor  program
Nb3Sn  conductor is one  of  the  major  cost and  performance  factors for  FCC-­hh and  must  be given highest attention• Goals:  Jc increase (16  T,  4.2  K)  >  1500  A/mm2,  significant cost reduction• Actions  ongoing and  planned (in  addition  to  activities at  CERN):• Purchase of  wires in  Europe,  US• Industrial R&D  in  Europe• Collaboration  agreements with KEK,  Russia,  Korea (in  preparation),                                      to  stipulate conductor development with regional industry• Collaborations  with several European Universities and  Research  Centres  • U.S.  Magnet Development Program  with conductor R&D  program  and  focused on  16  T  cos  theta dipole model  magnet.
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

45

RF  system  requirements
Very  large  range  of  operation  parameters“Ampere-class” machines
VtotalGVnbunches

Ibeam
mA

hh

0.032

Z

0.4/0.2 30000/90000 1450

ΔE/turn
GeV

500
0.034

W

0.8

5162

152

0.33

H

5.5

770

30

1.67

10

78

6.6

7.55

t

Naive scale up from an hh system

x6

x12

≈ 16 x 1 cell
400MHz,“high gradient” machines••

Voltage  and  beam  current  ranges  span  more  than  factor  >  102  No  well-­adapted  single  RF  system  solution  satisfying  requirements  Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

46

RF  system  R&D  lines
400  MHz  single-­cell  cavities  preferred  for  hh and  ee-­Z  (few  MeV/m)••

Baseline  Nb/Cu  @4.5  K,  development  with  synergies  to  HL-­LHC,  HE-­LHC
R&D:  power  coupling  1  MW/cell,  HOM  power  handling  (damper,  cryomodule)hhZ≈ 16 cells per beam

≈ 100 per beamW
≈ 210 per beam(+ 100 for booster ring) (+ 210 for booster ring)400  or  800  MHz  multi-­cell  cavities  preferred  for  ee-­H,  ee-­tt and  ee-­W••

Baseline   options  400  MHz  Nb/Cu  @4.5  K,  ◄▬► 800  MHz  bulk  Nb  system   @2KR&D:  High  Q0 cavities,  coating,  long-­term:  Nb3Sn  like  components  WH≈ 200 per beam≈ 800 per beam(+ 200 for booster)(+ 800 for booster)t≈ common 2600 cells
for both beams(+ 2600 for booster)

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

47

FCC  Collaboration•

A  consortium of  partners  based  on  aMemorandum  Of  Understanding  (MoU)  •Working  together  on  abest  effort  basis•

Pursuing  the  samecommon  goal•

Self  governed•

Incremental  &  open  to  academia  and  industry
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

48

FCC  International  Collaboration••

75  institutes
26  countries  +  EC

Status:  April,  2016
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

49

FCC  Collaboration  Status
75  collaboration  members  &  CERN  as  host  institute,  April  2016
ALBA/CELLS,  Spain
Ankara  U.,  Turkey
U  Belgrade,  Serbia
U  Bern,  Switzerland
BINP,  Russia
CASE  (SUNY/BNL),  USACBPF,  Brazil  CEA  Grenoble,   France
CEA  Saclay,  France
CIEMAT,  Spain
Cinvestav,  Mexico
CNRS,  France
CNR-­SPIN,  Italy
Cockcroft  Institute,   UK  U  Colima,  Mexico  UCPH  Copenhagen,   Denmark
CSIC/IFIC,   SpainTU  Darmstadt,  Germany
TU  Delft,  Netherlands
DESY,  Germany  DOE,  Washington,   USAESS,  Lund,   Sweden
TU  Dresden,  Germany
Duke  U,  USAEPFL,   Switzerland
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

UT  Enschede,  Netherlands
U  Geneva,  Switzerland
Goethe  U  Frankfurt,  Germany
GSI,   Germany
GWNU,  Korea
U.  Guanajuato,   Mexico
Hellenic  Open   U,  Greece
HEPHY,  Austria
U  Houston,   USAIIT   Kanpur,  India
IFJ  PAN  Krakow,  Poland
INFN,  Italy
INP  Minsk,  Belarus
U  Iowa,   USAIPM,  IranUC  Irvine,  USAIstanbul  Aydin  U.,  Turkey
JAI,  UK
JINR  Dubna,  Russia
Jefferson  LAB,  USAFZ  Jülich,   Germany
KAIST,  Korea
KEK,  Japan
KIAS,  Korea
King’s  College  London,   UKKIT  Karlsruhe,  Germany
KU,  Seoul,   Korea
Korea  U  Sejong,   Korea
U.  Liverpool,   UKU.  Lund,   Sweden
MAX  IV,  Lund,   Sweden
MEPhI,   Russia
UNIMI,  Milan,  Italy
MIT,  USA
Northern  Illinois   U,  USANC  PHEP  Minsk,  Belarus
U  Oxford,  UK
PSI,  Switzerland  U.  Rostock,  Germany
RTU,  Riga,  Latvia
UC  Santa  Barbara,  USASapienza/Roma,  Italy  U  Siegen,  Germany
U  Silesia,  Poland
TU  Tampere,  Finland
TOBB,  Turkey
U  Twente,  Netherlands
TU  Vienna,  Austria
Wigner  RCP,  Budapest,  Hungary
Wroclaw  UT,  Poland

50

EuroCirCol EU  Horizon  2020  Grant
European  Union  contributes  with  funding  to  FCC-­hh study•••

Supports  and  makes  essential  contributions  to  the  FCC-­hh work  packages:  Arc  &  IR  optics  design,  16  T  dipole  design,  cryogenic  beam  vacuum  system  Recognition  of  FCC  Study  by  European  Commission.

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

51

EuroCirCol Consortium  +  Associates
CERN
TUT
CEA
CNRS
KIT
TUD
INFN
UT
ALBA

IEIO
FinlandFranceFranceGermany
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain

CIEMATSTFC
UNILIV
UOXF
KEK
EPFL
UNIGE
NHFML-­‐FSU
BNL
FNAL
LBNL

Spain
United  Kingdom
United  Kingdom
United  Kingdom
Japan
Switzerland
Switzerland
USA
USA
USA
USA

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

Japan
KEK

Finland
TUT

U n i t e d 	   K i n g d o m
Net herl ands

S T F C , 	
   U N I L I V , 	
   U O X F

UTGermany
K I T , 	   T U DFranceC E A , 	   C N R S

Swi t zerl and

CER N

E P F L , 	
   U N I G E

Italy
INF N

Spain
A L B A , 	
   C I E M A T

Consortium  Beneficiaries,  signing  the  Grant  Agreement5252

First  FCC  Week
Conference
Washington  DC
23-­27  March  2015
http://cern.ch/fccw2015

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016“head  shots”  from  Bob  Palmer  (BNL)

53

First  FCC  Week
Conference
http://cern.ch/fccw2016
Other	
  Regions

Washington  DC
23-­27  March  2015

U.S.

Asia

468
Participants

Middle	  EastEuropehttp://cern.ch/fccw2015

168  Institutes

24
Countries

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

54

Conclusions•

There  is  a  strong,  rising  interest  in  Future  Circular  Colliders  and  a  community  is  forming  to  study  these  machines•

International  collaboration   is  needed  to  advance  with  this  study  on  all  of  its  challenging   subjects  •Japanese  expertise  and  participation  in  accelerators,  experiments  & physics  are  essential  and  most  welcome!

•Consolidated   parameter  sets  for  both  machines  FCC-­hh and  FCC-­ee have  been  established.  Work  on  all  areas,  accelerator  physics,  technologies,  infrastructures,  detectors  and  physics  is  advancing  well.

•

Next  milestone  is  a  study  review  at  FCC  Week  2017,  to  define  contents  of  the  Conceptual  Design  Report.  
Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

55

FCC Week 201729  May  – 2  June  2017
Berlin,  G ermany

Future  Circular  Colliders
Michael  B enedikt,  Frank  Zimmermann
Kyoto  University,  2 7.  May  2 016

56