PEM09-01

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Status of Equatorial MU Radar project in 2016
*Mamoru Yamamoto1, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi1, Toshitaka Tsuda1
1.Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University (RISH) has been studying theatmosphere and ionosphere by using radars. The first big facility was the MU (Middle and Upper
atmosphere) radar installed in Shiga, Japan in 1984. This is one of the most powerful andmulti-functional radar, and is successful of revealing importance of atmospheric waves for the
dynamical vertical coupling processes. The next big radar was the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR)
installed at Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia in 2001. The EAR was operated under close
collaboration with LAPAN (Indonesia National Institute for Aeronautics and Space), and conducted
the long-term continuous observations of the equatorial atmosphere/ionosphere. The EAR, however,
had a limited sensitivity to the MU radar as the total output power is just 1/10 to the MU radar.
Our new project is to establish "Equatorial MU Radar (EMU)" just next to the EAR site in Indonesia.
The EMU will have an active phased array antenna with the 163 m diameter and 1055 cross-element
Yagis. Total output power of the EMU will be more than 500 kW. The EMU is the "MU radar class"facility, and can detect turbulent echoes from the mesosphere (60-80 km). In the ionosphereincoherent-scatter observations of plasma density, drift, and temperature would be possible.
Multi-channel receivers will realizes radar-imaging observations. The EMU is one of the key elementin the project "Study of coupling processes in the solar-terrestrial system" that is one of theimportant project in the Master Plan 2014 of the Science Council of Japan (SCJ). In 2015 the MU
radar was awarded IEEE Milestone as the world first atmospheric radar with active phased array
antenna system. For the EAR, preparation for construcion permission has almost completed. We willreport current status of the EMU project together with stutus of the Master Plan 2017 of SCJ.
Keywords: Atmospheric radar, Equatorial atmosphere, Low-latitude ionosphere, Indonesia©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-01 -PEM09-02

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer, Validation of Scientific Performance*Thomas J Immel1, Scott England1, Ellen Taylor1, Stephen Mende1, Jerry Edelstein1, Eric Korpela1,
Harald Frey1, Roderick Heelis2, Russell Stoneback2, Christoph Englert3, Kenneth Marr3, Jonathan
Makela4, Brian Harding4, Farzad Kamalabadi4, Dimitrious Iliou4
1.University of California, Berkeley, 2.University of Texas at Dallas, 3.Naval Research Laboratory,
4.University of Illinois
Earth's space environment is highly variable, changing in ways that we are currently unable topredict. Specifically, the ionosphere exhibits remarkable day-to-day changes that cannot be
attributed to any known source, though forcing from the lower atmosphere is now considered of key
importance. NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer, a mission designed to discover the causes ofthis variability, is in development for a June 2017 launch. Concurrent with the build of the
instruments and spacecraft, a science validation effort has tracked the expected performance of theobservatory. The predicted performance of the science retrieval algorithms developed for ICON will
be reported. The current performance models show that ICON will have outstanding scientificcapability and be able to address and resolve the open questions in space plasma physics thatpertain to space weather. Here we will present the performance predictions and observational plans
for the ICON mission, and discuss opportunities for collaborative measurements aligned withinternational research efforts.
Keywords: Thermosphere, Ionosphere, atmospheric physics©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-02 -PEM09-02©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

- PEM09-02 -PEM09-03

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Early Results from pre-YMC 2015 Field Campaign in Sumatra*Kunio Yoneyama1, Junko Suzuki1, Ryuichi Shirooka1, Shuichi Mori1, Masaki Katsumata2, Fadli
Syamsudin3, Noer Nurhayati4
1.Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology / Department of Coupled
Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes Research, 2.Research and Development Center for Global Change,
3.Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, 4.Agency for Meteorology Climatology andGeophysics
The Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC) is designed to take place from mid-2017 to mid-2019 for
improving our understanding and prediction of the weather-climate system over the Maritime
Continent (MC) region and its global impact. During the campaign period, several intensive
observations coordinated under the framework of YMC are planned in addition to the long-termmonitoring by the MC local agencies. However, such coordination and conducting observations may
encounter unforeseen difficulties. In addition, 2-year period is still insufficient to understandeven local-scale phenomena as it may be affected by large/longer-scale phenomena such as El Nino.
By considering these factors, we have conducted another field campaign as a pilot study for the
YMC, and we call it as pre-YMC campaign. This campaign was conducted in Sumatra, Indonesia
including Bengkulu (on and off the coast) and Kototabang from November through December 2015. While
we deployed land-based radar/special radiosonde sites in Bengkulu and the R/V Mirai off Bengkulu to
study precipitation mechanism, we also conducted water vapor/ozone-sonde observations at the EAR
site in Kototabang to study upper troposphere/stratosphere interactions. Observations captured theatmospheric features in the transition phase from inactive to active for convection associated with
the Madden-Julian oscillation. In this talk, some selected early results will be presented inaddition to the basic information about the field campaign.
Keywords: YMC, Pre-YMC, Sumatra©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-03 -PEM09-04

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Cloud Propagation over Sumatera during Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere
Campaign I and II*Marzuki Marzuki1, Aulya Rahayu1, Mutya Vonnisa1, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi2
1.Department of Physics, Andalas University, 2.Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere(RISH), Kyoto University
Cloud propagation determines the distribution of precipitation. Previous studies on cloudpropagation over Sumatera are mostly focused on mean propagation. Marzuki et al. [1] investigatedthe propagation of individual cloud cluster using Hovmoller diagram of 10 years of brightness
temperature data. However, cloud tracking through Hovmoller diagram has some disadvantages: 1)
result significantly depends on the averaging window, 2) two or more cloud can be assumed as asingle cloud if they lie at the same longitude at the same time, and 3) only possible to get one
direction of propagation. Therefore, objectively identifying and tracking the cloud inlatitude-longitude space is necessary. In this study, we present the result of cloud tracking basedon three-dimensional brightness temperature (Tb) data during Coupling Processes in the Equatorial
Atmosphere (CPEA) campaign I and II. The two campaigns have a different Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO) phase in which active MJO was observed during the CPEA-I in contrast to the CPEA-II. Althoughduring the CPEA-II strong actively convective due to the MJO was not observed, Sumatra received
high daily rainfall during this period. Although mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is much
lower during CPEA-II than CPEA-I, the cloud size during the CPEA-I is larger than during CPEA-II.
It was also found that the ratio of westward to eastward moving cloud during CPEA-I (II) is 7:1(6:1). Both during CPEA-I and II, westward moving streaks generally have a longer span and faster
speed than those of eastward-moving system.
[1] Marzuki, Hashiguchi, H., Yamamoto, M. K., Yamamoto, M., Mori, S., Yamanaka, M. D., Carbone, R.
E., and Tuttle, J. D.: Cloud episode propagation over the Indonesian Maritime Continent from 10
years of infrared brightness temperature observations, Atmos. Res., 120–121, 268–286, 2013.
Keywords: Cloud propagation, Sumatra, CPEA-I and II©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-04 -PEM09-05

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Coordinated observations of post-midnight irregularities and thermospheric neutral wind
and temperature*Tam Dao1, Yuichi Otsuka1, Kazuo Shiokawa1, Michi Nishioka2, Mamoru Yamamoto3, Suhaila M. Buhari 4
1.Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Graduate school of Science, Nagoya University,
Nagoya, japan., 2.National Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Tokyo, Japan,
3.Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan., 4.Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) have been observed since last few decades by using UHF/VHF/HF
radars. At equatorial F-region, FAIs are generated within plasma bubbles. The plasma bubbles are
well-known to be initiated at evening terminator and occur frequently in equinoxes, especiallyduring high solar activity conditions. On the other hand, recent observations show that the FAIs
frequently occur at post-midnight around June solstice in low solar activity conditions. From thecomparison of ionosonde data, it is found that uplift of the F layer could play an important rolein generating the post-midnight plasma bubbles. However, mechanisms of uplift of the F layer has
not been revealed yet.
In this study, we investigate an event of the post-midnight FAIs observed with the EAR (Equatorial
Atmospheric Radar) at Kototabang in Indonesia. Two-dimensional map of rate of total electron
content change index (ROTI) obtained from GPS receivers in Southeast Asia, thermospheric neutral
winds and temperature observed at Kototabang by Fabri-Perot interferometer, and altitude of thebottomside of the F layer observed with ionosondes at Kototabang, Chumphon, and Chiang Mai, arecompared. On the night of July 9, 2010, the post-midnight FAIs appeared within the field of view of
the EAR. By estimating the vertical rise velocity of this FAI structure, we found that the FAIs
could be accompanied by plasma bubble initiated at magnetic equator around 22:00 LT.
Two-dimensional ROTI map also showed an enhancement near magnetic equator around this time, thenextended to the higher low latitudes and reached Kototabang at midnight. Thermospheric neutral wind
was southward (magnetically poleward) from19:30 to 23:00 LT, and northward (magneticallyequatorward) enhancement was observed from 22:30 LT. The altitude of the bottomside of F-layer
increased at 15:30-16:00 LT. This altitude increase of the F layer could be caused by theenhancement of the equatorward thermospheric wind. Thermospheric neutral temperature was higher at
north than at south from 22:30 to 01:00 LT on the subsequent day, indicating that Midnight
Temperature Maximum (MTM) existed at the north of Kototabang. We discuss a role of MTM in thegeneration of post-midnight FAIs at low latitude region.
Keywords: Post-midnight F layer field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) , Plasma bubbles, Equatorial
Ionospheric region©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-05 -PEM09-06

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Coordinated Incoherent Scatter Radar and Fabry-Perot Interformeter observations ofionosphere-thermosphere
disturbances during the March 17-18, 2015 great solar storm*Shunrong Zhang1, Phil Erickson1, Anthea Coster1, Mike Sulzer2, Michael Nicolls2, Mary McCready2,
Yuichi Otsuka3, Jonathan Makela4, John Noto5
1.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2.SRI International, 3.Nagoya University, 4.University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 5.Scientific Solution, Inc.
With a tremendous drop of the Dst index to ~ -230 nT, the geomagnetic storm during March 17-18,
2015 has been the largest during the current solar cycle. This strom was caused by a combined
effect of the arriving solar Coronal Mass Ejection materials with high-speed solar wind streams
originated from a nearby coronal hole. It was very fortunate for us to have coordinated aninternational campaign monitoring geospace disturbances during this period using ground-based
facilities. These include incoherent scatter radars and Fabry-Perot Interferometers in the America
sectors and other instruments in East Asia sectors, forming an observational network along
approximately the 60W/120E meridional circle. The presentation will highlight these ground-based
observations along with simultaneous DMSP in situ measurements and TEC from a network of dense GPS
receivers, with a focuses on (1) the ion-neutral coupling processes at subauroral andmid-latitudes; (2) periodic midlatitude ionospheric disturbances; and (3) topside ionosphericvariations. In particular, one of the most striking features to be discussed is the unexpected
pre-midnight northward neutral wind surge, observed over multiple subauroral and midlatitude sites,
accompanying strong westward winds developed at earlier times. We ascribe these wind disturbances
to Subauroal Polarization Stream (SAPS).
Keywords: geomagnetic storm, magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling, incoherent scatterradar, Fabry-Perot Interformeter©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-06 -PEM09-07

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Equatorial coastlines controlling Earth's atmosphere*Manabu D. Yamanaka1
1.Department of Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology
Just half a century has passed since the theories of vertically evanescent tides (Kato, 1966) andequatorially ducting modes (Matsuno, 1966) as varieties of atmospheric gravity waves. Horizontal
convections as superimpositions of upward/downward gravity waves are generated between dayside andnightside hemispheres and between land and sea surfaces by insolation with diurnal cycles.
Importance of the latter category, so-called sea-land breeze circulation, has been emphasized byground-based and space-borne observations over the equatorial troposphere. The cloud activity has
diurnal and annual cycles dominantly on land, in contrast to intraseasonal and interannual
variations mainly over oceans, and the tropical rainfall amount is expressed by functions ofcoastal distance and length (Ogino et al., 2016; Yamanaka, 2016). This explains the global cloud
activity-rainfall maximum located over the Indonesian maritime continent (IMC) with the world’s
longest coastlines.
The diurnal cycle is generated directly by land-sea temperature contrast along a coastline: solid
land becomes hotter than liquid sea by solar heating through clear sky before noontime, andopposite contrast appears before the sunrise by evening rainfall-induced sprinkler-like landcooling in tropics (different from infrared cooling at clear night in extratropics). This is why
the diurnal cycle is dominant in the rainy season, and also why the rainy season appears exactly inthe summer-side hemisphere, because land heating in the clear morning and water-vapor transport byafternoon sea-wind are strongest in the season of maximum insolation. El Niño causes less rainfall,because lower sea surface temperature makes morning maritime convection weaker.
Those lower-atmospheric features are reflected in the middle- and upper atmospheric dynamics. As
suggested so far (e.g., Ogino et al., 1995; Tsuda et al., 2000), the stratospheric gravity-wave
activity takes maximum near the equator and in particular near IMC as does the convective activity.
Here it is suggested from the latter that these activities are generated with diurnal cycles andhorizontal scales of about 300 km along coastlines, which are fixed with the major islands and thewhole IMC with zonal scales of 1,000 and 5,000 km, respectively. 14-year hourly 25 km-resolution
cloud-top height data are analyzed to show spectral slopes of around -2 for frequency and -5/3 and-3 for higher and lower zonal wavenumbers (with a border of about 300 km in zonal wavelength), as
have shown already for tropopausal gravity waves or quasi-two dimensional turbulence (e.g., Nastrom
and Gage, 1985). A part of the insolation over equatorial lands sequentially with Earth’s rotation
may contribute (through infrared absorption) to generation of migrating tides. All the features
mentioned here appear on a land-sea coexistent planet like Earth, and differences in other planets
are also discussed briefly.
Keywords: equatorial region, air-sea-land interaction, Earth's rotation and revolution©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-07 -PEM09-08

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Ground network observation of ISEE, Nagoya University, for the study of coupling processes
in solar-terrestrial system*Kazuo Shiokawa1, Yuichi Otsuka1, Tetsuya Hiyama1, Nozomu Nishitani1, Yoshizumi Miyoshi1, Kanya
Kusano1
1.Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University has been combined with Hydrospheric
Atmospheric Research Center and Center for Chronological Research to become the Institute forSpace-Earth Environment Research (ISEE) of Nagoya University since October 2015. Under the new
institution, ground-based observation network has been kept operating to study coupling processes
in solar-terrestrial system, particularly at ground stations in Asia and Africa from high to low
latitudes. A new collaborative research system will be launched from April 2016 particularly toextend this ground network observations in collaboration with various Japanese and foreign
institutions. The Center for International Collaborative Research (CICR) and Center for Integrated
Data Science (CIDAS) are newly established under ISEE to promote international collaborative
researches and to promote integrated analyses using various kinds of observation data and advanced
computer simulations, respectively. These centers also contribute to the operation and database
construction of the ground-based network observation by ISEE. In this presentation, we show
ground-based network observations and domestic and international collaboration system newly
developed under ISEE and its two centers.
Keywords: Ground network observation , Institute for Space-Earth Environment Research (ISEE),
Nagoya University, cooperative research©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-08 -PEM09-09

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Recent development of MAGDAS project: Strategy for international alliance of geomagnetic
field network observation
Akimasa Yoshikawa1,2, *Shuji Abe2, Teiji Uozumi2, Akiko Fujimoto2, Hiroki Matsushita3, Hideaki Kawano
1,2

1.Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, 2.International Center for Space
Weather Science and Education, 3.Gradational school of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu
University
For space environment monitoring, Kyushu University has developed a real time magnetic dataacquisition system (the MAGDAS project) around the world. The number of observational sites isincreasing every year with the collaboration of host countries. Now at this time, the MAGDAS
Project has installed 77 real time magnetometers –so it is the largest magnetometer array in theworld. The history of global observation at Kyushu Univ is over 30 years and number of developed
observational sites is over 140.
In this talk, we will introduce recent development of MGADAS project and stradegy for international
alliance of geomagnetic field network observation based on the project "Study of coupling processes
in solar-terrestrial system" that was approved by the Master Plan 2014 of Science Council of Japanand the Roadmap 2014 of MEXT.
Topics for open policy for MAGDAS data, development of Space weather index, and extension of
Equatorial network will be also discussed.
Keywords: International aliance, geomagnetic field network, master plan

©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-09 -PEM09-10

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Magnetic ripples as observed by low altitude satellites, CHAMP and SWARM*Toshihiko Iyemori1, Kunihito Nakanishi2, Tadashi Aoyama2, Yoko Odagi1
1.Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto
University, 2.Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
The low altitude satellites such as the CHAMP or the SWARM satellites have been observing the small
amplitude (typically 0.5 –5nT on the dayside) magnetic fluctuations with period of a couple of ten
seconds. They exist almost all the time and at any local time (LT) in middle and low latitudes.
They were named as “magnetic ripples” because the magnetic fluctuations like ripples exist
globally.
They have the following characteristics: (1) They are perpendicular to the geomagnetic main field.
(2) Their amplitude has the magnetic conjugacy. (3) The amplitude and the period along the orbit
have latitudinal dependence, and they depend also on the geographic longitude. (4) The amplitude islarger on the day side than on the night side. (5) The amplitude doesn’t have dependence on thesolar wind parameters nor the magnetic disturbance. (6) The amplitude has the following seasonal
and topographical characteristics. That is, the amplitude during the northern summer and northern
winter is larger than those during the equinoxes. In the northern summer, the amplitude over SouthAmerica, Eurasia, North Africa and Australia continents, and their magnetic conjugate regions islarger than those in the other regions. In the northern winter, the amplitude over the eastern
Pacific Ocean is larger.
We assume that they are generated through the E-region dynamo driven by the acoustic mode of thegravity waves propagated from lower atmosphere. We discuss the consistency of the above mentioned
characteristics and suggested mechanism of generation of the magnetic ripples with ground based
observations such as the GPS-TEC, micro-barometric observation, etc..
Keywords: magnetic ripples, small-scale field-aligned currents, acoustic gravity waves,
low-altitude magnetic satellite©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-10 -PEM09-11

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Observations of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using FORMOSAT-2 / ISUAL
630.0 nm airglow*Charles Lin1, P. K. Rajesh1, Jann-Yenq Liu2
1.Department of Earth Science, National Cheng Kung University, 2.Institute of Space Science,
National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan
We reports observation results of space based imaging of medium-scale travelling ionosphericdisturbances (MSTID) in 630.0 nm emission by Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightnings(ISUAL), onboard FORMOSAT-2 satellite. The limb integrated measurements, after removing background,reveal multiple bands of intensity perturbation when projected to a horizontal plane corresponding
to the altitude of peak emission, with distinct southwest to northeast orientation in the southernhemisphere. The ISUAL observations in the year 2007 are further used to investigate the MSTID
features as well as occurrence characteristics in the southern hemisphere, most of which are over
the ocean where no ground based observations are available. The preliminary statistics shows more
MSTID occurrence in solstices with peak in June-July months. Majority of the MSTID perturbations
have wavelength in the range 150-300 km, and are aligned at about 30°-50° from the east-west plane.
The orientation of the wave fronts indicate that Es-layer instability might be important in the
MSTID generation.
Keywords: MSTID, FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL, airglow©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-11 -PEM09-12

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Interhemispheric Coupling Study by Observations and Modelling (ICSOM)*Kaoru Sato1
1.Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
Recent observational and modelling studies suggest that the Northern and Southern Hemispheres ofthe earth atmosphere are potentially coupled by the Lagrangian mean flow in the mesospheremodulated by waves interacting with the mean flow. However, observations of modulated wave and flow
fields which are needed for quantitative understanding of the interhemispheric coupling are notsufficient. Simultaneous observations of gravity waves at various locations are most importantbecause they are a main driver of the Lagrangian mean flow in the mesosphere.
With the start of full system observation by the PANSY radar in the Antarctic in March 2015, a
global mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar network extending from the Arctic to the
Antarctic has been realized. The MST radars are able to observe wind vectors with fine temporal andvertical resolutions including vertical wind components in the troposphere, stratosphere andmesosphere, although an observational gap of the middle and upper stratosphere remains. Thus, thecharacteristics of small-scale or short-period wave motions including gravity waves and themomentum fluxes associated with these waves can be estimated with a good accuracy.
In addition, recent high-resolution general circulation models enable an explicit simulation ofgravity waves under ideal and/or climatological boundary conditions and allow us to examine themomentum budget in the MST region including gravity waves, although their resolution is currently
not sufficient to resolve the entire gravity wave spectrum. Real atmosphere simulations utilizing
such high-resolution models are still a challenge for the MST region. However, if such real
atmosphere simulations are successful, they will help quantitative interpretation of the dynamical
fields observed by the MST radar network, and the observations will provide invaluable validation
data for the model improvement.
Therefore we will examine the interhemispheric coupling of the earth atmosphere through a
combination of simultaneous observations by networking the MST radars over the world andhigh-resolution model simulations of the observed atmosphere. The first international campaign was
performed in 22 January-17 February 2016. Two minor stratospheric warmings occurred in the Arctic.
The second one was a minor warming by its definition but the temperature at the north poleincreased by about 70 K in two days at 10 hPa. Seven MST radars over the world and a lot ofcomplementary observations were performed by more than 30 participants in eight countries.
Preliminary results from this campaign will be reported.
Keywords: interhemispheric coupling, middle atmospehre, sudden stratospheric warming,
mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radars, general circulation, gravity waves©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-12 -PEM09-13

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Current Status of EISCAT_3D and Japan's Contribution*Hiroshi Miyaoka1, Satonori Nozawa2, Yasunobu Ogawa1, Takuji Nakamura1, Shin-ichiro Oyama2, Ryoichi
Fujii2, Craig Heinselman3
1.National Institute of Polar Research, 2.Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya
University, 3.European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association
The European Incoherent Scatter(EISCAT) Scientific Association with associate members from Sweden,
Norway, Finland, UK, China and Japan, including affiliated member organizations from South Korea,
France and EC, is planning for the construction of the next generation near-earth space and upper
atmosphere radar system in northern Feno-Scandinavia, called EISCAT_3D. The technical design work
is currently being almost finalized and the project has now entered the new phase of productionengineering. The Swedish Research Council, the Academy of Finland, the Research Council of Norway
and the European Commission have now granted funds for the development, construction and operationof EISCAT_3D, which covers approximately 70% of the total costs of establishing the first stage ofthe system. EISCAT_3D is the major upgrade of the existing EISCAT mainlamd radars, with amulti-static phased array system composed of one central active (transmit-receive) site and 4
receive-only sites to provide us 50-100 times higher temporal resolution than the present system.
The construction of EISCAT_3D is planned to implement by 4-staged approach, starting from the coresite with half transmitting power about 5MW at Skibotn (Norway) and 2 receiving sites at Bergfors(Sweden) and Karesuvanto (Finland) at the 1st stage. The Japanese EISCAT user community has been
pursuing the opportunity to contribute in-kind to the construction of EISCAT_3D. Our proposal is tosupply the power amplifiers for the radar as a joint venture with EISCAT in cooperation withJapanese industry. The EISCAT_3D program in Japan has been successfully granted as as one of 27
high-priority programs of Master Plan 2014 and 10 new Roadmap 2014 programs as a part of ’Study of
Coupling Processes in the Solar-Terrestrial System’ (PI: Prof. Tsuda, Kyoto Univ.). Supported bythis decision, National Institute of Polar Research has made a funding proposal to MEXT for
EISCAT_3D, collaborating with Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University.
In parallel to the funding proposal, we started a development for a high energy-efficient power
amplifier collaborating with the EISCAT headquarter and Japanese industry. In this paper, we will
overview the current status and outlook on Japan’s national contribution to the EISCAT_3D project.
Figure. Location of existing EISCAT radar and planned EISCAT_3D radar sites.
Keywords: incoherent scatter, radar, arctic, geospace©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-13 -PEM09-13©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

- PEM09-13 -PEM09-14

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Significance of the D-region ion chemistry in the atmospheric forcing from above by
precipitating high-energy particles*Esa Turunen1
1.Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu
Although the ionisation degree of middle atmosphere -lowere thermosphere region is low, it
surprisingly turns out that ion chemistry plays a significant role in causing variations inconcentrations of neutral chemically active minor constituents during events of excess ionisation,such as auroral particle precipitation. Here we first give an overview of the D-region ion
chemistry, pointing out the relevant processes, which can be both direct and indirect via first
generating chemically active minor constituents of the atmosphere, such as odd nitrogen and oddhydrogen, which in turn can affect for example atmospheric ozone via catalytic reactions either
directly in-situ, or after transport in atmosphere to lower altitudes and lower latitudes. We show
recent results using the detailed coupled neutral and ion chemistry model, the Sodankyla Ion
Chemistry model. We also show how the upcoming new incoherent scatter radar facility EISCAT_3D,
together with coordinated other currently planned measurements, will enhance the research
opportunity in studying the coupling between geospace environment and atmosphere of Earth duringhigh energy particle precipitation into the atmosphere.
Keywords: Ion chemistry, D region, aurora©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- PEM09-14 -PEM09-15

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Variations of the polar lower thermosphere and mesosphere in February 2016 using EISCAT
radar, meteor radar, MF radar, and sodium LIDAR observations*Satonori Nozawa1, Yasunobu Ogawa2, Takuo T. Tsuda3, Hitoshi Fujiwara4, Masaki Tsutsumi2, Chris Hall5, Stephan Buchert6, Norihito Saito7, Satoshi Wada7, Takuya Kawahara8, Toru Takahashi3, Tetsuya
Kawabata1, Tatsuya HIBINO1, Shintaro Takita1, Asgeir Brekke5
1.Institute for Space-Earth Environment Research, Nagoya University, 2.NIPR, 3.The University ofElectro-Communications, 4.Seikei University, 5.UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 6.Swedish
Institute of Space Physics, 7.RIKEN, 8.Shinshu University
We made an EISCAT special program (SP) experiment, under collaborations of Japan, Sweden, andNorway, to study variations of a quasi-two day wave (Q2DW) and tidal waves in the polar lower
thermosphere using the EISCAT UHF radar at Tromsoe (69.6N, 19.2E) and the EISCAT Svalbard radar at
Longyearbyen (78.2N, 16.0E) for 45 hours. The SP started at 23 UT on February 10, 2016, just after
EISCAT CP2 (Common program 2) run made for 135 hrs, and ended at 20 UT on February 12, 2016. By
combining the EISCAT CP2 run and our SP run, we have, in total, made a data set of 7.5 day length.
Unfortunately, there was a data gap from about 01 UT to 07 UT on February 7 due to a problem ofdata recording at the Tromsoe site. Except for the gap, the operations went well without noseirouous problems at both the EISCAT radars. Sodium LIDAR observations of wind, temperature, andsodium density collocated at the Tromsoe site were also made during dark time intervals together
with meteor and MF radar contiunual observations. We have analyzed the data sets, and derived Q2DW
and 24h/12h tides. An SSW occurred in this time interval, so we focus on changes of the waves
around time interval of the SSW.
Keywords: Lower thermosphere, Mesosphere, tidal waves, quasi-two data wave, EISCAT radar, sodium
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- PEM09-15 -