Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea
The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens｜Dates August 23-25, 2016
｜Venue The Suites Hotel Jeju, Suites Forum(B1)｜Hosted by Kyoto University, Korea University, Meijo University｜Sponsored by Toyota Foundation, Jeju Peace Institute,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, REEPS한일 재생가능에너지 전문가 제주심포지엄 개최에 즈음하여작년 12월 프랑스 파리에서 열린 제21차 기후변화협약당사국총회(COP21)에서 전 세계가 기후변화의
심각성을 공감하고 금세기 중 지구 기온을 산업혁명 이전 온도 대비 최소한 2도 이내로 억제하기 위해파리협정을 체결하였습니다. 아울러 세계 각국은 온실가스를 감축하기 위한 자발적인 감축목표(INDC)를 발표하였는데, 한국은 2030년까지 BAU기준으로 37% 감축(2010년 배출량 대비 21% 감축)을, 일본은 2030년까지 2013년 배출량 대비 26% 삭감을 목표로 정하였습니다. 또한, 한일 양국은 파리협정의
INDC목표달성의 전제조건으로서 2030년까지의 전원구성계획도 발표하였습니다. 일본의 전원구성은
원전 20∼22%, 화석에너지 약 56%인 반면 재생가능에너지는 22∼24%에 그치고 있어 결국 80% 가까이가 지구환경에 부정적인 전원으로 구성되어 있습니다. 한국 역시 원전 29%, 화석에너지60%, 그리고신재생에너지는 단지 11%에 그치고 있어 인류의 생명과 안전 그리고 생태계의 지속가능한 공존이 어려운 전원 구성으로 되어있습니다.
한일 양국 모두 2030년의 전원구성에서 여전히 원전과 화석에너지가 중심이 되고 있는 것은 어찌 보면신재생에너지의 확대는 전력비용을 상승시키고 경제에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라는 인식이 자리 잡고 있기 때문일 것입니다. 하지만 한일 양국 모두 신재생에너지의 확대가 어느 정도 경제에 부정적인 영향을 미칠지에 대해서는 명확히 밝히지 않고 있습니다. 또한, 신재생에너지의 빠른 기술진보에 따른 가격 경쟁력, 그리고 신재생에너지 공급을 통한 지역의 에너지 자립과 고용 및 경제 활성화, 그리고 화석에너지로부터의 탈피를 통한 에너지 안보 등 신재생에너지가 갖고 있는 장점들이 단지 단기적인 비용 측면만의 평가로 간과되고 있는 것은 아닌지 하는 우려가 생깁니다.
현재 EU에서는 2030년에 전력의 45%를 신재생에너지로 공급하는 것을 목표로 하고 있고, 미국 캘리포니아주에서는 2030년까지 신재생에너지 공급비중을 50%로 설정하고 있습니다. 다시 말해, 「2030년에
전력의 40%이상을 신재생에너지로 공급」하는 것이 선진국들의 목표라는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 한일 양국 모두 선진국 대열에 진입해 있는 만큼 국제사회가 기대하고 있는 선진국의 역할을 외면하기는 어려운상황입니다. 따라서 지속가능한 저탄소 사회를 구축하기 위해 필요한 신재생에너지 공급 목표는 어느 정도인지 그리고 그 목표를 달성하는 데 필요한 에너지 정책은 무엇인지 지혜를 모으는 것이 필요한 때입
니다. 그런 차원에서 2030년까지 탄소제로섬을 천명하고 신재생에너지 보급을 적극적으로 전개하고 있는 제주도에서 한국과 일본의 우수한 전문가들이 모여서 심도 있는 토론을 벌이는 것은 매우 의미 있는일이라 할 수 있습니다.
근래 한일 양국이 신재생에너지 정책에 있어 새로운 제도 전환을 통해 신재생에너지의 보급이 늘어나는등 괄목할 만한 성과들이 나타나고 있습니다. 하지만 양국 모두 대규모 태양광발전 중심으로 이뤄지고있고, 소규모 지역밀착형 신재생에너지는 여전히 보급이 미미한 수준입니다. 이번 심포지엄에서는 신재생에너지의 환경가치 외에도 지역 가치를 조명하고, 소규모 신재생에너지가 비즈니스 모델로서 성공적으로 정착할 수 있는 대안을 모색하고자 합니다. 이번 한일 심포지엄의 특징은 중앙정부, 지방정부의 정책 연구자 그리고 시민과 기업 측면에서의 왕성한 활동을 하고 있는 한일 전문가들이 한자리에 모여 그동안의 각각의 제도전환의 성과와 과제를 비교 분석하고 앞으로 지역형 신재생에너지의 보급 활성화 방안을 찾아보는 데 있습니다.
마지막으로 본 심포지엄에 많은 지원을 해주신 제주평화연구원, 토요타 재단, 그리고 일본 문부성의 학술진흥재단에 감사드립니다.

2016년 8월 23일메이죠대학교 교수 이수철, 교토대학교 특임교수 나까야마타꾸오, 고려대학교 교수 조용성韓日再生可能エネルギー専門家済州シンポジウム開催に際して昨年12月フランス、パリで開かれた国連気候変動枠組条約第21回締約国会議 (COP21)では、全世界が気候変動の深刻性に共感し、今世紀中地球気温を産業革命以前の気温に比べて2度℃以内で抑制するためのパリ協定が締結されました。世界各国は温室ガスを削減するための約束草案(INDC)を公表したが、日本は2030年まで2013年排出量対比26%削減、韓国は2030年までBAU基準として37%
削減(2010年排出量対比21%削減)削減を定めました。
また、日韓両国はパリ協定のINDC目標達成の前提条件として2030年までの電源ミックス計画も発表しました。日本の電源構成は原子力発電が20～22%、化石エネルギーが約56%である一方で再生可能エネルギーは22～24%に留まり、結局80%近くが生命と地球環境に不安な電源構成となっています。韓国も原子力発電が29%、化石エネルギーが約60%、そして再生可能エネルギーが11%に過ぎず、日本よりさらに人類の生命と地球生態系を脅かす電源構成となっていました。
日韓両国が2030年の電源構成において依然として原子力発電と化石エネルギーが中心となっているのは、再生可能エネルギーの拡大は電力費用を上昇させ、経済に否定的な影響を及ぼすという認識があったためでしょう。しかしながら、韓日両国ともに再生可能エネルギーの拡大がどれほ
ど経済に否定的な影響を及ぼすかについては明らかになっていません。また、再生可能エネルギーの急速な技術進歩にともなう価格競争力向上、そして再生可能エネルギー普及による地域のエ
ネルギー自治と雇用および経済活性化、そしてエネルギー安全保障など再生可能エネルギーが有する長所が、見過ごされているのではと考えられます。
現在EUでは2030年に電力の45%を再生可能エネルギーでまかなう目標を立てており、米国のカリフ
ォルニア州では2030年まで再生可能エネルギー供給目標を50%までに設定しています。言い換えれば、「2030年に電力の40%以上を再生可能エネルギーで供給」ということが先進国のスタンダードと言って良いでしょう。韓日両国ともにOECD先進国として地球温暖化問題においても国際社会に貢献する義務があります。
今まさに、持続可能な低炭素社会を構築するために必要な再生可能エネルギー供給目標はどの程度なのか、そしてその目標を達成するために必要なエネルギー政策は如何なるものであるべきか
知恵を絞ることが必要な時期となっています。このような状況でいち早く2030年まで炭素ゼロア
イランドを打ち出し、再生可能エネルギー普及を積極的に展開している済州道で韓国と日本の優れた専門家たちが集まって議論を深めることは非常に意義高いといえます。
近年、韓日両国は、再生可能エネルギー政策転換を図り、再生可能エネルギーの普及が従来より進むなど一定の成果が現れています。ただし、両国ともに大規模太陽光発電が中心となっており、小規模地域密着型再生可能エネルギーは依然としてその普及が芳しくない状況にあります。
今回のシンポジウムでは、再生可能エネルギーの環境価値のほかに、地域価値にも注目を当てて、小規模再生可能エネルギーがビジネスモデルとして定着できる方策を模索することを目的としています。
今回のシンポジウムの特色は、中央政府、地方政府の再生可能エネルギー政策に詳しい研究者そして市民運動家と企業で活動をしている日韓の専門家が一同に集まり、その間のそれぞれの政策転換の成果と課題を比較考察し、今後地域型再生可能エネルギーの普及活性化方策を探ることであります。
最後にシンポジウムの開催に支援を惜しまなかったトヨタ財団、済州平和研究所、そして日本文部科学省の日本学術振興会の関係者の方々に深く感謝申し上げます。

2016年8月23日
名城大学教授李秀澈・京都大学特定助教

中山琢夫・高麗大学教授

趙容成

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea
The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens
Dates: August 23~25, 2016
Venue: The Suites Hotel Jeju
9:00-9:30

Registration

9:30-9:50
Greetings
President Tae-young MOON (Jeju Peace Institute)
Professor Soocheol LEE (Meijo University)
Assistant professor Takuo NAKAYAMA (Kyoto University)*Moderator: Professor Yongsung CHO (Korea University)
10:00-11:00 Session I
Session topic: Climate Change Policy and Energy Outlook after Paris Agreement
Presentation 1: Professor Soocheol LEE (Meijo University)
Presentation 2: Professor Yongsung CHO (Korea University)
11:00-12:00 Session II
Session topic: Role of Central Government to Promote Renewable Energy
Presentation 1: Assistant professor Takuo NAKAYAMA (Kyoto University)
Presentation 2: Dr. Changhoon LEE (Korea Environment Institute)[Day 1]
August23(Tue.)12:00-12:40 Discussion on session Ⅰ and Ⅱ
Chair: Dr. Hyuncheol KIM (Jeju Development Institute)
Discussant: Dr. Intaek HAN (Jeju Peace Institute)
Journalist Ho-chun KIM (Yonhap News Agency)
12:40-14:00 Luncheon
14:00-15:00 Session III
Session topic: Role of Local Government and Company to Promote Renewable Energy
Presentation 1: Director Heejung CHUNG (Seoul Metropolitan Government)
Presentation 2: CEO Yoshihito IWAMA (Shinmutsu-ogawara)
15:10-16:10 Session IV
Session topic: Role of Citizens to Promote Renewable Energy
Presentation 1: President Jiwon HA (EcoMom Korea)
Presentation 2: Specialist Yosuke TOYOTA (Kiko Network)
16:10-16:30 Coffee Break
16:30-17:30 Discussion on Session Ⅲ and Ⅳ
Chair: Professor Kyung-nam KIM (Korea University)
Discussant: Professor Dongsoon LIM (Dong-eui University)
Director Youngung LEE (Korean Federation for Environmental Movements of Jeju)
18:00 -20:30 Dinner at Lotzu
10:00-11:30 Visit Jeju Prefecture[Day 2] 11:30-13:30 Luncheon
August13:30-17:30 Visit renewable energy facility
24(Wed.)18:30-20:30 Dinner by Jeju Peace Institute[Day 3]
August25(Thur.)

10:00-12:00 Round table meeting
Topic: Renewable Energy Cooperation Between Japan and Korea
Chair: Professor Soocheol LEE (Meijo University)
Keynote address: Professor Nobuo SHIRAI (Hosei University)“Renewable Energy and Regeneration of Regional Communities：Comparison of Citizens’ Consciousness in Japan and Korea”
12:00-13:30 Luncheon
13:30

Closing Remark

Proceedings

Session I – 1

Japan` Energy Outlook in 2030 and Climate Change Policy to Meet INDC
of Paris Agreement- Professor Soocheol LEE (Meijo University)

Session I – 2

Session II – 1

Session II – 2

Session III – 1

Climate Change, Paris Agreement, and Korea- Professor Yongsung CHO (Korea University)

Current Status and Issue of Japanese RE Policy at Central Government Level- Assistant professor Takuo NAKAYAMA (Kyoto University)

Recent Developments of Korea’s Renewable Energy Policy- Dr. Changhoon LEE (Korea Environment Institute)

One Less Nuclear Power Plant
Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan
- Director Heejung CHUNG (Seoul Metropolitan Government)

Session III – 2

Session IV – 1

Session IV – 2

Keynote address

Renewable Energies in Rokkasho- CEO Yoshihito IWAMA (Shinmutsu-ogawara)

The Role of Citizens in the Generalized Use of Renewable Energy- President Jiwon HA (EcoMom Korea)

Citizens’ and Regional Initiatives towards 100% Renewable Energy in Japan- Specialist Yosuke TOYOTA (Kiko Network)

Renewable Energy and Regeneration of Regional Communities Comparisonof Citizens’ Consciousness in Japan and Korea- Professor Nobuo SHIRAI (Hosei University)

SESSION I – 1
Japan` Energy Outlook in 2030 and Climate Change Policy
to Meet INDC of Paris Agreement

Professor Soocheol LEE (Meijo University)Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Japan-Korea Jeju renewable energy
promotion symposium
August 23-25, 2016

Japan` Energy Outlook in 2030 andClimate Change Policy to Meet INDC
of Paris Agreement

㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌

Soocheol Lee(Meijo University)
slee@meijo-u.ac.jp

Current Energy Situation
and Outlook of Energy
Plan in Japan-9-The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Figure 1 Historical change in primary energy mix of Japan
4%୔
100%

㻾㼑㼚㼑㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑㼟㻌㼑㼤㼏㼑㼜㼠㻌㻴㼥㼐㼞㼛

3%

90%

㻲㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌㻻㼕㼘㻌㻯㼞㼕㼟㼕㼟㻌㻰㼑㼜㼑㼚㼐㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㼛㼚㻌㼒㼛㼟㼟㼕㼘㻌
㼒㼡㼑㼘㼟
䠕䠐䠂

70%
60%

䠄3%䠅

㻺㼡㼏㼘㼑㼍㼞

㻴㼥㼐㼞㼛
80%

䠄4%䠅

㻯㼛㼍㼘

㻴㼕㼓㼔㼑㼟㼠㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㻌䠕䠎䠊䠍䠂㻸㼛㼣㼑㼞㼟㼠㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌㼐㼑㼜㼑㼚㼐㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㼛㼚㻌㼒㼛㼟㼟㼕㼘㻌㼒㼡㼑㼘㼟㻌㼟㼕㼚㼏㼑㻌㻲㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌㻻㼕㼘㻌㻿㼔㼛㼏㼗㻌䠓䠕䠊䠕䠂

50%
40%

0.4%

㻺㼍㼠㼡㼞㼍㼘㻌㼓㼍㼟

24%

25%

㻻㼕㼘
43%

30%

䠄11%䠅
䠄19%䠅

䠄23%䠅

䠄40%䠅

20%
Figure in
䠄䠅 in
FY2010

10%
0%
1953

1957

1961

1965

1969

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1997

2001

2005

2009

2013

Source: MET, Comprehensive Energy Statistics
ଖ Solar ஂ0.1%ஃଞWindஂ0.2%ஃ ଞGeothermal ஂ0.1%ஃଞBiomassஂ3.6%ஃ

㻟㻌Figure 2

Source: The Federation of Electric Power Companies in Japan- 10 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Table 1 Changes of Energy Basic Plan and energy policies in Japan
2003
2007
2010

2012
2013
2015

Energy Basic Plan
Energy Basic Plan

OutlineFormulate a basic plan on energy supply anddemandst
1 revision of Energy Basic㻌 Measurement to get the Kyoto Protocol target of
Plan
Japan
nd
2
revision of Energy Share of Zero emission electricity (nuclear andrenewables) target 50% in 2020and 70%(nuclear
Basic Plan
50% and renewables 20% approximately) in 2030
Innovative Energy and Share of electricity mix as nuclear 0%, renewables
Environment Policy
35%, and fossil fuels 65%
Regard nuclear as important base load electricity.
New Energy Basic Plan
Enlarge renewables
National
Long-term Ratio of nuclear 20㇊22% in 2030, renewables
EnergyDemand-Supply 22㇊24% and fossil fuels 60% in total electricity.
OutlookFigure 3 Japan`s Energy and Power mix plan in 2030
GDP growth rate
(1.7%/year from 2013
to 2030)2030 powermix plan

EnergyConservation(50.3 million KL)

Electricity
About 25%(966.6 bil. kWh)Heat, Gasoline,
City gas, etc.
75%

Energ
y
Dema
nd

2030 primaryenergy mix plan
Geothemal(1~1.1%)

5HQHZDEOHVa Electricity
About 28%(980.8 bil. kWh)Heat, Gasoline,
City gas, etc.
72%

1XFOHDUa /1* 

%LRPDVVa 

5HQHZDEOHVa :LQG  

1XFOHDUa 

39  

/1*
 

+\GUR
a


&RDO
 

LPG(3%)&RDO 

3HWUROHXP 

3HWUR (3%)

Total electricity output(1,065 billion kWh)
Source:METI

361 million KL

2013

326 million KL

2030

2030

- 11 -

2030

NuclearandFossil
Fuel
Reliance
85%

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

GHG Emission
and INDC target
of Japan in Paris
Agreement

Table 2 Trend in GHG emissions of Japan 㻌
FY1990FY2005FY2010FY2011FY2012FY2014GHG emissions㻌 䠄Mt-CO2䠅

䠍䠈䠎䠒䠍

䠍䠈䠏䠓䠓

䠍䠈䠎䠔䠒

䠍䠈䠏䠏䠓

䠍䠈䠏䠓䠏

䠍䠈䠏䠒䠐㻌

CO2 emissions from energy
sources㻌 䠄Mt-CO2䠅

䠍䠈䠌䠑䠕

䠍䠈䠎䠌䠏

䠍䠈䠍䠎䠏

䠍䠈䠍䠓䠏

䠍䠈䠎䠌䠔

䠍䠈䠎䠒䠑

㻌 㻌 Fom power generation୔㻌䠄Mt-CO2䠅

䠎䠓䠑

䠏䠓䠏

䠏䠓䠐

䠐䠏䠕

୔䛂㟁ຊศ䛃䛿䚸୍⯡㟁Ẽ஦ᴗ⪅䛻䜘䜛᤼ฟ㔞 䠓䠔䠐

䠔䠏䠌

䠓䠐䠕

䠓䠏䠐 䕦15㻌 㻌 From other sources㻌䠄Mt-CO2䠅

1400

䠄ⓒ୓t-CO2䠅

1,377
1,286

1,261
1200

ஂ10羭
+65
菲ஃ

ஂ10羭

+112
䠐䠔䠒 菲ஃ

䠓䠎䠎

䕦28

ஂ10羭

+110
䠐䠕䠑 菲ஃ

䠓䠓䠌

1,373

1,364

(2010ᖺᗘẚ)(2010ᖺᗘẚ)(2010ᖺᗘẚ)

+65

+112

+110

2011ᖺᗘ

2012ᖺᗘ

2014ᖺᗘ
2013ᖺᗘ

1,337

䕦9

䡰䢄䢕䡳䢚䡬㉳※CO2௨እ䛾ᐊຠᯝ䡲䢚䡹䠄5.5䡲䢚䡹䠅᤼ฟ㔞

1000
800
䡰䢄䢕䡳䢚䡬㉳※CO2
᤼ฟ㔞

600
400
200

୍⯡㟁Ẽ஦ᴗ⪅䛻䜘䜛CO2᤼ฟ㔞

01990ᖺᗘ

2005ᖺᗘ

2010ᖺᗘ

䛆ி㒔㆟ᐃ᭩ᇶ‽ᖺ䛇୔Emission from 10 power facilities䛆ฟ඾䛇 ⥲ྜ䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊⤫ィ䚸⎔ቃ⾜ືィ⏬䠄㟁Ẽ஦ᴗ㐃ྜ఍䠅䚸᪥ᮏ䛾 ᐊຠᯝ䜺䝇᤼ฟ㔞䛾⟬ᐃ⤖ᯝ䠄⎔ቃ┬䠅䜢䜒䛸䛻సᡂ䚹- 12 -

㻤㻌Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Figure 4 CO2 Emission Trend of Japan, Korea and Germany
Germany

M CO2t

Japan

Korea

Japan
(1235)

Germany

(760)
(550)

(572) Korea

(431)

(232)

Figure 5 Japanese GHG targets in 2030 and 2050
1,397 CO2 (2005=100
million ton )3.8% reduction
comparing to 2005

䐠GDP growth rate
(1.7%/year㻌 from2013 to 2030)

䐟䐡PLOOLRQWRQ
UHGXFWLRQFRPSDULQJWR

80% reduction
comparing to
1990

2020 target
2030 target

2005

2013

2020

2050 target

2030- 13 -

2050

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

7DEOH*+*WDUJHWRIVHOHFWHGFRXQWULHVWRPHHW,1'&

EU
US
China

Korea

Base
year
1990
(2005)
2005(1990)

Target
year

2005

2030

BAU

2013
Japan 䠄1990䠅
(2005)

2030
2025

Reduction rate

Etc.

䕦40䠂
(䕦35%)
䕦26䡚28䠂(䕦14䡚16䠂)䠄CO2/GDP䠅
From base year of
INDCs䕦60䡚65䠂

No contribution from international
credits.

2030

䕦37䠂

2030

䕦26䠂
䠄䕦18䠂䠅
(䕦25.4䠂)Making CO2 emission peak around2030䠄as soon as possible䠅

utilize international market
Mechanisms 11.3%(-8.1% comparing to 2012)

Figure 6 GHG Target of Selected Countries
2050GHG Target

GHG2030
Target Comparing to 20102010ᖺᑐẚ2030ᖺ䛾GHGཎ༢఩๐ῶ⋡2030ᖺBAUᑐẚ๐ῶ⋡ẚ㍑
Using international
market mechanism
like CDM 11.3%

Global bench mark䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜽䠄49%䠅

Source- 14 -Countries

Basic year

Target

U.S.A

2005ᖺ

-83%

1990ᖺ

-80~95%

Japan

2005ᖺ

-80%

Russia

1990ᖺ

-50%

Canada2006ᖺ

-60~70%

Korea

-

-

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

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The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens(KIWTG6JGKORCEVQHENKOCVGEJCPIGQPINQDCN
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- 16 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea'PGTI[CPF
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
2QNKE[KP,CRCP- 17 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Figure 11 Raito of renewables in total electricity supply

30%(2012)
22%(2012)

15%(2012)
10.7%(2013)

12%(2012)

Figure 12

Source: The Federation of Electric Power Companies in Japan- 18 -

3.7%(2012)

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Figure 13

CarbonPricing

Environm
ental
Subsidies

Table 4 FIT tariff and installed capacity of renewable energy in Japan
Installed capacity

Tariff(JPY/kWh)Technology

2013

2014

2015

42
40
55

38
36
55

37
32
55

33~35
29
55

(July2012~April2016)㻌 㻌
(MW)
31~33
4,030(4,690)
24
24,280(74,760)
55

22

22

22

22

22

PV (smaller than 10kW)
PV (larger than 10kW)Wind (smaller than 20kW)

Tariff
years
10
20
20

Wind (larger than 20kW)

20

Wind( off shore)

20

-

-

36

36

36

Small hydro (smaller than 200kW)

20

34

34

34

34

34

Small hydro (200-1000kW)

20

29

29

29

29

29

Geothermal (smaller than15000kW)

15

40

40

40

40

40

Biogas

20

39

39

39

39

39

Solid biomass (unutilized wood)

20

32

32

32

32

32

Solid biomass (wood and processed residue
from agriculture)

20

Waste

20

2012

2016

500(2,840)

170(780)10(80)

530(3,710)

Note: (

24

24

24

24

24

17

17

17

17

17

) of installed capacity is amount approved.

Source: Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Japan, Website June 2016 access- 19 -

Total:29,520(86,860)

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻌㻝㻡㻌㻌㻌㻱㼤㼜㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌㻳㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻯㼍㼜㼍㼏㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㼑㼚㼑㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌㻌
YS\WWGG
25000

t~G

Geothermal
BiomassWind

YSWWWGG
20000

15000
XS\WWGG
10000

Solar

XSWWWGG

5000
\WWGG

WGG

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Source Produced based on Materials of METIଟFY2014 cover only capacity introduced from April to July.

㻞㻟㻌

Figure 16 Image of electricity generation cost in 2030
Electricity cost reduction from 2013 to 2030

5.3 trillion yen
Fuel cost(fossil fuel and nuclear)

3.7~4.0 trillion yen
FiT cost for renewables

0.1 trillion yen
Grid stabilization cost

2030

2013

Source: METI

- 20 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Carbon Tax

Figure 17 Countries which already introduced carbon tax

Japan

2012

2.5 $

- 21 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Figure 18 Japan CO2 in the Reference Scenario, Asia/World Energy Outlook 2015
China 18.6% comparing to 2013
Taiwan 11.8% comparing to 2013
Korea 8.4% comparing to 2013

(mtCO2)

1250

-8.9%

1200

1150

In the IEEJ Reference
1100

Scenario, Japan̓s CO2
emissions are reduced by1050

8.9% in 2030 compared to
1000
2013

2020

2030

2013.

Source: Asia/World Energy Outlook 2015 (IEEJ 2016).

%QPENWUKQP- 22 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Revise National Energy Plan
䖃Reduce shares of Nuclear and fossil fuel energy
䖃Increase renewable energy share at least 30% by 2030
Revise current renewable energy policy more friendly tosmall size and localized generation
䖃Hybrid renewable policy(e.g. RPS(Mega Sola etc. )+FIT(small sizeand localized generation))

Introduce carbon pricing positively
䖃Carbon pricing is now widely implemented or scheduled for implementation
䖃Carbon pricing stimulate low carbon investment and renewable energies• “40 years life span in principle” under thelegislation would probably bring share of nuclear toless than 15%; and to zero around 2050.
-Need to prepare additional measures for thesituation in which nuclear power plants could notoperate as assumed• Concern about numerous plans to newly constructcoal fired plants-Need some regulation to set level playing field.

- 23 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Figure 21 Trend of generation capacity of nuclear power in case finish
generation in 40 and 60 years
Generation capacity(10 thousand kW)

In case finish generation
In 60 years
28.6%(ratio of nuclear
power in total
electricity in2010)

In case finish generation
In 40 years

Figure 22 East Asia super grid vision- 24 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Figure 23 Countries implemented or scheduled carbon pricing
for implementation

Figure 24 : GDP, CO2 emissions, GHG targets, energy systems and low-carbon policies of Japan and Korea
GDPGDP(bn US$)GDP (per capita US$)Japan (year)
3,104 (1990),
4,902 (2013)25,140 (1990),
38,491 (2013)

Korea (year)
270 (1990),
1,222 (2013)
6,308 (1990),
24,329 (2013)

CO2 emission and
GHG targets

Energy related CO2 emission(M CO2ton)

1,095 (1990),
1,235 (2013)

247 (1990),
601(2013)

INDC 2030㻌 GHG target(䠂)-18.0(comparing to 1990)-25.4(comparing to 2005)-26.0(comparing to 2013)
10.7% (2013),
13.5% (2020),
22~24.0% (2030)-37.0%(BAU)-21%(comparing to 2010)*including oversea`s credit
3.7% (2012),
10% (2022),
15% (2035)
11% of primary energy (2035)
32.2% (2010),
27.6% (2013),
27.8% (2024),
29% (2035)
Not yet; under discussion

Renewable energy
and nuclear
power target

Low-carbon policy

Renewable(% of total
electricity)
Nuclear(% of total electricity)

29.2% (2010),
1.7% (2013),
20~22%(2030)

Carbon tax

289 yen/tCO2 from 2012

ETS

Not yet nationally but municipally from Nationally from 20152010 (Tokyo City), 2011 (Saitama
Prefecture)FIT
RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard )Renewable energy policy

Sources: Websites of World Bank, IEA, IAEA,World Nuclear Association and Lee et al.,2015.

- 25 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Reference Figures
Figures from PPT of Prof. Sun-Jin Yun of Seoul National University
presented at Meijo University on August 1st, 2016㻌㻝㻜㻜㻑෌⏕ྍ⬟䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊♫఍䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ㻦ᅜᐙ㻌㻟㻤㻌- 26 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

㻌㻝㻜㻜㻑෌⏕ྍ⬟㻱♫఍䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䠖ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ㻛㒔ᕷ㻌39㻌㻝㻜㻜㻑෌⏕ྍ⬟㻱♫఍䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䠖㻌௻ᴗ㻌⌧ᅾ㻝㻜㻜䠂෌⏕䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊㻌ᐉゝ䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹௻ᴗᩘ䛿㻡㻤♫㻌඲䛶䛾௻ᴗ䛜㻝㻜㻜䠂෌⏕䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䜢฼⏝䛩䜛ሙྜ䚸ୡ⏺
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40- 27 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens㻌䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊※ู౯᱁ኚ໬䠖ኴ㝧ග౯᱁ᛴⴠ㻌䝦䞁䝸䞊䝝䝤䠖໭⡿ᆅᇦ䛾௦⾲ⓗ䛺ኳ↛䜺䝇౯᱁ᣦᶆ㻌㻨ฟᡤ㻦㻌㻮㼑㼞㼚㼟㼠㼑㼕㼚㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻠㻪㻌Thank you for your kind attention!

- 28 -

41

SESSION I – 2
Climate Change, Paris Agreement, and Korea

Professor Yongsung CHO (Korea University)Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Climate Change, Paris Agreement, and Korea

Yongsung CHO
KOREA University

http://www.pulseheadlines.com/greenpeacess-energy-revolution-proposals-2015/6356/- 31 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

6RXUFHKWWSVWZLWWHUFRPSURBDULWKPHWLFVWDWXV  South Korea’s power demand increased by 162% over the period 1990–2013 and isdominated by coal-fired (45% in 2013) and nuclear generation (26% in 2013) (IEA, 2014).

Current status of Korea• Fossil fuels accounted for about 66% of energy supply in 2014.

• Nuclear energy with 15%, but renewable energy only 1.1%
• Of renewable energy, bio fuels and waste energy accounted for about
73%, followed by hydro energy at 12% and solar power with 7.4%
• Question: Why Korea has such a low renewable energy share?

- 32 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

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National Targets• BY 2020: 30% below BAU• By 2030: 37% below BAU (536 MtCO2e)• 22% reduction below 2012 GHG levels.
• actual mitigations of 25.7% + purchase of global carbon credits (11.3%),
leading to a restriction of emissions to 536 MtCO2e.

- 33 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Yearly Target Emissions based on Roadmap 2020 & INDC
INDC (2015.6)

National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Roadmap 2020(2014.1)
‘14

‘15

‘16

‘17

‘18

‘19

‘20

2020

2025

2030

BAU

694.5

709.0

720.8

733.4

747.1

761.4

776.1

782.5

809.7

850.6

TargetEmission

659.1

637.8

621.2

614.3

604.4

585.4

543.0

-

-

535.9
(632.0)

Reduction
rate

5.1%

10%

13.8%

16.2%

19.1%

23.1%

30%

-

-

37%
(25.7%)

Source: National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Roadmap 2020 (2014.1) and the 2030 South Korea to GHG
Mitigation Goal to 37% from BAU (2015.6)

Difficulties : K-ETS• K-ETS launched in 2015 to provide 525 local companies with
opportunities to reduce carbon emissions through selling leftover orbuying shortages of emissions rights.

• However, companies are reluctant to sell their leftover emissions
rights, which can be rolled over to the next year.
• Why? Solutions?

- 34 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Government actions• The Cabinet on Feb. 2016 approved plans to hand over responsibility for thenation’s emissions trading scheme to the Office for Government Policy
Coordination, and changed an ETS rule to make it easier for emitters tomeet their targets.
• But, the market was oversupplied in the first year (2015).

• Change of roll : MoE Î Ministry of Strategy and Finance• Tasks: setting up & coordinating plans on emissions quotas, as well as controlling theemissions rights market.

Change : New Energy Industry Promotion Plan
• Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) unveiled a detailed
investment plan on July 5, 2016 to promote the "new energy
industry'' as Korea's next growth driver.
• The gist of the investment plan is that• invest a combined 42 trillion won ($36.6 billion) into new energy businesses
by 2020• including renewable energy, electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems(ESS) and smart grids• aims not only to fight climate change but also to nurture a new export industry- 35 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens• To develop and promote new energy industry, 30 trillion won (71%) isslated to be spent on the construction of renewable energy power
plants with a combined power generation capacity of 13 million
kilowatts, equivalent to that of 26 coal plants.

• To speed up renewable power plant construction, MOTIE will raisethe "renewable portfolio standard (RPS)" to 5% from an earlier targetof 4.5% in 2018, and from 6% to 7% in 2020.
• Incentives will be offered to solar power producers utilizing ESS,
which will double the ESS market to 600 billion won by 2020.

• Deregulation measures• to allow solar power generators to sell electricity to individual and corporate
customers via the Korea Power Exchange.
• the opening of the power generation & supply market Î draw more privatecompanies into the new energy market~• The long-term investment goal is to develop these new energy
companies into exporters.
• Pairings will be sought with Korean financial institutions and public energy
giants (i.e., Korea Electric Power Corp.) to help new Korean energy ventures
tap into overseas markets.

- 36 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Key issue• Can we sustain the economic development without further
construction of nuclear or coal power plants?

• Energy conversion• Sustainable energy – renewables• Decentralized technologies• Material recycling & reuse• Ecologically based land use planning• Forest conservation• Sustainable agriculture• Redirection of economic development toward anenvironment-friendly industrial base- 37 -SESSION II – 1
Current Status and Issue of Japanese RE Policy
at Central Government Level

Assistant professor Takuo NAKAYAMA (Kyoto University)Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Current Status and Issue ofJapanese RE Policy atCentral Government Level
Japan-Korea Renewable Energy Symposium
Tuesday, August 23 2016
Jeju Peace InstituteTakuo Nakayama, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Economics,
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
0

Position of Renewable Energy inJapan• FUKUSHIMA ACCIDENT (3.11, 2011)• Serious damage• Cabinet decision of “Strategic Energy Plan”(April 11
2014)• Japan will review from scratch the energy strategy• It mapped out before the Great East Japan Earthquake• Japan will minimize its dependency on nuclear power• Needless to say, that is the starting point for rebuilding
Japan’s energy policy1- 41 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

FUKUSHIMA ACCIDENT also
revealed• Frailty of power supply system• Issue of wide area grid operation• Effectiveness of regional decentralized energy
system2

After stopping Nuclear Power
Plants in japan,• Dependence on fossil fuels has increased more
• 90% of power supply are depending fossil fuels
imported from foreign countries (primary energy
base)• This situation is not sustainable
1. Energy Security
2. Global Warming countermeasure
3. Fuel costs burden3- 42 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Introduce of Feed-in Tariff: FIT for
renewables• Started in July 2012
• RE generations (including conventional hydro)
exceeded petroleum-fired power generation in2014• 12.2% of total generation• Conventional Hydro: 9%, Other RE: 3.2%

• GOJ (Government Of Japan) has accelerated theintroduction of renewable energy as far as possible
three years since 2013 followed by continuous
active promotion (”Strategic Energy Plan”, p.21).
4

Increasing Renewable Energy
Capacity in Japan(10MW)PV

Annual rate of growthWind

Biomass
Geothermal
Small Hydro

Annual rate of growth

Annual rate of growth

Except Large Hydro

Source:METI
RPS System- 43 -

Surplus power buyback system

FIT system

5

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Long-term Energy Supply and
Demand Outlook• Issued by METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry) in July 2015
• 2030 Energy Mix Perspective• RE: 22-24% of 2030 total power generation• 13-14% of primary energy supply• Japan proposed 2030 global warming target• FIT law revised under 2030 Energy Mix• Submitted to the Diet on May 25, 2016

6

Points of Revised FIT Law (2016)
1. Revise the authorization system
2. Change the FIT price setting method

3. Change the FIT electricity buyer to grid operator
4. Revise exemption of tariff system for heavy
power consuming industries
7- 44 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

1.Revise the authorization system

8

FIT authorization system up tonow• RE generation operator can get FIT authorization
before grid interconnection request or consultation• By get FIT authorization in initial phase, operator
are more susceptible to loan
• Problem of the FIT authorized project that are notstart operation• Business PV projects (560,000)• Over 310,000 projects are not start operation (as of
Jan.2016)• Risk of increasing the tariff burden for final consumers
9- 45 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Authorization System Under the
Revised FIT Law• Grid interconnection contract is a condition for FIT
authorization• FIT Authorizations for projects that have not started
generation will expire in principleൽ• It will be easy make RE introduction forecast, thenit will be easy to make policy decision for example
FIT price.
• Effective grid utilization will be available forprospective commercialization projects
10

Importance of Grid
Interconnection Contracts• Delay of grid interconnection contract bring delayof FIT authorization• Grid interconnection contract is condition for FIT
authorization• Usually, grid interconnection contract take with in 9months• More than ever, it is important to
1. Grid interconnection contracts are performed withoutdelay
2. It is guaranteed to connect to the grid by the grid
operators
11- 46 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Adding New Standards• With this FIT law revision, new standards are added
1. Appropriate operation and management,
disposal
2. Compliance with the relevant laws
• e.g. River Act or Forest Act• FIT authorization of inappropriate project can be expired

3. Start generation within the appropriate period oftime• FIT authorization of inappropriate project can be expired
12

Measures for not running
projects• Business PV projects that do not start operation for
3 years after FIT authorization
1. Reduce FIT price
2. Reduce FIT period• The Procurement Price Calculation Committee examine
the decision• Housing PV projects that do not start generation for
1 year after FIT authorization• FIT authorization expire

13- 47 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Subject of Authorization System
Change• Not only PV but also all RE sources• It is necessary to focus on the effect of the FIT system
operation• Offence for funding by FIT authorization become behind• Adverse effect for RE sources except for PV that have longlead timeൽIn response to these issue, FIT authorization
application is available before grid interconnection
contract to shorten the time
• It is important to create fine-grained transitional
measures not to suffer undue disadvantage for RE
operator
14

2. Change the FIT Price Setting
Method15- 48 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Long Term Vision and Enhance
Investment to RE Sources• Set the “Target Price” to promote effective
introduce of RE• One of the consideration to set FIT price• Aim to promote related businesses’ efforts to reduce
costs• Enhance the perspective to reveal long-term direction
for cost reduction• Setting FIT authorization project for a few years
away• For RE power sources that are long lead time㻌
(Wind, Small Hydro or Geothermal)• Promoting investment to these power sources
16

Auction System as a method ofdetermination of FIT price• Certain generation facility’s authorization will be
attached by auction• All RE power sources will be the target in thisrevised FIT law• In the discussion at committees or parliament, It is
assumed comparatively large scale PV facilities in
the mean time
• That is because Japanese high PV system andinstallation cost17

- 49 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Toward Cost Effective PV
Introduction• Global PV generation cost has halved for 5 years (from2010 to 2014)• Japanese PV generation cost is still high• Committee set 4 options for cost effective PV
introductionA) Strict use of the current pricing method (Top Runners
Approach)B) Decide a price reduction rate beforehand, then reduce thecostC) Furthermore, it is fluctuated at a price reduction rateaccording to quantity of introduction
D) Auction
18

Optional Choice (Report of theCommittee)• For Housing PV and Wind
• Option B) is appropriate• For Business PV• Should take advantage of the A) and D)• When we use option D) Auction• It is important to consider the introduction of small scale
generation that are core of community based generation
business, self consumption integrated generation of building or
factory• Aiming for the bid from relatively large scale generation
facilities

19- 50 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Auction for Small Scale Operator• Same Pricing over 10kW PV (Business PV
generation) as of now• Larger scale facilities, cheaper generation cost
• Relatively small capital operator, for example
community based generation operator cannot
make a bid• Risk that cannot acquire FIT authorization• German trial auction system for large scale PV in
2015• Go ahead while confirming whether there is not theentry wall of community or private operator
20

3. Change the FIT Electricity
Buyer to Grid Operator

21- 51 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Flow of FIT Electricity• Based on proceeding electricity system reform• FIT electricity buyer is changed from retailer to grid
operator (after the enforcement of the revised FITlaw, in April 2017)• FIT electricity that grid operator buy will be sent it towholesale market• Under full liberalization of electricity retail business• There is a risk that FIT electricity purchase application
concentrated in the specific retail company• Power producer and supplier have merits• They can raise electricity from the market

22

Role of Grid Operator and Electric
Retailer• On the midway of Electricity system reform• Generation and transmission have not unbundled inJapan yet

• It is inevitable to secure the neutrality of grid
operator to ensure the reliability of FIT system• Guarantee purchase FIT electricity• Grid interconnection contract• Electricity Retailers are required to change theirover 44% retail electricity for non-fossil• Demand of FIT electric procurement becomes higher23- 52 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

4. Revise Exemption of Tariff
System for Heavy Power
Consuming Industries

24

Clarification of Target Exemption
Company• Nowadays, heavy power consuming industries are
exempt to pay tariff• Depending on application• Up to 80%• Half of this exempt tariff are levied from consumer andsmall and medium-sized enterprises• The reason was to “reinforce of the international
competitiveness”• at the time of FIT law establishment• Example of exemption company• which does not match the reason• which does not meet an energy saving standards
25- 53 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Conclusion

26

Evaluation of FIT System Reform• Japanese Energy-Mix Plan in 2030

• RE: 22-24% of total power generation• To be one of the basic power supply• It is necessary to install capacity for• PV: more than twice• Wind, Geothermal, Biomasses: about three times• This system change is to cope with the problems that are revealed
FIT operation from July 2012
• Inevitable for sustainable introduction of RE under FIT system2727• FIT: Raise the foreknowledge of the investment collection bybuying electricity with fixed prices• Promote the investment, promote introduction of RE• Too frequent system reform has minus effect for investment forRE• In terms of stability of the system or predictability

27- 54 -

SESSION II – 2
Recent Developments of Korea’s Renewable Energy Policy

Dr. Changhoon LEE (Korea Environment Institute)Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Recent Developments of
Korea’s Renewable Energy Policy'U&KDQJ+RRQ/HH

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The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

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•

Definition of Korea’s ‘New & Renewable Energy’ :RE(IEA) + Waste Energy (mostly industrial waste gas) + Large Hydro + Fuel Cell^

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Source: MOTIE(2015), Statistics of New and Renewable Energy.

^- 58 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Uhqhzdeoh#Hqhuj|#Xvh#
4GPGYCDNG'NGEVTKEKV[6KDUHRI5(6KDUHRI5(H[FO:DVWH(
6KDUHRI5(H[FO:DVWH(+\GUR )XHO&HOO

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Source: MOTIE(2015), Statistics of New and Renewable Energy.
* No data available for electricity generation from waste energy before 2011^Uhqhzdeoh#Hqhuj|#Xvh#
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Source: MOTIE(2015), Statistics of New and Renewable Energy.

^- 59 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Uhqhzdeoh#Hqhuj|#Xvh#/CKP&TKXGTUQH4GEGPV&GXGNQROGPV


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Wood Pellet (imported) : co-combustion in coal-fired plants^

Uhqhzdeoh#Hqhuj|#Xvh#%CRCEKV[VCTIGVQHTGPGYCDNGGNGEVTKEKV[2015
Category

2020

2025

2035
AnnualInstalled

Share(%

Installed

Capacity)

Capacity

Share(%)

Installed
Capacity

Share(%)

Installed
Capacity

Share(%) increase

PV

2,221

24.6

6,184

34.6

11,01043.4

17,504

44.6

10.9

Wind

732

8.1

3,588

20.1

5,884

23.2

12,785

32.6

15.4

Bio

173

1.9

193

1.1

193

0.8

193

0.5

0.5

Hydro

1,759

19.5

1,779

10.0

1,804

7.1

1,854

4.7

0.3

Ocean

260

2.9

835

4.7

835

3.3

1,025

2.6

7.1

Waste

2,788

30.9

2,938

16.4

2,968

11.7

2,968

7.6

0.3

Fuel cell

781

8.7

1,450

8.1

1,788

7.0

2,034

5.2

4.9

Coal IGCC

300

3.3

900

5.0

900

3.5

900

2.3

5.6

Total

9,013

17,86725,381

39,261

Source: MOTIE(2014), The 4th New and Renewable Energy Plan^

- 60 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Srolf|#Iudphzrun#0#USV#
4256CTIGV•

Mandatory for power producers with installed capacity over 500MW(18 firms in 2016)

RPS Target (%)
year

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

target, 2012

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

target, 2015

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

PV Target

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9.0

10.0

(No extra PV target from 2016)
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Srolf|#Iudphzrun#0#USV#
4'%9GKIJVREC Weight
REC Weight'PGTI[UQWTEGUTypes

1.2
1.0

~100kW
On general land

0.7
PV

1.5
1.0

Non PV

100kW~3,000kW
3,000kW~On existing buildings

1.5

Floating facilities on the water

1.0

Plants for own use

0.25

IGCC, Waste Gas~3,000kW
3,000kW~

0.5

Waste, LFG

1.0

Hydro, onshore wind, bio-energy, RDF, Waste gasification, tidal (with existingembankment)

1.5

Wood biomass, offshore wind (grid connection less than 5 km), water heat

2.0

Fuel cell, Current

2.0
1.0~2.5

Variable weight

ESS (connected to wind power)

2016

5.5
5.0

Fixed weightoffshore wind (grid connection longer than 5 km),geothermal, tidal (with existing embankment)

2015

4.5

2017
^

- 61 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Srolf|#Iudphzrun#0#USV#
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Penalty for Non-fulfillment : less than150% of the market price, considering thereasons etc.

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REC market is unified since Jan.2016.

^- 62 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Srolf|#Iudphzrun#0#USV#
4'%%QPVTCEV/CTMGVHQT282TKEGCPF8QNWOG

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Mandatory for 6 big power producers (with capacity over 5GW) to buy RECs ina bidding system in a 12-year constant price contract : 300MW per year
Prefer the small scale PVs : at least 150MW for the capacity less than 100kW

•

^

Srolf|#Iudphzrun#0#USV#
284GXGPWG 4'%RTKEG 5/2 

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6PDOOVFDOH39 5(&:HLJKWSMP(System marginal price) : wholesale electricity price^- 63 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Srolf|#Iudphzrun#0#USV#.%1'QH28
<Table> LCOE of Small scale PV
Category

Unit

2013

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

Investment Costs

1,000KRW/kW

2,500 2,365 2,060 1,794 1,562 1,360 Technical lifetimeYears

20

20

25

25

25

25

Fixed O&M

1,000KRW/kW

49 

46 

39 

32 

24 

18 

Load Factor

%

15.5

15.5

15.5

15.5

15.5

15.5

LCOE

KRW/kWh

197 

186 

148 

127 

108 

91 

<Table> LCOE of Large Scale PV
Category

Unit

2013

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

Investment Costs

1,000KRW/kW

2,100 G

1,981 G

1,713 G

1,481 G

1,280 G

1,107 G

Technical lifetimeYears

20G

20G

25G

25G

25G

25G

Fixed O&M

1,000KRW/kW

49 G

46 G

39 G

32 G

24 G

18 G

Load Factor

%

15.5G

15.5G

15.5G

15.5G

15.5G

15.5G

LCOE

KRW/kWh

171 G

161 G

128 G

109 G

91 G

77 G
^

Fkdoohqjhv##KT2QNNWVKQP'PXKTQPOGPVCN2GTHQTOCPEG+PFGZ

^- 64 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Fkdoohqjhv##KT2QNNWVKQP1'%&$GVVGT.KHG+PFGZ

^

Fkdoohqjhv##KT2QNNWVKQP*GCNVJ4KUM
Premature deaths from exposure to particulate matter and ozone(Number of deaths caused by outdoor air pollution per year per million people)

Source: OECD(2016), The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution^- 65 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Fkdoohqjhv##KT2QNNWVKQP6TGPFTGXGTUGF

Source: S.Kim et. al. (2016)•

New Measures (2016.6)→ From diesel to electric or hybrid cars
→ Shut down of old coal-fired power plants^

Fkdoohqjhv#%NKOCVG%JCPIG+0&%
Korea’s INDC••

37% Reduction from the BAU level : 850.6 → 535.9 (MtCO2eq)
11.7% of 37% by using international market mechanism

Source: NRDC(2015), Paris Climate Conference South Korea^- 66 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Fkdoohqjhv#%NKOCVG%JCPIG+0&%
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in BAU (MtCO2eq)
2013

2030

606.2

738.9

Energy total
Energy Industries

274.7

333.1

Manufacturing & Construction

182.1

239.1

Transport

88.3

104.1

Other Sectors

56.6

54.1

4.6

8.4

Industrial Process

Fugitive emissions

52.6

75.6

Agriculture

20.7

15.5

Waste

15.0

20.7

Total CO2 Equivalent Emissions

694.5

850.6

Source: 2013 data from National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Korea 2015,
2030 data (estimated) from Y. Cho(2016)•

Limited reduction target for industry: 12 % reduction from the BAU level→ More pressure for the energy sector→ From Coal to Nuke, LNG, Renewable Energy?
^Shuvshfwlyhv#*QYOWEJQH4GPGYCDNG'PGTI[!
•Higher RPS target for 2018~2020 as a response to PM issues
mainly to compensate for earlier shut-down of 10 old coal-fired plants (3GW)
year2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

target, 2012

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

target, 2015

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

target, 2016

9.0

10.0

* 2016 target from : MOTIE(2016.7), Measures for New Energy Industry and Improved Regulation.

•

Is it not too low to set 2035 RE target as much as 11% (13.4% of electricity supply)?

Share of Renewable Electricity 2014 (OECD Renewables balance)







- 67 -,VUDHO.RUHD+XQJDU\&]HFK5HSXEOLF(VWRQLD

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The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Shuvshfwlyhv#*QY+UVJG425GPQWIJ!
•A very weak diffusion of the small-scale facilities- The market mechanism of RPS is too complicated to a private household+PUVCNNGF%CRCEKV[QH28KP M9 






••





aN:

aN:

aN:

aN:aN: aN: N:a

A Re-Introduction of FIT for small scale facilities is in discussion.
But in avoiding windfall profit caused by an artificial tariff setting in traditional FIT- Setting the tariff similar to market price of REC & SMP of the last year or the last quarters- Volume-dependent tariff setting analog to German FIT(2014)^

Shuvshfwlyhv#
9JQRC[UHQTOQTG%QUVUQH4'!
•A main reason of switch of FIT to RPS in 2012 : an unclear financing mechanism→ no automatic transfer mechanism of more production costs of renewable energy
to consumer price of electricity (contrary to German and Japanese cases)→ More costs of RE was paid by the ‘Electricity Industry Fund’ which isfinanced and limited by a surcharge(3.7%) of electricity tariff→ A big concern of the government about the case in that the subsidy for RE is not fully
covered by the fund•Electricity consumer price is a regulated price in Korea→ RPS implementation costs of electricity producers are paid by KEPCO, the soleelectricity retailer, but the consumer price is not automatically adapted so much,
but regulated by Ministry of Strategy & Finance→ Electricity price stability is a very high priority of the government,
not only for private consumers, but also to back up the competitivenessof Korean manufacturing industries•

Regardless of RPS or FIT, an automatic pricing and transfer mechanism of more costsof renewable energy is indispensable→ to ensure a more expansion of renewable energy financially→ to have a demand management effect additionally^- 68 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

5IBOLZPV
DIMFF!LFJSFLS- 69 -SESSION III – 1
One Less Nuclear Power Plant
Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan

Director Heejung CHUNG (Seoul Metropolitan Government)Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

SEOULONE LESS NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSEOUL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN

To proactively respond to energy crisis and climate change,
Produce and save energy
equivalent to the output of one nuclear power plant.

April 2012.

August 2014.

Phase 1.

Phase 2.

One Less Nuclear Power Plant

Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan

In the first half of 2014, 2 million TOE of energy was saved!
26'PGTI[)GPGTCVKQP| Unit : 10,000 TOE |Renewable generation

Waste heat recovery

18| Unit : 10,000 TOE |





Transportation

LED
BRP

6

Power generation from PV
Hydro fuel cells



87

'PGTI['HHKEKGPE[74'PGTI[5CXKPI







Public Sector- GHG Target
vvManagement System

54

Civic Participation- Eco-mileage Program- Limit on cooling& heating temperatures

35- 73 -



Waste

| Unit : 10,000 TOE |Institutional change- Energy Consumption Quota



91
83
78









The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Seoul, Global Earth Hour Capital City 2015
Seoul earned a reputation as a global green city and global recognition<One Less Nuclear Power Plant> <One Less Nuclear Power Plant>< Eco-mileage Program >< PV policies>

WWF

WGBC

UN

C40-SIEMENSNational Earth Hour Capital

Climate Action
Leadership Award

Winner of ‘Fostering participation
In public policy’ Category

Winner of‘Green energy’ Category“Energy-saving rooted
in daily lives”

Benchmarked by provincial governments,
as a local energy policy model

Global cooperation
for climate action< Covered by a Taiwanese media >< Gyeonggi Province Energy Vision 2030 >< 2015 ICLEI World Congress>(January 21 2015)(April 11 2015)(June 25 2015)5'17.
ONE LESS NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSEOUL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN

GenerationූEfficiency
ූSaving4m-TOE cut

Electricity
Self-reliance Rate
20%

GHG Emissions

10m-ton cut

1,000M

By 2020
Transition to ‘Energy Independent City’- Promote energy-independence, sharing and participation - Purse High energy-efficient Society - 74 -Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Power Self-reliance Rate

ProductionීEfficiencyීSaving

4.7%

103%
| Unit : TOE |GHG emissions cut

101%| Unit : 1,000 ton COဌ/eq |930,000

900,000
Efficiency
ීSaving2,000k

2,017kEfficiency
ීSaving67%

Progress

1,700k( As of late 2014 )

4.7%

850,000

7.0%
Target- Power generation : 852GWh- Energy demand cut : 1,866GWh

866,000
Production

Production

50,00064,000೼Target೽೼Progress೽

With support from 100 cities

129k

300k
೼Target೽೼Progress೽

Seoul Action Plan

Seoul Declaration

1,888kPromise of Seoul

35 cities newly joined Compact of Mayors

1.17 million citizens joined

A total of 3,049 delegation members from 316 cities in 91 countries participatedA bridge toward a new climate regime(POST-2020)
Built momentum toward the UNFCCC Climate Conference (COP21)

- 75 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

SEOUL
ONE LESS NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSEOUL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN

Key Progresses

5

QNCT%KV[
GQWN



- 76 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Solar City, Seoul Project

Solar Power Capacity of 101.2MW (’03.1 ~ ‘15.9)
PublicBuildings

41.4

PrivateBuildings

Schools

12.1

32.1

Micro PV

15.6

101.2MW୔ PV Power generation capacity in Seoul

Enough to power 34,000 households- Power generated for 3.5 hours per day- Households with a monthly average
power consumption of 312kWh            Expansion of PV installations
1,325 places / 1,007kW (‘15.1 ~9)
Expand PV installation subsidies(households → all buildings including public buildings)
Build PV landmarks to raise public awareness<PV on bus stations>< PV on soundproof walls ><Hybrid Security Lights>

PR : PV panels on display, pilot PV installation etc.
< Official Solar Map Website >< Lotte Hi-mart Outlet >< Street Vendors >- 77 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Civic Fund (August 2015)
KB Seoul Solar Power Plant Investment Trust- Maturity : 3 years(Minimum USD 879, Maximum USD 8,791)- Total : USD 7.25 million- Holders : 1,044 persons

୔ Average investment per person : USD 6,938- Invest in installation of 4.24 MW PV power plants,
and the profits will be shared by the holders

(WGN%GNN2QYGT2NCPVU+FGPVKH[WPWUGFGPGTI[UQWTEGU

- 78 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Nowon Resource
Recovery Facility(’15.11~)

Noeul Fuel Cell
Power Plant (’15.10)
Capacity : 20MW
Electricity : 163GWh/year

Recover heat from waste
incineration to get heat sources
MOU signed for waste recovery

Heat : 91,900Gcal/year

Seonam Water Recycling Center
Sewage Heat
Recovery Facility

Fuel Cell Power Plants(‘15.10~)(‘15.10)

Capacity : 30MW

Capacity : 32Gcal/hRaise civic fundto engage citizens inenergy generation

5/#46)4+&- 79 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Urban Smart Grid ProjectIntroduced at two energy independent villages (Sept. 2015)- Shipjasung Villiage : 310 smart meters, PV power capacity of 18kW
- Dongjak Hyundai Apartment : 400 smart meters, PV power capacity of 5kW

University of Seoul
created a remote air conditioner control system[System Diagram]
1RGTCVKQP5GXGT2%

Seoul Urban Smart Grid Project

ON/OFF Control

Selective installations ofsystems required forSeoul’s pilot urban smart grid project(WKHUQHW''&=LJEHH&RQFHQWUDWRU

Temperature lockGroup Control

ූTOC (Total Operation Center)

SchedulingූAMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)
ූESS (Energy Storage System)

Temperature Control

UHSHDWHU

=LJEHH

Priority Control&RQWUROOHUූEV(Electric vehicle) Charging System
ූEMS (Energy Management System)
ූPV, Fuel cell and other renewables

Air Conditioner

Air Conditioner



筸ࢽ
肵ࢽ
趀ࢽ
羼ࢽ
财ࢽ



- 80 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Lighthouse Project
Construction of smallීmedium energy efficient model houses for PR
Model houses that include passive elements, energy production and monitoring systems
Four energy efficient model houses to be built including daycare centers and senior citizen community centers
Develop a manual for the model houses, and share and promote the results
Insulation
Materials

Three-pane
windows

Air tight
construction

heat recovery
ventilator

Monitoring
SystemPVBuilding Energy Management System(BEMS)
Introduced at Seoul Seo-buk Hospital on a pilot basis
Reinforced environmental impact assessment requires BEMS on new large buildings

Eco-friendly boilers

Insulation Windows

Energy-efficient LED

Automatically controlled

BEMS



- 81 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens



LED Replacementin Public Buildings
Establishment of a Special Purpose Company
for LED replacement,
LED replacement in Public buildings
with private fund(‘15.3 ~ 12)
units

93,000

LED replacements at subway stations
By Seoul Metro,
Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corp(‘15.10)210,000

units

PV-run LED traffic signs
at Children Protection Zones(‘15.8~11)

1,970,000

USD- 82 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea



Improve Eco-mileage Program
1,706,000 members / 339,282 TOE saving (’14.7 ~ ‘15.9)
Focus resources on actual energy savers
Link GHG reduction and energy welfare improvement
೼Expanded standards for provision of incentives೽୔ Incentive beneficiaries 70,000 people(Current) → 120,000 people (Expected)^%JCPIGF5VCPFCTFU^(QHUJ\VDYLQJV,QFHQWLYHV

2YHUOHVVWKDQ

PLOHDJHV

2YHUOHVVWKDQ

PLOHDJHV

2YHU 6DPHDVEHIRUH PLOHDJHV- 83 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

8KTVWCN2QYGT2NCPV
6TCFG5CXGF'NGEVTKEKV[

Incentivize electricity saving by buildings during electricity peak
Reduced electricity bills and incentives (3~4 times)
Direct benefits : Profit making by selling saved electricity + Indirect benefits : Reduced power costs<Seoul><Intermediary>
Sell saved power
Support forregistration<Power Exchange>
Bid saved power

Contract
For
Power saving
Profit allocation

Payment provision

Registration and Operation of First ever local “virtual power plant
17 public buildings, a total 5MW registry → 34,000,000 won in profits(‘15.6 ~9)Progress made by Public Sector spread toward the Private Sector
Identify new businesses on top of current businesses with a total capacity of 5MW and increase the capacity to 10MW
Turn household buildings like apartments and green campuses into high energy consuming buildings- 84 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea99 ++ 55 ''
5GQWN'PGTI[9GNHCTG%KXKE(WPF
HOIDUHV

QHUJ\KDULQJ

Civic-led Sustainable Fund

Fund Raising Target by Year

Citizens take the rein in mobilization,
management and administration of the fund



USD
2.65 million




Civic
Participation

Managedby Citizens

Sustainable



Fund



USD
1.5 million

Fund Raising
ֻ̛̖̖



USD
176,835

USD
530,503

USD
972,591(Fund Raising
Raise funds in ways that spend
profits from energy generation,
efficiency and saving in improving
energy welfare for the poor

Fund Management‘Secretariat’+‘Decision-making Body’+‘Volunteer Group’





Allocation • Administration

Promote energy saving by thepoor by offering micro-PV panels,
LED bulbs, and BRP services
instead of monetary support- 85 -

a 

Fund Expansion
Provisions for the energy-poor will
be done under the current system,
Fund allocation will be expanded toinclude those who have been
neglected under the present system.
,
The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

USD 193,000 / 16,254 persons
Amount of fund raised and number of citizens invest in the fund
(June ~ September 2015)

Launch of ‘Citizen Board for Seoul Energy Welfare Civic FundAnd Youth Volunteer GroupManagement Committee consists of 20 experts in energy welfare, law and accounting
Youth Volunteer Group composed of 45 college students promotes the fund
< Onbichumi Street Campaign (7.18) >< Launch of Citizen Board (7.15) >< Fundraising March at Mt. Namsan(9.12) >Energy Independent Villages,
living examples of Seoul’s Energy Policies‘Increase the number of Energy Supermarkets’ to 13
Run ‘renewable energy tour programs’
Cut an average energy consumption by the energy independent villages by 8.5%
Disseminate Energy Independent Village Design Manual

EnergyIndependent
Villages
21 New villages in 2015

35

Bang-a Gol
Dodeuul Byul Village

Raemian Aruemsoop

Sangol Village

Gingorang Village

Shipjasung Village

Hansol Solpark

Ssangyong Platinum Noble
Seongdaegol Village
Saejaemi Village- 86 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

2TQOKUGQH5GQWN
6CMKPICEVKQPUCICKPUVENKOCVGEJCPIG5WUVCKPCDNGENKOCVG'PXKTQPOGPVCNEKV[

Sustainable Climate & Environmental City
GHGs emission by 20 million tons by 2030
1.17 million people sign in One person One ton less COဌ(‘15.9)

Ecology
An Eco-city with a rich and harmonious
biodiversity

Urban Agriculture
Urban farming practiced in daily life

HealthA healthy city with strong preventative
and adaptive capacity to health risks

EnergyA low-carbon, high energyefficiency city

Air Quality
A city with clean and safe air

Promise of Seoul
Taking action against
climate change

Show your love for the planet,show your support for Seoul

SafetyA safe city with strong capacity torespond to climate disasters

Urban Planning
A Climate Resilient City

Transportation
A Low-carbon and green transportcity

Resource Circulation
A recycling city where resources
circulate

Water
A resource-circulating city that minimizes
water waste and recover rainwater- 87 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

SEOUL
ONE LESS NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSEOUL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN

People are our energy- 88 -

SESSION III – 2
Renewable Energies in Rokkasho

CEO Yoshihito IWAMA (Shinmutsu-ogawara)Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

㻾㼑㼚㼑㼣㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼕㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㻾㼛㼗㼗㼍㼟㼔㼛August , 2016
Yoshihito IWAMA
Shinmutsu Ogawara Inc.
1

Rokkasho Village in Aomori Prefecture
AOMORI Prefecture

AomoriCity

Population:10,598, Household: 4,702

North to South:33km, East to West:14km- 91 -

2

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Local Food in Rokkasho Village

3

Rokkasho Village fosters continued cultural exchanges, sports
exchanges and a homestay program with Yangyang, South Korea.

The Rokkasho International Education and Training Center offers
several events and activities, including French, German, Korean
and other language classes, and cooking classes.
㡑ᅜḷே䞉ᏞᡞዺẶḷ☃

Kayoung's Lecture at the high school- 92 -

4

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

5Wind Farms in Rokkasho Village
The Rokkasho Village is windy throughout the year. Harnessing its characteristic, a lot ofwindmills are introduced(92 windmills, 145,350kW, 23 storage batteries).
Mutsu-Ogawara Wind Farm (2003~ ):Cosmo Oil etc.
䞉To operate 21 windmills with total generated electricity of 31,500kW
䞉Equivalent to the amount of electricity that is consumed by 16,600 Japanese standard households
in one year.

Rokkasho-Mura Wind Power (2003~ ):Japan Wind Development
䞉To operate 22 windmills with total generated electricity of 32,850kW
䞉5 large capacity storage batteries (2M NaS (sodium sulfur) batteries) with 12,000kW
䞉Equivalent to the amount of electricity that is consumed by 17,300 Japanese standard households
in one year.
Futamata Wind Development (2009~ ):Japan Wind 'HYHORSPHQW,GHPLWVX .RVDQ
䞉To operate 34 large windmills, with total generated electricity of 51,000kW
䞉17 large capacity storage batteries (2M NaS(sodium sulfur) batteries) with 34,000kW
䞉To transmit a fixed amount of power, few energy losses and excel in durability
Mutsusakae Wind Farm (2014~ ): Aomori Wind Development etc.
䞉To operate 5 large domestically-made turbines with total generated electricity of 10,000kW
䞉Equivalent to the amount of electricity that is consumed by about 5,000 households, or the total
number of houses in Rokkasho Village
Fukkoshi-Daichi Wind Power (2015~ ): Japan Wind Development, Maeda Corporation
䞉To operate 10 windmills with total generated electricity of 20,000kW
䞉6 large capacity storage batteries (2M NaS (sodium sulfur) batteries) with 12,000kW- 93 -

6

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Introduction of Windmills in Japan (as of 2015.3)
Prefecture

Total wind power
output (kW)The number ofwindmill

7RWDO ⏷⦌᧥

2䠈936䠈306

2䠈034

᧭᧪$RPRUL᧤槡㭽䦛᧥363䠈763229

᧮᧪+RNNDLGR ▦䀆拢᧥

319䠈361289

᧯᧪.DJRVKLPD 焎⏟⾅䦛᧥

255䠈415155

᧰᧪$NLWD 䱚䞿䦛᧥208䠈599

143

᧱᧪6KL]XRND 槨⼰䦛᧥

158䠈330

92

6WDELOL]DWLRQዘVXPPHUIURPHDVWዘZLQWHUIURPZHVW䞉Wind Condition Curb

ዘ6WDELOL]HGZLQG
ዘ6WURQJZLQG

ዘ:LGHJUDVVODQG

SDVWXUH

ዘ/RZ1DWXUDO'LVDVWHU5LVN HDUWKTXDNHVOLJKWHQLQJKXUULFDQHV
ዘ([LVWHQFHRIKLJKYROWDJHWUDQVPLVVLRQOLQHVRI7RKRNX(OHFWULF3RZHU&RPSDQ\DQGVRRQ

䠆Source: NEDO

䞉Wind Rose

Rokkasho Village accounts for approximate 40% of
windmills in Aomori prefecture.

ዘ8QGHUVWDQGLQJE\ORFDOUHVLGHQW䞉Low Natural Disaster Risk

:LQG\
3UREDELOLW\RIRYHUPVZLQG
DERXW

䠆Source: Rokkasho Village Office䠆Source: Aoimori Cloud Base Corporation

7

Planned Wind Farms
Max 500MW of wind farms (far more than 100 new windmills) have been planned/prepared in this area.

(Examples)
Kuroshio Wind Farm:Hitachi Power Solution, Yokohama-Town
䞉To operate 14 windmills (in ,Yokohama-Town, Noheji-Town) with storage batteries (in Rokkasho Village)䞉To generate electricity of 32,200kW
䞉Equivalent to the amount of electricity consumed by 15,000 Japanese standard households in one year
䞉The construction started in April of 2016.
Hitachi Zosen Wind Farm
䞉To operate 18 windmills with storage batteries
䞉To generate electricity of 61,200kW
䞉The construction is scheduled to start in 2017Fy.
Rokkasho Offshore Wind Power Generation120&2 &25RNNDVKR(QJLQLHULQJHWF
䞉Planned to operate 32 windmills
䞉To generate electricity of 80,000kW
䞉The construction is scheduled to start in 2016Fy.
8- 94 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Solar Parks in Rokkasho Village
7KH(QH2QH6RODU3DUN ᨺ᧥6DLVDQ6KLQZD(QHUJ\In order to generate electricity efficiently by solar power, it
is important to have sufficient hours of sunshine during
the day as well as not to operate at excessively hightemperatures.

ዘVRODUSDQHOVSODFHGDWWKHVLWHDUHDRIᓙᓙ
ዘ$QQXDOHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQLVN:K(TLYDOHQWWRWKH
DPRXQWRIDQQXDOSRZHUFRQVXPSWLRQE\RUGLQDU\KRPHVዘ,QZLQWHUWLPHWKHKHLJKWRIIUDPHDQGDQJOHRIVRODUSDQHOVDUH
DGMXVWHGWRILWVQRZ\FRQGLWLRQVPIRUPLQLPXPJURXQG
FOHDUDQFHDQGrDQJOHRIVRODUSDQHOVэRokkasho Village
䞉Not long duration of sunshine(1,600h~1,700h/year):same as that of German cities
䞉Cool summer .
䞉One land owner䠄Shinmutsu Ogawara Inc.)(XUXV5RNNDVKR6RODU3DUN a (XUXV(QHUJ\ዘ7RWDO$&RXWSXWFDSDFLW\0:ዘ7KHDPRXQWRIWKHSRZHUFRQVXPSWLRQE\DERXWJHQHUDOKRXVHKROGVዘ7KH&2UHGXFWLRQ᧶DERXWWRQVD\HDUዘSDQHOVዘKDWUDFW HTXLYDOHQWWRDERXW7RN\R'RPHVWKHODUJHVWGRPHVWLFVRODUSRZHUSODQWFXUUHQWO\RSHUDWHGLQ-DSDQ

9Rokushu solar energy power generation system 䠄Rokushu Jyouzou Koubou 䠅䞉Aomori Prefecture is the number one producer of Chinese yams(Nagaimo) in Japan. Great effort was put into research on
how to produce delicious shochu (Japanese alcoholic beverage) from Rokkasho’s Chinese yams.
䞉Rokushu Jyouzou Koubou manufactures `Rokushu` premium shochu from the Chinese yams that are a specialty ofRokkasho Village. Rokkasho Jyouzo Koubou too has had a solar energy power generation system installed on its premises
and commenced operating it in April 2012.

䞉Each of the two units has a rate capacity of 10 kW, making
for a total of 20 kW.
10- 95 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Kamikita Rokkasho Solar Electric Power Plant (will be completed in February of 2017)㸸Sojitz Corporation
䞉Iyasaka-daira site in Rokkasho Village
䞉Total AC output capacity:51MW(The total amount of electric power is equal to the amount of the power
consumption by about 19,000 general households. )䞉Constructed with approximately 270,000 panels made by LS Industrial Systems, Co., Ltd. of Korea
䞉143ha tract equivalent to about 29 Tokyo Domes

Solar Power for Resident
Rokkasho Village Office’s subsidy (From 2012Fy) : total 31 of houses (174.43kW)(48䠈000JY/1kw)

11

Aoimori Cloud Base䠄㟷䛔᳃䠅
䞉Datacenter opened in January of 2016
䞉The largest datacenter in the Tohoku district of Japan
䞉Latest high-performance IT equipment requires higher
cooling capability.
эThe world’s first datacenter that combines free air
cooling and snow cooling•Use no (compressor-based) air conditioning•Achieve world-class power efficiency

12- 96 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Floritech Japan
Floritech Japan, which is built on Toyota Motor Company owned land, annually produces about 4 million flower pots in thelargest flower greenhouse in Asia. It features the ‘tri-generation system’, which effectively uses CO2 that is ordinary emitted tothe atmosphere as well as a cogeneration system from which electricity and heat are produced.
䞉The generated electricity is used to light the greenhouse.
䞉The waste heat produced in power generation is used for heating.
䞉CO2 accelerates photosynthesis in flowers.
䞉The amount of CO2 discharge is annually reduced by about 900t by introducing natural gas and tri-generation.

13

The training center regarding wind power plants,QRUGHUWRLPSURYHVHUYLFHH[SHUWLVHWRKDQGOHDOOW\SHVRIZLQGWXUELQHV(26(QJLQHHULQJ 6HUYLFH&R/WG VXEVLGLDU\RI-:' HVWDEOLVKHGWUDLQLQJFHQWHUDQGLQWHQVLYHO\WUDLQVWDIIVDWWKHWUDLQLQJFHQWHU
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WKHDUHDRIUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\LQGXVWULHVDQGRWKHULQGXVWULHVKWWSZZZDRPRULRUMSZLQGSRZHULQVWLWXWLRQKWPO

14- 97 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Rokkasho Village smart grid demonstration experiment 㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻚㻥䡚㻞㻜㻝㻞㻚㻣㻕¾ the efficient use of energy in Rokkasho Village, Aomori
according to the electric power situation of the region(power and transmission, demand and supply balance,
telecommunications infrastructure, climate etc.)¾ Main Participants : JWD, Toyota Motor, Panasonic, Hitachi+ residents(6 JWD䇻s employees䇻 houses)
zWind farm : JWD
zSolar panels (100 kW): Hitachi
zPrivate line (approximately 8 km, 6.6 kV power cables& optical fiber): JWD( independent from the electric power grid )zSmart meter system: Hitachi
zStorage batteries (NAS batteries 100-kW class): JWD
zPlug-in hybrid vehicle: Toyota
zCharging stand: Toyota
zHEMS: JWD, Toyota and Panasonic.
zControl Center: JWD, Hitachi

A blackout occurred in the Tohoku
area including Rokkasho Village
after the Great East Japan
Earthquake in March, 2011, but
the electric power kept being
supplied in the JWD’s office andthe smart grid demonstration
houses.

⇓䞉supply hot water and so on,䞉make many onigiri (rice balls) for
village people⇓

䞉JWD䇻s employees keep living

15

Eco Education
Obuchi Elementary School / Minami Elementary School
Solar panels on the school building

Small windmills in the play ground

Education by experts

16- 98 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Other Energies
࣭Hydrogen Energy䕿Aomori Prefectural Office and Rokkasho Village Office have been considering introducing hydrogenenergy system using renewable energy which would supply electricity and heat with the function ofstorage of electricity including emergency response.
䕿Main issues to be addressed are cost reduction and increase of efficiency of energy system as well as
increase of people’s awareness.

࣭Utilization of geothermal energy
䕿 Underground heat pipe snow-melting system
䕿 To melt snow on the pavement in the new town

17

-DSDQHVH*RYHUQPHQW
ᇷ 2EVWDFOHVWREHRYHUFRPHIRUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWᇸFIT Price(䢜/kwh)
᧦6RXUFH᧶0(7, -XQH

Wind

Solar

Germany

9.7

8.9France9.2

10.6

Britain

12.2

16.5

China

7.8-9.7

14.3-15.8

Japan

18.3

22.5

᧦6RXUFH᧶0(7, $SULO

18- 99 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Vision & Smooth Implementation of Regulation by Local Governments
Rokkasho Village: “Village of Energy”
Aomori Prefecture : Strategy on Promotion of Energy Industries 䠄March of 2016)

Local Resources & Profitability (locally produced and consumed)
Attachment by Local People/Government

Local People/Government as users/showcases 1920- 100 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea(2h20m)21

Many Thanks
for your attention!

22- 101 -SESSION IV – 1
The Role of Citizens in the Generalized Useof Renewable Energy

President Jiwon HA (EcoMom Korea)

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

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The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens- 106 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea*Korea:LowestEnergy Price in OECD

- 107 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens- 108 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea- 109 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens- 110 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea- 111 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens- 112 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea"- 113 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens- 114 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea- 115 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens- 116 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea- 117 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens- 118 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea- 119 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

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- 120 -

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Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea- 121 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens- 122 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea- 123 -SESSION IV – 2
Citizens’ and Regional Initiatives towards
100% Renewable Energy in Japan

Specialist Yosuke TOYOTA (Kiko Network)Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

&LWL]HQVbDQG5HJLRQDO,QLWLDWLYHVWRZDUGVUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\LQ
-DSDQ
Yosuke Toyota䠄Kiko Network䠅
toyota@kikonet.org

7UDQVLWLRQRI5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\
3ROLFHVLQ-DSDQ⋇6XEVLGLHVWRQHZHQHUJ\VRXUFHV• 䇾Act on the Promotion of New Energy Usage 䇿in 1997
– Subsidies for introducing renewable energy.

⋈5HQHZDEOH3RUWIROLR6WDQGDUG f • 䇾Act on Special Measures Concerning New Energy Use by operators ofelectric utilities 䇿 in 2003
- Obligation for electric utilities to supply a certain amount of renewableenergy electricity⋉)HHGLQ7DULII f 
• The Excess Electricity Purchasing Scheme for photovoltaic power started in
November 2009 to promote the use of photovoltaic power.
• Act on Special Measures Concerning Procurement of Electricity from
Renewable Energy Sources by Electric Utilities in August㻌 2011.

• For solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, obligated electric utilities the
procurement of renewable energy electricity at the procurement priceand period established by the government- 127 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

2XWFRPHRIWKHIHHGLQWDULIILQ-DSDQ• 5DSLGLQWURGXFWLRQRI39VLQFH
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3RZHU&R

• 5HGXFWLRQRI&2DQGIXHOFRVWVIURPIRVVLOIXHO– UHGXFWLRQRIPLOOLRQ&2WDQGIRVVLOIXHOFRVW
WULOOLRQ\HQ

&KDQJHVLQ5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\&DSDFLW\
LQ-DSDQ
Year on Year 32%

Annual Average
Growth Rate of 5 %Annual Average
Growth Rate of 9 %
䕔PV
䕔Wind
䕔Hydro䕔Geothermal
䕔Biomassฟ඾䠖⥲ྜ㈨※䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ㄪᰝ఍ ┬䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䞉᪂䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ศ⛉఍ ᪂䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᑠጤဨ఍
2014ᖺ6᭶17᪥㻌 ㈨ᩱ䜘䜚- 128 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

39LQVWDOODWLRQUDWHVRIFRUH
DJHQWV
Installation by local
businesses is22%

䕔Local business䕔Prefecture of Companies
䕔Metropolitan Area of Companies
䕔Othersল๕‫؟‬஗਷੄َ০৏भ஗৛ී੨पउऐॊગে૭ચग़ॿঝॠ‫ش‬଑োभँॉ্पঢ়घॊਫ਼ୈভਾઔછُ

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OHDGWRUHJLRQDOGHYHORSPHQW

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The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens&DVHRI6KLPRNDZDFKRLQ+RNNDLGR• Current population 3,500. Duringpeak, over 15,500 population.
• Minus 20 degrees in winter– 90% of the land is covered in forest.
– Shimokawa Town is focusing onsustainable forest management(FSC, Woody Biomass utilization).
– More than 60% of heating in public
facilities use wood fuel– Fuel equivalent of 16 million yen
was used for supporting child care

(PSOR\PHQWFUHDWLRQWKURXJKHQHUJ\VHOIVXIILFLHQF\Forest management

Local circulation

Wood chip supply

Heat supply
Local circulation
Covers 60% heat utilization of public facilities
Wood Boiler
District heat
supply- 130 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea&DVHRI1LVKLDZDNXUDYLOODJHLQ
2ND\DPDSUHIHFWXUH
• &XUUHQWSRSXODWLRQ• RIWKHODQGLVFRYHUHGLQ
IRUHVW• ,QZKLFKPRUHWKDQDUH
WKHDUWLILFLDOIRUHVWVRIFHGDUDQGF\SUHVV• $FWLYLWLHVIRU(QHUJ\VHOIVXIILFLHQF\290kW Hydropower– 5HSODFLQJWKHVPDOOK\GURSRZHU
SODQW N: – +HDWVXSSO\E\XWLOL]LQJZRRG)LUHZRRGERLOHU
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Raw material of firewood boiler&DVHRI2EDPD2QVHQ(QHUJ\LQ
1DJDVDNL
••with the 30 hot springs throughout the town
producing over 15,000 tons of water per day
that can reach temperatures as high as 105୅.
100 million tourists visit during peak time but
has decreased to 400,000 people.

•

Years 2002䡚2005: as a result of the opposition
from members of hot spring district, plans to
install hot spring power generation by the town
was cancelled•

Discussion among counterparts resumed thanks
to the assistance of Nagasaki University•

Launched the Obama Onsen Energy in 2011 by
Nagasaki University and members of Obama hot
spring districts•

Obama geothermal power plant was completed
in 2013.
- 131 -

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Takarazuka, Odawara, Kyoto-prefecture- 132 -

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15

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Investor䞉
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(QHUJ\3RZHU3ODQWV• &DSDFLW\H[SDQVLRQRI39V\VWHPV– Increased to over several hundred kW and MW
plants.
– Also greatly reduced kW unit cost by expanding• 7DNHDGYDQWDJHRIWKHEDQNORDQ– In recent years there has been an increase forcompanies to get a loan from the bank.
– Regional banks and credit unions, such as by policy
Finance Corporation, ABL (Asset-Based Lending) is
expanding.
18- 135 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

7UHQGVRI&RRZQHG5HQHZDEOH
(QHUJ\3RZHU3ODQWV
• (VWDEOLVKSDUWQHUVKLSZLWKORFDOJRYHUQPHQWV– Japanese Municipalities are Passing Basic Ordinances toPromote Community-Led Renewable Energy Development– For example, in Kyoto-city, Izumiotsu and Takarazuka has
supported policies of community power projects.

• $GYDQFHFRRUGLQDWLRQZLWKFRRS– Renewable energy business by co-op is expanding but
there has also been business collaborations between NPO
and co-op– In the Kansai region, there has been several CREPP
established borrowing the roof of co-op– In recent years, the energy business of co-op towards theliberalization of the electric power is accelerating.
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20- 136 -

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- 138 -

Keynote address
Renewable Energy and Regeneration of Regional
Communities Comparison of Citizens’ Consciousness
in Japan and Korea

Professor Nobuo SHIRAI (Hosei University)Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Renewable Energy and Regeneration ofRegional Communities䠖
Comparison of Citizens’ Consciousness
in Japan and Korea
NOBUO Shirai
HOSEI UNIVERSITYINSTITUTE OF SUSTAINABILTY
PROFESSOR㻌
Ph.D.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Background of the Research
2. Perspective of the Research

3. Purpose of this presentation
4. Methods of the survey on Citizens’ Consciousness in Japanand Korea

5. The Expectation to Regeneration of Regional Communities
through Renewable Energy
6. The comparison of the Answers by Gender and Age

7. The Factors of the Expectation to Regeneration of Regional
Communities
8. Consideration toward Regeneration of Regional Communitis
Summary and Future Issues
2- 141 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

1. Background and Purpose of the Research䠄䠍䠅 Situational changes concerning Renewable Energy (RE) Large capital make large RE stations in local areas due to FIT
 Conflict and divisions between regional subjects and RE stations
 New possibilities through full liberalization of retail electricity sales

䠄䠎䠅 Necessity of goal setting by regional subjects
 What are the goals of making RE stations for regional subjects?
 What measures are necessary to achieve the goals?
䠄䠏䠅 Necessity of research that contributes to regional decision-making
 Theoretical framework for structural regeneration of regional communities,
and tools to check the status of sought goals with respect to structuralregeneration
 Understanding the Citizens’ Consciousness and Reflection in the measures 3

Providers of RE stations in regional areas
local government inside the municipality

666

private company inside the municipality412

private company outside the municipality

410

residents inside the municipality

116

local government outside the municipality

50

third-sector inside the municipality

37

joint enterprise inside the municipality

28

civic joint capital inside the municipality

21

individual outside the municipality

21

0

Solar power generation㻌 㻌㻌䠕䠎䠏Solar heat utilization 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌䠓䠍Wind power generation 㻌 㻌 㻌䠍䠔䠑Small-scale water power generation 䠍䠍䠏
Biomass power generation㻌䠍䠍䠓䠍䠑
Geothermal power generation㻌 㻌
Snow and ice heat utilization 㻌 㻌䠍䠕Underground heat utilization 㻌 㻌
䠍䠏

200

400

600

800

Note: The survey was conducted from May through July 2014.
1,371 people responded for a response rate of 78.8%.
Source: K. Fujii and H. Yamashita, A Study on the Actual Conditions of Renewable Energy Use inJapanese Municipalities, Hitotsubashi Economics Vol. 8 No. 1, January 2015

- 142 -

4

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

䠎䠊Perspective of the Research
Building a Theoretical Framework for
Structural Regeneration
through the Renewable Energy (RE)

Case Studies of Regions thathave integrated RE projects
in JapanComparison of Citizens’
Consciousness
in Japan and Korea

Building Checklists for the
Regeneration of Regional
Communities through RE

Comparison of Citizens’
Consciousness
in Iida city and Konan city

Extraction of Social Technology
for the Regeneration of Regional
Communities through RE
Guideline for the Regeneration ofRegional Communities through RE
5

Building a Theoretical Framework for
Structural Regeneration
What are the goals of creating RE stations for regional subjects?
energy risk management
climate change mitigation
security/safety in emergency

E.
Conviviality

D.
Fair and
Equitable,
Environmental
symbiosis

citizens’ vitality

A.
Autonomyof EnergyC.
Independenceof Regional
EconomyB.
Dialogue,
Network,Innovation
6- 143 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

Typification of regions in creating renewable energy stations
Solar power generation

Biomass heat utilization

Small-scale water power generation
Wind power generation

Large

Nikaho䠩䡅䡕䠽䡉䠽

Ichiki-kusukino

Size ofstationOdawara

Iida
Nishiawakura

Small

䠣䡑䡆䡕䡋

Few

Konan
Ueda
Degree of integration

Many
7

䠏䠊Purpose of this presentation䠄䠍䠅㻌 Understanding the citizens’ consciousness of the expectation
to regeneration of regional communities through renewable energy Clarify the features of Japanese and Korean consciousness
by the Comparison
 Especially, the comparison of the Answers by gender and age
 Analyze the factors of the expectation to regenerationof regional communities through renewable energy :risk perception for climate change / energy /natural hazard,
evaluation of residential area, ideas for environmental problems

䠄䠎䠅 Consideration toward regeneration of regional community throughrenewable energy by Citizens’ Consciousness
8- 144 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

䠐䠊Methods of the survey on Citizens’
Consciousness in Japan and Korea
Questionnaire survey outline (Main survey㸧
Japan survey

Korean survey

Samples

Website monitors 3,640 persons
Between 20’s and 60’s
Stratified random sampling:
7 areas 㽢2 gender㽢5 age㻌Web monitors 1,404 persons
Between 20’s and 60’s
Stratified random sampling
3 areas㽢2 gender 㽢5 age

Percent ofresponses

A. Numbers of e-mail sent: 104,655
15,921
B. Numbers of responses:
15.2䠂
C. Response rate (B/A) :A. Numbers of e-mail sent:
B. Numbers of responses:
C. Response rate (B/A) :

6,430
1,701
26.5䠂

Survey period January, 2016
Methodof survey

Web-based questionnaire survey
We used the service of the Japanese research company, which is able toconduct the survey at the same time in Japan and Korea.
Note: The sample on Korean is not include the residents in rural area.
9

But,• In the main survey, I used the ordinal scale. As the results, it
was clear that Japanese peoples selected the medium choice ,and Korean peoples selected the positive choice.
• Because of this, I conducted the additional survey about thepart of the question of the main survey, to get the comparable
answer.
Questionnaire survey outline (Additional survey㸧

Samples

Japan survey

Korean survey

Website monitors 520 persons
Between 20’s and 60’s
Stratified random sampling:2(gender)㽢5(age)Only residents in Tokyo’s 23 wards

Website monitors 520 persons
Between 20’s and 60’s
stratified random sampling
2 (gender) 㽢5(age)Only residents in Seoul special city

Survey period April, 2016

- 145 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

䠑䠊The Expectation to Regeneration of Regional
Communities through Renewable Energy
As the results of the main survey
0

Score
2

4

6

Autonomy of Energy

䠆䠆Dialogue,network䠆䠆Independent of economy䠆䠆Energy risk management

䠆䠆Climate change mitigation

䠆䠆

Security/safety in emergency

䠆䠆Citizens䇻 vitality

䠆䠆Japan N=3,640

Korea N=1,404

Note: The results of 䡐-test, the asterisks *, ** indicate that the coefficients are
statistically different from zero at the 5, and 1 percent level, respectively.

Korean peoples selected the positive choice.

11

As the results of the additional survey

Select the three high-priority
Score
0

1

Autonomy of Energy
Dialogue,network

2

3

䠆䠆
䠆䠆

Independent of economy䠆䠆Energy risk management

䠆䠆Climate change mitigation

䠆䠆

Security/safety in emergency

䠆䠆Citizens䇻 vitality

䠆䠆TokyoĜs 23 wards  N=520

Seoul special city N=520

Note: The results of 䡐-test, the asterisks *, ** indicate that the coefficients are
statistically different from zero at the 5, and 1 percent level, respectively.
- 146 -

12

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

As the results of the additional survey

Risk recognition : Select the three high-priority
0

Score

1

Energy risk

2

3

䠆䠆

Power outages, save energy䠆䠆Radioactive pollution䠆䠆Climate change (water hazard)䠆䠆Climat change (Heat shock)䠆䠆

Earthquake䠆䠆Natural Hazard except earthquake䠆䠆TokyoĜs 23 wards N=520

Seoul special city N=520

Note: The results of 䡐-test, the asterisks *, ** indicate that the coefficients are
statistically different from zero at the 5, and 1 percent level, respectively.

13

䠒䠊The comparison of the Answers by Gender and Age
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Note: The results of 䡐-test, the asterisks*, ** indicate that the coefficients are
14
statistically different from zero at the 5, and 1 percent level, respectively.

- 147 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

7. The Factors of the Expectation to Regenerationof Regional Communites
0.3

M60's

Respect tonatureRespect toScience

Climatechange risk

Respect tocitizen
M50's

F60's

Corresponding analysis
Japan
N=3,640M40's

㻌 Dimention 2㻌

Energy risk
Respect toF50'sAutonomy
government
Clmate0.0
Indsutry-0.3change
0.0
0.3
M30's
Vitality
EnergyNetwork
SafetyM20'S
F40's
Economy Regional
F30's
activity
NaturalF20'shazard risk㻌㻌㻌㼏㼛㼚㼠㼞㼕㼎㼡㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㻌㻌㻰㼕㼙㼑㼚㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㻝㻌㻜㻚㻠㻡㻞㻌
㻰㼕㼙㼑㼚㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㻞㻌㻜㻚㻞㻥㻢㻌䕔䠖Gendert.age
䖃䠖Expection to region
䕿䠖Risk perception-0.3
䕻䠖evaluation of residential area
Dimension 䠍㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䕧䠖ideas for environmentat

15

0.3

F20's
EnergyClmatechange㻌 Dimention 2㻌

M20'S

Respect tocitizen

Economy-0.3

Respect tonatureRespect togovernment

F60's

F40's

0.0

ClimateEnergy riskchange risk
NetworkNaturalhazard risk
M30's

Regional
activity

Autonomy

M50's

0.0

Corresponding analysis
Korea
N= 1,404

Respect toScience

F50's

F30's

Safety

0.3

M60's
M40's
Vitality

Indsutry

䕔䠖Gendert.age
䖃䠖Expection to region
䕿䠖Risk perception-0.3
䕻䠖evaluation of residential area
Dimension 䠍㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
䕧䠖ideas for environment- 148 -

㻌㻌㻌㼏㼛㼚㼠㼞㼕㼎㼡㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㻌㻌㻰㼕㼙㼑㼚㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㻝㻌㻜㻚㻢㻞㻝㻌
㻰㼕㼙㼑㼚㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㻞㻌㻜㻚㻝㻣㻠㻌

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

Multiple regression analysis
objective variables : The Expectation to Regeneration㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻺㻩㻟㻢㻠㻜
㻭㼡㼠㼛㼚㼛㼙㼥㻌㼛㼒㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥

㼍㼐㼖㼡㼟㼠㼑㼐㻌㻾㻙㼟㼝㼡㼍㼞㼑㻺㼍㼠㼡㼞㼍㼘㻌㼔㼍㼦㼍㼞㼐㻌㼞㼕㼟㼗㻾㼕㼟㼗㻌㼜㼑㼞㼏㼑㼜㼠㼕㼛㼚㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㼞㼕㼟㼗㻯㼘㼕㼙㼍㼠㼑㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼕㼟㼗㻾㼑㼓㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥㻱㼢㼍㼘㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻭㼓㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㼞㼥㼞㼑㼟㼕㼐㼑㼚㼠㼕㼍㼘㻌㼍㼞㼑㼍㻵㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼥
㻾㼑㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼟㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻵㼐㼑㼍㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻾㼑㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼚㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㼑㼚㼢㼕㼞㼛㼚㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼠 㻾㼑㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼓㼛㼢㼑㼞㼚㼙㼑㼚㼠㻾㼑㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼏㼕㼠㼕㼦㼑㼚㻷㼛㼞㼑㼍㻰㼍㼕㼘㼛㼓㻘
㼚㼑㼠㼣㼛㼞㼗㻚㻟㻢㻣㻚㻟㻤㻜㻚㻜㻟㻡 㻖
㻚㻜㻞㻡㻚㻝㻝㻞 㻖㻖 㻚㻝㻝㻟 㻖㻖㻚㻝㻞㻢 㻖㻖 㻚㻝㻞㻤 㻖㻖㻚㻝㻢㻜 㻖㻖 㻚㻝㻠㻥 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻤㻞㻚㻜㻢㻣 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻟㻠㻚㻜㻣㻟 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻞㻜㻙㻚㻜㻞㻣㻚㻝㻡㻥 㻖㻖 㻚㻝㻡㻣 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻥㻥 㻖㻖 㻚㻝㻞㻣 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻤㻟 㻖㻖 㻚㻜㻥㻥 㻖㻖㻵㼚㼐㼑㼜㼑㼚㼐㼑㼚㼠㼛㼒㻌㼑㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼥㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥
㼞㼕㼟㼗㼙㼍㼚㼍㼓㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻯㼘㼕㼙㼍㼠㼑
㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑
㼙㼕㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥㻛㼟㼍㼒㼑㼠㼥
㼕㼚㻌㼑㼙㼑㼞㼓㼑㼚㼏㼥㻯㼕㼠㼕㼦㼑㼚㻓㼟㼢㼕㼠㼍㼘㼕㼠㼥

㻚㻟㻤㻜㻚㻜㻢㻝 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻤㻟 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻞㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻞㻥 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻡㻞 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻤㻝 㻖㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻞㻢㻚㻝㻜㻣 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻞㻥 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻣㻜 㻖㻖

㻚㻟㻣㻝㻚㻜㻣㻤 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻝㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻤㻟 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻜㻞 㻖㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻞㻞㻚㻜㻤㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻟㻢 㻖
㻚㻜㻤㻝 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻜㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻞㻝㻜 㻖㻖㻚㻠㻜㻞㻚㻜㻟㻥㻚㻝㻜㻡 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻟㻣 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻝㻞 㻖㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻟㻤 㻔㻖㻕㻚㻜㻥㻡 㻖㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻜㻝㻚㻝㻜㻤 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻜㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻞㻟㻜 㻖㻖

㻚㻟㻤㻞㻚㻜㻣㻢 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻝㻡 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻣㻟 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻥㻜 㻖㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻡㻟 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻥㻢 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻡㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻤㻢 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻥㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻞㻟㻜 㻖㻖㻚㻠㻜㻥㻚㻜㻞㻡㻚㻝㻝㻥 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻜㻣 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻠㻞 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻟㻠㻚㻜㻡㻞 㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻡㻥 㻔㻖㻖㻕㻚㻝㻣㻥 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻡㻢 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻡㻤 㻖㻖

㻺㻩㻝㻠㻜㻠

㼍㼐㼖㼡㼟㼠㼑㼐㻌㻾㻙㼟㼝㼡㼍㼞㼑㻺㼍㼠㼡㼞㼍㼘㻌㼔㼍㼦㼍㼞㼐㻌㼞㼕㼟㼗㻾㼕㼟㼗㻌㼜㼑㼞㼏㼑㼜㼠㼕㼛㼚㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㼞㼕㼟㼗㻯㼘㼕㼙㼍㼠㼑㻌㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼕㼟㼗㻾㼑㼓㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥㻱㼢㼍㼘㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻭㼓㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㼞㼥㼞㼑㼟㼕㼐㼑㼚㼠㼕㼍㼘㻌㼍㼞㼑㼍㻵㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼥
㻾㼑㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼟㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻵㼐㼑㼍㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻾㼑㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼚㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㼑㼚㼢㼕㼞㼛㼚㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼠 㻾㼑㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼓㼛㼢㼑㼞㼚㼙㼑㼚㼠㻾㼑㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼏㼕㼠㼕㼦㼑㼚㻭㼡㼠㼛㼚㼛㼙㼥㻌㼛㼒㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥

㻰㼍㼕㼘㼛㼓㻘
㼚㼑㼠㼣㼛㼞㼗

㻵㼚㼐㼑㼜㼑㼚㼐㼑㼚㼠㼛㼒㻌㼑㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼥㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥
㼞㼕㼟㼗㼙㼍㼚㼍㼓㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻯㼘㼕㼙㼍㼠㼑
㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑
㼙㼕㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥㻛㼟㼍㼒㼑㼠㼥
㼕㼚㻌㼑㼙㼑㼞㼓㼑㼚㼏㼥㻯㼕㼠㼕㼦㼑㼚㻓㼟㼢㼕㼠㼍㼘㼕㼠㼥㻚㻞㻝㻞㻚㻜㻠㻤㻚㻝㻝㻜 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻝㻢㻚㻜㻤㻟 㻖
㻚㻝㻞㻟 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻟㻜 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻟㻝 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻞㻡
㻚㻜㻠㻝
㻚㻜㻢㻞

㻚㻞㻝㻟
㻚㻜㻡㻡
㻚㻝㻝㻝 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻜㻟㻚㻜㻣㻤 㻖
㻚㻝㻜㻟 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻠㻡 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻜㻟 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻡㻢
㻚㻜㻡㻤
㻚㻜㻡㻢

㻚㻞㻝㻠
㻚㻜㻤㻡 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻜㻞 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻝㻞㻚㻜㻥㻢 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻝㻣㻚㻝㻡㻞 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻢㻡 㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻜㻝㻚㻜㻡㻣 㻖
㻚㻝㻡㻡 㻖㻖

㻚㻞㻜㻠㻚㻝㻞㻝 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻝㻡 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻜㻤
㻚㻜㻟㻢
㻙㻚㻜㻡㻡
㻚㻝㻢㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻝㻟 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻜㻟㻙㻚㻜㻜㻟㻚㻝㻢㻢 㻖㻖

㻚㻞㻟㻤㻚㻜㻣㻡 㻖
㻚㻝㻞㻜 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻠㻟㻚㻜㻢㻡㻙㻚㻜㻣㻟 㻔㻖㻕㻚㻝㻠㻜 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻞㻝 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻝㻣㻚㻜㻜㻥㻚㻝㻥㻣 㻖㻖

㻚㻞㻝㻟㻚㻜㻥㻥 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻞㻞 㻖㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻜㻠㻚㻜㻤㻣 㻖
㻙㻚㻜㻡㻠㻚㻝㻠㻤 㻖㻖
㻚㻝㻜㻜 㻖㻖㻚㻜㻝㻢㻙㻚㻜㻠㻟㻚㻞㻜㻞 㻖㻚㻝㻥㻟㻚㻜㻡㻡㻚㻝㻞㻠 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻝㻞㻚㻝㻝㻣 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻝㻥㻚㻝㻞㻥 㻖㻖
㻚㻜㻠㻝
㻚㻜㻞㻟
㻚㻜㻡㻡
㻚㻝㻞㻥 㻖㻖

8. Consideration toward Regeneration ofRegional Communities
䐟 In Japan. risk management is the main expectation ofregeneration of regional communities through renewableenergy, especially by females.
Japanese peoples, especially females, have high recognition ofnatural hazard risk (earthquake).
In addition, the high respect to nature effects to the expectation
through renewable energy.
䐠 In Korea, females are not strong actor, male 50’s have strong
expectation to regeneration of regional community throughrenewable energy.
In addition, Korean peoples expect renewable energy in termsof development of industry and science technology.
It is unique point that the high respect to science effect to the
expectation through renewable energy.
18- 149 -

The Role of Central and Local Governments, Related Companies and Citizens

䐡 In Japan, it is pausing that the big outer company build themega-solar station in FIT era.
In the post-FIT era, the main issues are changing toregeneration of regional communities through renewableenergy.

䐢 In Japan, as the results of this analysis, the main expectation ofresidents is risk management, so it is effective to emphasize therisk management by the renewable energy to gain theacceptability of residents.
In addition, woman’s participation is necessary to increase thestrength of regional activities for regeneration of regional
communities.
䐣 On the other hand, energy autonomy and independent of
economic are the important theme.
We must promote various public awareness of the purpose ofrenewable energy in regeneration of regional community.
19

䠕䠊Summary and Future Issues
䐟 The elements of regional revitalization through renewableenergy were set as follows: autonomy of energy,
networking, independence of the regional economy,energy risk management, climate change mitigation,
citizens’ vitality .
䐠 The questionnaire surveys were conducted to compare
citizens’ consciousness of the expectation to regional
revitalization through renewable in Japan and Korea.
䐡 The results showed that the primary expectation in Japanwas energy risk management especially by females, andthe respect toward the nature affected the highexpectation.
䐢 The primary expectations in Korea were the developmentof regional economy and science technology.
20- 150 -

Jeju Symposium for Promoting Renewable Energy in Japan and Korea

We continue this research plan.
Building a Theoretical Framework for
Structural Regeneration
through the Renewable Energy (RE)

Case Studies of Regions thathave integrated RE projects
in JapanComparison of Citizens’
Consciousness
in Japan and Korea

Building Checklists for the
Regeneration of Regional
Communities through RE

Comparison of Citizens’
Consciousness
in Iida city and Konan city

Extraction of Social Technology
for the Regeneration of Regional
Communities through RE
Guideline o fthe Regeneration of Regional
Communities through RE
21- 151 -