Cross-Strait Bilateral Investment Protection and Promotion
Agreement[This translation is for reference only. The content and interpretation of the Cross-Strait Bilateral Investment
Protection and Promotion Agreement shall be based solely on the authentic version signed by the Parties in
the Chinese language.]

In order to protect the rights and interests of investors across the Taiwan Straits,
promote mutual investments, create an impartial investment environment, andenhance cross-strait economic prosperity, in accordance with Article 5 of the
ECFA, the Straits Exchange Foundation and the Association for Relations
Across the Taiwan Straits reached an agreement as follows upon equal
negotiations:

Article 1 Definitions
For purpose of this Agreement:
1. “Investment” means every kind of asset invested by an investor of a Party inthe other Party in accordance with the laws and regulations of the latter thathas the characteristics of an investment, including but not limited to:(1) movable and immovable property and other property rights;(2) shares, capital contribution, and other forms of equity participation in anenterprise;(3) monetary claims or other claims to any performance that have economic
value;(4) intellectual property rights, enterprise names and trade names, goodwill;(5) turnkey, construction, management, production, revenue-sharing, and othersimilar contract rights;(6) concessions, including those for breeding and cultivation as well as thosefor exploration, mining, extraction, or exploitation of natural resources; and(7) all types of secured bonds, debentures, loans, and other forms of debt.
“Characteristics of an investment” means the commitment of capital or otherresources, the expectation of return or profit, and the assumption of risk. Anychanges to the form of investment capital made in accordance with the laws andregulations of the place where the investment is made will not affect its
characteristics as an investment.
2. “Investor” means a natural person or an enterprise of a Party that makes aninvestment in the other party:1

“natural person of a Party” means a natural person holding theidentification document of that Party;(2) “enterprise of a Party” means an entity constituted in a Party under thelaws and regulations of that Party, including a company, trust, sole
proprietorship, partnership, or other organization;(3) Any entity which is constituted under the laws and regulations of a third
party but is owned or controlled by an Investor as described in subparagraph(1) or (2) of this paragraph is considered an enterprise of a Party.
(1)

3. “Return” means a profit earned from investments, including profits,dividends, interest, capital gains, royalty payments, and other legal earnings.
4. “Measure” means any law or regulation, policy, or other administrative
action that affects investors or investments.
5. “Cross-strait Investment Dispute Settlement Institutions” means arbitration
institutions, mediation centers, and other mediation institutions which areconfirmed by the Parties and notified the other Party in writing by eachParty after this Agreement enters into force.

Article 2 Scope of Application and Exceptions
1. This Agreement applies to the measures adopted or maintained by a Party
toward investors of the other Party and their investments.
2. This Agreement applies to investments made by an investor of a Party in theother Party prior to or after this Agreement enters into force, but does not
apply to “investment disputes” as defined in Article 13 (1) of thisAgreement which have been settled before this Agreement enters into force.
3. This Agreement applies to measures adopted or maintained by theauthorities of all levels of either Party and by institutions authorized by such
authorities to exercise administrative functions and powers.
4. A Party may adopt, maintain, or enforce any measure it considers necessary
to protect its essential security interests.
5. A Party may adopt or maintain the following restrictive measures oninvestments based on the principle of non-arbitrary and non-unjustifiable
discrimination, and provided that such measures do not constitute a
disguised restriction on trade or investments:(1) measures necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations which are2not inconsistent with this Agreement;(2) measures necessary to protect the life or health of humans, animals, orplants;(3) measures necessary to protect exhaustible natural resources.
6. A Party may adopt or maintain measures related to financial services forprudential reasons. Such measures include, but are not limited to, thefollowing:(1) measures adopted to protect investors, depositors, policy holders, or persons
to whom a fiduciary duty is owed by financial service providers;(2) measures adopted to ensure the functioning and stability of the financial
system.
7. This Agreement does not apply to the following:(1) public procurement;(2) subsidies or grants provided by a Party.
8. Except as provided below, this Agreement does not apply to taxation
measures of either Party:(1) If an investor of a Party claims in writing to the competent tax authority ofthe other Party that a taxation measure of such other Party involves Article 7of this Agreement, the competent tax authorities of the Parties should
determine jointly within six months whether such taxation measureconstitutes an expropriation. If such taxation measure constitutes an act of
expropriation, then this Agreement shall apply to such measure.
(2) If the competent tax authorities of the Parties fail to agree that the taxation
measure is not an act of expropriation within six months, the investor of a
Party may seek resolution under Article 13 of this Agreement and the Annex
thereof.

Article 3 Treatment of Investments
1. Each Party shall ensure fair and equitable treatment to investors of the otherParty and their investments, and shall provide full protection and security:(1) “Fair and equitable treatment” means that the measures adopted by a Party
shall be in accordance with the principle of due process and shall not denyjustice and fair trial to investors of the other Party, and that obviously
discriminatory or arbitrary measures may not be implemented.
(2) “Full protection and security” means that a Party shall adopt reasonable andnecessary measures to protect the safety of investors of the other Party andtheir investments.
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A Party’s breach of other provisions in this Agreement does not constitute a
breach of this paragraph.
2. The Parties shall reinforce the protection of personal freedom and safety ofinvestors and related personnel, fulfill the notification obligations related topersonal freedom within the prescribed time limit under their respective laws
and regulations, and strive to perfect the existing notification mechanism.
3. Treatment accorded by a Party to investors of the other Party with respect tothe operation, management, maintenance, enjoyment, use, sale, or otherdisposition of their investments shall not be less favorable than that accordedby such Party, in like circumstances, to its own investors and theirinvestments.
4. Treatment accorded by a Party to investors of the other Party with respect tothe establishment, expansion, operation, management, maintenance,
possession, use, sale, or other disposition of their investments shall not beless favorable than that accorded by such Party, in like circumstances, toinvestors of any third party and their investments.
5. Paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article do not apply to a Party’s existing
non-conforming measures and amendments thereto, while the Party shallgradually reduce or eliminate such non-conforming measures and provided
that any amendment or change to such non-conforming measures shall notincrease the restrictions on investors of the other Party and their investments.
6. Investors of the other Party may not claim to initiate dispute resolution
proceedings other than those provided in this Agreement based on paragraph
4 of this Article.

Article 4 Transparency
1. A Party shall, in accordance with its laws and regulations, publish orotherwise make publicly available in a timely fashion the investment-relatedlaws, regulations, measures, procedures, etc. that are generally applicable orare specifically applicable to the other Party.
2. A Party shall, upon the request of the other Party and in accordance with its
laws and regulations, provide further information with respect to any change
to the laws, regulations, measures, or procedures that were already publishedand that affect investors of the other Party.
4Article 5 Gradual Reduction of Investment Restrictions
1. The Parties agree to accept and protect mutual investments on the principles
of reciprocity and mutual benefit.
2. The Parties agree to gradually reduce or eliminate restrictions on
investments from the other Party, to create a fair investment environment,
and to strive to promote mutual investments.
Article 6 Investment Facilitation
1. The Parties agree to the gradual simplification of documentation forinvestment application and examination procedures.
2. The Parties agree to provide the other Party with investment facilitation,
including:(1) Each Party will provide facilitation to investors of the other Party inobtaining investment information, relevant operating licenses, personnel
entry and exit, and business operations and management;(2) Each Party will facilitate the organizing and holding, by the other Party andits investors, of symposiums, seminars and other activities beneficial toinvestments.

Article 7 Expropriation
1. A Party may not expropriate the investments or returns of an investor of theother Party in the Party (including direct expropriation and indirect
expropriation), unless all of the following conditions are met:
(1) It is for a public purpose;(2) it is in accordance with the Party’s laws and regulations, and with due
process;(3) it is non-discriminatory and non-arbitrary;(4) payment of compensation is provided in accordance with paragraph 4 of this
Article.
2. “Indirect expropriation” refers to measures with effects equivalent to thoseof direct expropriation. The determination of whether a measure or a seriesof measures constitutes indirect expropriation requires a case-by-case,fact-based inquiry that considers the following factors:(1) the economic impact of such measure on the relevant investments; however,an adverse impact of such measure on the economic value of an investment
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alone is insufficient to establish the occurrence of indirect expropriation;(2) the degree of discrimination of such measure, with respect to its scope orapplication, against the investors of the other Party and their investments;(3) the extent to which such measure interferes with the distinct and reasonable
investment expectations of the investors of the other Party;(4) whether such measure is adopted in good faith and for the public good, andis in compliance with the principle of proportionality between the measure
and the purpose thereof.
3. Non-discriminatory regulatory measures adopted by either Party to protect
the legitimate public welfare, such as public health, safety, and theenvironment, do not constitute indirect expropriation.
4. The compensation referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be basedon the fair market value of the expropriated investments or returns at thetime of expropriation or when the expropriation becomes known to the
public, whichever is earlier, plus interest at a commercially reasonable rate
accrued from the date of expropriation to the date of payment. The
compensation shall be paid without delay, and shall be effectively realizable,
exchangeable, and freely transferable.

Article 8 Compensation for Losses
If an investor of a Party suffers a loss with respect to its investments or returns
in the other Party due to armed conflict, state of emergency or similar event thattakes place in the other Party, the other Party shall provide restitution,compensation, or other resolution no less favorable than that accorded to its own
investors or to the investors of any third party in like circumstances, whicheveris most favorable to investors.

Article 9 Subrogation
1. If a Party’s designated agency makes a payment to an investor of that Party
pursuant to its indemnity, guarantee, or insurance contract against
investment-related non-commercial risks such as currency exchange andtransfer, expropriation, etc., it may subrogate the investor in exercising theinvestor’s rights and claims to the same extent as the original rights andclaims of the investor and assume the corresponding obligations related tothe investment of that investor.
2. A Party shall notify the other Party of the agency it designates pursuant to6

paragraph 1 of this Article and of any changes thereto.

Article 10 Transfer
1. A Party shall, in accordance with its laws and regulations, permit investorsof the other Party to transfer their investments and returns, including but notlimited to:(1) capital invested for the establishment, maintenance and expansion of
investment;(2) profits, dividends, interest, capital gains, royalty payments and other fees
related to intellectual property rights;(3) payments related to investment contracts, including relevant payments
arising from loan agreements;(4) proceeds from the sale or liquidation of all or any part of the investment;(5) earnings and remuneration of an investor who is a natural person, withrespect to his/her investment;(6) payments obtained pursuant to Articles 7 and 8; and(7) compensation obtained pursuant to paragraph 3 of the Annex to thisAgreement.
2. Unless otherwise provided under this Agreement, the Parties shall guaranteethat transfers under paragraph 1 of this Article may be made without delay
in a freely usable currency or any currency which is agreed upon by theParties and is exchangeable according to the then effective laws andregulations, at the market rate of exchange on the date of transfer.
3. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, a Party may, based on
the principles of equity, fairness and non-discrimination, prevent or delay atransfer through good faith application of the relevant laws and regulationsin any of the following circumstances:(1) bankruptcy, insolvency or the protection of the rights of creditors;(2) issuing, trading, dealing or handling of securities, futures, options and otherderivatives;(3) necessary preservation measures during the investigations for criminal
procedures or administrative acts;(4) necessary reporting of transfers of cash or other monetary instruments; or(5) assurance to the execution of judicial judgments or administrative
disciplinary action.
4. In the event that a serious imbalance of payments occurs or is likely to occur
to a Party, that Party may temporarily restrict transfers in accordance with
its laws and regulations or practices provided that such restrictions follow
7the principles of fairness, non-discrimination and good faith.

Article 11 Denial of Benefits
Where an enterprise of a Party is owned or controlled by a natural person or an
enterprise of a third party and such enterprise has no substantial businessactivities in that Party, the other Party may deny the benefits of this Agreement
to such enterprise of that Party.

Article 12 Settlement of Disputes Between the Parties to this Agreement
Disputes between the Parties concerning the interpretation, implementation orapplication of this Agreement shall be dealt with in accordance with Article 10of the Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement.

Article 13 Settlement of Disputes Between an Investor and the Host Party
1. A dispute arising from claims by an investor of a Party that he/she/it has
suffered losses resulting from a breach by the institutions or organizations of
the other Party of the obligations provided in this Agreement (hereinafterreferred to as “investment dispute”) may be settled through the following
methods:(1) amicable negotiation between the parties to the dispute;(2) coordination through the coordination mechanism at the place of investment
or the superior authorities thereof;(3) resolution through the investment dispute settlement mechanism establishedunder Article 15 of this Agreement;(4) An investor may submit an investment compensation dispute arising out of
this Agreement between an investor and the host Party to a Cross-strait
Investment Dispute Settlement Institution for settlement through mediation.
Every six months, the Cross-strait Investment Dispute Settlement
Institutions shall report to the investment working group referred to in
Article 15 of this Agreement on the status of investment compensation
disputes under disposition; or(5) recourse in accordance with the administrative remedy or judicial
proceedings of the host Party.
2. When an investor resolves an investment compensation dispute inaccordance with paragraph 1(4) of this Article, the Annex of this Agreement
shall apply thereto.
83. After this Agreement enters into force, the Parties shall exchange andpublish a list of Cross-strait Investment Dispute Settlement Institutions as
referred to in paragraph 1(4) of this Article as soon as possible. The Parties
may modify the list via negotiations.
4. If an investor has already chosen to settle a dispute in accordance withparagraph 1(5) of this Article, the investor may not submit the same disputeto a Cross-strait Investment Dispute Settlement Institution for mediation
unless such action is in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations of
the host Party.
5. For investment disputes referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article which haveentered into judicial proceedings prior to the entry into force of thisAgreement, unless agreed upon by the parties to the dispute and incompliance with the relevant laws and regulations of the host Party, themediation procedure provided under paragraph 1(4) of this Article shall not
apply.

Article 14 Investment-related Commercial Dispute
1. The Parties affirm that when an investor of a Party enters into a commercial
contract with a natural person, juridical person or other institutions of theother Party in accordance with relevant laws and regulations and theprinciple of autonomy of the parties, the contracting parties may stipulate
the methods and means of commercial dispute settlement.
2. When an investor of a Party enters into a commercial contract with a natural
person of the other Party, the contract may include a provision for thearbitration of commercial disputes arising out of investments. If no
arbitration provision is included, the disputing parties may consult with eachother to submit a dispute to arbitration after the dispute occurs.
3. When an investor of a Party enters into a commercial contract with ajuridical person or other institutions of the other Party, the contract may
include a provision for the arbitration of commercial disputes arising out ofinvestments. If no arbitration clause is included, the disputing parties may
consult with each other to submit a dispute to arbitration after the disputeoccurs.
4. The parties to a commercial dispute may designate an arbitration institutionof either side of the strait and agree on the seat of arbitration. If no9

arbitration clause is included in a commercial contract, the disputing parties
may consult with each other to submit a dispute to an arbitration institutionof either side of the strait and settle the dispute at a mutually agreed seat.
5. The Parties affirm that the parties to a commercial contract may petition for
the recognition and enforcement of arbitration awards in accordance with
relevant laws and regulations.

Article 15 Contact Mechanisms
1. The Parties agree that the investment working group of the Cross-Strait
Economic Cooperation Committee (ECC) shall be in charge of handlingaffairs related to this Agreement, through the responsible contact persons
designated by the competent authorities of each Party.
2. The investment working group shall establish the following working
mechanisms to handle specific affairs related to this Agreement:(1) Investment dispute settlement mechanism: provision of assistance inhandling investment disputes between an investor and the host Party, andnotification of each of the status of disputes under disposition;(2) Investment consultation mechanism: exchange of investment information,
launching of investment promotions and implementation of investment
facilitation, and provision of consultation on dispute settlement and mattersrelated to this Agreement.
(3) Other working mechanisms related to this Agreement as agreed by theParties.

Article 16 Document Formats
Business communication carried out under this Agreement shall use thedocument formats agreed upon by the Parties.

Article 17 Amendments
Amendments to this Agreement shall be made upon a negotiated agreement
between the Parties, and shall be confirmed in writing.

Article 18 Entry into Force10

After signing this Agreement, each Party shall complete its relevant procedures
and notify the other Party in writing. This Agreement shall enter into force the
day after each Party has received notification from the other Party.

ChairmanStraits Exchange Foundation

President
Association for Relations
Across the Taiwan Straits

11Annex: Mediation procedure of the investment compensation dispute
1. Mediation principle and procedure(1) After an investor of a Party has applied for mediation in accordance with
Article 13, paragraph 1(4) of this Agreement, a Cross-strait Investment
Dispute Settlement Institution shall accept the application in accordancewith its rules and initiate the mediation procedure. The Cross-strait
Investment Dispute Settlement Institution shall handle the investmentcompensation dispute in a manner that is objective, equitable, fair, andreasonable. The parties to the dispute shall actively participate in the
mediation in good faith and shall not, without cause, delay mediation.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties to the dispute, the mediation
process shall remain confidential.
(3) Except for matters that the parties to a dispute agree to disclose, theCross-strait Investment Dispute Settlement Institution, its personnel, and the
mediator(s) shall keep investment disputes confidential.
2. Settlement by Mediation(1) Mediators shall remain impartial and facilitate the reaching of agreement by
the parties to a dispute.
(2) After the disputing parties have reached a consensus through mediation, themediator(s) shall produce a mediation settlement agreement according to thecontent of the consensus; the agreement shall be signed or chopped by theparties to the dispute and the mediator(s), and affixed with the seal of the
Cross-strait Investment Dispute Settlement Institution.
(3) The parties should assure the establishment and completion of systems
related to the enforcement of the mediated settlement agreement. An
investor may apply for the enforcement of a mediated settlement agreementin accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the Party in which
enforcement is sought.
3. Means of Compensation
Means of compensation for investment compensation disputes are limited to thefollowing:(1) Monetary damages and appropriate interest;(2) return of property or payment of monetary damages and applicableinterest in lieu of return of property;(3) other legal means of compensation agreed upon by the disputing parties .
4. Extinctive prescription of the right to request mediation
An investors right to request mediation shall be extinguished if the investor does
not exercise his/her/its right to request mediation within three years from thedate on which the investor acquired or should have acquired knowledge of the12other party’s breach of obligations under this Agreement; provided, however,that any delay resulting from force majeure shall not be included in the
aforementioned three-year period.
5. Restrictions on the use of mediation information
If an investment compensation dispute remains unsettled after undergoing theprocedure provided in Article 13, paragraph 1(4) of this Agreement, unlessotherwise agreed upon by the parties to the dispute neither party may, in
subsequent administrative or judicial proceedings for the same dispute, cite any
statements, admissions or concessions made by the other party or the mediator(s)in the aforementioned proceedings as information or evidence to thedisadvantage of the other party to the dispute.
6. Notification of mediation rules
The mediation rules of Cross-strait Investment Dispute Settlement Institutions
shall be reported to the investment working group referred to in Article 15 ofthis Agreement.

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