WASH situation in Pakistan
Know and act

NationalWASH
accessPercentageof people
with access1

Nationalwater
facts

89%

Drinkingwater
21 million

people lackaccess to cleanwater close tohome.2

schools is
missing a
toilet.9

Sanitation

60%

Hygiene

1947

2017

2047

5300
3

1000

<500

No stress

Scarcity

Absolute
scarcity

cm

cm3

cm3

Per capita
availabilityof water inPakistan3

Pakistan is among
the top 10
countries with thegreatest numberof people living
without access tosafe water.490%

4 out of 10

79 million

11.5%

Nationalsanitation
facts

peoplelack decent
toilets.7

1 out of 3

58%

Only 8% ofwastewater istreated, the rest
is released intorivers anddrainsuntreated.10

of drinking
water isextracted fromthe ground.5of people
defecate in theopen.8

schools has
no drinking
water.6

National
hygienefacts

23%of households
have a garbage
collection
system.12
Privately
6%

Municipality
17%

46%

of the population
does not have ahandwashingfacility at homewith soap andwater. 11

57%

of urbanhouseholds
have a garbage
collection
system.13
Privately
9%

Municipality
48%

Rural
56%

Urban26%

6%of ruralhouseholds
have a garbage
collection
system.14

Implications of unsafe
water, sanitation & hygiene
19,500

Improved water sources reduce
diarrhoea morbidity by 21%; and thesimple act of washing hands at
critical times can reduce the numberof diarrhoea cases by 35%. 16

43%

50%

childrenunder five dieeach year from
relateddiarrhoeal
diseases. 15

reduction inschoolabsenteeism due
to better healthby handwashingwith soap.17

45%

of children
under five arestunted. 19

of malnutrition isassociated withrepeated diarrhoea
or intestinal worm
infections as a direct
result of inadequate
WASH. 18

National water coverage

Coverage by ladder (% in 2015)21

Coverage by income status(% in 2013)20
Poorest

79.2*

9.4

8.5

3

Safelymanaged

Basic

LimitedUnimproved

Surface
water

35.6

52.9

2.7

6.3

2.5

Change in Coverage by Facility Type22
Safelymanaged

Basic

Limited

98*

1.3

Urban

Unimproved Surface
water

0.4

Rural
80
60

0.3

Populationin millions
2000

40
20

Richest2015

0*The disaggregate information in not available for safely
managed and basic categories in JMP data

PipedNon-piped

Piped

Non-piped

0.5

Access to drinking water by
sub-national variations*(percentage)2378

4.7
2.5

Safely managed
and basic

17.2

GilgitBaltistan
79.1

16.7

Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa

1.1

LimitedUnimproved
Surface water
Punjab

198
0.7

0.3

Islamabad (ICT)

3.7
2.5

93.8
0.01

Balochistan

17.3
9.8

Sindh

60.3
12.6
3

93.8
2.4

0.7
*Please refer to the descriptionof the ladder on the last page

National sanitation coverage

Coverage by ladder (% in 2015)25

Coverage by income status(% in 2013)24
Poorest018.1

7.3

OpenLimited Unimproved defecation

Safely managed Basic

1163.7

058.3

8.4

21.8

11.5

Change in Coverage by Facility Type26
Safelymanaged

Basic

LimitedUnimproved

Opendefecation

093

3.5

3.2

0.3

Urban

Rural40
30

Populationin millions
2000

20
10Richest

2015

0
Improved Septic Sewer
latrinetankand other

Improved Septic Sewer
latrinetankand other

00.8

Access to sanitation by
sub-national variations*(percentage)27

82.1

9.5
GilgitBaltistan

06.7

Safely managed

7.9

Basic

65
20.5

7.6

Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa

LimitedUnimproved
Open defecation
PunjabIslamabad (ICT)00
12.2 62.3
6.8 18.8

3.1
3.1

93.1
0.8

Balochistan
0
5.8
14.5

51

Sindh

28.6

0756.5
9.6

27*Please refer to the descriptionof the ladder on the last page

Rural46.1

43.3

National
hygienecoverage

Coverage byincome status(% in 2013)29

Coverage by ladder (% in 2015)28

10.6

Basic

Limited

No facility

83.2

12.1

4.6

15.8

Poorest

40.4

Poor

66.4

Middle

85.6

Rich

94

Richest

Urban

Hygiene coverage by
sub-national variations*(percentage)30

68.6

38.7

Limited

11.1

GilgitBaltistan

51.2

Basic20.3

Khyber10.1 Pakhtunkhwa

No facility

PunjabIslamabad (ICT)

88.9

68.1
25.3

7.7
6.5

3.4

Balochistan

62.2

35
2.8Sindh

49.9
47.6

2.5
*Please refer to the descriptionof the ladder on the last page

Sanitation ladder 32
Safely managed
Use of improved facilities which are notshared with other households and whereexcreta are safely disposed in situ ortransported and treated off-site

Drinking water ladder 31
Safely managed
Drinking water from an improved water
source which is located on premises,
available when needed and free from faecal
and priority chemical contamination
Basic
Drinking water from an improved source,provided collection time is not more than 30
minutes for a roundtrip including queuing
LimitedDrinking water from an improved source forwhich collection time exceeds 30 minutes
for a roundtrip including queuing
Unimproved
Drinking water from an unprotected dug
well or unprotected spring
Surface Water
Drinking water directly from a river, dam,lake, pond, stream, canal or irrigation canalBasic
Use of improved facilities which are notshared with other households
LimitedUse of improved facilities shared between
two or more households
Unimproved
Use of pit latrines without a slab or platform,
hanging latrines or bucket latrines
Open defecation
Disposal of human faeces in fields, forests,bushes, open bodies of water, beaches andother open spaces or with solid waste

Hygiene/ handwashing ladder 33
Basic
Availability of a handwashing facility on
premises with soap and water
LimitedAvailability of a handwashing facility on
premises without soap and waterNo facility
No handwashing facility on premises

WHO/UNICEF - JMP (2017). https://washdata.org/
WaterAid (2018). The Water Gap – state of the world's water in Water security, Equality andnon-discrimination. https://goo.gl/EZ9BR23UNDP (2017). The Vulnerability of Pakistan’s Water Sector to the Impacts of Climate Change:
Identification of gaps and recommendations for action. https://goo.gl/UQXhET
4WaterAid (2018). The Water Gap – state of the world's water in Water security, Equality andnon-discrimination. https://goo.gl/EZ9BR25PCRWR (2017). Groundwater Investigations and Mapping in the Upper Indus.
6Alif Ailan (2016). The State of Education in Pakistan: Alif Ailan Fact Sheet 2016
7WaterAid (2017). Out of Order – The State of the World’s Toilets 2017. https://goo.gl/nuK4ou
8WHO/UNICEF - JMP (2017). https://washdata.org/
9
Alif Ailan (2016). The State of Education in Pakistan: Alif Ailan Fact Sheet 201610World Bank (2017). Country Water Resources Assistance Strategy Paper. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8343
11
WHO/UNICEF - JMP (2017). https://washdata.org/12/13/14
MOCC (2016). Country Paper on Sanitation. Pakistan. SACOSAN VI.
15
WaterAid (2017). Out of Order – The State of the World’s Toilets 2017. https://goo.gl/nuK4ou
16Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Global WASH Fast Facts. https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/wash_statistics.html#seven
17Om Prasad Gautam (2017). Handwashing with soap: why should we care? WaterAid.
18
WHO (2008). Safer water, better health: Costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions toprotect & promote health. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596435_eng.pdf
19
World Bank (2017). Child Undernutrition in Pakistan What Do We Know?
20-33
WHO/UNICEF - JMP (2017). https://washdata.org/
12