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laZjdf k|fs[lts ljkb\x?nfO bLuf] ljsf;df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] afwssf ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . ljkb\x?af6
lz3| k'gnf{e Pj+ a:g of]Uo zx/x?sf] k'glg{df{0fsf]nflu ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pko'Qm lgoGq0f
cfjZos x'G5. ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf cGtu{t Ifltu|:t ejgx? tyf eUgfjz]if, elTsPsf ef}ltsk"jf{wf/x? -;8s, 9n, vfg]kfgL, lah'nL, ;~rf/ cflb_, sf7, afn'jf / cGo k|fs[lts tTjx? kb{5g\. ljkb\hGo s[ofsnfkx?af6 dfq geO{ ljkb\ kZrft ul/g] k'gnf{e tyf k'glg{df{0fsfs[ofsnfkx?n] klg kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg ub{5g\ .
;g\ @)!% sf] e"sDk, ;g\ @)!& tyf @)!( sf] af9L / ;g\ @)!( sf] rs|jftsf xfn}sf] cg'ejn]g]kfndf klg ljkb\sf] k|sf/ cg';f/ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pT;h{g ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!%sf] e"sDkn] a9Lh;f] gi6 tyf Ifltu|:t ePsf 3/x?af6 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf]
pT;h{g u/]sf] lyof]. t/, ljz]if1tf tyf k|fljlws 1fgsf] cefjn] ubf{ lgdf{0fhGo kmf]x/x?sf]
plrt Aoa:yfkg ug{ ;lsPsf] lyPg. a9Lh;f] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf tNnf] hdLg k'g{, ;8ssf
u8\9fx? k'g{, glb tyf vf]nfgfnfx?sf] t6df km\of+Sg -dumping_ / kxf8L e"–efudf hdLg
k'gMk|fKt ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . ljkb Aoa:yfkgsf] rs| / ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf]
k"0f{ rqmsf] klxrfg k|yd tyf dxTjk"0f{ sbd x'g]5 . ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf ;xh?kdf x6fpg](removal), 5'6\ofpg], tyf plrt Aoa:yfkg ug]{, ljkb\ kZrftsf] cfsl:ds k|lts[of emergency response_, k'gnf{e -recovery_ tyf k'glg{df{0f -reconstruction_ clt cfjZos
tTjx? x'g\ .
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ug'{k5{ To;df km/x dt 5}g t/ s:tf k|s[ltsf kmf]x/nfO{ s:tf k|ljlwsf] cg';/0f ul/ s] kbfy{
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Kofl;lkms, ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf nfO{ g]kfnLdf cg'jfb ug]{ sf]lzz :j?k of]lgb]{lzsf ag]sf] xf] . cg'jfb ug]{ lznlznfdf ljleGg ;/sf/L tYofÍ / ln8 g]kfnsf] cfkm\g}cWoog / cg';Gwfgaf6 lg:s]sf] tYofÍx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o; lgb]{lzsf cg'jfb ug{ ;xof]uLe"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ePsf k|f= 8f= ld;'h' c;f/L / l;Gtf/f] lxufzL tyf ln8 g]kfnsf] sfo{qmdk|aGws s?0ff clwsf/L Pj+ ;"rgf k|ljlw clwsf/L /fhg k+u]gLnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ .
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kl/ro .......................................................................................... 1lgb]{lzsfsf] pkof]lutf ........................................................................ 1k"j{ljkb\sf /0fgLlts pkfox?sf] cfjZostf ............................................... 1!= Pl;of tyf k|zfGt If]qdf k|fs[lts ljkb\x?M g]kfn ..................................... 3@= Pl;of tyf k|zfGt If]qdf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf ......................................... 4#= ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg / of]hgfsf] l;+xfjnf]sg .............................. 8$= ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg gLlt th{'df .......................................... 18%= ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg afx]ssf cfjZos sfo{x? .......................... 27iAbbreviations & Acronyms
BBB

Build Back Better

CC

Climate Change

CD

Capacity Development

CP

Contingency Plan

DW

Disaster Waste

DWM

Disaster Waste Management

IP

Implementation Plan

MoEJ

Ministry of Environment, Government of Japan

MSW

Municipal Solid Waste

RRP

Risk Reduction Plan

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

TSS

Temporary Storage Sites

WM

Waste Management

3R

Reduce, Reuse, Recycleikl/ros]xL tYo / tYofÍx¿sf cfwf/df g]kfn ljZjdf ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] gSzfÍgdf aL;f}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5eg] g]kfnnfO{ klx/f / af9Lh:tf hnhGo k|sf]ksf] hf]lvdsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 tL;f}+ :yfgdf /flvPsf]
5 . ;fy} hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] cfwf/df g]kfnnfO{ rf}yf] :yfgdf /x]sf] tyf e"sDkLohf]lvdsf b[li6n] P3f/f} :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 .
k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] k'g/fa[lQ g]kfndf a9\bf] qmddf b]lvPsf] 5 eg] zx/L If]qdf klg o;sf] tLa|tf
a9\bf] 5 . ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogn] hLjgof]Uo jftfj/0fsf]
k'gnf{e / ljkb\\ tyf cGo jftfj/0fLo kl/jt{gsf] hf]lvddf sld Nofpg]tkm{ cu'jfO{ ug]5
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lgb]{lzsfsf] pkof]lutf
ljZjel/ Pj+ vf;u/L Pl;of k|zfGt If]qdf tLa| zx/Ls/0f tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjdf
ljkb\sf] k'g/fj[lQ a9\bf] 5 . o;af6 x'g] Iflt klg lazfn k|j[ltsf] x'g] ;Gbe{df tTsfn
cg's"ngsf] cfjZostf ePsf pNn]lvt If]qx?sfnflu of] lgb]{lzsf laz]if u/L pkof]uL x'g]5 .
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Aff/Daf/ 3l6/xg] ljkb\x?sf] nflu k"j{ tof/L;Fu} ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] lj;h{g ug{' k"j{ ljkb\Loof]hgfx? tof/ ug]{ b]zx?sf] ;FVofdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df hfkfg Pp6f pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf/x]sf] 5. Hffkfgsf :yfgLo gu/kflnsfx?sfnflu k"jL{ hfkfgdf ;g\ @)!! Dff cfPsf] dxfe"sDk
tyf sNkgLo x/]s csf]{ 7"nf] ljkb\sf] cg'ej kZrft ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf lj;h{gsf] lglDt k"j{ljkb\Lo of]hgfx? th{'df ug'{ clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5. ;g\ @)!* dfr{df *)% eGbf a9L lk|km]Sr/;/sf/x? / s/La #)% :yfgLo gu/kflnsfx?n] cfkm\gf If]qx?sf]nflu of]hgfx? th{'df ug]{ ck]Iff
ul/Psf] 5 .

k"jl{ jkb\sf /0fgLlts pkfox?sf] cfjZostf
dflg;x? ljkb\ x'g'k"j{ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] Aoa:yfkgtkm{ sd Wofg lbg] ub{5g\ . o2lk, ljkb\
kZrft ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] ckof{Kt Aoa:yfkg tTsfn} ;/;kmfOo'Qm cj:yfdf tyf hLjgof]Uo
jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj kfb{5. Toltdfq geO{ o;n] ljkb\af6 k'gnf{e ug{df cj/f]w v8f
ub{5 / o:tf] cj:yfn] ;dfhdf uDeL/ Iflt k'¥ofpFb5. o;/L, of] lgb]{lzsf ljkb\sf] ;dodf dfq
geO{ ljkb\ kZrftsf] ;dodf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] lj;h{gsf] clu|d tof/L ub}{ k"glg{df0fsfo{nfO{ lz3|tf lbg tyf k|fs[lts >f]tsf] bf]xgdf sld u/fpg o; lgb]{lzsf k|efjsf/L Pj+
pkof]uL l;2 x'g]5 .
ljkb\k"j{ tof/Ln] lgoldt kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] k|ult ;xh agfpg], ljkb\af6 x'g] hf]lvddf sld
Nofpg] tyf Plss[t kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] k|ultdf lg/Gt/ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 .
lhDd]jf/ AolQmx?n] k|ydtM ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] Aoa:yfkgnfO{ ulx/fOdf a'em\g' kb{5 / gLlt
lgdf{tfx? nufot gful/sx?nfO k"j{tof/Lsf] dxTjnfO :ki6 kfg{' kb{5. h'g ubf{ lgoldtkmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] IfdtfnfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ ljkbLo of]hgfx?af6 z'?jft u/L k"jl{ jkbLoof]hgfx?sf] th'{df / ltgnfO{ /0fgLlts ?kdf ljsf; ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
1ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] /0fgLlts ;alns/0f•lgb]{lzsfsf ck]lIft k|of]ustf{o; lgb]{lzsfn] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsfnflu lhDd]jf/ ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yflgo txsf;/sf/x? nlIft ub{5 . ;a} txsf ;/sf/sf] ;+/rgf km/s x'g] ePtf klg ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf
Aoa:yfkgsfnflu s'g zfvf jf dxfzfvf lhDd]jf/ x'g] tyf cGo ;DalGwt dxfzfvfx?l;ts;/L ;dGjo ug]{] ;f] to ug{' h?/L x'G5 . ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgdf ;+nUg x'g ;Sg]
;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx? tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? klg of] lgb]{lzsfsf
nlIft k|of]ustf{ x'g . w]/} k|sf/sf k|sf]kx? 3l6t x'g] ePtf klg of] lgb]{lzsf k|fs[lts k|sf]kx?dfs]lGb|t 5 .
Pl;of tyf k|zfGt If]qsf ljleGg b]zx?
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ljljwtf ePsf] kfOG5 . oL b]zx?aLr 7f]; Pj+ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] k|s[lt tyf To;sf] kl/df0f/ ltgsf] Aoa:yfkg k|0ffnL tyf k|ljlwx? km/s km/s x'G5g\ . t;y{, of] If]qdf ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf ultljlw tyf ;+hfnx?nfO k|j4{g ug{ ljBdfg cGt/fnx?, leGgtfx? tyfljz]iftfx?nfO /fd|/L aem\g' kb{5 . k|:yfg ljGb'sf ?kdf of] lgb]{lzsfn] ;"rgf tyf /fd|fcEof;x?nfO afF8kmfF8 ug]{ x]t'n] o; If]qaf6 ljleGg pbfx/0fx?sf] ;Fu|x ug{ sf]lzz u/]sf] 5 .

2

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k|fs[lts ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoa:yfkg
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k|of;x?sf] pknlAwx? ljkb\ cfPsf] v08df Ps If0fdf lanfpg ;Sb5g\ . ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf]
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tn b]vfOPsf lrqx?n] (tflnsf g+= !=! / tflnsf g+= !=@) ljkb\sf] ;+VofTds k|j[lQnfO lrq0f
ub{5 . laz]if u/L Pl;ofdf ljut %) aif{df ljkb\x?sf] ;+Vof tLa| ultdf a[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf]
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tflnsf @=! g]kfndf ;g\ @)!! b]lv ;g\ @)!( ;Dd 36]sf k|d'v k|fs[lts ljkb\x?
36gf
e'sDk -a}zfv !@, @)&@_
af9L -@)&$_
xfjfx'/L kfgL -@)&% r}q !&k|efljt
lhNnf

#!
#%
@

d[To' ;+Vof

elTsPsf 3/

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3/@(*,((*!()))(%%

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/!@^ ld=6g#*)) 6g!@=* 6g
4

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af9L -@)&^ >fj0f_

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!!%

^&$##

!#%( 6g

laleGg ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfx?sf] Aoa:yf s;/L ug]{Mljkb\ ePsf] cj:yfdf lgoldt dxfgu/Lo kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;fy} vfnL ul/g] 7fpFx? (Evacuation
centers) af6 pTkflbt kmf]x/, c:yfO zf}rfnoaf6 lgl:sg] lb;f lk;fa hGo kmf]x/ nufot
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf klg pTkfbg x'G5g\ (tlnsf @=!) . tL kmf]x/d}nfnfO{ tTsfn} / pko'Qm 9+un]
Joj:yfkg ul/g' kb{5 . o:tf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ubf{ lgDg cfjZos tof/L tyf lg/fs/0fsf
pkfox?df Wofglbg' cfjZos x'G5 .
•hLpwgsf]hf]lvd tyf vt/f•
hg–:jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0fdf kg]{ hf]lvd•b}lgs gu/Lo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgdf kg]{ k|efj•
cfly{s k|efj ->f]tsf] Ifdtf tyf bIftf÷d"Nosf] k|efjsf/Ltf tyf kmfObf_•
pTyfgzLntf -;d'bfo, ;+rf/, dlxnf, tflnd_
tflnsf @=@M ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf k|sf/x?
b}lgs?kdf 3/w'/Laf6 lg:sg] kmf]x/x? kb{5g\3/fo;L kmf]x/
ljkb\sf] a[nfdf vfln ul/Psf 7fpFaf6 lgl:sg] kmf]x/ h:t}vfln Kofs]6, k|of]udf gcfpg] vfln efF8fx?, k'/fgf nQf
vfnL ul/g] 7fpFsf] kmf]x/
sk8f, sf8{af]8{, sfuh tyf cGo kmf]x/x? kb{5g\ .
c:yfO{ 6x//sf zf}rfnosf lb;fhgo kmf]x/ tyf ljkb\sf]
lb;fhGo kmf]x/;dodf gfnL km"6L hyfeflj au]sf 9n kb{5 .
elQmPsf 3/sf eUgfjz]if tyf Ifltu|:t ejgx? eTsfpFbf
lg:sg] kmf]x/x? tyf tflnsf @=# df tflnsfa2 u/]sf ;a}ljkb\hGo kmf]x/
k|sf/sf kmf]x/x? kb{5g\ .
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf k|sf/x? tyf a:t'x?M
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf cGtu{t Ifltu|:t ejgx? tyf eUgfjz]if, elTsPsf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x? -;8s,9n, vfg]kfgL, lah'nL, ;~rf/ cflb_, sf7, afn'jf / cGo k|fs[lts tTjx? kb{5g\ . ljkb\hGos[ofsnfkx?af6 dfq geO{ ljkb\ kZrft ul/g] k'gnf{e tyf k'glg{df{0fsf s[ofsnfkx?n] klg
kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg ub{5g\ .

kmf]x/d}nfsf] ?kdf pTkGg x'g] a:t'x?sf] klxrfg plrt kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] lglDt cTofjZos
x'G5 .
tflnsf @=# df ljkb\sf] k|sf/ cg';f/ pTkGg x'g] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] juL{s/0f b]vfOPsf] 5 .
Kfmf]xf]/sf jlu{s/0fljkb\hgo kmf]x/sf lsl;ds'lxg] kmf]x/
ejg lgdf{0f ;fdu|L

Dff6f]af6 pAhfp x'g] vfb\o j:t' nufot kft klt+u/ tyf
sf7, sf7sf] w'nf]
s+lqm6, O6\6f, P;a]i6;,:6Ln, /a/, l;nfj/ nufotsf ;fdu|Lx?

3/sf6 lgl:sg] kmf]x/

vfb\ohGo kmf]x/, sfk]{6, sfuh, sf7sf] w'nf], kf]sf]kf/]sf ;fdu|Lx?
(Packaging materials), 3/sf kmlg{r/x?, cGo -Knfli6s, sf8{ af]8{5

ldl>t kmf]x/
ljw'lto pks/0f;jf/LhGo kmf]x/k|zf]wgsf nflu cK7\of/f] kg]{kmf]x/x?
xflgsf/s kmf]x/
pb\of]uhGo kmf]x/;'/lIft v'Nnf :yfgaf6
lg:sf;g ePsf kmf]x/x?

cfbL_, kmf]6f] PNad, u/uxgf, k};f cfbL
s+lqm6, sf7sf w'nf], ;L;f, Knfli6s, df6f], jfn'jfsf] ld>0f
ljkb\sf sf/0fn] IfltePsf 6]lnlehg, jfl;ª\ d]l;g, oc/ sl08:g/, k+vf,
sDKo'6/ cfbL
ljkb\sf sf/0fn] IfltePsf uf8L, df]6/;fOsn, ;fOsn cfbL
vt/fhGo ;fdu|L h:t} kmfo/ Pl:6ªlUj;/, l;ln08/ cfbL, k'g rlqmok|of]udf nfg jf clGtd lj;h{sf] nflu sl7gfO x'g] ;fdu|Lx? h:t} /;folgsaf]8{
OGwg t]n, ljifflb, /;folgs dn, /+u, :jf:YohGo kmf]x/, /;folgs kmf]x/,cf}iflwhGo kmf]x/, kf/f] tyf l;;f (lead) ldl;Psf ;fdu|L cfbL
7"nf] dfqfdf lg:sf;g x'g] kmf]x/ h:t} sRrf kbfy{, /]lk|mh]/]6/;lxt To;df/x]sf ;fdu|Lx?, pks/0f nufotsf pb\of]u ;~rfngdf k|of]ux'g] ;a} k|ljlw
tyf pks/0fx?
;'/lIft v'Nnf :yfgaf6 lg:sf;g ePSf kmf]x/x? h:t} vfP/ ar]sf vfgf,
pb\bf/ ;fdu|Lsf Kofs]lhª, kfgLsf af]tn, lb;fhGo kmf]x/ cfbL

;Gbe{ ;fdu|LM ;fwf/0f tyf If]q ljz]if kmf]x/d}nf – hfkfgsf] pbfx/0f
Pl;of tyf k|zfGt If]qdf Pp6f ;femf r'gf}ltsf] ?kdf efG5fsf] kmf]x/ tyf sf7 ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nfdf kb{5g\ . jftfj/0fsf] ;'/Iff tyf k"grqm0f k|lsofnfO{ :jt:km"t{ agfpgsf] nflu o;sf]
rfF8f] eGbf rfF8f];+af]wgx'g' h?/L 5 . k|of]u cof]Uo /]lkm|h/]6/x?af6 ;+sng ul/Psf] efG5fsf]
kmf]x/nfO k|fyldstf lbg' kb{5. sf7nfO c? kmf]x/d}nfaf6 zL3| 5'6\ofPdf To;sf] recycling sf];+efjgf a9\g hfG5. ;d'b|L kfgLaf6 k|efljt ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pkrf/df klg Wofg lbg' kb{5.
g"lgnf] kfgL ;lxtsf] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfnfO ;Lw} lj;h{g ul/Pdf To:n] pkrf/ ;'ljwfx?
(Treatment facilities) nfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg ;Sb5. o; k|sf/sf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfnfO aiff{sf]kfgLdf s]xL ;do 5f]l8lbPdf ltgsf] g"lgnf]kgf sd x'G5. of] ;a}eGbf ;/n k"j{ k|zf]wg -pretreatment_ x'g ;Sb5. kmf]x/d}nf If]qLo ljz]iftfx? cg';f/ vf; k|sf/sf x'G5g\ / ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nf klg o:df ckjfb xf]Og .
tflnsf g+= @=$ g]kfndf pT;h{g x'g] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;fdfGo juL{s/0fnfO k|:t't ul/Psf]
5.
ljkb\sf k|sf/-kmf]x/ pTkfbg ** af/Daf/ * ;fdfGo
e'sDk af9L
klx/f]
cfuhgLljkb\ k|ltlqmof / p4f/ cjlwdf ;[lht ljkb\hGo kmfxf]/d}nf
3/w'/L x/]s lbg 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]x/****

ljkb\ bf}/fg tyf kZrft >[lht ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nflgoldtkmf]x/
lgsf;L lzlj/s]Gb|af6kmf]x/d}nfd[t dflg; /kz'k+IfLx?sf] zj
dnd"qlgsf; lzlj/df ;[lht kmf]x/d}nf h:t} k|of]u**
ul/Psf Knfl:6s sk, Kn]6, nQfsk8f, sG6]g/,sf8{af]8{, /fxtsf ;fdfu|Lx? OTofbLd/]sf dflg; tyf kz'k+IfLx?sf] zjx?sf] rf8f] ****Joj:yfkg u/L hg:j:Ydf c;/ kg{ glbg'
c:yfoL zf}rfnoaf6 lgsf;L / kmf]x/ kfgLsf]**
ljkb\ k|ltlqmof / p4f/ kl5 ;[lht ljkb\hGo kmfxf]/d}nf

3/leqsf ;fdfu|L
ljB'lQo
l6=eL=, jfl;8 d]l;g, P=;L=, h:tf Ifltu|:t;dfu|Lx?
ePsf ljB'lQo ;fdfu|Lx? ljkb\ k|efljt
3/x?af6 lgisfzg

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6

d"Nojfg a:t'x?
kmlg{r/u/uxgf, ?k}ofF, k':ts, kmf]6f] / cGo d'Nojfg
j:t'x?
cf]5\ofg / u2f, 6]jn, s';L{, kmnfd tyf
Knfl:6ssf kmlg{r/ OTofbL
Ifltu|:t efG5fsf a:t'x?, Uof; r"nf], Uof;l;ln08/, cGo a:t'x?

efG5fsf;dfu|Lx?
ljlu|Psf]
Wj:t ejg tyf OF6f, 9'+uf, afn'jf ldl;|t kmf]x/, l6Da/, sf7sf
k"jf{wf/
6'qmf, ef/L a:t'x?, ljB'lto tf/ tyf aNax?,;fdfu|Lx?
ljd tyf lkn/x?sf] eUgfjz]if
aflx/af6 l;lh{t kmf]x/
c6f]df]jfOn
Ifltu|:t ;jf/L ;fwgx? h:t} sf/, df]6f]/;fOsn, ;fOsn OTofbLcf}Bf]lus kmf]x/, ef/L kmf]x/d}nf, vt/fgfs kmf]x/d}nf, vfB
Joj;flos kmfx/ kmf]x/d}nf, sRrf kbfy{sf kmf]x/d}nf, ljleGgcf}Bf]lus tyf Jofkfl/s kmf]x/d}nfx?
9'jfgLul/sf ;;fgf b]vL 7"nf 9'+uf, y'kfl/Psf afn'jf, df6f]sf
lyu|f]
lyu|f] OTofbL
xl/t kmf]x/d}nf jg:klt h:t} 9]nsf af]6lj?jf, OTofbL

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;g\ @)!% sf] e"sDksf] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] Aoa:yfkgM g]kfnsf] pbfx/0f
kxf8 tyf t/fO{sf] af9Lu|:t If]qdf a9\bf] cAoal:yt a;f]af; tyf zx/Ls/0fsf] k|j[ltn]dflg;x?nfO{ e"sDk, af9L tyf klx/f]sf] hf]lvdx? k|lt phfu/ ul/lbPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!% sf]
e"sDk, ;g\ @)!& tyf @)!( sf] af9L / ;g\ @)!( sf] rs|jftsf xfn}sf] cg'ejn] g]kfndf klg
ljkb\sf] k|sf/ cg';f/ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pT;h{g ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!% sf] e"sDkn]
a9Lh;f] gi6 tyf Ifltu|:t ePsf 3/x?af6 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pT;h{g u/]sf]lyof]. t/, ljz]if1tf tyf k|fljlws 1fgsf] cefjn] ubf{ lgdf{0fhGo kmf]x/x?sf] plrt Aoa:yfkg
ug{ ;lsPsf] lyPg. a9Lh;f] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf tNnf] hdLg k'g{, ;8ssf u8\9fx? k'g{, glb tyfvf]nfgfnfx?sf] t6df km\of+Sg -dumping_ / kxf8L e"–efudf hdLg k'gMk|fKt ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf]lyof] . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kmf]x/ s]lx ;do kZrft kmf]x/d}nf cf];fg]{ ufl8x? rnfpgsfnflu
cf]v/kf}jf -l;;8f]n_ Nof08lkmn;fO6sf] kx+'rdfu{df k|of]u ul/Psf]lyof] .

Wfft'sf 6's|f6fls| -scrap_, km'6]sf
lzzfx?, ljB'tLo -electronic_kmf]x/x? eg] kmf]x/ ;+snsx?af6;+sng u/L cGttM ltgsf] k'gM rqm–Recycling_ sf] nflu ef/tdf
k7fOPsf] lyof] .

lrq g+= @=!

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] k|sf/ /ltgsf] ;+/rgfM
kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;+/rgf ljkb\sf] k|sf/
tyf dfqf -scale_ cg';f/ Aofks?kdf km/s x'g] ePtf klg ch}ljs7kmf]x/sf] cg'kft pRr g} x'g] ub{5 . t;y{, w]/} cj:yfx?df a:t'x?sf] pRr bIftfk0f{ recyclingsf] cfjZostf x'g] ub{5. Vff;u/L e"sDkdf hlt ejgx? tyf c? k"jf{wf/x? Ifltu|:t x'G5g\
kmf]x/d}nfdf Tolts} l;d]G6 h:tf] lgdf{0fhGo ;fdu|Lx? x'g] ub{5 -lrq g+= @=! df b]vfOP h:t}_.
k"jL{ hfkfgdf uPsf] dxfe"sDk Pp6f ljlzi6 pbfx/0f xf] . o:tf lsl;dsf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/x? sf]
k'gMk|of]usf] k|of; ;'lglZrt ul/Psf]] lyof] .
s'dfdf]tf] sf] e"sDkaf6 ljz]if lsl;dsf] tYof+s ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df kmf]x/d}nfsf];+/rgf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;|f]tdf lge{/ /xg] tYo kb{5 . tflnsf @.$ n] b]vfOP cg';f/ljkb\ 36]sf] s]lx ;dod} ldl>t tyf afNgof]Uo -combustible_ kmf]x/d}nfsf] cg'kft pRr x'G5
h:sf] d'Vo sf/0f 3/x?sf] ;kmfOaf6 pTkGg x'g] kmf]x/d}nf g} xf]. ljkb\af6 k'gnf{esf] r/0fdf
d'Votof ejgx?sf] tf]8kmf]8 -demolition_ sf] sf/0fn] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pT;h{gdf a[l4 x'g
hfG5 / ch}ljs kmf]x/d}nfsf] cg'kft klg a9\g hfG5. yfONof08df cfPsf] af9Ln] -lrq @-!_;a}eGbf a9L sf7sf] kmlg{r/hGo kmf]x/d}nf /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

#= ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg / of]hgfsf] l;+xfjnf]sg• ljkb Aoa:yfkgsf] rs| / ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] k"0f{ rqmsf] klxrfg
k|yd tyf dxTjk"0f{ sbd x'g]5 .
• ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf ;xh?kdf x6fpg] (removal), 5'6\ofpg], tyf plrt
Aoa:yfkg ug]{, ljkb\ kZrftsf] cfsl:ds k|lts[of -emergency response_,k'gnf{e -recovery_ tyf k'glg{df{0f -reconstruction_ clt cfjZos tTjx? x'g\ .
• k|efjsf/L ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg k|flKtsf nflu cfktsflng of]hgfsf]
th'{df -cg'dflgt ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg ;lxt_, kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf]
xfnsf] k|0ffnL tyf Ifdtfaf/] hfgsf/L / cfjZos ls|ofsnfkx? Pj+ ;|f]tx?sf]
klxrfg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ .
7n" f ljkb\x? tyf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg rqmM
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] cfwf/e"t Aoa:yfkg rs|nfO{ a'e\mg dxTjk0f{ x'G5. Vff;u/L, 7"nfljkb\x?sf] laifodf sfd ubf{ kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf]nflu k"j{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgf -contingency
plan_ th'{dfsf ;fy;fy} cfsl:ds r/0fb]lv k'gnf{e tyf k'glg{df{0fsf] r/0f;Dd bL3{sfnLgof]hgfsf] ljsf; cfjZos x'G5. kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgl;t ;xof]u tyf ;dem dfq geO{ ljkb\sf]/f]syfd tyf cfsl:ds k|lts[of klg h?/L x'G5g\ .

8k|s[ltsf ljkb\ tyf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] Aoa:yfkg rqm
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;fdu|L tyf ;dodf cfwfl/t of]hgfx? tyf sfo{x? th'{df ug{sfnflu s]lx
r/0fx? 5g\ . k|ydtM b'O{ k|sf/sf of]hgfx? 5g\ h:t} cfktsflng ljkb\ tof/L of]hgf /sfof{Gjog of]hgf -Implementation plan_ k"j{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgf ljkb\ 3l6t ePsf] ;dodfs;/L k|lts[of ug]{ / ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] lj;h{g s;/L ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf lglb{i6 ug]{
cfktsflng of]hgf xf] . sfof{Gjog of]hgf / k"j{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgf k|of]u u/L af:tljs
k|lts[ofsf gLltx? ;+sng ug]{ / ljkb\ 3l6t eP nuQ} jf:tlas ljkb\sf] cj:yf kQf nufpg]of]hgf xf] . k/]sf] v08df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f of]hgfdf tTsfn ckgfpg] pkfox? (Countermeasures) klg ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 .

sfo{;Dkfbg ul/g]] cfwf/df klg o;nfO{ tLg efudf ljeflht ul/Psf] 5 . ljkb\ kZrftsf]kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg (Post-DWM) ;a}eGbf cfwf/e"t xf] / o;nfO of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf e08f/0f:ynx?sf] ;'/Iff ljkb\ 3l6t x'g' cufj} ;DkGg ul/Psf] v08df sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 .
Hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f of]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf olb ;+efljt kmf]x/d}nfdf sld Nofpg] sfo{ sfof{Gjogul/of] eg] yf]/} kl/df0fdf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pT;h{g x'g] 5 . ;fy}, ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf
Aoa:yfkgsf oL tof/Lx?n] c? ;fdfGo ;dodf k"j{ kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] k|ult tyf;alns/0fdf k|f]T;fxg ug{ ;s\Yof] .
oL ;DaGwx?nfO Wofgdf /fVb} k"j{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgfsf] th'{df klxnf] kfOnf x'g' kb{5 .
9tof/L, ljkb\k"j{ tof/L of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgfM
of]hgfx? tyf sfo{x? ljsf; ug{ s]lx sbdx? -steps_ 5g\ h'g ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;fdu|L
tyf ;dodf e/ kb{5 .

k|ydtM ljkb\ k"j{ tof/L of]hgf -CP_ / sfo{ of]hgf -IP_ u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf of]hgfx? 5g\ . CP
ljkb\ k"j{sf] of]hgf xf] h:n] ljkb\ 36]sf] cj:yfdf s;/L k|ltls|of ug]{ / ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf]
lj;h{gsf] sfo{ s;/L cl3 a9fpg] eGg] af/]df lglb{i6 ub{5 . IP ljkb\kZrftsf] of]hgf xf] h:n]ljkb\ 36]sf] t'?Gt kZrft CP k|of]u u/L af:tljs k|lts[ofsf gLltx?sf] ;+u|x Pj+
ljkb\sf]af:tljs cj:yf kQf nufpFb5. s'g} s'g} kl/l:yltx?df hf]lvd sld of]hgf -RDP_
cGtu{t hf]lvd sd ug{ hjfkmL pkfox? -counter measures_ sf] ;+u|x ug{ ;+ej x'G5 .
sfo{x?sf] ;fdu|Lsf] ;DaGwdf of] klg tLg efudf ljeflht ul/Psf] 5 . ljkb\ 36\g' cufj} olbof]hgf lgdf{0f / e08f/0fsf] ;'/Iff k"/f x'g ;s]df Post- DWM ;a}eGbf cfwf/e"t xf] eg] o:nfO
jfwf/lxt ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5. Hff]lvd sd ug{] of]hgfx?sf] af/]df olb ;Defljt
kmf]x/d}nf sd ug]{ sfo{ sfof{Gjog ul/Pdf yf]/} kl/df0fdf dfq ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pT;h{g x'G5 .
;fy}, ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf]nflu ul/g] oL tof/Lx?n] ;fdfGo ;dodf ul/g]
kmf]x/d}nfsf] k"j{ Aoa:yfkgsf] k|ult tyf ;b[l9s/0fnfO k|f]T;fxg lbG5 . oL ;DaGwx?nfO dggub}{ CP sf] tof/L klxnf] sbd xg' kb{5 . ljkb\sf] 36gf k"j{ tyf kZrft ul/g] of]hgf tyf
sfo{x?sf] laj/0f lrq g+= #=@ df b]vfOPsf] 5 .

10ljkb\

of]hgfe}k/L cfpg]of]hgfsfof{Gjog of]hgf

ultljlwhf]lvd Go"gs/0fof]hgfhf]lvd Go"gLs/0fM kmf]x/
Go"lgs/0fsf ;Defljt
of]hgfx? -kl/gfd tyf
kl/df0f_k"j{ tof/LM vfsf tof/L,
e08f/0f :ynsf];'lglZrtf, ;Ifd
agfpg]

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/

hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f;fdfGo cj:yfsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg k"j{ tof/Lsf
k|utL tyf ;'wf/x?

cg'ejsf] cfwf/df
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{

lrq #=@: ljkb\sf] 36gf k"j{ tyf kZrft ul/g] of]hgf tyf sfo{x?
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] cfwf/e"t k|jfxM
7"nf tyf hf]lvdk"0f{ a:t'x? nufot ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfx?sf] pkrf/sf] nflu tL a:t'x?nfO
hLjgf]kof]uL jftfj/0faf6 x6fO{ tTsfn} c:yfO e08f/0f :ynx?df /flvg' kb{5 . To;kl5
cnUofpg] sfo{ jf dWojlt{ pkrf/nfO k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;DkGg ul/g' kb{5 hals k'gMk|of]u,k'gMrs| tyf pko'Qm pkfox?n] k5\ofog] 5g\ . s]lx cj:yfx?df k|efljt If]qx?af6 la:t[t If]qsf]
pkrf/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; ;DaGwdf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pkrf/sf] k|jfx lrq #.# dfb]vfOPsf] 5 .

11of]hgf tyf Joj:yfkg;kmfO{ tyf;+sng;+u|lxt tyf
jlu{s/0f
k'gMrlqmo tyf
k'gMk|of]luo
clu|d k|;f]wg

clGtd lj;h{gdWod k|;f]wg-elids/0f_

lrq #.#
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] ljkb\ e}k/L of]hgfsf d'Vo ;fdu|LMk"j{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgfsf d'Vo ;fdu|Lx? lgDg adf]lhd 5g\ .
• ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] kl/df0fsf] cg'dfgM c:yfO e08f/0f :ynx?af/] cg'dfgM :ynx?sf]
cfjZos ;+Vof, cfjZos Ifdtf÷If]qkmn, 5'§} unloading sf] gS;f -layout_, :ynut
6«flkmssf] nfOg, ko{j]Ifsx?sf] Aoa:yf OToflb .
• gLlh If]q tyf :jo+;]jL ;d"xx? nufot jt{dfg k|0ffnL / kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg tyf k'gMrs| recycle_ sf] Ifdtf klxrfg ug]{M kmf]x/d}nf ;+snsx?, pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfosx?, recycleug]{x?, :jo+;]jL p4f/ ;+3;+:yfx?l;t ljkb\sf] ;dodf cfkl; ;xof]usf]nflu ;dembf/L toug]{ .
• pkrf/sf] ;do/]vf cg';f/ cfjZos ls|ofsnfkx? kl/eflift ug]{ / o:tf ls|ofsnfkx?
;+rfng ug{ cfjZos hgzlQm tyf pks/0fx?sf] cf+sng ug]{ .
• ljkb\ kZrft tTsfn} ug{' kg]{ sfo{x? ;'emfpg] jf tf]Sg], ;+:yfut k|aGw / sfof{Gjogsf]nflu
cfjZos ;|f]t;fwgx?df klg ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ .
• d'b\bfx?nfO a'em]/ ;fdfGo ;dodf ljBdfg kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg / 3R k|0ffnLnfO ;'wfg]{ .
• clg0f{osf] cj:yf jf xtf/df ul/g] c;+ut lg0f{ox?af6 hf]lu+b} cfjZos x'g] aflx/L ;xof]u
klxrfg ug]{ .
• gful/sx? / Aoa;fox?nfO tof/L cj:yfdf /xgsfnflu k"j{ ;"rgf lbg] .
• 5'§f5'§} -ljeflht_ k|zf]wgn] jftfj/0fdf sd ef/ kg]{ u/L l;3| k'gnf{edf of]ubfg k'Ug]af/]
gful/sx? tyf Aoa;fox?nfO ;r]t ug]\{ .

12ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] e}k/L of]hgfsf d'Vo ;fdu|L;fdu|Lhf]lvd Go"lgs/0f of]hgfe}k/L of]hgf!=
clws[t÷6f]nL÷ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nf;Fu;DalGwt;+:yfx?
@=;/f]sf/jfnfx?

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf
nfuL clwsf/L÷6f]nL / ;+:yf clg
tLgsf e'ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Lx?
tf]Sg] -lb;fhGo / vfnL u/fOPsf]
7fpFsf kmf]x/ ;dfj]z_#= ;d'bfo;/f]sf/jfnf;+usf] ;+hfn tyf;xfotf klxrfg, h:t} u}/;/sf/L;+:yf, / ;d'bflos ;d"x h:df
o'jf tyf dlxnf ;d"x ;dfj]z$= ljkb\sf
k|sf/

ljkb\ lsl;dsf cfwf/df ljkb\hGo
Joj:yfkgsfljz]iftfx?sf]
klxrfgsfof{Gjog of]hgf•
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] 6f]nL
u7g tyf ;dGjog;/f]s/jfnf;+usf] ;+hfn tyf;xfotf klxrfg, h:t} 6f]nL,;DalGwt dGqfno, :yflgo lgsfo-;x/–;x/_, lghL If]q -;xof]u;Demf}tf_, / ;+rf/ ;d"xx?

s=
ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkgfsf];+:yfut;+/rgf•ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] 6f]nL u7g,
sd{rf/Lsf] sfd kl/qmd0f;dy{s, jfXo÷cfGtl/s stf{x?, cGo;/f]s/jfnfx?sf] ;dGjog

k|zf+lus tYof+s ;+sngsf] kxn -;/f]s/jfnfx?sf];xfotfdf_
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ kl/df0fsf] cg'dfg / o;sf]k|;f]wg Ifdtf
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ k|;f]wg ug{nfO{ dfgj ;+;fwg,
k|fljlws / cfly{s ;|f]tsf] lglZrttfe}k/L of]hgfsf] cfwf/df sfof{Gjog of]hgfsf]
cfwf/e"t ;"rgfsf] ljsf;
tof/L tyf ;dGjogv=k|zf]wg k|jfx%=ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nfsf]•

kmf]x/d}nf

Joj:yfkg pTkflbt ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf]
kl/df0f cf+sng ljlwsf] klxrfg;/f]s/jfnf;+u sfof{Gjog of]hgsf] kl/ro tyf
5nkmne}k/L of]hgfsf] cfwf/df c:yfoL ;fO6 aGb ug{sfnflu 5nkmn
cfsl:ds ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'aGw j[xt ;Demf}tf_
c:yfoL rkL{x? / To;sf dnd"qx?sf] of]hgf tyf
vfnL 7fpFaf6 pTkflbt ljkb\hGo kmf]x/af/] 5nkmn
c:yfO{
klxnf]
klxnf] c:yfO{ e08f/0f :yn 5gf}6
e08f/0f c:yfO{cf];f/k;f/÷c:yfO{ lj;h{g:yne08f/0f
5'6\ofpg] sfo{:yne08f/0f :yn aGb ug]{bf];|f] c:yfO{ bf];|f] c:yfO{ e08f/0f :yn 5gf}6
e08f/0fk|zf]wg ;'ljwfsf] ;'?jft:yn
km'6fpg] tyf 5'6\ofpg]
k|zf]wg ;'ljwfnfO{ aGb ug]{
e08f/0f :yn aGb ug]{
Iflt ePsf k"jf{wf/x? k"0f{ Iflt ePsf 3/x? kmf]8\g] tyf kmf]x/
kmf]8\g] tyf kmf]x/ cf];f/k;f/ ug]{13

;fdu|Lhf]lvd Go"lgs/0f of]hgf;"rgf;DalGw hfgsf/L h:t} kmf]x/d}nfkl/If0f, 3R ;DalGw hgr]tgf
tyf ultljlw, clGtd lj;h{g:yn ;Dd k'Ug] kmf]x/sf] kl/df0f,
clGtd lj;h{g :ynsf] cj:yf
cfbL ;+sng tyf cb\ofjlbs ug]{•k|sf]k hf]lvd gS;f
cg';f/ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg
k|0ffnL ljZn]if0f ug]{^=•
ljkb\sf];donfO{kmf]x/d}nfsf]
dWogh/ub}{kmf]x/d}nfcWoog
Joj:yfkgsf ;'ljwfx?sf] Ifdtf
cg';Gwfg ug]{ tyf k"glg{df{0ftyf ;'wf/sf cfjZostfnfO{ k'/fug]{•
cfjZos kmf]x/d}nfsf;'ljwfsf] tof/L tyf cfjZosd]lzg/L tyf pks/0f vl/b ug]{•
xflgsf/s j:t'x?sf]
Go"lgs/0f&= hgr]tgf •ljb\ofnosf
tyf
jfx\o ljb\ofyLx? ;d'bfonfO{
ultljlw
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg(outreach) ;DalGw hgr]tgf tyf lzIff
k|bfg ug]{•
:yflgo ;/sf/aLrdf
l;sfO{ cfbfgk|bfg sfo{qmd;~rfng ug]{u=gLlt lgod
tyf jh]6*=gLlt, ;DalGwt P]g, lgod tyf of]hgf
lgod, of]hgf ljsf; jf ;+;f]wg
tyf jh]6
jh]6 jfF8kmfF8:j r]s lni6e}k/L of]hgf

sfof{Gjog of]hgf

ug]{cf];f/k;f/ ug]{•kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf]
xfnsf] Ifdtf tyf k|ljlwsf] ;"rL
tof/ u/L xflgsf/s kmf]xf/d}nfsf]
gS;f+sg ug]{•
;DefJoljkb\hGoh;df c:yfO e08f/0f :yn,dWojtL{k|zf]wg
xflgsf/s
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg, clGtdlj;h{g, hgr]tgf tyf ;dGjo
nfO{ ;d]6]/ kmf]x/d}nf k|zf]wg
k|jfxsf] ljsf; ug]{
Tflnd sfo{qmd, ;d'bfo tyf;'/lIft v'Nnf :yfgsf] nflu
;fdu|L tyf pks/0fsf] tof/Lsf;fy hgr]tgf tyf jfx\oulltljlwx?sf] ljsf; ug]{

dWojtL{ k|zf]wg -k'j{ k'g rqm0f ug{ ldNg] ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ s;/L
k|zf]wg_k”grqm0f ug]{ tyf h}ljs] kmf]x/nfO{ s;/L k"gk|of]u ug]{ eg]/ k'g rqm0f sDkgL tyf ls;fg ;Fu
qmd;M 5nkmn ug]{••;x'lnotx?
sf]if ;+sng -of]hgf_

k'g rqm0f ug{ ldNg] ;fdu|Lsf] ;+sngh}ljs kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg

lj;h{g ug]{

:yflgo ;/sf/;Fu a}7s

clGtd lj;h{g ug]{

xflgsf/
Joj:yfkg
cg'udgclGtd lj;h{gkmf]x/ c:yfoL lj;h{g :yn 5fGg] tyf lglZrt ug]{k|b'if0f /f]SgnfO{ jftfj/0f / ljkb\hGo kmf]x/sf]
cg'udg ug]{clGtd lj;h{g -ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ 7fpFsf] of]hgf;dfj]z_14

;fdu|L3=
Ifdtf
clej[l2sfof{zfnfuf]li7, ;r]tgf
tflnd,:ynut e|d0f,hgr]tgf
sfo{qmd cfbL

hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f of]hgf•
gLlt lgdf{tf tyf
sfof{Gjogstf{x?nfO{
Ifdtf
clej[l2 sfo{qmdgLlh If]q tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf
tyf;d'bfox?nfO
hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmde}k/L of]hgf

sfof{Gjog of]hgf
If]qLo ;xof]udWod k|;f]wg, el:ds/0f, clGtd lj;h{g;d'bfo cfwf/

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;d'bfo;+u;Demf}tf, JolQmut ;'/IffTds pks/0fsf] tof/L;+rf/ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgdf ;+rf/ hgr]tgfsf]
sfof{Gjog
vfnL kfl/Psf] :ynsf] kmfxf]/ / c:yfoL rkL{xsfdnd"qsf] Joj:yf
ljlzi6 kl/0ffd h'g sfg'gt kfngf
cfly{s ;xfotfsf] vf]hL, ah]6 ;dGjo;+jo;]js
÷hgr]tf

ljlzi6 ;DaGw

15e}k/L of]hgf th'{df kZrftM

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] laleGg kIfx?df tof/LM ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf]/]vb]v ug]{ ;fj{hlgs clwsf/Lx?, kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg ;+rfnsx?, gful/sx? tyf zx/
nufotnfO clea[l4 ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . -lrq g+= #=$_ h:f ;DaGwL 5nkmn kl/R5]b % df
ul/Psf] 5 . tof/Lsf ;fdu|Lx? Ps cfk;df ufFl;Psf x'G5g\ . of]hgfx?sf] k/LIf0f ltgsf]
sfof{Gjogaf6 ul/G5 .
e}k/L cfpg] of]hgf
k"j{ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;/f]s/jfnf ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf
clej[l4

tflnd÷cEof;;+s6f;Gg cWoog

zx/sf] pTyfglzntf a9fpg] -ejg÷cfjf;, k"jf{wf/, / kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfg ;'ljwf_
JolQm tyf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug]{ ck/]6/sf] pTyfglztf cljj[l4 ug]{
lrq g+= #=$ M e}k/L of]hgf kZrft, tof/L ug]{-s_ k"j{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgfsf] af/]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu lgoldt ;+rf/ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5M cGo If]qx?
tyf gful/sx?aLr ;xof]u;Fu} ;j{;fwf/0fnfO pko'Qm ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ e}k/L of]hgf / ljkb\af6
k'gnf{e of]hgfx?df ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgnfO dxTjsf] :yfgdf /fVg cfjZos x'G5 .
o;sf/0fn] e}k/L of]hgf lgdf{0fdf ;DalGwt laefux?df ;'g'jfO, ;dembf/L tyf ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{
/ ;DkGg of]hgfx?sfaf/]df wf/0ffx? a'e\mg] dfkm{t ;r]tgf k|j4{g ug{ cTofjZos x'G5 .
;Gbe{ ;fdu|LM ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbgsf] kl/df0fsf] cg'dfg
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbgsf] kl/df0f cfFsngsf w]/} ljlwx? 5g\ . lrq g+= #=% / lx;fasf] lgDg
plNnlvt pbfx/0fn] Pp6f gd"gf ljlw b]vfpFb5 .

16

!= ejgsf] Ifltsf] cg'dfg
ejgsf] hfgsf/L
hgu0fgf
cfjf;sf nflu
k|of]u ePsf
hUufsf] tYof+s;+sng
crn ;Dkltsf];+lIfKt hfgsf/L@= ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ pTkfbg ltj|tf ldnfpg'k|sf]ksf] hfgsf/L
dxfdf/LsDkg
cfuhfgL
af9L÷klx/f]
xfjfx'/L÷cl;gfkfgLv8]/L;+/rgf Ifltsf] cfFsng

Ifltu|:t ejgsf] ;+Vof -k"0f{÷cf+lzs Iflt,
k"0f{ 8'jfg÷e'O 8'jfg_

k|sflzt hfgsf/Lk"lj{ hfkfgsf] dxfe"sDkaf6 pTkflbt kmf]x/k|zf]wg k|ltj]bg
cfuhgL tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;+:yfaf6
k|sflzt Ifltsf] k|ltj]bg-k"0f{ Iflt, cf+lzs Iflt ePsf ejgsf] ;+Vof /8'jfgdf k/]sf], e'Odfq 8'jfgdf k/]sf] ;+Vof_

tYof+lso ljZn]if0f
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/sf] jlu{s/0f cg';f/ljkb\hGo kmf]x/sf] pTkfbg dfqf .
uxgtf÷;3gtf -6g÷ejg_ b/

If]q tyf jlu{s/0f cg';f/ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg
kl/df0f
lrq g+= #=% ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pT;h{gsf] cf+sng k|jfx;Gbe{ ;fdu|LM hfkfgdf sfof{Gjog of]hgfx?
of]hgf th{'dfsf] ;dodf 9fFrfx? / e"ldsf ;f6f;f6 ug{' dxTjk0f{ x'G5 . Hffkfgdf k"jL{ hfkfgsf]
dxfe"sDk kZrft 9fFrfx?sf] :yfkgf nufot ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsfnflu of]hgfsf]
lrq0f ug]{ sfddf k|ult ePsf] 5 . ljkb\ sld If]ql;t ;xof]u o:t} k|ultsf] Pp6f ljz]iftf xf] .
cGo zAbdf, ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg gLltnfO ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoa:yfkgsf] cfwf/e"t sfg"g/ u'?of]hgf ;fy;fy} kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg sfg"gsf] cfwf/df nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . o:n] ljkb\sf];dosf] c:tAo:ttfdf klg ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf]nflu z'?jflt sfo{nfO cj/f]w /lxt Pj+ bIf
agfpFb5 . ;fdfGo k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLsf] pkof]u ub}{ /fli6«o ;/sf/, k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo
gu/kflnsfx?sf] ;fydf lnOPsf] txut b[li6sf]0f -Pk|f]r_ csf]{ ljz]iftf xf] . Pp6f ;fdfGo lgod
cg';f/ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] clGtd lj;h{gnfO hfkfgdf gu/kflnsfx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] ?kdf
lnOG5 . t;y{, :yfgLo gu/kflnsfx?af6 k"j{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgfsf] th{'df ug'{ dxTjk0f{ x'G5 .
z'?df of] of]hgfx?sf] th'{df dxfgu/Lo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pkrf/ of]hgf tyf :yfgLo k"j{ ljkb\ tof/Lof]hgfsf] cfwf/df ul/G5 . oBlk, :yfgLo gu/kflnsfsf] IfdtfeGbf aflx/ uPsf] cj:yfx? jf
ljkb\n] Aofks If]qnfO k|efj kf/]sf] v08df k|fb]lzs ;/sf/x?n] agfpg] k"j{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgfx?
klg dxTjk"0f{ x'g hfG5 . b'a} ;/sf/x?nfO d2t ug{sfnflu MoEJ n] ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pkrf/of]hgf tyf k|fljlws tYof+ssfnflu ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg gLlt tof/ u/]sf] lyof] h'g
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsG5 / h:n] gjLg b[li6sf]0f k|bfg ub{5 . lrq g+= #=^ Dff
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg ;DaGwdf cfjZos sfo{of]hgf tyf ;+:yfut Aoa:yf dfb]vfOPsf] 5 .
17

lrq g+= #=^ of]hgf tyf ;+:yfut$= ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg gLlt th{'df• ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf] ?kdf hLjgof]Uo jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f
tyf 3R sf] k|j4{gnfO ;"lra4 ul/Psf] 5. laleGg sf]0faf6 cj:yfsf] k/LIf0f / To;kZrft
pkrf/tkm{ cufl8 a9\g'cfjZos x'G5 .
• ;fwf/0ftof ;a}eGbf a9L xb;Dd pko'Qm Aoa:yfkg x]t' ljBdfg ;'ljwfx? tyf pks/0fx?sf]
pkof]u ug{' g} nIo xf] . o:sfnflu ;fdfGo ;dodf kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg k|0ffnL dxTjk"0f{ x'G5.
• 3R sf] k|j4{g ;Lk, Ifdtf, pkrf/ ljlw, ;fwgx? tyf pknAw pks/0fx?sf] ;fy} ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nfsf] ;|f]tdf e/ kb{5 .
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?M
oxfF ;fdfGo ;dosf] tof/L afx]s ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx? k'li6
ul/Psf] 5 . k|s[of tyf pkrf/ k|jfxsf] af/]df lg0f{o ug{ s7Lg tyf ;/n b'a} kIfsf cj:yfx?
k/LIf0f -laleGg sf]0fx?af6_ ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . :ki6tM ljkb\sf] cj:yf cg';f/ ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg l;4fGtsf] k"0f{ kfngf s7Lg x'g ;Sb5 . kj{ ljkb\ tof/L of]hgfdf
sfof{Gjog of]hgfdf klg k|of]u ug]{ lgotn] oL l;4fGtx? pkof]u u/L counter-measures sf]
5gf]6 ul/G5 .

18

ljkb\ kZrft ;do/]vf tyf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfk|lt k|ltls|ofsf] pbfx/0f lrq g+= $=! tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 519

c:yfO e08f/0f :ynsf] ;'/Iff tyf ;+rfngM
jfwf/lxt pkrf/sf]nflu c:yfO e08f/0f :ynsf] ;'/Iff tyf ;+rfng ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . ;+efAotf;'lglZrt ug{ tflnsf g+= $=! df b]vfOPsf cj:yfx?nfO ljrf/ ub}{ s]lx pDd]bjf/ :ynx?sf]
k/LIf0f ug'{ kb{5. ;+rfng ubf{ cfunfuL tyf jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0faf6 hf]lug ejgx?sf] pFrfOsf]
cg'udg ub}{ cnUofpg] sfo{ -separation_ nfO k|j4{g ug{' kb{5 . gSzf tyf lgodx?sf] clu|dlg0f{o lng' kb{5 .
tflnsf g+= $=! c:yfO e08f/0f :ynx?
kof{Kt :yfg
e08f/0f, ufl8 tyf 5'6\ofpg kof{Kt :yfg x'g'kg]{
Go"g ljkb\ hf]lvd
Jf9Lsf] hf]lvd If]qaf6 6f9f x'g'kg]{;8ssf] ;xh kx'Fr ;s];Dd ljkb\ lkl8t ePsf] :yfgaf6 glhs} -c:ktfn, ljb\ofno tyf cfjf;
If]qaf6 cln 6f9f_ x'g'kg]{
7"nf ;jf/L ;fwg -!) 6g Ifdtfsf] ;Dd_ l5g]{ ;8s ePsf] 7fpFdf x'g'kg]{
s7Lg kIfM pkrf/ ;Lk tyf k|jfx
tflnsf g+= $=@ pkrf/sf] k|fyldstf:jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0fLo hf]lvd sld

3R tyf pko'Qm pkrf/

BBB7"nf] kl/df0fsf] ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nfsf] clGtdlj;h{gsf] 3R k|j4{gljkb\k"j{sf] ;dodf
eGbf a9L alnof]k"jf{wf/x?sf]
k'glg{df{0fdf 6]jf

;d'bfodf nrstf÷hgr]tgf÷tflnd;+u7g÷;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr;dGjo;+hfn÷;"rgf
afF8g]÷;+rf/

Affl;Gbfx? tyf ;d'bfox?af6;dembf/L tyf ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{?k/]vf -9fFrf_ sf] ;+/rgf,
laleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx? tyf;xfotf k|bfos ;F:yfx?aLr;dGjo ug]{;+hfn ;lxt
jfwf/lxt pkrf/,;"rgf tyf ;+rf/a]jfl/; km\ofFlsPsf] ljkb\hGokmf]x/d}nf÷hf]lvdk"0f{ a:t'x?sf]
sf/0fn] x'g] b'3{6gfx?af6 :jf:Yo /hLjgof]jftfj/0fdf;/nkIfMUopkrf/
k|ls|ofcfpg]
x|f;nfO /f]Sg];/n kIfM pkrf/ k|ls|of20

:jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0f hf]lvdx?sf] Go"lgs/0f
hLjgof]Uo jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yosf] ;+/If0f ug{ lgDg pkfox? ckgfpg ;lsG5 .
• k|sf/ adf]lhd kl/df0fsf] cf+sng• tflnsf g+= $=@ df b]vfOP cg';f/ pkrf/sf] k|fyldsLs/0fÙ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfn] hLjg of]Uo
jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yodf x|f; Nofpg ;Sg] ePsf]n] ;+sng tyf pkrf/nfO k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{
• Jffl;Gbfx?nfO r]tfjgLM lkmN8df kmf]x/d}nf gafNg]tkm{ laz]if Wofg lbg] jf lagf sf/0f
hf]lvdk"0f{ a:t'x? gld;fpg]• zL3| ;+sng, ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf 5'6\ofpg], k|efljt 3/x?af6 lxnf] jf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfx6fpg], rf]6k6s sdug{ dflg;x?÷:jo+;]jsx? ;+nUg ePsf ls|ofsnfkx?
tflnsf g+= $=@ k|zf]wgsf] k|fyldstf
pRr k|fyldstf;+qmldt kmf]x/, vfb\ohGo kmf]x/, lb;fhGo kmf]x/,
xflgsf/s kmf]x/
sf7 tyf cGo afNg ldNg] kmf]x/

sd k|fyldstf

Knfli6s, s+lqm6 tyf cGo k'g rlqmo kmf]x/• nfdf] afx'nf÷nfdf] k]G6;\• afSnf] ;f]n ePsf] h'Qf÷a'6• afSnf] /a/sf] k~hfx?
• kmf]x/ ;+sng emf]nfx?
• tf}lnofx?
• 6f]kL÷x]nd]6• vfgf÷lkpg] kfgL• kl/ro kqx?
• 3/]n' cf}iflw÷df:slrq g+= $=# M ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf x6fpgsfnflu pks/0fx?sf] pbfx/0f

hf]lvdk"0f{ a:t'x? / c:yfO e08f/0f :yn -TSS_ sf] cj:yf÷tfks|d jf cfunfuL, k|b"if0f jf c?
36gfx? /f]syfd ug{ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] pkrf/ ;'ljwfx?
Gff]6M af;]n dxf;lGwsf] cfwf/df ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgdf cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u ;+af]wg ug{'hf]lvdk"0f{ kmf]x/d}nfsf] klxrfg tyf 5'6\ofpg] sfo{ h?/L x'G5 .
3R sf]nflu pks/0fx? tyf ;|f]t;fwgx?M

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf ;|f]tx? tyf a:t'x?sf] cfwf/df Aoa:yfkg /0fgLlt to ug{ laleGg
k|sf/sf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] af/] ljrf/ ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . lrq g+= $=$ df ;|f]tx?, sfo{x? /cfjZos pks/0fdf cfwfl/t auL{s/0fsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f b]vfOPsf] 5 . x/]s b]z / If]qdf
pks/0fx?sf] pknAwtf tyf Ifdtf km/s km/s x'g] ePtf klgljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg
21

;fdfGo eGbf a9L kl/df0fsf] kmf]x/d}nfsfnflu laleGg pks/0fx?sf] k|of]u÷sfof{Gjog u/]/kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg ;'wf/ ug]{ Pp6f cj;/ x'g ;Sb5 .

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ k|zf]wg k|jfx-;fj{hlgs_ ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfkmf]x/d}nf
;+sng
tyf
:yfgGt/0f

c:yfoL;+sngkmf]x/d}nf
5'6ofpg]sfo{:ynljz]ifkmf]x/d}nfcGokmf]x/d}nf

xflgsf/s÷ljiffQmd/]sf hgfj/x?

pko'Qmk|;f]wg

lgdf0f{hGokmf]x/
s'lxg] kmf]x/
k'gM rqmLokmf]x/d}nf wft'÷cGo
Knfl;6sk'gMk|of]lu
o÷
k'gM
rlqmo
pko'Qmk|;f]wgcjz]ifclGtd lj;h{glrq g+= $=$ laifoa:t'x?, sfo{x? tyf lalzi6 ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf]nflu cfjZos pks/0fx?sf]
pbfx/0f;db' fo nrstf, ;r]tgf tyf tflndM
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] plrt pkrf/sf]nflu jfl;Gbfx?, :jo+;]jsx? tyf gLlh If]qsf] ;dem
ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . ;fdfGo ;dodf ul/g] kmf]x/d}nf 5'6\ofpg] sfo{sf] af/]df r]tgf ljkb\sf] ;dodfpkof]uL x'G5 . Jfl;Gbfx?sf] ;dem a9fpg lgDg plNnlvt z}lIfs lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;DaGwdf
qmlds ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/G5 .
• c:yfO e08f/0f :yndf lau|g ;Sg] jf hf]lvdk"0f{ kmf]x/d}nfnfO s;/L cnu ug]{
• vfB kbfy{, ag:klt, sf7, wft', hf]lvdk"0f{ a:t'x?, Unf;tyf t]ndf cfjZos Wofg• u}/sfg"gL kmf]x/d}nf lj;h{g -dumping_ jf v]tdf v'Nnf afNg] h:tf pkrf/ ljlwx?sf] lgif]w• ljkb\sf] cfjZos 36gf kZrft e|daf6 hf]lug ;"rgfnfO PsLs[t ug{' cfjZos x'G5 .
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pkrf/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|sfzg sfof{nox?l;t ;dGjo ul/G5 /k|sflzt k|sfzgx?, ;+rf/ ;fwgx? tyf vfnL u/fOg] :yfgsf ;fwg tyf ;fdu|Lx? k'li6
ul/G5. ljkb\sf] cfsl:ds 36gfsf] tTsfn kZrft c:yfO e08f/0f :ynx?sf] pb3f6g tyf
æwith or withoutÆ kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng k|ltlalDat ub}{ oyfzSo rfF8f] k|sfzgsf] of]hgf
agfpg cfjZos x'G5 .

22ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] nrstf clea[l4 ug{ rflxg] sfo{x?sf] pbfx/0fx?M
ckl/xfo{ ljkb\x?sfaf/] pNn]v ul/Psf lgDg a'Fbfx?sfnflu jfl;Gbf Pj+ ;d'bfox?sf] ;dem tyf
ltgLx?sf] tkm{af6 ;xeflutf w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . Pl;of tyf k|ZffGt If]qdf pGgt b[li6sf]0fsf
pbfx/0fx? 5g\ h;sf sf/0f c;n cEof;x?sf] afF8kmfF8 k|efjsf/L ePsf 5g\ .
• nrstfk"0f{ ;d'bfox?n] yf]/} ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg u5{g\ / ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf
Aoa:yfkg tkm{ pko'Qm 9+un] k|ltls|of u5{g\ .
• nrstfk"0f{ ;d'bfox? o:tf ;d'bfox? x'g\ h:n] ;fdfGo ;dodf pko'Qm tl/sfn] kmf]x/d}nfsf]
Aoa:yfkg ug{ ;Sb5g\ .
• afl;Gbfx?nfO h:n] af/Daf/ ljkb\x?sf] cg'udg u5{g\ ljkb\x?;+u s;/L ;fdgf ug]{ yfxf x'G5
/ ltgLx?sf] ;Lk tyf 1fgsf] afF8kmfF8 pkof]uL x'G5 .

pRr af9Lsf] hf]lvdk"0f{ If]qx?dfa;f]af; ug]{ afl;Gbfx?nfO cfkm\gf kmlg{r/x?nfO
kfgLdf leHgaf6 s;/L hf]ufpg] yfxf x'G5 .
pbfx/0fsfnflu o; 3/sf afl;Gbfx?nfO Tof] 7fpF
8'afgsf] pRr hf]lvddf kbf{ cfkm\gf ;/;fdfgslxn], sxfF / s;/L vfnL ug]{ yfxf 5 . o;k|sf/sf] tof/L sfo{nfO ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?sf]
cfkl; ;dy{g tyf ;xfotfåf/f clea[l4 ug{;lsG5 . -;]gf, yfONof08_
Photo 1:

Photo 1

Photo 2: kmf]x/d}nfn] 9nlgsf; k|0ffnL cj?4 u/L

af9Lsf] hf]lvd a9fpg ;Sg] ePsfn] ;fdfGo;dodf hndfu{x? nufot ;fj{hlgs :ynx?
kmf]x/d}nf /lxt /flvg' kb{5 . lgoldt kmf]x/d}nf;+sngsf;fy} dflyNnf] If]q -upstream_ sf;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ hgr]tgf a9fpg] tyf
kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng k|0ffnLsf] ;'wf/df klg ljrf/
k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . -a}+ss, yfONof08_
Photo 2ljkb\ :jo+;]jsx?sfnflu
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg k|d'v
lqmofsnfkx?dWo] Ps xf] . plrtljkb\hGo
Photo

3:

Photo 3kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] af/]df yfxf kfpg l;Sg]
tyf ljkb\ k|efljt If]qdf :jo+;]jfsf
23
Photo 4

ls|ofsnfkx?sf af/]df ;f]rljrf/ ug]{ cj;/x? k|efjsf/L x'G5g\ . o'jf, gful/sx? tyf
xfO:s"nsf ljBfyL{x?nfO ;d]t k|jrg tyf 6]an–6k cEof;x?df nlIft ug{ ;lsG5 . -Sof]6f],
hfkfg_
Photo 4: ;d'bfosf] tof/LnfO clea[l4 ug{ l;Sg] / ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg af/] 5nkmnug]{ cj;/x? k|efjsf/L x'G5g \. kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg lj1x?sf] ;xof]udf ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{zfnf
Pp6f zlQmzfnL cf}hf/ xf] . dfly t:aL/df b]vfOPsf] sfo{zfnfx? Aff/] 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] /kl/df0fx?:yfgLo clwsf/Lx? ;dIf ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
sL6gfzs cf}iflwx?, t]n tyf/+u/f]ug nufot hf]lvdk"0f{ tyf k|HjngzLnkmf]x/d}nfsf] clws ;+roaf6 hf]lug' kb{5 .
o:tf kmf]x/ kbfy{x?nfO ;fdfGo ;dodf
Photo 5:Photo 5plrt 9+un] lj;h{g ul/g' kb{5 . cGoyfljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] bf}/fgdf oL
kbfy{x?sf] Aoa:yfkg ug{ sl7g x'G5 h:n]
jftfj/0f tyf dfgj :jf:Yodf k|efj kfg{
;Sb5 .

;+:yfx?sf] cfGtl/s tyf afXo ;dGjoM;+hfnx?sf] klxrfg / c? ;d"xx?, dGqfnox?, :yfgLo ;/sf/x?, gLlh If]q tyf ;+rf/ ;d"xx?
h:tf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;tsf] ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .
cfGtl/s ;dGjo
lrq g+= $=% df b]vfOP cg';f/ ;+:yfx? -;/sf/÷gu/kflnsfx?_ leq k|To]s dGqfnon] x/]s;d"xnfO g]t[Tj ub{5 . kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg ljefu h:tf ;+:yfx?n]x/]s b]zsf] cj:yf cg';f/ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsfnflu ;d"x ;+ul7t ug{ / ltgLx?;+u ;xsfo{ ug{ cfjZos x'G5 .
of] ?k/]vf UN af6 k|jl4{t ;d"x k|0ffnLl;t ;dfg 5 . ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg Pp6f
cGt/f{li6«o lqmofsnfk ePsf]n] AolQmut -individual_ ;d"xx? u7g ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/G5.
?k/]vfsf] ;+/rgf tof/ u/] kZrft ;+:yfut ;dGjosf]nflu lgDg a'Fbfx? dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ .
• cGo hjfkmL sfo{x? -h:t} k'glg{df{0f, /fxt :yn Aoa:yfkg_ l;t ;dGjo,• ;|f]tx?sf] lgwf{/0f -h:t} v'Nnf 7fpF, hgzlQm, ah]6_ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn,• kl5Nnf ljkb\x? tyf hjfkm ;DaGwL ;"rgfsf] ;+sng tyf afF8kmfF8 .
afXo ;dGjo -;dy{sx?aLr ;dGjo_;+:yfx?eGbfdfly laleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ljBdfg x'G5g\ / ;xof]u tyf ;dy{gsf lgDg a'Fbfx?
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . bIf tyf k|efjsf/L ;xof]usfnflu ;+:yfx?aLr e"ldsf afF8kmfF8 ug{' h?/L x'G5
. ?k/]vfsf] cg'df]bgsf]nflu clu|d of]hgf ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .
• yk ;|f]tsf]nflu ;dy{gsf] cg'/f]w tyf ;dGjo ug],{• c;fwf/0f k|aGw -h:t} b|'t dfu{ ;Demf}tf, b'|t dfu{ cg'dlt k|s[of_ sf] cg'/f]w,
24

• lgsfox?sf] /fo dfu ug],{• bftfx?af6 ;xof]u vf]hL ug]{ .

lrq g+= $=% ljkb\sf] ;dodf UN :ynut ;xof]usf] ?k;+hfn tyf ;"rgf afF8kmfF8M
7"nf ljkb\x? jf k|zfGt If]qdf ePsf h:tf ;|f]t ;fwgx? Yff]/} ePsf ;fgf b]zx?df ckgfOPsf
hjfkmL pkfox? -counter-measures_ nfO dWogh/ ubf{ :yfgLo jf /fli6«o ;/sf/sf];+/rgfdfly ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] ;+hfn klg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

;fdfGo ;dodf k|ToIf ;DaGwdfkm{t ;"rgf, of]hgfx? tyf cg'ejsf] afF8kmfF8n] ;dy{gsf] lgdf{0ftyf o:tf ;+hfnx? k|of]u ug]{ ?k/]vfsf] afwf/lxt cg'df]bgnfO ;+ej afgfpFb5 . ;dy{g ;d"xx?
aLrsf] ;+hfn / ltgnfO yk bIftfsf;fy sfd ug{ lbg' k|efjsf/L x'G5 .
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf]nflu If]qLo ;+hfnx?sf pbfx/0fx?M
k|zfGt If]qdf SPREP n] d+rsf] :yfkgf u/L kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgdf lhDd]jf/ AolQmx?nfO
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf lj1 x'g cfjZos lzIff lbG5 . ltlgx? b]zx? Jff :yfgLoIf]qx?df 36\g] ljkb\x?sf] hjfkmdf ;+hfnnfO k|j4{g ub{5g\ . tL lqmofsnfkx? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf
5g\ .
• k|zfGt If]qsfnflu ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg• Ifdtf clea[l4,• ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg ;DaGwL lj1x?sf]
tYof+s,• k|zfGt If]qdf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgk|lt
k|ltls|of lbg sf]ifsf] ;+oGq,• rfns kl/of]hgfsf] ljsf; .

hfkfgdfljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf lj1x? ;dfhx? tyf cf}Bf]lus ;d"xx?_ D.Waste-Net sf]?kdf ;+hfna4 5g\ . ;fdfGo ;dodf ltgLx? ;"rgfsf]
afF8kmfF8 u5{g\ / ?k/]vf agfpF5g\ h:t} ljkb\ kZrft
25

ltgLx? k|efljt If]qx?df hfG5g\ / cg';Gwfg, of]hgf tyf ;dGjodf 6]jf k'¥ofpFb5g\ .
D.Waste-Net af:tjdf xfn}sf ljkb\x?df ;lqmo ?kdf ;xefuL ePsf] lyof] .
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg ;DaGwdf g]kfndf sfg"gL tyf ;+:yfut Aoa:yfM
lrq g+= $=^ df ljkb\hGo hf]lvd sd ug]{ / To:sf] Aoa:yfkg ;DaGwL g]kfnsf] sfg"gdf Aoa:yf
ul/Psf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgf b]vfOPsf] 5 .

ljkb\hGo hf]lvd sd / Joj:yfkgsf
nflu /fli6«o kl/ifb\

ljkb\hGo hf]lvd sd /Joj:yfkgsf nflu /fli6«o k|flws/0f• sfo{ ;ldlt• lj1 ;ldltk|b]lzs ljkb\hGo hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
sldl6
lhNnf tyf :yflgo ljkb\hGo hf]lvd
Joj:yfkg sldl6
lrq g+= $=^ ljkb\hGo hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;+:yfut ;+/rgf

26s]lGb|o ;/sf/k|b]lzs ;/sf/

gLlt tyf ;dGjo;fdfGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsfnflu g]kfndf gLltut tyf sfo{ut txx?df ljBdfg ;+:yfut
k|aGw tnsf] lrq g+= $=& k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

cy{÷u[x÷jg tyf
jftfj/0f÷:jf:Yo
tyf hg;+Vof÷zx/L
ljsf;÷pBf]u,
jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{
dGqfnox?
cy{ / of]hgf dGqfnok|s[lts ;+;fwg
tyf ljQ cfof]u:yflgo ljsf;
tyf ;fdfGok|;fzg dGqfno/fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]uljefux?
pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf
jtfj/0f dGqfno:yflgo ;/sf/b}lgs sfo{

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt;x/L gu/kflnsfx?

ufpFkflnsfx?
jf8{x?

lghL If]qx?

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?

;fd'bflos ;+:yf

lrq g+= $=& kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf ;+:yfut Joj:yf%= ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg afx]ssf cfjZos sfo{x?M
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf]nflu w]/} 1fg, k|0ffnLx? tyf k|ljlwx? cfjZos kb{5g\ . x'g t
cg'ej afF8kmfF8, dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; / ;+:yfx? klg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . o;sf]nflu lgDg
plNnlvt ;f]rfOx? klg cfjZos x'G5g\ .
• ;fdfGo ;dodf tof/Lsf] k"0f{tf,• gLlh If]qsf gfosx?l;t ;dGjo,• a9L /fd|f] k'gn{fetkm{ gLlt lgdf{0f .
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] ;fdfGo 3R df ljsf; / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?M
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgnfO ;fdfGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;d'bfosf]
nrstf, ;fdfGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf ;Lkx?, Ifdtf tyf k|ljlw ;'wfg{ / ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf
Aoa:yfkg tof/Lsf]nflu k|]l/t ug{ ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ;fdfGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgnfO
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgdf s;/L ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]sf dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgf lrq g+=%=! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
27

ljkb\hGokmf]x/
Jojk:yfkg
of]hgfljkb\hGo kmf]x/
Jojk:yfkg af/];'rgf

;d'bfo7]s]bf/;/sf/

ljkb\hGokmf]x/
lgisf;g /juL{s/0f;d'bflosf]
Ifdtf ljsf;;+hfnsf]
ljsf;;d'bfo;fdfGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg rqm

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/ If]qljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfdf kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg ;dfj]z ub}{ pTyfgzLn;dfhsf] ljsf;
lrq g+= %=! ;fdfGo 3R df ljsf; / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?

28

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg pks/0fx?sf] lg/Gt/ k|of]u tyf Ifdtf clea[l4M
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf gofF pks/0fx? k|of]u ug{ / ;fdfGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg
k|ljlw ;'wfg{ Pp6f cj;/ x'g ;Sb5 . tbg'?k, ;fdfGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] ;'wf/tkm{ bf]¥ofpg;Sg] gofF pks/0fx? k|bfg ug]{ ljsNknfO ljkb\sf] ;dodf ljsf;zLn b]zx?nfO 6]jf÷;dy{glbgsfnflu ljrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
Ifdtf clea[l4 ljkb\k"j{ / kZrft klg cfjZos x'G5 . o; ;DaGwdf w]/} kIfx? 5g\ h'g tn
lbOPsf 5g\ .
• ljkb\ k"j{ tof/L of]hgfsf] k|efjsfl/tf clea[l4 ug{ kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg clwsf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf
ljsf; ug]{
• kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] af/] ;Lk tyf 1fg ;fdfGo tyf cfsl:ds kl/l:yltx? b'a}df dxTjk"0f{x'G5g\ .
• sd{rf/Lx?sf] kl/s|dfdfkm{t ;Lk÷1fgsf] x|f; x'g glbg sd{rf/Lx?nfO lgoldt tflnd lbg]
tyf cEof; u/fpg] h:sf ljlwx? tflnsf g+= %=! df b]vfOPsf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= %=! k|d'v tflnd ljlwx?
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgsf] Ps ljlzi6 ljifodf uxg
sfo{zfnf;d"lxs 5nkmn;Defljt ljkb\sf] cj:yfnfO{ sNkgfu/L x'g ;Sg] d'4fx?nfO{
sfof{Tds cEof;;Daf]wg ug'{
kl/If0f ;+rfng k|lqmofx? / ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] Ps gSsndf:ynut k|lzIf0f
cnu sf}zntf

ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkg ;+hfn tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?Mw]/} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgdf ;+nUg eO/x]sf 5g \. lrq g+= %=! dfb]vfOPsf pbfx/0fx? cg'?k b]zx?df yk If]qx?sf ljz]iftfx? tyf af:tljs kl/l:yltx?sf]
k|sfzdf cfof]lht b}lgs ?kdf k|ToIf ;DaGw agfpg' k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

29

lkl8tx? / tLgsf ;d'bfox?
ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nflghL If]ql;len
OlGhlgol/8 tyf
lgdf{0fkmf]x/d}nf k|;f]wg
k'gMrlqmo:yflgolgsfonfO{;xof]ugu/kflnsfx? -ljkb\af6
ljQ ;d"xljkb\ ;d"x
Iflt_
ljkb\
hGo
l;len
;d"x

kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg;d"xlk=cf/;d"x:jod;]js-u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, dlxnf
tyf o'jf ;d"x, ;fdflhs;+:yfx?, cfbL_;+rf/-l6=le=, /]l8of], klqsfx?,
OG6/g]6, OTofbL _lj1x?

jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno-;lrjfno_

cGt/fli6«o

lrq g+= %=! ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf Aoa:yfkgl;t ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] pbfx/0f/]sl8{Ë, tYof+s ljZn]if0f / l;lsPsf kf7x?sf] +;+u|xM
tYox? tyf ljkb\sf cg'ejx?sf] /]sl8{Ë ug{, ljZn]if0f ug{ tyf afF8kmfF8 ug{ cGo b]zx?sf]nflu
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . /]s8{sf ;fdu|Lx?sf] xsdf ljkb\ tyf Ifltsf] l;+xfjnf]sg, kmf]x/d}nf pkrf/sf];'ljwfdf k'u]sf] Ifltsf] cj:yf, ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf pT;h{gsf] kl/df0f, ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf]
k|jfx -kl/df0ffTds tyf u'0ffTds_, c:yfO e08f/0f :ynx?, s]nfpg] tyf k|zf]wg ljlwx?,?k/]vfx? tyf ah]6 pkof]uL x'G5g\ .
nrstfk0" f{ ;d'bfox? / Build Back Better (BBB)M:yfgLo Onfsfx?df nrstf ;'wfg{sf]nflu ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nf sd ug{] w]/} pkfox? 5g\ .
• Iflt tyf ljkb\hGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] kl/df0f sd ug{ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL cfjf; tyf ejgx? Aofks?kdf lgdf{0f ul/g' kg],{• /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?åf/f :yfgLo ;'4[l9s/0fnfO 6]jf k'¥ofOg' kg],{• lgdf{0f sfo{x? pRr ljkb\ -af9L, e":vng_ sf] hf]lvd If]qx?af6 hf]lug' kg]{Ù e"pkof]u of]hgfn]
ljkb\hGo hf]lvdx?nfO ;dfj]z ug'{ kg],{oL a'Fbfx?nfO ljkb\ kZrft k'gnf{e of]hgfx? jf gLltdf ;dfj]z ug{' clt cfjZos x'G5 .

30

k|fljlws ;xof]u31