Introduction to emerging infectious diseases

October 17, 2017
Disease Control and Prevention Center
National Center for Global Health and Medicine
Shinichiro Morioka, M.D.

Today`s content
1. Previous events of EIDs in Japan (Dr. Morioka)
2. Current Japanese system against infectious diseases (Dr. Kutsuna)
3. Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (Dr. Ohta)JapanPopulation:

127 million

8 Regions, 47 Prefectures

Japan National Tourism Organization

Japanese National Center
Japan has 6 national centers.

Specialized forInfectious diseasePediatric diseaseElderly disease
Heart diseasePsychological diseaseCancerOur Mission

Management of the Risks of Infectious Diseases from a Global Viewpoint

Organization Chart of DCC
Disease Control and Prevention
Center (DCC)
UnitIsolationfor HighlyLethalunitforInfectious
emergingDiseases
infectious4disease
beds
Division ofInfectious Diseases

Travel Clinic

Division of Preparedness
and Emerging Infections

Highly Infectious and Lethal Diseases Unit, 10 beds

NCGM has 4 beds.
Each Other hospital has 2 beds.

High Level Isolation Unit in NCGM

Building constructed in 2003, and immediately accepted suspected
SARS cases.
Located close to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases(laboratory services easily available).

Training Session

Emerging/re-emerging Infectious Diseases

WHOEmerging Infectious Disease Eventsin the Past 30 Years in Japan
Events
Lassa fever,imported from Sierra Leone
Anthrax bioterrorism incident

PlaceTokyoYear
1987

Tokyo

1993

Outbreak of EHEC O157

Western Japan

1996

SARS, imported from Taiwan
Avian influenza H5N1,
no human case
Pandemic influenza H1N1

Western Japan
Western Japan

2003
2004

Across Japan2009

Dengue, autochthonousTokyo2014

Suspected Ebola

Across Japan

2014-15

Emerging Infectious Disease Eventsin the Past 30 Years in Japan
Events
Lassa fever,imported from Sierra Leone
Anthrax bioterrorism incident

PlaceTokyoYear
1987

Tokyo

1993

Outbreak of EHEC O157

Western Japan

1996

SARS, imported from Taiwan
Avian influenza H5N1,no human case
Pandemic influenza H1N1

Western Japan
Western Japan

2003
2004

Across Japan2009

Dengue, autochthonous

Tokyo

2014

Suspected Ebola

Across Japan

2014-15

Dengue

Scientific Data 1: 140004 (2014)

Figure 1. Distribution of EVD cases by week of reporting; Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria,
Senegal and Mali; week 48/2013 to week 15/2015, as of 5 April 2015

2013.12〜2014.52014.6〜
2014.112014.12〜2015.122013-2016 Outbreak ofEbola virus disease inWest Africa

ECDC.
Rapidriskinassessment.
15, 2015* In week 45/2014, WHO carried out a retrospective correction to thedata which
resulted
299 fewer casesApriland a negativevalue for new cases in week 45 (not plotted) [12].
** According to WHO, the marked increase in the cumulative total number of cases in week 43 is due to a more comprehensive

Nosocomial spread ofMERS in South Korea

Current Classification of Highly Infectious
Diseases in Japan
Diseases with unknown pathogens,Lethal, pathogens ex. SARS before SARS-coronavirus identified
not identified

Novel

Category 1Lethal, BSL4
pathogens

Viral hemorrhagic fevers, ex. Ebola
Smallpox
PlagueSARS and MERSLethal, epidemic- Avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9prone
Tuberculosis
Polio and Diphtheria

Category 2

National Agencies for Infectious Disease Control
NIID: National Instituteof Infectious Diseases
BSL4 laboratory
Epi & Laboratory

NIID

MHLW: Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare
Coordination

MHLW
NCGM

NCGM: National Center for
Global Health and Medicine
Case management & IPC

Quarantine
OfficeOpen discussions