5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs

5-2. Capacity Building in Member Countries
5-2-1. Technical Cooperation Project in Nepal(1) Background of the Project
Nepal is located in the area of collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate,which has been hit by earthquakes frequently in the world. Kathmandu Valley, where thecapital city of Nepal is located, has experienced several disastrous earthquakes, including theBihar-Nepal earthquake of magnitude 8.4 which occurred in 1934, leading to collapse ofapproximately 20% of all buildings in Kathmandu Valley and 9,040 fatalities. Despite thehigh risk of a future earthquake in Kathmandu Valley, countermeasures such as retrofitting ofbuildings for seismic resistance, land use control and application of the National Building
Code have not been sufficiently promoted so far. Further, due to the rapid increase ofpopulation of Kathmandu Valley, increasing number of population could face the risks causedby extensions work on existing buildings and non-engineered buildings that constructedwithout the participation of knowledgeable and skilled architects and engineers.
With this background, it has become an urgent need to update the risk assessment for thefuture development plans and raise policies concern on the disaster risk management. Underthe request from the government of Nepal, JICA formulated the “Project for Assessment ofEarthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley” and decided to start the project
activities from the end of April 2015.
On April 25, 2015, just before the commencement of the project, the Gorkha earthquake of
Mw7.8 (USGS) occurred at the boundary of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate with its
epicenter approximately 76 km west of Kathmandu. This earthquake brought heavy damages
in a wide range of area; 8,790 people were killed and approximately 500,000 buildings weretotally destroyed. Through a series of discussions with counterparts, the project component
was partly modified in order to adapt to the changed post-earthquake situation and respond to
the rehabilitation and recovery needs.

(2) Outline of the Project
The outline of the project is as shown in the below table.
【Project Period】

April 2015 – October 2016 (Term 1)
October 2016 – April 2018 (Term 2) (Total 3 years)【Project Goal】

To implement the earthquake risk assessment for future scenario earthquakes
with considering the earthquake environment after the Gorkha Earthquake,and to develop the DM plan for concrete and effective promotion on disasterrisk management for future earthquakes.

【Project TargetAreas】

Kathmandu Valley(Targets for Pilot Activities: Budhanilkantha municipality, Bhaktapur
municipality, and Lalitpur Metropolitan city)39

【Expected Outputs】[Output 1]: To conduct seismic hazard analysis based on scenario earthquakes
utilizing the latest knowledge and create detailed ground model for
Kathmandu Valley.
[Output 2]: To conduct seismic risk assessment based on the results of seismic
hazard analysis (Output1), and summarize as damage estimation byconsidering several occurrence scenes (time, date, season, etc.)[Output 3]: To enhance skills for updating risk assessment results inaccordance with the social environment change in the future.
[Output 4]: To formulate BBB recovery and reconstruction plan utilizing theresults of hazard analysis, and disaster management plan based on the resultsof seismic risk assessment for the pilot municipalities.

The ADRC has dispatched the experts on “Standard Operation Procedure Planning” and“Community Based Disaster Risk Management/ Community and Social Analysis” to conduct
some activities related to formulation of disaster management plan, a part of theabove-mentioned expected output 4 of the Project and completed all the planned activities inMarch 2018.
Main objective of the “Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) Planning” activities was toformulate SOP manual indicated step by step procedures of emergency response for thetarget three municipalities based on lessons learned through the experiences of the Gorkha
earthquake which hit in Nepal 2015. In the fiscal year 2017, the draft SOP manual developedin the fiscal year 2016 was reviewed and finalized by the comments and suggestions gained
through several meetings with the counterparts of MoHA and some workshops in the pilot
municipalities.

Fig.5-2-2. Workshop for SOP
Formulation
Fig.5-2-1. First Version of the SOP for Municipalities(Source: JICA Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal)

Figure 5-2-1 shows the table of contents of the finalized SOP manual. The manual attachesa) “Activity Flowchart” which shows specific activities to be followed in case of disaster, b)“Disaster Information Format” which standardized among three pilot municipalities, c) “List40

5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOsof Evacuees at Evacuation Shelters” to facilitate easy management of the affected people,and d) “Personal Data of Officials” for contributing to prompt communication among
municipality officials in case of a disaster.
As future endeavor, we expect local officials to: i) Update the SOP as per the latest
government structure regularly, ii) Confirm the roles and responsibilities of eachdivision/section for preparedness, and iii) Collect & share updated basic statisticalinformation such as number of hospitals, students and teachers in each school, community
disaster management system and structure, etc.
In the fiscal year 2017, the Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM)
activities were conducted by the flow shown in the Fig. 5-2-3 targeting one selected ward ineach pilot municipality with the view to enhancing capacities of the municipality officers. In
the first workshop, the participants identified their disaster risks and current situation of theirdisaster management system through Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment(HVCA) activities and interactive lectures and participatory discussion. In the second
workshop, through field survey of their communities and DRR mapping activities, they
discussed issues and challenges for DRR and DRM in their communities and developed draft
ward-level DRM plans. In the third workshop, they finalized the ward-level DRM plans and“DRR Carte” which includes basic information for DRR and DRM in the communities. Also,
they discussed priority activities in the DRM plans. As a final pilot activities, they prepared
tools and equipment for emergency response as “Emergency Stockpiles,” one of thedesignated priority activities.

Fig.5-2-3. Flow of the CBDRRM Activities
Fig.5-2-4. CBDRRM Workshops(Source: JICA Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal)

For further promotion of the CBDRM activities, the following points should be pursued; toupdate and promote the guideline for the CBDRRM activities, to increase regular
opportunities for the municipality officers to learn DRR and CBDRM, and to secure budget
for the sustainable implementation of the CBDRM in the municipality.

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5-2-2. Technical Cooperation Project in Mongolia(1) Background of the ProjectIn 2013, the National Emergency Management Agency（NEMA）of the central governmentof Mongolia requested the Government of Japan to provide assistance for the technicalcooperation project aiming to promote disaster management capacities related to earthquakes
in Mongolia. JICA conducted the Data Collection Survey of Disaster Protection andPrevention in Mongolia from February 2016, and collected relevant information. Through thesurvey, JICA coordinated opinions with the Mongolian government and modified thecontents of the request above to the ones focusing on strengthening the capacity of NEMA.
Then, in May 2016, the modified request was finally adopted by the government of Japan.
Subsequently, JICA dispatched the Detailed Planning Study Team, and according to the resultof the study, JICA and NEMA agreed on the details of the Project named “The Project forStrengthening the National Capacity of Earthquake Disaster Protection and Prevention inMongolia”, and started the project activities from November 2016.

(2) Outline of the Project【Project Period】

November 2016 – April 2020 (Total 3.3 years)【Project Goal】

The capacity of the National Emergency Management Agency will beenhanced through the activities for strengthening the countermeasures
for seismic risk.

【Expected Outputs】

Output 1: Capacity for data collection on disaster risk reduction andcoordination among related organizations will be enhanced.
Output 2: Capacity of public administration officer related to theseismic assessment and seismic strengthening of buildings
will be enhanced.
Output 3: Implementing a plan on disaster risk reduction education
and awareness raising activities will be developed andrealized.

ADRC dispatched the expert for taking the leadership of the overall activities to achieve
above mentioned “Output 3” in this project. Also, the following activities related to theSchool DRR are the main responsibilities of the ADRC;• Development of Guideline for DRR Education in Pre-School, Elementary School, And
Junior High School,• Development of Educational Materials for DRR Education in Pre-School, Primary
School, and Junior High School,• Implementation of Training Program for Teacher Instructors, and• Indirect Support for Implementation of Training Program for Teachers and School Staff
Members42

5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs

In the fiscal year 2017, through several workshops to introduce the practical examples ofthe School DRR education in Japan, the counterparts enhanced their understanding of theSchool DRR education. Further, through the second training program in Japan for theworking-level counterparts, they learned the details of the current situation of the School
DRR in Japan. Based on the information and knowledge gained in the above-mentioned
opportunities, the counterparts have got on with the works to develop the School DRR
guideline.

Fig.5-2-5. Trial Lesson of DRR Education in an
Elementary School by the JapaneseExpert

Fig.5-2-6. Observation of the Lesson of DRR
Study in the Shichigo Elementary
School (the Second Counterpart
Training in Japan)(Source: Project for Strengthening the National Capacity of Earthquake Disaster Protection andPrevention in Mongolia)

43