Datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines
FAO data and how it can be used in the IPCC Agriculture and Land Use Guidelines

IPCC Expert Meeting Report
20-22 October, 2009, IFAD, Rome, ITALY

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines
FAO data and how it can be used in the IPCC Agriculture and Land Use Guidelines

Meeting Report of the IPCC – FAO – IFAD Expert Meeting on FAO Data for LULUCF/AFOLU
Rome, Italy, 20-22 October, 2009

Supporting material prepared for consideration by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This
supporting material has not been subject to formal IPCC review processes. Neither the papers presented at
the expert meeting nor this report of its proceedings has been subjected to IPCC review.
The IPCC would like to thank the FAO and IFAD for assisting in hosting this meeting and providing technicalsupport and SIDA for their generous support in holding this meeting.

Published by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Hayama, Japan on behalf of the
IPCC© The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2010.
Please cite as:
IPCC (2010), Datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines, eds: Eggleston H.S., Srivastava N., Tanabe K.,
Baasansuren J., Meeting Report of the IPCC – FAO – IFAD Expert Meeting on FAO Data for
LULUCF/AFOLU Rome, Italy, 20-22 October, 2009, Pub. IGES, Hayama, Japan 2010
IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI)
Technical Support Unit
℅ Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
2108 -11, Kamiyamaguchi
Hayama, Kanagawa
JAPAN, 240-0115
Fax: (81 46) 855 3808
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp
Printed in Japan
ISBN 978-4-88788-060-3

ABBREVIATIONSAFOLU: Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization
FRA: Global Forest Resources Assessment
HWP: Harvested Wood Products
IFA: International Fertilizer Industry Association
IFAD: International Fund for Agricultural Development
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRRI: International Rice Research Institute
ITTO: International Tropical Timber Organization
LULUCF: Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry
NFMA: National Forest Monitoring and Assessment Programme
SIDA: Swedish International Development Agency
TFI: Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
UNECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

5

CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 9

2.

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................10

3.

IPCC GUIDELINES METHODS AND DATA NEEDS FOR AFOLU/LULUCF .................................................12

3.1

IPCC Stratification scheme for AFOLU data................................................................................................13

4.

FAO DATABASES AND DATA COLLECTION PROCESS ..............................................................................16

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) ..............................................................................................16
FAOSTAT Database ..................................................................................................................................16
Planted Forest Database............................................................................................................................17
National Forest Monitoring and Assessment Programme (NFMA) ...............................................................17
Other relevant FAO data bases ..................................................................................................................17

5.

THE DATASETS AND HOW THEY CAN BE USED .........................................................................................19

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8

Forest Land ...............................................................................................................................................19
Cropland ...................................................................................................................................................29
Grassland ..................................................................................................................................................36
Wetlands, Settlements & Other land ...........................................................................................................36
Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management ...................................................................................37
N2O Emissions from Managed Soils, and CO2 Emissions from Lime and Urea Application..........................46
Harvested Wood Products .........................................................................................................................52
Waste Sector Data.....................................................................................................................................55

6.

PROPOSED REFINEMENTS TO DATA COLLECTION EFFORTS BY FAO .................................................56

6.1
6.2
6.3

Harmonization of IPCC and FAO definitions and categories ........................................................................56
Coverage and disaggregation of information ...............................................................................................56
Improvement in presentation and access to information ..............................................................................57

Annex 1.

Major climate zones ...............................................................................................................................58

Annex 2.

Classification scheme for default climate regions ................................................................................59

Annex 3.

Classification scheme for mineral soil types based on USDA taxonomy ...........................................60

Annex 4.

Classification scheme for mineral soil types based on WRB classification ........................................61

Annex 5.

Global ecological zones.........................................................................................................................62

Annex 6.

Classification scheme for cropland management systems .................................................................63

Annex 7.

Classification scheme for grassland management systems ...............................................................64

Annex 8.

Perennial cropland categories...............................................................................................................65

Annex 9.

Representative livestock categories .....................................................................................................66

Annex 10.

Definitions of selected variables used in the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 ..............67

Annex 11.

Other international datasets relevant to AFOLU inventories ...............................................................76

Annex 12.

References .............................................................................................................................................77

Annex 13.

Meeting Participants ..............................................................................................................................78

Annex 14.

Agenda ...................................................................................................................................................82

6

FOREWORD
The IPCC’s Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories has, as part of its mandate, the objectiveof encouraging users to adopt the IPCC methodological guidelines for estimating national inventories ofgreenhouse gases. This report is one of a series, developed though expert meetings, which aims to assist
users of the guidelines by addressing specific problem areas.
In this case the expert meeting focused on using international, predominately FAO, dataset for estimating
emissions and removals of greenhouse gases from the Agriculture and Land Use sectors. Many countries
have reported difficulty in obtaining suitable data to make these estimates and so this report aims to makethe FAO data more accessible to inventory compilers.
The Co-chairs of the Task Force Bureau would like to thank all those involved in this meeting. In particular
FAO, IFAD and SIDA for enabling the expert meeting to take place and all the expert participants of themeeting without whom this report would not be possible.

Thelma Krug
Co-Chair Task Force Bureau

7

Taka Hiraishi
Co-Chair Task Force Bureau

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The IPCC/FAO/IFAD Expert Meeting on Activity data for LULUCF/AFOLU held in Rome, Italy, 20-22
October, 2009 was a joint effort of Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) and International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD). The organisers would like to thank allthese bodies for their support and co-operation. The organisers would like to thank the Swedish
International Development Agency (SIDA) whose support made the meeting possible. Thanks are also dueto the experts from many countries, FAO and IFAD who took part in the meeting deliberations and helped in
the preparation of the meeting report.

8

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
IPCC Guidelines provide the methodological guidance for countries to report their annual inventories ofgreenhouse gas emissions and removals to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). The methods contained in the IPCC Guidelines differ in their complexity ranging from thesimplest Tier 1 method that are based on globally or regionally applicable default parameters; through Tier 2
methods based on country specific data; to Tier 3 methods involving more detailed modelling and/or
inventory based approaches. Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use 1 (AFOLU) presents a uniquechallenge to the inventory compilers especially from developing countries due to the paucity of nationaldata.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has long maintained global datasets on agriculture andforestry that constitute an extremely valuable resource for GHG inventories compilation for the AFOLU
sector as noted in the IPCC Guidelines. However these datasets cater to a wide range of information needs
besides GHG inventory compilation and may differ from the data required for GHG compilation in certain
key respects. Therefore, some additional guidance on the access to, and use of, these datasets beyond
what is available in the IPCC Guidelines is useful for inventory compilation especially for developing
countries and those with limited resources. This point was recognised at the Expert Meeting titled “IPCC
Guidance on estimating emissions and removals of greenhouse gases from land uses such as agriculture
and forestry” on 13-15 May 2008 in Helsinki, Finland organized by the IPCC Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) and further discussed a subsequent meeting between IPCC and FAO in
Rome in June, 2008. This meeting was the result of these discussions.
This report was developed during the “IPCC-FAO-IFAD Expert Meeting on FAO data for AFOLU/LULUCF”
held in IFAD HQ, Rome, 20-22 October, 2009 and finalized subsequently by the participants. It aims at
providing advice on access to, and use of, the FAO datasets for making GHG inventories for the AFOLU
sector. The authors also hope this report will help FAO fine-tune their data collection efforts to make themmore compatible with the data needed for understanding GHG emissions and removals from the AFOLU
sector.
This report provides additional guidance for each category in the AFOLU sector and is applicable to bothusers of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines and the earlier Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines and Good PracticeGuidance, For each source or sink category, the location of suitable data is identified, if available, anddetails on its use are provided.

1 In this document AFOLU will be used to denote any of the:“Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)” of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines IPCC (2006)“Agriculture and the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)” of the GPG and GPG-LULUCF
IPCC (2000, 2003)“Land Use Change and Forestry (LUCF)” of the 1996 IPCC Guidelines IPCC (1997)9

2. INTRODUCTION
IPCC Guidelines provide methodologies for estimating national inventories of anthropogenic emissions bysources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases. The IPCC has so far developed:••••

the Revised 1996 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC (1997), known as the“1996 IPCC Guidelines”,
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management, IPCC (2000), known as the “GPG2000”,
Good Practice Guidance for Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, IPCC (2003) known as
the “GPG-LULUCF”
and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC (2006) known as
the “2006 IPCC Guidelines”.

The 1996 IPCC Guidelines together with GPG2000 and GPG-LULUCF provide the methodologies that thecountries use to report their national inventories of greenhouse gases not controlled by Montreal Protocol to
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
The most common methodological approach followed in the IPCC Guidelines is to multiply the informationon the extent of human activity within a given period (activity data or AD) with the emissions/removals perunit activity (emission factor or EF). Therefore,
Emissions or removals = AD*EF
This basic equation can be modified to include other estimation parameters than emission factors such aschanges in C stocks in pools in AFOLU. The methods provided in the IPCC Guidelines vary in their degreeof complexity from the simplest ones using the global or regional default values of EFs given in the IPCC
Guidelines and AD either available locally or from global data sets (Tier 1) and those substituting country
specific values of EFs and AD derived from national statistics as well as increasing stratification of thecategory (Tier 2) to more complex methods involving detailed inventory based measurements andmodelling approaches using sub-national data at much finer resolution (Tier 3). Thus, along with complexity
these methods vary greatly in their data needs. The IPCC guidelines also give guidance on the selection of
method (Tier) with higher Tiers only needed for major sources and sinks.
Countries generally use data from a variety of sources such as national statistical agencies, industry or
stake-holder organizations, national and other experts, scientific and technical publications and internationalorganizations publishing statistics such as United Nations Agencies, World Bank, EUROSTAT and OECDetc. In the IPCC Guidelines, Tier 1 methods have been designed to make use of readily available national
and international data to make them feasible for all countries. However, AFOLU sector presents a greater
challenge in inventory compilation than most other sectors, especially for developing countries, due to alack of reliable national data. IPCC Guidelines generally recommend, in the absence of reliable national
statistics, the use of FAO datasets among others, for the simplest Tier 1 methods. However, sometimes
inventory compilers from the developing countries face difficulties in using FAO data in inventory
compilation both due to a lack of information on how to access FAO datasets and how to translate the data
available from the FAO to that need by the guidelines.
Advice on access and use of FAO data in AFOLU inventories has been a long standing demand of theinventory developers. The IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) held an Expert
Meeting titled “IPCC Guidance on estimating emissions and removals of greenhouse gases from land uses
such as agriculture and forestry” on 13-15 May 2008 in Helsinki, Finland that identified this need. At asubsequent meeting between the IPCC and FAO, the number and variety of useful datasets were noted,
however it was agreed that integrating their use into greenhouse gas inventory compilation was notstraightforward.
To address this important need, IPCC TFI, FAO and IFAD organized a joint meeting titled, “IPCC-FAO-IFAD
Expert Meeting on FAO data for AFOLU/LULUCF” which was held at IFAD, Rome, on 20-22 October, 2009.
The aim of the meeting was to provide advice on the access and use of FAO datasets for AFOLU sector
GHG inventories. This effort enables the meeting to provide guidance to help FAO fine-tune their data10

collection efforts to make them more compatible with the data needs for understanding GHG emissions andremovals in the AFOLU sector.
The Expert Meeting was attended by 38 participants including IPCC Guidelines authors, other AFOLU
experts, experts from FAO/IFAD, IPCC TFI Co-chairs and members of the Technical Support Unit (TSU) of
IPCC TFI.

11

3.

IPCC GUIDELINES METHODS AND DATA NEEDS FOR AFOLU/LULUCF

The GHG emissions and removals from the terrestrial ecosystem arise from carbon stock changes in the
carbon pools and from non-CO2 emissions from a variety of sources including biomass burning, soils,
livestock enteric fermentation and manure management.
The IPCC Guidelines use six broad land-use categories to report emissions and removals from land use
and land use conversions (strictly these are a mix of “land use” and “land cover”):
•
•
•
•
•
•

Forest Land
Cropland
Grassland
Wetlands
Settlements
Other Land

These categories have been selected in the IPCC guidelines as they provide a robust and complete way ofclassifying all the land area of countries. These top-level categories can further be subdivided (or“stratified”) depending on national circumstances to capture the differences between climate, ecologicalzones or management practices etc. These six land uses can thus be considered top-level categories forrepresenting land use area with subcategories describing the special circumstances affecting nationalemissions or removals. The IPCC Guidelines only provide very broad definitions for these six land use
categories and allow the countries to use their national definitions depending upon national circumstances.
Further as the IPCC Guidelines use “managed land” 2 as a proxy for identifying anthropogenic emissions
and removals, therefore countries should distinguish managed from unmanaged land for which emissions
and removals are not reported. These national definitions should be transparently defined and appliedconsistently over time. It is important to note here that the national definitions used by countries may bedifferent from the internationally accepted definitions used by international organizations like FAO.
GHG emissions and removals from each land use include CO2 (calculated from C stock changes) frombiomass, dead organic matter and soils, and non-CO2 emissions from biomass burning and certain land use
specific emissions (e.g. methane from rice cultivation).
CH4 and N2O from livestock management (enteric fermentation and manure management) are estimated bylivestock types (e.g. dairy cows, other cattle, poultry, sheep, swine and other livestock).
Some emission estimates can be based on national level data, as the necessary data are often notdisaggregated by the different land uses. N2O emissions from managed soils are based on the national dataon nitrogen applied to managed soils in the form of synthetic fertilizers, animal manure and other organic
amendments and crop residue and nitrogen from nitrogen mineralization from land use conversions. CO2
emissions from urea and lime application to managed lands are similarly based on national-level statistics.
Harvested Wood Products (HWP) may form an important part of the global carbon cycle. The
emissions/removals from HWP can be reported using different accounting approaches that are subject topolicy negotiations at present. 2006 IPCC Guidelines provide guidance on the calculation of the parameters
underlying any of these accounting approaches. The basic data requirements are the production, imports
and exports of solid wood and paper products since 1900.
While the carbon stock changes are estimated by the area or area change multiplied by the carbon stockchange per unit area, the non-CO2 emissions are generally estimated from the emission factor for a specificgas (e.g.CH4, N2O) and source category multiplied by activity data generally in terms of area (e.g. area of
biomass burnt), population (e.g. livestock) or mass (e.g. biomass or manure).

2 2006 IPCC Guidelines define managed land as, “…land where human interventions and practices havebeen applied to perform production, ecological or social functions.”
12

The methods contained in the IPCC Guidelines require information on activity data such as area and areachanges of different land use categories, population (e.g. livestock), biomass (e.g. biomass burnt, amount of
fertilizer applied) and emission factors or the data and parameters that are used for estimating theseemission factors such as biomass stocks per unit area, growth rates, biomass losses per unit area, biomass
expansion factors, and livestock parameters etc.
The countries may use different methods for obtaining area data such as annual census, periodic surveys
and remote sensing. The 2006 IPCC Guidelines provide guidance on the three approaches that may be
used for obtaining and representing information on area and area changes for national GHG inventories.
Approach 1 identifies the total area under individual categories but does not provide information on land use
conversions between land uses. Approach 2 allows for tracking of conversions between land-use categories
while Approach 3 tracks on a spatially explicit basis. As opposed to the methodological tiers, theseapproaches are not hierarchical in nature and countries may use a mix of approaches for different regions
over time.
Box 1. FRAMEWORK OF TIER STRUCTURE FOR AFOLU DATA
Tier 1 methods are designed to be the simplest to use, for which equations and default parametervalues (e.g., emission and stock change factors) are provided in this volume. Country-specific activity
data are needed, but for Tier 1 there are often globally available sources of activity data estimates(e.g., deforestation rates, agricultural production statistics, global land cover maps, fertilizer use,
livestock population data, etc.), although these data are usually spatially coarse.
Tier 2 can use the same methodological approach as Tier 1 but applies emission and stock change
factors that are based on country- or region-specific data, for the most important land-use or livestockcategories. Country-defined emission factors are more appropriate for the climatic regions, land-use
systems and livestock categories in that country. Higher temporal and spatial resolution and moredisaggregated activity data are typically used in Tier 2 to correspond with country-defined coefficientsfor specific regions and specialized land-use or livestock categories.
At Tier 3, higher order methods are used, including models and inventory measurement systems
tailored to address national circumstances, repeated over time, and driven by high-resolution activity
data and disaggregated at sub-national level. These higher order methods provide estimates of greatercertainty than lower tiers. Such systems may include comprehensive field sampling repeated at regulartime intervals and/or GIS-based systems of age, class/production data, soils data, and land-use andmanagement activity data, integrating several types of monitoring. Pieces of land where a land-use
change occurs can usually be tracked over time, at least statistically. In most cases these systems
have a climate dependency, and thus provide source estimates with inter-annual variability. Detailed
disaggregation of livestock population according to animal type, age, body weight etc., can be used.
Models should undergo quality checks, audits, and validations and be thoroughly documented.

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), Ch.1
The IPCC Guidelines provide guidance on methodological choice as well as the methods of obtaining data
for their GHG inventories for countries. The data should in general be: adequate for representing land use
and land use conversions for estimating GHG emissions and removals, consistent over time, complete in its
coverage of the country and transparent in the choice of its methods, definitions and assumptions etc.
3.1

IPCC Stratification scheme for AFOLU data

2006 IPCC Guidelines use a system of stratification based on climate, ecosystem, soil type andmanagement practices in order to apply emission and stock change factors for estimating biomass, deadorganic matter and soil C stock changes (Table 1). This default classification system is used to stratify thedefault parameters used for Tier 1 methods provided in the IPCC Guidelines. However, inventory compilers
can employ a country-specific classification, along with country-specific emission and stock change factors

13for using Tier 2 and 3 methods. The Guidelines mention that it is good practice 3 to apply the sameclassification, either default or country-specific, across all land-use types. Thus, stock change and emission
factors are assigned to each pool in a national inventory using a uniform classification.
Typically international data sets like FAO data are used with the Tier 1 methods. So in order to facilitate useof FAO datasets for inventory compilation it is important to interpret the FAO data in terms of IPCC
stratification scheme based on climate, ecosystem and soil type.
3.1.1

Climate

IPCC Climate classification is based on elevation, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual
precipitation (MAP), mean annual precipitation to potential evapo-transpiration ratio (MAP:PET), and frost
occurrence. The decision tree in Annex 2 can be used to classify global regions into IPCC climate zones.
3.1.2

Soil

IPCC Soil classification system divides soil into 7 major types. The decision trees in Annex 3 & 4 can beused to classify soils from other soil taxonomic systems like USDA and WRB into IPCC soil types.
3.1.3

Ecological zones

The IPCC Guidelines follow the FAO Global Ecological Zones, based on observed climate and vegetation
patterns. Data for geographic information systems is available at: http://www.fao.org.
3.1.4

Management practices

The default management practices classification is used for classifying the default Soil C stock change
factors. Decision trees in Annex 5 and 6 can be used to classify Cropland and Grassland according tomanagement practices as given in the Table 1.

3 GHG inventories consistent with good practice should contain neither over nor underestimates as far as

can be judged and the uncertainties in these estimates be reduced as far as practicable.
14

Table 1. IPCC STRATIFICATIONS WITH SUPPORTING DATA FOR TIER 1 EMISSIONS ESTIMATION METHODS

FactorStrata

CLIMATE

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

SOIL

BIOMASS (ECOLOGICALZONE)MANAGEMENT PRACTICES(more than one may be applied to
any land area)

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), Ch. 3

15

BorealCold temperate dry
Cold temperate wet
Warm temperate dry
Warm temperate moist
Tropical dry
Tropical moist
Tropical wet
High activity clay
Low activity clay
Sandy
SpodicVolcanic
Wetland
Organic
Tropical rainforest
Tropical moist deciduous forest
Tropical dry forest
Tropical shrubland
Tropical desert
Tropical mountain systems
Subtropical humid forest
Subtropical dry forest
Subtropical steppe
Subtropical desert
Subtropical mountain systems
Temperate oceanic forest
Temperate continental forest
Temperate steppe
Temperate desert
Temperate mountain systems
Boreal coniferous forest
Boreal tundra woodland
Boreal mountain systems
Polar
Intensive tillage/Reduced till/No-till
Long term cultivated
Perennial tree crop
LimingHigh/Low/Medium Input Cropping Systems
Improved Grassland
Unimproved Grassland

4.
4.1

FAO DATABASES AND DATA COLLECTION PROCESS
Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA)

FAO has been periodically collecting data about forest area and forest resources at 5 to 10 year intervals
since 1946. Since 2005, data to the Global Forest Resources Assessments (FRA) are provided by countries
in the form of comprehensive country reports. FAO then compiles and analyses this information andpresents the current status of the world’s forest resources and their changes over time.
In order to ensure the best possible quality of the information that countries provide to FRA, countries
receive training through a series of workshops and a day-to-day contact with the FRA secretariat. The FRA
secretariat undertakes a comprehensive review process in order to ensure that the information provided isinternally consistent, well documented and that the methodology has been correctly applied. Before
publishing, the data undergo a process of official validation by competent national authorities.
Since 2005, the methods for estimating biomass and carbon stocks are entirely built on the IPCC
Guidelines and countries are suggested to use these guidelines whenever they lack country-specific data or
conversion factors.
Data are available online at the FRA website (http://www.fao.org/forestry/fra). FRA definitions of relevantterms are presented in Annex 10.
4.2

FAOSTAT Database

The FAOSTAT database is the main FAO corporate repository for statistical data. Generally the data sets
are annual data, and are updated on a yearly basis via country questionnaires. Each data domain in
FAOSTAT has its own data collection process and schedule. Generally, data is collected from countries(Ministries of Agriculture or, Central Statistics Bureaus). Additional data is obtained from other internationalorganizations that have collected from countries, or from other official sources. One of the importantfunctions of the FAO Statistics Division (ESS) is to compile the respective data from countries throughelectronic questionnaires, national statistical publications and an array of other sources such as project
reports, including studies available in other FAO Divisions, economic journals, etc.
FAOSTAT is available at http://faostat.fao.org/. FAOSTAT is currently available free for downloading up to4000 records in a single extraction. From 1 July 2010 the FAOSTAT subscription service, will be replaced
by a FAOSTAT registered users service offering the same facilities as the current subscription service.
4.2.1

Forest Products Yearbook

FAO is annually collecting information on forest production and trade. Since 1998, this has been a joint
effort between FAO, ITTO, UNECE and EUROSTAT. A joint questionnaire is sent out to all countries andeach of the partners is responsible for the follow-up and collection from a set of countries. FAO thencompiles the data collected by all partners and publishes the information.
In the case of a country not submitting the annual questionnaire, latest reported data are usually repeated inorder to maintain a time series without data gaps. In the case of woodfuel and charcoal, many countries
lack official data and FAO has made estimates based on consumption models.
Data are available online through the FAOSTAT database (http://faostat.fao.org) and when “data quality” isselected in the FAOSTAT interface it is possible to distinguish between official data and estimated andcalculated data.
4.2.2

Land use data

The land use data are required for making economic plans and policies for food security and for deriving
environmental indicators. Data collection is based on a hierarchical structure and follows an approximate
harmonized international land use classification system and definitions in order to ensure comparability andcompatibility.
For example, the first attempt to construct at the first digit is to classify the land use categories into several
classes. At the second digit level, the classification may go into details that are more relevant for land use
16

classification. Some areas of the main classes at the first digit level may even go further if necessary to thethird digit level with respect to further details of specific land use.
Data on land use are compiled for the following categories: Country area (including area under inland water
bodies), Land area (excluding area under inland water bodies), Agricultural area, Arable land andPermanent crops, Arable land, Temporary crops, Temporary meadows and pastures, Fallow land
(temporary: less than 5 years), Permanent crops, Permanent meadows and pastures, Forest area, Other
wooded land and Other land covering the country as a whole. Data are also available on ‘Area equipped for
irrigation etc.
Land use data is available on the FAO website at: http://faostat.fao.org/site/377/default.aspx#ancor.
4.3

Planted Forest Database

The Global Planted Forest Thematic Study was designed to supplement and complement the work
undertaken by FRA 2005 by providing more detailed data on Planted Forests. It was conducted in 61
selected countries that accounted for an estimated 95% of global planted forest area. The countries
selected included those with the 30 largest plantation forest areas reported in FRA 2000 and further
selected countries in Europe and North America
Data was collected through a questionnaire that was sent to a network of national experts on planted forestsand built on the FRA 2005 tables to obtain more detailed information on planted forests. Results, compiled
and analysed into a database, aimed to provide a more realistic picture of the status and trends of forest
products and services from planted forests
Planted Forest Database is available on a CD-ROM on request from Alberto Del Lungo, Forestry Officer(Alberto.DelLungo@fao.org).
4.4

National Forest Monitoring and Assessment Programme (NFMA)

Since the year 2000, the Forestry Department of FAO has invested substantial resources to develop a
programme of support to National Forest Monitoring and Assessment (NFMA) with the mandate of quickly
responding to country requests for enhanced forest data acquisition and assisting them in setting up andorganising national forest monitoring and assessment systems. The adopted methodology covers variables
both biophysical and socio-economic attributes of forest and data is collected on socio-economic themes on
non forest land also. The data collected and variable definitions are harmonized with international standards,
in particular with FAO's Global Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) and IPCC guidelines.
A total of nine countries have completed a National Forest Inventory with FAO support (Bangladesh,
Cameroon, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Lebanon, Philippines, Zambia and Nicaragua), while country
projects are currently on-going in ten other countries. Information on NFMA programme and countries
involved can be found at the NFMA homepage: http://www.fao.org/forestry/nfma/
A key component of NFMA is to build country capacity to carry out successive inventories with their own
resources. Upon completion of a National Forest Inventory, national staff is trained in the analysis of thedata and assisted on how to extract information. While FAO facilitates the dissemination of the generated
information, it remains the countries’ responsibility to maintain the complete sets of data to be utilized fornational purposes and for international reporting and to build country capacity to carry out successive
inventories with their own resources.
4.5

Other relevant FAO data bases

The Harmonized World Soil Database contains soil information (including on soil carbon) at 1km resolution.
It is a database developed by FAO with partners and made available from the IIASA website:
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/luc07/External-World-soil-database/HTML/.
Global Land Use Systems has information on land use (including livestock) at 5 minute resolution and isavailable at: http://www.fao.org/nr/lada/index.php?/LUS-LADA-MAPS.html
FAO Geonetwork portal (http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/) provides Internet access to interactive maps,
satellite imagery and related spatial databases maintained by FAO and its partners. Its purpose is to17

improve access to and integrated use of spatial data and information. Many UN agencies and otherinstitutions have adopted GeoNetwork Opensource for their data dissemination strategy including:
UN-OCHA: http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org:8080/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
WFP-VAMSIE: http://geonetwork.unocha.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
ICIMOD : http://arcsde.icimod.org.np:8080/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
CGIAR-CIAT: http://vam.wfp.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
CGIAR-IWMI: http://geonetwork.iwmi.org:8080/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
The FAO GeoNetwork portal allows the retrieval of metadata records from networked nodes. Currently,
almost seven thousands metadata records can be found in the FAO GeoNetwork portal, of which almost
five thousands were produced by FAO only. Digital maps as well as GIS and Remote Sensing data sets areavailable for display and download. For example, the FAO coarse resolution spatial datasets of different
category (i.e. boundaries, agriculture, climate, fishery, forestry, environmental and socio-economic
indicators, etc.) have been documented and uploaded.

18

5.

THE DATASETS AND HOW THEY CAN BE USEDThis chapter outlines each activity data item in the IPCC guidelines for AFOLU and gives details of theappropriate FAO dataset that can be used. For each source or sink category, detail of the appropriate FAO
data are given and any conversion or issues that may be important are noted. When using the dataattention must be paid to any conversion needed due to differences in definitions and/or units.
5.1

Forest Land

The 2006 IPCC Guidelines provide a broad definition of Forest Land as: “…all land with woody vegetationconsistent with thresholds used to define Forest Land in the national greenhouse gas inventory. It also
includes systems with a vegetation structure that currently falls below, but in situ could potentially reach thethreshold values used by the a country to define the Forest Land category.” The countries can choose theirnational definition incorporating land cover and use or both depending on national circumstances.
As mentioned earlier, the IPCC Guidelines advise the use of FAO datasets for information on activity datalike area and area changes and the various parameters relating to Forestland. Many FAO datasets containdata relating to Forest Land. The Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) collects data on forest areaat periodic (5 to 10 year) intervals for all countries and territories. FRA data on forest area has beenannualized by linear interpolation and incorporated in the FAOSTAT database on land use. In addition to
the area of forest, FRA also collects information on the area of Other Wooded Land (basically bush- andshrubland) and the area of Other Land and Other Land with Tree Cover. Definitions used by FRA are given
in Annex 10.
Some issues however need to be addressed in using these datasets for GHG inventories for AFOLU sector.
Firstly, the national definitions of forestland used by countries for their GHG reporting may not correspond to
the definitions used for reporting to FAO datasets such as Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA).
Further, the countries have to distinguish their managed forests from unmanaged forests using national
definitions in their GHG reporting. FAO datasets typically do not separate the information on managed
forests and some additional guidance such as that on the proxies that could be established may be needed
to obtain the information on managed forests from the FAO datasets. There also are other general issues
such as disaggregation of aggregate statistics (e.g. wood removals like industrial roundwood and fuelwood)
into different land use sources (e.g. forestland, cropland etc.).
The following gives a brief description of the main parameters used in the IPCC Guidelines for Forest land
and their relationship with the FAO datasets.

19

5.1.1

Area/Area changes

Description

Information on areas of managed forests and areas of other land uses (e.g.
Cropland and Grasslands) converted to managed forests disaggregated as
feasible according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, forest
types, management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally
relevant stratification systems.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Hectare2006 IPCC Guidelines

See Guidance in Chapter 4, Volume 4(1) and Equations 2.6, 2.9, 2.16, 2.18,
2.19, 2.21, 2.23 and 2.25

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

Chapter 3, Equations 3.2.4, 3.2.11, 3.2.12, 3.2.13, 3.2.14, 3.2.15, 3.2.23,
3.2.26, 3.2.27, 3.2.29, 3.2.30 , 3.2.31 and 3.2.33

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Manual, Equation 2

FAO Dataset(s)

•
•

URL

FAOSTAT: Annualized forest area data
Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA): other additional
disaggregated forest-type information:• Country-specific information can be found in the country reports to FRA• Global Planted Forests Thematic Study: Results and Analysis• National Forest Monitoring and Assessment (NFMA)
http://faostat.fao.org (FAOSTAT data portal)
www.fao.org/forestry/fra (FRA home page)
http://www.fao.org/forestry/14119-1-0.pdf (FRA specifications and definitions)www.fao.org/forestry/12139-1-0.pdf (planted forests, results and analysis)
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/j9419e/j9419e.pdf
responses)(planted forests, country

http://www.fao.org/forestry/12140-1-0.pdf (planted forests, desk studies)
http://www.fao.org/forestry/nfma/en/(NFMA)
Features of the datasets
including definitions

Forest:“Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a
canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds
in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban
land use.”
Other wooded land:“Land not classified as Forest, spanning more than 0.5 hectares; with trees
higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent, or trees able to reachthese thresholds in situ; or with a combined cover of shrubs, bushes and trees
above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under
agricultural or urban land use.”
Other land with tree cover:“Land not classified as forest or other wooded land, spanning more than 0.5
hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees able to reach aheight of 5 meters at maturity.”

20

Notes:The FRA definition of Forest explicitly includes rubber plantations which inagricultural statistics are usually included as a permanent crop. Special
care must therefore be taken in order to not double count the area of rubber
plantations. FRA 2010 will contain information on the area of rubber
plantations.
• The full definitions including a number of explanatory notes to thedefinitions are provided in Annex 101000 hectares•

Units in the datasets
Availability(Years/country/region)

Conversion if any
requiredRemarks

21

FAOSTAT:o Data availability: 227 countries and territories
o Reporting years: annual data since 1990
• FRA2005:
o Data availability: 229 countries and territories
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000 and 2005
• FRA2010 (data to be released in 2010):
o Data availability: 233 countries and territories
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010
• Global Planted Forest Thematic Studyo Data availability: 61 countries
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000 and 2005
The FRA data set from the country reporting process contains data at country or
territory level on the total area of forest. It is not further subdivided into climate
domains or ecological zones. Information is not collected on areas of managed
forests. However, the FRA dataset contains information on supplementary
variables, such as the area of primary forest, area of forest in protected areas
and area under forest management plan which in some circumstances might beused to estimate the area of managed forest.
•

FRA emphasizes consistent time series as more important than strictly applying
FAO definitions. Therefore, FRA data commonly reflect national definitions offorest area. FRA data on forest area from two points in time can be used toassess the net change of forest area but this net change cannot be further
subdivided into area of land converted to forest land and forest land converted
to other land.

5.1.2

Above-ground biomass

Description

Information on above-ground biomass stocks of managed forests disaggregatedas feasible according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types,
forest types, management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally
relevant stratification systems.

Definition(s) in the
IPCC Guidelines

All biomass of living vegetation, both woody and herbaceous, above the soil
including stems, stumps, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage.

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines
2006 IPCC Guidelines
GPG/GPG-LULUCF
1996 IPCC Guidelines

tonnes d.m./ha

FAO Dataset(s)FRA2005, FRA2010, Country reports to FRA, National Forest Monitoring andAssessment(NFMA) and Global Planted Forests Thematic Study: Results andAnalysis for 61 reported countries (only includes growth rates and harvested
volumes in m3/ha by species)
www.fao.org/forestry/fra (FRA home page)www.fao.org/forestry/nfma (NFMA home page)www.fao.org/forestry/12139-1-0.pdf (planted forests, results and analysis)
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/j9419e/j9419e.pdf (planted forests, country
responses)
http://www.fao.org/forestry/12140-1-0.pdf (planted forests, desk studies)• The FRA definition is identical to the IPCC definition.
• The FRA data set contains information on above-ground biomass
disaggregated by forest and other wooded land. No further disaggregation isavailable in the FRA data set. The country reports to FRA provide further
information on how the above-ground biomass was estimated, such as
conversion factors used, etc.
FRA: Million metric tonnes (oven dry weight), NFMA: Country specific• FRA 2005:
o Data availability: 146 out of 229 countries and territories havereported data for all reporting years.
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000 and 2005
• FRA 2010:
o Data will be available in 2010
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010
• Global Planted Forests Thematic Study:o Data availability: 61 reported countries
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000 and 2005
• NFMA: Country specific• Total biomass has to be converted to t.d.m./ha using the appropriate area
information.
• To convert merchantable volume growth/removals to above ground biomass
growth the appropriate default values of biomass conversion and expansion(removal/increment) factor as given in table 4.5, Chapter 4, Vol. 4(1), 2006
IPCC Guidelines can be applied.
• Biomass data reported by the countries to FRA are usually obtained byapplying the IPCC default parameters.
• A majority of countries only have data on stocks per hectare for one point intime and in these cases the time series on biomass in the FRA data set onlyreflects the changes in forest area.

URL

Features of thedataset(s) including
definitions

Units in the dataset
Availability(Years/country/region)

Conversion if any
requiredRemarks

22

See guidance in Chapter 4, Volume 4(1) and Equation 2.14 (Parameter Bw),
GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.2.9 (Parameter Bw)
Chapter 5, Reference Manual, Equation 1

5.1.3Growing Stock

Description

Information on growing stock of managed forests as feasible according todifferent climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, forest types, management
systems, and regions of a country or other nationally relevant stratification
systems.

Definition(s) in the
IPCC Guidelines

Volume over bark of all living trees more than X cm in diameter at breast height.
It includes the stem from ground level or stump height up to a top diameter of Y
cm, and may also include branches to a minimum diameter of W cm. Countries
indicate the three thresholds (X, Y, W in cm) and the parts of the tree that are notincluded in the volume. Countries also indicate whether the reported figures refer
to volume above ground or above stump. The diameter is measured at 30cm
above the end of the buttresses if these are higher than 1 meter. It includes windfallen living trees and excludes smaller branches, twigs, foliage, flowers, seeds,
and roots.

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

m3/ha

2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 4, Volume 4(1), and Equation 2.8(b) (Parameter Vi,j)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.2.3 (Parameter V)

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)• FRA 2005
• FRA 2010
• Country reports to FRA• National Forest Monitoring and Assessment(NFMA)
www.fao.org/forestry/fra (FRA home page)URL

www.fao.org/forestry/nfma (NFMA home page)
Features of the data
sets including
definitions

Units in the dataset

The FRA definitions are the same as in the IPCC Guidelines.
Note: the FRA data set contain information on growing stock disaggregated byforest and other wooded land and in FRA 2010 also by coniferous andbroadleaved species. No further disaggregation is available. The country reports
to FRA provide additional information on how the growing stock was estimated.
FRA: Million cubic meters (over bark)
NFMA: harmonized with FRA

Availability(Years/country/region)

Conversion if any
requiredRemarks

23

FRA 2005:
o Data availability: 146 out of 229 countries and territories. Data set
contains some gaps and does not cover all 233 reporting units.
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000, and 2005
• FRA 2010:
o Data availability: not available yeto Reporting years: 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010
• National Forest Monitoring and Assessment(NFMA): Available only forselected countries• Total growing stock has to be converted to m3/ha using the appropriate area
information.
• Volume(under-bark) has to be converted to Volume(over-bark) using theappropriate expansion factor.
The methodology and consistency of methods across datasets and reporting
years in terms of methods and definitions should be verified.
•5.1.4

Above-ground biomass growth

Description

Information on above-ground biomass growth of managed forest as feasible
according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, forest types,
management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally relevant
stratification systems.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

Oven-dry weight of net annual increment (s.b.) of a tree, stand or forest plus
oven-dry weight of annual growth of branches, twigs, foliage, top and stump

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

tonnes d.m./ha/yr

2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 4, Volume 4(1) and Equations 2.10 & 2.21 (Parameter
GW)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.2.5 (Parameter GW)

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Manual, Equation 1

FAO Dataset(s)There is no data set that directly provides the biomass increment values but it
could be derived from the net volume increment data from relevant FAO
datasets.

URL

N.A.

Features of thedataset(s) including thedefinitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

N.A.

Conversion if any
requiredVolume increment can be converted to biomass increment by applying
appropriate conversion and expansion factors as given in the IPCC Guidelines.

Remarks

Global Planted Forests Thematic Study provides the minimum and maximum
annual volume increment (m3/ha/yr) by species. Increment refers to Mean
Annual Increment (MAI). 31 countries out of 61 have provided increment data.
This is available at:
•
•
•

24

www.fao.org/forestry/12139-1-0.pdf (planted forests, results and analysis)
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/j9419e/j9419e.pdf (planted forests, country
responses)
http://www.fao.org/forestry/12140-1-0.pdf (planted forests, desk studies)5.1.5

Average Net Annual Increment (Growing stock)

Description

Information on the net annual increment of managed forest land as feasible
according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, forest types,
management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally relevant
stratification systems.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

Average annual volume of gross increment over the given reference period
minus mortality (s.a.), of all trees to a specified minimum diameter at breast
height. As used here, it is not net of losses due to disturbances (s.a.).

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

m3/ha/yr

2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 4, Volume 4(1) and Equation 2.10 (Parameter IV)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.2.5(B) (Parameter IV)

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Volume

FAO Dataset(s)

•
•
•
•
•

URL

Features of thedataset(s) including thedefinitions
Units in the dataset

National Forest Monitoring and Assessment(NFMA))
Global Planted Forests Thematic Study: Results and Analysis
www.fao.org/forestry/nfma (NFMA home page)www.fao.org/forestry/12139-1-0.pdf (Planted forests, results and analysis)
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/j9419e/j9419e.pdf (planted forests, country
responses)• http://www.fao.org/forestry/12140-1-0.pdf (planted forests, desk studies)
Global Planted Forest Thematic Study provides data on maximum and minimum
values for mean annual increment (MAI) by species.
NFMA: Country specific
Planted forest thematic study: m3/ha/yr
NFMA: Country specific
Global Planted Forest Thematic Study: Available for 31 out of 61 countries
that have provided increment data.

Availability(Years/country/region)

•
•
•
•

Conversion if any
required

Additional information may be needed for conversion of the data from thedatasets.

Remarks

The UNECE State of Europe´s Forests 2007(http://w3.unece.org/pxweb/DATABASE/STAT/Timber.stat.asp) is anotherdataset providing data for European forests.

25

5.1.6

Annual industrial round-wood removal

Description

Information on industrial round-wood removals (H) from managed forests as
feasible according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, forest
types, management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally
relevant stratification systems.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

Annual volume of industrial round-wood removal (H) from managed forests(overbark)

Units in IPCC
Guidelines

m3/yr

2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 4, Volume 4(1) and Equation 2.12 (Parameter H)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.2.7(Parameter H)

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Volume, Equation 1

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Features of the datasets
including definitions

Data in FAOSTAT is under-bark volume disaggregated by coniferous andbroadleaved species but not by land-use types and regions.

Units in the dataset

m3/yr (underbark)

Availability(Years/country/region)

FAOSTAT data is available from 1961 onwards for all countries and regions.

Conversion if any
required•Remarks

Under-bark volume data needs to be converted to over-bark volume using
the appropriate factors as given in the IPCC Guidelines/country-specificfactors.
• FAOSTAT does not disaggregate the data on wood removals based onland-use source.
Additional information can be found in:••

26

Global Planted Forests Thematic Study: Results and Analysis(for 61
reported countries; only includes growth rates and harvested volumes in
m3/ha by species)
FRA country reports

5.1.7

Annual fuel-wood removal

Description

Data on fuel-wood removals from managed forests as feasible according todifferent climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, forest types, management
systems, and regions of a country or other nationally relevant stratification
systems.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

The wood removed (overbark) for energy production purposes, regardless ofwhether for industrial, commercial, or domestic use. Fuel wood includes woodcollected or removed directly from forest or other wooded land for energy
purposes only. It excludes fuel-wood which is produced as a by-product orresidual matter from the industrial processing of round wood. It includes removalfrom fellings in an earlier period and from trees killed or damaged by naturalcauses. It also includes removal by local people or owners for their own use.

Units in IPCC
Guidelines

m3/yr

2006 GL

See guidance in Chapter 4, Volume 4(1) and Equation 2.13 (Parameters FGtree
and FGpart)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.2.8 (Parameter FG)

1996 GL

Chapter 5, Reference Volume, Equation 1

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Features of FAO
dataset including
definitions

Wood Fuel, including Wood for Charcoal

Units in the dataset

m3 (underbark)

Availability(Years/country/region)

Available from 1961 onwards for all countries and regions

Conversion if any
required•Roundwood that will be used as fuel for purposes such as cooking, heating or
power production. It includes: wood harvested from main stems, branches andother parts of trees (where these are harvested for fuel) and wood that will be
used for charcoal production (e.g. in pit kilns and portable ovens). The volumeof roundwood used in charcoal production, is estimated by using a factor of 6.0
to convert from the weight (MT) of charcoal produced to the solid volume (m3)of roundwood used in production. It is reported in cubic metres underbark (i.e.
excluding bark).

•

Remarks••

27

Under-bark volume data needs to be converted to over-bark volume using
the appropriate factors as given in the IPCC Guidelines/country-specificfactors.
FAOSTAT data does not separate the fuel-wood data based on the landuse source. To obtain data on proportion of fuel-wood coming from forests
additional information and expert judgment may be used based on national
circumstances.
FAOSTAT does not separate the fuelwood coming from forest land andforest land converted to other land-uses.
Wood burnt for energy purposes is to be reported in energy sector as an‘information item’.

5.1.8

Area affected by disturbanceDescription

Information on areas of managed forests affected by disturbances as feasible
according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, forest types,
management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally relevant
stratification systems.

Definition(s) in the
IPCC Guidelines

Annual area of forests affected by disturbances. A disturbance is defined as anenvironmental fluctuation and destructive event that disturbs forest health,structure, and/or changes resources or physical environment at any given spatialor temporal scale. Disturbances that affect health and vitality include biotic
agents such as insects and diseases, and abiotic agents such as fire, pollution,and extreme weather conditions.

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Hectare /yr

2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 4, Volume 4(1) & Equation 2.1 4 (Parameter Adisturbance)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.2.9 (Parameter Adisturbance )1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO and otherDataset(s)FRA 2005, FRA 2010 and Country reports to FRA

URL

http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0400e/a0400e00.HTM

Features of the dataset
including definitions

FRA defines disturbance as damage caused by any factor (biotic or abiotic) thatadversely affects the vigour and productivity of the forest and which is not a
direct result of human activities. Disturbance categories:• Fire, whenever possible disaggregated by forest, other wooded land andother land.
• Insects• Diseases attributable to pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, phytoplasma or
virus.
• Biotic agents other than insects or diseases, such as wildlife browsing,grazing, physical damage by animals, etc.
• Abiotic factors such as air pollution, snow, storm, drought, etc.
• The FRA data set does not contain any information on the intensity of fires
and other disturbances.
Data in the FRA dataset refer to 5-year averages, in order to reduce the impactof annual variations.
1000 hectares/year

Units in the dataset
Availability(Years/country/region)••

Conversion if any
requiredRemarks

28

•
•
•
•
•

FRA 2005:
o Data availability: Data set contains gaps - out of 229 countries andterritories, 112 reported on fire, 66 on insects and 57 on diseases.
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000
FRA 2010:
o Data will be available in 2010.
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000, 2005
Country reports to FRA: Country-specificArea figures have to be multiplied by 1000 to get the area in hectare/year.
Additional information is required in case no disaggregated data is available
by land-use categories.
UNEP database on global burnt area: http://www.grid.unep.ch/
A database on rate and impact of natural disturbances by type, for all
European countries is available at: http://www.efi.fi/

5.2

CroplandThe 2006 IPCC Guidelines define Cropland as , “…arable and tillable land, rice fields, and agro-forestry
systems where the vegetation structure falls below the thresholds used for Forest Land category, and is
expected not to exceed those thresholds at a later time.” It includes:•••

Annual crops such as cereals, oils seeds, vegetables root crops etc.
Perennial crops including agro-forestry systems, orchards, vineyards and plantations such as cocoa,
coffee, rubber, oil palm etc.
Temporary fallow 4 lands and arable land which are normally used for cultivation of annual crops but
have been temporarily used for forage crop and grazing as part of annual crop-pasture rotation system.

The main FAO datasets relevant for cropland category are FRA and FAOSTAT. The important thing to notehere is that FRA specifically includes rubber plantations under the forest category, while rubber generally isalso included as a permanent crop. The FRA 2010 will contain data on the area of rubber plantations sonecessary adjustments can be made.
A brief description of the relevant FAO datasets for various parameters in Cropland is given below.

4 Land set at rest for one or more years before being cultivated again.

29

5.2.1

Area/area changes

Description

Information on area of annual and perennial crops remaining as cropland andconversion to cropland from other land uses disaggregated as feasible accordingtodifferent climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, crop-types,
management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally relevant
stratification systems

Definition(s) in the
IPCC Guidelines

See the “Description” above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Hectare2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 5, Volume 4(1) and Equations 2.6, 2.9, 2.18, 2.19,
2.21, 2.23 and 2.25

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Manual

FAO Dataset(s)• FAOSTAT• FRA
http://faostat.fao.org/
http://www.fao.org/forestry/fra

URL(s)
Features of the dataset
including definitions

Units in the dataset
Availability(Years/country/region)

Conversion if any
requiredRemarks

FAOSTAT:o Annual crops are those that are planted and harvested during thesame production season.
o Perennial crops are plants that live for more than two years.
• FRA 2010 will include information on the area of rubber plantations toensure that these areas are not double-counted.
1000 hectares•

FAOSTAT:o Data availability: Available for all countries
o Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards• FRA 2010:
o Data availability: It will cover 233 countries and territories and data
will be available in 2010.
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010.
Area should be multiplied by 1000.
•

•
•
•

30

FAOSTAT uses “area harvested” for production purposes.
Although FRA includes “Other land with tree cover”, it may not be equivalent
to perennial cropland.
Other relevant datasets are:o Country reports to FRA
o Agro-maps
o LADA(one-time assessment of land use systems)

5.2.2

Above-ground woody biomass in perennial croplands

Description

Information on above ground biomass in perennial cropland disaggregated as
feasible according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, croptypes, management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally
relevant stratification systems.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

Perennial croplands include trees and shrubs, in combination with herbaceous
crops (e.g. agroforestry) or as orchards, vineyards and plantations such ascocoa, coffee, tea, oil palm, coconut, rubber trees and bananas, except wherethese lands meet the criteria for categorization as Forest Land.

Units in Guidelines

Tonnes dry matter /ha

2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 5, Volume 4(1) and(Parameter GW)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)No FAO dataset contains this information directly.

URL

N.A.

Features of the datasets
including the definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

N.A.

Conversion if any
required

N.A.

Remarks

•
•
•
•

31

Equations 2.10 and 2.21

FAOSTAT contains data on area harvested, total production and yield for various
permanent crops.
FRA2010 will contain the information on the area of rubber plantations.
Expert knowledge on planting densities and biomass of trees etc. will have to be
applied to make estimates of the above ground biomass.
Area of perennial crops can be used for validation.

5.2.3

Biomass losses from removal, fuel-wood and disturbanceDescription

Information on biomass losses from removal, fuel-wood and disturbance inperennial cropland disaggregated as feasible according to different climate
zones, ecological zones, soil types, crop-types, management systems, andregions of a country or other nationally relevant stratification systems

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” above

Units in Guidelines

tonnes.d.m/ha

2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 5, Volume 4(1) and, Equation 2.12 (Parameter H),
2.13 (Parameters FGtrees, FG part)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Manual

FAO Dataset(s)FAO does not collect the data on biomass loss due to removal, fuel-wood anddisturbance by land use type.

URL

N.A.

Definition in the dataset

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

N.A.

Conversion if any required

N.A.

Remarks

FAO provides total roundwood and fuelwood removals data (see tables 3.6,
3.7 for details), but these are not separated by source (e.g., Cropland, Forest
Land, etc.).

32

5.2.4

Annual crop area planted

Description

Information on areas of annual crops planted disaggregated as feasible
according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, crop-types,
management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally relevant
stratification systems

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” above

Units in Guidelines

Hectare2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Volume 4(1)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Volume

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/

Features of the dataset
including definitions•

Units in the dataset

This is equivalent to area of temporary crops in the land use section of the
FAOSTAT.
• Temporary crops is all land used for crops with a less than one-year
growing cycle and which must be newly sown or planted for further
production after the harvest..
• Fallow land (temporary) is the cultivated land that is not seeded for one ormore growing seasons. The maximum idle period is usually less than five
years. Land remaining fallow for too long may acquire characteristics
requiring to be reclassified, such as "permanent meadows and pastures" (ifused for grazing), "forest or wooded land" (if overgrown with trees), or"other land" (if it becomes wasteland).
1000 hectares

Availability(Years/country/region)••

Conversion if any
required

Area should be multiplied by 1000.

Remarks

This area includes the fallow lands.

33

Data availability: Available for all countries
Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards

5.2.5

Average productivity per hectare

Description

Information on average productivity per hectare disaggregated as feasible
according to different climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, crop-types,
management systems, and regions of a country or other nationally relevant
stratification.

Definitions in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” above

Units in IPCC Guidelines

Tonnes dry matter ./hectare

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Volume 4(1)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/

Features of the dataset
including definitions•

Units in the dataset

Hg/ha (1 Hg = 1 hectogram = 0.1 kg)

Availability(Years/country/region)••

Conversion if any
required

Appropriate conversion may be applied using area information.

Remarks

•

•

•

34

All yields are per hectare for single countries
All major crops are covered
Data availability: Available for all countries
Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards

Data on yields of permanent crops are not as reliable as those fortemporary crops either because most of the area information may
correspond to planted area, as for grapes, or because of the scarcity andunreliability of the area figures reported by the countries , as for example
for cocoa and coffee
The exact unit in the dataset is crop-specific.

5.2.6

Annual harvested area for rice cultivation

Description

Information on annual harvested area for rice cultivation disaggregated as
feasible by climate, soil type, cultivation period, water regime, agronomic
practices, and cultivar types.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Hectare2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Volume 4(1), Equation 5.1 (Parameter Ai,j,k )GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equation 4.41 (Parameter Aijk)

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Volume, Equation 1

FAO and otherDataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/

Definition in thedataset(s)Area harvested refers to the area from which rice paddy is gathered, excluding
the area from which, although sown or planted, there was no harvest due todamage or failure. Rice paddy is grain after threshing and winnowing. It is also
known as “rice-in-the-husk” or “rough rice” and is mainly used as food forhumans.

Units in the dataset

HectareAvailability(Years/country/region)••

Conversion if any
requiredNone

Remarks••

35

Data availability: Available for all countries
Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards

In case of multiple (successive) cropping during the same year, ‘harvested
area’ is equal to the sum of the area cultivated for each cropping.
Other relevant dataset is the IRRI World Rice statistics(http://www.irri.org/science/ricestat/)5.3

Grassland

Grasslands are defined in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines as rangelands and pasture land that are notconsidered Cropland. Grasslands are generally dominated by perennial grasses but may include systems
with woody vegetation and other non-grass vegetation such as herbs and brushes that fall below thethresholds used to define forests. They may include agricultural and silvi-pastoral systems consistent withnational definitions.
5.3.1

Area and area changes

Description

Information on areas of managed grasslands and conversion of other land uses
to managed grasslands disaggregated as feasible according to different climate
zones, ecological zones, soil types, crop-types, management systems, andregions of a country or other nationally relevant stratification.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” above

Units in Guidelines

Hectare2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 5, Volume 4(1) and, Equations 2.6, 2.9, 2.18, 2.19,
2.21, 2.23 and 2.25

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.4.4

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Volume, Equation 1

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

1000 hectare

Availability(Years/country/region)•

Conversion if any
required

Area should be multiplied by 1000.

Remarks

NONE

5.4

•

Data availability: Available for all countries
Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards

Wetlands, Settlements & Other land

FAO Datasets do not contain data on these land use categories at present. Please see Annex 11 for a list ofother relevant international datasets.

36

5.5

Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management

The IPCC Guidelines provide methods for estimation of emissions of methane from Enteric Fermentationand methane and nitrous oxide from Manure Management. The estimation methods require the basic
definition of livestock subcategories for Tier 1 methods and subcategories based on enhanced
characterization (see Annex 9) for the higher tier methods. Accordingly the Tier 1 methods require only theannual average population (AAP) of the basic subcategories along with the IPCC default emission factors
while higher tier methods require the AAP of the subcategories from the enhanced characterization andother data such as feed intake data for enteric fermentation and manure management system usage data
for manure management.
The main data requirement for livestock emissions estimations and their relationship with relevant FAO
datasets are summarized below.
5.5.1

Annual Average Population ( AAP)

Description

Annual average populations of the livestock category disaggregated as feasible
by gender (males/females/castrates), age (mature/growing), purpose (dairy/
breeding/draft-power) etc. and climate zone.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

AAP = Days _alive*(NAPA/365)
AAP = annual average population
NAPA = number of animals produced annually

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Number2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2), Equations 10.19, 10.22, 10.25, 10.26, 10.28 and10.34, (Parameter N(T))

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Equation 4.12, 4.18 ( parameter N(T))

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/

Features of the dataset
including definitions

Total stocks of animals refer to the number of live animals of the species
present in the country at the time of enumeration. Livestock population is given
by gender (males/females).

Units in the dataset

Livestock data are reported in number of heads except for poultry, rabbits which
are reported in thousands ('000).

Availability(Years/country/region)•

Conversion if any
required

Conversion may be required to take into account the production cycle within ayear. (e.g., seasonal variation, fattening, etc.)

Remarks

Most of the data from developing countries are on a highly aggregated basis.
(i.e., They do not differentiate age, gender, production system, etc.)

37•

Data availability: Available for all countries
Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards

5.5.2

Live-weight

Description

Live-weight of the livestock category disaggregated as feasible by gender(males/females/castrates),age(mature/growing),
purpose(dairy/breeding/draft-power) etc. and climate zone.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

Live-weight data should be collected for each animal sub-category, and the data
should be based on weight measurements of live animals.

Units in the IPCC
Guidelineskg2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2), Equations 10.3, 10.5, 10.6 & 10.7

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equations 4.1, 4.2b, 4.3a & 4.3b (Parameter ‘Weight’)1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual, Equations 1, 3, 6 & 7

FAO Dataset(s)Data on live-weight are available on request (by sending an e-mail to
Pierre.gerber@fao.org), but it is very likely that some countries’ data are more
complete because FAO data are based exclusively on public information.

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

Depend on the public information consulted by FAO, but in general it covers thelast 10 years.

Conversion if any
required

N.A.

Remarks

Slaughter-weight data are available from FAO. However they should not be
used in place of live-weight data as it fails to account for the complete weight of
the animal. Additionally, it should be noted that the relationship between liveweight and slaughter-weight varies with breed, body condition and production
system. For cattle, buffalo and mature sheep, the yearly average weight foreach animal category (e.g., mature beef cows) is needed.

38

5.5.3Mature-weight

Description

Mature-weight of the livestock category

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

The mature weight is the potential body weights of an adult animal were it toreach 28% body fat (NRC 1996).

Units in the IPCC
Guidelineskg2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2), Equation 10.6 (Parameter MW)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equation 4.3a (Parameter MW)

1996 IPCC Guidelines
FAO Dataset(s)Data on mature-weight are available on request (by sending an e-mail to
Pierre.gerber@fao.org), but it is very likely that some countries’ data are more
complete because FAO data are based exclusively on public information.

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Dimension in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

Depends on the public information consulted by FAO, but in general it covers
the last 10 years.

Conversion if any required

N.A.

Remarks

The mature weight will vary among breeds and should reflect the animal’s
weight when in moderate body condition. This is termed ‘reference weight’(ACC, 1990) or ‘final shrunk body weight’ (NRC, 1996). Estimates of mature
weight are typically available from livestock specialists and producers.

39

5.5.4

Average weight gain per day

Description

Average weight gain per day of the livestock category

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

No specific definition given either in GPG or 2006 IPCC Guidelines

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

kg/day2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2), Equations 10.6 & 10.7 (Parameters WG & WGlamb)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equations 4.3a, 4.3b, 4.5c (parameters WG & WGlamb)

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual, Equation 3 (Parameter WG)

FAO Dataset(s)Data on average weight gain are available on request (by sending an e-mail to
Pierre.gerber@fao.org), but it is very likely that some countries’ data are more
complete because FAO data are based exclusively on public information.

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

Depends on the public information consulted by FAO, but in general it covers
the last 10 years.

Conversion if any required

N.A.

Remarks

Data on average weight gain are generally collected for feedlot animals andyoung growing animals. Mature animals are generally assumed to have no net
weight gain or loss over an entire year.

40

5.5.5

Average daily milk production

Description

Average daily milk production for dairy animals (milking ewes, dairy cows andbuffalo).

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

The average daily production should be calculated by dividing the total annual
production by 365, or reported as average daily production along with days oflactation per year, or estimated using seasonal production divided by numberof days per season.

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Kg/day2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2), Equations 10.8 & 10.9 (Parameter ‘Milk’)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equation 4.5a & 4.5b

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual, Equation 4

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/

Features of the dataset
including definition

Annual milk production

Units in the dataset

tonne

Availability(Years/country/region)••

Conversion if any required

Annual/seasonal milk production in tonne has to be converted to daily milk
production based on the period of production (see ‘Remarks’ below).

Remarks

The average daily production data are for milking ewes, dairy cows andbuffalo and other cows or non-dairy buffalo nursing calves. If using seasonal
production data, the emission factor must be developed for that seasonal
period. FAO data do not include milk consumed by suckling young animals.

41

Data availability: Available for all countries
Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards

5.5.6

Fat content

Description

Average fat content of milk for lactating cows, buffalo, and sheep producing
milk for human consumption

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

No specific definition

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines%

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2), Equation 10.8 (Parameter ‘Fat’)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equation 4.5a (Parameter ‘Fat’)

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual, Equation 4 (Parameter ‘Fat’)

FAO Dataset(s)Data on fat content are available on request (by sending an e-mail to
Pierre.gerber@fao.org), but it is very likely that some countries’ data are more
complete because FAO data are based exclusively on public information.

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the datasets
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset%

Availability(Years/country/region)

Depend on the public information consulted by FAO, but in general it covers
the last 10 years.

Conversion if any required

N.A.

Remarks

NONE

42

5.5.7

Percent of females that give birth in a year

Description

Percent of females that give birth in a year for mature cattle, buffalo, andsheep.

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See “Description” above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines%

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2)[This parameter is not directly used in any specific equations, but it is used to
select the value for NEp which is used in Equation 10.16. (See page 10.20.)]

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4[This parameter is not directly used in any specificequations, but it is used to select the value for NEp which is used in Equation
4.9 (See page 4.19)]

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual[This parameter is not directly used in any
specific equations, but it is used to select the value for NEpregnancy which isused in Equation 13 (See page 4.21)]

FAO Dataset(s)Data on calving intervals and replacement rates (infertility) are available on
request (by sending an e-mail to Pierre.gerber@fao.org), but it is very likelythat some countries’ data are more complete because FAO data are based
exclusively on public information.

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

Depend on the public information consulted by FAO, but in general it covers
the last 10 years.

Conversion if any required

Data on calving intervals and replacement rates (infertility) can be used toestimate percent of females that give birth in a year:
F = (365/CI) * (100-i) ,Where F = percent of females that give birth in a year (%)
CI = calving intervals (days)
i= infertility (%), obtained from the percentage of culled cows per year

Remarks

43

NONE

5.5.8Wool production from sheep

Description

The amount of wool produced (after drying out but before scouring) per sheep

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See “Description” above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

kg/yr2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2), Equation 10.16

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equation 4.7

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual

FAO Dataset(s)No data available from FAO

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

N.A.

Conversion if any required

N.A.

Remarks

It should be noted that wool may be produced not only from sheep but also
from other fibre-producing animals (e.g., goat, llama, alpaca), although the
IPCC Guidelines refer only to sheep.

44

5.5.9Number of offspring

Description

Number of offspring for livestock species that have multiple births per year

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See ‘Description’ above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Number /year

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2) [This parameter is not directly used in any equations(See page 10.12).]GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4 [This parameter is not directly used in any equations.]

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual [This parameter is not directly used in any
equations.]

FAO Dataset(s)Data on number of offspring are available on request (by sending an e-mail to
Pierre.gerber@fao.org), but it is very likely that some countries’ data are more
complete because FAO data are based exclusively on public information.

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

Depend on the public information consulted by FAO, but in general it covers
the last 10 years.

Conversion if any required

N.A.

Remarks

NONE

45

5.5.10

Manure Management System Usage Data

Parameter

Manure management system usage

Description

The portion of manure managed in each manure management system foreach representative animal species

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See “Description” above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Fraction

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 10, Volume 4(2), Equations 10.25, 10.26, 10.28 & 10.34 (Parameter
MS(T,S,k))

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equation 4.17 & 4.18 (Parameter MS ijk )1996 Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual, Equation 16

FAO Dataset(s)Data based on best guesses are available on request (by sending an e-mail to
Pierre.gerber@fao.org). Guesses by FAO are built on, for example, theinformation found in national communications to the UNFCCC.

URL

N.A.

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

Depends on the public information consulted by FAO, but in general it covers
the last 10 years.

Conversion if any required

N.A.

Remarks

NONE

5.6

N2O Emissions from Managed Soils, and CO2 Emissions from Lime and Urea Application

The IPCC Guidelines provide methods for the estimation of direct and indirect 5 N2O from managed soils,
and CO2 emissions from application of lime and urea 6 to the soils. The activity data required for N2Oemission estimation is the amount of N input to the soil from synthetic N fertilizers, organic N (e.g. animal
manure, compost, sewage etc.), crop residue and N mineralization. The N input is obtained from annual
synthetic (mineral) fertilizer application data, the annual harvested dry matter yield, area harvested forvarious crops, area of crops burnt and some other parameters. The emissions from urea application require
the data on annual application of urea and lime.
Many FAO datasets like FAOSTAT contain such information but typically this information is not sufficiently
disaggregated as required for compiling GHG inventories using the IPCC Guidelines. Further, data on
liming is not collected by FAO as it is not considered a fertilizer.
The following gives a description of data requirement for this category and the relevant FAO datasets:
5 Indirect N2O emissions take place due to volatilization/re-deposition, leaching and runoff.
6 Methods provided only in 2006 IPCC Guidelines in AFOLU sector.

46

5.6.1

Applied synthetic fertilizer [or Applied mineral fertilizer – see the remark.]

Description

The annual amount of mineral Nitrogen (N) fertilizer, applied to soils
disaggregated as feasible by fertilizer type, crop-type and climatic regime formajor crops

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

Mass of nitrogen in synthetic fertiliser applied nationally in specific years

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

kg N/yr2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 11, Volume 4(2), Equations 11.1, 11.2, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11 (Parameter
FSN)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equations 4.20 and 4.21; GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3,
Equation 3.2.18 (Parameter FSN)

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual, Equation 1(Parameter FSN)

FAO Datasets

FAOSTAT

URL(s)

Definitions: http://faostat.fao.org/site/386/default.aspx
Data: http://faostat.fao.org/site/575/default.aspx#ancor

Features of the dataset
including definitions

Mineral fertilizers may be naturally occurring or manufactured (synthetic). The
FAOSTAT database does not make the distinction between the origin of thefertilizers and therefore includes both naturally occurring and manufactured(synthetic).

Units in the dataset

Total mass of chemical (tonnes/year)

Availability(Years/country/region)

2002-onwards, by country and by country aggregates

Conversion if any
required

See the units above

Remarks

It should be noted that the “synthetic fertilizers” used in the IPCC Guidelines
corresponds to “mineral fertilizers” defined by FAO and IFA (i.e., include thosefrom natural sources (e.g., potassium nitrates) and manufactured fertilizers(e.g., urea)).
•
•

•

47

Fertilizer consumption is often obtained from sales data.
Most data sources (including FAO) might limit reporting to agricultural N
uses, although applications may also occur on Forest Land, Settlements, orother uses this unaccounted N is likely to account for a small proportion of
the overall emissions.
Other relevant international dataset is statistics from International Fertilizer
Industry Association (IFA): http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/statistics.asp

5.6.2Harvested annual dry matter yield for different crops

Description

Harvested annual dry matter yield for different crop-types for major crops

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

No specific definitions

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

kg dry matter./ha

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 11, Volume 4(2), Equation 11.6 (Parameter Crop(T))

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG2000: Chapter 4, Equation 4.28 & 4.29 (Parameters CropO & CropBF )1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 4, Reference Manual, Equation 1(Parameters CropO & CropBF )FAO Dataset(s)FAO does not collect these data on total dry matter yield.

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

N.A.

Conversion if any
required

N.A.

Remarks

FAO has yield statistics for many crops that are reported as field-dry or fresh
weight. Inventory compilers can obtain annual dry matter yield from yieldstatistics with appropriate correction factors.

48

5.6.3

Total area harvested for different crops

Description

The annual area harvested for different crops by crop-type

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

In case of multiple cropping during the same year, ‘harvested area’ is equal to
the sum of the area cultivated for each cropping.

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

ha/yr2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 11, Volume 4(2), Equation 11.6 (Parameter A(T))

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

N.A.

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTAT

URL(s)

http://faostat.fao.org/

Features of the dataset
including definitions

Data refer to the area from which a crop is gathered. Area harvested, therefore,
excludes the area from which, although sown or planted there was no harvest
due to damage, failure, etc. It is usually net for temporary crops and gross forpermanent crops. Net area differs from gross area as the latter includes
uncultivated patches, footpaths, ditches, headlands, shoulders, shelterbelts, etc.
If the crop under consideration is harvested more than once during the year asa consequence of successive cropping (i.e., the same crop is sown or planted
more than once in the same field during the year), the area is counted as manytimes as harvested. On the contrary, area harvested will be recorded only oncein the case of successive gathering of the crop during the year from the same
standing crops.

Units in the dataset

ha/yr

Availability(Years/country/region)••

Conversion if any
required

See the ‘Features of the dataset including definitions’Remarks

NONE

49

Data availability: Available for all countries, regions and crops
Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards

5.6.4

Total annual area of crop burnt

Description

The annual area of crop burnt for different crops by crop-type

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description’’ above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

ha/yr2006 GL

Chapter 11, Volume 4(2), Equations 11.6, 11.7A (Parameter Areaburnt(T))

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

N.A.

1996 GLNA

FAO Dataset(s)FAO does not collect these data because this is a national practice that is not
uniformly done across countries.

URL(s)

N.A.

Features of the dataset

N.A.

Dimension in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

N.A.

Conversion if any
required

N.A.

Remarks

NONE

50

5.6.5

Total annual amount of limestone and dolomite applied to soils within a country

Description

Liming (e.g. the addition of calcic limestone (CaCO3), or dolomite (CaMg (CO3)2)
is used to reduce soil acidity and improve plant growth in managed systems,
particularly agricultural lands and managed forests. It is reported under LULUCF
sector in the 1996 IPCC GLs and GPG

Definition(s)See the “Description’ above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

tonnes/yr

2006 Guidelines

Chapter 11, Volume 4(2), Equation 11.12 (Parameters M dolomite /Mlimestone)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Equation 3.3.6

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Volume

FAO Dataset(s)FAO does not collect these data because these are not considered as
fertilizers.

URL(s)N.A.

Definition in the dataset

N.A.

Units in the dataset

N.A.

Availability(Years/country/region)

N.A.

Conversion if any
required

N.A.

Remarks

N.A.

51

5.6.6

Annual amount of urea fertilization in the country

Description

Total amount of urea applied annually to a soil in the country

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” field above

Units in Guidelines

Tonne/yr

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 11, Volume 4(2), Equation 11.13 (Parameter M)

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

N.A.

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTAT

URL(s)

http://faostat.fao.org/

Features of the dataset
including definitions

Urea, CO (NH2) 2, is produced from synthetic ammonia and carbon dioxide(CO2) and contains 46% nitrogen in carbamide form. Urea may be in granular,
prilled or crystalline form.

Units in the dataset

Tonne/yr

Availability(Years/country/region)•

Conversion if any
required

NONE

Remarks

Please note that the two series in the archive and in the fertilizers actual domain
are not comparable.

5.7•

Urea consumption in Metric Tons of nutrients is available for 1961-2002 in
the archive at: http://faostat.fao.org/site/422/default.aspx#ancor.
Urea consumption in Metric Tons of products is available for 2002onwards at: http://faostat.fao.org/site/575/default.aspx#ancor

Harvested Wood Products

There are several different accounting approaches for estimation of the Harvested Wood Products
contribution to the annual AFOLU emissions/removals (HWP contribution). The 2006 IPCC Guidelines give
guidance on estimation of the variables required for using any of these approaches. The main datarequirements for estimation of these parameters using the methods given in the Guidelines are: a) the dataon production of solid wood products and paper and pulp from 1900 onwards; and b) data on import andexport of the solid wood and pulp and paper products from 1900 onwards.
FAOSTAT gives these data from 1961 onwards. Data from 1900 to 1961 are estimated by extrapolation
using the method given in the IPCC Guidelines.
The main data requirement and the relevant FAO datasets for HWP are described below.

525.7.1

Annual production of solid wood products (other industrial round wood, sawn wood,
wood panels) in the country

Description

Annual production of solid wood products (other industrial round wood, sawn
wood, wood panels) in the country

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” field above

Units in Guidelines

Gg (1000 tonnes)

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 12, Volume 4(2), Equations 12.2 and 12.3

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Appendix 3a.1

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTAT

URL(s)

http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Features of the datasets
including definitions

Available at:

Dimension in the dataset

m3

Availability(Years/country/region)

Available from 1961 onwards for all countries and regions

Conversion if any required

In all cases data need to be converted from m3 to Gg. For other industrial
round-wood it is necessary to convert volume underbark to volume overbark

Remarks

NONE

5.7.2

http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Annual Production of paper, paperboard and other fibre pulp in the country

Description

Annual Production of paper, paperboard and other fibre pulp in the country

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” field above

Units in Guidelines

Gg (1000 tonnes)

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 12, Volume 4(2), Equations 12.2 and 12.3

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Appendix 3a.1

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTAT

URL(s)

http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Features of the datasets
including definitions

Available at: http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Units in the dataset

TonnesAvailability(Years/country/region)

from 1961 onwards / all countries and regions

Conversion if any required

Data need to be converted from tonnes to Gg.by dividing by 1000.

Remarks

NONE

53

5.7.3

Annual imports and exports of solid wood products (other industrial roundwood,
sawnwood, wood panels etc.)

Description

Annual imports and exports of solid wood products (other industrial
roundwood, sawnwood, wood panels etc.)

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” field above

Units in Guidelines

Gg (1000 tonnes)

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 12, Volume 4(2), Equations 12.2, 12.3, 12.4 and 12.5

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Appendix 3a.1

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTAT

URL(s)

http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Features of the datasets
including definitions

Available at:Units in the datasets

m3 (quantity) and US$ (value)

Availability(Years/country/region)•

Conversion if any required

In all cases data need to be converted from m3 to Gg. For other industrial
roundwood it is necessary to convert volume(underbark) to volume(overbark).

Remarks

NONE

5.7.4

http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor•

Data available from 1961 onwards for all countries and regions
Data on other industrial roundwood are available up to 1989

Annual imports and exports other fibre pulp, chips and particles

Description

Annual imports and exports other fibre pulp, chips and particles

Definition(s) in the IPCC
Guidelines

See the “Description” field above

Units in Guidelines

Gg (1000 tonnes)

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 12, Volume 4(2), Equations 12.2, 12.3, 12.4 and 12.5

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3, Appendix 3a.1

1996 IPCC Guidelines

N.A.

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTAT

URL(s)

http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Definition in the dataset

Available at: http://faostat.fao.org/site/626/default.aspx#ancor

Units in the dataset

m3 (quantity) for chips and particles, metric ton (quantity) for other fibre pulp

Availability(Years/country/region)

from 1961 onwards for all countries and regions

Conversion if any required

Volume for chips and particles need to be converted from m3 to Gg.

Remarks

NONE

54

5.8

Waste Sector Data

2006 IPCC Guidelines provide a methodology for estimating N2O emissions from wastewater treatment
effluent that is discharged into aquatic environments. The activity data that are needed for estimating N2Oemissions are nitrogen content in the wastewater effluent, country population and average annual per capita
protein generation (kg/person/yr). Per capita protein generation consists of intake (consumption) which isavailable from the FAO, multiplied by factors to account for additional ‘non-consumed’ protein and forindustrial protein discharged into the sewer system.
The main data requirement and the relevant FAO datasets for HWP are described below.
5.8.1

Annual per capita protein consumption

Description

Annual per capita protein consumption

Definition

See the “Description” field above

Units in Guidelines

kg/person/yr

2006 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 6, Volume 5, Equation 6.8

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

N.A.

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 6, Reference Manual, Equation 15

FAO Dataset(s)FAOSTATURL

http://faostat.fao.org/

Features of the dataset
including definitions

N.A.

Units in the dataset

g/person/day

Availability(Years/country/region)•

Conversion if any
required

Conversion is required to convert the FAO data given in gram/person/year tokilogram/person/year.

Remarks

NONE

55

Data available from 1961 onwards for all countries and regions

6. PROPOSED REFINEMENTS TO DATA COLLECTION EFFORTS BY FAO
FAO datasets are some of the best international datasets for AFOLU sector GHG inventories. However
there are certain information gaps and harmonization needs that should be addressed to make them morecompatible with the data requirements of AFOLU GHG inventories. The IPCC-FAO-IFAD Expert Meeting on
FAO data for AFOLU/LULUCF came up with many suggestions regarding the FAO data collection efforts
that could be summarized as follows:
6.1

Harmonization of IPCC and FAO definitions and categories

The reporting categories and definitions used in FAO datasets sometimes are not the same as those in
IPCC Guidelines. This document identifies, under the appropriate parameter, where there are significant
definitional and categorisation differences between the FAO datasets and the IPCC Guidelines. While, froman inventory compilers point of view, it is desirable to have common definitions or reporting categories as far
as possible, in some cases it is not possible to do so. In these cases, it would be useful to provide additional
information in the FAO datasets to make them easy to interpret in terms of the definitions followed in the
IPCC Guidelines. In cases where it is possible, it would also be very helpful to users if the FAO datacollection efforts could try and address these differences.
6.2

Coverage and disaggregation of information

The FAO datasets for land use and land use change such as FRA and FAOSTAT contain a wealth of
information on area and various parameters for the different land use categories. There are several areas
however where they could be made more useful for GHG inventory compilation by collecting additional
information at suitable disaggregation.
For the data relating to land use and land use change, the FAO datasets like FRA do not separately contain
information on managed land. They also do not generally have disaggregated information for several
parameters such as wood removals (e.g. industrial round-wood, fuel wood etc.) by land use categories (e.g.
forestland, cropland etc.). Further, they also do not have sufficient information on land use conversions toderive a land use change matrix. It will be extremely useful if the FAO datasets include the following
information:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

56

Separate information for managed land
Disaggregated information on the source of wood removals (industrial round wood and fuelwood) byland use categories
Information on land use conversions to develop land use change matrices
Data on area and biomass lost from disturbances by different land use categories
Data on preceding land use and time since afforestation of planted forests
Data on the area of natural expansion of forest land
Data on area and biomass of crop residues and grasslands burnt and burning in different land use
categories
Data on area under perennial crops and annually planted and harvested cropland areas at a moredisaggregated level suitable for preparing good practice inventories
Data on area of histosols under cultivation
Data on managed wetlands and settlements

For some aggregate source categories such as livestock and emissions from soils etc., the major issues arelack of information or sufficiently disaggregated information on several key parameters such as:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Information on annual-average livestock population at a more disaggregated level suitable for preparing
good practice inventories
Data on the live weights of livestock
Data on various livestock parameters such as annual weight gain, number of offspring, percentage ofpregnant livestock, annual wool production, fat content of milk etc.
Information on manure management systems
Information on livestock feeding systems
Data on application of limestone and dolomite

Apart from these, uncertainty or the confidence level of the data will be very valuable information for
inventory compilation.
6.3

Improvement in presentation and access to information

Most of the FAO datasets are very easily accessible through their websites. However, a few general
problems were encountered in accessing and using FAO datasets such as: a) multiplicity of datasets on thesame topic and the variations and occasional inconsistencies in the data categories and collection
processes among different datasets; and b) the large amount of data that is in the form of
unpublished/offline documents. The main suggestions for improvement in this area were:••57

Making all the unpublished/offline data directly available through the internet
Preparation of a webpage (one-stop website) listing all the data available for inventory compilation with
the information on how they can be accessed.

Annex 1.

Major climate zones

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), Ch.3

58

Annex 2.

Classification scheme for default climate regions

Figure 3A.5.2
Classification scheme for default climate regions. The classification is based onelevation, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual precipitation topotential evapotransporation ratio (MAP:PET), and frost occurrence.

MAT >18?
and = 7 days offrost /year?

Start

No

MAT > 10? ?

Yes

Yes

TropicalMontaneTropical Wet

Tropical
Moist

Yes

Yes

Warm
Temperate
Moist

Elevation>1000m?

Yes

No

No

MAP >
2000mm?

Warm
Temperate
Dry

No

MAT
>0? ?

MAP =
2000mm and> 1000mm?

Yes
No
MAP:PET>1?

No

Polar Moist

Cool
Temperate
Dry

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Cool
Temperate
Moist

No

Tropical Dry

MAP:PET>1?

MAP:PET>1?

Yes

All Months
Average <10? ?

No

Boreal Moist
Yes

MAP:PET
>1?

No

No

Polar Dry

Boreal Dry

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), Ch.3

59

Annex 3.
Classification scheme for mineral soil types based on USDA
taxonomy
Figure 3A.5.3

Classification scheme for mineral soil types based on USDA taxonomy

Greaterthan 70% sandand less than 8%
clay?

Start

Yes

Sandy Soils

Yes

Wetland Soils

Yes

Volcanic
Soils

Yes

Spodic Soils

No

Aquic
Soil?

No

Andisols?

No

Spodisols?

No

Low Activity
Clay Soils

No

Mollisols,
Vertisols, High-basestatus, Alfisols, Aridisols,
Inceptisols?

YesHigh Activity
Clay Soils

Source: 2006 IPCC Guideline, Vol.4 (1), Ch.3

60

Annex 4.
Classification scheme for mineral soil types based on WRB
classification
Figure 3A.5.4
Classification scheme for mineral soil types based on World Reference Base for Soil
Resources (WRB) classification.

Greaterthan 70% sandand less than 8%
clay?

Start

Yes

Sandy Soils

No

Gleysols?

Yes

Wetland Soils

Yes

Volcanic
Soils

Yes

Spodic Soils

No

Andisols?

No

Podzols?

No

Low Activity
Clay Soils

No

Leptosols,
Vertisols, Kastanozems,
Chernozems, Phaeozems,
Luvisols, Alisols, Albeluvisols, Solonetz,
Calcisols, Gypsisols,
Umbrisols, Cambisols,
Regosols?

YesHigh Activity
Clay Soils

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), Ch.3

61

Annex 5.

Global ecological zones

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), Ch.4

62

Classification scheme for cropland management systems

Annex 6.

Figure 5.1
Classification scheme for cropland systems. In order to classify cropland management
systems, the inventory compiler should start at the top and proceed through the diagram answering
questions (move across branches if answer is yes) until reaching a terminal point on the diagram. The
classification diagram is consistent with default stock change factors in Table 5.5. C input classes (i.e., low,
medium, high and high with organic amendment) are further subdivided by tillage practice.

Continuous
perennial crops (e.g., fruits,coffee and nuts)?

Start

Yes

Perennial
Crop

Low C
input
No

No

Rice
Cultivation

Long term
paddy rice or irrigatedrice in rotation(>20 yrs)?

Yes

Low C
input

No

No
Practiceincreasing C
input3?

Medium C
input

Yes
No

Yes
Annualcrop with no N mineral
fertilization or N-fixing
crop?

High C
input
with organic
amendment

Yes

Annualcrop with residues
removed orburned1?

Yes

Organic
amendment?

No

Yes

Annualcrop with low residue2
or rotation with barefallow?

Medium C
input

Practiceincreasing C
input4?

No

Low C
input

Yes

Medium C
input

No
Annualcrop with organic
amendment?

Yes
Set-aside

No

Annualcrop with practiceincreasing C
input4?

Yes

High C
input

No
No

Non-croplandsystems (e.g.,
Forest land,
Grassland)

Yes

Converted
into another managed
land use?

Yes

Converted
into continuous perennial
cover5?
No

Medium C
input

Note:
1: Does not typically include grazing of residues in the field.
2: e.g. cotton, vegetables and tobacco.
3: Practices that increase C input above the amount typically generated by the low residues yielding varieties such as using organic
amendments, cover crops/green manures, and mixed crop/grass systems.
4: Practices that increase C input by enhancing residue production, such as using irrigation, cover crops/green manures, vegetated fallows,
high residue yielding crops, and mixed crop/grass systems.
5 Perennial cover without frequent harvest.
Note: Only consider practices, such as irrigation, residue burning/removal, mineral fertilizers, N-fixing crops, organic amendment, covercrops/green manures, low residue crop, or fallow, if used in at least 1/3 of cropping rotation sequence.

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), 5

63Annex 7.

Classification scheme for grassland management systems

Figure 6.1
Classification scheme for grassland/grazing systems. In order to classify grassland
management systems, the inventory compiler should start at the top and proceed through the diagram
answering questions (move across branches if answer is yes) until reaching a terminal point on the
diagram. The classification diagram is consistent with default stock change factors in Table 6.2.
Start

Is thegrassland/grazing
systems1 degraded2
relative to native
condition?

Yes

Severedamage tovegetation andsoils?

No

Moderately
degraded

Yes

Improved-High
Input

Yes

SeverelydegradedNo

Productivity
greater than native due
to improvements3?

Yes

Multiple
improvement?

No

No

Nominal/Native

Improved-Medium
Input

Note:
1: Includes continuous pasture, hay lands and rangelands.
2: Degradation is equated with C input to the soil relative to native conditions, which may be caused by long-term heavy grazing or planting
less productive plants relative to native vegetation.
3: Productivity refers explicitly to C input to soil (management improvements that increase input e.g., fertilization, organic amendment,
irrigation, planting more productive varieties, liming, and seeding legumes).

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), Ch.6

64

Perennial cropland categories

Annex 8.

TABLE 5.4
EXAMPLES OF PERENNIAL CROPLAND SUBCATEGORIES WHICH A COUNTRY MAY HAVE
Broad subcategories

Specific subcategories

Fruit orchards

Mango, Citrus, Apple

Plantation crops

Rubber, Coconut, Oil palm, Coffee, Cacao

Agroforestry systems

Hedgerow cropping (alley cropping), Improved fallow, Multi-storey
systems, Home gardens, Boundary planting, Windbreaks

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (1), Ch.5

65

Annex 9.

Representative livestock categories
TABLE 10.1
REPRESENTATIVE LIVESTOCK CATEGORIES1,2

Main categories
Mature Dairy Cow or Mature Dairy
Buffalo

Subcategories••

Other Mature Cattle or Mature Non-dairy
BuffaloHigh-producing cows that have calved at least once and are used principally for milk
production
Low-producing cows that have calved at least once and are used principally for milk
production

Females:• Cows used to produce offspring for meat
• Cows used for more than one production purpose: milk, meat, draft
Males:••

Bulls used principally for breeding purposes
Bullocks used principally for draft power

Growing Cattle or Growing Buffalo

•
•
•
•

Calves pre-weaning
Replacement dairy heifers
Growing / fattening cattle or buffalo post-weaning
Feedlot-fed cattle on diets containing > 90 % concentrates

Mature Ewes•

Breeding ewes for production of offspring and wool production•

Milking ewes where commercial milk production is the primary purpose

Other Mature Sheep (>1 year)•

No further sub-categorisation recommended

Growing Lambs•••

Intact males
Castrates
Females1.

Mature Swine•••

Sows in gestation
Sows which have farrowed and are nursing young
Boars that are used for breeding purposes2.

Growing Swine

3.

Chickens•

Nursery•••

Finishing
Gilts that will be used for breeding purposes
Growing boars that will be used for breeding purposes••

Broiler chickens grown for producing meat
Layer chickens for producing eggs, where manure is managed in dry systems (e.g.,high-rise houses)
Layer chickens for producing eggs, where manure is managed in wet systems (e.g.,lagoons)•

4.

Turkeys•

Chickens under free-range conditions for egg or meat production••

Breeding turkeys in confinement systems
Turkeys grown for producing meat in confinement systems•

Turkeys under free-range conditions for meat production

5.

Ducks

•
•

Breeding ducks
Ducks grown for producing meat

6.

Others (for example)•

Camels

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Mules and Asses
Llamas, Alpacas
Fur bearing animals
Rabbits
Horses
Deer
OstrichGeese

1

Source IPCC Expert Group

2

Emissions should only be considered for livestock species used to produce food, fodder or raw materials used for industrial processes.

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol.4 (2), Ch. 1066Annex 10.
Definitions of selected variables used in the Global Forest
Resources Assessment 2010
Extent of forest and other wooded land
FORESTLand spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10
percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under
agricultural or urban land use.
Explanatory notes
Forest is determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses. The trees should be
able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters in situ.
Includes areas with young trees that have not yet reached but which are expected to reach a canopy cover of 10 percent
and tree height of 5 meters. It also includes areas that are temporarily unstocked due to clear-cutting as part of a forest
management practice or natural disasters, and which are expected to be regenerated within 5 years. Local conditions may,in exceptional cases, justify that a longer time frame is used.
Includes forest roads, firebreaks and other small open areas; forest in national parks, nature reserves and other protectedareas such as those of specific environmental, scientific, historical, cultural or spiritual interest.
Includes windbreaks, shelterbelts and corridors of trees with an area of more than 0.5 hectares and width of more than 20
meters.
Includes abandoned shifting cultivation land with a regeneration of trees that have, or is expected to reach, a canopy coverof 10 percent and tree height of 5 meters.
Includes areas with mangroves in tidal zones, regardless whether this area is classified as land area or not.
Includes rubber-wood, cork oak and Christmas tree plantations.
Includes areas with bamboo and palms provided that land use, height and canopy cover criteria are met.
Excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems, such as fruit tree plantations, oil palm plantations and agroforestry
systems when crops are grown under tree cover. Note: Some agroforestry systems such as the “Taungya” system wherecrops are grown only during the first years of the forest rotation should be classified as forest.

OTHER WOODED LAND
Land not classified as Forest, spanning more than 0.5 hectares; with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy
cover of 5-10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ; or with a combined cover of shrubs, bushes
and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use.
Explanatory notes
The definition above has two options:
The canopy cover of trees is between 5 and 10 percent; trees should be higher than 5 meters or able to reach 5 meters in
situ.
orThe canopy cover of trees is less than 5 percent but the combined cover of shrubs, bushes and trees is more than 10
percent. Includes areas of shrubs and bushes where no trees are present.
Includes areas with trees that will not reach a height of 5 meters in situ and with a canopy cover of 10 percent or more, e.g.
some alpine tree vegetation types, arid zone mangroves, etc.
Includes areas with bamboo and palms provided that land use, height and canopy cover criteria are met.

67

OTHER LAND
All land that is not classified as Forest or Other wooded land.
Explanatory notes
Includes agricultural land, meadows and pastures, built-up areas, barren land, land under permanent ice, etc.
Includes all areas classified under the sub-category “Other land with tree cover”.

OTHER LAND WITH TREE COVER (sub-category of OTHER LAND)
Land classified as Other land, spanning more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent oftrees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity.
Explanatory notes
The difference between Forest and Other land with tree cover is the land use criteria.
Includes groups of trees and scattered trees in agricultural landscapes, parks, gardens and around buildings, provided thatarea, height and canopy cover criteria are met.
Includes tree stands in agricultural production systems, for example in fruit tree plantations and agroforestry systems whencrops are grown under tree cover. Also includes tree plantations established mainly for other purposes than wood, such as
oil palm plantations.
Excludes scattered trees with a canopy cover less than 10 percent, small groups of trees covering less than 0.5 hectares
and tree lines less than 20 meters wide.

68Forest designation and management
FOREST AREA WITHIN PROTECTED AREAS
Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the purpose for which the protectedareas were established.
Explanatory notes
Includes IUCN Categories I – IV
Excludes IUCN Categories V-VI

FOREST AREA UNDER SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
To be defined and documented by the country.
Countries should apply their own national definition or description of sustainable forest management anddocument in the country report the definition, criteria and process applied for estimating the area undersustainable forest management.
If no national definition or criteria exist, countries may use the following (ITTO, 2006):
Forest areas that fulfil any of the following conditions:have been independently certified or in which progress towards certification is being made;have fully developed, long-term (ten years or more) forest management plans with firm information that theseplans are being implemented effectively;
are considered as model forest units in their country and information is available on the quality of management;
are community-based forest management units with secure tenure for which the quality of management is known
to be of high standard;
are protected areas with secure boundaries and a management plan that are generally considered in the country
and by other observers to be well managed and that are not under significant threat from destructive agents.
FOREST AREA WITH MANAGEMENT PLAN
Forest area that has a long-term (ten years or more) documented management plan, aiming at definedmanagement goals, which is periodically revised.
Explanatory notes
A forest area with management plan may refer to forest management unit level or aggregated forest management unit level(forest blocks, farms, enterprises, watersheds, municipalities, or wider units).
A management plan may include details on operations planned for individual operational units (stands or compartments) but
may also be limited to provide general strategies and activities planned to reach the management goals.
Includes forest area in protected areas with management plan.

69Forest Characteristics
NATURALLY REGENERATED FOREST
Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration.
Explanatory notes
In this context, predominantly means that the trees established through natural regeneration are expected to constitute morethan 50% of the growing stock at maturity.
Includes coppice from trees established through natural regeneration.
Includes naturally regenerated trees of introduced species.

PRIMARY FOREST
Naturally regenerated forest of native species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities
and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed.
Explanatory notes
Some key characteristics of primary forests are:they show natural forest dynamics, such as natural tree species composition, occurrence of dead wood, natural age
structure and natural regeneration processes;
the area is large enough to maintain its natural characteristics;
there has been no known significant human intervention or the last significant human intervention was long enough ago tohave allowed the natural species composition and processes to have become re-established.

OTHER NATURALLY REGENERATED FOREST
Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities.
Explanatory notes
Includes selectively logged-over areas, areas regenerating following agricultural land use, areas recovering from humaninduced fires, etc.
Includes forests where it is not possible to distinguish whether planted or naturally regenerated.
Includes forests with a mix of naturally regenerated trees and planted/seeded trees, and where the naturally regenerated
trees are expected to constitute more than 50% of the growing stock at stand maturity.

PLANTED FOREST
Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding.
Explanatory notes
In this context, predominantly means that the planted/seeded trees are expected to constitute more than 50% of the growing
stock at maturity.
Includes coppice from trees that were originally planted or seeded.
Excludes self-sown trees of introduced species.

RUBBER PLANTATIONSForest area with rubber tree plantations.
MANGROVES
Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation.
BAMBOOArea of forest and other wooded land with predominant bamboo vegetation.

70Forest establishment and reforestation
AFFORESTATION
Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was not classified asforest.
Explanatory note
Implies a transformation of land use from non-forest to forest.

REFORESTATION
Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land classified as forest.
Explanatory notes
Implies no change of land use.
Includes planting/seeding of temporarily unstocked forest areas as well as planting/seeding of areas with forest cover.
Includes coppice from trees that were originally planted or seeded.
Excludes natural regeneration of forest.

NATURAL EXPANSION OF FOREST
Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, was under another land use (e.g. forest
succession on land previously used for agriculture).
Explanatory note
Implies a transformation of land use from non-forest to forest.

71

Growing stock
GROWING STOCK
Volume over bark of all living trees more than X cm in diameter at breast height (or above buttress if these arehigher). Includes the stem from ground level or stump height up to a top diameter of Y cm, and may also include
branches to a minimum diameter of W cm.
Explanatory notes
Countries must indicate the three thresholds (X, Y, W in cm) and the parts of the tree that are not included in the volume.
They must also indicate whether the reported figures refer to volume above ground or above stump. These specifications
should be applied consistently through the time series.
Includes windfallen living trees.
Excludes smaller branches, twigs, foliage, flowers, seeds, and roots.

GROWING STOCK OF COMMERCIAL SPECIES
Growing stock (see def. above) of commercial species.
Explanatory notes
Commercial species are all species that currently are being commercialized for domestic and/or international markets.
Includes all trees of commercial species within the threshold limits given for growing stock, regardless whether they havereached commercial dimensions or not.

Biomass stock
ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASSAll living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage.
Explanatory note
In cases where forest understorey is a relatively small component of the aboveground biomass carbon pool, it is acceptable
to exclude it, provided this is done in a consistent manner throughout the inventory time series.

BELOW-GROUND BIOMASSAll biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be
distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter.
Explanatory notes
Includes the below-ground part of the stump.
The country may use another threshold value than 2 mm for fine roots, but in such a case the threshold value used must be
documented.

DEAD WOOD
All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil. Deadwood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots, and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or
any other diameter used by the country.
Explanatory note
The country may use another threshold value than 10 cm, but in such a case the threshold value used must be documented.

72

Carbon stock
CARBON IN ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS
Carbon in all living biomass above the soil, including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage.
Explanatory note
In cases where forest understorey is a relatively small component of the aboveground biomass carbon pool, it is acceptable
to exclude it, provided this is done in a consistent manner throughout the time series.

CARBON IN BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS
Carbon in all biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded, because these often
cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter.
Explanatory notes
Includes the below-ground part of the stump.
The country may use another threshold value than 2 mm for fine roots, but in such a case the threshold value used must be
documented.

CARBON IN DEAD WOOD
Carbon in all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground, or in thesoil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots, and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm indiameter or any other diameter used by the country.
Explanatory note
The country may use another threshold value than 10 cm, but in such a case the threshold value used must be documented.

CARBON IN LITTER
Carbon in all non-living biomass with a diameter less than the minimum diameter for dead wood (e.g. 10 cm),lying dead in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil.
Explanatory note
Fine roots of less than 2 mm (or other value chosen by the country as diameter limit for below-ground biomass) above themineral or organic soil are included in the litter where they cannot be distinguished from it empirically.

SOIL CARBON
Organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a specified depth chosen by the country andapplied consistently through the time series.
Explanatory note
Fine roots of less than 2 mm (or other value chosen by the country as diameter limit for below-ground biomass) are included
with soil organic matter where they cannot be distinguished from it empirically.

73

Forest fires
NUMBER OF FIRES
Number of vegetation fires per year.
AREA AFFECTED BY FIRE
Area affected by vegetation fires per year.
VEGETATION FIRE (supplementary term)
Any vegetation fire regardless of ignition source, damage or benefit.
WILDFIRE
Any unplanned and/or uncontrolled vegetation fire.
Explanatory notes
Includes management-ignited vegetation fires that exceed the restrictions in the fire plan and require suppression actions.
Excludes unplanned vegetation fires that burn in accordance with management objectives.

PLANNED FIRE
A vegetation fire regardless of ignition source that burns according to management objectives and requires
limited or no suppression action.
Explanatory notes
Includes unplanned vegetation fires that burn in accordance with management objectives (e.g. “let burn”) and therefore notsubject to suppression measures.
Excludes management-ignited vegetation fires that exceed the restrictions in the fire plan.

Other disturbances affecting forest health and vitality
DISTURBANCE
Damage caused by any factor (biotic or abiotic) that adversely affects the vigour and productivity of the forest andwhich is not a direct result of human activities.
Explanatory note
For the purpose of this reporting table, disturbances exclude forest fires as these are reported on in a separate table.

DISTURBANCE BY INSECTS
Disturbance caused by insect pests.
DISTURBANCE BY DISEASESDisturbance caused by diseases attributable to pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, phytoplasma or virus.
DISTURBANCES BY OTHER BIOTIC AGENTS
Disturbance caused by biotic agents other than insects or diseases, such as wildlife browsing, grazing, physicaldamage by animals, etc.
DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY ABIOTIC FACTORSDisturbances caused by abiotic factors, such as air pollution, snow, storm, drought, etc.

74

Additional terms and definitions
FOREST MANAGEMENT
The processes of planning and implementing practices for the stewardship and use of forests and other wooded
land aimed at achieving specific environmental, economic, social and /or cultural objectives.
Explanatory note
Includes management at all scales such as normative, strategic, tactical and operational level management.

SHRUB
Woody perennial plant, generally more than 0.5 meters and less than 5 meters in height at maturity and without adefinite crown. The height limits for trees and shrubs should be interpreted with flexibility, particularly theminimum tree and maximum shrub height, which may vary between 5 meters and 7 meters.
TREE
A woody perennial with a single main stem, or in the case of coppice with several stems, having a more or lessdefinite crown.
Explanatory note
Includes bamboos, palms, and other woody plants meeting the above criteria.

75Annex 11.

Other international datasets relevant to AFOLU inventories

The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe(UNECE) forestry databases for European countries:o http://w3.unece.org/pxweb/DATABASE/STAT/Timber.stat.asp
United Nations Enironment Programme(UNEP) database on global burnt area:o http://www.grid.unep.ch/
European Forest Institute(EFI) databases on forestry for European countries:o http://www.efi.int/
Joint Research Centre(JRC) of the European Commission databases pertaining to AFOLU for European
countries:• Allometric, Biomass and Carbon factors Database:o http://afoludata.jrc.ec.europa.eu/DS_Free/abc_intro.cfm• Biomass Compartments:o http://afoludata.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php/public_area/biomass_compartments• Tree Species Distribution for Europe:o http://afoludata.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php/public_area/tree_species_distribution• European Forest Yield Tables:o http://afoludata.jrc.ec.europa.eu/DS_Free/YT_intro.cfm• National European Forest Inventories:o http://fi.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Frameset.cfm• European Forest Fire information System:o http://effis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/• European Soils Datasets:o http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) database on international fertilizer statistics:o http://www.fertilizer.org/ifa/statistics.asp
International Rice Research Institute(IRRI) database on rice statistics:o www.irri.org
Data on peat production:• World Energy Council Survey of Energy Resources:o http://www.worldenergy.org/publications/survey_of_energy_resources_2007/default.asp• United States Geological Survey:o http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/peat/• International Peat Society:o www.peatsociety.org• International Mire Conservation Group:o http://www.imcg.net
Data on area of wetlands:••

International Commission on Large Dams(ICOLD) publications on flooded land area accessible at:
o http://www.icold-cigb.net/
Wetlands International:o www.wetlands.org

Some data on cereal yield, fertilizer consumption and cropland is also available at•76

World Bank statistics website :o http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/

Annex 12.

References

IPCC (1997). Houghton J.T., Meira Filho L.G., Lim B., Treanton K., Mamaty I., Bonduki Y., Griggs D.J., andCallander B.A.(Eds). Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
IPCC/OECD/IEA, Paris, France.
IPCC(2000). Penman J., Kruger D., Galbally I., Hiraishi T., Nyenzi B., Emmanuel S., Buendia L., HoppausR., Martinsen T., Meijer J., Miwa K., and Tanabe K.(Eds) Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty
Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. IPCC/OECD/IEA/IGES, Hayama, Japan.
IPCC (2003). Penman J., Gytarsky M., Hiraishi T., Krug T., Kruger D.,Pipatti R., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara
T., Tanabe K. and Wagner F.(Eds.). Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land Use Change andForestry, IPCC/IGES, Hayama, Japan.
IPCC(2006). Penman J., Gytarsky M., Hiraishi T., Krug T., Irving W., Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K.,
Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (Eds.). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
IPCC/IGES, Hayama, Japan.

77Annex 13.

Meeting Participants

IFAD PARTICIPANTS
Via Paolo di Dono 44
00142 Rome, Italy

Walter Kollert, Forestry Officer, planted forests
database,
Room
D470,
Ext.
53834,walter.kollert@fao.org

Global Environment and Climate Change Unit
(GECC)
Elwyn Grainger-Jones
Executive Co-ordinator
Tel.: +39 0654592151
Fax: + 39 0654593151,
E-mail: e.grainger-jones@ifad.org

Marco Piazza, Consultant, National Forest
Monitoring and Assessment, Room D475, Ext.
53471, marco.piazza@fao.org

External Affairs Department
Vera P. Weill-Hallé
Senior Advisor for Innovative Financing
Tel.: +39 06 54592706
Fax.: + 39 06 54593706
E-mail: v.weillhalle@ifad.org
FAO PARTICIPANTS
Viale Delle Terme Di Caracalla
00153 Rome, Italy
Statistics Division
Robert Mayo, Senior Statistician, Room C436, Ext.
54105, Robert.mayo@fao.org
Forest Conservation Service (FOMC)
Susan Braatz, Senior Forestry Officer, Room D464,
Ext. 54318, susan.braatz@fao.org
Jesper Tranberg, Associate Professional Officer,
Room C484, Ext. 54420, jesper.tranberg@fao.org
Forest Assessment and Reporting Service(FOIM)
LarsGunnar Marklund, Forestry Officer, RoomC380, Ext. 53255, larsgunnar.marklund@fao.org
Arvydas Lebedys, Forestry Officer, Room C370,
Ext. 53641 arvydas.lebedys@fao.org
Forest Resources and Development Service(FOMR)
Mikko Leppanen, Programme Coordinator, Room
D404, Ext. 52098, mikko.leppanen@fao.org
Alberto Del Lungo Forestry Officer, planted forests
database,
Room
C359,
Ext.
53889,
albert.dellungo@fao.org
78

Grassland and Pasture Crops Group (AGPC)
RicardoVillani,consultant,ricarvil@tin.it;
villani@sssup.it
Seed and Plant Genetic Resources Service(AGPS)
Wolfgang Prante, Information Management Officer,
Room B707, Ext. 55085, Wolfgang.prante@fao.org
Livestock Information, Sector Analysis andPolicy Branch (AGAL)
Pierre Gerber, Livestock Policy Officer, Room
C537, Ext. 56217, pierre.gerber@fao.org
Theun Vellinga, Agronomy/agricultural science,
Room C536, Ext. 52095, theun.vellinga@fao.org
Land and Water Division
Freddy Nachtergaele, Senior Officer, Room B706,
Ext. 54888, Freddy.nachtergaele@fao.org
Environment, Climate Change and Bioenergy
Division
Peter Holmgren, Director,
Room B512, Ext. 52714, peter.holmgren@fao.org
Renato Cumani, Environment Officer, Room F818,
Ext. 56359, Renato.cumani@fao.org
Kailash Govil, Environmental Expert, Room B516B,
Ext. 52218, Kailash.govil@fao.org
Hideki Kanamaru, Associate Professional Officer,
Room C870, Ext. 56809, hideki.konamaru@fao.org
Reuben Sessa, Natural Resources Officer,
B515bis, Ext. 56519, reuben.sassa@fao.org

IPCC PARTICIPANTS

Japan

Argentina

Yasumasa Hirata
Team Leader of Forest Environmental Monitoring,Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1
Matsunosato, 305-8687, Tsukuba, Japan.
Phone: 9091
Fax : 4620
Email: hirat09@affrc.go.jp

Héctor Ginzo
LULUCF Advisor, DIGMA-Ministerio de Relaciones
Exteriores de la República Argentina, Esmeralda
1212-piso 14, C1007ABR, C.A. Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
Phone: (+54) 11 47837467
Mob: (+549) 11 40335848
Fax: (+54) 11 48197413
Email: hector.ginzo@gmail.com
Bolivia
Emilio Garcia-Apaza
Expert on inventory of GHG, National Program on
Climate Change,
Calle Mercado 1428, 14482,La Paz, Bolivia.
Phone: (+591) 02 2820944
Mob: (+591) 02 71572067
Email: garciaa_emilio@yahoo.com
Hungary
Zoltán Somogyi
Senior Researcher, Forest Research Institute,Frankel L. u. 42-44., H-1023, Budapest. Hungary.
Phone: (+36) 304652684
Mob: (+36) 304652684
E-mail: som9013@helka.iif.hu
India
Nijavalli Hanumantha Rao Ravindranath
Indian Institute of Sciences, Centre for Sustainable
Technologies, Associate Faculty, Indian Institute of
Sciences, 5600 012, Bangalore, India.
Phone: 91+80-2334 1838(0)Mob: 91+99020 36348
Fax: 91+80 2360 1428
E-mail: ravi@ces.iisc.ernet.in

79

Mongolia
Batimaa Punsalmaa
Coordinator, Water Authority, P.O Box 664,
Ulaanbaatar-24,210524, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Phone: (+976) 11-363716
Mob : 88101866
Fax: 368643
Email: mcco@arigsor.mn
Russian Federation
Anna Romanovskaya
Head of Department, Institute of Global Climate andEcology, 20-B, Glebovskaya Str., 107258, MoscowRussian Federation.
Phone: +7 499 169 2198
Mob: +7 916 357 8939
Fax: +7 499 160 0831
E-mail: an_roman@mail.ru
Swaziland
Absalom Manyatsi
Senior Lecturer, University of Swaziland, UNISWA
Luyengo Campus, Malkerns-Bhunya Road, M205,
Manzini, Swaziland.
Phone: (+268) 5274021
Mob: (+268)6043128
Fax: (+268) 5274441
Email: manyatsi@agric.uniswa.sz

Thailand

IPCC Co-Chairs

Sirintornthep Towprayoon
Associate
Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment,
King Mogkut's University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT), JGSEE-KMUTT 126 Pracha-utit road,
Bangmod, 10140, Bangkok, Thailand.
Phone: +662 4708309 ext 4133, 4126
Mob: 66817514159
Fax: +662 8729805
E-mail: sirin@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th

Takahiko Hiraishi
SeniorConsultant,Institutefor
GlobalEnvironmental
Strategies,
2108-11
Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0115,
Japan.
Phone: +81 46 855 3750
Fax: +81 46 855 3880
E-mail: hiraishi@iges.or.jp

USALouis Verchot
Principal Scientist
Center for International Forestry Research, P.O.
box 0113 BOCBD,16000, Bogor,
Indonesia.
Phone: +62 0251 8622 622
Mob: +62 81 1199 0044
E-mail: l.verchot@cgiar.org
VietnamNguyen Cuong
MONG, Agrometeorologist, Climate change Expert,
Director of Research Center for Climate Change
and Sustainable Development, Research Center for
Climate Change and Sustainable Development, No.
10/42 Yen Hoa Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi
City, Viet Nam 10000.
Phone:
844 38341208/84913390899/844
37759382
E-mail: cuongccsd@yahoo.com

80

Thelma Krug
Chief of international affairs office, INPE – National
Institute for space research, Av. dos Astronautas
1758, 122227-010, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
Phone: +55 12 39 456863
Mob: +55 12 97239076
Fax: +55 12 39412077
E-mail: thelmakrug@dir.inpe.br

IPCC TFI Technical Support Unit
Simon Eggleston
Head, Technical Support Unit,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Task
Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,℅ Institute for Global Environmental Strategies,
2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa,
240-0115, Japan.
Phone: +81 46 855 3750
Fax: +81 46 855 3880
E-mail: eggleston@iges.or.jp

Kiyoto Tanabe
Programme Officer,
Technical Support Unit, Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories,℅ Institute for Global Environmental Strategies,
2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa,
240-0115, Japan.
Phone: +81 46 855 3750
Fax: +81 46 855 3880
E-mail: tanabe@iges.or.jp

Nalin Srivastava
Programme Officer,
Technical Support Unit, Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories,℅ Institute for Global Environmental Strategies,
2108-11, Kamiyamaguchi, 240-0115, Hayama,
Kanagawa, 240-0115 Japan.
Phone: +81 46 855 3750,
Fax: +81 46 855 3880
E-mail: Srivastava@iges.or.jp

Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Programme Officer,
Technical Support Unit, Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories,℅ Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
2108-11, Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, , Kanagawa,
240-0115, Japan.
Phone: (+81) 46 855 3751
Fax: (+81) 46 855 3808
E-mail: baasansuren@iges.or.jp

81Annex 14.

Agenda
8:45
9:50

10:20

Tuesday
October

20th
12:30
13:30

14:40
15:00
15:10
15:30

Wednesday
21st OctoberThursday 22nd
October

17:00
18:00
09:00
12:30
13:30
17:00
09:00
12:30
13:30

17:00

Registration and welcome coffee
Welcome by IFAD (Elwyn Grainger-Jones, Executive Co-ordinator
Global Environment and Climate Change. IFAD)
Welcome by FAO (Peter Holmgren, Director, Environment, Climate Change
and Bioenergy Division)
Welcome IPCC (Thelma Krug and Takahiko Hiraishi, IPCC TFI Co-Chairs)
Plenary 1 – Introduction and BackgroundAims and Background
Data needs of IPCC Guidelines (LULUCF & AFOLU)
Presentations on FAO Data (10 minutes + 5 minutes of questions):
FAO statistics (Robert Mayo, Dominic Ballayan and Nic Sakoff)
EcoCrop and IPNIS (Philippe Dugast and Wolfgang Prante)
Global Forest Resources Assessment data (Lars Gunnar Marklund)
Planted forests database (Alberto Del Lungo)
National Forest Monitoring Assessment (Marco Piazza)
Wood products (Arvydas Lebedys)
Example of application of FAO datasets on Tier 1 IPCC methods (Ricardo

IFAD, FAO,
IPCC TFI
Co-Chairs

TSU
TSU
FAO

Villani)

LUNCH
Presentations on FAO Data (continued)
FAO
Livestock data (Pierre Gerber and Theun Vellinga)
Land cover data, geonetwork, LCCS, ECVs fire (Renato Cumani)
Global land use map and harmonized world soil database and AgroMaps(Freddy Nachtergaele)

Presentation of Draft report
TSU
Summary and instructions for BOGs
TSU
Break
4 BOGs.
Initial discussion to determine exact topics of each group and how to split up the participants.
Each group will review draft, make changes as necessary, consider if guidance is sufficient,and if there are additional data sources that could be added (inside and outside the FAO).
Current proposed BOGs: BOG 1: Forestland, BOG 2: Cropland and Grasslands,
BOG 3: Livestock, BOG 4: Wetlands, Settlements, Otherland, HWP and others.
Close
Reception – IFAD HQ (floor -1)
BOGs Continue
LUNCH
BOGs Continue
Close
BOGs Continue
LUNCH
Plenary 2 – review and consolidate.
Outputs
An agreed revised draft report.
A summary of outstanding data needs that are not covered by data identified in thereportClose