2023

Anti-Doping Manual for Kenshi- Cultivating minds and bodies that will not give in to doping

International Kendo Federation (FIK)1

Introduction
Through practicing the principles of the sword, kendo serves as a vehicle forcharacter development. Using illicit drugs and methods to enhance performance,
known as doping, is banned in all competitive sports around the world. As outlinedin the Anti-Doping Rules of the International Kendo Federation (FIK), the FIK also
explicitly forbids the use of illicit drugs and doping.
In order to prevent doping in kendo, it is important to understand its dangers, aswell as recognize ways of deterring it. The FIK Anti-Doping Committee produced
this booklet with these problems in mind. Questions such as “What is doping?”,“Why is doping bad?”, “What does a doping test entail?”, “What are the penalties
for doping?”, “How do I know that the medication I use is not in breach of doping
regulations?” and so on, will be answered in simple terms, and will provide kendo
practitioners with important information about doping. In particular, we strongly
urge kendo instructors to become familiar with the content explained in thisbooklet and help spread the anti-doping message to younger generations.
Anti-Doping Committee
International Kendo Federation
September 9, 2023

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Table of Contents
I.

Preventing Doping
1. What is doping?
2. Why is the anti-doping message important for youth?
3. Frequently asked questions about doping
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨
⑩
⑪

What is doping?
Why is doping not acceptable?
Are doping tests conducted in kendo?
What substances and methods are prohibited?
What does a doping test entail?
Are doping tests also conducted at different times from tournaments?
What happens if a doping test result is found to be positive?
What is the punishment for doping?
Can I be treated for illness or injury with a prohibited substance?
How do I apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)?
What should I do if emergency medical treatment requires the use of aprohibited substance or procedure?

⑫ What should I pay attention to when I have to use a medication?
*Cold Medicine/ *Eye drops, nasal sprays, and ointments/ *Hair
growth treatment/ *Herbal medicines/ *Doctor prescribed
medication/ *Antihistamines/ *Glucocorticoids/ *Intravenous
injections, drips, and dialysis treatments/ * Nutrition
4. Important points to remember!
II. Building Minds and Bodies That Will Resist Doping
1. The importance of conditioning and correct eating habits① Methods of conditioning② About training(1) Physical considerations – improving physical strength(2) Psychological considerations – improving mental toughness(3) Warming up and cooling down
③ A mindset for nutrition(1) Eating habits for kenshi(2) Nutrition and diet for a strong mind and body(3) Tips to prevent dehydration④ Food and nutrition for important occasions, such as shiai and shinsa(1) How to eat one and two days before the event3(2) How to eat on the day of the event⑤ Use of supplements
2. Famous kenshi talk about anti-doping and conditioning.
III. Additional Sources of Information about Anti-Doping
1. Summary of sources of information on anti-doping/conditioning① Information on anti-doping② Information on medications③ Information on conditioning④ Others
2. Kendo Condition Diary
3. The Concept of Kendo
Conclusion

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I.

Preventing Doping

1. What is doping?
Doping is the practice of using drugs and/or exceptional procedures in order toenhance performance, and the disguise of these practices. Doping is prohibitedfor the following reasons: It is harmful to the athlete’s health.
 It is damaging to the value of competition and sport.
 It goes against the spirit of fair play.
 It is anti-social behaviour.
Detection of any prohibited substance in a doping test, even if it was consumed
inadvertently as a result of carelessness or for therapeutic purposes, will beconsidered a doping violation. Additionally, the acquisition or possession of aprohibited substance will also be viewed as a violation. Therefore, the presenceof any prohibited substance must be checked if an athlete requires medication
for health reasons. If the athlete has no choice but to use medication that contains
a prohibited substance, permission must be sought by submitting the appropriate
documentation. A revised list of prohibited substances is issued by the World AntiDoping Agency (WADA) each year. This list can be downloaded from the WADA
website. Doping violations can result in disqualification or suspension fromcompetition (see p. 9).


WADA https://www.wada-ama.org/

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2. Why is the anti-doping message important for youth?
Adolescence is a time when youth experience significant mental and physicalgrowth. It is a vulnerable period for the adolescent who is filled with a sense ofadventure and ambition, and his or her experiences, emotion, and social
interaction encountered at this time are crucial in ethical and moral development.
As such, it is extremely important to teach to young kendo practitioners the antidoping message of “Play True”. The “Anti-Doping Rules” issued by the FIK are
based on the spirit of “Principles of Kendo”, and any attempt to gain a competitiveedge through doping is not tolerated. For that reason, the encouragement of theanti-doping message should be a consideration for all kendo instructors.

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3. Frequently asked questions about doping
This section will provide answers to frequently asked questions about doping insport.
① What is doping?
Doping is the practice of using drugs or special methods in order to enhance
performance, as well as the disguising of these practices. Punishment will be
meted out even in cases where prohibited substances have been ingested
unintentionally. A list of drugs and methods that are not permitted is issued every
year by WADA.
Refer to: https://www.wada-ama.org/② Why is doping not acceptable?
In addition to being detrimental to health (a possible cause of kidney disease,liver disease, and even sudden death) and contrary to the spirit of fair play, doping
has a negative social effect. In particular, doping by respected athletes andcoaches can influence young athletes, and result in them imitating such behaviour.
③ Are doping tests conducted in kendo?
Yes. FIK has adopted the official World Anti-Doping Code issued by WADA. For
this reason, doping is prohibited in all national kendo federations affiliated to the
FIK, and doping tests are therefore obligatory. Currently, doping tests are
conducted at prestigious tournaments such as the World Kendo Championships,
the All Japan Kendo Championships, and the European Kendo Championships.
④ What substances and methods are prohibited?
Prohibited substances are stipulated in the list issued by WADA. The list isrevised and reissued on January 1 each year. It covers both prohibited
substances and methods. The following two categories apply to kendo:
 Prohibited substances and methods at all times (e.g. anabolic hormone
treatment, etc.).
 Prohibited substances and methods in competition.
For more information, visit the WADA website.
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
https://www.wada-ama.org/
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Global DRO also allows you to search by product name. Please use this searchfunction as well.


Global DRO
https://www.globaldro.com/home/

If you are unsure about any medication you are required to take, you can makean inquiry to the anti-doping association or pharmaceutical association in yourarea. Alternatively, you may refer to Global DRO (see above).
⑤ What does a doping test entail?
Some doping tests are conducted at the competition arena (in-competition or inshiai test), and some outside of the competition arena (e.g. at training venues;
out-of-competition or out-of-shiai test). In either case, once the athlete hasreceived notification that he or she will be tested, they must report to thedesignated test station immediately. In the presence of a Doping Control Officer,
the athlete will be required to provide normally a urine sample of no less than 90
ml, and then dispense the sample into two vessels labelled ‘A’ and ‘B’. These
vessels are then sent to a WADA-accredited laboratory for analysis.
⑥ Are doping tests also conducted at different times from tournaments?
Yes. If you are included in the FIK Testing Pool (i.e., you are selected for out-ofcompetition tests by the FIK), the Doping Control Officer of the national antidoping organization of your country may visit your home or practice venue without
notice to conduct the test. You will then be required to follow the procedures
outlined in ⑤.

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⑦ What happens if a doping test result is found to be positive?
The following procedure will be carried out if a test proves positive for prohibited
substances:
Notification of a positive result in the ‘A’ sample is issued

If an admission of doping is not forthcoming,

Acknowledgement ofanalysis of the ‘B’ sample will be requested

dopingAnalysis of the ‘B’ sample is performed

Violation not confirmed

Violation suspected
A closed hearing is held by the Anti-Doping Discipline

Notification of negative result

Panel (separate from WADA/NADO)

issued by FIK or NADO

Disciplinary Board discussion and ruling= sanctions possible

If a prohibited substance is detected in the ‘A’ sample and the athlete admits todoping, the test is confirmed as a fail, and sanctions will be imposed. However, if
the athlete denies any wrongdoing, an additional analysis using the ‘B’ sample
will be conducted for verification. If the ‘B’ sample is also found to containprohibited substances, the athlete will be offered an opportunity to give an
explanation, after which a review will be carried out.
⑧ What is the punishment for doping?
In the event that a doping violation is detected during a competition, the match
results of the offender will automatically be invalidated. If the violation is a first
offence, the offender will generally be given a four-year ban from competition.
Furthermore, any coaching or support staff deemed to be involved in the violation
will also be subject to sanctions. Even ‘inadvertent doping’, where it is claimed
that nobody knew a prohibited substance was present in a medicine or
supplement, is considered a violation and will be punished. An appeal can be9made through the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) against Disciplinary Board
verdicts in the case of international competitions, or national sports arbitration
agency for domestic competitions.
⑨ Can I be treated for illness or injury with a prohibited substance?
Athletes who use prohibited substances or procedures for the purpose of
medical treatment must apply for a “Therapeutic Use Exemption” (TUE).
Applications for exemptions at national level competitions should be made to the
TUE committee of your national anti-doping organization, and applications forinternational events must be made to the TUE committee of the FIK. The TUE
committee will assess the application, and permission for the therapeutic use ofprohibited substances or procedures may be granted. The criteria for approval
are as follows:(1) The diagnosis must be based on appropriate clinical evidence.
(2) Use should not produce an effect that improves athletic performance
beyond restoring health.
(3) The prohibited substance/method is an indicated treatment for the
relevant disease and there is no other alternative treatment method.
(4) It is not a treatment for the side effects of doping.
⑩ How do I apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)?
Those participating in competitions organized by the FIK must submit a TUE to
the FIK; this is also the case with athletes included in the FIK Testing Pool. Allothers should apply directly to their national anti-doping organization through theirnational kendo federation. The TUE application form can be obtained from the
WADA or FIK website, or the national anti-doping organization website. The
athlete must fill out the required forms. All questions regarding the application
process can be directed to the FIK or national kendo federation. The TUE
decision will be sent directly to the athlete.
⑪ What should I do if emergency medical treatment requires the use of aprohibited substance or procedure?
In such cases, please apply for a TUE promptly after using the prohibited
substance or method as a treatment, attaching medical information to prove theurgency of the situation. This is called a retroactive TUE application. The
conditions for approval of a retroactive TUE are the same as those for an
application made prior to use (⑨).
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⑫ What should I pay attention to when I have to use medication?
The medications you use may contain prohibited substances. Many medications
have very similar names, so research them carefully before use and do not makeassumptions about them.
Detailed information can be obtained at the "Global Drug Reference Online(Global GRO)" (https://www.globaldro.com/home/index) and also from yournational anti-doping organization.
It is highly recommended that coaches and athletes who have questions aboutprohibited substances contained in their medication make inquiries directly totheir national anti-doping organization.
 Cold medicine
It is important to take extra care with cold medicines as many contain theprohibited substance ephedrine. Always check the label for ingredients such as
methyl ephedrine, ephedrine, ephedra, etc., as these are all prohibited
substances.

 Eye drops, nasal sprays, and ointments
Some eye drops and nasal sprays contain prohibited substances such as
stimulants and glucocorticoids. However, taking medicine in this way is notprohibited. For this reason, an application for a TUE is not required. It is also
possible to use ointments that contain glucocorticoids for the treatment of eczema
and hemorrhoids.
 Hair growth treatment
In the past, hair growth treatments that contained finasteride have beenprohibited but this is no longer the case. Nevertheless, treatments for facial andbody hair can contain the male hormone testosterone and should not be used.
 Herbal medicine
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As there are many complex combinations of ingredients contained in herbal
medicines, the exact content of each remedy is not always clear. Furthermore,even though some natural remedies used in herbal medicines are similar in name,factors such as the manufacturer, the origin of the raw materials, and the durationof their harvest, all play a role in producing slightly different products. Someherbal medicines contain prohibited substances, such as ephedra.
Therefore, if you do choose to take herbal treatments, it is important to seek theadvice of a team doctor or pharmacist who has an intimate knowledge of antidoping. It is generally advisable to avoid the use of herbal medicine, and obtaining
a TUE for such medicines can be difficult.

 Doctor prescribed medication
There are some prescription medicines that can also violate doping regulations.
If you are using a prohibited substance for medical purposes, the necessary
medical documents to support an application for a TUE (see p.10) must be
submitted and approved in advance. Failure to do this may result in you being
cited for a doping violation. The following are some important points for athletes
taking prescription medicine to remember:(1) Make sure you know the names of the medications used when you
received treatment. Ask your doctor to write down the names of the
medicines used in your “Regular Medication Notes” or “Medication
Notebook”.
(2) When you visit a medical institution, tell them that you are an athlete
and that you do not want them to prescribe any substances
thatprohibited by anti-doping regulations.
(3) Always have a note of the exact name, dosage, and administration of12

any medications that you usually take, and if there are instructions forthem, keep them with you. For medicines that you take only when you
have particular symptoms (i.e., for occasional use), write down thedate and dosage when you take them.
(4) Medications should be checked by a sports doctor who is familiar with
anti-doping rules.
(5) Never use medicines whose contents are unknown.
(6) If you must use a prohibited substance or method for treatment, pleaseapply for a TUE (see p.10).
 Antihistamines
Oral ingestion of medicines for allergies and itching is not prohibited. However,
you should exercise care as some of these medications do contain stimulants.
Irritation of the eyes and nose can also be treated with glucocorticoids by meansof eye drops and nasal sprays. In either case, it is important to consult with yourdoctor or a pharmacist who has a good knowledge of anti-doping, or contact theregional anti-doping hotline in your area.
 Asthma medication & inhalers
In the past there were many types of asthma medications that required a TUE.
However recently, there are an increasing number that do not require special
permission for use. That said, there are restrictions on the number of times aperson can use an inhaler. For more information contact your doctor or theregional anti-doping hotline in your area.
 Glucocorticoids
This is a type of steroid that is sometimes used to stop inflammation. Injection of
glucocorticoids is now prohibited in all areas (intravenous, intramuscular,
periarticular, intra-articular, peritendinous, intratendinous, epidural, intrathecal,
intrathecal, intrathecal synovial sac, intralesional (such as keloids), intradermaland subcutaneous). However, if use is absolutely necessary, a TUE must be
submitted.
 Intravenous injections, drips, and dialysis treatments
Intravenous injections and infusions are allowed only if they are deemed
medically necessary when you visit a medical facility. In such a circumstance,
you do not need to apply for a TUE after the fact. However, for example, after a13hard practice on a hot day, everyone will be dehydrated to some extent, but if
you can drink water by yourself, an IV infusion is not allowed. Please drink
water by yourself. In this context, intravenous infusion or intravenous injectionmeans more than 100 mL per 12 hours in total; according to the WADA 2023
Prohibited List , an intravenous infusion or intravenous injection exceeding
100 mL per 12 hours is prohibited, except in the course of treatment at a
medical institution with inpatient facilities and in the course of a medical
examination, surgical procedure, or clinical examination. If you are
undergoing dialysis therapy for kidney disease, a TUE application is required.
 Nutrition
Prohibited substances can unexpectedly be found in food ingredients. In
particular, the medicinal herbs in Chinese style medicinal cooking can containprohibited substances such as ephedra, and some ingredients mixed into cattle
feed as a fattening agent for cows has been reported to contain the prohibited
substance clenbuterol. This procedure of adding certain hormones to livestock
feed is still carried out regularly in some countries, so please be cautious.
For more information on how to find out what medicines are safe or unsafe to use,please refer to the following flow chart.

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Important points to remember!
 Anti-doping is an issue that transcends the world of sport and is now
a global concern.
 Intentional doping is “a dishonest and dangerous act”.
 Even unintentional use of prohibited substances and procedures may
be deemed as a doping violation and punished.
 It is important to seek professional advice when unsure about the
ingredients of a medicine.

15II. Building Minds and Bodies That Will Resist Doping
1. The importance of conditioning and correct eating habits
In order to avoid doping, it is crucial for you as an athlete to complement yourphysical training (conditioning) by establishing correct eating habits. Rather thansimply learning kendo’s techniques, developing the ability to undergo
conditioning processes is vital for the promotion of anti-doping. Increasingawareness of the importance of conditioning, and the ways in which it can be
conducted, is an essential part of kendo instruction.
① Methods of conditioning
A conditioning regimen is generally comprisedof the following three elements:Keiko (training)
Nutrition
RecoveryNot only limited to keiko, the kendo instructor must also teach correct nutrition
and recovery methods and endeavour to cultivate independent athletes. All threeof these aspects must be addressed properly to become strong in kendo.
Furthermore, conditioning for shiai must include mental preparation, technique(strategy/tactics), physical training, and environment (management). As such, a
conditioning log sheet can be used – like the one included in this booklet (seep.28 – as a means to document the necessary build-up for competition
preparation.
② About training(1) Physical considerations – improving physical strength
Fast acquisition of peak physical performance is the goal of many athletes
who succumb to the temptation of doping. While doping can aid in building
muscle and improving endurance, it can also result in serious and permanentside effects, or even death. Therefore, it is important for instructors andcoaches to encourage young practitioners to build up their physical ability
through effort, and not be tempted to take the easy path.
While strong bodies can be developed through kendo training, there are16many other methods, such as resistance training and running, that are also
effective to this end.
(2) Psychological considerations – improving mental toughness
Doping can also have an effect on an athlete’s mental toughness, including
an enhanced sense of fighting spirit, the reduction of tension, and a decreasein fatigue. However, this can lead to a dependence on drugs in addition toother side effects.
Kendo athletes should be reminded that keiko is the best way in which tobuild mental strength, and this is especially true of training camps held in thewinter and summer. Young kendo athletes should be made aware of thesignificance of keiko and its link to forging a stronger spirit. Kendo has many
spiritual teachings such as shikai (the four weakness of the mind - surprise,fear, doubt, and confusion), kigurai (commanding presence) and shishin(mental block). The importance of these concepts should be taught alongside
the technical and physical side of training.
(3) Warming up and cooling down
As a daily conditioning routine, warming up and a cooling down should bedone before and after keiko. Warming up increases the suppleness of themuscles and broadens the range of movement in
the joints. Furthermore, this will help you toprepare mentally, enabling you to obtain the ideal
level of tension and focus. Furthermore,circulatory function is also improved, meaning that
not only is performance in keiko enhanced, but
fatigue can also be reduced. This will lead tobetter keiko and the prevention of injuries.
Cooling down allows the muscles to relax andrejuvenate while helping to reduce the aftereffects of fatigue.

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③ A mindset for nutrition
It is very important to eat well and enjoy your food. What we want to be evenmore aware of for kendo is that nutrition and diet are linked to physical and mental
health. Although it is tempting to eat what you like, when you like, and as muchas you like, one of the major causes of lifestyle-related diseases today isunbalanced nutrition and diet. Please wholeheartedly enjoy your meals, but also
remember that nutrition greatly contributes to kendo and your health.
(1) Eating habits for kenshi
A regular daily rhythm is important for children’s healthy growth and theprevention of lifestyle-related diseases, fatigue, and aging. A key aspect of aproper daily rhythm is eating three times a day, with breakfast being the mostimportant meal. Neglecting breakfast can make it difficult to engage inactivities in the morning, cause nutritional deficiencies for the day, and leadto obesity. Even if you have morning training, have breakfast before or after
training at a time when it is convenient to eat.
What is even more important in a kenshi's diet is to eat a variety of foods
without being picky. Each type of practice in kendo has its own meaning. You
will not get stronger by avoiding the training you dislike and practicing only
the training you like. The same goes for nutrition. If you continue to eat only
the foods you like, leaving out the foods you dislike, you will become
unbalanced. Get a variety of nutrition from a variety of foods.
Furthermore, adult kenshi should be aware that smoking and drinking too
much can lead to health problems. Consider refreshing yourself in ways otherthan smoking, such as chewing gum, taking a relaxing drink, or engaging inlight physical activity. You can reduce the strain on your body by abstaining
from drinking a few days a week, or setting a limit on the amount of alcohol
you can drink in one sitting as well as avoiding heavy drinking. If drinking after
practice, rehydrate with water or a sports drink immediately after and eat
some snacks before drinking to slow down the absorption of alcohol. Find ahealthy way to consume alcohol.

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(2) Nutrition and diet for a strong mind and body
A nutritionally balanced diet is one that provides a good balance of the fivemacronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals). Hereis a “five-ingredient diet” that is easier to achieve nutritional balance than
thinking only in terms of nutrients.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Staple food (rice, bread, noodles, potatoes, etc.)
Side dishes (meat, fish, eggs, soy products, etc.)
Vegetables
Milk and dairy products
Fruit

People who practice a lot should take 1 to 5 three times a day. People who
do not practice so much should take 1 to 3 three times a day, and 4 and 5
once or twice a day.
For example, if you have a breakfast of toast and coffee, you will only havestaple food (1). To further improve the nutritional balance, you can add a sidedish (2) and milk and dairy products (4) by adding ham and sliced cheese to
the toast. If you substitute 100% orange juice for coffee, you can also get fruit(5). This alone will increase your intake of protein, calcium, and vitamins,build a strong body and bones, and help you maintain good physical condition,compared to a breakfast of just toast and coffee. If it is difficult to get all fiveof these things together right away, so start by trying to get as close to thatshape as possible.

19(3) Tips to prevent dehydration
Since kendo players wear a men, they cannot easily drink water during
practice. However, if you sweat a lot, dehydration can cause fatigue and lossof concentration, leading to heat stroke. Depending on the intensity, time, andenvironment of your practice, you should take breaks and rehydrate yourself
at appropriate times.
The key to hydration between training sessions is to drink frequently rather
than a lot at once.
1.

2.
3.
4.

5.

The guideline for water content is to lose no more than 2% of your bodyweight during practice (if you weigh 60 kg before practice, you should
not weigh less than 58.8 kg after). Weigh yourself before and after
practice to determine the amount of water lost.
Hydrate with water or caffeine-free tea (e.g. barley tea) when not
sweating much.
If you sweat a lot, use a sports drink to take in sugar and salt (0.1-0.2%
is recommended).
In hot weather, cold beverages (around 5-15°C) are good to drink, arequickly absorbed by the body, and quickly lower an elevated bodytemperature. Use a water bottle.
Make it a habit to weigh yourself every morning after waking up. If yourweight remains down the morning after practice, hydrate before andafter practice and at meals and snack times (juices are also water) toensure that you regain your weight the next morning. This will preventyou from becoming ill due to dehydration.

If it is difficult to rehydrate during practice, takein a little water frequently starting in the morningof the day of practice. By doing so, you will beable retain a certain amount of water in your
body.

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④ Food and nutrition for important occasions, such as shiai and shinsa
The most important thing to keep in mind when eating and getting nourishment
for important occasions, such as competitions and examinations, is to maintainthe best possible physical condition up to the day of the event so that you canperform at your maximum potential on the day of the competition or examination.
(1) How to eat one and two days before the event
We recommend a refreshing home-cooked meal, the same as a regular meal
with the aforementioned “5 ingredient diet”. Please also refer to the following
points:● Because of the physical and mental tension during this period, thefollowing foods should be avoided: rich side dishes (pork cutlets, grilled
meat, steak, and other high-fat foods), expensive nutritional drinks andother foods not normally consumed, high-fiber foods (burdock, sweet
potatoes, hijiki, seaweed, dietary supplements with added fiber, etc.), raw
foods (raw eggs, sashimi, etc.).
● If possible, refrain from drinking alcohol for several days prior to the event.
This will help you recover from fatigue smoothly, and you will be in perfectcondition for the competition or examination.
(2) How to eat on the day of the event
When exercising, it is easier to move if there is no food left in the stomach.
Keep in mind the digestion and absorption time of food and the start time ofthe event, and consider what, when, and how much to eat.
A normal meal such as the “five-ingredient meal” generally takes three to fourhours to digest, so it is best to finish it at least four hours before the start ofthe event.
If you are going to eat something about two hours before the main event, werecommend the following high-sugar, low-fat foods: rice balls, udon noodles,
rice cakes, toast, sponge cake, etc.
If you have less than one hour before the event, a jelly drink, sports drink, or
100% fruit juice is recommended.
If you are in a tournament-style competition and keep winning andprogressing or have several league-style matches in a day, take a few
beverages or snacks between matches.
A light meal as soon as possible after the event is over will help you recoverquickly.
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Digestion and absorption times vary from person to person. Please consider
what is the best food for you at competitions and gradings and try simulating
it several times before the real event.
⑤ Use of supplements
There are two types of supplements: (dietary) supplements and ergogenic aids.
First of all, supplements are intended to provide nutrients that cannot be obtained
through one’s diet. If you are eating a normal diet, do not feel sick, and aremaintaining and improving your muscle strength commensurate with your keiko
and training, then there is no need to take supplements. If you want to improveyour nutritional status, your first priority should be to review your basic diet.
Ergogenic aids are non-nutrient supplements that are taken to improve athletic
performance. Ergogenic aids may seem like a magic potion that will make youless tired or increase your muscle strength, but you need to be very careful whenusing them. First, consider whether you really need to take it. Then, it is importantto check that the action of the ingredients in the product you want to use is basedon scientific evidence, and that the studies that provide evidence for the action of
the ingredients are valid.
These are some situations in which nutritional intake may not be sufficient fromfood:
● Increased physical activity and not getting enough nutrition from theintake of food.
● Insufficient time for meals and post-meal breaks (during training camps,
competitions, etc.).
● Dietary restrictions due to food allergies.
● Unable to provide a good environment for meals due to training camps,
training trips, etc.
● Difficulty eating due to stress, fatigue, or other digestive or absorptiondifficulties.
● Nutritional deficiencies caused by weight loss or poor health.
● Nutrition needing to be increased depending on weight gain and training
conditions.
In the above situations, the use of supplements can be effective. However,professional knowledge is required to analyze the nutritional status of the meal
and to judge the effectiveness and safety of ergogenic aids. We recommend thatyou consult with a professional nutritionist or dietitian before using them.
In selecting a supplement, please review the following points:● Check the ingredients included in the supplement and refrain from using22

it if there are any uncertainties.
● Check the product’s packaging and the manufacturer’s website for safetyrelated information.
● If the product carries a certification mark, check the reliability andexpiration date of it.
Contamination of dietary supplements is also a possibility. Contamination refers
to the inclusion of prohibited substances that should not be present in the raw
materials. To reduce the risk of contamination, choose supplements that are
manufactured in Japan or by companies that have a proven track record of nevercausing contamination in the past.
Finally, there is no guarantee that supplements are safe. It is not safe to use a
supplement because someone recommends it, and it is also dangerous torecommend a supplement to others if you do not know its ingredients. You aresolely responsible for your own use of these supplements. Please do not casually
approach the topic of taking supplements, but rather carefully consider your own
situation and the product you wish to use before deciding to do so.

23

2. Famous kenshi talk about anti-doping and conditioning
Naoki EigaJapanese representative at the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th World Kendo
Championships (WKC); Winner of the men’s Individual competition at the 11th
WKC; Coach of Japanese Men’s Kendo Team at the 15th WKC, All Japan Kendo
Champion at the 48th All Japan Kendo Championships.
My first experience with the doping test procedure was in 1994, at the 9th World
Kendo Championships held in France. Immediately following the prize giving
ceremony, all members of the winning Japanese team were required to take partin the assessment. I remember feeling frustrated at the thought that this wasdeemed necessary in kendo.
However, it is not uncommon to hear of athletes in other sports being too eager
to win, and stripped of their medals as a result of doping infringements. I believethat the mentality “doing anything to win” is not the way forward. So, in order toprove the justness and wholesomeness of kendo to the rest of the world, I
realized the importance of doping tests in kendo competition.
From the point of view of “lifelong kendo”, failure to ensure that sense of justness
throughout my kendo career could render all my achievements as worthless. As
such, I am always careful to follow the guidance of the WADA, the Japan AntiDoping Agency and the All Japan Kendo Federation Anti-Doping Committee,even when taking everyday cold medicine.
To promote the healthy development of youth kendo,
enhance the credibility of kendo competition, and also tocontinue to contribute to the idea of lifelong kendo, I am
determined to follow the anti-doping rules.

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Shoji Teramoto
Japanese representative at the 12th, 13th, and 14th World Kendo Championships;
Coach of Japanese Men’s Kendo Team at the 16th, 17th and 19th WKC, All Japan
Kendo Champion at the 55th All Japan Kendo Championships
I participated in three World Kendo Championship campaigns. As arepresentative for the Japanese team, I felt that I was being watched closely bykenshi from other countries. Not limited to my performance in matches, mybehaviours, etiquette, and demeanour were also scrutinized – from the beginningof my pre-shiai warm up, to the time I returned to my hotel room. I believe thatbeing a member of the Japanese kendo team requires me to be a role model for
the wider kendo community. Therefore I came to realize that if I were found to bein violation of doping regulations, I would not only being hurting myself but also
kendo overall.
Seminars for anti-doping awareness became a part of the Japanese national
kendo squad training camp menu from the 12th World Kendo Championshipcampaign. At that time, we were able to consult with team doctors and trainers
with confidence about the types of medicines that were safe to use. Now, evenwhen I am not in preparation for competition, I am still cautious about any
medicines that I need to take. I have participated in a number of doping tests, andI consider them an important chance to prove that I am a clean athlete.
I personally live by the motto “kihaku (indomitable spirit)”.
I believe that one’s kihaku can be cultivated through keiko,not by doping.
In line with the philosophy of kendo, I totally indorse the“Play True” message.

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Chinatsu Murayama
Japanese representative at the 12th and 14th World Kendo Championships; All
Japan Kendo Champion at the 44th, 45th, 46th, 48th, and 50th All Japan Women’s
Kendo Championships
I have participated in doping tests several times in my career. When selected fora test, the Doping Control Officer asks you to accompanying him or her
immediately after the competition. Refusal to go with the officer is considered to
be a doping violation. Whether I win or lose a competition, I like to take some time
to reflect on my performance, and catch up with the people who supported me
throughout the day. In some cases, I am just eager to get home quickly. So I
remember being frustrated at the lengthy assessment process in the beginning.
However, after attending the anti-doping seminars held during the AJKF training
camps and learning more about the anti-doping message, I came to appreciate
the need for tests and my responsibility to participate in them. Athletes showing
support for the concept of fair play in this way is an important part of holistic
education for youth. It is an unfortunate truth that even young people are now
doping and abusing drugs. For these reasons, support for
the anti-doping movement is not only a way for me to provemyself as a drug-free athlete, but it is also one way I cancontribute to our society through kendo.

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III. Additional Sources of Information about Anti-Doping
1. Sources of Information about Anti-DopingWorld Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
https://www.wada-ama.org/

Global Drug Reference Online (Global DRO): this site provides athletes andsupport personnel with information about the prohibited status of specificsubstances based on the current WADA Prohibited List.
https://www.globaldro.com/

International Kendo Federation (FIK)Ph:+81-3-3234-6271
Fax: +81-3-3234-6007

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2. Kendo Condition Log sheet
Date -

/

/

Day -

Weather/Temperature -Weight - kg

Today’s Goals

Keiko/training details

Today’s Condition
Body Condition

Good

5

4

3

2

1

Poor

Technical Condition

Good

5

4

3

2

1

Poor

Mental Condition

Good

5

4

3

2

1

Poor

Daily Evaluation

Yes

No

1. I slept well□□

2. I had a good day at school□□

3. I was able to concentrate during training□□

4. I felt properly hydrated□□

5. I had enough to eat□□

6. I was aware of my condition

□

□

Notes

Reflection

Use this condition log sheet before and after keiko to understand and monitor yourcondition. The final box labelled “Reflection” can be filled out by both athlete andcoach.

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3. The Concept of Kendo

The Concept of Kendo
The concept of kendo is to discipline the human character through theapplication of the principles of the katana (sword).

The Purpose of Practicing Kendo
The purpose of practicing kendo is:
To mold the mind and body,
To cultivate a vigorous spirit,
And through correct and rigid training,
To strive for improvement in the art of kendo,
To hold in esteem human courtesy and honour,
To associate with others with sincerity,
And to forever pursue the cultivation of oneself.
This will make one be able:
To love his/her country and society,To contribute to the development of culture,
And to promote peace and prosperity among all peoples.
(Established on March 20, 1975)

The Mindset of Kendo Instruction” and its Explanation
The Significance of the Shinai
For the correct transmission and development of kendo, efforts should be madeto teach the correct way of handling the shinai in accordance with the principlesof the sword.
Kendo is a way where the individual cultivates one’s mind (the self) by aiming forshin-ki-ryoku-itchi (unification of mind, spirit and technique) utilizing the shinai.
The “shinai-sword” should be not only directed at one’s opponent but also at theself. Thus, the primary aim of instruction is to encourage the unification of mind,
body and shinai through training in this discipline.
Reiho - Etiquette
When instructing, emphasis should be placed on etiquette to encourage respect
for partners, and nurture people with a dignified and humane character.
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Even in competitive matches, importance is placed on upholding etiquette in
kendo. The primary emphasis should thus be placed on instruction in the spirit
and forms of reiho (etiquette) so that the practitioner can develop a modest
attitude to life, and realize the ideal of koken-chiai (the desire to achieve mutual
understanding and betterment of humanity through kendo).
Lifelong Kendo
While providing instruction, students should be encouraged to apply the fullmeasure of care to issues of safety and health, and to devote themselves to thedevelopment of their character throughout their lives.
Kendo is a “way of life” that successive generations can learn together. The prime
objective of instructing kendo is to encourage the practitioner to discover anddefine their way in life through training in the techniques of kendo. Thus, thepractitioner will be able to develop a rich outlook on life and be able to put theculture of kendo into use, thereby benefitting from its value in their daily lives
through increased social vigour.
March 14, 2007
All Japan Kendo Federation

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Conclusion
This revised manual was prepared by the members of the All Japan Kendo
Federation Anti-Doping Committee (Kazuya Kameo, Satoshi Kozawa, Koichiro
Sueyoshi, Yukiko Kadono, Ayano Hamai, and Masayuki Miyasaka), with thecooperation of Ms. Mako Yoshida of the All Japan Kendo Federation Secretariat.
For the second section, “Building Minds and Bodies That Will Resist Doping”, we
asked Ms. Satoko Yamada, a certified sports nutritionist from Green Hospitality
Food Service Co. The illustrations are by Masato Kadono.
The FIK Anti-Doping Committee subsequently decided to produce an English
version of the manual and entrusted the task to the Bunkasha International Inc. .

If you find anything in the text that is ambiguous, incorrect, or missing, please feel
free to notify the International Kendo Federation Secretariat, (Tel. +81-3-32346271 Fax. +81-3-3234-6007).
Thank you for your cooperation.

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Date of issue: November 2012 (1st edition, 1st printing)
April, 2017 (1st edition, 2nd printing)
September 2023 (second edition)
Issued by:International Kendo Federation〒102-0074
2F Yasukuni Kudan Bldg, 2-3-14 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
Phone: +81-3-3234-6271
fax +81-3-3234-6007

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