日本英文学会第 85 回大会（於東北大学）	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  2013 年 5 月 26 日

語 り か ら 見 た イ ギ リ ス 小 説 の 始 ま り ― Fielding の 語 り ―	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  河崎良二（帝塚山学院大学）

1.

IT is a trite but true Observation, that Examples work more forcibly on the Mind

than Precepts:… (Joseph Andrews I. i. 17)

2.1. “Examples do more compendiously, easily, and pleasantly inform our minds, and direct
our practice, than precepts, or any other way or instrument of discipline.” (Battestin 34)
2.2.

Most interesting with regard to Joseph Andrews is Barrow’s choice of exempla.

His good men are (1) Abraham, illustrative of true faith, and (2) Joseph, the pattern ofchastity. (Battestin 34)
2.3. In order to encourage emulation, the historian must depict the human imperfections,as well as the virtues, of his heroes;… (Battestin 37)

3. But it seems to me possible that Fielding’s comic Biblical mythology may equally stemfrom sermons by divines like Whitefield, with whom he was generally in disagreement.

In

my epigraph to this chapter I quote a specimen of insidious, sly, sentimental rhetoric fromWhitefield’s sermon on “Abraham’s offering up his Son Isaac.”

It could inspire comedy.

(Johnson 77)

4.1. The claim made by Ames that “the calling does not depend on the dignity, honesty,industry, or any endeavor of the ones called, but only upon the election and predestinationof God” appeared to many Anglicans to glorify divine sovereignty at the expense of humanmorality.

“Almost all of them”, said Laud in referring to the Puritans,
say that God from all eternity reprobates by far the greatest part of mankind toeternal fire, without any eye at all to their sin.
abominates.

Which opinion my very soul

For it makes God, the God of all mercies, to [sic] be the most fierce

and unreasonable tyrant in the world. (Ebner 75)
4.2. The most startling thing one notices about these life accounts is that, without
exception, the psychology of conversion and its intricate exploration of spiritual emotions is1

absent. (Ebner 72)
4.3. Domestic events, education, travel, life at court, military service and the sweep ofnational history—these were the subjects which engrossed Anglicans as they reviewed thecourse of their lives, and the result for English autobiography was an enormous increase inbreadth of subject. (Ebner 87)
4.4. … they [Anglican autobiographers] failed to find a way to weld these diverse subjects
into a meaningful unity.

The result in nearly all cases is a tendency toward a digressive

and episodic structure which yields little sense of relationship, suspense, or finality. (Ebner104)

5.1. Man is by nature sociable and disposed to act well; sin is an unnatural deviation fromthis disposition;… (Rivers 77)
5.2. Thus man is seen to possess good nature, candour, and ingenuity, and his temper,complexion, inclination, disposition, constitution, and frame lead him naturally towards
sympathy, benevolence, beneficence, charity, and humanity to his fellows. (Rivers 77)
5.3. Thus Whichcote argues: ‘… Man is a sociable Creature, delights in Company andConverse’. (Rivers 79)

6. To which he answered, ‘he hoped he had profited somewhat better from the Books he had
read, than to lament his Condition in this World.

That for his part, he was perfectly

content with the State to which he was called, that he should endeavour to improve hisTalent, which was all required of him, but not repine at his own Lot, nor envy those of hisBetters.’‘Well said, my Lad,’ reply’d the Curate,… (I. iii. 24-25; emphasis added)

7. ‘As young as you are,’ reply’d the Lady, ‘I am convinced you are no Stranger to that
Passion; Come Joey,’ says she, ‘tell me truly, who is the happy Girl whose Eyes have made aConquest of you?’

Joseph returned, ‘that all Women he had ever seen were equallyindifferent to him.’ (I. v. 29; emphasis added)

8.

‘Sure nothing can be a more simple Contract in a Woman, than to place her

Affections on a Boy.

If I had ever thought it would have been my Fate, I should havewished to die a thousand Deaths rather than live to see that Day.
2

If we like a Man, thelightest Hint sophisticates.

Whereas a Boy proposes upon us to break through all theRegulations of Modesty, before we can make any Oppression upon him.’
not understand a Word she said, answered, ‘Yes Madam;--’Joseph, who did‘Yes Madam!’ reply’d Mrs.

Slipslop with some Warmth, ‘Do you intend to result my Passion?…’ (I. vi. 33)
9. At these Words Barnabas fell a ringing with all the Violence imaginable, upon which a
Servant attending, he bid him ‘bring a Bill immediately: for that he was in Company, foraught he knew, with the Devil himself; and he expected to hear the Alcoran, the Leviathan,or Woolston commended, if he staid a few Minutes longer.’ (I. xvii. 83-84)

10. No, Reader, he felt the Ebullition, the Overflowings of a full, honest, open Heart
towards the Person who had conferred a real Obligation, and of which if thou can’st notconceive an Idea within, I will not vainly endeavour to assist thee. (IV. ix. 310)

11. His irony, far from being radically disturbing like that of Swift, is, in intention,corrective and orthodox; it undermines deviations from a healthy, sensible, social morality,
it prunes society of perversions.

Unlike the irony of Gibbon or Samuel Butler II, it does

not unsettle traditional ethics and Christian orthodoxy—it is the irony of integration
rather than disintegration. (Humphreys 378)

Bibliography
Battestin, Martin C. The Moral Basis of Fielding’s Art: A Study of Joseph Andrews.
Connecticut: Wesleyan UP, 1959.
Bloom, Harold, ed. Henry Fielding. Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House
Publishers, 1987.
Chafe, Wallace. Discourse, Consciousness, and Time: The Flow and Displacement ofConscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1994.
Downie, J. A., ed. Henry Fielding in Our Time: Papers presented at the Tercentenary

Conference. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008.
Ebner, Dean. Autobiography in Seventeenth-Century England: Theology and the Self. The3

Hague: Mouton, 1971.
Fielding, Henry. Amelia.

Ed. Martin C. Battestin. Connecticut: Wesleyan UP, 1983.

---. The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling. Ed. Martin C. Battestin. Connecticut: Wesleyan
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Starr, George. Defoe and Spiritual Autobiography. 1965. New York: Gordian Press, 1971.
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