Japan EPD Program by SuMPOGeneral Program Instructions

Document ID: JG-01-07
Sustainable Management Promotion Organization

JG-01-07

Revision history
Version

Date

Pages

Details

07

1 April 2022-

Modifications due to changes in the program name.

06

1 January 2020

805

1 October 2019-04

16 February 2018

4, 6, 10Added descriptions about system certification
Modifications due to changes in the program
operator.
Revised the types of base unit data and reorganizedterms in the supplements.

03

28 April 2017-02

31 January 2014

4, 16

01

1 August 2013-

Overall revision due to integration of the EcoLeaf
Programme and the CFP Program.
Added details about CFP Program registration andpublication of quantitative results of the EcoLeaf
Programme.
Document created. The EcoLeaf Environmental
Labelling Guidelines and Carbon Footprint
Communication Program Basic Document have beencombined and reissued, based on the review of the
EcoLeaf and Carbon Footprint Communication
Program management integration.

1

Table of Contents
1. Objectives and basic structure of the Program ........................................................................ 1
1.1 Standards cited...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Basic structure of the Program ............................................................................................ 1
1.3.1 Operational framework of the Program........................................................................ 2
1.3.2 Approach to the responsibilities of each interested party participating in the Program................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.3 Scope of the Program...................................................................................................... 3
1.3.4 Mechanisms to ensure the reliability of the Program ................................................. 4
2. Quantification and declaration of product environmental information ................................. 4
2.1 Environmental information provided by the Program ....................................................... 4
2.2 Quantitative basis ................................................................................................................. 4
2.2.1 Quantified information .................................................................................................. 4
2.2.2 Calculation method ........................................................................................................ 5
2.2.3 Units of quantification ................................................................................................... 5
2.2.4 Basic unit** data and characterisation coefficients to be used................................... 5
2.3 Basis of declaration ............................................................................................................... 5
2.3.1 Efforts by businesses making a declaration ................................................................. 6
2.3.2 Caution when making a declaration ............................................................................. 6
2.3.3 Handling of comparisons in declarations...................................................................... 6
2.4 PCR development, certification, and verification, and procedure for registration andpublication of declarations.......................................................................................................... 6
2.4.1 Development and revisions of PCR ............................................................................... 6
2.4.2 Verification ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.4.3 Registration and publication of declarations................................................................ 7
2.5 Registered reviewers, internal verifiers, and system certification bodies ........................ 7
2.5.1 Requirements for registered reviewers and internal verifiers .................................... 7
2.5.2 Requirements for system certification bodies .............................................................. 8
3. Document management.............................................................................................................. 8
4. Ethical standards and handling of confidential information .................................................. 8
5. Fee structure ............................................................................................................................... 9
6. Response to objections and complaints ..................................................................................... 9
7. Program operator ........................................................................................................................ 9
Supplement ................................................................................................................................... 10

JG-01-07
This document specifies the objectives, products subject to declaration, operating framework,
procedures, etc., of Japan EPD Program by SuMPO (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Program’),operated and administered by Sustainable Management Promotion Organization(hereinafter referred to as the ‘SuMPO’).
1. Objectives and basic structure of the Program
1.1 Standards cited
This program cites the following standards, which constitute part of the Program:ISO 14025:2006 -- Environmental labels and declarations -- Type III environmental
declarations -- Principles and proceduresISO 14040: 2006 -- Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Principles
and frameworkISO 14044: 2006 -- Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -Requirements and guidelines



ISO/TS 14067: 2013 -- Carbon footprint of products -- Requirements and guidelines forquantification and communication



ISO/TS 14027:2017 -- Environmental labels and declarations -- Development of productcategory rules

1.2 Objectives
The following two approaches will be taken:(1) Quantitative visualisation (quantification) of environmental information, such as
global warming impact throughout the life cycle of a product, based on calculation
methods that ensure reliability and transparency(2) Promotion of mutual understanding (communication) between providers (businesses)
and users (stakeholders including consumers and businesses) based on informationthat is ‘visualised’, in order to make efforts to reduce environmental impacts
The objectives of this program are:
 For businesses: to implement further measures for reduction and fulfil their social
responsibilities.
 For consumers: to make lifestyle changes to reduce their own environmental impacts.
1.3 Basic structure of the Program
The Program is operated with the following basic structure, where each component has
defined criteria, procedures, etc.
(1) Development, approval, and publication of Product Category Rules (PCR) that form
the basic rules for calculation and declaration of product type(2) Verification of calculation results and declarations for individual products (product-toproduct verification and system certification)1

JG-01-07(3) Registration and publication of declarations
There are two types of declarations that users can select: EcoLeaf, a Type III
environmental declaration for multiple environmental aspects, and Carbon Footprint of
Products (hereinafter referred to as ‘CFP’), a CFP declaration of global warming impact
only.
EcoLeaf follows the standards ISO 14025:2006 (Environmental labels and declarations -Type III environmental declarations -- Principles and procedures) and the ISO14040
Series: Life cycle Assessment (LCA).
CFP follows the standard ISO/TS 14067:2013 (Carbon footprint of products—
Requirements and guidelines for quantification and communication). Several options andcommunication methods are considered in ISO/TS 14067:2013, but CFP only covers ‘CFP
communication intended to be publicly available’.
PCR follows the standard ISO/TS 14027:2017 (Environmental labels and declarations -Development of PCR).
The Program provides quantitative environmental information obtained over a product’s
entire life cycle. It does not express judgments of environmental superiority.
1.3.1 Operational framework of the Program
The Program operator is responsible for the proper operation and administration of thisProgram and ensures reliability, transparency, and fairness with respect to Program
documents and individual audit results through consultations with the advisory board aswell as deliberations by various review panels.
(1) Advisory board
Provides advice regarding the operation and administration of this Program and thecreation and revision of this document in order to guarantee the reliability, transparency,
and fairness of the Program. Working Groups (hereinafter referred to as ‘WG’) are alsoestablished under the advisory board as necessary to identify and sort out technicalproblems and issues that arise in the operation of the Program, and to provide advice sothat these are reflected in the Program.
Refer to the following document for rules regarding the establishment and operationof the advisory board.
JR-02 Advisory Board Establishment and Operation Rules(2) Review Panel
The Review Panel issues ‘final decisions on PCR approvals’, ‘final decisions on individual
basic unit data (registered data) to be additionally registered’, ‘confirmation of verification2

JG-01-07
results concerning the “product-to-product verification method”, which is one of theverification methods in the Program’, and ‘confirmation of review results concerning the“system certification method”.
Refer to the following document for rules regarding the review panel.
JR-03 Review Panel Establishment and Operation Rules
1.3.2 Approach to the responsibilities of each interested party participating in the
Program
To ensure the smooth execution of the Program, it is important to clarify the respective
responsibilities of contributing stakeholders. These are as follows:-Businesses participating in the Program: Responsible for the contents of EcoLeaf
and CFP quantification and declaration.

-

Review Panel: Responsible for conducting PCR reviews based on PCR approval
criteria, according to the established procedure-

Verifiers: Responsible for performing verification based on verification criteria,
according to the established procedure-

System certification auditors: Responsible for performing audits based on thesystem certification audit criteria, according to the established procedure

1.3.3 Scope of the Program(1) Subjects of declaration
The subjects of communication using a declaration are the stakeholders, including
product manufacturers, vendors, agents, service providers, as well as consumers andbusinesses that use publicly available information.
(2) Range of products covered by the Program
The range of products covered by the Program includes everything from commodities
and other industrial goods, consumer durables, food, and other agricultural produce, toservices, etc. This may include intermediate goods, not just final goods.
(3) Range of participants in the Program(a) Product manufacturers, vendors, and agents, as well as service providers, canregister and publish declarations.
(b) All stakeholders* involved in the Program can make proposals for PCRdevelopment.
* Types of stakeholders(1) Product manufacturers, vendors, and agents(2) Service providers and agents3

JG-01-07(3) Buyers of products and services (customers)(4) General consumers(5) Administrative authorities(6) Other parties directly involved in the Program work
(4) Program implementation regions
This Program is designed to apply primarily to communications within Japan. However,this does not restrict participation by or communications with other countries.
In principle, applications should be prepared in Japanese. However, applications
submitted in other languages may be accepted as necessary.
1.3.4 Mechanisms to ensure the reliability of the Program
Since declarations of the Program are used for communication with stakeholders, it isnecessary to ensure that the information provided is reliable. Therefore, when adeclaration is made, its reliability, transparency, and fairness must be ensured throughthe following measures:(1) Use of PCR
The Program uses PCR. PCR are basic rules for quantification and declaration of
product type, with the purpose of providing information to stakeholders about theconditions under which declaration values are calculated, and improving understandingof the contents of communications.
(2) Enforcement of verification
The Program enforces fair and competent third-party verification of PCR-based
quantification and declaration methods, in order to ensure the reliability, transparency,
and fairness of information provided to stakeholders.
2. Quantification and declaration of product environmental information
2.1 Environmental information provided by the Program
Based on the Life Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCI) and Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA) results based on LCA, this Program provides environmental impact quantification
results as product environmental information.
2.2 Quantitative basis
2.2.1 Quantified information
EcoLeaf shall provide the quantification results of multiple environmental impacts as
product environmental information. CFP only covers calculations of greenhouse gases(hereinafter referred to as ‘GHG’) and is not applicable to the assessment of other

4

JG-01-07
environmental impacts.
2.2.2 Calculation methodLife Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCI)
In Life Cycle Inventory Analysis, consumption of resources and discharge amounts
are calculated based on data collected by the quantifier.

Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
In Life Cycle Impact Assessment, the inputs/outputs from the inventory analysis
results are distributed over the expected affected area (global warming, destructionof ozone layer, etc.) and characterized by multiplying by a characterization
coefficient evaluating the intensity of the impact on the affected area.

2.2.3 Units of quantification
The units of quantification are referred to as ‘functional units’. Functional units include‘product units’, ‘sale units’, and ‘physical units (e.g. ‘per 100 g’)’.
2.2.4 Basic unit** data and characterization coefficients to be used
The Program operator manages and provides the basic unit data as the secondary data
for the quantitation of the life cycle inventory analysis that satisfies the separately
defined criteria.
In principle, the version of IDEA specified by the Program operator is used as the“designated database” for the quantification. The use of databases other than IDEA isseparately determined.
If there is no appropriate basic unit in the above database, ‘registered data’ which meetthe criteria of the Program can be created and used if they have been approved by thereview panel.
For characterization coefficients, the characterization coefficient list in the version of
LIME specified by the Program administrator shall be used as a rule.
The validity period of the basic units used in this Program shall be five years.
Refer to the following document for rules regarding basic unit data.
JR-05 Basic Unit Data Assessment and Operation Rules** aggregated dataset (accumulated system dataset)
2.3 Basis of declaration
A declaration refers to information published on the website of this Program, based on
PCR and quantification results.
When a business issues a communication with this declaration, it should be accompanied5

JG-01-07
by use of the CFP logo or EcoLeaf logo.
2.3.1 Efforts by businesses making a declaration
Businesses making a declaration are required to make efforts to continuously reduce
their environmental impacts.
2.3.2 Caution when making a declaration
A declaration must be easy to understand for stakeholders receiving the information,and misleading expressions must be avoided.
2.3.3 Handling of comparisons in declarations
In order to enable comparisons, this Program adopts the agreements in PCR and the useof the same basic units, but declaration values must not be compared, unless approved
separately within the Program.
2.4 PCR development, certification, and verification, and procedure for registration andpublication of declarations
2.4.1 Development and revisions of PCR
A business wishing to register and publish a declaration must develop a PCR if there is
no PCR certified for the corresponding product area.
The validity period of the certified PCR shall be five years.
Anyone wishing to develop or revise a PCR must follow the rules specified in thefollowing rules.
JR-06 PCR Certification Rules
2.4.2 Verification
A business wishing to register and publish a declaration must undergo verification as
specified by the Program operator in order to confirm that the calculation results(quantitative environmental data for each product) and the proposed declaration
conform with certified PCR and the related rules. The verification methods are theproduct-to-product verification method and system certification method. The validity
period of verification shall be five years.
System certification is a verification method that audits and certifies a system forcalculation, verification, and application for publication, which is established within an
organization wishing to publish a declaration. The method is intended to ensure thereliability of calculation results and declarations.

6

JG-01-07
Refer to the following document for rules regarding the product-to-productverification method.
JR-08 Verification Rules
Refer to the following document for rules regarding the system certification method.
JR-09 System Certification Rules
2.4.3 Registration and publication of declarations
A business which has passed the verification specified in 2.4.2 must carry out thedeclaration registration and publication procedures as specified by the Program
operator.
When registering and publishing a declaration, the business must enter into anagreement preventing unauthorized use of the logos.
Should there be any significant change to the contents of the declaration, the businessregistering and publishing the declaration must create a modification proposal andsubmit it to the Program operator, along with the reason for the change.
Refer to the following document for rules regarding registration and publication ofdeclarations.
JR-10 Declaration Registration and Publication Rules
2.5 Registered reviewers, internal verifiers, and system certification bodies‘Registered reviewer’ is a general term referring to any person registered through theprocedure specified by the Program operator to perform PCR reviews or product-to-productverification tasks. ‘Internal verifier’ refers to a person who performs internal systemverification tasks.
‘The system certification body is an entity registered through the procedure specified by
the Program operator to perform system certifications, and the system certification body
constitutes the audit team with the system certification auditors.
The reliability of quantification results and declarations arising from this Program isensured through PCR review, verification, and system audits. Therefore, persons involvedin these tasks are required to maintain a certain level of competence in order to performthese roles.
2.5.1 Requirements for registered reviewers and internal verifiers
Registered reviewers and internal verifiers must maintain the level of competence
determined by the Program operator in order to perform PCR review and verification(including internal verification of systems) tasks. They must also accumulate a certain
amount of practical experience after registration by the Program operator.

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JG-01-07
The Program operator shall register persons judged to be sufficiently competent toensure the appropriate execution of Program activities in the capacity of registeredreviewers or internal verifiers.
Refer to the following document regarding the registration and competence ofregistered reviewers and internal verifiers.
JR-11 Registered Reviewer/Internal Verifier Registration and Evaluation Rules
2.5.2 Requirements for system certification bodies
System certification bodies and system certification auditors must maintain a level ofcompetence determined by the Program operator in order to perform system audit tasks.
They must also accumulate a certain amount of practical experience after registration by
the Program operator.
The Program operator shall register institutions and auditors judged to be sufficiently
competent as system certification bodies and system certification auditors, respectively.
Refer to the following document regarding the registration and competence ofsystem certification bodies and system certification auditors.
JR-12 System Certification Body Registration and Evaluation Rules
3. Document management
To ensure the smooth execution of Program operation, the Program operator shallestablish a document management system in order to specify relationships between
documents used and their intended uses. As a general rule, these documents shall be madepublicly available.
The Program operator shall also carry out periodic reviews of this Basic Document withadvice from the advisory board, etc. at least once every five years, based on the state of
execution of Program operation.
Refer to the following document for rules regarding document management.
JR-01 Document Management Rules
4. Ethical standards and handling of confidential information
The Program operator shall establish ethical standards in order to ensure that theProgram is executed fairly and without bias towards specific interests.
The Program operator and all related parties shall adhere to the following ethical rules.
Because verification tasks performed in connection with this Program may involve contact
with confidential information concerning a business’s products, the Program operator shallestablish policies for the ‘handling of confidential information’ to be observed by all parties8

JG-01-07
involved, and shall ensure that all parties involved have entered into valid non-disclosureagreements as necessary.
Refer to the following document for rules regarding ethical standards and handlingof confidential information.
JR-13 Ethics and Confidentiality Rules
5. Fee structure
Appropriate fees shall be set in order to secure the funds necessary for the smooth
operation of the Program.
Refer to the following document for rules regarding fees.
JR-14 Fee Rules
6. Response to objections and complaints
In the case of a formal objection, complaint, or dispute from any related party, the Program
operator shall respond in good faith.
A formal objection is an appeal from an organisation making a request or an organization
undergoing certification, asking for reconsideration of an adverse decision.
A complaint is an expression of dissatisfaction regarding a product or complaint-handlingprocess made towards an organization making a request or undergoing certification, which
carries an expectation of explicit or implicit handling or resolution.
Refer to the following document for rules regarding responses to objections,complaints, and disputes.
JR-15 Objection/Complaint/Dispute Management Rules
7. Program operator
The Program shall be operated and administered by:
Name: Sustainable Management Promotion Organization (SuMPO)
Address: Sumitomo Mitsui Bank Kanda-Ekimae Bldg. 2-2-1 Kaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo, Japan 101-0044

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JG-01-07
Supplement
This document specifies the terms and definitions used in ‘Ecoleaf Environmental Labelling
Program’ operated and administered by Sustainable Management Promotion Organization.
1. Terms relating to life cycle assessment
1.1 Life cycle
Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system (entry 3.2), from raw material (ISO14050:2009, 6.12) acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.1]
1.2 Life cycle assessment LCA
Compilation and evaluation of the inputs (ISO 14050:2009, 6.17), outputs (ISO 14050:2009,6.18) and the potential environmental impacts (ISO 14050:2009, 3) of a product system(entry 3.2) throughout its life cycle (entry 4.2).
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.2]
1.3 Life cycle inventory analysis LCI
Phase of life cycle assessment (entry 4.3) involving the compilation and quantification of
inputs (ISO 14050:2009, 6.17) and outputs (ISO 14050:2009, 6.18) for a product throughout
its life cycle (entry 4.2).
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.3]
1.4 Life cycle impact assessment LCIA
Phase of life cycle assessment (entry 4.3) aimed at understanding and evaluating themagnitude and significance of the potential environmental impacts (ISO 14050:2009, 3) fora product system (entry 3.2) throughout the life cycle (entry 4.2) of the product (entry 3.1).
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.4]
1.5 Life cycle interpretation
Phase of LCA in which the findings obtained from either the life cycle inventory analysis(entry 4.6) or the life cycle impact assessment (entry 4.4), or both, are evaluated in relation
to the defined goal and scope in order to reach conclusions and recommendations in the life
cycle assessment (entry 4.3).
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.5]
1.6 Sensitivity analysis
Systematic procedures for estimating the effects of the choices made regarding methods anddata on the outcome of a CFP study (entry 1.3).

10JG-01-07[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.31]
1.7 Characterization factor
Factor derived from a characterization model which is applied to convert an assigned life
cycle inventory analysis result to the common unit of the category indicator.
NOTE: The common unit allows calculation of the category indicator result.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.37]
1.8 Impact category
Class representing environmental issues of concern to which life cycle inventory analysis
results may be assigned.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.39]
1.9 Impact category indicator
Quantifiable representation of an impact category
NOTE: The shorter expression “category indicator” is used in this International
Standard for improved readability.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.40]
1.10 Cut-off criteria
Specification of the amount of material or energy flow or the level of environmental
significance associated with unit processes or product system to be excluded from a study.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.18]
2. Terms relating to product, product system, and process
2.1 ProductAny goods or service.
Note 1: The product can be categorized as follows:-

service (e.g. transport, implementation of events, electricity)-

software (e.g. computer program)-

hardware (e.g. engine mechanical part)-processed material (e.g. lubricant, ore, fuel)-unprocessed material (e.g. agricultural produce)

Note 2: Services have tangible and intangible elements. Provision of a service caninvolve, for example, the following:-

an activity performed on a customer-supplied tangible product (e.g. automobile to be
repaired)-an activity performed on a customer-supplied intangible product (e.g. the income
statement needed to prepare a tax return)11

JG-01-07-

the delivery of an intangible product (e.g. the delivery of information in the context
of knowledge transmission)-

the creation of ambiance for the customer (e.g. in hotels and restaurants)-

Software consists of information and is generally intangible and can be in the formof approaches, transactions or procedures.

Hardware is generally tangible, and its amount is a countable characteristic. Processedmaterials are generally tangible, and their amount is a continuous characteristic.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 9, modified -- "Note 1 to entry" has been modified to have"dictionary" removed from the second bullet, and "Note 3 to entry" dealing with the origin of
the definitions has been omitted.
2.2 Product system
Collection of unit processes (entry 3.6) with elementary flows (entry 3.9) and product flows(ISO 14050:2009, 6.11), performing one or more defined functions and which models the life
cycle (entry 4.2) of a product (entry 3.1).
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.28]
2.3 Intermediary productOutput from a unit process that is input to other unit processes that require furthertransformation within the system.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.23]
2.4 Waste
Substances or objects which the holder intends or is required to dispose of
Note: The definition is taken from the Basel Convention on the Control ofTransboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (22 March 1989)
but is not confined in this International Standard to hazardous waste.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.35]
2.5 Co-productAny of two or more products coming from the same unit process or product system.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.10]
2.6 Basic unit data
Aggregated dataset (accumulated system dataset).
2.7 System boundary
Set of criteria specifying which unit processes are part of a product system.
Note: The term “system boundary” is not used in this International Standard in relation12

JG-01-07
to LCIA.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.32]
2.8 Information module
Compilation of data to be used as a basis for a Type III environmental declaration (3.2),
covering a unit process or a combination of unit processes that are part of the life cycle(3.20) of a product (3.11).
[Source: ISO 14025:2006, 3.13]
2.9 Process
Set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs into outputs.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.11]
2.10 Unit process
Smallest element considered in the life cycle inventory analysis for which input, and output
data are quantified.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.34]
2.11 Functional unit
Quantified performance of a product system for use as a reference unit.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.20]
2.12 Reference flow
Measure of the outputs from processes in a given product system required to fulfil thefunction expressed by the functional unit.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.29]
2.13 Elementary flow
Material or energy entering the system being studied that has been drawn from theenvironment without previous human transformation, or material or energy leaving thesystem being studied that is released into the environment without subsequent humantransformation.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.12]
2.14 Product category
Group of products (3.11) that can fulfil equivalent functions.
[Source: ISO 14025:2006, 3.12]
2.15 Product category rules, PCR

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JG-01-07
Set of specific rules, requirements and guidelines for developing Type III environmental
declarations (3.2) for one or more product categories (3.12).
[Source: ISO 14025:2006, 3.5]
2.16 Service life
Period of time during which a product (entry 3.1) in use meets or exceeds the performancerequirements.
[Source: ISO 15686-1:2000, 1.1, modified - More general wording has been used.]
3. Terms relating to data and data quality
3.1 primary data
Quantified value of a unit process (entry 3.6) or an activity within the product system(entry 3.2) obtained from a direct measurement or a calculation based on direct
measurements at its original source.
Note: Primary data need not necessarily originate from a product system (entry 3.2)
under study.
3.2 Site-specific data
Data obtained from a direct measurement or a calculation based on direct measurements at
its original source within the product system (entry 3.2).
Note: All site-specific data are "primary data" (entry 7.1), but not all primary data aresite-specific data, because these may also relate to a different product system (entry 3.2).
3.3 Secondary data
Data obtained from sources other than a direct measurement or a calculation based on
direct measurements at the original source within the product system (entry 3.2).
Note 1 to entry: Such sources can include databases, published literature, national
inventories and other generic sources.
3.4 Uncertainty
Parameter associated with the result of quantification which characterizes the dispersion of
the values that could be reasonably attributed to the quantified amount.
Note 1 to entry: Uncertainty information typically specifies quantitative estimates of thelikely dispersion of values, and a qualitative description of the likely causes of thedispersion.
[Source: ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.37]
4. Terms relating to greenhouse gases
4.1 Greenhouse gas GHG

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JG-01-07
Gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs andemits radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted
by the earth's surface, the atmosphere, and clouds.
Note: Water vapor and ozone are anthropogenic but, similarly to natural greenhousegases, are not included as recognized greenhouse gases due to difficulties in isolating thehuman-induced component of global warming attributable to their presence in theatmosphere.
[Source: ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.1, modified -- "Note 1 to entry" has been added; original Notelisting examples of GHGs has been omitted.]
4.2 Carbon dioxide equivalent CO2 equivalents (CO2e)
Mass from a conversion of the radiative forcing of a greenhouse gas (entry 2.1) into an
amount of carbon dioxide.
Note: A carbon dioxide equivalent is calculated as the mass of a given greenhouse gas
multiplied by its global warming potential (entry 2.4).
[Source: ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.19, modified -- "Note 1 to entry" has been added.]
4.3 Carbon storage in product
Carbon removed from the atmosphere and stored as carbon in a product (entry 3.1).
4.4 Global warming potential GWP
Characterization factor (ISO 14050:2009, 7.2.2.2) describing the mass of carbon dioxide thathas the same accumulated radiative forcing over a given period of time as one mass unit ofa given greenhouse gas (entry 2.1).
[Source: ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.18, modified]
4.5 Greenhouse gas emission GHG emission
Mass of a greenhouse gas (entry 2.1) released to the atmosphere.
[Source: ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.5, modified -- "over a specific time period" has been omitted.]
4.6 Greenhouse gas removal GHG removal
Mass of a greenhouse gas (entry 2.1) removed from the atmosphere.
[Source: ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.6, modified -- "over a specific time period" has been omitted.]
4.7 Greenhouse gas source GHG source
Process (entry 3.5) that releases a greenhouse gas (entry 2.1) into the atmosphere.
Note 1 to entry: Process types include processes that are natural, mechanical, or the like.
4.8 Greenhouse gas sink GHG sink15

JG-01-07
Process (entry 3.5) that removes a greenhouse gas (entry 2.1) from the atmosphere.
Note: Process types include processes that are natural, mechanical, or the like.
5. Terms relating to biogenic material and land use
5.1 Biomass
Material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations andmaterial transformed to fossilized material.
Note: This includes organic material (both living and dead) (e.g. trees, crops, grasses,
tree litter, algae, animals, and waste of biological origin, e.g. manure).
5.2 Biogenic carbon
Carbon derived from biomass (entry 5.1).
5.3 Biogenic CO2
CO2 formed from the oxidation of biogenic carbon (entry 5.2).
5.4 Fossil carbon
Carbon which is contained in fossilized material.
Note: Examples of fossilized material are coal, oil and natural gas.
5.5 Direct land use change (dLUC)
Change in human use or management of land at the location of the production, use ordisposal of raw materials (ISO 14050:2009, 6.12), intermediate products (ISO 14050:2009,
6.2.1) and final products (entry 3.1) or wastes (ISO 14050:2009, 12) in the product system(entry 3.2) being assessed.
5.6 Indirect land use change (iLUC)
Change in the use or management of land which is a consequence of the production, use ordisposal of raw materials (ISO 14050:2009, 6.12), intermediate products (ISO 14050:2009,
6.2.1) and final products (entry 3.1) or wastes (ISO 14050:2009, 12) in the product system(entry 3.2), but which is not taking place at the location of the activities that cause thechange.
6. Terms relating to type III environmental labels
6.1 Type III environmental declaration
Environmental declaration (3.1) providing quantified environmental data using
predetermined parameters and, where relevant, additional environmental information.
Note 1: The predetermined parameters are based on the ISO 14040 series of standards,
which is made up of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.

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Note 2: The additional environmental information may be quantitative or qualitative.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.1]
6.2 Environmental aspect
Element of an organization's activities, products or services that can interact with theenvironment.
[ISO 14040:2006]
6.3 Interested party
Person or body interested in or affected by the development and use of a Type III
environmental declaration (3.2).
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.1.5]
6.4 Consumer
Individual member of the general public purchasing or using goods, property or services forprivate purposes (Reference [5], subclause 4.3).
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.1.6]
6.5 Third party
Person or body that is recognized as being independent of the parties involved, as concerns
the issues in question.
Note: “Parties involved” are usually supplier (“first party”) and purchaser (“second
party”) interests. [ISO 14024:1999][Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.10]
6.6 Program operator
Body or bodies that conduct a Type III environmental declaration program (3.3)
NOTE: A program operator can be a company or a group of companies, industrial sector ortrade association, public authorities or agencies, or an independent scientific body or otherorganization.
[Source: ISO 14044:2006, 3.4]
6.7 Certification
Procedure whereby a third party guarantees in writing that a product, process or accessory
service meets given requirements.
[Source: ISO14024:1999]17

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6.8 Comparative assertion
Environmental claim regarding the superiority or equivalence of one product versus acompeting product (3.11) that performs the same function [ISO 14040:2006].
[Source: ISO14025:3.19]
7. Terms relating to CFP quantification
7.1 Carbon footprint of a product (CFP)
Sum of greenhouse gas emissions (entry 2.5) and removals (entry 2.6) in a product system(entry 3.2). Expressed as CO2 equivalents (entry 2.2) and based on a life cycle assessment(entry 4.3).
Note: the CO2 equivalent (entry 2.2) of a specific amount of greenhouse gas (entry 2.1) is
calculated as the mass of a specific greenhouse gas (entry 2.1) multiplied by its global
warming potential (entry 2.4).
7.2 Partial carbon footprint of a product (Partial CFP)
Sum of greenhouse gas emissions (entry 2.5) and removals (entry 2.6) in one or more
selected process(es) (entry 3.5) of a product system (entry 3.2). Expressed as CO2
equivalents (entry 2.2) and based on a life cycle assessment (entry 4.3).
Note 1: A partial CFP often concerns a process modeled from a specific phase in a life
cycle (entry 4.2).
Note 2: A partial CFP is based on or compiled from (a) specific process(es) or information
modules (entry 3.4), which is/are part of a product system (entry 3.2) and may form thebasis for a CFP (entry 1.1). More detailed information on information modules (entry
3.4) is given in ISO 14025:2006, 5.4.
7.3 Carbon-footprint-of-a-product study (CFP study)
Study which includes the quantification and reporting of the CFP (entry 1.1) or the partial
CFP (entry 1.2).
7.4 Carbon-footprint-of-a-product study report (CFP study report)
Report on a CFP study (entry 1.3).
7.5 Offsetting
Mechanism for compensating for a CFP (entry 1.1) or a partial CFP (entry 1.2) through theprevention of the release of, reduction in, or removal of an amount of greenhouse gas
emissions (entry 2.5) in a process (entry 3.5) outside the boundary of the product system(entry 3.2).
Example: External investment in renewable technologies, energy efficiency measures,
afforestation/reforestation.

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Note: Offsetting is not allowed in the CFP quantification and thus is not reflected in any
CFP communication.
[Source: ISO 14021:1999/FDAM 1:2011, modified -- revised the information in the original
Note to be presented as an "Example" (as above) and added a new "Note 1 to entry"
providing information on rules regarding offsetting.]
8. Terms relating to verification
8.1 Verification
Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements havebeen fulfilled.
[Source: ISO 14025:2006, 3.9]
8.2 Verifier
Person or body that carries out verification (8.1).
8.3 Verification criteria
Policy, procedure or requirement used as a reference against which evidence is compared.
Note: Verification criteria may be established by governments, GHG programs (ISO14050:2009, 9.4.1), voluntary reporting initiatives, standards or good practice guidance.
[Source: ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.32, modified—Deleted reference to validation at the beginningof the "Note 1 to entry".]
9. Terms related to registered reviewers/internal verifiers
9.1 Registered reviewer
An individual registered by the Program operator to perform PCR review and product-toproduct verification tasks.
9.2 Internal verifier
An individual registered by the Program operator to perform internal system verification
tasks.
9.3 Registration (registered reviewers and internal verifiers)
Acknowledgement, through the specified procedure, that a person meets the level ofcompetence required to perform the functions assigned to registered reviewers or internalverifiers, granted by the Program operator.
9.4 Registration (system certification audit body)Acknowledgement, through the specified procedure, that an auditing body meets the levelof competence required to perform system certification audit tasks, granted by the Program19

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operator.
9.5 Continuation and renewal of registration (registered reviewers and internal verifiers)
Maintenance of registered status
The Program operator shall conduct annual reviews of registrations granted todetermine whether existing registrations should be continued.
Renewal of registration
The Program operator shall review each registered entity every three years after
registration to determine whether registration should be renewed.
9.6 Surveillance (Program operator)
Association (Program operator) confirmation of the content of tasks performed by registeredreviewers and internal verifiers.
10. Terms related to management system
10.1 Manual
Document which prescribes outline and procedure of a management system establishedbased on the Program requirements.
10.2 Competence (ISO 9000)
Demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills.
10.3 Appeals
A request from an applicant or an organization to be certified to reconsider a negativedecision made by a system certification body, for certification which the applicant wishes togain.
10.4 Complaint
An expression of dissatisfaction with an applicant or an organization to be certified, for a
product or a process of responding to a complaint, and better response or resolution to suchcomplaint is expected explicitly or implicitly.

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