Novel Tests of QCD at J-PARCp

Elab = 50 GeV

Polarized proton Beam

Secondary Beamsd(x)− u(x) asymmetry
momentum scale of QCD: 300 MeV• Characteristic

fundamental aspects of nuclear force• ↑pp
pp→ scattering:πX
Conformal scaling laws
• Exclusive channels:
Double-Diffractive
Drell-Yan
Color transparency:
Coherent color eﬀects
•pp →
+
−
p+" " +p

• Nuclear Eﬀects, Hidden Color

Prototype for exclusive Higgs production• Anomalous heavy quark phenomena• Spin Eﬀects: AN, ANN
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

1

Stan Brodsky, SLAC• Measure Elastic Proton-Proton Scattering
Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC
pp → Λc(cud)D0(cu)p

pp →

• dσ
Measure Elastic Proton-Proton
Scatteringpp • Measure Elastic Proton
dt (pp → pp) at large pT .

•• Measure
Measure Elastic
Elastic Proton-Proton
Proton-Proton Scattering
Scattering

σ(pp
dσ
σ(pp
→
cX)
(pp
→
pp)
at
large
pT .
Test PQCD AdS/CFT conformal scaling:dt
dσ
dσ
dσ(pp
(pp
→
pp)
at large pT .
0 (cu)p pp → Λ
(pp
→
→
pp)
pp)
at
at
large
large
p
p
.
.
dt
T
T
pp
→
Λ
(cud)D
dt
dt
c
twist
= dimension- spin =12• Measure
Elastic
Proton-Proton
Scattering
Total open charm crossTota
sect
Test PQCD AdS/CFTcpp
F (t/s)conformal
Test
Test
PQCD
PQCD
AdS/CFTAdS/CFT
conformal scaling:scaling:
twist="
dimension
-σ(pp
spin
M
(s,
t)
∼
dσ (pp →
σ(pp
→
cX)
1µb
Test
PQCD
AdS/CFT
conformal
scaling:
4
pp)
at
large
p
.
s
T =
dt
twist
twist
=
= dimension
dimension -- spin
spin
= 12
12
σ(pp →σ(pp→cX)
twist = dimension- spin = 12needed to explainneedF (t/s)KrischAN
2
Test Quark
Interchange
Mechanism
M (s, t) ∼ s4
|F (t/s)|dσ
Total
Test Quark
Interchange
Mechanism(pp→ pp) ∼ conformal
PQCD
AdS/CFT
scaling:
FF(t/s)(t/s)
Test open
QuarkcharmInterchange
Me
s10
M
M(s,
(s,t)
t) ∼
∼ dt ss44
Total
crossComsect
twist = dimension-F spin= 12
Compare with strangeness c
(t/s)
1
2 →
M (s, t)M
∝ (s,
σ(pp
dσ (pp → 1pp) ∼ |F (t/s)|
21u2t) ∼4ttransparencyσ(pp1µb
M (s,Quarkt) ∝Test
Test
M (s,
t)cX)
∝ t2"
2 colordt→
s10 pp →|F|F(t/s)|(t/s)|22 s Mechanism+
tF2(t/s)
uInterchange
2
dσ
dσ(pp
u
pp
→
Λ(sud)K
(su)p
→∼
pp)
pp) ∼
∼ ss10
10
dt
dt
M(pp
(s, →
t)
4
neede
Single-spin sasymmetry AN
neededtoexplain
Krisch
AN
1
2
Test
color
transparency
Single-spin
asymmetryA|F (t/s)|M (s, t) ∝N
Single-spin asymmetry AN
dσt(pp
2 u2
→
pp)
∼
Test
Test
color
color
transparencytransparency
Comp
Aspectsofdσ (pp →dtpp) ∼ |F (t/s)|2
s10 Study Fundamental
Comparewithstrangenessc
Exclusive Transversity
AN N
dt
s10
Exclusive Transversity
AN
Single-spin
asymmetry A
NuclearForce
NN
Exclusive
TransversityppA→
N NΛ
pp → Λ(sud)K +(su)p
Test color transparency
Test
RN color transparency
RN
Exclusive
Transversity AN N Novel Tests of QCD
RN
KEK
at J-PARC
Stan Brodsky, SLAC
1/3
11-30-05
Traditional Glauber Theory: σA ∼2 Z1/3 σpF (t/s)
dσ
(pp
→
pp)
=
dt
s9.7±0.5

Spin Correlations in Elastic p − p Scattering
RN N
pT
Collisions Between Spinning Protons (A. D. Krisch)
Scientific American, 255, 42-50 (August, 1987).
AN
plab
√
s

But: Oscillations, Anomalous AN , AN N

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC
SLAC ISI
cos 2φ correlation in Stan
DY Brodsky,
from double

3

Scaling is a manifestation of asymptotically free hadron interactions
From dimensional arguments at highenergies in binary reactions:A

C

CONSTITUENT COUNTING RULE

B

D

Brodsky and Farrar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31 (1973) 1153
Matveev et al., Lett. Nuovo Cimento, 7 (1973) 719

Counting Rules:
q(x) ∼ (1 − x)2nspect−1 for x → 1

Predictions
from conformal
symmetryF (Q2) ∼ ( Q12 )(n−1)
F (t/s)dσ (AB → CD) ∼(nparticipants −2)dtshadron helicity
conservation

nparticipants = nA + nB + nC + nD
(2n

−1)

dσ (AB → CX) ∼ F (t̂/ŝ)× (1−xR ) spectators(n−2)
d3 p/E(p2 ) participantsT

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

4

Farrar, Jackson;
Lepage, sjb;
Burkardt, Schmidt, Sjb

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Test of PQCD Scaling

Constituent counting rules

Farrar, sjb; Muradyan, Matveev, Taveklidze

s7dσ/dt(γp → π+n) ∼ const
f ixed θCM scaling

PQCD and AdS/CFT:
sntot −2 dσdt (A + B → C + D) =FA+B→C+D(θCM )
+
s7 dσ
(γp
→
π
n) = F(θCM )dt
ntot = 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 9

Conformal invariance at high momentum transfers!
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

5

Stan Brodsky, SLACNew Perspectives on QCD
Phenomena from AdS/CFT• AdS/CFT: Duality between string theory in Anti-deSitter Space and Conformal Field Theory• New Way to Implement Conformal Symmetry• Holographic Model: Conformal Symmetry at ShortDistances, Conﬁnement at large distances• Remarkable predictions for hadronic spectra,
wavefunctions, interactions• AdS/CFT provides novel insights into the quark
structure of hadrons
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

6

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

collisions between protons revealed aplethora of other short-lived, strongly interacting particles. Shortly afterwards, a theory
emerged that proposed that all of thesedifferent particles were particular excitation
modes of a string: as a violin string canvibrate with different frequencies, thesestrings could oscillate in different ways,
corresponding to the ‘zoo’ of particles thatwas observed. This ‘string theory’ proved
useful in explaining some aspects of themasses and spins of the particles.
But further experiments carried out
through the 1970s showed that protons are
not fundamental particles. In the same way
that, muchofearlier
in the century,
Rutherford
Mapping
Poincare’and Conformal
had
shown
that the atomic
nucleusSO(4,2)
symmetriesof 3+1 space
to wasmuch smaller AdS5
than anatom, experimenters
space
showed that protons, and neutrons, havesmall point-like constituents. This didn’t fit
with the theory of protons as strings, which
are extended objects. In fact, these experiments led J.
to Maldacena
a new description of the strong
interaction in terms of point-like quarks andgluons, through a theory called quantum
chromodynamics (QCD).
As the electron carries an electric charge,

StringParticle in four dimensions

AdS5 Metric

Holographic
Model

Fifth dimensionz

Figure 1 Strings, particles and extra dimensions.
Strings moving in the fifth dimension are
represented in the everyday world by theirprojection onto the four-dimensional boundaryof the five-dimensional space-time. The same
string located at different positions along thefifth dimension corresponds to particles ofdifferent sizes in four dimensions: the further
away the string, the larger the particle. The
projection of a string that is very close to theboundary of the four-dimensional world canappear to be a point-like particle.

NATURE | VOL 423 | 12 JUNE 2003 | www.nature.com/nature

KEK

11-30-05

Four-dimensional
space-time

curved space-timeboundary corresp
dimensions, anddescribes the motio
ary into the intertime. In this fivethere is a strong g
objects away fromresult time flows mthe boundary tha
implies that an obj
size in the interior cent size when vie(Fig. 1). Strings ex
sional space-time
when they are c
Polchinski and Strenergetic four-dim
an electron) is sca(describing protoncomes from a str
boundary and it islike object. So a striproton is not at othat there are point
Because the thinterior of the five© 2003 Nature Publishing Group

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

7

Stan Brodsky, SLACAdS/CFT and QCD• Non-Perturbative Derivation of Dimensional
Counting Rules (Strassler and Polchinski)• Light-Front Wavefunctions: Conﬁnement at LongDistances and Conformal Behavior at shortdistances (de Teramond and Sjb)

• Power-law fall-oﬀ at large transverse momentum, x → 1• Hadron Spectra, Regge Trajectories
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

81
Jz = +
2
Stan Brodsky, SLAC• Polchinski & Strassler: AdS/CFT builds inconformal symmetry at short distances, counting,rules for form factors and hard exclusive
processes; non-perturbative derivation• Goal: Use AdS/CFT to provide models of hadronstructure: conﬁnement at large distances, nearconformal behavior at short distances• Holographic Model: Initial “classical”
approximation to QCD: Remarkable agreementwith light hadron spectroscopy• Use AdS/CFT wavefunctions as expansion basis
for diagonalizing HLFQCD ; variational methods
Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

9

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

&234'45&.436&.78'43$&

1&' .#/'0&()*+ ,#-!

Conformal Behavior : t 2F1(t) = const
!-"

!-!

KEK

11-30-05

9:%9:%;1;")<+&=>'?&79@":#-%&72.# /'0&/A>BB&*'&7B-0
2)C /'0&/A>BB&*'&7B-0

!

"

#!

#"
$!
$ 2
-t (GeV&!'&()*+, )Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

10$"

Remarkable scaling
behavior%!

Non-perturbative model:
Diehl, Kroll
Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Timelike Proton Form Factor

latation : x → λxµµ

• Define “Effective” form factor by• Peak at threshold, sharp dips at 2.25 GeV,
3.0 GeV.
• Good fit to pQCD prediction for high mpp.

nversion[x → −
µ

µ
x

]
×
translation×inversix2−2 slog Λ2F (s) ∝
s2
Nicolas Berger
N. Berger

11

AdS/CFT
Holographic Model
AdS/CFT Holographic
Model

AdS/CFT Holographic Model

AdS/CFT Holographic Model
Near-conformal QCD
Near-conformal QCD

Near-conformal QCD

ΛQCD = 0.184 GeV for the pion

Near-conformal
QCD
ΛQCD = 0.184
GeV
0.157Fπ Λ
QCD = 0.157 GeV
(t)
log
Fπfor
(t)the pion and log
GeVlog Fπ (t)
log
F
(t)
π
2
Ratio predicted
to F
approachlogp(t) 2:5
1

Ratio predicted to approach 2:52

log Fp(t)CompareAdS/CFT Holographic M
Comparelog Fp(t)0log Fp(t) AdS/CFT
2 ∆++∆− + p
Model
dp →
Q2 GeVQ2 Holographic
GeV2
dp → ∆++∆− + p

0

QCD
-2
dp →Near-conformal
p n+p
2
2
Q2 GeV2 Near-conformal
QCD
GeV
One
Λ
dp →Q
p n+
p One parameter:
QCDparameter: ΛQCD
-1
at high t.

-4

log Fπ (t)at high t.
ΛQCD-2 One parameter:log Fπ (t)One parameter: ΛQCD
-6

-3
-10

-5

log Fp(t)0log Fp(t)
5

10

-8

-30

11-30-05

-10

0

10

20

t [GeV2]t [GeV2]

KEK-20

One parameter:
ΛQCD
Novel Tests
of QCDat J-PARC

12

G. de Teramond,sjb
One parameter:
ΛQCD
Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Light-Front Wavefunctions
Dirac’s Front Form: Fixed τ = t + z/cψ(x, k⊥)ki+
xi = +
P

0 < xi < 1

QCD
HLF |ψ >= M 2|ψ >Invariant under boosts. Independent of P
KEK

11-29-05

QCD at the Amplitude Level
and AdS/CFT

13

µ

n
!

xi = 1i=1Stan Brodsky, SLAC

|p, Sz >= ∑ Ψn(xi,!k⊥i, λi)|n;!k⊥i, λi >n=3The Light Front Fock State Wavefunctions
Ψn(xi,!k⊥i, λi)are boost invariant; they are independent of the hadron’s energy
and momentum Pµ.
The light-cone momentum fractionki+
ki0 + kizxi = + = 0p
P + Pzare boost invariant.
n

∑
i

KEK

11-29-05

ki+ = P+,

n

n

i

i

∑ xi = 1, ∑!ki⊥ = !0⊥.

QCD at the Amplitude Level
and AdS/CFT

14

Stan Brodsky, SLACIn terms of the hadron four-momentum
0 ± P 3 , the li!⊥) with P ± Compute
QCD P = (P +2, P −, P
ms of the hadron four-momentum=PH|Ψh# = Mh |Ψh#−, P!⊥) with P ± = P 0 ± P 3, LC
the light- front frame independent
Hamiltonian
LFWFS
from f
QCD
The hadronstatefor|Ψah! isexpandedin a Fockrame independent
Hamiltonian
hadronic
composite
system
H
= PµP
LC
ﬁrst
principles
QCD+ −P! 2 , has eigenvalues
ic composite statesystem complete
HLC = Pµbasis
P µ = of
P −Pnon-interacting
n- given in term⊥
! 2 , has eigenvalues given in terms of the eigenmass M squared corresponding−P
particle states |n! with an infinite number of⊥measuretheis stgenmass M squared
correspondingtothemassspacespectrumof the color-singlet
The
hadronofstate|Ψhphase! is expanded
in a integration
Fockcomponents
ss spectrum of thecolor-singlet
statecompletebasisinofQCD,
non-interacting ndefinedby statesD,
particle states |n! with an infinite
numberofnΨh# = M2h |Ψh #

(3)
[dxi
λi )
⊥i hadronicn/h i ⊥i,state
and a normalized#ψ|ψ$ = 1,n,λi # $!
can be expressed
asn/ha(xsum[dxi d2!k⊥i]ψ
i, k⊥i, λofi) overlap inten,λ!⊥wavefunctions
i light-front|n: xi P + , x i P+ !k⊥i, λi!
grals ×of
#$

#'
n

KEK

11-29-05

n##components
2
3
(2)
!k⊥$
" 1 − δQCD[dxi d !k⊥i]!! = (16π
)
δ
x
2
j
|Ψ # = Mh |Ψh#!LCP
!Ψh(P +, H⊥ ) =h
j=1
$=1
!
"
! 2
+
!⊥) = !
Ψh!
,P!dk(P ]ψ
(x , k!⊥ + !k⊥i, λi!
× |n :2xiP +, xiP[dxi d !k⊥i] |ψn/h(xi, !k⊥i, λi)|2 = 1. (4)QCD at the Amplitude Level
and AdS/CFT

15

Stan Brodsky, SLACAdS/CFTandLight-Front
R) = ∆(∆ − 4). For large spacetime angular momentum L, we recover the string theory
Wavefunctions
sults for the spectrum of oscillatoryexited states µ ( L/R. The physical string modes are

ymptotically the dimensions become spaced by integers, according to the spectral relation
2

ane waves along the Poincaré coordinates with four-momentum Pµ and hadronic invariant

Light-Front
Wavefunctions can be determined by•µ2
ass states given by Pµ P = M . The four-dimensional mass spectrum ML then follows

matching functional dependence in ﬁfth
hen we impose the truncated space boundary condition Φ(x, zo ) = 0 on the solutions ofdimension to scaling in impact space.

e AdS wave equation
mass µ:β != 0,with
mq effective
!= 0

" 2 2
#
2
2
2
z ∂z − (d − 1)z ∂z + z M − (µR) f (z) = 0,(2)!

→ ζ = b modesx(1 − arex)
here Φ(x, z) = e−iP ·x f (z). The znormalizable

momentum behavior matches• HighΦα,ktransverse(x, z) = Cα,k e−iP ·x z 2 Jα (zβα,k ΛQCD ) ,th Cα,k =√PQCD LFWF with orbital: Belitsky, Ji, Yuan

(3)

3
2

2 ΛQCD /Jα+1 (βα,k )R , α = 2 + L and ∆ = 4 + L for d = 4. For small-z, Φales as z −∆ , where the scaling dimension ∆ of the string mode has the same dimension ofNovel Tests of QCD

e interpolating
hadron.
KEK operator which creates a at
J-PARC The four-dimensional mass spectrum is11-30-05

16

Stan Brodsky, SLACLFWFS give a fundamental description of
hadron observables• LFWFS underly form factors, structure functions
generalized parton distributions, scattering amplitudes•

Parton number not conserved: n=n’ & n=n’+2 atnonzero skewness• GPDs are not densities or probability distributions• Nonperturbative QCD: Lattice, DLCQ, Bethe-Salpeter,
AdS/CFT

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

17

Stan Brodsky, SLACdeTeramond, sjb

z= R2/r

AdS/CFT• Use mapping of SO(4,2)
r = Rz to AdS5
2

2 2
2
2
Λ
xµr →
xµ
= λ QCDzr≡ r →byλ ≡• Scale Transformations represented
wavefunction Ψ(r)Confinement:
in 5th dimension
2 2x2µ → λ xµ≡r → λr≡z → λzΛat large• Holographic model: Conﬁnement
r−∆
= z

•

2
QCD

z → λzConfinement:
ψ(r)
→Λr2
at large r, small z
QCD
distances and conformal
symmetry
at shortr= z
2 → λ1
2 x2 ≡ r → r
distancesx≡ R2z → λz
0 < z < z0µ= Λ µ, r > r0 = ΛλQCDr
2 x2 QCDx2→
λµµ ≡1 r → λ ≡ z → λz
0 < z < z0 = Λ, r > r0 = ΛQCD
QCD
Confinement:
Match solutions at larger
to conformal
Confinement:
ψ(z0) = ψ(r0) = 0

dimension of hadron wavefunction at shortψ(z0) = ψ(r0) = 0
distances1−∆0<
z0 large= Λ r, ,smallr > rz0 = ΛQCD
ψ(r) →
r z <at
QCD“bag” boundary• Truncated space simulates
0 < z < z0 = Λ 1 , r > r0 = ΛQCD
conditions

QCDψ(z0) = ψ(r0) = 0

2

r = Rz)

0.4

Match fall-oﬀ at large r to
Conformal Dimensionof State at short distances

0.3
0.2
0.1

ψ(r)

r−Δ(n,!)

0
-0.1
-0.2

Truncated AdS5 spacer0 = ΛQCDR2-0.3

ψ(r0) = 0

1

0.5
r0 |
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

19

1.5

r

2

2.5

Stan Brodsky, SLACn in (a). The predictions for first orbital exited states (L = 1 and L = 2) are show
Guy de Teramondntationof theModel
light-frontAdS/CFT
wave function in termsof x andnd(c)Holographic
respectively.
SJB#k⊥ , ψL (x,esentationofthelight-front
wave
function
in
terms
of
x
and
nt form
prediction for#k⊥ , ψL (x, #kariantform
he representationof the light-front
wave
function
in
terms
of
x
and
#
%
LFWF
−1 meson"#%he invariant form " ΛΛ
−1QCD
#
C
ζ|
k
|
#
QCD
⊥
C
ζ|
k
|
#
%
⊥
#k⊥#k) )==−1 dζJ" ΛdζJ$ψL (x,J1+L$
ψL (x,
J1+L (ζM). (ζM) .
0
#k⊥ |
QCD 0
⊥
C
ζ|
4π
4π
x) − x)x(1$ −ψL (x, #k⊥) = 00dζJ0 x(1J1+L (ζM) .
(4πx(1 − x)0k⊥ | →#∞ limit the important contribution to (30) is from the regionn→the∞|#k⊥limit| → ∞ thelimit importantthe important contribution
contribution to (30)from theregion ntois(30)
is fromt$− x)/|
k
|.
At
large
k
the
LFWF
has
the
scalingbehavior⊥⊥#|. At large#k⊥−|.x)/|⊥ the LFWF has the scaling behavior/|x(1Atk⊥largek&⊥ ktheLFWF
has the 'scaling behavior'&
L 'L &
1+L
&
'
1+L
#
#
|
k
|
x(1
−
x)
⊥ |k⊥ |
x(1
− x)
&
'
&
'
#
L
1+L
#
$
ψ(x, kψ(x,
)
→
,
,
(
⊥ k⊥ ) → $#2#2#kx(1 − x)k|x(1|x(1
−
x)
k
−
x)
⊥
⊥
⊥
#

ψ(x, k⊥ ) → $
,
2
#
x(1
−
x)
#
k
hducesreproducesk⊥ dependenceof theresults
foundinin[7].
[7].The
The results
results presen⊥
the #k⊥thedependenceof theresults
found
prese

also include
the scaling
behavior
in thex variable.
clude
the scaling
behavior
in thex variable.
Agrees# with PQCD prediction

Ji, Ma,Yuan

es the k⊥ dependence of the results found in [7]. The res
Novel Tests of QCD
Concluding
Remarks
KEK
dethescalingbehavior
inatthe
J-PARCx variable. Stan Brodsky, SLAC
ncluding
11-30-05 Remarks
20

x
ψ(x, b)1

0.2 0
0.8 0.6 0.4

AdS/CFT
prediction formeson LFWF

1
0.75
0.5

Holographic Model
Guy de Teramond
SJB

0.25
0
1
2

! 3
ζb[GeV= b−1x(1
− x)
]
4

!

ζ = b x(1 − x)

Two-parton ground state LFWF
space ψ(x, b) for a for n = 2, " = 0, k = 1.
z →in impactζKEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

21

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Teramond
where
C = B 1/2 . In
Fig. 1 we show the Guymodelderesults
for the light-front waveAdS/CFT
function
Holographic
Modelof a two-parton bound state ψ!L (x, ζ) as a function
longitudinal
SJB of the constituent’s predictionfor#momentum fraction x and 1 − x, and the impact space variable b⊥ . The predictions
LFWF
correspond to the ground state, L = 0,!and thefirst orbital exited statesmeson
L = 1 and"ate Llight-front
wave function ψ is(x,b⊥ ) as function of the= 2. The normalization in the figures L
arbitrary.
10

10

tum fractionx x and 1 − x andrelativex the impact spacex
QCD model. The results for the ground state (L = 0) are
first orbital exited states (L = 1 and L = 2) are shown in
1

00.40.2
0.6
0.8

1
0.8

1

L=0

0.75

0
0.40.20.8 0.6

0.6

1

L=1

0
0.40.2
0.6
0.8

L=2

0.4

0.4
0.5
0.25

0.2

0
0

0
0

0.2

ht-front wave function in terms of x and #k⊥ , ψL (x, #k⊥ ),
0
0

5

" Λ−1
QCD

5

b

10

#

%

5

b

10

b

10

#k⊥ |
ζ|
FiguredζJ
1: Two-parton
function$ bound state light-front
J1+Lwave(ζM). ψ!L(x, "b⊥) as function(30) of the0constituents longitudinal momentum fraction x and 1 − x and the impact space relativex(1 − x)0
coordinate "b in a holographic QCD model. The results for the ground state (L = 0) are⊥

shown in (a). The predictions for first orbital exited states (L = 1 and L = 2) are shown in(b) and (c) respectively.

mportant contribution to (30) is from the region near
Novel
Tests
of QCD
representation
ofthe
the light-front
wave
functionin terms of x and #k⊥ , ψL (x, #k⊥ ),k⊥ theTheLFWF
hasscalingbehavior
KEK
at J-PARC
Stan Brodsky, SLAC
has theinvariant form
11-30-05
%
&
' &
' #22
−1

u
u uud +
d
!

p =

!uud

Form Factors !!!!p!!!!!!!!!' p'

(d)

u
u
g uudg +...
d+

uudg

2

F##' (Q ) = $np' # ' J (0) p #x1, k"1, # 1+q(0) p #''''Form Factors !!!!p!!!!!!!!!
p
J
p
#
:
x2, k"2, #2
p qqq

g +...

2

F##' (Q ) = $qn2F##' (Q ) = $nx, k!"uud

x, k"

i 1

i=1

!n (xi, k"i, # i ) :

(x,Q)
%M =

Large Q2
2

& d k"
M n2 < Q2
T
H
%

x1

'(

p+q, #'= #'(TH #$ x2

TH #$ x2 KEKpx3x11-30-05
3

yp2
y3

TH #$ x2

y2

x3

y3

=$

+ of
...QCDNovel
2 Testsyx

x+ n ... at J-PARC
p

y3

23

#

*2s
4

Q

+

...

f (xi, yi,)

2 p' J$!(z) J+(0) p(e) Compton'!!p!!!!!!!''
Conformal
Behavior: t p'
F1(t) = const

dxi'dyφ (x, Q̃)×TH (xi, yi, Q̃)φI (yi, Q)
x('1(i F
qy1
q
'(

yq1

y1

%

' X#'=p# J+(z) J+(0) p(c) Deep Inelastic p p+q,

q

x1

%

p, #

p, #

=

p, #
Scaling Laws from PQCD
or AdS/CFT p+q, #' #1–x, –k"

!T
2
H

%

%

x, k"

2

%

M =

p+q, #'

!n
'
p+q,
#
(b) Distribution Amplitude!n
pQCD!nFactorization

! "

TH

Large Q2

!n

p, #

!n

Exact DYW Formula$!
x = 1, $ k"i = 0
= i

p, #

Large Q!n"! ! "

np+q, #'

p, #

x3,x,
k"3
k , #"3 qx, kn"!"!q"q
Lepage,Sjb
Radyushkinx,Efremov,k"x, k"!"!q"p

Large s, tk'kStan Brodsky,
SLAC
T
H

PQCD and Exclusive Processes
M =

! "

Lepage; SJB
Efremov, RadyuskindxidyiφF (x, Q̃)×TH (xi, yi, Q̃)φI (yi, Q)• Iterate kernel of LFWFs when at high virtuality; distribution
amplitude contains all physics below factorization scale• Rigorous Factorization Formulae: Leading twist• Underly Exclusive B-decay analyses• Distribution amplitude: gauge invariant, OPE, evolution
equations, conformal expansions• BLM scale setting: sum nonconformal contributions in scaleof running coupling• Derive Dimensional Counting Rules/ Conformal Scaling
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

24

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Hadron Distribution
Amplitudes
n−1 ! Q 2"
φ(xi, Q) ≡ Πi=1
d k⊥ ψn(xi, "k⊥i)• Fundamental measure of valence wavefunction• Gauge Invariant (includes Wilson line)• Evolution Equations, OPE

Lepage; SJB
Efremov, Radyuskin• Conformal Expansion• Hadronic Input in Factorization Theorems
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

25

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Lepage & sjb

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

26

Stan Brodsky, SLAC" 0 [nb] ( |cos ! * |<0.6 )

1

10

10

1

" 0 [nb] ( |cos ! * |<0.6 )(a) # + # Belle
ALEPH

10

-1

-2

2.5

3

3.5

4

10

+

-1

" 0(KK) / " 0( # # )

1.4

-2

2.5

3

(c)

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
2.8

3

3.2

3.4

4

PQCD, AdS/CFT:Δσ(γγ → π+π−, K +, K −) ∼ 1/W 6| cos(θCM )| < 0.6

1

2.6

3.5

W[GeV]

1.2

0
2.4

Two Photon Reactions
Hard Exclusive Processes:
Fixed angle

W[GeV]
1.6-(b)K K
Belle
ALEPH

3.6

3.8

4

W[GeV]

Fig. 5. Cross section for (a) γγ→π + π − , (b) γγ→K + K − in the c.m. angular region|cos θ ∗ | < 0.6 together with a W −6 dependence line derived from the fit of s|RM |.
(c) shows the cross section ratio. The solid line is the result of the fit for the data
above 3 GeV. The errors indicated by short ticks are statistical only.

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

27

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

2
2
dσ
16πα
|F
(s)|
M
+
−
PQCD:
(γγ → M M ) ≈,∗4∗d|cos θ |ssin θ
2.40-2.50GeV

2.50-2.60GeV

2.60-2.70GeV

2.70-2.80GeV

2.80-2.90GeV

2.90-3.00GeV*# -1
d # /d|cos " |0here M represents a meson and FM denotes its electromagnetic
gt [2], based on the perturbative approach, claimed a need for s
ns, as his result for the hard contribution was well below the eoss section obtained by CLEO [3].
2.5

0 3.00-3.10GeV

3.10-3.20GeV

3.20-3.30GeV

3.30-3.40GeV

3.40-3.50GeV

3.70-3.80GeV

3.80-3.90GeV

3.90-4.00GeV

4.00-4.10GeV

3.50-3.60GeV

2.5

0 3.60-3.70GeV!+!K +K -

2.5

1.227
sin 4 "*

ehl, Kroll and Vogt (DKV) proposed [4] the soft handbag con*
o-photon annihilation into pion|cos
or kaonpairs at large energy and"|ansfers, in which
theAngular
amplitude
expressedahard
Fig. 4.
dependence isof thecross section, by
σ dσ/d|cos
θ |, γγ
for → qBELLE processes. The curves are
the π π (closed circles) and K K (open circles)
d a form factor
describing
soft only.
transition from qq to the1.227 ×sin θ . The errorsthe
are statistical
0
0

0.3

0

0.3

0

0.3

0

0.3

0

0.3

Belle Preprint
KEK Preprint

+ −

+

−4

−1
0

∗

−

∗

Measurement of the γγ → π +π − andγγ → K +K − processes
at energies
of 2.4–4.1 GeV
∗
+ −
+ −
dσ
∆N(W
,
|cos
θ
|;
e
e
→
e
e X)
∗
!
(W,
|cos
θ
|;
γγ
→
X
)
=
(2)
d|cos θ∗ |
Lγγ (W )∆W ∆|cos θ∗ |$(W , |cos θ∗ |) Ldt
Belle Collaboration
Novel Tests of QCD
jH. Nakazawa j, S. Uehara,Brodsky,
K. Abe j , K. SLAC
Abe at , H. Aiha
at J-PARC
Stanxbbwhere N and $ denote the number
eventsanda productof de- b, T. Aushev
M. Akatsu
, Y.
Asano
, V. Aulchenko
28 of the signal

KEK11-30-05

30 Dec 2004

on leave from Nova Gorica Polytechnic, Nova Gorica, Slovenia

4

!

f

aq

aj

Why do dimensional counting
rules work so well?
• PQCD predicts log corrections from powers of αs, logs,
pinch contributions• QCD coupling evaluated in IR regime.

• IR Fixed point! DSE: Alkofer, von Smekal et al.
• QED, EW -- deﬁne coupling from observable,
predict other observable• Underlying Conformal Symmetry of QCD
LagrangianKEK11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

29

Stan Brodsky, SLACNew Perspectives on QCD
from AdS/CFT• Holographic Model from AdS/CFT : Conﬁnement at large
distances and conformal behavior at short distances• AdS/CFT predicts Light-front wavefunctions:
Fundamental description of hadrons at amplitude level­• AdS/CFT: gluonium (gg) , meson (q q), and baryon (qqq)
spectra• Quark-interchange dominates scattering amplitudes• No ggg bound states
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

30

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Remarkable prediction of AdS/CFT:Why is quark-interchange dominant over gluon
Dominance of quark interchange
exchange?
Example: M (K +p → K +p) ∝ ut12
Exchange of common u quark††d2k⊥dx ψC ψD ∆ψAψB

p

p

‫ر‬

u

Holographic model (Classical level):
Hadrons enter 5th dimension of AdS5

p

u
d

u

‫ر‬

MQIM =

!

d
u

QIM
p
5-2005
8717A1

Quarks travel freely within cavity as long as
separation z < z0 = Λ 1
QCD

LFWFs obey conformal symmetry producing
quark counting rules.

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

31

Stan Brodsky, SLACLARGE ANGLE SCATTERING AND THE INTERCHANGE FORCE.
By J.F. Gunion, Stanley J. Brodsky, Richard Blankenbecler (SLAC),. SLAC-PUB-1183, Feb 1973. 76pp.
Published in Phys.Rev.D8:287,1973

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

32

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Blankenbecler, Gunion, sjb

MIT Bag Model
predicts dominance of quarkinterchange: deTar

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

33

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

34

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

d
u

p

p

‫ر‬

u
d

p

KEK

11-30-05

u

‫ر‬

u

QIM
p
5-2005
8717A1Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

35

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Test of Quark Interchange Mechanism in QCD

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

36

Stan Brodsky, SLACdσ (pp → ∆++ ∆0 ) : dσ (pp → pp)
dt
dtdσ (pp → ∆++ ∆0 ) : dσ (pp → pp
dt
dt

F (θcm )Test dσ=dt
s10

F (θcm )Test dσ=dt
s10

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC++)∆0→++ ∆0 → (pπ + ) + (pπ
−) 0
++
+
− )pp→
pp
→
∆
∆
(pπ
+
(pπ
→
∆
(p
pp
→
∆
pp
→
∆
∆
→
(pπ
)
+
(pπ
AdS/CFT conformal scaling
AdS/CFT conformal scaling

++

++

0

+

0

+

−

+ ) + (pπ − )Measure Ratio
pp →interchange∆++∆0 →(pπ
Test quark
mechanism
MeasureRatio
Testu-quarku d interchange dom
MeasureRatio
Test
HadronHelicity
Conservation:
asure Ratio−dσ (pp → ∆++ ∆0 ) : dσ (pp++0dσ+ ) +dt(pπ −dt0++1dσ (pp → ∆++ ∆0 ) dσ
dσ
pp
→
∆
∆
→
(pπ
(pp
→
∆
∆
)
:
(pp
→
pp) +
M ++
∝dtu2t0: dt (pp → pp)
Measure Ratio
dt
2dt
pp → ∆∆F (θ→) (pπ ) +λ∆++ + λ∆− = λp + λp = −1, 0, +1.
dσ
cm
dσ
1
++
0
= s10
M ∝ uTest
pp → ∆∆ ) : dt (pp → pp)
dt
2 2dσ (pp → ∆++ ∆0 ) : dσ (pp →dσpp) F (θcm ) Test dσ = F (θcm )t
Measure= s10
dt Ratiodt
dtTests10
Polarization
Correlations
ANdtN “Exclusive
TransverAdS/CFT conformal scal
Measure Ratio

F(θcmF)(θcm)
dσ
st dσ
=
10 10
dtTest dts=sity”

dσ (pp → ∆++0 ) : dσscaling
AdS/CFT
conformal∆(pp → pp)
AdS/CFT
conformal
scalingdt
dt
Testu-quarkdσ (pp → ∆++ ∆0 ) : dσinterchangedtsdt
dt (pp → pp)
Single-Spin Asymmetry AN of ∆F (θinterchange
dσ dominance
cm )
Test
dominanceu-quark interchange
AdS/CFT conformal Test
scaling
Test u-quark=
10dt
F (θcm )s
S/CFT conformal scaling
Test dσ=
Test Hadron Helicity Conservation:dt
s10
Color Transparency
Test u-quark interchange dominance AdS/CFT conformal scaling
AdS/CFT conformal scalingλ∆++ + λ∆0, +1.
− = λp + λp = −1,
st u-quarkinterchange
dominance

Test u-quark interchange dominanc
Novel Tests of QCD
Polarization
Transver-Test u-quark interchange domi
KEK Correlations AN N “Exclusive
at J-PARC
Stan Brodsky, SLAC
11-30-05
sity”
37

and M. Strikman,“Soft pion theorems for hard near-threshold
Keyproduction,”
QCD Experiment at J-PARC
pion
Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 022001 (2001)
P. V. Pobylitsa, V. Polyakov
x
P.and
V.M.
Pobylitsa,
Strikman, V. Polyakov
1Soft-pion
theorem relates
“Soft
pion
theorems
for
hard
near-threshold
and M.near-threshold
Strikman,x
pion
production
2pion production,”“Soft pion
theorems
forhard near-thresholdto thenucleondistribution
amplitude. x3
Phys. Rev.
Lett.
87, 022001(2001)!

N

pion production,”
1: Nucleon pole contribution to the soft pion theorem for gene
Phys.
Rev.
Lett.
87,Figure022001
Soft-pion
theorem
relatesSmall
pπ invariant
mass;(2001)
low relative velocity
amplitudes.

near-threshold pion production
to the nucleon
distribution
F (θamplitude.
dσ (ppcm )−theorem
→
(π
p)
+
p)
=
Soft-pion
relates
Conformal
Scaling,
AdS/CFTin sFig.
The contribution of this diagram is strongly suppressed f
10 1.
dt

for W − Wth ∼ mπ it becomes significant, see Eqs.(24,25).
near-thresholdpion
production
Test QCD scalingin hardexclusive nuclear
Let us start from the calculation of the first (commutator) termSamescalingas distribution amplitude.
toamplitudes
thenucleonchiral rotation of the trilocal quark operator O does not change its

to express−generalized πNF DAs(θcmat) the threshold in terms of nucleondσ (pp
→
(π
p)
+
p)
=
F (θcm ) φ (x) and φ (xdσtheF (θcm−dσ (pp → pp) =dσ
10F(θ)of functions
dt )
cm
We
write
nucleon
DA
in
terms
−
s
(pp
→
(π
p)
+
p)
=
S
A
10 in hard exclusive
nuclear 10
dt
dtTest QCD scalings10sdt
and antisymmetric respectively unders x1 ↔ x3 (1 and 3 are quarks
amplitudes[4, scaling11]. For theSameasproton we have

(pp → (π p) + p) =Same scaling as

No extra fall-off

Test QCD scaling in hardφS (x) exclusive nucledσ (pp → pp) = F (θcm ) |p ↑& = √6 |2u↑d↓ u↑ − u↑ u↓ d↑ − d↑ u↓ u↑ &amplitudes dσ (pps10→pp) = F (θcm)
Test QCD scalingdtin hard exclusive
nuclear

amplitudes
KEK

11-30-05

dt
φsA10
(x)
√ |u↑ u↓ d↑ − d↑ u↓ u↑ & .
+Novel Tests of QCD
2
No extra atfall-off
J-PARCNo extra fall-off
Stan Brodsky, SLAC
The distribution amplitude for neutron can be obtained from the aManifestations of Hidden Color in Deutero
38

Test QCD scaling in hard
amplitudes
Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC
amplitudes
Manifestations of Hidden Col
Test QCD scaling
Test
QCD
scalinginhard
exclusive
nuclearManifestationsofHiddenC
Test
QCD
scalinginhard
exclusive
nuclear
amplitudesColo
Wavefunction
ManifestationsofHiddenamplitudes
amplitudes
Wavefunction

Wavefunction+
pp → dπ+pp → dπManifestations of H
Test QCD scalinginhardexclusive
nuclearManifestations
Manifestations ofof Hidden
Hidden Color
Color inin Deuteron
Deuteron
Wavefunction+
amplitudes Wavefunction
Test QCD scalin
pp → dπWavefunction
pp → Λc(cud)D0(cu)p
amplitudes
pp → dπ +ManifestationsofHiddenColorinDeuteron
+
pp
pp →
→ dπ
dπ +
p pd
Wavefunction
pd →Manifestations o
pdWavefunction
→ pd
σ(pp
→
cX)
pd
→
pd
pd → pd
pp → dπ +pp → Λc(cud)D0(cu)p

pd → pd
pd → pd
pd → pd
Conformal Scaling, AdS/CFTdσ (pp → dπ + ) = F (θcm )
dt
s12

KEK

11-30-05

Conformal
Total openScaling,charm crossAdS/CF
sectionat+

pp → dπpσ(pp → cX) " 1µb F (θ )dσ (ppcm+ ) =pd → pd
σ(pp
→dπ
cX)
→
12
dt
s
needed to explain Krisch AN N
Total open charm cross section at
Novel Tests of QCD
Compare with strangeness channe
at J-PARC σ(pp → cX) "Stan1µbBrodsky, SLAC
39+

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC

Measure baryon spectrum B = 1, Q =MeasurebaryonspectrumMeasurebaryonspectrum
B =B1,=Q1,=Q1= 1
MeasureMeasure baryon
baryon spectrum
spectrum B
B=
= 1,
1, Q
Q=
=1
1
Measure baryon spectrum B = 1, Q = 1
pp → Λc(cud)D0(cu)p
dσ (pp → X + p)
dσ (pp → X + p)
B
2
dtdM
B
2
2
B
dσ(pp
dσ
dσ
dtdM
Rp
(MB ) ≡
B(pp
(pp
→
X+
+
p)
→→
XBX
p) p)
+
B
B
B
2
2
2
RB2(M222,t)≡dσ (pp → p + p)
dtdM
dtdM
dtdM
B
dσ
B(pp
Bdσ
B
→→
XB
+ p)
p)
p+
RB
(M
t) ≡
≡ dtdMRB (M, t, Bs)≡
R
dtdM2
2 2 (ppBB(MB,, t)
B
dσ
dσ
dσ
dtdM
2
B(pp
σ(pp
→
cX)
B(pp
(pp
→
p
+
p)
→
p
+
p)
→
p
+
p)
2
2
2
RB (MB ) ≡ dtdM
dtdM
dtdM
dσ
B(pp → p + p)
B B
0 (cu)p pp → Λc2pp→Λ(cud)DcdtdMB
Measurediffractive
open charm
produ
Total
open
charm
cross sectio
Minimal FSI at large t (Color transparency)p
MinimalFSI
at large
large(Colortransparency)
Minimalattt (Colortransparency)
at forward
MinimalFSIFSIat larget (Colortransparency)
p xF
Measurediffractive
open charm production σ(pp → cX) " 1µb
Test PQCD
prediction:
Compare withσ(pp →dσ (pp → 2p + Λ + X)
Test
PQCDxFprediction:
prediction:
Test
PQCD
at forward
σ(pp
→
cX)
C
dtdxF F (MB /t, t/s)2
Test PQCD prediction:
to explain Krisch AN N
RB (MB , t, s) ∝ needed
Power-law fall-off with
2 ]!
[M
Total odσ (pp → fall-off
Bopen
1Power-lawfall-offwithorbitalangularmoPower-law
with
Total
charm
cross
sectio
p
+
Λ
+
X)
2
2
orbitalangularmomentum
C
M
≥
16
GeV
dtdxF
2
"
1
1
Compare with strangeness chmentumorbitalangularmomentum [M2B ]"
dσ
∗
2
2"
MB
[MB ]
(γ (Q ) → XB + p)σ(pp →
22
∗
dM
σ(pp
→
cX)
"
1µb
2
2
M
γ
2
2
BB
M
≥ 16 GeV
RScaling(MB , Q)≡
Comparewithvariable. ∗ pp→ Λ(sud)K +(su)pdσt (γ2(Q ) → p + p)
neededdM2
needed to explain Krisch AN N
B
Power-law fall-off with
ComparNovel Tests of QCD
1Comparewithstrangenesschorbitalangularmomentumdσ
Measurediffractive
open
charm
production
KEK
∗
2
2
at
J-PARC!
[MB ] Stan Brodsky, SLAC
2 (γ (Q ) → XB + p)
11-30-05∗
dM
pp → Λ(B40
at forwardxF+
Rγ (M2 , Q2) ≡MOMENTUM TRANSFER DEPENDENCE OF NUCLEON RESONANCE PRODUCTION IN PROTON
PROTON COLLISIONS AT 24 GEV/C.
U. Amaldi et al.. 1971.
Published in Phys.Lett.B34:435-438,1971

Volume 34B. number 5

P H Y S I C S LE T T ~; RS

t5 March 1971

T h e c r o s s s e c t i o n f o r e x c i t a t i o n of t h e
N*(1688) is d e t e r m i n e d w i t h m u c h l e s s a m b i g u i t y2/,GeV/cI~-- P*P~P+P
t h a n t h a t to the o t h e r r e s o n a n c e s b e c a u s e t h e c o r .~ \_ p+p~p.p.~ \ o p.p~p~N'(1236)
r e s p o n d i n g p e a k is m o r e p r o m i n e n t . Fig. 3aL,[,\o p.p-p.N CIS203~1 ~ . p.p-p+N"(1400,
s h o w s t h e r a t i o of the N*(1688) p r o d u c t i o n to t h e
I:~, \. p.p-p.N'(,688)I}~. ~
elastic proton-proton cross section. The figure°{:.\ . p+p-p.N'(2190)/ ',a l s o s h o w s t h e s a m e r a t i o f o r the c o r r e s p o n d i n g
r e a c t i o n s i n i t i a t e d by 16 G e V c n e g a t i v e p i o n s[111 ~ a n d by h i g h e n e r g y e l e c t r o n s [12]. In t h e
r e g i o n 0~ i l ; ~ 0.5 G e V 2 t h e r a t i o s f o r 7r-p a n d
pp a r e e s s e n t i a l l y t h e s a m e ** i n s u p p o r t oft h e i d e a of f a c t o r i s a t i o n of t h e P o m e r a n c h u k s i n g u l a r i t y [141 . In t h e r e g i o n 0.5]1!~ 1.5 G e V 2
t h e r a t i o f o r t h e p r o t o n i n i t i a t e d r e a c t i o n s isIo , ~Itlc6eV)much bigger, showing a striking peak which ref l e e t s t h e s t r u c t u r e in the e l a s t i c c r o s s s e c t i o n .
B e y o n d ]li = 2 G e V 2 t h e r a t i o s f o r the pp a n d ep
d a t a a r e s i m i l a r , a s c o n j e c t u r e d by Wu a n d Yangf[91. In a d d i t i o n , a s n o t i c e d a l r e a d y by A n d e r s o n
e t al. [11 ], fig. 3a s h o w s t h a t t h e 7r-p a n d ep r a Iq c~v)'
tios are similar over their whole common rangeof m o m e n t u m t r a n s f e r .
Fig. 2. Differential c r o s s seetions for nucleon r e s o Fig. 3b s h o w s t h e r a t i o of the N*(1688) p r o nance production and ehlstic s c a t t e r i n g in 24 GeV/cduetion cross section and the non-resonant proproton-proton interactions. The symbol used for thelast points of the N*(1400) c r o s s section r e p r e s e n t s a
d u c t i o n c r o s s s e c t i o n in t h e s a m e m a s s r e g i o n a s
one st~mdard deviation upper limit.
a f u n c t i o n of II i. A f t e r a n i n i t i a l f a s t r i s e t h i s r a t i o d r o p s g r a d u a l l y with i n c r e a s i n g l ] ; s u p e r i m Novel Tests
of QCDposedin t h i s s l o w f a l l is a s t r u c t u r e in t h e r e g i o n
d a t a [ 3 - 5 , 7,81
h
a
v
e
not
b
e
e
n
p
l
o
t
t
e
d
in
fig.
2
f
o
r
KEK
at
J-PARC1 "--: ]li ~ 2 G e V 2, r e f l e c t i n g theStanf a c t tBrodsky,
h a t t h e n o n -SLACr e a s o n s of c l a r i t y , b u t t h e g e n e r a l a g r e e m e n t isgood where a comparison is appropriate.
r41
esonant cross sections have an even more gra-

10•--

r

U :,, "\

4

11-30-05

Predictionsof AdS/CFT

8

(a)

6

Only oneparameter!

N (2600)

N (1700)
N (1675)
N (1650)

4N (2220)(GeV2)

2

Entire lightquarkbaryonspectrumN (2250)
N (2190)08

N (939)N (1535)
N (1520)

N (1720)
N (1680)

Guy de Teramond
SJB
Phys.Rev.Lett.94:
201601,2005(b)∆ (2420)

6

hep-th/0501022∆ (1950)∆ (1920)∆ (1910)∆ (1905)4∆ (1930)∆ (1232)201-2005
8694A7

S=3/2
S=1/2

∆ (1700)∆ (1620)

0

2

L

4

6

Fig: Predictions for the light baryon orbital spectrum for ΛQCD = 0.22 GeV

Novel Tests of QCD

Quark-Hadron
KEK Duality, Frascati, 6-8 June 2005at J-PARC

11-30-05

42

Page 20

Stan Brodsky, SLAC• SU (6) multiplet structure for N and ∆ orbital states, including internal spin S and L.
SU (6)
56

70

56

70

56

70

S
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
2

L

Baryon State
N1
2

0

N1
2

1

N1
2

−

−

(1535) N 3
2(1650) N 3
2

−

−

∆1
2

−

(1620) ∆ 3
2

−

2

N3
2

+

(1720) N 5
2

+

2

N5
2
N3
2

N5
2

−

4

+
∆5
2

−

(1675)(1700)(1680)

N7
2

−

N9
2

+
∆7
2

N9
2

43

−

−

(2190) N 92(1930) ∆ 7
2

+

N9
2

5
5

N7
2

N7
2

−

N7
2

−

∆5
2

3

4

−

+
+
+
+
∆1
(1910) ∆ 3(1920) ∆ 5(1905) ∆ 7(1950)
2
2
2
2

3
3

(1520)(1700) N 5
2

1

+

−

−

(2250)

−

∆ 11
2

N 11
2
N 11
2

−

(2220)+∆92

Novel Tests of QCD
KEK Duality, Frascati, 6-8 June 2005at J-PARC
Quark-Hadron

11-30-05

(939)

+
∆3
(1232)
2

0

1

+

−

+

(2420)−(2600) N 13
2−

Page 19
Stan Brodsky, SLACf 4 (2050)
a4 (2040)

42(GeV )(a)a0 (1450)
a2 (1320)
f1 (1285)2ω (782)
ρ (770)(b)ρ (1700)ρ3 (1690)

π2 (1670)
b1 (1235)

ω3 (1670)
ω (1650)π (140)f 2 (1270)
a1 (1260)01-2005
8694A10

0

2
L

4

0

2
L

4

Fig: Light meson orbital spectrum: 4-dim states dual to vector fields in the bulk, ΛQCD = 0.26 GeV

Novel Tests of QCD
KEK
at J-PARC
11-30-05
Quark-Hadron
Duality, Frascati, 6-8 June 2005
44

Guy de Teramond
SJB

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Page 16

Test of Quark Counting Rules
γd→ np• Remarkable
γd → np• Deuteron
F (t/s)Photo-Disintegration γd → npdσ−2dt = sntot
dσ = F (t/s)
ntot −2dt•sntot = 1n+ 6=+
3 + 3 = 13
1 + 6 + 3 + 3 = 13•

tot

Scaling characteristic ofscale-invariant theory at short distances
Conformal symmetry
dσ
dσ
++
−
Hidden color:(γd → ∆
∆ )#(γd → pn)dt
dt
at high pT

KEK11-30-05

M =! "Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

Stan Brodsky, SLACdx dy φ45(x, Q̃)×T (x , y , Q̃)φ (y , Q̃)Deuteron Photodisintegration & Dimensional Counting Rules

PQCD and AdS/CFT:
sntot −2 dσdt (A + B → C + D) =FA+B→C+D(θCM )s11 dσdt (γd → np) = F(θCM )ntot − 2 =(1 + 6 + 3+ 3 ) - 2 = 11KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

46

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

P.Rossi et al, P.R.L. 94, 012301 (2005)

Fit of dσ/dt data forthe central angles andPT≥1.1 GeV/c with
A s-11
For all but two of the fits
χ2≤ 1.34•Better χ2 at 55o and 75o if different data
sets are renormalized to each other•No data at PT≥1.1 GeV/c at forward andbackward angles•Clear s-11 behaviour for last 3 points at 35o

Data consistent with CCRNovel Tests of QCD
KEK

11-30-05

at J-PARC

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Test QCD scaling in hard
amplitudes
Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC
amplitudes
Manifestations of Hidden Col
Test QCD scaling
Test
QCD
scalinginhard
exclusive
nuclearManifestationsofHiddenC
Test
QCD
scalinginhard
exclusive
nuclear
amplitudesColo
Wavefunction
ManifestationsofHiddenamplitudes
amplitudes
Wavefunction

Wavefunction+
pp → dπ+pp → dπManifestations of H
Test QCD scalinginhardexclusive
nuclearManifestations
Manifestations ofof Hidden
Hidden Color
Color inin Deuteron
Deuteron
Wavefunction+
amplitudes Wavefunction
Test QCD scalin
pp → dπWavefunction
pp → Λc(cud)D0(cu)p
amplitudes
pp → dπ +ManifestationsofHiddenColorinDeuteron
+
pp
pp →
→ dπ
dπ +
p pd
Wavefunction
pd →Manifestations o
pdWavefunction
→ pd
σ(pp
→
cX)
pd
→
pd
pd → pd
pp → dπ +pp → Λc(cud)D0(cu)p

pd → pd
pd → pd
pd → pd
Conformal Scaling, AdS/CFTdσ (pp → dπ + ) = F (θcm )
dt
s12

KEK

11-30-05

Conformal
Total openScaling,charm crossAdS/CF
sectionat+

pp → dπpσ(pp → cX) " 1µb F (θ )dσ (ppcm+ ) =pd → pd
σ(pp
→dπ
cX)
→
12
dt
s
needed to explain Krisch AN N
Total open charm cross section at
Novel Tests of QCD
Compare with strangeness channe
at J-PARC σ(pp → cX) "Stan1µbBrodsky, SLAC48+

Hidden Color in QCD

Lepage, Ji, sjb• Deuteron six quark wavefunction:• 5 color-singlet combinations of 6 color-triplets -one state is |n p>• Components evolve towards equality at shortdistances• Hidden color states dominate deuteron form
factor and photodisintegration at highmomentum transfer• Predict

dσ
dσ
++ −
2
(γd
→
Δ
Δ
)
#
(γd
→
pn)
at
high
Q
dt
dt

Ratio = 2/5 for asymptotic wf
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

49

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Structure of
Deuteron in
QCD

Hidden Color
Fock State
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

50

Delta-Delta
Fock State
Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

51

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Hidden Color of Deuteron
Deuteron six-quark state has ﬁve color - singlet conﬁgurations,only one of which is n-p.
Asymptotic Solution has Expansion

Look for strong transition to Delta-Delta

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

52

Stan Brodsky, SLACQCD Prediction for Deuteron Form
Factor

Deﬁne “Reduced” Form Factor

Same large momentum transfer
behavior as pion form factor

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

53

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

(1–q2/m02) FD(q2)/F2N(q2/4)

0.5

Deuteron Reduced Form Factor

0.4! Pion Form Factor × 15%

0.3
0.2
0.1
0

10-2004
2763A18

0

1

2

3

4
–q2 (GeV2)

5

6

7

• 15% Hidden Color in the Deuteron
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

54

Stan Brodsky, SLACKeyQCD
QCD
Experimentat J-PARC
Test
scalingin hard exclusive
nuclear
amplitudes
CompareManifestations of Hidden Color in Deuteron− Wavefunction
QCD scaling in hard exclusive nucle
dp → QCD∆++∆+ p in hard exclusiveTest
CompareTest
scaling
nuclearCompareamplitudes
amplitudes++−
dp → p n + pdp
dπ +
→
∆
∆
Compare
dp pp
→→
∆++
∆− +
+ pp
Manifestationsof Hidden
Color in2:5
DeuterCompareRatio
predicted
toapproach
Manifestations of Hidden Color in DeuteronCompareWavefunction++−
at high t. dp→
pp n+
pp → ∆
∆ +p
dp pd
→→
npd
+dp
Wavefunction
Compare++−dp → ∆∆ +pCompare++ ∆− + p
dp → ∆Compare0+
Use deuteron
beam
pp
→
(cu)p
ppΛ→
dπ
c (cud)D
at
high
t.
dp
→
p
n
+
p
at
high
t.
+
++ ∆− + p
pp → dπdp→∆
dp → p n + p
dp → ∆++∆− + p++ ∆− +
dp
→
∆
dp
→
p
n
+
p
p
↑ ↑
vs.→ pd
Use
beam
at hight.
pd
Use deuteron
deuteronbeam
0 (cu)pdp →p n + ppp → Λc(cudpd
pd t.
pp0p→nΛ+c (cud)D
at →
high
0
dp
→
p
pp → Λc(cud)D (cu)pppσ(pp→ Λ→(cu)pc (cud)DcX)
at highdpt. → p n + p• Measure Elastic
Proton-Proton
Scattering↑↑ ↑↑Use deuteron beam p
at high t. p
Use deuteronbeampp Total open
at hight. cross sectionatathighcharm
thresholdt.
Use deuteron beam•• Measure
Proton-Proton
Scattering↑σ(pp→ cX)Use deuteron
σ(pp
→ cX)
Measure ↑Elastic
Elastic
Proton-Proton
Scattering
beam
σ(pp
σ(pp→→cX)
cX)
1µb↑ ↑ σ(pp → cX)
Use"deuteronbeam Use deuteron b
↑ ↑
Total
open
charm
cross
Total
section
open
at
Novel
Tests
of
QCD
•
MeasureElastic
Proton-Proton
Scattering
Total
open
charm
cross
section
Total
open
at
threshold
charm
cross
sectionat
threshold
KEK
neededto explain Krisch↑ Stan↑AN Brodsky,
atScattering
J-PARCN
SLAC• Measure
Elastic
Proton-Proton↑ ↑11-30-05
55• Measure
ElasticProσ(pp → cX) "1µb ↑ ↑ σ(pp
→ cX)

Key
QCD Experiment at J-PARCp

E= 50 GeVp
Elablab= 50 GeVCounting Rules, AdS/CFT, Hidden ColorCounting Rules, AdS/CFT, Hidden Colordσ (dA → pX) ∼ (1 − x )5 .
F5
dσ
dx(dA
F
→
pX)
∼
(1
−
x
) .
F
dxF
dσ (dA → ∆++ X) ∼ (1 − x )5 .
dσ++ X) ∼ (1 − x F
5.
dx(dA
F
→
∆
)
F
dxF
+
xF = +
p+
/p
→1
+
H
d
xF = pH /pd → 1

Hadron H has all of the deuteron light-cone
Hadron H has +all of the deuteron light-cone
momentum +p = E + zpz
momentum p = E + p
Hidden Color: Predicts ∆++ : p ratio = 2/5.
d(x) − u(x) asymmetry

KEK

11-30-05 pp↑ → πX

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

56

Stan Brodsky, SLACThe remarkable anomalies ofproton-proton scattering• Double spin correlations• Single spin correlations• Color transparency

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

57

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Spin Correlations in Elastic p − p Scattering pp →pp → Λc(cud)D0(cu)p
RN N
May
4, 2005
May
4, 2005
p
↑p ↑
pT
σ(pp
σ(pp → cX)• Measure Elastic
Proton-Pr
Collisions Between Spinning Protons(A.0 D.
Kris
pp → Λ
pp→Λ(cud)D(cu)pc
Tota
Spin Correlations in Elastic p − p Scattering
Total
open
charm
cross
sect
Spin Correlations
in Elasticp − p Scattering
Scientific
American,
255,
42-50
(August,dσ (pp → pp)1987).
at large pTp.
RN N
dt
p
↑ ↑
σ(pp
Ideas
for CarlFest
R
for
CarlFeσ(pp →Ideas
cX)
" 1µb
N
N
p
T

σ(pp →
σ(pp
→
cX)
Test
PQCD
AdS/CFT
confo
ppolarization
normaltoscattering
plane
need
T
MeasureElastic Proton-Pr
Collisions Between Spinning Protons (A.•neededD.
Krisch)to explain
Krisch AN
twist = dimension - spin=
Total
Collisions
BetweenSpinning
Protons(A.
D.
Krisch)Total open charm
cross
sect
Scientific American, 255, 42-50 (August, 1987).
May
4,
2005
Com
dσ
Comparewithstrangeness
c
(pp
→
pp)
at
large
p
.
F
(t/s)
T
Scientific
American,
255,
42-50
(August,1987).
dt (s, t) reachesANσ(pp →
4, !2005
M
Ratio
4:1
4May
σ(pp
→∼
cX)s"
1µb
pp → Λ(sud)K +(su)p pp →plab
Spin Correlations
in Elasticp − pAdS/CFTScattering neede
Test
PQCD
confo
√
2
neededtoexplain
KrischAN|F(t/s)|dσ (pp → pp) ∼
RN N
s
twist
= dimensiondt
s10- spin =pTSpin Correlations in Elastic p − p Scattering Comp
Comparewith strangeness
Collisions Between
Spinning Protons(A. D. Krisch)c
F (t/s)RN N Scientific American,M
255,1987).
(s,42-50t) ∼ (August,
pp → Λ
s4 +pT
pp → Λ(sud)K (su)pKEK11-30-05

Collisions Between Spinning
Protons|F(A.
D.
2 Krisch(t/s)|dσ (pp →Novel Tests of QCD
pp) ∼
dt
s10
Scientific American,
255,
42-50
(August,1987).
at J-PARC
Stan Brodsky, SLAC58

“Exclusive
Transversity”

Spin-dependence at large-PT (90°cm):

Hard scattering takes place
only with spins ↑↑Coincidence?: Quenching of Color Transparency

Coincidence?: Charm and Strangeness Thresholds

J-PARC
Study in proton-proton elastic
scattering
at strangeness and charm
thresholds

KEK

11-30-05

A. Krisch, Sci. Am. 257 (1987)“The results challenge the prevailing theory that
describes the proton’s structure and forces”

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Strangeness CharmpΔ

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

60

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Scientific American, 255, 4dσ!↑ANdt (pp → pp) at θCM = π/2
plab
√
s

(1 − x)3 at large x
dual tot2F1(t) = const at large t

PQCD prediction:Ideas for CarlFest
2 Q2
2
2
Λ
ln
F2 (Q )QCD→
F1 (Q2 )Q2KEK

11-30-05

May 4, 2005

Spin Correlations in ElasR
Contribution
fromp −nonzero
Spin Correlations in Elastic
p Scattering N N
pTRNNorbital angular momentum Lz = ±1
pT
Collisions Between Spinn
Collisions Between Spinning Protons (A. D. Krisch)
Scientific American, 255, 42Scientific
American,
255,
42-50
(August,1987).
Ji, Ma,Yuan
AN
plab
√
Novel Tests of QCD
s Stan Brodsky, SLAC
at J-PARC
61

What causes the Krisch Effect?

Largest spin-spin correlation in hadron physics!

Two Models:An outstanding problem confronting QCD

Carlson, Lipkin, SJB:de Teramond, SJB:

Peaks in RN N associated withp∆, strangeness, charm thresholds

Complete analysis of spin correlations
Interference of QIM andLandshoff “Pinch” (triple scattering)
contributions

Predict significant strangeness production
σ(pp → sX) ∼ 1 mb just above threshold
Predict significant charm production
σ(pp → cX) ∼ 1 µb just above threshold

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

62

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

p

p

u
u
d

u
u
d

p

c

c

c–

c–
p
5-2005
8717A3

QCD
Schwinger - Sommerfeld
Enhancement
Hebecker, Kuhn, sjb

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

63

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

S. J. Brodsky and G. F. de Teramond, “SpinCorrelations, QCD Color Transparency And
Heavy Quark Thresholds In Proton Proton
Scattering,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1924 (1988).
Quark Interchange + 8-Quark Resonance

Quark Interchange + 8-Quark Resonance|uuduudcc̄ > Strange and Charm Octoquark!
M =and3 GeV,
M = 5 Octoquark!
GeV.
|uuduudcc̄ > Strange
Charm
J = L = S = 1, B = 2

M = 3 GeV, M = 5 GeV.
J = L = S = 1, B = 2

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

64

Stan Brodsky, SLAC• New QCD physics in proton-proton elastic
scattering at the charm threshold• Anomalously large charm production atthreshold!!?

• Octoquark resonances?
• Color Transparency disappears at charm
threshold• Key physics at J-PARC
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

65

Stan Brodsky, SLACpp Λ→(cud)D
Λc0(cud)D(cu)p
0 (cu)p
pp →ppΛ→(cu)pc
c (cud)DKey QCD Experiment at J-PARC→ cX)
σ(ppσ(pp
→σ(pp
cX)
→ cX)
pp → Λc(cud)D0(cu)p
pp → p + J/ψ +
p
Total
open
charm
cross
section
Total
open
charm
cross
sectionat threshold
pp →
Total
open
charm
cross
sectionpp → p + ηc + pσ(pp → cX)
p
σ(pp →σ(pp
cX) →
" 1µb
cX)
"
1µb
pp
σ(pp → cX) " 1µb
0 (cu)p→ Λ
pp → Λc(cud)D
pp → p + J/ψ + p
0ppcharm→ Λc(cud)D
Total
open
cross
s
pp → p + J/ψ + pσ(ppneededneeded
to explain
Krisch Krisch
AN N A0 (cu)ppto
explainNNpp→Λ(cud)Dpcneededtoexplain
KrischANN
pp → p + ηc + pσ(pp →
1µb 0atthpp cX)→Dynamics
Λc"(cud)D(cu)
Tota
pp → p + ηc + pσ(pp →
Compare with strangeness channels
p σ(pp → cX)
pp →p + J/ψ0(cu)p+pneededto√explain Krischpp pp→→
Λc(cud)Dpσ(pps ∼ 5 GeV,pl0 (cu)ppp→Λ(cud)D
Total
c
σ(pp
→ cX)
Total
open charmcross
pp → Λ(sud)K +(su)pp0
with
strangene
ppCompare→ Λσ(pp(cu)p
c (cud)D
pp → p +atηcthreshold+p→ cX)
Dynamics
need
Octoquark:
|uu
σ(pp
→
Dynamics atTotal
threshold
charm
cross
se
σ(ppopen
→ cX)
"+1µb
σ(pp
→
Λ(sud)K→ p + J/ψ + p
pp →openp + (su)pJ/ψ+pp pp → Total√ pp → Λ (cud)D00pp
charm
c
Com
pp → Λc(cud)D
spp
∼→
5Λ
GeV,
plab (cu)p∼(cu)p12 GeVcc(cud)D
neede
√
σ(pp
→ cX)
→
cX)
"explain
1µb
toKrischs ∼ 5 GeV,σ(pppneeded
∼
12
GeV
Total
lab
pp
→
Λ
c (cudσ(pp →σ(pp
cX)
→
cX)
"
1µb
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11-30-05
67

Color Transparency Ratio

J. L. S. Aclander et al.,“Nuclear transparency in θCM = 900
quasielastic A(p, 2p) reactions,”
Phys. Rev. C 70, 015208 (2004), [arXiv:nuclex/0405025].
Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

KEK
S. J.11-30-05
Brodsky and G. F. de Teramond,
68 “Spin

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

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J. Aclander,
J. Alster,
G. Asryan, * Y. Averiche,
D. S. Barton, V. Baturin,
N. Buktoyarova,
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momentum.
(b)(bottomframe)
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nuclearA. S. Carroll, N. Christensen, H. Courant, S. Durrant, G. Fang, K. Gabriel, S. Gushue, K. J. Heller, S. Heppelmann,wou
I. Kosonovsky, A. Leksanov, Y. I. Makdisi, A. Malki, I. Mardor, Y. Mardor, M. L. Marshak, D. Martel,parency E.TMinina,asafunctionoftheincident
beam
momentum.
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pp E. Minor, I. Navon, H. Nicholson, A. Ogawa, Y. Panebratsev, E. Piasetzky, T. Roser, J. J. Russell,
A. Schetkovsky, S. Shimanskiy, M. A. Shupe, S. Sutton, M. Tanaka, A. Tang, I. Tsetkov, J. Watson, C. White,near
events in these plots are selected
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11-30-05
PHYSICAL REVIEW C 70, 015208 (2004)
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University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
4
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6
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0.6
0.5
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KEK

11-30-05

5

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Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

70

18

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Eva
Experiment
BNL

Bunce, Carroll,Heppelman...

Rapid Angular Variation!
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

71

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC May 4, 2005
S. Brodsky

Test Color Transparency
dσ
dσ
(pA
→
pp(A
−
1))
→
Z
×
dt
dt (pp → pp)

Spin Correlations in Elastic p − p Scattering
No absorption of small color dipole
at high pR
T NN
pT
Key test of local gauge theory
Collisions Between Spinning Protons (A. D. Kris
No Scientificabsorption
ofAmerican,
small
color
dipoleDffractively
ExciteTri-jet
Structure
255,of 42-50 (August, 1987).
at high Light-Front
pT
ProtonWavefunctionANKeyof jetlocal
pp→ testjet p
jet+ pgauge theorylab√ Glauber Theory: σA ∼ Z 1/3σp
Traditionals Excite Tri-jet Structure ofDffractively
M= 10 GeV
Proton Light-Front Wavefunction
2
100GeV∆pl = 80GeV = 1.2 GeV Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC
pp 11-30-05→KEK
jet jet jet + p
72

A.H. Mueller, SJB

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Use Diﬀraction to Resolve
Hadron Substructure• Measure Light-Front Wavefunctions• Test AdS/CFT predictions• Novel Aspects of Hadron Wavefunctions:Intrinsic Charm, Hidden Color, Color
Transparency/Opaqueness• Diﬀractive Di-Jet and Tri-Jet Production• Nuclear Shadowing and Antishadowing• New Mechanism for Higgs Production
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

73

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Diﬀractive Dissociation ofPion

E791 Ashery et al.

Test of QCD Color Transparency
Measure Light-Front Wavefunction of Pion
Two-gluon Exchange
Minimal momentum transfer to nucleus
Nucleus left Intact
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

74

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Fluctuation of a Pion to a
Compact Color Dipole State

Color-Transparent Fock State For High Transverse
Momentum Di-Jets

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

75

Same Fock State
Determines Weak
Decay
Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Fluctuation of a Pion to a
Compact Color Dipole State
Small Size Pion Can
Interact Coherently on
Each Nucleon of
NucleusDiﬀractive Dijet Cross Section Color Transparent
M(πA → JetJetA") = A1M(πN → JetJetN ")FA(t)dσ/dt(πA → JetJetA") =A2dσ/dt(πN → JetJetN ")|FA(t)|2A2σ ∝ R2 ∼ A4/3
A

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

76

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

E791 Collaboration, E. Aitala et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4773 (2001)

A-Dependence results:

KEK

11-30-05

kt range (GeV/c)

σ ∝ AαNovel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC
α 77

Stan Brodsky, SLAC
α (CT)Ashery E791:
Measure pion LFWF in diﬀractive dijet production
Conﬁrms color transparency !
Mueller, sjb; Bertsch et al; Frankfurt, Miller, Strikman
A-Dependence results:σ ∝ Aαkt range (GeV/c)αα (CT)

1.25 < kt < 1.5

1.64 +0.06 -0.12

1.25

1.5 < kt < 2.0

1.52 ± 0.12

1.45

2.0 < kt < 2.5

1.55 ± 0.16

1.60

α (Incoh.) = 0.70 ± 0.1

Conventional Glauber
Theory Ruled Out !
KEK

11-30-05

Factor of 7
Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

78

FermiLab E791
Ashery et al
Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Diﬀractive Dissociation of a
Pion
into
Dijets
THE q q̄ MOMENTUM WAVE FUNCTION

D. Ashery, Tel"

πA → JetJetA

MEASURED BY DI-JETS

Fermilab E791 Collaboration, PRL
π 86, 4768 (2001)

ψqq̄(x,!k⊥)• E789 Fermilab Experiment
Ashery et al• 500 GeV pions collide on
nuclei keeping it intact• Measure momentum of two
jets• Study momentum distributions

xof pion LF wavefunction
22
1.5GeV/c ≤ kt ≤ 2.5GeV/c; QNovel∼ 16(GeV/c):Tests of QCD

KEK

11-30-05

at J-PARC

279

φ2 > 0.9φ2Asy
Stan Brodsky, SLAC

2

Diﬀractive Dissociation ofPion into Di-Jets• E791 Experiment Veriﬁes
Color Transparency

M ∝ A, σ ∝ A2

• Pion Interacts coherently
on each nucleon of
nucleus!

ψ(x, k⊥) ∝ x(1 − x)

• Pion Distribution similar•

KEK

to Asymptotic Form
Also: AdS/CFT
Scaling in transverse
momentum consistent
with PQCD

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

80

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

THE kt DEPENDENCE OF DI-JETS YIELD
"
#2
!
!2
1
!
!
2
!
!
!
!
Coulomb: ψ(p)(Pauli)dσ =!!
2∂!
!
2 2 /p2 2 ! !!
1+p
!
∝
ψ(u,
k
)
!αs (kt )G(x,akt )! !
t
!
2
2
!
!
dkt
∂kt

1/2

With ψ ∼ kφ2 , weak φ(kt2) and αs(kt2) dependences and G(x, kt2) ∼ kt
t

:

dσ
dkt

∼ kt−6For low kt:
2

Gaussian: ψ ∼ e−βkt (Jakob and Kroll)
Coulomb: ψ(p) ="1
1+p2 /p2a#2(Pauli)High Transverse
momentum dependence
consistent with PQCD/
AdS/CFT

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

81

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC

Dffractively
Excite Tri-jet
Structure
Dffractively
Excite Tri-jet
Structureofof
Dffractively
Excite Tri-jet
Structure ofProtonLight-Front
Wavefunction
Proton Light-Front
Wavefunction
Proton Light-Front Wavefunction
Dffractively Excite Tri-jet Structure ofProton Light-Front Wavefunction
pp → jet jet jet + p
pp → jet jet jet + p

pp → jet jetppjet+p→ jet jet jet + p
MM==1010GeVGeV

M = 10 GeV
22
M = 10 GeV
100GeV
100GeV= 1.2
1.2 GeV∆p∆p
GeV
l = 80GeV =
l=
80GeV

2
100GeV∆pl = 80GeV = 1.2 GeV

2100GeV∆pl = 80GeV = 1.2 GeV

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

82

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

pT
Collisions Between Spinning Protons (A. D. Krisch)
Scientific American, 255, 42-50 (August, 1987).

RN

Traditional Glauber Theory: σA ∼ Z 1/3

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

83

Spin Correlation
RN N
pT
Collisions Betwe
Stan Brodsky,
SLAC
Scientific
American,Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC

Measure single-spin asymmetry AN
in Drell-Yan reactions

Measure single-spin asymmetry AN
Measure single-spin
asymmetryAN
Leading-twist
Bjorken-scalingAN
in Drell-Yan reactions
inDrell-Yanreactionsfrom S, P -wave
Measure single-spin
asymmetry AN
initial-state
gluonic interactions
Leading-twist
Bjorken-scalingAN!
Sin· q!Drell-Yan
×p! correlation
reactionsfrom S, P -wave! · q! × p
S! correlation
initial-state
gluonic interactions
+
−
!↑· →
pp
X
S
q! ×" p! "correlation
Predict: AN (DY ) = −AN (DIS)! · q! × p
S! correlation
2
Opposite
Qpp =→x "+xin"s−sign!
X
↑

1 2

−X
AN
(DY
−A
in sign!
N (DIS): Oppositepp→ "+)"=
2
2
2
↑
2
QQ =
=4xGeV1 x2 s , s = 80 GeV

pp↑ → "+"−X2
2 =4.05,
xQ
xF2,=
x180
− xGeV
GeV
s=
1 x2=
2
x1x2 = .05, xF = x1 − x2

KEK

11-30-05

Measure single-spinin Drell-Yan reaction! · q! × p
S! correlation

Measure single-spin
asymm
+
−
pp↑ → " "reactions
X
in Drell-Yan!QS· q!2 ×=p!x
correlation
1 x2 s+ "− Xpp→"↑
Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

84

2 , s = 80
Q2 = 4StanGeVBrodsky, SLACSingle-spin asymmetries

Sivers Eﬀecte–e–current
quark jet!*

!S p ·!q ×!pqquark

final stateinteraction

S

spectator
systemprotonKEK

11-30-05

11-2001
8624A06

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

85

Hwang, Schmidt.
sjb

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Final State Interactions Produce
T-Odd (Sivers Eﬀect)• Bjorken Scaling!
• Arises from Interference of Final-State Coulomb
Phases in S and P waves• Relate to the quark contribution to the target
proton anomalous magnetic moment• Sum of Sivers Functions for all quarks and gluons
vanishes. (Zero gravitoanomalous magnetic!S ·!p jet ×!q
moment)KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

86

Hwang, Schmidt. sjb;
Burkardt

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Hwang, Schmidt.
sjb

Model Calculation producing a target single-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive leptoproduction
Quarks Reinteract in the Final State
Interference of Coulomb Phases for S and P states
Produce Single Spin Asymmetry [Siver’s Effect]!S ·!p jet ×!q
Proportional to the Proton Anomalous Moment and αs.

KEK11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

87

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

(a)

0.5
0.4

Prediction
for SingleSpin
Asymmetry

" 0.3
Asin
UT

0.2
1.0

0.1
10

0.8
0.6

8
6

0.4
4

r

!=xBj

0.2

2
0

0

(b)
0.10
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Asin
UL

0.06
0.02
10
8

11-2002
8658A1KEK

11-30-05

6
rr

4

2
0 0

0.8
0.6
0.4 !=xBj
0.2

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

88

1.0

Hwang, Schmidt.
sjb

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

2$ !sin(
2 !sin(" - "S)#

-0.2
0.05
UT

0
0.15
-0.05
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05 0

0
-0.05
-0.05
0.1

VM fraction
fraction

0.05
0.15
0
0.1
0.05
-0.05
Gamberg:
Hermesdata compatible
0.15
with BHS
0.1
model
KEK

11-30-050.05

Thth
Sivers asymmetry from HERMES
Fi
ra
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vir
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duat J-PARC
Stan Brodsky, SLAC89
Th

9. Hermes coll., A. Airapetian et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 012002.
10. Hermes coll., K. Ackerstaff et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A417 (1998) 230.
11. Hermes coll., A. Airapetian et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A540 (2005) 68.
12. R. Seidl, DESY-THESIS-2004-029 (2004).
+ coll., A. Airapetian et al., Phys. Rev. D71 (2005) 012003.
13. Hermes
14. X. Artru, AIP Conf. Proc. 223 (1991) 176.

Hard Diﬀraction from
Rescattering
Uniﬁcation:• Diﬀractive Deep Inelastic Scattering (DDIS)• Nuclear Shadowing & Antishadowing• Single Spin Asymmetries (Sivers Eﬀect)• Fundamental Features of Gauge Theory, Color

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

90

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC

Measure single-spin asymmetry AN
in Drell-Yan reactions

Measure single-spin asymmetry AN
Measure single-spin
asymmetryAN
Leading-twist
Bjorken-scalingAN
in Drell-Yan reactions
inDrell-Yanreactionsfrom S, P -wave
Measure single-spin
asymmetry AN
initial-state
gluonic interactions
Leading-twist
Bjorken-scalingAN!
Sin· q!Drell-Yan
×p! correlation
reactionsfrom S, P -wave! · q! × p
S! correlation
initial-state
gluonic interactions
+
−
!↑· →
pp
X
S
q! ×" p! "correlation
Predict: AN (DY ) = −AN (DIS)! · q! × p
S! correlation
2
Opposite
Qpp =→x "+xin"s−sign!
X
↑

1 2

−X
AN
(DY
−A
in sign!
N (DIS): Oppositepp→ "+)"=
2
2
2
↑
2
QQ =
=4xGeV1 x2 s , s = 80 GeV

pp↑ → "+"−X2
2 =4.05,
xQ
xF2,=
x180
− xGeV
GeV
s=
1 x2=
2
x1x2 = .05, xF = x1 − x2

KEK

11-30-05

Measure single-spinin Drell-Yan reaction! · q! × p
S! correlation

Measure single-spin
asymm
+
−
pp↑ → " "reactions
X
in Drell-Yan!QS· q!2 ×=p!x
correlation
1 x2 s+ "− Xpp→"↑
Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

91

2 , s = 80
Q2 = 4StanGeVBrodsky, SLACKEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

92

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key Experiment at J-PARC

Transversity in Drell-Yan Processes
Polarized Proton Beam → Polarized Proton Target(both transversely polarized)
l+
Q

p

lQ
T

Q
L

Q 2=
M2

p
F. Rathsman

M invariant Massof lepton pairSingle-Spin Asymmetry in High Transverse Momentum
Processes
d(x) − u(x) asymmetrypp↑ → πX
Double-Diffractive Drell-Yan
pp → p + "+"− + p
Prototype for exclusive Higgs production
QCD at the Amplitude Level
and New Perspectives from AdS/CFT

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

94

Stan Brodsky, SLACKEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

95

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC
Nuclear Tests using Drell-Yan• DY on deuteron target or beam:
Tag proton to produce neutron target.

• Intrinsic sea quarks

d(x) − u(x) asymmetry

Double-Diffractive Drell-Yan• Polarized deuteron target•+ !− + ppp→p+!
DY with Heavy Nuclei: Antishadowing• Diﬀractive Drell-Yan Prototype for exclusive Higgs production
KEK

11-30-05

QCD at the Amplitude Level
Perspectives from AdS/CFT
Noveland
Tests New
of QCDat J-PARC
Stan Brodsky, SLAC
96

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC
cos 2φ correlation in DY from double ISIpElab = 50 GeVCounting Rules, AdS/CFT

Boer, Hwang, sjb

dσ (dA → pX) ∼ (1 − x )5 .
FdxFdσ (dA → ∆++ X) ∼ (1 − x )5 .
F
dxF+
xF = p+/p
H d →1KEK

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Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

97

Stan Brodsky, SLACKEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

98

Stan Brodsky, SLACKEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

99

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Final State Interaction
Produces Diﬀractive DIS
Quark Rescattering

Hoyer, Marchal, Peigne, Sannino, SJB (BHMP
Enberg, Hoyer, Ingelman, SJB
Hwang, Schmidt, SJB

p

KEK11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

100

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC
Double-Diffractive Drell-Yan
Double-Diffractive Drell-Yan−+p
pp → p ++!+!
pp → p + ! !− + p

Prototype for exclusive Higgs production
Prototypefor exclusive
Higgs
production
Large-Mass Timelike
Muon Pairs
in Hadronic
Interactions
S. M. Berman*, D. J. Levy, and T. L. Neff§

QCD at the Amplitude Level
QCD at the Amplitude Level
andLett.
New
from AdS/CFT
Phys.
Rev.
23,Perspectives
1363–1365 (1969)
and
New Perspectives
from AdS/CFT
ΛQCD = 0.184 GeV for the pion
ΛQCD = 0.184 GeV for the pion
Double-Diffractive Drell-Yan . PFPΛQCD = 0.157 GeV
ΛQCD= 0.157 GeV q+−
pp → p + ! ! + pt

1464AlPrototype for exclusive
Higgs production
Fig. 1KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
QCD at the Amplitude
at J-PARC Level

Stan Brodsky, SLAC
101
and New Perspectives
from AdS/CFT

Key
QCD
Experiment
Measure diffractive
hiddencharm
productionat J-PARC
at forward xF
Measure diffractive hidden charm productiondσ (pp → p + J/ψ + X)
dtdx
at forward
xF
Measurediffractive
hidden charm production
F
at forward xF
Measurediffractive hidden charm production
dσ
dσ
(pp
+ J/ψ
+ p) charm production(pp→
p→+pJ/ψ
+X)
Measurediffractive
hiddendt
dtF2 dxF
dtdx
1at
forward xF
dσ forward
atxF J/ψ + X)
dtdxF (pp → p +diffractive
hidden charm production
22dσ
MMeasure"
10
GeV(pp→→p +
p+
J/ψ
+
p)
dσdx(pp
dt1at
dt
J/ψ
+
X)
2
F
dσ
forwardx
dtdx
F J/ψ + X)F→→p+dσ (ppdtdx(ppp+ J/ψ + p)
dt1 dt2FdxF
2 2sM=2sim1080 GeVGeV
dσdσ(pp → p + J/ψ + X)
(pp → p + J/ψ + p)
dσ
dtdx
dt
dt
dx
F
1
2
F
(pp
→ p + J/ψ+ p)
Anomalous
nucleardependence
dt1 dt2 dxF
xs1=
x280
= .20,
x2F = x1 − x2GeVdσ (pA → J/ψ
Anomalous
nucleardependence
+FX)
2
2
α(x
)
α(x
)
(X)
2
dx
GeV
AM Fsim10
versusAx1xα(xx2 =2 ).20, xF = x
1−
α(x
F) 2
A
versusAdσ(pp22→ p + J/ψ + p)
s 2dt
="
80
GeV
M
10
GeV
1 dt
2 dx
F

Important Tests of Intrinsic Charm2 " 10 GeV2
M
x1Anomalous
x2 = .20, xFnuclear= x1 −dependencex2
Novel Tests of QCD
KEK
at J-PARC
11-30-05
α(x
)
α(x
)
A 2 versus A F
102Stan Brodsky, SLAC

|p, Sz >= ∑ Ψn(xi,!k⊥i, λi)|n;!k⊥i, λi >n=3The Light Front Fock State Wavefunctions
Ψn(xi,!k⊥i, λi)are boost invariant; they are independent of the hadron’s energy
and momentum Pµ.
The light-cone momentum fractionki+
ki0 + kizxi = + = 0p
P + Pzare boost invariant.
n

∑
i

KEK

11-30-05

ki+ = P+,

n

n

i

i

∑ xi = 1, ∑!ki⊥ = !0⊥.

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

103

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Hadrons Fluctuate in Particle
Number• Proton Fock States|uud >, |uudg >, |uudss̄ >, |uudcc̄ >, |uudbb̄ > · · ·• Strange and Anti-Strange Quarks not Symmetrics(x) != s̄(x)• “Intrinsic Charm”: High momentum heavy quarks• “Hidden Color”: Deuteron not always p + n• Orbital Angular Momentum Fluctuations Anomalous Magnetic Moment
KEK

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Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

104

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

|uudcc̄ > Fluctuation in Proton∼Λ2QCD
QCD: Probability M2
Q

OPE derivation - M.Polyakov et al.

cc̄ in Color Octet

High x charm

Distribution peaks at equal rapidity (velocity)
Therefore heavy particles carry the largest momentum fractions

In
contrast:
KEK

11-30-05|e+e−!+!− > Fluctuation in Positronium∼(meα)4
QED: Probability M4!

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

105

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Measure c(x) in Deep Inelastic
Lepton-Proton Scatteringc

Hoyer, Peterson, SJB
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

106

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Measurementof Charm
Structure
Function
Evidencefor Intrinsic
Charm

KEK

11-30-05

J. J. Aubert et al. [European Muon Collaboration], “Production Of Charmed
Particles
250-Gev Mu+ - Iron InNovel
Tests ofIn
QCD
teractions,” Nucl. Phys.atBJ-PARC
213, 31 (1983).
Stan Brodsky, SLAC
107

EMC Measurements of the Charm Structure Function

Photon Gluon Fusion Factor 30 too small !
J. J. Aubert et al. [European Muon Collaboration], “Production Of Charmed Particles In 250-Gev Mu+ - Iron Interactions,” Nucl. Phys. B 213, 31 (1983).

1% IC

Analysis by
E. Hoffmann and R. Moore, Z. Phys. C 20, 71 (1983).

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

108

Stan Brodsky, SLAC• EMC data: c(x, Q2) > 30 × DGLAP
Q2 = 75 GeV2, x = 0.42
• High xF pp → J/ψX

NA3

• High xF pp → J/ψJ/ψX

NA3• High xF pp → ΛcX

ISR• High xF pp → ΛbX

ISR• High xF pp → Ξ(ccd)X (SELEX)

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

109

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC

Diﬀractive Dissociation of Intrinsic Charm

Coalescence of Comoving Charm and Valence Quarks
Produce J/ψ, Λc and other Charm Hadrons at High xF
KEK11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

110

Stan Brodsky, SLACp p → pΛcX
Diffractive Dissociation of Intrinsic Charm

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

111

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Invar]ant Mass (A~+~+~ -)OeVFig. 2. (a) Invariant mass of Asn+n+n - system with 0.5<Xr<0.9 and p,< 1.1 GeV/c (15 MeV bins); the curve is the sum of a thirdorder polynomial and a gaussian resolution function with a = 14 MeV. Note the suppressed zero on the vertical scale; (b) same as (a),but with additional selections on the decay angles of Ac and A~, (,~s .ti) <0 and (/~',,~) <0, as discussed in the text.

Production of Charm
Hadrons at the ISRu s e d in ref. [1 ], this latter v a l u e is i n t e r e s t i n g despite its larger error.
T h e signal seen in fig. 2a is t r a c k e d as a f u n c t i o n
o f XF o f the As~+~+Tt - s y s t e m by p e r f o r m i n g ind e p e n d e n t fits o f the t y p e u s e d in fig. 2 o n d a t a s a m -a n d several n e w e r values: 2285.6_+ 1.1 M e V (statistical e r r o r o n l y ) [ 9 ] , 2289 + 2 M e V [ 10] a n d 2284.7+ 2.3 M e V [ 11 ]. We have, in a d d i t i o n , refit the mass
spectra o f the R 6 0 3 c o l l a b o r a t i o n [ I ] a n d find a v a l u e
o f 2295 _+ 6 M e V . Since a m i n i m u m - b i a s trigger was

I

I

1

I

I

I

2.8

2.4

?

P

0
"..)(-

1.6

:~

1.2

Z
-o

0.8

-e

(1 -

/

0.4

O.

0.3

0.4

0,5

I

0.7

0.6

I

0.8

I

0.9

w

1.

XF
Fig. 3. Number of observed (uncorrected) Ac signal events versus Xv when Pt < 1.1 GeV/c. The solid and dashed curves are the expecteddistributions if the cross section da/&*:voc (1 -xv)" with n=2 and 1, respectively.

P. M. Chauvat et al. [R608 Collaboration],
306“Productionof ΛC With Large xF At The ISR,”
Phys. Lett. B 199, 304 (1987).
pp → pΛC X
KEK11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

112

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC
Measure open charm production
Measurediffractive
open charm production
at forwardxF

at forward xF

open charm production
dσ Measure
(pp
→
Λ
C X)
dx
forwarddσF atF + X)(pp → p +xΛ
C

dtdxF

2
M2 dσ
≥ 16
GeV
(pp → Λ X)

C
dxF
2
2
M ≥ 16 GeV

s = 802 GeV2
M ≥ 16 GeV2

s = 80 GeV2

x1x2 = .20, xF =x − x2s = 80 GeV2 1x1x2 = .20, xF = x1 − x2

Example: x1 = 0.8, x2 = 0.25, xF = 0.55
x1x2 = .20, xF = x1 − x2

2 x = 0.25, x
2x
Example:
=
0.8,
M
−1
GeV
1
2 GeV
F = 0.55
∆p =
≥ 0.4

L

2Elab
Example:x1 = 0.8, x2 = 0.25, xF = 0.55

2 −1 GeV2M∆pL =≥ 0.2 GeV
2E
M2lab
−1 GeV2

∆pL =

KEK

11-30-05≥ 0.4 GeV
Important
Test of Intrinsic Charm

2ElabNovel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

113

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

574

Fock states of arbitrary complexity. For example, twintrinsic CC pairs may appear simultaneously
in tquantum fluctuations 27 of
the projectile wavefunction
April 1995
R. Vogt, Xl. Brodsky /Physics Letters B 349 (1995) 569-575
and then, freed in an energetic interaction, coalesc
PHYSICS
form a pair
I,!J’s.to
Wetheshall
estimate
creatiox to
distributions
are ofsimilarequivalentI,& thedistri-Physics Letters B 349 (1995) 569-575
ELSEVIER
butions.
The average
mass, Fock
(MYY),
is 21.4
probabilityof ~~vcccc)
states,whereGeV
nv for
= &I fpion
a proton, a few
GeV th7~- projectiles
and nv = anduud21.7
for GeV
protonforprojectiles,
assuming
above
2myJ/I,~= 18.9
GeV.arise
The from
xy@ pair
distriall ofthreshold,the double
eventsthese
configu
Intrinsic
charm
contribution
todistributions
doublebutions
areWealsothensimilarto the +@but we ma
rations.
examinethex+$andquarkonium
invarianthadroproductionnotethat (xy) = of0.44
= 0.30l&fcCbb)
distributions
theand$$(xe)pairs
and*from
the ax,,+
distribution
configuration and (xy)
=
0.39
and
(x$)
=
0.27
from
Vogt a, S.J.from
Brodskytheseb
for the single $‘sR. arising
Fock states.

πA → J/ψJ/ψX

a Nuclear Science
Division, Lawrence Berkeley
Berkeley,
94720, USAa luudc&)
configuration.
HereLaboratory,(MY@)= CA14.9
GeV
and Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Accelerator Center;USAwith ab Stanford
pion Linear
projectile
and Stanford
15.2University,
GeV Stanford,
withCA a94309,
proton,Received 9 February 1995
again a few GeV above
threshold, my + rn+= 12.6
Editor: M. Dine
2. Intrinsic charm Fockstates
GeV.
0.0
0.5
1.0
It is clearly important for the double J/+ measureAbstract
The probability distribution for a general n-particl%
ments
to be repeated with higher statistics and also at
Double J/e production has been observed by the NA3 collaboration in n-N and pN collisions with a cro
intrinsic
CCmeasured
Fockasa functionof GeV/cx andkrFig. 3. The fi# pair distributions are shown in (a) and (c) for thethe order of 20-30
pb. The+@ pairs
v- nucleus
interactions
atFock150 and states280
are observe
higherenergies.
The in state
same
intrinsic
will
fraction of the projectile momentum in the laboratory frame, x~ > 0.6 at 150 GeV/c andpion and proton projectiles. Similarly, the distributions of J/$‘sanomalously large
writtenasforward
also
lead
to
the production
multi-charmed
GeV/c. We postulatethat these+@ pairs are createdof
by thematerialization of Fock baryons
states in the projecti
from the pairs are shown in (b) and (d). Our calculations are
two pairs of intrinsic CCquarks. We calculate the overlap of the charmonium states with the 1ii&ET) Fock state
incharmthe model
protonfragmentationis alsoandinterestingby the intrinsic
and findthat the T-N -+ $9 region.
longitudinal It
momentuminvariant mass distribut
compared with the n-N
data at 150 and 280 GeV/c [ I]. The
well reproduced.
We
also
discuss
doubleJ/t,bproductionin
pN interactions and the implications for other heavy
to study the correlations of the heavy quarkonium pairs
x++, distributions are normalized to the number of pairs from bothproduction channels in QCD.
pion beams (a) and the number of pairs from the 400 GeV proton
to search for possible new four-quark bound states andmeasurement (c) The number of single J/e’s is twice the number
final state interactions generated by multiple gluon ex1. Introduction
27 f 10 pb. The relative double to single raof pairs.
change [ 71. It has been suggested
Van produ
is (3 fthat
1) x such
10e4 forQCD
pion-induced
It is quite rare fortwo charmonium
states to bepro- bea+anomalouslyis the integrated single$ production
Waals
interactions
could
strongat cx+ = ~it,/pt,~a~in Fig. 3. The +$ pair distributions duced in thedersame hadronic collision. However, theA particularly surprising feature of(
low relative
rapidity[ 22,231.
has measured
a double .I/$
proT-N + t&X events is that the laborato
are shown in Fig. 3(a) and 3(c) and the associatedNA3 collaboration
duction rate significantly above background in multiof the theprojectile
momentum
carried by
There are many ways in which
intrinsic
heavy
the single J/I) distributions in pair events are shownmuon events withTbeamsatlaboratory
momentumisalwaysvery
large,
x++2
0.6 at 150
where N,, normalizes the Fock state probability.
quark
contentoflight
hadronscanbetested.
More
150
and
280
GeV/c
[
11
and
a
400
GeV/c
proton
beam
xW
2
0.4
at
280
GeV/c.
In
some ev
in Fig. 3(b) and 3(d) . Both are normalized to thethe model,
theproduction
vertexcrossfunction
the intrinsicchar[ 21. The integrated
T-N ---) ++X
all of theinprojectile
momentum is carriedmeasurements of the charm and system.
bottomstructure funcdata with the single J/r/ normalization twice that of
In contrast, perturbative gg andsection, a+*, is 18 f 8 pb at 150 GeV/c and 30 f 10
wavefunctionisassumedtoconfirm
be relatively
varInsights forare theexpected
toslowly
produce
Kyoto
University
pb atQCD
280 GeV/c,
andpN -t XF
I&X arecross needed
section is to processestionsatthelarge
EMC
data centra
the pair.
Stan Brodsky,
SLAC
centeredmean value, (x~)
from AdS/CFT [ 151.
ing; Charmthe particle
distributions
are aroundthen thecontrolled
by =t
productionin thetheproton
laboratory fragmentation[ 3-61.
*This work was supported in part by the Director, Office oflight-coneenergydenominatorandphase massTh
The averageinvariantof the pair,
114Energy
regioninelastic
lepton-proton
scattering
isspace.
senResearch,
Divisioninof deep
Nuclear Physics
of the Officeof

NA3 Data

12-5-05

Productionof Color Octet
IC Fock
State

Coalescence ofColor-Singlet Pair
into Charmonium State

Scattering on
Nucleon via one
Gluon
Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

115

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

S. Frixione et al./Nuclear Physics B 431 (1994) 453-483

104

....

~

I ....

I ....

I ....

467

I ....

S o l i d : QCD NLO~-_X : WAS2 data for D- mesons (~N)

~

I

102

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0,8

xr
Fig. 12. Experimental Xe distribution for D for charm quarks.

mesons, compared to the next-to-leading-order QCD prediction

S. Frixione, M. L. Mangano, P. Nason and G. Ridolfi, “Heavy-Quark
Production,”
Another nonperturbative
effect that mustbe accounted for is the hadronization process.
Thanks to the factorization
theorem, High
this effectcan bedescribed
by convoluting theAdv. Ser. Direct.
EnergyPhys.
15, 609
partonic cross(1998)
section[arXiv:hep-ph/9702287].
with a fragmentation function, which we choose to be of thePeterson form [43]. This degrades the parent charm-quark momentum, and results in asoftening of the PT distribution.
116

M. Aguilar-Benitez et al.
[NA27 Collaboration],“Inclusive Properties Of D Mesons
Produced In 360-GeV πp Interactions
Phys. Lett. B 161, 400 (1985).

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

117

Stan Brodsky, SLAC• IC Explains Anomalous α(xF ) not α(x2)dependence of pA → J/ψX
(Mueller, Gunion, Tang, SJB)
• Color Octet IC Explains A2/3 behavior athigh xF (NA3, Fermilab)(Kopeliovitch, Schmidt, Soffer, SJB)• IC Explains J/ψ → ρπ puzzle(Karliner, SJB)• IC leads to new effects in B decay(Gardner, SJB)

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

118

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key
QCD
Experiment
Measure diffractive
hiddencharm
productionat J-PARC
at forward xF
Measure diffractive hidden charm productiondσ (pp → p + J/ψ + X)
dtdx
at forward
xF
Measurediffractive
hidden charm production
F
at forward xF
Measurediffractive hidden charm production
dσ
dσ
(pp
+ J/ψ
+ p) charm production(pp→
p→+pJ/ψ
+X)
Measurediffractive
hiddendt
dtF2 dxF
dtdx
1at
forward xF
dσ forward
atxF J/ψ + X)
dtdxF (pp → p +diffractive
hidden charm production
22dσ
MMeasure"
10
GeV(pp→→p +
p+
J/ψ
+
p)
dσdx(pp
dt1at
dt
J/ψ
+
X)
2
F
dσ
forwardx
dtdx
F J/ψ + X)F→→p+dσ (ppdtdx(ppp+ J/ψ + p)
dt1 dt2FdxF
2 2sM=2sim1080 GeVGeV
dσdσ(pp → p + J/ψ + X)
(pp → p + J/ψ + p)
dσ
dtdx
dt
dt
dx
F
1
2
F
(pp
→ p + J/ψ+ p)
Anomalous
nucleardependence
dt1 dt2 dxF
xs1=
x280
= .20,
x2F = x1 − x2GeVdσ (pA → J/ψ
Anomalous
nucleardependence
+FX)
2
2
α(x
)
α(x
)
(X)
2
dx
GeV
AM Fsim10
versusAx1xα(xx2 =2 ).20, xF = x
1−
α(x
F) 2
A
versusAdσ(pp22→ p + J/ψ + p)
s 2dt
="
80
GeV
M
10
GeV
1 dt
2 dx
F

Important Tests of Intrinsic Charm2 " 10 GeV2
M
x1Anomalous
x2 = .20, xFnuclear= x1 −dependencex2
Novel Tests of QCD
KEK
at J-PARC
11-30-05
α(x
)
α(x
)
A 2 versus A F
119Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC
Intrinsic Charm Mechanism for Double Diﬀraction

p p → J/ψ p p

xJ/ψ = xc + xc̄
High xF !
Kopeliovitch, Schmidt, Soﬀer, sjb

Possible J-PARC
experimentIntrinsic cc̄ pair formed in color octet 8C in proton wavefunction Large Color Dipole
Collision produces color-singlet J/ψ throughcolor exchange
KEK

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Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

120

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Production of Two
Charmonia at High xF

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

121

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

SELEX
Production of a Double-Charm
BaryonKyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

122

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Symmetrize
Nuclear Dependence of
Quarkonium Production
March 9, 2005
dσ
1 and “diffractive” A2/3 components
NA3 data for dx(p(π)A→J/ψX):hard
A
F

Diffractive contribution extends to large xF
Aα(xF ) not Aα(x2 ) : PQCD Factorization Violated!

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

123

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

A2/3

A2/3

A1

A1

Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

124

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

-$&06*0&8&.%(!""#$%&#'()#*+,)-.###!)#/#!'0)"
PRL 84, 3256 (2000); PRL 72, 2542 (1994)
1'%2#345678#21#)(9%'5:#7;9(65';9;:<

',/8(

#*:
(-*'(

Mike Leitch

Kyoto University

12-5-05!"#$%#&

Remarkably Strong Nuclear !$Dependence for Fast
Charmonium
Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

125

M. Leitch

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Nuclear effects in Quarkonium production
p + A at s1/2 = 38.8 GeV
E772 dataσ(p+A) = Aα σ(p+N)
Strong xF - dependence

Nuclear effects scale with xF, not x2 !!!
Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

126

M.Leitch
Stan Brodsky, SLAC

800 GeV p + A -> J/"
E866/NuSea Preliminary, #A = #p * A
1.2

SXF

!

LXF

!

1.1

1.0

0.9
J/"
"’

0.8

0.7
0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

0.0

PT
127

1.0

2.0

PT

3.0

4.0

Key QCD Experiment at J-PARC

Measure Nuclear Dependence of J/ψ, ηc
open charm production production
Understand breakdown
of QCD Factorization
Intrinsic Charm, Color Octet Dipole Physics,
Energy Loss Mechanisms
But: Oscillations, Anomalous AN , AN N
cos 2φ correlation in DY from double ISI

KEK

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Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

128

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Shadowing of pA → J/ΨX
J/Ψ Production on Front Surface
No Absorption of Propagating J/Ψ
σ(p + A → J/Ψ + X) ∝ A2/3

Elastic scattering of IC Fock state:|[uud]8C [cc̄]8C > + N1 → |[uud]8C [cc̄]8C > + N1
followed by:|[uud]8C [cc̄]8C > +N2 → J/Ψ + X
Depleted flux on downstream nucleons
Kyoto University

12-5-05

Insights for QCD
from AdS/CFT

129

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Measure nuclear sh

pA → !+!−X at J-PARC
Key QCD Experiment
Measurenuclearnuclear
shadowing,
antishadowing
at J-PARC in Drell
Measureshadowing,
antishadowing
at J-PARC
in Drell-Yan
reactions
Q2 =reactionsx x s
at J-PARC
in Drell-Yan
1 2

Measure nuclear shadowing, antishadowing+ !− X+ !− X + −
pA
→
!
2
2
2
pA
→
!
at J-PARC
reactions
Q = 4 GeV , spN = 80 GeV
pA →in! Drell-Yan! X−2X
Q2→=!+
xQ1!2xsx x spA=
1 2

x1x2 = .05, xF = x1 − x22

Q = x1 x2 s

2, s
2
2 2=
dσtwist2 , s80 GeV
2 (pA→#=x4
2 s= 4
+ #−
QQ
xGeV
pN =
Highereffects
atX)
high xF :
GeV
=
80
2 GeV
1Q
2
pN

dQ2 dxF
2 = 4 GeV2 , s
dσ
+
−
Q
=
A 2
(pd→# # X)
pN
2
2
2
x
x
=
.05,
x
=
x
−
x
2x1 − x2dQ dxF
Q 1=2 4 xGeV
,Fs.05,
x1F80
=GeV
pN =
1 x2 =

Aα(x1) =twist
at: effects
xHigher.05,
xF effects= xHigher
x2 hightwist
effects
atxF
high
xF :
1 x2 = Higher
1−
twist
at high: .05, xF = x1x1x2xF=
Deviations from (1 + cos2 θ)Higher twist effects at high xF :2 θ)Deviations from (1 + cosHigher
twist effects
cos 2φ correlation.

KEK

11-30-05

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cos 2φ correlation.
at J-PARC

130

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Anti-Shadowing

1.2

Ca

F2 /F2

D

1.1

EMC

E136

NMC

E665

1
0.9
0.8

2

Q = 5 GeV

0.7
0.001

0.01

Shadowing

1.2

KEK

11-30-05

E772

0.1

x
Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

131

2
1

M. Hirai, S. Kumano and T. H. Nagai,“Nuclear parton distribution functions
and their uncertainties,”
Phys. Rev. C 70, 044905 (2004)[arXiv:hep-ph/0404093].

Stan Brodsky, SLACOrigin of Nuclear Shadowing
in Glauber - Gribov Theory

Interference of one-step and two-step processes
Interaction on upstream nucleon diﬀractive
Phase i X i = - 1 produces destructive interference
No Flux reaches down stream nucleon
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132

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Nuclear Shadowing in QCD

Nuclear Shadowing not included in nuclear LFWF !
Connection to DDIS

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133

Stan Brodsky, SLACThe one-step and two-step processes in DIS
on a nucleus.

Coherence at small Bjorken xB :1/M xB = 2ν/Q2 ≥ LA.
If the scattering on nucleon N1 is via pomeron
exchange, the one-step and two-step amplitudes are opposite in phase, thus diminishingthe q flux reaching N2.

→ Shadowing of the DIS nuclear structure
functions.

Kowalski: HERA DDIS produces observed nuclear shadowing
KEK

11-30-05

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at J-PARC

134

Stan Brodsky, SLACThe one-step and two-step processes in DIS
on a nucleus.

If the scattering on nucleon N1 is via
C = − Reggeon or Odderon exchange,
the one-step and two-step amplitudes areopposite inin phase, enhancing
constructive
the q flux reaching N2→ Antishadowing of the
DIS nuclear structure functions

KEK

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at J-PARC

135

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Reggeon
Exchange
Phase of two-step amplitude relative to onestep:√1 (1 − i) × i = √1 (i + 1)
2
2

Constructive Interference
Depends on quark flavor!
Thus antishadowing is not universal
Different for couplings of γ ∗, Z 0, W ±KEK

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at J-PARC

136

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Shadowing and Antishadowing in Lepton-Nucleus Scattering• Shadowing: Destructive Interferenceof Two-Step and One-Step Processes
Pomeron Exchange• Antishadowing: Constructive Interferenceof Two-Step and One-Step Processes!
Reggeon and Odderon Exchange• Antishadowing is Not Universal!
Electromagnetic and weak currents:
different nuclear effects !
Potentially significant for NuTeV Anomaly}

KEK11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

137

Stan Brodsky, SLACre 9: The nuclear shadowing and antishadowing effects at !Q2 " = 1 GeV2 .
2rimental
data
taken
from Refs.
[47, 48]. effects at
Figure 9:
Thearenuclearshadowing
and antishadowing" = I.1Schmidt
GeV2and. The
S. J.!QBrodsky,J. J. Yang,experimental data are taken from Refs. [47, 48].

actions.
interactions.
KEK
11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

138“Nuclear Antishadowing in
Neutrino Deep Inelastic Scattering,”
Phys. Rev. D 70, 116003 (2004)[arXiv:hep-ph/0409279].

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Shadowing and Antishadowing in Lepton-Nucleus Scattering• Shadowing and Antishadowing in DIS arise
from interference of multi-nucleon processes
Phases!
in nucleus• Not due to nuclear wavefunction
Wavefunction of stable nucleus is real.
Effect of multi-scattering of qq in nucleus.
• Bjorken Scaling :Interference requires leading-twist diffractive
DIS processes

See: Talk by I. Schmidt
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at J-PARC

139

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Estimate 20% effect on extraction of sin2 θW
for NuTeV
Need new experimental studies ofantishadowing in• Parity-violating DIS• Spin Dependent DIS• Charged and Neutral Current DIS

KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

140

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Measure nuclear sh

pA → !+!−X at J-PARC
Key QCD Experiment
Measurenuclearnuclear
shadowing,
antishadowing
at J-PARC in Drell
Measureshadowing,
antishadowing
at J-PARC
in Drell-Yan
reactions
Q2 =reactionsx x s
at J-PARC
in Drell-Yan
1 2

Measure nuclear shadowing, antishadowing+ !− X+ !− X + −
pA
→
!
2
2
2
pA
→
!
at J-PARC
reactions
Q = 4 GeV , spN = 80 GeV
pA →in! Drell-Yan! X−2X
Q2→=!+
xQ1!2xsx x spA=
1 2

x1x2 = .05, xF = x1 − x22

Q = x1 x2 s

2, s
2
2 2=
dσtwist2 , s80 GeV
2 (pA→#=x4
2 s= 4
+ #−
QQ
xGeV
pN =
Highereffects
atX)
high xF :
GeV
=
80
2 GeV
1Q
2
pN

dQ2 dxF
2 = 4 GeV2 , s
dσ
+
−
Q
=
A 2
(pd→# # X)
pN
2
2
2
x
x
=
.05,
x
=
x
−
x
2x1 − x2dQ dxF
Q 1=2 4 xGeV
,Fs.05,
x1F80
=GeV
pN =
1 x2 =

Aα(x1) =twist
at: effects
xHigher.05,
xF effects= xHigher
x2 hightwist
effects
atxF
high
xF :
1 x2 = Higher
1−
twist
at high: .05, xF = x1x1x2xF=
Deviations from (1 + cos2 θ)Higher twist effects at high xF :2 θ)Deviations from (1 + cosHigher
twist effects
cos 2φ correlation.

KEK

11-30-05

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cos 2φ correlation.
at J-PARC

141

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Physics of Rescattering• Diﬀractive DIS: New Insight into Final State
Interactions in QCD• Origin of Hard Pomeron• Structure Functions not Probability Distributions• T-odd SSAs, Shadowing, Antishadowing• Diﬀractive dijets/ trijets, doubly diﬀractive Higgs• Novel Eﬀects: Color Transparency, Color
Opaqueness, Intrinsic Charm, Odderon
KEK

11-30-05

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142

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Hadron Dynamics at the
Amplitude Level• DIS studies have primarily focussed on
probability distributions: integrated andunintegrated• We need to determine hadron wavefunctions!
• Test QCD at the amplitude level!
• Phases, multi-parton correlations, spin, angularmomentum
KEK

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143

Stan Brodsky, SLACNew Perspectives on QCD
from AdS/CFT• LFWFs: Fundamental description of hadrons at
amplitude level• QCD is Nearly Conformal• Holographic Model from AdS/CFT : Conﬁnement at large
distances and conformal behavior at short distances• Model for LFWFs, meson and baryon spectra• Quark-interchange dominates scattering amplitudes
KEK

11-30-05

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144

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Hard Diﬀraction from
Rescattering• Diﬀractive DIS: New Insight into Final State
Interactions in QCD• Origin of Hard Pomeron• Structure Functions not Probability Distributions• T-odd Single-Spin Asymmetries• Diﬀractive dijets/ trijets• Color Transparency, Color Opaqueness
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

145

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Essential to test QCD• J-PARC• GSI antiprotons• 12 GeV Jlab
• BaBar/Belle: ISR, two-gamma, timelike DVCS
• RHIC/LHC Nuclear Collisions; LHCb
• photon-photon collider at the ILC• electron-proton, electron-nucleus collisions
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

146

Stan Brodsky, SLAC

Novel Tests of QCD at J-PARC• Color Transparency• Intrinsic Charm, Octoquarks• Hidden Color• Testing Conformal Invariance; Counting Rules IR Fixed Point• Impact of AdS/CFT• Single-Spin Eﬀects• Novel Spin Correlations• Antishadowing• Single and Double Diﬀractive processes
KEK

11-30-05

Novel Tests of QCD
at J-PARC

147

Stan Brodsky, SLAC