INTRODUCTORY NOTE
It is with pride that the Asia and Far East Institute for thePrevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) offers
to the international community Resource Material Series No. 59.
This volume contains the Annual Report for 2000 and the work
produced in two UNAFEI international training programmes: the118th International Training Course (conducted from 21 May to 12 July2001) and the 119th International Training Course (conducted from 10September to 1 November 2001). The main themes of these courses
were “Best Practices in the Institutional and Community-BasedTreatment of Juvenile Offenders” and “Current Situation of andCou nterm easu res a g ai nst Tra nsn a ti o na l Org a ni zed Crim e”,
respectively.
The United Nations has long recognized the specific problems posedby juvenile offending and at the Tenth United Nations Congress on thePrevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders held in Vienna,
April 2000, it urged for measures to be taken to address the root causes
and risk factors related to juvenile delinquency. Further, in the “Vienna
Declaration on Crime and Justice: Meeting the Challenges of theT w ent y -f i rst Ce n tu ry ”, ad op ted b y t h e Ten th Con g ress , th einternational community has accepted that a minimum use of theformal juvenile justice system is compatible with the recent trend
towards community and restorative justice (paragraphs 27 and 28 of
the Vienna Declaration). It is within this climate that the 118th
International Training Course specifically considered the treatment ofjuvenile offenders both institutionally and in the community.
The 119th International Training Course, in considering the main
theme of transnational organized crime, represented one of the annualcourses UNAFEI has recently been holding towards the autumn of eachyear concentrating on this issue. It is anticipated that global
commitment to combat organized crime will soon see itself manifested
in the ratification of the United Nations Conventi on a gainst
Transnational Organized Crime that was signed in December 2000 by
more than 120 member states. Added significance was given to thisvii

Course as it began the day after the atrocities occurred in the UnitedStates of America on 11 September 2001. This was an event that has
strengthened the international community’s resolve to counter every
form of organized crime.
In this issue, papers contributed by visiting experts, selectedindividual presentation papers from among the Course participants,
and the reports of the Courses are published. I regret that not all thepapers submitted by the Course participants could be published. Also, I
must request the understanding of the selected authors for not having
sufficient time to refer the manuscripts back to them before publication.
I would like to pay tribute to the contributions of the Government ofJapan, particularly the Ministry of Justice, the Japan International
Cooperation Agency and the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation forproviding indispensable and unwavering support to UNAFEI’sinternational training programmes.
Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all who sounselfishly assisted in the publication of this series; in particular theeditor of Resource Material Series No. 59, Mr. Sean Eratt (LinguisticAdviser) who so tirelessly dedicated himself to this series.
October 2002

Kunihiko Sakai
Director of UNAFEIviii