Appendix
Global Environmental Research Fund (GERF/S-3-1)
Japan-UK Joint Research Project “a Sustainable Low-Carbon Society (LCS)”“a Dozen of Actions towards Low-Carbon Societies (LCSs)”The Details of Actions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Comfortable and Green Built Environment
Anytime, Anywhere Appropriate Appliances
Promoting Seasonal Local Food
Sustainable Building Materials
Environmentally Enlightened Business and Industry
Swift and Smooth Logistics
Pedestrian Friendly City Design
Low-Carbon Electricity
Local Renewable Resources for Local Demand
Next Generation Fuels
Labeling to Encourage Smart and rational Choices
Low Carbon Society Leadership

May 2008“2050 Japan Low-Carbon Society” scenario teamNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Kyoto University, Ritsumeikan University,and Mizuho Information and Research Institute.

This is a tentative translation of the report originally written in Japanese “低炭素社会に向けた 12 の方策”.
The original report and its press release on May 22, 2008 can be downloaded from http://2050.nies.go.jp/.

1. Comfortable and Green Built Environment
Future Objectives[Solar and Wind Utilization Design] Architectural technologies and designs that are suitable for the climate of each region, using passive design layout for introducing
sunlight and natural wind into the building, are widely disseminated. In addition, the individual levels of insulation technologies, screen technologies, ventilation
technologies have been improved drastically, thereby enabling reduction of energy consumption while retaining comfort within residences and buildings.
Consequently, the demand for energy per household will decline by about 40% from 2000 levels; also, the energy demand per unit area of non-residential
non residential building
floor space will decrease by 40%. Furthermore, for the walls and roof in each building, installation of solar water heaters and solar power generators will bestandardized. In particular, most of low rise housing will become zero carbon residences through the combination of high insulation, passive design, and solar
energy use.
[Household Finance-friendly Environmental Efficiency] For newly built or renovated buildings, reduction and exemption scheme of real estate tax and loan interest
rates in response to certification results of household environmental efficiency (CO2 emissions and energy consumption) becomes available.
available The scheme
provides incentives for purchasing of residences with high environmental efficiency. For existing residences, low cost environmental efficiency consulting services
are provided. The services offer advices on the structural alteration of the building in order to enhance environmental efficiency and act as an intermediary foralteration expense discount programs and favorable loan interest rates. As such, a framework system for the entire society to place a high value on the level ofenvironmental efficiency of residences is in place. Therefore, even citizens with low environmental awareness choose residences with superior environmental
efficiency.
efficiency[Nurturing of Worker Skills; Information Transmission] Designers and architects who are highly skilled in bonding architectural designs that make use of local andregional climate and the use of leading edge equipment are nurtured in each area; their know-how will be handed over to the next generation. Moreover, long-lifebuildings such as “200-year homes” have become widespread, limiting unnecessary consumption of resources and energy.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[Standardization Period] Currently, at the time of purchasing or contract leasing of residences and buildings, since there is no requirement in general for thepresentation of information regarding environmental efficiency, this has not been an item of importance. Also, even today, although it is possible to evaluate theenvironmental efficiency of residences and buildings
buildings, the number of people capable of performing these complex calculations have not been sufficient,sufficient hindering
its widespread practice. Accordingly, the proposed strategy promotes the establishment of simplified evaluation method for building efficiency according to use in
consultation with existing building evaluation methods (CASBEE, etc.) and evaluation methods implemented in Europe and other countries. At the same time, it
continues to make progress on nurturing practitioners for the diagnosis of energy-saving efficiency and CO2 reduction efficiency. Furthermore, lectures forcraftsmen on building technology will be established in universities and other educational institutions, and by organizing in each region training classes and events
intended for construction workers
workers, foundations will be created for passing on the knowledge of energy-efficientenergy efficient building technologies and designs
designs.
[Environmental Efficiency Labeling Introduction Period] A labeling system for residences and buildings will be commenced based on the newly-developed evaluation
methods. Long-term energy-saving target values (upward in incremental steps) will be set for each type of building usage. Certification and registration of labelingwill be mandatory at the time of purchase for newly-built residences, at the time of renovation for existing buildings, and at certain intervals for leased andbusiness buildings. Those failing to meet the lowest-rank standard will receive guidance to attain the acceptable standard values through the introduction of highefficiency
ffi i
equipment,it solarl power generator,t solarl thermalthl equipmentit andd so fforth.
th In
I addition
dditi tot theth annuall energy consumptionti off theth average householdhh ld andd
CO2 emissions, the environmental efficiency labels will include the economic figures for the buildings such as the average annual energy cost, enablingcomparisons of initial investments and running costs. Furthermore, through combination of tax breaks and low interest financing loans that correspond to theenvironmental efficiency label, incentives will be provided to owners and users of buildings to select residences or buildings on a long-term basis.

Contribution of Building Owners
Contribution of Architects, etc.

StandardizationStd di ti
PeriodSelection of residential buildings with high environmental efficiency.
Commission of low carbon design to architects and construction companies.
Development of low carbon architectural design methods. Investing for technology development
in insulation technologies, etc. Sustenance of regional worker skills.

Environmental Efficiency Labeling Introduction Period

Residential household energy
gy demand：-40% ((from FY2000 level))
Building floor area energy demand：-40% (from FY2000 level)

Barriers

Complex energysaving performance
metrics, highcalculation costs,
insufficientpersonnelpInsufficientincentives forchoosing energysaving residences
and buildings

Future Objectives
Dissemination of diagnosis practitioners for energy-saving and CO2 reduction efficiencies
Establishment of simplified evaluation method for environmental efficiency of residences and buildings

Organizing training classes and events for passing on knowledge of architectural technologies
Introduction and expansion of residence and building labeling system for environmental efficiency (newbuilding, renovation, mandatory indication upon leasing)

Finance-friendly
environmental
efficiency

Implementation and expansion of tax breaks and low interest loan financing
based on the environmental efficiency label
Nurturing of worker
skills & informationtransmission

Establishment and review of long-term energy-saving standard targets for buildings.

2000

Solar and windutilization design

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2. Anytime, Anywhere Appropriate Appliances
Future Objectives[Dissemination of Energy-saving and Control Technologies] As a result of technological competition for energy saving on home appliances and businessequipment,it th
the energy efficiency
ffi i
off allll equipmentsit iis greatly
tl iimproved,d enabling
bli efficientffi i t use off energy withith minimali i l waste.
t Also,Alpractical
ti l use off informationi fticommunication technology (ICT) has made it possible for autonomous operation and control of equipments to automatically suspend the operation in spaces
and periods of time when people are not present.
[Service Consumption Lifestyle] Air-conditioning equipment and hot water heaters are leased rather than sold, with a charging system in response to the volumeof usage. The charging system for electricity and gas is such that the leasing companies are charged, causing them to make efforts for reduction of energy
costs by improving the efficiency of equipments through continual equipment repairs and exchange of parts as well as updating to the latest high-efficiency
equipments. Furthermore, more effective use of resources is performed as post-use equipments are sent back to the leasing companies to make thecollection process of unnecessary equipment easy.
[Leading the world] Japan has the highest global technological levels, and this advancement elevates the appeal of the country throughout the world. These
technologies are exported throughout the world
world, thus besides supporting Japan’sJapan s economy they contribute to the creation of a low carbon societysociety.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[System Revision Period] The top-runner system has been a system with great results. Based on this experience, the scope for its application will be expandedwith the focus on business affairs.
affairs Moreover
Moreover, the evaluation method for the top-runner standard values will be reviewed so as to appropriately evaluate theenergy-saving efficiency attained by autonomous control of air-conditioning and lighting equipments.
[Business Model Conversion Period] Under the revised top-runner system, efficiency improvement of each equipment item will be promoted. Simultaneously, in
corporation with industry organizations, a third-party system will be established to evaluate the contribution level of each company for equipment efficiency,
energy savings and CO2 emission reduction, publicly announcing and recognizing those companies with superior contribution in each year. Moreover,strategic initiatives will be taken to make Japanese technologies and evaluation techniques into international standards. A shift from the retail style to theleasing business style will be encouraged by establishing lowest recovery rates and by incrementally tightening the standards. Furthermore, for leasing
companies, supportive measures will be in place, including provision of incentives such as reduction of fixed property tax for the top-runner equipments andCO2 emission reduction equipments (solar power generators, solar water heaters, etc.) that they own.

Contribution of Product Users
Contribution of Companies

Selection of equipment high in energy savings and low in CO2 emission
Positive performance of R&D on energy savings products. Appeals for environmental efficiency of their products.

(manufacturers)

SystemSt
Expansion
Ei
PeriodBusiness Model Conversion Period
Air-conditioner COP : 5~8High efficiency illumination : 200lm/W
Heat pump water heater COP : 6.3, etc.

Barriers
Existence ofequipments notcovered by toprunner system
Insufficientfframework
k forfappropriate
evaluation ofenergy-saving
control technologies,
etc
etc.
Development of toprunner and low CO2
equipments, faster
diffusion

Future Objectives
Broadening of targeted products to be regulated by Top-Runner system
Dissemination ofenergy-saving &control technologies

Reviewing of evaluation method for top-runner standard values
Introduction of revised top-runner
top runner system

Serviceconsumption
lifestyle

Establishment of a third-party institution to evaluate contributions of companies in energy
savings and CO2 reduction
Introduction of incentive schemes for companies
Supportive measures for leasing industry (reduction of fixed property tax, etc.)

Leading the world

Review of top-runner system (scope enlargement, system review, establishment of recovery rate)

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

3. Promoting Seasonal Local Food
Future Objectives[Raising of Low Carbon Agriculture by Consumers] At the time of selecting foodstuffs in supermarkets and restaurants, the advertising of health related informationandad CO2 eemissionsss o s will increasec ease thee popupopularitya yo
of lowo cacarbonbo ag
agricultural
cu u a p
produce.
oduce Spec
Specifically,
ca y, coconsumers
su e s p
prefere e seaso
seasonala p
produceoduce a
and
do
other
e vegetables
ege ab es
grown using solar thermal or biomass even if they were grown in greenhouses, thus farmers make various innovations to ensure lower carbon emissions. Also,supermarkets and other stores support their efforts to promote low carbon produce by introducing eco-points and similar other incentives.
[Low Carbonization of Production Process] While production and consumption of produce in season have become more prevalent, there has been a large
greenhouse cultivation which consumes a large
g amount of energy.
gy Even with its implementation,p
farmers actively
y utilize solar thermal, biomass
decrease in gand local small- and medium-sized hydroelectric power generation. As a result, per yield CO2 emissions for vegetables and fruits have declined to less thanhalf the current figures. Moreover, biofuels made from irregular agricultural produce and agricultural waste are used as fuels for agricultural machineries,
contributing to the low carbonization of production process for agricultural produce.
[Agricultural Fields and Pastures without Greenhouse Gas Emission] Through engagement in new agricultural production methods, technological development,
breed improvement and so forth, emissions of N2O, CH4, etc. from agricultural fields and pastures have declined greatly.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[Verification Period] Farmers who desire certification in low carbon agriculture will be recruited to participate in verification tests for agricultural produce labeling. In
collaboration with participants in the verification tests, discussions will be held to improve the policy towards low carbon agriculture, thereby accumulating theexperience and knowledge of low carbon agriculture. Simultaneously, low carbon agriculture advisors with adequate experience in the field will be nurtured.
[Diffusion Period] The target areas of agricultural produce labeling system and low carbon agriculture certification system will be expanded to include the wholecountry. However, in some cases introduction of high-efficiency equipment, solar water heater, biomass boiler, etc. are necessary, thus for these equipments,
the municipalities will establish systems for lending (leasing) and giving out subsidies. Also, in order to assure the acceptance of low carbon agricultural
produce by consumers, guarantee of taste and safety will be given to certified produce, in addition to active appeals made both within and outside Japanthrough government publicity. In addition, systems will be constructed so that certified results can be mutually confirmed with major trading partners ofagricultural produce, broadly spreading the knowledge of low carbon agriculture that Japan has so as to contribute to the realization of a low carbon society.
[Establishment Period] Low carbon agriculture will become the standard method because consumers can easily select low carbon produce, and because
producers will have lower running cost with reduced usage of heavy oil and so forth. Thus, various government and municipal subsidies should be gradually
reduceddd tto promotet iindependence.
ddContribution of Consumers

Selection of seasonal food products and low carbon items based on environmental and safety information of food.

Contribution of Farmers

Seasonal item cultivation. Use of low carbon energy in greenhouses as much as possible.

Verification Period

Diffusion Period

Establishment Period
CO2 emissions p
per yyield of vegetablesgand fruits : Less than half

Barriers

Future Objectives
Verification testing of low carbon agriculture

Insufficientknowledge andexperience of low
carbon agriculture

Raising of low
carbon agriculture
by consumers

Nurturing of low carbon agriculture advisors
Introduction/expansion of low carbon agriculture certification system

Cost of equipment
introduction is high.
Lack of appropriate
equipment

Leasing and financial subsidies for agricultural machines and solar thermal equipments
Introduction of international certification system
Government publicity for low carbon agriculture (safety/taste evaluation, low carbon agriculture promotion)

Demand for andsupplysupp
yoof lowocarbon produce
need to match

2000

Low carbonizationof production
process

2010

2020

2030

2040

Fields & pastures
without greenhousegas emission

2050

4. Sustainable Building Materials
Future Objectives[Life Surrounded by Trees] In addition to low-rise residences, the popularity of wooden residence has spread widely to medium-rise residences as well. Building
construction using lumber with high strength and fire resistance (such as large-section laminated lumber) has become popular even for schools, hospitals, otherpublic buildings, low-rise large-scale stores and factories, with the percentage of wooden buildings exceeding 70%. Also, the use of wood for furniture and fittings
has greatly increased, and wood is used for various applications including civil engineering, architectural foundations, guardrails and sound-proof walls.
[Revival of Forestry Business] Due to the introduction of service road networks and usage of advanced machineries, labor productivity of forestry has increased by 5times the 2000 average level. Also, due to the establishment of effective application technology for wood biomass, over 9,000,000 BDT (Bone Dry Tonne) of
remaining materials in the forest are used annuallyannually. Log production volume has expanded to 50
50,000,000m
000 000m3, and timber self sufficiency has surpassed 65% toallow for increasing exportation of wood overseas (in 2006, the domestic log production volume was 17,480,000m3, with the timber self sufficiency of 20.3%,
according to “2006 Chart of Lumber Demand and Supply” by the Forestry Agency). However, clear cutting is limited to old growth forests with declining growthrate. Together with proper reforestation done using low-cost afforestation technologies, sustainable forestry business is established.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[Competitiveness Recovery Period] In order to achieve maximum utilization of usable domestic lumber, existing standards and restrictions regarding wood products
will be reviewed. For current forestry, from the profit perspective, the incentives for forest owners are extremely insufficient to implement thinning and clear
cutting.
tti
O
One off th
the ffactorst
iis ththatt ththe unit
it off fforestry
t businessb i
iis ttoo smallll tto achievehiefficient
ffi i t managementt off fforests.
t Accordingly,A
di l llow-costt log
l production
d ti willill bberealized through intensification of forest management (collaborative business implementation) and subsidies to promote mechanization of log production. At thesame time, political measures will be taken to achieve expansion of forestry management units by promoting small-scale forest owners to either sell orcommission their forests for a long term to forest entities (such as forest associations) which can properly manage their forests. Furthermore, the remaining
materials in the forest are currently not fully utilized at all because of their high supply costs, high moisture content and irregular shapes. In order to increase
their utilization
utilization, the government will implement supportive measures for the development and introduction of necessary equipments for collection of theremaining materials as well as for the transportation of the materials.
[Utilization Expansion Period] Utilization of wood will be promoted by thorough procurement of natural resources for construction of public infrastructures. In addition,
for the use of wood and their material cycles, property tax reduction measures and environmental taxes will be introduced to promote wood utilization further. On
the other hand, for prevention of profit-centered unregulated logging due to the increase in demand for wood, forestry guidelines will be created, by which thirdparty organizations are designated to certify business entities that implement sustainable forest management and pro-environmental logging. Simultaneously,systems will be constructed so that certified results can be mutually confirmed with major trading partners of lumber, suppressing illegal logging and otheractivities overseas. Furthermore, development of new machineries will be necessary due to the increase in tree age and size, and consequently, it will benecessary to construct large-scale service road networks on which large trucks can drive.
[[Utilization Establishment Period]] Various kinds of utilization have been established for Japanesepcedar wood,, and the percentagespg of wood utilization for buildingsgand furniture approach 70%. Together with this, the competitiveness of eco-conscious wood products reach a global level. From then on, support will be given to
the forestry industry so that new channels for sale of national lumber can be cultivated abroad. By this time, demand for biomass resources will outgrow supplyof remaining materials from the forests, thus it will be necessary to commence production of biomass resources with short harvest intervals.

Contribution of Forest Owner

Proper forest management, or sales/commissioning of their forests to a forest association

Contribution of Forest Industry

Disclosure of CO2 emissions of lumber to consumers.
Establishment of construction technologies for medium-rise and large-scale wooden buildings.

Competitiveness
Recovery Period

Forestry labor productivity : x5 (from FY2000 level)
Forestry production volume : 50,000,000m3 (timber
self sufficiency: 65%)
Percentage of wood utilization for construction/furniture : 70%

Barriers
Regulatory barriers foruse off domesticdti llumberb
for buildings

Future Objectives

Review of standards and regulations
Life surroundedby trees

Preferential measures for wood products and recycling (property tax reduction, environmental tax)

Insufficientincentives for wood
utilization
Insufficient profit
due to low
management
efficiency of forestry

Utilization Establishment
PeriodUtilization Expansion Period

Thorough green procurement
Intensive forest management and promotion of agglomeration

Revival offorestry businessSubsidies for forestry machineries and collection system for remaining materials
Certification system for eco-conscious forest management (guideline, third-party certifying entity)

Risk of causing
unregulated profitcentered forest
management

Introduction of international certification system
E
Expansioni off service
i roadd networkstkCultivation of overseas sales channels for domestic lumber

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

5. Environmentally Enlightened Business and Industry
Future Objectives[Minimum 40% Efficiency Improvement] Through continual efforts of enterprises and social systems supporting them, the energy consumption per actual
production volume in each industry has declined by a minimum of 40% in comparison to 2000 (equivalent to an annual reduction rate of 1% in each section).
[Demand Pull by “Low Carbon” Value Permeation] Consumers have come to prefer low carbon products and services, and accordingly, companies are increasing
their development investment in low carbonization of their manufacturing technologies and services. In addition, since monetary investment on companies
actively implementing low carbonization is on the increase, low carbonization of company activities has become an important element from the viewpoint ofcorporate competitiveness. Consequently, a number of revolutionary technologies have been put into practice, such as iron-making technologies that usehydrogen as the reducing agent.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[System Establishment Period] In order to objectively apprehend companies’ efforts toward low carbon targets, a system for publicizing the CO2 emissions of eachcompany and office in a unified (standardized) format will be establishedestablished. Moreover
Moreover, another system for publicizing these companies’
companies efforts toward asustainable society will be in place. To provide the companies with a third party certification for their emissions and efforts, a system for authorized CO2
accounting will be introduced. On the other hand, the policy for implementing eco-conscious “socially-responsible investment behavior” will be clearly addressedto financial institutions. Those achieving a certain rate of loan assets for low carbon businesses will be announced, thereby providing support for low carbon
businesses. Moreover, a system to concentrate money on companies with low carbon management will be constructed by introducing preferential measures,such as tax reductions
reductions, for low carbon investments and financial products.
products[Introduction Period] Based on the CO2 emission data of companies from “disclosure” schemes, systems for supporting companies that conduct low carbon
management will be introduced. To be specific, a carbon tax will be imposed on the emission of CO2 caused by company activities. On the other hand,
incentives (large scale tax reduction measures and technological development support for attaining CO2 reduction targets) will be given to companies whichgregardinggg which theyy had made an agreementgwith the ggovernment. CO2 reduction targetsg
are evaluated byy third-party
p yhave achieved the CO2 reduction targets
organizations, and the incentives including tax reduction measures and technology development subsidies will be differentiated depending on the degree ofachievement. Also, in parallel with the introduction of environmental taxes, a system for emissions trading will be introduced so as to create a systems
framework that can minimize the companies’ CO2 reduction cost and the risk of not achieving their targets. Regarding the rate of the carbon tax, although it will
be gradually increased, the long-term changes in the tax rate will be made public so that companies can make long-term management plans and technologypinvestment pplans while taking
g future tax rates into account. Furthermore,, for companiespwith pparticularly
y advanced activities,, large
g scale publicpdevelopment
acknowledgement such as “Low Carbon Organization of the Year” will be given. Through these measures, companies will be encouraged to convert to low
carbon production technologies and services.
[Ensuring Competitiveness] Regarding some industries easily exposed to international competition, the introduction of carbon tax and such measures could lower
their international competitiveness. Also, the burdens placed on manufacturing companies could lead to an exodus of manufacturing industry to overseas.
Accordingly, through international negotiation, government will work with each country in the world to adopt an international framework (sectoral approach,border tax, etc.) in order to prevent significant disadvantages to some industries. Although flexible tax measures will be adopted until a sufficient scheme isconstructed, these special tax measures will be repealed by 2020.

Contribution of Consumers

A ti utilization
Activetili ti off environmentali
t l informationi f
ti disclosed
di l
d by
b companies
i in
i productd t selection.
l tiSupport companies implementing low carbon business (investment/product selection)

Contribution of companies

Perform thorough energy savings/CO2 reduction in company activities.
Procure energy and material that are as low carbon emission as possible.

Introduction Period

System Establishment Period

Ensuring CompetitivenessAmount of consumption per actual
productiond i : -40％
40 (from(f
FY2000 level)ll)Barriers
Difficult to compare
levels ofcontribution for a
low carbon society
among companies
Insufficientincentives for
implementation of
low carbon
management

Future Objectives
Establishment of CO2 emission information disclosure systemyfor each company
p y and office
Minimum 40%
efficiency
improvement

Development of authorized CO2 accounting system
Tax reduction for investments in low carbon business and financial products
Introduction of carbon tax based on emission reduction target and emissions trading system
Introduction/diffusion of public announcement system (Low Carbon Organization of the Year)
Announcement of long-term tax rate changes, establishment and review of reduction targets

Possible loss ofinternational
competitivenessdue to carbon tax insome industries

2000

Adoption of flexible tax measures
Negotiation for introduction of international scheme
2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Demandpull by “lowcarbon” value
permeation

6. Swift and Smooth Logistics
Future Objectives[Thorough Removal of Waste by SCM] The idea and practice of “supply chain management” are widely accepted to optimize the overall business processes,
where the flow of commodities from source of supply to final demand (consumption) including procurement of materials and parts, inbound logistics,
production, outbound logistics and sales is captured as a “supply“
chain”.
” In SCM,
SC informationf
is shared and managed jointly among companies participating in
supply chains using advanced information communication technology. Through this, supply and demand are synchronized to promote reduction of inventoryof goods and goods-in-process and swift flow of materials. As a result, production of unnecessary items are limited, thereby making industries more efficient.
[Enhancement of Infrastructure for Railroad and Marine Logistics and Realization of Seamless Logistics Networks] Large-scale cargo logistic networks by ships
and railroad between major centers are fully developed
developed, and systems and infrastructures are constructed to enable smooth cargo transfer between different
transportation modes at major unloading sites. As a result, long-distance logistics networks with low carbon emissions and high efficiency are in place.
[Local Logistics by High-efficiency Vehicles] Local logistics are based on motorized and hybrid cargo vehicles. Within central areas of urban cities, trolleys are also
actively employed for collection and distribution of goods.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[SCM Promotion Period] For realization of overall optimization of business process following the introduction of SCM, it is necessary for all related companies toshare necessaryy information. However,, in some cases,, due the cost of systemyintroduction and resistance againstgthe presentationpof internal company
p yinformation to other companies, only a limited number of companies participate to result in insufficient optimization. Therefore, cases of SCM will be
evaluated in an investment-versus-result format, and superior cases will be announced. At the same time, the introduction of systems for sharing SCM on a
network will be supported to decentralize and lower the investment expenses in order to enable participation of small- and medium-sized businesses.
Furthermore, by implementing strategic approaches for rending the Japan-borne intra-and inter-business standards of electronic information into international
standards, system cost will be reduced, further promoting their diffusion.
[Infrastructure Preparation Period] Various systems will be introduced to remove barriers among multiple transportation means, such as development andunification of new railroad containers with identical dimensions as the international standard (ship containers). At the same time, public subsidies will be given
for construction of necessary infrastructures such as expansion of freight railways and terminals, purchasing of carrier trucks and expansion of container yard
for empty containers at ports. Also, various tax reductions will be performed on railroad and shipping real estate tax among others. These measures willencourage infrastructure construction of arterial networks for cargos
cargos.
[Low Carbon Logistics Realization Period] By broadening the scope of target for Top-Runner Law to include not only all automobile vehicles but also othertransportation modes, the efficiency of all logistics transport modes will be continuously improved. Moreover, in order to enhance the competitiveness of low
carbon logistic modes, imposed taxation will be proportionate to the percentage of carbon content of the transportation energy used. As well, by supporting
diffusion of a real-time browsing system for vacancy conditions, CO2 emissions, cost, lead-time, etc., of each available logistics mode, and by promoting
widespreadidd use off labelingl b li systemstsuchh as Eco
E Rail
R il Mark,M k “visualization”“ ili ti ” off greenhousehgas emissions
i icauseddb
by cargo ttransportt will
ill beb advanceddd further,f th
thereby providing cargo owners with an environment in which they can easily obtain information for selecting an appropriate logistics modes and companies.

Contribution of Manufacturingand Logistics Industries

Active introduction of SCM to strengthen partnerships with other related companies.
Presentation of all necessary information for overall optimization.

Contribution of Cargo Owners

Selection of transportation means with as low CO2 emissions as possible

I f t tInfrastructure
Preparation
Pti

Low Carbon Logistics Realization Period

SCM Promotion Period
Disclosure of CO2 emissions for all
logistics companies
Completion of infrastructure construction
for cargo arterial networks

Barriers

Future Objectives

Evaluation of SCM investment versus result, announcement of superior cases
A limited number ofcompanies
participate in SCM

Thorough removal
of waste by SCM

Support for lowering the SCM introduction expenses
Promotion of standardization of Japanese electronic information transfer system

Infrastructureenhancement
for railroad &marine logistics

Unification of the standards for containers
Insufficient
infrastructure for
cargo
transportation

Support for development of infrastructures

Realization of
seamless logistics
networks

Property tax reductions on railroad and ship
Carbon tax imposed on transportation energy

Lack of incentives
for realizing low
carbon logistics

2000

Promotion of awareness for emissions of each logistics transportation mode

Local logistics
by high-efficiency
vehiclesBroadening the coverage of top-runner system and low carbonization of logistics mode
2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

7. Pedestrian Friendly City Design
Future Objectives[Public Transport Linking Central Urban Areas] Facilities with high frequency of usage are located within central urban areas, while others with low frequency ofusage are located somewhat away from those areas, assuring convenient city structures in each region. In addition, the central areas of all regions areconnected with each other by public transportation networks, allowing for convenient use of public transportation.
[Safe Walking Areas] Areas open to pedestrians and cyclists throughout the day are established in many sections of cities and suburbs. Since through traffic of cars
and trucks are prohibited within these areas, persons in wheelchair and “senior car” (electric assistant scooter) can safely and comfortably travel.
[Lightweight Electric Passenger Vehicles] Automobile vehicles are primarily driven in areas with relatively low-density land use, being used in combination withpublic transportation, park-and-ride, shared-taxi, carsharing and other approaches. Moreover, the standard types of vehicles are motor driven cars withbatteries or fuel cells. The energy storage devices (secondary batteries, hydrogen storage devices) for these electric vehicles are highly advanced. This,
together with the lightening of car bodies realized by the development of high-tensile steel, has greatly improved the operational energy efficiency of these cars.
Many of the battery-car users perform quick charging at home, but there are some users who frequently use an exchange service for pre-charged car batteries
for convenience.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[Planning Period] In order to make citizens understand the public nature of land and to carry out city planning that is based on a medium to long term perspective,
perspective
in cooperation with the citizens, the government needs to establish a plan for land use and transportation with a clear statement about the shift towards
concentrated land use appropriate for a low carbon society and declining population. In addition, through establishing it as the master plan for city planning and
as a comprehensive plan, improvements on land use and transportation infrastructure, that reflect low carbon perspective, will be made. Moreover, in order topromote the widespread use of motor driven cars, researches will be performed to develop energy storage devices (high-efficiency secondary batteries,h dhydrogenstoragetddevices,ietc.)t ) andd lilighter
ht car bodies
b di as wellll as tot improveitheth efficiency
ffi i
off public
bli ttransportation.
t ti[City Structure Reform Period] Special tax reduction measures will be introduced to central urban areas to induce effective land use and to accumulate facilities withhigh frequency of usage in areas within close proximity of public transportation. In addition, by adopting the vertical separation method that separates
construction and maintenance of infrastructure from its operation, financial support will be distributed to many regional cities to promote introduction ofg Rail Transit ((LRT)) and so forth. Moreover,, for transportationpby
y car,, incentives for low carbonization will be ggiven to car owners in various
commercial Light
aspects including the introduction of the green tax system, that promotes selection of vehicles with low environmental load throughout their lifecycle, as well as
the establishment of priority lanes and parking spaces for these cars. For widely popular motor driven cars, strategies will be formed to ensure the supply ofnecessary amount of rare metals for secondary batteries, fuel cells and motors, while simultaneously conducting researches for alternative materials.
[Permeation Period] In some areas, the possibility for realizing a low carbon community will become clear, and its charm will attract people to move into the areas
when
h th
they needd tto rebuild
b ild theirth i houses,htherebyth b fforming
i concentratedt t d residential
id ti l areas. R
Regarding
di means off personall ttransportation,t ti
reductiond ti iin sizei anddweight of the devices will improve further, expanding the market shares of such intra-urban transportation means as electric cars, electric wheelchairs, electric
assisted bicycles and i-REAL.

Contribution of Citizens

Participation in the planning and execution of a medium to long term plans for land use andtransportation that are appropriate for a low carbon society.

Contribution of Retailers

Active participation in reforming and process of shifting to central urban areas.

City Structure
Reform Period

Planning Period

Permeation Period
Use of public transportation system : +10%
F t andFootd otherth means : +10%
10%
Average distance of travel by car : -10%

Barriers
Lack of consideration
for low carbonization incity planning

Creation and implementation of a master plan for low carbon city planning by municipalities and citizens
Public transport
linking central
urban areas

Costs including land
usage fees arecheaper in suburbs

Introduction of tax systems to promote the effective use of central urban areas

Economic aspectsof publictransportation

Introduction of the vertical separation method (infrastructure construction by the government and assistance on its cost)

Various issues
regarding motor
driven cars

Lack ofcompetitivenessagainst gasolinepowered cars

2000

Future Objectives

Safe walking areas
R&D support and investment for development of high-efficiency secondary batteries and lighter vehicle bodies
Rare metal stock assessment

Resources supply assurance, development of recycling technologies

Green tax system to promote diffusion of vehicles with low environmental load, strengthening of fuel regulation

Lightweight
electric passenger
vehiclesIntroduction and expansion of priority lanes and parking lots for vehicles with low environmental load

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

8. Low-Carbon Electricity
Future Objectives[Low Loss and Low Environmental Impact] In both coal-fired and natural gas power generations, combined cycles of ultra-supercritical turbines have become
standard, achieving efficiency of over 55% in all power plants. There are also large-scale, advanced power plants that have achieved more than 60% efficiency.
In addition, carbon capture and storage (CCS) equipments are installed to prevent as much CO2 discharge into the outside air as possible. As such, theefficient systems for converting primary energy into secondary energy have become widely diffused.
[Grid network for Enhanced Utilization of Renewable Energy] Together with large-scale solar power generators and wind power generators, output power leveling
equipments such as batteries and hydrogen generators are installed to control their influences on the power system to a certain degree.
[Appropriate Utilization of Nuclear Energy] Nuclear power plants are established based on agreements made between the government, electric companies and thecitizens while taking into account the likely changes in the demand for and supply of electricity as well as development of other power-generating
power generating technologies
technologies.
With mandatory requirement for total disclosure of safety-related information, appropriate waste management is carried out. Taking into account theperspective for the prevention of international nuclear proliferation, maintenance and operation are performed at the appropriate levels.
[Energy Transport Network without Loss] For the central transmission grid within a jurisdiction area, ultra-high voltage transmission grid capable of transmitting 1
million volts is laid out. For transmission lines among electric power companies and between nuclear power generation facilities and places of high demand,
extra-highg voltageg direct-current transmission is employedp y to reduce as much transmission loss as p
possible.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[Shared Future Vision Period] Through partnerships among the government
government, electric companies and consumers,
consumers a system for having discussion on and sharing
perspectives about the appropriate power supply over a medium-to-long term will be constructed. Based on these discussions, industries, academic sector, thegovernment and the civilian sector will, in a collaboration with each other, promote the development of various technologies (ultra-supercritical turbines, ultrahigh voltage electricity supply technology, CCS with low loss, technologies for management of electricity quality and so forth) that are essential for realizing thefuture objectives. Simultaneously, supply of low carbon electricity will be prescribed by some political measures such as guidelines and incentives to actors
other than the prepre-existing
existing electric companies for entry and cooperation. Regarding nuclear power generation, the operation and maintenance practice incooperation with safety-assurance organizations and under the watch of appropriate information disclosure system will be strengthened. Moreover, efforts will
be made to achieve proper awareness of nuclear power generation among the general public through communication with non-specialists. Furthermore,concerning the burden share of maintenance fees for quality electricity caused by introduction of renewable energy, the fee charging system for electricity will
be reviewed thoroughly so as to pass on the maintenance fees to consumers while minimizing its influence on those with low income.
[Low Carbon Power Needs Expansion Period] To enable individuals to directly select an electric company
company, revisions will be made in the regulatory regime
regime. At thesame time, taxation systems related to electricity will be modified to become pro-environment. Through this, needs for low carbon electricity among consumers
will increase, resulting in added values of low carbon power plants and transmission loss reduction. Technological developments will take place to realize
practical applications of the CCS technology, ultra-high efficiency power generating technology and ultra-high voltage transmission technology roughly during
this period. Based on long term guidelines, at the timing of upgrading infrastructure equipments of the power systems, electric companies will make progresson conversion to transmission lines with low loss
loss, introduction of long distance direct current power lines as well as on capacity expansion of the transmission
systems, thereby creating electricity distribution networks that are with low energy loss and can readily accept renewable energies.
[Low Carbon Power Supply Period] At the same time as promoting the diffusion of various highly efficient technologies that have been developed and verified until
now, CO2 reduction technologies will be introduced to all of the newly-built power plants.

Contribution of Power Companies

Stable nuclear power management and thorough information disclosure regarding the upper limit ofrenewable energy introduction

Contribution of Power Consumers

Selection of low carbon electricity

Low Carbon
Power Needs
Expansion Period

Shared Future
PeriodLow Carbon Power Supply Period

Realization of zero-emission
power generation
Barriers
Lack of mechanism
to pass on thecosts to create andintroduce highefficiency
technologies
Verification ofstorage stability andsafety through CO2
storage test
Loss caused byexisting powertransmission
networks
Influence on qualityof power systems
due to installed
renewable energy
facilities

2000

Future Objectives
Agreement on the necessity of low carbon power supply (prescribed by political measures)
Fundamental review of charging system for power and cost allocation among different consumer groups

Low energy loss &low environmental
impactIntroduction of system for selection of electric company by individuals
Development and safety evaluation of CCS technology
Promotion of CCS installation to thermal power generation stations

GridG
id network
t
k for
f
utilization ofrenewable energy

Technology development for ultra
ultra-highhigh voltage transmission and extra
extra-efficientefficient power generation

Appropriate
Ai
Utilization of
nuclear energy

Staged high-voltage transmission network

Energy transport
network
without loss

Expansion of distribution capacity

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

9. Local Renewable Resources for Local Demand
Future Objectives[Life Supported by the Sun] Low cost photovoltaic systems are installed in all residences and buildings. Since they are designed not to spoil the aesthetic aspect,
it is possible to install them on various parts of buildings including the roof, walls and windows. In many cases, photovoltaic are installed in not only
residences and buildings but also in fallow lands for the purpose of selling the generated power
power.
[Regional Symbol Wind Power] On land, installation of large scale windmills have become common practice at locations with favorable wind conditions including
the coastlines, plateaus, arable lands, and grazing lands. Having been introduced with serious consideration for the eco-system, in some regions they havebecome regional symbols. On the oceans, large scale ocean wind farms comprising relatively large windmills are in place, converting the generated energy
into a storable and transportable form such as hydrogen which then is collected regularly.
[Local Production and Consumption of Renewable Energy] Solar power generators and wind power generators are equipped with energy storage devices,
enabling stable electricity supply. A part of generated electricity is used for the hydrogen production, which in turn is supplied to fuel cells in residences andoffices and even to fuel cell vehicles. Also, beyond individual energy storage systems, some regions have their own electricity supply systems that adjust
demand and supply of electricity within the regions by joint utilization of solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen, geothermal power generations as well as small andy p
As a result, the volume of p
power ggeneration from renewable energy
gy has reached approximately
pp
y 15%~20% of total electricityymedium scale hydropower.
demand.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[Cost Reduction Period] For the diffusion of renewable energy including solar power generation and wind power generation, various kinds of technology
development programs will be reinforced in order to address the greatest immediate challenge of cost reduction. Also, for cost reduction to realize, scale
merits of mass diffusion is also effective. To support this end, electric companies’ purchasing price for generated electricity (or excess electricity) fromrenewable source will be increased. Installation will be supported further by ensuring the purchasing price at the time of installation for a fixed period (e.g., 1525 yyears).
) Even though
g the purchasingg price will be reduced annuallyy due to reduction of various systemycosts, reductions will be performed following
g a clearannouncement of long-term changes in the purchasing price so that renewable energy generation companies can make safe capital investment. On the other
hand, the large scale introduction of renewable energy may possibly cause influence on voltage and frequency of power systems. Thus, technology
development for storing energy will be promoted to support the establishment of electricity storage technology and hydrogen production technology that are
low in cost, small in size and high in quality. Furthermore, certain amount of subsidies will be given to electric companies when they enhance electric lines andmake other capital investments to improve quality of power systems. At the same time, publicity activities will be performed to promote public understandingof passing on the additional maintenance costs of high quality electricity to consumers through electricity charges.
[Autonomous and grid-independent System Diffusion Period] For new installation of solar power generators and wind power generators, while making it
mandatory to install them in combination with energy storage systems, subsidies will be given for installation of the energy storage systems. By doing so,
diffusion of autonomous and grid-independent system for renewable energy generation will be promoted while minimizing its influence on existent powersystems.
[System Integration Period] In addition to the individual energy storage systems equipped onto solar power generators and wind power generators, deliberations
will be made as to what the most appropriate combination may be with other distributed power sources and hydrogen energy systems, while taking into
account the regional climate as well as local energy demand and supply. By supporting the construction of an appropriate electric power supply network ineach region to accommodate local electricity generation, efforts will be made to reduce the overall system cost.
Contribution at Home andBuildings

Active introduction of renewable energy (e.g., solar power generation).

Contribution of Power
Companies

Taking into account the possible expansion of renewable energy when enhancing electric power systems.

Autonomous
SystemDiffusion Period

Cost Reduction Period

System Integration Period

Power generation by renewable energy :15 20% off electricity
15~20%
l t i it ddemanddBarriers

Future Objectives
Strengthening of technology development for renewable energy

Compared to otherelectric sources,
the cost of power
generation is highLife supportedby the sun

Strengthening of renewable energy purchasing system
Promotion of public understanding regarding passing on the maintenance costs to electricity charges

Influence on qualityof power systems(voltage/frequency)

Regional symbol
wind power

Introduction of subsidies for infrastructure construction to maintain quality of power systems
Technological development of energy storage systems

The cost of energy
storage system,
varioustechnological issues

Mandatory installation of energy storage system with solar/wind power generators

Local production& consumption ofrenewable energy

Subsidies for installation of energy storage system
Support for construction of local electricity network

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

10. Next Generation Fuels
Future Objectives 1[Dominance of Low Carbon Hydrogen] In addition to by-product hydrogen generated by industrial processes, hydrogen is produced at reforming plants with CCS
y at ocean wind farms. The productionpmethods that do not cause ggreenhouse ggas emissions have become dominant. In addition, theand byy electrolysis
hydrogen produced is transported mainly through pipelines to be used for logistics, power supply adjustment and fuel for fuel cells.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps 1[Planning and Verification Period] With future hydrogen demand in mind, plans will be made for hydrogen supply and production center allocations, taking into
account the regions with high demand so that the necessary infrastructures can be minimized. First, some areas in which the use of hydrogen is relatively
easier will be chosen; they need to have pre-existing hydrogen production facilities, such as by-product hydrogen source from some existing plants. Withinthese limited areas, necessary infrastructures for hydrogen transportation and storage will be constructed, and supply of hydrogen will be commenced. As oneof the supply
pp y destinations,, fuel cell buses will be in operationparound these regions.
gSimultaneously,y, hydrogeny g utilization technologiesgwill be improvedpfurtherto achieve lower cost and higher efficiency. Furthermore, based on the hydrogen supply plan, support will be given to the development of technologies that arenecessary from a long-term perspective, including hydrogen production from renewable energy, hydrogen storage and transportation technologies.
[Expanded Introduction Period] At the same time as expanding the hydrogen-supply areas based on the hydrogen production center allocation plan, support will begiven to encourage the connectivity among these areas. For example, public funding will be provided for preparation of infrastructures for arterial hydrogentransport
p ppipelinesp
between a hydrogeny g p
production center and large
g consumption
pareas. On the other hand,, low carbon hydrogeny g p
production will be madedominant by introducing financial incentives such as preferential tax measures according to the emission units of hydrogen produced.

Planning and Verification Period

Expanded Introduction Period
Volume of hydrogen supplied : 100 billion Nm3

Barriers

Future Objectives
Establishment of hydrogen center allocation plan and supply plan

High costs offhydrogenproduction, storage,transportation,utilization

Verification tests in certain regions
Dominance oflow carbonhydrogenSupport for technology development based on hydrogen supply plan
Public funding to infrastructure construction for hydrogen supply
Financial incentives such as preferential tax measures

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Future Objectives 2[Stable Supply of Biofuels] Biomass production and utilization plans suitable for each region are created, and food, lumber, animal feed and so forth are produced
according to the plans. At the same time, the waste-type biomass generated within each region is also utilized to the full extent. Although shortfall within Japan iscovered by importation from overseas, an international agreement on the management of biomass resources is concluded to ensure pro-environmental
production method and low environmental loadload. In cases where liquid fuels are desired
desired, as in fuels for logistics
logistics, liquid fuels derived from biomass are used on apriority basis. Moreover, the market share of bioenergy for heat and electricity is on the increase.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps 2[Utilization Expansion, Cost Reduction Period] Although expansion of biomass utilization is sought in many regions, the high costs of collecting and transporting thematerials and energy conversion make it difficult. To add to that, the existing restrictions hinder the utilization of low quality bioenergy and energy production by
mixed processing of biomass. Along with lowering of the costs and relaxing of the regulations, it is necessary to assure that energy is supplied in a sustainable
way by the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods and so forth.
[Expanded Introduction Period] The synergy between a region’s agricultural and forestry plan and energy demand/supply plan will be strengthened. Through zoning
with consideration for land application, the self-sufficiency for food, lumber and energy of the region will be increased, thereby introducing an additional value of
local sustainability to the products. Development and cost reduction of biomass-conversion technologies should be performed on a perspective that includes
biomass utilization in not only Japan but entire Asia. Although shortfall within Japan is covered by importation from overseas, support will be given for
construction of an international framework to properly evaluate the environmental load during the production processes.
Utilization Expansion,
Cost Reduction Period

E
Expandedd d IIntroductiont d ti P
Periodi dPercentage of biomass supply in primary energy : 10%

Barriers

A standstillbioenergy use
within Japan
Unstable
importation of
bioenergy

2000

Future Objectives
E bli hEstablishment
off regionalil planslffor promotion
i off bibiomass utilization
ili iRelaxation of regulations and cost reduction in certain regions
Stronger synergy between plans for agriculture/forestry and regional energy, proper zoning
S
Supportt for
f construction
t ti off international
i ttil frameworkfkDevelopment and cost reduction of biomass conversion technology with Asia-wide perspective
2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Stable supplyof biofuels11. Labeling to Encourage Smart and rational Choices
Future Objectives[Visualization of Energy-saving
Energy saving Efficiency] For residences and offices, digital meters (smart meters) for electricity and gas usage are introduced widely, enabling
accurate and real-time calculation of energy consumption and CO2 emissions for usage of each device. In addition, all newly-built houses and offices comewith LCS navigation system. Besides performing automatic control of air-conditioning and lighting equipments, this system displays obtained information in auser-friendly way, providing advices for enhanced energy savings and CO2 reduction in accordance with the activity pattern and lifestyle of each consumer.
Many of these systems are provided in combination with various services including functions for assuring security and comfort of the elderly and monitoring
functions for security at homes and offices.
[Visualization of Environmental Information of Products] At the time of purchasing a product, consumers can retrieve easy-to-read information regarding eachproduct’s environmental efficiency (such as lifecycle environmental load) and various merits of selecting the product by scanning its tag using a mobile terminal.
Moreover, for electric appliances, their operational conditions are sent to their manufacturers via a network so that the owners can receive appropriate
directions (advices for repairs, upgrading, disposal methods, etc.) from the manufacturers.

Implementation barriers and Strategic Steps[Foundation Preparation Period] In order to achieve widespread installation of smart meters that form the foundation for the LCS navigation systemsystem, a clear
diffusion target (such as installation to all residences and offices within 5 years, etc.) will be established, followed by publicity campaigns to consumers andfinancial support for introduction costs to electricity companies. On the other hand, in collaboration with retailers including convenience stores, supermarkets,
co-ops and electronic stores, displaying of lifecycle environmental load information (carbon labeling) will be done on those products for which information canbe easily obtained (such as products designed by the retailers). At the same time, manufacturers willing to participate in these systems will be recruited widely
to steadily increase the range of products for displaying environmental information, thereby progressing the accumulation of necessary data and know-how forlabeling. For the system planning, standards for the calculation method for environmental load and the details of labeling display will be created. Furthermore, acarbon labeling certification system operated by a third party will be in place to ensure that the consumers can compare environmental loads of multiple
products with unified indices.
[System Introduction and Integration Period] For development of the LCS navigation system that integrates and displays various information, it is crucial tothoroughly comprehend the needs of the users from the developmental stage. Thus, potential system users will be selected for hearing sessions to grasp theirneeds.
d B
Based
d on thesehneeds,
d didiscussion
i sessionsi
ffor a numberb off ddevelopers,lexperts andd users will
ill b
be h
held.
ld B
Based
d on theh specifications
ifi iddeterminedi d iin thesehsessions, system developers will be recruited openly. While giving incentives for developing the system to the system developers by grasping the needs ofusers and ensuring a certain level of demand, efforts will be made to pursue the realization of system designs with desired functions, price, and entertainment
features. Furthermore, for home electronics and office equipments, manufacturers will be obligated to equip their products with an information communication
function to transmit environmental information, and the unification of systems will be promoted so that information of all equipments will be available on the
LCS navigation systemsystem.
[Incentive Introduction Period ] Through utilization of the carbon labeling system and LCS navigation system, the government and companies will introduce
incentive systems for reduction of environmental load of individuals and businesses. The resulting enhancement in environmental awareness amongindividuals and businesses will then permeate low carbon lifestyles and business-styles.

Contribution of System Users

Active introduction of LCS navigation system, practicing low carbon lifestyle.

Contribution of System
Developers

Develop a product that matches users’ demand.

Foundation Preparation
PeriodSystemIntroduction/
Integration
PeriodIncentive Introduction Period

Introduction rate of LCS Navigation
System in home and office : 100%
Future Objectives

Barriers

P
Promotion
ti ffor widespreadidd use off smartt meterst(publicity( bli it campaigns,
ifi
financiali l supportt ffor iinstallation)
t ll ti )Data collection ofenergyconsumption andCO2 emissions foreach activity

Visualization ofenergy-saving
efficiency

Planning and development of technological features of LCS navigation system
Visualization ofenvironmental
information of
products

Obligation of IC device installation on home appliances and office equipments
Integration of dataon energy
consumption andCO2 emissions
from various
devices

Empirical introduction of carbon labelingg and recruiting
g of companies for participation

Standardization of product environmental information, introduction of carbon labeling certification

Introduction of incentives for environmental load reduction based on visualization

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

12. Low Carbon Society Leadership
Future Objectives[Nurturing of Specialists] With the number of researchers and specialists of global warming who belong to a university, graduate school or research institutereaching nearly ten thousand
thousand, understanding about countermeasure technologies against global warming have advanced
advanced. Moreover
Moreover, “lowlow carbon advisors”
advisors
are professionally active in the society; they have extensive knowledge about global warming and provide multifaceted advices to reduce CO2 emissions athome and in business activities. The number of persons with this certification exceeds fifty thousand.
[Sharing of Knowledge and Information] The basic knowledge of global warming and its various countermeasures are disseminated to persons of all generations
through environmental education at school, training sessions at companies and so forth. In addition, all types of media including TV broadcasting andnewspapers always provide new information such as findings gained through the latest researches. Other than that, by organizing various environmental
events and online information exchanges regarding practice of eco-life, information and knowledge for establishing a low carbon lifestyle and business-style
are being shared to a greater extent.
[Permeation of Low Carbon Lifestyle and Business-style] It has become natural for even the general public to have correct science-based awareness about global
warming and to practice a low carbon lifestyle or businessbusiness-style
style based on that knowledge.
knowledge Furthermore,
Furthermore an increasing number of people are making voluntaryactions to realize a low carbon society, actively participating in city planning and local administration of their own and neighborhood regions.

Implementation Barriers and Strategic Steps[Education Style Establishment Period] Educational materials and curricula will be created to match the age of learners. Moreover, to cause child-to-parent andchild-to-sibling spill-over effect of dissemination of environmental awareness, educational programs that require participation of parents and children will be
developed. On the other hand, to improve the knowledge level among teachers, a subject related to environmental problems will be added to the employment
examinationi ti ffor tteachers,hiin addition
dditi tot organizing
i i environmentalit l trainingt i i sessionsiforf teachers.
thTo
T constructt t theth certification
tifi ti system
t
for
f low
l
carbonb societyi tadvisors, experts will be gathered for discussions. In cooperation with NGOs and companies, provision of proper information to the general public will beachieved through holding of environmental events and training sessions as well as construction of websites for providing and exchanging information.
[Environmental Education Permeation Period] In educational institutions from elementary, junior-high to senior-high schools, environmental education will become
a compulsory subject,subject implementing various educational programs.
programs Along with the introduction of certification system for low carbon society advisors
advisors, special
courses for obtaining the certification will be established in universities and graduate schools. Furthermore, for companies, hiring of a certain number of low
carbon society advisor certification holders will be mandatory, and directions will be given to make all the employees attend sessions by low carbon advisors
regularly.
[[Stable Education Effect Period]] The need for countermeasures againstgenvironmental problems
pwill permeatepto the citizens, and when introducing
g a new
countermeasure, effective and appropriate education and publicity activities will be performed. Educational materials will be continuously revised based on
new findings. Furthermore, in order to assure continuous interest of the citizens in environmental problems, opportunities will be provided for them to havediscussions on environmental education, environmental administration and so forth.

Contribution of Schools,
Companies and NGOs

Transmission of information based on the latest scientific findings.
Innovations to assure continued interest in environmental problems.

Contribution of Citizens

Continuous interest in and sharing of information on environmental problems.
Voluntary participation in creation of a low carbon society.

Education
Style
Establishment

Environmental Education
Permeation Period

Stable Education
Effect Period
Low carbon society
advisors : 50,000 people

Barriers
Lack of know-how
for implementing
effective
environmental
education program
Insufficient
provision of
information to
citizens
Insufficientknowledge
g of andeducation forenvironment among
teachers

Future Objectives
Development of various education programs and analysis of their effectiveness

Compulsory environment class from elementary to senior-high school
Sharing of
knowledge &Information

Holding of environmental events and sessions
Addition of environmental subject to employment examination for teachers
I l
Implementationt ti off environmentalit l trainingt i i sessionsi
ffor tteachershPermeation of
low carbon lifestylePlanning and introduction of low carbon society advisors certification

Low environmental
awareness inicompany
management

2000

Nurturing ofspecialists

Development of educational materials and curricula appropriate for learners’ age

Mandatory hiring of low carbon society advisors

PermeationPti offlow carbon
business-style

Establishment of courses for low carbon society advisor in universities
2010

2020

2030

2040

2050