• Click to edit Master text styles

PublicParticipation
inEIA
and– Second level
itsIndicatorfrom the Asian• Thirdlevel– Fourth level» Fifth Perspectivelevel
Osaka University
Noriko Okubo

International Developments on P10
1998• Click to edit Master text styles
AarhusConvention– Secondlevel• Third level
47 Parties– Fourth level2010» Fifth level
Bali Guidelines
2018
New regional
agreement in ECLAC

Developments in Asia
No such regional movement in Asia
• Click to edit Master text styles
Why not?
– Second level

Languages and cultural/social/natural• Third level
environment are diverse.
– Fourth level
Are there no common features?
» Fifth level

Need for international collaborative andcomparative study in Asia
Both internal pressure and externalpressure will be required to promote P10

Purpose of this research
DevelopingindicatorsforPP• Click to edit Master text styles
Providing
it for use in other countries– Second levelin •Asia
Third level– Fourth levelSharing
goodpractices» Fifth level
Contributing to potential
regional instrument
Contributing to achieving Goal 16of SDGs

Today’s objective1• To
clarify
aretext
thecharacteristics ofClickto editwhatMasterstyles– Secondlevel
eachcountry• Third level
2 To clarify
what are the common– Fourth level» Fifth level
characteristics
3 To clarify what are the common andspecific challenges
4 To discuss how to over come themPublication of outcome (1)Publication in Japanese• Clickedit Mastertext1styles

Fulltopaperon daySecond levelfor rewrite: 10. Oct. 2018
 –Deadline• Third level Deadline
for translation:10. Nov. 2018
– Fourth level» Fifth level
 Publish within this year Special issue of Administrative LawReview
 Publisher: Shinzansya

Publication of outcome (2)Publication in English
1 Content• Click to edit Master text styles(1) Integrated report based on common indicators
Secondreportlevel(2) –National• Third level(a) Outlineof EIA system– Fourth level(b) Legal system of PP in EIA» Fifth level(c) Practices(d) EIA litigation (to be discussed)(e) Challenges
2 Deadline: to be discussed
3 Publish in the first half of next fiscal year?
4 Publisher: during negotiations

Outline of Indicator
1 Existence of legal scheme for EIA
2• Requiring
Click to PP
edit Master text styles
3 Object of EIA– Secondlevel4 Rangeof participants
5 Generalprinciples• Thirdlevel for PP
6 Identificationof public– Fourthlevel concerned
7 Adequate notice» Fifth level
8 Early participation
9 Participation methods and its timing
10 Informed participation
11 Reasonable timeframe for each phase
12 Organizer and rule on public hearing
13 Due consideration of the submitted comments
14 Publication of decision
15 Access to justiceRange of ParticipantsType A Public: Japan, Thailand• Click to edit Master text styles
Type B Affected people: India, Philippines– Second level
Type C Public + affected people/public concerned• Third level
China,Indonesia, Taiwan– Fourth level
1 Wide meaningof public and affected people» Fifth level
including community, environmentalist and NGOs
2 Three countries distinguish public and affectedpeople (different way to participate)
China: Selection of representative for public hearing
Indonesia: Affected community has priority.

Notification
1 Method• Click to edit
Master Philippines,
text styles Taiwan
Individual
notification:
Newspapers,
television: China, India, Indonesia etc.
– Second levelWebsites:
China, Indonesia, Japan, Thailand• Third levelInstruments
particular to certain region: India– Fourth level*Obligation fortaking 2 or more methods» Fifth level
China, India, Indonesia, Japan
2 Period
One month: India, Japan
15 days: Thailand
10 days: China (minimum), Indonesia
3 language
Local language: India, Indonesia (discretion)

Opportunities to participate?
1 Required in all 7 countries by laws and/or• Click to edit Master text styles
regulations
2 Early
participation?
– Secondlevel
No PPat screening
in 5 countries• ThirdlevelTaiwan: –4Fourthtimes
levelfor Phase I EIAPhilippines:» FifthEncouraged
to be initiated earlylevel
and in all stages
Japan: Primary Environmental Impact Consideration
obligation to strive to initiate PP
New developments
China: revised in 2017
Thailand: new legislation soon in 2018

How many times?
18 times
1 One time:• Click to edit Master text styles
India– Second level
Thailand:
at least one time, more at discretion• Third level2 Two times– Fourth level» Fifth level + EIS)
Indonesia (scopingChina (construction PJ) (draft EIS +EIS)
3 Three times
Japan (before scoping + scoping + draft EIS)
4 4 times for Phase  +  respectively=8: Taiwan
5 All stages: Philippines (encourage)

Methods for PP
1 Submission in writing•6Clicktoedit
Mastertext
stylescountries except for Philippines– Secondlevel 6 countries
2 Public
hearing:• Thirdlevelexplanation meetingJapan:onlylevel
Public– Fourth
hearing
based on ordinance in big cities» Fifth level

China: exhibition*Obligation for minutes/record: 6 countries
Video record: India
3 Participation of community as committee
memberIndonesia: EIA Appraisal Committee

Informed Participation
1 Free charge of access to relevant information• 7Clickto edit
text styles
allcountries(inMasterprinciple)– SecondlevelIndonesia
Partiallycharged:• Third level
2 Easy understanding
level information in easily understood
Obligation–toFourthdeliver» Fifthlevel
manner: China,Indonesia
Summary: China, Japan, Thailand
Use of chart: China
3 explanatory session
India, Japan (only in affected area), Philippines,Thailand

Due consideration of opinions
1 Publication of submitted opinions• Click to edit Master text styles
and/orsummary?
– Second level
China,Japan,• Thirdlevel Taiwan, Thailand– Fourth oflevelresult of consideration?
2 Publication» Fifth level
China, India, Taiwan, Thailand* Japan: feedback only from project operator
3 Publication of decision?
India, Indonesia, Taiwan

Conclusion 1: Good Aspects
EIA hasbeen
legally•1 Clickto edit
Mastertextestablished.
styles2 EIAprovides– Secondlevel with important opportunity to• Third levelparticipate.
– Fourth level
3 Wide range» Fifthof
levelthe public can participate,if…..
4 Basically, information is available for freeof charge. But…
5 Public hearing are held in most countries.

Conclusion 2: Challenges andRecommendations• Clickto editglobal
Mastertext styles
Gapbetween
standardand national standard
Second level
Gap–between
national standard and reality• Third level guarantee to participate
1 Comprehensive– Fourth level
Important projects
are excluded from obligatory EIA» Fifth levelex. railways (India), improper screening (Thailand)
2 PP at early stage
PP at screening stage: few
No EIA = No PP

Summary 3: Challenges andRecommendations
3
Improvement
ofnotification• Click to edit Master text styles
Publicconcerned
don’t know about– Secondlevel
conductingof EIA and PP in many cases.
• Third level– Fourth level
4 Accessto information (full information +» Fifth leveleasy understanding)Public can only get information of the prosof the proposed project in many cases.
Difficulty to understand technicaldocuments

Conclusion 4: Challenges andRecommendations
EffectiveJustice•5 Clickto editaccess
Mastertotext
styles– Secondlevel reform to introduce PIL
Japan
needs
• Third level
6 Capacity building for all sectors including– Fourth level
public officials» Fifth level
What is access right?
How to use it?
7 Protection of environmental defenderWhat’s next?
Our proposal
1 Research topic•Comparative
Click to edit
text
styles consideration
studyMasterconcerning
environmental
schemeof several
international financial institutions (ex. ADB,– SecondlevelEIB), focusing on PP• Third level2 Background– Fourth level
International financial institutions have played an important role
» Fifth levelin how to effectively consider environmental aspects.
Each institution has its own system for environmental
consideration. However, there is no comprehensive research on
such a mechanism.
3 MethodComparative study of several systems
Refer to similar system of ODA
Case study taking up some common projects such as dam