Safety Manual

Safety Manual

2023

2023

Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology Koganei Campus

Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology Koganei Campus
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Issuance of “Safety Manual” 2023 Version

A variety of practical classes and experiments take place at Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology Koganei Campus every day, including those using drugs, high voltage currents, and heavymachinery. While these have been developed as products of science and technology for our benefit,
incorrect use or careless handling results in life-threatening accidents and disasters. In addition to theacquisition of advanced specialist knowledge, the obtainment of knowledge regarding hazards anddisaster prevention and the safe handling of substances and equipment that involve risk, while ensuringsafety for themselves and those around them, is considered basic common sense and morals for all
persons engaging in engineering and is a part of the ability required for high level engineers andresearchers in developing new technologies. In addition, major accidents and disasters are often causedby experienced people becoming inflated after familiarizing themselves with the procedures. It isnecessary to maintain the attitude of paying attention to every detail, no matter what. All experiments andpractical classes are incorporated in the curriculum based on this common understanding.
Since the issuance of the first version in 1989, the “Safety Manual” has been used as a guidance inpreventing hazards and disasters in experiments and practical classes conducted by students andfaculty and staff members at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Campus. The
details in this manual are not only considered rules within Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
but the social responsibilities of engineers and researchers. The university has increased responsibilities
according to the complex changes in society. Safety management within the university also leads to theprevention of social incidents such as crimes. We aimed to create a safety manual that is moreconvenient to use through revisions made in response to the changes in the present time. We would liketo express our gratitude to the faculty and staff members for their cooperation.
Our earnest desire is that this “Safety Manual” is used by the students and faculty and staff memberswith profound awareness of the responsibilities as those receiving engineering education andresponsibilities in engaging in education and research, while enriching their activities.

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Koganei Environment, Health, and Safety Committee

University website on “Safety Manual”
The items relating to this “Safety Manual” are published on the website of this university. Laws andregulations relating to environment and safety are revised every year, and this is accompanied byamendments in relevant procedures. Make sure to actively check the following website to obtain the latest
information.
◼
“Center for Environment and Safety” website◼
How to access the website
Access the faculty and staff member website from the Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology top page to access the “Center for Environment and Safety” website◼
Details of each item in the “Center for Environment and Safety” website (partially omitted)
What information is provided, andItem namewhen is this necessary?
Safety activities and safety ・ Safety Manual
management
This is the electronic version of this “Safety Manual”. You will be able toaccess the Faculty of Agriculture version.
・ Proper control of radioactive substancesThis is mandatory for laboratories handling radiation. Detailed explanation
on various procedures and handling methods are provided.
・ Storage and control of various organisms
Mandatory for laboratories conducting experiments on geneticallymodified organisms, pathogenic microbes, and introduced species.
・ Periodical self-inspection of draft chambers
Laboratories with draft chambers will be required to perform selfinspection of air flow according to the Industrial Safety and Health Act.
Test tables and manuals for these inspections are provided.
Environmental activities and You can access the “Environmental Activity Plan” and “Environmental
environmental control
Report” (which are mandatory for submission every year) for this university.
Disaster prevention activities
and crisis management

Disaster prevention requirements
Requirements for precautionary and reactive measures for earthquake,fire, etc.
・ Crisis management manual
The manuals for handling of “crisis” that are potentially encountered at theuniversity.
The manual also provides the response by faculty and staff members andstudents in case of earthquake, fire, etc.
Laws and regulations relating to You can access the laws and regulations relating to environment and safety
environment and safety,
control, as well as the internal rules at the university.
university rules, and complianceApplications and signages
・ Applications
Application formats including “Accident/incident/disaster Report” areavailable.
・ Signages for Ordinance on Prevention of Organic Solvent Poisoning andOrdinance on Prevention of Hazards Due to Specified Chemical
Substances
Laboratories owning designated “organic solvents” and “specified
chemical substances stipulated in the Industrial Safety and Health Act
must display signage by the designated method. This section contains
the applicable “signages”.
・ Work environment measurements
Documents on the measurement of work environment, etc.
Emergency contact for
Explanation is provided on the contact method within the university, contact
onset/discovery of accidents, details, and rules for reporting in case of accidents and disasters
incidents, and disasters(These rules are common to the entire university.)
Drug management system

All laboratories handling chemical products are required to be registered.
Explanations on the operating methods, details of registration, and relevantlaws and regulations (PRTR, metropolitan ordinances), etc. are also
provided.

Table of Contents
Issuance of “Safety Manual” 2023 Version

Safety and disaster prevention within the university .................................................................................... 1
Emergency measures .................................................................................................................................. 2
I

II

III

Contact methods.......................................................................................................................... 2
1.
In case of accidents involving injury or death ..................................................................... 22.
In case of fire or explosion .................................................................................................. 2
First-aid measures ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.
Common procedure............................................................................................................. 4
2.
First-aid measures for bleeding........................................................................................... 4
3.
First-aid measures for trauma ............................................................................................. 44.
First-aid measure for bone fracture..................................................................................... 55.
First-aid measures for burns ............................................................................................... 5
6.
First-aid measures for electrocution .................................................................................... 57.
Checking for breathing and chest compression.................................................................. 5
8.
First-aid measures for acute poisoning caused by chemicals ............................................ 8
9.
Use of AED .......................................................................................................................... 9
Post-treatment ........................................................................................................................... 10

Accident/incident/disaster Report ...............................................................................................................11
Safety in experiments and practices .......................................................................................................... 12
I

II

Safety in Student Experiments .................................................................................................. 12
1.
General Tips ...................................................................................................................... 12(1)
Attitude toward Experiments .................................................................................... 12(2)
Guidelines for Safety in Experiments ....................................................................... 13(3)
Measures for Dealing With Accidents ...................................................................... 14
Chemical and Biological Experiments ....................................................................................... 15
1.
General Tips ...................................................................................................................... 15
2.
Precautions for Preventing Accidents in Basic Operations............................................... 16(1)
Precautions for Glassware Use ................................................................................ 16(2)
Handling of chemicals .............................................................................................. 16(3)
Precautions for Heating ............................................................................................ 17(4)
Precautions for Cooling ............................................................................................ 17(5)
Precautions for Distillation ........................................................................................ 17(6)
Precautions for Filtration .......................................................................................... 18(7)
Precautions for Extraction ........................................................................................ 18(8)
Precautions for Drying .............................................................................................. 18(9)Melting Point Meter Usage ....................................................................................... 19(10) Precautions for High-Pressure Experiments ............................................................ 19
3.
Chemical Experiments ...................................................................................................... 20(1)
Analytical Chemistry Experiments ............................................................................ 20

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4.

(2)
Organic Chemical Experiments ................................................................................ 20(3)
Physical Chemistry Experiments .............................................................................. 21(4)
Computer Experiments ............................................................................................. 22(5)
Instrumental Analysis Experiment ............................................................................ 22(6)
Physical Experiments ............................................................................................... 23(7)
Chemical Engineering Experiments ......................................................................... 23
Biological and Bioengineering Experiments .............................................................................. 24

Ⅲ

Physics/Electric/Electronic Experiments ................................................................................... 24

IV

1.
Basic Precautions in Physics Experiments ....................................................................... 24
2.
Basic Precautions in Electrical Experiments ..................................................................... 25
Mechanical Experiments ........................................................................................................... 26

Safety and notification of experiments, studies, exercises, etc. off campus ............................................. 27
Personal Accident Insurance for Students Pursuing Education and Research and Liability Insurance forStudents ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
Associated liability insurance program for student research/education casualty insurance ..................... 36
How to use chemicals safely ...................................................................................................................... 37
I
II
III

III
IV

General precautions .................................................................................................................. 37
Classification of hazardous substances .................................................................................... 38
Properties of the individual hazardous substances and characteristics by item name ............ 38
1.
Class 1 hazardous substance (oxidizing solids) Table 1 .................................................. 38
2.
Class 2 hazardous substance (flammable solids) Table 2................................................ 41
3.
Class 3 hazardous substances (pyrophoric substances and water-prohibitive substances)
Table 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 42
4.
Class 4 hazardous substance (flammable liquids) Table 4............................................... 445.
Class 5 hazardous substance (self-reactive substances) Table 5 .................................... 48
6.
Class 6 hazardous substance (oxidizing liquids) Table 6 ................................................. 51
Combination of Substances are Hazardous in Mixture ............................................................. 52
Indoor hazardous substances storage ...................................................................................... 52

Handling of poisons and deleterious substances ...................................................................................... 58
Handling of experimental wastes and waste liquids .................................................................................. 64
Safety in biological experiments................................................................................................................. 71
I
II
III
IV
V

Precautions for Preventing Accidents in Basic Operations ....................................................... 71
Precautions for Using Mutagens ............................................................................................... 73
Precautions in Microbiology Experiments ................................................................................. 73
Precautions for Animal Experiments ......................................................................................... 73
Precautions in Gene Recombination Experiments ................................................................... 73

How to handle electricity safely .................................................................................................................. 75
I

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 75

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II
III
IV
V
VI

What is an electric shock? ......................................................................................................... 75
Causes of electric shocks .......................................................................................................... 75
Measures against electric shocks ............................................................................................. 76
Precautions for high voltage experiments ................................................................................. 77
Measures and precautions for electric shocks .......................................................................... 78

Laser safety ................................................................................................................................................ 80
I
II
III
IV

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 80
Laser classification .................................................................................................................... 80
Influences on the human body .................................................................................................. 81
Safety prevention measures ...................................................................................................... 82

Safe work with hazardous gases ............................................................................................................... 84
I
II

III

IV

V

VI

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 84
Hazardous/Harmful Chemicals for Semiconductors ................................................................. 84
1.
General Knowledge of Semiconductor Gases .................................................................. 84
2.
Various Semiconductor Gases .......................................................................................... 87
Containers ................................................................................................................................. 93
1.
Containers ......................................................................................................................... 93
2.
Valves for Cylinders - Pressure Regulators ...................................................................... 93
Liquid Nitrogen........................................................................................................................... 93
1.
Overview............................................................................................................................ 93
2.
Usage of Liquid Nitrogen ................................................................................................... 93
Safety Measures for Equipment and Directions for Operation ................................................. 94
1.
Workrooms and Container Storage Sites ......................................................................... 94
2.
Residual Gas Removal by Purging ................................................................................... 95
3.
Waste Gas Treatment and Ventilation Equipment ............................................................ 95
4.
Gas Leak Detection/Alarming Equipment ......................................................................... 96
5.
Firefighting and Protective Equipment .............................................................................. 96
General Emergency Measures .................................................................................................. 96
1.
Fire Emergency Response Measures............................................................................... 97
2.
Leakage Emergency Measures ........................................................................................ 97

For the safe operation of machines ........................................................................................................... 99
I
II
III

Safety Precautions to Take Before Machine Operation ............................................................ 99
After Machine Startup .............................................................................................................. 100
On the Use of Hoist Cranes..................................................................................................... 100

Fire prevention and earthquake countermeasures .................................................................................. 101
I

Fire prevention countermeasures............................................................................................ 101
1.
Fire prevention ................................................................................................................ 101
2.
Actions to be taken in the event of a fire ......................................................................... 101
3.
Evacuation ....................................................................................................................... 103

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II

Earthquake countermeasures ................................................................................................. 104

Safety in laboratories................................................................................................................................ 105
I
II
III
IV

General precautions ................................................................................................................ 105
Countermeasures against earthquakes and fires ................................................................... 105
Safe handling of chemicals...................................................................................................... 105
Prevention of hazards due to gases ........................................................................................ 106
1.
Flammable gas ................................................................................................................ 106
2.
Handling of city and propane gases................................................................................ 106
3.
High-pressure gas ........................................................................................................... 106
4.
Low-temperature liquefied gases .................................................................................... 107
VCountermeasures against electric injuries and hazards ......................................................... 107
VI
Precautions for using large-sized equipment and machines .................................................. 107
VII Prevention of injuries caused by rotating machines................................................................ 108
VIII Prevention of injuries caused by light beams, radiation, and strong magnetic fields. ............ 108
Ⅸ

Staying Safe during Experiments at Night and on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays........... 108

X

Other precautions .................................................................................................................... 109

Safety for common use facilities .............................................................................................................. 112
I

II
III

IV

V

Common use systems ............................................................................................................. 112
1.
Electron microscopes ...................................................................................................... 112
2.
Single crystal X-ray automatic analyzer and thin-film material crystalline analysis X-ray
diffractometer ............................................................................................................................. 112
3.
Nuclear magnetic resonance systems ............................................................................ 113
4.
X-ray photoelectron spectrometer ................................................................................... 115
5.
X-ray microanalyzer ........................................................................................................ 116
6.
Liquid nitrogen storage facility......................................................................................... 117
Center for Design and Manufac .............................................................................................. 118
Radiation Laboratory ............................................................................................................... 120
1.
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 120
2.
About Radiation Laboratory ............................................................................................ 121
3.
Safety control of RIs and radiation workers in Radiation Laboratory ............................. 121
Handling of hazardous materials and Chemical Storehouses ................................................ 121
1.
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 121
2.
Handling of hazardous materials .................................................................................... 122
3.
Hazardous materials ....................................................................................................... 122
4.
How to use Chemical Storehouses ................................................................................. 122
Waste separation and disposal ............................................................................................... 123
1.
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 123
2.
Burnable garbage ............................................................................................................ 123
3.
Non-burnable garbage .................................................................................................... 123
4.
Bulky waste ..................................................................................................................... 123
5.
Handling of experimental wastes .................................................................................... 123(4)

Waste disposal ......................................................................................................................................... 124
Combinations of chemicals that may explode when mixed (A+B) ............................................ 125
Nonsmoking measures at the University ................................................................................................. 127
Appendix................................................................................................................................................... 128
Reference materials................................................................................................................... 128
1.
References for each chapter ........................................................................................... 128
2.
Regulations on Safety Management at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
128

(5)

Safety and disaster prevention within theuniversity

Under any circumstances, safety assurance is considered a basic requirement of the university. Unlike
those studying humanities at university, the students and faculty and staff members who spend most of the
day at Koganei Campus are constantly exposed to the risk of accidents through experiments and practicalclasses. Accidents may also occur outside experiments and practical classes, for example during practicalclasses in physical activity and extracurricular activities, however these accidents occur during the activities of
education and research as the original purpose of the university and considered to be accident characteristicsof the university. The specific details of accidents at the university are reported in the education and student
affairs committee hosted by the educational affairs office, however most accidents are thought to have been
prevented with sufficient learning and behaviors compliant with the basic precautions for accident prevention.
Specific examples of safety measures relating to practical classes in physical activity and extracurricular
activities include (1) Self-check and adjustment of physical conditions, (2) Undergoing periodical healthcheckup, (3) Engaging in preparatory exercises, (4) Confirmation of safety regarding facilities, equipment, andclothes, and (5) Application of fully examined trip schedules to the Student Support Section.
Although accidents may also occur in daily life, for example traffic accidents while commuting, this safety
manual has been prepared to prevent accidents that potentially occur in experiments and practical classes at
Koganei Campus due to the carelessness of individuals to the highest extent possible. For example, in
conducting experiments, items such as (1) appropriate clothing, (2) organization and prior inspection ofmachineries, and (3) compliance with the basic procedures are basic items that require compliance by
individuals. Students and faculty and staff members specializing in engineering must read this “Safety Manual”
from the start to the end and conduct examinations themselves on preventive and protection measures toallow response to a wide variety and high level of accidents as a part of the efforts to prevent accidents on
daily basis. Also, it is necessary to keep in mind at all times that appropriate decision making and action canbe taken in the unfortunate cases where accidents occur, for example first-aid measures and reporting torelevant departments. It is said that looking at things without losing attentiveness to safety provides
opportunities for learning on a daily basis. It is important to make sure to maintain a habit of paying attention
to safety.
In the present day where there is heightened social interest on safety in accordance with the advancementin scientific technology, it is natural that the entire university takes proactive measures for safety. However,accidents are often caused by the inattention of the individuals. Two basic principles of safety can be
described as “disasters occur sometime unless the cause is eliminated” and “safety-related events including
disasters, accidents, and malfunctions that are larger scale have a lower likelihood of occurring”. Thissuggests that near-misses occur in the surroundings at all times, and it is important to not overlook these andmake sure that the cause is analyzed constantly to prevent further accidents. We ask that utmost care is taken
at all times for details provided in this manual, including basic precautions regarding practice and clothes, andfor individuals to make efforts in preventing accidents. Since the causes of accidents become more diverse as
current research become more advanced and complex, we recommend that the readers read the entire
manual.
While this manual was prepared with investigation centered around committee members of various areasof specialization, there may be a number of insufficiencies. If you have any opinions or criticisms, no matter
how small or how harsh, please direct your message to the Environment, Health, and Safety Committee. We
hope to make this “Safety Manual” more complete with every revision due to your cooperation.

—1—

Emergency measures

I

Contact methods
If an accident occurs, call loudly to notify the occurrence of the accident and gather everyone to the area.
Notify nearby faculty and staff members. Do not attempt to handle the situation alone. This often leads toirremediable consequences.
1.

In case of accidents involving injury or death
Remove the victim from the accident site to a safe location and conduct measures for the accident site toprevent a secondary accident. However, care is required in the case of neck injury as careless transfer without
immobilizing the injured area poses a risk of severe quadriplegia. Notify the fire station or the health service
center according to the method shown in the table below as suitable for the injury condition. Perform first-aid
measures shown in II until treated by a specialist.
Method of notification if there is an injury
Contact details
Phone(1) Fire station(2) Health Service Center

Details

0-119 (via the university extension There is an injured person at XX in
telephone)
YY class at Tokyo University ofExtension 119
Agriculture and Technology
Koganei Campus. Call theambulance. My name is XX.
Fuchu
There is an injured person at XX in
042-367-5548 (Extension 5548)
YY class at Koganei Campus. We
Koganeiwould like to call for first-aid.
042-388-7171 (Extension 7171)(3) Guard office (front entrance of 042-388-7007 (Extension 7007)
Koganei Campus)
Mobile: 070-6474-7007(4) Staff room(5) Administrative office

For students (Student Affairs
Section)042-388-7011 (Extension 7011)
For faculty and staff members(General Affairs Section)
042-388-7003 (Extension 7003)

There is an injured person at XX in
YY class at Koganei Campus. We
would like to ask for an ambulance.

Situation report

2. In case of fire or explosion
If there are any injured persons, remove from the site to a safe location and perform first aid. Press the
button of the fire alarm attached to the fire hydrant located in corridors, etc. Notify the fire station, etc. asshown in the following table. If the name of the substance causing the fire is identified and the quantity issmall, and it is confirmed to not pose any imminent hazard to the surrounding area, the fire may be
extinguished using an appropriate fire extinguisher (table below). However, no life-endangering actions should
be taken. Evacuation of all people in the building to outside the building should be prioritized as saving lives ismore important than extinguishing the fire. Since modern buildings made of reinforced concrete do not burneasily, the risk of fire spreading is low, however delay in evacuation may lead to deaths caused by smokes
generated during fire.

—2—

Method of notification in case of fireContact details
Phone

1)

Details

Call 119.
・ There is a fire.
0-119 (via the university extension 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi;
Tokyo University of Agriculture andtelephone)Technology Koganei Campus
Extension 119
・ Room XX on the Xth floor of
Building No. XXX is burning.

Fire station2)

Health Service Center

Fuchu
042-367-5548 (Extension 5548)
Koganei042-388-7171 (Extension 7171)

Fire occurred in XX in YY class at
Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology Koganei Campus, andthere are persons injured.
We would like to call for first-aid.

3)

042-388-7007 (Extension 7007)
Guard office (front entrance Mobile: 070-6474-7007
of Koganei Campus)

Fire occurred in XX in YY class at
Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology Koganei Campus
We would like to call fire engines.

4)

Administrative(Accounting Office)office

Koganei Accounting Office042-388-7004 (Extension 7004)

Situation report

Type of fire extinguisher and capacity
Type

Type (mechanism of action)

Sample capacity (estimate) Operable substance

Rotary valve
Volume: 2.9 kg
Sprays incombustible Liquefied carbon dioxide gas,
Distance: 2 to 3 m
gases
trigger type
Time: 25 sec
Acid gas, hand-held type

Flammable liquid

Sprays powder

Dry chemical extinguisher
A/B/C extinguisher
Volume: 7.5 kg
Metal fire extinguisher
Distance: 6 to 8 m
Pressure accumulation type
Time: 20 sec
Compressed gas cylinder type

Flammable liquid
Flammable gas
Metal
(for
combustion)

Sprays halides

Carbon tetrachloride
Bromochloromethane
Volume: 31 kg
Dibromofluoroethane
Distance: 6 to 9 m
Pressure accumulation type,
Time: 60 sec
rotary valve
Hand-held type

Flammable liquid
Electric fire

—3—

metal

II

First-aid measures
After calling the ambulance, you will be required to wait for its arrival. First-aid measures should be
performed during this period.
1. Common procedurea) The victim must be quickly rescued first and kept at rest in a safe location.
b) Perform a quick check of the victim’s symptoms.
・ Call out to the victim to check if they are consciousness. If the victim does not respond, the victim isconsidered to be “unconscious”. Call loudly to gather people and issue specific instructions, such as “call119” and “bring AED”.
・ If the victim is conscious, explain that the symptoms are mild and ambulance and medical attention will beavailable shortly to provide the victim with relief from the state of shock.
・ Check the pulse with fingers or check the heartbeat by feeling the area of the victim’s heart with a hand. If
there is no pulse, perform chest compressions. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation.
c) Check if the victim is bleeding. Also check for any lacerations, contusions, or fractures. If bleeding ispresent, perform hemostasis. If a bone is fractured, apply a splint.
d) Help the victim to breathe easily. Maintain normal body temperature. If the body temperature isdecreasing or if the air temperature is low, keep warm by wrapping the victim in a blanket or similarmaterial.
e) If foreign matter or chemical is adhered to the body, remove by rinsing with water.
2. First-aid measures for bleeding
Rupture of superficial artery causes fresh red, pulsating bleeding in a spray, while bleeding from a deep
artery causes continuous bleeding in lines. For adults, human body contains an average of 5,700 mL of blood,
however the impact of bleeding is considered small if the amount of blood loss is up to 10%. However,bleeding of 10% or more of this amount causes shock, and 50% or more leads to death. Therefore,
hemostasis by compression of major blood vessels should be prioritized over treatment of a wound in thecase of major bleeding.
a） Hemostasis must be performed by compressing the artery with the ball of the fingers at each pressure
point on the heart side of the site of bleeding. Most bleeding can be stopped in this manner. Since this method
cannot be used for arms and legs, flow of the blood is reduced by strong binding near the pressure points of
the arms and legs using a triangular bandage and dressing.
b） If the tension is too weak, this only causes venous congestions and rather results in increased bleeding.
c） Blood flow should not be reduced using thin strings or other similar materials as this may lead tolaceration of muscles, nerves, and tissues. In addition, reduction of blood flow should not be continued for 2
hours or longer as prolonged application causes tissue necrosis.
d） If the skin is wet with blood, a wide cloth should be used for compression as the balls of fingers andrubber tubes will cause slipping. A skinny rod like a vice can be used effectively to tighten. However, tightening
should be stopped after hemostasis is achieved.
3. First-aid measures for traumaa） In the case of trauma accompanying major bleeding, the hemostasis described above should be
performed prior to first-aid measures.
b） Observe the wound. For scars beneath the clothes, rip or cut the clothes open to observe the wound.
c） Remove any glass or metal fragments from the wound if they are observed and can be removed easily. If
these are found deep in the wound or in a complex manner, leave the treatment to the doctor.
d） If the wound is contaminated with soil, sand, or oil, only rinse with copious amount of water.

—4—e） Apply a disinfected gauze and wrap a dressing around the wound to stop mild bleeding.
4. First-aid measure for bone fracturea） Check the location of the fracture. Apply a splint to prevent movement in this area and provide pain relief.
Leave further treatments to the doctor.
b） A splint must be longer than the area of the fracture. A branch, rod, umbrella, or similar materials with awidth of about 19 cm should be applied along the area of the fracture as a first-aid measure, and tied withtowel, dressing, or similar materials to prevent movement. Adjacent joints on the upper and lower sides should
also be fixed in this procedure.
c） Treatment for shock induced by the severe pain of bone fracture should also be applied. For this reason,a splint should be applied over a towel, cloth, or felt for effective application.
5. First-aid measures for burns
Burns become more severe with higher temperature and longer duration of heat application. Burns areclassified from first to third degree depending on the severity.
i. First degree burn: Mild damage is observed on the epidermis only, with dilation of capillaries, redswelling, heat generation, hot sensation, and mild pain.
ii. Second degree burn: Damage extends to dermis underneath the epidermis, with heat generation andredness in the area surrounding the burn, as well as blisters and severe pain.
iii. Third degree burn: Damage extends to epidermis, dermis, and the subcutaneous tissues underneaththese layers, resulting in necrosis.
It was previously said that burns affecting 1/3 or more of the body surface is fatal, however in the present time,patients have been able to recover from burns affecting around 80% of the body with appropriate treatment.
a） Cool the burned area as soon as possible using tap water, cold water, or iced water.
b） Cooling is more effective the earlier it is initiated, and should be continued for at least 30 minutes, or for 2
to 3 hours if possible until the victim no longer feels pain.
c） For first degree pain with a small burn area, the affected surface should be disinfected after cooling thencovered with a clean gauze or compress. However, treatment of second- or higher-degree burns should beleft to the doctor while continuing cooling.
6. First-aid measures for electrocution
Electrocution may induce atrial fibrillation in the heart and cause cardiac arrest, while high voltage current
may cause respiratory arrest.
a） Firstly, switch the power off to prevent a secondary disaster. Remove the victim from the power source.
b） If spontaneous breathing or pulse is not present, immediately start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation andchest compression. Since electrocution may cause rigidity of the body, this may be mistaken for rigor
mortis and first-aid measures are often abandoned. If an AED (automated external defibrillator) is used,perform treatment by following the audio guidance provided. Continue mouth-to-mouth resuscitation while
waiting for the arrival of the emergency services (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be continued for 4
to 5 hours, or longer in some cases).
7. Checking for breathing and chest compressiona) If the victim is unconscious, check if the victim is “breathing normally”.
Sit beside the victim and observe the upward movement of the chest and abdomen within 10 seconds todecide if the victim is breathing normally. Following cases are not considered “breathing as per usual”:i) If there is no movement in the chest or abdomenii) If the state of breathing is unclear after observing for about 10 secondsiii) If intermittent, hiccup-like breathing is observed (victim immediately after
cardiac arrest may show unusual movement in the chest or abdomen whenbreathing, or hiccup-like intermittent breathing)—5—b) If the victim is not considered to be breathing normally, immediately start chest compression to deliver
blood to the whole body.

Chest compression

Position of chest compression

Method of chest compression
Perform “strong, fast, continuous” compression on the center of the chest with two hands placed on top of
one another.
i) The site of compression for chest compression is the center of the chest. (Figure 1 below)ii) Place the base of one hand on top of the compression site (Figure 2 below) and place the other hand on
top of the first hand. Interlocking of fingers helps to concentrate the force further (Figure 3 below).
Figure 1

Figure 2

Sternum

Xiphoid
process
CostalmarginCompression
site

—6—

Figure 3Straighten the elbow and place the weight on the base of the hand,and compress forcefully until the chest of the victim sinks by atleast 5 cm.
iv) Compress 30 times continuously at a fast tempo, at least 100
times per minute.
Release the weight fully between compressions (when notcompressing) until the chest returns to the original level.
iii)

After compressing the chest for 30 times, blow breaths into thevictim for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
*Civil rescuers who are not well-versed in CPR do not have to perform
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Even with trained rescuers, interruption of chest compression formouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be kept to a minimum.
However, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be prioritized forchildren and infants, as these cases often involve suffocation, as
well as in drowning victims.
i) Securing airway (head tilt-chin lift maneuver)Expand the back of the victim’s throat to help access of air to thelungs.
Place one hand on the forehead, with the index and middle fingers
on the other hand on the tip of the chin (hard area with bone) to tilt
the head backwards (head tilt) and lift the chin.
ii) Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
While securing the airway, hold the victim’s nose with the thumb andindex finger of the hand placed on the forehead.
Open the mouth widely and cover the mouth of the victim and blow
the breath over about 1 second so that the air does not leak out.
Check that the victim’s chest is raised. Release the mouth, andblow breath into the victim again in the same manner.
c)・
Observation of chest raising with each of two breaths is ideal,
however blowing should be performed up to twice even if the chest
is not raised and proceed immediately to chest compression.
・
Chest compression is interrupted while mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation is performed, and the period of interruption should be
kept as short as possible.

Head tilt-chin lift maneuver

Hold the nose and cover themouth・
If the victim is bleeding from the face or mouth, or if there ishesitation in performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation with directcontact of the mouths, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation may be
avoided and proceed with chest compression only.
Check that the chest is raised—7—d) Continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation (chest compression and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation)
Perform chest compression 30 times consecutively then perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation twice.
Continue this combination of chest compression and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (30:2 cycle) without
stopping until handover to the emergency service.
・ Since continuous chest compression is tiring, if there are two or more rescuers, they should take turns
performing chest compression with an interval of about 1 to 2 minutes.
・ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be terminated in the following cases:
i.After handover of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to the emergency services (do not rush to stop theprocedure after the arrival of emergency services; follow the instructions of the emergency service)ii.If the victim opens their eyes or starts breathing normally during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Recovery positione) Recovery positioni) If the victim is not responsive but breathing normally (as per
usual), continue to secure airways and wait for the arrival of theemergency service. If there is a risk of suffocation due to vomited
matter, or if the rescuer must leave the side of the victim for an
unavoidable reason, place the victim in the recovery position.
ii) Pull the lower jaw to the front and place the victim’s face on theback of the upper hand. Following this, bend the knee of the upper
leg by about 90 degrees to prevent the victim from falling
backwards.

<References>
Procedures for basic life support (BLS): Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications http://www.jlsa.jp/pdf/oukyu2.pdf

8.

First-aid measures for acute poisoning caused by chemicals
1) General matter
Acute poisoning caused by chemicals differs in toxicity and irritation depending on the type of chemicals
involved. Possible causes include entry to the body, contact with skin or mucosa, or inhalation of volatile
chemicals. The basic procedure involves the elimination of the chemical from the body.
2) Skin contamination
Firstly, rinse the substance adhered to the skin with copious amounts of water If the clothes are also
contaminated, immediately remove the clothes and rinse the skin with water. Showers are equipped for thispurpose in the corridors and bathrooms of chemistry classrooms and use of such showers is recommended.
3) Eye contamination
It is important to quickly rinse off chemicals that came in contact with the eye using copious amount ofwater. Open the eyelids and rinse carefully with a gentle flow of water from a face washing fountain, hose, ortap. Strong water pressure is not beneficial for the eyes. It is recommended that the victim repeatedly
immerse the face into a basin with overflowing clean water, and open and close the eyes repeatedly.

—8—Inhalation
Remove the victim to fresh air as soon as possible. Strictly keep the victim at rest and commence oxygen
inhalation as soon as possible. If oxygen is not readily available and the victim has difficulty breathing,perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Care must be taken so the rescuer must not also become affected byinhalation of harmful substances adhered to (or inhaled by) the victim. If chemicals are inhaled, seek urgent
medical attention.
5) Swallowing
If chemicals are swallowed accidentally, vomiting should be induced in some cases and not induced inother cases. If vomiting should be induced, water, milk, or egg white should be given to induce vomiting. If theidentity of the swallowed material is not known, attend a medical institution urgently. Vomiting should not be
induced if strong alkaline/acidic stock solutions and powders, concentrated materials, or corrosive substances
have been swallowed. Rinse the mouth carefully and give milk, egg white, or egg white in water (white of one
egg dissolved in about 1 glass of water) should be given and attend a medical institution immediately. This
procedure is a race against time. Damage of the stomach or esophagus may lead to death in a few minutes.
Repeat the procedure if vomiting continues. Do not induce vomiting if consciousness is unclear or if
convulsions are present as there is a risk of suffocation.
4)

9. Use of AED
1) What is an AED?
An AED (automated external defibrillator) is a medical device used for a heart that has lost its bloodpumping function due to convulsion (atrial fibrillation) to provide electric shock and return the cardiac rhythm
to a normal state. Cardiac arrest is primarily caused by atrial fibrillation, and “atrial fibrillation” is the mostcommon type of arrhythmia that results in sudden cardiac death. The actions that should be taken in the few
minutes while waiting for the ambulance to arrive decide the life and death of the victim, and electricaldefibration at an early stage is essential for life saving. Anyone can perform resuscitation with an AED as
audio guidance is provided on how to use the device after the power is turned on. * However, AED cannot be
used for infants less than 1 year of age.
2) Location of AED
1. In the guard office of the front entrance
2. Right side of the 1F entrance of the indoor sports complex (outdoor)
3. Right side of the 1F central entrance of BASE main building
4. Front of the 1F entrance of advanced scientific experiment building
5. Right side of the 1F entrance of Nature and Science Museum
6. Left side of the 1F entrance of the lecture building (outdoor)
3) How to use AED
1. Check the consciousness and breathing of the victim. If these are absent, call the ambulance and ask tobring the AED.
2. Perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest compression until the arrival of AED.
3. Open the cover of AED. (The power is turned on automatically when the cover is opened)
4. Expose the chest of the victim and apply the electrode pads of the AED to the chest.
5. Wait for the result of automatic analysis through the electrode pad. If electric shock is required, press thered flashing button according to the audio guidance.
*Make sure that no one is in contact with the victim.
6. Continue the first-aid activity from 2 to 5 as necessary until the ambulance arrives.

—9—*See below for details
・ Japan Resuscitation Council AED (Japan Emergency Medical Foundation)
・ “Do you know about AED?” (Japan Heart Foundation)
・ “We can save lives with our actions.” (Nihon Koden Coporation)<Reference>
AED map for the Center for Environment and Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
http://web.tuat.ac.jp/~kankyou/AED.shtml
To
Hachioji

To Shinjuku andTokyo

JR Chuo Line

KaikisenNursery
SchoolArchery
rangeMusic studioWarehouse

Futsal court

Pumping
chamber

Athletic
groundTennis court

Shared facility foroutside activities

Bulk garbage
collection
point

Toilet attached
to athleticgroundShared material
storage

Liberal arts circle
facilities

Parking area
(12 cars)Sharedwarehouse

AED installed locations (6 areas)

Martialarts gym
Training room

Kyudo
range
Facilities fortrainings

Showerroom

Building
14

Dressingroom

Parking area(1
cars)

Shared center for
old/new-generation
mobile display
materials

Powertransforming facilities

Pumping
chamber

Hazardous chemicals
storage

Parkingarea forbikes

Generalassembly
hall

BASE mainbuilding

Parking area for
bikes

Mechanical system experimentbuilding

Building
3

Pond

Parkingarea (12cars)

Building
11

Building 13

Building
2
Parkingarea (4cars)

Building
5

New
Building 1

Lecturebuilding

Hazardous
materials
storehouse

Advanced science
Shared laborator
clerical y building
Parking area (29
cars)

Po
nd

Building 9

Building
12(Electronic
computer building)

Building 1

Po
nd
Building4

140th Anniversary
Hall

PergolaParkingarea forbikes
Parkingarea (6cars)

Center for Designand Manufacturing

Parkingarea (31
cars)

Power
transforming facilities

workbuilding

Parkingarea (22cars)

Administr
ation
building

Koganei International
House
Electrica
l roomPo
nd

Parking area
(15 cars)

Parking area (17cars)

Parkingarea forbikes

East gate
Parkingarea (5cars)

Environment
management
facilities

Residence Tokyo University ofAgriculture and Technology

Parkingarea (11cars)

Building8

Parkingarea (14cars)

Koganeidormitory #2

Student
dormitoryFirecistern

Next-generation
capacitor research
centerPumping
chamber

Building B

Parkingarea forbikes

Parkingarea (6
cars)

Libra
ry

Building 6

Building A
Facility for outside activities

RI
research
facilities

Koganei Library
Gymnas
ium

West
gate

Power
transformin Parking area (7g facilities cars)

Parking area
(11 cars)

RI liquid
waste
holding tankshedStudent
dormitory

Parkingarea forbikes

Parkingarea forbikes
Parkingarea forbikes

Parkingarea forbikes

Building
7

Parkingarea roof
CAD/CAMlaboratorybuilding

Parkingarea (50cars)

Hazardous
materials
storage
Building 10
Parkingarea forbikes

Parkingarea (9cars)

Nature and Science Museum

Parkingarea (6cars)

Bioresource laboratorybuilding

Tokyo University of Agriculture

Motorcycle
parking area (100motorcycles)(VBL building)Power receiving
facilities

Guard
stationMain gate

Parkingarea (20cars)

Facilities attachedto Nature andScience Museum(Sharedresearch
facilities)

Parking area and Technology andTamakoganei Venture Port
(6 cars)

University Research
Administration Center(Incubation facilities)
Fire
cistern

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei layout diagram
III Post-treatment
Occurrence of fire, explosion, injury, etc. must be notified to the supervisor. The supervisors and staff
members in charge must report this in a timely manner to the responsible persons, including the head of
department, and the dean according to the “Rules on Emergency Contact and Reporting of Accidents,
Disasters, etc.” In addition, the initial report on accidents and disasters must be prepared as specified
separately and submitted to the Center for Environment and Safety. Following the conclusion of the first-aid
measures, the responsible persons must promptly prepare “Accident/Incident/Disaster Report (next page)”and submit this to the department in charge as shown follows.
The supervisor must investigate the cause of the accident as soon as possible after its occurrence, thendetermine the recurrence prevention measures and enforce the details with the students involved or affiliatedfaculty and staff members.
<Submission of accident report>
For report on students: Koganei Student Support
OfficeStudent Support Section: 042388-7011

For report on faculty and staff members: Koganei
Accounting Office
Accounting Section: 042-3887004—10—

Accident/incident/disaster Report
Department in charge
Route of Department
reporting of occurrence within the division(Name of department)

Head of General
Affairs Section(Faculty and staff members alsoaffiliated with Center for Environment
andwithin
Safetythe) division
Relevant organizations
and other related departments (Note 3)Classification

Accident/incident/disaster

Date and time of(MMM DD, YYYY) hh:mm am/pm
occurrence
Location(Form 1)
Prepared (MMM DD, YYYY)
Department/division of
occurrence
Title
Vice director of Center for Environment and Safety Name
Vice President in charge of(President)
environment and safety
Environment, Health, and Safety Committee(chairperson)and other related departments
Traffic accident/experimental accidents/accidents in extracurricular
Type of accidents, etc.
activities/fire/property damage/suspicious person/crime/others ( )Details and circumstances of the accident (work details,
Notification and action taken withcollaborators, etc.)
hospitals/police

NameStudent ID
Date of birth MMM DD, YYYY ( years old) male/female
Affiliation
University year Undergraduate/Master/Doctorate/Other ( )Title
Current address
Contact details
Phone
E-mailState of building/property damage
Cause of event(mobile/extension)

VictimDuring an experiment or practical class/during other regular
Circumstancesclasses/during extracurricular activities/during a commuteof event
During work/outside work hours/during break/during commute
Abrasion/cut/bruising/bites and stings/sprains
Contusion/fracture/burn/chemical burn/poisoning
State of injury, Other ( )etc.
Affected body parts:
Outpatient/inpatient, days, full recovery expected indays/weeks
Coverage by accident insurance for students (yes/no)
Eligibility for accident insurance for students (yes/no)
Insurance
Application for industrial accident (yes/no)coverage, etc.
Necessity for temporary absence from school (yes/no)
Necessity for temporary absence from work (yes/no)
Hospital or health service center attended for initial consultation

Name of hospital ________ (designated/not designated for industrial accidents)
Address ________
Phone number ________

Note 1.
2.
3.

Persons who confirmed theoccurrence of the event
Affiliation
Title
Name
Recurrence prevention measures and actions taken

Remarks*Write any considerations, issues,complaints, or impacts*If recurrence prevention measures are being examined (write the directionof details being examined and the scheduled date of completion)

Circumstances of the event and recurrence prevention measures must be reported immediately to the head of division according to Paragraphs 1 and 2, Article 4of the requirements.
For accidents involving properties and experimental equipment (for example, injury), photographs showing the properties, etc. must be attached according toParagraph 3, Article 4 of the requirements.
If the accident involves a student, report must also be submitted to the General Student Support Section. Similarly, if faculty and staff members are involved, areport must also be submitted to the Personnel and Labor Section, and if premises and facilities are involved, a report must also be submitted to the Accounting
and Purchase Section and the Facility Maintenance Section.

—11—

Safety in experiments and practices
I

Safety in Student Experiments

1. General Tips
This section presents the general tips for taking these experimental subjects. Note that only the minimum
requirements are presented here. Be sure to read the precautions in the relevant sections other than this one.

(1) Attitude toward Experiments
Experiments at the Koganei Campus often use electrical equipment, power tools, chemicals, and the likethat may cause a fire or injury if handled incorrectly. These experiments involve risks that may lead to
accidents if close attention is not paid. However, these experiments are indispensable to educating you, whowill play active parts in various industrial fields as specialists, engineers, or researchers. Besides, experiments
are never dangerous if conducted after carefully reading the experimental guidelines and understanding themeanings of individual experimental operations. There is nothing particularly difficult about the precautions forthe safe conduct of experiments. It all boils down to faithfully adhering to the following quite common-sense
protocols:
1) Attend to keeping clean and orderly the areas around benches or experiment apparatus.
Experiments usually take place on a bench. Hence, the bench and its surroundings must always be kept
clean and orderly before, during, or after an experiment. Examples abound of accidents: labware got broken
because of unnecessary labware for the experiment being left sitting; or a chemical brought in for use in anexperiment failed to be put away and caught fire during the experiment, causing an unexpected accident.
Accidents of this sort occur as a result of insufficient housekeeping. Sticking to the basic rule of bringing innothing other than the items necessary for the experiment is important.
2) Meticulously prepare equipment and materials, reagents, and outfits.
It is essential to fully understand the content of the experiment to be conducted and to obtain priorknowledge of the usage and hazards of the labware, apparatuses, chemicals, and other necessary items forthe experiment. Not only does this point matter to safety, but it also matters to the experiment's success.
Apparatuses and the like must be checked for normal operation before starting the experiment. Labware must
be inspected for safety and suitability for the purpose of the experiment. For reagents, care must be exercisedfor deterioration or incorrect labeling without blindly accepting what the label on the bottle says.
3) Laboratory wear
Appropriate laboratory wear differs between individual experiments. You are advised to purchase the mostappropriate clothes and footwear as instructed by individual instructors. This apparel cost is a small price to
pay to prevent accidents.
i. For chemical experiments, you are advised to wear white coats. A white coat prevents chemicals fromsoiling clothes. Not in close contact with the skin and quickly removable even when heavily exposed to acids,
alkalis, or the like, it allows easy escape from damage. However, during experiments involving motors andother power tools, there is a risk of the trouser legs getting caught in the machine. For this reason, wearing
work clothing that is not loose is especially preferable.
In a laboratory, specified footwear should be worn. If none have been specified, shoes that allow easy
movements and serve as foot protectors should be worn. In the case of a chemical experiment, wear
protective goggles to protect the eyes from an explosion or deleterious droplets. When handling deleterious or
hot substances, you should preferably wear protective gloves as necessary to protect yourself and ensure
safety.
ii. Mechanical system experiments quite often involve using machine tools. On these occasions, wear work
clothes that can withstand soiling from contaminants, such as oil or chips, and with no parts lifted free from thebody, are unlikely to get the trouser legs or sleeves caught in the machine. Never wear sandals. Leather
shoes are desirable to wear. Besides, gloves must not be worn during operations other than special
operations (such as welding operations). Moreover, always wear a helmet or working cap for operations thatinvolve the risk of falling heavy objects or head banging.

—12—4) Do not attempt to conduct impossible experiments.
Overexerting oneself must be avoided in experiments. No impossible experiments are assigned as student
experiments. However, adding a reagent prematurely in an experiment against the instructions in the hope ofcompleting the experiment sooner may lead to an accident. A failure or an accident often results fromexperimenting with distracted attention after staying up all night or drinking too much alcohol the day before.
The same applies when feverish from sickness. Any experiment demands both physical and mental healththat allows concentration on it.
5) Do not experiment alone.
No such case occurs in student experiments. However, when it comes to a graduation or post-graduate
research project, it may happen that experiments must be conducted on a one-theme-per-student basis. In
such cases, a careful plan should be devised to ensure that two or more people are in the same laboratory.
This principle should be strictly followed, especially when remaining until nighttime or conducting anexperiment overnight.
6) Plan measures to be implemented in the event of accidents.
It is important to conduct experiments with care not to cause accidents. Still, it is critically essential to knowwhat to do in the event of an accident to minimize damage. If an accident occurs, it is too late to go and ask
the advisor what to do, which will only worsen the damage.
Especially for potentially hazardous substances and equipment as mentioned above regarding meticulous
preparations, it is important that you know what hazards may occur in what situations and what first-aid
treatment measures to implement in the event of accidents to protect yourself and ensure safety.
(2) Guidelines for Safety in Experiments
This section presents points to bear in mind during actual experiments. Experiments vary in type, and eachconsists of a combination of various operations. As such, they also vary in safety precautions and measures,
depending on the situation. However, as a general rule, attention should be paid to the following points: These
points overlap somewhat with the previous section because what should be prepared before an experimentand what to be careful about during the experiment are common.
1) Know the meaning and nature of the experiment.
Guidelines for student experiments usually lead you to complete your experiment successfully without
thinking about the meanings of individual operations if faithfully adhered to. However, each operation of anexperiment always has a meaning. For safety’s sake, you must know its meaning before doing it.
Several examples from chemical experiments are given here. Assume that a written instruction for areaction experiment tells you to “slowly add” a reagent. If the reagent is added too quickly, the resulting
reaction may become too violent to control, leading to an accident. Assume another written instruction: "Addthe reagent while keeping the reaction system at the temperature of 30°C to 40°C.” If you perform thisoperation at a temperature exceeding 40°C, the reaction will become excessively violent, posing a danger.
However, suppose you cool the reaction system to 0°C based on a hasty deduction that it would be safe at a
low temperature. In that case, the reaction will be too slow, leaving the added reagent to remain unreacted,
which may lead to a dangerous situation where the reaction abruptly resumes and rapidly proceeds when you
return the reaction system to the ordinary temperature, assuming the completion of the reaction. Again, in acase like this, you can also avoid making a mistake by considering the meaning of the operation before
performing it. When a toxic or malodorous gas occurs during an experiment, it is also necessary to be careful
enough to experiment in a draft chamber.
Assume that before using a machine tool, an instruction is given to pick up no chips with a bare hand anduse a steel brush, chip removal stick, or the like. The reason is that chips and the like become hot from theprocessing and too dangerous to touch with a bare hand.
2) Carefully assemble labware and apparatuses for use in experiments.
When assembling an apparatus for use in an experiment, (1) carefully check each piece of labware for any
defect that may cause trouble in the experiment. (E.g., whether meters operate normally, whether glassware iscrack-free, whether ground joints are perfect, whether power cords are discontinuity-free, whether machine
tools’ cutters are free of chipping or deformities, or whether gas hoses are crack-free.)—13—(2) Carefully check the labware to be used for appropriateness. (E.g., the measurable ranges and accuraciesof meters, the types and capacities of glass vessels used for reactions and the like, strength under applied
force, stirring capacity, the strength of chucks for holding specimens for material tensile strength tests, orwhether gas appliances are for city gas or propane gas) (3) Improve the safety of the apparatus as a whole.
(4) For experiments that use power supplies, perform the connection between electrical equipment so as tonever cause short-circuit accidents and electric shock accidents. For this purpose, comply with the following:(a) To connect two electric wires, solder exposed live parts and cover them completely with insulating tape.
Besides, when connecting an electric wire to the connection terminal of a meter, secure the wire firmly with afastener. (b) When done with the wiring, ensure no short circuit has been formed. Then, finally, connect thepower supply. Turn off the power before modifying the wiring during the experiment or before removing it after
finishing the experiment.
3) During an experiment, remain calm and act with seriousness.
Needless to say, seriousness, calmness, and utmost care are required during an experiment. Playfulness,
corner-cutting, or panicking during an experiment may lead to failure or an accident. You should continuously
stay close to the experiment apparatus, especially during the experiment, to observe the progress closely.
With this in mind, you would have a good chance of noticing subtle experimental anomalies to prevent or
escape accidents.
4) Pay attention to not only your own but others’ experiments.
A laboratory is where members jointly pursue their academic interests and conduct research work. The
selfish and irresponsible act of one member may not only cause inconveniences to other experimenters but
lead to an accident. Cases abound of inadvertently, if not selfishly or irresponsibly, forgetting to pay attention
to others’ experiments, thereby inviting accidents. You should not unwittingly light a gas burner near someone
handling a flammable solvent or use equipment that will likely become a vibration source near someone
performing a precision measurement.
5) You should take upon yourself the responsibility of tidying up after your experiment.
It is a matter of course that you tidy up when you have finished an experiment. Tidying up means returning
the apparatuses, labware, reagents, and other items used to their original state before use. Tidying up isimportant not only from the standpoint of cleanliness and orderliness but also with a view to convenience on
the next occasion of use. Let us limit ourselves here to warning from the standpoint of safety. Remember toturn off gas, water, and electricity after use. Dispose of unwanted things with safety in mind.

(3) Measures for Dealing With Accidents
Needless to say, if an accident unfortunately occurs, you should first ensure the safety of human life, minimize
human injury and damage, and then implement measures to prevent the spread of damage. At the same time,
you should contact a faculty member as soon as possible to seek instructions.
What follows lists the first-aid treatment measures to administer first for likely accidents:
Physics and electrical and electronics engineering
1) The most dangerous accident likely to occur is electric shock. Anyone experimenting with an apparatus
with high voltages or large currents should remember to make safety checks to avoid electric shocks.
2) Emergency measures to implement in case of electric shock accidents are presented in another section.
Carefully read that section to be prepared to take first-aid actions anytime.
Chemistry and biology
1） In case of skin contact with deleterious or toxic substances, such as acids and alkalis, wash thecontaminated part with plenty of water. In case of clothes contamination, immediately remove thecontaminated clothing. If, when removed, the clothing may rub the skin festered from exposure to thedeleterious substance, cut off the clothing with scissors promptly. If the whole body is contaminated, wash the
body with plenty of water. (Use shower facilities, if any, in the laboratory.)
2） Eye contact – Open the eyelids and flush with tap water for approximately 10 minutes. Seek medical
diagnosis as soon as possible. The eyes are particularly vulnerable to alkalis. Exercise care accordingly.

—14—3） Toxic/irritant gas inhalation – Immediately remove to fresh air. If the victim cannot walk independently,
use a stretcher or the like to save excessive stress.
4） Deleterious or toxic substance ingestion – Repeat gargling if the substance is stopped in the mouth. Incase of ingestion, vomiting is recommended but should not be forced. Alternatively, egg white or cow’s milk
may be given to protect the mucus membrane. Still, the most preferred option is to seek a medical diagnosis
as soon as possible.
5） Fire caught due to ignition or the like – Use a loud voice to warn the people around the area. At the sametime, contact the advisor. Even if an organic solvent catches fire, it will only lead to a not-so-serious accident
unless the vessel gets broken. Remove combustibles around the site, turn off gas and other heat sources,
wait until the fire weakens, and then cover the mouth of the vessel with damp dust cloths or the like. Then, thefire is gone. In short, do not panic. If the body catches fire, roll on the floor to kill the fire. Alternatively, getsomeone else to cover the fire with lab wear to weaken its force. Then, extinguish with plenty of water (use ashower if available). Fire extinguishers should be kept ready for use at any time but should not be
unnecessarily used if the above methods work and the fire poses no risk of spreading to other places.
6） Injury − In a laboratory, you may sustain injuries, such as an injury from broken glass or during a
manufacturing task. In such cases, it is essential to rinse the wound well with water, then stop the bleeding,and seek medical treatment as soon as possible.
7） Bone breakage − Check the fracture site and keep it still with a splint to reduce the pain. A splint must be
longer than the area of the fracture. A branch, rod, umbrella, or similar materials with a width of about 19 cm
should be applied along the area of the fracture as a first-aid measure, and tied with towel, dressing, or similarmaterials to prevent movement. When doing so, you should secure the joints immediately above and below,
together with the affected part. Leave the rest of the measure to the surgeon.
8） Burn injury − Cool the affected part with running water or ice water as soon as possible until the pain isgone. It is too soon to stop cooling the affected part if the pain is still felt when the cooling is stopped. A burninjury must be cooled for 30 minutes or more at the minimum, usually two to three hours. For burn injuries up
to First Degree (redness) and Second Degree (blisters), perform this measure sufficiently, followed bytreatment by a dermatologist. In case of exposure to hot water or heated oil through gloves, socks, or clothes,
do not remove them but pour water over them to cool the affected part. The affected skin is prone to peeling
during undressing after cooling. Care must be exercised accordingly. When cooling with ice water, exercise
care to avoid frostbite. Never rub the affected part. Do not rupture blisters. Do not apply oil, ointment, or
powder. This measure will allow considerable recovery if the burn injury is a first- or second-degree burninjury. In the case of third-degree burn injuries that turn the skin white and are not very painful, cooling is not
as effective as for first- or second-degree burn injuries. Transporting the victim to the hospital as soon as
possible is better. A burn injury with a considerably large area is critically dangerous. Wrap up the victim with aclean bed sheet and transport him/her to a well-equipped hospital as soon as possible.

II

Chemical and Biological Experiments

1.

General Tips
In these experiments, the so-called chemical experiments have a higher relative importance. It is extremely
important to have a full understanding and mastery of safety-minded operating procedures, which provides
the foundation for smoothly conducting specialized and graduation experiments. What follows presents
precautions specific to chemical experiments. Note that this booklet lists the bare minimum requirements only.
The books listed below are relatively inexpensively priced. You are strongly encouraged to purchase them toprevent accidents in experiments.
References
1） Kagaku-Dojin (Eds.), Experiment Safety Manua (in Japanese) and Sequel to Experiment Safety Manual(in Japanese), Kagaku-Dojin Publishing Company, INC.
2） Masahiro YORIZANE (Ed), Foundations and Tips for Chemical Experiments (in Japanese), Baifukan Co.,Ltd.
3） Handbook of the Handling of Waste Liquids (in Japanese) (Environmental Management Facilities, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology)

—15—

2.

Precautions for Preventing Accidents in Basic Operations(1) Precautions for Glassware Usea) Check glassware for cracks or scratches before heat application. Besides, thick-walled vessels must not
be subjected to heat unless custom-made heat resistant. It is outrageous to do such a thing as heating a
vessel containing an organic solvent or the like direct with a gas fire.
b) When cleaning glassware, use an appropriate brush. Clean carefully with a cleaning agent and then rinse
with water. If the glassware repels water, the cleaning was insufficient. Redo the cleaning. For viscous stainsof fats and oils or mineral oils, dissolve them with an appropriate solvent (be careful when disposing of waste
liquids) and then follow the above cleaning method.
c) When using ground-joint ware, do not move the ground part dry. If required to apply lubricant, such as
grease, to the ground part, apply it very thinly. After using ground-joint
ware, wipe off grease with a solvent, such as hexane or toluene, andclean the glassware immediately. Sticking is likely, especially after use
with alkali. Immediately clean after use.
d) When passing a glass tube, a thermometer, or the arm of a side-arm
flask through a rubber stopper, push it in gradually by turning it gently
while holding a part near the rubber stopper and protecting the handwith a cloth, as shown in the figure to the right. If held by a far part, theglass tube will break, causing a heavy injury. If allowed to use water,
apply a small amount for easier insertion (if the experiment does notallow water use, do not use water. Alternatively, dry completely before use).
e) A freshly cut end of a glass tube is sharp and can easily cut a hand. Blunt it by lightly melting it with fire.
f) If any glassware is broken, immediately clean up and collect broken pieces for disposal into a dedicatedglass-waste bin.
(2) Handling of chemicals
Frequently used chemicals, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydrate, potassium
hydrate, and the like, are extensively used in experiments in general. As such, their familiarity may lead toinattentiveness, inviting accidents. If used incorrectly, chemicals other than the above will also cause major
accidents. Handle with extreme care. Given below are precautions to bear in mind when handling chemicals:a) When receiving a purchased chemical, check it against the name of the product ordered.
b) Chemicals should be divided into groups with similar hazards, labeled to indicate their hazards, and stored
and managed in appropriate safe places, with precautionary measures against loss and theft. Extra care must
be exercised for flammable, explosive, corrosive, or toxic dangerous substances.
c) For any bottled chemicals received, their item name, internal capacity, storage site, and other related
information must be registered in our institute's chemicals management system (IASO). When storing or
retrieving chemicals or disposing of their bottles, update their IASO registration information.
d) Always check the label when using a chemical to avoid confusing it with another chemical.
e) Chemicals must not be mixed unnecessarily, even for reactions. Matters to keep in mind should beresearched well. Examples include the dilution of sulfuric acids, mixing of two types of oxidizing agents, andmixing of oxidizing agents and organic solvents.
f) No chemicals should be touched directly with a hand, smelled, or put into the mouth, no matter what theyare. Use a hand fan to smell gas.
g) If any chemical falls on the skin or clothes, wash with plenty of water. Some chemicals are extremely
dangerous (such as hydrogen fluoride). Research well the matters to keep in mind when using dangerous
chemicals. Besides, become well-versed in coping methods.

—16—

(3) Precautions for Heating
There are various purposes and methods of heating in chemical experiments. For heat sources, gas andelectricity are available. For safety, appliances that use electricity as the heat source are desirable. However,gas can be the only option available in some situations. General precautions for heating operations are as
follows:a) Select appropriate appliances and use them appropriately.
b) Avoid rapid heating.
c) Avoid heating to extremely high temperatures.
d) Stay close to the bench while heating.
e) Keep flammable substances away.
f) Do not construct any apparatus with a closed system that will be internally pressured by heating.
(4) Precautions for Cooling
Even with the same temperature difference, frostbite is more unlikely to occur than a burn injury. Even
when cooled to 0°C, cellular tissues at a distal end will not be permanently damaged. However, prolonged
cooling will result in the cessation of blood flow and local tissue damage. For example, dry ice (−78.5°C) is
dangerous enough to cause blisters when applied directly to the skin.
(5) Precautions for Distillation
1） General precautionsa) Research in advance the boiling, decomposition, and melting points of substances that constitute a sample
solution. Distill under atmospheric distillation for distillates that boil at about 150°C or less. Distill under
reduced pressure for distillates with a higher boiling point or for compounds that readily polymerize or
decompose.
b) Before starting distillation, inspect the apparatus for any signs of damage, such as cracks. Inspect plugs
and connections for looseness.
c) Preferably, use electricity as a heat source. Heating from directly below is dangerous. An apparatus must
be designed and constructed so the heater can be easily removed (using a tool such as a jack) without
moving the still. The aim is to make it possible to stop the heating and let the still and its contents cool down incase of an unexpected situation.
d) A special apparatus and extra care are required if a large amount of crystal precipitation is expected during
distillation.
e) Use a water cooler for a running point of 150°C or less. For a running point exceeding 150°C, use an aircooling tube.
f) Ethers stored for a prolonged period (with peroxide formation) or solutions containing explosive
substances, such as peroxides or nitro compounds must not be concentrated until all liquid has disappeared.
Failure to comply may result in an explosion.
g) The stoppage of water flow in a water cooler is one of the causes of fire. Ensure that water flows,
especially five minutes after water passing (because immediately afterward, the flow is often reduced due toan expanded water plug gasket).
h) Do not fill any sample into a distilling flask exceeding 50% of its capacity.
2） Atmospheric distillationa) Always add several zeolite pebbles to prevent accidents due to explosive boiling. After interrupting
distillation to allow the temperature to drop, add new zeolite pebbles before resuming.
b) If the addition of zeolite is omitted, or if new zeolite pebbles are added during distillation when the zeolite is
not very effective, sudden boiling will occur, causing an outburst of liquid or vapor that may result in burns or
fire.
c) Use new zeolite pebbles for each distillation.

—17—3） Distillation under reduced pressurea) Use round bottom flasks. Do not use flat-bottom flasks.
b) In addition to a pressure gauge, remember to install a trap between a still and a vacuum pump or an
aspirator.
c) Use wall-thick rubber tubing for connections.
d) Check capillary tubes for any signs of blockage. If the capillary tube is used that does not produce bubbles,
explosive boiling will occur during distillation. This phenomenon will cause an accident similar to those inatmospheric distillation.
e) Before starting heating, make sure the pressure has been sufficiently reduced.
4） Steam distillationa) Steam distillation requires large amounts of steam and hence often uses a burner. Care should be taken
not to place combustibles nearby.
b) When steam-distilling a solution containing solid substances, carefully ensure no blockage occurs in theguide tube from the steam generator to the distilling flask.
c) Use a larger cooler with higher efficiency.
d) Handle the steam generator with due care. Use a long safety tube and insert it down to the bottom of thesteam generator. When stopping distillation, operate the tap carefully to avoid blocking the steam generator.
(6) Precautions for Filtrationa) Select an appropriate method and labware according to the amount of the crystal to be filtered, its
filterability, solubility, and other parameters.
b) Before filtering a flammable solution, ensure that no fire is around. Organic solvent vapors are usuallyheavier than air. These vapors spread over benches or floors.
c) Toxic solvents should be filtered in a draft chamber.
(7) Precautions for Extractiona) Use only separating funnels with a capacity one and a half times greater than the total volume of a sample
liquid and an extraction solvent.
b) The funnel stand must be large enough to serve as a stable support for a separating funnel filled with asample solution and a solvent.
c) Cool extracted liquids until room temperature before use. Failure to comply will cause a large amount ofvapor, possibly leading to a fire. Remember this point, especially when using a low-boiling-point solvent, suchas ether.
d) Even if the same total amount of extraction solvent is used, a higher extraction effect can be achieved byrepeating the extraction operation many times in small amounts.
e) If the funnel is shaken vigorously from the beginning, its internal pressure will rise (due to mixing heat),which may cause the contents to blow out from the plug. First, turn the funnel upside down. Then, open the
tap to release the pressure. Next, repeat the cycle of light shaking and pressure release. When doing so, youmust not point the tip of the funnel at others or yourself. When the pressure stops rising, vigorously shake thefunnel, release the pressure once again for the last time, and leave the funnel to stand.

(8) Precautions for Drying
1） Drying liquids
Typically, add a solid desiccant directly to a liquid in an amount of approximately 1/20 to 1/30 of the amountof the liquid. Shake the mixture occasionally and leave it to stand and dry for more than a few hours,
preferably overnight. You must select a desiccant that will not react with the sample. For example, basic
desiccants cannot be used with acid substances. Doing so is dangerous.

—18—2） Drying solidsa) For a solid that contains much moisture or organic solvent, air-dry it first (natural drying). To dry it
completely, use a desiccator or perform baking. When drying solids containing an organic solvent, carefully
prevent them from catching fire.
b) Sometimes, an electric oven dryer is used to dry a large amount of solid substance. However, solids thateasily decomposition-prone solids, such as peroxides or nitrides, must not be baked. Samples containing
flammable organic solvent must not be dried using an electric dryer.
(9) Melting Point Meter Usage
Melting point measurement is a basic and important operation to help you identify the compound you havesynthesized. High boiling point oil or concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a medium to heat a capillary tube
filled with a sample. They are both hot and can cause serious burn injuries in the case of skin contact. Utmost
care is required to heat the apparatus. Because direct fire is used for heating, the burner should be handledwith due care.
First, you can heat at the rate of 4ºC to 6°C/min up to 10ºC to 15°C below the expected melting point.
Then, heat up to the melting point with care at the rate of 1ºC to 2°C/min and perform the measurement.
Adjust the burner flame (without letting in too much air) and perform the heating by moving the burner-holding
hand extensively as if trying to heat the whole measuring container. Rapid heating should never be attempted.
If the heat medium is at a high temperature after use by someone else, leave it until the temperature becomes
10ºC to 20°C lower than the expected melting point. Then, set the capillary tube filled with the sample, leave it
for approximately 5 minutes, and perform the measurement as instructed above when the sample’s
temperature equals that of the heat medium.

(10) Precautions for High-Pressure Experiments
1） General precautions
High-pressure experiments take place under severe conditions for chemical experiments and involve relatively
high risks. Mishandling of an apparatus may lead to a major accident. Care should be taken accordingly.
General precautions are as follows: For the safe handling of autoclaves, pressure-proof glass seal tubes, andthe like, refer to lab books and other source materials as necessary.
a) No work shall be carried out that exceeds the performance of the apparatus in terms of pressure
resistance or heat resistance (for instance, a high-pressure apparatus should be used with pressure below
two-thirds of the test withstanding pressure).
b) Avoid overtightening high-pressure valves.
c) Conduct experiments in the presence of your instructor as much as possible.
d) Ask manufacturers for periodic pressure checks to ensure the safety of high-pressure reaction vessels andother equipment. Besides, make sure that safety measures, such as relief valves, are in place.
e) A high-pressure apparatus should be checked for gas leakage at a pressure equal to or greater than thenormal working pressure. In addition, provide indoor ventilation with care so that no gas will build up even in
the event of leakage.
f) The apparatus should be installed in a special laboratory rather than a generic laboratory as much as
possible. Due consideration should be given to minimizing damage even if an accident occurs.
2） Handling of high-pressure gas containers (cylinders)
Gaseous substances at the ordinary temperature and normal pressure used for experiments are suppliedin high-pressure gas containers. They are fed at 150 atm max. and, as such, must be handled with care. Gas
cylinders fall into either those with a left-hand thread screw or those with a right-hand thread screw. The
former are filled with flammable gas, while the latter are filled with nonflammable or oxidizing gas. For specificdetails, consult reference books and other sources of information. General precautions are as follows:a) Be well-versed in the handling of pressure regulators.

—19—b) When transporting a cylinder, firmly tighten the protective cap on the cylinder valve and then place thecylinder on a cylinder transport cart. If the cart is unavailable, tilt the cylinder slightly from its upright positionand carry it by rolling it on its bottom edge. Do not handle cylinders with hands in oil-soaked gloves. It isdangerous to transport a cylinder with a pressure regulator on it.
c) Before fitting a pressure regulator, check whether it is for a left or right-hand thread screw. First, check thefilling port's valve seat for scratches. If the valve seat is scratched, it is best to replace the whole cylinder.
However, if the scratches are shallow, a dedicated gasket may be used to prevent gas leakage. Do not
overtighten the gasket.
d) Release any gas only after ensuring that the pressure regulator valve and the outlet-side tap are shut off.
Fully open the supply gas valve. Using soapy water, check for any signs of gas leakage from the valve rod
part of the supply gas valve and the connection between the filling port and the pressure regulator. Then,slowly turn the pressure regulating valve in the specified direction to adjust to the prescribed pressure. It isdangerous here to look into the pressure gauge. If released rapidly, the gas causes friction with the innersurface of the valve, resulting in static electricity, which is dangerous in the presence of flammable gas.
e) To stop the gas release, shut off the supply gas valve first and then the pressure regulating valve. Next,
using soapy water, double-check the seat of the supply gas valve and the connection with the regulator forany signs of gas leakage. Carefully avoid overtightening the supply gas valve.
f) Gas cylinders fall over easily. Take care to prevent them from falling over.

3.

Chemical Experiments
These experiments are the first specialized experiments that you will take. Experiments always involve
potential risks. You are advised to pay close attention to safety and develop a habit of conducting experiments
safely. Eye exposure to chemicals may result in complete blindness. Wear protective goggles as much as
possible during experiments.

(1) Analytical Chemistry Experiments
Analytical chemistry experiments involve neutralization titration and instrumental assays. Glassware isoften used in these experiments. Handle glassware with care. Do not use damaged glassware that could
easily cause injury. When you have damaged or found damaged glassware, always contact the instructor for
repair or replacement with new glassware (see “Precautions for glassware use”).
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrate are the chemicals that require particular care during handling inthese experiments. Read the “Handling of chemicals” section before performing any experiment.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid emits irritating fumes that affect the eye and skin and should be weighed out
and diluted in a draft chamber.
(2) Organic Chemical Experiments
Organic chemistry experiments involve using glassware and various chemicals and, as such, poseextremely high risks of accidents, such as injuries from accidentally broken glass, burns from leaked
flammables catching fire, and skin damage from chemicals, such as acids and alkalis. An uninitiated or
unskilled person often breaks a glass tube and gets unexpected deep cuts from broken pieces, especiallywhen connecting a glass tube to a rubber stopper or tube. Carefully read the above tips for chemical
experiments to avoid causing these inadvertent accidents with care and perform experiments safely according
to the correct methods. You are expected to learn the fundamentals of useful substance synthesis throughorganic experiments.
1） Before starting experiments
First, arrive in time for the attendance check and report to the instructor that you will surely participate in anexperiment. Then, the instructor in charge will provide careful explanations and instructions for the content of
the day’s experiment, the reaction mechanism to be covered, specific operations, and expected risks(accidents). Prepare for the class. If in doubt, ask questions during the class and understand the specifics ofoperations well.

—20—2） Handling of reagents
Reagents for the day’s experiment are made ready for each group in a predetermined place. Weigh out the
specified amount into a glass vessel if the reagent is liquid or onto, for example, a piece of drug wrapping
paper if it is solid. Be careful not to spill the reagent. For acids, solvents, and the like, weigh out the specified
amount using a dedicated pipette without skin contact. In case of inadvertently spilling a reagent, immediately
report to the instructor. Then, clean up the spillage as instructed by the instructor. Do not causeinconveniences to the next person. The reagent handling area is used in common by all members and, assuch, should always be kept neat and in good order by each member to ensure efficient work.
3） Handling of the labware and tools to be used
These items divide into those consisting mainly of glassware assigned to individual members' experiments
and those for shared use in each experiment. Both must be washed clean and kept ready for use. Especiallylabware lent out for the day must be cleaned after use and returned to the place specified by the instructor.
4） Tips during experiments
Carefully perform experiments according to the general precautions for experiments. Do not leave thebench without putting away dangerous chemicals when heating flammables. When performing a dangerous
operation or inadvertently having caused an accident, such as fire, water leakage, or scattering of chemicals,
use a loud voice to draw the attention of the people in the surroundings. Then, immediately take action withthe help of the instructor and those nearby to avoid getting injured and prevent others from getting injured.
When having to leave the laboratory, notify the instructor to that extent. Do not leave the lab without the
instructor’s permission.
5） Actions to be taken in case of personal accidents
If, unfortunately, getting injured or finding any nearby person injured, act according to the “Measures for
Dealing With Accidents” presented in another section. However, students often fail to implement theappropriate measures for a sudden turn of events. First, use a loud voice to inform the instructor of the injured
person and follow the instructor’s instructions.
6） Completion of the day’s experiment
When completing an experiment safely, wash well the glassware you used and prepare for the next day. For
any waste from the experiment, always ask the instructor for instructions and perform the disposal with due
care accordingly. You are asked to remember that most of the chemicals used in organic experiments and the
products obtained cannot be drained untreated to sewerage. If acid and alkali waste liquids are free ofsubstances that cannot be drained to sewerage, neutralize them before disposal. Ether, other organic
solvents, chrome wastewater, or the like must be put in a specified reservoir container.
Glassware washing sinks are used in common by everyone. Do not leave any sink cluttered with cleaning
liquids, brushes, or any other items on its top.
When you have finished organizing your desk and personal effects, report to the instructor for permission togo home. Never go home without permission. The reason is that there is no asserting that no student is lying
unconscious out of the instructor’s sight.
(3) Physical Chemistry Experiments
Before these experiments, each experiment's operating procedure must be carefully read and understood.
Before conducting these experiments, you will receive explanations from the instructor. Adhere to the
instructions and precautions for each experiment. Contact the instructor immediately whenever any possible
anomaly or a safety-threatening situation arises.
1） Precautions for apparatus assembly and handlingi. Any apparatus must be assembled to cope with a contingency that may occur, such as an earthquake,gust, or power outage.
ii. Due consideration must be given to the failsafe to preclude any contingency due to inattentive students
other than the parties involved.

—21—

iii. Keep floors free of unwanted items to ensure that passages and access openings can be safely secured
even in an emergency.
iv. When handling glassware, remember that glass will always break under excessive force, resulting ininjury, and will always break and scatter when subjected to a sharp temperature difference. When inserting a
glass tube or any other glass article into a rubber stopper, rubber tube, pipettor, or the like, hold a part near
the insertion hole to allow easy insertion without using excessive force.
v. When using electrical equipment, exercise care to avoid electric shock. Protect the apparatus fromexposure to water. Carefully avoid operating it with a wet hand.
2） Handling of chemicals (See “Safe Use of Chemicals”)
i. Exercise extra care when handling toxic and harmful chemicals. Basic precautions must be followed,
such as using a draft chamber to avoid inhalation, wearing protective goggles to avoid eye contact, andimmediately washing off in case of body contact. Be careful with fire when handling an easily ignitable solvent,even in small amounts. Generally, an organic solvent gas has greater specific gravity than air and may creep
along a floor surface to catch fire. Therefore, consideration must be given to the risk of ignition from a distancein a poorly ventilated room. Remember to perform indoor ventilation accordingly.
ii. Adhere to the instructor’s instructions whenever handling particularly toxic chemicals.
iii. Dispose of waste liquids as specified. Be careful not to drain organic solvents, harmful substances, acids,
alkalis, or the like, even in small amounts, into the sink.
(4) Computer Experiments
None of the work involved poses a personal safety problem. However, you are asked to be careful andavoid touching various power sources without permission. Security controls are required to prevent data
corruption. Follow the instructor’s instructions.
(5) Instrumental Analysis Experiment1） Infrared absorption spectrum method
Samples are measured in the form of KBr tablets as appropriate. Use a hydraulic press to apply pressureof up to 5 to 8 tons to form tablets. Take care when handling forming equipment, including assembly. Skewed
pressing will damage the forming equipment, which is extremely dangerous.
When using solvent casting to form polymer film, do it in the best-ventilated place available to prevent theinhalation of solvent vapors.
2） Nuclear magnetic resonance method
The superconducting magnet used in the apparatus generates an extremely strong magnetic field. Takecare to avoid any hazards due to the effects of this magnetic field. Refer also to “Safety in the Use of Common
Facilities.”
3） UV-visible absorption spectrum method
A cleaning liquid specified in the JIS and ASTM methods is preferred to clean absorption cells, such as
quartz cells. Such cleaning liquids can cause serious damage to the eye and should be used with care.
4） Gas chromatography (GC)Refer to separate sections for the handling of high-pressure cylinders. Sample inlets are often heated up toaccelerate the gasification of the sample. Take care to avoid injuries such as burns.
5） High-speed liquid chromatography
Pay attention to laboratory ventilation and exercise due care with fire when using an organic solvent as amobile phase. Be particularly careful to prevent liquid spillage.

—22—6） X-ray diffractometry
X-rays, at any dose, cannot be said to be harmless to the human body and must be handled carefully.
Refer also to “Safety in the Use of Common Facilities.” Care must be taken to avoid x-ray exposure,especially in student experiments with many students in a small room.
(6) Physical Experiments
Presumably, physics experiments use fewer sets of equipment that can be dangerous than chemistry
experiments that use various chemicals and glassware. However, carelessness could cause damage torelatively expensive equipment and injury to the experimenter.
1） Organization of the experiment environment
The basic attitudes toward these experiments are not significantly different from those toward chemistry
experiments. Arrange laboratory equipment, including wiring and the like, for easy handling. The measurer
should position the chair and the like to allow a comfortable posture for operating the equipment. Placing theequipment in the center of the bench may provide safety at the expense of ease of operation. However, theequipment may fall off if placed too close to either edge of the bench.
2） Precautions for the handling of equipment
i. High-sensitivity or high-precision measuring instruments are often supplied with accessories such as
stoppers or fine-tuning screws to ensure the instrument's safety during nonuse. These instruments must be
handled with due care. Read the manual and other documents carefully before use. Overexerting oneself
must be avoided as it may cause damage or danger to the equipment. Computers, measuring instruments,
and the like hate dust and should always be covered when unused.
ii. To use a power source in an experiment, make connections between equipment (make the wiring easy tounderstand) and then plug the power cord. Turn off the power before modifying the wiring during theexperiment or before removing it after finishing the experiment. Even after the power is turned off, a largecapacity capacitor often remains electrically charged and can cause an unexpected electric shock. Be sureto ground the line once and check with a tester.
iii. Needless to say, due care should be taken to avoid the risk of explosion or electric shock when using highpressures or high voltage. A pressure gauge incompatible with a gas cylinder may be blown out whenconnected. Specific precautions for experiments using high voltage cover a wide range. Separate safety
manuals are prepared for each experiment/laboratory.
iv. When experimenting with a laser light source, looking directly at the light with the naked eye is extremely
dangerous and must always be avoided. A separate section (Safety Precautions for Laser Light) provides
more details on laser light.
(7) Chemical Engineering Experiments
For these experiments, the themes are organized around the premises of the operation of real chemical
processes. Therefore, the experiment apparatus will be large and bulky. Their operation requires high volume
use of utilities, such as electricity, gas, and water, as shown in the table below for each experiment theme.
Accordingly, using these apparatuses requires a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of handling toensure safety in conducting experiments. This section presents the basic safety knowledge for handling highpressure gas, city gas, electricity, and water, as well as the precautions to be followed by each of you duringexperiments.
1) When assembling your experiment apparatus, follow the assembly drawings and guidelines to ensure
correct assembly. Try lightly turning stirrers and other moving parts to check whether they move smoothly.
Check water flow systems for blockages.
2) For measuring instruments and the like, consult their operating instructions and learn their use andprinciples, among other things. Be careful not to damage them by improper operation or use beyond theirintended use. Conduct preliminary assays as necessary.

—23—3） Hazards from toxic components, flammable or explosive liquids or gases, and heat generation have been
mentioned several times earlier. Exercise caution, especially when using them in large quantities in main
experiments.
4） At the same time, be aware of mechanical and electrical hazards. Always take protective measures. In
many accidents, trouser legs or sleeves have been caught in belts or overcurrent passing through octopus
wiring.
5） As regards handling high-pressure gas containers (cylinders), carefully read and follow the instructions ina separate section.
Experiment themes and the main utilities to be used
Experiment theme
High-pressure Electricity
gas
Dimensional analysis
Flow
Fluidized bed
Compressors For compressors
Gas absorption
Carbon dioxide For measuring instruments
gas cylinders
Distillation
For heating/for measuring
instruments
DryingFor heating/for measuring
instruments
Gas-solid contact
For heating/for measuring
reaction
instruments
Heat transfer
For heating/for measuring
instruments

Water

Chemicals

For settlement media
For flows
Absorbing liquids

NaOH HCl
Methanol, ethanol

Isopropanol
For cooling

4.

Biological and Bioengineering Experiments
In biological and bioengineering experiments, you will conduct experiments on such themes as protein
separation, purification, and quantification; solid protein structure; enzyme reaction analysis; and microbial
cultivation and morphological observation.
These experiments involve the handling of biological samples. Therefore, it is extremely important to takecare to prevent both chemical and biological accidents. Safe biological samples are prepared for thesestudent experiments. You will receive specific precautions from the instructor and must follow them and use
the utmost care to prevent accidents.
General precautions are as follows:(1) Segregate areas of potential microbial contamination from clean areas. No smoking, eating, or
drinking is allowed in the laboratory.
(2) Inexperienced students often accidentally drop bacterial suspensions on the floor or suck them into
pipettes. In such cases, do not attempt any self-invented disposal. Always ask the instructor for
appropriate instructions.
(3) Sterilize and disinfect anything suspected of microbial contamination.
(4) For more detailed precautions, refer to “Safety in Biological Experiments.”
5. Staying Safe during Physics Experiments, Engineering Experiments and Practical Training
1. Staying safe during physics experiments
Although few devices used during physics experiments are dangerous, carelessness can cause damage torelatively expensive equipment and injury to the user.
(1) Maintaining the experiment area
The basic attitude toward experiments is not much different from that toward biological or chemistry
experiments. Laboratory equipment, including wiring, should be arranged so that it is easy to handle. Position
chairs and the like so that the operator can maintain a comfortable posture while manipulating the equipment.
Equipment placed in the center of the laboratory table may be safely situated but difficult to handle, and if it isplaced too close to the edge it may fall off the table.
(2) Precautions for handling equipmenta) Measuring instruments with high sensitivity and accuracy are often equipped with stoppers and fineadjustment screws for safety when not in use. Handle these with care and operate them only after carefully
reading the instruction manual. If the operation does not go as expected, do not try to force it, since this may
damage the equipment. Dust can hinder the operation of computers and measuring instruments, so always—24—

keep them covered when not in use. Always turn off the equipment before covering it, since the cover mayheat up if the power is on.
b) For experiments that use a power supply, connect the wires between the equipment (make sure the wiring
is organized) before connecting the power supply. Always turn off the power supply first when changing thewiring during an experiment or when disconnecting the wiring after the experiment is over. Large-capacity
capacitors may retain an electrical charge even after the power is turned off. This may cause an unexpected
electric shock, so always ground the wiring and check the charge with a tester.
c) It goes without saying that you should always take precautions against explosions and electric shock whenusing high-pressure or high-voltage equipment. A gas cylinder connected to an incompatible pressure gauge
can cause them to burst. Specific precautions in experiments involving high voltages vary widely. A safety
manual should be prepared for each experiment or research project that considers actual conditions.
d) In experiments that require lasers, keep in mind that looking directly at lasers without protective goggles isdangerous and must be avoided at all costs.
2.

Basic Precautions in Electrical Experiments(1) Always perform start-up checks before starting an experiment.
(2) Until safety is confirmed, never start an experiment. Carefully check the positions of main switches,
especially those on switchboards or next to desks.
(3) Ensure the safety of others before turning on the main power. Ensure that the main switch beside thedesk is off, especially before turning on any switch on a switchboard.
(4) Assemble your experiment apparatus into a rational setup for experiments. Not only do complicatedsetups and wiring result in poor-quality data, but they can also lead to laboratory errors, which can resultin accidents.
(5) Never touch anyone else’s experiment apparatus and the like.
(6) When you have finished an experiment, tie the power cords of electrical equipment into a bundle. Do
not leave them hanging down. Otherwise, you may entangle your foot with a power cord, damage theequipment, or injure yourself.
(7) When you have finished an experiment, always turn off all the experiment apparatus, including themain switch next to the desk, and check again before you go home.
(8) When experimenting with high voltage, dry your hands and work as much as possible with one hand.
(9) A power source with a large current-carrying capacity should be used with a limiter set or a resistor
inserted to prevent unnecessarily large current flow.
(10) When using a high-capacity capacitor, add a high-impedance resistor of 500 kΩ or more in parallel,
unless otherwise prevented, to ensure that the charge does not remain for a long time. Do not touch thecapacitor immediately after discharging it.
(11) If someone receives an electric shock, immediately turn off the power or remove the victim from theplace with a dried wooden or bamboo stick.
(12) An electric-shock victim may feel strange in the heart after a while. If the victim falls into shock,contact staff immediately and take appropriate action, such as artificial respiration or cardiac massage.

—25—

(13) When wiring, check the current-carrying capacity and avoid using old power cords or half-plugged
connectors.
(14) When connecting an electrolytic capacitor, check the polarity carefully. If the capacitor is connected withthe polarity reversed, it may explode, and the electrolyte or the case may blow out, resulting in personal injury.
(15) If the experiment apparatus fails or a fuse blows, fully understand the cause and avoid repeating thesame mistake.
(16) Switch off all apparatuses immediately and turn off the main switch next to your desk in case of a power
outage.
(17) A wet-gloved hand is more susceptible to electric shock than a bare hand. Use completely dry gloves.
(18) In the event of a fire or explosion, never attempt to deal with the situation among yourselves, but always
contact a faculty member.

IV Mechanical Experiments
While students conduct their experiments primarily in student laboratories, they receive machine tool training
at the Center for Design and Manufacturing. Misuse of any machine tool can result in a serious accident. It isextremely important that students fully understand their operating methods and mechanisms, among otherthings. To prevent accidents, it is important that students carefully read not only this booklet but also the
textbooks for the laboratory assignments and fully understand the contents of the experiments, procedures,and precautions. See also “For Safe Operation of Machines” and the section on the Common Facility, the“Center for Design and Manufacturing.”—26—

Safety and notification of experiments, studies,
exercises, etc. off campus
1.

Prior notification of experiments, studies, exercises, etc. off campus

Notify the University in advance before engaging in activities such as experiments, studies, exercises,
laboratory seminars, attendance at academic society meetings, or internships out of doors, at other research
institutes, at companies, at general lodging facilities, or elsewhere off the University campus, as part of the
University's research and education activities (including classes and research for graduation theses ormaster's theses). This notification process is necessary both to prevent accidents and to enable the University
to respond appropriately and apply for insurance benefits in the unfortunate event of an accident.
Types of notifications
i.Off-Campus Research Notification: Submitted in all cases of experiments, studies, exercises, seminars,
academic society meetings, etc. off campus (in Japan).
ii.Tour Notification (page 29): Submitted when touring another facility. Must be guided by a faculty member.
iii.International Travel Notification or International Study Notification (page 30 and later): Submitted forexperiments, studies, exercises, seminars, academic society meetings, etc. off campus (overseas). Submit
these notifications by the deadline to the Academic Affairs Department through your faculty advisor,referring to the information below for the methods of notification and forms.
◼ Students of the Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Engineering: Koganei Campus Web
Bulletin Board > Academic Information◼ Students of the Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering: Graduate School of BioApplications and Systems Engineering Website > List of Application Forms
A student planning to engage in activities such as experiments, exercises, or studies at another institution
for a fixed period of time must first make responsibilities clear by submitting a Research Guidance Request
and other documents to the other institution. Often, the other institution has established forms that need to be
used. Your faculty advisor will fill out those forms and submit them to the University, and then the Faculty ofEngineering will issue a Request form.
* The notification above cannot be accepted if no student research/education casualty insurance policy andliability insurance policy (e.g., academic research liability insurance policy) has been taken out.
* For participation in off-campus games or events in extracurricular activities such as those of student clubs
or similar organizations, the Notification of Off-Campus Activity must be submitted to the Student Affairs
Department in advance. Obtain the form at the Student Affairs Department counter.

—27—

2.

Traffic safety

Be aware that conditions of University classes conducted off campus may vary considerably. Rememberthat the trip to and from the location of such exercises is considered a part of the class. While students should
behave in ways suited to their surroundings in public areas off campus, they must keep in mind their status as
students of the University. In particular, when driving, be considerate of other drivers. However, students are
not permitted to drive official vehicles. When traveling on foot, be careful to avoid accidents.
Moving around the city involves interaction with a wide range of vehicles that follow different traffic rules.
These include buses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles. Caution is required because some drivers do not follow
the rules. Remember that it is particularly hard to concentrate in situations such as crowded and noisy places.
The streets are used by a diverse range of people, including children and seniors, who behave in their own
individual ways. It must be noted that dramatic changes in such environments could lead to unforeseen
accidents due to misjudgments, even in off-campus places that had seemed safe.
It also must be noticed that driving in places such as the mountains and surrounding areas, which seempeaceful at first glance, could lead to unforeseen accidents due to driving at high speeds.

—28—Date (M/D/Y)://Tour Notification
To: Head of the Faculty of Engineering
To: Head of the Graduate School of Engineering
To: Head of the Graduate School of BioApplications and Systems Engineering

Faculty advisor

To: Head of Department/Program etc.
or Chair of Education Committee/Academic Affairs
Committee
Please be notified of my/our plans for the tour described below:
Details
Purpose of tour

Class name

Student
year

Departmen
t/program

Subject
Date (Y/M/D) and time of
tour

/

/
:

(____day) am/pm -/:/(____day)
am/pm

Name
Destinationof tour〒-; tel.

--

Address

Tour participantsStudent
year

Departmen
t/programStudent
ID

Student year

(Number of otherparticipants:)

Name

Guiding faculty member
Means of transport to thetour destination
Insurance coverage

Request Form
Addresseeof Request
Form

From:
For staff use(Coverage
verification seal)□ Student research/education casualty insurance□ Academic research liability insurance policy□ Others (insurance policies taken out individually):□ Required □ University form
□ Destination form

Name
Address

Remarks(Note 1)
(Note 2)
(Note 3)

To:

〒

-

; tel.

--

1. Meeting date (M/D) and time:
2. Meeting place
3. Other information/(_____day),

:

am/pm

Submit this Notification at least once week in advance of the tour.
A tour may not be participated in if not insured.
If the number of participating students is large, attach a separate list and indicate
insurance coverage status on it.
Submit to: Academic Affairs Department

—29—

—30—

—31—

Form 1

International Study Notification
To: President of Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology

Date (M/D/Y):
Affiliation://(year:)(Relation:

Seal)

Student no.:
Kana
Name:
Joint
and
severalguarantor:

Address:Tel.:
I hereby permission to study abroad as described below:
Details
1. Purpose
2. Destination ofinternational study

Units awarded: □ Y □ N(Country:)

Name of University
AddressTel.

3. Period (Y/M/D) ofinternational study
4. Provision of travel
expenses, attendance
expenses, etc.

Email
/

/

-

/

/

□ Paid by the University or anational public institution□ Paid by destination□ Paid by self (private scholarship),etc.
5. Contact while abroad
Personal mobile phone Tel.
Place of lodging
Name

Email

Tel.
Name

Email
Relation

7. Passport

Tel.
No.

Mobile tel. no.
Name (in Roman alphabet)

8. International travel
insurance□ Covered international study □ Other ()* If "other" is checked above, attach documentation of coverage details.

6. Emergency contact inJapan

Head of Department/Program etc.: Chair of Education Committee:
Seal

Academic advisor:
Seal

Seal

* Attach a travel itinerary (in any format).

—32—

. Personal Accident Insurance for Students
Pursuing Education and Researchand Liability Insurance for Students
I. Personal Accident Insurance for Students Pursuing Education and Research
The Personal Accident Insurance for Students Pursuing Education and Research package provides
protection for students who are injured due to disasters or accidents during university classes orextracurricular activities. TUAT requires all students to enroll in this insurance.
1. Enrollment
New students complete membership procedures for the prescribed years of study when they enroll
in the university. Students enrolled in the university for more than the prescribed period of study,
due to a lack of credits for graduation or the like, must renew membership annually.
2. When insurance benefits are paid
(1) When a student suffers bodily injury as a result of a sudden and accidental external accident
during TUAT’s educational and research activities.
“Educational and research activities” refers to the following:1) During regular classes
This refers to lectures, experiments, practical training, exercises, or practical skill courses(hereinafter collectively referred to as “classes”), and also includes the following activities:a) While engaged in thesis or dissertation research under the direction of an academic advisor.
However, this excludes the period when the student is engaged in such activities exclusively atplaces related to the student’s personal life.
b) While preparing for or cleaning up after classes as directed by an academic advisor, or while
conducting research activities in the place where the class is held, or at a TUAT library, reference
room or language-learning facility.
c) While taking regular courses at other universities in accordance with the provisions of Article 28 of
the University Establishment Standards and Article 15 of the Graduate School Establishment
Standards.
“Other universities” includes universities in foreign countries.
2) During university events
While participating in university events that are part of educational activities, such as entrance
ceremonies, orientations and graduation ceremonies the university organizes.
3) While in a university facility other than 1) or 2) above
While in facilities owned, used or managed by TUAT for educational activities. However, this excludes:
accidents that occur while the student is in a university dormitory, that occur at a time or locationprohibited by TUAT, or that occur while conducting activities TUAT prohibits.
4) During TUAT-approved extracurricular activities outside university facilities
While engaged in cultural or athletic activities under the supervision of a TUAT-approved TUAT
student organization in accordance with the prescribed procedures as stipulated in the university’srules and regulations. (However, the scope of the insurance coverage is limited.)(2) When a student suffers bodily injury as the result of an accident while commuting to and from theuniversity, or while traveling between university facilities, etc.

—33—

1) While commuting to and from the university
While traveling between the student’s residence and university facilities by areasonable route and method (excluding methods TUAT prohibits) for the purpose ofparticipating in university classes, events or extracurricular activities.
2) While traveling between university facilities
While traveling by a reasonable route and method (excluding methods TUAT prohibits)
between facilities owned, used or managed by TUAT for education and research, andlocations where classes, university events or extracurricular activities are held.
3. Type and amount of insurance benefits
Scope of coverage

Death benefits

Permanent
Medical benefits
disability benefits

Additional
benefitforhospitalization

Cases involving treatment for
Duringcurriculum
20 million yen 1.2-30 million yen one or more days are covered 4,000 yen/day
activities or school events
3,000-300,000 yen
Cases involving treatment for
For reasons other than the
fourteen or more days areabove,
while
inside 10 million yen 0.6-15 million yen
4,000 yen/day
coveredcampus facilities
30-300 thousand yen
DuringextracurricularCases involving treatment for
activities
outsideoffourteen or more days are
University facilities, of 10 million yen 0.6-15 million yen
4,000 yen/day
coveredwhich the University was
30-300 thousand yen
notified
Cases involving treatment for
While commuting to or
10 million yen 0.6-15 million yen four or more days are covered 4,000 yen/day
from school
6-300 thousand yen
While in transit between
Cases involving treatment for
University facilities or 10 million yen 0.6-15 million yen four or more days are covered 4,000 yen/day
similar locations
6-300 thousand yen

4. Insurance benefits will not be paid in the following cases:
Intentional acts, fighting, criminal acts, illnesses, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, wars, civil
unrest, damage caused by radioactive waves or radiation, unlicensed driving, drunk driving, dangerous sports
during extracurricular activities off campus, etc.
Accidents that do not satisfy the conditions of being due to abrupt, sudden, external causes, such as acutealcohol poisoning caused by consuming alcoholic beverages also are not covered.

5. Insurance premiums and coverage period (limited to designated years of attendance)
Classification
Undergraduate students
Graduate students

Period ofcoverage
4 years
2 years

Premium

3 years

2,600 yen

5 years

4,050 yen

3,300 yen
1,750 yen

Remarks

Graduate School of Engineering (Master Course,
Doctoral Course, Professional Degree Course)
Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems
Engineering (Master Course)
Graduate School of Engineering Doctoral Course
Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems
Engineering (Master Course, Doctoral Course,
Consistent Doctoral Program)
Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems
Engineering (Consistent Doctoral Program)

For a one- 1,000 yen
year course—34—

6. Notice of accident and claim for insurance benefits(1) Notice of accident (notify using designated postcard)
The administrative staff responsible in your affiliated section must be notified promptly of the date, time,location, conditions, and degree of injury in the event of an insured accident. Note that insurance benefits
cannot be paid if notice is not provided within 30 days after the accident. (Article 18 of the insurance policy)(2) Claim for insurance benefits (claim benefits using the designated form)
Insurance Benefits Claim Form/Accident Certificate, written diagnosis from a doctor, etc.

7. Transfer
You may apply for a refund of insurance premiums if you withdraw or take a leave of absence exceeding
one year during the insurance period.

8. The following section handles administration of this insurance policy. Entrance Examinations
Department, Student Affairs Office (ex. 7014)—35—

Associated liability insurance program forstudent research/education casualty insurance
The student may be liable by law to pay compensation for damages in the event of accidental injury toanother or damage to off-campus facilities or property during curriculum activities, off-campus research
activities, internships, school events, and travel to and from such activities. The associated liability insurance
program for student research/education casualty insurance is intended to cover such legal liability.

1.

Eligible for coverage

Students covered by student research/education casualty insurance as of the time the off-campus activity
begins.

2.

Scope of covered activities

Curriculum activities, school events, extracurricular activities, internships, volunteer activities (only thoseauthorized by the University through the designated procedures), and travel to and from such activities (notincluding medical-related exercises).

3.

Amount of coverage and premium
Insurance premium: 340 yen (for one year)
Limit on coverage per personal injury or property damage incident: 100-million-yen
Deductible: 0 yen
Accidents both inside and outside Japan are covered.

4.

Coverage period:
Students entering in April: April 1 – March 31 of the following calendar year
Students entering in October: October 1 – September 30 of the following calendar year

5.

The following section handles administration of this insurance policy. Entrance Examinations
Department, Student Affairs Office (ex. 7014)—36—

How to use chemicals safely
I

General precautions

1.

For experiments

When engaging in research activities, such as research for a graduation thesis, master or doctorate research,joint research, and consigned research, chemicals (hazardous substances and poisons) must be handledappropriately with the guidance of a supervisor.

The experiment room must be kept tidy.
Do not place objects in an emergency stairway, in front of a fire door, in front of a fire hydrant, in acorridor, or on a balcony, and ensure that an evacuation route is available.
(3) Check that the experimental apparatuses/devices and electric wiring are in adequate condition.
(4) Check the locations of safety facilities, such as fire extinguishers, and learn how to use thesefacilities.
(5) Clothes that come into contact with the skin should be made of cotton or wool rather than synthetic
fiber or mixed yarn in case they catch fire.
(6) Care must be taken to avoid being alone during an experiment, and do not leave your post.
(7) Wear protective glasses at all times. Use rubber or vinyl gloves as necessary.
(8) Notify the people in the area if a dangerous experiment is to be conducted.
(9) Avoid placing unnecessary drugs on the experiment table. Ensure familiarity with the nature of thechemicals and the handling methods.
(10) Containers must be labelled clearly, and these must be checked before use.
(11) Smoking is prohibited in the experiment room. Be careful of fire (including water heater, burner, andheater) and keep away from substances that are flammable, easily ignited, or combustible.
(12) Gas cylinders must be secured tightly with chains or dedicated belts. Make sure to close the cap
when transporting. Leakage of gas lines should be checked using soapy water or a gas leakage
detector.
(13) Toxic gases (especially odorless and explosive gases) should be handled in the fume hood. Gas
masks should be prepared.
(14) Care must be taken for the flow rate of cooling water, pipe leakage, and stopping of water after use.

(1)
(2)

2. Measures in the event of an accident and disposal of chemicals (see individual sections for details)(1) Do not perform experiments in the experiment room alone. If an accident occurs, stay calm and callfor people to deal with it.
(2) Make effort in initial firefighting using appropriate fire extinguishers. If clothes catch fire, ask to havethe fire extinguished, use the safety shower, or immediately move to the corridor and extinguish thefire by rolling on the floor.
(3) If chemicals (particularly alkalis) get in the eyes, immediately rinse them with running water for at least
10 minutes. Following this, seek medical attention as soon as possible.

(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

If the chemical comes into contact with the skin or causes a burn, this must be washed with water
carefully in a similar manner. Avoid applying oil-based drugs.
Following use, hazardous and harmful chemicals must be processed to eliminate danger andstored.
Waste solvents of all types must not be disposed of in the drainage.
Do not dispose of heavy metals and their salts. Different compounds require different processing.
Appropriate handling must be applied under the instruction of a faculty member.
Chemical bottles after use must be cleaned of their contents in a safe and appropriate manner anddisposed of in the specified methods.

—37—

II

Classification of hazardous substances

Substances that are easily ignited or combusted are specified as dangerous substances according to theFire Services Act, and this law also specifies the handling of these substances. The outline of the substancesin each category, as well as their properties and precautions of use are provided in this section.
With regards to the storage of hazardous substances, storage in the laboratory must be kept to theminimum required amount, and the remaining amount must be stored in the indoor hazardous substances
storage. When storing hazardous substances, measures must be taken to avoid falling and bottle breakage
due to earthquakes or other causes. Also, since certain combinations of chemicals are dangerous whenmixed, care must be taken for the storage location of each substance to avoid mixing in case the contents
leak.
Hazardous substances must be handled under the supervision of a qualified hazardous materials engineer.
Each research group (laboratory, division, department, faculty, etc.) in charge of handling the hazardous
substances must obtain hazardous material handler qualifications.
According to the Fire Services Act, hazardous substances are classified into the following 6 categories
depending on the morphology or hazard level of the substances:Class1 (Oxidizing solids)
Chlorates, perchlorates, inorganic peroxides, chlorites, bromates, nitrates, iodates, permanganates,
dichromates, and other substances stipulated in Cabinet Orders, as well as compounds containing thesesubstancesClass 2 (Flammable solids)
Phosphorus sulfide, red phosphorus, sulfur, iron powder, metal powder, magnesium, and other substances
stipulated in Cabinet Orders, as well as compounds containing these substances, and combustible solids
Class 3 (Pyrophoric substances and water-prohibitive substances)
Potassium, sodium alkyl aluminum, alkyl lithium, yellow phosphorus, other alkali metals and alkali earth
metals, other organic metal compounds, metal hydrides, metal phosphides, calcium or aluminum carbides,
and other substances stipulated in Cabinet Orders, as well as compounds containing these substancesClass 4 (Flammable liquids)
Specified flammable substances, Class 1 petroleum, alcohols, Class 2 petroleum, Class 3 petroleum,
Class 4 petroleum, animal and vegetable oils
Class 5 (Self-reactive substances)
Organic peroxides, nitrate esters, nitro compounds, nitroso compounds, azo compounds, diazo
compounds, hydrazine derivatives, hydroxylamine, hydroxylamine salts, and other substances stipulated in
Cabinet Orders, as well as compounds containing these substancesClass 6 (Oxidizing liquids)
Perchloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, and other substances stipulated in Cabinet Orders, as wellas compounds containing these substances

III

Properties of the individual hazardous substances and characteristics by item name1.

Class 1 hazardous substance (oxidizing solids) Table 1
Many of the oxidizing solids are prohibited from mixed loading and storage in the same location with othersubstances due to its nature of oxidizing other substances. Oxidizing solids are classified into Type 1, Type 2,
and Type 3.
i. Common characteristics
・ Specific gravity is greater than 1.

—38—

・ Soluble in water. Some substances may generate heat in this process.
・ The substance has a strong oxidizing capacity.
・ The substance is highly reactive and undergoes degradation due to heat, shock, friction, etc., with oxygen
produced in this process.
・ Some substances are deliquescent and are absorbed by paper and cloth.
ii.
Common storage and handling methods
・ Avoid heat, shock, friction, etc.
・ For deliquescent substances, care must be taken for water and moisture.
・ Avoid direct exposure to sunlight and store in a cool, well-ventilated location.
・ Avoid storage and loading mixed with flammable substances.
・ Avoid contact with strong acids.
・ Prevent leakage of hazardous substances associated with container breakage.
iii.Common fire extinguishing method
・ Use water to cool the oxidizer below the degradation temperature or use foam to extinguish fire.
・ Dry chemicals and dry sand should be used for substances degraded by water.
iv.Characteristics by item name
〇Type 1 oxidizing solids
・ Chlorates: Potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, etc. Degrade due to shock, heat, etc.
and cause explosion.
・ Perchlorates: Potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, etc. Similar to chlorates
in hazard properties.
・ Inorganic peroxides: Potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, barium peroxide, etc.
Degrades with heat to produce oxygen. Many of these substances react with water to generate heat andtherefore fire cannot be extinguished with water unlike other oxidizing solids.
〇Type 2 oxidizing solids
・ Nitrates: Deliquescent and readily soluble in water. More stable against shock and heat compared with
type 1 oxidizing solids such as chlorates. Potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate, as well as
barium salts, nickel, cobalt, magnesium, and strontium are included in nitrates.
・ Permanganates: Considered to be strong oxidizers, although the extent is less than that of nitrates.
Produce oxygen when heated and are deliquescent. Fire should be extinguished by water.
・ Dichromates: Potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate, calcium dichromate, etc. These substances are
deliquescent and degrade with heat to produce a large volume of oxygen.

—39—

Table 1 Class 1 Hazardous Substances (Oxidizing Solids)
Item nameChemicalIgnition point Specificformulagravity(°C)

Melting
point(°C)

Solubility inwater<<Type 1 Oxidizing solids>>
Chlorates
Potassium chlorate

KClO3

400

2.32

368

SolubleSodium chlorate

NaClO3

>50

2.49

255

SolubleAmmonium chlorate

NH4ClO3

About 100

1.8

380

SolublePotassium perchlorate

KClO4

550

2.52

610

SolubleSodium per chlorate

NaClO4

480

2.50

480

SolubleAmmonium perchlorate

NH4ClO4

Thermally
degraded

1.95

Potassium peroxide

K2O2

< 308

2.9

490

Degraded

Sodium peroxide

Na2O2

< 650

2.81

460

Degraded

Magnesium peroxide

MgO2

Barium peroxide

BaO2

Thermally
degraded800

Perchlorates

SolubleInorganic peroxides

Insoluble
4.96

450

Practicallyinsoluble

Chlorites
Potassium chlorite

KClO2

2.4

SolubleSodium chlorite

NaClO2

2.3

Soluble

KBrO3

3.27

350

NaBrO3

3.34

381

Bromates
Potassium bromate
Sodium bromate<<Type 2 Oxidizing solids>>

Practicallyinsoluble

Nitrates
Potassium nitrate

KNO3

400

2.09

339

SolubleSodium nitrate

NaNO3

380

2.26

308

SolubleAmmonium nitrate

NH4NO3

200

1.73

169

Soluble560

Practicallyinsoluble
Practicallyinsoluble

Iodates
Potassium iodate

KIO3

3.89

Sodium iodate

NaIO3

4.28

Permanganates
Potassium permanganate

KMnO4

Sodium permanganate

NaMnO4

Thermally
degraded
Thermally
degraded

2.7

Soluble2.47

SolubleThermally
degraded
Thermally
degraded

2.67

396

Soluble2.52

356

SolubleDichromates
Potassium dichromate

K2Cr2O7

Sodium dichromate

Na2Cr2O7—40—

<<Type 3 Oxidizing solids>>
Periodates
Sodium periodate

NaIO4

3.87

300

SolubleChromic anhydride

CrO3

2.70

196

SolubleLead dioxide

PbO2

9.375

360,
Insoluble
degraded

Potassium nitrite

KNO2

1.91

297

SolubleSodium nitrite

NaNO2

2.17

270

SolubleOxidates of chromium, etc.

Nitrites

Hypochlorites
Calcium hypochlorite

Ca(ClO)2

Soluble(Bleaching powder)

SolublePeroxoborates
Sodium perborate

NaBO3, 4H2O

2.

2.1

63

SolubleClass 2 hazardous substance (flammable solids) Table 2
Flammable solids generally have a low ignition temperature and are susceptible to oxidation. Substancessuch as phosphorus sulfide, red phosphorus, sulfur, aluminum powder, zinc powder, iron powder, andcombustible solids are included in this category.
i.Common characteristics
・ Ignite at relatively low temperatures.
・ Rapid combustion rate is observed when combusted.
・ Some substances are toxic.
・ Not soluble in water.
・ Specific gravity is small but greater than water.
・ Oxidized gradually in air. Heat may be generated in this process and may cause spontaneous ignition.
ii.Common storage and handling methods
・ Avoid contact with oxidizer.
・ Avoid contact with the air.
・ Care must be taken in the vicinity of flames, sparks, or high temperature objects.
・ Avoid friction and shock.
・ Avoid mixed loading with Class 1 hazardous substances. Do not handle these substances together.
・ Care must be taken for container breakage and management.
・ Store safely in a cool location.
・ For iron powder and metal powder, contact with water should be avoided.
iii.Common fire extinguishing method
・ Water may not be used to extinguish fire in some cases (metal powder).
・ In general, a large amount of water is poured for extinguishment by cooling.

—41—

iv. Characteristics by item name・ Red phosphorus: Less hazardous than Class 3 hazardous substance yellow phosphorus, however thosemixed with oxidizers are susceptible to combustion. Keep away from flammable substances.
・ Phosphorus sulfide: Includes phosphorus trisulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, and phosphorus
heptasulfide. Undergo hydrolysis to generate H2S. This hydrogen sulfide gas is flammable and toxic to thehuman body, resulting in death by poisoning in a short period of time. P 4S3 (phosphorus trisulfide) has ignition
temperature of 100 ℃. Undergoes spontaneous combustion.
・ Sulfur: There are 3 types of sulfur, namely orthorhombic, monoclinic, and amorphous, depending on theheating temperature, and results in a solid, fluid, or rubber form. Those mixed with oxidizers explode with heatand shock.
・ Metal powder, etc.: Aluminum powder, magnesium powder, zinc powder, iron powder, etc. are dangerous
due to the large surface area of powders. Aluminum and magnesium generate hydrogen when in contact withwater. These powders cause dust explosion.
・ Combustible solids: This refers to solid alcohol. The hazards involved are similar to those of alcohol.
Table 2 Class 2 Hazardous Substances (Flammable Solids)
ChemicalformulaIgnition point(℃)

Specific gravity

Melting point
Solubility in water(℃)

Phosphorus trisulfide

P4S3

100

2.03

173

Insoluble

Phosphorus pentasulfide

P2S5

110

2.09

290

Cold water

Item name
Phosphorus sulfide

Insoluble
Phosphorus heptasulfide

P4S7

110

2.19

310

Cold water

Red phosphorus

P

260

2.20

Sulfur

S

232.2

2.07

Insoluble
400
Insoluble(sublimation)
113
Insoluble

Iron powder

Fe

7.86

1540

Insoluble

C2H5OH

Flash point 13 0.792-114

SolubleMagnesium powder

Mg

520

1.74

650

Insoluble

Zinc powder

Zn

7.14

419

Insoluble

Flammable solid
Solid alcohol<<Type 1 flammable solids>>

3.

Class 3 hazardous substances (pyrophoric substances and water-prohibitive substances) Table 3
Some substances, such as yellow phosphorus and alkyl aluminum, undergo gradual oxidation when left
standing in the air and lead to spontaneous combustion when ignition temperature is reached, while othersubstances, such as potassium and sodium, react violently in the presence of water to cause combustion
while degrading water to produce hydrogen.
Other examples of this class include calcium phosphide as metal phosphide, and carbide (calcium carbide)
as the carbides of calcium or aluminum.
Alkyl aluminum is a hazardous substance with pyrophoric properties; however it is also a water-prohibitive
substance. Yellow phosphorus has an ignition point of around 50℃ and undergoes oxidation in air by
combustion generating white smoke. Pyrophoric substances must be stored avoiding contact with air.

—42—

Alkali earth metals is a general term for 4 elements in Group II subgroup A of the periodic table, including
the 3rd element Ca (calcium, No. 20), Sr (strontium, No. 38), Ba (barium, No. 56), and Ra (radium, No. 88).
They have a higher melting point than alkali metals, and the electrical charge of these elements is mostpositive after alkali metals. This results in the next strongest basicity of hydroxides following alkali metals.
Basicity becomes stronger with a greater atomic number. The hazards of these substances should beconsidered in a similar manner to those of alkali metals.
i.Common characteristics
・ Reacts violently with water to generate heat.
・ Reacts with water to generate flammable gases.
・ Some substances may combust spontaneously. Avoid contact with air.
・ Specific gravity is greater than 1.
ii.Common storage and handling methods
・ Water-prohibitive substances must avoid contact with water.
・ Pyrophoric substances must be kept away from flame, spark, etc. and avoid contact with air. Store andtransport these substances in inert gases such as argon.
・ Store in small portions.
・ When storing these substances in a protective solution, ensure that the substance is not exposed from thesolution.
iii.Common fire extinguishing method
・ No effective extinguishing media have been found up to present.
・ Dry sand. For organic aluminum, covering with expanded vermiculite (vermiculite) or similar materials
reduces contact with air and slows the reaction, however care must be taken as the fire is not extinguished bythis method. Contact with water in this condition causes an explosion. Dry chemical extinguishers without
phosphates should be used.
・ Use of water on water-prohibitive substances is strictly prohibited.
Table 3 Class 3 Hazardous Substances (Pyrophoric Substances and Water-prohibitive Substances)
Melting
Ignition point Specific
Solubility
point
Item nameChemical formula(℃)
gravity
in water(℃)
ReactsPotassium
K
0.86
63.5
violently
ReactsSodium
Na
587
0.97
97.8
violently
Reacts
100℃ ≤
Alkyl aluminum(CnH2n+1)3Al
1.2
-58.5
violently
Reacts
100℃ ≤
Alkyl lithium
CH3(CH2)nLi
0.765
violently
Yellow phosphorusP
30 to 451.82
44Insoluble<<Type 1 pyrophoric substances and waterprohibitive substances>>
Alkali metals, alkali earth metals, and organic
metal compounds
Lithium
Li
0.53
179
ReactsCalciumCa

1.55

Alkyl magnesium

CH3(CH2)nMgX

CesiumCs

SolubleDegraded

1.9

—43—

848
28.5

<<Type 2 pyrophoric substances and waterprohibitive substances>>
Metal hydrides, phosphides, calcium or aluminum
carbidesCalcium hydride

CaH2

1.7

817

SolubleCalcium phosphide

Ca3P2

100 to 150 2.52

1600

ReactsCalcium carbide
CaC2<<Type 3 pyrophoric substances and waterprohibitive substances>>
Silicon chloride compounds

2.22

2300

Reacts1.34-134

Degraded

Trichlorosilane

SiHCl393 to 104

4.

Class 4 hazardous substance (flammable liquids) Table 4
These substances are typical examples of hazardous substances, and 90% or more of the hazardous
substances actually handled are classified as Class 4. Note that all of these substances are liquids.
i.Common characteristics
・ All substances are liquids.
・ Majority of the substances are lighter than water and insoluble in water. For this reason, the substances
float on the water surface and spread, increasing the risk of combustion.
・ Vapor is heavier than air.
・ These substances are poor electrical conductors.
・ These substances are susceptible to static electricity charges.
・ The lower limit of the vapor combustion range is low, resulting in combustion (explosion) when mixed witha slight amount of air.
・ Highly flammable.
・ Some substances have low combustion temperature.
ii.Common storage and handling methods
・ Keep away from fire・ Keep away from Class 1 and Class 5 hazardous substances. Avoid mixed loading.
・ Keep the container lid tightly closed.
・ Keep the temperature lower than the flash point.
・ Avoid leakage of the hazardous substances to the external environment. Also avoid the leakage of vapor.
・ Care must be taken for wind-induced ventilation.
・ Avoid using instruments that generate sparks.
・ Avoid filling the container to full (thermal expansion causes the container to break, resulting in the leakageof hazardous substances to the external environment).
・ Store at or below 40℃.
・ Care must be taken for static electricity.
・ Avoid vigorous stirring and fast flow rate.
・ Handle in a high humidity environment.

—44—

iii.Common fire extinguishing method
・ Water must not be used to extinguish fire.
・ Fire should be extinguished by suffocation.
iv.Characteristics by item name
Type 4 hazardous substances are divided into the following 7 categories:
・ Specified flammable substances: Diethyl ether, carbon disulfide, and other substances with an ignition
point of 100 ℃ or lower, or a flash point of -20 ℃ or lower with a boiling point of 40 ℃ or lower at 1
atmospheric pressure. Examples include collodion, acetaldehyde, and propylene oxide.
Petroleum is divided into the following 4 categories based on the flash point:・ Class 1 petroleum (flash point: < 21 ℃): Gasoline, acetone, benzene, acetate ester, formate ester, etc.
・ Class 2 petroleum (flash point: 21 ℃ to < 70 ℃): Kerosene, diesel oil, chlorobenzene, xylene, etc.
・ Class 3 petroleum (flash point: 70 ℃ to < 200 ℃): Heavy oil, creosote oil, nitrobenzene, etc.
・ Class 4 petroleum (flash point: 200 ℃ to < 250 ℃): Lubricant oil, plasticizer, etc.
・ Alcohols: Monosaturated alcohol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in each molecule. This is a water-soluble
substance and is therefore an exception within Class 4 hazardous substances. Normal foam extinguisher
must not be used to extinguish fire. Protein form should be used as alcohol-resistant foam extinguisher.
・ Animal and vegetable oils: This refers to the oils extracted from the fat and meat of animals, or seeds andfruits of plants. Animal and vegetable oils are pyrophoric, which is a unique characteristic among Class 4
hazardous substances.
Strict prohibition of fire and avoiding leakage into the air are considered key points in the handling of Class 4
hazardous substances.
Sealable container should be used to avoid leakage into the air, however the container must be filled up to
97.5% rather than full capacity in case the hazardous substances increase in volume due to temperature.
In addition, water must not be used to extinguish fire as these substances are insoluble in water and arelighter than water. Suffocation is the only method available.
According to the Fire Services Act, water-soluble liquid is defined as a liquid mixture, which maintains uniform
appearance after stabilization of the flow following gentle stirring with an equal amount of pure water at 20 ℃
at 1 atmospheric pressure, and liquids other than water-soluble liquids are referred to as water-insoluble
liquids.
Table 4 Class 4 Hazardous Substances (Flammable Liquids)
Chemical formula

Flash point(℃)

Ignitionpoint(℃)

Specific
gravity

Diethyl ether

C2H5OC2H5

-45

180

71

Carbon disulfide

CS2

-30

90

1.3

Practicallyinsoluble
Insoluble

Collodion

C12H16O6(NO2)4-18

Item nameSpecified
substances

Solubility
in waterflammable

C12H17O7(NO2）3
Acetaldehyde
Propylene oxide
Class 1 petroleum
insoluble)
Gasoline
Pentane

CH3CHO

-38

175

0.783

SolubleOCH2CHCH3

-37

465

0.830

SolubleC5H12 to C9H20< -40

About 300

0.6 to 0.8

Insoluble

CH3(CH2)3CH3

< -40

308

0.631

Insoluble(water-—45—

Normal hexane

CH3(CH2)4CH3

-21.7

225

0.661

Insoluble

Isohexane(CH3)2CH(CH2)2CH3

< -29

260

0.669

Insoluble

OctaneCH3(CH2)6CH3

-16

232

0.706

Insoluble

Benzene

C6H6

-11

538

0.88

Insoluble

TolueneC6H5CH3

4

480

0.871

Insoluble

Ortho-xylene

C6H4(CH3)2

17

482

0.88

Insoluble

Isoprene

CH2C(CH3)CHCH2

-54

220

0.679

Insoluble

Propyl acetate

CH3COOC3H7

14

450

0.866

Insoluble

Isobutyl acetate

CH3COOCH2CH(CH3)2

18

423

0.871

Insoluble

Propyl formate

HCOOC3H7

-3

454.6

0.909

Insoluble

Acrylonitrile

CH2CHCN

0

481

0.80

SolubleVinyl acetate

CH3COOCHCH2

-8

427

0.93

SolubleMethyl acetate

CH3COOCH3

-10

501

0.925

Ethyl acetate

CH3COOC2H5

-4

427

0.899

Methyl formate

HCOOCH3

-19

449

0.975

Ethyl formate

HCOOC2H5

-20

455

0.922

Methyl ethyl ketone
C2H5COCH3Class 1 petroleum (watersoluble)
Acetone
CH3COCH3

-4

516

0.806

SolublePracticallyinsoluble
SolublePracticallyinsoluble
Soluble

-18

557.8

0.792

SolubleDiethylamine(C2H5)2NH

-18

350

0.71

SolubleTriethylamine(C2H5)3N

-7

384

0.73

SolubleAcetonitrile

CH3CN

13

525

0.785

SolubleCH<(CHCH)2>N

20

482

0.982

Soluble30 to 60254

<1Insoluble

50 to 70257

<1Insoluble

638

1.11

Insoluble

Pyridine
Class 2 petroleum
insoluble)
Kerosene(water-Diesel fuel
Chlorobenzene

C6H5Cl30

Amyl ether

C5H11OC5H11

57

Meta-xylene

C6H4(CH3)2

25

527

0.864

Insoluble

Paraxylene

C6H4(CH3)2

25

528

0.861

Insoluble<1

Insoluble
Practicallyinsoluble
Insoluble
Practicallyinsoluble

Coal tar (diesel fuel)0.78 to 0.80 Insoluble< 27

n-butyl acetate

CH3COOC4H922

Hexyl acetate

CH3COO(CH2)5CH3

45

Cellosolve acetate

CH3COOCH2,
CH2OC2H551

Ethyl silicate(C2H5)4SiO4

52

Methyl cellosolve acetate

CH3OCH2CH2

55

—46—

421

0.88
0.855

380

380

0.975

0.936

Degraded

1.005

SolubleOCOCH3n-butyl alcohol

CH3(CH2)2CH2OH

11.1 to 39

343 to 477

0.806

SolubleIsobutyl alcohol(CH3)2CHCH2OH

28

427

SolubleSec-butyl alcohol

CH3CH2CHOHCH3

24

414

0.805
0.808
0.812

n-amyl alcohol

CH3(CH2)3CH2OH

38

371

Fusel oil
C6H5CHCH2

Naphtha (coal tar)
Turpentine oil (α-pinene)

C10H16

Camphor oil
Pine oilClass 2 petroleum
soluble)Formic acid

Soluble

32

490

0.907

Practicallyinsoluble
Practicallyinsoluble
Insoluble

30 to 44482 to 510<1

Insoluble

35

240

<1

Insoluble

42

Stylene

to

0.817
0.814

47

0.87 to 0.96 Insoluble

54 to 78

0.86 to 0.87 Insoluble(waterHCOOH

69

601

1.218

SolubleC2H5O(CH2)2OH

40

238

0.931

SolubleCH3COOH

40

427

1.05

Soluble60 to 150

254 to 263

0.9 to 1

Insoluble

Creosote oil

74

336

>1

Insoluble

Spindle oil

76

247.4

<1

Cellosolve
Glacial acetic acid
Class 3 petroleum
insoluble)
Heavy oil(water-Aniline

C6H5NH2

75

770

1.022

Nitrobenzene

C6H5NO2

88

482

1.2

Insoluble
Practicallyinsoluble
Insoluble

Dibutyl phthalate (ortho)

C6H4(CO2C4H9)2

157 or higher 403

1.045

Insoluble

Dibutyl phthalate (meta)
C6H4(CO2C4H9)2Class 3 petroleum (watersoluble)
Glycerin
HOCH2CHOHCH2OH

161 or higher

Insoluble

160

370

1.26

SolubleTurbine oil

204

371

<1

Insoluble

Transformer oil

200 or higher

0.9

Insoluble

Class 4 petroleum

C6H4[CO2CH2CH(C2H5)C4H9]2

219

241

0.986

Insoluble

Methyl alcohol

CH3OH

11

385

0.792

SolubleEthyl alcohol

C2H5OH

13

423

0.79

SolubleN-propyl alcohol

CH3CH2CH2OH

15

371

0.804

SolubleIsopropyl alcohol(CH3)2CHOH

12

460

0.789

SolubleDioctyl phthalate
Alcohols—47—

Animal and vegetable oils
Coconut oil

216

320

0.91

Insoluble

Linseed oil

222

343

0.93

Insoluble

Castor oil

230

449

0.96 to 0.97 Insoluble

Olive oil

225

343

0.91

Insoluble

5. Class 5 hazardous substance (self-reactive substances) Table 5
These hazardous substances include gunpowders and explosives and are divided into Type 1 and Type 2
self-reactive substances with similar hazards to these.
i.Common characteristics
・ These substances are explosives.
・ Explodes violently with heat, shock, and friction.
・ Some substances contain oxygen.
・ The substances catch fire easily.
・ Combustion velocity is extremely fast.
・ Prolonged oxidation results in degradation and spontaneous combustion.
ii.Common storage and handling methods
・ Avoid heat, shock, and friction.
・ Keep away from flammable substances.
・ Avoid contact with other chemicals.
・ Store in a cool location.
・ Take care to avoid container breakage when handling.
・ Be careful of room temperature, humidity, and ventilation.
iii.Common fire extinguishing method
・ Cool with copious amount of water.
・ It is difficult to extinguish the fire on the most part.
・ Fire cannot be extinguished by suffocation.
iv.Characteristics by item name
〇Type 1 self-reactive substances・ Organic peroxides: Unlike inorganic peroxides in Class 1, ketone peroxides and benzoyl peroxides areflammable and explode with shock, etc. They also combust suddenly. Organic peroxides are used aspolymerization initiators and catalysts in synthetic chemistry, particularly in polymer chemistry.
Ketone peroxides are represented by R-CO-R'-O2, and those with methyl group at R and ethyl group at R’
are referred to as methyl ethyl ketone peroxides (MEKPO). These substances have a strong oxidizing
capacity; however, they combust spontaneously at the temperature of 40°C or higher. Meanwhile, they alsodegrade at ordinary temperature when in contact with waste cloths or other materials, with heat generation
followed by ignition.

—48—

Benzoyl peroxides are white granular crystals. They degrade in an explosive manner due to heat, shock
and friction and show strong oxidizing effect. Explosion may occur in such cases.
・ Nitrate esters: Nitrocellulose and ethyl nitrates fall under this category. Nitrocellulose is produced by thereaction of cellulose with nitric acid, and different properties can be obtained with different types of cellulose(fibrin) used as the raw material. In addition, various properties can be obtained by the degree of nitrification.
The substances explode with fire, heat, and shock. Nitrocellulose is an ingredient in gunpowder as well as
collodion listed as specific flammable substances in Class 4 hazardous substances.
Ethyl nitrate is liquid and has a high risk of catching fire. Cautions equivalent to the precautions forhandling specified for Class 1 petroleum are necessary.
・ Nitro compounds: This includes picric acid, nitroglycerin, and trinitrotoluene (TNT).
Picric acid is trinitrophenol and explodes violently with impact and friction when mixed with alcohol. It is
used as explosive in a similar manner to nitroglycerin and TNT.
・ Nitroso compounds: Hazardous substances include paradinitrosobenzene and nitrosamine. These
compounds include -NO groups, which are different to the nitro compounds that contain nitro group(-NO2).
Both of these types of compounds are organic compounds.
・ Azo compounds: These substances include azo group (-N=N-) bound to the C element on hydrocarbon
and refers to RN=NR’. If R and R’ are identical, the compounds are named “azo-”, and if R and R’ aredifferent, the compounds are named “ -azo- ”.
・ Diazo compounds: There are two types of diazo compounds. One of these is open chain compounds that
include the diazo group (=N2) bound to the C element. The other type is aromatic compounds with the H atomon the benzene ring replaced with (-N2). Reaction of aromatic primary amine with nitrous acid results indiazotization.
・ Hydroxylamine: White crystals. These are unstable at room temperature and undergo degradation andexplosion by heat. Even the 85% aqueous solution presents the descriptions of Type 1 self-reactive
substances.
〇Type 2 self-reactive substances
・ Hydrazine derivatives: Reaction with gelatin, dilute ammonia water, and sodium hypochlorite solution
results in N2H4, NaCl, H2O, and hydrazine N2H4 produced in this process creates acids and salts. Sulfate salt
(N2H4, H2SO4) is a hydrazine salt with relatively low solubility. Hydrazines are generally toxic, and theirderivatives are used as agricultural chemicals and catalysts.
・ Hydroxylamine salts: These substances are synthesized by the neutralization reaction betweenhydroxylamine and acids. Sulfate salts and hydrochloride salts are available. Aqueous solutions are strongly
acidic and corrosive to metals.
・ Azo compounds of metals: Metal compounds containing N3. These are compounds with direct
combination of metal and N3. Metals include Pb and Na, however the binding is unstable and are used as
detonators.

—49—

Table 5 Class 5 Hazardous Substances (Self-reactive Substances)
Ignition point Specific
Item nameChemical formula(°C)
gravity<<Type1
self-reactive
substances>>
Organic peroxides

Melting point Solubility(°C)
in water

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide R-CO-R-O2

205

1.13

-20

PartiallysolubleBenzoyl peroxide(H6H5CO)2O2

Thermally
degraded

1.334

103.5

Insoluble

Nitrocellulose[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n

160 to 170

Ethyl nitrate

C2H5ONO2

1.35
1.40
Flash point 10 1.11

Picric acidC6H2(OH)(NO2)3

300

1.77

122.5

SolubleTrinitrotoluene (TNT)C6H2(NO2)3CH3

230

1.65

81

Insoluble

164

Insoluble

1.64

106

Practicallyinsoluble

180

1.63

169

130

1.20

33

Practicallyinsoluble
SolubleN2H2-H2SO4

1.37

254
(degraded)

Practicallyinsoluble

H2SO4, (NH2OH)2

1.90

120

SolubleHCI, (NH2OH)2

1.67

152

SolubleNitrate esters
to

Insoluble
Insoluble

Nitro compounds

Nitroso compounds
Nitroso naphthol

C10H7NO2

Azo compounds
Azobisisobutyronitrile

C8H12N4

Diazo compounds
Diazodinitrophenol

C6H2N4O5

Hydroxylamine
NH2OH<<Type2
self-reactive
substances>>
Hydrazine derivatives
Hydrazine sulfate
Hydroxylamine salts
Hydroxylamine sulfate
Hydroxylaminehydrochloride
Azi compounds of metal
Zinc azide

Pb(N3)2

Sodium azide

NaN3

1.85

Guanidine nitrate

HN=C(NH2)2, HNO3

1.44

330

—50—

4.71
300
(degraded)
215

SolubleSoluble6.

Class 6 hazardous substance (oxidizing liquids) Table 6
Liquids with a strong oxidizing capacity. Oxidizing liquids themselves are noncombustible, however theycause combustion when in contact with flammable substances. They also often generate toxic gases. Care isrequired in handling as they corrode skin and metals. Note that hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are notincluded in this category.
i.Common characteristics
・ Do not combust on their own but help the combustion of other materials.
・ Cause oxidation when mixed with flammable substances. Generate toxic gases.
・ Harmful to the human body.
・ Generate heat when in contact with water.
・ React violently with metals and generate heat in this process.
ii.Common storage and handling methods
・ Avoid contact with the human body.
・ Wear protective clothes when handling these substances.
・ Keep away from other flammable substances and metals.
・ Containers resistant to breakage must be used.
・ Glass containers or similar must be used.
・ Avoid water and moisture in the air from entering the container.
iii.Common fire extinguishing method
・ Use dry sand, dry chemicals, etc.
・ Water must not be used.
・ Water in mist form may be used.
iv.Characteristics by item name・ Perchloric acid: Colorless liquid obtained by vacuum distillation of the mixture of potassium perchlorate andconcentrated sulfuric acid. Generates smoke in air with moisture. Explodes when in contact with organic
compounds.
・ Hydrogen peroxide: Colorless liquid that generates oxygen when in contact with manganese dioxide. It is
used as an oxidizer to oxidize ferrous ion and is also used as a reducing agent. Purposes of use include
bleach and rocket fuel.
・ Interhalogen compounds: Compounds produced between 5 halogen elements in Group VIIB of the periodic
table, namely fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
Oxidation reaction refers to the reaction with oxygen, however reactions, which involve the removal ofhydrogen at the same time, are also regarded as oxidation. Interhalogen compounds are oxidizing liquids ofthe latter type.

—51—

Table 6 Class 6 Hazardous Substances (Oxidizing Liquids)
Item nameChemical Ignition point
Melting point Solubility
Specific gravity
formula(°C)(°C)
in water

Perchloric acid

HClO4

1.76

-112

SolubleHydrogen peroxide

H2O2

1.46

-0.89

SolubleNitric acid
Interhalogen
compounds
Iodine pentafluoride

HNO3

1.53

-42

Soluble3.75

9.6

Soluble

IF5

40

III

Combination of Substances are Hazardous in Mixture
Hazardous substances may cause fire or explosion when mixed, and therefore require caution in handlingand storage. Combination of substances that are hazardous when mixed are shown as follow.
Class 1
Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Class 5Class 6

×

×

×

×

〇

×

〇

〇

×

〇

×

×

〇

×

Class 2×Class 3××

Class 4×〇〇Class 5

×

〇

×

〇

Class 6

〇

×

×

×

×
×

Remarks
1. Substances prohibited from mixed loading are shown with ✕.
2. Substances acceptable for mixed loading are shown with 〇.

IV

Indoor hazardous substances storage
With regards to the storage of hazardous substances designated in the Fire Services Act, stock in thelaboratory must be kept to the minimum required amount (check the maximum quantity specified for eachbuilding, floor, etc.) and the remaining amount must be stored in the indoor hazardous substances storage.
Note: For the maximum quantity, refer to Center for Environment and Safety website, Safety activities andmanagement > Fire Services Act and hazardous substances “Storage of Hazardous Substances”.
There are 4 hazardous substance storage locations at Koganei Campus as permitted by the fire
department, and this is referred to as “indoor hazardous substance storage”. If large amounts of hazardous
substances are available, they must be stored in this storage location. In order to use the storage location,
application must be submitted to the head of the respective department and facility, and the substance must
be stored in a specified location according to the rule of storage use (hazardous substances for storage andthe maximum storage quantity applicable are specified for each storage, and these must be checked with the
manager and used in accordance with the instructions provided). Also, entry and removal of hazardous
substances in these storages must be conducted with a qualified hazardous materials handler or a person
designated as hazardous materials security supervisor.
The substances to be stored in each storage and the limits of storage quantity are shown in Tables 7 to 10.
Substances that are not designated as hazardous substances in the Fire Services Acts must not be stored in
the indoor hazardous substances storage.

—52—

Table 7 Mechanical and System Engineering Experiment Building, North Side
Clas Prope
CategorysrtyFlammable liquid

Class 4

Specified
flammable
substancesClass 1petroleum

Alcohols

Class 2petroleum

Class 3
petroleum

Class 4
petroleum
Animal andvegetable oils

Item name (solvent
name)

Designated Maximum storage
Factorquantity (liter) quantity (liter)

Ether

50

HexaneWaterinsoluble

200

Heptane""Ethyl acetate""

Petroleum ether""

Benzene""Toluene""Cyclohexane""

AcetoneWatersoluble

400

Tetrahydrofuran""

Dioxane""Methanol400

Ethanol"

Propanol"Kerosene

1,000

Xylene"Dibutyl ether"

Liquid paraffin
Ethylene glycol

Waterinsoluble
Watersoluble

160

3.20
3.00

600

0.90
360

0.63
250
0.10
100

0.05

2,000
100
4,000

0.03

Polyethylene glycol

6,000

0.02

Silicon oil"

Vacuum pump oil"

Soybean oil

10,000Total factor

—53—

100

100

0.01
7.94

Table 8 Building No. 4 North Side Courtyard
Class Property Category

Designated Maximum storage
Factorquantity (liter) quantity (liter)

Item name (solvent name)Flammable liquid

Class 4

Specified
flammable Ether
substancesClass 1petroleum

50160

3.2000HexaneWater200
insoluble

162

0.8100Ethyl acetate

"

200

126

0.6300Benzene

"

200

72

0.3600Toluene

"

200

72

0.3600Petroleum ether, gasoline,
heptane, cyclohexane,"
acrylonitrile

200

405

2.0250AcetoneWatersoluble

400

216

0.5400Dioxan, tetrahydrofuran,acetonitrile

"

400

216

0.5400Alcohols

Ethanol, methanol, 1- and2-propanol

400

300

0.7500Class 2petroleum

Xylene, kerosene, dibutyl
ether, dimethylformamide,
acetic acid

1,000

94

0.0940Class 3
petroleum

Liquid paraffin, glycerin,
ethylene glycol

2,000

72

0.0360Class 4
petroleum

Silicon oil, vacuum pumpoil, polyethylene glycol

6,000

90

0.015010,00072

0.0072

Animal andvegetable Soybean oil
oils

Total factor—54—

9.3672

Table 9 Building No. 10 North Courtyard
Class

Pyrophoric substances and waterprohibitive solids/liquids

Room No. 1, Class 3, 1.35

Flammable liquid

Room No. 2, Class 4, 1.44

Potassium

Potassium

Maximum
Designatedstorage quantity Factor
quantity (liter)(liter)101
0.1

Sodium

Sodium10

2

0.2

Trimethylaluminum

10

2

2

10

2

0.2

Diethyl ethoxy aluminum

10

4

0.4

Sodium naphthalene

10

1

0.1

Yellow phosphorus

20

2

0.1

Lithium aluminum
hydride

50

2

0.04

50

0.5

0.01

50

18

0.36

200

18

0.09

Water- 200
insolub
200
le
200

18

0.09

18

0.09

18

0.09

72

0.18

AcetoneWater- 400
soluble 400

72

0.18

Methanol

400

72

0.18

Ethanol

400

72

0.18

Diethyl ether

50

18

0.36

Benzene

200

18

0.09

TolueneWater- 200
insolub
200
le
200

18

0.09

18

0.09

18

0.09

72

0.18

AcetoneWater- 400
soluble 400

72

0.18

Methanol

400

72

0.18

Ethanol

400

72

0.18

Prop
Category
erty

Item name (solvent
name)Alkyl aluminum Triethylaluminum
Organic metalcompounds
Yellow
phosphorus
Metal hydrides

Calcium/alumin
Calcium carbide
um carbides
Specified
flammable
Diethyl ether
substances
BenzeneTolueneClass 1petroleum

HexaneEthyl acetate
Tetrahydrofuran

Alcohols
Flammable liquid

Room No. 3, Class 4, 1.44

Specified
flammable
substancesClass 1petroleum

HexaneEthyl acetate
Tetrahydrofuran

Alcohols—55—Flammable liquid

Room No. 4, Class 4, 5.76

Specified
flammable
substances

Diethyl ether

50

72

1.44

Benzene

200

72

0.36

200

90

0.45

200

72

0.36

200

90

0.45

400

90

0.225

400

450

1.125

Methanol

400

270

0.675

Ethanol

400

270

0.675

TolueneClass 1petroleum

HexaneEthyl acetate
Tetrahydrofuran
AcetoneAlcohols

Waterinsoluble

Watersoluble

Total factor

—56—

9.99

Table 10 Building No. 1 Indoors
Class Property Category

Specified
Diethyl ether
flammable
substances Pentane

50
Water200
insoluble
Water200
insoluble
Water200
insoluble
Water200
insoluble
Water200
insoluble
Water200
insoluble
Water200
solubleWater400solubleWater400soluble
400

18

0.36

270

1.35

20

0.10

40

0.20

40

0.20

180

0.90

50

0.25

18

0.09

40

0.10

240

0.60

180

0.45

Ethanol

400

270

0.675

n-Propanol

400

36

0.09

Isopropanol

400

36

0.09

18

0.018

18

0.018

HexaneHeptaneBenzol (benzene)
Toluol (toluene)
Class 1petroleum

Ethyl acetate
Gasoline
Acetonitrile
Tetrahydrofuran
AcetoneClass 4

Flammable liquid

MethanolAlcohols

Acetic acid
Class 2petroleum

Xylene

1000

18

0.018

Kerosene

1000

18

0.018

36

0.018

54

0.0135

36

0.009

36

0.006

6000

30

0.005

6000

30

0.005

10000

72

0.0072Glycerin
Ethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol

Class 4
petroleum

Water1000
insoluble
1000

Dimethylformamide

Methylglutaronitrile
Class 3
petroleum

Maximum
Designatedstorage quantity Factor
quantity (liter)(liters)
50
220
4.40

Item name (solvent name)

Water2000
insoluble
Water4000
solubleWater4000
soluble6000

Silicon oil

Vacuum pump oil
Animal andvegetable Soybean oil
oils

Total factor

—57—

9.99

Handling of poisons and deleterious
substances
Poisons and deleterious substances must be managed with appropriate handling as stipulated in the
Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act (Act No. 303, 1950). However, due to the frequent
occurrence of incidents involving poison contamination, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology and relevant authorities decided to further enforce the “appropriate management of poisonsand deleterious substances”.
Management of poisons and deleterious substances at this university is implemented according to the“Rules on the Handling of Poisons and Deleterious Substances at Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology” established on April 1, 2004. In this section, the key points implemented at Koganei Campus will
be explained.
1. With regards to the handling of poisons and deleterious substances, a control manager and a handlingmanager are appointed at Koganei Campus.
The control manager is appointed by the dean of the Graduate School of Engineering or director of BASE.
Control manager provides information, education, and training on the handling to those involved inexperiments that use poisons and deleterious substances, as well as to direct and supervise the control ofpoisons and deleterious substances. At present, the chairperson of Koganei Environment, Health, and Safety
Committee is in charge of this role.
The handling manager is a faculty member in charge of providing guidance or conducting experiments thatuse poisons and deleterious substances and refers to the person who submits the “Application for Permission
to Use Poisons and Deleterious Substances” (Attachment 1) and receives the “Approval for the use of
Poisons and Deleterious Substances and Notification on the Designation of a Handling Manager” (Attachment2). In cases where there are risks of poisons and deleterious substances being stolen, misplaced, or cause
scattering, leakage, spillage, or seepage, and absorption poses a risk to public health, the handling managers
must conduct the necessary actions to prevent harm and submit a notification to the control manager.
2. Storage cabinets for poisons and deleterious substances must be separate storage from general reagentsand must be robust. The cabinets must be locked to prevent theft, with the keys controlled by the handlingmanager. If poisons and deleterious substances are stored in a refrigerator, the entire refrigerator must be
locked. In addition, the storage cabinet must display the text “Poisons” in white text over a red background for
poisons, or the text “Deleterious substances” in red text over a white background for deleterious substances.
Ensure that poisons and deleterious substances purchased are registered to the drug control system (IASO).
IASO(URL) https://web.tuat.ac.jp/~kankyou/IASO/IASOindex.htm
3. The handling manager must have the usage register available to keep track of the amount in the inventory
and the amount used, and periodically check the quantity of poisons and deleterious substances in storage(poisons managed by the amount used and remaining amount, and deleterious substances controlled bynumber of bottles) against the usage register. It is possible to record the apparent remaining amounts ofpoisons and deleterious substances in IASO, however there is difficulty in recording the information required
for the usage register (date of use, person used, purpose of use, etc.). For this reason, the handling manager
must separately prepare a usage register. If poisons and deleterious substances are stolen or misplaced, thismust be notified immediately to the control manager and the provided instructions must be followed.
Furthermore, poisons and deleterious substances that are stored over prolonged periods, which are notexpected to be used in the future, must be discarded promptly.
*What are poisons and deleterious substances?
Extremely large numbers of chemicals are used at the university, and the laws relating to individual
chemicals are diverse, including the “Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act”, “Pharmaceutical
Affairs Law”, “Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law”, “Fire Services Act hazardous substancesclassification”, and “Industrial Safety and Health Law”. While poisons and deleterious substances can be
simply defined as chemicals stipulated in the “Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act”, it ismeaningless to list the individual chemicals. Therefore, in this section, explanation will be provided on how to
distinguish the types of chemicals involved.
All chemicals have labels that display the legally appropriate information on each product as well as
specification values and precautions for handling (Figure 2). In addition to this, recent product labels include
symbols indicating the hazard associated with the product for safety in handling (Figure 2). The meaning ofeach symbol is shown in Table 11. With regards to the poisons and deleterious substances mentioned—58—

previously, “highly toxic” shown with a skeleton is generally applicable to poisons, and “toxic” marked with across is generally applicable to deleterious substances.
The display and other information provided above must be used as a reference for safe handling in the use
and disposal of poisons and deleterious substances.

Displayed according to the Industrial Safety and Health Act

SymbolDisplayed according to the
Poisonous and Deleterious
Substances Control Act

Displayed according to the Fire Services Act
Figure 2 Chemical Labels
Table 11 Symbols Displayed on Chemical Labels
Symbol(including the signal words for
Details of hazards
details of hazards)
Explosion occurs withshock, friction, heat, etc.
Explosive

Extremely flammable

Flammable

Applicable items in the domestic laws andregulations(1) Gunpowder and explosives in Paragraph 1,
Article 2 of the Explosives Control Act(2) High pressure gas stipulated in Article 2 of theHigh-Pressure Gas Safety Act

Extremely flammableliquids [liquids with flash(1) Type 4 specified flammable substances in the
point of < -20°C and boiling
Fire Services Act
point of ≤ 40°C, or ignition
point of ≤ 100°C]

Flammable liquid(1) Class 4 petroleum No. 1, alcohols, and Class[liquids with flash point of <2 petroleum in the Fire Services Act
70°C]

—59—

Flammability(1) Class 2 flammable solids in the Fire Services
Solids that easily catch fireActor are flammable at low(2) Flammable gases stipulated in Attached Table
temperatures, as well as
1 No. 5 of the Order for Enforcement of the
flammable gases.
Industrial Safety and Health Act

The substances combust
spontaneously in air.
Pyrophoric

Water-prohibitive

Oxidizing

Self-reactive

Highly toxic

Toxicity(1) Class 3 pyrophoric substances in the Fire
Services Act(2) Substances listed in the item name column ofthe section of pyrophoric substances in Attached
Table 6 of the Notification of the Regulations for
the Carriage and Storage of Dangerous Goods in
Ship (excluding pyrogenic substances and otherpyrophoric substances)(1) Class 3 water-prohibitive substances in theFire Services Act
The substances combust (2) Substances listed in the item name column ofwhen in contact with water the section of other flammable substances inor may generate
Attached Table 6 of the Notification of the
flammable gases.
Regulations for the Carriage and Storage ofDangerous Goods in Ship (excluding otherflammable substances)(1) Class 1 oxidizing solids and Class 6 oxidizing
liquids in the Fire Services Act
Causes combustion or(2) Substances listed in the item name column of
explosion when mixed with the oxidizers section in Attached Table 7 of the
flammable substances.
Notification of the Regulations for the Carriage
and Storage of Dangerous Goods in Ship(excluding other oxidizers)
Generates large amount ofheat or causes explosive (1) Class 5 self-reactive substances in the Fire
progression of reaction
Services Act
due to heat, shock, etc.
(1) Poisons in the Poisonous and Deleterious
Substances Control Act
Highly harmful and may(2) Substances not applicable to the Poisonous
result in death whenand Deleterious Substances Control Act but are
swallowed, inhaled, or inlisted in the item name column of Attached Table
contact with the skin.
4 of the Notification of the Regulations for the[Reference] LD50: ≤ 30
Carriage and Storage of Dangerous Goods in
mg/kg (rat, oral)
Ship (excluding other poisons) that are regarded
as highly toxic(*)(1) Poisons in the Poisonous and Deleterious
Substances Control Act
Harmful when swallowed,(2) Substances not applicable to the Poisonous
inhaled, or contact with theand Deleterious Substances Control Act but areskin.
listed in the item name column of Attached Table[Reference] LD50: 30 to ≤4 of the Notification of the Regulations for the
300 mg/kg
Carriage and Storage of Dangerous Goods in(rat, oral)
Ship (excluding other poisons) that are regarded
as toxic(*)—60—

Hazardous

Irritation(1) Substances not applicable to the Poisonousand Deleterious Substances Control Act but arelisted in the item name column of Attached Table
4 of the Notification of the Regulations for the
Carriage and Storage of Dangerous Goods in
Ship (excluding other poisons) that are regarded
May be harmful when
as hazardous
swallowed, inhaled, or in(2) Existing chemical substances with confirmed
contact with the skin.
mutagenicity as announced in the Labour[Reference] LD50: 200 to ≤ Standards Bureau Notification No. 51 dated
2000 mg/kg
February 10, 1992
(rat, oral)(3) New chemical substances with confirmed
mutagenicity as announced in the Labour
Standards Bureau Notification No. 414-3 dated
June 25, 1991
(4) Type 2 specified chemical substances anddesignated chemical substances stipulated in
Article 2 of the Chemical Substance Control Law
May cause irritation suchas pain in the skin, eye,respiratory organs, etc.

No relevant laws and regulations

The substances corrode
the skin, devices, etc.

(1) Substances listed in the item name column ofAttached Table 3 of the Notification of theRegulations for the Carriage and Storage ofDangerous Goods in Ship (excluding othercorrosive substances)

Corrosivity—61—

Attachment 1
Date (M/D/Y)://
Application for Permission to Use Poisons and Deleterious Substances
To: Koganei Control Manager
We hereby submit an application for permission to use poisons and deleterious substances at thelaboratory.
The following precautions will be adhered to strictly for the use of these substances, and efforts will bemade to prevent the misplacement and theft of the substances.

*Precautions
1. The substances will be stored in a secure, dedicated storage cabinet fitted with devices to prevent falling,
and displays warning of poisons and deleterious substances will be made.
2. A register for incoming/outgoing poisons and deleterious substances will be made available, and periodic
confirmation of quantity will be conducted for purchase and use of the substances, as well as those not in use.
3. Strict control system will be implemented to prevent the misplacement and theft of the substances, and if
the substances are stolen or misplaced, this will be reported immediately to the control manager.

4. If accidents or disasters occur and the scattering, leakage, spillage or seepage, and absorption of thesubstances pose a risk to public health, necessary actions to prevent the harm will be implemented and theincident will be reported immediately to the control manager .

Name of department or specialization

Applicant

—62—

Seal

Attachment 2
DD/MM/YYYY
To: Poisons and Deleterious Substances Handling Manager

Koganei Control Manager

Approval for the use of Poisons and Deleterious Substances and Notification on the Designation ofHandling Manager
The use of poisons and deleterious substances at the laboratory will be approved, and the poisons anddeleterious substance handling manager will be designated as shown below. The precautions provided in the
Application for Permission to Use Poisons and Deleterious Substances must be strictly adhered to, and any
incidents must be reported immediately.

Name of department or specialization

Handling manager—63—

Handling of experimental wastes and waste
liquids
Conduct of experiments always involves the generation of a certain amount of experimental wastes andwaste liquids to be discharged. These often contain toxic or hazardous substances, and leaving the wastes
standing, disposing of these wastes with general wastes, and release into sewage lead to environmental
contamination or harm to humans. For this reason, individual persons must take the utmost care in thehandling of experimental wastes and waste liquids. The handling of experimental wastes and waste liquids will
be explained in this section.
1. Handling of experimental wastes(1) Injection needles, etc.
Injection needles and syringes used for experiments must not be discarded together with general waste.
Disposal should be consigned to the specified contractor after a certain amount has been accumulated.
(2) Experimental animals.
Disposal of experimental animals should be consigned to the specified contractor.
(3) Check with the Accounting Section (7004) for information on the contractors in (1) and (2).
(4) Reagent bottles
Remove the labels and clean the contents, then dispose of at the time of collection performed a few times
every year. Care must be taken as these cannot be disposed of in general non-combustible waste boxes.
(Depending on the type of content, the washing should be retrieved and disposed of as experimental waste
liquid as explained in “Handling of waste liquids” below) Disposal of the reagents themselves should beconsigned to the specified contractor.
(5) Fluorescent lamps and dry batteries
Used fluorescent lamps and dry batteries should be disposed of separately in a dedicated box in thetemporary waste storage on the north side of the radiation laboratory.
2. Handling of waste liquids
Waste liquids generated at the university are collected into polyethylene tanks at each campus, then thedisposal is consigned to the external waste liquid processing contractor for incineration or water treatment at
specialized plants. For this reason, the handling of waste liquids is specified as follows.
Guide for the handling of waste liquids, etc.
1)
Treatment of waste liquids, etc.
Waste liquids, etc. must be stored separately according to detailed classifications as suitable for theprocessing device of each liquid and for the purpose of safety in storage. Classified storage of waste liquids isthe minimum responsibility of the persons involved in waste discharge. It is important to fully recognize this as
the starting point of the processing operation and store the liquids separately without error.
2)
Classified storage of waste liquids, etc.
(1) Category for classified storage
Categories of waste liquids are shown in (Table 12). Waste liquids, etc. must be stored separately in thedesignated container as shown in the classification.
Containers of flammable organic waste liquids and inorganic waste liquids must be filled up to 2/3 capacity,and other waste liquids and wastewater must be filled up to 3/4 capacity. The liquids must be stored with thelid closed.

—64—

(2) Inorganic waste liquids
A. Inorganic mercury waste liquids
Note: Only inorganic mercury is applicable to this storage classification. Organic mercury must be madeinorganic by oxidation treatment at the source (treatment for 2 to 3 days in the mixture with chromic acid)before storage. Metal mercury (generated by the breakage of fluorescent lamp, germicidal lamp, thermometer,etc.) must be stored separately by immersing in water, etc. to prevent loss through volatilization. See (6).
Utmost care must be taken for storage in the laboratory.
B. Heavy metal and chromium waste liquids (acidic)
Note: Heavy metal waste liquids and chromium waste liquids must be stored together. However, mixed
chromic acid waste liquids and permanganate waste liquids in large quantities must be stored separately.
Heavy metals refer to Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and other toxic heavy metals. If the content of organic
matter is 10% or higher, this will be handled as water-mixed organic waste liquids (Q). Substances that form
complexes with metals, such as ammonia and amine, and liquid containing chelating agents will also be
handled as water-mixed organic waste liquids (Q). (See (7)-C for content less than 10%)

Inorganic

Coprecipitation and electrolytic floatation
treatment

Table 12 Table of the Category for Classified Storage of Waste Liquids
Treatm Classi Category for classified
Categ Details
Containerent
ficatio storage
ory
color
catego ncodeclassificationry
MercuryA
Aqueous solution containing mercury salt Yellow
B

CyanideC

Arsenic

D

Alkaline (pH > 10) aqueous solution Gray
containing arsenic compounds

Cyanide complex

E

FluorineF

Alkaline (pH > 10) aqueous solution Black
containing cyanide complex (excluding
persistent cyanide complex)
Aqueous solution of fluoride compounds Purple
that can be precipitated as calcium salt,
phosphoric acid
Hydrocarbon, ester, ketone, alcohol, Red
organic acid (to be neutralized), etc.

Flammability

Organic

Combustion treatment

Heavy metals and chromium

General waste organic L
solvent
Waste oilM

Nitrogen-containing
waste solutions

N

Sulfur- and phosphorus- O
containing
waste
solvents

Aqueous solution containing toxic metals Green
including cadmium, lead, chromium,copper, zinc, iron, and manganese,
chromic acid waste liquids, nitric acid,sulfuric acid, etc.
Alkaline (pH > 10) aqueous solution Blue
containing cyanide compounds

Kerosene, heavy oil, machine oil, liquid Orange
paraffin, grease, animal and vegetableoils, etc.
Pyridine, aniline, acetonitrile, formamide, Brown
etc.
Sulfolane,
dimethylsulfoxide, Pink
hexamethyl phosphamide, etc.

—65—

P

Chloroform, etc.

Q

Photographic waste
liquids
Specified hazardous
substances

R

Scrubber waste liquid

U

Aqueous solutions of organicWhite
compounds, organic solvents containing
water, etc.
Waste liquids from development andstopping (excluding fixing solution)
Solutions containing specified
Blue and red
hazardous substances including(two colors)benzene, methylene chloride, carbon
tetrachloride
Excluding those allowed for discharge
Yellow andafter neutralization treatment
black (twocolors)Fire resistant

Halogen-containing
waste solvents
Water-mixed organic
waste liquids

OthersZ

Yellow green

C. Cyanide (alkaline)
Alkaline aqueous solution (pH > 10) containing cyanide compounds
D. Arsenic (alkaline)
Alkaline aqueous solution (pH > 10) containing arsenic compounds
E. Cyan complex (alkaline)
Alkaline (pH > 10) aqueous solution containing cyanide complex (excluding persistent cyanide
complex)F. Fluorine waste water (alkaline)
Note: Aqueous solution of fluorine compounds that can be precipitated as calcium salt
(3) Flammable organic waste liquids
L. General organic waste solventsi) Aliphatic hydrocarbon: Petroleum ether, cyclohexane, etc.
ii) Aliphatic oxygen-containing compounds: Alcohol, ketone, ester, etc.
iii) Aromatic compounds: Toluene, xylene, etc.
Note: Benzene must be stored separately as it is applicable to (5) specified hazardous substances.
iv) Organic acid (to be neutralized): Acetic acid, formic acid, etc.
v) Phenols: Phenol, cresol, etc.
Note: Substances with a low flash point, such as diethyl ether, peroxides, and compounds that readily
produce peroxides must be stored separately. See (6).
M. Waste oilsi) Kerosene, disease fuel, turpentine oil, etc.
ii) Heavy oil, vacuum pump oil, lubricant oil, grease, motor oil, liquid paraffin, etc.
iii) Animal and vegetable oils
Note: Substances with high viscosity should be diluted with kerosene or waste solvent (50 c.p. or lower).
Those containing solid matter (such as metal shavings) should be filtered through a 100-mesh wire mesh toremove the solid matter before storage.
N. Nitrogen-containing waste solventsi) Aliphatic and aromatic nitrogen compounds: Acetonitrile, amine, amide, pyridine, aniline, etc.
Note: Explosive compounds such as nitrate ester, poly-nitro compounds, and organic azides must be
stored separately. See (6).
Note: Excludes substances that are harmful to health, such as benzidine. Utmost care must be taken to
avoid mixing with halogen-containing waste solvents (P).

—66—

O. Sulfur- and phosphorus-containing waste solventsi) Sulfur-containing waste solvents: Mercaptan, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.
ii) Phosphorus-containing waste solvents: Hexamethyl phosphamide, etc.
Note: Utmost care must be taken to avoid mixing with halogen-containing waste solvents (P).
(4) Fire resistant organic waste liquids
P. Halogen-containing waste solventsi) Aliphatic halogen compounds: Chloroform, etc.
Note: Methylene chlorides, carbon tetrachloride, etc. must be stored separately as it is applicable to (5)specified hazardous substances.
ii) Aromatic halogen compounds: Chlorobenzene, benzyl chloride, etc.
Note: PCB and substances containing PCB must be stored separately. Dichloroacetic acid andtrifluoroacetic acid must be neutralized before storage. Mixture of halide solvents and other organic solvents isclassified as this category for storage.
Q. Water-mixed organic waste liquidsi) Aqueous solutions of organic compoundsii) Organic solvents with high water content
Note: This includes waste liquids of persistent cyan complex and organic metals (chelate, etc.) (excludingorganic mercury) Solvent that does not mix with water must be separated and stored separately under theapplicable categories.
R. Photographic waste liquidsi) Waste liquids in developmentii) Waste liquids in stopping
Note: Waste fixing solution must be stored separately for the collection of silver.
(5) Specified hazardous substances
Z. Specified hazardous substances
Organic waste liquids with high content of the following specified hazardous substances must be stored
separately from (3) and (4) above.
・ Trichlorethylene
・ Cis-1,2-dichlorethylene
・ Tetrachlorethylene
・ 1,1,1-trichloroethane・

Methylene chloride (dichloromethane) ・1,1,2-trichloroethane・

Carbon tetrachloride

・

1,3-dichloropropene

・

1,2-dichloroethane・

Benzene・

1,1-dichloroethylene

・Organic phosphorus (agricultural chemical)(6) Scrubber waste liquid
U. Scrubber waste liquid
Note: If strong acids or strong alkali are contained, pH must be measured beforehand and notified at the timeof collection.
(Strong acids and strong alkali may cause chemical reactions in a large tank)(7) Excluded wastes
Substances that are highly toxic, hazardous, or dangerous as shown in [Table 13] and the waste liquids
containing these substances are excluded from uniform processing at the facility. These substances must be
disposed of separately under the responsibility of the generating department in accordance with laws andregulations.

—67—

Table 13 Excluded Wastes (for Separate Treatment)
Specified hazardous and toxic substances

Highly flammable,
substances

combustible,

Radioactive substancesor

Metal mercury and amalgam; osmium, beryllium,
thallium, selenium, and their compounds, nickel
carbonyl, alkyl aluminum, PCB, simazine, thiobencarb,
thiuram, etc.
Diethyl ether and other highly flammable or
combustible substances equivalent to specified
explosive
flammable
substances;
explosive
substances
including poly-nitro compounds, organic peroxides,
and organic azides
Radioactive substances and radioactive contaminants

The following waste must be handled as explained below.
(i) Mercury (excluding inorganic mercury): Notify the Accounting Section when a certain amount of waste has
accumulated. The waste will be gathered and processed for the entire department.
(ii) PCB: If waste is generated, notify the Accounting Section and ask for the instructions regarding the methodof treatment.
(8) General precautions for the classified storage of waste liquids(Inorganic)a) Solid matter (crystals, deposits, glass fragments, metal fragments, paper fragments, etc.) in the waste
liquid may cause a malfunction in the heavy metal treatment device. Filter with a 50 to 60 mesh wire meshor 4 to 5 layers of gauze or equivalent before storage.
b) Do not mix the following substances for transfer to the storage container.
(A) Peroxides and organic matter(B) Cyanide compounds, sulfides, and hypochlorites with acids(C) Volatile acids such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acidWith non-volatile acids(D) Ammonium salt and volatile amine salt with alkalic) Waste liquids containing heavy metals and organic waste solution must be handled as waste liquids
containing heavy metals as a general rule. However, since a high content of organic waste solution causes
problem in wastewater processing, waste liquid with 10% or higher concentration of organic waste solution
must be stored in the storage container for flammable or fire-resistant organic waste solvents. If theconcentration of organic waste solution is low, adsorb in advance by adding activate charcoal, then remove
the activated charcoal and transfer to a heavy metal storage container.
d) The device pipeline is made of vinyl chloride, therefore organic solvents that do not mix with water(chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, etc.), which may damage the pipeline, must be prevented from entering thepipeline.
(Organic)a) Solid matter (deposits, floating materials) in the waste liquids causes clogging of the strainer during the
combustion treatment. All waste liquids containing solid matter must be filtered with 80 to 100 wire mesh(wire mesh available at the facility at all times may be used. Mesh size must be 0.147 mm) before storage.
b) Acidic waste liquids containing inorganic and organic acids must be neutralized with sodium carbonate orsimilar materials and filtered before storage as these cause corrosion in the device.
c) Waste liquids separated into two phases must be isolated and stored separately.

—68—d) Highly viscous waste liquids must be diluted with kerosene or waste solvents so that the viscosity is not
more than 30 to 50 c.p.
Consult the Accounting Section if there are any questions regarding the classified storage of waste liquids,etc.
(9) Concentration of waste liquids for storage and storage limits
・ Storage is required for waste liquids and at least the first washings of the containers. Second andsubsequent washings must be stored for substances with particularly high toxicity and substances with strict
wastewater standards (see Table 14).
・ Containers of organic waste liquids that are insoluble in water and highly toxic must be cleaned withsolvents such as alcohol and acetone before washing with water.
・ Dilute aqueous solutions of biodegradable substances such as alcohol, glycerin, acetone, fatty acids, andamino acids that do not contain other organic substances may be discharged in the sewer.
・ Dilute solutions of acids and alkali such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassiumhydroxides that do not contain other hazardous substance may be discharged in the sewer after adjusting the
pH to 5.8 to 8.6 under the responsibility of the persons involved.
(10) Storage container and display for waste liquids, etc.
For safety and convenience in transportation and treatment of waste liquids, designated polyethylene
containers such as that shown below must be used (for provisional measures, large polyethylene containers
with chemical resistance equivalent to the designated container with high mechanical strength may be used),
and the necessary items must be displayed on the container.
a) Container
Waste liquids: White polyethylene tank (10 L or 20 L in volume, with inner lid and packings intact)b) Display (see Figure 3)
The following display must be made on the container for storage and transportation.
i) Display for classified storage and color label of the category according to Table 12.
ii) Display of faculty, department, laboratory name, etc.
iii) Attachment of waste liquid treatment slip (B) with the necessary items recorded
Integrity of packing, inner lid, etc.
Color coding according to the waste
liquid classification table

ExampleMercury(Category for(Categoryclassified storage) code)

Faculty
Department
Laboratory
Attach the treatment slip(B) before transporting to
the facility to display thedetails

Display the category for classified storage andcategory code (shown in the example to the right)
Display the faculty, department, andlaboratory nameFigure 3 Container for Classified Storage
Note: Tapes for display must be prepared under the responsibility of the persons involved, and the required
form (slip) will be made available at all times at the Koganei Accounting Office.

—69—

3. Transfer to the facility and handover(1) Receipt
Waste liquids, etc. after storage must be transported in the polyethylene tank at the designated date,time, and location. Waste liquids handling manager must be in attendance for collection.
(2) Handover・ For scrubber waste liquids, the laboratory name and number of tanks must be declared to the person in
charge of administration.
・ Care must be taken as waste liquids may not be collected if there are deficiencies in category, lack ofclarity in the contents, or if the waste liquids cannot be processed.
Table 14 Sewage Discharge Standards at the University
Applicable substance or item

Applicable substance or item
0.1

Cyanide1

Organic phosphorus

1

Lead

0.1

Hexavalent chromium

0.5

Arsenic

0.1

Total mercury

0.005

Alkyl mercury

Not detected

PCB

0.003

Environmental items, etc.

Hazardous substances

Cadmium

Total chromium

2

Copper3

Zinc

2

Phenols

5

Iron

10

Manganese

10

Fluoride

15

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) 600
Suspended solids (SS)Normalhexane600

Mineral oil

5

Animal andvegetable oils

30

Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) 5 to 9

—70—

Temperature< 45°C

Iodine consumption

220

Safety in biological experiments
The precautions in biological experiments are similar to those in chemistry experiments but include several
others specific to biology experiments. The main precautions are as follows:I
Precautions for Preventing Accidents in Basic Operations
Biology experiments rarely use strong oxidizing agents, pyrophoric substances, or the like but often use
substances toxic to living organisms, including humans. It is important to check in advance with the “Merck
Index” and other sources for the toxicity of reagents. Engineering research institutes are allowed to conduct
experiments using radioisotopes (RIs) only in their radiation laboratories, which are joint-use facilities. Refer tothe section on our radiation laboratory on page 121 onwards.
(1) Precautions for the use of centrifuges
Centrifuges are used to perform rapid separations of difficult-to-separate liquids and solids or between liquids
different in specific gravity. Centrifuges vary in revolving speed, ranging from 1,000 rpm to several thousandrpm. An operational anomaly in high-speed revolving equipment with a large mass, such as centrifuges, would
lead to a major accident. Any parts of such equipment, if scattered with bullet-like force, would cause personal
and property damage. Therefore, the following precautions should be kept in mind:
Carefully read the operating manual before starting the machine.
Be sure to ground the main unit of the centrifuge before use.
Perform start-up operation of the machine and safety devices.
Before turning the swing rotor, always remove the rotor for operation.
Check the rotor for any signs of corrosion or scratches.
Be sure to adjust the balancing.
Do not operate the rotor beyond its allowable revolving speed.
Stay close to the machine during work.
Do not touch the machine when it is revolving.
Do not attempt to stop the machine with your hands.
Immediately stop operation and contact the person responsible for the machine or the manufacturer for
instructions if any anomaly (such as abnormal noise) occurs during the operation of the machine.
Keep operation logs without fail.
Be sure to avoid unbalanced operations.
Maintenance and inspection of the rotor
Especially where a supercentrifuge is used, you must be aware that failure to perform maintenance work on it
will lead to a broken rotor during centrifuge operation.
Service life: A rotor gradually loses strength due to material fatigue and friction during repetitive use.
Therefore, it has a predetermined service life. Typically, the number of revolutions used, and the number ofhours turned are added up, respectively. If either of these numbers reaches the numerical value (primary life)
given in the manual, the rotor is operated at a revolving speed 10% below the maximum revolving speed.
When the rotor goes further and reaches the predetermined numerical value (secondary life), no further use of
it is allowed. Be careful that some rotors (titanium alloy-made) have only the primary life.
An aluminum rotor will corrode if not sufficiently maintained. A corroded tube insertion hole, in particular, willcause damage to the rotor and should be paid attention to.
A rotor requires a check every 100 hours of use. A rotor’s holes, especially tube holes and tapered bottom
holes, show a large decrease in strength when corroded and must be carefully checked. Discolorations,dents, cracks, and other anomalies on the surface serve as signs of corrosion. Do not use a rotor if it is foundto be corroded.

—71—

・ For more details, refer to the machine’s manual.
(2) Precautions for the use of UV irradiation devices
・ Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation devices are used mainly to detect ethidium bromide-stained DNAs. Direct eye
exposure to ultraviolet (UV) may cause eye watering or temporary or permanent blindness. Skin exposure
may also result in sunburns or blisters. Always wear protective goggles and carefully avoid exposing the skindirectly to ultraviolet.
(3) Precautions for the use of freezers and deep freezers
・ Wear hand protection, such as cotton work gloves, to avoid the risk of cold burns when taking samples inand out. Besides, wear a white coat or jacket to protect exposed arms from cold burns when wearing halfsleeved clothing.
(4) Precautions for the use of hot air oven sterilizers
・ Install on a flame-resistant bench and leave no flammable substances sitting nearby.
・ Sealed containers may explode and must not be put inside.
・ Avoid use for flammable and combustible substances.
・ When taking in and out sterile glassware or the like, wear heat-resistant gloves or similar hand protection
as a precaution to avoid burns.
・ In case of an abnormal temperature rise due to an accident, stay calm, turn off the main switch, and leave
until cool. Never open the pneumatic open/close lid to lower the temperature. Failure to comply may lead tofire breaking out.
・ Take safety measures for the wiring, switches, or the like. Preferably install an earth leakage breaker.
(5) Precautions for the use of clean benches
・ Turn off germicidal lamps before use.
・ Adjust the flame intensity to an appropriate level when using a gas burner.
・ Avoid handling flammable substances.
・ Do not use an airflow clean bench to work with harmful substances, pathogenic bacteria, or the like (use acirculation clean bench or a biosafety cabinet).
・ Be careful with the airflow rate. HEPA filter replacement is required depending on the frequency of use.
(6) Precautions for the use of autoclaves
・ Use within the stamped ranges of pneumatic test pressure, normal working pressure, and maximum
working temperature.
・ Fill samples up to one-third or less of the container’s inner capacity.
・ When closing the lid, inspect the packing with care. If the lid is flanged, avoid overtightening or uneventightening. Tighten diagonally opposite pairs of bolts evenly and in sequence several times.
・ Monitor and occasionally inspect the safety valve for normal operation.
・ Wait until the internal pressure has reached atmospheric pressure and the internal temperature has cooled
sufficiently. Wear hand protection, such as heat-resistant gloves, to remove the samples inside.
・ Refer to the machine’s manual for details.
(7) Precautions for the use of power sources
If you are involved in protein or DNA research, you routinely use electrophoresis for separation andpurification. Then, you use direct current, which is extremely dangerous, especially when your hands are wet.
Handle the connection cords or the like with due care.

—72—

II

Precautions for Using Mutagens
In genetic experiments with microbes, etc., chemical mutagens, such as MNNG (1-methyl-3-nitro-1nitrosoguanidine) or EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate), are often used to induce mutations. These mutagens
affect DNA and are, of course, carcinogenic. Besides, EB (ethidium bromide) and other DNA-staining reagentsare also often used. These substances are also carcinogenic. Therefore, ask the instructor for instructions andexercise due care when using or disposing of these mutagens.
III

Precautions in Microbiology Experiments
Microbes exist everywhere. When experimenting with microbes, take great care to avoid contamination
with microbes or fungi other than those intended. There is nothing special about microbiology experimentsthat makes them different from general chemistry experiments. However, you must remember that microbes
are “living organisms.” General precautions for experiments with microbes are as follows:(1) Keep the laboratory and equipment clean.
Microbes are all around you. To avoid contamination with them, keep the laboratory and equipment clean
at all times. If bacterial culture is accidentally spilled, wipe it off using a sterile liquid such as inverted soap.
(2) Sterilize all used items before disposal.
Cultures, microbes, or the like used in experiments must be sterilized by autoclaving before disposal toprevent biocontamination. Autoclave and sterilize pipettes or the like before disposal or cleaning.
Without fail, you should wear a white coat while in the lab. However, do not wear a white coat to and from,
especially in the cafeteria or restrooms.
(3) Always work with aseptic techniques.
For basic operations such as microbial separation or inoculation, nothing is more important than working
aseptically at all times. Depending on the microbe used in the experiment, limit microbe handling to a locationsuch as a sterile cabinet, clean bench, or safety cabinet. Carefully select the location for culturing and storage
to prevent contamination with unwanted bacteria or fungi.
IV

Precautions for Animal Experiments
Carefully read the “Guidelines and Handbook for Animal Experiments.”
To conduct an animal experiment, you must submit the specified documents for approval to the General
Affairs Section, Fuchu General Affairs Division (extension number: 5070).
V

Precautions in Gene Recombination Experiments
Gene recombination experiments are performed with Type 1, Etc., or 2 Use, Etc., of Living Modified
Organisms. One of the standards for ensuring safety during gene recombination experiments is the “Law on
the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity through Regulations on the Use of Living
Modified Organisms” based on a MEXT Public Notice (in effect since Feb. 2004). Based on this law andrelated laws and regulations, the “National University Corporation Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology Safety Management Rules for Genetically Modified Organisms” has been enforced at our institute(since Apr. 2004). For all gene recombination experiments conducted at our institute, an application must be
submitted for approval to the “Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Biosafety Management
Subcommittee on Specific Organisms.” The website below contains links to the above law and related laws
and regulations, the application form, and the form-filling instructions. Carefully read all these documents.
Relevant laws
https://web.tuat.ac.jp/~kankyou/05/03_specific_organisms.shtml
and regulations
Application form
https://web.tuat.ac.jp/~kankyou/02/lifescience/form.htm(Access limited to
relevant parties)
Besides, an easy-to-understand explanatory document on the “Law on the Conservation and Sustainable
Use of Biological Diversity through Regulations on the Use of Living Modified Organisms” is available from the
MEXT website (http://www.biodic.go.jp/bch/download/law/070401law_manual_ver5.pdf). Be sure to download
and carefully read this document.

—73—When conducting a real experiment, consult well with your advisor based on the above laws andregulations, etc., and experiment according to a reasonable experiment plan, paying due attention to safetycare.
<Reference>
The forms of the Use, Etc., of Living Modified Organisms is divided into “Type 1 Use, Etc.,” and “Type 2Use, Etc.” Whichever the case may be, you must take appropriate measures beforehand.
(1) Type 1 Use, Etc.
The Use, Etc., of Living Modified Organisms without measures to prevent their dispersal into theenvironment. Examples include cultivation in farm fields, use as livestock feed, and transportation, etc.,
without using containers.
(2) Type 2 Use, Etc.
The Use, Etc., of Living Modified Organisms with measures taken to prevent their dispersal into theenvironment. Examples include use, etc., with laboratories, culturing/fermentation facilities, and the like ortransportation, etc., using sealed containers.
The use, etc., practiced in universities generally corresponds to Type 2 Use, Etc. Dispersal prevention andother measures to be taken are specified for experiments, storage, and transportation, respectively.
“Gene recombination experiments” fall into the following four types of experiments: “experiments using
microbes,” “mass culturing experiments,” “experiments using animals,” and “experiments using plants.”
Gene recombination experiments
Experiments with the use, etc., of genetically modified organisms or the like having nucleic acids or copies
thereof (recombined nucleic acids) obtained by extracellular nucleic acid processing techniques. Note that thestorage and transportation performed as part of such use, etc., are also included.
a) Experiments using microbes
The use, etc., of genetically modified organisms, which does not fall into any of b) to d) below:b) Mass culturing experiments
The use, etc., of genetically modified organisms, in which culturing equipment (with a capacity
exceeding 20 liters) is used.
c) Experiments using animals
Divided into “animal development experiments,” which is the use, etc., of recombinant animals, and“animal inoculation experiments,” which is the use, etc., of recombinant organisms harbored by animals.
d) Experiments using plants
Divided into “plant development experiments,” which is the use, etc., of recombinant plants, “plant
inoculation experiments,” which is the use, etc., of recombinant organisms harbored by plants, and“mushroom development experiments,” which is the use, etc. of recombinant mushrooms.

—74—

How to handle electricity safely
I

Introduction
An ELECTRIC SHOCK is the most serious electrical accident encountered in laboratories andexperimental laboratories of universities. Since it is difficult to estimate the severity of electrical danger, any
assumption that “It’s not serious” will result in a very serious situation. You must be careful not to approachwithin the safety distance according to the level of applied voltage, especially for high voltage. In electricalexperiments, there could be fires and explosive accidents caused by electric sparks or overcurrent, andmechanical accidents caused by the rotational operation of devices such as motors and electric generators.
In this chapter, the outline and causes of electric shocks, which most likely result in severe situations, aredescribed, as well as the measures for them.
II

What is an electric shock?
An electric shock is a type of shock encountered when the human body makes contact with electricity. It iscaused by direct contact of the human body on a charged part or by an electrical leak. The human bodyconsists of the parenchyma, which is composed by conductive electrolytes, and the skin that is slightly
insulated and wrapping the parenchyma. Thus, the electrical resistance of the human body depends on that of
the skin, determining electric current upon an electric shock. Dry skin has a resistance of from several dozens
of kiloohms to about 1 MΩ while skin wet with water or sweat has a lower resistance of about several hundredohms. In other words, even a voltage of 100 V will make the human body conduct a current of 100 mA or
more. This “100 mA” means the current will be harmful to life. Then, you may think dry skin is always safe;
however, this is not true for a high voltage of 3000 V or more, for example. Supposing dry skin is an insulated
object with a resistance of 1 MΩ, applying high voltage to the thin skin will produce a very high electric field inthe skin layer. This will result in dielectric breakdown to make the skin layer conductive, passing a high electric
current.
Influences on the human body are roughly estimated as follows:
0-less than 3 mA: Makes a slight stimulus.
3-less than10 mA: Causes a pulled away from.
10-less than 30 mA: Stiffens the muscles and cannot be pulled away from. Causes shortness of breath andis life threatening after a few minutes.
30 mA or more: Causes cessation of respiration and is fatal.
III

Causes of electric shocks
Not a few electric shock accidents are caused by artificial reasons such as carelessness of testers; in thissection, however, causes of electric shocks in terms of electrical equipment are described.
(1) Defects of wiring materials, systems, and devices
Functional and mechanical defects of wiring materials and devices, such as loosened screws on plugs andswitches and poorly tightened terminals, cause electric shocks. The following cords and cables are used forwiring and are required to be checked for their allowable currents:
1) VFF cords: Have a rated current of 7 A (for a core wire of 0.75 mm²). Be careful when you wire them to a
power strip with other plugs connected.
2) Cabtyre cables: Used as movable wires and typically have an allowable current of 15-25 A.
3) VVF cables (F cables): Used for outdoor wiring and have a thickness of 1.5 mm and an allowable currentof 19 A.
(2) Insulation failure
The failure of insulation performance will be a decisive defect for electrical safety. Poorly insulated parts
cause electric shock if the human body or other objects directly contact them. These parts also cause anelectrical leak and severe accidents such as electrical fires. Insulation resistance is reduced by various
causes such as aged insulation materials, moisture absorption, and wetting and contamination on surfaces of
insulation materials.

—75—

(3) Grounding failure“Grounding” means connecting a certain part of an electrical circuit or system to the ground in order tomaintain the electric potential of the part to the ground potential (0 V). If grounding is poor, unexpectedly highvoltage will be produced on unintended places, causing electric shocks and electrical leaks. In fact, grounding
the case of a device is a safety measure for insulation failure of the device and other similar situations.
(4) Electrical leakAn “electrical leak” is a situation where electric current leaks through an unintended part. The types ofelectrical leaks are classified as follows: resistive leaks caused by the deterioration in the insulation
performance, grounding failure, circuit mixing, and other reasons, and capacitive leaks passing between lines
of a circuit or through a stray capacity between insulated conductors.
Since leakage current flows to the ground through a grounding wire if grounding is performed correctly,
touching a leaking part rarely results in an electric shock.
(5) Shortage of rated performance of systems and devices
If you conduct experiments while not paying attention to the rated currents and energy capacitance ofresistors and wiring devices, and the rated withstand voltages of capacitors, such experiments will cause
circuit damage due to a fire and dielectric breakdown, resulting in accidents such as electrical fires, electricalleaks, and electric shocks.
(6) Unfamiliarity with handling capacitors
Though the terminals of a high voltage capacitor are once short-circuited and discharged, high voltage is
produced again because absorbed charges are generated from its internal dielectric substance when theterminals are left open. If you accidentally touch the terminals of a capacitor, you will get an electric shock.
(7) High voltage
When the grounded human body touches a conductor with high voltage applied, an electric shock will occur
due to dielectric breakdown even though the skin is dry. High voltage also generates a spark even when thehuman body just approaches; such a spark may then change into an arc, resulting in an electric shock as well
as severe burns.
(8) Static electricity
When a human, who is insulated from the ground by their shoes or by standing on a mat, walks in a dry
room, static electricity is charged in their body. The human then gets the same electric shock as one
mentioned above if they touch grounded metals such as the knob of a door and a keyhole. In this case, thehuman feels almost no shock if the potential of the body is 1 kV or less but a slight shock if the potential isabout 1.5 kV. When the potential is 1.5-2.5 kV, the human feels a very serious shock. There have been noelectrostatic deaths reported, but many secondary disasters including injuries from falls due to electrostatic
shocks have been reported. In addition, electrostatic sparks may cause an explosion of a mixed gas.
IV

Measures against electric shocks
First, accident preventive measures are required to be taken sufficiently for systems and devices
themselves. In addition to this, testers using them must receive safety education for some purposes such as
the promotion of safety awareness and the completion of safety precautions.
The principal preventive measures for electric shocks, corresponding to the causes of electric shocks, aredescribed below:(1) Use strong grounding wires when grounding all systems and devices.
(2) Periodically check the insulation and electrical leaks of the system and device wiring.
Testers must keep in mind that they make a habit of checking grounding, insulation, electrical leaks, andother conditions.
(3) Check the rated performance of systems, devices, and fuses.
(4) To ease an electrostatic shock, hold a metal piece (such as a key) and put it to a grounded metal todischarge; by doing this, you do not need to directly touch an electric spark with your fingertips. Other
measures are also taken by discharging static electricity with conductive substances in order to prevent
electrostatic hazards and accidents.

—76—

(5) To prevent direct contact with a charged part accidentally during an experiment, apply insulation tape,covers, and other items over as many experimental circuits and charged parts of systems as possible to avoid
exposure. If a charged part cannot be covered, after applying a caution sign on the part, support it withinsulated stands such as insulators and place it so that the human body and other objects cannot makecontact with it easily during an experiment.
(6) A proper distance must be ensured between experimental circuits, between systems, and between a tester
and them to conduct experiments safely with the consideration of workability and unexpected situations suchas falls during experiments.
V Precautions for high voltage experiments(1) Ensuring grounding for high voltage, insulation, and a proper safety distance is the key to preventing
electric shocks. In addition, an experiment team for high voltage experiments must consist of two or moremembers. One of them is a safety checker, who must grasp the members’ progress of an experiment andambient conditions and establish a system where proper instructions can be provided immediately ifnecessary. Before beginning an experiment, make a habit of checking where the power switch of the room is,where the switches of systems and devices are, whether fuses and grounding wires are installed correctly,
and other conditions. If terminals and conductors of high voltage parts are exposed, cover all of them withgrounded wire nets and other similar materials to prevent contact with hands and the human body. In somecases, install warning lamps to prevent unauthorized persons from approaching an experiment area. Testers
shall also wear insulated shoes and gloves if necessary.
(2) When you suspend an experiment with high voltage capacitors and approach or touch conductors withhigh voltage applied, follow the procedure below: turn off the power supply; put the end of a grounding bar(Note) to places with high voltage applied to lower their potential to zero; and approach or touch theconductors. Repeat grounding with a grounding bar at least several times in this procedure because highvoltage is produced again due to absorbed charges of a capacitor even though it has been grounded onceand discharged. Then, put the end hook of a grounding bar to a high voltage part to ensure the part is always
kept being grounded before starting operation.
(Note) An example of the structure of a grounding bar is shown in the
figure below.
Rods 1 and 2 are made of insulated materials (ferrule resin orwood), and rod 2 is a grip (about 30 cm in length). Rod 1 is typically
1-2 m in length (according to the level of voltage) and about 3 cm indiameter. Conductive guard 3 (about 10 cm in diameter) placed on
the opposite side of the grip is grounded. Conductive hook 4 placedon the end is used for touching a high voltage part. Resistor chain 5
consisting of about 10 connected resistors, each of which has aresistance of about 100 kΩ, is inserted between hook 4 andconductive guard 3. If resistor chain 5 is not inserted, a large spark
Example of structure of grounding
and a very loud sound are generated when a capacitor or anotherbardevice is touched with hook 4. If resistor chain 5 is inserted, nosparks are generated and only a soft sound is heard. In other words, resistor chain 5 plays a safety role,
protecting a capacitor by gradually releasing the accumulated energy of the capacitor. Conductor 6 is thick.
Grounding wire 7 combines a knitted organization and lead wires composed by thick strands.
(3) To approach a failed part, turn off all the power switches including the base knife switch and disconnecting
switches. Ground all high voltage parts. Next, check that a voltage is zero with a voltmeter. Then, ground thefailed part and all high voltage parts through which the failed part is grounded with grounding bars. For thisreason, you need two or more grounding bars. If sparks and discharging sounds are still generated after ahigh voltage part is grounded several times, lines of resistors and other devices of a discharging circuit aresupposed to be broken; pay great attention to this. After performing the above-mentioned grounding, conduct
operations carefully while grounding bars are kept on places where failures are expected.

—77—

(4) Check the difference between live and dead wires. Middle voltage live wires with a voltage of several
hundred volts tend to be handled carelessly as if these have no dangerous voltage, especially for experimentswith a high voltage of several dozens of kilovolts or more; pay great attention to this.
(5) Check safety distances from systems, devices, and experimental samples carefully. The following tableshows some relations between circuit voltages and safety distances. Note that these values are only
estimations, and greatly depend on factors such as the inequality of an electric field due to the shape of acharged part of systems and devices and waveforms of applied voltage.
Circuit voltages and safety distances
Circuit voltage (kV)

Safety distance (cm)Circuit voltage (kV)

Safety distance (cm)

11 to 2270

77 to 88110

33 to 4480

110 to 154

200

55 to 6690

187 to 275

300(6) Prepare high voltage rubber gloves and insulation protectors such as insulated stands for some types ofexperiments. However, you must be careful as such protectors often cannot work in wet situations such as
highly humid or rainy weather.
VI

Measures and precautions for electric shocks
If a victim cannot get away, another person must immediately help them get away from the situation orinterrupt the power supply. For this reason, all large-scale electrical experiments must be conducted bymultiple members. A rescuer must pay great attention to the prevention of a secondary electric shock tothemself and secondary disasters such as burns during escape rescue and power supply interruption.
(1) Precautions for helping a victim get away and interrupting power supply
A victim who cannot get away by themself must be helped immediately to get away from a charged part.
However, a rescuer may get a secondary electric shock through the victim by carelessly touching them if the
rescuer is in a hurry. A rescuer must be insulated from the ground by wearing insulated shoes or standing on
an insulated stand. If a rescuer is not insulated from the ground, they must turn off the power supply andground charged parts before touching the victim.
To take a safe and proper course of immediate action, including getting the victim away, interrupting thepower supply, and grounding, it is essential to place experimental equipment and devices, receive training,and completely develop awareness with the consideration of emergency situations at all times.
(2) Emergency treatment for a victim
When an accident occurs, help the victim escape from a charged part firstly in the way above, and theninterrupt and ground the power supply. If the victim is unconscious, check their breathing and pulse and then
immediately call an emergency physician while also taking relief action including artificial respiration andcardiac massage. Note that artificial respiration and cardiac massage can be conducted at the same time by
two members and are highly effective for relief.
Artificial respiration is conducted as follows: keep pinching the victim’s nose; breathe deeply; and breathe into
the victim’s mouth (mouth-to-mouth). Repeat this course of action slowly. Cardiac massage is conducted asfollows: expose the victim’s chest; straddle the victim; put your both palms on the victim’s heart region; andplace your whole weight on the region and release it. Repeat this course of action.
Though the victim is not unconscious, they may have burns and their mind and body may be deeply impacted.
The victim must be examined by a physician, or an electrocardiogram taken in some serious cases. In thecase of a minor accident, the victim also needs to rest sufficiently after the accident.
An electric shock often makes burns on the skin and in subdermal tissues. Electrical burns in subdermal
tissues particularly require long-term treatment. Carefully check whether or not there are burns and gettreatment from a physician immediately if necessary.

—78—

A fall and plunge due to the impact of an electric shock are recognized as secondary disasters, often resulting
in external injuries and bruises. In some cases, stop the bleeding and take emergency treatment for brokenbones.

—79—

Laser safety
I

Introduction
Laser safety was discussed relatively early, mainly in the U.S., from the 1960s. In Japan, the Ministry ofLabour and the Ministry of Health and Welfare issued notices such as “Preventive Measures for Laser Beam
Injuries” and “Laser Surgical Devices” from their points of view, specifying detailed precautions for using laser
light. The Japanese laser safety standard was established as “Safety Standard of Laser Product Radiation”(JIS C 6802) on November 1, 1988, after various discussions had been held.
II

Laser classification
Laser radiation is produced by exciting specific matters artificially with immense energy and amplifying
electromagnetic waves generated in the return of the matters to the original state through controlled
stimulated radiation. It has a wavelength ranging from about 200 nm to 10 μm, generating a highly directive
beam with a single-wavelength and an even phase (see the table below).
Principal laser types
Type

Wavelength (μm)
Continuous

Power
pulse

Gas laser
Solid-state
laser
Liquidlaser
Semicondu
ctor laser

He-Ne

0.63

1-50 mW

CO2

10.6

10-5000 W

Ar ion0.51

0.5-5 W

Excimer

8.48

5-20 mW

2 J or lessYAG

0.2 to 0.4—

50 J or less

Ruby

1.06

10-500 W

20 J or less

Glass

0.69

—

100 kJ or less

Colored paper

1.06

—

Rhodamine 6G

0.5 to 0.65

0.1-10 W

Ca

0.64 to 3.1

1-1 mW

As series

300 J or less

As shown above, laser products have a wide range of radiation wavelengths, waveforms, powers, structures,and other factors. In addition, in the case of the eye, which is the most sensitive, the area subjected tophotochemical and thermal effects depends on wavelengths, and a laser intensity per area of visible light ornear-infrared light (400-1200 nm) on the fundus can reach 104 times as much as one on the corneal surface
through the condensation of the crystalline lens. Thus, the severity of laser hazards to the human body greatly
depends on the conditions, thus common safety standards cannot be established. The JIS standard thenclassifies lasers into four classes from essentially safe lasers to harmful ones. The classes are generally
described below while the details of them are shown in the JIS standard. The Accessible Emission Limits(AEL) allowable for the eyes and the skin are also specified. Since laser systems have complicated structuresand oscillation styles, classification must be determined on the basis of advice from manufacturers’ and otherinstitutes’ specialists.

—80—Class 1
Class 2
Class 3A
Class 3B
Class 4

Has a low power (about 0.39 μW or less) not injuring the human body.
Visible light (with a wavelength of 400-700 nm) having a power (about 1 mW or less) equal
to or lower than one that the human body can avoid by defensive reactions (during ablinking period).
Harmful for interbeam observation with optical means and has an emission level (about 5
mW or less) equal to or lower than five times the power of class 2.
Has a power (about 0.5 W or less) that may injure the eyes exposed to a laser beam either
directly or reflected but will not injure the eyes exposed to one from diffused reflection.
Has a power (over about 0.5 W) that may injure the eyes exposed to a laser beam evenfrom diffused reflection.

III

Influences on the human body
Influences on the human body depend on the wavelengths, powers, output waveforms, and other factors of
the laser beams; however, the eyes typically tend to be seriously injured and changed irreversibly rather than
the skin.
(1) Eye injuries
The absorption of the cornea and the crystalline lens depends on wavelengths, and conditions of injuries
also vary according to the following table.
(2) Skin injuries
When the skin is excessively exposed to a high-power laser beam, changes on the skin range from minor
red spots to blister formation, thermocoagulation, and carbonization.
Biological disorders for excessive exposure to laser light
CIE wavelength range*
Eye
Skin
Ultraviolet C (UV-C)
Red spot (sunburn)(100-280 nm)

Corneal disorder

Ultraviolet B (UV-B)

Acceleration of skin
aging
Pigment increase(280-315 nm)
Ultraviolet A (UV-A)

Corneal disorder, cataract(315-400 nm)
VisibleBlackening pigment
Retinal injury

Optical reaction(400-780 nm)
Infrared A (IR-A)

Retinal injury, cataract(780-1400 nm)
Infrared B (IR-B)(1.4-3 μm)

Burn
Corneal disorder, cataract

Infrared C (IR-C)(3 μm-1 mm)* The wavelength range that is defined by the International Science Council (CIE) and used for describing
somatological influences.

—81—

IV

Safety prevention measures
Since safety measures for lasers are taken by their manufacturers according to the classification in thesafety standard, injury prevention measures taken by users are described here.
(1) Use of remote interlock protection connectors
Remote interlock protection connectors are installed on laser products of class 3B or higher (except for class
3B with a power of 5 mW or less in the visible range). Users of such products must link these connectors to
emergency interruption interlocks, room locks, door interlocks, and other interlocks.
(2) Control with keys
Lasers of class 3B or higher (except for class 3B with a power of 5 mW or less in the visible range) are
specified to be equipped with main controls with keys. Users must use these keys and remove them whenlaser products are not used to prevent unauthorized operation.
(3) Beam breakers and attenuators
Users of laser products of class 3B or higher must recognize that beam breakers and attenuators are inprinciple closed to prevent accidental laser radiation and careless exposure.
(4) Warning signs
Users must post proper warning signs on places, entrances to rooms, and protective enclosures where laser
products of class 3B or higher are installed. The laser safety officer is responsible for taking safety prevention
measures in areas where laser exposure could exceed the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE), a
controlled value of laser exposure to the human body; such areas are called laser-controlled areas.
(5) Beams
Beams emitted from laser products of class 2 or higher must be terminated. For termination, use diffusionreflectors or absorbers with proper reflectance and heat characteristics. Do not use mirror reflectors. If laser
beams are required to be used without enclosures, position the beams at a height below eye level or muchhigher than it. When a fundamental wave is infrared light and its optical path cannot be checked visually, you
should pass a type of visible light beams such as Ar ion laser beams through the completely same path,enabling the entire optical path and reflected or diffused light to be tracked.
(6) Mirror reflection
Since laser beams from laser products of class 3B or higher could be harmful to the eyes even though they
pass instantaneously, you must ensure mirrors, lenses, beam splitters, and other optical elements are
installed on holders. If optical elements are moved without laser beams, a beam will be radiated in an
unintended direction and result in a harmful situation; thus, optical elements should be moved only when alaser beam is radiated.
(7) Eye protection
Eye protection is the most important measure of safety prevention and conducted by wearing proper safety
glasses. Though laser safety glasses are not specified by the JIS standards, these glasses should be selected
as follows.
No safety glasses can be applied to all wavelength ranges. Some lasers can oscillate multiple wavelengths
simultaneously (Ar lasers) and can radiate both a fundamental wave (1064 nm) and a secondary highfrequency wave (532 nm) (YAG lasers). For this reason, safety glasses should be selected by consideringboth applied and unapplied wavelengths and check the optical density of each wavelength from thecharacteristics graphs and other materials of a product. If you do not care about the transparency of safety
glasses, it could affect workability and safety. From this point of view, the use of safety glasses separately forroutine operation and alignment purposes helps risk prevention.

—82—

The types of safety glasses are divided into an absorption type that are made by adding absorbents into
the plastic or glass base and a reflection type that has a derivative multilayer thin film on the base surface. For
the plastic-made absorption type, a surface should be coated for damage prevention. Note that thetransparency of the reflection type is seriously affected by damages, as well as its performance is changed by
the incidence angle of a beam.
(8) Protective clothing
You must wear protective clothing when you could be exposed to a radiation level obviously exceeding theMPE for the skin and when you operate class 4 lasers because such lasers could cause fires.

—83—

Safe work with hazardous gases
I

Introduction
As the semiconductor industry developed, hazardous/harmful gases (high-pressure specialty gases), suchas silane or arsine, have also come into use for university research activities. Many of these gases are often
so violently explosive as to lead to a serious accident or so toxic as to lead to death. Therefore, any processthat uses a semiconductor gas must be conducted under strict supervision and guidance by the Principal
Investigator. Utmost care must be exercised to prevent accidents, and:i.Never let harmful gases leak out;
ii.Do not discharge untreated harmful gases; andiii.Provide a failsafe setup that always prevents inhalation, even in the event of leakage.
Rules above must be meticulously complied with to proceed with experiments. Additionally, insemiconductor process-related experiments, all staff must comply at least with the following generalprecautions.
i.Have basic knowledge about semiconductor gases and conduct experiments with full awareness of theproperties of the gases.
ii.Whenever using a new semiconductor gas with no previously reported cases, gather materials about its
safety before starting experiments.
iii.Accidents tend to occur at the startup of equipment. Run a thoroughgoing leak check by vacuum drawing
before flowing the gas for the first time. Pressurized parts, in particular, require a careful leak check.
iv.A typical semiconductor process involves quite a few valve operations. Always prepare a valve operation
manual. Do not omit the task of checking with the manual even after getting used to the experiment.
v.It is desired that experiments using a dangerous gas be conducted by two or more persons. No one should
conduct such an experiment alone, especially late at night.
vi.Perform periodic safety checks. Especially for apparatuses and the like requiring periodic maintenance (e.g.,
a waste gas treatment system), always keep work records and prevent failure to perform maintenance.
vii.Conduct periodic emergency fire drills besides being fully prepared for the above. Do not fail to conductroutine drills with firefighting equipment, especially fire extinguishers and gas masks, to ensure readiness inusing them. It is also important that the staff discuss emergency measures against earthquakes, fires, gas
leaks, and the like on a routine basis. In particular, the following two kinds of chemicals have a highfrequency of use and pose an extreme danger. It is advised to take due care.
1) Trichloroethylene (trichlene)
There are reported cases of decreased white blood cell counts in trichlene users. Due care must be taken to
avoid inhaling its vapor.
2) Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Even a tiny droplet on the skin will cause injury down to the bone. Exercise the strictest care. Due caution
must also be exercised against its vapor. Always wear gloves, protective goggles, and gas masks when using
HF.
viii.Poisoning by inhalation needs immediate life-saving treatment, which, however, is unavailable at most
hospitals and therefore requires direct transportation to a special emergency medical service facility.
Therefore, it is necessary to know the contact information at emergency medical service facilities
beforehand.
II

Hazardous/Harmful Chemicals for Semiconductors

1.

General Knowledge of Semiconductor Gases
Semiconductor processes use various ignitable and toxic gases. To conduct research using thesehazardous/harmful chemicals, one must get accustomed to handling gases while developing the basic
knowledge on them and providing sufficient safety measures. This section first overviews the basic propertiesof these gases, waste gas treatment methods, first-aid treatment methods, and so on. The table below
summarizes the general properties of various gases used for semiconductors:—84—(1) Combustibility
Silane and other hydrides easily hydrolyze and have properties to be particularly wary of, including
combustibility and explosibility. All hydrides are flammable, explosively combust in air, and, as such, must be
handled with extreme care. Chlorsilane (SiH3F, Cl, SiH2Cl, SiHCl3) and fluorosilanes (SiH3F, SiH2, F2, SiHF3)
also easily ignite in air and catch fire from static electricity.
Organic metal compounds (trimethylgallium, trimethyl aluminum, etc.) are thermally unstable at hightemperatures, violently react with air and water, and, as such, must be handled with due care. When incontact with air, they spontaneously ignite, producing a white smoke of oxides. The gas thus generated isextremely toxic, so provide sufficient ventilation. Additionally, even a mere leak of these organic metalcompounds may result in a fire and must not be left sitting. Wiping off the leakage with an absorbent, such as
cloth or paper, may result in a secondary fire.
(2) Corrosivity
Hydrides attack rubber, grease, and lube oil. Saran, polyester, quartz glass, nylon, Teflon, asbestos, paraffin,
and the like remain unaffected. Among metals, aluminum gets attacked. H2S and NH3 have particularly strong
corrosivity and violently corrode Cu, Al, and their alloys, respectively, particularly when there is moisturepresent.
Halogenides easily hydrolyze almost completely and produce highly corrosive acids, such as hydrochloric
acid or hydrofluoric acid. At the same time, an accompanying white smoke and pungent odor are generated.
These acids violently corrode most metals.
(3) Toxicity
Many of the gases used in the semiconductor film formation process have strong toxicity, seriously affect thehuman body even in an extremely trace amount, and, as such, must be handled with extreme care. Hydrides
have particularly strong toxicity and cause acute symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, or
breathing difficulty if inhaled even in a trace amount. AsH3 and the like, in particular, have a strong hemolytic
action. Their inhalation at high concentrations results in instantaneous death. Even at low concentrations, theirinhalation leads to death in several hours. Additionally, many irritate the mucous membranes of the eye,throat, and the like and, if repeatedly inhaled, even in extremely trace amounts, cause similar chronic
symptoms.
(4) Waste gas treatment methods
After hydrolysis, hydrides should be treated by methods such as neutralization with alkali or adsorption using
an oxidation adsorbent. Silanes can be treated by combustion using an incinerator. Halogenides are to betreated by neutralization with alkali after hydrolysis. These must not be loaded into an incinerator. Organic
metal compounds are to be eliminated using an adsorbent, such as Toxoclean. It is very dangerous to treat
these gases in a large amount at a time, regardless of the method used. The gases must be flow-controlled
for gradual treatment. Additionally, when different kinds of gases are used simultaneously, due considerationmust be given to the configurations of their treatment systems to ensure safety.
(5) First-aid treatment
In case of highly toxic gas inhalation, immediately remove the affected person to fresh air for oxygen
inhalation. In the event of a respiratory arrest, take appropriate measures, such as artificial respiration. Keep
the affected person at rest and immediately call a medical specialist. In case of contact with the skin, eye,nose, or the like, immediately flush with plenty of running water for a long time. When a medical specialist iscalled, keep flushing until the doctor arrives. In most cases, chemical neutralizers must not be used. In manycases, ointments and the like must also not be applied. Care must be taken accordingly. In cases of organic
metals, a burn is especially likely to be involved. Hence, the injury should be rinsed and cooled sufficiently. In
case of accidental ingestion, the appropriate measure may vary: the affected person may be given plenty ofwater for dilution, may be allowed to vomit, or may not. Care must be taken accordingly.

—85—General properties of various semiconductor gases
Categ Gas
ory
name

Hydri
des

Appearance(0°C)

AsH3 Colorless gas with a garlic odor

-62.5

2.695

8.58 K

B2H6

Colorless, nauseous gas

-92.8

0.965

28.10 K

0.1

◎

〇

〇

Colorless gas with a rotten-fishodor
H2S Colorless gas with a rotten-egg
odor
H2Se Colorless gas with a garlic odor

-87.7

1.184

22.43 K

0.3

◎

〇

〇

-60.7

1.189

10.33 K

10

〇

〇

-41.4

2.08

5.12 K

0.05

◎

〇

〇

SiH4

-111.5

1.114

24.2 K

5

〇

◎

◎

-14.5

2.3

1.86 K

〇

◎

◎

-88.4

2.654

25.11 K

0.2

◎

◎

〇

59

5.90
(gas)
5.32
(gas)
4.03
(gas)

100 m
(5.4°C)
33 m

Unknown

〇

〇

5

〇

〇

470 m

Unknown

〇

〇

-85

1.268

26.55 K

5

〇

-34.1

2.49

3.8 K

1

〇

-95.5

3.57

103.5 K

0.5*

〇

〇

GeF4

Colorless gas with anunpleasant odor
Colorless gas with anunpleasant odor
Colorless gas with a distinctive
choking odor
Colorless, fuming liquid with achoking odor
Colorless liquid with a peculiar
odor
Colorless, fuming liquid with apungent odor/colorless gas witha hay-like odor
Colorless gas with a pungent
odor
Yellowish-green gas with achoking, pungent odor
Colorless gas with a pungent
odor
—

CF4

Colorless, odorless gas

-128

3.05

BF3

Colorless gas with a pungent,choking odor
Colorless gas or liquid with aunique, pungent odor

-99.8

2.380

1

〇

〇

19.5

1.27

798.9 m (127.3)
760 m (99.9°C)
360 m(3asF)

〇

〇

-187

1.311

1

〇

GeH4
SiCl4
CCl4
BCl3
HCl
Cl2
Fluori
des

SiF4

HF
F2

Other
s

76.8
12.5

◎

Oxidizing
Oxidizing〇◎Yellowish-green gas with achlorine-like odor
Colorless, transparent liquid

55.8

64.5 m〇Oxidizi
ng
◎

143

16 m
(43°C)〇◎◎TEAL Colorless, transparent liquid

186

〇

◎

◎

CH4

Colorless, transparent liquid-161.50.555

NH3Colorless, odorless gas

-33.4

0.597

H2

Colorless gas with a stifling,
pungent odor
Colorless, odorless gas-252.8 0.2695

TMG
Organ
ic
metal
s

Allowable
Hazards
concentrati
on(ppm)
Toxici Flamm Spont Corrotyability aneity sivity
0.05
◎
〇

(Air = 1)

Si2H6

ChloridesVapor
pressure

(°C)

PH3

(Silanes)

Boiling Specificpoint gravity

TEG

1 m (62°C) (2 mg/m3)
87.4 m (182°C)
4.55 K

◎
◎

〇
25

〇

〇

〇

〇

[Remarks] Vapor pressure: K … kg/cm2; m … mmHg Allowable concentration: Value specified by ACGIH, * …
Unapproved Flammability: Oxidizing … Oxidizing—86—2. Various Semiconductor Gases
For high-risk chemicals frequently used as semiconductor gases, their danger, effects on the human body,
emergency processing method, and so on can be detailed as follows:
1) AsH3 (arseniureted hydrogen/arsine)i.Hazards
Combustibility: Positive
Explosive range: 0.8 to 98 vol%Incompatible materials: Cl2, strong oxidizing agents, nitric acid
Autocatalyticity: Extremely strong
ii.Emergency measures
Leakage: Evacuate personnel and provide emergency ventilation. Exhaust the gas through a purifier.
Fire: Use dry chemical fire extinguishers and CO 2 fire extinguishers.
Handling: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, gloves, mittens, or the like, and eye protection. After
handling, wash hands and face well.
iii.Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): High in affinity for hemoglobin and with hemolytic action. Anemia, jaundice, and edema
manifest themselves. Even cutaneous respiration causes these impacts, which means they cannot becompletely prevented by holding a breath or wearing a gas mask. 250 ppm … Instantaneous death. 25 to 50
ppm … Death within one and half an hour. 3 to 10 ppm … Manifestation of poisoning symptoms within several
hours. Fatal over a long time. 0.5 ppm … Manifestation of acute poisoning. Dizziness, headache, throat
irritation, and pulmonary edema.
Chronic: Red blood cell destruction. Protein in urine.
Carcinogenicity: Likely.
iv.First-aid treatment
Oxygen inhalation. Seek immediate medical diagnosis. In the event of respiratory arrest, perform artificial
respiration.
v.Waste gas treatment methods
Adsorption reaction treatment using a solid oxidation absorbent (based on FeCl 3) and its combined use with a
combustor.
2) PH3 (hydrogen phosphide/phosphine)i.Hazards
Explosive range: 1.32 to 9.8 vol%Pyrophoricity: Pyrophoric because of the trace amount of P2H6 contained.
Hypergolic materials: AgNO3, Hg(NO3)2, N2O, HNO3, HNO2, Cl2, NO, NCl3, Cl2O, and Br2
Incompatible materials: Air, BCl3, Br2, Cl2, Cl2O, Hg(NO3)2, HNO3, NO, NCl3, NO2, N2O, HNO2, O2, (K + NH3),
AgNO3, and AgNO3
ii.Emergency measures
Leakage/scattering: Keep fire away. Stop leakage. Reduce vapor by water spraying and ventilation.
Minor fire: Powder or CO2 fire extinguishers
Major fire: Water spraying, mist, or foam. In this case, take care to avoid contaminating water.
iii.Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): Within a few minutes, signs occur of breathing difficulty, cyanosis, fainting, asphyxial
convulsions, and so on, leading to death.
Subacute (inhalation): Extreme fatigue feeling, headache, chest pain, stomachache, persistent nausea, anddiarrhea. Further inhalation causes pulmonary edema, ataxia, excitation, drowsiness, and the like, leading todeath within 48 hours. Even if overcome, this phase is followed by fatal liver and kidney disorders. The breath
smells like garlic. Jaundice, azotemia, and retention of urine occur. Cardiac disorders also occur. 2000 ppm …
Death occurs within several minutes. 300 ppm … Death is likely within one hour. Asymptomatic maximum
allowable concentration … 1.4 to 2.8 ppm.

—87—

iv.First-aid treatment
Perform oxygen inhalation as soon as possible. In the event of a respiratory arrest, perform artificial
respiration. Keep warm and at rest. Seek immediate medical diagnosis.
v.Waste gas treatment methods
Elimination using an adsorbent (sulfuric acid aqueous solution of potassium permanganate, ferric chloride
solution, or sodium hypobromite solution), followed by waste gas scrubbing before discharge into theatmosphere.
3) B2H6 (borohydride/diborane)
i.Hazards
Combustibility: Flammable
Explosive range: 0.9 to 98.0 vol%Pyrophoricity: Pyrophoric in humid air.
Hypergolic ignitability: Heat, flame, air, HNO3, and O2
Incompatible materials: CO2, oxidizing agents, aluminum, and lithium
ii.Emergency equipment
Leakage/fire: Spray water to reduce vapor. If the gas is on fire and cannot be stopped from leaking, allow thefire to continue burning. Isolate for at least 800 meters in all directions from the tank where the fire occurred.
Firefighting: Minor fire … Powder or CO2 fire extinguishers; Major fire … Water spraying, mist, or foam iseffective.
iii.Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): Highly irritant to mucous membranes. Headache, nausea, weakness, convulsive fits,
tightness in the chest, coughing, breathing difficulty, pulmonary edema, and hemolytic action. If inhaled, B2H6
dulls the sense of smell. Eye … Irritant at high concentration. Skin … Inflammatory at high concentration.
Chronic: Wheezy breathing, dry coughing, breathing difficulty, persistent hyperpnea for a few years,
headache, fatigue, and convulsions manifest themselves, among others.
iv.First-aid treatment
Inhalation: Immediately remove to fresh air, keep warm and at rest, and give pure oxygen inhalation. In theevent of respiratory arrest, perform artificial respiration and immediately call a physician. Eye: Lift the upperand lower eyelids and rinse for 15 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention from a specialist. Do not wear
contact lenses when handling this substance.
Skin: Flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes and treat the heat burn.
v.Waste gas treatment methods
Burn while eliminating B2O3 in the waste gas using a liquid dispersion-type gas absorber.
4) H2Se (hydrogen selenide)i.Hazards
Combustibility: Flammable. When ignited, H2Se burns with blue flames.
Explosibility: Risk of fire and explosion.
Hypergolic ignitability: Together with air, H2Se forms an explosive mixture.
Incompatible hazardous substances: Oxidizing agents (H 2O2, HNO3, etc.), acids, water, and hydrocarbon
chlorides.

—88—ii.Emergency measures
Leakage/scattering: Keep fire away. Stop the leakage. Spray water to reduce vapor.
Minor fire: Powder or CO2 fire extinguishers
Major fire: Water spraying, mist, or foam. If a gas leakage is unstoppable, allow the fire to continue burning.
Isolate for at least 800 meters in all directions from the tank where the fire occurred.
iii.Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): After prolonged exposure at or below 0.2 ppm, breath with a garlic odor, nausea, dizziness,and malaise. Harmful to the liver and spleen. Hemolytic. Dimethyl selenide resulting from selenium
detoxification … Pneumonia and sore throat. Eye/skin … Irritant to mucous membranes. At 1 ppm, unbearably
irritant to the eye, nose, and throat.
iv.First-aid treatment
Inhalation: Immediately remove to fresh air and keep warm and at rest. Oxygen inhalation and artificial
respiration. Closely observe for any sign of pulmonary edema.
Eye: Rinse well with water for at least 15 minutes.
Pain reduction method … A drop of olive oil, three or four drops of 0.1% epinephrine sulfate, local anesthesia,
and hot and cold compress. Seek examination by a medical specialist as soon as possible.
v.Waste gas treatment methods
Absorption by an alkaline aqueous solution, such as KOH. A highly toxic substance, unabsorbed gas, which isdangerous even in a trace amount. Due care must be taken accordingly.
5) SiH4 (silane/monosilane)
i.Hazards
Flammable range: 0.8 to 98%
Explosive range: 1.37 vol% (1 atm), 1.65 vol% (4.84 atm), 1 vol% (1 atm, O 2 concentration 0.2 vol%), 0.64%(1 atm, O2 concentration 0.8 vol%). The lower limit decreases due to the ignition of the diluent. Care must be
taken accordingly. At 5%, silane has an explosion pressure nine times the initial pressure and a maximum
pressure rise rate of 2,168 atm/s.
Pyrophoricity: Pyrophoric in air.
Incompatible materials: Halogen (explosion), oxidizing agents, air, heavy metal chlorides, O 2 (explosive
substance production), NO, NO2, and N2O
ii.Emergency measures
Leakage/scattering: Detectable by flames in most cases. If a leak occurs in the middle of the piping, stop the
supply, evacuate, and burn any remaining silane.
Minor fire: Powder or CO2 fire extinguishers
Major fire: Water spraying, mist, or foam is effective.
iii.Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): Almost nothing is known except that upper airway irritation, headache, and nausea occur.
Eye/skin … Irritant.
Chronic: Unknown
iv.First-aid treatment
Immediately remove to an uncontaminated atmosphere and keep at rest and warm. 100% oxygen inhalation.
In the event of respiratory arrest, perform artificial respiration and immediately call a physician.

—89—

v. Waste gas treatment methods
Burn (at or above 1,000°C), absorb into an alkaline aqueous solution (hydrolysis), or treat with an oxidizing
agent.
6) GeH4 (germane/germanium hydride)i.Hazards
Combustibility: Flammable
Explosive range: 0.8 to 98%. Risk of explosive decomposition.
Pyrophoricity: Spontaneously ignitable in air due to decomposition reaction.
Incompatible materials: Halogen
ii.Emergency measures
Leakage/scattering: No open fire or smoking. Stop the leakage. Spray water to reduce vapor. If leakage isunstoppable, allow the fire to continue burning.
Minor fire: Powder or CO2 fire extinguishers
Major fire: Water spraying, mist, or foam is effective.
iii.Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): Similarly, to arsine, high in affinity for hemoglobin and with hemolytic action. While
exposure is expected to cause hemolytic phenomena and kidney disorders, accurate toxicity information iscurrently scarce.
iv.First-aid treatment
No treatment method is known. The first-aid treatment for arsine should be consulted. Perform oxygen
inhalation and other general auxiliary methods as soon as possible. Seek immediate medical attention.
v.Waste gas treatment methods
Incineration in an incinerator. This incineration is to be performed according to the treatment method forsilanes.
7) SiF4 (silicon tetrafluoride)i.Hazards
Combustibility: Non-combustible
Chemical reactivity: Hydrolytically productive of fluorides, hydrogen fluoride, and hydrofluoric acid andthermolytically generative of fluorine ion vapor.
ii.Emergency measures
Leakage/scattering: Stop the leakage. Spray water to reduce evaporation. However, avoid the spilled area.
Note that any leakage would cause white smoke, allowing easy detection.
Minor fire: Powder or CO2 fire extinguishers
Major fire: Water spraying, mist, or foam is effective.
iii.Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): 50 ppm. Death within 30 to 60 minutes. Respiratory organ irritation, pulmonary
inflammation and congestion, circulatory organ debility, pulmonary edema, and osteosclerosis. Eye …
Irritation. Skin … Pain and severe burn.
iv.First-aid treatment
Inhalation: Immediately remove to fresh air. 100% oxygen inhalation (pressurized oxygen inhalation in case ofa serious case). Keep warm and at rest. An analgesic/sedative agent with mild action (such as aspirin) may be
administered. In the event of respiratory arrest, perform artificial respiration and seek immediate medical
attention.

—90—

Eye … Flush with water for 15 minutes. Repeat this several times. Apply an ice poultice. Seek immediate
ophthalmologic attention.
v.Waste gas treatment methods
Perform hydrolysis and neutralization with plenty of water or an alkaline aqueous solution of KOH or the like.
Alternatively, perform absorption by an adsorbent.
8) BCl3 (boron trichloride)i.Hazards
Incompatible materials: Water, aniline, hexafluoroisopropylidene, aminolithium, nitrogen dioxide, phosphine,
grease, organic matter, and oxygen.
Corrosivity: Corrosive of most metals under the presence of water.
ii.Emergency measures
Leakage/scattering: Stop the leakage. Spray water to reduce vapor. However, avoid the spilled area. Isolate
the area until the gas is dispersed. Note that any leakage would cause white smoke and could be easily
detected.
Minor fire: Powder or CO2 fire extinguishers
Major fire: Water spraying, mist, or foam is effective.
iii.Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): Causative of upper airway irritation, edema, and a highly pungent odor, allowing easy
detection.
Eye/skin … Tissue irritation. If severely attacked, the skin becomes feverish and weakened.
iv.First-aid treatment
In any case, immediately call a physician.
Inhalation: Immediately remove to fresh air. In the event of respiratory arrest, perform artificial respiration. In
case of breathing difficulty, perform oxygen inhalation. The affected person must be kept warm and at rest.
Skin: Immediately rinse with running water. Chemical neutralizers are unacceptable. In a serious case, theaffected person must be kept at rest and warm.
Nose: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes.
Eye: Immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes with the eyelids lifted.
v.Waste gas treatment methods
Perform hydrolysis and neutralization with plenty of water or an alkaline aqueous solution of KOH or the like.
Alternatively, perform absorption by an adsorbent.
9) Ga(CH3)3 (TMG/trimethylgallium)i.
General properties
Molecular weight: 114.82
Melting point: -15.8℃
Boiling point: 55.8℃

Density: 1.151 g/ml (15°C)

Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid
Vapor pressure: Temperature (°C)

Vapor pressure (mmHg)

0.0

64.5

25.0

226.5

55.8

760

ii.
Hazards
Easily oxidized in air. Spontaneously ignitable if leaked in a large amount. Violently reactive with water,
generating methane gas and producing Me2GaOH or [[Me2Ga]2O]x. Formative of a stable complex with AsH3,
PH3, or the like. Violently reactive with substances containing active hydrogens, such as alcohols and acids.

—91—

iii.

iv.

v.

vi.
10)
i.

Emergency measures
Leakage: Highly ignitable. Do not attempt removal with an absorbent, such as cloth or paper.
Oxidizable in contact with air, generating toxic gas. Provide sufficient ventilation.
Fire: Localize the fire to prevent its spread to other areas. Isolate other combustibles. Let the fireslowly burn while controlling its force using firefighting methods, such as powder fire extinguishers(dry chemical) or dry sand. Never use anything other than the above, such as water, foam fireextinguishing agents, or carbon tetrachloride.
Effects on the human body
Acute (inhalation): Inhalation of the white fumes generated during burning causes damage to thewindpipes and lungs. Inhalation at a high concentration (15 mg/m 3) may cause a severe, flu-like fume
fever, recovery from which normally takes several days. Skin/eye … Inflammatory, irritant to mucous
membranes. Destructive to tissues. A delay in treatment will result in a severe burn scar.
First-aid treatment
Skin: Remove with plenty of water while cooling the affected part to protect the skin tissue.
Eye: Holding the eyelids open, flush the eye gently with water for 15 minutes. For subsequent
treatment, follow the instructions of the doctor.
Inhalation: Keep at rest and follow the instructions of the doctor.
Storage stability: Stable if stored at room temperature in an inert gas atmosphere (N 2, Ar, or the like).
Ga(C2H5)3 (TEG/triethylgallium)
General properties
Molecular weight: 156.91
Melting point: -82.3°C
Boiling point: 143°C
Density: 0.06 g/ml
Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid
Vapor pressure: Temperature (℃)

Vapor pressure (mmHg)

43

16

47

18

143

760

ii.
Hazards
Violently reactive with water, generating ethane gas and producing Et2GaOH. Others: Equivalent to those of
TMG.
iii.
Emergency measures, effects on the human body, first-aid treatment, and storage stability: Equivalent
to those of TMG.
11)
Al(C2H5)3 (TEA1/triethyl aluminum)i.
General properties
Molecular weight: 114.17
Melting point: -52.5°C
Boiling point: 186°C
Density: 0.835 g/ml
Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid
Vapor pressure: Temperature (°C)

Vapor pressure (mmHg)

62

1.0

98

10.0

136

760

—92—

ii.
Hazards
Possibility of violently reacting with water and igniting hydrocarbon gas. Others: Equivalent to those of TMG.
iii.
Emergency measures, effects on the human body, first-aid treatment, and storage stability: Equivalent
to those of TMG.
III

Containers
Containers filled with semiconductor material gas have an elevated internal pressure and, as such, mustbe handled with particularly great care. Note that it is prohibited to use these containers when alone. Always
use them held in a sealable explosion-proof storage cabinet. Additionally, treat and detoxify waste gases
according to a prescribed method before discharging them. Before handling new containers for the first time,
consult with specialist dealers and establish safe use methods and facilities beforehand. (Also refer to (V)below.)
1. Containers
Semiconductor manufacturing gas-filled containers largely fall into two types. The first types are containers
filled at high pressure, as with nitrogen, hydrogen, silane, or the like, and fitted with a pressure regulator totake out the gas. The second types contain a liquid inside, as with triethylgallium and other organic metals,
and rely on a gasification method, such as carrier gas bubbling, to take out the gas. Containers for highpressure are provided with a pressure regulator mounting screw. On the other hand, those for organic metals
are provided with a fitting for flowing a carrier gas, such as hydrogen gas.
2. Valves for Cylinders - Pressure Regulators
Valves mainly used for semiconductor manufacturing gas-filled containers fall into two types: (1) valves forcompressed gas containers and (2) valves for liquefied gas containers. Their materials are yellow steel, yellow
steel nickel-plated, stainless steel, and the like, selectively used to suit the nature of the gas. The mostimportant point of caution about valves for cylinders is whether the connection screw is a right-hand or lefthand thread screw. Those for flammable gases are left-hand thread screws. Others are right-hand thread
screws.
IV

Liquid Nitrogen
Liquid nitrogen is used by many laboratories of various departments, whether their specialty is physics-,
chemistry-, or biology-related. Nitrogen gas itself is harmless. However, due care must be taken against
frostbite or oxygen deficiency when handling liquid nitrogen.
Handling of Liquid Nitrogen (Warning)
1. Overview
Nitrogen gas is inexpensive and readily available. Additionally, the gas itself is harmless. As such, it tends
to be handled offhandedly. However, due care must be taken against frostbite or oxygen deficiency whenhandling liquid nitrogen.
On March 6, 2018, an accident occurred in which liquid nitrogen spilled over the right knee of a student
transferring liquid nitrogen from a storage tank to a carrier container. Its usage has been made known throughchemical experiment workshops and safety manuals, but this section serves as a renewed call for attention.
2. Usage of Liquid Nitrogen◎ Liquid nitrogen storage equipment and method of use of containers
The job of filling liquid nitrogen from a storage tank to another container (liquid transfer) is only one mistakeaway from frostbite from exposure to liquid nitrogen. Hence, this task demands extreme care.
Always wear safety goggles and cold-temperature work gloves when performing liquid nitrogen pumping
work. Cotton work gloves and the like are undesirable. Do not perform pumping work in outfits such as shortpants and sandals that leave the legs exposed. Do not touch low-temperature liquefied gas directly with ahand, finger, foot, or any other part of the body.
Additionally, a storage tank is under high pressure (035 to 0.95 Mpa), and a careless valve operation willlead to an outburst of high-pressure nitrogen gas, which can be extremely dangerous. In liquid transfer to aliquid nitrogen dewar vessel, insert the saber deep into the mouth of the dewar vessel and slowly open thepumping valve while watching out to ensure the saber is not floated up by the force of re-gasified nitrogengas. When the flexible hose and the dewar vessel become sufficiently cooled inside, further open the pumping
valve. Take care not to open it too much. When the dewar vessel is filled with liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogenhits the guard part of the saber and starts to be scattered to the surroundings. Immediately shut off thepumping valve. After pumping, the flexible hose is frozen. Take care to avoid forcedly bending the saber wheninserting the saber back into the tube.

—93—

A liquid nitrogen dewar features a dual-wall structure with a vacuum section between the two walls. The
safety valve is the part that seals off the vacuum and hence must not be fiddled with by, e.g., unwittingly
removing its cap. When transporting a filled dewar vessel, always tighten the cap on it. Otherwise, if the dewar
vessel is jolted at bumps and dips in the floor, the liquid nitrogen inside may burst out, which can be
dangerous. Serious cases of personal accidents have been reported, including liquid nitrogen splashed on theface.
Additionally, transport dewar vessels by two or more people as much as possible. Do not ride on anelevator with dewar vessels. Put signs stating “Transporting Liquid Nitrogen” in place when transporting dewar
vessels on an elevator.
A hand pump is often used to draw liquid nitrogen from a dewar vessel. This procedure is designed to raise
the pressure inside the container to push liquid nitrogen out. For the suck-up pump, it is important that it is dry.
With water droplets on it, the pump will become frozen and malfunction. Additionally, applying excessive
pressure to the hand pump will cause the hose part to be overpressured to burst, which can be dangerous.
Always try to apply appropriate pressure.
◎ Usage of liquid nitrogeni.An improvement must be devised to prevent liquid nitrogen from “leaking” when feeding liquid nitrogen froma storage container to a laboratory apparatus. Liquid nitrogen evaporates quickly. Hence, exposure to small
droplets does not affect the human body. However, if exposed to a certain amount for a certain period,
human body tissue will be instantaneously frozen (frostbitten). In the event of frostbite, warm the affectedpart with warm water (which must not exceed 42°C). Then, take appropriate measures. Do not massage or
rub the affected part. When a fingertip or the like is frozen, keep it as is and seek immediate medical
treatment.
ii.Ensure proper ventilation when using in large amounts. Any waste gas due to surplus pressure fromlaboratory equipment must be exhausted to a ventilation fan. Staying too long in a laboratory stagnant withgas re-gasified during use poses the risk of suffocation (oxygen deficiency). Caution is required for use in aparticularly tightly sealed room, such as a clean room. Oxygen sensors and other alarm devices are desired
to be installed. When the oxygen concentration in air lowers to or below 15%, oxygen deficiency occurs,
causing unconsciousness, which poses an extreme danger. In the state of oxygen shortage with an oxygen
concentration of 15% to 20%, symptoms such as headache and dizziness will manifest. Note that a single
inhalation of nitrogen gas with an oxygen concentration of 0% results in unconsciousness.
In the event of coming across someone feeling sick or falling unconscious in an oxygen-poor condition, it isnecessary to ventilate the room well, then take the affected person (with an oxygen mask on as necessary)outside of the room and loosen the collar of the clothes to perform oxygen inhalation.
iii.Any room-temperature object must be put slowly into liquid nitrogen. Otherwise, violent boiling will occur,causing the liquid to overflow, which can be dangerous. Additionally, the increased internal pressure due to
re-gasification must be considered when feeding liquid nitrogen to a trap or shroud. Feeding ignoring theincreased pressure may cause mechanically weak points to rupture or become detached, scattering liquid
nitrogen, which can be extremely dangerous.
V Safety Measures for Equipment and Directions for Operation
Sites for handling semiconductor manufacturing gases require safety measures for equipment.
Semiconductor processes must be designed with a particular focus on safety to use large amounts of highly
dangerous gases. Additionally, accidents tend to occur mainly during gas cylinder replacement or when achamber is opened. Purging and other necessary operations must never be omitted.
1.

Workrooms and Container Storage Sites
For experiments that use ignitable or toxic gases, the following safety measures for equipment are desired:(1) A laboratory must be built to be fire-resistant and stagnant gas-free and to maintain an appropriateindoor temperature.
(2) A safe distance must be provided from places constantly accessed by those other than the staff.
Provide a structure and measures that preclude access by anyone other than the staff. Install a lock to
the toxic gas container storage site.

—94—

(3) Considering airflow/ventilation against toxic gases, establish a safety-first work environment.
(4) Keep fire away.
(5) Considering the workability and the emergency evacuation route, conduct experiments in as wide a place
as possible. Be sure to secure escape routes to be used during an unexpected evacuation.
(6) As a rule, electric equipment for workrooms and container storage sites for flammable gases must be built
to be explosion-proof.
2.

Residual Gas Removal by Purging
When installing an ignitable or highly toxic semiconductor gas container on the laboratory apparatus or
removing part of the piping, even a trace of residual gas can be dangerous. Then, the job of flowing aharmless gas, such as nitrogen or argon, becomes necessary to prevent any hazardous gas from remaining.
This operation is called purging. In practice, it is impossible to perform precise gas analysis every time.
Hence, it is necessary to have the basic knowledge for performing effective purging.
The fundamental rule for piping purge is to carefully avoid ending up with gas stagnation points from thepiping design stage. The reference equations for determining the optimum number of purges are shown
below. The following two equations were derived from the premise that the purge and component gases are
mixed instantaneously in the system. Therefore, this aspect must be taken into consideration when applying
the equations.
1) Continuous purging
Continuous purging is a method that flows purge gas at a constant flow rate to replace the content of thesystem of a container. The following equation holds among the initial concentration (Xo) of the reactant gas ofinterest, the concentration (Xn) after the elapse of time t, the internal volume (V), and the purge gas flowrate(Q):
Xn/Xo = exp (- Qt/V)
2) Cycle purging
Cycle purging is a method that repeats the cycle of pressure application and release by pressurizing theinside of the system up to a predetermined pressure with purge gas and then releasing the internal pressureor drawing a vacuum before repeating pressurization.
In this case, the following equation holds among the initial concentration (Xo), the concentration (Xn) after
the n-th purge, the initial pressure (pressure after release, Po), the pressure after pressurization (P), and thenumber of purges (n):Xn/Xo = (Po/P)n
When continuous and cycle purging are compared, the latter is usually more effective. Cycle purging
becomes more advantageous in proportion to the complexity of especially the piping or the system
configuration.
3. Waste Gas Treatment and Ventilation Equipment
Gas exhaust treatment very often involves danger. Therefore, it is necessary to dispose of the gas after
processing it into a safe state free of toxicity or ignitability with a familiar knowledge of the gas, including its
characteristics and hazards.

(1) After detoxification, waste gas must go to an exhaust vent via an exhaust fan. Detoxification methods
include chemical reactions, chemical adsorption, physical adsorption, combustion, and dilution. Amongthese methods, physical adsorption is based on the affinity that enables porous solids to adsorb specificsubstances. Adsorbents such as activated charcoal, silica gels, alumina gels, and molecular sieves arecommercially available. Among these options, the one generally adopted is the harmful gas removal
method based on activated charcoal. For hydride gases, such as AsH3, PH3, and H2S, treatment
methods based on oxidation adsorption with a high detoxification ability are used. The oxidizing agent inuse consists of ferric chloride (FeCl3) being the primary ingredient and porous powder impregnated into
the carrier.
(2) The materials used for flammable/spontaneous gas exhaust systems must be non-combustible.
Additionally, the materials used for non-combustible gas exhaust systems must be corrosion resistant.
(3) If deemed necessary, use a local exhaust ventilation system with an appropriate hood to ensure
worker safety.
(4) Constant ventilation must be equipped, considering the possibility of indoor dispersion of leaked gas.
(5) Operate exhaust fans continuously, e.g., during work. Install alarms that immediately report any fan
failure that may occur.

—95—

4. Gas Leak Detection/Alarming Equipment
Flammable gas leakage will cause an explosion or fire. Toxic gas leakage will pose a hazard to human healthand life. Therefore, it is indispensable to install leak detector alarms for the purpose of identifying theoccurrence and location of leakage as early as possible. Currently, however, these leak detector alarms areavailable in various types but are still new to the market and yet to have an established reputation. Hence, it isadvisable to consult with their manufacturers to make a selection that suits the type and purpose of each gas
used.
It is desirable to monitor particularly highly toxic gases all the time with two or more types of detectors
based on different principles.
5.

Firefighting and Protective Equipment
In workrooms, container storage sites, and the like for flammable and toxic gases, fire extinguishers andgas masks must be regularly stocked with their installed locations identifiably indicated.

(1) Fire extinguishers
Fire extinguishers include those for special fires (such as metal fires), besides carbon dioxide gas, powder,liquid, and foam fire extinguishers. Each has its own features and should be selected according to the type of
dangerous substance. It is important to keep the most suitable ones handy all the time and maintain them with
their service life in mind.
(2) Gas masks
Gas masks include ones that use absorbents, besides the air-supplied respirators shown in the table below.
For absorbent gas masks, the absorbent must be changed according to the type of toxic gas and prepared tosuit the gas used. Airline masks have a positive internal pressure and show resistance to small internal leaks.
However, they have the drawback of a user’s movable range limited by the hose length. SCBAs equipped witha portable cylinder have no restrictions regarding the user’s movable range but have drawbacks, such as ashort continuous operation time because of a limited cylinder volume.
(3) Others
Other protective equipment includes various types, such as protective clothing, gloves, safety helmets,
protective goggles, and stretchers, and must be kept handy to suit gas usage. Additionally, it is also important
to conduct drills to ensure correct use at any time.
Gas masks
Item name

Details・

Airlinemask
・(compressed-air mask)

Self-contained breathingapparatus

・・・・Reliant on a compressed-air line, a compressed air container, and an air
compressor to supply compressed air.
Equipped with a flowrate device and a filtration device midway to control the
air supply rate appropriately to minimize the burden.
Appropriate air supply rate ranging from 100 to 1,501/min.
Air sucked in just by breathing in.
Reliant on a cylinder with a limited amount of breathable air supply. Refilling
work required.
Complete with a cylinder carried on the back and free of restrictions regarding
the user’s movable range.

VI

General Emergency Measures
Anyone handling hazardous gases must understand well the properties of each gas and the work
environment, among other matters, and must always be prepared to take appropriate measures flexibly in an
emergency. In an emergency, efforts must be made to minimize damage. However, affected parties must not
take risky actions without regard for their own lives.

—96—1. Fire Emergency Response Measures
Fire emergency measures are explained elsewhere. This section describes emergency measures specificallyrelated to semiconductor processes.

(1) General precautions(a) In the event of a fire, it is necessary to grasp the degree of the fire and the situation near the site. Withi.Ignition sources
ii.Poisoning from toxic gas leakage
iii.Breakage of containers
iv.Gas explosion due to flammable gas leakage
in mind, among other factors, flexible measures must be taken to prevent personal accidents. In any case,affected parties must make an appropriate estimate of their required evacuation time and take safe actions
accordingly.
(b) In the event of a fire that requires calling the fire department for help, the fire station personnel to beengaged in firefighting must be informed of the presence of toxic and flammable gases and that of highpressure containers that may be broken.
(c) If poisonous or deleterious substances may leak due to a fire or other causes, leading to causing damage
to the surroundings, it is mandatory to make an immediate report to the nearest public health center, police
station, or fire service organization (while the legal reporting obligation applies to arsine, phosphine, stibine,hydrogen selenide, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, arsenic trichloride, and antimony pentachloride, other gases
also have an equivalent or higher toxicity and should be reported according to the procedures describedabove).
(2) Measures for fires in the surrounding areas(a) Move containers to as safe a place as possible.
(b) For containers unable to be moved, keep cooling them with water injection.
(c) If the rise in container temperature is found to be inevitable, expect toxic gas leakage and, with a gas maskon, evacuate the workers near the site and the people in likely affected areas to the windward side.
(d) Additionally, in the event of container breakage, scattering of their contents, and damage to flammable gas
containers, expect a gas explosion and evacuate people near the site.
(3) Measures for fires on containers/manufacturing facilities(a) Decide that leakage of toxic or flammable gas has occurred, immediately evacuate to the windward side,
and warn loudly of toxic gas leakage many times to prompt the workers near the site to evacuate.
(b) Then, with a gas mask on, move the transportable containers in the surroundings to a safe place. Where
containers cannot be transported out, keep cooling all the containers by injecting water from as far a distanceon the windward side as possible.
(c) At the same time, when firefighting is possible depending on the fire situation and causes no leakage of
toxic or flammable gas, or when leakage poses no risk of damage or injury, perform first-aid firefighting. Use
firefighting methods, such as water throwing, dry chemical fire extinguishers, foam fire extinguishers, andhalon fire extinguishers, depending on the situation.
(d) In the event of a manufacturing machinery fire, shut off the valves of gas sources as much as possible.
(e) When a fire spreads and is expected to cause the temperature of other containers or machines to rise,
expect a gas explosion and evacuate the people near the site.

2. Leakage Emergency Measures
In the event of a gas leak from a container or the like, its handling very often involves danger. Therefore, incase of gas leakage, all necessary measures must be taken promptly, considering factors such as the typeand characteristics of the leaked gas and the situation near the site, to minimize the disaster.

—97—

(1) Minor leakage(a) When leakage occurs from the mouth of a cylinder valve, stand on the windward side and firmly tighten thecylinder valve. In this case, wear protective gear as necessary. If the leakage persists with the cylinder valve
closed, be sure to wear a gas mask, fit the outlet cap in place, and then move the leaky container to a safe
place as instructed by the safety officer.
(b) When leakage occurs from somewhere other than the mouth of the cylinder valve, be sure to wear a gas
mask and move the leaky container to a safe place as instructed by the safety management supervisor.
(c) Take appropriate measures when leakage occurs from equipment or a piping system.
(2) Major leakage(a) Immediately evacuate to the windward side and warn loudly of toxic gas leakage many times to prompt thepeople near the site to evacuate.
At the same time, wear protective gear and take flexible measures as the safety management supervisor
instructs.
(b) Keep people away from the leakage site by such a method as roping off its vicinity.
(c) Turn off all fire sources around the leakage site.
(d) If a poisonous or deleterious substance leakage may cause damage to the surroundings, it is mandatory toreport immediately to the nearest public health center, police station, or fire service organization.
(e) In the case of gases for which water spraying is effective, turn on sprinklers.

—98—For the safe operation of machines

Refer to “Safety in the Use of Common Facilities” in addition to what follows. Note that the second andthird-year undergraduate experiments offer many opportunities to use machines in the Centre for Design and
Manufacturing or individual laboratories. Carefully read and fully understand the textbooks in advance. On
experiment days, listen attentively to the instructor’s instructions. Do not hesitate to ask questions if in doubt.
I

Safety Precautions to Take Before Machine Operation(1) Preview the design and operation of the machine.
It is important to listen to the instructor or senior students. Before doing so, read the operating manual ofthe machine carefully. Remember that the laboratory contains various types of machinery and equipment fromdifferent periods, each of which operates differently. The same applies to disassembly and maintenance.
(2) Do not press switches just for the kick of it.
A serious accident can occur when a student, unprepared for class, walks up to a classmate’s machine
and half-jokingly turns on the switch.
(3) Operation during holidays or late-night hours
Do not operate any dangerous machine when alone in the lab. Nobody will come to the rescue in the eventof an emergency.
(4) Be wise and never court danger.
Install safety fencing or protective shelving around hazardous no-go areas to prevent accidental
approaches.
(5) Install anti-scatter protection barriers.
Before operating a machine, place strong protective barriers (steel plates, thick wooden boards, plastic
boards, fine-mesh wire screens, etc.) around the area likely to be sprayed with flying debris. Safety goggles
are effective against fine flying chips.
(6) Clearing of obstacles
Obstacles at the foot or head level can fall over a machine when hit. Do not leave any object in theoperating area of any machine. Otherwise, the object will be knocked flying by the machine during operation.
Inspect with due care.
(7) Clothing precautions
Unbound long hair, long sleeves, oversized gloves, or anything that could be pulled into moving machineparts must be tied, bound, removed, or otherwise properly handled. Avoid wearing shoes with soles that slip
easily on an oil-stained floor. Wear, preferably, JIS-compliant safety shoes or hard-toed leather shoes thatprevent injury from falling heavy objects or tripping.
(8) Mounting of tools and specimens
Tools and specimens may become loose and fly out even if they appear firmly seated. Tighten themcarefully. Check for tightness as you tighten. Chips or debris between mounting surfaces may pose a hazard.
Clean the surfaces before mounting. An improperly mounted workpiece, especially in a cutting operation,
could result in a serious accident. Therefore, always follow the instructor’s instructions for workpiece mounting
in any cutting operation.
(9) Heavy object fixation
Elevated or tall heavy objects must be secured to prevent accidental falling or tipping.

—99—

II
After Machine Startup(1) Call out.
All machine operations must be performed by one person, even when working in a team of two or more.
Before pressing any button, call out to the others to keep them out of harm’s way. Even when working alone,call out to reduce the chance of making mistakes (like train drivers do). Double-check emergency stop switch
locations.
(2) Be wise and never court danger again.
While a machine is running, stay clear and keep your hands away from any moving part or area likely to be
sprayed with flying debris. If a machine needs monitoring, monitor it through a thick plastic plate.
(3) Be all eyes and ears.
Do not just stand around a machine after turning it on. Be all eyes, ears, and nose. An anomaly is
undoubtedly underway if anything unusual is seen, heard, or smelled. Stop the machine immediately.
(4) Turn off the main switch.
When the experiment is finished, turn off the main switch of the power source. Let us say you do not.
Imagine what would happen if someone accidentally pressed the start button on the machine.
(5) Tidy up.
Put tools and other items away after use. This is not only to avoid losing them. It is also to prevent possible
dangers to the next user of the machine. Also, be sure to disable auto-feeding or the like.

III On the Use of Hoist Cranes(1) Hoist cranes and other powered lifting equipment can be used only by qualified persons (who havecompleted a skill training course in slinging and the special training specified by the relevant MHLW
Ordinance). Note that this limitation does not apply to load lifting using a hoist crane or chain block with acapacity of 0.5 tons or less. However, obtain permission and instructions for use from the person in charge ofequipment management.
(2) Stay away from immediately below a hoist crane or other lifting equipment. Wear a helmet. Wear safety
shoes.

—100—

Fire prevention and earthquake
countermeasures
I

Fire prevention countermeasures
The occurrence of a fire carries a high risk of leading to bodily injury. In addition, there are also unfortunate
cases where a fire causes heavy damage to buildings and facilities, as well as where data created with effort
are destroyed. The causes of a fire include gases, chemicals, and electricity, and general precautions aredescribed in this document. For details, refer to the precautions of each item.
1.

Fire prevention
Observe the following precautions:(1) Never use fires in places where an indication that the “use of fire is strictly prohibited” is provided.
(2) Do not place hazardous materials whose quantities exceed the specified level in laboratories.
(3) In laboratories, a means for escape shall always be secured considering the layout of equipment so thateveryone can evacuate to corridors no matter where an accident occurs.
(4) Use complete rubber and vinyl chloride pipes and pay attention to the falling or contact with electriccords.
(5) Use standardized switches, fuses, and electric cords, and avoid overloading electrical circuits and fallingwires over floors.
(6) Place devices that use fire on nonflammable stands and be sure to inspect the breakage of such devices
and scratches on glassware prior to experiments.
(7) Not only avoid placing flammable and combustible substances near heat sources but also always keep
the rooms well-organized.
(8) When using flammable solvents, dispense only the amount needed.
(9) In case of experiments that are not known well and carry risks, avoid conducting them during night-timehours and alone.
(10) Avoid leaving workplaces unmanned while equipment that consumes a large amount of power such as
electric furnaces is energized. Or an unexpected fire may occur. Each person shall make a habit to become
familiar with the locations and usage of fire extinguishers and hydrants.
(11) For smoking, note the following:
1) Smoking is allowed only in several smoking areas located in the campus. Smoke in places equipped withashtrays. Smoking in other places and while walking or riding a bicycle is prohibited.
2) Do not leave burning cigarettes.
3) Do not put burnables, such as paper waste, in the ashtrays.
4) Avoid scattering things that can burn easily, such as paper, around the ashtrays.
5) When cleaning up cigarette butts, confirm that they are completely extinguished such as by pouring waterover them.
6) Those who smoke shall be sure to read the section “Antismoking Measures at This University” describedlater.
2.

Actions to be taken in the event of a fire

(1) Check the state of occurrence of a fire and let those around know the occurrence of the fire.
(2) Extinguish a fire using appropriate fire extinguishers. Early fire can be extinguished easily by
releasing appropriate fire extinguishing agents without mishandling fire extinguishers. In such a case, do
not panic. (For details on fire extinguishers, refer to the table on page 102)(3) Depending on the situation, one of the workers in the workplace shall push the alarm button and thennotify the fire department of the place and status of the fire on the phone. (Refer to the action items in an
emergency.)(4) Turn off power and gas sources to prevent secondary disasters. Eliminate items that can burn easily
around the fire immediately.
(5) If clothes catch fire, smother the fire with the hands or items available immediately or pour nearby
water over the head. Furthermore, rolling on the floor or ground to smother the fire is also recommended.

—101—

(6) In the event of a fire in a draft, stopping the ventilation is recommended considering the spread of the firein the upward direction and the effect of fire extinction.
However, depending on the situation, such as where smoke or toxic gas is generated, it is better to continue
the ventilation. The determination of it shall be made after carefully verifying explosive materials and thesituation.
(7) If ignition occurs from the blowout of flammable gas from the cylinder, try to eliminate as many
combustibles as possible around the fire without extinguishing the fire.
(8) In the event of a blowout of flammable gas without causing ignition, eliminate the ignition source by turning
off the power at the furthest place possible from the blowout. Then, open the window for ventilation, and try to
block the blowout port if possible.
(9) If there is a risk of generation of toxic gas, wear gas protection equipment when fighting a fire or at least try
to extinguish the fire from the upwind side.
*For outdoor places on the Koganei Campus where fires are used, refer to the figure below.
To
Hachioji

To Shinjuku andTokyo

JR Chuo Line

KaikisenNursery
SchoolArchery range

Music studioWarehouse

Futsal court
Athletic
groundPumping
chamber
Tennis court

Shared facility foroutside activities

Bulk garbage
collection
point

Toilet attached
to athleticgroundShared material
storage

Designated area
to use fire

Liberal arts
Parking area
circle facilities (12 cars)
Sharedwarehouse

Martialarts gym
Training room

Kyudo
range
Facilities fortrainings

Parking area
(11 cars)Showerroom

Building
14

Dressing roomParking area(1
cars)

Environment
management
facilities

Parkingarea (12cars)

Residence Tokyo University ofAgriculture and Technology

Parking area
(17 cars)Shared center for
old/new-generation
mobile display
materials

Advance
Shared d scienceclerical laborator
work
y buildingbuilding

Parkingarea (11cars)

Parkingarea forbikes

Parkingarea (22cars)

Administr
ation
building

Koganei International
House
Electrica
l roomParkingarea forbikes

Generalassembly
hall

BASE mainbuilding

Buildin
g8
Po
ndParkingarea (5
cars)

Power
transforming facilities

Pumping
chamberEast
gate

Hazardous chemicals
storage

Parkingarea forbikes

Mechanical system experimentbuilding

Building 3

Pond

Parkingarea (14cars)

Building 13

Building
11

Building 2

Building 5

Parkingarea (31cars)
Hazardous
materials
storehousePowertransforming
facilities

Building 9
Lecturebuilding

Po
ndParking
Parking area forarea for bikes
bikes

Parking area for bikes

Motorcycle parking
area (100motorcycles)

Building
7

Nature and Science Museum

Guard
stationMain gate

Parkingarea (20
cars)

Power
receivingfacilities

Bioresource laboratorybuilding(VBL
building)
Facilities
attached to
Nature andScienceMuseumMap of outdoor places where fires are used

—102—

140th Anniversary
Hall

Parkingarea roof
CAD/CAMlaboratorybuilding

Parkingarea (6cars)

Parkingarea (50cars)

Hazardous
materials
storage
Building 10
Parkingarea forbikes

Parking area
(9 cars)

Parkingarea forbikes
Parking area (29 cars)

Building
12(Electronic
computer building)

Building 1

Po
nd
Building4

PergolaParkingarea forbikes
Parkingarea (6cars)

Center for Design
Parkin and Manufacturing
g area(4
New
cars)
Building 1

Parkingarea (15cars)
Pumping
chamber

Student
dormitoryFirecistern

Nextgeneration
capacitor
research
centerKoganeidormitory #2

Building B

Parkingarea forbikes

Parkingarea (6
cars)

Libra
ry

Building 6

Facility for outside activities

RI
research
facilities

Koganei Library
Gymnas
ium

West
gate

Power
transformin Parking area (7g facilities cars)

RI liquid
waste
holding tankshedStudent
dormitory

Building A

Tokyo University of Agriculture
Parking and Technology and(Shared area (6 Tamakoganei Venture Port
research cars)
facilities)(Incubation facilities)

University Research
Administration Center

Fire
cistern3. Evacuation(1) If it is determined that the occurrence of a fire or the generation of gas cannot be controlled by the meansof initial firefighting, evacuate to safer places immediately.
(2) Fires that can be extinguished with fire extinguishers are generally limited to the combustion of interior wallmaterials, although it depends on the situation. Since it is difficult to extinguish the fire if the ceiling starts to
combust, evacuate immediately in such a case.
(3) When leaving a room, handle gas sources, power sources, and hazardous materials, and then close theexit door after confirming that there is no one inside.
(4) If no information on the selection of evacuation routes in corridors is available through announcements,
escape to the windward side while watching the movement of smoke.
(5) Do not use elevators because they may stop even if the electricity is not off.
(6) Stairs are dangerous because they become the path of smoke. It is necessary to consider escape routes
and the construction of buildings and know where emergency exits are on a routine basis.
(7) If there is a lot of smoke, put a hand towel over the mouth and keep a low posture while evacuating. It
takes much time until the smoke moves down to the floor.
(8) In case of urgency where emergency stairs and ladders cannot be used, open the window and call for help
in a loud voice.
(9) Rooftops are considered to be relatively safer places for evacuation.
Types and characteristics of fire extinguishers
Types of fire
Components
Characteristics
extinguishers
Water fire
extinguisher
Carbondioxide fire
extinguisher

Water

Carbon dioxide

Dry chemical
fire
Ammonium
extinguisher phosphate(A, B, and C)

Applicable toNot
Principle of fireapplicable to extinction

General andelectric fires*

Oil fire

Cooling action

General fire

Smothering andcooling actions

Suitable for laboratories
because of less dirt
Oil and electric
after fire extinction,
fires
short firing distance,
and weak against wind
Profound fire extinction
effectGeneral and oil
Short radiative timefires*
Significant influence on
Electric firechemicals andequipment

Smothering andinhibiting actions

Reinforced
liquid fire
Potassium
extinguisher carbonate(A, B, and C)Long firing distance
General and oil
Effective against fires fires*that are likely to persist Electric fire*

Mechanicalfoam fire
extinguisher

Surface active
agent

Combines theimmediate effectivity ofGeneral and oil
dry chemicals and thefires
reliability of waterbased substances

Electric fire

Smothering andcooling actions

Chemicalfoam fire
extinguisher

Sodiumhydrogencarbonate andaluminumsulphate

Effective for fire
extinction on verticalsurfaces Heavy dirt
after fire extinction

General and oil
firesElectric fire

Smothering andcooling actions

Halon 1301
fire
extinguisher

Does not contaminate
Bromotrifluorom affected properties
ethaneSuitable for computer
fire

Oil and electric
fires

General fire

Smothering andinhibiting
actions*Fire
extinguisher Salt and sugar
for metal fire*If radiated in the form of a mist

Metal and steric
fires

—103—

Cooling andinhibiting*actions

Smothering andinhibiting actions

II

Earthquake countermeasures(1) Because tall objects fall, the upper parts of bookshelves, steel shelves, and lockers shall be fixed to
the wall with anchor bolts.
(2) Even heavy loads that are normally difficult to move start to move under even acceleration in theevent of an earthquake. Because there are cases where people may be injured by getting caught
between heavy loads, attach them securely to the floor with anchor bolts. In addition, the legs of adjacentdesks shall be bound with wire.
(3) Gas cylinders shall be attached to the wall with thick chains to prevent them from falling.
(4) Chemicals and hazardous materials shall be stored in the low position in refrigerators. In additions,computers, measuring instruments, and other devices that are used on desks or in racks shall be
secured to prevent them from slipping.
(5) In the event of an earthquake, turn the stove off immediately to prevent a fire. Rooms in which fires
are used on a routine basis shall not be left unmanned.
(6) Be always careful to put things straight and keep the areas that are used as evacuation passages
clear. In addition, check the locations of evacuation passages, evacuation ladders, and emergency exits.
(7) In the event of an earthquake, evacuate to predetermined places without panic depending on thesituation. The places of evacuation shall be discussed and determined in each department on a routine
basis.
(8) If riding on an elevator, immediately get off at the next floor. (Read the notes posted in the elevators
on a routine basis.)(9) Read the Manual on the Initial Response to an Earthquake that is prepared for the case where an
earthquake measuring upper 5 or more occurs in the Tama area.

—104—

Safety in laboratories
I

General precautions(1) For safety, be fully aware of the structures and usage conditions of the buildings that are used daily. In
particular, the locations of escape doors (emergency exits), fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, and fire
alarms shall always be remembered just in case. (Check their locations that are described in the drawingof each building.) In addition, because of the equipment related to fire alarms, fire detectors are placedon the ceiling of each room, and fire shutters, fire hydrants, and emergency stairs are provided on eachfloor. The methods for handling them shall be disseminated by holding a periodic explanatory meeting ineach building every year.
(2) The locking of the windows and doors in each laboratory and the handling and management of water,gas, electricity, and other fires and hazardous materials are conducted under the responsibilities of the
management representatives (educators) of each laboratory. Those who have become the members of
the laboratories as postgraduates, graduates, and research students shall get used to the safety
management system as soon as possible according to the instructions of educators and shall observe
the rules. The last persons leaving each laboratory shall confirm that the windows/doors are closed, andthe water/gas valves and power sources are closed according to the safety checklist, sign the list, andconfirm that the entrances and windows are locked before leaving. If there are pieces of equipment thatare in operation all night for accomplishing the research, inspect them and confirm that they areoperating with no problem.
(3) The last persons leaving each floor shall confirm that the lights of corridors and rest rooms are
switched off and the emergency doors on each floor are locked. Emergency doors shall be locked
ordinarily without using them.
II

Countermeasures against earthquakes and fires
There are lots of earthquakes in the Kanto area. On upper floors, earthquake vibrations may be more thandouble that on the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to consider minimal earthquake countermeasures inadvance. For details, refer to the “Fire Prevention and Earthquake Countermeasures.”III

Safe handling of chemicals
For details, refer to the section “How to Use Chemicals Safely.” Here, only basic precautions aredescribed.

(1) When handling reagents, check the physical properties and the existence of applicable laws andregulations in advance. In particular, carefully do this for the reagents that are handled for the first timeand ask for instructions from faculty members if it is difficult to make a determination.
(2) Be sure to separate flammable/explosive substances from ignition sources, water reactive
substances from water, and materials that are hazardous to mix from each other, and implement
countermeasures to prevent them from influencing each other carelessly.
(3) A wide variety of chemicals are handled in the laboratories. Some of them have strong corrosive andtoxic properties, and mixing them may react explosively, ignite, or generate toxic gases. Therefore, it isnecessary to handle them after carefully examining the properties of the chemicals to be used.
(4) Each chemical shall be stored in predetermined places.
(5) Experiments using chemicals shall be performed in a draft chamber with a white coat and protective
plastic gloves, as well as a gas mask as needed and protective goggles for those who do not ordinarily
wear glasses.
(6) When handling chemicals at risk of causing an explosion, ignition, or acute toxicity, experiments
shall not be performed alone. In addition, regardless of chemicals, experiments shall not be performedlate at night.
(7) When storing reagents that need to be refrigerated, the temperature inside the refrigerator storingsuch reagents may rise from a power outage. Therefore, implement measures considering suchpossibilities.
(8) If a chemical is subdivided into different containers, attach labels to them immediately to prevent themix-up of the contents.
(9) For the treatment and disposal of chemicals, carefully read the Guidelines for Handling Liquid Waste
issued by the environment management facility of this university and follow the instructions.
(10) Wash the instruments used carefully and dispose of liquid waste into predetermined containers.

—105—

IV

Prevention of hazards due to gases
Perform the following in advance before handling gases in the laboratories. In addition, also refer to thesection “Safety Works for Hazardous Gases.”(1) Before performing experiments using gases, carefully investigate and fully know the properties of thegas to be used or generated (in particular, specific gravity, explosion limit, ignition point, etc.) in advance.
(2) In order to take immediate action in the event of a gas leakage, check the locations of the fire
extinguishers and protective equipment that are applicable to the type of the gas and contents of thereactant.
1.

Flammable gas
Handling of flammable gases used in laboratories(1) Do not use close to fire. In case of an unexpected fire, check the locations of fire extinguishers.
(2) Consider that there is always an ignition source and be careful not to create a gas state that may
cause a combustion.
(3) In the event of a leakage of a large amount of gas, report it to nearby people and evacuate
immediately. If there is time to spare, turn off the gas to stop the fire and open windows.
(4) To detect a leakage under pressure, using foam made with soap solution is easy. At normalpressures, a leakage can be detected only by checking the decrease in the gas burette.
(5) Handle gases with wide explosive range (For example, hydrogen: 4.00% to 74.20%, carbon
monoxide: 12.50% to 74.20%, hydrogen sulfide: 4.30% to 45.50%, acetylene: 2.50% to 80.00%) withgreat care.
2.

Handling of city and propane gases
Recognize the properties of gases and functions of devices well, and observe the followings:(1) Do not use any other gases than the ones indicated on the gas appliances.
(2) Supply enough air and always provide adequate ventilation in order to prevent incomplete
combustion.
(3) Become familiar with the properties of city gas and pay the greatest attention to gas leakage. Whenconnecting a gas main and a combustion device with a rubber pipe, use a designated band to ensure
reliability, and it is necessary to pay constant attention to the damage and deterioration of the rubber
pipe. If there is no other choice but to lay the rubber pipe on the floor, be sure to apply a robust
protective pipe.
(4) In the event of a gas leakage, turn off the gas at the main and then open the windows to ventilate byallowing the breeze to pass through the room. Do not use ventilating fans because the sparks that are
generated at the moment when the fans are turned on may cause an explosion.
(5) In principle, do not leave the place unmanned while gases are used.
(6) When turning off the gas at the main, be sure to check if the gas is not used by others. Turning off thegas at the main without noticing the use by others is very dangerous because the gas leaks when thegas is turned on at the main the next day.
3.

High-pressure gas
Because high pressure gases are high in pressure and leakage or breakage may lead to the serious
hazards of explosions, fires, toxication, and injuries, observe the following:(1) A container certificate is attached to each high-pressure gas container, and the shoulder of eachcontainer has engraved marks. Check them before use.

—106—

(2) High-pressure gases shall be handled by those who have adequate knowledge and experience.
(3) When the containers are set up vertically for storage, secure them to the wall or pillar with a chain toprevent them from falling. There was a case where the valve of a fallen container broke and thecontainer was blown as far as 600 meters.
(4) When the containers are placed horizontally, secure them in a reliable manner to prevent them fromrolling.
(5) After replacing a container, check for any leakage from the intake of a pressure regulator using
soapy solution or other means. In addition, provide adequate indoor ventilation.
(6) Use pressure regulators that are suitable for the types of gases used. In particular, use thededicated ones for oxygen because it may react with oils or fats to catch fire.
(7) In the event of a leakage of a toxic gas, immediately evacuate to the windward side and shout
repeatedly that a toxic gas is leaking to evacuate nearby people. For subsequent actions, follow the
instructions from faculty members.
(8) During transportation, wearing safety shoes and gloves, applying a valve protection cap, and using
a dedicated hand truck for gas cylinders are preferred. In places where hand trucks cannot be used or ifthey are not available, inclining a cylinder slightly and transporting it by rolling at the edge of its bottom
are recommended. In such a case, pay attention to slippery floors. Do not drag gas cylinders, slip themdown over stairs, and roll them in a horizontal position.
(9) Be sure to use liquefied gases and acetylene with the cylinders set up vertically.
4.

Low-temperature liquefied gases(1) Pay attention to prevent low-temperature liquefied gases, such as liquid nitrogen and oxygen, fromcontacting the skin directly because they may cause cold injuries. In particular, wearing goggles and aface shield is recommended to protect the eyes.
(2) Gasifying low-temperature liquefied gases rapidly in containers with a small opening may cause an
explosion. In addition, provide adequate ventilation because gasifying a large amount of liquid nitrogen ina small space may cause oxygen deficiency.
(3) Do not store combustibles near liquid nitrogen. At another university, there was an accident where a
researcher who was carrying liquid nitrogen stumbled and fell, the liquid nitrogen spilled over the asphalt
pavement in front of the researcher, a metallic ballpoint pen dropped out of the pocket and generated
sparks, and the asphalt burst into flames, resulting in the loss of vision in both eyes.
V Countermeasures against electric injuries and hazards
In many laboratories, experiments are performed using equipment that employs high voltage or large current.
Associated accidents are electric shock, short circuits, and electric leakage. These are the most dangerous
among accidents. Failure to confirm safety may lead to the loss of human life. The safety measures againstelectric shock are described in “For Safe Handling of Electricity” in detail. Read this section thoroughly andacquire the knowledge about electric shock prevention to learn how to protect oneself from accidents.
VI

Precautions for using large-sized equipment and machines
In some laboratories, large-sized advanced equipment is used frequently. In addition, there are cases
where prefabricated equipment is used or where it is necessary to design and fabricate equipment intended
for experiment by ourselves. In such cases, machine tools, such as a lathe, need to be operated by ourselves.
Because using such equipment and machines in the wrong manner could lead to a serious accident, it isinevitable to understand the operation method and mechanism fully.

(1) When using dangerous equipment and facilities that are shared among courses or located inlaboratories, apply to the persons responsible for the handling of such equipment/facilities and strictly
observe the precautions.
(2) To use shared workshops, apply to the persons in charge of the management of such workshops
and observe predetermined rules.
(3) In many experiments, various types of measuring devices are used in combination. In such cases,
power lines, pipes, and hoses are likely to be laid on the floor in a messy manner. It is very dangerous if
anyone trips over them during an experiment. Always keep the experiment environment well-organized
and secure safety over the head and at the foot.

—107—

(4) Experiments shall be performed by two or more people. If an experimenter has an accident, anotherco-experimenter can conduct the appropriate rescue work.
(5) Although measuring systems are increasingly automated recently, it is very dangerous to rely too
heavily on machines and to leave everything to them. In particular, leaving before confirming the function
is working adequately or going to a far place that prevents you from coping with unexpected
abnormalities immediately at an early stage shall be avoided.
(6) When thinking about the layout of equipment, make considerations in order to ensure safety even in
the event of a mis operation or component failure from the viewpoint that humans make mistakes andequipment fails (failproof and fail-safe).
VII Prevention of injuries caused by rotating machines(1) Electric motors are used in vacuum devices and drilling machines. When operating a rotatingmachine with large machine energy like this, attention needs to be paid to the clothes to prevent themfrom getting caught in the machine. Avoid wearing work clothes with long hems or a tie, and do not put
the head close to the rotating part more than necessary. Experimenters may also get injured if other
instruments or nearby objects are caught in the machine. Give consideration to the layout ofexperimental equipment and organizing of belongings such as writing utensils.
(2) When performing an experiment jointly with several experimenters, the switch-on operation as well asactivation of equipment shall be performed while giving the signals loudly among the members and aftergetting confirmation from all members.
(3) Open and close switches completely. There is a concern that half-open switch may be turned on by avibration or contact.
VIII Prevention of injuries caused by light beams, radiation, and strong magnetic fields.

(1) Laser light beams, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, and microwaves could cause damage to the eyesand skin. Take care so that the laser light does not get into the eyes. Wear safety goggles because theoptical paths of infrared rays are invisible. Do not look straight at ultraviolet rays and intense lights
associated with arc discharge. If there is no other choice but to look straight at them, wear safety
goggles. Provide adequate blocking because intense microwaves could cause burn injuries or eye
disorders.
(2) The use of radiation sources is strictly regulated by the Act on Prevention of Radiation Hazards due toRadioisotopes. Therefore, the experimenters who use radiation sources are required to perform radiation
experiments under the supervision and direction of a radiation protection supervisor. Refer to III“Radiation Laboratories” in “Safety in the Use of Shared Facilities.”(3) In experiments that use various types of radiation, such as X-rays, and strong magnetic fields, suchas nuclear magnetic resonators, they are not visible, and adverse effects on the body surely exist.
Therefore, take all precautions for protection from them. For the experiments using them, refer to I
“Shared Equipment” in “Safety in the Use of Shared Facilities.”
Ⅸ Staying Safe during Experiments at Night and on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays
In principle, you should conduct experiments and practical training at the university during the daytime on
weekdays. This includes student experiments as well as research for theses, dissertations, etc. One reason isthat the concentration needed to conduct experiments at night is often lacking due to fatigue or drowsiness.
This can result in the loss of valuable samples and time due to failed experiments and presents a highpossibility of accidents and injuries.
It is also difficult to take appropriate measures if an accident occurs when you are conducting an experimentalone at night and/or on a holiday. If you lack experience, conduct experiments under the guidance ofsomeone familiar with the procedure, such as an academic advisor. Plan your schedule so that you canreceive instruction during the daytime on weekdays between lectures and other activities. There have also
been reports that suspicious persons and thefts occur on campus at night and on holidays. From a crime
prevention standpoint, it is not safe to be in unpopulated places, especially at night.
If you must conduct an experiment at night or at any time on a Saturday, Sunday or holiday for an
unavoidable reason, always ask for instructions from your academic advisor. Please refer to the following
instructions to ensure that your experiment is carried out safely:1) Wear safe and appropriate clothing. Wear a lab coat made of flame-retardant materials and avoid exposing
your skin whenever possible. Wear gloves and protective equipment as necessary.
2) Secure sufficient experiment space and organize and clean the area. Keep laboratory tables, instruments
and equipment clean. Secure sufficient space for your experiment to avoid causing an accident.

—108—3) In addition to having a thorough understanding of the principles of the experiment and the operations
necessary, you should know the procedures for aftertreatments. When your experiment may produce
unknown reactions or when you conduct unfamiliar tests, be cautious, including conducting preliminary
experiments with small amounts of samples first.
4) Assume that accidents may occur and be prepared to handle them. Check whether the laboratory has gas
valves, switches, fire extinguishers and emergency safety showers, and secure emergency evacuation routes.
Take all possible precautions, such as checking the posted emergency contact chart in laboratories, etc. andconfirming that first-aid kits and emergency medical treatment are available.
5) Never conduct experiments alone. This is extremely dangerous if an accident should occur. This isespecially true at night and on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, when few people are around to help.
The above items are not necessarily limited to securing safety during night and holidays. However, since it isdifficult to obtain the assistance and advice of others during these hours, if you must conduct experiments do
so with particular care. In addition, when operating experimental equipment continuously over a holiday orovernight, thoroughly consider in advance whether there is any risk of fire, explosion or other hazards.

X

Other precautions(1) Perform experiments in the daytime if possible. If there is no other choice but to operate anexperiment device all night, an operator shall stay near the device in order to cope with electric outage orwater outage.
(2) If there is no other choice but to get away from the device in operation, ask someone near thedevice to monitor it. Also disseminate the dangerousness of the relevant device to the people around it.
(3) Do not contact directly to furnaces in the experiments that use high temperatures.
(4) If water contacts a hot section, it gasifies rapidly to cause a vapor explosion.
(5) Inspect glassware carefully before use and avoid using the one with scratches. Pay attention thisparticularly in cases where depressurization, pressurization, and heating are performed.
(6) Because the water pressure in the water system varies significantly and rises between midnight andearly morning. Therefore, in the equipment in which water is flown during the night, use a dedicatedrubber hose or plastic pipe and fasten the connection with a band or wire. Because the floor is aging, awater leakage could cause tremendous damage to the equipment on the lower floor and could cause anelectric leakage.
(7) The electrical wiring allowed in laboratories is the wiring from a distribution board or power strip to
the relevant equipment; therefore, wires shall not be attached to buildings without permission. Semipermanent wiring shall be requested to qualified people, such as the staff of the Facility Maintenance
Section.
(8) Select cords, power strips, and sockets compliant with appropriate standards, considering theproperties of electrical equipment used such as voltage and allowable current as well as usage
environment. The allowable current limit of general sockets and power strips of 100 V AC is 10 A.
Stay alert to gas leakage, generation of hazardous and toxic gases, spontaneous ignition, heating,inadvertent fire and water leakage. Fully understand the properties of gases (correct knowledge on
physical properties) and the method for handling gas cylinders properly.

—109—

XI

In the laboratories where hazardous chemicals are handled, each member shall particularly be aware of
the safe handling method and the measures to be taken in the event of an accident.

(9) Pay attention to the falling prevention for chemical shelves and gas cylinders due to an earthquake.
(10) Organic solvent waste, photo-processing waste, and other waste shall undergo treatment such as
neutralization according to the descriptions Guidelines for Handling Liquid Waste (Environment
Management Facilities of the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology) and shall be stored in asafe manner until the day of collection and treatment according to the segregation and storage category
table. The date of collection and treatment is notified to each laboratory in each case in writing. Liquid
waste containing biological samples, such as microorganisms, shall be disposed of after they aresterilized.
(11) Pay as much attention as possible to inadvertent injuries and the prevention of bodily injuries in theevent of a hazard. Educators shall confirm that students have casualty insurance and implement theappropriate measures.
(12) When leaving laboratories, confirm that the power source is turned off and the gas and water valves
are closed in each laboratory. Also confirm that hazardous chemicals and cylinders are properly treated
and that the windows and entrance of each laboratory are locked.
(13) In case of an emergency, contact the department head and educators of the laboratory immediately.
For this purpose, an emergency contact list shall be posted in a conspicuous place such as a wall in alaboratory. (Refer to page 111.)(14) When using dangerous equipment and facilities that are shared among courses or located inlaboratories, apply to the persons responsible for the handling of such equipment/facilities and strictly
observe the precautions.
(15) To use shared workshops, apply to the persons in charge of the management of such workshops
and observe predetermined rules.

—110—

—111—

Safety for common use facilities
I

Common use systems
At the Koganei Campus, you can use the following systems:
Common use system nameInstalled in

Supplement (described later)

Transmission electron microscope

Instrumentation Analysis Center

1

Scanning electron microscope

Instrumentation Analysis Center

1

Single crystal X-ray automatic analyzer Instrumentation Analysis Center

2

Multipurpose X-ray diffractometer
Instrumentation Analysis Center
Nuclear magnetic resonance systems
Instrumentation Analysis Center(300, 400, 500 MHz)
X-ray photoelectron spectrometer
Instrumentation Analysis Center
Thin-film material crystalline analysis XInstrumentation Analysis Center
ray diffractometer
Solid-state NMR system
Instrumentation Analysis Center
Mass spectrometers (EI, FAB, ESI,
Instrumentation Analysis Center
MALDI)
Atomic force microscope
Instrumentation Analysis Center2

X-ray microanalyzer

Instrumentation Analysis Center

5

Powder X-ray analyzer

Instrumentation Analysis Center

5

Tensile tester

Building 4

6

3
4
2
3

Centerfor
Designand See “II. Center for Design and
Various machining tools
Manufacturing
Manufacturing.”
On the side of the Main Gate
Liquid nitrogen storage tank
7
Guardhouse
To use the systems, take the necessary steps by referencing the website of the Research Center for
Science and Technology (Instrumentation Analysis Center) (http://web.tuat.ac.jp/~kiki/instrument/index.html).
The systems described below, among others, require careful attention to safety.
1.

Electron microscopes
These systems are commonly used in TUAT and kept safe in normal operation though they are operated
with high voltage of 120 kV. However, these systems may be still harmful so users must pay close attention to
the following points:
i.Register yourself as an X-ray system user to use the transmission electron microscope.
ii.Receive a lecture from the facility administrator before using the systems.
iii.Do not touch unnecessary parts for normal observation, such as the back and the high voltage power supply
of a system.
iv.Pay close attention to the operation of a system because the equipment room is darkened duringobservation.
v.Suspend the operation of a system and contact the person in charge immediately in case of an unusual or
emergency situation.
2.

Single crystal X-ray automatic analyzer and thin-film material crystalline analysis X-ray diffractometer
Pay particularly careful attention to X-ray exposure during the use of these systems. For this reason,
precautions for X-ray exposure are described below. These systems include the following five X-ray
generators:—112—

1. Rotating anode X-ray generator (Rigaku ultraX18)
Rated output: 18 kW (60 kV, 300 mA)
2. Multipurpose X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku SmartLab)
Rated output: 9 kW (45 kV, 200 mA)
3. Encapsulated tube X-ray generator (Spectris X'Pert-MRD)
Rated output: 3 kW (60 kV, 50 mA)
4. Multipurpose thin-film X-ray diffractometer (Bruker AXS D8 Discover)Rated output: 6 kW (50 kV, 120 mA)
5. Single crystal X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku XtaLABmini)
Rated output: 0.6 kW (50 kV, 12 mA)
Since both the X-ray generators and X-ray diffractometers are shielded with X-ray preventive covers, no Xray exposure will occur in normal diffraction experiments. In fact, all accidents occur unexpectedly. To prevent
them, it is essential to be aware of safety at all times and to be familiar with X-ray generators and theiroperation mechanisms. The detailed precautions are described below:
i.Consult the equipment administrator about the use of the systems and receive a lecture before using them.
ii.Conduct an experiment under an expert’s guidance if you are unfamiliar with a system.
iii.Register yourself as an X-ray system user to use the X-ray systems.
iv.To change an optical system, obtain the equipment administrator’s approval and receive a lecture on how tochange it before doing so. In addition to this, restore the optical system to the original state and adjust it after
the completion of measurement.
v.Conduct measurements according to the manuals distributed in a lecture. Do not operate a system in ways
other than those described in the manuals, in principle.
vi.Do not open the X-ray preventive cover during X-ray radiation (during measurement), in principle. When you
unavoidably open the X-ray preventive cover, close the X-ray radiation window (shutter) (i.e., suspend
measurement).
vii.The X-ray preventive cover has a warning buzzer that sounds upon the opening of the cover, so do not turnon/off this circuit.
viii.In addition, follow the Radiation Damage Preventive Regulations of TUAT.
3.

Nuclear magnetic resonance systems
The common use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems (AL-300, ECX-400, ECA-500, and ECX400 Solid-state) apply superconducting magnets (SCM) to achieve high resolution. The current systems havelower stray magnetic fields; however, you must be aware of the following points to correctly to use thesystems safely.

(1)

Care for wide magnetic fields

An SCM generates a very high magnetic field, which expands widely up and down, left and right. Pay close
attention to this magnetic field to prevent it from being harmful.
i.Care for the influences of static or variable magnetic fields on medical electronic devices
Precision medical electronic devices, such as cardiac pacemakers could be inoperative when they are
exposed to a magnetic field of 5 gausses or more. Blood vessels, artificial organs, and surgical implants are
subject to a strong force near an SCM because they include highly magnetic field substances. If a person withimplants suddenly moves in a magnetic field area, in addition, an eddy current is induced by these implants
and may result in severe damage, such as heat generation.

—113—

ii.Care for strong magnetic pull force
A small device attracted to a magnet may be a projectile that can harm people while a large device (suchas gas cylinders and power supplies) attracted to a magnet may catch the human body or the limbs between
them. The closer to the magnet and the heavier thew device is, the stronger this pull force becomes. For thisreason, do not put a side cutting plier, a driver, staples, a steel chair, and other devices within 1.5 m of themagnet. To store and transfer compressed gas and cryogenic liquids, in addition, you must use nonmagnetic
cylinders and dewars, as well as nonmagnetic tools for transfer.
iii.Care for direct influences of high magnetic fields on devices
Watches, tape recorders, cameras, and other devices will be magnetized and irreparably damaged if they
are exposed to a magnetic field of 10 gausses or more. In addition to this, magnetically written data in credit
cards and magnetic tape could be disordered. A transformer will be inoperative due to magnetic saturation
when it is exposed to a magnetic field of 50 gausses or more. Safety functions of devices may be also
inoperative. Since magnetic levels in which a device safely operates depend on a type of the device, you must
contact the device’s manufacturer to check them.
The upper limits of magnetic fields and which devices can operate normally under them are shown below:
1 gauss(2)…

5 gausses…

10 gausses
20 gausses
50 gausses…
…
…

Photomultiplier tubes, gamma cameras, electron microscopes, precision
measuring apparatus
Automobiles, cathode-ray tubes, cardiac pacemakers, neurostimulators, living
body stimulators
Computers, X-ray tubes, watches, credit cards
Magnetic recorders
Magnet power supplies, sim power supplies, RF power amplifiers

Safe handling of cryogenic liquids (helium and nitrogen)

Cryogenic liquids present at their boiling points though they are stored in heat-insulated containers, suchas dewars. The volumes of such liquids are drastically increased, about 700 times for helium and nitrogen,through natural evaporation. To prevent the risk of container explosion, thus, you must not seal containers ofcryogenic liquids (except for those equipped with a check valve to prevent air from flowing backward into thecontainer). Store cryogenic liquids in well-ventilated places. If the ventilation of a room is poor, the gas
concentration in the room unusually increases when a large volume of liquid is spilled (or a liquid is used in aclosed room); this will likely result in a lack of oxygen and could be harmful to the human body. In case ofunusual gas concentration, warn the people around you.
i.Handling of cryogenic liquids
When you handle cryogenic liquids, wear a protective cloth with long sleeves (except for sweaters andother similar clothing that are easily permeating liquid) and dry Southern or PVC-made gloves to prevent
frostbite. Wear gloves loosely in order to take off them easily when a cryogenic liquid is spilled onto thegloves.
When a cryogenic liquid is transferred to another container or an object (such as pipes) with normal
temperature is inserted into a cryogenic liquid container, the liquid first boils violently and then splashes. Metal
pipes should be used for passing liquid because rubber and vinyl pipes could be broken from the impact offrostbite. When you handle a pipe, do not direct the outlet of it to another person.
Since liquid nitrogen and helium have lower temperature than liquid oxygen, oxygen in the ambient air is incontact with these liquids for a long time to be condensed, increasing the condensation of oxygen excessively.
For this reason, flammable materials on a cooled surface could cause a fire; keep flammable materials andfire away.
ii.Frostbite
The skin suffers from frostbite when it touches a cryogenic liquid or a vapored cold gas. If a poorly
protected part of the body touches pipes and containers for cryogenic liquids that are not heat-insulated, theskin could be stuck and damaged.

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iii.First aid
If the eye or the skin is affected by a cryogenic liquid, pour a large volume of cool or lukewarm water to theaffected part immediately and apply a cold compress to it. Do not use hot water and hot air. Consult aphysician immediately.
iv.Containers
Use only nonmagnetic containers dedicated for cryogenic liquids. To attempt to prevent cryogenic liquids
from touching air, attach check valves or dedicated lids to containers.

(3)

Environmental safety check

i.Emergency measures
Ensure that external emergency rescuers completely understand and follow the precautions below in caseof fire and other accidents:〇 There are very strong magnets in the room.
〇 Do not use water for extinguishing fires on magnets and electrical equipment.
〇 Use nonmagnetic extinguishers (made of aluminum or stainless) in a high magnetic field area.
In case of fire, activate a fire alarm and evacuate people other than emergency rescuers from the area.
When you extinguish a fire, use an electrical equipment fire extinguisher (powder fire extinguisher). If you
cannot prepare nonmagnetic fire extinguishers, extinguish a fire at a distance of at least 2 m from the magnet.
*Note: If you extinguish a fire with water, the drain of a cryostat is frozen by water, the cryostat could thenexplode in the worst case.
ii.Emergency measures for earthquake
In case of an earthquake, an SCM could experience a quench (the loss of superconductivity) or fall down.
Ensure an evacuation route immediately and evacuate to a safe place.
iii.Measures for SCM quench
A quench of an SCM could occur when the degree of vacuum of a cryostat drops or when the cryostat is
impacted strongly. Such a quench of an SCM evaporates a large amount of liquid helium and pressure in acryostat suddenly increases, resulting in the risk of explosion. Escape to a safe place through an evacuationroute immediately.
4. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer
This system always keeps a vacuum state with the ultra-high vacuum device, so you must be familiar withhandling the vacuum device. Measurement with the system requires X-rays and the high voltage power
supply for it, and you must pay great attention to this. To use this system, follow the precautions below:<Precautions>i. Receive a lecture to be familiar with safe operation and obtain an operation permission before using thesystem.
ii. Appoint the system in advance and record it on a user book before using the system.
iii. Check an operating manual kept near the system before using it.
iv. Check the conditions of the power supply, water supply, and gas cylinders carefully before using thesystem.
v. Check the conditions of the system body before using it.
vi. If you have any questions, contact the person in charge of administration.
vii. Register yourself as an X-ray system user to use the system.

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vii.Check the system finally after completing measurement and turning off the system.
viii.In the case of a power failure, the system will be turned off by the automatic stop device. Restore thesystem after it is energized again. In this case, contact the person in charge of administration.
ix.Contact the person in charge of administration immediately in case of an unusual or emergency situation.
5.

X-ray microanalyzer(1)

X-ray microanalyzer (JEOL JXA-8900R)[X-ray] X-rays are generated around the electron gun or from the lens-barrel and the material surface
receiving electron beams because a voltage of 10-30 kV is applied and a current of 200 μA or less flows
during operation. However, these X-rays have slight intensities, and the whole electron beam system iscontained in a metal container that has lead glass windows; thus, leaks can be actually ignored. (Actual
measured leakages are equal to or less than 0.01 mR/hr, the detection limit of a survey meter.)[High voltage] High voltage parts (from several thousand to several tens of thousands of volts) of this system
include the electron gun, the X-ray detector, and the photomultiplier tube (in the body); the acceleration
voltage power supply (in the power console); high voltage cables (between the body and the power console);
the attenuator, the oscilloscope with its power supply, power supplies for the X-ray detector and thephotomultiplier tube (in the EBS console); and cables.
Though the protective circuit will be activated during a filament change, a user must turn off the acceleration
voltage power supply and open the cover of the electron gun personally.
[Vacuum] The atmospheric pressure is always applied to glass windows of the vacuum vessel in the body. If
an object accidentally collides with the window, the vacuum suddenly decays to seriously affect the system;
this could scatter pieces of glass and unexpectedly injure people. Be careful not to impact on the glass
windows.
[High temperature] When you change a broken filament, you could be burned by directly touching the Wehnelt
electrode if the filament were lit at that time. Allow it to be cooled sufficiently or wear gloves (note that it isslippery).

(2)

Vacuum evaporation system (JEOL)[Vacuum] The atmospheric force applied to the entire bell jar is very strong if the system contains a vacuum.
When the glass of the bell jar has damage and cannot withstand the atmospheric pressure, pieces of theglass on all sides are brought into the inside to collide with each other and then harmfully scatter. Be careful
not to impact the glass bell jar. Cover it with a protection net before creating a vacuum.

(3)

Cutter (Buehler)[High-speed rotation] Keep your hands away from the blade of the cutter rotating at a high speed in operation.
If a sample is fixed poorly or the feed rate is excessively high, broken blades could scatter with cut pieces ofthe sample. Fix a sample and a blade completely and set a feed rate with a margin. In addition, attach aplastic cover before starting the motor.

(4)

X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku RAD-II C)[X-ray] The X-ray generator can be controlled easily because X-rays from it can be interrupted by turning off
the power source in contrast to radio isotopes constantly emitting radiation. However, the dose rate of theactivated system is not much lower than that of a sealed small radioactive source. The intensity of primary Xrays (a direct beam) emitted from a Cu tube operating with 40 kV in voltage and 30 mA in current, forexample, reaches 3.8×105 R/hr or less on a sample at a distance of 185 mm. Supposing that a human is
exposed to the whole of these rays for one second, the exposure dosage will reach 100 rem or less. So, payclose attention to this.
You can recognize that X-rays will not leak when the shutter is closed. Though the shutter is opened, in
addition, leaks of X-rays from the X-ray protection plastic door can be actually ignored if protectors aroundslits and a sample are properly fixed.

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(Actual measurements with a survey meter: for a voltage of 30 kV, a current of 40 mA, and a D.S. angle of 1° ,a maximum of 0.2 mR/hr (model SG-9) and 0.16 mR/hr (model RAD-II C) near the protector around a sample
in the door, and all measurements outside the door are equal to or less than the detection limit of 0.01 mR/hr.
In addition, measurements of both models are equal to or less than the detection limit near the protector in thedoor under conditions of the adjusted goniometer.)
However, you must follow the steps below before turning on the X-Ray switch:
i.Attach slits (and a slit cover for a D.S.) properly.
ii.Fix a sample and then cover it with a lid.
iii.Close the X-ray protection plastic door.
iv.Set the right shutter SW to “Closed” (manually) or “Neutral” (controlled by a PC).
v.Check the left shutter SW is set to “Closed.” Do not open the left shutter.
You can open the X-ray protection door only when you adjust the goniometer.
<Health care for X-ray operators>
A person who intends to use X-ray systems (an X-ray operator) must make an application for registration
with the prescribed form and obtain permission from the applicable person in charge of use and approval fromthe applicable department head according to the Radiation Damage Preventive Regulations of TUAT. X-ray
operators have semiannual health examinations, which are announced by the person in charge of it.
<Maximum permissible exposure dosage of radiation>
The Radiation Injury Prevention Law and the National Personnel Authority Rules (Prevention of Personnel
Radiation Injury) specifies the dosage as 3 rem per three months, except for the following special cases
where part of the body is exposed:
i.Only the skin: 8 rem per three months.
ii.Only the hands, forearms, feet, or foot joints: 20 rem per three months.
iii.The abdomen of a woman that could be pregnant: 1.3 rem per three months.
iv.The abdomen of a pregnant woman: 1 rem for the pregnancy period.
Of course, the permissible dosage means an “endurance value” in exchange for “returns” from the use ofradiation. Since the occurrence rate of tardive diseases, such as leukemia and cancer, is proportional to an
exposure dosage, and no thresholds are thought to exist, you must avoid unnecessary exposure at all times.
6.

Liquid nitrogen storage facility
This tank facility supplies liquid nitrogen to users. The tank is model CE-5S made by Nippon Sanso
Holdings Corporation and has a capacity of 4482 liters. Safety precautions and measures for the pump andthe use of liquid nitrogen are the same as general precautions for cryogenic gases, such as liquid nitrogen,being described below.
(1) General precautions for cryogenic gases
i.Wear safety goggles and cryogenic gloves when you handle cryogenic gases or cooled parts due to thesegases. Cotton work gloves and the like are undesirable. In addition, wear safety glasses during pump
operation.
ii.Do not perform pumping work in outfits such as short pants and sandals that leave the legs exposed. Do
not touch low-temperature liquefied gas directly with a hand, finger, foot, or any other part of the body.
iii.Inserting hoses and pipes into the cryogenic gas in an opened vacuum flask is harmful. Liquid could be
spouted through a pipe and splashed onto the eyes or other body parts.
iv.Do not leave a container sealed without authorized control.
v.Pay close attention to the pipes used for transferring and topping up liquid because these pipes likely sealit.
vi.Do not spill liquid carelessly or leave it leaking. When a cryogenic liquid is spilled onto steel, it becomesbreakable, and the coatings and concrete are damaged.
vii.Cryogenic gases are contained in portable small containers, such as vacuum flasks, which are likely
broken due to impacts. Be careful not to hit or bring down them.

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viii.Carry a dewar by two or more members if possible. Do not ride on an elevator with dewar vessels. Put
signs stating “Transporting Liquid Nitrogen” in place when transporting dewar vessels on an elevator.
ix.Since a cryogenic gas is evaporated into a large volume of gas though it leaks a little, transfer or top up thegas in a well-ventilated place if possible.
x.Operating valves carelessly results in the high risk of the sudden release of high-pressure nitrogen gas
because the storage tank is subject to a high pressure (0.35-0.95 MPa).
II

Center for Design and Manufac(1) Work wear
Use work wear that may be contaminated by oil and cutting chips and can prevent its hems and sleeves
from being caught in a machine. Since cutting chips enter during machining, do not wear cloth with alargely opened collar. If you have long hair, wear a cap.
(2) Hard hat or work hat

Wear a hard hat or a work hat if your work has risks of heavy objects falling and head injuries.
(3) Work shoes

You should wear safety shoes specified by JIS or work shoes according to it, especially those with steel
toes because foot injuries often occur due to carelessness.
(4) Gloves

Wear specified gloves in welding. In contrast to this, you must not wear gloves in machining withmachine tools, such as drilling machines and lathes.
(5) Safety glasses

Wear dustproof glasses for grinder operation and deburring, and wear light shielding glasses for welding.
In addition, you should wear safety glasses for lathe and milling operation because cutting chips scatter;if you have your own everyday use glasses, however, you can use them instead of safety glasses.
(6) Precautions for handling machine tools

You must follow the explanations and instructions on machine tools from personnel or school staff of theCenter for Design and Manufacturing and keep the following points in mind at all times:
i.Secure a workpiece firmly and not by force. (Follow instructions on how to secure it from personnel orschool staff of the Center for Design and Manufacturing.)
ii.Grease the parts of a machine every time before using it.
iii.Understand how to use a machine before operating it. Especially, you must be able to conduct anemergency stop.
iv.Conduct processing under proper processing conditions. For processing conditions, consult personnel orschool staff of the Center for Design and Manufacturing.
v.Operate levers and switches certainly. In addition, do not stop machine operation with a fed workpiece.
vi.In the case of violent vibration and/or unusual sounds, turn off the machine immediately and notify
personnel or school staff of the Center for Design and Manufacturing for instructions.
vii.If the machine and tools are broken, notify personnel or school staff of the Center for Design and
Manufacturing immediately.
viii.After completing your work, clean up, sort and return tools, and maintain and clean the machine. Then,report to personnel or school staff of the Center for Design and Manufacturing.
(7) Precautions for machine tools
1） Lathei. Fix a bite with a proper length.
ii. Do not turn off the lathe with the bite cut into the workpiece.
iii. Keep your hands away from the rotating chuck and workpiece.
iv. Remove cutting chips with a raking stick or a small broom after turning off the machine.
v. Do not touch a roughly cut surface carelessly.
vi. Do not use gloves.

—118—2） Drilling machinei.Secure the drill firmly.
ii.Secure the workpiece on the table with a vice or clamps.
iii.Do not sweep cutting chips away with your bare hands while processing the workpiece.
iv.Since drilling a workpiece generates high torque, slow down the feed rate sufficiently and drill the workpiececarefully.
v.Do not use gloves.
3） Milling machinei.Do not put unnecessary objects on the bed.
ii.Use a waste rag to hold the blade of a milling cutter or an end mill at all times.
iii.Remove cutting chips with a raking stick or a small broom after turning off the machine.
iv.Keep your hands away from the rotating tool.
v.Pay close attention to the direction the cutting chips might scatter to prevent injuries.
vi.Do not use gloves.
4） Surface grinder
i.Do not hit the grindstone with a workpiece when you secure the workpiece.
ii.Follow the instructions on how to secure a workpiece from personnel or school staff of the Center for Designand Manufacturing. Be careful to secure the workpiece to prevent it from falling down in processing,
especially for a tall workpiece.
iii.Do not stand in front of the direction of rotation of the grindstone.
iv.In the case of vibration, suspend the work immediately and follow instructions from personnel or school staffof the Center for Design and Manufacturing.
v.Do not use gloves.
5. Electrical discharge machinei.Do not touch the electrodes while the machine performs spark machining.
6） NC machine tooli.Check the directions of movement of the X-, Y-, and Z-axes (which direction is positive/negative) carefully
when you move the tools and the table. Pay attention to this especially when you move the tools away fromthe workpiece.
ii.Close the safety door before starting processing.
iii.Check a created program carefully before starting processing with it.
iv.After completing the work, discharge air from the compressor to lower the pressure to atmospheric pressure.
v.For the use of it, consult personnel or school staff of the Center for Design and Manufacturing sufficiently.
7） Grinder
i.Wear safety glasses to prevent grinding powder.
ii.Since a small workpiece is heated to a relatively high temperature by friction and is easily caught in thegrinding wheel, pay close attention to this.
iii.Be careful not to impact the grinding wheel because it is vulnerable to impacts.
8） Electric metal shear
i.Secure the workpiece firmly in consideration of its thickness and material because a poorly fixed workpiece
could jump or deform.
ii.Keep your fingertips away from the underside of the blade.
iii.Do not touch the cut edge of a plate with bare hands carelessly. Conduct the work with gloves if necessary.
9） High speed cutter
i.Keep your hands away from the rotating blade.
ii.Pay attention to the surrounding conditions because the cutter generates sparks backwards.

—119—10） Band saw
i.Idle the machine to check normal operation before starting the work.
ii.Use a guide in order to prevent cutting accidents of your fingertips.
iii.Pay attention to the strong vibration and/or unusual sounds of the saw at all times in your work.
iv.Do not use gloves.
11） Welding
i.Wear a cloth, shoes, and other protective equipment carefully in order to prevent electric shocks and burns.
ii.Keep flammable materials away from the welding area.
iii.Do not conduct welding while touching metals connected to grounded objects and/or return wires.
Otherwise, very harmful accidents will occur.
12） Transportation
i.Clean up any unnecessary objects in the passages in advance to ensure safety and available spaces when
you carry workpieces and materials with a platform truck and other devices.
ii.In addition to loads, pay close attention to the people around you.
iii.Pile heavy loads first and light ones next. Be careful not to pile loads excessively or unevenly.
iv.When you carry loads manually, do not lift or carry a heavy load carelessly or in a poor position. Otherwise,
you will likely suffer from a backache.
v.When a heavy load is carried by multiple members, arrange the transportation among the members andactually achieve good teamwork. It is important to cooperate with each other.
vi.Transportation requires the consideration of the shape, dimensions, weight, quantity, and other conditions ofa load and a method adapted to them.
13） Liftingi.You can use a hoist or a chain block with a capacity of 0.5 t or less without user qualifications. Since
accidents often occur, however, obtain permission from personnel or school staff of the Center for Designand Manufacturing and follow instructions on how to use it from them.
ii.Check the weight of a load is within the allowable lifting range of the equipment you intend to use.
iii.Consider how to lift a load in advance.
iv.Follow instructions from the responsible person and completely give signals and signs during operation.
v.When lifting/lowering and transporting a load, keep yourself away from under or around the load. In addition,
be careful that people other than the operator do not approach it carelessly.
14） Keeping things tidy and in orderi.After finishing your work and turning off the power supply, clean up completely.
ii.Remove cutting chips from machine tools as carefully as possible.
iii.Mixing cutting chips could result in explosive accidents. Sort these chips into types because they are reusedlater.
iv.Check automatic feed is released.
v.Maintain tools and other devices and return them to the original places.
III

Radiation Laboratory

1.

Introduction
A radioisotope (RI) represents an unstable isotope emitting radiation from the decay of the nucleus. Sincecontamination and radiation exposure due to RIs result in fatal accidents, the use of RIs is restricted by law on
the restriction of radioactive isotopes. At the Koganei Campus of TUAT, you are allowed to use non-sealed RIs
only in the Radiation Laboratory, a common use facility.
You can handle both non-sealed and sealed RIs in this laboratory. The outline of the laboratory and thegeneral precautions for the use of RIs are described below.

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2.

About Radiation Laboratory
At the Koganei Campus of TUAT, you are allowed to use non-sealed RIs only in the Radiation Laboratory,
a common use facility. This laboratory contains a radiation-controlled area. The radiation-controlled area canbe accessed by those having permission from a radiation worker or the radiation protection supervisor.
Currently, 13 nuclides of non-sealed RIs (including H-3 (gas)) are allowed to be used and the maximum
quantities per year, three months, and day for each nuclide are specified. In addition, the storage capacity of anon-sealed RI is determined for each nuclide. The RI stock control system, the air discharge equipment, thedrainage equipment, and other facilities are provided to control and use RIs safely. In addition to them,radiation is monitored by the air discharge and water monitors. The laboratory also has a survey meter, aroom gas monitor, and other devices to check contamination and monitor radiation in the room. Note thatusers, other than the laboratory members, of the internal apparatus loaded with radioactive materials (sealed
RIs) and those handling external radiation facilities can also be registered as a radiation worker of TUAT.
3.

Safety control of RIs and radiation workers in Radiation Laboratory
The laboratory assumes accidents, which could cause radiation damage, including the contamination of
the facility caused by the accidental scattering of RIs due to broken devices and misoperated experiments,
and the ingestion of RIs. So, it is essential to prevent unplanned and unnecessary exposure. To prevent such
accidents, radiation and RIs are allowed to be used in the laboratory only by a person that has received
training and ionizing radiation health care examinations specified by the Radiation Damage Preventive
Regulations of the Faculty of Engineering of TUAT and has been registered as a radiation worker. A radiation
worker who actually hopes to use the Radiation Laboratory must prepare an experiment plan in advance andobtain approvals from the Radiation Laboratory Director and the radiation protection supervisor. In addition,
facilities and equipment in the Radiation Laboratory are serviced regularly for maintenance and repaired if
necessary.
IV

Handling of hazardous materials and Chemical Storehouses

1.

Overview
The Koganei Campus has four hazardous materials indoor storehouses that are permitted by the firestation. Hazardous materials are classified into some storage types according to the Fire Service Law.
“Hazardous materials” described here mean combustible or flammable materials limited to those specified
by the Fire Service Law. Thus, materials not specified by the Fire Service Law, such as organic solvents,
cannot be stored in the hazardous materials indoor storehouses. Hazardous materials are classified according
to how to handle and extinguish them, as described in the “Classification of hazardous materials” section.
Storage quantities of hazardous materials are determined by limiting a quantity to a multiple of the specified
one according to the severity of hazards. In fact, the contents of a hazardous materials indoor storehouse arelimited in quantity for each of hazardous materials as shown on the board at an entrance to the storehouse.
Since the storehouses contain classified hazardous materials, their entrances are also classified and marked
with the east/west side. Be careful not to mistake classifications.
These chemicals are essential for experiments and studies at the Koganei Campus though they have
harmful characteristics. For this reason, the handling of them is restricted by the Fire Service Law andrequires special precautions. To handle the specified quantity or more of hazardous materials, you must havea hazardous materials officer’s license or ask another person with a hazardous materials officer’s license toattend in the same way as a driver’s license to drive a car.
The number of cases of fires due to hazardous materials is not much higher than that of common fires
because the Fire Service Law works effectively. However, the former results in three times as many fatal
cases as those of the latter statistically. Fires from hazardous materials cannot be extinguished in most cases,
except for initial fire extinguishing. Thus, No Fire is essential in the hazardous materials indoor storehouses.

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Read the following description of hazardous materials carefully to prevent accidents by yourself when you
conduct experiments with such materials.
2.

Handling of hazardous materials
Hazardous materials should not be stored in an experiment room except for those required for experiments
because of their harmful characteristics, and this is essential for safety. The quantity of hazardous materials
that can be stored in an experiment room without legal restrictions is up to the specified quantity in the Fire
Service Law, while limited to one fifth of the specified quantity in the Fire Prevention Ordinance of Tokyo. If an
experiment room has hazardous materials with the quantity equal to or more than one-fifth and below thespecified one, the Tokyo Metropolitan Ordinance imposes posted notifications and restricts the handling ofthem.
To avoid such restrictions, you should purchase and use only the proper quantities of the necessary
materials. In some cases, however, you need to store hazardous materials. You must not store them in anexperiment room but in a chemical storehouse, legally called a hazardous materials indoor storehouse, insuch case. And you should take only the proper quantities of hazardous materials at a time into an experimentroom; this may bother you but can maintain safety. Not everyone can take hazardous materials in/out.
Hazardous materials must be taken in/out according to “How to use Chemical Storehouses” below.
3.

Hazardous materials
Types and characteristics of hazardous materials are described in the “Classification of hazardous
materials” and “Features and characteristics of hazardous materials” sections in detail, so refer to them.
4.

How to use Chemical Storehouses
If you want to store chemicals that are supposed to be hazardous in the chemical storehouses, check
whether or not these chemicals are hazardous materials with tables first. If you have any questions, consult ahazardous materials engineer without hesitation to check on the type the hazardous materials.
After clarifying the type of the hazardous materials, check which room of the chemical storehouses thesematerials can be stored in. Be careful that hazardous materials other than those specified by the Fire Service
Law cannot be stored in the chemical storehouses though you think they are hazardous. For example,
cylinders of propane gas, halogenides, toxic substances, and hydrochloric acids cannot be stored.
After deciding a room where hazardous materials are stored, submit an application to the school staff ofyour assigned laboratory. Then, inform the staff of the names and quantities of chemicals you want to store in
the chemical storehouses (because each of these storehouses has limitations of both types and quantities ofhazardous materials to be stored). When you obtain permission, hazardous materials can be taken into achemical storehouse by a person who are familiar with laws and regulations and chemical knowledge on
hazardous materials and:1) Has a hazardous materials engineer’s license; or2)
Designated as a hazardous materials security supervisor; or3)
By yourself with a person who has a hazardous materials engineer’s license.
When you take out chemicals from a chemical storehouse in the same way as taking in them, submit anapplication to the school staff of your assigned laboratory and do so with an assigned hazardous materials
security supervisor.
For the storage and handling of hazardous materials, you must be familiar with characteristics of thesematerials and common precautions for careful handling, as well as completely follow hazardous materials
laws and regulations specified by the Fire Service Law and the Fire Prevention Ordinance of Tokyo.

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V

Waste separation and disposal

1.

Introduction
The effective utilization of resources and the prevention of the global warming are urgent problems. The
global warming is mainly caused by carbon dioxide, which is partly discharged from waste incineration. For
this reason, as well as non-burnable garbage, burnable garbage should be recycled if possible. Everyone
including students and school staff must try to reduce the amount of waste.
2.

Burnable garbage
At the Koganei Campus, burnable garbage (including leftover food, kitchen waste, used dispensable
chopsticks, and wastepaper) is collected in a temporary waste storage area on the north side of the Radiation
Laboratory. Note that sheets of wastepaper are recycled except for those dampened with chemicals and oil orcoated with water repellent. Take them into separation baskets provided on buildings.
3.

Non-burnable garbage
If plastic tools and vinyl gloves as well as lunch boxes and food containers are mixed with burnablegarbage, the incineration of them generates hazardous substances such as dioxin and damage the inner wallof an incinerator. Thus, they are processed as non-burnable garbage. Metals and mixture of metal and plastic
such as electronics, electric wires, and ceramics are finally processed by crushing and burying them. Suchtypes of waste are collected in a temporary waste storage area on the north side of the Radiation Laboratory.
Note that broken glassware in a box will be harmful in collection work. Thus, carry broken glassware into a
temporary waste storage area on the north side of the RI facility, separating it from the above-mentioned
garbage to be buried. Do not carry laboratory glassware, such as beakers and reagent bottles, 18-liter drums,
and plastic containers into a temporary waste storage area but dispose of them during the garbage collection
conducted several times in a year.
4.

Bulky waste
Carry bulky waste into a temporary waste storage area on the north side of the Radiation Laboratory. You
can carry such waste into a temporary waste storage area basically in the lunch hour (12:00-13:00) on
Tuesday and Thursday, but when you cannot do so and unavoidably carry it at other time in the case of alarge amount of waste, for example, contact the Accounting Section, Koganei Accounting Office (ext. 7004) inadvance. If a regular carrying-in day is a holiday, it is changed to the next day (next business day) so pay
attention to this.
In addition to this, you can carry both burnable and non-burnable garbage into a temporary waste storage
area. Such garbage can also be carried in the lunch hour (12:00-13:00) on Tuesday and Thursday.
5.

Handling of experimental wastes(1) Injection needles, etc.
Injection needles and syringes used for experiments must not be discarded together with general waste.
Disposal should be consigned to the specified contractor after a certain amount has been accumulated.
(2) Experimental animals.

Disposal of experimental animals should be consigned to the specified contractor.
(3) Check with the Accounting Section (7004) for information on the contractors in (1) and (2).
(4) Reagent bottles

Remove the labels and clean the contents, then dispose of at the time of collection performed a few
times every year. Care must be taken as these cannot be disposed of in general non-combustible wasteboxes. (Collect the cleaner depending on types of contents and dispose of it as an experimental waste
fluid according to “Waste Disposal” below.) Request a prescribed disposal company to dispose of areagent itself.
(5) Fluorescent lamps and dry batteries
Used fluorescent lamps and dry batteries should be disposed of separately in a dedicated box in thetemporary waste storage on the north side of the radiation laboratory.

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Waste disposal

At the Koganei Campus, experimental studies use various materials and chemicals and generate many
types of used waste. These wastes include many types of toxic or hazardous wastes that, if handled
improperly, can cause not only hazards to the handlers themselves but also widespread environmental
contamination and harm to non-direct stakeholders. Therefore, various laws and regulations regulate thedisposal of these wastes.
While there are a variety of wastes, this section limits itself to presenting precautions for experimental
waste liquids, empty bottles of experimental chemicals, articles containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB),
and asbestos products.
i.Experimental waste liquids are usually toxic and must not be disposed of by drainage like generalwastewater. Waste liquids from experiments must be stored in holding tanks prepared in individuallaboratories. Stored waste liquids are outsourced to waste-liquid disposal specialists for treatment indedicated plants.
Waste liquids are divided into organic and inorganic waste liquids, respectively subdivided into waste
liquids with different characteristics and requiring different treatments. Therefore, waste liquids must be sorted
and stored by type according to a prescribed classification table and delivered to environmental management
facilities on designated days by the persons in charge. (Refer to “Handling of Experimental Waste Materials
and Waste Liquids” in this booklet.)Many chemical substances react rapidly and explode when mixed. Many examples of explosions havebeen known to occur when waste liquids, sorted and stored by type, have been mixed with other waste liquids
simply because of the small quantities involved. Special caution must be exercised. The table below shows
typical combinations of chemicals that may explode when mixed.
ii.Disposal of chemical bottles is only allowed at a few annual collection events to prevent disposal withdangerous chemicals still inside. Empty chemical bottles must not be mixed with general non-flammablewaste for disposal.
Note that collected bottles not meeting any one of the following requirements will not be accepted for
disposal:(1) Only glass and plastic bottles or cans washed and dried clean at least twice (note that solvents,
water, or other liquids used in the washing process must also be sorted and stored by type).
(2) No caps/lids.
(3) No odors.
(4) Bottles, etc., with labels removed as long as possible.
(5) Eighteen-liter drums cut open and flattened.
(6) Bottles or cans deemed acceptable by the witness in charge.
iii.Articles containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) are subject to strict storage and reporting
requirements under the “Law on Special Measures concerning Promotion of Proper Treatment of PCB
Wastes.” Be aware that mixed disposal with general waste results in punishment. If articles containing
PCB have turned up in laboratories, etc., immediately contact the Contract and Purchase Section,
Koganei Accounting Office (extension 7004), and follow their instructions.
iv.Disposal of asbestos products is subject to the provisions under the “Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing
Law.” Scatterable asbestos must be treated as specially controlled industrial waste. If any asbestos product isfound, contact the Contract and Purchase Section, Koganei Accounting Office, and follow their instructions.
Note that if inhaled, scattered asbestos may cause serious health disorders. Therefore, in case of finding any
asbestos product that may scatter asbestos, never touch it and immediately inform a faculty member to that
effect.

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Combinations of chemicals that may explode when mixed (A+B)
Chemical A
Chemical B
Chemical A
Alkali metals, powdered Carbon
aluminum or magnesium, tetrachloride/otheretc.
chlorohydrocarbons,(reaction)
carbon disulfide, andhalogenHydrogen peroxide(rapid decomposition
reaction)

Potassium, sodium(reaction)

Ammonia (anhydrous)(mercury/silver azide
formation/violent
exothermic
reaction/productdecomposition)
Chromium trioxide(oxidation
reaction/oxygen
generation)
Hydrofluoric acid(concentrated)(violent exothermic
reaction)

Carbon tetrachloride,
carbon dioxide, water

Copper (acetylide
Acetylene, hydrogenformation/decomposition peroxide
reaction)
Silver (acetylide
Acetylene, oxalic acid,formation/decomposition tartaric oxidation, fulminic
reaction/silver
acid, ammonium
fulminate/silver azide
compounds
formation)
Mercury
Acetylene, fulminic acid,(acetylide/mercury
ammoniafulminate/azide formation)

Chemical B
Copper, chromium, iron,many metals or theirsalts, alcohol, acetone,organic matter, aniline,
combustibles, flammableliquids, nitromethane
Mercury (e.g., mercury inmanometers), chlorine,
calcium hypochlorite,
iodine, bromine,hydrofluoric acid, silver
compounds
Acetic acid, naphthalene,
camphor, glycerin,turpentine oil, alcohols
Ammonia(hydrous or anhydrous)

Nitric acid (concentrated) Acetic acid, aniline,(oxidation
chromic acid, cyanic acid,reaction/exothermic heat) hydrogen sulfide,
flammable liquids,
flammable gases
Sulfuric acid
Potassium chlorate,(free chloric acid,potassium perchlorate,
permanganic acidpotassium permanganate
formation/decomposition (or permanganates ofand oxidation reaction)light metals such as
sodium or lithium)

Chlorine (violent
exothermic
reaction/productdecomposition)

Ammonia, acetylene,
butadiene, butane,
methane, propane (otherpetroleum gases),hydrogen, sodium,carbide, turpentine oil,benzene, pulverized
metalsBromine (ditto)

Same as with chlorine

Hydrocarbons (butane,
propane, benzene,
gasoline, turpentine oil,etc.)

Iodine (ditto)

Acetylene, ammonia(solution or
anhydrous)/hydrogen

Acetylene (violent
exothermic reaction andproduct
decomposition/acetylide
formation), aniline(oxidation reaction)—125—

Fluorine, bromine,
chromium trioxide,sodium peroxide (violent
exothermic
reaction/oxidation
reaction and peroxide
formation)
Chlorine, bromine,
copper, fluorine, silver,
mercury(high energy and hencehigh exothermic heat)

Extremely high reactivity

Chlorine dioxide (violent
exothermic
reaction/productdecomposition)
Chlorate (rapid oxidation
reaction)

Ammonia, methane,
phosphine, hydrogensulfideOxalic acid (rapid
decomposition)

Silver, mercury

Ammonium salts, acids,
metal powders, sulfur,
generally pulverizedorganic matter or
combustible substances

Cumene hydroperoxide(rapid decomposition)

Acids (organic or
inorganic)

Perchloric acid (rapidoxidation reaction)

Acetic anhydride, bismuth
and its alloys, alcohol,
paper, wood

Flammable liquid(oxidation
reaction/peroxide
formation/rapid reaction)

Ammonium nitrate,
chromium trioxide,hydrogen peroxide, nitricacid, sodium peroxide,and halogen

Potassium permanganate Ethanol or methanol,(rapid oxidation reaction) glacial acetic acid, acetic
anhydride, benzaldehyde,
carbon disulfide, glycerin,
ethylene glycol, ethyl
acetate, methyl acetate,furfuralNote: The (round parentheses) in the table contain the causes.

—126—

Nonsmoking measures at the University
In accordance with the intents of the Health Promotion Act amended in July 2018 and the Tokyo
Metropolitan Ordinance to Prevent Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke, established in June 2018, and in lightof increasing demand from students for measures to improve the situation regarding secondhand smoke on
campus, the University has prohibited smoking indoors in all University facilities. This is intended to enhance
the University's measures to separate smoking and nonsmoking areas completely, in line with its emphasis onenvironmental considerations.

1.

Actual measures to separate smoking and nonsmoking areas on campus

i.Smoking is prohibited indoors in all campus facilities, including research laboratories and student
dormitories. (As a result, smoking is prohibited indoors even if other measures have been taken to prevent
secondhand smoke.)ii.Smoking is prohibited outdoors as well in places where the smoke could spread to indoors.
iii.Smoking is prohibited outside of designated areas on campus. This means that smoking is prohibited while
walking on campus as well.
Campus beautification and smoking etiquette
The University is enhancing its efforts to separate smoking and nonsmoking areas and promoting soundsmoking etiquette in consideration of the negative effects of smoking on the appearance of the campus
environment, such as discarded cigarette butts, and failure to comply with smoking etiquette as commonly
accepted in today's society, for example not smoking while walking around.
2.

3. Smoking rules
i.Smoking is permitted only in designated smoking areas on campus. Do not smoke in other places.
ii.Place cigarette butts and ashes in ashtrays. Do not throw them on the ground or elsewhere.
iii.Smoking is prohibited while walking or riding a bicycle.
iv.Do not dispose of empty cans or plastic bottles in ashtrays. Do not use them as trash receptables.
v.Extinguish cigarettes in the ashtrays, never on the walls or elsewhere.
vi.Smoke or flame in ashtrays is a fire hazard. If you see smoke or flame in an ashtray, immediately extinguish
it with water.
vii.Smokers should encourage each other to follow these rules as necessary.
viii.Even in smoking areas, try to prevent exposure to secondhand smoke through means such as extinguishingcigarettes and refraining from smoking while passersby are present.
Reference: Article 25-5 of the Health Promotion Act (Prevention of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in
Facilities Used by Numerous Users)
Managers of facilities used by numerous users, such as schools, gymnasiums, hospitals, theaters, meetinghalls, exhibition halls, department stores, offices, public facilities, and restaurants and bars must strive to takemeasures as necessary to prevent unwanted exposure of users to secondhand smoke.

—127—

Appendix
Reference materials
1. References for each chapter“Safety Manual” 2001, Safety Committee for Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology“Animal Experiment Guidelines and Animal Experiment Guide” 2001, Animal Care and Use Committee forTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology“Safety Guide” 1994, Student Life Committee for Osaka University“Safety Handbook (4th edition)” 1993, Safety Management Committee for Tokyo Institute of Technology“Safety Guide for Experiments and Practices (Revised edition)”, Yokohama National University in 1988, Safety
Committee for the College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University“Health Guide” 2005, Health Management Center for Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Reference materials on chemical system“Accident Prevention Guide”, 1987, Edition by Department of Industrial Chemistry and Department ofSynthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University“To Conduct Experiments Safely (Revised Edition)”, Kagakudojin, 1977, Editorial Desk of Kagakudojin“To Conduct Experiments Safely (Sequal New Edition)”, Kagakudojin, 1987, Editorial Desk of Kagakudojin“Basics and Understanding of Chemical Experiments” by Masahiro Yorizane, Baifukan
Handbook of the Handling of Waste Liquids (in Japanese) (Environmental Management Facilities, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology)
Reference materials on biological system“Microbiological Experimental Techniques” Kodansha“Microorganism Experiment Manuals” Kodansha“Biology Handbook” Maruzen“Recombinant DNA Experiment Guidelines” Life Science Planning Room Edition, Planning Bureau, Scienceand Technology Agency“Explanatory Material on Laws Related to Ensuring of Biotic Diversity Due to Regulations on Use of
Genetically Modified Organism (Version on November 1, 2005)” Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology

2. Regulations on Safety Management at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Regulations on Safety and Health Management at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, National
University (April 7, 2004)
Detailed Rules of Radiation Damage Prevention at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, National
University (April 7, 2004)
Regulations on Safety Management of Genetically Modified Organism at Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology, National University (April 1, 2004)
Regulations on Handling of Poisonous and Deleterious Substances at Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology, National University (April 1, 2004)
Regulations on Security of Electrical Facilities for Private Use at Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology, National University (April 1, 2004)
Fire Protection Control Outlines at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, National University(December 2005)
Earthquake Disaster Countermeasures Outlines at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, National
University (December 2005)
Health and Safety Management Regulations at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (March 1975)
Detailed Practice Rules Related to Radiation Damage Prevention at Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology (March 1985)
Outlines of Usage of Incineration Equipment for Radioactive Organic Wastewater at Tokyo University ofAgriculture and Technology (July 1983)—128—

Regulations on Management of Wastewater at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (July 1983)
Outlines of Handling of Wastewater at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (July 1983)
Regulations for Animal Care and Use Committee (February 1998)
Fire Protection Control Regulations at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (April 1981)
Outlines of Implementation of Check and Inspection of Fire Equipment at Tokyo University of Agriculture
and Technology (September 1975)
Agreement Related to Safety Management and Accident Handling at Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology (June 1988)
Regulations on Security of Electrical Facilities at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology(November 1965)—129—