ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical IssuesೖຌͲ͹੠ࢢ౵఑‫ڛ‬ҫྏ͹ྼ࢛ͳྛཀྵద͵໲ୌ
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56

䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People$EVWUDFW
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57ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues', ͹ࣰࢬ਼Ͳͤ͗ɼೖຌͲͺ࠹੟‫غ‬Ͷͺ೧ؔ  ྭఖౕߨΚΗͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽͲ΍অʓͶঙ͵͚͵ͮͱ͘ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͏ΚΑΖഓ۰ंؔ͹෈ೝ࣑ྏ͗ӊ‫ݠ‬৏͗ΕͶ৵;ͱ͏Ζ͹Ͷଲ͢ͱ ', ͺ‫ͮݰ‬ͱͺ͏Ήͤ͗ɼ‫Ͳࡑݳ‬΍೧ؔ  ྭ͖Δ  ྭ͹๏͗ ', Ͳೝ৹͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞Ηͺ‫࣎ܨ‬దͶ ',͹ࣰࢬ਼Νࣖͪ͢΍͹Ͳͤ͗ʤηϧ΢χ̓ʥɼգ‫ڊ‬Ͷͺ೧ؔ  ݇ఖౕ͹ೝ৹਼͍͗ͮͪͳ͏͑͹Ν͕ࣖ͢͢Ήͪ͢͜ʹ΍ɼ‫ࡑݳ‬΍୉ରɼ ͖Δ  ͹๏͗ೝ৹͢ͱ͏Ζ͹͗Κ͖Ζ͖ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽ஭໪͢ͱ͏ͪͫͪ͘͏͹ͺ͞͞Ͳͤ͸ɼೝ৹ͪ͢๏͗  ྭఖౕ͏Ζ͹Ͷଲ͢ͱɼड़ਫ਼ࣉ਼ͺ  ໌͖͢͏ΉͦΞʤηϧ΢χ̔ʥɽ࢔Ε͹ਕͺ‫ܨ‬գ෈໎ɼͯΉΕɼʹ͞Ͳਫ਼ΉΗ͖ͪɼʹ͹Γ͑ͶίΠ͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͖ϓΧϫʖ͠Ηͱ͏͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤɽ͑͞͏ͮͪ͞ͳ͗ೖຌ͹ ', Ͷ‫ؖ͢‬ͱͺɼͬ͘Ξͳ௒ࠬ͠Ηͱ͏͵͏ͳ͏ͮͪͳ͞ΘͶ͵ΕΉͤɽ‫ࡑݳ‬ɼೖຌͲ ', Νߨͮͱ͏ΖࢬઅͺೖຌࢊՌ෌ਕՌָճͶౌ࿧ͤΖ͞ͳͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ήͤ͹Ͳɼ͞͹  ࢬઅ͗ౌ࿧͢ͱ͏Ήͤʤηϧ΢χ̕ʥɽ࠹੟‫غ‬ͶͺɼસࠅͲ  Ґ৏͹έϨωρέ͗ߨͮͱ͏ͪͳ‫ݶ‬ΚΗͱ͏Ήͤɽࣙਐ͹ ', ड़ਫ਼ंͳ͢ͱ͹‫ݩܨ‬', ͹ࢢʹ΍ͳ͢ͱड़ࣙΝ۰൅దͶஎͮͱ͢Ή͑͞ͳ͍͗Ζͳ͏͑͹͗Ҳ൬͹୉͘͵໲ୌͲͤɽͨ͞ͲͺɼಝͶՊଔ͹‫ؽث‬ద͵য়‫Ͳڱ‬ಧ൅దͶஎΔ͠ΗΖ͞ͳ͗ଡ͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳΏɼࢴ͹৖߻΍ͨ͑Ͳͪ͢͜ʹ΍ɼ݄ӹ‫ࠬݗ‬౵Ͳ۰൅దͶஎͮͱ͢Ή͑ίʖη΍ଁ͓ͱ͚ΖͳࢧΚΗΉͤɽࢴͺ  ೧ɼࢴͺ  ೧Ͷҫָ෨Ͷ೘ָ͢ͱ  ೧ਫ਼͹ͳ͘Ͷ୉ָ͹ࣰस͹Ҳ‫ࣙͲ؂‬෾ͳྈ਎͹݄ӹ͹‫ࠬݗ‬Νߨ͑‫ؽ‬ճΝಚΉͪ͢ɽࢴࣙਐͺྈ਎͗  ࡂ͹ͳ͘͹ࢢʹ΍Ͳɼྈ਎ͺஏ๏ޮແҽͲஏ๏౐ࢤͶेΞͲ͏Ήͪ͢ɽ୉ָ΃ͺࣰՊ͖Δ௪ͮͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽྈ਎ͳ೧ྺ͗཯Ηͱ͏Ζ͞ͳͶٛ໲ͺ͍ΕΉͪ͢͜ʹ΍ɼಝͶ਎ࢢ‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ୉͘͵ٛ໲ͺ࣍ͮͱ͏ΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽ͞Η͗ࢴ͹෗਎Ͳͤɽ෗ͺ  ೧Ͷਫ਼ΉΗͱɼࠕ೧  ࡂͲ  ݆Ͷ࿟ਲͲ๤͚͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ୉ԡਫ਼ͫͮͪͳࢧ
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࿫Ν࢟͢ΌΉͪ͢ɽྈ਎ͺ  େͲ݃࠙Νͪ͢͜ʹ͢ͻΔ͚ࢢʹ΍͗Ͳ͘͵͚ͱɼ͚ۛ͹බӅͲ‫ݗ‬ࠬͪ͢Δɼ෗͗ໃ੠ࢢ঳ͫͳ‫ݶ‬ΚΗɼ‫ܜ‬ጱ୉ָΝ়ղ͠Ηͱɼ ೧ؔ௪Ӆ͢ͱೝ৹ͪ͢ͳ͏͑ΞͲͤ͸ɽࢴͺ΍͑;͚ͮΕͤΖ͖͢͵͚ͱɼ͢ͻΔ͚੢΍ड़ΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽ౲ષ͵͗Δࢴ͹࣯໲ͺɼࣰ͹෗਎ͺ୯͵͹͖ɼ΍ͮͳ৆͢͏࿫Νซ͖ͦͱΆ͢͏ͳ‫͏ݶ‬Ήͪ͢ɽͳ͞Θ͗฾਎͹յ౶ͺɼ͞Ξ͵͞ͳͺ୯Ͷ΍૮஌͢ͱ͏͵͏͢ɼ‫͏͵͏ͱͮݶ‬ɽࢴͪͬͺฺ৖ΉͲ࣍ͮͱ͏͚ͯ΍Εͫͮͪ͹Ͷɼ͍͵ͪ͗ঋघͶ௒΄Ζ͖Δ͞Ξ͵͞ͳͶ͵ͮͪΞͫͳ͏͑Γ͑͵ൕԢͲͪ͢ɽ
58

䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived Peopleͨ͢ͱɼͨ͹‫ޛ‬ɼ౲࣎͹ࢴ͹ྈ਎͹क࣑ҫͫͮͪ͞͹൩௫઎ਫ਼Ͷճ͑‫ؽ‬ճ͍͗ΕΉ͢ͱɼ൩௫
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͑ͤΖͳɼઈ໎͠Ηͪྈ਎ͺӇ͢ͱ͕͏ͪΆ͑͗ࢢʹ΍΍߀ͦͫΘ͑ͳࢧ͏ɼͨ͹݃ՎɼՁ΍எΔ͵͏ࢢʹ΍ͫ͗͜खΕ࢔͠ΗΖͳ͏͑͞ͳͶ͵ΕΉͤɽ౐߻Γ͚Ͳ͘ͱ͏ͪͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤ͸ɽ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪͳ͏͑ࣆࣰΝஎͮͪҐ৏ɼࢴ͗எΕ͖ͪͮͪ͞ͳͺ್ͯͲͤɽΉͥࣆࣰΝஎΕͪ͏ɽࣙ෾͗ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪͳ͏͑ࣆࣰΝΉͥͬΎΞͳઈ໎͢ͱΆ͢͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳͳɼҪఽ৏͹෗਎ͺ୯͵͹͖ɼͨ͹ٛ໲͏͖ͮ͢Ε౶͓ͱཋ͢͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤɽͨ͹৏Ͳɼࣙ෾͹ϩʖςɼ఑‫ڛ‬ंͶͯ͏ͱ͹৚ๅΝɼஎΕͪ͏ਕΏஎΖචགྷ͍͗ΖਕͺஎΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘ΖΓ͑ͶͤΖɽΏͺΕ͞͞Νࠕ‫ޛ‬ɼմ݀͢ͱ͏͖͵͜Ηͻ͏͜͵͏ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽ͞Ηͺ୊  ྭ໪͹ ', ͗ߨΚΗͪͳ͘͹৿ซๅಕͲͤ͜ʹ΍ɼ͞͞Ͷ҈౽‫گ‬दͳ͏͑୊  ྭΝߨͮͪχένʖ͗͏Ήͤʤηϧ΢χ ʥɽ཈ࢢΓΕͺ߻ཀྵద͵͹Ͳ͞͹࣑ྏͺ໲ୌ͵͏ͳ͏͑͹͗൶͹क௃Ͳͪ͢ɽ౲࣎͹ϟυΡΠ͹ൕԢͺਕଆਕؔ͗Ͳ͘ͱͪ͘ͳ͏͑Γ͑͵΍͹Ͳͪ͢ɽͨ͢
ͱɼଡ͚͹๏͗࢏൳ྈ࿨Ν‫܃‬Ε߁͝Ήͪ͗͢ɼ࢏੔ͤΖ๏΍͏Ήͪ͢ɽಝͶɼभ‫گ‬Պ͹๏ʓ͹Ҳ෨Ͷͺ༑ਫ਼ָదͶ͚ͤ͟๮Ή͢͏͞ͳͫͳյ౶ͤΖਕ΍͏Ήͪ͢ɽͨ͹ൕ໚ɼ๑ཱՊΝ஦ৼͶ༑ਫ਼ࢧ૟Ͳ͍Ζɼಊ෼ࣰ‫ݩ‬͹Γ͑Ͳ͍Ζͳ‫ͱͮݶ‬ൕଲͤΖ๏΍͏ͱɼ٠࿨͗෾͖Ηͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽͪͫɼ݃‫ۃ‬ɼ', ΝΏͮͱ΍Γ͏͖ʹ͖͑ͳ͏͑٠࿨Ͷͺ݀஥ͺͯ͘ΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽͨ΍ͨ΍ҫྏ͵͹͖ʹ͖͑΍෾͖Δ͵͏ɽͨ͢ͱɼՁ͹๑ཱద͵‫و‬੏΍͵͏ɽͨ͢ͱɼ͗͞͞୉ࣆ͵఼Ͳͤ͗ɼࣆ઴Ͷྈ਎ͺ࣑ྏͶಋқ͢ͱ͏Ήͤ͜ʹ΍ɼࢢʹ΍ͺಋқͲ͘ΉͦΞɽਫ਼ΉΗͱ͚Ζࢢʹ΍ͺ͚͟ঙ਼Ͳ͍ΖͪΌͶໃࢻ͠Ηͱ͏ͱɼࢢʹ΍ͶଲͤΖίΠ͗͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳͶͯ͵͗ͮͱ͢Ήͮͱ͏Ζ͹ͲͤɽࣆࣰΝஎͮͪࢴͺɼ౲࣎๎ૻ͠ΗͪτϪϑ͹χΫϣϟϱνϨʖ൬ૌͶड़ͱ͏ͪɼ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪΠϟϨΩ͹ϑϩʀαʖχϪ΢͠Ξͳ͏͑๏͗ࣙ෾͹χψʖΝૠ͢ͱ͏Ζ༹ࢢΝ‫ͱݡ‬ɼ൶ΝΉ͸ͱɼಋͣ͞ͳΝͤΖΓ͑Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ൶ͺϤν୉ָ͹ଖ‫ۂ‬ਫ਼͹஦Ͷࣙ෾͹χψʖ͗͏Ζͳซ͏ͱ͏
ͪ͹Ͳɼଖ‫໌ۂ‬฿ΝॄΌͱχψʖΝ୵͢ͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽࢴࣙਐ΍͠Ή͡Ή͵໌฿ɼͨΗ͖ΔɼΠϩώϞ౵Νफॄ͢ͱϨηφΝࡠͮͱ࣍ͬิ͏ͱ͏Ήͤɽࢴ͹χψʖ͹ޫึं͹਼ͺ‫ڬ‬Δ͚  ਕ͏Ήͤɽͨ͹஦͹୯͖ͫΘ͑ͳࢧͮͱ͏Ήͤɽ౲࣎͹‫ܜ‬ጱ୉ָҫָ෨͹ଖ‫ۂ‬ਫ਼͹୯͖ͳ͏͑͞ͳͶ59ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues͵ΕΉͤɽͨΗͳಋ༹ͶɼҲൢ͹๏͗ ', Ͷͯ͏ͱ͹எࣟΝ࣍ͮͱ͏͖ͪͫ͵͏ͳɼʹ͹Γ͑͵࣑ྏ͵͹͖΍Κ͖Δ͵͏͢ɼࢴͪͬΝγϛʖφ͢ͱ͚ΗΖ๏΍ड़ͱ͘ΉͦΞɽͨΗͲϟυΡΠ౵Ͷड़ͱɼࢴ͹ࢧ͏ΝͬΎΞͳఽ͓ΖΓ͑Ͷ͢ͱ͘Ήͪ͢ɽΉͳΌʗೖຌ͹ड़ࣙΝஎΖ‫ݘ‬ཤ͹๑దଲԢ͹ஙΗೖຌࠅ಼Ͳͺɼ͠Ή͡Ή͵஄ର͗ ', ͹๑ద͵ଈ໚ɼͨΗ͖Δɼྛཀྵద͵ଈ໚Ͷͯ͏ͱ٠࿨Ν͢ͱ͏ΉͤɽͲ΍ɼΏͺΕࠕ΍݃࿨Ͷͺࢺͮͱ͏ΉͦΞɽࡤ೧ɼ຿๑͗Ҳ෨ɼրਜ਼͠ΗΉͪ͢ɽͨΗΉͲ΍ɼྭ͓ͻɼอ‫࢞ޤ‬࿊߻ճͲ͍ͮͪΕɼ޲ਫ਼Ռָ৻٠ճ౵͗ଡ͚֋͖Ηͱ͘Ήͪ͗͢ɼ޲
ਫ਼Ռָ৻٠ճ͗  ೧Ͷ఑‫ंڛ‬৚ๅΝસ໚֋ࣖͳ͏͑఑‫ݶ‬Νड़ͪ͢͹͗ɼ༏Ҳ͹઴޴͘͵ଲԢͲͪ͢ɽ͞Ηͺͨ͹ͳ͘͹৿ซ‫͗ͤͲࣆى‬ɼ޲ਫ਼Ռָ৻٠ճ͹ਫ਼৫ึঁҫྏ෨ճͳ͏ͮͪͳ͞ΘͲɼ ࡂͶ͵ͮͪΔ఑‫ंڛ‬͹৚ๅΝસͱΠέιηͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘ΖΓ͑Ͷ͵Ζͳ͏͑౶ਅΝࡠΕΉͪ͢ʤηϧ΢χ ʥɽͪͫɼ͞Ηͺ౶ਅͲ͍ͮͱ๑ཱͲͺ͍ΕΉͦΞ͹Ͳɼͨ͹‫ޛ‬ɼ٠࿨͗਒
Ήͥɼ‫ࡑݳ‬΍๑ཱͶͺࢺͮͱ͏ΉͦΞɽͤ͵Κͬɼࢢʹ΍͹ड़ࣙΝஎΖ‫ݘ‬ཤͶͯ͏ͱ͹๑ద͵Ғ஖෉͜ͺΉͫʹ͞Ͷ΍͵͏ͳ͏ͮͪ͞ͳͶ͵ΕΉͤɽͨ͞ͲࢴͪͬͺɼΉͥ‫ঁޕ‬ૌ৭ͳ͢ͱ '2* ͳࢴͪͬ‫͏ͱͮݶ‬Ήͤ͜ʹ΍ɼ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪࢢʹ΍ͪͬ͹ήϩʖϕΝ͚ͯΕΉͪ͢ɽͳ͏͑͹΍ɼࢴ͗ࣆࣰΝஎͮͪͳ͘ɼΉͥଠ͹ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪਕͶճ͏͖ͪͮͪɽͲ΍౲࣎ɼͨ͹Γ͑͵ड़ਫ਼ं͹ήϩʖϕͺ͍ΕΉͦΞͲͪ͢͹Ͳɼ΢ϱνʖϋρφΏ৿ซ౵Ͳ୵͢ͱɼΓ͑Ώ͚ଠ͹ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪਕͪͬͳճ͑͞ͳ͗Ͳͪ͘Ήͪ͢ɽͫ͏΁ɼ͗ͤ͠͹Ͷɼ‫ۦ‬࿓ͪ͢‫͍͗ݩܨ‬ΕΉͤɽ ೧Ͷͺ‫ܜ‬ጱ୉ָ͹‫ࡑݳ‬͹‫گ‬दɼ٤ଞ઎ਫ਼Ͷଲ͢ͱ੠ࢢ఑‫ंڛ‬͹৚ๅ֋ࣖΝ‫ٽ‬ΌΖॽ໚Νૻͮͱ͏Ήͤɽ ुؔɼ ुؔ‫ͪ͟͏ͫͪ͏ͱͮܨ‬յ౶Ͷͺɼ઴೜ंɼ൩௫઎ਫ਼͹ࠔ͹৚ๅͺ‫ع‬Ͷഉ‫͠ؼ‬Ηͱ͕Εɼ൅‫࢔ͪͮ͏ͳ͖ͪͮ͵͘Ͳݡ‬೨͵಼༲͗ॽ͖Ηͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽͨ͹‫ܜ‬ጱ୉ָබӅ΍ࡤࠕɼχψʖΝॄΌΖ͹͗ࠖೋͶ͵ͮͱ͘ͱɼҲౕɼ', Ν஦ࢯ͢ͱ͏Ήͪ͗͢ɼࡤ೧Ήͪ࠸֋ͪ͢ͳ͏͑΀͑Ͷఽ͓ΔΗͱ͏ΉͤɽΉͳΌͶ͵ΕΉͤɽೖຌͲ ', ͺ‫ع‬Ͷ  ೧Ґ৏͹ྼ࢛͍͗ΕΉͤ͗ɼՁͳ͏ͮͱ΍ͨ͹۫ରద͵ࣰࢬ਼Ώɼͨ͹಼༲౵ɼΆͳΞʹޮ֋͠Ηͱ͏ΉͦΞɽΆͳΞʹ͗ඁືཬͶߨΚΗͱͪ͘ͳ͏
͑͹͗ͨ΍ͨ΍୉͘͵໲ୌͲ͍Θ͑ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽͨ͢ͱɼࢢʹ΍͹ίΠɼ఑‫ंڛ‬৚ๅΝ؇ཀྵͤΖɼͨ͑͏ͮͪࢬઅΝ‫ݺ‬ਕ͹෈ೝέϨωρέ͗ߨ͑͞ͳͺࠖೋͲͤɽͨΗΝՁΔ͖͹‫Ͳܙ‬ɼ๑ద͵ϩʖϩΝ͚ͯΕɼߨ੕͗कରͳ͵ͮͱߨͮͱ͏͚චགྷ͍͗Ζ͹Ͳͺ͵͏͖ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽࢴ͹ଋࢢ΍ૈ෗͹෾͖Δ͵͏ࢢʹ΍Ͷ͵ͮͱ͢Ή͏Ήͪ͢ɽͲ͘Ζͫ͜ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪਕͪͬ͹ίΠͳ͏͑ͳ͞Θ͹॑གྷ੓Ν೨ಆͶ஖͏ͱɼͧͽɼ٠࿨Ν਒Όͱ͏ͪ͘͏ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽ͟ੜ௎ɼ͍Ε͗ͳ͑͟͡͏Ήͪ͢ɽ

60䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People

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I am a Japanese person born via donor insemination (DI), and my profession is medical doctor.
Because of COVID-19, over the past 18 months, I have been looking after COVID-19 patients.
This is my presentation outline today. I would like to talk about myself and the situation of theDI where the anonymity is used as an excuse to ensure that the burden of the infertility of theparents are loaded onto the child and the individual clinics are managing. However, there must
be a public management and supervision of the entire system, and I appear very frequently on
the media presenting these ideas. This is one example of the newspaper. One reason I accept
many interviews is that I want to advocate and generate increased awareness of the situation.
The history of DI in Japan is as follows. In 1948, the first DI was performed, and subsequently,
the first baby was born in 1949. We say DI or AID; however, today, I will use the term DI. There
were approximately 400 treatment cycles per year. The number of regular infertility treatment
cycles between an infertile couple is increasing, but the number of DI is declining.
Furthermore, there were 400 pregnancies per year at the peak, and very recently that number
is approximately 100t200 pregnancies per year. Of those pregnancies, only approximately 100
out of 200 resulted in birth, and several cases have records of their birthplace. Additionally,
there has been no follow-up for many of the patients. This is the situation of DI in Japan;
however, it has not been studied appropriately. The Japanese Society of Obstetric Gynecology
demands the registration of the hospitals performing DI in Japan; therefore, there were 12
registered hospitals (at the peak), and more than 20 clinics were providing DI in Japan.
The most important issue regarding DI is that DI conceived people unexpectedly receive thetruth of the reality (or are told information suddenly) when there is an unexpected family crisis.
The second case involves what I personally experienced. Accidentally, I found out the truth of
my birth as a consequence of a blood test. In my case, I entered medical school in 1998, and I
became aware of the truth in my fifth grade as a medical studentas part of my clinical
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I had questioned why I was born when my parents were rather old, but I had not questioned
my blood relationship. My father, Haruhiko Kato, was born in 1929. In April, he passed away at
the age of 91. However, he lived a long life. In 2003, I was in the fifth grade as a medical
student. In the case of Japan, medical schools consist of 6-year curricula, and this blood test
was an aspect of training.
61ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

Therefore, I conducted a human leucocytes antigen test on myself and my parents. This is ananalysis of the detailed blood type of the leucocytes, the white blood cells. That is me, mymother, and my father. I tested the blood of all three of us, and then my father and myself. The
results showed that it was both different in two molecules. For example, in the case of myself
and my mother, so A31, so that is common for mother and myself; therefore, there is a genetic
relationship. However, the results indicated no match between my father and myself.
My supervisor (my professor) suggested very casually that maybe I had been adopted. I shouldhave inherited the molecules from the two parents, but that was not the case indicated by myblood test. When I returned home, I asked my mother why I am not genetically related to myfather. Suddenly, my mother started to talk and she explained that my parents married in their30s, but she did not get pregnant. Subsequently, they took a test, and my father wasdiagnosed with Azoospermia. Consequently, they received a sperm donation at the Keio
University Hospital, and I was born 2 years later.
I was shocked. I lost my voice and naturally, I asked who my biological father was? I wanted
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have not told anybody. We QHYHULQWHQGHGWRWHOODQ\ERG\XQWLOZHGLHG,WbV\RXUIDXOWEHFDXVH
\RXWULHGWRILQGLWRXWRQ\RXURZQ|$IWHUWKDW,KDGDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRPHHWWKHRE-gyn who
treated my parents, Dr. Rihachi Iizuka. He was the primary doctor of my parents, and I asked
him whether he managed genetic information, and how he selects the donors? He responded
by saying that he chooses the donors. They are academically high achievers, they have good
physique, and they should be no problem. However, he did not tell me whether he has any
records of the donors. He did not recognize the anxiety of a DI child. This was the informed
consent used by the Keio University for the donor and the recipient. According to this informed
consent here on the right-hand side, the recipients state that they agree and promise that they
ZLOO QRW DFFHVV WKH GRQRUbV LQIRUPDWLRQ but donor-conceived individuals have no chance toagree or disagree with the consent. And this is the schematic that I prepared myself. This is
Keio University Hospital. Back then, the doctors, including all the clinicians in Keio, would tell
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considered that it is better to withhold the truth as it would be better for their children.
Consequently, only the children remained ignorant of the truth. This must be very convenient
for everybody. However, once I knew that I was born through DI, I wanted to know two things.
First, I wanted to know the truththe fact that I was born through DI. I wanted to know moredetails and be provided with explanations about the procedure. And second, I wanted to know
the identity of my biological father. I wanted clear answers.

62䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People

Additionally, I wanted to know my genetic roots, I mean, I wanted the information of the donor.
Those who wish to know the identity of their genetic parents should be given access. And hereis the newspaper report on the first DI in Japan. This is Professor Kakuichi Ando, who
implemented the first DI in Japan. According to the newspaper, he stated that DI was much
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Various people, the religious people, and the cleric, for example, regarded DI as eugenicallyvery favorable. However, by contrast, several legal professionals and researchers disagreed
because this was eugenic manipulation, similar to animal experimentation. Additionally, there
was a complete divide between other Japanese professional communities; however, during
this period, there was no conclusion made as to whether DI should be performed or not, andno answer was accepted regarding whether this is procedure was medicine or not.
Therefore, DI was unclear, and there was no legal regulation. The intended parents agreed totheir treatment conditions such as secrecy, but the child was not in the position to agree ordisagree. Consequently, the number of DI children who know about their conception remains
limited. The voices of the DI children have never been heard; therefore, they have been
ignored. This results in the absence of care for the child.
When I understood the truth, I watched a TV documentary about DI offspring. This is Bill
Cordray, who appeared on the TV. He was trying to find his genetic father. He accessed thegrad list of the medical school of Utah University and attempted to identify the donor.
Subsequently, I copied his approach. I attempted to access the grad list as well as the album
with the photographs of the Medical School of Keio University, and I always carried the list
and photos. There were 400 or so medical students who could have been my genetic father.
These were the medical students who graduated from the Medical School of Keio University
when I was conceived. Simultaneously, I wanted the general public to become aware of thisproblem.
Otherwise, no one would know what technology it is about. They would not unable to try tosupport DI children if they remained ignorant. Therefore, to ensure that the media provides us
with the correct information, I receive interviews. In Japan, different organizations have issued
their positions about DI, about the legal or ethical aspect; however, no conclusion has beenreached.
Last year, the civil code was partly amended, so, for example, the Japan Federation of Bar
Associations or the Subcommittee on Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART Subcommittee),and the Health Science Council have been held. However, in 2003, the ART Subcommittee
recommended that the complete information of the donor should be disclosed. This is the only63ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

positive position held by all of the organizations. Here is the newspaper article stating that the
ART subcommittee has recommended that they should be able to access all the identifying
information of the donors when a person reaches 15 years old.
That is the only response to the advisory question. This was not a bill, and consequently, no
law has been enacted, which means that no regulation has been made about the access to
information by the child. Therefore, we founded the Donor Offspring Group (DOG) with agroup of DI offspring. When I became aware of the truth, I wanted to meet other DI offspring,but there was no such chance at that time. However, through the internet and newspapers, I
began a difficult search for other donor offspring and finally managed to find my peers.
In 2014, we sent a document requesting the disclosure of information on sperm donors toProfessor Yoshimura, the current professor at Keio University. After a week or two, the answer
was unfortunatethe information from the time of his predecessor, Dr. Iizuka, had beenpreviously discarded and could not be found. It is reported that Keio University Hospital has
recently stopped collecting donors and once stopped AID and DI; however, they restarted theprogram in 2020.
In summary, DI has a history of more than 70 years in Japan; however, the details, such as
specific treatment cycles and birth cases, are hardly disclosed. I believe that the problem isthat most of these procedures were performed secretly. Therefore, it is difficult for anindividual fertility clinic to provide support to donor-conceived children and manage theinformation of the donor, recipient, and donor-conceived children. Therefore, I believed that itis necessary to create some form of legal and administrative framework.
This is my son. He does not know who his biological grandfather is. However, for DI children, I
wish that there would be a more fruitful discussion.
Thank you for your attention.

64䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People

Presentation Slides

65ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

66䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People67ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

68䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People69ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

70䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People71ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

72䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People73ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

74䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People75ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

76䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People77ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

78䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People79ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

80䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People81ຍ⸨ⱥ᫂ Hideaki Kato᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⢭Ꮚ➼ᥦ౪་⒪䛾Ṕྐ䛸೔⌮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟The History of Donor Insemination/Conception in Japan and Confronting Ethical Issues

82䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People83