(13) ࠗࡦ࠼ߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂ߩ࿖ౝ⊛ታᣉߣ↢‛⾗Ḯࠕࠢ࠮ࠬⷙ೙ 1. ⢛᥊㧦ᣣᧄߣࠗࡦ࠼ߣߩࡃࠗࠝ㑐ㅪಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ⾏ᤃ㑐ଥ
1993 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂㧔CBD: Convention of Biological Diversity㧕1⊒ലએ᧪‫ࠗޔ‬ࡦ࠼ߪߘߩ࿖ౝ⊛ታᣉភ⟎ߣߒߡ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ┙ᴺភ⟎ࠍၫߞߡ߈ߚ2‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬
2002 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦน᳿ᚑ┙ߒߚ‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈᴺ㧔BDA: the Biological Diversity Act㧕‫߇ޠ‬᜼ߍࠄ
ࠇࠆ3‫ ߩߎޕ‬BDA ߣ޿߁ᴺᓞߪਥߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ߩ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ᯏ㑐‫ޔ‬ડᬺ╬ߦࠃࠆ↢‛ㆮવ⾗Ḯਗ߮ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⍮⼂߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߣ‫⾗ࠄࠇߎޔ‬Ḯ߿⍮⼂ߩ૶↪߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ೑⋉ߩ㈩ಽߩⷙ೙ࠍߘߩ
ౝኈߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠗࡦ࠼ߩ⚻ᷣߪ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕ 7ޯ9%ߩ㜞޿ᚑ㐳₸ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߡ߈ߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᚑ㐳ߩⷐ࿃ߪ‫߿ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޔ‬IT ߥߤ㊀ὐ↥ᬺ߳ߩᒝൻߦ޽ࠆ‫↥ࠝࠗࡃߩ࠼ࡦࠗޕ‬ᬺߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߪੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࠗࡦࡈ࡜ߩ᭴▽‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ⵬ഥ㊄╬ฦ⒳ߩࡃࠗࠝ↥ᬺᝄ⥝╷ࠍታᣉߒߡ߈ߚ4‫⾗‛↢ޕ‬Ḯߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߩ࠻࠶ࡊ 12 ߩࡔࠟ࠳ࠗࡃࠪ࠹ࠖ࡯࿖ኅߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆࠗࡦ࠼ߪ‫⥄ޔ‬࿖ߩ⼾ንߥ↢‛ㆮવ⾗Ḯߩឭଏ࿖ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ડᬺ╬ߣߩ౒ห⎇ⓥ⺞ᩏ߿໡ᬺ⊛೑↪╬ࠍㅢߓߡ‫‛↢ޔ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯߩ೑↪ߩଦㅴࠍડ࿑ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2. ࠗࡦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ㆮવ⾗Ḯߩᴺ⊛ⷙ೙ߣߒߡ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᴺߣᣉⴕⷙೣߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ ߪߢ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬CBD ߩ࿖ౝ⊛ታᣉߩߚ߼ߦࠗࡦ࠼ߩ↢‛⾗Ḯߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߣ೑⋉㈩ಽߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖ౝᴺߣߒߡ BDA ࠍ 2002 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦ೙ቯߒ‫ ߩߘߦࠄߐޔ‬2 ᐕᓟߩ 2004 ᐕ4 ᦬ߦߪߘߩታᣉߩߚ߼ᚻ⛯߈ⷙೣߣߒߡ‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈⷙೣ㧔Biological Diversity Rules
2004㧕‫⊒ࠍޠ‬ലߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬BDA ߣߘߩታᣉⷙೣߦࠃߞߡㆇ↪ߐࠇࠆߎߩᴺ೙ᐲߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯ߿㑐ㅪߔࠆવ⛔⊛⍮⼂߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬⷙ೙ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ࡑࠬࡃޔࡓ࡯࠾ޔࠢ࠶࡝ࡔ࡯࠲ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬࠹ࠖ☨ߣ޿ߞߚࠗࡦ࠼࿕᦭⒳ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡃࠗࠝࡄࠗ࡜ࠪ࡯㧔Bio-Piracy:↢‛ቇ⊛෼ᅓⴕὑ㧕ࠍ⢛᥊ߣߒߡ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯ߽ౝኈߣߒߡ޿ࠆ5‫ ߩߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬2 ߟߩᢥᦠߦࠃࠆᴺ೙ᐲߩ․╩⠪㧦ᦨ㚂ᄥ㇢㧔⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ᳓↥ᄢቇᩞ ᳓↥ᵹㅢ⚻༡ቇ⑼ ⻠Ꮷ)1992 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦ⊒ലߒߚᄙᢙ࿖㑆ⅣႺ଻⼔᧦⚂ߩ৻ߟ‫‛↢ޕ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߣߘߩ೑↪߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ೑⋉ߩ౏ᱜဋⴧᐔߥ㈩ಽࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫‛↢߼ߚߩ⊛⋡ߩߎޕ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖ኅߩਥᮭ⊛ᮭ೑ࠍⷙቯߒ‫ߦࠇߎޔ‬ၮߠ߈‫⾗ޔ‬Ḯឭଏ࿖஥ߪ↢‛ㆮવ⾗Ḯࠕࠢ࠮ࠬਗ߮ߦ೑⋉㈩ಽߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖ౝߩ┙ᴺភ⟎ࠍၫߞߡ߈ߚ‫‛↢ޕ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯߩᴺ⊛࿾૏ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ᜕Ⓜ‫ޟ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯߩⷙ೙ߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో̅࿖ㅪߩⅣႺ᡽╷ߦ߅ߌࠆⅣႺߣ㐿⊒ߩ⋧స̅‫ޠ‬㧔࿖㓙ㅪวߩ⚗੎੍㒐࡮⸃᳿ᯏ⢻㧕㧔Ყセᴺ⎇ⓥᚲ⎇ⓥฌᦠ 57㧕╙ 7 ┨ pp.223-251‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 14 ᐕ 4 ᦬‫ޔ‬ਛᄩᄢቇ಴ㇱ㧕ࠍෳᾖߖࠃ‫ޕ‬2 ࠗࡦ࠼᡽ᐭߪ↢‛ㆮવ⾗Ḯߦ߆߆ࠊࠆࠗࡦ࠼ߩ࿖⋉ࠍ଻⼔ߒ‫ޔ‬వㅴ࿖஥ߩ․⸵೙ᐲߦࠃࠆࡃࠗࠝࡄࠗ࡜ࠪ࡯ࠍ㒐ᱛ‫ޔ‬ᛥ೙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬3 ߟߩᴺ᩺ࠍน᳿ᚑ┙ߐߖߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߪࠄࠇߘޕ‬1999 ᐕߩ․⸵ᴺᡷᱜ᩺㧔the PatentsAmendment Bill㧕‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕߦ೙ቯߐࠇߚᬀ‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻⼔࡮ㄘ᳃ᴺ㧔the Plant Variety Protection and Farmer’sRights Act㧕‫ ߡߒߘޔ‬2002 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦน᳿ᚑ┙ߒߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᴺ㧔BDA: the Biological Diversity Act㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
3 BDA ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ᜕Ⓜ‫⼏࠼ࡦࠗޟ‬ળਔ㒮ߦࠃࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᴺߩน᳿—࿖⋉଻⼔ߣᄖ࿖ߦࠃࠆࡃࠗࠝࡄࠗ࡜ࠪ࡯㒐ᱛ
ߩߚ߼ߩᴺᢛ஻—‫ޠ‬‫ࠬࡦࠛࠗࠨࠝࠗࡃޔ‬㧒ࠗࡦ࠳ࠬ࠻࡝࡯‫ ޔ‬vol.161 No.7 2003 ࠍෳᾖߖࠃ‫ޕ‬
4 2007 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 21 ᣣ‫ ࡦࡄࡖࠫࠝࠗࡃޔ‬2007㧔ࡄࠪࡈࠖࠦᮮᵿ㧕‫⾗‛↢ޔ‬Ḯ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ‫⾗‛↢ߩࠕࠫࠕޟ‬Ḯᚢ⇛̆Ꮒ┥࡮ਛ࿖෸߮Ꮒ⽎࡮ࠗࡦ࠼ߣᣣᧄߩ౒ᩕߩࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ‫ޠ‬‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ↥ᬺ⋭౎ጊᐘม᳁ߩ⻠Ṷ‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖࡮ࠗࡦ࠼ߣㅪ៤ߒߡ⋡ᜰߔᚒ߇࿖ࡃࠗࠝ↥ᬺߩ⊒ዷ‫ࠅࠃޠ‬ᒁ↪‫ޕ‬
5 ․⸵ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕߦ․⸵ᴺࠍᡷቯߒ‫⾗‛↢ߩ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬Ḯࠍ↪޿ߚ․⸵಴㗿ߦ㓙ߒߡߪߘߩ↢‛⚛᧚෸߮વ1ᓽߩ৻ߟߦ‫ޔ‬࿖ኅ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ 3 Ბ㓏ߩ᭴ㅧߢߩ↢‛⾗Ḯߩⷙ೙▤ℂᣇᑼߣ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ਛᄩ᡽ᐭ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ‫ޟ‬࿖ኅ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ✚ዪ㧔NBA: National Biodiversity Authority㧕‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ታ૕ࠍ߽ߞߚᯏ㑐ߩሽ࿷߇޽ࠆ6‫ޕ‬

3.↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᴺߩታᣉᯏ㑐ߣߒߡߩNBAߩᯏ⢻BDA ߩታᣉߩߚ߼ߩᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛᄩ᡽ᐭ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢഃ⸳ߐࠇߚ NBA ߪࠗࡦ࠼ධㇱߩ໡ᬺㇺᏒ࠴ࠚࡦ࠽ࠗߦߘߩᧄㇱࠍ⟎߈‫⼏ޔ‬㐳 1 ฬ‫ޔ‬⡯ᮭࡔࡦࡃ࡯10 ฬ╬‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ࡔࡦࡃ࡯5 ฬߢ᭴ᚑߐ
ࠇ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ਛᄩ᡽ᐭߦࠃߞߡછ๮ߐࠇࠆ㧔BDA ╙ 8 ᧦㧕‫ޕ‬⡯ᮭࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ‫ޔ‬᫪ᨋ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴‫ޔ‬ᶏᵗ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺදജ‫ޔ‬ක≮╬ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆ⋭ᐡઍ⴫‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈಽ㊁ߩኾ㐷ኅ࡮⑼ቇ⠪‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ⇇ઍ⴫‫⾗‛↢ޔ‬Ḯ଻ో⠪‫⾗‛↢ޔ‬Ḯ㑐ㅪ⍮⼂଻᦭⠪ࠍ฽߻㧔╙ 8 ᧦㧕‫ޕ‬ࠗࡦ࠼ᢛℂ౏ௌၮ㊄߆ࠄߩᡰ಴ࠍ⽷Ḯߣߒ㧔╙ 17 ᧦㧕‫ޔ‬ᓟㅀ 4 ߦ޽ࠆ↳⺧ߦኻߔࠆክᩏ‫ޔ‬ᛚ⹺ࠍ⡯ോߣߔࠆ‫⾗ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Ḯࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߣ೑⋉㈩ಽߩߚ߼ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆᮭ㒢߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔╙ 18 ᧦㧕‫ߢ࠼ࡦࠗޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ขᓧߒߚ↢‛⾗Ḯ߿ߎࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⍮⼂ߦ㑐ߒߡࠗࡦ࠼એᄖߩ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭઃਈߦኻ᛫ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥᚻᲑ䉕䈫䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎㧔╙ 18 ᧦㧕7‫ޕ‬
4. ᴺ೙ᐲታᣉએᓟߩ↳⺧଀NBA߇ขࠅᛒ߁⸵น↳⺧ߪᰴߩ4ߟߦಽߌࠄࠇ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ታᣉⷙೣߦⷙቯߐࠇࠆ↳⺧᭽ᑼ㧔Form㧕ߦᓥ߁߽ߩߣߐࠇࠆ‫⺧↳ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ᛚ⹺଀ࠍ㘃ဳൻߔࠆߣᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬(1) Form I ဳ㧦⎇ⓥ⺞ᩏ෶ߪ໡ᬺ⋡⊛ߩ↢‛⾗Ḯࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ↳⺧䋨BDA ╙ 3 ᧦ 1 㗄㩷 ⷙೣ╙ 14 ᧦䋩޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ‫ޠ‬
㧔BDA ╙ 3 ᧦ 2 㗄ߦ޿߁ࠗࡦ࠼౏᳃ߢߥ޿߽ߩ‫౏࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬᳃ߢ޽ߞߡ㕖ዬ૑⠪㧕߇ࠗࡦ࠼ߢ↥ߔࠆ↢‛⾗Ḯ߹ߚߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⍮⼂ߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᣉⴕⷙೣ 14᧦╙ 1 㗄ߦၮߠ߈ NBA ߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬᛚ⹺ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣉⴕⷙೣታᣉએᓟ 2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬߹ߢߩߣߎࠈᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ↳⺧ઙᢙߪ 15 ࠍᢙ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬วᗧ✦⚿ߐࠇߚ଀ߪ 7 ઙߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚻ⛯߈ㅜਛߢ↳⺧᠗࿁ߐࠇߚ଀ߪ 27 ઙߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ᐕᐔဋ 6‫ޔ‬
7 ઙߩ↳⺧ࠍฃߌ‫ ߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬35.7%߇ᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖೎↳⺧ᢙߩᲧセߢߪ‫࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬ࡦࠞ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ‫ ࠇߙࠇߘ߇ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔࠦࠚ࠴ޔࠕ࡝࡜࠻ࠬ࡯ࠝޔ‬1 ઙߢ޽ࠆߩኻߒߡ‫ ߇ࠬࠗࠬޔ‬2⛔⊛⍮⼂ߩ಴ᚲ㐿␜ࠍ⟵ോൻߒߚ‫ޕ‬National Conference on Agrobiodiversity February 12-15 2006, pp. 4-5
6 CBD ߩ࿖ౝ⊛ታᣉߩߚ߼ߩ┙ᴺភ⟎ߩ଀ߪ‫ޔ‬CBD ⊒ലᒰೋߩࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦߩᄢ⛔㗔઎╙ 247 ภ߆ࠄㄭᐕߩࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕߩᎺᴺߩ଀߹ߢᢙᄙ޿߇‫ߡߴߔߪࠄࠇߘޔ‬㑐ㅪ⋭ᐡ㑆ߩⴕ᡽೙ᐲ਄ߩሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠅ‫߁ࠃࠆ⷗ߦ଀ߩ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ߥታ૕⊛ᯏ㑐ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬
7 ઁᣇߢ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪᎺ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⹏⼏ળ㧔SBB: State Biodiversity Boards㧕߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ‫⼏ޕ‬㐳 1 ฬ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ᡽ᐭ߇છ๮ߔࠆᎺ᡽ᐭߩ㑐ଥㇱዪࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ⡯ᮭࡔࡦࡃ࡯5 ฬએౝਗ߮ߦ‫⾗ޔ‬Ḯ೑↪‫ޔ‬೑⋉㈩ಽߦ㑐ߔࠆኾ㐷ኅ 5 ฬએౝߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ㧔╙ 22 ᧦㧕‫ޕ‬SBB ߪࠗࡦ࠼ੱߦࠃࠆ໡ᬺ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߩㆮવ⾗Ḯ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ੐㗄ߦߟ޿ߡᛚ⹺ᮭ㒢ࠍ᦭ߒ㧔╙ 23 ᧦㧕‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪‫ⴧޔ‬ᐔߥ೑⋉㈩ಽߦ෻ߔࠆᵴേࠍⷙ
೙ߔࠆ㧔╙ 24 ᧦㧕‫ޕ‬SBB ߪᎺᢛℂ౏ௌၮ㊄߆ࠄߩᡰ಴ߦࠃߞߡㆇ༡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ▤ℂᆔຬળ㧔BMC: Biodiversity Management Committees㧕߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߡߴߔޕ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪෸߮ᢥᦠൻ㧔documentation㧕ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬BMC ࠍߘߩ࿾ၞౝߦ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ
޿ࠆ㧔╙ 41 ᧦㧕‫ޕ‬ઙ‫ ߇࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬3 ઙ‫ ߇ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔ‬9 ઙߢ޽ࠅ‫⓭߇ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔ‬಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬(2) Form II ဳ㧦⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߩ⒖ォ↳⺧㧔BDA ╙ 4 ᧦ 1 㗄‫ⷙޔ‬ೣ╙ 17 ᧦㧕૗ੱ߽‫ޟ‬㕖ࠗࡦ࠼ੱ㧔ࠗࡦ࠼౏᳃ߢߥ޿⠪‫౏࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬᳃ߢ޽ߞߡ㕖ዬ૑⠪㧕‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ᯏ㑐ߦኻߒߡࠗࡦ࠼↥ߩ↢‛⾗Ḯߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ㊄㌛⊛ኻଔࠍ߽ߞߡ⒖ォߔࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬NBA ߩᛚ⹺ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣉⴕⷙೣታᣉએᓟ 2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬߹ߢߩߣߎࠈᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ↳⺧ઙᢙߪ 4 ઙࠍᢙ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬วᗧ✦⚿ߐࠇߚ଀ߪ 4 ઙߢ‫߇ߡߴߔߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬วᗧߐࠇߚߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬2007 ᐕᐲએ㒠ߩ↳⺧଀ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬(3) Form III ဳ㧦⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭ↳⺧⸵น㧔BDA ╙ 6 ᧦ 1 㗄‫ⷙޔ‬ೣ╙ 18 ᧦㧕↢‛⾗Ḯߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬೑↪߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ೑⋉߇ⴧᐔߦ㈩ಽߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬BDA 6 ᧦ߪߎߩේೣࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫࠼ࡦࠗޕ‬ߩ࿖ౝᄖࠍ໧ࠊߕࠗࡦ࠼ߢ⊒⷗ߐࠇߚ↢‛⾗Ḯߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߽ߒߊߪᖱႎߦၮߠߊ޽ࠄࠁࠆ⊒᣿ߦኻߒߡ޿߆ߥࠆᒻᘒߩ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ↳⺧ࠍડ࿑ߔࠆ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬NBA ߦࠃࠆ੐೨ߩ⸵นࠍᓧߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬NBA ߪ⸵นࠍઃਈߔࠆઍࠊࠅߦ‫ޔ‬೑⋉㈩ಽ߽ߒߊߪ‫ޔ࡯ࠖ࠹࡞ࡗࠗࡠޔ‬޽ࠆ޿ߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥᮭ೑ߩ໡ᬺ⊛೑↪߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ㊄㌛⊛೑⋉ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᧦ઙࠍ⺖ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈
ࠆ‫ޕ‬21 ᧦ߪ BDA ߩ⋡⊛ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬೑⋉㈩ಽ‫ߩޠ‬᳿ቯࠍⷙቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬NBA ߪ࿾ၞᯏ㑐ߣද⼏ߩ਄‫ޔ‬೑⋉㈩ಽ⏕଻ߩ᧦ઙࠍ⺖ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ8‫ޕ‬ᣉⴕⷙೣታᣉએᓟ 2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬߹ߢߩߣߎࠈᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ↳⺧ઙᢙߪ 226 ઙࠍᢙ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚻ⛯߈ㅜਛߢ᠗࿁ߒߚ଀ߪ 24 ઙ‫ޔ‬วᗧ✦⚿ߐࠇߚ଀ߪ 9 ઙߢ޽ࠆ‫⺧↳ޕ‬ᛚ⹺ઙᢙ߇࿶ୟ⊛ߦᄙ޿৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬วᗧߦ㆐ߒߚ଀ߪᲧ₸⊛ߦዋߥ޿‫ޕ‬(4) Form IV ဳ㧦╙ਃ⠪߳ߩ⒖ォ㧔BDA ╙ 21 ᧦ 1 㗄‫ⷙޔ‬ೣ╙ 19 ᧦㧕↢‛⾗Ḯ෸߮㑐ㅪߔࠆ⍮⼂߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍ⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ⠪߇ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍⴕߞߚ↢‛⾗Ḯ‫ޔ‬෶ߪ⍮⼂ࠍߘߩઁߩ⠪෶ߪ⚵❱ߦ⒖ォߔࠆ႐ว‫ޕ‬
BDA ╙ 21 ᧦ߪ‫⾗‛↢ޔ‬Ḯࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦኻߔࠆᛚ⹺ࠍਈ߃ߡએ㒠ߩ೑⋉㈩ಽߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ขᒁ᧦
ઙߣߒߡ㊄㌛⊛೑⋉ߩ㈩ಽࠍ NBA ߦଏ⸤ߔࠆߎߣࠍቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚻ⛯߈ㅜਛߢߩ᠗࿁ 4 ࿁ࠍ฽߼ߡ 11 ࿁ߩ↳⺧଀ߩ߁ߜ 7 ઙ߇ᛚ⹺ߐࠇ߁ߜ 4 ઙ߇วᗧ✦⚿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

8National Conference on Agrobiodiversity February 12-15 2006, p.5

࿑ Applications to NBA95. BDAߩㆡ↪㒰ᄖߣߒߡߩ‫౒ޟ‬ห⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޟߣޠ‬ㅢᏱขᒁߐࠇࠆ໡ຠ‫ޠ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᴺ೙ᐲߩਅ‫‛↢ޔ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯ߿વ⛔⊛⍮⼂߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩ㓙ߩⷙ೙✭๺ភ⟎ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ߇ዋߥߊߣ߽ 2 ߟ޽ࠆ10‫⎇ߩ࠼ࡦࠗޔߪߟ৻ޕ‬ⓥᯏ㑐╬ߣߩ౒ห⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ
߁႐วߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ੑߟ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬໡ຠߣߒߡㅢᏱขᒁߐࠇࠆ↢‛⾗Ḯߩ႐วߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬(1) ࠗࡦ࠼ߩ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐╬ߣߩ౒ห⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁႐ว
ߎߩ႐วߪ BDA ╙㧡᧦ߩㆡ↪ࠍฃߌࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬5 ᧦ߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
9 http://www.nbaindia.org/approvals/status ߩ⛔⸘⾗ᢱߦട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߦ⃻࿾⺞ᩏ⸰໧ߒߚ㓙ߦ㈩Ꮣߐࠇ
ߚ⾗ᢱߦၮߠߊ”Implementation of Biological Diversity Act & ABS through National Biodiversity Authority”ߣ
㗴ߐࠇߚࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦේⓂࠃࠅ૞ᚑ‫⴫ޕ‬ਛߩ C.R.ߪ”Collaborative Research”‫౒ޟ‬ห⎇ⓥ‫ࠍޠ‬ᜰߔ‫ޕ‬10ߎࠇࠄએᄖߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ૑᳃ਗ߮ߦ␠ળߩࠗࡦ࠼࿖ౝߩ↢‛⾗Ḯߩ೑↪ߩߚ߼ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߣ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⢒ᚑ⠪ߣ Vaids ߣ Hakims㧔ࠗࡦ࠼ߩવ⛔ක≮㧕ߩ↢‛⾗Ḯ೑↪ߪ㒰ᄖߐࠇࠆ(BDA 7 ᧦)‫ޕ‬

╙ 5 ᧦‫ ╙ޣ‬3 ᧦෸߮╙ 4 ᧦ࠍㆡ↪ߒߥ޿౒ห࡝ࠨ࡯࠴࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫ޤ‬ࠗࡦ࠼ߩ᡽ᐭ಴⾗ߩ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐෸߮ઁ࿖ߩห᭽ߩ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐ߥߤߩ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐㑆ߢߩ↢‛⾗Ḯ߹ߚߪߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᖱႎߩ⒖ォ߹ߚߪ੤឵ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ౒ห࡝ࠨ࡯࠴࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻
߇╙ 3 㗄ߦቯ߼ࠆ᧦ઙࠍḩߚߔ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦኻߒߡ╙ 3 ᧦෸߮╙ 4᧦ߩⷙቯߪㆡ↪ߒߥ޿߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

BDA ╙ 5 ᧦ߦⷙቯߐࠇࠆ౒ห⎇ⓥ⺞ᩏߦߪ‫ ╙ޔ‬3 ᧦ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ⸵น߽╙㧠᧦ߩ⺞ᩏᚑᨐߩ⒖ォߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯ߽ㆡ↪ߐࠇߥ޿‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬᡽ᐭ♽ߩᯏ㑐ߣઁ࿖ߩห᭽ߩᯏ㑐ߣߩ㑆ߩ↢‛⾗Ḯߩ⒖ォ߽ߒߊߪ੤឵ࠍ฽߻౒ห⺞ᩏࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬NBA ߦࠃࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬⷙ೙߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߐࠇࠆ‫౒ޕ‬ห⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥⷙቯߩㆡ↪ߪਛᄩ᡽ᐭ߇⊒ⴕߒߚ‫ޠࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޟ‬11ߦᓥ߁߽ߩߣߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ਛᄩ᡽ᐭߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߩᤨὐ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬15 ઙߩ↳⺧଀߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬߶ߣࠎߤߪ‫ޔ‬ᬀ‛⒳ሶߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⺞ᩏߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ12‫ޕ‬(2) ໡ຠߣߒߡㅢᏱขᒁߐࠇࠆ↢‛⾗Ḯ㧔Normally Traded Commodities㧕ߩ႐วߎߩ႐วߪ BDA ╙ 40 ᧦ߩㆡ↪ࠍฃߌࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬40 ᧦ߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ 40 ᧦‫৻ޣ‬ቯߩ↢‛⾗Ḯࠍ㒰ᄖߔࠆਛᄩ᡽ᐭߩᮭ㒢‫ޤ‬
ߎߩᴺᓞਛߩ޿߆ߥࠆⷙቯߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ਛᄩ᡽ᐭߪ࿖ኅ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈዪߣද⼏ߒ‫ޔ‬ቭႎ߳ߩ๔␜ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬໡ຠߣߒߡㅢᏱขᒁߐࠇࠆ↢‛⾗Ḯࠍ฽߻৻ቯߩຠ⋡ߦኻߒߡߎߩᴺᓞߩⷙቯߩㆡ↪ࠍ㒰ᄖߔࠆߎߣࠍት⸒ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬૗߇ⷙ೙ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦⴕࠊࠇߚᣣᧄ࡮ࠗࡦ࠼ࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊએ᧪ߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬࿖ౝߩⅣႺ⋭ߣ⾏ᤃ⋭ߣߩ㑆ߩ᡽╷ߩᢛวᕈࠍߣࠆᔅⷐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎ຠ࡝ࠬ࠻ߪᧂߛߦ⏕ቯߒߡߪ޿ߥ޿ᮨ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ᣣᧄડᬺ߇ࠗࡦ࠼߆ࠄߩ㑐ㅪߔࠆน⢻ᕈߩ޽ࠆຠ⋡ࠍャ౉ߔࠆ႐วߦߪ‫⋡ޔ‬ਅߩߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬NBA ߦ୘೎ߦ⋥ធ໧޿วࠊߖࠍ
ߔࠆ߶߆ߥ޿13‫ޕ‬ߘ߽ߘ߽‫ޔ‬BDA ߦၮߠ޿ߡ㑐ㅪ໡ຠߩャ಴౉߇ⷙ೙ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᄙᢙ࿖㑆ⅣႺ᧦⚂ߣߒߡߩ CBD ߦၮߠߊⅣႺ଻⼔ࠍฬ⋡ߣߒߚ⾏ᤃ೙㒢ភ⟎ߣߺߥߐࠇ‫⾏ޔ‬ᤃߩ⥄↱ൻߣ޿߁ WTO ࡞࡯࡞ߣߩᛶ⸅ߩน⢻ᕈ߇ ᔨߐࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬WTO ⸳┙දቯߩ೨ᢥߦߪⅣႺߩ଻⼔࡮଻ోߣਗࠎߢᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ㐿⊒⋡⊛ߦᓥߞߚ਎⇇ߩ⾗Ḯߩㆡᒰߥ೑↪߇᣿ᢥൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ႐ว‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎߩ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬೙ᐲߩ⋡⊛߇‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ଻⼔߿ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ⾗Ḯ㐿⊒ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆߩ߆
ߤ߁߆߇໧ࠊࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

11

Ministry of Environment and Forests Notification, 8 November 2006
ᣣᧄ߽”Giant Himalayan Lily”ߦ㑐ߔࠆ 1 ઙ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬http://www.nbaindia.org/approvals/status
13 2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬⃻࿷‫ޔ‬NBA ߩኾ㐷ኅᆔຬળߢኻ⽎ຠ⋡࡝ࠬ࠻᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ߛ߹ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ਛᄩ᡽ᐭߦ⋧⺣ਛߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቭႎߦឝタߐࠇࠆߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬૞ᚑਛߩ࡝ࠬ࠻᩺ߣߒߡߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅ㧦⮎↪ᬀ‛㑐ଥ㧔880 ຠ⋡㧕‫ޔ‬㚅ᢱ㑐ଥ㧔149㧕‫ࠦࡃ࠲ޔ‬㑐ଥ㧔1㧕‫࠷࠶࠽࡯ࡘࠪࠞޔ‬㑐ଥ㧔1㧕‫࡯ࡅ࡯ࠦޔ‬㧔1㧕╬‫ޕ‬12

6. ߅ࠊࠅߦઍ߃ߡCBD ߇⊒ലߒߡ 10 ᐕ૛ࠅߩ㑆ߦߘߩ࿖ౝ⊛ታᣉߩ⋡⊛ߢ೙ቯߐࠇߚ࿖ౝᴺߩ଀ߪᄙ޿‫ߘޕ‬ࠇࠄߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ ᔨߪ‫ޔ‬CBD15 ᧦ 2 㗄ߦⷙቯߐࠇࠆ↢‛ㆮવ⾗Ḯߩ೑↪ߩଦㅴߦߟߥ߇ࠆߩ
ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆‫੹ޕࠆ޽ߢߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬࿁ߩࠗࡦ࠼ߩ BDA ߩ೙ቯߣᣉⴕⷙೣߩ╷ቯએᓟߩ↳⺧ઙᢙߣᦨ⚳⊛ߦ✦⚿ߐࠇߚวᗧઙᢙߩഀวࠍ᭎ⷰߒߡߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ో૕ߩᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ↳⺧ઙᢙߦኻߔࠆᦨ⚳⊛ߦ✦⚿ߐࠇߚวᗧઙᢙߪ 267 ઙਛ 24 ઙߢ⚂ 10ಽߩ 1 ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᢙሼࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⸃㉼ߔࠇ߫ࠃ޿ߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬዁᧪⊛ߥ໡ᬺ㐿⊒ࠍ೨ឭߣߒߚࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ↳⺧㧔Form I㧕ߦ߅޿ߡߪ 15 ઙਛ 7 ઙ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᚑᨐ⒖ォ㧔Form II㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬4 ઙਛ4 ઙ‫ޔ‬ᚑᨐ‛ߩ╙ਃ⠪⒖ォ㧔Form IV㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ 7 ઙਛ 4 ઙߢ޽ࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫৻ޔ‬ቯߩ೑⋉߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭ↳⺧㧔Form III㧕ߦኻߔࠆวᗧදቯߩ✦⚿ߪ 226 ઙਛ 9 ઙߢ޽ࠅ 4%ߦ߽ḩߚߥ޿‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬೑⋉㈩ಽߦ㑐ߔࠆวᗧᒻᚑߩ࿎㔍ߐࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬NBA ߪ೑⋉㈩ಽߦ㑐ߔࠆ᧦ઙࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆᮭ㒢ࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬᳿ቯߩߚ߼ߩၮḰߪᔅߕߒ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߦࠃࠆࠗࡦ࠼࿖ౝߩ↢‛ㆮવ⾗Ḯߩ೑↪ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ߆ߒߥ޿߆ߪ‫ޔ‬NBA ߩ੹ᓟߩ⚻㛎ߣߘࠇߦၮߠߊ್ᢿജߦࠃࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߣߒߡߪ‫ߩߣ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬੤ᵹࠍⓍߺ਄ߍࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ ߩߘޔ‬ABS ೙ᐲߩㆇ༡ߩታᘒߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼‫ޔ‬win-win 㑐ଥߩ᭴▽ߩߚ߼ߩᣇ╷ߦߟ޿ߡᮨ⚝ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᛚ⹺ઙᢙวᗧ✦⚿ઙᢙ

Form I

Form II

Form III

Form IV

TOTAL

1542267267

7㧔46.6%㧕

4㧔100%㧕

9㧔3.98%㧕

4㧔57.1%㧕

24㧔8.99%㧕

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