   e /- f 2,**-7e+g

 +/  0 ῑῒ+ + , - !"  #$%+ &'(%, )*+,-- ./01++2 +.  ++  ,3 345  +/  .  +. 3467

Electrolyzed-Reduced Water as Artiﬁcial Hot Spring Water
Shoichi OKOUCHI+, Daisuke TAKEZAKI+, Hideyuki OHNAMI+,
Yuhkoh AGISHI,, Yasuo KANROJI-, and Shigeo IKEDA++

Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hosei University,
Research Institute for Health Resort Medicine
Hot Spring Research Center

Abstract
Water-electrolysis with ion-exchange membranes followed by passing through activated carbon ﬁlter conducted to produce electrolyzed-reduced water that has neutral
and reductive characteristics. In addition, the electrolyzed-reduced water was also
conﬁrmed characteristic of antioxidative activity. Bathing in the electrolyzed-reduced
water lowered the ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) of human skin, as same as that in
hot spring waters with reductive characteristic. Therefore, the electrolyzed-reduced
water was expected to have a function of depressing the oxidation or aging of humanskin. We concluded that the electrolyzed-reduced water is applicable to artiﬁcial hotspring water. Furthermore, we also suggested that the system have changed theoxidative characteristic of hot spring waters by addition of disinfectant such as chlorinecompounds into the reductive characteristic.
Key words : water-electrolysis, reduced water, antioxidant, artiﬁcial hot spring water,ORP, chlorine-desinfectant
89:9; : <=>? @A< BC  D  ORP EFGH+ῌ ῏ ῍ ῐ ῎IJ KLMNOIP?QRSTUVWXYZ[\ ]^] _`aIbcd1

¼}

2 ORP pH+332 +333 ,*** ,**,

    +  ORP ,-. ORP

!"# $  % &' ()*/0 . ORP  1234567

 8234569:;<   +332

AI Aging Index

+333 !"# ="  >?@ABC DE!F %  G  . ORP/0  H"IJ! K

LJMNOP   +333 !"#  /23456QR"K %E !"S8TU
!EV"G!!E#   'W;X#,Y$  Z[V\%A] Z[^! _&'^V`a$]!E#   b]Z[^; 8;()*O+1# b]c Z[ 8OVde] ,;Ff-. 8/8_&Vg=]!E K 01hij3k El]FZ[^V23$]!E 4em8 1noV&9!!E#b;pq; %O+1f-;F5NIrs867tu(  9v;Z[89N15wxyzPR{"# 87:;! '^ :;|}I:;V~]V 'W8
<5":;;1"#8]=;=+1.; 8" 8VP$]!E#  8"v kO; 8(  O;>0?)1@
8F#$]# b"S851v AB@8V CI# b;8( @8F<5"8867VS]#  / 8pq;

;#$]O8&  O&V$]  DNA DL 5E"L $ FGHJM +J;V< Shirahata +331 ; IJ ,*** $]!E# b]c pq;P"<5"8 %O;;(  ,+1rs8!K;#,ῌ ῍+῎ 8/8=+1LM;"8@8 ORP-pHN

1# Ih  + , O8B ῍¡ hiB ῎¡ b]¢]1£¤O POQWV]=; P   +332 !"8 . ORP ῏¡ 1# Ih ORP ¥ V R ,/¦ORP§+.,-¥;#*.*/3

῍O,¨.H¨¨.eῌ,H,O
ORP§*.*/3pH῎,H¨¨,eῌH,
ORP§*.2.

*.*.1pH῏ + PO="῏¡ . b],S© S©1# 1Ieª Z[5_&"S 8/8 «¬   kO; 8 ­¬  O;TV®$]" @8 ¯¬UC #$]

# 8W° ±$²]³ ´i8/8 /E8I#; @8;#$]µ¶I_& ·¸_& +8& ¹º5I»» /- ¼ ,**-

RS23fgJK:º,A  ,***3  ORP 

 +  !"# ORP $

 %&'"( ) *+,
# ORP $ -./01*23401 5 -67"8 pH 93
11 pH :;<= > ORP 40
1- ?@A#01 $ BC DEFG"H231 I-( *JKLK-MN
:OP:!@/( 01H,")- Q1/9 ;23RS1
TU V-( JKLK  , :!"W: pH+ XYZ pH +* *[\Y]^_`%ab@A,

ORP,cH# ORP &,23d)-Z ))/9 ;23

Fig. + Relationship between ORP and pH in electrolysis of tap water.
¹ : tap water, 5 : electrolyzed-cathodic water,  :electrolyzed-anodic water, $ : electrolyzed-anodic
water ﬁltered through activated carbon layer, I :electrolyzed-reduced water that mixed electrolyzed-cathodic water with electrolyzed-anodic waterﬁltered through activated carbon layer.

RS1 JKLK23e*"fgJK1-(-ῌ ῎῍ + h:!@/231*TU"
i RSj-@A - :!"klmnopq/O*r @/( "st uvm:wxyz@/xy{|}R0~: klm4klmnopq
/9* ` 1
@ 1klmno*"U-.A,( >P: 1R&b RS ,)-Z klmno~:RS` 1

Fig. , Schematic relationship between ORP and pH
in hot spring waters, electrolyzed-reduced water,electrolyzed-cathodic water, electrolyzed-anodicwater, and tap water.

* RS)- 
 _=( / )Oh1-@A ,/1"1: ,)-:( -@A  - :!"W:1 11 *RSj:@ klmno¡¢/RS01-RS401* £t: j:" *¤¥@/(  j*"¦§0¡¢/- ¨: 9 Q1@/231TU =(  . : RSj- *>©:@/RS ª*!"(  / :!"«¬­ZJ1 .*® * . RS :1"¯m°±O- !
j1 ,** dm- .*® *²m³ "# 0.* dm-ῌmin :RS -!j~*
O* ,A´¡¢@/23RS1 ORP - pH µ¶*·./( µ¶¸,chi»¼4

 ,/  ῌ !

"#$% ,**+& '() *+,- ./01234567=>?

89:;<  @ ,, , ῌ -azino-di- "- -ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate& "ABTS&6<=>? ./012345ABCDED ABTS <=>?F+;GH+I
῍JBK*LMFBN9 O<=>?PQRSTUV%ῌBWX KJP

Q 0** nm 'YZU[HV%\] OῌB^_ 0-hydroxy-,, /, 1, 2-Fig. - Water-electrolysis with ion-exchange membranes followed by passing through activatedcarbon ﬁlter.

tetramethylchroman-,-carboxylic acid ^_`FabFcd'efghi".*& j:klBmnhUoh

p%q / rstuv@' wxv
῎yz ORP-pH {|B[H*LFm}
p%qFfghi:L~ftu:L [H +j wx[H

B9 "% +333&p% hiB Lhi'  . *B9 ORP-pH {|[HV% F

6*LuB
Fig. . Experimental apparatus for production ofelectrolyzed-reduced water.

. .+ 0  q V%hB¡¢5£ ¤¥¦B* V%§
%V+:¨ l:©

ªLq V%h "«¬& B¡*MF' ­-+L¥¦B®

 ¯B#°±U "2²+-V& B³*M
F' ORP 6´6®%µ ¶  pH q:©h pH F·¸¹ºB 1 ¤:L¥¦ "±U +-Fig. / Two experimental systems for productionof electrolyzed-reduced water.

» /- ¼ ,**-*#$¹º s"VV  5    ORP    !"#$ %&'() * 0#$

+, -./!1234'56789:) !
, pH $;< =>9:)
?2

*+ +-V 9@AB C

DEFGHI()*CD @AJ KLM ()#$*NOP ?FG GF! Q  *CD
 ?RST  U(V #$*

Fig. 0 Relationship between ORP and pH in one
way system for production of electrolyzedreduced water.
, ´, µ, ¶, ·, and ¸ : *.*, 2.*, 3.,/, +*./,++.1/, and +-.* V of the respective voltages inthe tap water-electrolysis.

NWX Y  NOP0GZ) [) *+\] 2V FG +-V ^9 N +[OP0GZ) ^ZGOPFG ?
_2Z)NRL,`#$*0a bc9d^0:) !, N"QeA ^^9fOP9()0 *CD9g6h6ij%klmn7
O,ῌo pqk5j%7lmn7 ῌOH!r+!KLs"V tuShirahata G +331 ; G ,*** 0^0v2ZV" Shirahata G +331 pH +* w\9xy2z)*CDRL`pH ./(V{|}7~:V,  NKL 9^(V" Z *CD
N7n

(V"9!"^0 GF9 ,N (V ^Fig. 1 Relationship between ORP and pH in circuit
system for production of electrolyzed-reducedwater.
, ¶, µ, ¸, and · : *.*, /.*, +*, ,*, and -* min.
of the respective times of the tap waterelectrolysis at the voltage of +-.* V.

Z[9 *pnl6
KL0 R +33- 2ZV" (F( ^ZG6f() 9 "dZ!"0~9 JN Z^FG N~HIJ!0¡Z (F( HI¢e9£ N   ¤¥"¦§¨V¢©^ª#(" «¬G­

ORP  HI¢e9 (Vd) ORP ®$

K %0 NF!G¯( °3679!" (F( 0"¯Z #$

9^FG N(V"8L±"²³GZ & ^^9()#$*9 N^0v9d)

AB»¼

6.,  3   /     !  "#$# .*% / &! ' () (*+!  ORP-pH ,-./

012  345'6789:#;< =>  +333! ' ?@AB' ./CDE 60' 2 F FG  HI! J?@AB K
I! 5L  M ORP (NIOIM "#$#PIQI
"#$#RS M1T./9 # 2 ::5J U&JV 5C ORP WXY ORP Z[\:5F J?@AB5L ]^^_`a9bcd 2 :#./J ef9gh]^_1T< ij ,**+ kS,**+! FC :: # 9 L gh]^_1T`
a9lmdT2 "#n opJq]^a1T5Lr ABs
BatT1TUuAB5'6bcdT./

2 ORPpH vwxy z{1T:5 |}?@AB MZ[~ UuABT:5C`tT2
     Fig. 2 Antioxidative activities of electrolyzed-reduced
water and electrolyzed-cathodic water.

I! J  M

 ORP IMIWX 9]^1T9m # 2"#n ]^J]^^1T`a90d 2 efy5'61T9 #6M Lr

#Tf ]atT:5F
/1T5'6  ¡tT5¢£'6T5:¤Ct
T2 'F' :fJ :#;¥¦6d G§]^' ]^T`a1T2 "#n ,-8J:#
Fig. 3 E#ects of bathing in electrolyzed-reducedwater, the hot spring water, and tap water at .*%on ORP and pH of human skins (bended side ofright forearm).
H : hot electrolyzed-reduced water, K : hotspring water,  : hot tap-water, N and P : beforeand after bathing hot electrolyzed-reduced water,respectively, O and Q : before and after bathingin hot spring water, respectively,and  :before and after bathing in hot tap-water,respectively.

¨1T©ª«1¦dt¤G2;   +* J ¬'6 . U9

­ / &[®' } ¯°± AI ² Aging Index : Y
ORP 5 ORP 5³! ^012 F FG U!
°J´µ¶· #T:59F¸ 2:°±RSJ "¹ºCtT /-  b,**-eFig. +*OPMN(-`aChanges of residual chlorine concentration and AI after bathing of four persons.

  AI  !

AI "#$%&'() *+,!

-.*/012345678(9:;! <-.=> ?' @A! BC
DE?'0AFG HIJKL ! MN(OP,0 QR*/ST! MN()*+, AI .

Fig. ++ Circuit system of the hot spring waters (seeTable +) with disinfection.

-*/U?' VK @WXL Y K
HI ! NZMN() Y[G HI.- \ + ! ]ST^_L`a bA c0dBe `afg\hfijG Y K`a! k ++ jGl\m@`a,no ῌ pq9%rsit/

 G@

u! *+,ivw! pq! xyz{
 |d*+}GQ~! G *+,i*+01`a, G 9%rs)  k +, ! Y K`aA c0d B a bc0de! c0dk ++ 9%rspqL*+, b
c0de  ORP-pH ijG `a A

Fig. +, Relationship between ORP and pH in the hotspring waters and their disinfected bath waters(see Fig. ++).
 and  : origins in the hot spring waters of Aand B (see Table +), respectively,  and  : thebath waters disinfected the hot spring waters of Aand B, respectively.

7.¬­8Table + Types and components of the hot spring waters« Hot spring water of« Hot spring water ofCa ῍ Na-Cl type (A)Na-Cl ῍ HCO- type (B) B +,     !"#$%&'()* ++ ,-    .
/01234"+ 5,
*
6+1

++'7.

89ῌ:;<= >?@A BCDE FC()*+-1'7.G &HE(  &B I &JKL;1BCMN)OP&'7*,-Q-,R  .

 A  B $%2)

FSTUG  !" 6"-
FVWUG  FXYUG+ Z[1\)* +"-OP,- BCDEBC]^_`Fig. +- Relationship between ORP and pH in hot
spring waters treated the apparatus for productionof electrolyzed-reduced water.
X and Y : the bath waters of A and B treated theapparatus for production of electrolyzed-reduced
water, respectively, V, W, S, and T : see theﬁgure captions in Fig. +,.

abc  6"- de7+ fg * 6"h ij:;<=1().  kl((). mnfg *opqr stuvwxyz 1 {|}~^& +  , Ai *.,*.. ppm

+  ( + 12* 6+1 +&7)  ;a  &BCDE&7A  M1897A&bc( {~^&K7+ 1 . /012 &K;7+ fg * (,(  ¡¢\£¤   ~^&¥¦§¨©x2 R+ 12"ª  ¥ $% 2 . /034"

] /- ¼ k,**-l(OFh% = 9         !"# $% &
2 3$45

 '()*"+ $ ,-./01*24 78 9: ;+6* <=> $6 $ 7?@ *!" ;+  #AB
7?'(8#$%#CDE& +FG H/ῌ ῍ ῐ ῏ ῎IJ -.KLM'N(O)# #(O *PQ +Q# ,R-)#./0#ST
242X

/0U  +Q1*V+RWR#R-

24 345YZ#(O67#:

+[(O#)



=\] 89:;?<=ORP > ORP 24?^ <=_2`@AB:*aCbc#Dd+e IJD[+(O#E f# :g Z
B#Fh =aCV[ (O/0#  '( #GH:# #i 3ῒῑIJKj k,***l : (OmL EnM nNOPQ Ro -*ῌ-/.
pSqr sTUt B. Rabolt VuvWX wUxy YzyZ k,**+l : {1|}-.K4
[\ R ] 2 8BK~" ,2ῌ,3.
^^_ u`ab cdE efgh k,**+l : {1|}(OZR ] 2 8B
K~" 00ῌ01.
iajE Y k lmn oUj pqr k+332l : Ks =(  .2 ,3ῌ-/.
iajE tY  uZ efj pqr v  k+333l : _2`<=
 ORP k(lpH   .3 /3ῌ0..

iajE tY  efj pqr k,***l : w- ORP

pH  

 /* 3.ῌ+*+.
iajE xiy izG {|j S}~ v_ |G k,**,l : w2ῌ  ¡ , r:¢% =  /, +,ῌ+3.
v k,***l : 2£BB¤ ¥¦& §¨ 1. 33.ῌ332.
Shirahata, S., Kabayama, S., Nakano, M., Miura, T., Kusumoto, K., Gotoh, M., Hayashi, H.,
Otsubo, K., Morisawa, Y. and Katakura, Y. (+331) : Electrolyzed-reduced water scavenges
active oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage, Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Comms., ,-., ,03ῌ,1..

4©IJ k+33-l : ª«¬­N®  . E;¯IJ
k°l4©IJ Ro -/ῌ0+.

±E ²{  o} ³}  ´^µ 4¶ y k,**+l : ·¸¹
º$[»ºZ  §¨ 1/ 003ῌ01+.