Asteroid explorer, Hayabusa2,reporter briefing

August 22, 2019
JAXA Hayabusa2 ProjectTopics
Regarding Hayabusa2, Capsule collection
 MINERVA-II Place names related to the artificial crater

2019/08/22

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

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Contents
0. Hayabusa2 and mission flow outline
1. Current status and overall schedule of the project
2. Re-entry capsule collection plan
3. Status of MINERVA-II1
4. About MINERVA-II2
5. Place names related to the artificial crater
6. Future outreach plans
7. Other topics
8. Upcoming eventsReference material
2019/08/22

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

3Overview of Hayabusa2
Objective
We will explore and sample the C-type asteroid Ryugu, which is a more primitive type than the S-type asteroid
Itokawa that Hayabusa explored, and elucidate interactions between minerals, water, and organic matter in theprimitive solar system. By doing so, we will learn about the origin and evolution of Earth, the oceans, and life, andmaintain and develop the technologies for deep-space return exploration (as demonstrated with Hayabusa), a field
in which Japan leads the world.
Expected results and effects
By exploring a C-type asteroid, which is rich in water and organic materials, we will clarify interactions between
the building blocks of Earth and the evolution of its oceans and life, thereby developing solar system science.
 Japan will further its worldwide lead in this field by taking on the new challenge of obtaining samples from acrater produced by an impacting device.
We will establish stable technologies for return exploration of solar-system bodies.
Features:World’s first sample return mission to a C-type asteroid.
World’s first attempt at a rendezvous with an asteroid and performance of observation before and after projectile
impact from an impactor.
Comparison with results from Hayabusa will allow deeper understanding of the distribution, origins, andevolution of materials in the solar system.
International positioningJapan is a leader in the field of primitive body exploration, and visiting a type-C asteroid marks a newaccomplishment.
This mission builds on the originality and successes of the Hayabusa mission. In addition to developing planetaryscience and solar system exploration technologies in Japan, this mission develops new frontiers in exploration ofprimitive heavenly bodies.
NASA too is conducting an asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx (launch: 2016; asteroid arrival: 2018;
Earth return: 2023). We will exchange samples and otherwise promote scientific exchange, and expect further
scientific findings through comparison and investigation of the results from both missions.

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

Hayabusa 2 primary specifications(Illustration: Akihiro Ikeshita)
MassApprox. 609 kg
Launch3 Dec 2014
MissionAsteroid return
Arrival27 June 2018
Earth return2020
Stay at asteroid Approx. 18 months
Target body
Near-Earth asteroid Ryugu
Primary instruments
Sampling mechanism, re-entry capsule, optical cameras, laser
range-finder, scientific observation equipment (near-infrared,thermal infrared), impactor, miniature rovers.

4LaunchDec 3, 2014

Mission flow
Ryugu arrival

Earth swing-by
Dec 3, 2015

MINERVA-II-1 separation
Sep 21, 2018

June 27, 2018

MASCOT
separation

March 10, 2018

Ryugu departure
NovDec, 2019

completed →July 11, 2019

Impactor (SCI)

Earth return
End of 2020

Feb 22, 2019

Second touchdown

5 April, 2019

(image credit: illustrations including spacecraft by Akihiro Ikeshita, others by JAXA)

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

First touchdown5

1. Current project status & schedule overview
Current
status9– A BOX-C operation was conducted from July 21 ~ 31. The lowest altitude reached wasabout 5km (7 / 25 ~ 27) above Ryugu.
– BOX-B operation is is currently underway, operating from August 8 to 27.

BOX-C operation9 Operation that vertically extends the hovering area to enable observation at low altitude.
BOX-B operation9 Operation that shifts the position of the spacecraft from the line connecting the Earth and asteroid while maintaining
an altitude of approximately 20km. (Neither operation is critical.)2015

Schedule
overview

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2nd touchdown point seen from an altitude of 5km
Firstrelease

Around the 2nd touchdown point,‘Uchide-no-Kozuchi’, captured with theONC-T at an altitude of about 5km.
Image was taken on July 25 at 17:01 JST(onboard time). As the photograph wastaken under conditions with a large solar
phase angle (angle between the Sun,asteroid and Hayabusa2), the appearanceof boulder shadows and the depressionof the artificial crater stand out.
(Image credit: JAXA, University of Tokyo, Kochi
University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University,Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University,
University of Aizu, AIST)

2019/08/22

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

72nd touchdown point seen from an altitude of 5kmFirstrelease
2nd touchdown point

Artificial crater

Around the 2nd touchdown point,‘Uchide-no-Kozuchi’, captured with theONC-T at an altitude of about 5km.
Image was taken on July 25 at 17:01 JST(onboard time). As the photograph wastaken under conditions with a large solar
phase angle (angle between the Sun,
asteroid and Hayabusa2), the appearanceof boulder shadows and the depressionof the artificial crater stand out.
(Image credit: JAXA, University of Tokyo, Kochi
University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University,
Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University,
University of Aizu, AIST)

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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing8

2. Recovery plan for the Hayabusa2 capsule• Hayabusa2 plans to return to Earth at the end of 2020 and separate the SRC capsule.
• As with the recovery from the first Hayabusa in 2010, JAXA is currently working with the AustralianGovernment to facilitate the recovery of the Hayabusa2 re-entry capsule in 2020 at the Woomera
Prohibited Area (WPA) located in the outback desert of South Australia. The Australian Department ofDefence will provide support and access to the area for the safe return of the capsule, and the Defence
Science and Technology Group will conduct cooperative scientific activities with JAXA.

Image of therecovery candidatesite (photographedin December 2018)(Image credit: JAXA)
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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

92. Recovery plan for the Hayabusa2 capsule<Chronology and plan>• Nov. 2018
Hayabusa2 Project team and the Australian Government signed an agreement to carry-out preparatory work for thecapsule recovery at WPA, with JAXA and the Defence Science and Technology Group conducting cooperative
scientific activities during the return of Hayabusa2.
• Dec. 2018
A field survey of the proposed recovery site in the WPA was conducted. This preparatory work confirmed thesuitability of both the proposed recovery site and the candidate site for the antenna station that will search for thecapsule.
• July 2019
JAXA is preparing to submit an application (AROLSO*) detailing the recovery and safety plan to the AustralianGovernment.
<Australian Association>• Australian Space Agency (ASA)
Supporting to submit an application and the discussion with the Australian ministry.
• Department of Defence (DOD)
Facilitating access to the WPA and supporting the recovery operation with cooperative scientific activities.
*AROLSO : Authorisation of Return of an Overseas Launched Space Object
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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing10

3. Status of MINERVA-II1• Telemetry data were acquired from OWL from 13:15 to 13:25 JST
on August 2, 2019.
• As Ryugu approached the Sun, the rovers woke from hibernation.
• The operation plan is currently being considered.
HIBOU
From the French for owlRover-1BRover-1AImage creditJAXA
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4. About MINERVA-II2• In order to obtain meaningful results using Rover-2 (university consortium
development), separation from a relatively high altitude (about 1km) is planned,
with the descent to the asteroid surface over time used to estimate the asteroid’s
gravitational field by monitoring the descending orbit.
• Details of this operation will be explained at the press briefing on September
24 (planned).
Target marker separation operation• A rehearsal is scheduled for September 5, ahead of the separation operation for
Rover-2. Two target markers onboard Hayabusa2 will represented Rover-2 andbe separated.
• The two target markers will be separated at an altitude of about 1km.
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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing12

4. About MINERVA-II2Overview of target marker separation operation• After separating the two target markers (TM), the spacecraft will rise to an altitude of 20km.
• The trajectory of the TMs descending while orbiting will be optically observed at an altitude of
20km with the camera on the mothership.
altitudeObservation with sun behind HP Box-A returnHP:
20 [km]Slow descent

Descent speed
020cm/s

Separation altitude
1km

ONC-T,W1 ONC-T,W1

2 TM separation
Separation interval is about 5 minutes(equatorial and polar directions)Image creditJAXA
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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing Time (JST)13

5. Place names related to the artificial crater
The following nicknames are being used
for the area around the artificial crater:
Artificial crater
Artificial crater
Moved rockOmusubi-Kororin Crater
SCI CraterMoved rock
Iijima Boulder
Immobile rock
Immobile rock
Large boulder
Okamoto Boulder
NoteThe range of the artificial crater is currently under study,Large boulder
and the line shown in the figure is the approximate range.
Image credit: JAXA, University of Tokyo, Kochi University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University,Onigiri Boulder
Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University, University of Aizu, AIST

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5. Place names related to the artificial crater
Origin of the names:
Omusubi-Kororin crater (SCI crater)
From the folktale of the “rolling rice ball”. This was chosen as the boulders in this vicinity are shaped like Japanese riceballs and may roll down into the crater. The crater will also continue to be referred to as the “SCI crater”, depending on thesituation.
Iijima boulder
In memory of Yuichi Iijima. Dr Iijima worked to gain the cooperation from universities outside JAXA during the start-upof the Hayabusa2 Project and so laid the foundation for Project’s success. In particular, in order to maximise the scientificresults from the impact experiment, he worked hard across different fields and focussed on the proposal and development
for the digital deployable camera for scientific observation (DCAM3). Dr Iijima passed away on December 7, 2012.
Okamoto boulder
In memory of Chisato Okamoto. Dr Okamoto was one of the core members of the Hayabusa2 sampler development teamand energetically repeated laboratory experiments in preparation for collecting samples on Ryugu. She was also a memberof the impact experiment team and played a central role in the simulation of the asteroid surface conditions used for theimpact experiment in Kamioka. Dr Okamoto passed away on July 25, 2018.
Onigiri boulder
An onigiri is a Japanese rice ball (sometimes the shape is triangular) and resembles this boulder. (Both omusubi and onigiri
mean rice ball.)2019/08/22

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing15

6. Future outreach plans
Discussion meeting on outreach and educational activities forHayabusa2: Part 2.
• Purpose
Discuss what can be done in the future for education and outreach with Hayabusa2.
• Location, date & time
Sagamihara City Museum 8/2510:00
Osaka City Science Museum 9/2910:00
• Information (Japanese) http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/topics/20190807_Outreach/2019/08/22

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

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6. Future outreach plansHayabusa2 Talk Live Extra• Sagamihara City Museum 8/2514:00  Fully booked
http://sagamiharacitymuseum.jp/blog/event/201908haya2talk-bangai/• Osaka City Science Museum 9/2817:30
• Itami City Children’s Science Museum9/2914:30

Hayabusa2 Talk Live Season 2• The second series of Talk Live will be held from January to October 2020
during the Return to Earth Phase.  The first series was 14 talks that ran from February
2016 to April 2016, held at the Sagamihara City Museum)• NationwideLooking for venues• Details (Japanese) http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/topics/20190807_TalkLive/2019/08/22

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing17

7. Other topics
Seiun Award•••••Hayabusa2 received the 5-th Seiun Award inthe “Free Category” at the 58th Japan SFConvention.
The Free Category allows nominations forboth works of science fiction and scientificachievements (in the past, both the H-IIArocket and Hayabusa have receivednominations and won).
Reason for Award“Landing on Ryugu andmovement and exploration of the asteroid byMINERVA-II1”
Award ceremony2019/7/27"Seiun" means nebula in Japanese.

2019/08/22

Hayabusa2 reporter briefingImage creditJAXA
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8. Future plans
Operation schedule• On September 5, the target marker separation operation will
be performed as a rehearsal for MINERVA-II2 separation.
Press and media briefing• September 24 Tuesday planned Regular press briefing @Tokyo office

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19Reference material

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BOX definition

Earth Sun     

BOX-A

EarthBOX-B

BOX YHP-direction size

Hayabusa2SunZHP

BOX-C

BOX-A operationoperations while hovering at
20km altitude. Regular operation standard.
BOX-B operationTour observation. Hovering area
extended horizontally to enable observations toeither side of the asteroid.
asteroid averageradius

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Ryugu

2.5kmYHPRyugu

XHP

BOX-C operationHovering area extended verticallyto enable observations at low altitude.
Image creditJAXA

asteroid center of mass

Hayabusa2 reporter briefing21Capsule collection site requirements• Southern Hemisphere location– The near point of the Earth return orbit for Hayabusa2 is in the southern hemisphere.
• Low population density area
– An elliptical area of land with a low population density with a length of about 150
km or more.
– Sufficient and appropriate measures (access restriction, evacuation etc) related toensuring safety must be feasible.
• Other– Topology (flat), accessibility, vegetation, etc.
– From the viewpoint of ensuring safety, there should be no political unrest or otherseries risk factors.
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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

22Overview of capsule collection method
Capsule re-entry sequence• Capsule separation when the spacecraft approaches the Earth• Light emission from aerodynamic heating at altitude10040km.
• Parachute open and beacon transmission at an altitude
of about 10km.

Flame Phase
Observation of aerodynamic heat
Altitude 200km à 30kmDuration 0s à 200s
Altitude 30km

Altitude 10km

Recovery method• Deploy direction search station (antenna station) in thelanding area.
Received descending beacon and locates by triangulation principal.
• Search for beacon after landing using helicopter antenna (visual andinfrared cameras will also be used).
• Back-up if parachute does not open: triangulation of the light streak
from aircraft and ground to estimate the re-entry trajectoryand landing point. A search using marine radar is also underconsideration.
image creditJAXA
Beacon Phase
Beacon direction explorationAltitude 10km à 0km
Duration 240s à 1600s

Parachute Phase
Marine radar
Altitude 10km à 0km
Duration 240s à 1600s

Altitude 0km

Surface Exploration Phase
Helicopter
Altitude 0km

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Target marker

A• Body (ball) size: about 10cm diameter• Retroreflective film on the surface• 4 bar rolling prevention• Many polyimide small balls inside• Separation orderB→A→E→C→D• 2018/10/25: B dropped• 2019/05/30: A dropped
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Hayabusa2 reporter briefing

BCDEImage creditJAXA24