Sealing & Bonding
Technical Handbook
BOSTIK ASIA PACIFIC

EXTERNAL USE ONLYTABLE OF CONTENTSi

TABLE OF CONTENTS - ﻿

TOPICSTOC
HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONSProduct Safety
Proper Storage/Transport of Sealant 
Application Guidelines for Sealant
General Safety Guidelines 

1
2
7
9
11

PREFACE13
What is a sealant?
14
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANTSubstrate Requirement
Substrate Preparation
Application Of Primer*
Primer Suitability Guide
Backer Rod Selection
Backer Rod Insertion Tool
Joint Design & Backer Rod Placement
Table of Backer Rod Sizes
Masking Tape Installation
Sealant Gun Selection
Sealant Gun Preparation

17
18
25
28
29
31
33
33
34
35
35
36

PRACTICAL LAB TEST FOR SEALANT
Slump Test
Toolability Test
Smoothness Test
String Test
Tack-Free Time Test

37
38
39
40
41
42

SEALING PRE-CAST PANEL 
43
Introduction44
Materials Needed For Sealing Pre-Cast Panels
45
Other Tools & Equipment Might Needed
46
Sealant Extrusion, Tooling & Finishing
47
TABLE OF CONTENTS -﻿

i

GLAZING49
Introduction50
Bostik Scope in Glazing Application
51
Sealant Types for Glazing
55
Method of Application
61
OTHER FACADE SEALING
Consideration About StainingAluminum Composite Panel (ACP)
Metal Cladding Panel

65
66
71
72

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS
Joint Repair

77
78

POLYURETHANE FOAM
89
Introduction90
Areas Of Applications97
Applications Guidelines
99

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS - ﻿[ This page intentionally left blank ]TABLE OF CONTENTS -﻿

iii

HEALTH& SAFETYRECOMMENDATIONS

1HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - ﻿Product Safety

The Construction Sealants Industry is one of the fastest-growing parts ofthe construction sector with modern technology and innovations. The
development pattern is also getting stronger because of the behaviour andimportance of health and safety standards.
Bostik is the leading Sealant manufacturer implementing its Hazard Control
Action Plan and committing to fulfilment of Standardized Safety regulations.
Bostik believes “Everyone goes home safe” which is the top-most priority inkeeping worker’s life safe.
We believes to fulfil Safety Standards, our plant operations, product andapplication methodologies are designed in such a smarter way that directly
and progressively enhances the achievement and success of the health andsafety added value efforts.
Bostik is not only limited to the standardised safety operation and production
but our focus is also the product safety. Succeeding pages are some safety
considerations and precautions for using a construction sealant (applicableas well in adhesive & PU foam) product:
HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - PRODUCT SAFETY

2

Does the Sealant Product

Emit Little to No VOCs?
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have the ability to evaporate and mix into the
air at room temperature. Many sealants have provisions to emit VOCs which arevery harmful and can lead to long as well as short-term adverse health effects.
Consequently, it is important to use sealants with little to no VOC emission factor.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, VOCs can cause thefollowing symptoms:
•
•
•
•
•

Nausea/vomiting/motion sickness
Irritation of the ears, nose and throat
Loss of coordination/dizziness
HeadacheAllergic skin reaction

Does the Sealant ProductDecrease Exposure to Solvents?
The Sealant products with little to no VOCs also decrease applicators’ exposure tosolvents due to their chemical compositions. The following are the health hazards
list down by the U.S. Department of Labour cites health hazards associated withsolvent exposure:
•
•
•

3

Toxicity to the nervous system
Reproductive, liver and kidney damage
Damage to the Respiratory system

HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - PRODUCT SAFETY

Does the Sealant ProductContain TDI?

Toluene Di-Isocyanate (TDI) is commonly used as a chemical ingredient inpolyurethane sealants. The long-term exposure to the TDI is responsible forthe extreme toxicity to workers. The following are side effects that workers/
labour can encounter due to the continuous application of Sealants:••••

Skin, eyes and nose irritation
NauseaDecreased lung function
Bronchial Constriction

Accordingly, the product formulation should consider prior to its use as toxic
health hazards are associated with VOCs, TDI and solvent exposure. Someinstallers/applicators may be sensitive to handling isocyanates and sealantproducts. It is highly recommended to use Personal protective equipment toavoid any harmful effects and toxicity.
Further to ensure high safety standards, the Safety Data Sheet should be
consulted prior to the product handling.
HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - PRODUCT SAFETY

4

Sealants come in different forms. They can pose safety risks to workers in the formof fires and explosions, or health risks due to their chemical properties.

HygieneDo not eat or consume any food or drink in chemical storage areas. The designatedarea where sealants are handled or used may cause health hazards due to theemission of toxic vapour from certain sealants.
It is highly recommended to refer to the Safety Data Sheet for the requirements of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as hand gloves, safety masks, respirators,
protective clothing, eye protection and/or adequate ventilation. Care should be
adopted to minimize skin contact. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations or
instructions on barriers and cleansing agents appropriate for their products.

5

HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - PRODUCT SAFETY

Spillage and waste disposal
Spillage should address immediately. Follow the appropriate procedure asavailable in Safety Data Sheet regarding spillage. Generally, inert material canbe used to soak up the spillage which further can be accommodated in asuitably closed container for safer disposal.
To avoid any latent explosion and/or fire hazard, the solvent-based sealants(it can be adhesives or PU foams) must be dispose-off carefully. Keep empty
container open or either carefully punctured to maximize the eliminationof solvent vapour-air expansion and development of internal pressure whensubject to the ambient temperature.
Warning: Precautionary measures should be adopted for Aerosol Packages as they are pressurized and must not
be punctured unless all internal pressure has been relieved.

Usage
Protect Skin from sealant while its application there should not be any
skin contact. Wear approved goggles or face shields to protect eyes fromsplashes and gloves all time while handling and applying sealants specifically
low-viscosity sealants. To remove sealant from the skin, suitable antiseptic
cleaning agents should be used in lieu of straight solvents.
Avoid inhaling the sealant vapours. It is recommended to have appropriate
ventilation while application of sealants and adhesives. By ensuring adequate
ventilation, the buildup of solvent vapours also known as hot spots can be
avoided in the work atmosphere.
It is recommended to make possible the use of flameproof exhaust fans where
necessary. In case of non-availability, then suitable breathing apparatus, suchas respirators, should be worn.
HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - PRODUCT SAFETY

6

Proper Storage/Transport of
Sealant

7

HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - PROPER STORAGE/TRANSPORT OF SEALANT•

Storage temperature - between +5°C and +25°C.

•

Above +35°C, problems might occur.

Foam canisterbuild-uppressure inside

Neutral silicone
sealant changed its
chemical reaction

PU will accelerate its
shelf-life being highly
reactive etc.

•

Temperatures below +5°C until ca. -5°C do not directly cause
problems. Below -5°C dispersion (Acrylic-based) products can freeze.

•

In silicone sealants that contain acid, the crosslinker can crystallize
at temperatures below -5°C. By warming the sealant to above +5°C,
this crystallization can be reversed.

HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - PROPER STORAGE/TRANSPORT OF SEALANT

8

Application Guidelines for SealantDuring Sealant Installation:

9•

All sealants can be applied from ambient temperature of +5°C. Lower
temperatures resulting condensation or ice can occur on the surfaces. This
could make the bonding of the sealant fail.

•Ambient temperature more than +40°C will cause problems with application.
When the joints expand later on when temperatures drop, constant pressure
will be placed on the sealant, increasing the chance for de-bonding.

•

For this reason it is not recommended to seal highly operating joints during
hot weather, or in full direct sunlight, as this can cause blistering of thesealed joint.

HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR SEALANT

After Sealant Installation:•

During curing, in extreme situations the sealant can become deformed,
showing cracks or surfaces pressed together in the sealant joint.

•

Temperatures as low as -10°C will make the sealant more rigid. Dueto the cold and shrinkage, the joints are at their widest. Maximum
pressure is now exerted on the sealed joint.

•

Silicone based products being an exception, indifferent to temperatureand being as elastic at -10°C as at +20°C. Mostly neutral silicone
sealants with low modulus are used for dilatation joints in facades.
Products based on hybrid technology maintain elasticity over a wide
range of temperatures.

•Service temperature may vary for sealant to sealant. e.g. PU has-40°C to 80°C. Kindly check the respective TDS for this information.

HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR SEALANT

10

General Safety Guidelines

11•

No applicator is expected to undertake a job until that
person has received adequate training.

•

All applicators shall be trained on every potential
hazard that they could be exposed to and how toprotect themselves.

•

No applicator is required to work under conditions
that are unsanitary, dangerous or hazardous to theirhealth.

•Only qualified trained personnel are permitted tooperate machinery or equipment.

•

All injuries must be reported to supervision or foreman.
The manufacturer’s specifications or limitations or
instructions shall be followed.

•

For employees working in areas where there is apossible danger of head injury, Personal Protection
Equipment (PPE) shall protect against excessive noise
exposure, or potential eye and face injury.

•

All hand and power tools and similar equipment shallbe used according to its manual observing safety &maintained in a safe condition.

HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES•All materials stored in tiers shall be stacked, racked, blocked,
interlocked, or otherwise secured to prevent sliding, falling or
collapse.

•

The site engineer shall ensure that electrical equipment is free fromrecognized hazards that are likely to cause death or serious physicalharm to applicators.

•

All places in the construction site shall be kept clean, and the floorof every workroom shall be maintained, so far as practicable, in a dry
condition; standing water shall be removed. Where wet processes
are used, drainage shall be maintained and false floors, platforms,
mats or other dry standing places or appropriate waterproof footgear
shall be provided.

•

To facilitate cleaning, every floor, working place, and passageway
shall be kept free from protruding nails, splinters, loose boards,
holes and openings.

•

All floor openings, open-sided floor and wall openings shall be
guarded by standard railings and toe boards or cover.

•

Proper use of a railing, full-body harness, safety lanyard, scaffolding,lift, & ladder must be observed when working at heights in accordancewith local standards and regulation.

HEALTH & SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS - GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES

12

PREFACE

13

PREFACE - GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES

What is a sealant?
A sealant is a soft, pliable material thatis used to seal cracks or joints where
structural strength is not required. In
technical terms a sealant does haveroughly a shore A hardness below 40 andcomes with an E-modulus of maximum 0.7
N/mm,
The main function of a sealant is to preventthe penetration of water or moisture, air,dust, sound, & heat/fire between the elements,
components and assemblies made of the same ordissimilar materials.
Furthermore, this soft material can accommodatebuildings and civil engineering structures movements
and assure a durable, sustainable and above all afunctional tightness throughout their whole lifespan.

PREFACE - WHAT IS A SEALANT

14

15

PREFACE - WHAT IS A SEALANTExample 1:

A proper applied sealant on a backer rod with thecorrect joint width and joint depth.

Example 2:

Expansion of the building materials due totemperature absorption. The result is that thejoint in between the adjacent building materials
will be ‘smaller’.

Example 3:Contraction of the building materials due totemperature heat remittance. The result isthat the joint in between the adjacent building
materials will be ‘wider’.
PREFACE - WHAT IS A SEALANT

16

GENERALCONSIDERATIONSBEFORE APPLYINGSEALANT

17

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - WHAT IS A SEALANT

Substrate Requirement
CONCRETE
Pull-off and compressive strength
The Concrete substrate should have a minimum compressive strength of 25
MPa and Pull-Off strength of 1.5 MPa for 28 days. The Concrete must haveadequate mechanical properties and sound enough to produce the required
level of performance. Preliminary tests are required to obtain confirmation of
concrete strength if necessary.
Moisture Content
Before application of sealant, the moisture content is needed to determine.
The concrete surface should be completely dry or there should be no morethan 5% presence of moisture content. Primarily, hybrid Sealant and newgeneration PU have moisture content accommodation ranges 5% to 10%.
Therefore, applicators need to consider relative humidity and concrete age
as the prime factor that can affect the moisture activity of the sealant likesilicone.
Ambient, Surface Temperature and % Relative Humidity
The ambient temperature should between 5°C to 40°C. Concrete’s surface
temperature is preferably between 2°C to 50°C. Do not apply sealant at risingtemperatures. A temperature beyond 50°C can exhibit harmful reactions
while applied.
The application of sealant can be performed when the Relative Humidity
must be at least 3°C above from dew point and a maximum of 95% RH.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENT

18

GLASSThe Glass substrate is subject to the structural moments in horizontal as well as
the vertical directions. Therefore, the parameters such as dead load, wind load, andthermal variations should keep into consideration while designing the building glass
elements such as curtain walls, galls walls, and glass façades to address these
movements. Furthermore, the other related factors should also be considered as
far as building movements are concerned:
•
		
•
		
•
		

Movements due to occurrence of concrete shrinkage, regular and irregularsettlements and creep
Horizontal movement soft storey drift and consecutive floors drift due tostiffness of building
Vertical movement due to possible relative deflections of the moment
frame system of the building

Therefore, proper selection of sealant such as compatibility, movement
accommodation, UV resistance, weather resistance, water & air tightness etc.
should take into account for glass requirement.

19

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENTNATURAL STONE
Natural stones are widely used as façades of the building elevation. The
stone mainly granite, marble and sandstone are widely used to build theaesthetic of the façade. But these stones are highly sensitive when subject
to environmental and weathering actions. If the sealant has no appropriatecompatibility with stone and is used in joints then there will be staining
or streaking of the joint edges which can provide a high impact on thebeautification of the building façade.
Bostik, therefore, recommends special silicone and hybrid sealants whichhave system compatibility and suitability to use those with highly sensitive
nature stones. Bostik also recommends these special sealants for thesubstrate such as metal facades or Glass curtain walls which have theirjoint connectivity with the natural stones.
These sealants are formulated in such a way that they are free from thestaining compounds that could harm the natural stone. Accordingly, there isno migration of staining compounds through the pores of the stone therefore
Bostik described them as non-staining silicone sealants. They are also highly
recommended for Glass façades to avoid streaking on glass panels andmetal panels to have a clean façade appearance.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENT

20METAL (UNPAINTED), LEAD,
ALUMINUM, COPPER,STAINLESS STEEL,GALVANIZED IRON
Metals are widely used in form of pipes, HVAC
ducts, etc., and most are subject to environmental
effects such as oxidation, rusting and corrosion.
Therefore, the prior quality assurance performance
tests are required for sealant application.
Sealant for metals is basically formulated with ablend of rubber, resins and polymers. These aremostly known as Polyurethane sealants, hybridsealants and neutrally curing silicone sealants.
The metal sealant is mostly air drying, highly
viscous, and good adhesive in nature which
possess excellent vapour barrier, water/oil &airtight properties. Some sealants such as acetic
curing silicone sealants are immediately subject
to the corrosion effect on metal when in contact
with the moisture. Therefore, these are lesseffective to use

21

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENTALUMINUMCOMPOSITE PANEL
Aluminium Composite Panel (ACP) is
composed of thin coated aluminium sheets
and a non-aluminium core. Basically, it is athree-layered sandwich panel comprised ofa polythene or thermoplastic base core andtwo pre-coated aluminium sheets on eitherside of the core. ACP mostly use the externalside of the building structures because of theuniform dimensional stability, easy handling,strength and durability. There is also theexcellent performance of ACP when used asindoor building elements.
The suitability of the sealant formulation isneeded to require prior application on ACP as
the faces of the ACP are coated with protective
wax. Therefore, a prior compatibly check isadvisable for the ACP cladding panels.
The sealants formulated with plasticizers canharm the ACP as they tend to penetrate in anddamage the protective coating. Moreover, thepresence of the plasticizer can also become
the reason for the stains on the ACP surfaces
which is unacceptable as far as aesthetics isconcerned. Therefore, is advisable to selectcompatible and non-staining sealants forjoints between ACP panels

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENT

22

PLASTICS
Plastics are primarily composed of polymers as the main ingredient and areavailable in a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials. It can bemoulded in various shapes. Plastics are comprised of more than seven types.
Accordingly, the composition of plastics highly influences the bonding of sealants.
Bostik recommended the thumb rule that can be stated as follows
As a rule of thumb the following can be stated:
Bostik Hybrid Sealants:
Bostik S765 SILICONE PREMIUM:
Bostik S300 Series:

23

No primer required
Usually no primer required
A primer is necessary

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENTThe bonding test is always recommended for satisfactory performance.
• Polyethylene / Polypropylene / PTFE - For this type of plastic there is no
possibility of bonding. Moreover, the primers are also not applicable.
• Soft PVC - This plastic composition comprises the weakening agents
which can easily travel causing a sticking layer between the PVC andSealants within a few weeks. For PVC, the Bostik S765 SILICONEPREMIUM provides the best and most satisfactory results• Polystyrene - These are extremely sensitive to solvent-based sealants.
It is recommended to clean with alcohol.
• Horizontal movement due to inter-storey drift.
• Vertical movement due to possible relative deflections between
consecutive floors.
Polyacrylate, PMMA and Polycarbonate
Due to an inappropriate selection of sealants, the plastic can receive stresscracking. Further, most sealants are not able to create bonds with theseplastics. The use is Bostik S765 does not affect the plastics and usuallybonds well.
Plastics are also very highly sensitive to the temperature difference, withrelatively high expansion rates. It is very important to decide the correct
dimension and location of the joint.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENT

24

Substrate Preparation
CONCRETE• The concrete substrate must be sound and have a minimum compressive
strength of 25 N/mm² and a pull-off strength of 1.5 N/mm².
• The substrate must be clear of all loose materials, old coatings, curing
ingredients, release agents, laitance, oil grease, and other contaminants. It
must be in a saturated surface dry (SSD) state.
• Manual sanding or grinding is required to remove structurally unsafe layers
or surface impurities. Substrates heavily impregnated with oil must be
thoroughly clean by approved & safe methods in accordance with local andconstruction standards.

Procedure to correct uneven concrete joint profile:1.

Used sand paper or grinder to eliminate minute debris

2.

Allow saw cutting to make it straight profile

3.

Clean it manually or with the aid of industrial vacuum

Cleaning concrete surfaces are done using steel brushor paint brush. Too dusty surfaces are cleaned with wet
rags. For maximum adhesion, use primer such as Bostik
N49 Primer or Bostik T300 Universal Primer .
25

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE PREPARATIONGLASS & OTHERNON-POROUS SUBSTRATES• Grease, oil, and dust must not be present on any of the surfaces.
Surface treatment is critical for a long-lasting connection and depends
on the nature of the substrates.
• A clean lint-free cloth should be used to wipe all sealant-receiving
components thoroughly. Use the specified cleanser (Bostik Cleaner)
and a dry wipe thereafter for the best results (2-rag method).
• Apply the dry wipe with a clean towel. In cold weather, extra caremust be taken to avoid frost and/or condensation on the surfaces.
• All surfaces should be handled with care once they have been cleaned
and/or primed to avoid contamination.
• If sanding is not mandatory for cleaning, then do not sand as thiscreates scratches in the surface.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE PREPARATION

26

27

GENERALCONSIDERATIONSIII.
APPLICATIONOF PRIMER BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SUBSTRATE PREPARATION

Application Of Primer*
Substrate such as Concrete, Stone, and Wood are porous in nature so whenthese substrates are subject to routine water requires the bonding primer.
The application of primer is also essential for the surfaces which are too
porous or joints that experience high stresses and remain subject to theextreme weather exposure.  
The sealant can directly be applied on surfaces for the materials such as
glass, ceramics, metal and plastic as these materials are non-porous innature and do not require application of primer. For more details, read the
supplied product information sheet. The prior bonding test is recommended
for the materials which have several compositions such as plastic, painted
surfaces, coatings, powder coating, etc.
The bonding test can easily be performed by application of sealant beadto the surface and judge the bonding after curing. Follow the completematerial instruction provided by the manufacturer while applying bonding
primer specifically when minimum and maximum drying times of the primer
is concerned.
* For specific Bostik product for primers, cleaners and wipes,
consult Bostik representative or technical department.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - APPLICATION OF PRIMER

28

Primer Suitability Guide
GUIDE FOR PRIMINGBOSTIKPRODUCTBOSTIKPRODUCT

B535
B735

APPLICATIONAPPLICATIONSURFACESURFACE

A325
A585
A750
A975
A980
A990

P360
P590
P790
P795
P985

H560
H565
H725
H775
H950
H985

S300
S320
S520
S570
S730

S340
S545
S735
S740
S765
S960

POROUS

Pine wood untreated

-

x

P

P

P

P

Hard Wood

-

x

P

P

P

XP

Stone

X

x

XP

XP

P

XP

Concrete

X

x

XP

XP

0(1)

XP

Concrete blocks

X

x

XP

XP

0(1)

XP

Aerated concrete

X

x

P

P

0(1)

P

Limestone

-

x

P

P

0(1)

P

Gypsum

-

x

P

P

0(1)

P

Natural stone

-

x

-

X

-

0(4)

Marble

-

x

-

X

-

0(4)

The following indications are used:

X = Suitable application, mostly without primer
XP = Suitable applications, mostly with primer mandatory.
O = Application with limited suitability (footnotes do explain limitations)
P = Primer mandatory.
- = Not Suitable.
1. On fresh concrete the acids from the sealant can react with the alkalis in the concrete.
2. With water the loss of bonding power can occur.
3. With exposure to U.V. light the bonding can release.
4. Use only special types not causing discoloration. (for example Bostik S955 SEAL’N’FLEX NON-STAINING)
5. The acids released during the curing of the sealant can have a corrosive effect on the metal.
6. Discoloration can occur when elements of the rubber migrate through the sealant.
7. Bostik S955 SEAL’N’FLEX NON-STAINING is preferred due to possible stress-cracking.

29

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - PRIMER SUITABILITY GUIDEBOSTIKPRODUCTBOSTIKPRODUCT

B535
B735

APPLICATIONAPPLICATIONSURFACESURFACE

A325
A585
A750
A975
A980
A990

P360
P590
P790
P795
P985

H560
H565
H725
H775
H950
H985

S300
S320
S520
S570
S730

S340
S545
S735
S740
S765
S960

NON-POROUS

Glass

X

0(2)

0(3)

X

X

X

Ceramic

X

0(2)

X

X

X

X

Emanel

X

0(2)

X

X

X

X

Porcelain

X

0(2)

X

X

X

X

Iron

X

0(2)

XP

X

-(5)

XP

Sink

X

0(2)

XP

X

-(5)

X

Lead

X

0(2)

XP

XP

-(5)

XP

Copper

X

0(2)

XP

XP

0(5)

XP

Inox

X

0(2)

X

X

XP

X

Aluminium

X

0(2)

X

X

0(5)

X

Aluminium coated

X

0(2)

XP

XP

XP

XP

Polyethylene

-

-

-

-

-

-

Polypropylene

-

-

-

-

-

-

PTFE

-

-

-

-

-

-

Polyester

X

X

X

X

XP

X

PVC

X

X

X

X

XP

X

Polystyrene

X

X

X

X

XP

X

Polystrene foam

-

X

X

X

X

X

Polyacrylate

-

-

-

-

-

X(7)

Polycarbonate

-

-

-

-

-

X(7)

Wood + alkyd paint

X

X

X

X

X

X

Wood + disperision paint

X

X

X

X

X

X

Neoprene rubber

X

-

0(6)

0(6)

-

0(6)

Bitumen/tar

X

-

-

-

-

-

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - PRIMER SUITABILITY GUIDE

30

Backer Rod Selection

Backer rod is primarily made up of a foam which
is widely used in joints to control the amountof sealant and provide the backing in joints as
this rod is able to create the back stop. The
material used for backer rod is weaker innature as compared with sealant so that
there will be no obstruction in movementof the sealant in compression as wellas in expansion. Following are thetypes of backer rod that mostly
used in joints:

31

A

PU Backer rod (open cells)

B

PE Backer rod (closed cells)

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - BACKER ROD SELECTION

The round shape backer rod exhibits the best performance due to its
perfect dimension. It provides a large bonding surface which can’t beachieved with the thinner layer backer rod used in the middle of thesealant joint.
PU Backer Rod which is open cell foam that can easily be compressed andreturn to its original shape due to non-obstruction to air movement. It is
widely used for non-mechanical joints or joints which are not subject tocontact with the water. The joints in the façade are one example.
PE Backer Rod is used when the joint is in contact with the water or hasmechanical pressures. The foam used for PE Backer Rod is known as
closed-cell foam. Great care is required while placing PE Backer roads asthese are more critical than PU Backer rods.
Blistering is one the most critical issues that can occur due to thedamage of PE Backer Rod as it releases propellant such as gas or air
which causes blistering in the sealant joint. This happens because theair is locked between the rod and the sealant further exposure to direct
sunlight causes blisters.
The other materials such as wooden battens, rubber hoses, and1-component polyurethane foam which is not suitable to use as backer
rod as these are not effective in expansion of joints. The use of Polystyrene
foam as backer rod is less suitable as this can dissolve by primer whenapplied for the bonding with the sealant.
When it becomes difficult to accommodate a backer rod due to lessdepth of the joint, the self-adhesive PE form or PE foil can be effectively
used in lieu of backer rod. The Polyethylene backer rod allows the cured
sealant to move freely in the joint as there will be no bonding between
polyethylene and sealant which prevent bonding to respective threesurfaces.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - BACKER ROD SELECTION

32

Backer Rod Insertion Tool

In order to maintain proper joint depth, backer rod insertion tool can be used tohave consistent joint depth profile. Alternatively, improvised wooden insertion
tool can be also used as long as it won’t damage backer rod.

Joint Design & Backer Rod
Placement
The joint design ratio should be:

Depth of joint : Width of joint
1 : 2 for >12mm width gap
1 : 1 for < 12mm width gap
Or use this formula:

Joint Depth =Width Joint
3

+6

W
W/2

BACKER ROD
33

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - BACKER ROD INSERTION TOOLTable of Backer Rod Sizes
Correct Backer Rod Sizing
Joint Width
in Inches and (Millimeters)

Closed-Cell Backer Rod
Recommended Diameterin Inches and (Millimeters)

Open-Cell Backer Rod
Recommended Diameterin Inches and (Millimeters)

3/16 inch (5 mm)

1/4 inch (8 mm)

1/4 inch (6 mm)

1/4 (6)

3/8 (9)3/8 (8)3/8 (10)

1/2 (13)

1/2 (13)
5/8 (16)

1/2 (13)

5/8 (16)

9/16 (14)

3/4 (17)

3/4 (17)

5/8 (16)

3/4 (19)

3/4 (20)

11/16 (17)7/8 (20)

7/8 (21)

3/4 (19)

1 (25)

1 (24)

7/8 (22)

1-1/8 (29)

1-1/8 (28)

1 inch (25 mm)

1-3/8 inch (33 mm)

1-1/4 inch (31 mm)

1-1/8 (29)1-1/2 (39)1-3/8 (36)1-1/4 (32)

1-5/8 (43)1-5/8 (40)

1-3/8 (35)

1-7/8 (47)

1-3/4 (44)1-1/2 (38)

2 (51)

1-7/8 (48)

1-5/8 (41)2-1/8 (55)

2 (51)

1-3/4 (44)2-3/8 (59)2-1/4 (55)

1-7/8 (48)2-1/2 (64)2-3/8 (60)2 inch (51 mm)

2-5/8 inch (68 mm)

2-1/2 inch (64 mm)

2-1/4 (57)

2-7/8 (74)2-3/4 (71)2-1/2 (64)3-1/4 (83)3-1/8 (80)2-3/4 (70)3-5/8 (91)3-3/8 (87)

3 (76)

3-7/8 (98)3-3/4 (95)3-1/2 (89)4-1/2 (115)

4-3/8 (111)

4 (102)5-1/8 (132)

5 (128)GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - TABLE OF BACKER ROD SIZES

34

Masking Tape Installation

Place the masking tape at edge of the linear joint to avoid excessive scatteringor contamination of sealant.

Sealant Gun Selection

Manual (closed barrel) gun is prefer in dispensing sealant.
There are two reasons. First, available packaging is in
600mL sausage mostly for project sites (long linear
joints) which are majority in Asia Pacific. Secondly,
applicator can detach the stopper frommanual gun to make it suitable for 300mL
cartridge sealant.

In Bostik, there are battery operated
guns that fit to sausage & cartridge/tube
sizes for faster and efficient extrusionof sealant.
On the other hand, for cartridge or tube
size (~300mL) sealant, manual caulking
gun is commonly used.

35

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - MASKING TAPE INSTALLATIONSealant Gun Preparation
Inspect the sausage whether there are lumps,
hardened or poor quality of seam/weld.

Cut the tip of nozzle and insert the sausage inside
the manual gun

NOZZLEcut diagonally

Cut the nozzle diagonally according to joint width
dimension

Close the lid of sealant gun

Extrude an ample amount of sealant before
applying it into large linear joint to inspect lumps
or hardened sealant. Remove it afterwards

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE APPLYING SEALANT - SEALANT GUN PREPARATION

36PRACTICALLAB TESTFOR SEALANT

37

PRACTICAL LAB TEST FOR SEALANT - SEALANT GUN SELECTION

Slump Test

Determine the sag of a sealant when vertically applied

1. Get a sturdy illustration board 15’’ x 20’’ (1/4) on which sealants are tobe applied. Draw two circles with diameter of 30-50mm as reference
2. Place this illustration board on the wall and make it stable preferablyusing Bostik Blu Tack as adhesive.
3. Extrude the sealant on a 1st circle creating a descending pattern as
shown above. Do the same pattern for another sealant.
4. Observe sealant holding form and not sliding from the board or
drooping over.
PRACTICAL LAB TEST FOR SEALANT - SLUMP TEST38

Toolability Test

Determine how easy to tool & finish sealant
1. On top of flat and stable surface, extrude the sealant
2. Spread the sealant on the given surface using spatula
3. Using finishing soap e.g. Bostik T500 sprayed on top of sealant, tool itusing hand with glove
4. Observe whether transfer of sealant to applicator’s hand is visible.
Without transfer signifies that sealant is readily tool-able

39

PRACTICAL LAB TEST FOR SEALANT - TOOLABILITY TESTSmoothness Test

Determine the whether un-dissolved materials
present in sealant
1. Apply an ample amount of sealant.
2. Spread the sealant using flat card into thin and smooth finish.
3. Observe the consistency of the sealant.
4. Poor quality sealant will often look grainy, lumpy, rough etc.

PRACTICAL LAB TEST FOR SEALANT - SMOOTHNESS TEST

40

String Test

Minimal stringing assists with application ease andcleanliness of the finished seal making the productmore workable.
1. Gun a thick bead of sealant along a card or paper.
2. After approx. 60mm release the pressure catch.
3. Slowly drag away the nozzle, observing the stringiness of the sealant.
4. Repeat with competitor product to show advantage.

41

PRACTICAL LAB TEST FOR SEALANT - STRING TESTTack-Free Time Test

It measures of the time interval before the sealantresists damage by touch or light surface contact
1. Get illustration board and apply 10-12mm beads of sealants(right).
Alternatively, spread the sealant on card board(left).
2. Record the temperature & relative humidity using thermo-hygrometer
device. Test the surface of sealant by touching it using metal or plastic
rod for different time intervals.
3. Determine the final time until no sealant will transfer to the rod.
4. Significance of this test are sealant can resists job-site airborne dirt
pick-up & resists impinging rainfall.

PRACTICAL LAB TEST FOR SEALANT - TACK-FREE TIME TEST42

SEALING
PRE-CASTPANEL43SEALING PRE-CAST PANEL - TACK-FREE TIME TESTIntroduction

The precast is referred to as the prefabricated construction which includes
the fabrication of major structural elements following the standardised
procedure at the fabrication plant which is located away from the site andthen transported and erected after assembling the structural elements on
the site. The prefabricated structural elements are manufactured at theplant by following the industrial procedures in a bulk quantity to complete
the demand for a large number of buildings within a short time at a low
cost. Keeping in view the successful building performance, the exterior of
the building must be able to keep rain and other weathering actions awayfrom the building’s occupants. Accordingly, the precast concrete panels are
relatively impermeable to water. Concrete panels do not allow moisture topenetrate through them. It is the basic requirement of the joint between the
precast concrete panels and other building materials that they do not allow
water and air to penetrate through the building envelope. Therefore, it isnecessary to make the right selection while selecting the sealant for making
joints that should give the best performance when subject to the different
types of stress. For this purpose, the right joint dimensions, proper surface
cleaning and right application technique are required.

SEALING PRE-CAST PANEL - INTRODUCTION

44

Materials Needed For Sealing
Pre-Cast Panels

Tooling spatula can be used are putty knife with different sizes,
scrapper or wooden spatula

Nozzle cutter can be used
to cut the tip of sealant’s
nozzlePlastic nozzle provided bysealant manufacturer

For optimum adhesion and in areas ofcritical, high performance applications
such as high stress joints, extreme weather
exposure or surfaces that are too porous,
the use of substrate primer is required.
45

Masking tape is used to
avoid contamination ofsealant during tooling

It is highly recommended to used Bostik
T500 Finishing Soap as tooling solution
because it will not make sealant’ surface
sticky after cured & it is biodegradable.

SEALING PRE-CAST PANEL - MATERIALS NEEDED FOR SEALING PRE-CAST PANELS

Other Tools & Equipment
Might Needed

Pull-off Tester

Portable machine used to measureadhesion strength of concrete

Thermo-hygrometer

Useful measuring device for determination ofboth air temperature and relative humidity

Industrial
VacuumMoisture Meter

Used to measure the percentage of water inconcrete by means of electrical impendence

Infrared Thermometer

Use to measure substrate &/or
product’s temperature

Concrete Grinder

Wet and dry
industrial grade
vacuum cleaner use
for collecting dust
and minute loose
particles during
substrate preparation
along concrete joint

Use some sort ofabrasive to grind or cut& polish the surface
using diamond grinding
cup wheels. Unevenconcrete profile should
treat this machine inorder to have uniform
linear joint

SEALING PRE-CAST PANEL - OTHER TOOLS & EQUIPMENT MIGHT NEEDED46

Sealant Extrusion,
Tooling & Finishing

Place the masking
tape at edge of thelinear joint to avoid
excessive scatteringor contamination ofsealant.

47

Extrude the sealantat angle of 45
degrees filling thejoint correctly.

Apply the sealantwith care. It is
important to fill theentire joint. Thiscan be done by
applying sufficientsealant to the backof the joint or the
backer rod. This
causes the sealant
to be pressed toboth sides of thejoint, creating agood surface forbonding between
sealant andjoint.

SEALING PRE-CAST PANEL - SEALANT EXTRUSION, TOOLING & FINISHING

Push the leverat the back ofsealant gun after
use to avoid
continuous
dispensing ofsealant.

Using putty knife or
scrapper or metal/
wooden spatula, tool
the sealant downward
to achieve uniform
surface profile.

Remove the masking
tape slowly preventing
any contamination atsealant’s surface.

For any uneven or
non-contact sealant toconcrete, spray Bostik
T500 Finishing Soap
on sealant’s surface,then tool properly tohave perfectly smoothsurface.

SEALING PRE-CAST PANEL - SEALANT EXTRUSION, TOOLING & FINISHING

48

GLAZING

49

GLAZING - SEALANT EXTRUSION, TOOLING & FINISHING

Introduction
With recent development in the construction industry and modernization in building
envelope, the curtain walls which are also known as structural glazing systems are
becoming trending for high-rise as well as low-rise buildings, specifically commercial
projects. Along with the beautiful visualisation, the glazing elements are also energy
efficient for houses and buildings. Due to up-gradation and improvement in standards,
insulating Glazing including second and triple glazing with warm edge spacers, arebecoming a part of the standard.
The most important part of the glazing curtain walls and other glazing
elements is the arrangement and accommodation of connection
joints. The requirement of the connection joints are that it should
be waterproof, airtight and if possible contribute to thelambda-value of the adjacent elements. It is, therefore,
efficient
and/orhigh-performancebuilding
element, also requires a high performance andsuitable sealant and adhesive. Therefore
Bostik’s aim is to continuously
focusing on the development ofhigh-end products keeping
in view quality, durability
and sustainability
as priorities.

GLAZING - INTRODUCTION

50

Bostik Scope in Glazing Application
INSULATING GLASS (TOP SEAL)
Insulating glass units are widely used in structurally glazed facades
to improve the thermal performance of a facade. With the help of theinsulating glass units, the Architects and designers are now using the larger
areas of glass that can be used as façades while having the best thermal
performance of the building. This allows the designers to increase thesuitability of materials while designing the façade system using modern
technology and developments.

LAMINATED (SAFETY) GLASS
It is made by pasting PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin glue film between two
or more pieces of glass sheet, then heating, pressing and bonding them
together to create a flat or curved compound glass product. The glass sheet
for making laminated glass can be ordinary glass, float glass, tempered
glass, coloured glass, heat-absorbing glass or heat-reflecting glass etc.

SINGLE SHEET GLASS
is made using a series of rollers that draws the molten glass vertically up
out of the mixing tank (where the glass is still a liquid). This includes further
rolling up vertically and then as it is cooling, turned horizontally, for further
cooling and processing.

51

GLAZING - BOSTIK SCOPE IN GLAZING APPLICATIONMONUMENTAL GLASS
A semi-transparent with a distinctive pattern offers privacy and natural light.
The door glass, by law, will have a safety-logo on each panel of glass in thedoor.

FIRE RETARDANT GLASS
It is specialized glass that has been proven to provide a period of protection
against fire during a fire test. The degree of protection offered depends on
the type of fire-rated glass used but generally speaking, all fire-rated glass
acts as a barrier to help prevent the spread of flames and smoke in the eventof a fire.

WEATHER SEALING GLASSGlass facade must be absolutely waterproof and fulfil the highest expectationsof quality and aesthetics.This requires high-performance weather sealing.
The individual elements are ultimately subject to extreme movements due
to temperature changes, UV exposure, shrinkage of construction materials,
sound, wind and vibrations, which may affect the joints and adjacent elements.

GLAZING - BOSTIK SCOPE IN GLAZING APPLICATION

52

PAINTABLE GLASSGlass that has been coloured, esp. by having pigments baked onto its
surface or by having various metallic oxides fused into it.

WET AND DRY GLAZING SYSTEMS
Since glass itself is impervious to water penetration, the waterproofing
performance is determined by the glazing method and the way of installation.
Waterproofing glazing systems can be executed by so-called wet glazing anddry glazing solutions.
Wet glazing means applying a wet sealant out of a cartridge or aluminumsausages with a professional caulking gun as a waterproofing seal.
Dry glazing systems use pre-formed solid rubber glazing seals. These preformed solid rubber glazing seals are extruded in a factory and packed onrolls.
On some occasions, wet and dry systems can be used in combination. Bothsystems do come with advantages and disadvantages. In the table below, we
will explain them.

53

GLAZING - BOSTIK SCOPE IN GLAZING APPLICATIONGlazing system

Wet glazing:

Applying a sealant overbacker rod or glazing tape

Advantages

Disadvantages

High resistance to water and air
penetration, Adheres perfectly
to glass and adjacent materials
and it generates an uninterrupted
seal

Requires exterior access for
installation, maintenance andglass removal

Protects the unit edges andlaminated glass from water andpremature deterioration

Workmanship dependent (surface
preparation, weather, etc.)

Reduces glass movement, “walk”,
as the sealant acts

Can costs more than dry glazing

UV resistant

Dry glazing:

Installing a pre-formed solid
rubber glazing seals backer
rod or glazing tape

Can be installed from the interior

Not as water and airtightLess dependent workmanshipand weather

Can be affected by UV over alonger period of time
Pre-formed solid rubber glazing
seals can shrink, creating
openings for water and air
penetration

Generally less costly than wet
glazing

Pre-formed solid rubber glazing
seals can roll into pocket andplace uneven stress on glass
Glass can “walk”

GLAZING - BOSTIK SCOPE IN GLAZING APPLICATION

54

Sealant Types for Glazing
SILICONE SEALANTS

Silicone sealants are construction sealants with excellent resistance toweathering and ageing. They are used to seal all types of construction joints.
Silicone sealants cure by absorbing moisture from the air to form a silicone
rubber seal capable of extreme movement (±25% for CE Marking and 50% for
ASTM).

SILICONE ADVANTAGES• Excellent extensibility• Excellent recovery• Extreme resistance to weathering (including UV) and ageing• Easily applied at all temperatures• Good to excellent adhesion

HYBRIDS
Hybrid is the fast growing elastic sealant and adhesive technology. It combines
a wide adhesion spectrum, paintability, bubble-free curing and applicability
to damp substrates. In addition, hybrids products contain no isocyanates.

55

GLAZING - SEALANT TYPES FOR GLAZINGHYBRID ADVANTAGES• Excellent recovery• Extreme resistance to weathering (including UV) and ageing• Good adhesion to most substrates• Hydrophilic; even adhesion to damp surfaces• High mechanical resistance• Human friendly to use• Paintable

GLAZING - SEALANT TYPES FOR GLAZING56

CE CLASSIFICATION (EUROPE)
In today’s world, globalization and harmonization become commonly used andfamiliar terms. This is also true at building standards and regulations. Within
Bostik we embrace this movement and strive for a globalized standard which
provide transparency and simplicity in sealing and bonding.

‘CLASS’ ABBREVIATIONS MEAN:• LM refers to a ‘softer’ sealant and stand for low modulus. Low
modulus performing sealants can withstand a movement capability
		 of 20 and 25%.
• HM refers to a ‘harder’ sealants and stand for high modulus. High		 modulus performing sealants can withstand a movement capability
		 of 20 and 25%.
• CC for cold(er) climate applications.
One of the most familiar, and for Europe mandatory standards in the sealantindustry is the CE Classification, or also known as the standard EN 15651.

57

GLAZING - SEALANT TYPES FOR GLAZINGEN 15651-2 SEALANTS FOR GLAZING
EN 15651-2 sets out definitions and requirements for non-structural, elastic
joint sealants for sealing glazing in buildings. Included are glazing joints at
an angle of 7° to the horizontal. The areas in which these joint sealants areused are:• Glass to glass• Glass to frames• Glass to porous carrier materials

Application

Movement
capability

Type G

± 25%

± 20%

Class

Elastic
recovery

Loss of volume

25LM

≥70%

≤10%

25HM

≥70%

≤10%

20LM

≥60%

≤10%

20HM

≥60%

≤10%

GLAZING - SEALANT TYPES FOR GLAZING58

ASTM INTERNATIONALThe ASTM C920-18 ‘Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants’
covers the properties of a cured single or multicomponent cold-appliedelastomeric joint sealant for sealing, caulking, or glazing operations onbuildings, plazas, and decks for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of
construction other than highway and airfield pavements and bridges. A
sealant qualifying under this specification shall be classified as to type, grade
and class.

USE
Uses M, G, and A refer to sealants that remain adhered, within given parameters,
to various standard specimens including, respectively, mortar (M), glass (G),and aluminum (A) when tested for cyclic movement and adhesion-in-peel. It
is important to understand that the specimens related to these designations
are not those specified for the Project but those that comply with restrictive
material specifications in the ASTM test methods.

TYPE
Type S products are those supplied in pre-packaged cartridges or other forms
in which no jobsite mixing is required.

59

GLAZING - SEALANT TYPES FOR GLAZINGGRADE
Grade NS products are suitable for installation in joints in vertical surfaces
without sagging at temperatures between 40 and 122 deg. F (5 and 50°C).

Application

Type S

Single Comp.

Type NS

Single Comp.

Use

G

Glass

A

Aluminium

Class

Movement Capability

100/50100% expansion / 50% compression

50

50% expansion / 50% compression

35

35% expansion / 35% compression

25

25% expansion / 25% compression

12.5

12,5% expansion / 12,5% compression

GLAZING - SEALANT TYPES FOR GLAZING

60

Method of Application
GLAZING SEALANT

Pre-Installation Meeting
All material shall be used complying with Bostik’s printed instructions. During
the bid stage, a joint meeting should be held to review material technicalspecifications, performance tests, and procedure of sealant application prior
to the commencement of work on the project. A Bostik representative should
be present at the start of each job to review procedures and instruct insealant application.
Adhesion Testing
Prior to the movement of the units to storage, the sealant needs to properly
adhere to the substrate. When the adhesion test shows cohesive separationof the sealant, proper adhesion has been achieved.

61

GLAZING - METHOD OF APPLICATIONSEALANT APPLICATION• The glazing sealant shall be installed according to Bostik’s method of
application stipulated in TDS. All surfaces must be properly cleaned
using Bostik T100 Universal Cleaner or other approved solution.
• The surfaces to which the glazing sealant will adhere should bedesigned smooth: free of nubs,serrations, grooves or other features,
so as to not impede the flow of the glazing sealant or wetting of thesealant to the substrates on its entire surface contact depth.
• Prime surfaces (if necessary) using Bostik Primer, taking care toprotect the surfaces that do not require primer. Consult Bostik
representative for specific primer selection. See page 28.
• Refer to page 35 for masking tape & pages 31-34 for backer rod
selection & installation.

Cleaning the glass joint using clean “nano-fibre” ragor with the aid of Bostik T100 Universal Cleaner

GLAZING - METHOD OF APPLICATION

62

• Apply the sealant with care. It is important to fill the entire joint. Thiscan be done by applying sufficient sealant to the back of the joint or
the backer rod. This causes the sealant to be pressed to both sidesof the joint, creating a good surface for bonding between sealant andjoint.
• All sealant beads must be tooled immediately after application,
forcing the sealant into contact with the sides of the joint, promoting
a full and continuous contact of the sealant with both substrates.
This reduces the risk of air entrapment.

63

GLAZING - METHOD OF APPLICATIONBOSTIK T500 FINISHING SOAP
Joint sealant finishing additive
BOSTIK T500 FINISHING SOAP is a ready mixed
neutral universal additive for the wet tooling ofsealants in joints. BOSTIK T500 FINISHING SOAP
is more than 99% Biodegradable
Bostik PE Glazing Tape
BOSTIK PE GLAZING TAPE is a self-adhesive
reinforced tape that can be used in timber andsteel frames.
Bostik Spatula
A set of three professional wooden spatula foreasy tooling and finishing of sealant joints.

GLAZING - METHOD OF APPLICATION

64

OTHER FACADESEALING

65

OTHER
FACADE REQUIREMENTSEALING - METHOD OF APPLICATIONIII.
SUBSTRATE

Consideration About Staining
WHAT IS STAINING?
Staining can occur when applying a sealant or adhesive on a natural and/or
artificial stone surface. The migration of oils or other liquids creates a darker“wet-looking” stain on both sides of the natural stone where the sealant
is applied. This effect can be seen after the curing phase of the sealant oradhesive. This can occur after several weeks, months, or even years. This
staining effect on the natural and artificial stone does have a negative visual
aspect. Technically, both the substrate as well as the sealant or adhesivearen’t affected negatively in performance and durability.

WHAT CAUSES STAINING?
Staining or edge soiling is most often caused by non-reacted plasticizers,
solvents or fluids in the sealant and adhesive that can leach out of the sealantafter it cures. Every sealant and adhesive formulation, whether inorganic ororganic, is different. Any standard sealant or adhesive can cause or initiate
staining. Therefore, if you need to apply a sealant or adhesive to these socalled sensitive building and construction materials, we highly recommend
you select products that don’t contain plasticizers and aren’t diluted.

OTHER FACADE SEALING - CONSIDERATION ABOUT STAINING

66

ASTM C-1248
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing andMaterials, is an international standards organization that develops andpublishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a wide range ofmaterials, products, systems, and services. Bostik is using for sealants andadhesives relevant ASTM standards, amongst others the ASTM C-1248. The
ASTM C-1248 is a standard test method for ‘Staining of Porous Substrate by
Joint Sealant. The ASTM C-1248 is a test method that covers an accelerated
laboratory procedure to determine if a joint sealant has a probability ofstaining a porous substrate.
The ASTM C-1248 will make out of 24 substrates, and 12 test specimens(25x25x75mm), between which the sealant or adhesive is applied in thedimension of 49x25x13mm. The test specimens are compressed andclamped out the joint movement capability we’ve mentioned in our
technical datasheets. 4 Test specimens are stored at standard conditions,while under compression for up to 28 days. 4 Test specimens are exposedin an oven (@70 ± 2°C), while under compression for up to 28 days. The last
4 test specimens will be exposed under compression for up to 28 days inan ultraviolet (UV) fluorescent test chamber.
The full test procedure can be read in the ASTM C-1248 document and canbe purchased at https://www.astm.org

67

OTHER FACADE SEALING - CONSIDERATION ABOUT STAINING

Natural Stone Façade
Natural stone is used in kitchens, floors, walls, bathrooms, dining rooms,
around swimming pools, building foyers, public areas and facades. Since
ancient times, stone has been popular for building and decorative purposes.
It has been valued for its strength and durable properties. It can be cut,cleft, or sculpted to shape as required, and the variety of natural stone types,
textures, and colours provide an exceptionally versatile range of building
materials. The porosity and makeup of most stone does, however, leave it
prone to certain types of damage if unsealed.

Using the wrong sealants
causes staining of natural stoneelements.

The right specimen has been
sealed with non-staining
sealant and exposed for 4
weeks to 70°C under 50%
compression.

OTHER FACADE SEALING - CONSIDERATION ABOUT STAINING

68

BOSTIK NON-STAINING PRODUCTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

69

BOSTIK H985 SEAL’N’FLEX WEATHER SHIELDBOSTIK H980 HIGH TACK PREMIUM
BOSTIK S960 SILICONE NON-STAININGBOSTIK S955 SEAL’N’FLEX NON-STAININGBOSTIK P795 SEAL’N’FLEX PREMIUM
BOSTIK H750 SEAL’N’BOND PREMIUM
BOSTIK H505 SEAL’N’BOND CRYSTALOTHER FACADE SEALING - CONSIDERATION ABOUT STAININGOTHER BOSTIK PRODUCTS PASSEDON ASTM C1248• BOSTIK H725 SEAL’N’FLEX FAÇADE
• BOSTIK P795 SEAL’N’FLEX PREMIUM• BOSTIK P590 SEAL’N’FLEX ONE PLUS

LIABILITY:
All supplied information is the result of our tests andexperience and is of general nature. However they do
not imply any liability. It is the responsibility of the user
to verify by his own tests if the product is suitable forthe application.

OTHER FACADE SEALING - CONSIDERATION ABOUT STAINING

70

Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP)

ACP materials are laminated products. These products come in an extremely wide
variety of color finishes thus they offer larger quantities of fabrication for building
facade.

COMMON TOP PROTECTIVE
LAYER USED FOR ACPPOLYESTER COATINGThe polyester paint itself is considered
a protector and is placed alone on thecoating layer.

PVDF COATING
Is a fluoropolymer resin that is highly inert
and stable, providing excellent resistancefrom metal weathering over time.

71

OTHER FACADE SEALING - ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANEL (ACP)Metal Cladding
Panel
Metal Cladding Panel involves coveringbuilding materials e.g. Aluminum, steel, zinc,copper etc. with another ‘layer’ to provide
protection against changes in temperature,
wind, water absorption, and pollution, all ofwhich can damage the structural integrity ofa building and its aesthetics.
It has protective layer, commonly powder(e.g. polyester or epoxy) coating that is
applied as a free-flowing & dry powder. It
adds extra strength and thickness, making
them increasingly resistance to damage.

OTHER FACADE SEALING - METAL CLADDING PANEL

72

Things to Consider in Sealing ACP/
Metal Cladding Panel
COMPATIBILITY OF SEALANT

Conduct a adhesion test on mock-up sample of ACP/metal cladding panel to sealant.
Adhesion issue might arise on protective coating used such as PVDF, polyester orpowder coating.

Protective coating (paint) or powder coated surfaces

Layers of paint must bond well to the surface. Remove loose layers of paint.
All painted or powder coated layers are seen as plastics, with a wide variety ofcompositions. The composition of paints between brands can be very different.
Bonding of these surfaces can show very different results. Powder coatings cancontain elements which make bonding impossible. The bonding of sealants topaints/plastics can only be assured by testing on the material itself prior to use.
When sealants containing solvents or plasticizers are used, the material must beable to withstand to these.

73

OTHER FACADE SEALING - METAL CLADDING PANELCLEANING THE JOINT
During installation of panels, protective film shall remove to expose ACP.
There is waxy component present on ACP’s surface & edge. It is highly
recommended to use Bostik T100 Universal Cleaner. Consult Bostik
representative or updated TDS regarding the application of this product.

Bostik T100 Universal Cleaner
Powerful cleaner for
non-porous substrates

Using Bostik T100 Universal Cleaner
to promote better wetting of sealant

Using Bostik Primer (if necessary)by two way cloth method

OTHER FACADE SEALING - METAL CLADDING PANEL

74

STAINING OF SEALANT
As migration of plasticizer is detrimental aesthetically to ACP’s surface, it ishighly recommended to use Bostik non-staining sealant with complianceto ASTM C1248 standard.

Sealing of ACP & metal cladding using Bostik H725 Seal N Flex Façade

75

OTHER FACADE SEALING - METAL CLADDING PANELOTHER FACADE SEALING - METAL CLADDING PANEL

76

INSPECTION,
MAINTENANCE & REPAIR
OF JOINT SEALANTS

77

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - METAL CLADDING PANEL

Joint Repair

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

78

Inspection, maintenanceand joint repair
A properly applied and well-maintained sealant will lastfor many years, sometimes up to or even longer than 30
years. However early repairs or replacements of sealants
might happen and most likely are caused by:
•
•
•
•
•

Detachment of sealant from surface
Growth of fungus on sealant joints
Damage by construction, mistakes or overpressure
Degradation by chemicals
Damage by animals like mice and birds

As the sealant mostly keeps moisture out of the building
construction it is of great importance to flag and repair
joints in time to prevent further damage. Althoughthese leakages become visible during rainy periods, it
is recommended to have regular inspections to prevent
damage.

79

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIRINSPECTIONFirst inspection of joints must be carried out 1
year after application, followed by a biannual
inspection. This inspection should be combinedwith the inspection of the paint work. The mosteffective way is to judge the joints during thecolder season as building materials shrink themost in low temperatures, resulting in the widest
joints. This period is best to judge if the sealants
are still able to cope with the pressure, and if
detachments appear.
During inspection pay specific attention to:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Detachment/adhesion-loss or cracks insealant (cohesion-detachment)
Damages
Afflictions/fungi
Weathering
General state of maintenance ofsurrounding materials
Tackiness

Where the sealant is not functioning as it should,(local) repair must take place.

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

80

DETACHMENTS
Detachments in facades of buildings can result in leakage. When leakage isnoticed but the exact cause and location is unclear, the exact spot should
be found by testing. We have two methods for this test:•••

Visual (most common)
Test with a (garden) hose
Test with a smoke test

PROBLEM SOLVING
With a hose, the façade of the building can be sprayed with water fromthe lowest point upwards. The interior check is conducted for the water
entering the building. It is possible that no signs are found of the leakage.
But, it is possible that the leakage will only appear when there is a combined
effect of the rain and wind pressure on the façade. Wind Pressure causes
overpressure on the outside whereas under pressure appears inside of thebuilding. For this reason, the water can get stuck inside through the small
openings. The mechanism becomes more critical in tall buildings when thewater can be pushed up and find its way inside..
However, a smoke test is performed to check the leak points easily especiallywhen wind pressure occurs. It is necessary to review available building plans
and consult to determine the possible causes of the leakage.
For Drainage System, the drain holes must be kept open as water willaccumulate in the construction when these are closed, effectively causing
leakage and degradation. However, when the loss of adhesion appears andrepaid is needed, further investigation is required to find the cause of thedetachment.
81

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

THERE ARE SEVERAL POSSIBLE REASONS
•

•
•

•
•

When detachment appears in the joint everywhere, it is clear on firstinspection that the applied sealant probably does not bond with thesurface of the joint. Accordingly, the repair should take place witha sealant that is specified for the substrate for which the joint isprepared in order to get proper bonding (Pre-Test).
There is also the possibility that the surface of the substrate andsealant do not tolerate each other. In such a scenario, repair with asealant which does tolerate is considered for the joint surface.
Detachment of joints can also be appeared by overloading thesealant. It can be verified by measuring the gap between the surface
and sealant. If the gap is more than 25% of the original sealant joint,
this means the joint has been overloaded and an adjustment of theconstruction is required by grinding the joints.
When the sealant is securely bonded to the other parts whichindicates a local cause, e.g. damp spots while applying the sealant.
This may also cause when insufficient primer was applied.
Insufficient use of the sealant to fill the gaps is another cause.
Partially filled joints resulting in local detachments that can be filledwith touch-up of the same sealant which was applied originally.

When detachments are cohesive, in case of cracks in the sealant joint
itself, this indicates over-pressured joints. Before any repairs, the causeof the cohesive cracks must be determined. The cause can be too large adeformation of the joint or too low elasticity of the sealant used. In case of
too-large deformations, the joint can be widened to accept more activity.
When the elasticity of the sealant used is the cause, the problem can besolved by using a more elastic type of sealant or a sealant which still has ahigh elasticity at low temperatures.

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

82

DAMAGE
Damage can have several causes. In horizontal joints like floors, corridors etc.
this can be caused by mechanical stress. Also, by “picking out“ damages canarise that need to be touched up. Animals like birds and mice, also snails, are
known to eat sealants. Generally, these are defects which can be repaired
locally. It is best to execute these repairs with the same sealant that was
originally used.

DEGRADATIONS/FUNGIThe contact of Fungi, bacteria and chemicals with sealant can degrade thejoints. Moreover, the visual appearance also changes for which repair ofjoints becomes mandatory. It is required to ensure that the previously usedsealant is correct or need to apply other sealants which can overcome
degradation and perform best. Specifically, for antifungal sealant, the fungi
may appear due to the following major causes:••

83

Continued water exposure causes the leach out of the anti-fungal
protection due to which antifungal operation is suspended.
The anti-fungal operation of sealant can also be terminated due tothe use of detergent and chemicals which cause degradation of thesealant. For the above reasons, the joint should be considered themaintenance joint which requires regular repairs.

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

WEATHERING
Weathering is the outdoors natural process which occurs when the joint
is subject to ultraviolet light and water. However, this completely depends
on the type of sealant used for the preparation of the joint. Some sealantdegrades from their surface as time passes, e.g PU sealant becomes hardwhen its surface is exposed to UV light resulting in cracks in the sealant
where the joint can deform. Further, these cracks travel in-depth causing thejoint sealant to tears. In this case, the repairing of joints becomes mandatory.
With Polysulfide sealants, the degradation also happens and the surface isvisible as “Elephant Skin”. This is only restricted to the surface not moving
in depth of the joint. MS polymer sealants and silicone sealants are highly
UV and water-resistant showing minimum weathering effects on the sealant.
With silicone sealants, contamination on the joint and sometimes adjacentsurfaces can appear as a result of the static type of the sealant.
INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

84

TOTAL STATUS OF MAINTENANCE OF
SURROUNDING CONSTRUCTION PARTS/ELEMENTS
Perfection in the construction of the substrate structure is causing thesealant joint to be heavily stressed such as paint on wood, quality of concreteand brickwork, warped construction etc. If there is any imperfection in theconstruction observed that must be repaired. The appropriate methodology
should be adopted.
It is recommended to repair with the same sealant as used before, if you
are repairing with other sealants the suitability is required to check prior to
its application. To use another sealant, the old sealant should be completely
removed and the bonding surface needs to be cleaned with degreasing andgrinding etc.
If you are repairing with the same sealant then the cleaning of the joint is lesscritical. Accordingly, for alternate sealants, the complete removal of the oldsealants is necessary.

85

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

REMARKS•••

Bituminous products cause yellow/brown discolouration in sealants
which are in contact with bitumen. This can also change the propertiesof the sealants. Therefore, repairs to bitumen joints are executed with
bitumen products.
Butylene sealant is not easy to remove in plastic from. The use ofsolvents is usually not sufficient to remove all polybutylene from thesurface. A sticky layer can remain on the surface. If repairs are donewith polybutylene sealant this layer will not cause problems. If repair
is done with another type of sealant, then bonding can be negatively
affected.
Another possibility is intolerance to the new sealant with the oldresidue of polybutylene sealant, possibly even causing moisture to
run from the joint. A bonding test is recommended.

Butyl-mastics are stuck to the surface like chewing gum and it is very difficult
to remove. Residual butyl with the presence of plasticizers often causes
problems with the other sealants.
••••

Acrylics can usually be removed easily. The joints can be repaired withAcrylic, Silicone or Hybrid sealants.
Polysulfide sealant can be recognized by the specific smell of sulphur
released while burning. Can usually be removed with ease, andrepaired with the same material or a hybrid sealant.
Polyurethane sealants are often recognized by the hardened skin,possibly showing some may sorts of plasticizers there is a chance ofplasticizer migration when repair is made with another sealant.
Silicone sealants can be cut away easily. Material residue can preventthe use of another type of sealant, as they will not bond to the residual
old silicon sealant.
INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

86

MAINTENANCE
The maintenance of sealant joints mainly consists of regular inspections, andwhen needed, local repairs. Also, maintaining the construction of material
where the joint was sealed in good shape. This accounts for, amongst others,
the joints in facades and glazing joints.
A group of joint sealants in need of specific attention are the SANITARYJOINTS also called the joints in wet cells (Bathrooms, kitchens, abattoirs,
food processing industries etc.). Aside from the usual inspection andmaintenance as described above, these joints have other criteria playing
a role: In these locations mostly a Sanitary Silicone sealant is used. These
sealants contain a fungicide, making them somewhat more resistant tofungi. The fungicide used can be sensitive to strong detergents, making thefungicide ineffective. Detergents containing Chlorine can make the fungicidecompletely ineffective.

FOR JOINTS IN WET CELLS THE FOLLOWTHESE GUIDELINES••

87

Spaces should be well ventilated to control the air humidity.
For cleaning joints no strong or aggressive detergents should be used.

INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIRREPAIRING CONNECTION AND
EXPANSION JOINTSWhen the sealant no longer functions sufficiently, the joint must be repaired
locally or as a whole. It is best to remove the entire joint by cutting it out
with a sharp knife and, if necessary, grinding it down with an angle grinder.
This creates a completely clean surface on which to apply the new sealant.
It is advisable to apply the same sealant to prevent differences in colour or
problems with tolerance. However, if a different material is chosen for the
repair, then it is necessary to test whether both materials tolerate each other.
For the correct pre-treatment of the joint sides and the possible applicationof a primer, or for performing an adhesion test. For the right joint dimensions
and use of a backing material, please read the factsheet ‘Joint dimensions
and constructions’.
Before applying new sealant and for information on the influence oftemperature on the final result, please read the factsheet ‘Influence oftemperature om storage and/or transport’. If the old sealant joints cannot be
removed completely, as may occur at joints with old butyl-mastic or asphalt
joints, using a different method is necessary. Possibilities are the use of,e.g., impregnated tape or slab joints. In this case, the best is to seek advice
beforehand.

REPAIRING SANITARY JOINTS
Remove joints as much as possible with a sharp knife. To remove residueof old sealant use SiliKill, creating a fully smooth surface again. Remove
residual detergent from the surface with a degreaser, leaving no traces. To
achieve optimal bonding, apply the sealant to the tile. Usually, on cuttingedges of tiles, less bonding is achieved. Floor joints and eventual leakage
can cause a wet surface.
INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE & REPAIR OF JOINT SEALANTS - JOINT REPAIR

88

POLYURETHANE
FOAM

89

POLYURETHANE FOAM - JOINT REPAIR

Introduction

In 1937, Otto Bayer formed a solid plastic bymixing two chemicals, polyol and isocyanate.
The two chemicals formed a solid plastic.
The resulting plastic was Polyurethane, a
new plastic. However, when this process
was repeated, something different appeared.
Sometimes it was observed that the chemical
was contaminated with water on mixing andsignificantly different reactions took place.
The chemicals ‘fizzed’ with bubbles andthe polyurethane expanded and the plastic
formed which is known as polyurethane
foam. It was discovered by mistake, although
now it has many uses around the home andin manufacturing industry.

POLYURETHANE FOAM - INTRODUCTION

90

POLYURETHANE ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONSPOLYURETHANEADVANTAGES

91

LIMITATIONS•Good adhesion to mostcommon substrates•

Current formulations contains
isocyanates•

Thermal conductivity ( -value± 0,030 – 0,035 W/m.K)•

Post expansion (uncontrollable)•

Noise reduction•

Temperature sensitive during
application•

Water vapour open••

Very low density = high volume
fromPressurized canister(dangerous at hightemperatures)•

One canister (handy, cheapand “green”)•

Flammable propellants•

Not UV stable•

Seal and fills all kinds ofshapes•Easy to use

POLYURETHANE FOAM - INTRODUCTIONPOLYURETHANE FOAM TYPES
Within Bostik we do have different types of polyurethane foams. These types
can vary per application and specification. Our mapping will be as follows:
•
•
•
•
•

Type Straw (hand held) and gun foams
DIN 4102 classified by flame behavior
One and two component foams
Expanding foams
Specialty foams

POLYURETHANE FOAM - INTRODUCTION

92

HAND HELD AND GUN FOAMS
Application wise polyurethane foams come in two different types. We haveso called hand held formulations and gun grade formulations. Hand applied
polyurethane foams are equipped with a straw that can be screwed to thevalve on top of the dome. The so called gun foam needs a ‘pu-gun’ to apply
the material.
HAND HELD PU FOAMADVANTAGES••POINTS OF ATTENTION

Hand held polyurethane foams
will have no additional costs ofbuying a foam gun•

Difficult to dose•

Should be emptied in one go
to avoid blocking the straw
with cured material•

After flow possible

Simple and easy to apply

GUN GRADE PU FOAMADVANTAGES

93•

Easy to dose, easy to apply•

No after flow from gun•

Reusable•Less waste

POLYURETHANE FOAM - INTRODUCTION

POINTS OF ATTENTION•

Additional costs for gun and
PU cleaner

FLAME BEHAVIOUR – DIN 4102-1 & EN 13501-1
CLASSIFICATION

ADDITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
No smoke production

EN 13501-1

DIN 4102-1

No flamming droplets/particles

Non-combustible without burning elements

X

X

A1

A1

Non-combustible with burning elements

XX

A2 - s1 d0<

A2

Flame resistant

X

X

B, C - s1 d0

B1

X

A2, B, C - s2 d0

X

A2, B, C - s3 d0

X

A2, B, C - s1 d1

X

A2, B, C - s1 d2
A2, B, C - s3 d2

X

D - s1 d0

B2

D - s2 d0
D - s3 d0
Normally inflammableXX

D - s1 d2X

D - s2 d2X

D - s3 d2
E
E - d2

Easily flammableF

B3

The fire-technological properties of building materials are defined in:•••

Not combustible
Flame retardant
Normal flammability

The classifications are carried out according to DIN 4102-1 (A1, A2, B, B1, B2
and B3) as well as DIN EN 13501-1 (A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F). Polyurethane foams
are mainly familiar under B1, B2 and B3 tested accordingly DIN 4102-1. Belowa table to display the meaning of the test and to show the equivalent of the
EN 13501-1 in relation to the DIN 4102-1.
POLYURETHANE FOAM - INTRODUCTION

94

2 COMPONENT POLYURETHANE FOAM
One Component Polyurethane Foam

Two Component Polyurethane Foam

Polyurethane insulation foam isavailable in aerosols. Expands to30 times its original volume, andhardens under the influence ofmoisture in the air and substrate.
Early 70s one component PUR
foam was first used in theconstruction of buildings.

2K foams are curing without
humidity and additional moisture.
Curing through integrated
hardener. Faster curing behavior
than 1K and 2K foams have ahigher density and higher strength.

(OCF or 1K)(2K)

The application fields of the 2 component foams are:•••Big cavities / gaps that need to be filled in one process
Areas where the access of sufficient air humidity and / or moisture from thesubsurface is not present
Mounting window and door frames of doors up to 40 kg

EXPANDING FOAMS
Insulation, gap filling, energy saving, fire safety and even bonding of door
posts, stone, and insulation panels are just a few smart solutions that Bostik
offers for the professional craftsman who demands efficiency in costs, time,environment and quality. For those professionals Bostik’s full portfolio ofexpanding foams is the answer and fulfils the needs and demands of the job
and legislation.

95

POLYURETHANE FOAM - INTRODUCTION

SPECIALTIESLast but not least, Bostik has standard and specialty foams, due to productbehavior during application or once cured.
One example is:
Foam adhesives: one-component, low-density foams – the foam adhesive
has superior gluing and sealing qualities. Bonds well with most construction
materials, except “Teflon”, polyethylene and silicone surfaces. – Main use isfor installation of insulation panels (EPS and XPS), installation of roof tiles
and pipes and multiple types of cementitious, concrete and stony materials.

Bostik P925 Foam'N'Fix Turbo Multi-Use:
Quick setting universal foam adhesive

POLYURETHANE FOAM - INTRODUCTION

96

Areas Of Applications
FILLING
Polyurethane foam can be used to fillcracks and holes in building structures. For
instance, spaces between walls, frames
and doors. For these applications Bostik
supplies the best quality premium foams,
such as high yield or traditional forms withuser-friendly guns. It is recommended to fillcrack or hole up to 50% to 70% because thisform will begin expanding immediately after
application.

BONDING
Bostik manufactures a range of unique one
and two component high-end foams based onpolyurethane for bonding of various materials. The
environment, time saving, clean application, lowcost and simplicity are key terms that form the basis
for the development of these products.

97

POLYURETHANE FOAM - AREAS OF APPLICATIONSINSULATING
Insulating, i.e. making frames orbuilding structures such as wall androof elements, airtightness and othercharacteristics of polyurethane foam.
Airtightness eliminates undesirable
airflows and is based on the Passive
House standard. Bostik supplies uniquefoams with a very high insulation value
and very low air permeability, exceeding
this standard by far.

FIREPROOFING
Bostik supplies high-end foams for linear
joints in fire compartments positioned bothhorizontally and vertically. These foams canalso be used as an insulating barrier to makesmall surface penetrations fire resistant and toprevent smoke, heat and fire passing through.

POLYURETHANE FOAM - AREAS OF APPLICATIONS

98

Applications Guidelines
FOR HAND HELD PU FOAMS
1.

Remove cap and screw the straw firmly onto the valve.

2. Shake the canister vigorously prior to use at least 20
times.
3. To apply foam, turn the canister upside down andpress the adaptor. Half fill the cavity and, in case of
low humidity, lightly spray the foam with water. The
foam will expand to fill the rest.
4. Only use in well ventilated areas.
5. Store canister upright between +5°C and +25°C.
6. Pressurized container! Protect from sunlight and do
not expose to temperatures exceeding +50°C. Do notpierce or burn, even after use.
7. Contains flammable propellants. Do not spray on a
naked flame or any incandescent material. Keep awayfrom sources of ignition. No smoking.

99

POLYURETHANE FOAM - APPLICATIONS GUIDELINESFOR PU GUN FOAMS
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

Hold the canister with the valve turned upwards andaffix an applicator gun with NBS-thread to the canister.
We recommend a NBS Gold (see instructions in the gunbox). Shake the canister vigorously prior to use at least
30 times.
Turn canister upside down and apply the foam.
To regulate the flow of the foam, loosen the valve at theback of the handle. Half fill the cavity and, in case of low
humidity, lightly spray the foam with water. The foam will
expand to fill the rest.
Only use in well ventilated areas.
Store canister upright between +5°C and +25°C.
Pressurized container! Protect from sunlight and do not
expose to temperatures exceeding +50°C. Do not pierce
or burn, even after use.
Contains flammable propellants. Do not spray on a naked
flame or any incandescent material. Keep away fromsources of ignition. No smoking.

POLYURETHANE FOAM - APPLICATIONS GUIDELINES 100

Half fill the cavity and, in case of low humidity, lightly
spray the foam with water.

The foam will expand to fill the rest.

Once the polyurethane foam has been expanded andhas exceeded its cutting time (can be found at eachtechnical data sheet of the polyurethane foams) the
polyurethane foam excess can be cut.

101

POLYURETHANE FOAM - APPLICATIONS GUIDELINESPOLYURETHANE FOAM CLEANERS & GUNS•BOSTIK P100 FOAM’N’CLEAN POWER
Powerful polyurethane foam cleaner
A professional and powerful cleaner ofstains and residues from both 1 and 2
component fresh polyurethane foamfrom basket, valve and surfaces.

•

BOSTIK PU GUN UNI NBS 9070
Premium PU foam gun
Rugged and lightweight cast aluminum.
Fully coated in PTFE for quick and easy
maintenance and cleaning. Nickelcoated set screw on back closes thenozzle and/or adjusts the flow.

•

BOSTIK PU GUN ULTRA GUN ECONOMY
Standard PU foam gun
Standard PU gun with ergonomic
handle. The adapter is fitted with anickel coating and a PTFE bearing toprevent adhesion of PU foam.

POLYURETHANE FOAM - APPLICATIONS GUIDELINES102

Bostik Australia Pty. Ltd.

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(+606) 678 9788

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103 POLYURETHANE FOAM - APPLICATIONS GUIDELINES

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