THE CONTINGENCY PLAN AND
TRAINING OF RELATED PERSONNEL IN INDONESIA(OIL INDUSTRY’S EXPERIENCES)
Max Maloringan, Head of Corporate Center for Environment Protection, PERTAMINA

ABSTRACTThis presentation will focus on oil spill contingency plans in oil and gas industries’asrelated to experiences in Indonesia. This paper will further describe the relationshipand roles of the Government and other related parties.
1.

Indonesia’s Marine Oil Spill Contingency Plan covers response strategy andcapabilities in handling marine oil spill incidents or disasters with special
considerations in respect to the following facts:‐ Its’strategic location, as shipping traffic lanes, connecting Europe, Africa,
the Middle East, Australia, Southeast Asia with the Far East, the Pacificand America‐ Archipelagic country having approximately 81,000 kilometers of coast‐lines and more than 17,000 islands‐ Its’location around the equator with richness of marine ecological values‐ High potential for navigational or sea‐traffic hazards and vulnerabilities‐ Inadequacies of infrastructures (remoteness) and resources2

Sustainable development is the Guiding Principle for development inIndonesia.Refering to this principle, Indonesia, being an active Member ofinternational Maritime Organization (IMO), has adopted IMO’s Conventions
and Resolutions, as well as, other related international parties in thecontinuation of safeguarding marine environments; prevent pollution andpreparedness to combat, if necessary, marine oil spill incidents or disasters.
Likewise, on the National side, efforts had been made to achieve the same
objective by: enacting regulations, establishing programs and procedures, aswell as. enhancement of the capabilities in preparedness and response.
Cooperation, within the national framework, regional and international levels,
have been developed to strengthen cooperations between the Government,
industries and other relevant Agencies.

1

3.

Contingency Planning and Oil Spill Response training is focussed on:‐ availability of trained personnel in Pertamina facilities throughout theCountry.
‐ Enhancement of local capabilities with adequate oil spill response
equipment
and trained personnel.
According to Pertamina’s specific operational needs and requirements, training
was conducted in‐country (in Indonesia) and abroad. Normally, these training
sessions included actual exercises for the participants.

2PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION OF JAPANOIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM IITOKYO, JAPAN : 4 ‐ 5 MARCH, 1996

THE CONTINGENCY PLAN AND
TRAINING OF RELATED PERSONNELIN INDONESIA(OIL INDUSTRY'S EXPERIENCES)PRESENTED BY
MAX MALORINGANPERTAMINA, INDONESIA

00‐PA J‐0396

THE CONTINGENCY PLAN AND
TRAINING OF RELATED PERSONNEL IN INDONESIA(OIL INDUSTRY’S EXPERIENCES) *)1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1.

BACKGROUND
The preparedness in response to marine oil spill incidents or disasters inIndonesia should consider the following facts;- its strategic location as shipping traffic lanes, connecting Europe, Africa, theMiddle East, Australia, Southeast Asia with the Far East, the Pacific andAmerica- as an archipelagic country, with widespread areas covering approximately
81,000 kilometers of coast‐lines and more than 17,000 islands- its location around the equator with richness of marine ecological values- strategic sea ‐ lane with high potential for navigational or sea ‐ traffic
hazards

and their vulnerabilities- inadequacies of infrastructures (remoteness) and resources(Please refer to map at Appendix I‐1 and I‐2)
Sustainable development is the Guiding Principle for development in Indonesia.
Refering to this principle, as a Member of International Maritime Organization(IMO), Indonesia had adopted IMO Conventions or Resolutions as well as otherrelevant International Agencies to participate in the continuing strives tosafeguard the marine environments: prevent pollution and prepare to combat,
if necessary, if there is marine oil spill incident or disaster.
Likewise, on the National frameworks, efforts had been made to achieve thesame objective by enacting regulations, procedures, programmes as well as
improving and developing the capacity building in preparedness and response.
Cooperations within the national framework, regional and international levels
have been developed to strengthen partnership between the Government,industries or other relevant Agencies.

1.2.

SCOPE

1

This presentation will explain the above topic focussing on the oil and gas industries*
experiences in Indonesia and its relationship with the Government and other relatedparties networks.
*)

Presented at the Oil Spill Symposium ‐ Petroleum Association of Japan, Tokyo ‐ March 4‐
5, 1996**) Pertamina staff ‐ Marine Environment Specialist ‐ Corporate Center for Environment
Protection and Work Safety Affairs

22.

CONTINGENCY PLANNING

2.1.

PERTAMINA CONTINGENCY PLANNING
2.1.1. Pertamina Operations
As the State Oil and Gas Enterprise of Indonesia, Pertamina has theresponsibility to manage the safe ‐ conduct of pollution control from heractivities. Pertamina manage and operate the oil and gas activities with herpartners through various arrangements, i.e. Production Sharing Contract(PSC), Joint Operation Agreement (JOA) and others.
Presently, the oil and gas activities in Indonesia covering the following
operations:Up‐stream(Appendix II ‐ 1)
28 main onshore production facilities
12 main offshore production facilities with 414 plafforms
7 main gas production facilities
with more prospects either onshore or offshore including
NatunaDown‐stream (Appendix II ‐ 2)
8 refineries with total capacity of : 980 MBSD
6 petrochemical plants
7 gas plants including 2 LNG (with 12 trains)
Distribution(Appendix II ‐ 3)
86 seafed depots (for products)
22 inland depots (also for products)
48 depots supporting airports fuel supplies

Marine transportation : (Appendix II ‐ 4)
160 units of tankers and vessels
128 terminals (from 3,000 to 150,000 tons capacity, with SBMs
up to 250,000 tons capacity)34 locations for ship to ship transfer
2.1.2. Policy and Purpose of Pertamina’s Contingency Planning (CP)The Tier CP Concepts policies in Pertamina have considered the following
criteria and requirements:‐

Company’s general objectives and policies with specific focus onenvironment protection‐

effectiveness and efficiency of Company’s operational activities‐

strategy and speed of mobilization and access‐priorities of sensitive areas which vulnerable to potential damage on
marine ecology and resources‐

coordination and partnership with related outside resources, either
Government Agencies, lnstitutions, private sectors etc.

From Pertamina operational point of views, the following marine areas areclassified as vulnerable:‐

Malacca and Singapore straits‐

Java Sea, particularly the western portion‐

South China Sea, southern portion, around Natuna islands‐

Makassar straits and Sulawesi sea‐

Java south coast in the vicinity of Cilacap, Lombok and Madura straits‐

Rupat and Bangka straits in Sumatera‐

Navigable rivers for tankers, i.e. : Musi, Siak, Mahakam‐

Navigation channels around Sorong, Irian Jayaetc.

2.1.3. Pertamina (lndustry)’s Contingency Planning (CP)The Tiered response capabilities prepared and assigned in Pertamina
operations are referring to the common international practices, i.e. IMO ‐IPIECA guidelines:
Tier 1prepared for individual local incident

Tier 2 ‐prepared for local incident but may cover or assist other Pertamina
activities in several provinces or areas

4

Tier 3 ‐for Pertamina corporate
Tanjung Priok, the harbour of Jakarta had been designated and prepared forTier 3 capability.
This capability also include the provisions of : expertise, communications.
There are nine (9) Tier 2 stations scattered throughout the country to cover
Pertamina/partners operational locations:(1)

Pangkalan Brandan (North Sumatera) which also cover the northern partof Malacca Strait(2)

Dumai (Riau, approximately at central part of Sumatera) which alsocover(3)

theSambu (Riau, close to Batam island) which may assist Singapore Strait,as(4)

southern part of Malacca Strait

well as activities in the Natuna Islands area

Tanjung Priok/Jakarta which also act as Tier 3 Response capability for
National coverage(5)

Cilacap (Central Java, southern coast) which may assist Lombok Strait

5

(6)

Surabaya (East Java) which also covers Bali and the rest of Lesser Sundaarchipelago(7)

Balikpapan (East Kalimantan) which may cover the northern portion ofMakassar Strait and Sulawesi Sea(8)

Ujungpandang (South Sulawesi) which may cover the southern part ofMakassar Strait and some portion of eastern Indonesia(9)

Sorong (Irian Jaya) for the activities in Irian Jaya and Maluku

Appendix III illustrates the schematic relationships among these tier concepts.
The Organization, Notification networks are as follows:
Tier 3 Network:
Senior Vice President responsible for Shipping, Harbour and Communication isresponsible to Coordinate the Company’s Corporate Tier 3 CP. He or she will be
the Incident Commander and report to the President Director
The Tier 3 Organization and Notification charts are given in Appendix IV‐1
and 2.
Tier 2 Network:
The Unit General Manager at the Tier 2 locations described above is assigned
as the Tier 2 Incident Commander for the respective Tier 2 location. TheShipping, Harbour and Communication Manager is assigned as the On Scene
Commander. The organization as well as notification charts are shown inAppendix V‐1 and 2.
Tier 1 Network:
The Manager at each site or location/terminal is assigned as the Incident
Commander for the designated of the Tier I respectively. The Shipping,
Harbour and Communication Manager is assigned as the On Scene
Commander. The organization chart is shown in Appendix VI.

2.2.

Relationship between the Government and Industry’s Contingency

6Planning
2.2.1. Policy and Legal Aspects
The basic principles of responsibility is the same as internationallyaccepted principles, i.e.: “polluters pay and strict liability”.
Therefore, Pertamina will take initiative and play more active role for action, if
the incident is involving her and/or her partners* concern and interests.

7

Indonesia had ratified and adopted the following IMO conventions (related tomarine pollution prevention and abatement):‐

Civil Liability Convention, CLC, 1969‐

International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (IOPCF), 1971‐

MARPOL 1973/Protocol 1978, Annex I and II‐

SOLAS, 1972‐

IMO Resolution, i.e. Traffic Separation Schemes, etc.

Other conventions are under consideration for possible ratification in future:‐London Dumping Convention, 1972‐

MARPOL 1973/Protocol 1978, Annex Ill, IV and V‐

OPRO Convention, 1990‐

CLC Protocol, 1984/1992

2.2.2. Linkages to the Government CP
National Coverage
The relationship between the Government coordinated CP S and the industry,i.e. Pertamina and her partners is the same : The Government Official is theCoordinator while Pertamina is the Supporting Agency (see Appendix VII).
When we consider the following possible alternatives of party or parties
concerned and responsible in the marine oil spill incident or casualties, thenthe share of responsibilities as drafted in the various contingency planning inIndonesia are:Party(ies)interest or respon‐sible in the incident

Intiative of
Pertamina
action by :1. Government

Government

Coordinationrole:
Government

Pertamina
supporting #2. Others

3. Pertamina or partner

The party concern Government
or/and Govt.

supporting #Pertamina on

Pertamina

8

Pertamina

Pertamina/

4. Regional or International

and partner

then Government partner have

Government

Government

Pertamina
supporting #Remark:# if requested by the Government and/or the responsible party concerned

9Each of the Government Agencies or Port/Terminal operation have or will havetheir individual Contingency Plan (CP). It will be either tier I or tier 2, while for
the National coverage is the tier 3.
As explained earlier, Pertamina and her partners (industries) also have theirown individual terminal or harbour’s CP, either tier I or tier 2 and for
Pertamina’s coporate (company’s) coverage national wide is tier 3.
Each tier of the industry’s OP have been arranged in such a way that it can beslotted into the Government’s coordination OP, when needed.
The industry’s Incident Commander (IC) or On Scene Commander (OSC) will
be seconded to the Government, either as Deputy or Resource persons. Thesupervisors, operators will be attached to individual task according to theirassignments. The experts will assist the IC or OSC as resource persons.

Regional / International Coverage
The priciple is the same : Government, the Coordinator and the industry is theSupporting Agency.
The ASEAN Oil Spill Response Action Plan (ASEAN OSRAP) is the official
regional mutual-assistances Contingency Planning document, officially agreed
upon after the completion of signing of its Memorandum of Understanding(MOU) on January 24, 1 994. This is an official Government document and isthe umbrella guideline for mutual assistances among the ASEAN countries inthe marine oil spill incident or disaster (see Appendix VIII).
The ASEAN Oil and Gas Industries (mostly State owned) have their own
regional association i.e. ASEAN Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE). This
association also have established a cooperative agreement for mutual
assistances in the marine oil spill accident. The document is the ASCOPE Planfor the Control and Mitigation of Marine Pollution (APCMMP) and was agreed
upon on November 1993. This is an industries arrangement of co-operation.
The co-existence of these two documents have been questioned within theASCOPE Association. The understanding is that : the ASEAN OSRAP is10

organized by the Government (umbrella) and APCMMP by the industry.
The Government have more coordinative authority and wide coverage of areas,concern and priorities. The industry has a more focussed priority andspecialization in the oil spill area, therefore these two cooperations is
supplementary to each other.
The relationship in National framework is shown in Appendix IX

113.

EQUIPMENT STOCKPILE BASE
Pertamina had and will continue to develop the stockpiling of equipments in
her terminals and facilities as required.
The Tier 2 and Tier 3 locations have been provided and equipped with marine
oil spill equipments. At most of the Tier 1 locations serving tankers of > 6.000
dwt tons and at locations with sensitive environments, the ESB had also been
installed. The question is : are they adequately prepared to response or not.
This remain a difficult question. The present effort is to gradually assess thepotential risks and condition and then enhance the availability of resources
accordingly.
The former practice was to avail tier 1 terminals with oil booms (2 x LOA oflargest tanker calling at that terminal), skimmer (depend on the type of oil
handled), dispersant sprayers, pumps, sorbent and others with adequate
quantity/capacity.
It is obvious that tier 2 stations are better equipped, to include open‐sea
booms/skimmers and so is the tier 3 ESB
Within the Indonesian national network, Pertamina is one of the Supporting
Agency. Under the Government umbrella, Pertamina is actively involved in themarine oil spill cooperations or arrangements.
One of the obvious example is, under the OSPAR Programme with the Japanese
Government. In 1993 ‐ 1995, the ASEAN Countries received marine oil spill
equipments assistances from Japan (under spirit of the IMO OPRC Convention,
1990 on cooperation and partnership). The Indonesian Government had asked
Pertamina to store and maintain these equipments ( hardwares : i.e. oil-booms,
skimmers, oil-bags etc.), and they have been stored in Balikpapan, East
Kalimantan (its location is facing Makassar Strait).

4.

TRAINING AND EXERCISE

4.1.

Training
The policy for training is to provide sufficient human resources capable toorganize, mobilize, handle the emergency responses for marine oil spillthroughout the Company’s area of operations.

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The training given to Pertamina personnel are:-Environment in general : to give knowledge about environmental
background,protection :relation

withpetroleum

activities

andenvironment

for managers, supervisors, operators (different level ofcourses/training). Materials on Marine pollution are included as part of thesecourses.
-Marine pollution and contingency given as part of the materials in a specificcourse, i.e. for Shipping or Harbour for Managers level or supervisors andsenior operators. Under the ASCOPE cooperations, these particular subject
were or are discussed in seminars or workshops.

-Special course on marine pollution and/or contingency planning:
For the operators: in average 3 or 4 courses annually with 25 to 30
participants
Supervisors (Junior), in average 1 or 2 courses a year with 20 to 24
participants
Managers or Senior Supervisors : tailor made course in cooperation withoutside Institutes, depend on demand.
During these Special Course, exercises on marine pollution or contingency
planning are conducted. Participants from the Government, i.e. Sea
Communications, Oil and Gas Directorate General or other related
Agencies are also attending.
Managers, Senior Supervisors : usually participate at special courses
abroad,i.e. Japan, USA, UK, France, Norway or Singapore (EARL : East Asia
ResponseLimited).

Pertamina

have

sent

more

than40managers/supervisors to the CP Course conducted by EARL in Singapore
during 1993 to date and it is an ongoing effort.
The Multi-National-Companies (MNC) as the partners of Pertamina,
operating in Indonesia, also sent their personnel to the above mentioned
courses or otherwise within their Headquarters inhouse training.

4.2.

Exercises

13

The policy for exercises is to train and familiarize the personnel designated orassigned in the contingency planning in order they will be capable to carry on
their assignments effectively, quickly and efficiently.
For tier 1 exercises, it is initiated and executed by Local Management, usually
carried out : twice a year for dry exercises and once a year for wet exercises.
These are not a standard procedure, but a recommendation.
For tier 2 exercise, usually carried out to-gether with one of the we exercise fortier 1 , once every two year while for tier 3 will depend on the requirements
either from the Government or the Company. It is usually once every two year,
combined with one of the tier 2 exercises. It may be initiated by the Local
Management or The Directorate for Shipping, Harbour and Communications inJakarta.
The other tier 2 or even tier 3 exercises include the Malacca Strait Revolving
Fund involving : Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia (for the western part) or
the Sulawesi Sea Network involving The Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia(for the eastern part) under the Government Coordinations.
There have been two exercises utilizing the OSPAR equipments in Balikpapan
carried out in 1994 and 1995 respectively.
There are exercises carried out by the MNC’s coordinating their areas inSoutheast Asia, the Far East and Australia. This kind of exercise is categorized
as Tier 3.
Table top exercises are included as dry exercises, which will be developed to be
more effective in future.
The other prospects are to conduct training and exercises which will comply toand conform with IMO official standards.

5.

CONCLUSIONThe CP, training and exercises relating to marine oil spill had been developed

14and established in Pertamina organization and operations. They are on goingprocesses which will be maintained, improve and develop continually.
The spirit in the IMO OPRC Convention as well as Rio de Janeiro UNCED IIAgenda 21 on building of partnerships had also been developed andmaintained.

15