Basic Energy Sciences Overview
Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee Meeting
February 2, 2017

Harriet Kung
Associate Director of Science
For Basic Energy Sciences
U.S. Department of Energy

Basic Energy Sciences (BES)The Program:

The Scientific Challenges:

Materials sciences & engineering—exploring
macroscopic and microscopic material behaviors
and their connections to various energy
technologies

 Synthesize, atom by atom, new forms ofmatter with tailored properties, including
nano-scale objects with capabilities rivaling
those of living things

Chemical sciences, geosciences, andbiosciences—exploring the fundamental aspectsof chemical reactivity and energy transduction
over wide ranges of scale and complexity andtheir applications to energy technologies

 Direct and control matter and energy flow
in materials and chemical assemblies overmultiple length and time scales

Scientific User Facilities—5 X-ray light sources,
2 neutron sources, and 5 Nanoscale Science
Research Centers -- the largest collection offacilities for electron, x-ray, and neutron scatteringin the world Explore materials & chemicalfunctionalities and their connections toatomic, molecular, and electronic
structures
 Explore basic research to achievetransformational discoveries for energy
technologies

Understanding, predicting, and ultimately controlling matter and energy
flow at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels

2

BES Strategic Planning Activities –Engaging BES Advisory Committee and Scientific Community
 Science for Discovery
ComplexSyste
ms Science for National Needs

 National Scientific User Facilities, the 21st century tools of science
BESAC
FutureLight
Sources2013

BESAC
Report on
Facility
Upgrades20163
https://science.energy.gov/bes/news-and-resources/reports/

Science for Discovery:
BESAC Grand Challenges Reports (2007, 2015)
Instrumentation& Tools

Human Capital

Synthesis

Beyond Ideal Materials
and Systems
Mastering HierarchicalArchitectures
Imaging Matter
across Scales

Efficient Synthesis for
Tailored Properties

2015

Harnessing Coherencein Light and Matter
Data, Algorithms andComputing
Energy and Informationon the Nanoscale
2007

Correlated Systems
Systems Away from
Equilibrium

Control at the Levelof Electrons

2007 Directing Matter and Energy: Five Challenges for Science and the Imagination
2015 Challenges at the Frontiers of Matter and Energy: Transformative Opportunities for Discovery Science4

Science for National Needs:
BESAC & BES “Basic Research Needs (BRN) …” Workshops (2002 -- )2002
https://science.energy.gov/bes/communityresources/reports/

BRN to Assure a Secure Energy Future (BESAC)
 BRN for Hydrogen Economy (2003)
 BRN for Solar Energy Utilization (2005)
 BRN for Superconductivity (2006)
 BRN for Solid State Lighting (2006)
 BRN for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems (2006)
 BRN for Geosciences (2007)
 BRN for Clean and Efficient Combustion (2007)
 BRN for Electrical Energy Storage (2007)
 BRN for Catalysis for Energy Applications (2007)
 BRN for Materials under Extreme Environments (2007)
 BRN for Carbon Capture (2010)
 New Science for Sustainable Energy Future (2008)
 Computational Materials Science and Chemistry (2010)
 Science for Energy Technology (2010)
 Controlling Subsurface Fractures and Fluid Flow (2015)
 BRN for Environmental Management (2016)
 BRN for Quantum Materials (2016)

BES Research and Funding Modalities

Increasing scope and size

 Core Research (>1,000 projects)
Single investigators ($150K/year) and small groups ($500K-$2M/year) engage infundamental research related to any of the BES core research activities. Investigators
propose topics of their choosing, including the Early Career Research Awards and
SciDAC Awards (joint with ASCR).

 Energy Frontier Research Centers (36, 2009 --)$2-4M/year research centers for 4-year award terms; focus on fundamental research
described in the Basic Research Needs Workshop reports.

 Computational Materials Sciences (5, 2015 -- )$2-4M/year research centers for 4-year award terms; focus on delivering open-source
software for materials by design in preparation for exascale computing

 Energy Innovation Hubs (2, 2010 -- )Research centers for 5-year award terms, established in 2010 ($15-25M/year),engage in basic and applied research, including technology development, on a highpriority topic in energy that is specified in detail in an FOA. Project goals, milestones,
and management structure are a significant part of the proposed Hub plan.
6

Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs)

 HISTORY: 20 community workshops since early-2000s with over 2,000 participants
describing “basic research needs” for energy applications and “grand-challenge science”
 ESTABLISHMENT OF EFRCs IN 2009
 46 awards: 30 funded at $100M/year; 16 fully funded by ARRA at $277M
 $2-5M/year each for a 5-year term RECOMPETITION IN 2014 32 awards funded at $100M/year (22 renewal, 10 new)
 $2-4M/year each for a 4-year term, with competitions now every 2 years
 Solicitation topics were informed by additional community workshop reports including mesoscalescience and computational materials and chemistry.

 Targeted FOA in 2016
 4 new awards funded at $10M/year $2-4M/year each for a 4-year term Solicitation topics in environmental management research areas as informed by BRN-EM (2016) 7

Energy Frontier Research Centers
Status as of August 2016 (36 EFRCs)
Lead Institution

EFRC Members
155

1

144

9

26

Over 110 participating institutions, located in
34 states plus the District of Columbia

University
Non-Profit

DOE Laboratory

608

783
553

Senior Investigator
Graduate
Technical Staff

Postdoc
Undergraduate

Accomplishments since 2009
 Over 8,200 peer-reviewed papers (> 360 in Science and Nature Journals)
 24 PECASE and 26 DOE Early Career Awards
 44 EFRCs have created over 380 US and 250 foreign patent applications, more than 490
patent/invention disclosures, and at least 100 licenses
 ~90 companies have benefited from EFRC research (May 2014) EFRC students and staff now work: > 300 university faculty and staff; > 475
industrial; > 200 national labs, government, and non-profit
Website: https://science.energy.gov/bes/efrc/

Data updated on 8/23/2016 8

16

14

Albrecht-Schmitt
Baldo
Blankenship
Bullock
Burns
Chen
Clark
Cosgrove
DePaolo
FenterFraileyFrankelFriendGagliardi
HemleyJohnsonKlimov
Lake
Long
McCannMeyer
Nuzzo
Perdew
PetersRubloff
Shi
Stupp
TakeuchiTumas
Vlachos
WaltonWasielewski
Wesolowski
Whittingham
Zhang
zur Loye

Number of Institutions

FY 2016: EFRC Partner Institutions
253 Partner Institutions
113 Unique Institutions

12

University
Laboratory
Industry
Non-Profit

10

8

6

4

2

0

EFRC Director
9NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES)
M. Stanley Whittingham, Binghamton University
012010 (6 pubs)

8

15+ EFRC
Collaborators

Paper with shared authorship2011 (23 pubs)

2014 (94 pubs)

2012 (48 pubs)

2015 (128 pubs)2013 (69 pubs)

2016 (139 pubs)

Width of line (edge) = number of co-authored papers 10
Size of circle (node) = number of total papers authored

EFRC Communications
The 2016 EFRC booklet describes the history and outcomesfrom the first seven years of the EFRC program, including
representative scientific highlights, academic publications,
intellectual property, and science commercialization.
Solar concentrators
based on quantum dots
Core-shell quantum dots wererationally designed for efficient
light collection and transmission

Building precision
nanobatteries by the billions
Batteries constructed in nanoporespromise to deliver energy at muchhigher power and longer life

Examining the enzyme
complex that makes
cellulose fibrils
Imaging and computational modelingrevealed new structural insights

Accurately modelingmaterials for energy
applications
Optimal method identified for multiscale
simulations of carbon nanostructures

Viability of long-term carbon
sequestration in the subsurface
The Bravo Dome gas field was used toestimate CO2 dissolution rates over milennia

Nanoscale control of uranium
for solvent-free recovery
Water-soluble uranium-oxygen clusters
are large enough to be filtered using
commercial membranes

https://science.energy.gov/~/media/bes/pdf/brochures/2016/EFRC_Booklet_2016.pdf

11

EFRC Workforce Development Opportunities
Frontiers in Energy
Research Newsletter

Early Career Network
National
Meeting
Meet‐ups

Women
in Energy
Science

Graduate Student andPostdoctoral
Researcher Competition

Exchange Ideas
between EFRCs
Collaborative
Technologies

CareerWebinars

http://www.energyfrontier.us/newsletter

http://www.energyfrontier.us/content/2
015-student-and-postdoc-competition

Life at the Frontiers of Energy
Research Video Contest

Ten Hundred and
One Word Challenge

Poetry of Science
Contesthttp://www.energyfrontier.us/video-contest

http://www.energyfrontier.us/1001word-challenge-winners

http://www.energyfrontier.us/
poetry-winners

12Ionization Induces Healing of Defects in Silicon Carbide
Scientific Achievement
Energy transferred to electrons in silicon carbide (SiC) by
energetic ions via ionization can effectively heal preexisting defects and restore structural order.

Significance and Impact
Because SiC is a critical material for nuclear applications
and power electronics for space applications, ionizationinduced self-healing may contribute to increased radiation
tolerance in extreme radiation environments.

Research Details
Projected scanning transmission
electron microscopy images of predamaged crystal (top) and improved
structural order after 21 MeV Ni ion
irradiation (bottom).
Y. Zhang, R. Sachan, O.H. Pakarinen, M.F.
Chisholm, P. Liu, H. Xue, and W. J. Weber,“Ionization-induced annealing of preexisting defects in silicon carbide,” Nature
Commun. 6, 8049 (2015). DOI:
10.1038/ncomms9049– Defects were introduced into single-crystal SiC by
implantation with 900 keV Si ions.
– Irradiation of these samples with ions having highelectronic energy loss (4.5 MeV C to 21 MeV Ni) healed
pre-existing defects.
– Healing was validated by ion channeling, scanningtransmission electron microscopy and atomistic
simulations.
– Energy transfer of 1.4 keV/nm to electrons was sufficientto activate this process.

Computational Materials Sciences High-accuracy software is needed tounderstand how the behavior of atoms andmolecules (or quantum effects) impacts
energy conversion and materials synthesis.

2015 Top Application Codes at NERSC
Atomic Scale
Modeling
High Energy Physics

ClimateHigh Energy
Physics

Atomic Scale
Modeling

Plasma Physics
Biophysics
Plasma Physics

The U.S. trails other countries indevelopment of computational codes inchemistry and materials sciences.

 At NERSC, the most used materials andchemistry research codes were developed
by foreign countries, (e.g., VASP -- acommercial Austrian atomic scale modelingcode requiring purchase of license).
 Top codes used at NERSC for other fields
were developed in the U.S. and are all
free, open-source community codes.
 BES support began in 2015, and iscurrently supporting 5 teams at $12M/yr todevelop research codes and data fordesign of functional materials to be usedby academia, labs, and industry – as partof the Exascale crosscut.

14

Energy Innovation Hubs
 Fuels from Sunlight:
 Awarded to the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP); 1stphase award (2010 – 2014) funded at ~ $25M/yr for hydrogen fuels
research, including prototype development.
 Based on peer review outcomes, JCAP was renewed for the 2nd
term in 2015 at $15M/yr to conduct research on CO2 reduction to
produce chemical fuels – a grand science challenge.
 Led by Caltech with participating institutions: LBNL, UCI, UCSD,
and SLAC.

Cross-sectional SEM imageof a protected photoelectrode(Verlage, et. al. Energy
Environ. Sci. 2015)

 Batteries and Energy Storage Hub:
 Awarded to the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)
and commenced operations in December 2012 at ~ $25M/yr.
 JCESR focuses on discovery science to enable next generation
batteries—beyond lithium ion—and energy storage fortransportation and the grid.
 Led by ANL with participating institutions: LBNL, SNL, SLAC,
PNNL,UI-UC, NWU, UCh, UI-C, UMich, MIT, Utah, United Tech,
Dow, AMAT, JCI, CET.

Theoretical predictionsof Mg deposition (from
MgCl) on a Mg metal
surface15

BES Scientific User Facilities
Unique research facilities and scientific expertise for ultra high-resolution characterization,
synthesis, fabrication, theory and modeling of advanced materials
 Available to all researchers at no cost for
non-proprietary research, regardless ofaffiliation, nationality, or source of researchsupport Access based on external peer merit review
of brief proposals
 Coordinated access to co-located facilities
to accelerate research cycles
 Collaboration with facility scientists anoptional potential benefit
 Instrument and technique workshops
offered periodically Nanoscale Science Research Centers– Center for Functional Nanomaterials (BNL)– Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (SNL & LANL)– Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (ORNL)– Center for Nanoscale Materials (ANL)– Molecular Foundry (LBNL) Neutron Sources– High Flux Isotope Reactor (ORNL)– Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL) A variety of on-line, on-site, and hands-on
training available
 Proprietary research may be performed atfull-cost recovery
 Light Sources– Advanced Light Source (LBNL)– Advanced Photon Source (ANL)– Linac Coherent Light Source (SLAC)– National Synchrotron Light Source-II (BNL)– Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SLAC)
16

BES User Facilities Hosted Over 15,000 Users in FY 2016
17,00016,00015,00014,000

Number of Users

13,00012,000

CFN
MF
NCEM
HFIR
HFBR
ALS
NSLS II

CNM
CNMS
EMC
SNS
LCLS
SSRL

CINT
ShaRE
Lujan
IPNS
APS
NSLS

11,00010,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Fiscal YearThe newly constructed NSLS II started early operations in FY 2015.
The three electron beam microcharacterization centers were merged administratively with theirrespective neighboring NSRCs in FY 2015.
The BES operations at the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center ceased operations in FY 2014.
17

Users by Discipline at the Light Sources100%

12,00090%

11,00010,000
9,000

70%
8,000
60%

7,000

50%

6,000

40%

5,000

Life Sciences
Chemical Sciences
Geosciences & Ecology
AppliedScience/Engineering
Optical/General Physics

4,000
30%

Materials Sciences

3,000
Other

20%
2,000

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

-

1993

0%

1992

1,000
1991

10%

1990

Percent of Users

80%

Total Number of Users

Fiscal Year
18

36%

First-Time Users

4,500

27%

Female

4,000
3,500

Citizenship
49%

United States

3,000

29%

Foreign, Non-Sensitive Countries

2,500

22%

Foreign, Sensitive Countries

2,000

Number of Users

Light Source User Demographics for FY 2015

1,500

Nature of Research

1,000

98%

Nonproprietary research only1%

Nonproprietary & proprietary research

1%

Proprietary research only

500-

< 20 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 > 69

Age (years)

N/A

Source of User Support

User Employment Level
BES

Other DOE

NIH

NSF

Undergraduate
Students
Graduate Students

Other Gov.

Industry

Post Doctoral
Associates
Professional

Foreign

Other/NA

Other/NA

19

BES X-ray Free Electron Laser Source:
Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)

Injector

electronbeam

1km linac 14GeV

Undulator

hall
Near‐hall: 3 stations

x-ray
beam

Far‐hall: 3 stations

MEC provides a unique set of toolsthat utilize the combined LCLS ultra
fast high brightness x-ray beams
and high power optical laser
beams to study the transient
behavior of matter in extreme
conditions. Key scientific areas
include warm dense matter physics,
high pressure studies, and shock 20
physics.

BES Reactor Neutron Source
BES operates the High Flux Isotope
Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory• 85 MW light-water moderated and cooled
reactor• Principal mission – Neutron scattering– Secondarily produces a variety of isotopes
for medical and industrial applications– Also provides a significant materials
irradiation capability due to its unique flux
trap design providing an intense fastneutron flux

 More than 100 HFIR irradiation
capsules have been completed forfusion since the 1970s
 Between 5,000-10,000 specimen
have been exposed over the last
decadeSeveral specimen types to be loaded into theirradiation capsules in lower left

21

Nanoscale Science Research Centers
Synthesis
 Quantum dots, nanowires
 Functionalized nanoparticles
 High mobility & quantum materials
 Nanocrystalline diamond Ordered nanoparticle assemblies
 Combinatorial nanomaterials
Fabrication
 E-beam lithography
 Dip pen, STM lithography Nanopatterned block copolymers
 Atom scale fabrication
 Nanometer scale 3D printing
Characterization
 Atomic resolution electron
microscopy
 Ultrafast & THz optical X-ray scattering In-situ and in-operando Neutron scattering
Modeling/Prediction
 Comprehensive suite of codes onclusters and HPC integrated withexperiments

22

4 Nobel Prizes in 10 Years Using Light Source User Facilities
2003: Roderick MacKinnon (Chemistry) for“structural and mechanistic studies of ionchannels.”
Used NSLS beamlines X25 and X29.

2006: Roger Kornberg (Chemistry) "for his studiesof the molecular basis of eukaryotic
transcription.”

The overall view of a
voltage-dependent
potassium ion
channel.

The visualized
transcription process.

Used SSRL macromolecular crystallography beamlines.

2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A.
Steitz, and Ada E. Yonath (Chemistry) "forstudies of the structure and function of theribosome.”

The 50S subunit
structure at 2.4Åresolution.

Used all 4 DOE light sources.

2012: Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka(Chemistry) "for studies of G-protein-coupled
receptors.”

The structure of the
β2AR-Gs complex.

Used APS beamline 23-ID.

23

Lab-Industry Partnerships at the BES Scientific User Facilities
Support U.S. Science and Economy
Manufacturing

EnergyInformation Technology

Pharmaceuticals

Structure Based
Design, Inc.

24

Maintaining World Leadership in BES Facilities
 Engage BES Advisory Committee in setting priorities
 Be mindful of international competitions
 Take a long view in planning: ~ 10 years for major upgrades
Status of Upgrade Planning:
Ring-based x-ray light sources
ANL Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) (CD-1/3B)
LBNL Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U) (CD-0)
Free electron laser based x-ray light sources
SLAC LCLS-II (CD-3)
SLAC LCLS-II High Energy Upgrade (LCLS-II-HE) (CD-0)
Spallation based neutron scattering sources
ORNL Spallation Neutron Source Proton Power Upgrade (CD-0)
ORNL Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station (CD-0)
CD-0: Mission Need
CD-1: Alternatives Analysis
CD-3B: Long Lead Procurement
CD-3: Construction Start

25

LCLS-II and APS-U Underway
Linac Coherent Light Source-II (LCLS-II) LCLS-II will provide high-rep-rate, ultra-bright, transformlimited femtosecond x-ray pulses with polarization control andpulse length control to ~1 femtosecond. The hard x-ray range
will be expanded to 25 keV.
 Added are a 4 GeV superconducting linac; an electron
injector; and two undulators to provide x-rays in the 0.2–5
keV energy range.
 FY 2016 = $200,300K; FY 2017 = $190,000K for R&D,
design, prototyping, long lead procurement, and constructionof technical systems.
 The project is on track and ~42% complete; first light isplanned for Jan 2020

Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) APS-U will provide a multi-bend achromat lattice to provide
extreme transverse coherence and brightness.
 Initial conceptual design for the new lattice completed;conducting R&D and key component prototyping in support of
the new design; beamline proposal selection complete
 FY 2016 = $20,000K; FY 2017 = $20,000K for R&D, design,and limited prototyping.
 CD-1 Refresh approved 2/2016; CD-3B, Long Lead
Procurement approved 10/2016
26

X-ray Synchrotron Light Source Upgrade
Multiple Bend Achromat Lattice Design
Key Advantages of a Multiple Bend Achromat Ring: Reduction of electron beam size & angular spread (i.e., emittance ) Increases the x-ray beam brightness & coherent flux by 102-103
 Enables new optics-free coherent imaging techniques where resolution
is limited by the x-ray wavelength λ & available signal, not by optics
 Coherent imaging can be extended to the hard x-ray regime
Incoherent Imaging w/Optics

Multiple Bend Achromat
Storage Ring

Resolution >> λDue to Optics Quality

Now

X-ray Beam Sizes

UpgradeOptics-Free Coherent Imaging

Resolution ~ λNo Optics Needed
Uses HPC

27

International Landscape of X-ray Storage Ring Light Sources:
New Constructions (3) and Upgrades (3)BLS

Sweden: MAX-IV

Germany: PETRA III

China: BLS

France: ESRF II

Brazil: SIRIUS

Japan: SPRING-6

Four Competing X-Ray FELs Begin/Continue Operation in 2017
SACLA 2011
8.5 GeV, 30 Hz NC

PAL XFEL 201610 GeV, 60 Hz NC

SWISS FEL 2017
5.8 GeV, 100 Hz NC

EU XFEL 201717.5 GeV, 3000 x 10 Hz SCFirst lasing in June 2011
Ops since March 2012
BL1: Soft X-rays to 100 eV
BL2&3: Hard X-rays to 20 keVFirst lasing in June 2016
First user exps in Q3 2017

Commissioning in Q4 2016
Soft X-rays ops in 2017
Hard X-rays by 2020

First e- in SC linac in Jan 2017
First user exps in Q3 2017
Three normal conducting (NC) linacs
One pulsed superconducting (SC) linac

SNS Will be Challenged by ESS
ORNL Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)Operational since 2006 at up to 1.4 MW

ORNL SNS Second Target Station (STS) Concept
2 MW on First Target Station (FTS) + 0.5 MW on STS

FTS

STS
Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) at CD-0

19 European countries are building the 5 MW European Spallation Source (ESS) in Sweden
ESS construction in 1/2017, ops in ~2019

SNS STS is a short pulse source& the ESS is a long pulse design.
Planned STS instruments are
optimized to take advantage ofthe high peak brightness.

Relative time structure for short pulse sources SNS FTS
and STS, and J-PARC, and the ESS long pulse design.

30

BESAC Report on Facility Upgrades (June 2016):
Neutrons & Photons (Status as of Q1 CY2017)
Project

ANL
APS-U

LBNL
ALS-U

ORNL
SNS PPUORNL
SNS STSSLAC
LCLS-IISLAC
LCLS-II-HE

Proposed
Project

Hard X-ray~Diffraction
Limited6 GeV MBA Ring

Soft X-ray~Diffraction
Limited2 GeV MBARing

Proton Power
Upgradeto 2.5 MW(W Target)
1.3 GeV SC
LinacHigh Resolution
Neutron
Science;Second Target
StationHigh Rep-Rate,
Soft X-ray FEL,
4 GeV SC Linac

High Rep-Rate,
Medium Energy
X-ray FEL,
8 GeV SC Linac

Current
Status ofFacility

APS isoperational since
1996; ring will be
replaced

ALS isoperational
since 1993;
ring will be
replaced

SNS Linac is
operational since2006 at 0.94
GeV

SNS isoperational
since 2006

LCLS isoperational
since 2010;
LCLS-II is underconstruction

LCLS isoperational since2010; LCLS-II is
underconstruction

EU
ESRF
Germany
PETRA3,4Japan
SPring-6
China
HEPS

SwedenMAX-IV
BrazilSIRIUSCH
SLS-II

EU
ESS
Japan
JPARC
China
CSNS
UK
ISIS

EU
XFEL
Japan
SACLA
Korea
PAL XFELCH
Swiss FELWorldwide
Competition

EU
ESS
Japan
JPARC
China
CSNS
UK
ISIS

EU
XFEL

Dark Time~1 yr~0.75 yr0 yr~0.5 yr

~1 yr

0 yr

Status Q1/17

CD-3b

CD-0

CD-0

CD-0

CD-3

CD-0

https://science.energy.gov/~/media/bes/besac/pdf/Reports/BESAC_Facility_Upgrade_Assessment_Approved_June_9_2016.pdf

31

BES At-a-Glance

Office of Basic Energy Sciences
Harriet Kung

Materials Sciences andEngineering Division (MSE)
Director
Linda Horton

Scientific User Facilities
Division (SUF)
Director
Jim Murphy

Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences and Biosciences
Division (CSGB)
Director
Bruce Garrett

Relevant Websites
BES: https://science.energy.gov/bes/
Reports: https://science.energy.gov/bes/community-resources/reports/
Research: https://science.energy.gov/bes/research/
User Facilities: https://science.energy.gov/user-facilities/user-facilities-at-a-glance/bes/
32

Questions?
Harriet.Kung@science.doe.gov

BES Budget At-a-Glance
FY 2016 Appropriation:$1,849 M
Core Research
DOE Labs

X-ray
Light
Sources
481.9

NeutronSources
264.6
Nano
118.8

285.9
Core Research
Universities

Facilities
Ops
865.3

232.6
EFRCs, Hubs,
CMS

161.1
Construction*Others
MIE

235.8

Hubs
39.1
CMS 12
EFRCs
110

68.3

Others: SBIR, STTR, GPP, LTSM

34

BES Organizational History

ERDA’s 1976 R&D plan, A National Plan for Energy
Research, Development, and Demonstration: Creating
Energy Choices for the Future (April 15, 1976).



The formation of BES was part of the Department of Energy
Organization Act of 1977 to provide for basic energy research in
non-nuclear areas.

Basic research activities within the Energy Research andDevelopment Administration (ERDA) were first grouped as the
BES program in the FY 1977 Budget Request (released
February 1976). The BES organization was formed in June
1977 in preparation for the creation of DOE in October 1977.

While BES has gone through many changes in structure
and program emphases, the mission of BES has notchanged. As stated in 1976, “The primary purpose of the BES
program is to increase knowledge of the physical phenomena
relevant to the goal of meeting our nation’s energy needs.”

The research activities and subprograms of BES have undergone substantial changes over the past three decades.
For a detailed evolution of the BES program, see: http://science.energy.gov/bes/about/organizational-history/
The origins of the federal research programs that became BES are rooted in the nation’s research efforts to win
World War II. The goals of the early U.S. science programs that evolved into BES were to explore fundamental
phenomena, create scientific knowledge, and provide unique user facilities. In this sense, the BES program predates
the establishment of the Atomic Energy Commission in 1946, which became part of ERDA on October 11, 1974, as aresult of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974.
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