Contents
Background ·····································································································

1

Theme and Objective ·························································································

2

Outline of Schedule ···························································································

2

Accommodations ······························································································

2

Program ·········································································································

3

List of Participants ····························································································

7

Summaries for Keynote Address, Address and Invited Lectures ··································· 11
Summaries for the Young Researcher’s Forum ························································ 27
Abstracts for Poster Presentations ········································································ 37
Organizing Committee ······················································································· 117
Executive Committee ························································································· 118
筑波アジア農業教育セミナー及び国際農学ESDシンポジウムの沿革 ···························· 123
国際農学ESDシンポジウム 2014の概要 ·································································· 126
国際農学ESDシンポジウム 2014の日程表 ······························································· 127iDate: November 10 (Mon.) to 14 (Fri.), 2014
Venue: University Hall, University of Tsukuba
Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
Main Working Language: English
Organizers: Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of TsukubaiiBackground
The Agricultural and Forestry Research Center of the University of Tsukuba has been
nominated by UNESCO as an Associated Center of the Asia-Pacific Program of Educational
Innovation for Development (APEID) in the field of vocational and technical education, and hasorganized the Tsukuba Asian Seminar on Agricultural Education (TASAE) annually since 1979.
TASAE has gained a good reputation as an international agricultural program under APEID
through the timely theme for each term. The themes of TASAE for each term were as follows:
・ 1979-1981【 The second term of APEID 】
Agricultural Education at the Secondary Level in Asia
・ 1982-1986【 The third term of APEID 】
Strategies for Innovation of Agricultural Education in Asian Countries
・ 1987-1991【 The forth term of APEID 】
Education and Research for Higher Agricultural Productivity Conserving Nature
Agro-ecosystem in Asian and Pacific Countries
・ 1992-1996【 The fifth term of APEID 】
Education and Research for Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Conserving Nature
and Agro-ecosystem in Asian and Pacific Countries
・ 1997-2001【 The sixth term of APEID 】
Innovative strategies for linking agricultural and environmental education in Asian andPacific Countries for the 21st century
・ 2002-2007【 The seventh term of APEID 】
The utilization and conservation of the water resources for human survival, bioproduction
and

the

environment

considering

sustainable

development,

and

the

role

of

agro-environmental education
・ 2008-2013【 The eighth term of APEID 】
Promotion of Ag-ESD for the Development of a Sustainable Future
The 2008 International Symposium on Agricultural Education for Sustainable Development(Ag-ESD Symposium 2008) succeeded TASAE and the first annual symposium in the eighth termof APEID was held at the University of Tsukuba in November 2008. The eighth term of APEID issponsored in collaboration with the Japan National Commission for UNESCO, JICA, Ibaraki
University and the International Cooperative Education Program for Creation of Harmonious
Asian Countries. The aim of Ag-ESD is to promote reform and improve agricultural higher
education, especially considering environmental problems from an international viewpoint.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2009 entitled “Food Safety and Food Security in Agricultural ESD” washeld from November 9th to 12th at the university as the second annual symposium. Eighteen participants
were invited from 7 countries: Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Malawi, Nigeria and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2010 was held from November 8th to 11th at the University ofTsukuba and focused on “Secondary and Higher Education for Sustainable Development:

1Agriculture and the Environment ”. Fifteen participants from 8 countries: Philippines, Thailand,
Indonesia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Malawi, Ghana and Japan. A special session was organizedfor participation of high school teachers from Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2011 was held from November 7th to 11th and focused on“Appropriate Use of Biodiversity in Agricultural ESD”. Twenty-one participants from 9 countries:
Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Afghanistan, U.S.A, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2012 was held from October 29th to November 2nd and focused on“Technological Innovations to Reduce Environmental Impacts in Agricultural Education for
Sustainable Development”. Nineteen participants from 9 countries: Philippines, Thailand,
Indonesia, Afghanistan, U.S.A, Ghana, Kenya, Laos and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2013 was held from November 25th to 29th and focused on “TheRole of Universities in Promoting Agricultural Education for Sustainable Development”.
Seventeen participants from 7 countries: Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Afghanistan, U.S.A,
Kenya and Japan.

Theme and Objective
1) Theme
Premium Agriculture and Food Project2) Objective
To promote APEID program and Global Action Program, which is a post-ESD program of
UNESCO, we will focus on issues related to the role of universities in promoting agricultural
education for sustainable development.

Outline of Schedule
Nov. 9 (Sun.)
10 (Mon.)Arrival at Narita Airport, Japan
Registration, Opening Ceremony, Keynote Addresses
Welcome Party

11 (Tue.)

Invited Lectures, Discussion with Students

12 (Wed.)Invited Lectures, Poster Viewing
Excursion (Visit ASAKUSA)

13 (Thu.)

Poster Session, Awards Ceremony

14 (Fri.)

Young Researcher's Forum, Closing Ceremony

15 (Sat.)

Departure from Japan

Accommodations
Hotel Nikko Narita (Phone) 0476-32-0032
Nov. 10(Mon.) – 14 (Fri.) University Hall Annex, University of Tsukuba (Phone) 029-853-2386
Nov.

9 (Sun.)2

Ag-ESD Symposium 2014 Program
Program of 2014 International Symposium on Agricultural Education for Sustainable Development

November 9 （Sun.） Arrival at Narita Airport[ ⇒ stay at Hotel Nikko Narita ]November 10 （Mon.）
10:30
Leave Hotel Nikko Narita for University of Tsukuba（UT）
12:00
Arrival at University Hall, UT
12:00-13:00
Lunch
13:15-13:30
Group Photograph（1）13:30-14:00
Opening Ceremony[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]Welcome Address
・Michiyoshi AE, Vice President, University of Tsukuba

14:00-14:15
14:15-15:15

15:15-16:15
18:00-20:00

Opening Address
・Atsushi TAJIMA, Director, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center (AFRC)(Associated Center of APEID), University of Tsukuba【 * Chairperson: Ryozo NOGUCHI 】
Group Photograph（2）Keynote Address・Hiroyuki KONUMA, Assistant Director-General and the Regional Representative
for Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United
Nations (UN)♢ Topic: “ Status of World Food Security and its Future Outlook, and Role ofAgricultural Research and Education ”【 * Chairperson: Ryozo NOGUCHI 】
Registration and Orientation
Welcome Party[Restaurant at Administration Center]

November 11 （Tue.）
09:20-09:40
Address・Hideo YOSHIDA, Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry ResearchCenter (AFRC), University of Tsukuba♢ Topic: “ Education for Sustainable Development in Agriculture at the
University of Tsukuba ”【 * Chairperson: Yoshihiko SEKOZAWA 】

3

09:40-10:20

10:20-11:00

11:00-12:15
12:15-13:30

13:30-14:00
14:00-14:40

14:40-15:20

15:20-16:00

16:00-16:10
16:10-16:50

16:50-17:30

Invited Lecture（1）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Yutaka KITAMURA, Professor, University of Tsukuba♢ Topic: “ How About Rice Made Cheese? - Development of Value-added Rice - ”【 * Chairperson: Yoshihiko SEKOZAWA 】
Invited Lecture （2）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Junko NISHIWAKI, Assistant Professor, Ibaraki University♢ Topic: “ Balance of Greenhouse Gas Emission and a Food Supply in Paddy Field ”【 * Chairperson: Yoshihiko SEKOZAWA 】
Break and Lunch ( Free )Discussion with Students[ University Hall A ]・Lucille Elna Parreño DE GUZMAN, University of the Philippines, Los Baños
・Narongchai PIPATTANAWONG, Kasetsart University
・Slamet BUDIJANTO, Bogor Agricultural University
・Abby BENNINGHOFF, Utah State University
Break[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]Invited Lecture （3）・Slamet BUDIJANTO, Professor, Bogor Agricultural University♢ Topic: “ Rice Analogue as Food Diversification Vehicle ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Invited Lecture （4）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Narongchai PIPATTANAWONG, Senior Researcher / Vice President forSpecial Project Coordination, Kasetsart University♢ Topic: “ Strawberry Production and the Royal Project Foundation, Thailand ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Invited Lecture （5）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Lucille Elna Parreño DE GUZMAN, University Researcher, University of thePhilippines, Los Baños♢ Topic: “ Diversified and Integrated Farming Systems (DIFS):
Philippine Experiences for Improved Livelihood and Nutrition ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Break
Invited Lecture （6）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Kobra HEMMATY, Lecturer, Balkh University♢ Topic: “ Current Status of Agriculture in Afghanistan ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Invited Lecture （7）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Chin Ping TAN, Professor, Universiti Putra Malaysia♢ Topic: “ Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Industry Via Process
Improvement and Product Diversification ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
4

November 12 （Wed.）
09:00-09:40
Invited Lecture （8）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Abby BENNINGHOFF, Assistant Professor, Utah State University♢ Topic: “ Fighting Cancer with Functional Foods: New Approaches to Investigate
the Interactions of Dietary Bioactive Chemicals and Basal Nutrition ”【 * Chairperson: DeMar TAYLOR 】
09:40-10:20
Invited Lecture （9）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Abdulai Mumuni BAAKO, Management Information Systems Officer (MISO),
Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ghana♢ Topic: “ Promoting on Farm Water Harvesting and Conservation Techniques for
Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems through Capacity
Development of Field Extension Officers and Farmers ”【 * Chairperson: Shadreck MUNGALABA 】
10:20-11:00
Invited Lecture（10）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Shadreck MUNGALABA, Director, Department of Cooperatives, Ministry ofAgriculture and Livestock♢ Topic: “ Improving Yields and Profitability for Small-scale Farmers throughConservation Agriculture in Lusaka Province, Zambia ”【 * Chairperson: Abdulai Mumuni BAAKO 】
11:00-11:30
Break and Poster Viewing[ Lounge at 30th Anniversary Hall ]11:30Leave University Hall A for ASAKUSALunch and Excursion
16:30-17:00
16:00-17:00
Leave ASAKUSA for University Hall ( Annex )
18:30
17:00
Arrival at University Hall ( Annex )November 13 （Thu.）[ Lounge at 30th Anniversary Hall ]09:00-13:30
Poster Presentation
・Selected persons: Graduate students, etc.
Lunch ( Free )13:30-15:00
Senior High School at Sakado, University of Tsukuba Presentations
15:00Awards Ceremony for Best Poster Presentation

November 14 （Fri.） 《 Young Researcher’s Forum 》
09:00-09:30
Presentation （1）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Takahiro ITO, Doctoral Student, Ibaraki University♢ Topic: “ Pest Control by No-tillage Farming and Crop Rotation- A Study of Rice Cyst Nematode (Heterodera elachista) in Japan - ”【 * Chairperson: Eriko ANKYU 】
5

09:30-10:00

10:00-10:30

10:30-10:40
10:40-11:10

11:10-11:40

11:40-13:00
13:00-14:00
14:00-18:00
18:00-20:00

November 15（Sat.）
07:00-18:00

Presentation （2）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Faleh SETIABUDI, Lecturer, Bogor Agricultural University♢ Topic: “ Effect of Dough Moisture Content and Extrusion Temperature on
Gelatinization Degree and Crystallinity of Rice Analogue ”【 * Chairperson: Takahiro ITO 】
Presentation （3）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Pinpinatt JUNHAENG, Ph.D student, Kasetsart University♢ Topic: “ The Improvement of Barley Seed Quality by Priming Methods in Malt
Industry ”【 * Chairperson: Faleh SETIABUDI 】
BreakPresentation （4）[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]・Dora Fe H. BERNARDO, Assistant Professor, University of the Philippines,
Los Baños♢ Topic: “ Premium Agrifisheries for the Disaster Affected Area of Leyte,
Philippines ”【 * Chairperson: Pinpinatt JUNHAENG 】[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]Presentation （5）・Eriko ANKYU, Doctoral Student, University of Tsukuba♢ Topic: “ Oil-water Separation Technology for Postharvest and Food Processing-Improving Productivity and Environmental Quality- ”【 * Chairperson: Dora Fe H. BERNARDO 】
Lunch and Break ( Free )Closing Ceremony[ Special Conference Room, University Hall A ]( Includes Awards Ceremony for the Best Presentation )Free Time
Farewell Party[ The Soup Factory ]Departure from Japan

6

List of Participants【Welcome Address】
Michiyoshi AE
Vice President
University of Tsukuba【Opening Address】
Atsushi TAJIMA
Director, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba【Keynote Address】
Keynote Speaker

Hiroyuki KONUMA
Assistant Director-General and the Regional Representative for Asia and the PacificFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN)

【Address】
Speaker

Hideo YOSHIDA
Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba【Invited Lecture】
Invited Lecturer

Yutaka KITAMURA
Professor, University of Tsukuba 【Japan】
Junko NISHIWAKI
Assistant Professor, Ibaraki University 【Japan】
Slamet BUDIJANTO
Professor, Bogor Agricultural University 【Indonesia】
Narongchai PIPATTANAWONG
Senior Researcher / Vice President for Special Project Coordination
Kasetsart University 【Thailand】
Lucille Elna Parreño DE GUZMAN
University Researcher, University of the Philippines, Los Baños 【Philippines】

7

Kobra HEMMATY
Lecturer, Balkh University 【Afghanistan】
Chin Ping TAN
Professor, Universiti Putra Malaysia 【Malaysia】
Abby BENNINGHOFF
Assistant Professor, Utah State University 【USA】

Abdulai Mumuni BAAKO < Graduate of University of Tsukuba, SRD Course >Management Information Systems Officer (MISO)
Ministry of Food and Agriculture 【Ghana】
Shadreck MUNGALABA < Graduate of University of Tsukuba, SRD Course >Director, Department of Cooperatives
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock 【Zambia】【Young Researcher’s Forum】
Presenter

Takahiro ITODoctoral Student, Ibaraki University 【Japan】
Faleh SETIABUDI
Lecturer, Bogor Agricultural University 【Indonesia】
Pinpinatt JUNHAENG
Ph.D student, Kasetsart University 【Thailand】
Dora Fe H. BERNARDOAssistant Professor, University of the Philippines, Los Baños 【Philippines】
Eriko ANKYU
Doctoral Student, University of Tsukuba 【Japan】

8

Summaries
for Keynote Address,
Address and Invited Lectures

Contributors【Keynote Address】･ Hiroyuki KONUMA<< Food
Food andand Agriculture
Agriculture Organization
Organization (FAO)(FAO) ofof thethe United
United Nations
Nations (UN)
(UN) >>
Status of World Food Security and its Future Outlook, and Role of Agricultural
Research and Education ·································································· 13【Address】< University<
University ofof Tsukuba
Tsukuba >>･ Hideo YOSHIDA

Education for Sustainable Development in Agriculture at the University ofTsukuba ···················································································· 14【Invited Lectures】<< University
University ofof Tsukuba
Tsukuba >>･ Yutaka KITAMURA

How About Rice Made Cheese? - Development of Value-added Rice - ·········· 15<< Ibaraki
Ibaraki University
University >>･ Junko NISHIWAKI

Balance of Greenhouse Gas Emission and a Food Supply in Paddy Field ········ 16

11[ Invited Lecturers from the Universities sharing Academic Exchange Agreementswith the University of Tsukuba ]< Bogor Agricultural University >･ Slamet BUDIJANTO

Rice Analogue as Food Diversification Vehicle ······································ 17< Kasetsart University >･ Narongchai PIPATTANAWONG

Strawberry Production and the Royal Project Foundation, Thailand ·············· 18< University of the Philippines, Los Baños >･ Lucille Elna Parreño DE GUZMAN

Diversified and Integrated Farming Systems (DIFS):
Philippine Experiences for Improved Livelihood and Nutrition ················· 19< Balkh University >･ Kobra HEMMATY

Current Status of Agriculture in Afghanistan ········································· 20< Universiti Putra Malaysia >･ Chin Ping TAN

Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Industry Via Process Improvement andProduct Diversification ·································································· 21< Utah State University >･ Abby BENNINGHOFF

Fighting Cancer with Functional Foods: New Approaches to Investigate theInteractions of Dietary Bioactive Chemicals and Basal Nutrition ··············· 22[ Graduates of the University of Tsukuba, SRD course ]< Ministry of Food and Agriculture >･ Abdulai Mumuni BAAKO

Promoting on Farm Water Harvesting and Conservation Techniques for
Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems through Capacity Development ofField Extension Officers and Farmers ·················································· 23< Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock >･ Shadreck MUNGALABA

Improving Yields and Profitability for Small-scale Farmers through Conservation
Agriculture in Lusaka Province, Zambia ·············································· 24

12Hiroyuki KONUMA
Assistant Director-General and the Regional Representative for
Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)of the United Nations (UN)39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
E-Mail: Hiroyuki.konuma@fao.org
Specialty: Agricultural Policy, Agricultural Science

Status of World Food Security and its Future Outlook, and Role ofAgricultural Research and Education
The world produces sufficient food to meet the need of everyone at present. Yet,despite of our continued efforts, progress in eradicating hunger has been very slow. The worldis still a home of 805 million chronically hungry people and the vast majority of them live indeveloping countries. One in every nine people on the planet suffers from chronic hunger, andone in every three children in developing world is stunted. The proportion of global chronic
hunger population has fallen from 18.7 percent in 1990-92 to 11.3 percent in 2014, andgetting closer to the MDG hunger goal. However, remaining bottom of 11.3 percent
constitutes the most vulnerable and disadvantaged group in our society. Unless we target oureffort to these people for “Zero Hunger” towards total eradication, the world would not beable to achieve equitable growth, social stability, world peace and sustainable development.
In addition, the world is facing serious challenges in future food security. Present
world population of 7.1 billion is predicted to exceed 9 billion by 2050, and the per capita
average food consumption would exceed 3,000 kcal/day in 2050 from 2,770 kcal/day in2005/07. To meet the rapidly increasing food requirements, the world food production needs
to be increased by 60 percent worldwide by 2050. If we fail to achieve this target, there would
be a high risk of food shortage, food riots, social and political unrest, and other negative
consequences as we witnessed during the food price crisis in 2007-08. On the other hand,
there is a very little potential to increase arable lands as agricultural lands have been almost
fully exploited. Increasing scarcity of water resources, negative impacts of climate changes,
frequent occurrence of natural disasters, high post-harvest losses and food waste, increasing
competition on the use of land and water between food crops and bio-energy crops are othercritical risks and uncertainties which would greatly influence future food availability and foodsecurity. FAO predicts that it would be possible to increase food production by 60 percent by
2050 on the assumption that nearly 90 percent of food production increase should come fromexisting arable lands through yield increase/agricultural research.
Hence, the agricultural research will have a key for the success in achieving foodsecurity and feeding the future world population, and accordingly, the role of agricultural
education should be fully recognized. These challenges would take place in next 30-40 years,
for which young generations, especially those presently studying at high schools anduniversities would hold a dominant role to lead the world in meeting the challenge.

13

Hideo YOSHIDA
aAssistant Professor, Graduate School of Life and Environmental
Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
E-mail: yoshida.hideo.ka@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
Specialty: Protected Horticultural Science

Education for Sustainable Development in Agriculture
at the University of Tsukuba
The Agricultural and Forestry Research Center of the University of Tsukuba (AFRC-UT) has
developed a number of international programs to improve agricultural education. As an AssociatedCenter of the Asia-Pacific Program of Educational Innovative Development (APEID) nominated by
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), AFRC-UT
annually sponsored the Tsukuba Asian Seminar on Agricultural Education (TASAE) since 1979.
TASAE has brought together more than 250 scientists and administrators from Asian countries fordiscussions on various agricultural, educational and environmental conservation issues facing the
Asia-Pacific region. From 2008, the International Symposium on Agricultural Education for
Sustainable Development (Ag-ESD Symposium 2008) succeeded TASAE. The aim of Ag-ESD isto promote reform and improve agricultural higher education, while considering environmental
problems from an international viewpoint. In addition, a one credit Ag-ESD internship course isoffered to graduate students so they can experience international programs. Another key factor tosustainable development of agriculture and education is effective dissemination of information
between researchers and scientists. Therefore, AFRC-UT publishes the Journal of Developments in
Sustainable Agriculture (JDSA). JDSA, a J-Stage based on-line journal, is an excellent medium for
distribution of information on sustainable agriculture because it can be freely accessed fromanywhere in the world.
The AFRC-UT has also participated in a new graduate program in Agricultural Education for
Sustainable Rural Development (SRD) established in the Graduate School of Life andEnvironmental Sciences in collaboration with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) sinceApril 2006. This graduate program provides practical technical training relevant to sustainable foodproduction and supply, and alleviation of poverty to regional agricultural extension agents andadministrators in Asian and African countries. Graduates from this program can contribute to thealleviation of poverty in rural areas of their home countries. In addition, from September 2011,
AFRC-UT began a new short stay “Farm Training Program” for undergraduate students from
Kasetsart University (Thailand), Utah State University (USA), University of the Philippines Los
Baños (Philippines) and Bogor Agricultural University (Indonesia) to receive training and technicalexperiences in Japanese field management and production systems for a period of several months.
Through the above and other programs, the AFRC-UT emphasizes internationalization of
education for the development of sustainable agriculture as a major goal of the center.

14

Yutaka KITAMURA
Professor, School of Life and Environmental Sciences,
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
E-mail: kitamura.yutaka.fm@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
Specialty: Food and Biomass Engineering

How About Rice Made Cheese? - Development of Value-added Rice In recent years, a consumption trend of the Japanese food has been changing greatly bywesternization of the meal. Especially a consumption increase in dairy products and a consumption
decrease in rice as staple food are remarkable. Above all the consumption increase in cheese causes alack of domestic fresh milk for the raw materials and results in the high dependence on overseas
import about 80% of the cheese supply. On the other hand, the decrease in rice consumption raises
serious problems such as the decline of rice growing farmers and fields which only support thedomestic food supply in Japan. Therefore we propose a development of value added rice through the
production of rice made cheese or cheese type food which utilizes brown rice as alternative raw
materials. Especially the brown rice attracts us because it involves several kinds of nutrients and isconsidered to improve the human health condition. This challenge is expected to solve the problems ofJapanese rice farming but also improve all Asian rice farmer income as it increase the value of rice.
In this study the possibility of the processing cheese-like food from rice slurry wasinvestigated. The rice slurry is produced by milling brown rice and water simultaneously in a newly
developed Micro Wet Milling System, and which is composed of a water proof stone mill, a feeder,a rotation controller and so on. The rice slurry has an advantage to be more convenient to process
gel foods than rice flour. The cheese-like food is defined as the foodstuff that has some properties
closed to general milk made cheese, and that is made from raw materials anything other than freshmilk. Accordingly lactic fermentation characteristic of rice slurry was investigated with comparing
general cheese, and solidification method of rice cheese method was examined. The characteristic ofrice cheese making process was unraveled in the important three steps of cheese processing which
are sterilization, lactic fermentation, and coagulation. The experiment results show the beststerilization condition of rice slurry was to heat and keep the material at 65℃ for 30 min. The lactic
fermentation of rice slurry was found to be possible at the condition as the same as milk lactic
fermentation. When the lactic fermented rice slurry was coagulated with gelatin after the physicaldehydration, it had the same breaking strength as milk made cheese purchased form the market. At
the sensory evaluations, the condition with 2.5 wt% addition of gelatin received the highest
favorability rating of 41.6%. According to the experimental studies, we consider that the productionof rice cheese is one of the possible methods to improve the vale added of rice.

15

Junko NISHIWAKI
Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University
3-21-1, Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0393
E-mail: nishijun@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
Specialty: Soil Physics

Balance of Greenhouse Gas Emission and a Food Supply in Paddy Field
Global warming is one of the important issues because that impact on human life isvery severe. Rice paddies are considered to be a major source of anthropogenic methane
emission (Jacobson, 2005). There exist a big proportion of the paddy field throughout Asian
region include Japan. We should control GHG emission from paddy field. Although it is clearthat continuous environmental preservation is important, but production of food is also
important. Yu and Patrick (2004) reported that there exist suitable oxidation-reduction
potential (ORP) range that makes the minimum emission of CO2 and CH4 and N2O. Water
management of paddy field would be one of the most important tools that can control ORP, orthe emission of GHG from paddy field.
In this study, we investigated the effect of water management and organic matter
application on the GHG flux in paddy field and the yield of rice.
We investigated the effect of water management on GHG emission and food supply at
Meiji University Ikuta campus using a lysimeter mimicking a paddy field. The effect oforganic matter application on them is investigated at a paddy field in Iitate village inFukushima prefecture. We found flux and the yield of rice are different in each gas and vary at
different water management. We also found they are different in each gas and vary at different
organic matter application. Water management is one of the useful tools to control GHG flux
at paddy field, and aerenchyma might work as an important GHG passage root. But water
management has an effect on rice yield. Organic matter also has same effect on GHG flux at
paddy field and rice yield. We should find the suitable treatment, include water management
and organic matter application and so on, to control GHG flux and keep stable rice yield.

16

Slamet BUDIJANTO
Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology
Bogor Agricultural University
Bogor, Indonesia
E-mail: slamet.budijanto@gmail.com
Specialty: Food Chemistry

Rice Analogue as Food Diversification Vehicle
Indonesian government started the Food Diversification Program since 1974. However,up to now no significant results have been achieved. The country’s rice consumption is stillhigh. The reason can be that there is no suitable ‘vehicle’ yet which is able to deliver
Indonesia’s diverse local carbohydrate sources into an acceptable form of staple food. The
proposed food diversification vehicle candidate should have the following criteria: (1) widely
acceptable (2) no necessity to change local dietary habit (3) no necessity to change the way of
cooking (4) able to use in Indonesian culinary cuisine (4) made from local carbohydrate
source. The proposed product we offer is “rice analogue” (RA) which is prepared fromvarious local carbohydrate sources other than paddy rice. RA fits the abovementioned criteria
thus it is very prospective to be developed as food diversification vehicle. RA processing
technology is a novel way of delivering a diverse local carbohydrate sources into staple foodfor Indonesian society. Upstream to downstream comprehensive research involving multi
discipline experts and stakeholders is required to successfully develop RA. Upstream
activities include seedling development and cultivation. Downstream activities include
process optimization, RA machineries design, and developing RA with specific functional
properties. Studies on functional properties of RA which currently under progress include: (1)low GI RA (2) high fibre RA with hypocholesterolemic activity (3) high sterols RA withchemo-preventive activity. These functional properties can be used as a driving force topromote RA. RA development is expected to switch Indonesian society perceptions that
paddy rice is not the only staple food, and that consuming non paddy rice as staple food will
not lower their social status. When this new paradigm is built, people will comfortly consume
more diverse carbohydrate source, not only in the form of RA but also in various otherprocessed food products.
Keywords: rice analogue, extrusion, food diversification, carbohydrate, food security

17Narongchai PIPATTANAWONG
Senior Researcher, Vice President for Special Project Coordination
Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University
50 Ngamwongwan rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
E-mail: rdinap@ku.ac.th
Specialty: High Land Agriculture / Temperate and Small Fruits

Strawberry Production and the Royal Project Foundation, Thailand
Strawberries have been grown for many years in the north of Thailand but
became economically important from the early 1980s. An unknown cultivar introducedby the British in Chiang Mai province in 1934 (Sukumalanandana, 1988) with very
soft flesh, small fruit size, poor color, and low yield nevertheless spurred widespreadinterest as a new fruit in Thai home gardens. Until the early 1970s, some commercial
producers tried to grow it. The Royal Project Foundation was established in 1969 by
His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand to develop and improve theeconomic and living standards of the hill tribe peoples in the north by using cash crops
to replace opium cultivation and preserve the forests and environment. The Foundation
and Kasetsart University researched strawberries as a replacement crop from 1974 to
1979. Strawberry cultivars were introduced mainly from the USA and planted atseveral research stations. The research showed that the hill tribe farmers could expect
a high return on their investment 3 months after planting the crop.
The research outcomes gave the hill tribes and local peoples a source ofincome from the production of strawberries and daughter plants. Strawberries now
offer a source of quick, high-return investment.

18

Lucille Elna Parreño DE GUZMAN
University Researcher, Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture
University of the Philippines Los Baños
College, Laguna, Philippines 4031
E-mail: lepdg12@yahoo.com; lpdeguzman1@up.edu.phSpecialty: Crop Physiology, Seed Technology

Diversified and Integrated Farming Systems (DIFS):
Philippine Experiences for Improved Livelihood and Nutrition
de Guzman, L.E.P., Zamora, O.B., Bernardo, D.F.H.
The Philippines is predominantly an agricultural country composed of small farms with amean area of 1.5 ha per farm. Widespread poverty continues to be a big problem in the
country and Filipino adults and children continue to be afflicted by various forms of
malnutrition, such as underweight, underheight or stunting, and wasting or thinness. A viable
agricultural solution to this problem is diversified and integrated farming systems (DIFS).
The practice of DIFS is not new, is time-tested, and locally adapted. For centuries, farming
communities have painstakingly developed resilient and bountiful agricultural systems based on
biodiversity and on their knowledge of how to work with them in equally complex biophysicaland socio-cultural settings. One of the most stable, productive and profitable diversified
cropping systems in the Philippines is the coconut-based multi-storey system developed andpracticed in Silang, Cavite. Other case examples are organic farming as practiced by small-scale
farmers, the bio-intensive gardening (BIG) developed by the International Institute of Rural
Reconstruction (IIRR) in Cavite, the sloping agricultural land technology (SALT) promoted by
the Mindanao Baptist Rural Life Center (MBRLC) in Davao del Sur, the vegetable-agroforestry
systems of the World Agroforestry Center in Lantapan, Bukidnon, and the complex uplandfood-production systems of different indigenous peoples’ communities all over the country.
In all these examples, the message is clear; farmers have provided stability andsustainability of the agricultural production system, and hence, food security through theutilization of functional diversity in their farms and farming systems. Researches have shownthat compared with monocultures, polycultures are more productive, utilize natural resources
and photosynthetically active radiation more efficiently, resist pests epidemics better, produce
more varied and nutritious foods, contribute more to economic stability, social equality, andprovide farmers’ direct participation in decision making. Thus, although small-scale tropicalfarmers have generally been confined to farming in low quality, marginal and fragile soils
with little institutional support, their systems provide valuable information for thedevelopment of sustainable agricultural production system.

19

Kobra HEMMATY
Lecturer at Animal Science Department
Faculty of Agriculture, Balkh University
Balkh Province, AFGHANISTAN
E-mail: k.hemmaty@gmail.com
Specialty: Animal Science

Current Status of Agriculture in Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a landlocked country with arid desert and semi-arid steppe climate
which makes a unique environment for plants and animals. Geographically, it is a
mountainous country and the arable and permanent cropland area is about 8.5 million hectares,
which it is 12 percent of total land area of Afghanistan. This country introduced as an
agricultural country with various plants, fruits and animals. In recent years, agriculture sector
usually shares the one-fourth or one-third of the Gross Domestic Production GDP, dependingon annual output. The agriculture is a key factor in food self-sufficiency, economic growth,
livelihood, and national security in this country while the majority of Afghan’s population
lives in the rural areas and they are doing farming by traditional methods.
Livestock activity is an important part of most farming systems in Afghanistan. There
are two main types of livestock production system, those of sedentary villagers andtranshumant (Kuchi) system. Kuchi system is a mobile system which uses regular movement
between summer and winter grazing for small ruminants such as sheep and goats, and it ismore common in the south, the west and the southwest of the country.
Decades of conflict have had a devastating damage to agricultural infrastructures. To
revival of agricultural infrastructures, it needs to work on the agriculture capacity
development of the country. Afghanistan's agricultural capacity development is contingent on
three principles, first is management of natural source, second agriculture productivity and thethird is process and marketing of agriculture products.
The main challenges of agriculture sectors are a weakness of management due to lackof specialist and agriculture’s data, security, as it affects the migration of farmers, lowinvestment in agriculture sectors, the slow development of alternative crops to replace poppy
cultivation, water supply for agriculture, and pests and disease of plants and animals. To deal
with these problems, the government of Afghanistan should provide an especial national
strategy to rebuild the agricultural infrastructures and develop the agriculture sectors
efficiency.

20

Chin Ping TAN
Professor, Head, Department of Food Technology,
Faculty of Food Science and Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: tancp@upm.edu.my
Specialty: Fats and Oils Chemistry & Technology, Food Processing

Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Industry Via Process Improvement
and Product Diversification
Palm oil has been a key driver for economic development in producing countries inSoutheast Asia, especially Malaysia and Indonesia. The rapid growth of palm oil industry has
played an important role in the Malaysian economy. Today, sustainability is a concept that ismaking huge impact in palm oil industry. This industry is facing unprecedented scrutiny fromgovernments, regulators, investors and consumers in terms of how its business practices,supply chain and products impact the environment and the world. While palm oil has been
traded mainly in the form of crude palm oil, this commodity has been a catalyst for thedevelopment of downstream industry, from the refining of crude palm oil initially to theemergence of the specialty fats and oleochemical industry and more recently in the productionof palm-based biofuels. In addition, palm oil and palm kernel oil and its by-products areimportant ingredients in food and non-food products.
Continuous improvements in our understanding of the refining process of this major
edible oil will play an important role in the sustainable development of the palm oil industry.
Safety and health issues related to palm oil products are also closely related to the sustainable
development of palm oil industry. In addition, product diversification in the palm oil industry
requires substantial understanding of the physicochemical properties of this globally
important edible oil. This paper aims to give an overview on the recent research developments
in refining process and product diversification. Recent technologies for the preparation of oils,
fats and their derivatives using palm oil as a starting material will be discussed. An overview
of research in the area of (1) development of low free fatty acid crude palm oil; (2) refining
process improvement with reduced 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidol levels; (3)development of new palm-based emulsion products; and (4) production of palm-based
functional lipids will be reviewed in this paper.

21

Abby BENNINGHOFF
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal,
Dairy and Veterinary Sciences
Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
E-mail: abby.benninghoff@usu.edu
Specialty: Toxicology

Fighting Cancer with Functional Foods: New Approaches to Investigate theInteractions of Dietary Bioactive Chemicals and Basal Nutrition
Approximately 25% of all deaths in countries with a Westernized lifestyle are
attributed to cancer. In case-controlled and cohort studies, the typical Western diet isassociated with significantly higher rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to a balanced
diet. CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third most common cause ofcancer-related death in both men and women in the United States. The Western dietary patternis characterized by high intakes of red and processed meats, sweets, fried foods and refined
grains, whereas a more balanced diet replaces these foods with fruits and vegetables, legumes,
fish, poultry and whole grains. Importantly, this dietary pattern is generally deficient in many
micronutrients, such as the B vitamins and folate. While some studies have investigated thehealth effects of chronic low consumption of single micronutrients, information regarding theimpact of chronic low intake of multiple micronutrients on disease outcome is lacking,especially in the context of a typical Western diet.
The Western diet also diet lacks many of the foods and beverages that are purported tohave anticancer properties by virtue of their bioactive constituents, such as polyphenols
present in green tea and dark-colored berries. Most studies investigating the health benefits ofbioactive food chemicals employ standard diets that are optimized in nutrient composition forrodent health. In order to improve translation of these pre-clinical studies to human trials, we
believe that a rodent diet more representative of the diet consumed by Americans is necessary
to appropriately evaluate risk CRC and to develop specific and effective prevention strategies.
Failure to consider the micronutrient intakes typical of U.S. nutrition in animal studies
seeking to evaluate the efficacy of botanicals for health will likely lead to results that havequestionable translational applicability to human nutrition. To address this resource gap, ourresearch team developed the new Total Western Diet (TWD) for rodents with energy andnutrient profiles that emulate a typical Western diet. This newly devised basal rodent diet that
better represents typical U.S. nutrition is highly useful for studies employing animal modelsof health and disease.
22

Abdulai Mumuni BAAKOManagement Information Systems Officer (MISO)
Department of Agriculture
Savelugu Nanton Municipal Assembly
Post Office Box 36, Savelugu, Northern Region, Ghana.
E-mail: baakomumuniabdulai@yahoo.com
Speciality: Agricultural Extension/Rural Development

Promoting on Farm Water Harvesting and Conservation Techniques for
Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems through Capacity
Development of Field Extension Officers and Farmers
Water deficit constitute a major constraint in crop production generally and riceparticularly, rainfall is therefore the most critical and least predictable among climatic factors.
Both the distribution and amount of rainfall during crop season are therefore key determinantsof crop yields particularly in areas with less than 2000 mm of annual precipitation such as theNorthern Region of Ghana.
With an annual average precipitation of 1100 mm or less of torrential rainfall on lessporous soils, coupled with undulating topography in the area, large amounts of water fromrains is lost as runoff from the fields, resulting in moisture stresses at the most critical stagesof reproduction to maturity, resulting in yield losses/crop failure as well as soil degradation
through erosion and subsequent siltation of water bodies as well as loss of fertility of
productive farm lands. This has resulted in serious environmental problems with devastating
socio-economic impacts on the rural farming populations.
Simple on farm water harvesting techniques is therefore critical for Sustainable
Agricultural production systems and constitutes one of the greatest challenges in developing
countries now. Effective water harvesting which involves taking advantage of and making
maximum use of the least rainfall for increasing moisture retention for production andproductivity enhancement in view of climate change and erratic rainfall can be achieved by
the use of earth bunds, tied ridges, contour tillage or ploughing across the slope to reducerunoff and improve infiltration.
Rain fall in Ghana and the Northern Region in particular is generally on the decline
and unpredictable due to climate change. Per my action plan from the Graduate School of Lifeand Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, the capacities of Agricultural Field
Extension Officers (AEAs) were to be built through training in on farm water harvesting andconservation techniques for subsequent training of farmers for sustainable crop production
systems. Admittedly, there are clear gaps between the development of improved technologies
from Research institutions, its delivery to farmers through Agricultural field extension
Officers and the ability of farmers to adopt and sustain the use of these proven agricultural
technologies
It is these gaps that this training intended to bridge through the use of cropdemonstrations on simple on farm water harvesting and conservation techniques that do not
warrant any drastic changes in the farming systems of the farmers. The key objective of
which is to ensure a sustained adoption and effective utilization of the technologies
disseminated through farmer training sessions at the rural community level with this Action
Research Methodology.
23

Shadreck MUNGALABA
Director, Department of Cooperatives
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
Mulungushi House
P.O. Box 50197 Lusaka, ZAMBIA
E-mail: shadreck70@gmail.com
Specialty: Agriculture (Crop Science)

Improving Yields and Profitability for Small-scale Farmers throughConservation Agriculture in Lusaka Province, Zambia
Farming, especially crop farming may not be very attractive to many small scale
producers in the agricultural sector in Zambia due to low yields and low profits. The
Government of The Republic of Zambia through the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
and its partners has promoted Conservation Agriculture (CA) for over ten years now to
improve the crop yields.
This desktop study was meant to evaluate the contribution of Conservation Agriculture(CA) to improving yields and profitability among small scale farmers based on studies madein some districts of Lusaka Province in Zambia. One study in Chongwe District identified thedifferences between CA and conventional farming practices in terms of yields and profits
which were found to be key factors in technology acceptance and adoption by small scale
farmers. This particular study in Chongwe, had a total population of 348 small scale farmers
with above 70% responsiveness.
Another review was based on the crop production data obtained from Central Statistics
Office (CSO) for five cropping seasons.
The results showed that there were no statistical significant differences between CA andconventional farming methods in crop yields, crop production costs and the level of profits.
The CSO data showed some marginal average improvements in yields of maize crop though it
could not be established if the increases were from CA farmers or not. This may require afurther study to establish the trend.
The review helps to recommend that CA interventions need to be coupled with capacity
building of farmers in terms of mechanization and investment levels and also the extension
services to deal with gender balance and inclusion of youths in CA programmes.

24

Summaries
for the Young Researcher’s ForumContributors【Young Researcher’s Forum】< Ibaraki University >･ Takahiro ITOPest Control by No-tillage Farming and Crop Rotation- A Study of Rice Cyst Nematode (Heterodera elachista) in Japan - ·············· 29< Bogor Agricultural University >･ Faleh SETIABUDI

Effect of Dough Moisture Content and Extrusion Temperature on Gelatinization
Degree and Crystallinity of Rice Analogue ··········································· 30< Kasetsart University >･ Pinpinatt JUNHAENGThe Improvement of Barley Seed Quality by Priming Methods in Malt Industry · 31
< University of the Philippines, Los Baños >･ Dora Fe H. BERNARDO

Premium Agrifisheries for the Disaster Affected Area of Leyte, Philippines ···· 32< University of Tsukuba >･ Eriko ANKYU

Oil-water Separation Technology for Postharvest and Food Processing-Improving Productivity and Environmental Quality- ······························· 33

27

ecent Photo

Takahiro ITO
Graduate Student, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan(Ibaraki University)
E-mail: 50012954001@st.tuat.ac.jp
Specialty: Soil Nematology

Pest Control by No-tillage Farming and Crop Rotation— A Study of Rice Cyst Nematode (Heterodera elachista) in Japan —Rice is the most important food crop in the world, being the staple food for more thanhalf of the world’s population, predominantly in Asia where more than 90% of the world’s
rice is grown and consumed. Many genera and species of parasitic nematodes are associatedwith rice. Rice cyst nematode, Heterodera elachista infests areas of upland rice production in
Japan, and this caused serious yield loss in the both of upland and irrigated rice. Recently, H.

elachista is a becoming wide spread pest in Asia and European countries. Host plants of H.
elachista are rice, millet, corn and wheat, however, H. elachista is mainly parasitic on rice.
Root diffusate from rice plants caused greater hatching of H. elachista eggs. The
population of released juveniles H. elachista in the soil is increasing from March to April,however, that decrease from August to the winter. After host plants invasion of juveniles H.

elachista they develop the cyst for next generation. H. elachista juveniles do not hatch fromeggs contained in the cysts remaining from previous seasons in response to lower
temperatures and autumn rains. As the season progresses the H. elachista remain at thesame infection site and begin to swell into the characteristic white spheres. This process takes
six to eight weeks, and the H. elachista remain like this until the host plant begins to senesce.
The females die and their cuticle hardens and turns brown to form a “cyst”. H. elachista has
two or three generations per year. However, each cyst contains several hundred eggs, so
populations can increase rapidly on susceptible cereals.
Chemical control was effective and increased a yield of paddy rice, however this effectwas not obvious in the next season suggesting from a rapid build-up of the cyst population at
harvest time in the first year. Chemical control of H. elachista, is often fail to obtain theeconomic advantages because the economical return by upland rice production is not afford it.
Tillage systems also affect the population density of nematode. No-tillage system isanother alternative, that has been increasingly used for crop production in the US, Europe,
South America, and Asia during the past decade due to their significant environmental
advantage over moldboard plow.

29

Faleh SETIA BUDI
Lecturer, Food Science and Technology Department
Ph. D Student at The Study Program of Food Science, Postgraduate
School,Bogor Agricultural University
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology
Bogor Agricultural University
Darmaga Campus PO Box 220 Bogor Indonesia
E-mail: faleh_sb01@yahoo.com
Specialty: Carbohydrate extrusion

Effect of Dough Moisture Content and Extrusion Temperature on
Gelatinization Degree and Crystallinity of Rice Analogue

Rice is one of the most important staple foods in Asia, included Indonesia. Despite to
great effort to increase the rice production, imported rice is still needed due to high per capita
consumption coupled with population growth. One approach to overcome these problem is toprepare rice analogue by extrusion, using yellow corn flour and corn starch as the mainmaterial. The dough moisture content and extrusion temperature can influence thegelatinization degree of rice analogue which affect the hardness of rice analogue. This
research aimed to study the effect of dough moisture content of 35, 40 and 45% and extrusion
temperature of 70, 80 and 90 oC on the degree of gelatinization and crystallinity of theresulted rice analogue. Raw materials used in this study includes yellow corn flour, corn
starch and water. Extrusion was done by using a double screw extruder operated at the screw
speed of 75 rpm and the auger speed of 30 rpm. The gelatinization degree of the produced riceanalogue was analyzed by DSC and the polarized light microscope and the crystallinity by
XRD.

Our results shows that the dough moisture content and extrusion temperature studied

caused a complete gelatinization (100%). The corn flour and starch with the A type crystal
changed into a V type crystal after being extruded into rice analogue may be due to theformation of lipid-amylose complex compound.
Keywords: Rice analogue, extrusion, gelatinization degree, crystallinity

30

Pinpinatt JUNHAENG
Ph.D Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture
Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Position
E-mail: pinpinutt.jh@gmail.com
Specialty: Seed Science and Technology, Postharvest of crop, Grain Science,
Plant/Seed Physiology, Physiological crop production

The Improvement of Barley Seed Quality by Priming Methods in Malt
Industry
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds are used as raw material for malt production
which is important in many industries such as brewing industry, non-alcoholic and alcoholic
beverage industry, and food industry. In Thailand, barley has been introduced to Thai farmers
for improving their income and substituting imports, but its seed quality is often found to belower than the standard quality for malt production especially in the aspect of seed vigor.
Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different seed priming methods onbarley seed quality improvement for malt production. Three experiments were conducted. The
first experiment was hydro-priming - seeds were primed in de-ionized water for 6, 8, 10, 12,
14, and 16 hours. The second experiment was hydro-priming plus potassium nitrate treatment- seeds were primed in 4 different concentrations of KNO3 solution, ie. 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and
2.00% for 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours. The third experiment was osmo-priming by PEG4000 seeds were primed in 3 different osmotic potentials, i.e. -0.50, -0.75, and -1.50 MPa for 10, 12,
14, and 16 hours. The results indicated that all seed priming methods accelerated barley speed
germination and increased seed vigor. Primed barley seed could germinate within one day.
However, all these methods did not affect barley seed germination percentage. It can beconcluded that these 3 seed priming techniques could be effectively applied as alternative
methods to improve barley seed quality in malt industry. However, further study is needed toevaluate the effects of seed priming methods on barley seed storability and other barley
quality for malt production.

31

Dora Fe H. BERNARDOAssistant Professor, Institute of Biological Sciences
University of the Philippines Los Baños
Email: dorafeb@gmail.com
Specialty: Marine Fisheries and Ecology,
Environmental Science (Coastal Resource Management)

Premium Agrifisheries for the Disaster Affected Area of Leyte, Philippines
Bernardo, D.F.H., Zamora, O.B. and de Guzman, L.E.P.
Super typhoon Haiyan, locally known as Yolanda, was the strongest storm that hit
the Philippines. With storm surges reaching 4 m high, the storm that hit Eastern Visayas
last November 8, 2013, severely devastated the region with high human mortality, loss ofcrops and property, and environmental damage. The most affected were the resident
communities especially those in the coastal areas which are also planted with coconuts,
rice, and bananas, livestock and fisheries.
It was estimated that the total damage to the agricultural sector was PHP 31,130
M (RAY, 2013); production losses to crops, fisheries and livestock was PHP 27,070 M
and damage to infrastructure (irrigation and other facilities) was PHP 4,058 M. Fish catch
declined dramatically due to loss and damage of boats, fish ports and fishery equipment.
Coral reefs and mangrove forest, which serve as habitat, spawning, breeding, and feeding
grounds of fishes were also severely affected.
Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted in 11 local government units(LGUs) located in the provinces of Samar and Leyte show that the fishers needsustainable livelihood support systems to feed their families and send their children backto school. The top four fishery-based activities identified were mariculture, fishing,aquasilviculture and gleaning. Alternative sources of income identified include selling ofscrap, tending variety store, rice and root crops farming, working as pedicab drivers andconstruction workers, and selling of mangrove propagules.
The proposed socio-economic projects identified, which needs start-up capital andraw materials or inputs as follows: (a) Livestock and poultry raising (hog/piggery, goat,
poultry/egg); (b) Meat/food processing; (c) Fisheries, such as fish net and gear, feeds for
milkfish, fishing boats, freezer for fisheries postharvest (preservation and handling), fish
vending, repair of tilapia hatchery, and mudcrub culture; and (d) Other activities such asreconstruction of Day Care Center, capacity enhancement training, rice store, crop
planting and farm machinery.

32

Eriko ANKYU
Doctoral Student
Division of Appropriate Science and Technology for Sustainable
Development, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577 JAPANE-mail: s1430261@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
Specialty: Agricultural and Environmental Engineering

Oil-water Separation Technology for Postharvest and Food Processing-Improving Productivity and Environmental QualityOil-water separation technology is a promising means to recover oil from wastewater
treatment during the postharvest food processing. There are many technologies to separate oil
and water, for example, centrifugation, floatation, flocculation, and absorption. Oil-water
separation is also used in refinery of biomass energy such as palm oil industry wherewastewater includes large amount of oil from refinery process.
The problem of wastewater treatment is oil included in wastewater, which causes the
reduction in treatment efficiency of wastewater. In Japan, a law entitled as ‘Water Pollution
Control Law’ determines the water quality standard of plants and factories with above certain
amount of wastewater. The oil-separation technologies are used to recover oil fromwastewater and observed the water quality standard of oil that is determined less than 30
mg/L of normal hexane of extracts. One of the potential of this recovered oil utilization isserved for fuel and feedstock of tire. Under proper sanitary situation, the recovered oil can beused for cooking also. The separated oil from wastewater helped to reduce scale ofwastewater treatment facility, leading to the reduction of construction cost.
Furthermore, recovering oil from wastewater contributes not only oil production but
also increase the water quality. There is 1.4 billion km3 of water in the earth and only 0.008 %of this exists at ground water, river water, lake, and marsh can be used for our daily life. We
use water on various scenes of daily life such as drinking, cooking, cleaning, washing, bath,and toilet. In this perspective, we need to recycle limited water and reuse the water. Muchamount of water is used for food processing and producing biomass energy. By recovering oilfrom wastewater, oil excluded water can be reused and install the recycling-oriented society.
Using Value Function and Separative Work Unit in the separation engineering, we
evaluated economic efficiency of the oil-water separation system. The results defined a degreeof improving of the oil-water separation system and used for decision support of introducing
oil-separation technologies for postharvest and food processing.

33

Abstracts
for Poster Presentations

Contributors
Doctor course
Eriko ANKYUThe Decision Support of Introducing Oil-Water Separation Technology for Organic
Wastewater Treatment based on Separation Engineering ······································ 43
Xiaohong HU
Characterization of Visible-Light-Driven Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2 Photocatalyst ·················· 44
Md Zohurul ISLAM
A New Technique for Processing of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Powder by Vacuum Spray
Drying (VSD) ························································································· 45
Shinichi KOYAMACan ‘Kuntan’, Carbonized Rice Husk, Application Mitigate Global Warming and Improve
Rice Productivity? ·················································································· 46
Kejuan LI
Potential Anticancer Properties of Polyphenols from Helicteres angustifolia L. Root inNormal and Carcinoma Human Lung Cells ······················································ 47
Dheni Mita MALA
A Portable Fluorescence Fingerprint Sensor for Rapid Meat Spoilage Monitoring System ·· 48
Nguyen Thi MEN
Oocyte Centrifugation before or after ICSI Using Freeze-dried (FD) Sperm is not
Beneficial to in vitro Fertilization of in vitro Mature (IVM) Porcine Oocytes ·············· 49
Tekini G. NAKIDAKIDA
Effects of Integrated Application of Composts and Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrogen
Recovery, Internal Nitrogen Use Efficiencies and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in
an Andosol Soil ······················································································ 50
Nugroho Adi SASONGKO
Integrated Plantation Model for Sustainable Food, Feed and Fuel Production ·············· 51
Mishma S STANISLAUS
Enhancing Biohydrogen Production from Ipomoea aquatica by Optimization of Inoculumand Substrate ························································································· 52
Kenta YAMADA
Preventing Effect of Polyion Complex on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion underRaindrop Impact ····················································································· 5337Master course
Md. Shah ALAMGIR
Effects of Extreme Event on Agricultural Production Efficiency in Bangladesh ············ 54
Tatsuro AYATSUKA
The Effect of Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Condition on the Yield and ChemicalComposition of Rice Ratoon Grown for Two Weeks ··········································· 55
Pingping CAI
Wine Production from Whole Blueberry (Rabbiteye) by Use of Wet Milling Process ····· 56
Hongxi DU
Study on the Temporal Change in Regional Characteristics of Agriculture and Livestock
Production in Inner Mongolia of China ··························································· 57
Kentaro EZURA
Parthenocarpy for Improving Fruits Production: Isolation of Pistil or Early Fruit Specific
Genes of Tomato ····················································································· 58
Yosuke FUJITA
Colloid Transport in Partially Saturated Sand Column ········································· 59
Ayaka FUJIWARA
Screening of Anti-cancer Stem Cell Agents from Eucommia ulmoides Leaf ················ 60
Haruka FUKUDA
Study on Migratory Ability of Gonadal Germ Cells (GGCs) from 7-day-old Chick
Embryos ······························································································· 61
Shoma FUKUMOTO
Isolation and Histological Characterization of Heat Tolerant Mutant Lines from MicroTom Mutant Collections ············································································· 62
Zhibin GU
Enhancement of Ultrasonication and Photocatalysis Synergy for Treating Refractory
Organic Wastewater by using PEGm-TiO2 Coated Glass Beads ······························ 63
Mayo HADANO
Role of Polyphenols in the Regulation of Sirtuin1 ··············································· 64
Kobra HEMMATY
Effects of Ashitaba Supplementation on Physiological Responses in Holstein under HeatStress ··································································································· 65
Tsubasa IKEYA
Functionality of “Teadenol,” a New Polyphenolic Compound Extracted from a Tea Leaf
Fermented by Aspergillus PK-1 ···································································· 66

38

Fumihiko INAZAKI
Effects of Rice Husk Charcoal on Growth and Yield of Rice in an Andosol Soil ··········· 67
Natsuki KAKIZAWA
Expression of PyripyropeneA Biosynthetic Genes from Penicillium coprobium inTransgenic Rice······················································································· 68
Hitomi KANBE
Membrane Microdomains are Present and Compositionally Altered Following by
Cryopreservation in Avian Sperm ·································································· 69
Yuki KASUGA
Effects of Double Superphosphate and Ammonium Sulfate Fertilization on Productivity
and Total Phosphorus in Plant in Inner Mongolia················································ 70
Masaru KOYAMA
Milling Kinetics of Micro Wet Milling System for Value-Addition of Rice ················· 71
Yuji KUBOTA
Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Rice Husk Combustion to Establish Biomass
Recycling System ···················································································· 72
Siyang LI
Removing Ammonia by Developing a Novel Modified Zeolite Absorbent ················· 73
Jia LIU
Purification and cDNA Cloning of a Polygalacturonase-inhibiting Protein (PGIP) from
Apios americana Medikus Tubers ································································· 74
Go MARUYAMAThe Screening of the DSE Isolates Which Controls Cesium Absorption to Lettuce
Seedlings ······························································································ 75
Yuto MATSUOKA
The Plant Growth Promotion Caused by Associated Bacteria with Dark Septate
Eendophytic Fungus Veronaeopsis simplex Y34 ················································· 76
Shohta MINAMI
Development of Production Method of New Type of Sake using Micro Wet Milling ······ 77
Saki MIZUKAMI
Characterization of Endobacteria Harboring in Nitrous Oxide-producing Soil Fungal
Strains ·································································································· 78
Nazia MUHSIN
GIS and Remote Sensing-based MCA Modeling to Assess Agricultural Land Use Change
and Suitability Mapping of Industries ····························································· 7939

Misaki NAKAMURA
Generation Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal Mucous Membrane Protection
Ingredient by the Machine Biochemical Reaction ··············································· 80
Sumire OKUNO
Mapping of QTLs for Flower Color Intensity and Genes Related to Anthocyanin
Biosynthesis in Morning Glory ···································································· 81
Riska Ayu PURNAMASARI
GIS-based Logistics Modeling for Sustainability Assessment of Local Food ··············· 82
Rie SAWADOThe Effect of a High Energy Plane Feeding on the Ovulation Rate in Sonid Ewe, a Local
Breed of Inner Mongolia ············································································ 83
Erina SHIMAMURA
Accessibility Difference to Different Phosphorus Source within Rice Genotypes ·········· 84
Mami SHIMMURA
Water Temperature Prediction Model in River Basin including Paddy Area ················ 85
Yiying SONG
Synthesization of Ni/TiO2 Nanocomposite Photocatalyst for Water Purification under
Solar Light ···························································································· 86
Takuya SUGIMOTO
Flow-induced Aggregation Rates of Well-Characterized Colloidal Particles: Experiments
vs. Theory ····························································································· 87
Rei SUZUKI
Transformation of Chicken Somatic Cells using Circular DNA ······························ 88
Natsuki TAKEUCHI
Situation of Water Balance in Agricultural Areas in the Nile Delta ··························· 89
Yuta TANAKA
Mesophilic Methane Fermentation with Wood Drying Wastewater ·························· 90
Ruida XIAO
Photocatalytic Disinfection of E. coli in Surface Water by Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Coated on the
Substrate under LED Irradiation ··································································· 91
Nozomi YAJIMA
Study of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis incorolla of Primula sieboldii E. Morren ···························································· 92
Shohei YANO
System Dynamics Model for Sustainable Palm Oil Production in South-east Asia ········· 9340Misato YOKOYAMAThe Effect of Added Arginine on the Meat Color and Texture of Meat Batter ·············· 94
Qi ZHU
Novel Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Thin Film on Glass Substrate for Efficient Decomposition of
Recalcitrant Organic Waste under Solar Light ··················································· 95Undergraduate course
Minori FUJIOKA
Introduction of Horticultural Activity to Ibaraki University Farm - Significance of Stress
Reduction through the Horticultural Activity - ·················································· 96
Yuta HOSHINO
Tillage Can Reduce the Radio-Cesium Contamination of Soybean after the Fukushima
Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident ··························································· 97
Gandan JIANG
Study on Inhibitory Activity of Amyloid  Aggregation by Kukoamines ···················· 98
Mai KITAMURA
Analysis of Extraction and Fermentation Characteristics of Herbal Plant ··················· 99
Shingo MITSUI
Bio-gasification by Methane Fermentation using the Agricultural Waste Discarded from a
Farm in Tsukuba City ·············································································· 100
Takahiro MITSUI
Imagine the Agriculture and Food from “Tonpikurin”! ········································ 101
Yuki MIYAZAKI
Comparison of Egyptian Salt-Tolerance Cultivars and Analysis of the Physiological
Mechanism ··························································································· 102
Shota NAKAMURA
Molecular Breeding of Salt-Tolerance Potato Haboring the fasciclin-like Arabinogalactan
Protein Gene (SeFLA) from Salicornia europaea ·············································· 103
Minako NISHI
The Effect of Shokuiku to Food Education Activities for Millets - Pupil’s Perception andThoughts on Food Nutrition - ····································································· 104
Manami NISHIYAElectrophoretic Mobility of Carboxyl Latex Particles: The Significance of Existence ofDivalent Counter-ions ·············································································· 10541

Megumi SASAKI
Effects of Intercropping of Maize and Soybean on Growth, Photosynthesis and Yield in
Egypt ································································································· 106
Mika TAKESHIMA
Rheological Change of Food Hydrocolloids Studied by NIR and THz Spectroscopy ····· 107
Ami TSUKAMOTONIR Spectral Change of Fruits Stored under Anaerobic Conditions ························· 108
Neeranut VINIJCHEVIT
Different of Biogas Productivity Efficiency under Various Raw Material Management ···· 109
Youmei WANG
New Wine Processing Obtained from the Whole Mulberry with Micro Wet Milling
System ································································································ 110
Atsushi YAMAGUCHI
Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Electrophoretic Mobilities of Lysozyme ·· 111
Akane YASUNAGA
Preparation and Characterization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Food Fibers · 112
Nan ZHANG
Mitigating Ammonia Inhibition in Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion by an Appropriate
Irradiation Process ·················································································· 113

Special presentations by high school students
Yoshikazu TATEMOTO
ESD Programs that Leverages the Characteristic of an Integrated High School andInternational Collaborative School Network ···················································· 114
追加
Qiang LIU and Hiroshi OHIComparison of Kraft, Pre-hydrolysis-Kraft and Pre-hydrolysis Kraft by Addition of
Anthraquinoneand Polysulfide of Acacia mearnsii ············································· 115

42

The Decision Support of Introducing Oil-Water Separation Technology for
Organic Wastewater Treatment based on Separation Engineering
Eriko ANKYU1*, Toshihiko OTSUKA1, and Ryozo NOGUCHI2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, JapanThe technologies to recover oil from wastewater including animal and vegetable oil aredeveloped during the postharvest food processing. There are many technologies to separate oil
and water, for example, centrifugation, floatation, flocculation, and absorption. Oil-water
separation is also used in refinery of biomass energy such as palm oil industry wherewastewater includes large amount of oil from refinery process. They contribute to reduce theload of blocking the drainage derived from mass of oil, reduce the initial cost and running costof the facilities for wastewater treatment, and reuse the recovered oil and the oil-removed
water as valuable resources. By introducing oil-water separation technologies, especially infood processing factories under proper sanitary condition, the recovered oil could be used asfood and the recovered water could be used as water resource. However, in the actual foodprocessing factories, it is judged based on their feelings to introduce the oil-water separationequipment into the factories, and technical evaluation is not enough to judge it themselves.
This study aims to propose engineering evaluation method and decision making
support for introducing oil-water separation equipment to wastewater treatment from foodprocessing factory. The evaluation method consists of two components; Separative Work Unit
(SWU) and Value Function (VF) determined by oil concentration of wastewater.
Results of trial calculation for food processing factory, Naoetsu-Yushi Co., Ltd.,
showed that over 99.70% separation performance was required to obtain positive value forseparation process and below 99.70% separation performance decreases SWU markedly tominus value. These result clarified appropriate separation performance and the evaluation
method can be used for the evaluation standard for introducing the separation technology fororganic wastewater treatment. Moreover, from the result of SWU, the cost recovery period of
the oil-water separation equipment and waste water treatment facilities was revealed. Whenthe lifetime of the equipment and facilities are longer than the cost recovery period, it isjudged that introducing the oil-water separation equipment into wastewater treatment in foodprocessing factory is desirable.

43

Characterization of Visible-Light-Driven Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2 Photocatalyst
Xiaohong HU, Qi ZHU, Yingnan YANG*
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universityof Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, JapanTiO2 doped with noble metals (Ag and Au) has been investigated, resulting to effectivelytransfer the plasmon electrons from noble metals to titanium dioxide and then improve theseparation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Recently, many narrow band photocatalysts,
such as Ag-based semiconductors combined with TiO2 have been paid more attention, as
combination with these semiconductors could lead to expanding the absorption spectrum from
UV to the visible light region to effectively utilize the solar light. More recently, a novel
Ag3PO4 photocatalyst with band gap of 2.43 eV has been reported, possessing remarkable
photocatalytic ability for organic dye degradation. Therefore, in this work a highly efficientphotocatalyst Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2 has been synthesized and followed by the characterization ofSEM, XRD, EDS, XPS, UV-vis and PL respectively, in comparison of TiO2, Ag/TiO2,
Ag3PO4/TiO2 and Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2.
According to the results of SEM, the particle size of Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2 ranges from 500 nm
to 2 um, and XRD result shows that Ag and Ag3PO4 have been successfully loaded on theanatase TiO2, which is in accord with EDS and XPS analyses of photocatalysts. To investigate
the surface chemical states of Ag, XPS spectra of Ag 3d and O 2p regions are analyzed. It canbe seen that the intensity of metallic Ag0 is much stronger than that of Ag+ iron in XPS
spectrum of Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2, which confirms the existence of metallic silver and silver
orthophosphate, and the majority of Ag element in the form of metallic silver. The peaks
located at 529.5, 530.9 and 532.2 eV are respectively ascribed to the lattice oxygen of TiO2, theoxygen of surface OH- and the oxygen of water molecules absorbed on the surface, while thepeaks corresponding to O2- from Ag2O and AgO are not observed, indicating the surface
metallic silver is not oxidized. Besides, Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2 composite exhibits the broader
absorption in the visible region than the other photocatalysts, and also the band gap of
Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2 is calculated to be 2.2 eV smaller than both of Ag3PO4 (2.43 eV) and TiO2
(3.2 eV). In addition, the PL intensity of Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2 photocatalyst is much lower than thatof TiO2 photocatalyst, indicating that the deposition of Ag/Ag3PO4 particle has improved thecharge separation effectively. In summary, Ag/Ag3PO4-TiO2 photocatalyst has beensuccessfully synthesized, showing improved photocatalytic ability which is ascribed to theplasmon resonance of metallic silver and the narrow band gap of composite photocatalyst.

44

A New Technique for Processing of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Powder by
Vacuum Spray Drying (VSD)[

Md Zohurul ISLAM and Yutaka KITAMURA
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Orange (Citrus sinensis) is the important sources of major groups of phytochemicals
that have been suggested as a natural source of antioxidants may contribute to the total
antioxidant activity of plant materials including polyphenols (e.g. Flavonoids) and vitamins
such as vitamin C and E. The present study shows interest in the processing of a novel orange(Citrus sinensis) powder by the application of two recent and very new techniques, namely
micro-wet grinding of fresh orange with pulp and then Vacuum spray drying (VSD) process
to make powder. Orange juice with pulp contains fiber and more functional ingredients otherthan single juice. This is done by the blending the fruits with pulp, then micro-wet grinding
and finally get the concentrated orange (Citrus sinensis) juice with the smallest particle size.
Then the concentrated orange (Citrus sinensis) juice is subjected to the Vacuum spray drying
process.
In this study a Vacuum Spray Drying (VSD) method is proposed as a new drying
technique for producing orange fruit powder that will suppress the damage or loss ofthermosensitive functional ingredients. Special features of the equipments is performing lowtemperature dryness powderization of liquefied food by the uses of high superheated steam
for heat source. The exhausted gas is condensed by a condenser, it is easy to maintain vacuum
level and because of the superheated steam is used, it is possible to transport the powder under
the depression condition. The heat exchange is performed in vacuum and evaporation
temperature is a saturation temperature of the degree of vacuum. Vacuuming the drying towerof the VSD resulted in the lower drying temperatures (40-60oC) as compared to the existing
drying system and food powder rich in high heat sensitive ingredients is expected to beobtained continuously. In comparison with freeze drying, VSD is low cost and reduce thetime. Based on the above reason the experiment is designed for this study aim to determine
the most suitable conditions for VSD method use in fresh orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit
powder processing and to evaluate the physicochemical, functional properties of the powder
produced, including the contents of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, organic acid,flavonoids, total sugar, carotene, moisture, water activity, glass transition behavior, color andantioxidant activity and also to evaluate the effect of using the carrier agent, maltodextrin
addition in the orange (Citrus sinensis) juice.

45

Can ‘Kuntan’, Carbonized Rice Husk, Application Mitigate Global
Warming and Improve Rice Productivity?
Shinichi KOYAMA1, Takuto KATAGIRI1, Morio KATO2 and Hisayoshi HAYASHI2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Application of biochar, biomass-derived charcoal, has been recognized as one of theeffective methods for keeping carbon dioxide captured from the atmosphere into soil andimproving crop production. ‘Kuntan’ or carbonized rice husk had a long history used as a soil
amendment by the Japanese farmers. However, the recent researches on biochar provoke therenewal interests in its utilization for mitigating global warming. We evaluated the impacts of
Kuntan application on rice productivity, soil carbon (C) sequestration and methane (CH4)emission from paddy field in order to achieve a sustainable agriculture through recycling of C
and other nutrients in the soil.
The experiments were conducted at the Agricultural and Forestry Research Center,
University of Tsukuba from 2012 to 2014. A pot experiment was carried out in 2012 with
Kuntan (Ku) application at 0 (control), 0.2, 2, and 20 t ha-1, or rice husk (Rh) application at 2 t
ha-1. Four rice seedlings per hill (Oryza sativa L. var. Nipponbare) were transplanted per pot
with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizers. CH4 emission, rice yield and total soil C
were measured during rice cultivation. Field experiment was also carried out from 2012 to2014 in a randomized block design with three replications with consecutive applications of
the same rates of Ku or Rh. Rice yield and total soil C were measured for three years.
CH4 flux from Ku at 20 t ha-1 was increased significantly at the beginning of August whilethat of Rh at 2 t ha-1 became significantly higher than the control during the end of August to
the middle of September. As a result, cumulative CH4 emission from Ku at 20 t ha-1 was 9%higher; whereas the total emission of it from Rh was 45% higher than the control, the highest
among the treatments. Soil C content was increased as almost the same amounts of C appliedwith Ku remained at harvesting. This indicated that C in Ku was persistent and stable in soil
throughout rice cultivation. Rice yields in the pot experiment were increased proportionallywith amounts of Ku applied. Ku at 20 t ha-1 yielded significantly higher by 30% than thecontrol. In field experiment, however, yield for the first two years were not statisticallydifferent among the treatments. These results show Kuntan application could mitigate global
warming by increasing C sequestration in the paddy field without stimulating greenhouse gas
emission. The effects of Kuntan application on rice yield should be studied further toelucidate the mechanism of the positive influence of Kuntan that observed in the pot
experiment.

46

Potential Anticancer Properties of Polyphenols from Helicteres angustifolia
L. Root in Normal and Carcinoma Human Lung Cells
Kejuan LI, Zhenya ZHANG
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Herbal products and other supplements derived from plants are widely consumed inmany countries. The use of substances with natural origin as medicines, also known as
phytotherapy or complementary and alternative therapy (CAM), are sometimes practice alongwith conventional western medicine as an alternative therapy to treat diseases such as cancers.
Cancer is a major worldwide health problem due to the lack of comprehensive early detection
methods and effective treatment. Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in terms ofmortality and incidence worldwide and this malignancy accounts for approximately one sixthof all cancer deaths globally.
Helicteres, a genus belongs to the plant family of Sterculiaceae, distributed throughout
both tropical Asia and America, are shrubs or small trees and comprises about 60 species.
Several species of this genus have been used in traditional medicine system for centuries.
Helicteres angustifolia L., is a small shrub with grey green puberulent branchlets and small,brown seeds. Its bark is a source of useful fibers, and the roots and leaves are used in folk
medicine for the treatment of flu, pain, bacterial infections, inflammatory and cancer.
In previous study, we demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of aqueous extract of Helicteresangustifolia L. root against various carcinoma cells in vitro. Here, we separated thepolyphenols part from the aqueous extract and investigated the anticancer properties ofdifferent isolates of polyphenols using normal fetal lung fibroblast MRC5 andadenocarcinomic epithelial cells A549 as well as NCL-H1299. Polyphenol isolates were
provided with stepwise elution through HP20 macroporous resin by water, 20% ethanol, 40%
ethanol, 60% ethanol and 80% ethanol. And anticancer properties were analyzed using cell
viability assay, crystal violet assay and colony forming assay. To investigate the possible
mechanism of action of the active fraction, we also analyzed the effect on apoptosis andmigration morphology of normal and carcinoma cells. This study provides in vitro evidence
for the use of Helicteres angustifolia L. root in clinical treatment of cancer based on the low
utilization of the plant, moreover, to find the added value of this plant is another purpose.

47

A Portable Fluorescence Fingerprint Sensor for Rapid Meat Spoilage
Monitoring System
Dheni M. MALA1,3*，Masatoshi YOSHIMURA2，Susumu KAWASAKI2, Mito KOKAWA2,
Mizuki TSUTA2, Junichi SUGIYAMA2, Yutaka KITAMURA1
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 2National Food
Research Institute (NFRI), NARO, 3Center for Agro-based Industry, Ministry of Industry ofIndonesia

Main factor for meat spoilage is the microorganism content. Thus, microorganism
monitoring on meat is important. On the other hand, conventional microorganism monitoring
method for food is time consuming and laborious. Spectroscopy is a good technique to solve
this problem which is rapid and non-destructive analytical method. Fluorescence spectroscopy
has better sensitivity, selectivity and rapidity than absorption spectroscopy. The fluorescence
fingerprint (FF) is a set of fluorescence spectra acquired at consecutive excitation
wavelengths. FF has been used as a non-destructive technique for both qualitative andquantitative measurement (Fujita et al., 2010; Kokawa et al., 2012; Shibata et al., 2011).
Our previous research shows an appropriate Aerobic Plate Count (APC) estimation
2(R =0.975; RMSECV = 0.849 log CFU/ cm2) were achieved by FF coupled with fiber optics
for beef samples. Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) validation model for the systemshows high prediction with R2 validation and RMSEP are 0.813 and 0.881 log CFU/ cm2,
respectively. High related coefficient comes from several wavelength regions related to threekind of intrinsic fluorophores (NAD(P)H , Porphyrins, and Flavin).
Major drawback for the system was experiments were conducted on laboratory. Thus, it is notapplicable for ex-situ sampling condition. Moreover, this procedure requires the measurement offull FF, which is wide dimension data and quite time consuming. Therefore, our objective is todevelop a portable FF sensor for monitoring the meat spoilage during storage.
A portable FF system consists of LED light sources, Fiber Optics, and Band Pass Filter(BPF) was developed. The BPF reducing the dimension of FF to optimal combination of
excitation and emission wavelengths for tryptophan measurement.
Tryptophan solutions with different concentrations (10-3, 10-4 M, 10-5 M, and 10-6 M) wereprepared. The Fluorescence signal of tryptophan solutions were measured using portable FF
system. The results shows the fluorescence signals were 76, 222, 136, 133 a.u for tryptophan
concentration of 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 and 10-6 M, respectively. The results shows signals detected
were correspond to tryptophan concentration. However on high tryptophan concentration(10-3M) the concentration quenching effect was occurred. Concentration quenching is aphenomenon where a molecule quenches its own fluorescence at high concentration.
The ability of portable FF system to detect different tryptophan concentration is apromising fact that the system could detect tryptophan changes of meat spoilage.
48

Oocyte Centrifugation before or after ICSI Using Freeze-dried (FD) Sperm Is
Not Beneficial to in vitro Fertilization of in vitro Mature (IVM) Porcine
Oocytes
N.T. Men, K. Kikuchi, M. Nakai, H. Kaneko, J. Noguchi, T. Somfai, A. Fukuda, A.Tajima
Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Mammalian sperm preservation by freeze-drying has been considered as a safe and cheap
approach relative to cryopreservation in recent years. In the previous study, we reported that boar
sperm freeze-dried in a medium containing 15 mM trehalose maintain their DNA integrity better
than in a medium without trehalose but there were no differences in fertilization and blastocyst
formation rates. Porcine oocytes are characterized by a dark, granulated ooplasm due to its highlipid content and thus, considered much difficult to manipulate compared with other species (e.g.
human and mice). Centrifugation (CF) to stratify cytoplasm facilitates the observation of sperm
release in ooplasm (Wall et al, 1985). Our hypothesis is ‘the redistribution of cytoplasm after CF
may facilitate the interaction between sperm and oocyte, thus, increase fertilization efficacy’. In
experiment 1, mature oocytes were centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 20 min at 37 ºC to investigate
the relative distance of chromosome-spindle complex (CSC) to polar body (PB), compared with
before CF. Three types of location were classified (A, B and C, type C shows the most distant
between CSC and PB) and 3 distinctive layers were observed as described by Fahrudin et al,2007 (no organelle, mitochondria and lipid). The percentage of oocytes with type B was 2-foldhigher in CF-oocytes compared with before CF as a result of CF. In experiment 2, mature oocytes
were subjected to CF before injection, then FD sperm freeze-dried without trehalose were
injected into 3 different layers of CF-oocytes. The effect of oocyte CF before injection wasassessed. One hour after injection, electric activation (EA) was applied to injected oocytes. The
oocytes were then cultured in vitro for 9 h and then fixed and stained to examine fertilization
status. There was no difference in normal or abnormal fertilization among all groups comparedwith control (oocyte without CF). In experiment 3, the effect of oocyte CF after injection with
sperm freeze-dried with 15 mM trehalose was examined. One hour after injection, the oocytes
were subject to CF combined with or without EA (CF+EA+; CF+EA-) or without CF combinedwith or without EA (CF-EA+; CF-EA-). Fertilization status was assessed as in experiment 2.
There was no effect of CF on any parameters of fertilization. However, normal fertilization rate
was significantly improved in groups with EA applied (P<0.05, one-way ANOVA). These results
confirm the importance of additional electric stimulation to activate pig ICSI-oocytes. Notably,
the percentage of non-activated oocytes (re-arrested-oocytes at metaphase stage) was
significantly higher in the groups without EA. This suggests that mechanical injection procedure
is not sufficient to induce oocyte activation to proceed to the pronuclear stage.

49

Effects of Integrated Application of Composts and Chemical Fertilizer on
Nitrogen Recovery, Internal Nitrogen Use Efficiencies and Yield of Potato(Solanum tuberosum) in an Andosol Soil
Tekini G. NAKIDAKIDA1, Morio KATO2 and Hisayoshi HAYASHI2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Potato, the third most important crop globally after rice and wheat in terms of humanconsumption, requires adequate available nutrients to be productive. Potato production in Fiji juststarted, where most growers use chemical fertilizers (CF) for potato production but are faced withhigh costs of them. As a result, total input of CF is not enough for getting a good yield. In thisresearch, sources of nitrogen (N) including CF (21% N), swine manure (SM, 1.8% N) and poultry
manure (PM, 2.5% N) composts were applied in a continuous potato production system forevaluating their effects on yield, apparent N recovery and the internal N use efficiencies.
The experiment was carried out at the Agriculture and Forestry Research Center,
University of Tsukuba from March, 2012 to November, 2013. Ten fertilization treatments
including sole SM, PM, CF, six integrated levels (SM or PM with CF) and Zero (no application)
were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Applications were set at 12kgN/10a for spring planting and reduced by 25% for fall planting. Plot sizes were 18.72m2. Plant
and row spacing were 0.3m and 0.8m, respectively except in the spring of 2012. Treatments wereconducted in the same area and potatoes were cultivated continuously. Cultivar “Danshaku” wasused in spring planting while cultivars “Nishiyutaka” and “Dejima” were planted in fall of 2012
and 2013, respectively. Plant length, SPAD and LAI were measured after 23 days after planting(DAP). Whole plants were harvested two weeks before the tuber was harvested at the maturity
level for measuring apparent N recovery and internal N use efficiency. Total tuber yield and yieldproduction efficiency (kgFW per unit N applied) was measured at maturity (100 -110 DAP).
Marketable tubers were those that weigh more than or equal to 50g.
Plant growths in SM plots were the same as CF 100% in terms of growth while it was
lower in PM plots. Composts had a significant effect by increasing total tuber yields. Comparedto CF (100%), SM (100%) had 3% more total tuber yield in 2012 spring and PM (100%) had
14% more in 2013 spring planting. The integrated fertilization plots increased yield in continuous
cropping while continuous CF application did not. The total tuber production efficiency had apositive correlation to tuber yield. Generally, most integrated fertilization plots had higher
apparent N recovery efficiency in the continuous cropping. The total internal N use efficiency ofPM (100%) was above 700 gFW/gN in spring of 2012. The integrated plots also had higher totalinternal N use efficiency. Continuous application of CF negatively affected crop productivity by
declining both total and marketable yield of tuber. Sole application of SM or PM composts andtheir integration levels with CF increased tuber yield. It might be concerned slow mineralization
and residual fertility of composts, which had an advantage of integrating composts to supplement
CF. The study concluded that the composts can be effectively use to supplement of CF in potato
production.

50

Ag ESD Symposium – University of Tsukuba 2014

Integrated Plantation Model for Sustainable Food, Feed and Fuel
Production
Nugroho Adi SASONGKO1,2*and Ryozo NOGUCHI1
1

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-85777, Japan
The Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology, BPPT, 10340, Indonesia

2

One of world problem in the future is how to sustain the availability of food, feed andfuel. Many people assume that, environmentally friendly of energy can be provided bybioenergy. But unfortunately, bioenergy production is feared to disrupt the feedstock of foodfor humans and feed for animals. For example today, the largest bioethanol source is supplied
from sugarcane and biodiesel is delivered from edible oil (corn, sun flower, palm oil). In this
proposed concept, the integrated plantation is able to supply food, feed and fuel in a large
scale. Palm oil plantation is taken as a model by reason of a world main source of edible oil,large scale commercial plantation across the world and release huge amount of solid waste
and liquid effluent. Meanwhile, in some countries such as Indonesia and Brazilcurrently relies
heavily on the biodiesel derived from palm oil.In Indonesia, Oil palm plantations stretch
across 9 million hectares. The country plans until 2025 to expand additional6 million hectares
towards oil palm based biodiesel production.There are a number of ways todiminishacceleration of land and rain forest conversion to industrial plantations as occurs in
oil palm plantation devoted to the biodiesel production. Government might develops otherprospective bioenergy source, namely microalgae. As an alternative, microalgae is believed to
be a source of the third generation bioenergy, which not interfere with the food supply chain,great productivity and can grow on non-agricultural land. However, microalgae is a plant thatneeds large amounts of water and nutrients in cultivation phase and requires excessive energy
at the downstream processes. In this study, we will offer a concept on how to accomplish of
the above problems in an integrated plantation. This research analysed material and energybalance of crude palm oil and microalgae based biodiesel production cycle. Energy inputs had
lessen as a result of outputs from one system can serve as inputs to other by integrating Palm
Oil Mill Effluent (POME) treatment, biomass power plant, biogas production, microalgae
cultivation, and co-products utilization. Consequently, the energy and material balances of theintegrated system could significantly outperform those from the single system. Furthermore,sustainable integrated food, feed and biofuel production could be achieved.

51

Enhancing Biohydrogen Production from Ipomoea aquatica by
Optimization of Inoculum and Substrate
Mishma S STANISLAUS, Zhu QI, Dawei LI, Yingnan YANG
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
Towards overcoming the impending shortage of readily available fuel and supplementing
fossil fuels; bioenergy is an unavoidable option and precisely biohydrogen can be an alternative
source of energy due to its eco-friendly nature. One option would be to use biological means
such as potential substrates to produce hydrogen through fermentation. In this research
Ipomoea aquatica, a semi aquatic, tropical plant grown as a leafy vegetable is used as thesubstrate for biohydrogen production. It’s known to remove pollutants from polluted waste
water, but becomes unfit for human consumption. Nevertheless, its high carbohydrate content(54%) makes it a viable substrate for biohydrogen production. A sustainable approach towards
fermentation of I. aquatica with digested sludge for the first time, in order to produce
biohydrogen is the objective of this research. Digested sludge (DS) used as inoculum in thisresearch is a mixed culture containing both hydrogen producing bacteria (HPB) and hydrogenconsuming bacteria (HCB). In order to inhibit the HCB, the DS was subjected to thermal
pretreatment. From the results thermal pretreatment showed 2.7 times higher hydrogenproduction than the control. Further experiments were carried out using Response surface
methodology software, to investigate the best thermal conditions for pretreatment from a seriesof condition. Thermal pretreatment at 90°C for 60 min showed the highest hydrogen yield (HY)and was used for optimization of inoculum. Optimized inoculum was then used to produce
biohydrogen from I. aquatica. The plant was optimized using various pretreatment conditions
like freezing, boiling, drying and NaOH pretreatment, to attain the highest HY. Frozen dried I.
aquatica demonstrated the highest HY of 217.2 ml/g-VS which was manifold higher than othersubstrates like corn stalk and wheat straw. In conclusion, this fermentation system is costeffective and sustainable. It’s the first time I. aquatica is used as substrate to produce hydrogen,which can solve energy needs as well as environmental problems like eutrophication.

52

Preventing Effect of Polyion Complex on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion
under Raindrop Impact
Kenta YAMADA1, Motoyoshi KOBAYASHI2 and Haruyuki FUJIMAKI3
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

2
3

Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, Tottori, Japan.
It is said that more than 50% of soil degraded area is due to water erosion, which is resulted fromthe detachment and transport of soil particles by raindrop impact and runoff flow. Reducing soil erosion is essential for sustainable food production and environment.
We examined the preventing effect of polyion complex (PIC), the complex of polycation andpolyanion against raindrop erosion using a rainfall simulator and a compact soil box. The used PIC
solution was composed of polycation (Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride), polyanion (polyacrylic acid), electrolyte (KNO3) and pH adjuster (KOH). In the PIC solution with appropriate salt
concentration, attractive electrostatic interaction between polycation and polyanion is suppressed, sothat the transparent PIC solution is formed. Lowing salt concentration changes the equilibrium stateof the PIC solution to the gel state.
The Tottori masa soil (decomposed granite) was packed into an acrylic box with 40.0 cm length,15.0 cm width and 12.5 cm depth. Infiltrated water can be drained through the holes made on thebottoms of upper and lower reaches. The soil in a box was saturated with tap water from the bottom
by capirally suction. Then, the PIC solution was applied to the soil surface under three different doses of PIC solution 0, 1, 3 L m-2. The runoff was collected from an outlet port located at the downstream edge every 10 minutes. The volume of runoff and the mass of washed soil were measured.
The duration and intensity of rainfall were 120 minutes and about 70 mm h-1 respectively. This intensity was very low compared with the hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil. Therefore theoccurrence of runoff reflects the change of soil structure and the formation of crust.
The experimental results clearly show that the cumulative runoff and the cumulative soil loss
were affected by the applied amount of the PIC solution. That is, the runoff and the soil loss decrease
with increasing the amount of applied PIC solution. The soil loss is generally generated by soil detachment and subsequent transport of soil particles by raindrop impact and surface runoff flow; thesurface runoff is brought about by decreased hydraulic conductivity resulted from the crust formation on soil surface. Therefore our results suggest that insoluble PIC gels, which are formed bydecreased of salt concentration due to rainfall, act as a binding agent between the soil particles andthen stabilize soil structure.

53

Effects of Extreme Event on Agricultural Production Efficiency inBangladesh*Md. Shah ALAMGIR and **Jun FURUYA*Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan**Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Japan
Keywords: cyclone, efficiency
Bangladesh is a global hotspot for extreme event and the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) has ranked as the world’s most vulnerable country to the adverse
impacts of tropical cyclones. The coastal zone of Bangladesh is particularly prone to the risksof natural disasters due to a high exposure of extreme natural events such as severe cyclone
and storm surges. The cyclone Aila was such kind of natural hazards hit to south west coastal
region leading to a long term crisis situation and causing unprecedented sufferings inparticular areas of farm families. Most of agricultural lands were inundated with saline waterfrom cyclone-induced storm surges and the major crops such as boro rice, vegetables, fish andshrimp farms etc. were devastated. Farmers were extremely challenged with salinity and they
could not cultivate crops. This study try to investigate the agricultural production status offarm households, what type of farms were mostly damaged and examine the effects ofextreme event on the efficiency of agricultural farms. The cost minimization model of farmhouseholds will be used to know the efficiency of agricultural production. The study has
conducted a pre-test with farmers and final data were randomly collected from 84 farmhouseholds through the use of structured questionnaires on face to face interview in Koyra
Upazila mostly known for agricultural production and damaged by cyclone. From the study it
is found that hired labor contribute the highest expenditure for farm production compare toother costs for per planted area. It is generated that income and profit of the farm households
are negative in different villages and most of rice farms were fully damaged by Aila hit. This
research will provide key connections between extreme event and agricultural production
efficiency, produce findings on cost function and efficiency analysis for farm production andmeasure the impacts of extreme event on agricultural production of farm households in
Bangladesh.
Reference
Dasgupta S. et al. (2011) Cyclones in a Changing Climate: The Case of Bangladesh, theWorld Bank report, pp1-26, Washington, DC, USA
Nay M. A. (2011) Agricultural efficiency of rice farmers in Myanmar: A case study in selectedareas, IDE discussion paper, pp1-26, Chiba, Japan
Rabbani G. (2013) Salinity-induced loss and damage to farming households in coastal
Bangladesh, Int. J. Global Warming, 5: 400-415

54

The Effect of Free air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Condition on the Yield andChemical Composition of Rice Ratoon Grown for Two Weeks
Tatsuro AYATSUKA1, Yasuhiro USUI2, Hidemitsu SAKAI2, Takeshi TOKIDA2,
Hiroshi NAKAMURA3, Minehiko FUKUOKA2, Mayumi YOSHIMOTO2,
Toshihiro HASEGAWA2, Osamu ENISHI4, Atsushi ASANO5, Morio KATO5,
Atsushi TAJIMA5 and Naoto ISHIKAWA5
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences
3
Taiyokeiki Co. Ltd
4
NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science5
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
2

It was proposed that the well growing rice ratoon after harvest should be used as ruminant’s
feed because of its potential in biomass and high quality with high crude protein anddigestibility as roughage (Arifusa et al., 2012). It is expected that biomass of rice ratoon isgoing to increase, because the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in near
future and the effects of high [CO2] on the yield and quality in other crops have been reported(Elizabeth et al., 2004). Therefore, the effects of high [CO2] on the yield and chemicalcomposition of rice ratoon grown for two weeks were investigated in the present study.
An ambient [CO2] (AMB: control) and an elevated [CO2] (FACE, AMB+200µmol mol-1:
treatment) plots were set with 4 replications, respectively, in Tsukuba FACE site establishedin farmers’ rice field in Tsukubamirai City of Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. [CO2] in FACE waselevated from 28 May to 13 September, 2013. Akitakomachi was tested as a cultivar which
was cut on 30 August remaining 10cm height stubble in AMB and FACE. Rice ratoon
cultivated 2 weeks after the cutting was sampled in each site on 13 September. In growth
survey conducted on 30 August, 2, 6, 13 September, stem number (SN) and plant length (PL:only 2, 6 September) were recorded. After the sampling, dry matter weight (DMW) of
samples was recorded. Crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF)
and crude ash (CA) in the samples, and sugar and starch content (SSC) in the stubble wereanalyzed. ANOVA and correlation analysis were conducted for statistical analysis.
SN and PL in all growth survey schedules, DMW, and SSC in the stubble increased
significantly in FACE than those in AMB. CP was significantly smaller in FACE than AMB.
Positive correlation between SSC and DMW was detected (p<0.01).
These results suggested that the effects of high [CO2] before harvest might facilitate thegrowth of rice ratoon during 2 weeks after harvest via carryover effect of SSC stocked instuuble.

55

Wine Production from Whole Blueberry (Rabbiteye)by Use of Wet Milling Process
Pingping CAI, Yutaka KITAMURA
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Blueberries are perennial flowering plants with indigo-colored berries in the section
Cyanococcus within the genus Vaccinium. Blueberry has a lot of dietary fibers andpolyphenols with its substrate such as resveratrol and anthocyanin. Therefore, it is said to beeffective for recovery of eye strain, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and prevention oflifestyle-related disease. Currently, in addition to raw food eating, blueberries are supplied asmaterials of a variety of products such as jam, baked-cakes and wine. In the manufacturing
process of the wine, functional ingredients such as dietary-fiber and polyphenols that areabundant in pericarp and seeds, were lost by filtration and squeezing process. In this study, we
proposed a wet milling process which makes filtration and squeezing unnecessary in order tokeep rich in functional ingredients of the new wine product.
The approach to make whole blueberry wine could be divided into three processes. First,
pretreatment, the miniaturization of washed blueberries, harvested from Tsukuba area wasapproached by the blender and wet milling machine. The milling characteristic of the
blueberries was analyzed as particle size distribution. Second, the fermentation process was
initiated by addition of sugar and yeast, and the dilution ratio of the juice with water waschanged in order to find the better dilution to make good wine. In this fermentation process,the temporal change of pH, glucose, organic acids such as ethanol and other parameters wereobserved. The last process, the dietary fiber and polyphenols of blueberry wine were
examined by implementing a functional test based on the food sensory test method. By thisnew process, the production of delicious-functionality wine with whole blueberries is
expected to provide a positive effect on the human health and decrease lifestyle-relateddisease.
The successfully process of whole blueberry wine production is expected to contribute to
the six primary industries of blueberry producer in Tsukuba area. The value of blueberry is
hopefully increased.

56

Study on the Temporal Change in Regional Characteristics of Agricultureand Livestock Production in Inner Mongolia of China
Hongxi DU1), Naoto ISHIKAWA2), Atsushi ASANO2), Atsushi TAJIMA2)
1) Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan
2) Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
The present study was conducted to reveal the temporal changes of agricultural andanimal production in Inner Mongolia using Inner Mongolian Statistical Year Books between
2002 and 2013.
It has been reported that Inner Mongolia can be subdivided into six climate zones by thegrassland types. The climatic condition of each zone was determined by Köppen-Geiger
Climate Classification (KGCC) and representative grassland, and agriculture and urban region
was selected in each zones
By using KGCC, it was shown that two regions at zone 1 are defined as Dwb (snow,
winter dry, warm summer) and three regions at zone 6, are defined as BWk (arid, desert, cold).
Eleven regions in zone 2 - 5 are classified as BSk (arid, steppe, cold) except only one Dwb
and Dwa (Snow, winter dry, hot summer).
It was revealed that the cattle, goats and sheep are priority animal products in all six zones.
On the other hand, agricultural production (grain, cereal, corn, oil-bearing crops, wheat, beans
and tubers) is high in zone 1, 2, 4 and 5. In these four zones, the pig, horse, donkey and muleare the priorities, whereas camels are mainly at zone 1, 3, 5 and 6.
Further analysis is required to disclose the temporal changes in the agricultural and animal
production of each zone in Inner Mongolia.

57

Parthenocarpy for Improving Fruits Production:
Isolation of Pistil or Early Fruit Specific Genes of Tomato
Kentaro EZURA1, Ji-Seong KIM2, Tohru ARIIZUMI2, Hiroshi EZURA2
1
2

Graduate school of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Tomato is widely produced in the world, and its production is the largest among all
vegetables, although it is easily suffering from harsh environmental condition. Parthenocarpy
is a unique feature of fruit development, the conversion of pistil to fruit, in the absence ofpollination and/or fertilization. It’s a highly desirable trait for fruit-bearing crops. Up to date,
several genetically engineered parthenocarpic tomato lines have been produced bymanipulating levels of phytohormones. However, these induced parthenocarpic tomato lines
still have undesirable pleiotropic traits on the vegetative organs and taste. Controllable
parthenocarpic fruit development without undesirable side effects would be of great value forsustainable fruit production.
To develop effective engineering tools for inducing parthenocarpy in tomato, this research
is focused on the isolation and characterization of pistil or early fruit specific genes and theirpromoters. We performed RNA-Seq based transcriptome analysis using 25 samples ofdifferent tissues and developmental stages, identifying genes specifically expressed within thepistils of before/after-anthesis stages. The transcriptome data were compared between that ofpistil and that of the other organs by the RPKM (reads per kb per million) level. In thisanalysis, 945 genes were initially identified as pistil-specific genes. Then highly expressed 20
genes of six different developmental stages of pistil were selected, while the after-anhesis
stage had only 8 candidates. Finally, non-redundant 80 genes were subjected for the RT-PCR
analysis, revealing that 14 genes were highly and specifically expressed only in the pistil.
Four genes were further selected as candidate of engineering tools for induction ofparthenocarpy and research on fruit formation. Production of transgenic parthenocarpic
tomatos using promoters of these four pistil specific genes is in progress. Furthermore newtissue specific peptide hormone like protein, which might be important for fertilization orsenescence of reproductive organs, was isolated.
Our research will be useful for developing a beneficial tool for pistil-specific genemodification and also progressing study of fruit set, while isolated pistil specific genes would
provide a new insight on fruit formation of tomato.

58

ColloidTransport
in P
Partially
Sand Col
ColumnCollooid Trans
sport inartially Saturated
Saturated
S
Sand
lumn
YosukeYosuk
ke FUJITA1, Motoyoshi
Motoyoshhi KOBAYASHIKOBAYA
ASHI2
1

Graduate
Environmental
Tsukuba,
Graduaate School of
o Life and Environmen
Ental Sciences,
Sciencees, University
Universiity of Tsuku
uba, Tsukuba,
Tsukubba, Japan
Sciences,
Tsukuba,
Factly of Life andd Environmental
Environmeental Scienc
ces, University
Universsity of Tsukuba,Tsukuuba, Tsukub
ba, Japan

2

Colloidal
Collloidalparticles
particles like
like clay
cllay minerals
mineralls andand microorganisms
micrroorganismss adsorb contaminants,
coontaminantss, which
subsurface
migrate with the particles inn subsurfac
ce environment.
environm
ment. Therefore,
Therrefore, to ppredict the fate ofcontaminants,
contamiinants, it is necessary toto understandunderstannd the transporttranspport properties
propertties of thesee colloidal particles.
pcolloidchemistry,
In previous
previious studies,studiess, factors affecting
afffecting collloid transporttranspoort such as solution ch
hemistry, andan
nd water
However,velocityy so on are investigated.
investigateed. Howeve
er, most off previous studies
studies weree carried outouut underwater-saturated
water-sa
aturated condition.
condition. TheTh
he effect off charging properties of colloidal
al particles and soil
unsaturated
sufficiently
matrix oon colloid transport inn unsaturate
ed condition
condition has not beenbsuffici
iently examined.
exam
mined. In
research,experiments
this reseearch, we conductedccolumncexperiments byy using well-characterizedwelll-characteriized colloidal
colloid
dal silica
nm)
Toyoura(0.27
contents.
(128 nmm) and Toyooura sand (00.27 mm) inn various water
water content
ts. Both thee silica particles
partiicles andToyouranegative
solutioncontrol
the Toy
youra sand havehnegativve charge vvaried by soolution pH; we can con
ntrol the magnitude
magnitude
surfaceadjustedof surfa
ace charge byb changing
g solution pH.
pH
H. Water content
coontent of sandsannd was adju
usted by controllingcon
ntrolling
appliedsuspension.
experimental
suction and applie
ed flux of colloidalcsuuspension. SchematicSviewvof expperimental setup is
shown iin Fig.1.
ObtaineddimensionlessObtai
ined resultss are shownn in Fig. 2,, where thee horizontall axis is dim
mensionless inflow
relative
volume and the verticalveertical axis is the relat
tive concentration
concenntration of outflowedossilica particles.
particcles. The
variation
concentration
results rrevealed thatthhat the temporal
temp
poral variat
tion of effluent
efflu
uent silica concentratiocon was affected
affeected bycondition,
thecolloidal
solutionn pH. In higher
hiigher pH co
ondition, th
he deposition
depositio
on of collo
idal silica tto Toyouraa sand isinhibitedhighlyinhibited by electrostatic
electroostatic repulsive
repu
ulsive force, which arises
arises from hig
ghly chargedd colloidal particles
soil
result,, silica parparticles
throughand soiil matrix. As
A a result
rticles quickly
quickly pass thhrough the column media.
mIn
addition,increasedsaturation.
additionn, depositionn amount iss slightly inncreased withwiith decreasing
decreasinng saturatio
on. On one hand, indiminishedto thee less chargee of soil matrix
low pH condition, repulsive force
foorce was diiminished owingomaatrix andcolloidal
canToyouracolloida
al particles, thus colloidal
colloid
dal silica ca
an deposit ontooToyourra sand. As a consequence,
consequeence, theconcentration
increases
Deposition
effluentt concentrat
tion of silica
silicca slowly inncreases at early stages.
stages. Depositio
on amount of silica
dramaticallyincrease
lowering
dramatically increa
ase with low
wering waterr contents..
Sat m
means
eans saturatttion.
ion.

view
Fig.1 Schematic vi
iew of column
n experimentss setup.

59

Fig.2 Colloidal
breakthroughColloiidal silica breeakthrough curves.
cu
urves.

Screening of Anti-cancer Stem Cell Agents from Eucommia ulmoides Leaf
2
1
Ayaka
Fujiwara1, Akihide Ryo
Ayaka
FUJIWARA
RYO,2Yoshihito, YoshihitoSuzuki
SUZUKI1
1

2

Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine

Du zhong tea is made from Eucommia ulmoides leaves and is drunken as herbal
medicinal drink. Many types of effects have been shown for the test including estrogen-like
activity. In this study, we conducted search for anti-cancer stem cell agents from an extract ofdu zhong powdered tea made from E. ulmoides leaves using cultured cell lines with cancer
stem cell (CSC) properties. Cancer stem cell is present in minute quantity in cancer tissues
and has low ability to devide. It has multilineage potential and self-renewal ability, andexhibit resistance to conventional anticancer agents. Therefore, it is considered to be the maincause of recurrence and metastasis. Preliminary experiment has shown that the PBS extract of
du-zhong powdered tea has an effect to inhibit CSC growth. This study aimed at isolation andidentification of the anti-CSC agents.
In this study, we used cultured CSC-like cell line, iCSCL-10A, developed byProfessor Ryo at Yokohama City University. In the assay, breast cancer cells MCF7 andMM231 were also used as control cancer cell lines in order to search for the specificinhibitors of CSCs growth.
By solvent
By solvent
partitioning,partitioning,
the anti-CSC
the anti-CSC
activity
activity
waswasrecovered
recoveredin inthethewaterwater phase
phase after
n-butanol extraction, indicating high polarity of the active components. The active fraction
was further fractionated by HILIC using Diol column, and successive ODS HPLCs. Finallythe active fraction was purified to be a single peak on an ODS HPLC. NMR analysis of theactive fraction showed that the fraction has high purity. Different types of NMR
spectroscopies as well as mass spectroscopy have been obtained. I am now analyzing thespectroscopic data to determine the structure. I am also preparing the same active compoundto facilitate other types of analyses.

Reference
Nishi et al. (2014) Oncogene, 33, 643-652.
Wang et al. (2011) Food Chemistry, 129, 408-416.

60

Study on Migratory Ability of Gonadal Germ Cells (GGCs)
from 7-day-old Chick Embryos
Haruka FUKUDA1, Atsushi TAJIMA2, Naoto ISHIKAWA2, Atsushi ASANO2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Keywords: Gonadal Germ Cells, Migratory Ability, PBS[- ]method

The conservation of genetic resource is extremely important for maintaining biologicaldiversity. This is true for avian, where 13.25 % out of 10,065 known species are reported to beendangered. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to develop a system to conserve avian
genetic resources. In chicken, a system of conserving avian genetic resources throughgermline chimera using primordial germ cells (PGCs) or gonadal germ cells (GGCs), which
are ancestral cells for sperm and egg, has been developed. Recently, a phenomenon of
spontaneous GGCs discharge was reported when embryonic gonad was incubated in PBS[-](Nakajima et al. 2011). It was considered, however, that not all GGCs in the embryonic gonad
are discharged during incubation in PBS[-]. Therefore, present study was conducted tocompare the nature of discharged GGCs (d-GGCs) into PBS[-] and undischarged GGCs
(u-GGCs), which remained in the embryonic gonad after incubation in PBS[-].
Results showed that the migratory ability of d-GGCs and u-GGCs toward developing
gonads did not differ significantly after transfer into recipient embryos at all four possible sex
combinations (P>0.05).
The future study should be directed toward examining the temporal changes in the cellularassociation of d-GGCs and u-GGCs with gonadal somatic cells during embryogenesis.

61

Isolation and Histological Characterization of Heat Tolerant Mutant Linesfrom Micro-Tom Mutant Collections
Shoma FUKUMOTO1, Sayaka OSHIMA2, Mina AIBA2, Ken HOSHIKAWA3
Hiroshi EZURA3
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Central Japan Railway Company
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
2

Abiotic stress including high temperature, salinity and drought has been serious
problems for food production in the world. Heat stress higher than 35/25℃ day/nighttemperature reduces the pollen fertility and seriously affects tomato fruits production.
According to the research of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), thetemperature of global surface will get 0.2℃ forward 10 years. Then the high temperaturestress will be a major problem in the future society. Although currently some heat tolerant
tomato varieties are available, their quality and yield of fruits are not sufficient. It motivates
us to create a new material for heat-tolerant tomato breeding. In this research, we isolated heat
tolerant tomato lines conferring improved fruits setting ability at high temperature condition
from Micro-Tom mutant collections generated by EMS treatment.
In the first year, we grew the mutant collections under high temperature condition,and isolated 82 mutant lines. In second year, we evaluated those mutant lines and isolated
higher tolerant 15 mutant lines showing higher tolerance to the higher temperature. In thirdyear, the 15 mutants were grown at high temperature again, and characterized for fruits setting
rate, fruits productivity and pollen viability. Among the 15 mutant lines, four lines (HT1, HT4,
HT10, HT15) showed parthenocarpy, resulting in high percentage of fruit setting at hightemperature condition. Fruits setting rate of wild type (WT), HT1, HT4, HT10, and HT15 wasabout 6.0, 18.9, 21.4, 20.6, and 22.4％, respectively. Fruits size of HT1, HT4 and HT15 aresmaller than that of WT. On the other hand, HT10 fruits size was nearly identical to the WT.
Although fruits harvested from all lines contained seeds, HT7 had higher number offruits with seeds than WT. It was likely that HT7 succeeded in pollination under hightemperature condition due to the production of more viable pollen than WT. Total pollen
number and pollen viability of WT and HT7 were measured by TTC(2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining. Total pollen number and viable pollen numberof HT7 were higher than that of WT. To find out what causes the improved pollen number andquality, sections of anther were made at anthesis stage. As a result, the anther wall of HT7 wasdehisced, but that of WT did not. In general, heat stress induces failure of anther dehiscenceand most of pollen cannot be released from the anther. Altogether, it is likely that HT7 canproduce high amount of viable pollen and make anther dehiscence and pollen release,resulting in better fruit setting even under heat stress condition. These mutant lines will be
breeding materials for novel heat tolerant tomato cultivars.

62

Enhancement of Ultrasonication and Photocatalysis Synergy for Treating
Refractory Organic Wastewater by Using PEGm-TiO2 Coated Glass Beads
Zhibin GU, Dawei LI, Qi ZHU and Yingnan YANG*
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan*

E-mail: yo.innan.fu@u.tsukuba.ac.jp

Keywords: Photocatalyst; ultrasonic irradiation; PEG; TiO2; organic wastewater.
Wastes from industries, farms, and so on are increasing year by year. Many efforts havebeen devoted in removing undesirable components, materials and inclusions from thesewastes to decrease damages to the environment. A variety of biological and physicochemical
processes have been proposed depending on the properties of the wastes. To date, the mostwidely used physicochemical methods in water treatment systems are chlorination, ozonationand germicidal lamps (UV). However, they have their own limitations therefore, rapid andeffcient processing of refractory organic waste water is left unsolved.
Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2 as photocatalyst is one of theattractive practice for wastewater purification as it has the characteristics of high efficiency,
low cost, and easy operation under ambient conditions. However, its practical application isseriously limited by aggregation and tedious post-separation of TiO2 nanoparticles. Chemical
activation for the occurrence of the reaction can also be achieved by sonochemical activation.
In the present study, TiO2 coated glass beads was used which has a larger surface area
thereby, enhanced the treatment of organic waste water. The TiO2 layer coated on the glass
beads is easy to separate and fall into the solution during ultrasonic treatment. For enhancing
the coating effect of the synthesized TiO2 thin film on the glass beads, polyethylene glycol(PEG) was added as a binder and dispersant.
Addition of PEG-2000 in the sol obviously enhanced the stability of TiO2 thin film on
the glass beads among the PEG 300, 2000, 6000, 20000.The degradation rate of RhB after 2htreatment using UV followed by US was 93.91%, which was 1.14 times higher than UV
treatment 43and 6.24 times higher than US treatment.
The synergy of photocatalysis using the PEG-modified TiO2 glass beads as
photocatalysts and UV+US irradiation proved to be a promising option for purification oforganic wastewater.

63

Role of Polyphenols in the Regulation of Sirtuin1
Mayo HADANO¹, Mayuko OSA¹, Che Wei WU¹ and Hitoshi MIYAZAKI²¹Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan²Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Daily diet is closely related to our health. Polyphenols are the most abundantantioxidants in the diet and various beneficial effects of polyphenols on our health have been
demonstrated. It was confirmed that polyphenols are capable of preventing degenerative
diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Resveratrol is one of thepolyphenols contained in red wine, and it is getting popular because of its ability to activate
Sirtuin1 (Sirt1). Sirt1 is a NAD+-dependent histone protein deacetylase that is activated bycaloric restriction and plays an important role in the regulation of cellular metabolism,
inflammatory, and antioxidant responses. Sirt1 may also interfere with mechanisms
implicated in pathological disorders. The most unique feature of Sirt1 is to regulate
mammalian longevity and aging. Previous studies indicated that Sirt1-overexpression mouseshowed significant life span extension. That is why Sirt1 is a longevity gene. Our laboratory
has proved that multiple polyphenols as well as resveratrol can induce the expression ofantioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells (VECs), whichmeans that those polyphenols have protective effects against vascular diseases. However, wehave not investigated whether Sirt1 is implicated in those effects. Therefore, this study was
performed to find polyphenols that can activate Sirt1 like resveratrol.
Polyphenols used in this study were the following: hydroxytyrosol (HT; from olive),
epigallo catechin gallate (EGCG; from green tea), carnosic acid (CA; from rosemary) and
3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA; from coffee), all of which have been shown to increase
antioxidant enzymes expression and reduce reactive oxide species (ROS). To screen thesepolyphenols at first, RT-PCR and western blot analysis were performed, using resveratrol as apositive control. Relative Sirt1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels was increased bythese compounds. Next, to investigate whether Sirt1 plays a crucial role in VECs, woundhealing tests were performed. As a result, each polyphenol promoted wound repair, which was
blocked by the Sirt1 inhibitor Ex-527, suggesting that Sirt1 is critically involved in wound
repair in VECs.
Taken together, these resluts indicate that not only resveratrol but also other polypenolic
compounds exhibit their biological activity by activating Sirt1.

64

Effects of Ashitaba Supplementation on Physiological
Responses in Holstein under Heat Stress
Kobra HEMMATY1 , Yoshitaka WACHI2, Soichi ISHIDA3, Hitoshi MIYAZAKI4,
Atsushi ASANO4, Naoto ISHIKAWA4 and Atsushi TAJIMA4
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan.

2

3Nougakuken Center Co.,Ltd.
Snow Brand Seed Co., Ltd.
4
Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Cattle reply to inclement climate by immediate behavior and physiological responses.
Acute heat stress is an immediate response to the high temperature above 72 Temperature
Humidity Index (THI) by cattle, which affects respiration rate, vaginal temperature, dry matterintake, water intake, milk yield, protein percent, and fat percent of milk. In terms of animal
welfare and performance of livestock, well design shade, sprinkler and fan in the cattle barn may
help to reduce the heat stress.
Recently, an alternative method to alleviate heat stress was reported in female rat by
supplementing ashitaba (Angelica Keiskei Koidzumi) into feed. The underlying mechanism of the
reduction of heat stress is considered to be due to potent anti-oxidative effects of 4hydroxyderricin(4HD) and Xanthoangelol (XA) contained in ashitaba.
However, effects of feeding ashitaba on the alleviation of heat stress in dairy cattle havenot been evaluated so far. Therefore, a series of experiments will be conducted to evaluate thephysiological and behavioral responses of ashitaba supplemention to the heat-stressed milking
cow at Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba
Changes in ilk production and quality, blood composition, and behavioral responses will
be analyzed before and after feeding ashitaba in heat stressed dairy cow.

65

Functionality of “Teadenol,” a New Polyphenolic Compound
Extracted from a Tea Leaf Fermented by Aspergillus PK-1
Tsubasa IKEYA1, Chikako WATANABE1, Ming Wei HUNG1, Che Wei WU1,
Shigeki YOSHIDA2, Denbei KAWAMURA3, and Hitoshi MIYAZAKI2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
3
RIVERSON Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan2

As lifestyle-related diseases grow into serious problems, the importance of dietary habit isgetting more attention and studies on the functionality of natural compounds, especiallypolyphenols, are conducted well. In our laboratory, we have shown the beneficial effects ofsome polyphenols from red wine, olive, black tea and so on. Taking those compounds throughthe daily diet is expected to be helpful for preventing diseases and for leading a healthy life.
Teas, some of the most beloved beverages in the world, are made from a plant namedCamellia sinensis L., and they are roughly categorized into four groups by fermentation
conditions: unfermented teas, semi-fermented teas, fully-fermented teas, and post-fermented
teas. While semi- and fully- fermented teas are made by endogenous-enzyme-mediatedfermentation, post-fermented teas are made by microorganism treatment. Polyphenols in thetea leaves such as Catechins are altered to other products during fermentation, and especiallyin post-fermentation, various kinds of polyphenolic derivatives are newly synthesized
depending on species of microorganism. Teadenol is a typical example of such polyphenols
isolated from post-fermented teas made by Aspergillus PK-1.
Previous studies have shown that an extract of this post-fermented tea has anti-obese andanti-diabetic effects; however, only a few researches with Teadenol itself have been reported
due to limited availability, so an evidence of its functionality is hardly obtained. Therefore, toevaluate the functionality of Teadenol, we conducted experiments with cultured cells anddisease-model animals using purified compound in the present study.
We focused on adiponectin, which is well known as “good hormone” secreted from
adipose tissue and plays an effective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Recent studies
demonstrated that blood adiponectin level is decreased in obese patients, which is considered
as one of the major causes of an occurrence of several disorders. In a series of experiments,
we found that Teadenol is capable of promoting an expression of adiponectin in adipose cells.
Furthermore, Teadenol reduced glucose level and neutral fat (triglyceride) in the blood in amouse model of obesity and diabetes. These results suggest that Teadenol has a protective
effect against obese-related diseases, implying that having Teadenol on a daily basis willcontribute to better health and quality of life.

66Effects of Rice Husk Charcoal on Growth and Yield of Rice in an Andosol
Soil
Fumihiko INAZAKI1, Shinich KOYAMA1, Morio KATO2 and Hisayoshi HAYASHI2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Rice husk is a byproduct of rice production and over 30% of it is not used effectively inJapan. Rice husk contains Ca. 15% of silicic acid, which has positive effects on rice growth.
Promotion of the reutilization of rice husk in rice cultivation might to be one of theconstructing ways to enable sustainable agricultural practices. Rice husk charcoal is one of the
carbonized biomass known as ‘Biochar’. Biochar is mainly used as soil improvement
materials, and recognized as a way to achieve environmental-friendly agriculture. Therefore,
we investigated the effects of rice husk charcoal application into a paddy field to measure thegrowth and yield of rice for establishing a sustainable agriculture system.
Experiments were carried out at the paddy field located in the Agricultural and Forestry
Research Center, University of Tsukuba in 2013. Rice husk Charcoal was applied at 1t (HC1),
2t (HC2), 4t (HC4) per 10a, and rice husk was applied at 2t (H2) per 10a before ricetransplanting. Five treatments including a control with no application were laid out in arandomized block design with three replications. Rice seedlings, cultivar ‘Koshihikari’, weretransplanted with four seedlings per hill at 22.2 hills/m2 on May 23th. Plant length, stem
number, SPAD and leaf area index were measured during the growth period. Yield and yieldcomponents at the maturity stage were evaluated. After harvest, soil bulk density and threephases of soil at the depth of 5-10cm were measured.
Plant length was slightly longer in the HC2 compared to the control. Stem number in
HC2 and H2 was slightly higher than the control after 35 days after transplanting (DAP). The
number of grains per m2 in HC2 was 6% higher than the control. It caused due to increase of
the number of panicle and the number of grains per panicle. Grain yield in HC2 was 1%
higher, while the other treatments showed lower compared to the control. By the applicationof rice husk charcoal and rice husk, soil bulk density was decreased than the control. These
results show that application of rice husk charcoal at the level of 2t/10a into paddy field could
be an effective way to improve the growth and yield of rice in addition to soil physicalproperties.

67

Membrane microdomains are present and compositionally altered following
by cryopreservation in avian sperm
Hitomi KANBE1, Shinya ISHIHARA1, Atsushi TAJIMA2, Naoto ISHIKAWA2
and Atsushi ASANO2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Decrease in fertilizing ability of cryopreserved chicken sperm is a persisted problem.
Membrane rafts are functional membrane microdomains enriched in sterol and ganglioside
GM1 (GM1). Recent studies demonstrated that membrane rafts exist in plasma membrane of
mammalian sperm and play important roles in fertilization. On the other hand, low fertility incryopreserved sperm is caused by sterol efflux from plasma membrane. Considering with thatsterol regulates organization of membrane rafts, the low fertility might result from disruptionof them. However, it’s not known whether membrane rafts exist in chicken sperm. These led
us to examine the presence of membrane rafts and its compositional changes after
cryopreservation in chicken sperm.
Sperm and testicular frozen sections were collected from Rhode Island Red raised at
Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba. Localization of GM1 andsterol were visualized by Alexa488-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B and filipin in live or
fixed sperm, or testicular sections. Utilizing the biochemical definition that membrane rafts
represent insolubility to TritonX-100 treatment, membrane rafts were separated from sperm
membranes mainly composed of non-raft membranes and subjected to slotblotting forquantification of GM1 (TX100 assay). Cryopreservation of sperm was performed using
glycerol as a cryoprotectant (Tajima et al. 1989). Artificial insemination (AI) was performed
with fresh or frozen-thawed (FT) sperm once in a week for 3 weeks.
In fixed sperm and testicular frozen section, the plasma membrane overlying sperm head
was highly enriched in GM1, although it was not observed in live sperm. Sterol was localized
in same area to GM1 in fixed sperm. TX100 assay showed that GM1 content in membrane rafts
was significantly greater than in non-raft membranes. AI showed that fresh sperm had greater
fertilizing ability than FT sperm. GM1 localization pattern in FT sperm was distinct from thatseen in fixed sperm. TX100 assay using fresh and FT sperm showed that GM1 content inmembrane rafts significantly decreased by FT procedure.
This study demonstrates the presence of membrane rafts in chicken sperm, and suggeststhat cryopreservation affects the organization of membrane rafts leading to loss of fertilizing
ability.

69

Effects of Double Superphosphate and Ammonium Sulfate Fertilization on
Productivity and Total Phosphorus in Plant in Inner Mongolia
Yuki KASUGA1, Masakazu GOTO2, Kensuke KAWAMURA3 Alatengdalai 4, Gao WA5, Wulan
TUYA5, Xing Qi5, Atsushi ASANO6, Atsushi TAJIMA6 and Naoto ISHIKAWA6
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan

2

Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan

3

Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University,
Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan

4

Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner
Mongolia, China

5

Inner Mongolia Institute of Rangeland Survey and Design, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China

6

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JapanThe grassland degradation in Inner Mongolia of China has been a serious environmental

problem and its cause has been studied in many researches. We proposed a hypothesis that adeficiency of soil phosphorus could be one of the causes (Kasuga et al. 2012). The objective inthis study, therefore, was to evaluate the effects of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizations on
productivity and total phosphorus in plant.
Fertilizing trials were performed in three areas excluding livestock for 5 years in Siziwang
banner. Two sites fertilized with double superphosphate or double superphosphate (P) andammonium sulfate (N) were set in each area. (Site P and P+N, respectively) Each site wasdivided into five plots (5m×5m) with application levels of P at rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g m-2
on 12 May 2013, respectively. P was manually applied to the both Site P and P+N. In Site P+N, N
was also manually applied at 25 g m-2. Three sampling quadrates (1m×1m) were set in each plot
on 4, 5 and 6 August. Aboveground biomass was weighed in each quadrate to determine theproductivity (t DM ha–1). Plant samples were collected and dried for 48 h at 60ºC in a drying oven.
Total phosphorus in plant was measured by coloring with molybdenum acid after nitric acid andperchloric acid digestion.
Productivity increased significantly with increasing P rates in Site P and P+N (P<0.05).
However, N itself had no significant effect (P>0.05) on above ground productivity. Total
phosphorus in plant increased significantly with increasing P rates in both Sites (P<0.05). Our
study showed that productivity and total phosphorus in plant was increased by P. Moreover, ourresults may indicate that main limiting factor is phosphorus for plant growth and second isnitrogen in Inner Mongolia grassland because the interaction was observed between P and N.

70

Milling Kinetics of Micro Wet Milling System
for Value-Addition of Rice
Masaru KOYAMA1 and Yutaka KITAMURA2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Rice has been used a staple food in Japan since ancient times. However, the consumption ofrice has recently decreased. A reduction in the self-sufficiency rate of Japanese food is aserious problem, and Japan is obligated ensure the future reliability of the food supply. A
reliable rice supply can mitigate the observed reduction, and an increase in the level of riceconsumption is desired. These improvements can be achieved by establishing new demands for
rice, such as rice flour and bioethanol.
Thus, “rice slurry” was developed as new liquid food material. Rice slurry is made frombrown rice with Micro Wet Milling (MWM) system. Rice slurry can be used to makeprocessed food for which rice flour is unsuitable, such as pudding, ice cream, and beverages.
MWM system is suitable for value-addition of rice.
The milling condition (sample feeding rate and milling speed) of MWM system has been
decided semi-empirically and the milling energy has been not clarified. Therefore, it isdifficult to control the particle size of rice slurry, and compare MWM system with Dry
Milling (DM) system systemically. Bond’s law is mainly used to investigate kinetics andestimates 80% passing particle size for the product (Eq.1). However, 50% passing particle
size is in general for particle size evaluations. The purposes of this study were to investigate
the correlation between the milling conditions and W, Wi in Bond’s law, and to establish an
estimating equation for 50% passing particle size for MWM and DM system.
In DM system, the high correlations between the milling conditions and W, Wi were obtained(R2=0.911, 0.946). However, the estimating equation for 50% passing particle size didn’t
show a high correlation (R2=0.47). In MWM system, the high correlations between the
milling conditions and W, Wi were obtained (R2=0.926, 0.839). And, the estimating equationfor 50% passing particle size showed a high correlation (R2=0.73).
DM system was able to produce only about 300 μm size products, not wide range. However,
MWM system was able to produce wide range particle size products from 5 to 60 μm. These
results suggested that MWM system can apply the estimating equation for 50% passing
particle size and lead to value-addition for rice.
W=Wi(10/√P-10/√F)……………(Eq.1)[W: milling energy (kWmin/g), Wi: work index (kWmin/g), P: 80% passing particle size forthe product (μm), F: 80% passing particle size for the feed. (μm)]

71Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Rice Husk Combustion
to Establish Biomass Recycling System
Yuji KUBOTA1, Ryozo NOGUCHI2, Yasuyuki HIDAKA3, and Takahiro NODA3
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
3
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan
2

This study proposed a comprehensive evaluation method for rice husk combustion inrural areas. Rice husk is expected for not only as energy resource but also production of Rice
Husk Charcoal (RHC) for soil amendments. The past research dealt with the values of energy"or" environmental impact of hazardous substances separately. However, the value of energy"and" environmental impact of hazardous substances should be considered as essential factors
simultaneously to evaluate rice husk combustion comprehensively. Furthermore, theeconomic value of RHC is also important for diffusion of the rice husk burner in rural areas.
Therefore, the objective of this research is to establish a comprehensive evaluation method
considering three aspects of rice husk: economic value of energy, environmental impact,economic value of RHC.
Inventory analysis was conducted to estimate material and energy flow for inputs andoutputs of a rice husk burner (Kaneko Agricultural Machinery Co. Ltd. Saitama, Japan).
Inventory data was collected for the combustion experiment using the rice husk burner.
Amount of rice husk supply was a controllable parameter in the experiment. The range of ricehusk supply was set from 13.1 kg-fuel/h to 20.3 kg-fuel/h. Environmental impact due to ricehusk combustion was evaluated as damage cost by using LIME2 (Life-cycle Impact
assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling).
Results revealed that 14.4 kg-fuel/h of rice husk supply was the highest value of overall
evaluation, because of producing valuable rice husk charcoal as by-product and small quantityof harmful substances in rice husk combustion. Trade-off relationship between economic
value of energy, environmental impact, and the economic value of rice husk charcoal wasobserved in variations of the integrated result. The comprehensive evaluation method showedversatile result compared with a conventional evaluation method. Thus, it was clarified thatthe comprehensive evaluation method contributed to achieve high economic value of energy,
low environmental impact, and high economic value of RHC, simultaneously.

72

Removing Ammonia by Developing a Novel Modified Zeolite Absorbent
SiyangSiyangLI,
Li,Dawei
DaweiLI,
Li,Xiaohong
XiaohongHU,
Hu,NanNanZHANG,
Zhang, Yingnan
YingnanYANG*
YANG*
Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanNow days, with the development of industries and agriculture, large amounts of wastes areproduced, such as manure, food wastes, and rice straw. Anaerobic digestion of organic waste
is an attractive practice as it can solve the problem of waste contamination and produce
renewable energy. In the process of anaerobic digestion, ammonium is a main inhibitor, which
is produced as a common metabolic end product during the anaerobic digestion of highnitrogen containing organic loading substrates.
Until now, including air striping, reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, break-point
chlorination, ion exchange, and biological nitrification, have been used to remove ammonium
nitrogen from wastes. Zeolite products are widely used for its high absorption efficiency, but
it has obvious drawbacks, limited functions and high cost. The aim of this study is to develop
a modified zeolite which is based on two important functions, one is absorbing ammonia
which can shorten the startup time of methane fermentation, and second is activating the
growth of microorganisms and providing suitable areas for microorganisms to live. Fourmaterials are used to modify zeolite, Cacl2, starch, organic lime, and carbene. Four samples
are set in the research: sample 1 : A3 zeolite; sample 2: Zeolite (80％)+ CaCl2（10 ％）+starch（10％); sample 3: Zeolite (81％)+ Organic lime（9 ％）+ starch （10％); sample 4:
Zeolite (76％) + Organic lime（9 ％）+ Carbene（5 ％）+ starch （10％). Through theammonium adsorption experiment, the sample 4 showed the highest adsorption capacity
which can reach up to 62 mg/g. The capacity of sample 4 is higher than that of sample 1,
sample2 and sample3, which are 57.2mg/g, 22.8mg/g and 49.5mg/g respectively. The
scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the external and internal structure of thematerial. The surface of sample 4 is rough and the size of the hole is suitable. This could be an
ideal structure for both the absorption of ammonium and the living of microorganisms.
Moreover, carbene is a kind of carbon mineral possessing high chemical activity which canenhance the ion-exchange capacity of absorbent. The modified zeolite is suggested to be afavourable absorbent for enhancing the anaerobic digestion efficiency of ammonium-richwastes and could contribute the sustainable development of agriculture and industry.

73

Purification and cDNA Cloning of a Polygalacturonase-inhibiting Protein(PGIP) from Apios americana Medikus Tubers
Jia LIU, Masami YONEKURA, Yoshiaki KOUZUMA
Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan.
Apios americana Medikus is an edible tuberous legume native to eastern North
America. Apios tubers contain a higher content of proteins than other plant tubers andvarious bioactive proteins such as protease inhibitors and lectins have been identified so
far [1, 2]. In the process of the purification and proteomic research, we discovered thepresence of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) in the tubers. A PGIP is known
as a plant cell wall protein that is found in many plant species and involves in thetransformations of pectin substances during the growth of plants and ripening of fruits. In
this study, a PGIP from Apios tubers is purified and characterized in order to investigate
the bioactivity.
A PGIP from Apios tubers (34 kDa) was purified by column chromatographies on a
DEAE-cellulofine A-500 column and Butyl-cellulofine column. The PGIP activity wasmeasured using two kinds of PG from fungi, but no inhibitory activity was detected. To
perform the cDNA cloning, the PGIP was digested with lysylendopeptidase and 11
peptides were obtained. The amino acid sequences of the peptides were determined andthe PCR primers were designed. RT-PCR, 3’-RACE and 5’-RACE gave 450 bp, 650 bp
and 350 bp PCR products, respectively, and the nucleotide sequences were determined.
The cDNA of a PGIP from Apios consist of 1229 nucleotides and encoded a protein with
339 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence showed high similarity to known plant
PGIPs.

Reference
1. Y. Zhang, Y. Kouzuma, T. Miyaji and M. Yonekura, Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning ofa Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor from Apios americana Medikus tubers: Biosci. Biotechnol.
Biochem., 72, 171-178 (2008).
2 .Y. Kouzuma, S. Irie, R. Yamazaki, and M. Yonekura, Purification and cDNA cloning of a lectin and alectin-like protein from Apios americana Medikus tubers: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 78, 574-581(2014).

74

The Screening of the DSE Isolates Which Controls Cesium Absorption
to Lettuce Seedlings
Go MARUYAMA1, Kazuhiko NARISAWA1 and Nobuo SAKAGAMI1
1

Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Japan

In 2011, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster caused contamination of radionuclides, suchas Cs on the extensive agricultural fields around this area. Currently, decontamination of137
Cs particularly in agricultural field or forests is not progressing properly. For that reason, it
is important that not only decontamination but also interception of cesium transfer from soil
to agricultural products
Dark-septate endophytic fungi (DSE) are known to live with plants symbiotically, andsome DSEs influenced cesium uptake of host plant in previous studies. My objective isscreening DSE isolates to decrease cesium accumulation of lettuce.
137

The eighteen DSE isolates including Cadophora finlandica, Exophiala sp., Herminthosporium veltinum, Heteroconium chaetospira, Phialocephala fortinii, Phialocephala helvetica,
and Scolecobasidium sp. from our laboratory stock were randomly selected for the screening.
The inoculated lettuce plant with DSEs were grown on oatmeal agar medium (MgSO4･7H2O
1g, KH2PO4 1.5g, NaNO3 1g, Oatmeal 10g, Agar 15g/L) including 50ppm cesium. After 3
weeks, the leaves and the stalk of lettuce were recovered, and were measured cesium
concentration by Atomic absorption photometer.
Phialocephala fortinii J2PM8, BPC1, Exophiala sp. JAnPC4, unidentified isolates BPC3,
and BC1PC1 decreased cesium concentration of the plant. Among them, Exophiala sp.
JAnPC4 and unidentified isolate BC1PC1 particularly increased biomass of the plant. These
selected isolates should be promising to cultivate the plant in terms of both increasing yieldand decreasing health risk of radiocesium.

75

The plant growth promotion caused by associated bacteria with dark
septate endophytic fungus Veronaeopsis simplex Y34
Yuto MATSUOKA, Kazuhiko NARISAWA
Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University
Dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi colonize various plant species and provide thegrowth promotion, disease inhibition and tolerance of environmental stress for the host plants.
Although several bacterial species associated with the hyphae of Veronaeopsis simplex Y34
and K45, we believed that these abilities would be provided to the hosts only by the fungus.
The community structure of the bacterial species on/in both V. simplex isolates was exact
similar and the ability of growth promotion of the host plant decreased when these bacteria
were removed from the fungal hyphae (Khastini, 2013). Moreover, the growth of other plant
species was significantly promoted when the plant treated with other DSE and theseassociated bacteria (Mahmoud, 2014). From these findings, the plant growth promotion
should be caused by the association with V. simplex and bacteria via nitrogen fixation and/or
auxin synthesis. Nevertheless, this mechanism wasn’t revealed fully. Thus, the objectives ofthis study are 1) to isolate each bacterium from hyphae of V. simplex Y34, 2) to identify
nitrogen fixation genes of bacteria.
For the isolation of each bacterium, V. simplex Y34 cultured in 1/2 CMMY medium withfilter paper. The mycelium was harvested and crushed with metal crusher in eppendorf tube
with sterile water. After crushing, bacterial growth was examined, Stenotrophomonas sp. andRhizobium sp. was succeeded to be obtained. Then, I did phylogenetic analysis of rhizobium
and Agrobacterium. From phylogenetic analysis, Rhizobium strain obtained V. simplex Y34 isclosely related to Agrobacterium. For identification of nitrogen fixation gene, total DNA wasextracted from the two isolated bacterial species for using PCR. The PCR was performed withnifH primers PolF and PolR, but nifH genes weren’t amplified.
Two isolates do not have nitrogen fixation gene, but there is a possibility that they haveother genes associated with nitrogen fixation. Therefore, it is necessary to check other genes
associated with nitrogen fixation and confirm the nitrogen fixation activity of bacteria. It wassuggested that Rhizobium strain is closely related to Agrobacterium, but it is difficult toclassify Rhizobium and Agrobacterium by using only 16S rRNA. Therefore, it is necessary to
identify this strain by using other region.

76

Development of Production Method of New Type of Sakeusing Micro Wet Milling
Shohta MINAMI1 and Yutaka KITAMURA2
1

2

Life and Environmental of Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Consumption of Sake and number of sake brewery decrease now and it becomes the problem.
Sake is traditional industry in japan and contributes to local economy. So Development of
new type of Sake is important to increase consumption of Sake.
Sake is made from rice. The processes are mainly rice polishing, steaming, saccharification,
ferment, and refined Moromi. Rice bran and sake lees are removed in these processes but they
are rich to nutrient and functional ingredient. Therefore, it is expected that sake including ricebran and sake lees becomes nutritious new type of unrefined sake. But there are two problems.
First, saccharification takes time because rice bran includes a lot of protein. Second, texture of
unrefined sake is bad due to include big particle into Moromi. Miniaturization process,“Miceo Wet Milling(MWM)” was proposed brawn rice and Moromi to solve these problems.
MWM is method to mill materials with liquid. Reactive and texture of Sake improvement is
expected by using MWM.
“Rice slurry” is liquid food material which applied wet milling to brown rice. Rice slurry issuspension and different protein, lipid and glucose contents from rice. Therefore it is thoughtthat brewing properties are different. Condition of good texture of unrefined Sake ismaximum particle size is 100 m, 10 m particle is more than 50%.
So the purpose of this research is to make clear the brewing properties of the rice slurry andmilling properties of Moromi.
Traditional Sake brewing method is not good because Characteristics of Rice slurry isdifferent from rice. So method of brewing rice slurry is examined. Glucose concentration,
EtOH concentration and pH are measured to make clear the brewing properties of the riceslurry.
Moromi include big particle because of cohesion and sedimentation of Moromi. Factors of
MWM are number of revolution of stone mill and supply of ingredient. So particle size
distribution of Moromi milled MWM is measured with changing factors stepwisely. Clear the
influence of factors and MWM condition that become good texture Sake.
At last, maked new type of Sake is evaluated by sensory test.

77

Characterization of Endobacteria Harboring in
Nitrous Oxide-producing Soil Fungal Strains
Saki MIZUKAMI and Hiroyuki OHTA
Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
Sato et al., (2010) reported thatnitrous oxide (N2O) producing Mortierella elon-gata
FMR23-6I-B1 isolated from an upland soil harbored a bacterium belonging to thefamily Burkholderiaceae. Recently, Naraoka et al. (2013) showed that upland soils under
the long-term cattle slurry application possessed fungus-dependent N2O-producing activity,and further isolated a number of N2O-producing fungi. The purpose of this study was to
examine whether those fungal isolates harbored endobacteria or not. In this study, 107
N2O-producing fungal strains were used, which had been isolated from upland soils at
National Agricultural Research Center for Kyusyu Okinawa Region, Japan. To
detect endobacteria, firstly, DNAs were extracted from fungal cultures and tested for thepresence of bacterial 16S rRNA genes by PCR amplification. Secondly, fungal mycelia were
stained with a LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ Bacterial Viability kit and observed byfluorescence microscopy.
The PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and the subsequent fluorescencemicroscopy revealed that four of the 98 fungal strains were positive forthe endobacterial pr-esence. From the ITS sequence analysis, the two strains (S600-2 andS600-41) were identified as Hypocreaceae sp. and Myrothecium cinctum, respectively, in the
Ascomycota and the oth-ers (S600-11 and S600-42) as Trametes hirsute and Schizophyllum
commune, respectively, in the Basidiomycota. In the resting cell experiment with nitrite as thesubstrate, the N2O-produ-cing activity of these strains ranged from 0.004 to 8.3 ng N2O-N(mg dry weight)-1 min-1.
S600-2 and S600-41 belonged to the phylum Ascomycota and the others were themember of the phylum Basidiomycota. In our previous culture-independent analyses, thephyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota accounted for 61% and 1%, respectively, of total
PCR-amplified 18S rRNA gene sequences recovered from the soil, suggesting that thecultural recovery of Ascomycota was not so high as the sequence recovery.
Further studies remain to be performed to characterize the endobacteria harbored in thefungal strains.

78

GIS and Remote Sensing-based MCA Modeling to Assess AgriculturalLand Use Change and Suitability Mapping of Industries
Nazia MUHSIN1, Tofael AHAMED, Ryozo NOGUCHI, Tomohiro TAKIGAWA
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Bangladesh is the second largest supplier of ready-made cloths industries after China. The
annual export amount is approximate US$21,515 million where the largest importer is USA
followed by European countries like Germany, UK, France, and Japan. Agriculture oriented
country Bangladesh is now highly depended on Ready-Made Garments industry(RMG) as it isgiving more than 79% of export earnings. In 1980, there was only 80 factories whereas it is
now 5600 and annual growth rate is 4%. All the factories are situated in two major division of
Bangladesh- Dhaka and Chittagong. More than 4400 production units has been established in
the capital city Dhaka and nearby areas. The rapid expansion of this cloth industry is
generating employment in one hand and on the other hand expansion of this industry iscovering to suburb regions and occupied agricultural land. However, this industry need proper
guidance for sustainable development. For example, Savar, which is one of the mostimportant area of Dhaka division for both agriculture and industries is now facing
environmental degradation for the untreated waste water of the garments industries and landtransformation crisis for the expansion of the industry like RMG. The economy of Savar area
is depended 23.6% only on agriculture whereas 59.6% on industry mainly RMG. Moreover,the untreated waste water of garments industry (especially chemical dying) and other RMG
wastes are polluting the surrounding water channels and agricultural field causing serious
degradation in both agriculture and environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to
identify, a place in Bangladesh to build up a new industrial zone for RMG industry to provide
all the facilities which will help to build an ecofriendly industrial zone. First of all, theexpansion of RMG factories in a study place, Savar (280.13 km2) was indicated using the GIS
mapping, which helped to know the density of this industry over the past decade and theeffect of the unplanned rapid expansion and loosing of agricultural land. The satellite remotesensing data is proposed to incorporate to understand the land cover areas and agriculturalland variations. A survey was conducted in the 50 factories to know the essential facilities
needed for establishing an industrial zone. The multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was done tomap the suitable location in Bangladesh to expand the cloth industries over time. Finally thewhole assessment helped to recommend policy for the RMG industries for their sustainablegrowth over time period with ensuring the quality of environment and agriculture.
Keywords: GIS (Geographic Information System), Remote Sensing, MCA (Multi-criteria
Analysis)

79

Generation Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal Mucous Membrane
Protection Ingredient by the Machine Biochemical Reaction
Misaki NAKAMURA1 and Yutaka KITAMURA2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Aging advances rapidly in Japan and more than about 1/4 of the population become morethan 65 years old now. The increase of the medical expenses of the elderly person becomes
the social problem in that. The medical expenses increase on pace to surpass national income,but cannot find the effective solution now. Therefore I suggest the development of"therapeutic food" as one of these solutions in this study. The therapeutic food is the food forthe purpose of prevention or curing for a disease by an everyday meal.
In this study, I paid my attention to vegetable phosphatide, phosphatidic acid (PA), said to beeffective against GI tract disturbance. GI tract disturbance is so-called gastric ulcer anddevelops for the eating and drinking of alcohol and the stimulant, drugs such as the aspirin, amental stress. If such an imminent GI tract disturbance can be treated with a food intake, thesocial significance will be big. When it crushes the organization of vegetables and cereals, PA
is generated by a biochemistry reaction of the endogenous phosphatide and a plant enzyme.
Therefore I elucidate PA generation properties in the farm products by the biochemistry
reaction, the machine biochemical reaction, which mechanical operation accelerates andcontribute to PA-rich food development.
Cabbage contains rich endogenous phosphatide and a plant enzyme. In this experiment, I
crushed cabbage in a mixer and a stone mill, and compared PA content of each sample. It was
found the influence that particle size and temperature of crashed cabbage give to productionof the PA
The establishment of the processing method to PA rich food by elucidating generation
properties of PA by the machine biochemical reaction is enabled. Therefore two following
effects can be expected. 1) Development of the food including the functional ingredient
allows differentiation with other farm products and food. In other words, as for this, highadded value of farm products and the food leads to becoming it. 2) Development of"therapeutic food". PA of the quantity necessary for treatment can be provided by regulating
quantity of PA at a stage of the processing. Treatment of GI tract disturbance is enabled
without depending on pharmaceutical products by developing food including LPA of thequantity to be required for treatment.

80

Mapping of QTLs for Flower Color Intensity and Genes Related to
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Morning Glory
Sumire OKUNO 1, Takuro ITO 1, Hiroaki KATSUYAMA 1, Atsushi HOSHINO 2, Eiji
NITASAKA 3, Shigeru IIDA 4, Nobuyoshi WATANABE 1, Tsutomu KUBOYAMA 1
Col. Agr., Ibaraki U., 2 Natl. Inst. Basic Biol., 3 Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 4 Grad. Sch.
Nutri. and Env. Sci. & Grad. Sch. Pharm. Sci., U. Shizuoka.

1

Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil.) is a common ornamental plant in Japan. The
flower color of I. nil are various because there are many flower color mutants accumulated inlong history of cultivation. The original flower color of cultivated I. nil is blue and deeper
than that of its wild relatives. In this study, we tried to reveal genes causing the difference offlower color intensity between a cultivated I. nil Tokyo-Kokei-Standard (TKS) and an I.
hederacea Q65 (Q65). Then, we performed QTL mapping of flower color intensity using a F2
population with 192 individuals derived from the cross between TKS and Q65. And we also
mapped genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis (AS genes) on the same linkage map.
At first, genotypes were determined using SSR and SNP markers. Then, a linkage map
was constructed by software AntMap (Iwata and Ninomiya 2004). QTLs were detected by
R/qtl (Browman 2003) and the absorbance of the fresh petal was used as a trait data. For
mapping AS genes, we compared nucleotide sequence between TKS transcripts and Q65
transcripts and developed SNP markers based on the sequence differences. The gene
expression was analysed by using real-time PCR.
We detected three major QTLs, ADM1, ADM2, ADM3 and these three QTLs
accounting for 97% of phenotypic variation. We also mapped 19 AS genes. The map positionof ADM2 coincided with C (InMYB1) gene. C is known as a transcriptional regulator
activating AS genes, so C became a candidate gene of ADM2, which had the highest effect for
the flower color intensity. In petals 12 hours before flowering, the expression level of C washigher in TKS than in Q65 and this result supported our hypothesis that ADM2 is C

81

GIS-based Logistics Modeling for Sustainability Assessment of Local Food
Riska Ayu PURNAMASARI1), Tofael AHAMED, Ryozo NOGUCHI, Tomohiro
TAKIGAWA1) Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Sustainability is important to the local food system and has three explicit dimensions,domains, or pillars: Social, Economic, and Environmental. Local food systems have thesignificance influence to the pillars of the sustainability, which noted as socio-techno
entrepreneurship. This concept leads to link the farmers, enterprise, and community to sustain
the local food system. There are a number of barriers to develop of local food system. One of
the boundaries of the sustainable of local food is the spatial boundary or geographic
information of a region or district. In these geographic boundaries, access and proximity areimportant. This research was designed to develop an assessment method to estimate thesuitable location for local food production and supply capacity related with the spatial
variability in production. This assessment collaborated as food matrix that consists ofavailability, accessibility, affordability, and profitability. In this study, local production
system was considered to analyze with geographical boundaries starting from the growers,
local traders and marketing information for Cassava and Sweet Potatoes in the Banten
Province of Indonesia.
In these assessments, geographic proximity has been related to sustainability for a variety ofreasons, encompassing the ecological, economic and social dimensions of the food system.
This research work attempted to find out the potential suitable areas for local food production
and distribution using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision
Analysis (MCDA) based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Administrative level of GIS
mapping was projected in the regional level. A survey was conducted during the summer of2014 with structured questionnaires. The survey was focused to identify the sustainability
indicators for local food availability, accessibility affordability, and profitability. The
multi-views of sustainability diagram was proposed to understand the sustainability indicators
for the local food matrix over the time period.
The GIS-based integrated database included soil type, land cover, urban areas, local foodgrowers, community, and entrepreneurs related to the availability. The community assisted
famers market and local entrepreneur were involved with processed and distributed local food
identified as affordability. The model was proposed to integrate between statistical, geospatialand survey data related to local food production to meet the food needs of population centersin the minimum possible distance for the consumers as accessibility and maximum profit forthe producers and providers as profitability. Integrated GIS and logistics model would be
useful for government to identify the potential lands to increase local food capacity in the
Banten Province. In the further research, the network path analysis for the local foods will be
conducted to minimize the cost of transportation and increase agro-tourism and socio-techno
entrepreneurship in Indonesia.
Keywords: AHP, GIS, Local Food Matrix, Socio-techno Entrepreneurship.

82

The Effect of a High Energy Plane Feeding on the Ovulation Rate in Sonid
Ewe, a Local Breed of Inner Mongolia
Rie SAWADO1, Alatengdalai2, Osamu ENISHI3, Masakazu GOTOU4, Atsushi ASANO5,
Atsushi TAJIMA5, Naoto ISHIKAWA5
1

Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
3
NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science4
Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Mie
5Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
2

It was suggested that the higher twinning rate observed in local sheep (Ujimqin) fed
halophytes in Hargebi of Xillingol League of Inner Mongolia could be caused by higher
digestible energy intake, known as “flushing”(Kimura, 2011). The twin production,
however, has not been documented in the other areas of Inner Mongolia. The breed differencein the potential ability controlling ovulation rate in response to nutritional status might be oneof possible reasons why similar management has not been employed in the other areas. The
aim of study, therefore, was to determine the effect of high energy feeding on the ovulation
rates in Sonid ewes, a representative breed of eastern area in Xlillingol League. Ujimqin ewes
were also tested to observe the differences of the effect due to breeds.
The feeding trial and examination of ovulation rate were carried out in individual pens ofInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences. Eleven Ujimqin
and twelve Sonid ewes were used in the present study preformed during breeding season(September ~ December 2014). Ewes received hay of 55~78% Metabolic Energy for
Maintenance (MEm) defined by NRC (2010) for one month as adaptation period. After that,each breed was randomly allocated to two groups. Hay equivalent to amount of 78%MEm
was offered to five Ujimuqin and six Sonid ewes as a maintenance group, respectively. Hay
and concentrate equivalent to total amount of 200%MEm were offered to six Ujimuqin andsix Sonid ewes as high group. Statistical analysis on mean ovulation rate was done by chitest.
Mean ovulation rate in maintenance and high groups of Ujimqin ewes were 1.0 and 1.33
(133% of that in maintenance group, p=0.15) at 20days after the start of the feeding trial,
respectively. But at 30days of the trial, both of them were 1.0. Mean ovulation rate inmaintenance and high groups of Sonid ewes were 1.16 and 1.50 (129%, p=0.22) at 30 days ofthe trial, respectively. There were no significant differences between maintenance and highgroups in each breed. Mean body weights of Ujimqin and Sonid ewes gained up to 4.5 and7.7% for 30days. It is said that the effect of nid ewes gainedvely. There were no significant
differences Scaramuzzi et.al. 2006). More increasing body weight might be needed to get theeffect of creasing body weight might ffect of nid ewes gainedy feeding on the ovulation rate
in Sonid ewes could not be determined in this study.

83

Accessibility Difference to Different Phosphorus Source within Rice
Genotypes
Erina SHIMAMURA1, Asako MORI2, Matthias WISSUWA2 and Katsuyoshi SHIMIZU3
1

Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2

Rice (Oriza sativa L.) is one of the main food crops in tropical to sub-tropical regions ofAsia and Africa. This region contains highly weathered, infertile soils with low levels of plant
available P. Therefore, breeding cultivars which have more accessibility to P source alongwith P application to unfertile soils is required. In previous experiments, we have identified
some highly root efficient (RE) rice genotypes. This experiment was attempted to clarify theirability to solubilize more unavailable P in the soil.
Experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at JIRCAS during June to July. Sevengenotypes of rice including two high RE and three low RE were grown in 3-L pots filled withriver sand and 10% substrate. Three treatments of different P sources were applied: NPK
chemical fertilizer (Ctrl), Burkina Faso rock phosphate (RP), and phytic acid (Phy). The
amount of P applied was adjusted to 240 mg P/pot. Plant height and tiller number were
measured weekly from thinning to harvesting. Dry weight of shoot and root, root length andsurface area, and P content of shoot were measured after harvesting.
As a result, there were 20% and 50% growth reduction in RP and Phy, respectively,
compared to Ctrl at DAS 40. Although plant height did not differ among treatments, tiller
number decreased by 10-30% in RP and 40-60% in Phy. There was no significant difference
among genotypes in the growth of any treatments; however, genotypic difference was observedin R/S ratio in RP. From growth reduction levels, it was suggested that P deficiency level in Phy
was appropriate, while RP requires more P deficiency stress for screening. The rock phosphateused in this experiment had 20% Citric acid available P (C-P) but there were still enough plant
available P supplied, which may be because sand was used as medium. For better testing if highRE rice genotypes have better P solubilizing ability, reduced amount of rock phosphate andanother lower soluble P source such as iron phosphate will be applied in next experiment.

84

Water Temperature Prediction Model in River Basin Including Paddy
Area
Mami SHIMMURA1 and Tomoyuki TANIGUCHI2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan.
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Water temperature in river basin is an important factor in agricultural production and growthenvironment of aquatic organisms. The global average of air temperature is expected to rise
between 2.6 to 4.8 degrees by 2100. Increased temperature has an impact on river water temperature. River water temperature changes depend not only on air temperature and radiation but
also heat exchange between air and ground. Especially, in Japan, where a lot of water is used forpaddy irrigation, the changes in water temperature may be caused in the processes of flow, water distribution, submerging paddy plots and drainage reuse in the paddy area. Shimmura andTaniguchi (2013) showed that water temperature decreases in the processes of submerging the
paddy plots or flowing down through the drainage canals in August. In the results, the return
flow from paddy area caused decrease of river water temperature. To predict river water temperature accurately, it is necessary to consider the water temperature change in the paddy area.
In this study, we applied a water temperature model to the river and irrigation canal as thefirst step of developing the river water temperature model including the paddy effects.
The study area was Kokai basin, which flows a total length of 112 kilometers. The model applied is a river water temperature model considering heat exchange among surface water, airand soil in the riverbed (Kondo, 1995). Calculation parameters: volume of latent heat, sensible
heat, soil heat and radiation on the surface water are calculated by meteorological data and riverparameter. Volume of heat used to increase or decrease water temperature is calculated by subtracting calculation parameter from net radiation. AMeDAS data at Tsukuba and Utsunomiya,which are located close to the target basin, were used as input meteorological data consisting of
net radiation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean specific humidity and mean
wind velocity. River parameter consists of water depth, flow velocity and distance of a flow
passage. They were determined based on the observation at the following points by water level
and temperature sensors: a) upstream, midstream and downstream of Kokai river, b) intake andreturn points of some paddy irrigation districts, and c) upstream, midstream and downstream ofthe main irrigation canal. These measurement results were also used for verification of the developed model.
The water temperature in the river and the irrigation canal were estimated by the model at theperiod from 15th to 17th of August in 2013. The water temperature change in the river flow
process could be represented accurately. On the other hand, estimated value always dipped below observed value about 1 degree in the irrigation canal. Tentatively, calculation parameters
for irrigation canal were set one tenth of the original value for river. The mean difference between recalculated value and observed data was 0.2 degrees. It can be assumed that influence onwater temperature (by latent heat, sensible heat, soil heat and radiation) on the surface water issmaller at the irrigation canal than river due to the differences of material and structure between
the river and the irrigation canal.

85

Synthesization of Ni/TiO2 Nanocomposite Photocatalyst for Water Purification
under Solar LightSong YIYING, Dawei LI, Qi ZHU, Xiaohong HU, Yingnan YANG
Graduate School of Life and Environment Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
TiO2 is one of the most preferred materials for photocatalytic application, because of its highphotochemical stability, strong oxidizing capability, hydrophobicity, non-toxicity and low cost.
However, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, which can be excited only by UV light, is usuallyhampered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Doping metal
nanoparticles on TiO2 could suppress the recombination of electron-hole pairs and increaseavailability of solar light. Transition metal Ni compared to noble metals such as Au, Ag and Pt isrelatively inexpensive for the practical application. The aim of my research is to synthesize
Ni/TiO2 nanocomposite by sol-gel method and investigate the optimum mole ratio of Ni to TiO2.
The photocatalytic activity of Ni/TiO2 nanocomposite was evaluated by monitoring thephotodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under solar light. When doping Ni nanoparticles on
TiO2 with mole ratio (n(Ni)/n(TiO2)) of 1.5%, 2.5%, 4.5%, 6% and 10%, the percentage
degradation of RhB was 39.38%, 56.95%, 77.67%, 34.99% and 51.55%, respectively. The result
indicated that doping Ni nanoparticles effectively improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2
under solar light, and the optimum mole ration of Ni to TiO2 was 4.5% in this study. To solve thepost-separation problem of nano-sized photocatalyst, Ni/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film wascoated on glass tubes. More than 97% of RhB was degraded under solar light by using the
Ni/TiO2 thin-film glass tube even after 10 cycles. Hence, the Ni/TiO2 nanocomposite
synthesized in this study holds great potential for the degradation of organic pollutants in
wastewater under solar light.

86Flow-induced Aggregation Rates of Well-Characterized Colloidal Particles:
Experiments vs. Theory
Takuya SUGIMOTOa and Motoyoshi KOBAYASHIb*a

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japanb
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan*
Corresponding Author’s E-mail: kobayashi.moto.fp@u.tsukuba.ac.jp

Keywords: Aggregation; Charging behavior; Flow-field; Trajectory analysis.
Aggregation is important phenomenon to separate a turbid water into clear supernatant waterand concentrated phase composed of colloids such as clay minerals and natural organic matter.
These colloidal materials are in general negatively-charged and thus interact electrically witheach other. In the presence of such electrical interaction, the aggregation rate is impeded. To
understand the aggregation and related phenomena in detail, we analyzed flow-induced
aggregation rates of well-characterized carboxyl latex particles, which have negative charge
developed by carboxyl head-groups similar to the natural organic matter, as a function of pH
at different ionic strength. Figure 1 shows the experimental electrophoretic mobilities(symbols) and theoretical values (lines) calculated with standard charging models. From Fig.
1, we see that experimental values can be described by the theoretical models. Using thesame charging models and trejectory analysis, we calculated theoretical aggregation rates(lines)[1] which are compared them with the experimental rates (symbols) in Fig. 2. In 2 and10 mM KCl, the experimental values are in good agreement with theoretical ones. However,in the calculation we assume the decrease of Hamaker constant, AH, with increasing withionic strength. We consider that such decrease may be due to ion screening effect.

Fig.1 Electrophoretic mobility vs. pH: symbols Fig.2 Relationship between absolute coagulationand lines are experimental and theoretical values, rate constant and pH: symbols and lines are expe
respectively[1].
- rimental data taken from Sugimoto et al.[1] andtheoretical calculation with trajectory analysis.
[1] T. Sugimoto, M. Kobayashi, Y. Adachi, Colloids & Surfaces A 443 (2014) 418– 424.

87

Transformation of Chicken Somatic Cells Using Circular DNA
Rei SUZUKI1, Atsushi TAJIMA1, Manabu ONUMA2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan.
2
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
Recent rapid progress of the stem cell technology allows to unveil the process of cellulardifferentiation. It may be possible to manipulate cellular differentiation by inducing thetransient expression of key factors at critical point. In the present study, therefore, an attempt
was made to induce stem cells from somatic cells by transfecting circular DNA in domestic
chicken.
Ten White Leghorn eggs, produced at Agricultural and Forestry Research Center,
University of Tsukuba, were used in the present study. Skin section was collected from
7-days-old embryos and fibroblasts were subcultured. Fibroblast was transfected with
Reprogramming Minicircle DNA (Re-MC DNA) by lipofection using 3, 4.5, 6, or 7.5μl of
Lipofectamine2000 (LPA) for 3 times at day 1, day 4 and day 6 after culture.
Two days after LP, 4 fibroblast samples which exhibited GFP signal was passaged on WL
feeder cells and expression of endogenous Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Klf4 was detected by
RT-PCR.
For comparison, one fibroblasts culture was transferred with pCAGGS-EGFP byelectroporation (EP) at 3 voltages (125V, 150V, and 200V).
No significant difference was observed in number of GFP positive cells among 4 levels of
LP (P>0.05). Even though fibroblast samples were stained with ALP, expression of Oct4,
Sox2, Nanog, Klf4 were not observed. The efficiency of transfection was higher in EP(P<0.05), but cellular damage was higher as well.
These results may indicate the necessity to modify the promoter of Re-MC DNA.
It will need to examine feeder cells and medium suitable for iPSCs using circular DNA in
future.

88Situation of Water Balance in Agricultural Areas in the Nile Delta
Natsuki TAKEUCHI1 and Tomoyuki TANIGUCHI2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

2

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanThe Nile Delta has low annual rainfall; 200 mm at the coastal areas, 50-100 mm at

the middle of the delta, and 10-30 mm at Cairo. Egypt depends most of the water on the Nile
River, which it can take 55 billion m3 each year based on the international agreement with
Sudan. Meanwhile, increase of food production is a major problem due to rapid population
growth. The Egyptian government is conducting a programme to develop 260 thousand ha of
new agricultural land at the arid areas by 2017. Therefore it is necessary to estimate thepossibility of allocating water to the new lands and consider the effect on agriculture in the
Nile Delta where much of the water is used for irrigation. Clarification of water usage andwater balance in the Nile Delta is also needed. Furthermore, the development of a waterbalance model that can represent the actual condition of water use and water balance isessential for future measures.
The objective of this study is to clarify the actual situation of water balance within
the Nile Delta to verify the accuracy of the water balance model that will be applied to thisarea.
The study site is the Nile Central Delta, which is located between the Rosetta Riverand the Damietta River. The whole area is a double cropping area consisting of summer andwinter crops. The former crops are rice, maize, cotton and fava bean, whereas the latter ones
are wheat, forage (Egyptian clover), and sugar beet. Especially, rice is a former crop and iscultivated at irrigated paddy fields. Rice cultivation is permitted only at lower areas of thecentral delta to reduce water consumption. Two test sites that are main drain basins irrigatedpaddy cultivation is permitted were selected at the middle of the Nile Central Delta.
We obtained continuous data of water discharge by using flow meter and waterlevel sensors at the inflow and outflow points of each target site. The water balance wascalculated from the data obtained.
The total annual outflow from the main drains of the Nile Delta that flow into theMediterranean Sea was estimated as 5.5 billion m3. Among the water Nile River carries fromthe Aswan High Dam, 10 billion m3 is taken into the Nile Delta according to the Egyptian
government. Meanwhile, if daily evapotranspiration (ET) is estimated as 3 mm/d, annual ET
from the Nile Delta will be 10 billion m3. This means that there are some aspects that cause
incoherence to the water balance.

89

Mesophilic Methane Fermentation with Wood Drying Wastewater
Yuta TANAKA1, Yutaka KITAMURA2
1: College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Nowadays, recycling wastes and decreasing environment loads are required in terms ofmaking the recycling-based society around the world. Creating energy such as bio-ethanol orbio-gas from biomass is especially focused in Japan, because there is no fossil resource suchas natural gas or petroleum oil and so on. Now much waste is recycled. For example, in somesewage center or food factories, the generated organic wastes are transformed biochemicallyto biogas or methane by anaerobic digestion and burned to generate electricity. However inthe huge lumber mill, the wood drying wastewater (WDW) is not utilized as biomass energy
resource now.WDW is discharged in the wood drying process and the amount of WDW isabout 1000 t/month in a lumber mill. WDW is now treated with activated sludge process or
coagulation method and then discharged into sewers. Therefore, a new recycling method of
WDW is necessary to be used as organic resource. WDW is liquid and contains many organic
matters so that anaerobic digestion is considered to be suitable for WDW, because thecomposition of is similar to sewage or some food wastewater. In this study, the purpose isfinding characteristics of anaerobic digestion with WDW by batch and continuous
experiments.
The characteristic of WDW is that the pH is 3.66, TC(Total Carbon) is 1271 mg/L,
TN(Total Nitrogen) is 7.904 mg/L, TS(Total Solid) is 0.32 wt % and CODMn is 3102 mg/L.
As the reactor, a glass bottle (1L vol) is used. Operating temperature is set around 37 ℃ formesophilic fermentation. The ratio (seeding sludge to WDW) is changed from 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, to
3:7 with volume. The seeding sludge is inoculated with WDW for a month. pH, VFA(Volatile
Fatty Acid), TC, TN in the fermented broth and amount and methane concentration of the
produced gas are measured every day.
The batch experiment is conducted. After this experiment, I will do semi-continuous
experiment with WDW by the high performance reactor (UASB or fixed bed and so on), andevaluate the characteristics of anaerobic digestion with DLW.

90

Photocatalytic Disinfection of E. coli in Surface Water by Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2
Coated on the Substrate under LED Irradiation
Ruida XIAO, Xiaohong HU, Qi ZHU, Yingnan YANG*
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universityof Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, JapanAs a major fraction of natural bacteria in surface waters, the E. coli is notoriously known
for their detrimental effects. For instance, excessive levels of E. coli in drinking water are oneof the main health and safety issues in developing countries, and using the drinking watercontaminated by E. coli can cause many diseases, such as stomach, vomiting, diarrhea andfever. Usually, the most commonly used techniques for water disinfection, such as
chlorination and ozonation have shown disadvantages related to the formation of potentiallyhazardous disinfection. In addition, in recent decades the advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have been a promising wastewater treatment for its efficient oxidation ability, andamong various AOPs, photocatalysis has attracted considerable interests for its remarkabledisinfection performance.
According to our pervious study, a novel Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst has beensuccessfully prepared and shown remarkable photocatalytic efficiency for organic dyedegradation. What’s more, in this work bacteria disinfection by Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2
photocatalysts coated on the substrate are evaluated through inactivating E. coli under LED
irradiation, and some factors that effluent the E. coli inactivation are taken into considerations,such as the amount of photocatalysts, light intensity, initial concentration of E. coli andirradiation time. In addition, hydroxyl radicals play an important role on the mechanism of E.
coli inactivation. In conclusion, after 8-hour photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli with initialconcentration of 109 CFU/mL, the sterilization rate reaches above 90% under LED irradiation,and further the additional disinfection experiments are repeated three times showing the highstability of the photocatalyst. Finally, an in-depth understanding on the role of active radicals
during bacterial inactivation is essential to devise, therefor the ESR spin-trap technique (withDMPO) will be employed to characterize the photogenerated reactive oxygen species over
Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. If the characteristic four peaksof DMPO−OH• with intensity 1:2:2:1 are clearly observed in the ESR signal elucidating thatOH• is really generated on the Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 surface under visible light irradiation.
Therefor the novel Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst may be a promising material not only fororganic dyes photo-degradation but also for bacteria photo-inactivation.

91

Study of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Regulating Anthocyanin
Biosynthesis in corolla of Primula sieboldii E. Morren
Nozomi YAJIMA and Daiki MIZUTA
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Primula sieboldii is a perennial plant of the family Primulaceae. Many varieties have been
produced as one of Japanese traditional horticultural plants, since its wild stock was cultivatedin the Edo era. These cultivars have various characteristics, especially colors and patterns offlowers. These cultivars with colored flowers accumulate anthocyanin pigments. It is recently
reported that Accumulation of pigments are influenced by the expression of transcription
factor genes such as R2R3-MYB. In this study, to obtain basic information to elucidate
coloration mechanism in the corollas of Primula sieboldii, we performed expression analysisof R2R3-MYB transcription factor genes.
‘Nankin-Kozakura’ corollas of each developmental stage were used as plant materials. We
searched sequence information involved in R2R3-MYB transcription factor genes using thenext-generation sequencing data of Primula sieboldii, and designed their specific primers forreal-time PCR analysis.
We obtained twenty homologs of R2R3-MYB from the next-generation sequencing data.
By real-time PCR expression analysis, it was categorized into four groups by the expression
tendency of each gene. Expression levels of the genes in first group were highest at the stageof pigmentation initiation, and those of genes in second group was high at just before or after
flowering. Transcripts of the genes in third group transiently increased at the stage of
pigmentation initiation, and increased again after flowering. Transcripts of fourth group genes
increased as flowering progressed. We considered that the genes of second and third groups
might be correlated with floral pigmentation because the expression increase of these genes
was concomitant with anthocyanin synthesis.
In future, we are going to isolate the full-length R2R3-MYB transcription factor genes ofthe second and third groups and perform the transient expression analysis to confirm aregulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.

92

System Dynamics Model for Sustainable Palm Oil Production
in South-east Asia
Shohei YANO1 and Ryozo NOGUCHI2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Palm oil is made from FFB (Fresh fruits bunches) and has various uses such as food,oleo-chemical, bio-diesel fuel (BDF) and so on. Global yield of palm oil in 2010 is 47.26
million tons. Palm oil production in Malaysia increase from 6.06 million tons per year in 1989
to 17.50 million tons per year in 2010. And palm oil production in Indonesia increase from1.97 million tons per year in 1989 to 23.60 million tons per year in 2010.
Palm oil production causes various environmental problems. For example, growing
plantation area with increasing palm oil consumption causes deforestation. Palm oil milleffluent (POME) discharged from palm oil factories causes water pollution, odor, and so on.
Moreover biogas such as methane and carbon dioxide emitted from POME is greenhouse gas
which promotes global warming. Palm oil production is closely related with environmental
problems.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influenced on palm oil production
and to develop system dynamics model of palm oil production. System dynamics model isused for the integration of partial factors, and has two kinds of casual loops. R (Reinforce)loop is that factors are continuously increasing or decreasing and B (Balance) loop is that thefactors finally are plateau. By system dynamics model, it is obvious how partial factors
affected the whole system. The simulation model and its estimation method of process weredeveloped on the system dynamics software, Studio 8 (Powersim).
Partial factors affected on palm oil production quantity were “Population”, “Economic
growth”. These factors increased “Palm oil demand” and influence the development ofplantation area. “Economic growth” caused “Consumption of palm oil for food, oleo chemical,
and bio-diesel fuel”. On the other hand, “Repellence of inhabitants”, “Environmental
preservation movement” controlled the development of plantation area.

93

The Effect of Added Arginine on the Meat Color and Texture of Meat
BatterMisato YOKOYAMA and Yuji MIYAGUCHI
Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University
Keywords: Arginine, Meat color, texture, Myoglobin, Mutton, Texture

Nitrite and polyphosphate have been used to improve the meat color and water holding
capacity of season means like ham and sausage. However, too much of them can cause
health concern such as carcinogenesis by nitrite and osteoporosis by phosphorus. Theiralternative products therefore are in development to reduce the risk of illnesses caused byadditives in Japan. Arginine, which is a basic amino acid and protein denaturant, isregarded as one of the most excellent food additive among possible alternative products.
However, the effect of arginine on the meat color and texture of meat products is poorly
understood.
Our aim in this study was to obtain some information about the color development andtexture modification of meat by the adding of arginine.
At first, the influence of arginine on the physicochemical properties of whole mutton
patty. As a results, arginine improved the texture as shown by increasing the gel strength
low concentration of sodium chloride ( 0.2 M NaCl).
Moreover, arginine changed meat color from brown to brilliant red. The modification ofmeat color and texture were also shown at pork patty, indicating that, arginine plays animportant in the quality improvement of meat products.
We are now studying the mechanism of the change in meat color by adding arginine. It
is known that meat color depends on the state and content of myogolobin in sarcoplasm.
We are examining by comparing commercial myoglobin with sarcoplasmic fraction ofmeat prepared as crude myoglobin. To date, we found that arginine affects directly thestate of myoglobin by measurement of transmission spectrum. Further, the spectrum byarginine was different from that by nitrite, suggesting arginine would change meat color byan action mechanism different from nitrite having nitrosylation reaction.

References
1. Nair. M.N et al. (2014) , Meat Science , 96, 408-412.
2. Kudou. M et al. (2011) , Protein Expression and Purification, 75, 46-54.

94

Novel Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Thin Film on Glass Substrate for Efficient
Decomposition of Recalcitrant Organic Waste Under Solar LightQi ZHU, Xiaohong HU, Dawei LI, Yingnan YANG*
Graduate School of Life and Environment Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan*

E-mail: yo.innan.fu@u.tsukuba.ac.jp

Keywords: Photocatalysis; Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2; Thin film; Solar light; Decomposition.
Recently, TiO2 photocatalysis has attracted considerable interest for water and air
purification. However, some drawbacks still hinder the practical application of TiO2 forphotocatalytic degradation of refractory wastewater: the fast recombination of photogenerated
electron–hole pairs, low utilization of visible light and tedious post-separation of TiO2
nanoparticles. Therefore, it is necessary for us to develop a new material for solving these
problems. In this study, Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 thin film on glass substrate was synthesized byhydrothermal method to avoid the separation process, and Ag was used as a dopant for
improving its visible light photosensitivity and inhibiting the recombination of electron–holepairs. The synthesis of Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 thin film was optimized by investigating the effects
of different amounts of Ag dopant, calcination temperature along with time and number ofcoating layers. The characteristics of the material were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD),
UV-vis spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The photocatalytic
activity of synthesized Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 thin film was evaluated by level of degradation of
Rhodamine B, a model recalcitrant of organic waste, under simulated solar light. The
synthesized Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 composite exhibited smaller crystallite size than pure TiO2 andan obvious wider visible light absorption spectrum. Comparing with TiO2 material, it showedmuch higher visible light driven photocatalytic activity, which is more than one time higher
than pure TiO2. In the repetitive test, the thin membrane coated glass substrate did not exhibit
any significant loss of activity even after five cycles of repeated experiments (all withremoval rate higher than 99.5%). The synthesized Ag/Ag3PO4/TiO2 thin film coated glass
substrate treatment system operates at low cost with high-efficiency, reusable and promisingmaterial for water purification by using solar light.

95

Introduction of Horticultural Activity to Ibaraki University Farm
-Significance of Stress Reduction through the Horticultural ActivityMinori FUJIOKA
Masakazu KOMATSUZAKI

Nozomi HIRAYAMA
Takeshi YAUSE

Ibaraki University College of Agriculture
Recently, horticultural activities are paid attention not only for production but alsostress reduction to the participant. However, the information is limited regarding themethodology of horticulture therapy and scientific their effects. In Ibaraki University Farm
has continued horticulture therapy activities from 2004 collaborated with a mental hospital in
Ibaraki. In this paper, we introduce the outline of our activities and discuss the effects of these
activities.
We are promoting horticultural activity field by organic way using university farm.
The farm size is 20m×50m, we are planting over the 20 kind of vegetables though the year.
Participants are patients at the mental hospital, nurse, and volunteers. The activities are donein every Wednesday morning for about 90 minutes. Participants have opportunities forfarming practice such as seed bed preparation, seeding, weeding, harvesting, orchard
management, and cooking. In this program, we also introduce the activities regarding animal
assisted activity before or after horticultural activity. In animal assisted activity, participants
were spending time with goats and cows in university farm. Average numbers of participants
were from 20 to 25 persons.
During the program, air temperature and climatic condition and number ofparticipants are recorded. Participants are measured the blood oxygen level and heart rateusing a plus oximeter (PULSOX-Lite, Konica Minorlta Co.Ltd.) every time before and after
horticulture and animal assisted activity. In addition, once a month, we also measure thesalivary amylase activities using a salivary amylase activity monitor (CM-2.1 NIPRO Co.
Ltd.). Stress response scales are also done at the same time.
We have finished about the half of this program in this year. From April to August,there were hottest day was on August 20th when temperature was 33.2 ℃ and coolest day
was on April 9th when that was 14.4 ℃. Although significant variable temperature condition,
most participants were joined in this program. The differences of heart rate change werevaried before and after this program. However, positive effects were observed the point ofstress response scale. We conclude that the moderate horticulture activities are effective forstress reduction.

96

Tillage Can Reduce the Radio-Cesium Contamination of Soybean After the
Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Yuta HOSHINO Tatsuya HIGASHI Masakazu KOMATSUZAKI
Ibaraki University College of Agriculture
A magnitude 9.0 earthquake and subsequent large tsunami hit the northeastern coastof Japan on March 11, 2011. This resulted in serious damage to the reactors of the Fukushima
Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), operated by the Tokyo Electric Power Company.
Large amounts of radionuclides were released from the FDNPP, a proportion of which were
deposited over a wide area of the Tohoku and Kanto regions.
In particular, 134Cs and 137Cs lead to internal exposure through consumption ofcrops since cesium and potassium are both group 1 metals and are thus easily taken up by
plants.
In this study, we investigated soil radio-cesium contamination of soybean fields in
Ibaraki, ~200 km away from the FDNPP. After this accident, we compared the radio-cesium
contamination of soybean between the different tillage and cover crop managements.
This experiment was used the part of long term study site on the humid subtropics
field, located on a volcanic soil in the Japanese province of Kanto region. The experimentvariants are: moldboard plow/rotary harrow (MP), rotary cultivator (RC), and no-tilled (NT),three cover type in winter (FL: fallow, RY: rye, and HV hairy vetch) and two nitrogen
fertilization rate (0 and 20 kg N ha-1 for soybean production).
MP and RC reduced the radio cesium contamination (CS134+CS137) in upper soil layer,
although NT leaves large amount of radio cesium on the soil surface. Radio cesium
contamination in soybean grains was significantly decreased in MP and RC than in NT inboth of 2011 and 2012. We concluded NT system has many benefit for environment
conservation, however, inversion of tillage is significant to decrease radio cesium
contamination to the crops in several years after nuclear power plant accident.

97Study on Inhibitory Activity of Amyloid  Aggregation by Kukoamines
Gandan JIANG1, Mei Lin ZHANG2, Mio TAKASE2 and Hideyuki SHIGEMORI3
1

College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia. Amyloid
-proteins (A) are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. A isgenerated from amyloid- precursor proteins (APP) by proteolysis and aggregate into amyloid
fibrils which cause neurodegenerative disorder. We have recently reported that somepolyphenols exhibit inhibitory effect on A aggregation and the catechol moiety in these
active compounds has been proved to be essential for the inhibitory mechanism. Kukoamines
A and B are phenolic alkaloids containing with two catechol moieties in dihydrocaffeoylgroups. Kukoamines A and B have been reported to restore human neuroblastoma cells
damaged by peroxide. However, there has been no report on the inhibitory activity of
Kukoamines A and B towards A aggregation. Therefore, we would like to investigate
whether Kukoamines A and B have the potential to inhibit A aggregation and elucidate theirstructure-activity relationship in this study.
Kukoamines A and B are widely distributed among the Solanaceae species and are
predominant constituents in Lycii Cortex (LyC), root barks of Lycium chinese. Therefore, we
isolated Kukoamines A and B from LyC which is a traditional oriental medicine that exhibits
hypotensive, antioxidant and antitrypanosomal activity. The dry powder of LyC was extractedwith MeOH, and the MeOH extract was partitioned between BuOH and H2O. The watersoluble portion was subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column to afford a crude fraction including
Kukoamines A and B. The crude fraction was separated by the reversed-phase HPLC to afford
Kukoamines A and B. The structures of Kukoamines A and B were confirmed by using NMR
and ESI-MS analyses.
To evaluate the role of Kukoamines A and B in A aggregation, thioflavin-T (Th-T) assay
is carried out. A with or without Kukoamines A, B or dihydrocaffeic acid are incubated for 8h, 24 h and 48 h. We expect that Kukoamines A, B and dihydrocaffeic acid exhibit inhibitory
activity towards A aggregation, while Kukoamines A and B possess stronger inhibitory
effect than dihydrocaffeic acid because Kukoamines A and B have more catechol moieties
than dihydrocaffeic acid. If the result is same as described above, it will be the first report toshow the inhibition of A aggregation by Kukoamines A and B. These results indicate that
applying Kukoamines A and B and its derivatives in medicine will be a promising strategy totreat and prevent AD.

98

Analysis of Extraction and Fermentation
Characteristics of Herbal Plant
Mai KITAMURA, Yutaka KITAMURA
College of Agrobiological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Introduction
Social issues such as westernization of food, increased stress and aging raise the risk of
disease. Owing to containing multiple active ingredients, Chinese medicine act overall to thehuman body and is effective for prophylaxis. In response to the improvement ofhealth-conscious in recent years, the market for Chinese medicine has been expanded to 113.1
billion yen scale in 2007. Raw materials of Chinese medicine are called herbal medicine.
Types of herbal medicines are wide-ranging, but ginsenosides saponins contained in the
Korean ginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum (hereinafter, ginsenoside) has attracted
attention because it has various effects such as nutritional fortification anti-cancer effects, andanti-aging. Gynostemma pentaphyllum which is produced inexpensively contains a lot ofginsenosides and has been used as a tea to be boiled in hot water. However, this health food is
not currently on the market. This is probably because the inefficiency of ginsenosides caused
by destruction in boiled water or insufficiency of aglycone of ginsenoside by floras that help
the intestinal absorption. In this study, by elucidating the properties of heat resistance andaglycone of Gynostemma pentaphyllum ginsenoside, attempting the development of healthfood which everyone can enjoy the effect. From some literatures, it has been found that topromote the absorption of ginseng ginsenosides, lactic acid fermentation is effective todegrade ginsenosides to aglycone. In this research, based on the hypothesis that lactic acidfermentation will also decompose Gynostemma pentaphyllum ginsenoside, we aim toelucidate the optimal extraction temperature and fermentation conditions of Gynostemma
pentaphyllum, to develop a new health fermented tea of low price and high quality.
Research method
The most efficient extraction temperature condition and feed/solvent ratio without
disassembling the ginsenoside of Gynostemma pentaphyllum are elucidated by using HPLC.
Time course of ginsenoside of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract made by different
concentration and temperature condition is determined. For Gynostemma pentaphyllum
extract, which is extracted under optimal conditions, the effects on ginsenoside decomposition
caused by operating conditions such as ginsenoside initial concentration, lactic acidfermentation temperature and operating time is elucidated theoretically and experimentally.

99Bio-gasification by Methane Fermentation Using the Agricultural Waste
Discarded from a Farm in Tsukuba City
Shingo MITSUI1, Yutaka KITAMURA2
1: College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Recently, renewable energy has been attracting attention in the background that the
depletion of fossil fuel and the abolition of nuclear power plant are advocated. The renewableenergy is superior energy that we can use repeatedly without depletion of resources and it
does not emit almost carbon dioxide that causes global warming during heat utilization andpower generation. They include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, and so on.
In this study, I focus on biomass that it is an organic resource of biological origin, andfamiliar to our lives. Annual generation amount of biomass in Japan are about 89 million tons
livestock excreta, 75 million tons sewage sludge (concentrated sludge), 32 million tons humanwaste sludge, 22 million tons food waste, and 14 million tons waste paper in descending order.
Biomass has not been utilization in Japan so far, and most of them have been incinerated orlandfilled. This is attributable to the fact of 1) Biomass are widespread and thin, moisture
content is large, and the collection is difficult, 2) Development of conversion technology withhigh efficiency is insufficient, 3) Profitability of the business is low.
As the usage of biomass, power generation by combustion, composting, making livestock
feed, bio-gasification, and conversion to liquid fuel represented by bioethanol are shown. I
pick up the bio-gasification by methane fermentation this time. The methane fermentation has
an advantage that a large amount of raw material such as sewage sludge, garbage, andlivestock excreta is supplied stably throughout the year.
I decided to use an agricultural waste discarded from the farm in Tsukuba city as a raw
material for methane fermentation. Because I have been involved with the farmer in part-time
job of farm work, and I have seen the vegetables to be discarded 10 ~ 30 kg every day without
being put on the market. The purpose of this study is to know the amount of biogas obtained
when all agricultural waste discharged in the farm throughout the year is converted into
biogas. In order to vary the type of discarded vegetables and external temperature dependingon the season, these two are set to variation factors, and experiment is carried out using thefour reactors.

100Imagine the Agriculture and Food from “Tonpikurin”!

1 nd

Takahiro MITSUIYOKOYAMA
Takahiro
MITSUI11, ,Yohey
YoheyYAMAMORTOYAMAMORTO22, Shinju, Shinju
YOKOYAMA11

2 grade College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.

2 nd

2 grade Master's Program in Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
We think it is important that many people to have interest and concern about agriculture.

We, Tonpikurin, is a club that grow vegetables in flower beds at Area 2 and farm near theHirasuna Residence Hall. We plant vegetables near in the road in order to get to feel close toagriculture and food to people on campus. We hope many people to be have an interest
about agriculture and food from this abstract. And we want to work with more people.
We want to get to feel close to agriculture to surrounding people. So we thought that wewant to know people about the "taste of vegetables freshly caught" and "fun of agriculture".
Then, we often eat dishes that contain fresh vegetables that harvested in the fields or flower
beds with friends of members. We are calling this activity "Picnic". And after picnic, we
carried out some activities with participants.
Members of Tonpikurin are less than 10 people. Therefore, it is difficult to do activities(sign（signmaking,making,pond
pondmaking,making,etc)
etc）
thatthat
we we
want
want
to do.
to do.
But,But,
if work
if work
withwithfriends
friends
of members,of members,orotheror otherorganizations,organizations,wewe
cancando dothatthat
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And,
And,
there
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is alsois alsoa new
a new
ideaidea
comes
comes
out ifouta
lot
if aoflotpeopleof people
get together.
get together.
In addition,
In addition,
it is possible
it is possible
to do towithdo thewithagricultural
the agriculturalwork, work,and getandtofeel
get toclose
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agriculture
to agriculture
and food
andtofoodpersonto person
who came.
who came.
In addition
In addition
to theseto activities,
these activities,
we madewethemadeTanabata
the Tanabatadecoration
decoration
by piercing
by piercing
the theflowerflower
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of of
bamboobambooabout
about3 3m,m,and
and wewe areconsidering to be let out a sense of the season with Christmas lights in the winter by the Gold
Crest got from the Agricultural and Forestry Research Center. We cherish the idea of members,
and did seriously that people do not do, and we want to people let focus on the farms andflower beds in the wake of it. When the picnic or during activity of flower beds, we wereaccosted by the students, staff of office and school cafeteria so we have introduced about
Tonpikurin a lot. In addition, some people sent us message like "I want to try to work
together!" by Facebook even if in the first interview with. In this way, developing ideas andthoughts, a wide range of flexible, we have a variety of activities.
The fact that people who coming to the picnic every time, and a lot of people talking
during activity, we thought that a lot of people on campus are interested for agriculture andfood. So, we want to continue to act more aggressively than ever, and aim to collecting themembers of students with a variety of backgrounds and a wide range of department. In
addition, we want to do with children in the region of Tsukuba City, which events to harvest
sweet potatoes in October of next year. With the aim of agricultural education and foodeducation to the children, we would like to expand into the region not only campus!

101

Comparison of Egyptian Salt-tolerance Cultivars andAnalysis of the Physiological Mechanism
Yuki MIYAZAKI1, Hiroki ASAOKA1, Megumi SASAKI1, and Katsuyoshi SHIMIZU2
1

College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennnodai 1-1-1,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
2
Faculty of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennnodai 1-1-1,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
In recent years, food demand is increasing rapidly in Egypt due to the population
increase. However, the agricultural field is limited in the Nile Delta, and the salt accumulationin northern part of the Delta is serious. The salt accumulation influences the production ofwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which is an important crop for food or forage in Egypt. This
study purpose was to compare the salt-tolerance of 6 Egyptian cultivars and to analyze thephysiological mechanism of their salt-tolerance.
Germination test: In 2013, the germination test under salt stress condition was
conducted about 6 Egyptian cultivars (Baniswif 1, Baniswif 5, Sakha 93, Sids 1, Sohog 3 and,
Giza 168) with 1 Japanese cultivar (Nourin 61). These tests were at 25 ℃ and in the dark
condition. The salt treatments were 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM NaCl. 100 seeds were in a
culture dish, and 3 replications were in each treatment.
Cultivation test: From November, 2013, 3 Egyptian cultivars (Sakha 93, Sids 1 and,
Giza 168) with 1 Japanese cultivar (Nourin 61) were cultivated under salt stress condition.
The salt treatments were 0, 3000, 6000, and 10000 ppm NaCl. 2 plants were in a pot, and 4
replications were in each treatment. The salt treatments were started with Hoagland culture
solutions on November 29 when the plant had become 30 cm long. The solutions were treatedby every week. Plant length, number of stem, photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, and dryweight of each part were measured during the treatment period, and the amount of Na, K, Mg,
and Ca in each part are being analyzed.
In the germination test, Giza 168, Sakha 93, and Sids 1 showed higher salt-tolerance,and especially Giza 168 showed the highest germination percentage and rate. In thecultivation test, under 3000 and 6000 ppm, panicle weights of all Egyptian cultivars werelarger than the others, and especially Giza 168 and Sakha 93 tended to be higher. On the other
hand, plant lengths of Giza 168 and Sakha 93 under stress condition were lower than these ofcontrol. In addition, higher photosynthetic rates of Giza 168 and Sids 1 under salt stresscondition were higher than these of control. These results indicate that the salt-tolerance ofGiza 168 is the highest and it will be the most useful variety under salt stress condition.

102

Molecular Breeding
Molecular
Breeding ofof Salt-tolerance
Salt-tolerance Potato
Potato Haboring
Haboring thethe fasciclin-likearabinogalactan protein Gene
Gene (SeFLA)(SeFLA) fromfrom Salicornia europaea
Shota
ShotaNAKAMURA
NAKAMURA11, ,Akiyo
AkiyoYAMADAYAMADA22, ,Yoshihiro
YoshihiroOZEKI
Ozeki22, ,Kazuo N. WATANABE3, Akira KIKUCHI3
1

College of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology, Tokyo, Japan
3
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan2

As the world population continues to grow recently, food production is more demanded.
However, the influence of desertification and salinization makes the land where crops are notable to grow. To solve this problem, it is required to develop some abiotic stress tolerant crops
such as drought and salinity. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the fourth-largest food crop in
the world, and also is valued as industrial raw materials. However, classical breeding in potato
has concentrated to improve productivity, tuber quality and biotic resistance. Almost modern
cultivars are sensitive to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and low temperature.
Besides, potato is an autotetraploid and vegetative propagation crop, so that it takes a lot ofefforts and time to confer the abiotic stress tolerance by conventional breeding. Therefore, theobjective of this study is the generation of transgenic potato lines with salinity tolerance bygenetic engineering technique and the tolerance evaluation of them.
The gene introduced into potato is the fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein gene
(SeFLA) derived from Salicornia europaea. SeFLA is isolated by screening of Escherichia
coli with the cDNA library from S. europaea under salinity condition. To make a transgenic
potato, a leaf was wounded by a scalpel and was infected with Rhizobium radiobacter(Agrobacterium) strain LBA4404 harboring the pAB7113-SeFLA. After that, shoot induction
via callus has been carried out. As first screening, amplification of the SeFLA fragment waschecked by PCR from each regenerated shoot. When the agrobacterium still exists inregenerant, it is indicated that the detected fragment is derived from agrobacterium in thisscreening. For this reason, that the residual check of agrobacterium was performed to eachregenerant. Then, Southern blot hybridization was carried out to confirm the number of
inserted transgene in each transgenic plant.
It is expected that tolerance level of each transgenic line is different due to the number
and the position of the inserted transgene. Therefore, high tolerant lines should be screenedusing in vitro or potted plants.

103

The Effect of Shokuiku to Food Education Activities for Millets-Pupil’s Perception and Thoughts on Food NutritionMinako NISHI1, and Hisayoshi HAYASHI2
1
2

College of Agrobiological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan‘Shokuiku’, food and nutrition education is necessary to learn and know about food,diet and eating for us to live sound and healthy. ‘Shokuiku’ raises adequate food and nutrition
knowledge, and food choice skills for children and adults for the practice of healthy dietary
habits through various experiences. Intellectual, moral and physical education are basic andextremely important components of education, but ‘Shokuiku’ might be the most importanteducation and covers these three educational areas. Actual activities in ‘Shokuiku’ areconducted in numerous fields and by various methods. But most of activities are focused on
nutritional education or life-style related diseases. Agriculture is one of the most basic humanactivities concerned with food, so we tried to carry out ‘Shokuiku’ by a series of crop
cultivation. We are using millets as crops because energy crop is the essential for living
ourselves. But there are so many activities using rice, for example, rice cultivation using
bucket so we don’t want to use such a major crops.
Millets are small and minor grain crops which are classified into Gramineae such ascommon millet (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), barnyard millet(Echinochloa utilis), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), pearl
millet (Pennisetum americanum), Job’s-tear (Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen) and so on. On
the other hand, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), grain amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus),quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) are not Gramineae but they are recognized as cereals(pseudocereals) and millet, too. We focused on common millet because it is the first cropwhich are cultivate in a slash-and-burn agriculture. It is the most famous crop in Japanbecause every Japanese know the folk story ‘Momotaro’ and it is the key food on its story.
Actually the word ‘Shokuiku’ had started to use in the beginning of 20th century but Ministryof Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan started its activity in 21st century. But theadvantageous effect of it is not clear.
We conducted a series of ‘Shokuiku’ activities for the first-year and sixth-year pupil
at Toride Elementary School in Tsuchiura City in 2014. They started to cultivate common
millet as well as foxtail millet for cooking materials after harvesting. Students cultivated theother millets for studying the characteristics and learning biodiversity. A series of cultivationof millet production, for example broadcasting fertilizer, making ridges, sowing seeds,
weeding, thinning, harvesting, threshing and milling was performed. Once the cultivation iscompleted, students would prepare few dishes from millets. A questionnaire-based
investigation would be conducted several times in a year for evaluating the effect of its
activities. In the survey, we are expected to understand the changes of pupil’s feeling andthoughts on food and agriculture. We also proposed a questionnaire-based investigation for
their parents.

104

Electrophoretic Mobility of Carboxyl latex Particles:
The Significance of Existence of Divalent Counter-ions
Manami NISHIYA1, Takuya SUGIMOTO2, and Motoyoshi KOBAYASHI3
1

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
2

Aqueous colloidal dispersions in natural environments contain multiple ionic species
with different ionic valences. The existence of multivalent ions in a suspension affects
charging and aggregation behavior of colloidal particles. However, systematic measurements
and analyses of the electrophoretic mobility (EPM), which is used for characterizing thecharging behavior of colloidal particles, are still lacking in mixed electrolyte solutions ofdivalent and monovalent counter-ions.
We measured EPMs of carboxyl latex particles in mixed solutions of KCl and CaCl2.
Experiments were carried out as functions of the solution pH, the mixed molar ratio of Ca2+ to
K+ (X=Ca2+/K+), and the ionic strength. Experimental EPMs were analyzed by using 1-pKH
with or without Ca2+ association/dissociation (pKca) model, diffuse double layer model, andthe Ohshima equation including the relaxation effect [1-3]. The magnitude of the mobility islarge at high pH due to deprotonation of carboxyl groups on the particle. As the ratio X
increases at fixed ionic strength and higher pH, the absolute value of the EPM decreases. At
low pH, on the other hand, EPMs are on a single curve irrespective of the ratio X; thecharging behavior is controlled by ionic strength at low pH even in the presence of Ca2+. In
comparison with experimental EPMs, theoretical ones calculated by 1-pKH without Ca2+
association model are large. On the other hand, theoretical EPMs calculated by using 1-pKH
with Ca2+ association model quantitatively agree with experimental ones. Our results suggestthat the binding of Ca2+ with deprotonated carboxyl groups on the particle reduces theeffective charge. Therefore, the modeling of the binding of Ca2+ with deprotonated carboxylgroups is crucial for the evaluation of charging behavior of the particle.

[1] H. Ohshima et al., J. Chem. Soc Faraday Trans 2, Vol.79, pp.1613-1628, 1983
[2] H. Ohshima, Colloid and Polymer Science, Vol.292, pp.1457-1461, 2014[3] H. Ohshima, K. Furusawa, Electrical Phenomena at Interfaces: Fundamentals,
Measurements, and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp.7-8, 1998

105

Effects of Intercropping of Maize and Soybean on Growth, Photosynthesis
and Yield in Egypt
Megumi SASAKI1, Yuki MIYAZAKI1 and Katsuyoshi SHIMIZU2
1

College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Science,
University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
In Egypt, effective land use of crop production is needed because of the rapid
increase of population. Intercropping is one of the efficacious ways to increase the yield ofcrops in limited land. Also getting forage from residue of intercropped crops can be expected.
Therefore the objective of this study is to analyze the differences between maize/soybean
intercropping and each mono culture on growth, photosynthesis and yield.
Maize (Zea mays L. cv. 30K8; Zankalon, Three ways cross 324; Sakha) and soybean(Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Giza111) were sown in Zankalon and Sakha field in Nile delta,
Egypt in June 2014, respectively. At Zankalon field; mono culture of maize (MM) with 2 lines
in a bed, mono culture of soybean (MS) with 4 lines in a bed and 2 patterns of intercropping(MM + 2 lines of soybean in a bed (I1), MM + MS in a bed(I2)). Maize was planted at the
middle of the slope of bed (160 cm width) to avoid salt stress, and intercropped soybean wasplanted just inside of the lines of maize. Line distance of soybean in MS and I2 was 20~25 cm.
Plant distance of maize was 22 cm while soybean was 12 cm (MM, I2) or 6 cm (I1). At Sakha
field; MM, MS and intercropping (one line of maize + one line of soybean in a bed (I3)). Linedistance was 70 cm in MM and MS while 35 cm in I3 plots. Plant distance was 15 cm in alltreatments. Both experiments were conducted with three replications. The irrigation interval
was 10 to 15 days in both fields, and total amount of irrigation water was recorded.
Photosynthetic rates were measured with a portable photosynthesis system (LI-6400,
LI-COR) at vegetative stage and reproductive stage. Measurements of growth elements,
chemical analysis and yield survey at sampling times are still on going.
As a result, under natural light condition at vegetative stage, higher photosynthetic
rates of mono-cropped maize and soybean than those of intercropping were observed in bothfields in a few hours during a day. Although photosynthetic rates of intercropped maize under
low light intensity were higher than those of mono-cropped maize in Zankalon field, thistendency could not be found in Sakha field. However, the photosynthetic rates of intercropped
soybean under low light intensity level were higher than those of mono-cropped soybean inboth fields. It was estimated that intercropped soybean adjust to low light intensity because of
the shade of larger maize plants.

106

Rheological Change of Food Hydrocolloids Studied by NIR and THz
Spectroscopy
Mika TAKESHIMA1, Takuma GENKAWA2, Ahamed TOFAEL2, Ryozo NOGUCHI2, andTomohiro TAKIGAWA2
1
2

College of Agrobiological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Food hydrocolloids form a gel by heating and cooling, and its rheological propertychanged remarkably. Thus, hydrocolloids play an important role in improving texture of foodproducts. For example, control of texture is necessary to develop care food for elder people.
For the rapid aging society, texture control by hydrocolloid will become more and more
important in the near future. In this study, rheological properties of food hydrocolloids such as
soymilk, gelatin, and agar were analyzed by using NIR and THz spectroscopy. Commercial
plain soymilk was heated from 20°C to 80°C at 10°C intervals, and cooled to 20°C. During
this heating-cooling process, diffuse reflectance NIR spectra and viscosity of the soymilk
were acquired every 30 seconds with a FT-NIR spectrometer and a rotational viscometer.
Correlation between the viscosity and the NIR spectrum was explored with S. Golay
second-derivative and PLS regression analysis. The viscosity of soymilk decreased withheating and increased with cooling, and viscosity at 20°C increased 1.4 times before and after
the heating-cooling process. In the NIR spectra, bands at 1150, 1450, and 1940 nm, arisingfrom OH group, were showed blue shift. These shits mean that hydrogen bonding was broken
along with change in microstructure of soymilk. In addition, the second-derivative NIR
spectra, a NH band was detected at 1460 nm. The PLS regression model of the viscosity
showed high determination coefficient (0.97) and small RMSE (0.44 mPa・s), using up to
third latent variables.

107

NIR Spectral Change of Fruits Stored under Anaerobic Conditions
Ami TSUKAMOTO1, Takuma GENKAWA2, Miho HATANAKA1, Ahamed TOFAEL2,
Ryozo NOGUCHI2 and Tomohiro TAKIGAWA2
1

College of Agrobiological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan,
Japanese fruits are very popular throughout the world. To prevent quality deterioration offruits during storage and transportation, a modified atmosphere (MA) packaging technique isused. However, poorly designed MA packaging results in anaerobic respiration and off-flavor
development. In the present study, NIR spectroscopy was used to detect deterioration of fruits
quality induced by storage under anaerobic conditions. Fresh strawberries were sealed
individually in airtight glass containers with a deoxidant, and stored for up to 4 days at 35 ºC.
Brix and NIR spectra of 6 fruit samples were measured daily. A digital hand-held
refractometer was used for the brix measurement. The O-H band of water was dominant in the
NIR spectra of the liquidized strawberries, and any bands indicating deterioration in
strawberry quality during storage could not be observed. However, the second derivative of
the NIR spectra showed obvious changes in the 4500−4200 cm-1 region. Prior to storage,
bands at 4396 and 4308 cm-1 are observed and these bands are assigned to sugar components
such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose, present in the strawberries. During storage, the NIR
spectra changed drastically were observed. These bands were assigned to anaerobic
metabolites such as acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. On the basis of these bands,
especially the bands at 4308 and 4344 cm-1, any quality deterioration under anaerobic
conditions can be detected. Figure 3 shows the results of PCA using the second derivative inthe 4500–4200 cm-1 region of the NIR spectra. The first and second principal components(PCs) correlate the storage time and Brix of the samples. In the first PC loading, the bands
increasing in intensity with storage time showed positive values and those assigned to sugars,
which were decreasing in intensity, were negative. This result means that the first PC
describes the relative change in sugar and metabolite concentrations during storage. The
second PC loading showed higher positive values for the 4400 cm-1 band arising from sugars,
indicating the spectral variance of this band, regardless of the anaerobic respiration shown by
PC1. From these results, it is demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy can be used to detect
anaerobic metabolites easily and will contribute to the development of a well-designed MA
packaging technique.
2108

Different of Biogas Productivity Efficiency under Various Raw Material
Management
Neeranut VINIJCHEVIT1, Pitipong THOBUNLUEPOP1*, Nop TONMUKAYAKUL1, Pranot
MANI-IN1, Komkrit THANYAVACHIRAWIT1, Jutarat CHANGKAEWMANEE1, Artit
PONGTIP1, Jakkarin MUANGPAN1, Patsara KULASUWAN1 and Piyanuch KAMWEAN1
1

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University. Bangkok 10900

The experiment studied for the production of biogas for renewable energy by postharvest management and cutting intervals on 3 napier grass cultivars. The experimentconducted to Split-Split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications.
Main plot were 3 post-harvest managements; fresh, silage and dried materials. Sub plot were
3 napier grass cultivars; Pak-chong 1 (PC1), Bana and Mott. Sub-sub plot were 2 cuttingintervals; 45 and 90 days after first cut. The experiment found that dried materials produced
highest biogas yield for 125.12 ton.m-3. Mott grass produced highest biogas for 100.70 ton.m-3.
Additionally, the biogas yield was highest by the used of napier grass raw material when it
was cut at 90 days after first cut. Moreover, the biogas was produced highest yield by the
management of Mott raw material was cut at 90 days and then submitted to make silage.
Furthermore, during biogas production, digesting to Bana grass could maintain pH ofdigestion process for approximated 7 then this process could produce the highest biogas yieldfor 30 days. On the other hand, PC1 and Mott materials could not maintain that pH ofdigestion process then biogas yield was lowed, and produced only 5 days after digesting.
Interestingly, the methane component was produced from Bana grass higher than that PC1
and Mott. Finally, highest of CO2 concentration was found by biogas production of PC1
material.

*

Corresponding author, email: fagrppt@ku.ac.th109

New Wine Processing Obtained from the Whole Mulberry with Micro Wet
Milling System
Youmei WANG1 and Yutaka KITAMURA2
1
2

Undergraduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, university of Tsukuba, Japan

Mulberry belongs to the genus Morus of the Moraceae family. It is widely distributed in
Asia, mulberry is a fruit not known only for its nutritional qualities, but also for its traditionaluse in natural medicine as it has a high content of active therapeutic compounds andsignificant effects on antioxidant activity. Due to its fragile structure and low stability instorage, it is usually processed as freezing food. Another possibility is to commercialize its
fermented product. It has been widely reported that cardio protective effect can be achievedby moderate consumption of wine. Mulberry also has more nutrition content such as
anthocyanin, polyphenol which compared to red grape.
However, the nutrition in raw material pomace and seeds will lost in traditional wine
processing because it only use squeezing juice to ferment, on the other hand, the root andseeds of mulberry can`t separate at all. Due to this special feature of mulberry. In this study
we proposed to use micro wet milling system to produce mulberry wine in order to keep fullof nutrients by milling the whole mulberry into smaller particle size.
The comparison experiment between micro wet milling system and traditional wine
processing could be divided into two parts. First part is only to blend mulberries in 1,2,3,4,5
min which harvested from Shimane province in Japan by CuisinartSBC-1000 blender. The
particle size of sample was measured as median diameter by particle counter in order toanalyze the relationship with blending time. Second part is to mill the juice by stone millingmachine after blending. The milling mortar was set up at 100,120,140,160,180 rpm which inorder to make particle size smaller. The grinding feature of mulberries were analyzed as
particle size distribution.

110

Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Electrophoretic
Mobilities of Lysozyme
Atsushi YAMAGUCHI1 and Motoyoshi KOBAYASHI2
1
2

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, JapanThe electrophoretic mobilities of hen-egg-white lysozyme were measured as a function of
pH and KCl concentration. In addition, the theoretical mobilities were calculated from thecharge density obtained from proton titration. We used a set of equations for a small rigid
particle including the effect of double layer relaxation and a formula for sphericalpolyelectrolyte neglecting the relaxation effect (Fig. 1). All theoretical mobilities
overestimate experimental ones. We presume that these discrepancies are caused by the
reduction of effective charge by counter-ion binding to lysozyme and/or by the shift ofslipping plane from the surface. Therefore, we examined these two effects on the mobility inthe set of equations for a small rigid particle with the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model andrelaxation effect. Our analysis demonstrated that introducing the 40-75 % reduction ofeffective charge from the original proton charge or the 0.75-2 nm shift of slipping plane
generates the quantitative agreement between theoretical mobilities and experimental ones.

Fig. 1

Electrophoretic mobilities of lysozyme in 5 mM KCl solution as a function of

pH. “Huckel” is based on the Huckel equation without the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB)
model. “spherical polyelectrolyte” is calculated by the Hermans-Fujita formula forspherical polyelectrolyte. “PB & Henry” is including PB model and Ohshima’s
approximate Henry’s equation. “PB & relaxation” is based on Ohshima’s approximate
electrokinetic equations for a small rigid particle including PB model and the effect of
double layer relaxation. “slipping plane fitting” is by the same set of “PB & relaxation”
with the 1 nm

111Preparation and Characterization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions
Stabilized by Food Fibers
Akane YASUNAGA1, Yasufumi HIDAKA1, Zheng WANG1,2, Marcos A. NEVES1,2,
Isao KOBAYASHI2, Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA1,2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

2

Food Engineering Division, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan

Various synthetic emulsifiers are commonly used nowadays, but they have somedisadvantages. While some of them have allergenic properties, others are denatured by heat, andso on. Therefore, using fiber, which is resistant to heat and non-allergenic, as emulsifier, more
healthy emulsion could be obtained. Moreover, such emulsions can be used in foods, cosmetics,
and medical products. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prepare the emulsion using fiber
as emulsifier and analyze characteristics of that.
First of all, we prepared the fiber aqueous solutions, containing either carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) or pectin made from apple. CMC was dissolved in pure water, and pectin dissolved in 5mM phosphate buffer (pH7). The concentration was between 0.001 and 1 wt%. In addition,
solutions containing 0.1 wt% of each fiber in pH 2 to 7, were also prepared.
Then, oil-in-water emulsions were prepared as follows: the dispersed phase consisted ofsoybean oil, and the continuous phase consisted of either 0.1 wt% or 0.5 wt% fiber solution. The
oil-to-water weight ratio used was 1:9. The O/W emulsions were prepared in two different ways:
using a high-speed homogenizer (Polytron PT3100), or combination of high-speed homogenizer
and high-pressure homogenizer (Nanovater NV200). After that, the droplet size and droplet size
distributions of each sample in different storage temperature and pH for 1 – 40 days were
measured using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter LS 13 320).
In agitating emulsifying, the droplet size was between 10 and 100 μm, regardless of the fiber
source, concentration, temperature or pH. Also, in most of samples, there was phase separation
between the oil and fiber solutions within 3 days of storage. Additionally, in case of highpressure homogenization using CMC, all samples were stable with mean droplet size around 1
μm, even though some of them had creaming. By contrast, in pectin-stabilized samples, although
they had a peak on 1 μm on the first day, instability increased with time. Besides, regarding theinitial pH of fiber solution, lower pH values caused more droplets coalescence.
In conclusion, in case of using fibers as emulsifier, very stable emulsion with mean droplet
size of 1 μm can be obtained by high-pressure homogenization, especially when stabilized by
CMC. Also, more stable emulsions can be prepared in lower pH values.

112

Mitigating Ammonia Inhibition in Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion by an
Appropriate Irradiation Process
Nan ZHANG1, Mishma Silvia STANISLAUS2, Qi ZHU2, Siyang LI2, Ruida XIAO2, Yingnan
YANG2
1
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
Anaerobic digestion is considered to be a promising process for generating biomethane,
since both pollution control and energy recovery can be achieved by the process. However,even though ammonia is an essential nutrient for bacterial growth, at higher
concentrations it acts as a strong inhibitor of methane production during anaerobic process.
In this study, for mitigating ammonia inhibition to improve the efficiency of anaerobic
digestion, an appriopriate irridation process was developed. Although most conventional
anaerobic digestors are operated under dark conditions, the use of fixed-bed anaerobic
digestors operated under thermophilic light conditions has been studied. It has been reported
that optimal illumination time of 60 minutes per day, on a thermophilic anaerobic reactor
plays an important role in activating methanogens. There has been few studies on methane
production through anaerobic digestion under illumination, especially regarding highammonium concentration conditions. In this experiment, a series of batch anaerobic digestion
experiments under 55°C were carried out. Using ammonium-rich synthetic medium(ammonium nitrogen concentration: 2211 mg/L) as the substrate, the bioreactors were
illuminated at 60 minutes per day followed by treatment at dark conditions. A control
operation was performed by using a synthetic medium without high ammonium concentration
and were regularly illuminated 60 minutes per day and operated under dark condition
respectively.The results showed that the bioreactors that were regularly illuminated 60
minutes per day in both groups achieved higher methane production and methane
concentration after 15 days of fermentation. The ATP value of the corresponding bioreactors
also demonstrated higher microorganism activity than that of dark conditions. This result
indicated that optimum illumination time improved the activity of the methanogens even withhigh ammonium concentration. Therefore, irradiation proves to be an appropriate method in
mitigating ammonia inhibition from anaerobic digestion.

113

ESD Programs that Leverages the Characteristic of an Integrated
High School and International Collaborative School Network
Yoshikazu TATEMOTO, Masaki TAKARA and Ryosuke KONNO
Senior High School at Sakado, University of Tsukuba
Characteristic of an Integrated High School
The educational goal of Senior High School at Sakado, University of Tsukuba (UTSS) is toprovide students with a comprehensive general and specialized education so that they are able to belife-long learners who are able to adapt and continue making contributions in an ever-changing
society. This goal is in line with the goals of education for sustainable development (ESD).
Integrated high schools are notable for the fact that students choose elective subjects in considerationof their future career and social connections, and create and follow their own study plan. In addition,
there are many established school subjects and flexible curriculums. Integrated curriculum highschool can play an important role in advancing the ESD concept in both secondary and higher
education.
Our International Collaborative ESD Programs
Supported by University of Tsukuba Education Bureau of Laboratory School, we have invited
some students and teachers of the high schools that had collaborative program with Senior Highschool at Sakado in every November since 2012. The purpose of inviting them is to share, discussand act the ideas of solving environmental problems in each country from the students’ point of view.
This year, UTSS have High School Students’ International ESD symposium, Super Global HighSchool Project(Supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), ESD
Rice Project(Supported by Asia-pacific Cultural Center for UNESCO). We will report theseinternational collaborative projects in this symposium.
The schools participating these programs are as follows:●Center for Forestry Education and Training, Republic of Indonesia (Indonesia)●Kasetsart University Laboratory School (Thailand)●Kornita High School, Bogor Agricultural University (Indonesia)●University of the Philippines Rural High School (the Philippines)●Wattana Wittaya Academy (Thailand)●Senior High School at Sakado, University of Tsukuba（Japan）
Contact us
It would be a great pleasure if you could give us a lot of comments, reactions and suggestions for
improving and making International collaborative ESD programs with each other, via email at:tatemoto@sakado-s.tsukuba.ac.jp / takara@sakado-s.tsukuba.ac.jp

114

A Comparison of Kraft, Pre-hydrolysis-Kraft and Pre-hydrolysis Kraft by
Addition of Anthraquinoneand Polysulfide of Acacia mearnsii
Qiang LIU and Hiroshi OHI
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences,
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Keywords: Kraft cooking, Pre-hydrolysis, Polysulfide, Anthraquinone, Pulp properties
Kraft process is the most popular method in pulp and paper industry which is believed toobtain an ideal pulp yield and stronger pulp properties when compares with other cooking
processes. Kraft cooking maintains an effective sulfidity which is also important for the fiber
properties. On the other hand, increasing pulp yield is highly desirable. Addition ofpolysulfide (PS) and anthraquinone (AQ) to the kraft process is well known as an effective
method to increase the pulp yields. Hence, this research has focused on minimizing thedegradation of carbohydrates during pre-hydrolysis (PH) kraft cooking and improving thepulp yield, and on getting better fiber properties by modifying cooking conditions withaddition of PS and AQ into kraft cooking process.
In this study, the most effective cooking conditions of polysulfide (PS), anthraquinone(AQ) and pre-hydrolysis were investigated in order to improve pulp yield and properties. The
kappa numbers and pulp yields of conventional kraft pulps were compared under different
cooking conditions. Then, the four points which give the highest and lowest points of pulp
yields at certain points of kappa numbers were selected for analyzing pulp properties.
Lorentzen-Wettre fiber tester was used to test the fiber properties. In addition, carbohydratecomposition and hexenuronic acid (HexA) content were determined for each pulp.

Reference
Gierer, 1980, Chemical J. Aspects of Kraft pulping. Wood Science and Technology, v. 14.p.
241-266.
Goyal GC, 1997. Anthraquinone Pulping: A Tappi Press Anthology of Published Papers,
1977-1996.
Kleppe PJ (1981) A mill trial with the addition of a small amount of AQ to kraft andpolysulfide pulping.
Paperi Puu 63: 204-210.

・Organizing Committee
・Executive Committee

Organizing Committee
Chairperson:
Chairperson:
Atsushi Tajima
Secretary-General:
Secretary-General:
Ryozo Noguchi

Director,
Director,Agricultural
AgriculturalandandForestry
ForestryResearch
ResearchCenter,
Center,UT
UT
Associate
AssociateProfessor,
Professor,Agricultural
AgriculturalandandForestry
ForestryResearch
ResearchCenter,
Center,UT
UTMembers:
Members:(InstituteToshiharu
of Agriculture
Enomaeand Forestry)
Professor, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTYooichi Kainoh
Professor, Graduate School ofdo.
Life and Environmental Sciences, UTYuichiYutakaYamaoka
Kitamura
Professor, Graduate School ofdo.
Life and Environmental Sciences, UTKenji Tamura
Professor, Graduate School ofdo.
Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
DeMar Taylor
Professor, Graduate School ofdo.
Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Seungwon
Kang
Associate Professor, Graduatedo.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTYuichi Yamaoka(Instituteof AgriculturalEngineering)
TofaelAhamed and Forest
Associate
Professor, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Toshiharu
Professor, Graduate School ofdo.
Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
SeungwonEnomae
Kang
Motoyoshi Kobayashi
do. of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Associate Professor, Graduate School
Nakao Shuto
Nomurado. of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
HisatoAssociate Professor, Graduate School
Hisato Shuto
do. of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
TofaelAhamedAssociate Professor, Graduate School
Innan Yo Taniguchi
TomoyukiAssistant Professor, Graduate do.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTMarcos Neves
Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTTomoyuki
Taniguchido.
(Instituteof Applied
Biochemistry)(Laboratory
YutakaSchool)
Kitamura
Professor, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTYoshikazu
Tatemoto
Teacher, Senior
HighGraduate
School atSchool
Sakado,Nakao
NomuraAssociate
Professor,of UTLife and Environmental Sciences, UT(Agricultural
Center)Professor, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Innan Yoand Forestry Research
Associate
Tomohiro
Takigawa
Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT(Laboratory
School)Hisayoshi
do.Sakado, UTYoshikazuHayashi
Tatemoto
Teacher, Senior High School at
Tatsuyuki
Seino
Associate(Agricultural
andForestry ResearchCenter)Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT
Naoya
Fukudado. Research Center, UT
Tomohiro
Takigawa
Professor, Agricultural and Forestry
Atsushi Asano
Assistant
AgriculturalandResearch
Forestry ResearchCenter, UT
Hisayoshi
Hayashi
Professor,Professor,
Agriculturaland Forestry
Center, UT
Naoto Ishikawa
do. and Forestry Research Center, UT
Tatsuyuki
Seino
Associate Professor, Agricultural
Morio Kato
do. and Forestry Research Center, UT
Naoya
FukudaAssociate Professor, Agricultural
Yoshihiko
Sekozawa
do.and Forestry Research Center, UTAtsushi
Asano
Assistant Professor, Agricultural
Daikido.and Forestry Research Center, UT
NaotoMizuta
Ishikawa
Assistant Professor, Agricultural
Hideo
do.and Forestry Research Center, UT
Morio Yoshida
Kato
Assistant Professor, Agricultural(JICA)
Yoshihiko Sekozawa
Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT
Takao
Shibusawa
Director,
Division,
Japan International
Cooperation
Daiki Mizuta
AssistantTraining
Professor,Program
Agriculturaland Forestry
Research Center,
UT Agency (JICA)
Hideo Yoshida
Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT(As of Oct.1, 2014)(JICA)
Takao Shibusawa
Director, Training Program Division, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)(As of Oct.1, 2014)117

Executive Committee
Chairperson:
Atsushi Tajima

Director, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UTMembers:
Hisayoshi Hayashi

Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT do.

Tomohiro Takigawa

do.

DeMar Taylordo.

Naoya Fukuda

Associate Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Ryozo Noguchido.

Tatsuyuki Seinodo.

Atsushi Asano

Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Naoto Ishikawa

do.

Morio Katodo.

Daiki Mizuta

do.

Yoshihiko Sekozawa

do.

Hideo Yoshidado.

Yasuhiro Matsumoto

Senior Technical Official, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Hiroshi Hiki
Tsuyoshi Honmado.
Chief Technical Official, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Kazuto Yokoyamado.

Miho Satohdo.

Kazuo Sakaido.

Kiyoshi Karube

do.

Hideaki Omiyado

Keiko Sugawara

do.

Momoyo Itohdo.

Mutsumi Itohdo.

Katsuhiro Yoshidado.

Mizuki Matsuoka

do.

Tomonari Yamamoto

do.

Yoshie Akiba

do.

Akira Saito

Technical Official, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

118

Toshiyasu Kawasaki

Associate Head, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Masami Sakamoto

Chief,
Chief, Agricultural
Agricultural andand Forestry
Forestry Research
Research Center,
Center, UT
UTMasami Sekiguchi

Chief, Agricultural and Forestry
do. Research Center, UT

Staff:
Staff:
Yukiko Oshima

Agricultural andand Forestry
Forestry Research
Research Center,
Center, UT
UTAgricultural

Machiko Tsukaharado.

Tomoko Kondodo.

（As of Oct.1, 2014）

119・筑波アジア農業教育セミナー及び
国際農学ESDシンポジウムの沿革
・国際農学ESDシンポジウム2014の概要
・国際農学ESDシンポジウム2014の日程表

筑波アジア農業教育セミナー及び国際農学ESDシンポジウムの沿革
筑波大学農林技術センターは、1９７９年にユネスコから、その主事業の一つであるＡＰＥＩＤ(TheAsia-Pacific Programme of Educational Innovation for Development)の協同センター（AssociatedCenter）として指名され、以来、日本ユネスコ国内委員会との共催により、「筑波アジア農業教育セミナー」（ＴＡＳＡＥ：Tsukuba Asian Seminar on Agricultural Education）を関係部局との協力のもとに毎年開催してきた。
「筑波アジア農業教育セミナー（ＴＡＳＡＥ）」の目的は、筑波大学の農業教育活動の一環として、アジア諸国の農業教育および農業研究に従事する専門家を我が国に招聘し、我が国の専門家を交えて各国の実情と問題点を比較検討し、この分野での我が国の教育水準を向上させ、併せてアジア地域の農業教育および農業研究の国際協力推進に寄与することであった。
ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第２期である１９７９年から１９８１年までの３年間は、「中等段階（Secondary
Level）の農業教育問題」に焦点が置かれてきた。各年の開催テーマは、以下のとおりである。
1979年 アジア地域の中等段階農業教育の現状と問題点
1980年 アジア地域の中等段階農業教育における実験と圃場実習の重要性－主として、カリキュラム開発について－
1981年 アジア地域の中等段階農業教育における教授法－主として、稲作について－
ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第３期としての１９８２年から１９８６年までの５年間は、前期の総括を受けて、アジア地域の農業教育革新の必要性を、単に中等教育のみでなく、初等教育から高等教育に至るまでの全段階において考慮・検討することとした。そこで、ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第３期における統一テーマは、「アジア地域における農業教育革新のための戦略」とし、農林学、農林工学、応用生物化学といった具体的観点
から、農業教育革新への技術的アプローチを行った。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
1982年 アジア諸国の農業の現状と開発計画および教育の役割（序論）1983年 アジア諸国の作物生産における技術革新上の問題点（農学からのアプローチ）
1984年 生産性向上のための農業工業分野における技術革新 －主として穀類の調製・貯蔵技術について（農業工学からのアプローチ）
1985年 アジア諸国における農村地域開発のためのバイオマスとバイオテクノロジーの有効利用（応用生物化学からのアプローチ）
1986年 アジア諸国における農業発展のための農業教育 －事例と展望（総括）なお、１９８５年のＴＡＳＡＥでは、期間中にサテライトシンポジウム「アジア諸国における農村開発のためのバイオマスとバイオテクノロジーの有効利用」を開催し、また１９８６年のＴＡＳＡＥでは、ジョイントシンポジウム「アジア各国における農業の研究と教育 －21世紀をめざして」を熱帯特プロとの共催で開催した。
ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第４期、１９８７年から１９９１年までの５年間は、アジア太平洋地域各国において、
森林や内水面を含む自然並びに農業生態系との調和のもとに農業生産性の向上を図るために必要な、農業の教育と研究の在り方について考慮・検討した。すなわち、ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第４期における統一テーマ
は、「アジア太平洋地域における自然並びに農業生態系を保全しながら農業生産性を高めるための教育と研究」とし、自然並びに農業生態系の保全と有効利用に焦点を合わせたセミナーを開催した。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
1231987年 アジア各国における自然並びに農業生態系を保全しながら農業生産性を高めるための教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1988年 アジア各国における森林の有効利用と保全のための教育と研究に関する現状、問題点
並びに展望
1989年 アジア各国における内水面の有効利用と保全に関する教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1990年 アジア各国における耕地、水の有効利用と保全並びに農薬、化学肥料の適正利用に関する教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1991年 アジア各国における農業教育と環境教育の結合に関する現状、問題点並びに展望
ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第５期である１９９２年から１９９６年までの５年間は、統一テーマを「アジア・太平洋地域における持続的な農業発展と環境保全のための教育と研究」とし、本期の重点課題や強調点としてうたわれている環境問題と人材養成の２点を念頭に置き、アジア各国における持続的な農業発展と環境保全のための教育と研究の在り方について討議を深めた。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
1992年 アジア各国における農業生産からみた問題土壌とその対応に関する現状、問題点並びに展望
1993年 アジア各国における持続的な家畜生産のための教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1994年 アジア・太平洋地域における持続的農業発展と環境保全のための森林・林業の教育・研究の現状と課題
1995年 アジア諸国における持続的な農業発展のための植物育種と遺伝資源に関する教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1996年 アジア諸国における持続的な農業発展のための農業技術教育の現状と問題点並びに
展望
ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第６期、１９９７年から２００１年までの５年間は、統一テーマを「アジア・太平洋
地域における農業・環境教育革新のための戦略」とし、アジア各国における持続的な農業発展と環境保全のための職業教育革新について討議を深めた。なお、１９８９年から期間中において、サテライトシンポ
ジウムを毎年開催した。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
1997年 アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新の現状と展望
1998年 アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新のための生物資源利用教育の現状と展望
1999年 アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新のための地域情報利用教育の現状と展望
2000年 アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新のための体験的教育の現状と展望：
農業・環境教育の改善に対する大学の役割
2001年 アジア・太平洋地域における参加型アプローチを通じた持続的地域資源管理および環境保全
ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第７期、２００２年から２００７年までの６年間は、統一テーマを「持続的発展を前提とした生存・生産環境創成のための水資源利用・保全技術開発と農林業教育の役割」とし、アジア･太平洋州諸国が抱える水資源の問題を分析し、新たな水環境の創生のために農林業教育が果たすべき役割について討議を深めた。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
2002年 水資源の涵養と水災害などに関わる現状把握および農林業教育が果たすべき役割

124

2003年 人類生存・食料生産に関わる水資源の需要・分配と農林業教育が果たすべき役割
2004年 生存・生産活動と連動した水資源の量的確保に関わる現状把握、効率的利用を図るための技術動向および農林業教育が果たすべき役割
2005年 人類の生存・生産活動のための水資源管理と農林業教育が果たすべき役割
2006年 地球環境的・地域環境的視点からの水資源利用・保全技術動向および農林業教育が果たすべき役割
2007年 アジア・太平洋地域における参加型アプローチを通じた持続的地域水資源管理と環境保全
ＡＰＥＩＤ事業の第８期を迎えた２００８年には、これまでの教育セミナー形式を国際会議形式に発展させ、８期６年間（２００８年から２０１３年まで）の統一テーマを「持続可能な未来のための農学ESDの推進」として、キックオフ会議｢国際農学ESDシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2008）｣を開催した。この年のテーマを｢< 持続的発展のための農学教育 > に関する大学・関連機関の教育・研究活動の現状と果たすべき役割｣として、討議を行った。
各年のテーマは、次のとおりである。
2008年 農学ESDのキックオフ会議｢< 持続的発展のための農学教育 >に関する大学・関連機関の教育・研究活動の現状と果たすべき役割 」
2009年 ｢ 農学ESDにおける食の安全と食糧の安全保障 ｣2010年 ｢ 農業および環境分野における持続的開発のための中等・高等教育の役割｣
2011年 ｢ 農学ESDにおける生物多様性の適正利用 ｣2012年 ｢ 農学ESD推進のための環境調和型農業技術開発 ｣2013年 ｢ 農学ESDにおける大学の役割 ｣２００９年には、｢ 農学ESDにおける食の安全と食糧の安全保障 ｣をテーマとして第２回目の｢国際農学ESDシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2009）｣を開催した。１１月９日から１２日までの間、７ヵ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、インド、マラウイ、ナイジェリア及び日本）から１８人の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。
２０１０年は、｢ 農業および環境分野における持続的開発のための中等・高等教育の役割｣をテーマに第３回目のシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2010）を開催し、１１月８日から１１日までの間に８ヵ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、アフガニスタン、バングラデシュ、マラウイ、ガーナ及び日本）の専門家が出席し、講演、質疑応答を行なった。また、特に、海外交流協定校のフィリピン大学、カセサート大
学、ボゴール農科大学の各附属高等学校及び本学附属坂戸高等学校の現職教員による発表セッションを組み込んで、発表、討議を活発に行った。
２０１１年は、｢農学ESDにおける生物多様性の適正利用｣をテーマに第４回目のシンポジウム（Ag-ESD
Symposium 2011）を開催し、１１月７日から１１日までの間に９ヶ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、
アフガニスタン、アメリカ合衆国、ガーナ、ケニア、マラウイ及び日本）の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。
２０１２年は、｢農学ESD推進のための環境調和型農業技術開発｣をテーマに第５回目のシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2012）を開催し、１０月２９日から１１月２日までの間に９ヶ国（フィリピン、タイ、
インドネシア、アフガニスタン、アメリカ合衆国、ガーナ、ケニア、ラオス及び日本）の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。
２０１３年は、「農学ESDにおける大学の役割」をテーマに第６回目のシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium2013）を開催し、１１月２５日から２９日までの間に７ヶ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、アフガ
ニスタン、アメリカ合衆国、ケニア及び日本）の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。

125

国際農学 ESD シンポジウム 2014（ Ag-ESD Symposium 2014 ）の概要
1. 題 目
「農業・食料・食品のプレミアム化」（Premium Agriculture and Food Project）
APEID 計画統一テーマ：「世界的な ESD 実践プログラムに向けて」（ Ag-ESD Symposium for Global Action Program ）2. 期 間平成 26 年 11 月 10 日（月）～11 月 14 日（金）（５日間 ）
3. 会 場筑波大学 大学会館（ 特別会議室ほか ）、農林技術センター
4. 主 催筑波大学農林技術センター
5. 共 催筑波大学大学院生命環境科学研究科
アジア共生社会を創成するための国際連携教育プログラム委員会、（独）国際協力機構筑波国際センター（JICA 筑波）（独）国際農林水産業研究センター（JIRCAS）
6. 後 援
文部科学省、日本ユネスコ国内委員会、茨城大学農学部
7. 参加者・ カセサート大学、ボゴール農科大学、フィリピン大学ロスバニオス校、ユタ州立大学（以上海外交流協定校）、の農学教育または農学研究に従事する教員･研究者
・ バルク大学（アフガニスタン）、プトラ大学（マレーシア）の農学教育または農学研究に従事する
教員･研究者
・ 筑波大学、茨城大学の農学教育または農学研究に従事する教員･研究者
・ 筑波大学生命環境科学研究科「持続的農村開発（SRD）コース」の修了生
・ 筑波大学大学院生、茨城大学大学院生
・ 農学教育又は農学研究に従事する一般の研究者 等
8. 会議の形態
基調講演、招待講演、ポスターセッション、若手研究者フォーラム
9. 使用言語
英語

126

国際農学 ESD シンポジウム 2014（Ag-ESD Symposium 2014）の日程表
月

日

時

間

11 月 09 日（日）11 月 10 日（月）11 月 11 日（火）11 月 12 日（水）11 月 13 日（木）11 月 14 日（金）(若手研究者フォーラム)

プ

ロ

グ

ラ

ム

招聘外国人の成田空港到着・宿泊[ 成田のホテル ]08:30～10:00
10:30～12:00
12:00～13:00
13:15～13:30
13:30～14:00
14:00～14:15
14:15～15:15
15:15～16:15
18:00～20:00

招聘外国人の出迎え（大学から成田のホテルへ）
移動（成田から大学へ）
昼食
記念写真撮影(1)・・集合写真
開会式
記念写真撮影(2) ・・中庭側の外階段での撮影[ 大学会館特別会議室 ]
基調講演
【FAO】
受付・オリエンテーション（概要説明）
歓迎パーティ
[ 本部棟１Ｆレストラン ]09:20～09:40
09:40～10:20
10:20～11:00
11:00～12:15
12:15～13:30
13:30～14:00
14:00～14:40
14:40～15:20
15:20～16:00
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16:10～16:50
16:50～17:30
09:00～09:40
09:40～10:20
10:20～11:00
11:00～11:30
11:30～
13:00～14:00
14:00～16:00
16:00～17:00
16:30～18:30【 筑波大学農林技術センター 】
講演[ 大学会館特別会議室 ]招待講演 (1) 【 筑波大学 】
招待講演 (2) 【 茨城大学 】
休憩・昼食[ 大学会館ホール ]学生との対話（「専門語学Ⅰ」に対応）
休憩
招待講演 (3)【 ボゴール農科大学 】
招待講演 (4)【 カセサート大学 】
招待講演 (5)【 フィリピン大学ロスバニオス校 】
休憩[ 大学会館特別会議室 ]招待講演 (6)【 バルク大学 】
招待講演 (7)【 プトラ大学 】
招待講演 (8)【 ユタ州立大学 】
招待講演 (9)【 SRD コース修了生 1 】[ 大学会館特別会議室 ]招待講演 (10)【 SRD コース修了生 2 】[ 総合交流会館多目的ホール ]展示ポスター視察（ポスター・ビューイング）
移動 (マイクロバス) ＊浅草へ
昼食
エクスカーション
移動 (マイクロバス) ＊大学会館別館へ

09:00～13:30
13:30～15:00
15:00～
09:00～09:30
09:30～10:00
10:00～10:30
10:30～10:40
10:40～11:10
11:10～11:40
11:40～13:00
13:00～14:00
14:00～18:00
18:00～20:00

ポスター 発表 (昼食時間含む)
坂戸高校海外活動報告
優秀ポスター賞等表彰式
発表 (1)【 茨城大学 】
発表 (2)【 ボゴール農科大学 】
発表 (3)【 カセサート大学 】

1111月月1515日（土）日（土） 07:00～18:00
07:00～18:00～11 月 16 日（日）[ 総合交流会館多目的ホール ][ 大学会館特別会議室 ]休憩[ 大学会館特別会議室 ]発表 (4)【 フィリピン大学ロスバニオス校】
発表 (5)【 筑波大学 】
昼食・休憩
閉会式 ( 優秀発表賞等表彰式を含む )[ 大学会館特別会議室 ]フリータイム
送別パーティ

[ スープファクトリー ]招聘外国人の帰国 (( 大学から成田空港へ送り大学から成田空港へ送り ))招聘外国人の帰国

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