2020/05/27
2020/07/30

WENDI Guidance Lecture - Part II

Important InternationalAgreements
Kaoru Takara

Chairholder
UNESCO Chair on Water, Energy and Disaster Management for
Sustainable Development (WENDI)

Part II
The Part II explains three international agreements:• the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)• the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
2015-2030 (SFDRR2015-2030)• the Paris Agreement of UNFCCC (UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change).
These agreements are current important global agenda(action plans) toward 2030. Students can learn what
they are and how to read/write such UN documents.
It is also requested in the classroom to relate andpresent each student’s research theme to theseagreements.
2Courtesy of Badaoui Rouhban (2015)
Modified by Kaoru Takara (2019)

IDNDR

UN

Resolution
1985

1991

1988
Spitak(Armenia )First World
Conference on
Disaster Reduction(Yokohama)

1995
Kobe(Japan)(2015-2030)

MDGs (2005-2015)

Paris
Agreement

Hyogo Framework for Action

OCHA

1987 1990 1992 1994
Rio

UNISDR
1998

DHASDGs

Renamed in May 20192000 2002

20052012

Rio+10 Second World
Conference on
Disaster Reduction(Kobe)

2015

SFDRR

SendaiRio+20 Third World Framework
Conference on
Disaster RiskReduction(Sendai)

2003 2004 200520082010 2011 2012
Bam (Iran)
TohokuSichuan (China)
Sandy(Japan)(USA)
Tsunami(Indonesia)

Volcano eruption (Iceland)
Earthquake (Haiti)

Katrina (USA)
Kashmir (Pakistan)

OCHA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is a United
Nations (UN) body formed in December 1991 by General Assembly Resolution 46/182.
The resolution was designed to strengthen the UN's response to complex emergencies
and natural disasters. Earlier UN organizations with similar tasks were the Department ofHumanitarian Affairs (DHA), and its predecessor, the Office of the United Nations Disaster
Relief Coordinator (UNDRO).
In 1998, due to reorganization, DHA merged into OCHA and was designed to be the UN focal
point on major disasters. It is a sitting observer of the political debate United Nations
Development Group. After merging with the DHA, its mandate was expanded to encompass
the coordination of humanitarian response, policy development and humanitarian advocacy.
The agency's activities include organization and monitoring of humanitarian funding, as wellas information exchange, coordination and rapid-response teams for emergency relief. Since
May 2017, OCHA is led by Mark Lowcock as Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs
and Emergency Relief Coordinator (USG/ERC), appointed for a five-year term.

4Rio Conference – Earth Summit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit• The United Nations Conference on Environment andDevelopment (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit,
the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese:ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio deJaneiro from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
• Earth Summit was created as a response for Member States to cooperate
together internationally on development issues after the Cold War. Due toissues relating to sustainability being too big for individual member statesto handle, Earth Summit was held as a platform for other Member States
to collaborate. Since the creation, many others in the field ofsustainability show a similar development to the issues discussed in theseconferences, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs).[1]• In 2012, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development wasalso held in Rio, and is also commonly called Rio+20 or Rio Earth Summit
2012. It was held from 13 to 22 June.
à MDGs à SDGs
à Climate Change Convention
à Convention on Biological Diversity

5There are many SDGs-related web sites:• https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/develo
pment-agenda/• https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300• https://www.unic.or.jp/activities/economic_social_development/sustainable_development/2030agenda/• https://www.unic.or.jp/activities/economic_social_development/sustainable_development/2030agenda/sdgs_logo/
6

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

ESDWaterEnergyCCDRR

Life/Land

17 goals and 169 targets
Many of them are related to DRRPartnership

The 5 P’s of SDGs

The 5 P's of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1. PEOPLE - End poverty and hunger in all forms andensure dignity and equality.
2. PLANET - Protect our planet's natural resources
and climate for future generations.
3. PROSPERITY - Ensure prosperous and fulfilling lives
in harmony with nature.
4. PARTNERSHIP - Implement the agenda througha solid global partnership.
5. PEACE - Foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies.

Sendai Framework documents• Source:
http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/ic/gic/page4_001062.html
https://www.mofa.go.jp/ic/gic/page4e_000217.html• 000071586 Sendai Declaration (Japanese)• 000071587 Sendai Declaration (English)• 000071588 SFA2015-2030 (Japanese Summary)• 000071589 SFA2015-2030 (English text)

Sendai Declaration
18 March 2015
1.

2.

3.

4.

We, the Heads of State and Government, ministers and delegates participating in the Third
United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, have gathered from 14 to 18
March 2015 in Sendai City of Miyagi Prefecture in Japan, which has demonstrated a vibrantrecovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011. Recognizing the increasing
impact of disasters and their complexity in many parts of the world, we declare ourdetermination to enhance our efforts to strengthen disaster risk reduction to reduce
disaster losses of lives and assets worldwide.
We value the important role played by the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015:
Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters during the past ten years.
Having completed the assessment and review of and considered the experience gained
under its implementation, we hereby adopt the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030. We are strongly committed to the implementation of the newframework as the guide to enhance our efforts for the future.
We call all stakeholders to action, aware that the realization of the new framework
depends on our unceasing and tireless collective efforts to make the world safer from therisk of disasters in the decades to come for the benefit of the present and future
generations.
We thank the people and the Government of Japan as well as the City of Sendai for
hosting the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction and extend
our appreciation to Japan for its commitment to advancing disaster risk reduction in theglobal development agenda.
11

Sendai Framework for DRR (SFDRR) 2015-2030• SFDRR: 1 Goal, 7 Global Targets, 13 Guiding
Principles, 4 Priorities for Action, at 4 levels(Local, National, Regional and Global)• SFDRR focuses on disaster risks while the HFA
focuses on disaster losses.
• SFDRR focuses more on “the how” while the HFA
focuses more on “the what”• SFDRR puts more emphasis on the means forimplementation
12Sendai Framework for DRR (SFDRR) 20152030
The Seven Global Targets(a) Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower averageper 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020-2030 compared to the period
2005-2015.
(b) Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming tolower average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020 -2030 compared to theperiod 2005-2015.
(c) Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product(GDP) by 2030.
(d) Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption ofbasic services, among them health and educational facilities, including throughdeveloping their resilience by 2030.
(e) Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk
reduction strategies by 2020.
(f) Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries throughadequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for
implementation of this Framework by 2030.
(g) Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning
systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030.
13

Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030
Four priorities for Action
Priority 1

Understanding disaster risk

Priority 2

Strengthening disaster risk governance tomanage disaster risk

Priority 3

Investing in disaster risk reduction forresilience

Priority 4

Enhancing preparedness for effective
response, and to “Build back Better” inrecovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

14

Disaster risk
DR = [H]×[E]×[V]/[C]DR: disaster risk
H: hazards (earthquake, typhoon, flood, landslide,volcano eruption, etc.)
E: exposure (people and assets that may be affected byhazards)
V: vulnerability (weakness of human, society, etc.)
C: countermeasures (infrastructures, non-structural
measures, insurance, hazard risk maps, awareness,preparedness, etc.)

Paris Agreement: essential elements• The Paris Agreement builds upon the Convention and for the first time brings allnations into a common cause to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climatechange and adapt to its effects, with enhanced support to assist developing
countries to do so. As such, it charts a new course in the global climate effort.
• The Paris Agreement central aim is to strengthen the global response to thethreat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well
below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit
the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Additionally, theagreement aims to strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts ofclimate change. To reach these ambitious goals, appropriate financial flows, anew technology framework and an enhanced capacity building framework will beput in place, thus supporting action by developing countries and the mostvulnerable countries, in line with their own national objectives. The Agreement
also provides for enhanced transparency of action and support through a morerobust transparency framework. Further information on key aspects of theAgreement can be found here.
• https://unfccc.int/resource/bigpicture/#content-the-paris-agreemen
16Paris Agreement:
Nationally determined contributions
The Paris Agreement requires all Parties to put forward their best efforts through nationally determinedcontributions (NDCs) and to strengthen these efforts in the years ahead. This includes requirements that all
Parties report regularly on their emissions and on their implementation efforts.
• Further information on NDCs can be found here.
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs•••

In 2018, Parties will take stock of the collective efforts in relation to progress towards the goal set in theParis Agreement and to inform the preparation of NDCs.
There will also be a global stocktake every 5 years to assess the collective progress towards achieving thepurpose of the Agreement and to inform further individual actions by Parties.

Status of ratification

The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016, thirty days after the date on which at least 55
Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total global greenhousegas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with theDepositary.
• Information on the status of ratification can be found here:
https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/status-of-ratification•17

WENDI-HESD six courses
Water

Kyoto University
UNESCO Chair WENDI
Water, Energy and Disaster Management
Water
Resources& Disaster

AquaticEnvironment& W. Quality

Global Energy&Environment

Sustainable
Bioresources& Ecosystems

Hills,Humans &Oceans

Climate Change
Data Science
6 Courses and Cross-Cutting Themes

SFDRR

SDGs

Paris
Agreement

CreatingResilientSociety

Education for Sustainable Development• With a world population of 7 billion people and limited natural resources, we, as
individuals and societies need to learn to live together sustainably. We need to takeaction responsibly based on the understanding that what we do today can have
implications on the lives of people and the planet in future. Education forSustainable Development (ESD) empowers people to change the way they think
and work towards a sustainable future.
• UNESCO aims to improve access to quality education on sustainable development
at all levels and in all social contexts, to transform society by reorienting educationand help people develop knowledge, skills, values and behaviours needed forsustainable development. It is about including sustainable development issues,
such as climate change and biodiversity into teaching and learning. Individuals areencouraged to be responsible actors who resolve challenges, respect cultural
diversity and contribute to creating a more sustainable world.
• There is growing international recognition of ESD as an integral element of quality
education and a key enabler for sustainable development. The Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the global community for the next 15 years
include ESD. Target 4.7 of SDG 4 on education addresses ESD and related
approaches such as Global Citizenship Education. UNESCO is responsible for thecoordination of the Global Action Programme (GAP) on ESD.

Assignment for Part II• Q1: What is your most interested goal among 17 SDGs? Explain why you
are interested in it. Do you have any particular targets in it? Why?
• Q2: What is your research theme? How your research theme is related toSDGs, SFDRR, or Paris Agreement?
• Q3 (optional): What are the examples to achieve SDGs, SFDRR or ParisAgreement in your country? Tell your idea how the example is effective oruseful.
Due: 30th August 2020
Submit your report to the Office of WENDI<secretariat_wendi@mail2.adm.kyoto-u.ac.jp>

Guidance Lectures in 2020
First Semester• Part I: 13 May (Wed.) 18:15-19:45• Part II: 27 May (Wed.) 18:15-19:45• Part I: 9 July (Thu.) 18:15-19:45• Part II: 30 July (Thu.) 18:15-19:45
Second Semester• Part I: 9 November (Mon.) 18:15-19:45• Part II: 30 November (Mon.) 18:15-19:45• Part I: 8 December (Tue.) 18:15-19:45• Part II: 22 December (Tue.) 18:15-19:45