大人の育て方―子どもの自立心を育む方法
ジュリー・リスコット・ヘイムス
多賀谷正子 菊池由美

著

訳

CONTENTS
注 … ……………………………………… １
参考文献 … ……………………………… 19© Masako Tagaya, Yumi Kikuchi 2018

注

はじめに
INTRODUCTION

1. Antonio Machado, “XXIX,” in Border of a Dream: Selected Poems, trans. Willis
Barnstone (Port Townsend, Wash.: Copper Canyon Press, 2003).
2. By way of comparison, the 1980 “Who Shot J.R.” episode of the hit drama Dallas
still stands as the second-highest-rated regular television broadcast in U.S. history,
with 41.5 million viewers. The 2015 Oscars awards show had 43 million viewers.
3. Brian Palmer, “Why Did Missing Children Start Showing Up on Milk Cartons?”
Slate.com., April 20, 2012. http://www.slate.com/articles/news _and _politics/
explainer/2012/04/etan _patz _case _why_did _dairies _put _missing _children _on _their_milk _cartons _.html (accessed on June 15, 2014).
4. Report by the National Commission on Excellence in Education (1983).
5. Denise Pope, “Doing School”: How We Are Creating a Generation of Stressed Out, Materialistic, and Miseducated Students (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003).
6. Race to Nowhere. (Lafayette, Calif.: Reel Link Films, 2010).
7. By 1986 California had created a task force to promote self-esteem across the state.
8. Amanda Ripley, The Smartest Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013).
9. Merriam-Webster dictionary.
10. Handbook for Public Playground Safety, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (1981).
11. Foster W. Cline and Jim Fay, Parenting with Love and Logic: Teaching Children
Responsibility (Colorado Springs, Colo.: Pinon Press, 1990), 23–25.
12. Nancy Gibbs, “The Growing Backlash Against Overparenting,” Time, November
30, 2009.
13. Judith Warner, Perfect Madness: Motherhood in the Age of Anxiety (New York: Riverhead Books, 2005), 87.
1

14. Julie Lythcott-Haims, “When Did Caring Become Control: Blame Boomers,” Chicago Tribune, October 16, 2005.
15. A. Bandura, “Self-Efficacy.” In V. S. Ramachaudran, ed., Encyclopedia of Human
Behavior, vol. 4 (New York: Academic Press, 1994), 71–81.
1. KEEPING
THEM SAFE AND SOU ND
１
子どもの安全と健康

1. Governor’s Highway Safety Association, “Child Passenger Safety Laws, June 2014.”
http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/childsafety_laws.html (accessed on June15, 2014).
2. Patricia Somers and Jim Settle, “The Helicopter Parent (Part 2): International
Arrivals and Departures,” College and University 86, no. 2 (2010): 2–9. http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ912004.
3. Dan Lewis, “Where Did the Fear of Poisoned Candy Come From?” Smithsonian.com., October 6, 2013. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/not-categorized/where-did-the-fear-of-poisoned-halloween-candy-come-from-822302/ (accessed on June15, 2014).
4. Diane Divoky, “Missing Tot Estimates Exaggerated,” Lodi News-Sentinel, February
18, 1986.
5. David Finkelhor, Heather Hammer, and Andrea J. Sedlak, NISMART: National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children, October
2002. https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/nismart/03/ns5.html (accessed on June 15,2014).
6. David Finkelhor, “Five Myths About Missing Children,” Washington Post, May 10,2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-missing-children/2013/05/10/efee398c-b8b4-11e2-aa9e-a02b765ff 0ea _story.html.
7. Ibid.
8. Nicole Neal, “How Dangerous Is Childhood?” Palm Beach Post, August 13, 2006.
9. Robert M. Sapolsky, Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers: A Guide to Stress, Stress-RelatedDiseases, and Coping (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1994).
10. Ibid., 7.
11. Corey Adwar, “Support Grows Online for Mom Who Lost Custody of Daughter
After Letting Her Play Alone at a Park,” Business Insider, July 16, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com /debra-harrell-arrested-for-allegedly-letting-daughter-play-alone-at-park-2014-7.
12. Kim Brooks, “The Day I Left My Son in the Car,” Salon, June 3, 2014, http://www.salon.com/2014/06/03/the _day_i _left _my_son _in_the _car/.
13. Lenore Skenazy, “Crime Statistics,” http://www.freerangekids.com/crime-statistics/.
14. Lenore Skenazy, Free-Range Kids: How to Raise Safe, Self-Reliant Children (Without Going Nuts with Worry) (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010).
15. Ibid.
16. Brigid Schulte and Donna St. George, “Montgomery County Neglect Inquiry Shines
Spotlight on ‘Free-Range’ Parenting,” Washington Post, January 17, 2015, http://
www.washingtonpost.com /local /education /montgomery-county-neglect-inquiry-shines-spotlight-on-free-range-parenting /2015/01/17/352d4b30 -9d99-11e4 -bcfb-059ec7a93ddc _story.html.
17. Ross Douthat, “Forcing Every Mom and Dad to Be a Helicopter Parent,” National
Post, July 23, 2014.
18. Emily Lodish, “Global Parenting Habits That Haven’t Caught On in the U.S,” npr2

.org, August 12, 2014, http://www.npr.org /blogs/parallels/2014 /08/12/339825261/global-parenting-habits-that-havent-caught-on-in-the-u-s.
19. Author’s interview with parent, April 22, 2014.
20. “Legal Age Restrictions for Latchkey Kids,” http://www.latchkey-kids.com/latch
key-kids-age-limits.htm.
21. Ibid.
22. From the Girl Scout website: Adults provide supervision and guidance for all gradelevels. Adults must accompany Girl Scout Daisies, Brownies, and Juniors when
they are selling, taking orders for, or delivering products. Adults oversee Girl Scout
Cadettes, Seniors, and Ambassadors; they must be aware of how, when, and where
the girls are selling products; be on call when girls are participating in productsales and be able to contact girls in a timely manner; be in an automobile in thearea; or be present with the girls.
23. Author’s interview with Suzanne Lucas, February 14, 2013.
24. See the writings of Alfie Kohn, including The Myth of the Spoiled Child: Challenging
the Conventional Wisdom about Children and Parenting (Boston, Mass.: Da Capo
Lifelong Books, 2014); and http://www.alfiekohn.org/miscellaneous/trophyfury.htm.
25. Amanda Ripley, The Smartest Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013).
26. Hara Estroff Marano, A Nation of Wimps: The High Cost of Invasive Parenting(New York: Crown Archetype, 2008).
27. Susan Eva Porter, Bully Nation: Why America’s Approach to Childhood Aggression
Is Bad for Everyone (Oxford: Paragon House, 2014).
28. Author’s interview with Olaf “Ole” Jorgenson, February 13, 2014.
29. Pamela Druckerman, Bringing Up Bébé (New York: Penguin Press, 2012), 138– 42.
30. Author’s interview with Suzanne Lucas, February 14, 2013.
31. Wendy Mogel, The Blessing of a Skinned Knee (New York: Scribner, 2001).
32. Hanna Rosin, “The Overprotected Kid,” The Atlantic, April 2014, http://www.theatlantic .com /features /archive /2014 /03/ hey-parents -leave -those -kids -alone/358631/.
33. Alice G. Walton, “New Playgrounds Are Safe—And That’s Why Nobody Uses
Them,” The Atlantic, February 1, 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/02/new-playgrounds-are-safe-and-thats-why-nobody-uses-them/252108/.
34. See the nationally best-selling book: Richard Louv, Last Child in the Woods: Saving
Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder (Chapel Hill, N.C.: Algonquin Books ofChapel Hill, 2005).
35. Kristen A. Copeland et al., “Societal Values and Policies May Curtail Preschool Children’s Physical Activity in Child Care Centers,” Pediatrics 129, no. 2, February 2012,
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org /content/early/2012/01/02/peds.2011-2102.full.pdf+html.
36. Author’s interview with Tim Barton, May 22, 2014.
2. PROVIDINGOPPORTU NITY
２
子どもに機会を与える

1. Malcolm Gladwell, Outliers: The Story of Success (New York: Little, Brown, 2007).
2. “Kids Who Specialize in One Sport May Have Higher Injury Risk, Loyola Study
Finds,” Loyola University Health System, May 2, 2011, http://www.loyolamedicine.org /childrenshospital /newswire/news/kids-who -specialize-one-sport-may-have-higher-injury-risk-loyola-study-finds.
3

3. David Epstein, “Sports Should Be Child’s Play,” New York Times, June 10, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/opinion/sports-should-be-childs-play.html.
4. “Why Are There So Many Youth Baseball-Throwing Injuries?” Beaumont Health
System, June 14, 2013, http://www.beaumont.edu/press/news-stories/2013/6/why-are-there-so-many-youth-baseball-throwing-injuries/.
5. Salynn Boyles, “Sports-Related Concussions on the Rise in Kids,” WebMD, August30, 2010, http://www.webmd.com/parenting/news/20100830/sports-related-concus
sions-on-the-rise-in-kids.
6. Robert Cantu and Mark Hyman, Concussions and Our Kids: America’s Leading
Expert on How to Protect Young Athletes and Keep Sports Safe (New York: Mariner
Books, 2013).
7. Kevin Sack, “The 2000 Campaign: THE FAMILY; Timeouts for a Son’s Football
Games,” New York Times, October 22, 2000, http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/22/us/the-2000-campaign-the-family-timeouts-for-a-son-s-football-games.html.
8. John Dickerson, “Wait, Am I That Baseball Dad? How Baseball Encourages Bad
Parenting—And How You Can Support Your Kids on the Diamond Without Driving Them Crazy,” Slate, June 19, 2013, http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut /2013/06/baseball _parents _how_dads _stress _their_kids _out _during _little_league _games.html.
9. Michael Lewis, “Coach Fitz’s Management Theory,” New York Times, March 28, 2004,
http://www.nytimes.com /2004/03/28/magazine/coach-fitz-s-management-theory.html?src=pm&pagewanted=8.
10. Ibid. and Michael Lewis, Coach: Lessons on the Game of Life (New York: W. W.
Norton, 2005).
11. Author’s interview with Amy Young, April 30, 2014.
12. Author’s interview with Tom Jacoubowsky, November 4, 2013.
13. Author’s interviews with Catharine Jacobsen, May 12 and May 14, 2014.
14. Author’s interview with Sidonia “Sid” Dalby, April 21, 2014.
15. William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite andthe Way to a Meaningful Life (New York: Free Press, 2014).
16. Statement by audience member Chi Ling Chan, at “Excellent Sheep, Revisited,”
Cemex Auditorium, Stanford University, April 16, 2014.
17. Author’s interview with Chi Ling Chan, April 22, 2014.
18. Author’s interview with student, August 22, 2014.
19. Author’s interview with Phil Gardner, March 26, 2013.
３
いつでも子どものそばにいる親3. BEING
THER E FOR THEM

1. Author’s conversation with superintendent, February 20 and February 23, 2013.
2. Author’s interview with Donne Davis, June 10, 2013.
3. Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children(New York: Twelve, 2009).
4. Author’s interview with Steve Thompson, February 22, 2014.
5. Author’s interview with Ty Tingley, April 30, 2014.
6. Author’s interview with Colonel Leon Robert, June 28, 2013.
7. Names, school types, and geographical locations are fictional to preserve privacy.
8. Author’s interview with Tracy-Elizabeth Clay, July 18, 2013.
9. Author’s interview with superintendent, January 20, 2014.
10. Author’s interview with Colonel Charles “Gus” Stafford, July 2, 2013.
4

11. Author’s interview with Kate Raftery, April 13, 2014.
12. Author’s interview with Jonathan, April 22, 2014.
13. Author’s interview with Olaf “Ole” Jorgenson, February 13, 2014.
14. Author’s interview with Colonel Charles “Gus” Stafford, July 2, 2013.
15. Michael Gerson, “Saying Goodbye to My Child, the Youngster,” New York Times,
August 19, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/michael-gerson-saying-goodbye -to -my -child -the -youngster /2013 /08 /19 /6337802e -08dd -11e3 -8974-f97ab3b3c677_story.html.
4. SUCCUMBING
TO THE COLLEGE ADMISSIONS AR MS R ACE
４
激化する受験戦争

1. Author’s interview with northern Virginia parents, April 22, 2014.
2. Author’s interview with Holley, April 22, 2014.
3. Author’s interview with Ellen Nodelman, January 22, 2014.
4. Author’s interview with Hillary Coustan, May 22, 2014.
5. Author’s interview with Sharon Ofek, April 24, 2014.
6. Author’s interview with superintendent, February 20 and 23, 2013.
7. Author’s interview with superintendent, January 20, 2014.
8. Author’s interview with Beth Gagnon, March 28, 2014.
9. Ira Glass interview with Rich Clark, “504: How I Got into College,” This American
Life, September 6, 2013.
10. Ruth Starkman, “Private College Admissions Consultants: Does Your Child Need
One?” Huffington Post, July 22, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ruth-starkman/private-college-admissions-consulting _b_3625632.html.
11. “Obama Getting Emotionally Ready for Malia’s College Departure,” CBSNews.com,
July 28, 2014, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-getting-emotionally-ready-for-malias-college-departure/.
12. Derek Thompson, “Who’s Had the Worst Recession: Boomers, Millennials, or
Gen-Xers?” The Atlantic, September 13, 2011, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/09/whos-had-the-worst-recession-boomers-millennials-or-gen-xers/245056/.
13. Mike Konczal, “What Conclusions Can You Draw On Increases in Unemployment
by Age and Education?” Rortybomb.wordpress.com, October 20, 2010, http://rorty
bomb.wordpress .com /2010/10/20/what-conclusions -can-you-draw-on-increases-in-unemployment-by-age-and-education/.
14. Thompson, “Who’s Had the Worst Recession.”
15. Catherine Rampel, “Data Reveal a Rise in College Degrees Among Americans,”
New York Times, June 12, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/13/education/a-sharp-rise-in-americans-with-college-degrees.html?pagewanted=all& _r=0.
16. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographics Trends, “Millennials in Adulthood:
Detached from Institutions, Networked with Friends,” March 7, 2014, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/03/07/millennials-in-adulthood/.
17. Collegiate Employment Research Institute, “Parent Involvement in the College
Recruiting Process: To What Extent?” Research Brief 2-2007, http://ceri.msu .edu
/publications/pdf/ceri2-07.pdf.
18. Author’s interview with Phil Garner, March 26, 2014. For more information, seealso Phil Garner’s “Parental Involvement in the College Recruitment Process: To
What Extent?” Collegiate Employment Research Institute, Research Brief 2-2007,
Michigan State University. http://ceri.msu.edu/publications/pdf/ceri2-07.pdf.
519. CERI White Paper: Parent Involvement in the College Recruiting Process: To What
Extent? Research Brief 2-2007. http://ceri .msu .edu /publications/pdf /ceri2-07
.pdf.
5. TO
WHAT END?
５
なんのために子育てするのか？

1. Katie Roiphe, In Praise of Messy Lives (New York: Dial Press, 2012), 193–94.
2. Jon Grinspan, “The Wild Children of Yesteryear,” New York Times, May 31, 2014,
http://www.nytimes .com /2014 /06/01/opinion /sunday/the -wild-children-of-yes
teryear.html?module=Search& mabReward=relbias%3Ar %2C %7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A16%22%7D& _r=0.
6. OURKIDS LACK BASIC LIFE SKILLS
６
生活能力を失った子どもたち

1. Jim Hancock, Raising Adults: Getting Kids Ready for the Real World (Colorado
Springs, Colo.: Navpress Publishing Group, 1999).
2. Robin Marantz Henig, “What Is It About 20-Somethings?” New York Times, August
18, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/magazine/22Adulthood-t.html?_r=0.
3. Larry J. Nelson, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Jason S. Carroll, Stephanie D. Madsen,
Carolyn McNamara Barry, and Sarah Badger, “ ‘If You Want Me to Treat You Likean Adult, Start Acting Like One!’ Comparing the Criteria That Emerging Adults
and Their Parents Have for Adulthood,” Journal of Family Psychology 21, no. 4(December 2007): 665–74.
4. Author’s interview with Beth Gagnon, March 28, 2014.
5. Author’s interview with physician, April 14, 2014.
6. Author’s interview with Todd Burger, April 8, 2014.
7. Terry Castle, “Don’t Pick Up: Why Kids Need to Separate from Their Parents,”
Chronicle of Higher Education, May 6, 2012.
8. Robert Krulwich, “Successful Children Who Lost a Parent—Why Are There So Manyof Them?” npr.org, October 16, 2013, http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2013/10/15/234737083/successful-children-who-lost-a-parent-why-are-there-so-many-of-them.
9. Ibid.
10. Terry Castle, “Don’t Pick Up.”
11. See Pew Research Center Social & Demographics Trends Project, “Forty Years After
Woodstock, a Gentler Generation Gap,” August 12, 2009. http://pewsocialtrends.org/pubs/739/woodstock-gentler-generation-gap-music-by-age.
12. Arthur Levine and Diane R. Dean, Generation on a Tightrope: A Portrait of Today’s
College Student (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012).
13. Ibid.
14. Ira Levin, The Stepford Wives (New York: Random House, 1972).
７
過保護が子どもに与える精神的な害7. THEY’VE
BEEN PSYCHOLOGICALLY HAR MED

1. Author’s interview with Charlie Gofen, April 9, 2014.
2. “College Students’ Mental Health Is a Growing Concern, Survey Finds,” Monitor on
Psychology 44 (6), June 2013, http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/06/college-students.aspx.
3. American College Health Association, National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Undergraduates Executive Summary, Hanover, Md., Spring 2013.
6

4. James Wood, “Parental Intrusiveness and Children’s Separation Anxiety in a Clinical Sample,” Child Psychiatry & Human Development 37, no. 1 (Fall 2006): 73–87.
5. Patricia Somers and Jim Settle, “The Helicopter Parent: Research Toward a Typology,”
College and University 86, no. 1 (Summer 2010): 18–24, 26–27.
6. Rachael Rettner, “ ’Helicopter’ Parents Have Neurotic Kids,” NBCNews, June 3, 2010,
http://www.nbcnews .com /id /37493795/ns /health-childrens _health /t /helicopter-parents-have-neurotic-kids/#.VAJMg2RdXyc.
7. T. LeMoyne and T. Buchanan, “Does ‘Hovering’ Matter? Helicopter Parenting and
Its Effect on Well-Being,” Sociological Spectrum 31, no. 4 (June 9, 2011): 399– 418.
8. L. M. Padilla-Walker and L. J. Nelson, “Black Hawk Down? Establishing Helicopter
Parenting as a Distinct Construct from Other Forms of Parental Control During
Emerging Adulthood,” Journal of Adolescence 35, no. 5 (October 2012): 1177–90.
9. H. Schiffrin et al., “Helping or Hovering? The Effects of Helicopter Parenting on College Students’ Well-Being,” Journal of Child and Family Studies 23 (2014): 548–57.
10. Jane E. Barker et al., “Less-Structured Time in Children’s Daily Lives Predicts SelfDirected Executive Functioning,” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 593, http://jour
nal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00593/full.
11. Emery-Weiner Drug, Alcohol, and Risky Behavior Report, Survey, Beit T’Shuvah,
Los Angeles, January 2013.
12. Author’s interview with Harriet Rossetto, April 2, 2014.
13. Author’s interview with clinician, April 1, 2014.
14. Madeline Levine, The Price of Privilege: How Parental Pressure and Material
Advantage Are Creating a Generation of Disconnected and Unhappy Kids (NewYork: HarperCollins, 2006). Also see Madeline Levine, Teach Your Children Well:
Why Values and Coping Skills Matter More Than Grades, Trophies, or “Fat Envelopes” (New York: HarperPerennial, 2013).
15. Madeline Levine, “Parenting for Authentic Success,” talk at Henry M. Gunn HighSchool, Palo Alto, California, January 29, 2014.
16. Madeline Levine, Teach Your Children Well: Parenting for Authentic Success (NewYork: HarperCollins, 2012).
17. Madeline Levine, The Price of Privilege. Also see Schiffrin et al., “Helping or Hovering?”
18. Amy Chua, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother (New York: Penguin Press, 2011).
19. Author’s interview with Frank Wu, May 30, 2014. Also see Frank Wu’s “Everything
My Asian Immigrant Parents Taught Me Turns Out to Be Wrong,” Huffington
Post, April 28, 2014. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/frank-h-wu/everything-my-asian-immig _b_5227102.html.
20. Desiree Baolian Qin et al., “Parent-Child Relations and Psychological Adjustment
Among High-Achieving Chinese and European American Adolescents,” Journalof Adolescence 35, no. 4 (August 2012): 863–73.
21. Race to Nowhere. Lafayette, Calif.: Reel Link Films, 2010.
22. William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite andthe Way to a Meaningful Life (New York: Free Press, 2014), p. 16.
8. 〝薬漬け〟になる子どもたち
THEY’R E BECOMING “STUDY DRUG” ADDICTS
８

1. “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),” cdc.gov, 2014, http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html.
2. Victoria Clayton, “Seeking Straight A’s, Parents Push for Pills. Pediatricians Report
Increasing Requests for ‘Academic Doping,’ ” Growing Up Healthy, NBCNews.com,
7September 7, 2006. http://www.nbcnews.com /id /14590058/ns/health-childrens_health/t/seeking-straight-parents-push-pills/#.U-al8vm-2wc.
3. Author’s interview with parent, October 30, 2014.
4. The Partnership at Drugfree.org, “2012 Partnership Attitude Tracking Study.
Sponsored by MetLife Foundation, Teens and Parents,” April 23, 2013. http://www.drugfree.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/PATS-2012-FULL-REPORT2.pdf.
5. American College Health Association, National College Health Assessment II: Undergraduate Students Reference Group Executive Summary, Hanover, Md., Spring 2013.
6. Arthur Levine and Diane R. Dean, Generation on a Tightrope: A Portrait of Today’s
College Student (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012).
7. Nancy Shute, “Neurologists Warn Against ADHD Drugs to Help Kids Study,”Your Health, NPR, March 14, 2013. http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/03/13/174193454/neurologists-warn-against-adhd-drugs-to-help-kids-study.
8. Ibid.
9. James L. Kent, “Adderall: America’s Favorite Amphetamine,” hightimes.com, May 9,2013, http://www.hightimes.com/read/adderall-americas-favorite-amphetamine.
10. Author’s interview with student, April 28, 2014.
9. WE’R
E HURTING THEIR JOB PROSPECTS
９
過保護な子育てが子どもの就職を妨げる

1. Sarah LeTrent, “How Helicopter Parenting Can Ruin Kids’ Job Prospects,” CNN
Parents, July 2, 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/02/living/cnn-parents-helicopter-parenting-job-search/index.html.
2. David Dobbs, “The Science of Success,” The Atlantic, December 2009. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/print/2009/12/the-science-of-success/307761/.
3. Self-described “youthologist” Vanessa Van Petten, “10 Qualities of Teacup Parenting:
Is Your Kid Too Fragile?” RadicalParenting.com, June 19, 2008. http://www.radical
parenting.com/2008/06/19/10-qualities-of-teacup-parenting-is-your-kid-too-fragile/.
4. J. Bradley-Geist and J. Olson-Buchanan, “Helicopter Parents: An Examination of
the Correlates of Overparenting of College Students,” Education and Training 56,
no. 4 (2014): 314–28.
5. Find Evil HR Lady at http://evilhrlady.org; Suzanne Lucas’s articles | Inc.com Suzanne
Lucas’s articles CBS MoneyWatch.
6. Author’s interview with Suzanne Lucas, February 14, 2014.
7. Suzanne Lucas, “Why My Child Will Be Your Child’s Boss,” June 21, 2012, http://
www.cbsnews.com/news/why-my-child-will-be-your-childs-boss/.
8. Author’s interview with Lora Mitchell, March 27, 2013.
9. Author’s interview with Carol Konicki, March 27, 2013.
10. Author’s interview with Hope Hardison, February 7, 2014.
11. Author’s interview with Tracy-Elizabeth Clay, July 18, 2013.
12. Author’s interview with Eric Scroggins, February 24, 2014.
13. Author’s interview with Tracy-Elizabeth Clay, July 18, 2013.
14. Lisa Needham, “Millennials, Your Boss Should Not Call Your Mommy to Talk
About Your Job,” HappyNiceTimePeople.com, April 15, 2014, http://happynicetime
people.com/millennials-boss-call-mommy-talk-job/.
15. Vince Molinaro, “Do Millennials Really Want Their Bosses to Call Their Parents?”
Harvard Business Review, April 14, 2014, http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/04/do-millennials-really-want-their-bosses-to-call-their-parents/.
16. Author’s conversation with Nancy Altobello, March 6, 2014.
8

10. OVERPAR
ENTING STR ESSES US OUT, TOO
10
過剰な子育ては親の負担にもなる

1. Jennifer Senior, “For Parents, Happiness Is a Very High Bar,” TED2014, March
2014. http://www.ted.com/talks/jennifer_senior_for_parents _happiness _is _a _very_high _bar. Also by Senior, All Joy and No Fun: The Paradox of Modern Parenting(New York: Ecco, 2014).
2. R. F. Baumeister, Meanings of Life (New York: Guilford Press, 1991).
3. J. M. Pascoe, A. Stolfi, and M. B. Ormond, “Correlates of Mothers’ Persistent
Depressive Symptoms: A National Study,” Journal of Pediatric Health Care 20, no. 4(2006): 261–69.
4. Shawn Bean, “Xanax Makes Me a Better Mom,” Parenting.com, (undated) http://
www.parenting.com/article/xanax.
5. “Cancel That Violin Class: Helicopter Moms and Dads Will Not Harm Their Kids
if They Relax a Bit,” Economist, July 26, 2014, http://www.economist .com /news/united-states/21608793 -helicopter-moms-and-dads-will-not-harm-their-kids-if-they-relax-bit-cancel-violin.
6. Jordana K. Bayer et al., “Parent Influences on Early Childhood Internalizing Difficulties,” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 27, no. 6 (2006): 542–59.
Also see M. M. Weissman et al., “Offspring of Depressed Parents: 20 Years Later,”
American Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 6 (July 2006): 1001–8.
7. Senior, “For Parents, Happiness Is a Very High Bar.” Also by Senior, All Joy and No Fun.
8. Markella B. Rutherford, Supervision Required: Private Freedoms and Public Constraints for Parents and Children (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press,2011).
9. Kathryn M. Rizzo, Holly H. Schiff rin, and Miriam Liss, “Insight into the Parenthood Paradox: Mental Health Outcomes of Intensive Mothering,” Journal of Childand Family Studies 27, no. 5 (July 2013): 14–20.
10. Bonnie Rochman, “Mother Is Best? Why ‘Intensive Parenting’ Makes Moms More
Depressed.” Time, August 7, 2012, http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/07/mother-is-best-why-intensive-parenting-makes-moms-more-depressed/.
11. Annette Lareau, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2003).
12. Judith Warner, Perfect Madness: Motherhood in the Age of Anxiety (New York: Riverhead Books, 2005).
13. Author’s interview with Beth Gagnon, March 28, 2014.
14. Author’s interview with Stacy Budin, June 16, 2014.
15. Author’s interview with parent, August 22, 2014.
16. Author’s interview with parent, January 23, 2014.
17. Author’s interview with parent, May 23, 2014.
18. Pamela Druckerman, Bringing Up Bébé (New York: Penguin Press, 2012), p. 144.
19. Ayelet Waldman, Bad Mother: A Chronicle of Maternal Crimes, Minor Calamities,
and Occasional Moments of Grace (New York: Doubleday, 2009).
20. Author’s interview with Ayelet Waldman, March 26, 2014.
21. Senior, “For Parents, Happiness Is a Very High Bar.”
22. Author’s interview with group of parents in Dallas, Texas, April 23, 2014.
23. Author’s interview with parent, January 13, 2014.
24. Author’s interview with Seattle parents, May 12, 2014.
25. Author’s interview with Maurina, January 23, 2014.
26. Author’s interview with group of parents in Dallas, Texas, April 23, 2014.
927. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Judith Warner, Perfect Madness.
31. Author’s interview with parent, May 24, 2014.
32. Author’s interview with Stacy Budin, June 16, 2014.
11. THECOLLEGE ADMISSION PRO CESS IS BROKEN
11
大学受験がおかしくなっている

1. “How U.S. News Calculated the 2015 Best Colleges Rankings,” U.S. News & World
Report, September 8, 2014, http://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2014/09/08/how-us-news-calculated-the-2015-best-colleges-rankings.
2. “Mort Zuckerman Abruptly Ends Interview About U.S. News College Rankings,”
MediaBistro.com, May 22, 2007, http://www.mediabistro.com /fi shbowlny/mort-zuckerman-abruptly-ends-interview-about-u-s-news-college-rankings _b5056.
3. Author’s conversation with Stanford dean of admission and financial aid Richard
Shaw, June 26, 2014.
4. Author’s interview with Sidonia “Sid” Dalby, April 21, 2014.
5. William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite andthe Way to a Meaningful Life (New York: Free Press, 2014), p. 242.
6. Catherine Rampel, “Data Reveal a Rise in College Degrees Among Americans,”
New York Times, June 12, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/13/education/a-sharp-rise-in-americans-with-college-degrees.html?pagewanted=all& _r=0.
7. Though recently some colleges have been found to have manipulated these data so
as to improve their ranking.
8. Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep, 191.
9. Author’s interview with Blaike Young, April 22, 2014.
10. Nona Willis Aronowitz, “Does the New SAT Spell Doom for the Test Prep Industry?” March 6, 2014, http://www.nbcnews.com/news/education/does-new-sat-spell-doom-test-prep-industry-n45936.
11. Author’s interview with Barbara Cronan, March 10 and April 28, 2014.
12. Author’s conversation with Ayelet Waldman, March 26, 2014.
13. Author’s interview with Lloyd Thacker, March 5, 2014.
14. Michele Tolela Myers, “The Cost of Bucking College Rankings,” The Washington
Post, March 11, 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/09/AR2007030901836.html.
15. In 2013 Sarah Lawrence College became SAT-optional and was once again includedin the U.S. News rankings.
16. Lloyd Thacker, College Unranked: Ending the College Admissions Frenzy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005).
17. “U.S. News College Rankings Debated,” PBS Newshour, August 20, 2007, http://
www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/education-july-dec07-rankings _08-20/.
18. The swimsuit issue traditionally sells more than 1 million copies on newsstands(about ten to fifteen times as much as regular SI). http://www.businessinsider.com/business-facts-about-the-sports-illustrated-swimsuit-issue-2013-2.
19. Author’s interview with Robert Sternberg, April 1, 2014.
20. R. J. Sternberg and the Rainbow Project Collaborators, “The Rainbow Project:
Enhancing the SAT Through Assessments of Analytical, Practical and Creative
Skills,” Intelligence 34, no. 4 (2006): 321–50.
1021. Author’s interview with Larry Momo, March 3, 2014.
22. Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep, 241.
12. THECASE FOR ANOTHER WAY
12
最良の子育てとは

1. Jeff rey Jensen Arnett and Elizabeth Fishel, Getting to 30: A Parent’s Guide to the
20-Something Years (New York: Workman Publishing, 2014).
2. Albert Bandura, “Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change,”
Psychological Review 84 (1977): 191–215.
3. “Self-Efficacy in Children,” AboutKidsHealth, August 30, 2012, http://www.about
kidshealth.ca/En/HealthAZ/FamilyandPeerRelations/life-skills/Pages/Self-efficacy-children.aspx.
4. See William Damon, Foreword, in Richard Lerner and Laurence Steinberg, eds.,
Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley, 2004).
5. Author’s interview with William Damon, October 2, 2014.
6. This information is gleaned from Dan H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury,
Psychology, 6th ed. (New York: Worth Publishers, 2012); Amanda Ripley, The Smartest
Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013);
Joe Brewster, Michele Stephenson, and Hilary Beard, Promises Kept: Raising BlackBoys to Succeed in School and in Life (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2014); and Jelani
Mandara, “An Empirically Derived Parenting Typology,” paper presented at the
Achievement Gap Initiative Conference, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.,
June 29, 2011.
7. Amanda Ripley, The Smartest Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013): 112.
8. Citing Mandara, “An Empirically Derived Parenting Typology” (paper presented
at the Achievement Gap Initiative Conference, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Mass., June 29, 2011).
9. Amy Chua, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother (New York: Penguin Press, 2011), 63.
13. GIVE
THEM U NSTRUCTUR ED TIME
13
自由気ままに過ごさせる

1. Hillary R. Clinton, “An Idyllic Childhood,” in The Games We Played: A Celebration of Childhood and Imagination, ed. Steven A. Cohen, 161– 65 (New York: Simon& Schuster, 2001).
2. Howard P. Chudacoff, Children at Play: An American History (New York: NewYork University Press, 2007).
3. Ibid., 223.
4. Peter Gray, “The Decline of Play and the Rise of Psychopathology in Children andAdolescents,” American Journal of Play 3, no. 4 (Spring 2011): 443– 63.
5. Susie Mesure, quoting Boston College psychologist and author of Free to Learn, Peter
Gray. http://www.independent.co.uk /life-style/health-and-families/features/when-we -stop -children-taking-risks -do -we -stunt-their-emotional-growth-9422057.html.
6. UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of the Child, November 20, 1989.
United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, Article 31.
7. Hanna Rosin, “The Overprotected Kid,” The Atlantic, April 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/03/hey-parents-leave-those-kids-alone/358631/.
8. Michael Lanza, Playborhood: Turn Your Neighborhood into a Place for Play (Menlo
Park, Calif.: Free Play Press, 2012).
11

9. Author’s interview with Michael Lanza, July 31, 2013.
10. Peter Sims, “The Montessori Mafia,” The Wall Street Journal, April 5, 2011, http://
blogs.wsj.com/ideas-market/2011/04/05/the-montessori-mafia/.
11. Jay Mathews, “Montessori, Now 100, Goes Mainstream,” Washington Post, January
2, 2007. http://www.washingtonpost .com /wp-dyn /content /article/2007/01/01/
AR2007010100742 .html.
12. Johan Nylander, “The Rise of Alternative Education in China,” CNN World: On
China, March 26, 2014. http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/26/world/asia/china-alternative-education/.
13. Yong Zhao, “Be Careful What You Wish For,” Education Week, October 3, 2013,
http:// blogs .edweek .org /edweek /international _perspectives/2013/10/be _careful_what _you _wish _for.html?cmp=SOC-SHR-TW.
14. See Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, “Flow, the Secret to Happiness,” TED2004, February
2004. http://www.ted.com/talks/mihaly_csikszentmihalyi _on_flow.
15. “Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Motivating People to Learn,” Edutopia, April 11, 2002,
http://www.edutopia.org/mihaly-csikszentmihalyi-motivating-people-learn.
16. Nancy S. Cotton, “Childhood Play as an Analog to Adult Capacity to Work,” Child
Psychiatry and Human Development 14, no. 3 (Spring 1984): 135– 44.
17. Stuart Brown, “Play Is More Than Just Fun,” TED, May 2008. http://www.ted.com/talks/stuart _brown _says _play_is _more _than _fun _it _s _vital.
18. Judy Woodruff ’s interview with Hanna Rosin, “Should Parents Let Their Kids
Take More Risks?” PBS Newshour, May 9, 2014. http://www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/parents-let-kids-take-risks/.
14.
LIFE SKILLS
14 TEACH
生活能力を教える

1. Author’s interview with David McCullough, Jr., January 28, 2014.
2. Martin Seligman, Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment (New York: Free Press, 2002).
3. Author’s interviews with Harriett Rossetto, Doug Rosen, Adam Mindel, April 2014.
4. Author’s interview with student, April 14, 2014.
5. Suniya Luthar, “The Problem with Rich Kids,” Psychology Today, November 5,
2013, http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201310/the-problem-rich-kids.
6. Author’s interview with Stacey Ashlund, May 6, 2014.
7. Lindsay Hutton,“I Did It All by Myself! An Age-by-Age Guide to Teaching YourChild Life Skills,” FamilyEducation.com (undated). http://life.familyeducation.com/slideshow/independence/71434.html?page=1.
8. Author’s interview with Adam Mindel, April 25, 2014.
9. Lenore Skenazy, Free Range Kids: How to Raise Safe, Self-Reliant Children (Without
Going Nuts with Worry) (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010).
10. Author’s interview with Jenny Ryan, Kristen Gracia, and David Ackerman, June
12, 2014.
11. Author’s interview with student, April 14, 2014.
15.
THEM HOW TO THINK
15 TEACH
自分で考えることを教える

1. William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite andthe Way to a Meaningful Life (New York: Free Press, 2014).

12

2. Daniel Pink, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us (New York:Riverhead Books, 2009).
3. “The Art of Redesigning Instruction,” The Foundation for Critical Thinking (undated),
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-redesigning-instruction/520.
4. Amanda Ripley, The Smartest Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way (NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 2013).
5. “Study: Most College Students Lack Skills,” USA Today, January 19, 2006, http://
usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/education/2006 -01-19-college-tasks _x.htm.
6. Denise Pope, “Doing School”: How We Are Creating a Generation of Stressed Out,
Materialistic, and Miseducated Students (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press,
2003).
7. M. Galloway, J. Connor, and D. Pope, “Nonacademic Effects of Homework in Privileged, High-Performing High Schools,” Journal of Experimental Education 81, no.
4 (2013); http://www.challengesuccess.org/Portals/0/Docs/ChallengeSuccess-Home
work-WhitePaper.pdf; http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2014/03/13/homework-hurts-high-achieving-students-study-says/; http://www.washington
post .com /local /education /does -high -school -stress -have -to -be -a -bad -thing/2014 /04/26/a824534c-cc00-11e3-93eb-6c0037dde2ad _story.html; http://time.com/41981/six-ways-to-end-the-tyranny-of-homework/; http://parenting.blogs.nytimes.com /2014 /03/12 /homeworks -emotional -toll -on -students -and -families /? _php
=true& _type=blogs& _r=0.
8. Randye Hoder, “Six Ways to End the Tyranny of Homework,” Time, March 28,
2014, http://time.com/41981/six-ways-to-end-the-tyranny-of-homework /.
9. Valerie Strauss, “Homework: An Unnecessary Evil? . . . Surprising Findings from
New Research,” The Washington Post, November 26, 2012, http://www.washington
post .com /blogs /answer -sheet /wp /2012 /11 /26 /homework-an -unnecessary-evil-surprising-findings-from-new-research/.
10. “The Art of Redesigning Instruction,” The Foundation for Critical Thinking (undated),
http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-redesigning-instruction/520.
11. Jennifer Fox, Your Child’s Strengths: A Guide for Parents and Teachers (New York:Viking Adult, 2008).
12. Author interview with Jeff Brenzel, May 12, 2014.
13. Author interview with John Barton, September 23, 2014.
14. Carol Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (New York: Ballantine Books,
2006).
15. Carol Dweck, “How Can You Change from a Fixed Mindset to a Growth Mindset?”
Mindset Online (undated). http://mindsetonline.com/changeyourmindset/firststeps/.
16. Ibid.
17. Amanda Ripley, The Smartest Kids in the World, 198.
16. PR
EPAR E THEM FOR HAR D WORK
16
厳しい仕事に備えさせる

1. Author’s interview with Stephen Parkhurst, February 25, 2014.
2. “Millennials: We Suck and We’re Sorry,” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4IjTUxZORE .
3. “The PreparedU Project: An In-Depth Look at Millennial Preparedness for Today’s
Workforce,” Bentley University, January 29, 2014. https://www.bentley.edu /fi les/prepared/1.29.2013_BentleyU_Whitepaper_Shareable.pdf.

13

4. For example, see Susan Tordella, Raising Able: How Chores Nurture Grit and SelfDiscipline in Children (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012).
5. Dava Sobel, “Work Habits in Childhood Found to Predict Adult Well-Being,” NewYork Times, November 10, 1981. http://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/science/work-habits-in-childhood-found-to-predict-adult-well-being.html.
6. Edward M. Hallowell, The Childhood Roots of Adult Happiness: Five Steps to Help
Kids Create and Sustain Lifetime Joy (New York: Ballantine Books, 2002).
7. The findings of this 2008 study directed by Dr. Sandra Hofferth, of the Maryland
Population Research Center at the University of Maryland, were featured in Sue
Shellenbarger, “On the Virtues of Making Your Children Do the Dishes,” Wall Street
Journal, August 27, 2008. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB121978677837474177.
8. Ibid.
9. Markella B. Rutherford, Adult Supervision Required: Private Freedoms and Public
Constraints for Parents and Children (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University
Press, 2011), pp. 337–53.
10. Annette Lareau, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2003).
11. Talk given at Challenge Success conference Success by Design: Is it Possible?,
September 26, 2014.
12. Patricia Smith, “Pitch In! Getting Your Kids to Help with Chores,” Education.com,
March 5, 2009, http://www.education.com/magazine/article/Pitch _Getting _Your_Kids _Help/; Esther Davidowitz, “Get Kids to Pitch In,” Parenting.com 2012, http://
www.parenting.com/article/get-kids-to-pitch-in; Annie Stuart, “Divide and Conquer
Household Chores,” WebMD.com (undated), http://www.webmd .com /parenting/features/chores-for-children.
13. Author’s interview with Stephen Parkhurst, February 25, 2014.
14. Author’s interview with Alexa Gulliford, May 22 and May 30, 2014.
15. Author’s interview with employee, February 4, 2014.
17. LET
THEM CHART THEIR OW N PATH
17
自分の道を自分で決めさせる

1. Author’s interview with Sebastian Th run, May 16, 2014.
2. William Damon, The Path to Purpose: Helping Our Children Find Their Calling inLife (New York: Free Press, 2008), 131.
3. Adam Smiley Poswolsky, The Quarter-life Breakthrough (San Francisco: 20s & 30s
Press, 2014).
4. Author’s interview with Rick Wartzman, June 3, 2014.
5. Rick Wartzman, “Some Words of Wisdom from Peter Drucker to My Daughter,”Time, May 7, 2014. http://time .com /89695/some-words- of-wisdom-from-peter-drucker-to-my-daughter/.
6. Author’s interview with Sebastian Thrun, May 16, 2014.
7. Author’s interview with Jennifer Ayer Sandell, May 29, 2014.
8. Author’s interview with Michele, January 23, 2014.
9. Author’s interview with Holley, April 22, 2014.
10. William Damon, The Path to Purpose, 131.
11. Author’s interview with Sebastian Thrun, May 16, 2014.
12. Author’s interview with Adam Smiley Poswolsky, October 15, 2014.
13. William Damon, The Path to Purpose, 130.
14

14. Author’s interview with lawyer, June 2, 2014.
15. William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite andthe Way to a Meaningful Life (New York: Free Press, 2014), pp. 121–22.
18. NORMALIZE STRUGGLE
18
困難を標準化する

1. Brené Brown, Daring Greatly: How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way
We Live, Love, Parent, and Lead (New York: Gotham Books, 2012).
2. The Resilience Project, http://resilience.stanford.edu.
3. Sir Ken Robinson, “How Schools Kill Creativity,” TED2006, http://www.ted .com
/talks/ken _robinson _says _schools _kill _creativity.
4. Author’s interview with Colonel Leon Robert, June 28, 2013.
5. Author’s interview with Harriet Rossetto, April 2, 2014.
6. Author’s interview with Phil Gardner, March 26, 2013.
7. Author’s interview with Eric Scroggins, February 24, 2014.
8. Author’s interview with Stephen Parkhurst, February 25, 2014.
9. Author’s interview with Colonel Leon Robert, June 28, 2013.
10. William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite andthe Way to a Meaningful Life (New York: Free Press, 2014), p. 113.
11. Author’s interview with James Willcox, May 22, 2014.
12. Carol Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (New York: Ballantine
Books, 2006); see also Dweck, http://mindsetonline .com /changeyourmindset/fi rststeps/.
13. Brené Brown, The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You’re Supposed to
Be and Embrace Who You Are (Center City, Minn.: Hazelden, 2010); Brené Brown,
Daring Greatly: How the Courage to be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live,
Love, Parent, and Lead (New York: Gotham Books, 2012).
14. Brené Brown, “The Power of Vulnerability,” TEDxHouston, June 2010, http://www.ted.com/talks/ brene _brown _on _vulnerability?language = en.
15. Angela Duckworth et al., “Grit: Perseverance and Passion for Long-Term Goals,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92, no. 6 (2007): 1087–1101.
16. Tim Elmore, Generation iY: Our Last Chance to Save Their Future (Atlanta: Poet
Gardener Publishing, 2010).
17. Kenneth R. Ginsburg, A Parent’s Guide to Building Resilience in Children and Teens:
Giving Your Child Roots and Wings (Elk Grove Village, Ill.: American Academy of
Pediatrics, 2011).
18. Jessica Lahey, The Gift of Failure: How the Best Parents Learn to Let Go So Their
Children Can Succeed (New York: Harper, 2015).
19. M. W. Anderson and T. D. Johanson, GIST: The Essence of Raising Life-Ready Kids
(Eden Prairie, GISTWorks, LLC, 2013).
20. Wendy Mogel, The Blessing of a B Minus (New York: Scribner, 2010).
21. Author’s interview with Eric Scroggins, February 24, 2014.
22. Paul Tough, How Children Succeed: Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012).
23. Motoko Rich, “As Apprentices in the Classroom, Teachers Learn What Works,”
New York Times, October 10, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/11/us/as-appren
tices -in -classroom -teachers -learn -what -works .html ?module=Search &mab
Reward=relbias%3Aw %2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A8%22%7D& _r=0.

15

24. Rena Stone, Talk presented at annual fundraiser for Aspire Public Schools, San
Francisco, California, May 20, 2014.
25. Author’s interview with James Willcox, May 22, 2014.
19. HAVE
A WIDER MIND- SET ABOUT COLLEGES
19
より広い視野で大学を見る

1. Author’s interview with William Rivera, April 22, 2014.
2. Mitchell L. Stevens, Creating a Class: College Admissions and the Education of
Elites (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007).
3. Barry Schwartz, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less (New York: HarperPerennial, 2005).
4. Author’s interview with Larry Momo, March 3, 2014.
5. Kayla Webley, “As College Applications Rise, So Does Indecision,” Time, May 1,
2013, http://nation.time.com /2013/05/01/as-college-applications-rise-so-does-indecision/.
6. Author’s interview with judge, May 12, 2014.
7. Dan Edmonds, “College Admissions: The Myth of Higher Selectivity,” Time, March
20, 2013, http://ideas.time.com/2013/03/20/college-admissions-the-myth-of-higher-selectivity/.
8. Stacy Berg Dale and Alan B. Krueger, “Estimating the Payoff to Attending a More
Selective College: An Application of Selection on Observables and Unobservables,”The National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1999, http://www.nber.org/papers/w7322.
9. Gregg Easterbrook, “Who Needs Harvard?” The Brookings Institution, October 2004,
http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2004/10/education-easterbrook.
10. William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite andthe Way to a Meaningful Life (New York: Free Press, 2014), p. 196.
11. Author’s interview with Lou Adler, June 3, 2014.
12. Malcolm Gladwell, David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits and the Art of Battling
Giants (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2013).
13. The President and Fellows of Harvard College, “Undergraduate Colleges,” Harvard
Law School (undated), http://www.law.harvard.edu/prospective/jd/apply/undergrads.html.
14. Thomas L. Friedman, “How to Get a Job at Google,” New York Times, February 22,
2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/opinion/sunday/friedman-how-to-get-a-job-at-google.html?_r=1.
15. Loren Pope, Colleges That Change Lives: 40 Schools That Will Change the Way You
Think About Colleges (New York: Penguin, 2012).
16. Loren Pope, Looking Beyond the Ivy Leagues: Finding the College That’s Right for
You (New York: Penguin, 1990).
17. Author’s interview with Christina Allen, May 23, 2014.
18. The National Center for Fair and Open Testing, “Colleges and Universities That Do
Not Use SAT/ACT Scores for Admitting Substantial Numbers of Students into
Bachelor Degree Programs,” http://www.fairtest.org/university/optional.
19. Ranked 110th by U.S. News.
20. Ranked 38th by U.S. News.
21. Rebecca Schuman, “Bard’s Better Admissions Application,” Slate, June 6, 2014,
http://www.slate.com/articles/life/education/2014/06/the _bard _admissions _exam_four_essays _no_common _application.html.
1622. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Author’s interview with Lee Coffin, June 6, 2014.
25. Author’s conversation with Tufts provost David Harris, April 24, 2014.
20. LISTENTO THEM20
耳をかたむける

1. Author’s interview with Maeve Grogan, February 5, 2014.
2. Author’s interview with Maurina, January 23, 2014.
3. The American Psychological Association, http://www.apa.org /helpcenter/commu
nication-parents.aspx.
4. Author’s interview with Brandon, June 7, 2014.
5. Randye Hoder, Why I Let My Daughter Get a “Useless” College Degree, http://ideas.time.com/2014/01/16/why-i-let-my-daughter-get-a-useless-college-degree/.
6. Author’s interview with Randye Hoder and Emma, May 29, 2014.
7. Author’s interview with student, May 29, 2014.
21. R自分自身を取りもどす
ECLAIM YOUR SELF
21

1. Author’s interview with Catharine Jacobsen, May 14, 2014.
2. Annette Lareau, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life (Berkeley,
Calif.: University of California Press, 2003).
3. Shawn Bean, “Xanax Makes Me a Better Mom,” http://www.parenting.com/article/xanax.
4. American Psychological Association, “APA Survey Raises Concern About HealthImpact of Stress on Children and Families,” November 9, 2010, http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2010/11/stress-in-america.aspx.
5. Christine Carter, The Sweet: Spot: How to Find Your Groove at Home and Work (NewYork: Ballantine Books, 2015).
6. Brigid Schulte, Overwhelmed: Work, Love, and Play When No One Has the Time
(New York: Sarah Crichton Books, 2014).
7. Barbara Sher and Barbara Smith, I Could Do Anything if I Only Knew What It Was:
How to Discover What You Really Want and How to Get It (New York: Delacorte
Press, 1994); Eckhart Tolle, A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life’s Purpose (an Oprah
selection), (New York: Penguin, 2005).
8. George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study(Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 2012). See also http://positivepsychologynews.com/news/george-vaillant/200907163163.
9. Christine Carter, Raising Happiness: 10 Simple Steps for More Joyful Kids and HappierParents (New York: Ballantine Books, 2010).
10. Carter, The Sweet Spot.
11. Author’s interview with student, April 14, 2014.
12. Author’s interview with mother, May 14, 2014.
22. BETHE PAR ENT YOU WANT TO BE
22
なりたい親になる

1. Brian Morton, “Falser Words Were Never Spoken,” New York Times, August 29,
2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/opinion/falser-words-were-never-spoken.html?_r=0.
17

2. Christine Car ter, The Sweet Spot: How to Find Your Groove at Home and Work
(New York: Ballentine Books, 2015).
3. Car ter, The Sweet Spot, quoting Brené Brown.
4. Author’s interview with parent, February 19 and October 27, 2014.
5. Author’s interview with Maurina, January 23, 2014.
6. Author’s interview with Lisa, November 13, 2014.
7. Author’s interview with Carole, November 13, 2014.
8. Author’s interview with parent, February 19 and October 27, 2014.
9. Author’s interview with parent, November 20, 2014.
10. Author’s interview with Kristen, November 14, 19, and 20, 2014.
11. Katrina Kenison, The Gift of an Ordinary Day: A Mother’s Memoir (New York: Springboard Press, 2009).
12. Author’s interview with Christine, November 13, 2014.
13. Author’s interview with Maurice, November 14, 2014.
14. Author’s interview with Rani, November 13, 2014.
15. Author’s interview with Jeff Gamble, November 13 and 21, and December 5, 2014.
16. Author’s interview with Maeve Grogan, February 5, 2014.
おわりにCONCLUSION

1. William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite andthe Way to a Meaningful Life (New York: Free Press, 2014), 58.

18

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