Fall 2017
Hello JSAC Members,

Table of Contents
President’s Letter

1Award for Lifetime Service

2

JSAC Updates

3

Member News

5

Feature Article

13

JSAC Executive

22

It was great to see so many of you at the fantastic 30th
anniversary JSAC conference held at the Munk School at the
University of Toronto in October. Many, many thanks toDavid Welch and Eileen Lam for all their hard work inpulling together this excellent conference. Those of us
fortunate enough to be in attendance were treated to manyfascinating keynote and regular presentations on a broad
range of Japan-related topics.

We also heard a beautiful Koto presentation and enjoyed a delicious sake tasting and banquet dinner. As
always, JSAC 2017 was a wonderful opportunity to meet with colleagues from across Canada, Japan,
Europe and the United States. At our banquet, Fumiko Ikawa-Smith was announced as the first recipientof the Japan Studies Association of Canada Lifetime Achievement Award. Congratulations, Fumiko, andthanks for your many and wonderful contributions to JSAC over the years!
The next JSAC conference will be at the University of Alberta, October 11- 14, 2018. The theme will be“Japan’s World/The World’s Japan: Images, Perceptions and Reactions”. Thank you so much to Aya
Fujiwara and X. Jie Yang for taking on the organization of JSAC 2018. Planning is already wellunderway and someterrific and high profile keynote speakers have already been selected.
A special thank you is due Norio Ota for his tireless work on behalf of JSAC. As well as being JSAC
treasurer, Norio manages the JSAC website and has gone to great efforts to put all our current and pastconference programs and publications online along with other items of interest and recognition. Thankyou, Norio! Thanks also are due to the rest of our JSAC Board: David Edgington, David Welch, Jim
Tiessen, Tom Waldichuk and Shige Matsui.
Thanks so everyone who has submitted material to the newsletter. It is great for all of us to find out what
each other has been doing!
Wishing you all a wonderful (and not too cold!) winter!

Carin Holroyd, JSAC President

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Fall 2017 NewsletterAward for Lifetime Service to the Japan Studies Association of
Canada (JSAC)
This award is made to honour an outstanding contribution to the mission of the Japan Studies
Association of Canada (JSAC). Initiated in 2017, the award recognizes exceptional service andcommitment to JSAC and to the study of Japan in Canada. The award acknowledges and publicly
celebrates these outstanding contributions and the integrity and dedication the recipient has brought tothe association.

David Edgington, past president of JSAC, presenting Fumiko Ikawa-Smith with
the JSAC Lifetime Achievement Award at the JSAC 2017 banquet.

Commendation for Fumiko Ikawa-Smith for Lifetime Service to
the Japan Studies Association of Canada (JSAC) 2017
Fumiko Ikawa-Smith is Professor Emerita of McGill University where she has had a distinguishedcareer in both Anthropology and East Asian Studies. She is a specialist in Early Palaeolithic research inJapan and East Asia, and she has served as Associate Vice-Principal (Academic) of McGill University
from 1991 to 1996. In 2005 Professor Ikawa-Smith was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure,
Golden Rays with Rosette from the Government of Japan. Professor Ikawa-Smith was a founding
member of the Japan Studies Association of Canada (JSAC) (formerly the Japan Social Studies
Association of Canada) 30 years ago. She has attended almost every JSAC meeting in its 30 years evenlong after her retirement from McGill. She served as President of JSAC from 2004-2007 and was Chairof the JSAC Conference Committees that hosted JSAC at McGill University in 1988 and 1999. People
who know Fumiko appreciate her wry sense of humor. We at JSAC are grateful for her long service toJapanese studies in Canada.
Fumiko’s Award was made by David W. Edgington at the JSAC 2017 Annual Meeting in October.
David noted that he had known Fumiko for nearly 30 years, and that his first contact with Fumiko waswhen she phoned him directly from McGill University back in 1988 when he was living in Melbourne,
Australia. The purpose of the early morning phone was to summon him to present a paper at the JSSAC
1988 meeting in Montreal. And of course, he had to attend!
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Japan Studies Association of Canada (JSAC) 2017
The 2017 annual meeting of the Japan studies Association of Canada was held at the Munk School ofglobal affairs at the University of Toronto, October 12-15 (cosponsored by the University of Toronto’sCentre for the Study of Global Japan, the Faculty of Arts and Science, and the Japan Futures Initiative,
with generous support from the Japan Foundation, Department of Political Science at the University ofToronto, Asian Institute, Contemporary Asian Studies Student Union, and Ryerson University). There
were 63 participants from Canada, the United States, Japan, and Great Britain, and 14 excellent sessions,
including six keynote addresses by prominent speakers and a session organized by undergraduate
students. Participants also enjoyed a traditional koto performance by Grandmaster Linda Kako Caplan
and a banquet sake tasting presented by Greg Newton of Ontario Spring Water Sake Co. A highlight ofthe banquet was the presentation of the first JSAC Lifetime Achievement Award to Fumiko IkawaSmith. Participants also had the opportunity to welcome Japan’s new Consul-General to Toronto, Takako
Ito. Participant feedback on the annual meeting was extremely positive, and we look forward to an
equally successful event in 2018 in Edmonton.

JSAC Graduate Student/ Junior Faculty Workshop
Ken Coates, with assistance from Maria Toyoda, David Welch, Andrew DeWit and Carin Holroyd, led athree hour graduate student and junior faculty workshop prior to the start of the JSAC conference. The
workshop focused on academic and non-academic career planning and was attended by about 20
University of Toronto students, some of whom have a Japan or East Asia focus to their research. JSAC
has hosted such workshops in the past.
______________________________________

Japan Studies Association of Canada (JSAC) 2018
The 31 Annual Conference for the JSAC will be hosted by the Prince Takamado Japan Centre for
Teaching and Research, University of Alberta in collaboration with the University of Calgary in
Edmonton on 11-14 October 2018. Its theme, "Japan's World / World's Japan: Images, Perceptions andReactions," covers a broad area and a wide variety of disciplines. Images, perceptions, and reactions
define the political directions that nations might take. In recent years, the world has produced a set ofpolitical and cultural discourses of Japan, ascertaining the role that it could play in this world. Many
global leaders and scholars view Japan with pessimism as a country in decline, with few options in the
future due to its dwindling population, aging society and increasing territorial and military threats fromits neighbours. To counter-balance this view, others see Japan with a glimmer of hope, expecting the riseof new scientific and technological inventions to offset these crises. There is also a historical trend to
stress Japan’s soft power, focusing on its rich traditional cultural heritage, literature, and language aswell as popular culture such as manga, anime, and games. Japan, for its part, has reacted and responded
to such images and perceptions created by the rest of the world by reorienting and reinventing its selfimages and responses. The keynote speakers include prominent scholars such as Professor John Treat(Yale University), Professor Steven Vogel (University of California Berkeley), and Professor Teruki
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Tsunemoto (Hokkaido University). The goal of this conference is to bring together interdisciplinary andinternational Japan Studies researchers to produce a new set of knowledge regarding the state of Japanand Japan studies. We will send a message to all of you when call for papers is out. We encourage allmembers to participate and support this important annual event.
______________________________________

Winners of the Klaus Pringsheim Prize
Congratulations to the two graduate students whose presentations won awards in the ‘Klaus Pringsheim
Student Award Competition’. The first prize was awarded to Natasha Fox, Ph.D. Candidate in the
Department of Geography at the University of British Columbia (supervisor Dr. David Edgington) for
her paper “Emerging Solidarities and Spatialities in Post 3.11 Japan: Gender, Sexuality andTransformative Resilience”. The second place (runner up) prize was awarded to Evan Koike, Ph.D.
candidate in the Department of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia (supervisor Dr.
Millie Creighton) for his paper “‘If the Top Changes’: Nonprofit Organizations’ Attempts to Raise
Japan’s Low Birthrate by Educating Company Managers”.
______________________________________The UBC Meiji at 150 Project
To mark the 150th anniversary of the Meiji Restoration, the Centre for Japanese Research, theDepartment of History, the Department of Asian Studies, the Asian Library, and the Museum of
Anthropology at the University of British Columbia are partnering to present a year-long series of events
promoting the study of modern Japanese history on campus. With 7 public lectures, 3 workshops, adigital teaching resource, and a podcast series, the UBC Meiji at 150 Project draws together nearly 50
scholars of Japanese history, literature, art, anthropology, geography, and religion from universities
throughout North America to interrogate Japan’s position in global history along with the place of the
Meiji Restoration in Japanese historical and cultural pedagogy. For a more detailed description of the
Project, along with a full list of events, see: https://meijiat150.arts.ubc.ca/.
Tristan Grunow (Assistant Professor without Review, Department of History, University of British
Columbia)

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Member NewsX. Jie Yang (Professor, Department of Linguistics, Languages and Cultures, University of Calgary)
Publications:
A Digital Exhibit: Tale of Lady Karaito
http://digital.culturalresources.jp/omeka-yang/exhibits/show/karaito
A special webpage to introduce a medieval picture book "Karaito Soshi". It is a showcase todemonstrate classical Japanese document available at National Institute of Japanese Literature, Tokyo,
Japan in the IIIF standard. (Released on Oct. 21, 2017)
Canada Japanese Video Contest
https://sites.google.com/view/canadajapanesevideo/contest-application?authuser=0
Professors and instructors from seven universities are working together on the very first Video
Contest. The deadline has passed, and we received a good number of submissions. The final result of
the contest will be announced in early 2018.
______________________________________
Millie Creighton (Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia)
Publication:
Creighton, Millie. 2017. 'A Tree House in Tokyo: Reflections on Nikkei, Citizenship, Belonging,Architecture, and Art on the 75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese
CanadianArchitecture, and Art on the 75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese CanadianInternment.' Contemporary Japan. 29.2: 246-260.Internment.' Contemporary Japan. 29.2: 246-260.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2017.1354752http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2017.1354752
Presentations:
Creighton, Millie. 2017. “Japan, The Land of the Rivers Dammed,” invited/sponsored presentation forworkshop entitled: Damned by Dams: Artefacts of Modernization and Conflicts of Transformation,
held by the Centre for Global Cooperation Research of the University of Duisburg (Germany).
Presented Friday, October 27, 2017.
Creighton, Millie. 2017. “Contents Tourism Surrounding Japan’s Seto Inland Sea Triennial
International Art Festival: From Shodoshima’s Movie Park, to Art and Architecture Guides, andModern Magazines,” paper presented at the American Anthropological Association annual conferencein Washington, DC on Friday, December 1, 2017.

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Millie Creighton (University of British Columbia) and Nelson Graburn (UC Berkeley) co-organized thepanel, “Contents Tourism in East Asia: Japan, Mainland China, Taiwan, Korea,” for the American
Anthropological Association annual conference in Washington, DC. Panel presented on Friday, December
1, 2017.
Koike, Evan. 2017. “The Contributions of Japanese Nonprofit Organizations to Engaged Fatherhood,”
paper presented at the American Anthropological Association annual conference in Washington, DC on
Thursday, November 30, 2017.
______________________________________
Noriko Yabuki-Soh (Associate Professor, York University)
Publications
日本語学習者の談話における視点表現－日本語母語話者との比較から－ [Expressions of viewpoint
in written narratives: Comparing L2 learners and native speakers of Japanese]. Journal CAJLE (Canadian
Association for Japanese Language Education) 18, 90-112.
Conference presentations:
Deictic expressions found in written narratives in English and Japanese. Paper presented at the annual
conference of Association canadienne de linguistique appliquée/Canadian Association of Applied
Linguistics (ACLA/CAAL 2017), Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada, May 29-31, 2017.
日本語教材に見られる授受表現・受身表現―認知言語学の観点から― [Donatory and passive
expressions found in JFL instructional materials: A cognitive linguistic approach]. Paper presented at the23rd Princeton Japanese Pedagogy Forum (PJPF 23), Princeton University, Princeton, USA, May 13-14,
2017.
Expressions of viewpoint found in written texts in Japanese: Exploring a cognitive linguistic approach.
Paper presented at the annual conference of the Japan Studies Association of Canada (JSAC 2016),
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, October 13-16, 2016.
Expressions of viewpoint made by English-speaking learners of Japanese. Poster presented at the annual
conference of the Second Language Research Forum (SLRF 2016), Columbia University, New York, USA,
September 22-25, 2016.
大学日本語コース用漢字教材の開発―学習者からのフィードバックを基に―Development of Kanji learning materials for university JFL courses: Focusing on learner feedback]. Paper
co-presented with K. Inutsuka at the annual conference of the Canadian Association for Japanese Language
Education (CAJLE 2016), Crowne Plaza, Niagara Falls, Canada, August 17-18, 2016.

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Tom Waldichuck (Faculty of Arts, Thompson Rivers University)
Kamloops Geography Students Visit JapanTom Waldichuk led 12 students on a ten day Geography field course to Japan from May 15 to 25. We
stayed at Bunkyo Gakuin University in Tokyo while we took day trips around the metropolitan area.
We also took the local train along the Tokaido line from Tokyo to Kyoto – a full-day adventure that
included a lunch stop and wonderful ocha at San Grams restaurant (www.san-grams.jp) in the tea
producing town of Kikugawa. Our group stayed two nights in homestay accommodation in Uji City,
next to Kyoto, which is the sister city of Kamloops and home to Byodoin -- the temple on the 10 yen
coin and a UNESCO World Heritage site. On the way back to Tokyo we used the speeder Kodama
shinkansen, which allowed us to stop in Tokyo it was dark, but some of the diehard students and I
walked to Nihonbashi – the bridge where all roads start from in Japan. We sat outside Starbucks
drinking coffee while watching the lamps on the bridge, sadly realizing that our trip to Japan was almost
over, but looking forward to a few more hours together before going our separate ways.

"Guess where this is?"Photo provided courtesy of Tom Waldichuk

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Fall 2017 NewsletterDavid W. Edgington (Past JSAC President, Professor, Department of Geography, University of British
Columbia)
David W. Edgington (Professor Emeritus) has retired from the Department of Geography, University of
British Columbia. David was President of JSAC in 2012-2016. He will continue his research on Japan,
and looks forward to working with his present and former graduate students.
Publications:• D.W. Edgington (2017) `Comprehensive Planning in Japanese Large Cities’, Planning Perspectives,in press.
• D.W. Edgington (2017) `Building Back Better’ along the Sanriku Coast of Tohoku, Japan: Five
Years After the `3.11' Disaster’, Town Planning Review, volume 88(6).
• D.W.Edgington (ed.) (2017) “Globalizing Japan: Issues In Language, Linguistics and JapaneseSociety”. A Collection Of Papers From The Japan Studies Association Of Canada (JSAC) 2016 Annual
Meeting Held at The University Of British Columbia, http://buna.yorku.ca/jsac/jsac_web_pub/
jsac2016_pub_global.pdf.
Presentations:
March 2017: "A Day Out in Fukushima", Paper presented at `The Politics of Invisibility: Fukushima, 6Years After 3.11', Centre for Japanese Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
April 2017: "The Road Back: Arrangements for Recovery of Population and Jobs in the Futaba Districtof Fukushima Prefecture", Paper presented to the American Association of Geographers meeting,
Boston.
April 2017: “Fukushima Dai-ichi at 5, Chernobyl #4 at 30: A Comparison of Cultural, Geographicaland Political settings in Risk and Crisis Management”, Presentation to the Graduate School of East
Asian Studies, The Free University of Berlin.
May 2017: “Fukushima Dai-ichi: Cultural, Geographical and Political Settings in Risk and Crisis
Management”, Presentation to the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, Vancouver.
______________________________________
Brian Pendleton (Professor Emeritus, Asian Studies, Langara College)••

Brian attended the UK Japanese Garden Society (JGS) Conference at Cambridge University,
England, in September, followed by visits to several gardens in the region.
He continues to serve as Editor of the Journal of the North American Japanese Garden Association(NAJGA). The focus of the next Journal: "Japan's Gift to the World: Japanese Gardens as Global
Phenomenon" will be a special issue to parallel the theme of the NAJGA 2018 Biennial Conference
to be held at the Portland Japanese Garden.

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Fall 2017 Newsletter'Garden of Peace' from 1910 Japan-British Exhibition at White City, London (now Hammersmith Park,
restored in 2010)
Photo provided courtesy of Brian Pendelton______________________________________
James H. Thiessen (Associate Professor, Director, School of Health Services Management, Ryerson
University)
James (Jim), with colleague Ken Kato of Fujita Health University, published an article Japanese
healthcare: Fostering competition and controlling costs in Healthcare Management Forum (30, 4:
175-80, https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470417698485) in June 2017. Jim conducted a sold out webinar
on the paper in early July to an audience of Canadian healthcare managers.
The article identifies two (of many) good healthcare policy ideas from Japan. One is Japan`s
competitive hospital sector that includes public, not-for-profit and for profit providers. The second
idea is the Chuikyo, a national council comprising providers, payers (insurers), government and third
party experts who set health service prices nationally and publicly on a biannual basis, a process thatbrings private sector stakeholders into negotiations. Though like all countries, Japan faces healthcare
challenges, these two approaches help curb costs while fostering competition for patients. It must be
noted that OECD figures show that Japanese healthcare spending comprises about 11% of its GDP,
84% which is publicly financed by social insurance and government spending. In Canada thesenumbers are about 10.5% and 70%, respectively.

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Stephen R. Nagy (Senior Associate Professor, Department of Politics and International
Studies, International Christian University, Tokyo)
Publications:
2017
Nagy, S.R. 2017. "Japan's Choice", in The World Commerce Review. Vol. 11, Issue 3. Autumn.
pp.10-17.
2017
Nagy, S. R. 2017. "Japan's Grand Strategy?: Chinese Interpretations of Japanese Foreign Policy inthe post -Cold War Era," in Prospects for Peace and Prosperity in the New Age. Chih-mo Cheng (ed.).
Taiwan: Department of Diplomacy & International Relations, Tamkang Univerity. pp. 71-97.
Authored editorials, commentary
2017 Nagy, S.R. 2017. “Japan faces a consequential decision in possible snap election”, in The Japan
Times. September 22, 2017. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2017/09/22/commentary/japancommentary/japan-faces-consequential-decision-possible-snap-election/#.WciapVuCyUk
2017 Nagy, S.R. 2017. “Quieting the language of war: Diplomacy struggles as Washington and Pyongyang
ramp up the rhetoric”, in Policy Forum Asia and the Pacific Policy Forum. (August 16th, 2017)
2017

Nagy, S.R. 2017. “PM Abe's position casts shadow”, in Kyodo News. (June 15, 2017)

Nagy, S.R. 2017. “The problem of pacifism: The road to revising Japan’s Constitution”, in Policy
2017
Forum Asia & the Pacific Policy Society. (May 11th, 2017)
2017
Nagy, S.R. 2017. “Solutions beyond Sabre Rattling: Compromise and diplomacy, not military might,
has the greatest potential to bring peace to the Korean peninsula,” in Policy Forum, Asia and Pacific Policy
Society. April 14th, 2017. https://www.policyforum.net/solutions-beyond-sabre-rattling/2017 Nagy, S.R. 2017. “Can Tillerson tackle a tense East Asia?: North Korea has ramped up regionalanxieties ahead of US Secretary of State visit,” in Policy Forum, Asia and Pacific Policy Society. March 15th,2017.
https://www.policyforum.net/can-tillerson-tackle-tense-east-asia/
2017 Nagy, S.R. 2017. “Southeast Asia pins its hopes on US-Japan alliance: Much at stake in Trump andAbe’s upcoming meeting,” in Policy Forum, Asia and Pacific Policy Society. February 10th, 2017. https://www.policyforum.net/southeast-asia-pins-hopes-us-japan-alliance/
Conference Papers, Invited Lectures and Workshops
2017 “G-Zero World realities and Canada as a Middle Power,” The Era of Uncertainty Leadership: East
Asian responses to a G-Zero World and the role of Middle Powers Symposium, International Christian
University, Tokyo. October 20th, 2017 (Conference organizer and speaker)

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Fall 2017 Newsletter2017 Symposium on the Role of Middle Power Countries in an Era of Uncertainty, Co-hosted by the
Canadian Embassy, Tokyo and the Social Science Research Institute, International Christian
University, Tokyo. October 19th, 2017. (Organizer and round-table speaker)
2017 “Security Challenges around Japan: How Canada can help”, Hosted by Deputy Commander RCN,
RAdm Gilles Couturier aboard the HMCS OTTAWA , Tokyo. July 13th, 2017 (Closed panel session)2017 “A new model of Great Power Relations and sources of insecurity in the region: Third country
perspectives,” at the 14th Annual East Asia Security Symposium: Conference, China Foreign Affairs
University, Beijing, 30 June 20172017 “Proactive Pacifism under PM Abe: Chinese perceptions of Japan’s Foreign Policy Trajectory,”in the International Studies Association, University of Hong Kong, June 15-17, 2017.
2017 “Japan’s Grand Strategy? Chinese interpretations of Japanese Foreign Policy in the post-Cold War
Era,” at the International Conference on Prospects for Peace and Prosperity in the New Age, organized by
Tamkang University, Republic of Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, March 27th, 2017 (Invited)
Recent Media Interviews:
1) Title: Shinzo Abe wins landslide victory in snap Japanese election
Media:The The World, ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
http://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/the-world/2017-10-23/shinzo-abe-wins-landslide-victory-in-snapjapanese/9078664
2) Title: Re-elected Japanese PM Shinzo Abe to meet with Donald Trump next monthMedia: ABC Radio. https://audioboom.com/posts/6419037-re-elected-japanese-pm-shinzo-abe-to-meetwith-donald-trump-next-month3) https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2017-10-22/icu-says-abe-s-party-represents-pragmaticpolicy-video_____________________________________
Norio Ota (Associate Lecturer, Japanese & Korean Studies Programme, Department of Languages,
Literatures and Linguistics, York University)
Publication:
Ota, N. (2017) 'Standardization vs. innovation in language education':
http://www.jsac.ca/jsac_web_pub/jsac2016_pub_global.pdf
Presentation:
Ota, N. (2017) 'Uncertainties of the future of the Japanese language – a case study of conditionals',
JSAC2017 annual conference held at University of Toronto, October 12-15, 2017.
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Event:
Hosting the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT2017-2) at York University for 586 registrants on
December 3, 2017.
Project:
Creating a database for the students in the Japanese Studies Program at York University.
Setting up a Virtual Centre for Japanese-Canadian Studies.
Revamping the web instructional material.
Norio is on sabbatical leave until June 30, 2018.
_____________________________________Ken Coates (Professor and Canada Research Chair in Regional Innovation, Johnson Shoyama
Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan)
Carin Holroyd (Associate Professor, Political Studies, University of Saskatchewan)
Carin was one of the two keynote speakers in the Suntory Foundation's seminar series in Osaka in May.
She spoke on "Technological Developments in contemporary Japan: possibilities and challenges". Ken
Coates participated as a discussant.
Last December, the Japan Futures Initiative and the European Japan Advanced Research Network(EJARN) hosted a one day workshop on "New Meiji," built around the issue of how Japan should
respond to the challenges of the 21st century. Fifteen participants in the conference submitted papers
based on their presentation at the workshop. Carin Holroyd, Kimie Hara, Marie Soderberg and Ken
Coates are in the final stages of editing a book based on these papers.
Japan figured significantly in a Ditchley Conference on the Future of the Arctic, held in Whitehorse inMay. Ken Coates and Atsushi Sunami, the latter from GRIPS in Tokyo, participated at the workshop.
In comparison to early conferences of this nature, there was a deliberate effort to include more Asian
specialists at the meeting, in recognition of the growing roles of Japan, China and South Korea in the
Far North.

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Japan Studies Association of Canada

Linking Past and Present While Visiting Sites of Injustice on the 75th
Anniversary of Japanese Canadian and Japanese American
Internment
by Millie Creighton, Basant Ahmed Sayed, and Francesca Pegorer
Millie Creighton: Reclaiming Histories and Identities While Reconnecting with Internment Sites
This year, 2017, marks the 75th anniversary of the uprooting and internment of people of Japanesedescent in the Americas. The Internment began in 1942 in the context of heightened feelings in North
America following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA in December 1941,
with approximately 22,000 people in Canada and 120,000 in the USA being uprooted and interned or sent
to labour camps for years because of their ethnicity. In the United States people remained incarcerated inthese camps until 1945, and in Canada it was often even longer, in many cases until 1946. Even afterInternment Japanese Canadians were prohibited from returning to the west coast, where most of them had
been living, had their homes, and communities, until 1949 under a specific exclusion act aimed at thisethnic group, while others were ‘sent back’ to Japan--a country many of those “repatriated” had neveractually even been. At the time, people frequently referred to the process as the ‘Japanese Internment’ anunfortunate labeling that deflected from full recognition that the majority of those interned in Canada were
Canadian citizens and those from the USA were American citizens and the rest legal residents of Canadaor the USA. Thus, in both countries they were (or had until then been) fully recognized with citizenshipand residency status, thus members of an ethnic grouping within Canada and the United States, and neither‘foreign’ nor ‘alien’ until they were re-defined as such by the governments of those countries. The
Internment also had a major impact on Nikkei (people of Japanese descent) in other countries of theAmericas, because Nikkei from 13 Latin American countries were brought up and interned in US camps
based on agreements between the United States and those Latin American countries at that time(Creighton, 2010).

Christina Lake
Those on the journey to re-connect with former
Japanese Canadian Internment sites visit theChristina Lake site, one of the so-called self
supporting Internment camps, and have the chance tocommune with the beauties of nature there. As formany of these sites, the beauty of the locations stands
in contrast to the injustices and denial of freedoms forwhich they were used. (Photo by Millie Creighton)

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Following WWII Japanese Canadians attempted to regain lives and livelihoods. Their property had
been seized, and by the end of Internment in Canada rather than kept for them under the government’s
supposed custodial guardianship of it, sold by government decision to pay for the costs of interning them.
Thus those who experienced the injustices of having their property seized, their communities destroyed,
and their uprooting and loss of freedom for years, had to also pay for this process. Although busy trying toregain lives and a sense of normalcy, many would begin to meet in discussion type sessions to discuss
what had happened. Much later this would bloom and lead to the Redress movement, particularly in the
1980s. The Redress movement was led by many ‘third generation’ or Sansei Japanese Canadians onbehalf of their parents (second generation out of Japan or Nisei) and grandparents (first generation out ofJapan or Issei). Many of those in the first and second generations who had been interned felt reluctant tospeak up publicly about their experiences or themselves had been burdened with a sense of it as shameful,but the younger generation tried to rectify this, and along with their parents and grandparents began tobreak the silence on the injustices that had been done. The goal of the Redress movements in both Canada
and the United States was to gain a clear recognition that the process had been unjust and illegal in term of
violating the human rights of Canadian and American citizens and the two countries’ other legal residents.
After years of struggle, this was acknowledged officially and legally in both countries in 1988 with theofficial Redress statements that it had been wrong, along with those of apology and/or regret on the part of
the two governments, and a payment to survivors, which at $20,000 US for those from the States, and$21,000 Cdn for those from Canada (the amounts were set to be roughly equivalent given exchange ratesof the time) were considered a token payment in relationship to what had been lost or taken from thoseinterned.
The Internment along with the subsequent Redress struggle to gain recognition of it as wrong,remain pivotal aspects of Nikkei history in the Americas. The two processes also influence Japanese
Canadian and Japanese American activities in the present along with the value statements made by theirorganizations. In many cases, it has been Japanese Canadians and Japanese Americans and theorganizations they have formed or been involved in, that have been most vocal about speaking out against
other perceived injustices directed at specific groups within their societies or the potential for people toagain be targets of such injustices based on their ethnicity, cultural background or heritage, perceived
religion, etc. This has been extremely important in the current climate in which divisive tensions among
different groups within North American societies seem potentially on the rise again. Japanese Canadians
have also been linking with other groups in Canada, such as Aboriginal groups, and groups with otherimmigrant histories, who have experienced injustices, to try to gain a stronger voice for acknowledging
and remembering such histories, as well as overcoming such histories to build a truly more inclusive
society.
In addition to Japan, I have tried to do research on Nikkei (Japanese descent groups), particularlyin the Americas (including North, Middle, and South America) and have published on these topics before(Creighton 2010), and very recently to commemorate this year as the 75th anniversary of internment(Creighton 2017). This year I also had the opportunity to participate on a five day bus trip to re-connect
with the Japanese Canadian internment sites in British Columbia. The ‘tour’ was largely orchestrated by
Nichola Ogiwara, Museum Programmer for the Nikkei National Museum and Cultural Centre, who was
Canadian born and grew up in Japan as a child of a Japanese and British parent, assisted by Karah
Goshinmon and Lisa Uyeda. Even though it has been 75 years since the commencement of JapanesePage 14

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Tashme Site Scenery
This photo, taken on October 27, 2017. the day of the former Tashme Japanese Canadian Internment site signage
ceremony, highlights the natural beauty of the surrounding area and shows how locations of great beauty havenonetheless been used for sites of injustices and the restrictions of human rights and freedoms.(Photo by
Francesca Pegorer)

Canadian internment, keeping in mind that internment went on for years, there were several Japanese
Canadians, mostly in their 70s and 80s and on occasion 90s who had been interned along on this five
day journey visiting the sites or meeting up with us. This time they, sometimes accompanied by family
members, were traveling to the internment camps by choice, to remember and commemorate Nikkei
history and experience, not by coercion as had characterized the original expulsion of Japanese
Canadians from their communities and into these sites.
Internment sites we visited included the Pacific National Exhibition at Hastings Park in
Vancouver (the site of initial gathering and holding of many Japanese Canadians before being sent toother camps), Tashme in Sunshine Valley (the last camp to be built and one with the largest number ofinternees), Greenwood (the first camp to be populated in April 1942), New Denver (where Japanese
Canadians helped erect the 275 shacks in which they would live, along with a new TB sanatorium forthe 100+ patients relocated to it from Hastings Park), Bay Farm, Popoff Farm, and Lemon Creek (foursites in the Slocan extension area near New Denver), Roseberry (with the smallest number of school
children, 100, at any of the camps), Sandon (a nearly completely abandoned silver mining town until theJapanese Canadian internees were sent there), and the so-called ‘self-supporting sites’ (meaning that
economically better off Japanese Canadians of the time paid to go there and supported the costs of being
there themselves) of East Lillooet, Minto, and Christina Lake. (Although those interned paid the cost ofPage 15

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their internment in these camps their seized assets were nonetheless sold to pay off general costs of theInternment). We also went to Kamloops and had a community dinner at the Kamloops Japanese
Canadian Cultural Centre. I wish to share here reflections on some of the specific sites we all explored
together.
The Hastings Park: Pacific Northwest Exhibition (PNE) Site
Beginning in April 1942, the Pacific Northwest Exhibition (PNE) grounds, buildings, andlivestock stalls in Hastings Park, were used to hold Japanese Canadian internees, in many cases formonths, and accommodate the Internment, until internees were relocated to internment camps. The PNE
had become a designated National Defense ‘holding area’ which resulted in the actual PNE fair not
being held in 1942 although it had been held since 1888 and remains an annual event for Vancouver
now. Internees, particularly those in areas of British Columbia outside Vancouver were first housed at
this Hastings Park site. Many had to stay there for months, and about 8,000 Japanese Canadians
experienced being there. At the height of its population 3,866 Japanese Canadians were residing in thepark on September 1, 1942 after which numbers of them were sent daily to the camps in the interior or
to work projects (Kawamoto Reid, Carter, and Greenaway 2012:7). Men, whether married or not, stayedin the transformed arena of the Forum Building sleeping on side by side cots numbering about 1,000.
Adulthood was defined by those running the Internment as 18 (meaning that males as young as
18 who were initially in the men’s dorm, would then be separated from their families and sent to thework projects as were other adult men). Initially male youth aged 13-17 also slept and remained in the
men’s dormitory, until those operating the Internment perceived possible problems with such youth
being ‘influenced’ by the surrounding men, and made a separate barracks for them. Remaining family
members and non-married women were housed in the PNE livestock stalls which had for years beenused for cattle and horses, etc. Each woman with a family was allotted one livestock stall for herself, all
her daughters and her sons up to 12 years old. The stalls stunk of livestock and allowed little privacy, so
the first activity of the women involved attempts to put sheets or curtains between stall areas. The
conditions were grim and difficult. Raymond Moriyama, who was interned as a child and youth and who
would later go on to become one of Canada’s foremost architects designing buildings that include thecurrent Canadian Embassy in Tokyo, remembers with bitterness how his mother suffered a miscarriage
while they were living in these livestock stalls, and in addition to his parents’ loss of a child he lost what
he felt would have been his younger sibling (Creighton 2017).
Along on our 2017 journey to these Internment sites was a Japanese Canadian woman who had
spent time at the PNE stalls as a girl. Her biggest memory was the overwhelming stench of the livestock
throughout the building they were housed in and permeating every moment of their lives within the
livestock stalls.
For many Japanese Canadians the first location they
were interned was the Pacific Northwest Exhibition (PNE)
fairgrounds at Hastings Park. Men were separated fromtheir families and all slept on side by side cots filling thefloor of the Forum Building. 'Families' defined as womenwith all their daughters (without their own children) andsons up to age 12 were housed in livestock stalls at the
PNE, with each family allotted one stall which had foryears been utilized for cattle and horses. This photoshows a line of such stalls that still remain at theHastings Park site. (Photo by Millie Creighton)

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The Slocan Extension Sites (Slocan City, Bay Farm, Popoff, Lemon Creek)
Many of the sites in the Slocan extension had been farms taken over for use for the Internment.
Raymond Moriyama, who would go on to later become one of Canada’s most renowned architects,
David Suzuki, who would go on to later become one of Canada’s most renowned environmentalists, and
Joy Kogawa, who would go on to later become one of Canada’s most renowned novelists, all at somepoint attended the Pine Crescent School located at the Bay Farm site. All three would later berecognized with the Order of Canada award, Raymond Moriyama and David Suzuki as Officers of theOrder of Canada, and Joy Kogawa as Member of the Order of Canada (Kawamoto Reid, Carter, andGreenaway 2016: 19), their personal trajectories reflecting the resilience of the human spirit which cansometimes rise beyond such experiences.
On our 2017 journey to these Slocan extension sites, was a man who had been interned in one ofthem with his mothers and sisters from when he was about 8 years old, who spoke about his experiences
while we were at the site. In has case his father had died a few years earlier when he was three, and asister had died shortly before they were interned in what should have been a routine tonsillectomy. He
was thus aware even as a child of his mother’s sadness over these deaths, and separation from his twoolder brothers, who being 18 or older were sent to work projects. He recalled some happy moments
about being a child in the situation, such as playing outdoors, catching gophers in the fields, and fishing(mentioning that they did eat the fish caught). He also provided his initial memories of moving into thecamp. He said that two men came by and asked him to chop wood. He was not able to do it, so the twomen showed him how to do it and had him try it until he was finally able to chop some wood. For a bit
he felt some pride at being able to finally do it. Then the two men told him that now he was, ‘the man of
the household’ and thus would have to chop the wood for warmth and cooking. The two men then left,
and it began to dawn on him that he really was, at the tender age of about 8, now responsible for getting
and chopping the wood needed for his family consisting of his mother, his sisters, and himself.
New Denver
The New Denver camp was situated near Slocan River. Initially about 350 internees were sent tothe sparsely populated area, and this increased to 1,505 by the end of 1942. What had been a farmorchard was used for their dwellings, and the Japanese Canadian internees participated in constructing
the 275 shacks they would live in. These small shacks housed two families each, with one family
sleeping on each side of a central area that was used for tasks such as cooking and eating. Some of theseshacks remain and have become personally owned cabins by people spending vacation time in the area.
They serve much better as short-term cabins for vacationing by choice, then they did for housing two
families consisting of several people at the time of Internment.
A tuberculosis sanatorium was also built at the New Denver site, and the more than 100 TB
patients who were at the Hastings Park site were later sent to it. This TB sanatorium is still a medical
installation in operation in British Columbia. A museum has been built at New Denver and visitors cansee a residential shack, and artifacts of the Internment displayed. The museum also exhibits news andother articles from the period. One I found interesting discussed those who were proposing a ‘round up’of people of Japanese descent published prior to the December 7, 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,drawing into question that it really was or purely was the Pearl Harbor attack that prompted theInternment of Japanese Canadians.
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The New Denver Museum site maintains some of the shacks used for Japanese Canadian Internment. (Some of these
also still exist in the area where they are now owned privately.) Each shack, such as the one shown here, had threeadjacent areas. The area in the middle was used jointly for things like cooking, eating and hanging up laundry, and an
entire family was allotted to the areas on either side of this such that each shack contained two families and housed
several people. (Photo by Millie Creighton)

The Self-Supporting Sites Such as East Lillooet, Minto, and Christina Lake
There were seven authorized ‘self-supporting’ sites. This meant those Japanese Canadians who
had the means to do so paid the costs of the sites from the beginning. Nonetheless in such cases by theend of the war their seized assets would be used to pay off costs of overall Internment along with otherJapanese Canadians. The main reason given for why people did this was that it allowed families to stay
together. In East Lillooet those who came to reside there built the 55 tar paper shacks used for this. The
Christina Lake site used an area that had once been a prosperous resort area but when the resort businessdeclined became largely an abandoned area. The site reveals how places of natural beauty can be used
for non-beautiful purposes in terms of constraining human beings and limiting their freedoms.
While we were in Lillooet and later at Kamloops we were met by a former member of thefamous Asahi baseball team, Kei (Kaye) Kaminishi (who at 95 is the last remaining Asahi team player),which was operating until Internment. The Asahi baseball team had not only been extremely popularamong the Japanese Canadian community but also an incredibly successful team, winning the Northwest
Championship for five straight years before being forced to disband due to the war. Mr. Kaminishi
indicated that one negative aspect of Internment for him was that it coincided with his prime years as a
baseball player, thus making his baseball career short-lived. He appears in a film made about the team
(Osborne 2003) and in 2009 he threw out the opening ball for a special tribute to the Asahi team held
during a game at Nat Bailey stadium in Vancouver.

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TashmeThe Tashme site was one of the last populated, one of the most isolated, and also the one that held
the largest population once internees were settled in. The name of the site was invented utilizing the firsttwo letters of the names of three of the British Columbia Security Commission’s officers, Taylor, Shirras,
and Mead. Tashme also maintains a museum related to Japanese Canadian Internment (Sunshine Valley
Tashme Museum). It was the first site of nine to have new signage installed as part of these sites being
recognized as having historic importance for Canada on the commemorative year of Canada’s 150 years
as a country in 2017. Two of the graduate students with whom I work, Basant Ahmed Sayed, an MA
student in the Department of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia, and Francesca Pegorer,a Ph.D. student in the Department of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia, visited theTashme site and attended the signage ceremony on October 27, 2017. Their reflections are renderedbelow.
Basant Ahmed Sayed: An Unforgettable Day at the Tashme Japanese Canadian Internment CampOn Friday October 27th, I had a very special and memorable day at the Sunshine Valley Tashme
Museum. It was the 75th anniversary of the Japanese Canadian Internment camp that was built at Tashme
during the Second World War, and the Tashme Museum was chosen for the official unveiling of the firstof nine B.C. Historic Place signs recognizing the history of the Japanese Canadian Internment Sites of
1942-1946. I had no idea it would be such an emotional event. I learned about the Tashme Museum eventfrom my UBC MA supervisor, Dr. Millie Creighton, who is a Japan specialist, and who visited all theJapanese Canadian Internment camp historic sites in British Columbia. She recommended that Francesca
Pegorer, her PhD student, and I go witness this special historic event.
It was a beautiful sunny day, and yet cold at the Tashme camp site. The first part of the event washeld in open air near the Tashme Muesum. It started by us all singing the Canadian national anthem,followed by two emotional and powerful speeches made by the Consul General of Japan to Vancouver,the Honourable Ms. Asako Okai, and the Minister of Transportation, the Honourable Ms. Claire Trevena.
Both speakers commented on how cold we all felt standing in the sun at Tahsme in October, and how
hard and very cold it must have been for the Japanese Canadians that were displaced and moved to
Tashme during the Second World War. There were tears and yet smiles in the eyes of everyone in thecrowd. I felt overwhelmed and confused. There were mixed feelings of happiness and sadness; it seemed
confusing for everyone in the crowd. The second part of the Tashme event, took place at the great hallclose to the Museum. It included a few speeches that recognized the efforts of the Sunshine Valley
community members in helping with the event preparations. I took the chance to talk to some of thosecommunity members about their volunteer work at Tashme, while eating the lunch that they had preparedspecially for the event. It was wonderful to see how excited they were talking about all the work they had
been doing to renovate the old camp site, and prepare for the event. I ended our meeting by thanking themfor their wonderful work, and by promising them to come visit the Tashme Historic Site again with myfamily.

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This photo was taken in September 2017 at thedinner held in Kamloops, BC at the Japanese
Canadian Community Hall. Pictured left to right
are: Thomas Takemura who was interned in
one of the camps as a child during WWII, Millie
Creighton, a Japan specialist andAnthropologist based in the Department of
Anthropology at the University of British
Columbia and also one of the founders of theCentre for Japanese Research there, Kei(Kaye) Kaminishi who at 95 is the last remaining
player from the Asahi Baseball Team in
Vancouver that won five straight championships
before it had to be disbanded due to the war
and the Internment. (Photo courtesy of Millie
Creighton)

Francesca Pegorer: The Tashme Signage Ceremony and Re-Building Community for the Future
When we arrive at the site of the former Tashme internment camp it’s almost noon. The sun isshining, but the cold is unrelenting. We seek refuge in the little, but very informative Sunshine Valley
Tashme Museum.
The Tashme internment camp was created in 1942, to accommodate the Japanese Canadiancitizens and their families, who had been forcibly displaced after the outbreak of war with Japan. The
500 families who were forced to leave their homes and settle in Tashme had to build their own shelters,
only having a limited amount of time to do so. Those people weren’t trained in carpentry, most of them
being middle class office workers and housewives, and they had to work in the freezing cold, probably
dreading not being able to provide a safe enough shelter for their families, and especially the children.
Right beside the museum we discover a one storey black building. At first sight it looks pleasant to theeye, a simpler version of the wooden cottages in North Vancouver. To a closer look, however, it’s clearthat the walls are covered in dark plastic foil, and that the building is little more than a hut. It is, in fact,a replica of the original shacks, and as such it is invaluable in helping envision the camp in thisotherwise idyllic setting.
Shown attending the historic signage ceremonyon Friday, October 27, 2017 at the former
Tashme Japanese Canadian Internment site (asthe first of nine locations to receive suchsignage as locations of historic importance to
Canada) in front of one of the newly erected
signs are, left to right: Francesca Pegorer,
Ph.D. student focused on Japan in the
Department of Anthropology at the Universityof British Columbia, and Basant Ahmed Sayed,
MA student focused on Japan in the
Department of Anthropology at the Universityof British Columbia. (Photo courtesy ofFrancesca Pegorer)

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Fall 2017 NewsletterOn this day (October 27, 2017) on the lawn in front of the museum, a tent covers half a dozen
rows of chairs that face the podium, and the plaque behind it. Some former internees, all of them in theirseventies, or older, are already sitting there, waiting.
The ceremony begins with the acknowledgment that we are guests on the ancestral land of theFirst Nations, and with the salute of the chief. This moment reminds us of the other histories, andtragedies, intertwined with this land. At the same time, it carries the potential for new connections to becreated, among people who have very different heritage, and yet, by being here, alongside the Japanese
Canadian community, are sharing the burden. This moment of remembrance of a tragic past is also amoment of community, of bonding, and of learning.
The voice of Laura Saimoto, Chair of the Japanese Canadian Legacy Committee, cracks while she
is recounting the tragedy, and our eyes go to the elderly former internees sitting in front of us. Theirsilence, and the speaker’s tears, resonate with the audience, just like the cold that makes us all shiver, andfeel in our bodies the terrible experience of those families forcibly and abruptly dislocated here, seventyfive years ago.
After the unveiling ceremony we move to the community building, where we are offered homemade Japanese or Japanese Canadian food, and celebrate the locals (among them Ryan Ellan, curator of
the museum), and the former internees, who have made this day possible. We also meet one of Sunshine
Valley’s few, but engaged residents who expresses her pride at the success of today’s event, and invites
us to come back, both to check the progress of the Tashme Museum’s outdoor installations, and to enjoy
the natural beauty of the place. We feel that this is precisely the message that today’s celebrations want toconvey: remembering the past as a way to build a more interconnected present and future.
Speakers and participants in the Friday, October27, 2017 signage ceremony at the former Tashme
Japanese Canadian site on the 75th anniversary ofInternment and the celebration of Canada's 150thbirthday as a country. Shown left to right: James
Burton, heritage architect with Birmingham andWood, Laura Saimoto, Chair of the Japanese
Canadian Legacy Committee, Linda Kawamoto
Reid, Nikkei National Museum Archivist, Lorene
Oikawa, Greater Vancouver Japanese Canadian
Citizens' Association, the Honourable Asako Okai,
Consul General of Japan in Vancouver, theHonourable Claire Trevena, Minister ofTransportation and Infrastructure, Basant Ahmed
Sayed, MA student in the Department of
Anthropology at the University of British
Columbia. (Photo by Francesca Pegorer)
References:
Creighton, Millie. 2010. Metaphors of Japaneseness and Negotiations of Nikkei Identity: The Transnational Networking of
People of Japanese Descent. In N. Adachi (Ed.), Japanese and Nikkei at Home and Abroad (pp. 133–162). New York:
Cambria Press.
Creighton, Millie. 2017. A Tree House in Tokyo: Reflections on Nikkei, Citizenship, Belonging, Architecture, and Art on the75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese Canadian Internment. Contemporary Japan, 29.2:246-260.
Kawamoto Reid, Linda, Carter, Beth, and Greenaway, John Endo. 2016 [2012]. Karizumai: A Guide to Japanese CanadianInternment Sites. Vancouver, BC: Nikkei National Museum.
Osbourne, Jari. 2003. Sleeping Tigers—the Asahi Baseball Story. Canada: National Film Board.

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JSAC Executive
2015-2017
President (2016-2019):
Prof. Carin Holroyd
Department of Political Studies
University of Saskatchewan
Arts 283A, 9 Campus Drive
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5
Tel: 1-306-966-5506
E-mail: carinholroyd@gmail.com

Secretary-Treasurer (2016-):
Prof. Norio Ota
Department of Languages, Literatures and Linguistics
York University
4700 Keele Street
Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3Phone: 1-416-736-2100 ext. 88750
Fax: 1-416-736-5483
E-mail: nota@yorku.ca

Regular Executive Members:
Prof. Thomas Waldichuk (2014-)
Department of Geography &Environmental Studies
Thompson Rivers University
900 McGill Road
Kamloops, BC, Canada V2C 0C8
Tel. 1-250-371-5718
E-mail: twaldichuk@tru.ca

Prof. David W. Edgington (2016-)
Department of Geography
University of British Columbia
1984 West Mall,
Vancouver BC, Canada V6T1Z2
Tel: 1-604-822-5612
Fax: 1-604-822-6150
E-mail: david.edgington@ubc.ca

Professor Jim Tiessen (2014-)
Ted Rogers School of Management
Ryerson University
350 Victoria Street
Toronto, ON M5B 2K3
E-mail: jhtiessen@ryerson.ca

Prof. Shige Matsui (2016-)
Peter A. Allard School of Law
University of British Columbia
E-mail: Shige MatsuiProf. David A. Welch (2016-)
Department of Political Science
University of Waterloo
E-mail: David Welch______________________________________________________________________In order to keep your updates uniform, please use the template on the next page or use thesame format on your fall updates. Send to: Sherilee.diebold@usask.ca

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