平成 20 年度

前期

外国語 Ａ（英 語）

10:00〜10:50

解答上の注意１．試験開始の合図があるまでこの問題冊子を開いてはならない。
２．英語の問題紙は表紙を含め 11 ページある。
３．解答用紙は「外国語 A（英語）解答用紙」1 枚である。
４．解答用紙は必ず提出すること。(問題紙は持ち帰ってよい。)
５．受験番号は、監督員の指示に従い、解答用紙の指定された箇所に必ず記入すること。
６．解答はすべて解答用紙の指定された欄に記入すること。
７．必要以外のことを解答用紙に書いてはならない。
８．問題紙の余白は下書きに使用してもさしつかえない。

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Part 1. Vocabulary
Directions: Questions (1)—(20) are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence (orset of sentences) you will see 4 words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D).
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence(s). Then, write in theletter of the answer you have chosen on the answer sheet.
(1) The number of people coming back to the city toward the end of Golden Week willlead to severe () on the national highways.

(A) barrenness(B) congestion(C) limitation(D) reservation(2) The veterinarian found out that our cat had a virus that could be () to people

through contact.
(A) committed(B) conducted(C) involved(D) transmitted(3) The kidnappers released their (), unharmed, after 48 hours of captivity.

(A) heritages(B) hostages(C) hostilities(D) hosts(4) Hiroko was so nervous during the interview for () into the graduate school thatshe does not remember a single word she said.
(A) admission(B) allowance(C) information(D) permission(5) The speaker () the audience with his eloquent and persuasive remarks.

(A) dared(B) dazzled(C) disposed(D) distressed(6) Company X came to the conclusion that it would dismiss () personnel after themerger with Company Y.
(A) extravagant(B) indispensable(C) insufficient(D) redundant(7) In the marathon, Miki and Yuka finished in third and fourth place ((A) relatively(B) respectably(C) respectively(D) respectfully(8) Our company ().

) the performance of all its employees before paying the summerbonus.
(A) approximates(B) evaluates(C) summarizes(D) values(9) Nowadays we often undertake our financial () on computers using the Internet.

(A) capabilities(B) certainties(C) promises(D) transactions2(10) The shop owner had to () the entire building after it was damaged by fire.

(A) recline(B) recycle(C) remedy(D) renovate(11) This software is so () that some people never manage to understand it even afteryears.
(A) ambiguous(B) determined(C) sophisticated(D) user-friendly(12) Our baby has a high fever. Although we have given him medication, one of us had
better be awake to () him during the night.

(A) look at(B) see(C) take care(D) watch(13) One of the goals that I would like to () during the four years of my college life is

to become educated in liberal arts.
(A) chase(B) follow(C) get(D) pursue(14) The research paper that I am currently working on is () of what I have alreadypublished.
(A) a detraction(B) an expansion(C) a growth(D) a production(15) I mentioned some typical examples to () the difference between past andpresent tense.
(A) decorate(B) generate(C) illustrate(D) migrate(16) Every argument in the academic paper is ().

(A) damaged(B) flawed(C) ruined(D) spoiled(17) About a week after picking this fruit it will turn red. Then it’s ((A) grown(B) matured(C) ripe(D) seasoned(18) Take this pain killer and it will () most of the pain.

(A) decline(B) diminish(C) drop(D) withdraw(19) I thought his reason was ().

), but most of my classmates thought it was a badexcuse.
(A) intentional(B) legitimate(C) rewarding(D) typical(20) Instead of () all your garbage, you should try to recycle some of it.

(A) abandoning(B) getting rid of(C) rejecting(D) throwing

3Part 2. Structure
Directions: Questions (21)—(40) are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence (orset of sentences) you will see 4 words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D).
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence(s). Then, write in theletter of the answer you have chosen on the answer sheet.
(21) Yuichi is a respectable person, and should be treated as ((A) it(B) respected(C) such(D) that(22) Had I () the truth, I would have told you about it.

(A) been known(B) knew(C) known(D) to know(23) I was happy ((24) ().

) on your writing a thesis.

(A) that I advise you(B) to advising for you(C) to have advised you(D) with advising you) with newly hired employees, they had no idea how to use the copy machines.
(A) As is usually the case(B) As the case is usually(C) Such is usually the case(D) Which is usually the case(25) The proportion of male () female customers is important in making a decisionon the company’s marketing policy.
(A) by(B) for(C) on(D) to(26) That () the case, I could not say that I would finish the task by the end of thisweek.
(A) be(B) being(C) having(D) is(27) The boy was made to apologize () his bad table manners.

(A) for his mother on(B) his mother(C) his mother for(D) to his mother for(28) I came () to losing control of the vehicle because of the heavy rain pouring ontothe road.
(A) across(B) along(C) close(D) nearly(29) Fortunetellers can tell () in the future.

(A) how a person’s fortune will be like(B) how is a person’s fortune going to be(C) what a person’s fortune will be like(D) what will a person’s fortune go4(30) My son came home with () men from his college.

(A) other three young(B) other young three(C) three other young(D) three young other(31) Credit cards are very convenient because ((32) () major stores refuse to accept them.

(A) a few

(B) few(C) little(D) many) was my excitement about winning a lottery that I called my friends one afteranother.
(A) Great(B) Much(C) Such(D) Too big(33) He is () a wise person than a smart person.

(A) better of(B) more of(C) most of(D) much of(34) Mike and Bill find the job quite ().

(A) exhaust(B) exhausted(C) exhausting(D) exhaustively(35) I had no one ().

(A) complaining with(B) to complain(C) to complain at(D) to complain to(36) Never () Antarctica, I would really like to go there someday.

(A) being to(B) had been(C) have been(D) having been to(37) If I () to die today, what are the things I would most regret not doing?

(A) am(B) are(C) been(D) were(38) They would () if you could help them out.

(A) appreciate(B) appreciate for(C) appreciate it(D) appreciate that(39) There are several factors which contribute towards global warming, (excessive use of electricity.

(40) ((A) one of them(B) one of which(C) that(D) which) was the door closed than he started to yell at his wife.
(A) As soon(B) As yet(C) No longer(D) No sooner5) is thePart 3. Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following passage and choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or(D), to each question. Then, write in the letter of the answer you have chosen on theanswer sheet.
The year was 1932 and Mary Knight was ready to give birth. She went to Dr. Monroe
and he examined her large stomach. Something was wrong, however. The doctor could
not hear a heartbeat from the fetus. Although Mary appeared to be pregnant, hesuspected that she may be suffering from pseudocyesis, or phantom pregnancy. Herpregnancy was all in her imagination.
Dr. Monroe told Mary that she was about to give birth and gave her ether to put her tosleep. When Mary woke up, Monroe gave her the bad news. The baby was born dead.
Upon hearing this Mary’s stomach deflated. Then she returned home broken-hearted.
However, a week later she returned to Dr. Monroe again with a huge stomach claiming,“You forgot to deliver the twin! I can feel him kicking in here!”
What makes this story amazing is that although Mary falsely believed she waspregnant, her body had many of the symptoms of pregnancy including a big stomach
and an end to her period. Pseudocyesis is now rare, but it was more common in thepast when women were under severe social pressure to give birth. In effect, it isbelieved that their minds produced both the belief, and remarkably, the physicalsymptoms of pregnancy. The enlarged stomach is generally caused by the woman
unconsciously retaining gas. Because women with pseudocyesis are frequently
depressed about not being able to get pregnant, their period stops.
Even more surprising are a few cases where men have experienced pseudocyesis. This
most usually occurs in men whose wives are pregnant and they feel great concern forthem. Here, one possible cause is that because the men have such close contact with
their pregnant wives, a pregnancy hormone, called prolactin, is released in theirbrains. This hormone produces some of the symptoms of pregnancy in the men.
Clearly then, the mind can actually generate real physical symptoms in the body.
Nowhere is this more apparent than with placebos, which are pills, liquids, or powders
that have no treatment value. Placebos are often used when testing a new drug. Halfof the participants who have a certain medical problem receive a new drug while theother half receives a placebo. Neither set of patients know who is receiving the newdrug. In many of these drug trials, it has been noticed that even the participants who6are taking the placebo start feeling better. For example, in a famous study testing anew back pain medicine, one-quarter of the patients taking a placebo claimed to feelsome relief from the pain.
How is it possible that a person with an illness feels better simply by swallowing a pill
made of sugar? Unsurprisingly, the answer to this question is related to activity in thebrain. In a recent study of depressed patients, half received an anti-depressant, while
the other half took a placebo. As expected, some of the patients who took the placebo
reported a decrease in depression – an improvement. Then brain scans of both groups
were taken. Results showed that the people who reported improvement after taking
placebos had similar activity in their brains as those who had taken anti-depressants.
In other words, the act of taking a pill caused thoughts that could restructure theirbrains, even though the pill had no medicine in it. Amazingly, one study has shownthat up to 75% of improvements from anti-depressant medicine are due to theplacebo-effect rather than the drug itself.
It should be noted that placebos do have limits. They do not have any positive effect onsome people and they never have long-term effects against infectious diseases orillnesses such as cancer or heart disease. On the other hand, they can be quite
effective against illnesses centered in the brain such as depression or pain symptoms.

(41) The main message of this passage is that(A)

human faith in medicine is very strong.

(B)

placebos can really make a person’s health improve.

(C)the human brain is able to produce powerful physical effects.

(D)the brain can trick people into believing they are pregnant.

(42) According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
(A)

In studies using placebos, only those patients who receive the real drug know
they are not taking a placebo.

(B)

Men who claim to be pregnant are deceived by their hormones.

(C)

Placebos are effective only for those diseases which are not infectious.

(D)

The effect of a placebo can sometimes imitate that of a real drug.

(43) The passage implies that the mind(A)

can cure any illness if one believes strongly enough.

(B)

has some control over certain illnesses.

(C)working together with drugs can cure any illness.

(D)working together with placebos can cure any illness.

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(44) According to the passage, which sentence is correct regarding Mary Knight’s
pregnancy?
(A)

Both claimed pregnancies were illusionary.

(B)

She eventually gave birth to only one baby.

(C)

She eventually gave birth to twins.

(D)

She was not pregnant for her first twin but really was for her
second.

(45) Which of the following statements is NOT true?
(A)

Placebos are effective in some cases, but not in other cases.

(B)

Placebos are most effective in patients whose problems are centered in themind.

(C)

Placebos are not really drugs; they are used to make sick people think they
are taking drugs.

(D)

Placebos can cure most diseases if the sick person believes very strongly inthem.

8外国語Ａ (英語)Part 1
VocabularyPart 2
Structure

解答Part 3
Reading Comprehension

(1)

Ｂ

(21)

Ｃ(41)

Ｃ

(2)

Ｄ

(22)

Ｃ

(42)

Ａ

(3)

Ｂ

(23)

Ｃ(43)

Ｂ

(4)

Ａ

(24)

Ａ(44)

Ａ(5)

Ｂ

(25)

Ｄ(45)

Ｄ(6)

Ｄ(26)

Ｂ

(7)

Ｃ(27)

Ｄ(8)

Ｂ

(28)Ｃ(9)

Ｄ(29)

Ｃ(10)

Ｄ(30)

Ｃ(11)

Ｃ(31)

Ｂ

(12)

Ｄ(32)

Ｃ(13)

Ｄ(33)

Ｂ(14)

Ｂ(34)

Ｃ(15)

Ｃ(35)

Ｄ(16)

Ｂ(36)

Ｄ(17)

Ｃ(37)

Ｄ(18)

Ｂ

(38)

Ｃ(19)

Ｂ(39)

Ｂ

(20)

Ｂ(40)

Ｄ9