Contents
Message from the President ············································································

1

Message from the Director ·············································································

3

Background ································································································

4

Theme and Objective ····················································································

5

Program ····································································································

6

List of Participants ·······················································································

10

Summaries for Overseas Internship Session ·······················································

13

Summaries for the Young Researcher’s Forum ···················································

27

Abstracts for Poster Session ···········································································

37

Organizing Committee ·················································································· 109
Executive Committee ···················································································· 110
筑波アジア農業教育セミナー及びAg-ESDシンポジウムの沿革 ····························· 113
Ag-ESDシンポジウム 2016/TGSW2016の概要 ·················································· 117
Ag-ESDシンポジウム 2016/TGSW2016の日程表 ··············································· 118iDate: September 18 (Sun.) to 19 (Mon.), 2016
Venue: Laboratory of Advanced Research A, University of Tsukuba
1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Organizer: Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukubaii

Kyosuke Nagata
President
University of Tsukuba

Dear Colleagues and Friends
It is my distinct pleasure to welcome everyone to “Ag-ESD Symposium 2016” andTsukuba Global Science Week (TGSW) 2016, now for the 7th year running.
The history of the University of Tsukuba extends back 144 years when it was foundedby the Meiji government as Japan’s first institution of higher education and premier
Normal School. A little over forty years ago in October 1973, our university relocatedfrom Tokyo to Tsukuba City where it was reborn as a comprehensive institution ofhigher education.
Since its establishment, the University of Tsukuba has aimed for interdisciplinary
education and research and to be a university open to society and the world. In
accordance with these principles, we are delighted to host TGSW, which gathers
together a number of participants not only from a diverse range of academic fields, butalso from many different countries. What started out as an event with a single academic
discipline, TGSW 2016 now offers sessions from a wide variety of fields ranging fromhard sciences to humanities with prominent researchers from over 40 different
countries.
TGSW is a show case of world class researches carried out by our faculty members
jointly with fellow scientists throughout the globe, including those associated with1
1

public and quasi-public institutions based in Tsukuba Science City and our partner
universities outside Japan. But TGSW is more than that. The radical transformation of a
globalized society has brought about a range of global challenges – food crisis, energy
issues, environmental risks, never-ending wars, poverty, and the list goes on. These
could be solved only by Trans-Border collaboration for innovation, so that the greatercommunity of scientists, regardless of their areas of specialty, citizenship, ethnicity,
gender, faith, and world views, must get together and collaborate closely. TGSW canserve as an invaluable forum for exchanging views on how to meet those challenges in a
way that defies all kinds of traditionally conceived barriers.
The University of Tsukuba, just like other higher education institutions, also confronts a
range of issues. How can we stay afloat and relevant in this day and age? In particular,
how can we contribute to resolve global problems, how can we attract talented
individuals to our fold, the quest for external funding, just to name a few. Universities
have long been used to autonomy to the extent of being insulated from society at large.
TGSW offers a great chance for transcending a border between countries. We also want
to break down such barriers between sectors, for instance, by seeking synergy throughcollaborations with government and private firms. Hence, our choice as principal theme
for this year’s TGSW is Innovation and Collaboration among Industry, Government
and University. We are honored indeed to have as our keynote speakers pre-eminent
experts in the area – Dr. John Davis, Dr. Yuko Harayama, and Dr. David Winwood
among others.
I would like to thank all of you for your participation and hope that the range of sessions
on offer will set off meaningful dialogues among yourselves. The continuing success of
this conference means that planning can now proceed with confidence for the event next
year.

2
2

Yooichi Kainoh
Director
Agricultural and Forestry Research Center
University of Tsukuba

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to this symposium.
The Agricultural and Forestry Research Center has conducted the Ag-ESD Symposiumfor the past several years, playing a role in providing a forum for international exchange.
This year, the symposium focuses on human resources education through internships in
the fields of agriculture, food and the environment. I hope many people will take thisopportunity to discuss the role of internships for the educational development of
university students.
The Agricultural and Forestry Research Center has accepted college students from Asian
countries, and carried out internships through training activities in the farmlands of theCenter. From now, we can provide internships in the private sector as well as at the
University of Tsukuba, these private internships carry out activities while interacting withthe local people for a period of time living and working together. We also plan to send
Japanese students to Asian universities and private companies. We aim to train students
with practical experience through such internships.
Recently, it is said that students hesitate to go overseas. I sympathize with them sincegetting a job is becoming more and more difficult than ever before. However, there are
now a number of students from the College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences thatstrongly want to study abroad, and other students that want to have a training experienceabroad, we would like to support these activities. If we can find the best ways forinternships under the present situations by exchanging information through discussions at
this symposium, we will have achieved our goal.

3

Background
The Agricultural and Forestry Research Center of the University of Tsukuba has been
nominated by UNESCO as an Associated Center of the Asia-Pacific Program of Educational
Innovation for Development (APEID) in the field of vocational and technical education, and hasorganized the Tsukuba Asian Seminar on Agricultural Education (TASAE) annually since 1979.
TASAE has gained a good reputation as an international agricultural program under APEID
through the timely theme for each term. The themes of TASAE for each term were as follows:
・ 1979-1981【 The second term of APEID 】
Agricultural Education at the Secondary Level in Asia
・ 1982-1986【 The third term of APEID 】
Strategies for Innovation of Agricultural Education in Asian Countries
・ 1987-1991【 The forth term of APEID 】
Education and Research for Higher Agricultural Productivity Conserving Nature
Agro-ecosystem in Asian and Pacific Countries
・ 1992-1996【 The fifth term of APEID 】
Education and Research for Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Conserving Nature
and Agro-ecosystem in Asian and Pacific Countries
・ 1997-2001【 The sixth term of APEID 】
Innovative strategies for linking agricultural and environmental education in Asian andPacific Countries for the 21st century
・ 2002-2007【 The seventh term of APEID 】
The utilization and conservation of the water resources for human survival, bioproduction
and

the

environment

considering

sustainable

development,

and

the

role

of

agro-environmental education
・ 2008-2013【 The eighth term of APEID 】
Promotion of Ag-ESD for the Development of a Sustainable Future
The 2008 International Symposium on Agricultural Education for Sustainable Development(Ag-ESD Symposium 2008) succeeded TASAE and the first annual symposium in the eighth termof APEID was held at the University of Tsukuba in November 2008. The eighth term of APEID issponsored in collaboration with the Japan National Commission for UNESCO, JICA, Ibaraki
University and the International Cooperative Education Program for Creation of Harmonious
Asian Countries. The aim of Ag-ESD is to promote reform and improve agricultural higher
education, especially considering environmental problems from an international viewpoint.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2009 entitled “Food Safety and Food Security in Agricultural ESD” washeld from November 9th to 12th at the university as the second annual symposium. Eighteen participants
were invited from 7 countries: Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Malawi, Nigeria and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2010 was held from November 8th to 11th at the University ofTsukuba and focused on “Secondary and Higher Education for Sustainable Development:
Agriculture and the Environment ”. Fifteen participants from 8 countries: Philippines, Thailand,4

Indonesia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Malawi, Ghana and Japan. A special session was organizedfor participation of high school teachers from Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2011 was held from November 7th to 11th and focused on“Appropriate Use of Biodiversity in Agricultural ESD”. Twenty-one participants from 9 countries:
Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Afghanistan, U.S.A, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2012 was held from October 29th to November 2nd and focused on“Technological Innovations to Reduce Environmental Impacts in Agricultural Education for
Sustainable Development”. Nineteen participants from 9 countries: Philippines, Thailand,
Indonesia, Afghanistan, U.S.A, Ghana, Kenya, Laos and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2013 was held from November 25th to 29th and focused on “TheRole of Universities in Promoting Agricultural Education for Sustainable Development”.
Seventeen participants from 7 countries: Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Afghanistan, U.S.A,
Kenya and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2014 was held from November 10th to 14th and focused on“Premium Agriculture and Food Project”. Sixteen participants from 9 countries: Philippines,
Thailand, Indonesia, Afghanistan, U.S.A, Malaysia, Ghana, Zambia and Japan.
The Ag-ESD Symposium 2015 was held from November 16th to 20th and focused on “FoodLoss and Food Waste”. Eighteen participants from 9 countries: Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia,
Afghanistan, U.S.A, Malaysia, Sweden, Ghana, and Japan.

Theme and Objective
1) Theme
Education for Sustainable Development
Overseas Internship / Agriculture, Food and Environment2) Objective
We report on the conditions and outcomes of training programs in the areas of food, theenvironment, bioresources, and food production. We use information from businesses, universities,
and laboratories conducting global operations and internships overseas, particularly in Southeast
Asia, a region increasingly receptive to Japanese food production technologies and with whichclose relationships are expected going forward. We also discuss the opinions of experts fromnational research institutes on new training programs for nurturing students who thrive in industry,
government, and academia in the future. We draw connections with the nurturing of personnel
capable of building new global innovations.

5

Ag-ESD Symposium 2016/TGSW2016 Program
Program of 2016 International Symposium on Agricultural Education for Sustainable Development
A Section Meeting under Tsukuba Global Science Week.
September 16 (Fri.)

September 17 (Sat.)
08:00
09:30
09:30-12:30
12:30-13:30(13:30-16:30)
15:00-15:30
16:00-17:00
18:00-20:00
September 18 (Sun.)
09:30-09:45

09:45-10:15

Arrival at Narita Airport[ Overnight stay at Hotel Nikko Narita ]Leave Hotel Nikko Narita for University of Tsukuba(By chartered Bus)
Arrival at International Congress Center(Downtown Tsukuba city)
Opening Session[ International Congress Center ]Industry-Government-University Collaboration & Innovation
Lunch
Session[ International Congress Center ]Move to the " University Hall Annex " by taxi
Orientation and Registration[ University Hall Annex, UT ]Welcome Party[ The Soup Factory, UT ]Opening Ceremony[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]Opening Addresses
・Yooichi KAINOH, Director, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center (AFRC),
University of Tsukuba
Welcome Address・Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Provost, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,
University of Tsukuba
・Satoshi ASANO, Senior Assistant Director, Tsukuba International Center,
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
・Masayoshi SAITO, Director, Research Planning and Partnership Division,
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)【* Chairperson: Ryozo NOGUCHI 】
Group Photograph
Overseas Internship Session
Invited Lecture (1)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Kaori ABE, Programme Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN♢ Topic: “Internship at FAO: A Unique Experience in a UN Work Environment ”【* Chairperson: Atsushi Tajima 】

6

10:15-10:45

10:45-11:00
11:00-11:30

11:30-12:00

12:00-13:00
13:00-13:30

13:30-14:00

14:00-14:30

14:30-14:45
14:45-15:15

Invited Lecture (2)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Maria Cynthia OLIVEROS, Associate Professor, University of the Philippines
Los Baños♢ Topic: “ Capacity Development in Agro-Bioresource through International
Internship Program: The UPLB Experience ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Break
Invited Lecture (3)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Sutkhet NAKASATHIEN, Dean and Assistant Professor, Kasetsart University♢ Topic: “ Internationalizing Our Faculty to the World Class Agriculture Ranking:Lessons Learned from FOA, Kasetsart University ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Invited Lecture (4)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Purwiyatno HARIYADI, Professor, Bogor Agricultural University♢ Topic: “ Local Community Education for Sustainable Food Security ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Lunch and BreakInvited Lecture (5)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・David HOLE, Professor, Utah State University♢ Topic: “ Cross Pollinating Ideas: Research Internships and Exchanges at Utah
State University ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Invited Lecture (6)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Aya FUJITA, JICA Expert in Pakistan / Economist Consultant, Asia Engineering
Consultant Co., Ltd.
♢ Topic: “ Impact of Overseas Field-based Internship on Career Design ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Invited Lecture (7)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Tatsuo SATO, Associate Professor, Ibaraki University♢ Topic: “ Joining Community Service Activity as an Internship Program inJava Island ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
Break
Invited Lecture (8)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Kunio TSUBOTA, Professor, Meiji University♢ Topic: “ Model UN Conference at FAORAP: a Step forward to Overseas
Internship ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】

7

15:15-15:45

15:45-16:00
16:00-16:25
16:25-16:30

November 19 (Mon.)
09:00-12:00
12:00-13:00

13:00-13:30

13:30-14:00

14:00-14:30

14:30-14:40

Invited Lecture (9)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Nakao NOMURA, Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba♢ Topic: “ Internship Program Related with Development of Global Human
Resources in University of Tsukuba ”【 * Chairperson: Internship Student 】
BreakGeneral Discussion[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]【 * Chairperson: Hiroyuki KONUMA, Professor, Meiji University 】
Closing Remarks
・Hisayoshi HAYASHI, Vice Director, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center(AFRC), University of Tsukuba

Poster Session
・Student Presentation
Lunch and Break[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]Young Researcher’s Forum
Presentation (1)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Nur Akbar AROFATULLAH, PhD Student, United Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology(Ibaraki University)♢ Topic: “ Introduction of Open Platform Ubiquitous Environment Control System(UECS-Pi) for Greenhouse Management and Agricultural Research
Activities ”【 * Chairperson: Takumaru HISATOME 】
Presentation (2)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Annisa Utami SEMINAR, Graduate Students, Bogor Agricultural University♢ Topic: “ Agroecology Education within Farmer’s Community Towards Food
Sovereignty ”【 * Chairperson: Nur Akbar AROFATULLAH 】
Presentation (3)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Yanika TONTHONG, Master degree student, Kasetsart University♢ Topic: “ Germination and Storability of Germinated Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seed
Left Over from the Previous Broadcasting ”【 * Chairperson: Annisa Utami SEMINAR 】
Break

8

14:40-15:10

15:10-15:40

15:40-16:00
16:00-16:30
16:30-17:30
17:30-18:00
18:00-20:00

September 20 (Tue.)
07:00 -17:00
September 21 (Wed.)
09:00-10:00

Presentation (4)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Maricel Arcega TAPIA, Assistant Professor 1, University of the Philippines,
Los Baños♢ Topic: “ Cost-Benefit Analysis and Impacts of Conventional Farming, Organic
Farming and Coffee-based Agroforestry System on the Ecosystem
Services of Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape,Philippines ”【 * Chairperson: Yanika TONTHONG 】
Presentation (5)[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]・Takumaru HISATOME, Master Student, University of Tsukuba♢ Topic: “ Suppressive Effect of Ashitaba Components on Endothelium Senescenceand its Molecular Mechanism Involved ”【 * Chairperson: Maricel Arcega TAPIA 】
BreakAwards Ceremony & Closing[ Laboratory of Advanced Research A, UT ]Free TimeMoving to the " Hotel Grand Shinonome " by taxi
Farewell Party[ Hotel Grand Shinonome ](Downtown Tsukuba city)
Excursion
Leave University of Tsukuba for technical tour to NIKKO
Lunch
Arrival at University of Tsukuba

Departure from Japan9

List of Participants__________________________________________________________________________________________【Opening Address】
Yooichi KAINOH
Director, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba【Welcome Address】
Hiroshi MATSUMOTO
Provost, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,
University of Tsukuba
Satoshi ASANO
Senior Assistant Director,
Tsukuba International Center, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Masayoshi SAITO
Director, Research Planning and Partnership Division,
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)【Overseas Internship Session】
Invited Lecturer
Kaori ABE
Programme Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Maria Cynthia OLIVEROSAssociate Professor, University of the Philippines, Los Baños 【Philippines】
Sutkhet NAKASATHIEN
Dean and Assistant Professor, Kasetsart University 【Thailand】
Purwiyatno HARIYADI
Professor, Bogor Agricultural University 【Indonesia】
David HOLE
Professor, Utah State University 【USA】
Aya FUJITAJICA Expert in Pakistan / Economist Consultant
Asia Engineering Consultant Co., Ltd. 【Japan】

10

Tatsuo SATO
Associate Professor, Ibaraki University 【Japan】
Kunio TSUBOTA
Professor, Meiji University 【Japan】
Nakao NOMURA
Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba 【Japan】
Makoto HISHIDA
Section Manager, Recruiting Group, Human Resources Dept.
Kubota Corporation 【Japan】
Chairperson in General Discussion
Hiroyuki KONUMA
Professor, Organization for International Collaboration Director,
Meiji University ASEAN Center 【Japan】【Young Researcher’s Forum】
Presenter
Nur Akbar AROFATULLAH
PhD Student, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University ofAgriculture and Technology (Ibaraki University) 【Japan】
Annisa Utami SEMINAR
Graduate Students, Bogor Agricultural University 【Indonesia】
Yanika TONTHONG
Master degree student, Kasetsart University 【Thailand】
Maricel Arcega TAPIA
Assistant Professor 1, University of the Philippines, Los Baños 【Philippines】
Takumaru HISATOME
Master Student, University of Tsukuba 【Japan】

11

Summaries
for Overseas Internship Session

Contributors【Overseas Internship Session】･ Kaori ABE< Food<Food andand Agriculture
Agriculture Organization
Organization ofof thethe United
United Nations
Nations >>Internship at FAO: A Unique Experience in a UN Work Environment ········· 17[ Invited Lecturers from the Universities sharing Academic Exchange Agreementswith the University of Tsukuba ]･ Maria Cynthia OLIVEROS<< University
University ofof thethe Philippines,
Philippines, Los
Los Baños
Baños >>

Capacity Development in Agro-Bioresource through International Internship
Program: The UPLB Experience ····················································· 18･ Sutkhet NAKASATHIEN< Kasetsart<
Kasetsart University
University >>Internationalizing Our Faculty to the World Class Agriculture Ranking:Lessons Learned from FOA, Kasetsart University ································· 19･ Purwiyatno HARIYADI<< BogorBogor Agricultural
Agricultural University
University >>Local Community Education for Sustainable Food Security ············································2020･ David HOLE<
< UtahUtah State
State University
University >>Cross Pollinating Ideas: Research Internships and Exchanges at Utah State
University ··············································································· 21･ Aya FUJITA<< AsiaAsia Engineering
Engineering Consultant
Consultant Co.,
Co., Ltd.
Ltd. >>

Impact of Overseas Field-based Internship on Career Design ···················· 22･ Tatsuo SATO<
< Ibaraki
Ibaraki University
University >>Joining Community Service Activity as an Internship Program in Java Island ···· 23

15

･ Kunio TSUBOTA< Meiji University >Model UN Conference at FAORAP: a Step forward to Overseas Internship ···· 24･ Nakao NOMURA< University of Tsukuba >Internship Program Related with Development of Global Human Resources in
University of Tsukuba ································································· 25･ Makoto HISHIDA< Kubota Corporation >Introducing Kubota ····································································· 26

16

Kaori ABE
Programme Officer (Partnership and Resource Mobilization)
Regional Office for Asia and the PacificFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Bangkok, Thailand
Email: kaori.abe@fao.org
Specialty: resource mobilization, partnership

Internship at FAO: A Unique Experience in a UN Work Environment
Are you interested in working for an International Organization?
Are you willing to embark on a challenging opportunity that will enrich your personalas well as your professional experience?
If so, consider applying for an internship at FAO. The Organization offers several
options within its Headquarters and its decentralized offices worldwide to provide hands-on
opportunities for students or young graduates to learn more about what FAO does.
FAO’s internship programme is an initiative targeted for talented, highly qualified
students and young graduates who would like to learn what FAO does. Under the supervisionof a staff member, interns work with international and national staff and are involved in theidentification, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of FAO activities. Purposesof assignments vary and may have a country-specific, regional, sector-based or thematic
focus.
FAO is the UN’s specialized agency working on areas of agriculture, food security andnutrition. Improvement in these areas is important to lift millions of people living indeveloping countries from malnutrition, food insecurity and chronic poverty. Achieving foodsecurity for all is at the heart of FAO's efforts – to make sure people have regular access toenough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives.
FAO creates and shares critical information about food, agriculture and natural
resources in the form of global public goods. We play a connector role, through identifying
and working with different partners with established expertise, and facilitating a dialogue
between those who have the knowledge and those who need it.
For students and young graduates studied in the field of agriculture, food related
technologies, natural resource management, it would be a great opportunity to experience how
those global public goods are created, being shared and a dialogue being facilitated globally,
regionally as well nationally.

17

Maria Cynthia OLIVEROSAssociate Professor, College of Agriculture
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna,Philippines
Email: mroliveros1@up.edu.phSpecialty: Animal Production and Animal Products Processing

Capacity Development in Agro-Bioresource through International
Internship Program: The UPLB Experience
The University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) is one of the constituent units of
the University of the Philippines System. It was first established as the UP College ofAgriculture in 1909. It has grown and expanded through the century and is now offeringvarious undergraduate and graduate programs. UPLB’s College of Agriculture (UPLB-CA) isa premier institution of higher learning in agriculture and food sciences that promotes thedevelopment of a robust agriculture and industry that meets the challenges of food security
and safety, poverty alleviation, climate change impact mitigation and environmental
sustainability. It is recognized by the Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) as
the Center of Excellence in Agricultural Education. UPLB is an active supporter of theenhancement of agriculture graduate programs because of the increasing demand for
graduates, particularly in the field of agriculture.
One of the strategic initiatives taken by UP System is the intensification ofinternationalization and formalization of quality assurance in education. UPLB’s strategicplan is composed of two processes: internationalization of the home university andinternationalization abroad. The former is being addressed by academic program revisions,
recruitment of international faculty, researchers, students and scholars, as well as developmentof the appropriate infrastructure and upgrading of research laboratories.
The increase in academic mobility programs and research collaboration, andestablishing joint degree programs are just some of the measures taken to attaininternationalization abroad. An increase in student mobility for the last four years has been
noted. Moreover, UPLB has signed agreements with partner universities abroad for the
institution of joint and dual degree programs through PhD by Research. It is currently hostinga satellite campus of a foreign university and implementing the Transnational PhD Research
Programs in Bio-agricultural Sciences and International Development. The offering ofinternational postgraduate course in Food and Nutrition Security and Sustainable
Development in Southeast Asia for credit transfer is already in the planning stage.
The benefits from student mobility are better employment opportunities, careeradvancement and development of graduates with core competencies that are better suited to
the needs of the ASEAN integration.
UPLB commit to take the leadership in the development of a globally competitive
educational system that will uphold the tradition of honor and excellence. While we foresee
difficulties ahead, we fully take the challenge of internationalization as we believe that as
UPLB becomes more and more active in the international arena, the quality of higher
education in the Philippines will be uplifted and will redound to better education for Filipinosin the future.

18

Sutkhet NAKASATHIEN
Dean and Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture,
Kasetsart University
E-mail: agrddj@ku.ac.thInternationalizing Our Faculty to the World Class Agriculture Ranking:Lessons Learned from FOA, Kasetsart University
This session aims to share information on the Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart
University, regarding its policy and practice of internationalization. It will start with someexamples of successful collaboration efforts in early years with universities, higher education
organizations, and other related institutions in the U.S.A., Europe, Asia and other continents.
With the designated role as one of the National Research Universities by the Thai government,
Kasetsart University has celebrated its 73rd anniversary this year with its continuous growthin overall capacity. For international recognition, Kasetsart University is positioned among theworld’s top universities for agriculture and forestry, ranked first in ASEAN, fourth in Asia,and 47th in the world with the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2016. The session
will consequently focus on how we have met the major ranking criteria, i.e. reputation,
publications, and citations, followed by our ongoing attempts to climb up this ranking system,
as well as other reliable university ranking systems. Recognizing that the exchange ofstudents, researchers and teaching staff is another key parameter to be assessed, the Faculty ofAgriculture has maintained strong partnerships with world-class institutions, and has also
worked together with potential partners, particularly those who share missions andinternational goals with us. All these valuable academic and industrial networks at regional,
continental and global scales will continue to be strengthened for the benefit of our future
generations who will keep on fighting for greener, cleaner, and thus better agriculture in ourcountry and the world.

19

Purwiyatno HARIYADI
Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology
Bogor Agricultural University
E-mail: phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Specialty: Food Process Engineering

Local Community Education for Sustainable Food Security
Food security has been defined as a condition when all people at all times have accessto sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. This definitionindicates that the main indicator for food secured country is the number of individual withhealthy and active life. Report of the FAO (the State of Food Insecurity in the World (FAO,
2015) indicated that, globally, about 795 million people are undernourished every day, andabout 2 billion people lacking the nutrients. This condition is a direct reflection of the global
food security condition; hindering individual to have a healthy and active life. Furthermore,
rapid growing of world population, coupled decreasing quantity (area) and quality (suitability
and fertility) of land provide even more challenge for food security.
In the case of Indonesia, considering the nature of bio-resources, food security should
be developed utilizing its abundant and rich variety local food resources. Food security
should be strengthen by promoting food diversification, not only to reduce dependency on
only a few (one or two) food commodities -especially rice in the case of Indonesia- but also
increase variety of food consumption improving the quality of nutritional intake.
Indonesia is rich in local and/or regional foods. Many of those regional foods are
locally unique and indigenous in nature. Furthermore, many of them have been traditionallyproduced by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) at local community. It isapparent that food MSMEs throughout Indonesia is naturally a driving force for fooddiversification. However; to be more widely accepted, input of appropriate technology isneeded to provide better value of foods for the consumers. Consequently, there is a need todevelop local community education support program for the MSMEs; to contribute more
toward food diversification, leading to better food security. This paper will illustrate local
community education for sustainable food security in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.

20David HOLE
Professor, Plants, Soils, and Climate, Utah State University
2325 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA
E-mail: david.hole@usu.edu
Specialty: Plant breeding/Genetics

Cross Pollinating Ideas: Research Internships and Exchanges at Utah State
University
Very few research universities in the US have specific budgets for international
exchanges. Yet there are many prospects for infusing current agricultural research with vibrant
new ideas. Historically the US recognized the value of participating in international
exchanges for research and education, but budgets for these types of activities have long been
shrinking. It is now necessary to be more creative in generating opportunities for researchexchanges. Utah State University has no formal program for exchanging students or scholars
for internship or work experiences. However, many universities are able to generate
immigration forms for J-1 visas that allow short term internship programs. It is necessary toindividually tailor each internship program, and that becomes the bottleneck in expanding
these internships.
A number of productive research internships in agriculture between The University ofTsukuba, Kasetsart University, and Utah State University, with students travelling eachdirection, has demonstrated the benefits to the host laboratories and to the students. In
addition, the university has brokered informal work internships with local agriculturaloperations which give international students the opportunity to live and work on a local farm.
These programs are invaluable to both the students and the host family, but are even moredifficult to arrange. The main difficulties to developing these program are related to US
immigration regulations. The US H-1B visa program is limited to specialty occupations forwhich agricultural activities rarely qualify.
By far the largest deterrent to these internships is the relatively few students who can see thevalue in participating in an exchange at a foreign university. Every student who has completed
an international internship or exchange becomes our best ambassador to recruit new students
to the program. Our biggest challenge is to nurture those students and provide them resources
and avenues for them to use to recruit new students to these exchanges.

21Aya FUJITAJICA Expert in Pakistan / Economist Consultant
Asia Engineering Consultant Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
Email: a-fujita@aec-inc.jp (Company)
aya.fujita112@gmail.com (Private)
Specialty: Development Economics, Human Security

Impact of Overseas Field-based Internship on Career Design
The main purpose of this presentation is targeted for professors, researchers andstudents of the lecturers and the audience to demonstrate how overseas field-base internshipaffects the youth’s growth in global competency significantly both academic and careerbuilding-wise, and to suggest some recommendations how academic society can expand theseopportunities and assist students to make their experiences more effective and bigger impact
on individuals as well as society.
The presentation consists of three sections: i) introduction of my academic and career
path, and internship experience, ii) how significant overseas field-base internship while inschool is to build up career path especially in international cooperation, and finally iii) what it
takes to seize a unique and best-fit overseas experience and what it takes to improve thoseexperience more effective.
The first section focuses on introduction of one case of myself, how I became a Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Expert, which is one of a few limited paths ofinternational cooperation job soon after graduating from university. My field internshipexperience related with human security including food security in Food and Agriculture
Organization of United Nations (FAO), Pakistan office will be introduced in this section.
Citing the actual experience introduced briefly in the previous section, how influential
overseas field-base internship in undergraduate students’ future is described in the second
section. Before participating in internship, what outputs and outcomes can be expected interms of academic work and career designing should be visualized by both intern students andtheir professors.
The final section reviews what components can contribute to expanding opportunities andmore fruitful overseas internship experience for undergraduate students from lessons learnt byvoices of experience with lots of hope for the future human resource development supported
by stronger partnership between academia and industry.

22

Tatsuo SATO
Associate Professor
Field Science Center, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University
Ami4668-1, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0331
E-mail: sugar@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
Specialty: Agricultural Production Technology

Joining Community Service Activity as an Internship Programin Java Island
What we can do when we meet another culture in the world? We have to find problems,
transmit our opinion, discuss the matter, reach a conclusion and do by ourselves. In 2012,
Japanese Federation of Economic Organizations had a questionnaire to the participatingcompanies about main point for fresh person’s recruitment. 582 companies answered and thebest five were 1. Communication ability, 2. Autonomy, 3. Challenging spirit, 4.
Cooperativeness, and 5. Sincerity. The personality companies require is quite same as thethesis described above. Thus, Ibaraki University (IU) started an internship program at a ruralvillage in Java island, Indonesia as a collaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) in
2013. “Kuliah Kerja Nyata – Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (KKN-PPM; Student
Community Services – Community Empowerment Learning)” is one of the required subject
in UGM which conducted by research based program on community service using
multidisciplinary approach method.
During KKN-PPM, students organize small groups and stay two months to conduct
community empowering activities in rural areas in Indonesia. Together with UGM student’s,
IU students stay at villager’s home and share approximately one week for support activity ofstrawberry production, improvement of living condition, and social-cultural exchange. All
projects are planned and executed only by students. The collaboration starts three months
before departure. Video meeting via “Skype” is effective for exchanging information anddiscussion smoothly. Students are divided into small sub groups consists of less than ten
members and conduct several projects mainly. As an illustration, Strawberry production
seminar, soil improvement, water and soil analysis, food processing, Japanese class, Origami,
hand washing practice and tooth brushing practice were held for producers, housewives andschoolchildren until now. In almost case, everything never goes on so smoothly and students
have to improve the contents on site based on the condition. Students sometimes have to
substitute materials which they could get at the site when they couldn’t find it around thevillage. Hence discussion and preparation continues until midnight every day. Although in
KKN-PPM sites almost everything (food, religion, custom, etc) is different from Japan, IU
students could manage to communicate with the host family day by day.
Around ten students from IU participating this program every year, and for half of themthis opportunity is a first experience to visit foreign country. Many IU participants reported
about the diligence and highly conscious of UGM students and reflection about their lack ofeffort including language skill. Though it is impossible to change our personality within only
one week, many students felt they succeeded to relate to the foreign people beyond theinvisible wall such as language, religion, culture and age after various collaboration.

23

Kunio TSUBOTA
Professor, department of agriculture
Meiji University, Kawasaki-city, Japan
E-mail: kuniorome@yahoo.co.jp
Specialty: Agricultural economics

Model UN Conference at FAORAP: a Step forward to Overseas Internship
For ordinary Japanese students who hesitate even for local internship, overseasinternship is beyond their imagination. Many factors lie behind but language barrier and lackof overseas experience are the single largest reasons. The agriculture department of Meiji
university launched a pilot program in 2012 to provide ordinary students with opportunities tofeel and learn the reality of overseas agriculture and people’s way of life. The program
includes several components such as meetings and discussions with Thai students, visits tolocal markets and food processing companies and a model UN conference in FAORAP. Last 3
year experience indicates that the model UN conference would be a most effective means to
let students move forward to the international carrier development. Through its preparation
process, teams of multidisciplinary students learn themselves major challenges that food andagriculture in the selected country faces and consider themselves possible solutions. In theconference, they chair the meetings and make presentations and discussions. All are done inEnglish in collaboration with students from two Thai universities. It often happens thatstudents, who could speak only few words in English 4 month before, actively participate in
the conference discussions. They look more confident themselves, become more interested ininternational affairs, and start thinking of overseas education. Although the model UN
conference requires intensive and prudent support from university staff as well as fullcollaboration with UN agencies and other universities, it should be worth trying.

24Nakao NOMURA
Associate Professor, Section of Planning and Coordination,
Global Commons Organization
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences
University of Tsukuba, Japan
E-mail: nomura.nakao.fa@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
Specialty: Bioprocess Engineering

Internship Program Related with Development of Global Human Resourcesin University of Tsukuba
It has been more than a decade since ‘internship’ was used in higher education in Japan.
The term ‘internship’ is nowadays widely used for several kinds of educational activities
which covers beyond original meaning in Japan. Therefore, MEXT (Ministry of Education
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan) published a definition of internship forJapanese higher education in 2009. In Japan, Internship is usually designed for humanresource development in line with demand from public and private sectors. Those sectors
usually provides space and expertise for university students. One of the most importantconcepts for human resource development is nurturing students who could contribute global
society, as called global human resources. In University of Tsukuba, there are several
programs for development of global human resources as international internship. One
program conducted throughout university is UN volunteer program. This program provides
students with working experience for 6-month in one of UN organization which is located indeveloping countries. For agricultural education, College of Agro-Biological Resource
Sciences has been offering related courses called Agricultural Internship Abroad. Agricultural
Internship Abroad has 4 courses (I – IV) depending on the location where program are
conducted. The programs in Asian, Japan, Europe and North America region are designatedAgricultural Internship Abroad I, II, III and IV, respectively. Every year, more than 40 college
students register the courses under Agricultural Internship Abroad and obtain international
experiences. All of the participating students utilized knowledge and learning points from thecourses for their career development. Some students decide 1-semester or 1-year exchange
program abroad to deepen their learning points. There are some students interested inapplying for double-degree program established by cooperation of University of Tsukuba andhost universities.

25

Makoto HISHIDA
Section Manager, Recruiting Group, Human Resources Dept.
Kubota Corporation, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
E-mail: makoto.hishida@kubota.com
Specialty: HR

Introducing Kubota
Corporate Information
The KUBOTA Group has numerous products that are leading the market in both Japan andthroughout the world. This is a solid proof that we are trusted by the market and our users.
The KUBOTA Group will continue striving to maintain its position as a corporate group that
pursues the trust and convenience of its users by offering products, technologies and services
with unwavering quality and performance.
1) Agricultural machinery: Since the food shortage following World War 2, KUBOTA
has contributed to the evolution of Japan's agricultural industry and produced agricultural
machinery focused on rice cultivation that ensures customers' trust through the solid
technology and quality. As a leading company in the domestic agricultural machinery
market—tractors, combine harvesters, rice trans-planters—KUBOTA is the driving force
behind streamlining and labor-savings in the agricultural industry. Moreover, in Asia, North
America and Europe, our products are also used in numerous applications in addition tofarming. From Japan to the world, from rice-growing to upland field farming, KUBOTAGroup continues to advance in leaps and bounds.
2) Engines: Our engines satisfy the requirements of exhaust regulations in countries
around the world. The KUBOTA Group holds the world's top share for industrial diesel
engines with displacements of less than 100hp.
3) Construction machinery: Our small construction machinery plays a major role inurban infrastructure development, etc. KUBOTA Group holds the world's top share in thecompact excavators' category (6t or less).
4) Pipe systems and water treatment facilities: Represented by the iron water pipes
passed down from the founder as its core business, KUBOTA is a comprehensive
manufacturer of water-related products that take part in the intake of water to its discharge,
including major products such as pumps, valves and water treatment facilities. Within Japan,
in addition to our flagship iron pipes, we have made several accomplishments as a top brandin the water treatment field.
Vision of Desired Human Resources
KUBOTA, as a company that contributes to society with products, technology and services
that resolves issues relating to food, water and environment. We are recruiting a person who
has the eagerness to find a solution for creating a better tomorrow.
Let’s take a walk together and carry out our promise “For Earth, For Life”.

26Summaries
for Young Researcher’s ForumContributors【Young Researcher’s Forum】･ Nur Akbar AROFATULLAH< United Graduate Schoolof Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (Ibaraki University) >Introduction of Open Platform Ubiquitous Environment Control System(UECS-Pi) for Greenhouse Management and Agricultural Research
Activities ················································································· 31･ Annisa Utami SEMINAR< Bogor Agricultural University >Agroecology Education within Farmer’s Community Towards Food
Sovereignty ·············································································· 32･ Yanika TONTHONG< Kasetsart University >Germination and Storability of Germinated Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seed Left Over
from the Previous Broadcasting ······················································· 33･ Maricel Arcega TAPIA< University of the Philippines, Los Baños >Cost-Benefit Analysis and Impacts of Conventional Farming, Organic Farming
and Coffee-based Agroforestry System on the Ecosystem Services of Mts.
Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape, Philippines ························ 34･ Takumaru HISATOME< University of Tsukuba >Suppressive Effect of Ashitaba Components on Endothelium Senescence and its
Molecular Mechanism Involved ······················································ 35

29

Nur Akbar AROFATULLAH
PhD Student, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Field Science Center, College of Agriculture,
Ibaraki University, Ami 4668-1, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0331,
Japan
E-mail: akbar1708@gmail.com
Specialty: Plant Biotechnology

Introduction of Open Platform Ubiquitous Environment Control System(UECS-Pi) for Greenhouse Management and Agricultural Research
Activities
The existence of low powered microcontroller unit (MCU) and credit card-sized
single-board computers (SBC) give a huge opportunity for the development of a genericenergy efficient lab equipment and environmental monitoring hardware. In Japan, Ubiquitous
Environment Control System (UECS) were established as a standard agreement of a system
for greenhouse management based on commercially available low cost MCU and SBC.
Various software and hardware which incorporating UECS standard has been developed.
UECS-Pi is one of the example of software works on Raspberry Pi SBC created by WaBit
company in which the free basic model was available for the public to build a Do-It Yourself(DIY) inexpensive greenhouse management system.
For attaining sustainable production in greenhouse, saving energy is the most essential
demand. Efficient energy consumption and maximal crop productivity can be achieved
through an optimal greenhouse climate management. For this purpose, precisionenvironmental control system is effective. However, high initial cost, complexity and lack ofversatility have prevented to introduce such system, especially in small scale greenhouse.
UECS-Pi could be an affordable solution, the system is designed to use a variety of genericsensor and a detailed manual for hardware production were provided by WaBit. Furthermore,
UECS-Pi system communicates using Common Corresponding Message (UECS-CCM)
which creates the possibility for expanding the basic function to build an autonomous
distributed integrated environmental control system, not only for controlling greenhouse but
also in agricultural research. The purpose of this project is to introduce the UECS-Pi system at
Ibaraki University greenhouse facility. Real time monitoring of greenhouse environment
could be performed with the system and therefore, more efficient crop cultivation could beobtained.
We produce the DIY version of UECS-Pi basic according to WaBit manual. With theflexible UECS-Pi basic software, we could connect UECS-Pi Basic hardware with
inexpensive Arduino MCU based multichannel thermocouple data logger and sensor expander.
By combining SBC based UECS-Pi with Arduino, it was possible to increase the UECS-Pi
basic capability to read multiple sensor with reasonable production cost. In addition to thecontinuous greenhouse monitoring and automation, UECS-Pi with expanded sensor system
could also be used for experimental data collection.

31

Annisa Utami SEMINAR
Graduate Students, Department of Development Communication
for Rural and Agricultural Society
Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
E-mail: seminar_annisa@apps.ipb.ac.id
Specialty: International communication

Agroecology Education within Farmer’s Community Towards Food
Sovereignty
Food sovereignty is an alternative approach attempting to resolve food crisis which theworld is facing today. Food sovereignty emphasizes small-scale farmers as main actors in afood and agricultural system. It encourages small-scale farmers to fully participate in thedecision-making process of national or international agreement regarding food and agriculture
system, so it will benefit and empower small-scale farmers.
Food sovereignty aspires to bring back the food and agriculture system to a domestic
level, which gives freedom to small-scale farmers in producing foods fitting to theirknowledge and experience that suited with local conditions. Agroecology is a management
approach to achieve a sustainable agriculture ecosystem utilizing local resources, local
wisdom and farmer’s local knowledge in producing foods. Thus, agroecology minimizes
production cost, increases the quality and quantity of foods, and gives small-scale farmers
more benefit.
Knowledge-sharing as an education theory for explaining farmer-to-farmer ways oflearning explained that there are three requirements for an effective learning process: (1) apublic space to share knowledge and experience, (2) provision of opportunities for every
participant to share and exchange their knowledge, views, and experience, and (3) the need toenhance their compentencies. Agroecology approach has already been practiced, maintained,
and disseminated within farmer’s community in the grassroots level, and shows promising
results. It was proved that by practicing agroecology, farmers produced more foods and gain
more benefit, meaning agroecology could be one of the answers for food crisis.
Farmer’s knowledge and experience are very vital in food and agriculture policy making.
Thus, by recognizing their knowledge and their learning process, a fair participatory food andagricultural system can be achieved, an idea that food sovereignty has strived for. This paper
focuses on describing the knowlede-sharing process about agroecology within farmer’scommunity towards achieving food sovereignty.

32

Yanika TONTHONG
Master degree student, Department of Agronomy,
Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University,
Bangkok, Thailand
E-mail: patty_house_1@hotmail.com
Specialty: Seed Science and Technology

Germination and Storability of Germinated Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seed Left
Over from the Previous Broadcasting
In rice growing areas where wetland broadcasting is practiced, farmers always facea problem with seed loss from the left-over of germinated seed prepared for broadcasting.
However, there is a possibility to reuse this left-over germinated rice seeds if they possess
desiccation tolerance ability. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate
the desiccation tolerance and the storability of germinated seed of rice cv. Supan Buri 1.
Rice seeds were prepared to germinate by soaking for 24 hours and then incubatedfor different periods of time, i.e. 0 (hydropriming), 12, 24, 36 to 48 hours comparing withthe untreated control. After soaking and incubating, the seed was dried back to 12% moisture
content and stored at room temperature and Chamber (13℃). Spit Plot design (CRD) with
4 replications was employed. The results showed that the germinated-rice seed had the ability
to tolerate desiccation and could be stored for a period of time. Before storage (week 0),
the germination percentages of all treatments were higher than 88% indicating thatthe germinated-rice seeds left over from previous broadcastings could be dried and reused asplanting materials. At 1 week of storage, the germination percentages of all treatments
decreased but still higher than 85% at room temperature and Chamber. At week 6,
the germination percentages of the untreated control and the other treatments; soaking
for 24 hours plus incubating for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours stored at room temperature were
90.25, 92.00, 81.00, 80.00, 76.75 and 75.00%, respectively but the treatments stored
at chamber still had germination percentage higher than 80% were 91.25, 93.75, 83.75, 82.5,
80.75 and 80%, respectively. At week 7, the germination percentages of the untreated control
and soaking for 24 hours without incubating stored at room temperature and chamber
and treatments were soaking for 24 hours plus incubating for 12, 24 hours stored at chamber
still had germination percentage higher than 80% At week 8, only the untreated control
and soaking for 24 hours without incubating that maintained the germination higher than 80%,
all the rests of the treatments had germination lower than 70%. Therefore, it can be concluded
that the germinated-rice seed prepared following the farmers’ normal practice by soaking for
24 hours plus incubating for 12-24 hours could be dried back and stored for6
weeks at room temperature and 7 weeks at chamber with the germination percentage
higher than 80%. This indicates that the germinated-rice seeds left over from the previous
broadcasting are desiccation tolerant and can be stored and reused as planting materials
after storing at room temperature for 6 weeks and 7 weeks at chamber.

33

Maricel Arcega TAPIA
Assistant Professor 1, Department of Social Forestry and Forest
Governance, College of Forestry and Natural Resources,
University of the Philippines Los Baños
College, Laguna 4030, Philippines
Email: matapia@up.edu.phSpecialty: Social Forestry; Climate Change Adaptation

Cost-Benefit Analysis and Impacts of Conventional Farming, Organic
Farming and Coffee-based Agroforestry System on the Ecosystem Servicesof Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape, Philippines
Reconciling protection and economic objectives has been considered as incompatible
activities in areas inhabited by communities before its declaration as a protected landscape.
The same difficulty confronts the Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape(MBSCPL), which had been proclaimed as a forest reserve, and later on as a protected
landscape to ensure its protection and conservation. The MBSCPL is valued not only for its
ecological and economic services but also for its cultural and religious importance. However,
the increasing population engaged in intensive agricultural activities in the area has posed
negative threats on the ecological integrity of, and sustainability of services provided by
MBSCPL.
The farming community (Brgy. Kinabuhayan, Dolores, Quezon), located within theprotected area, is the study site on the cost-benefit analysis to assess the impacts ofagricultural activities on the ecosystem services of MBSCPL. The potential shifts tosustainable agricultural activities such as organic farming (Option 1) and coffee-based
agroforestry system (Option 2) were explored, and their impacts on the MBSCPL were
investigated.
A total of 53 household respondents were interviewed in Brgy. Kinabuhayan. Theirfarming practices were considered conventional, with adverse ecological impacts of intensive
agriculture, such as high incidence of pests, soil acidity, and water scarcity upstream anddownstream. Net income was calculated at PhP 92,436 per hectare. On the other hand,
impacts on ecosystem services (biodiversity/habitat losses, incidence of pests, impacts ofpesticides on birds and insects, water used for production, water quality, soil acidity andnutrient loss) were valued at PhP 204,930.42 per hectare.
Shifting to Option 1 and Option 2 would result to net incomes of PhP 126,879.02 and
PhP 395,046.00 per hectare, respectively. Organic farming has the highest benefit-cost ratio(BCR) in terms of farm productivity (output less input) at 7.24, followed by conventionalfarming (4.91) and agroforestry (1.61). Considering the impacts on ecosystem services,
however, only coffee-based agroforestry system (Option 2) had BCR greater than one (i.e.,2.37) and a positive net present value (NPV) at PhP 343,214 per hectare.
The coffee-based agroforestry system that balances ecological integrity and meeting theneeds of the communities is recommended. Farmers, however, are quite reluctant to adopt the
production system due to the long waiting time in realizing the benefits and the substantial
financial requirement for its development. Intensive information, education andcommunication (IEC) campaign and technical and financial support are therefore
recommended to support and encourage communities to adopt this production system.

34

Takumaru HISATOME
Master Student, Graduate School of Life and Environmental
Sciences
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
E-mail: s1421108@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
Specialty: Food Functional Science

Suppressive Effect of Ashitaba Components on Endothelium Senescenceand its Molecular Mechanism Involved
Accumulating evidence indicates that the senescence of vein is closely related to aging.
In fact, blood pressure rises with age and the ratio of vascular diseases causing death also getshigher with age. Various kinds of stresses in our daily life generate reactive oxygen species(ROS) in the body and ROS causes the senescence of vein by inducing endothelium
senescence. Angelica keiskei, also called Ashitaba, is an edible vegetable that is native toJapan. Several components of Ashitaba are known to be beneficial for health. Althoughxanthoangelol (XA) and 4-hydroxyderricin (4HD), which are unique components of Ashitaba,
exhibit an antioxidative activity, their effect on endothelium senescence has not yet beenreported. In this study, we investigated whether XA and 4HD can suppress H2O2-induced
senescence of porcine endothelial cells and also elucidated their signaling pathway involved.
Senescence-associated -galactosidase staining was used for measuring the ratio ofsenescent cells. Pretreatment and aftertreatment of the cells with XA or 4HD suppressed
H2O2-induced endothelium senescence. Besides, western blotting revealed that both XA and
4HD increased the expression level of Sirt1, catalase, and Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a).
Catalase is a typical antioxidative enzyme whose expression is regulated by the transcription
factor FoxO3a. Also, Sirt1 is known to deacetylate and inactivate the senescence related
protein p53. These data suggest that XA and 4HD suppress endothelium senescence throughthe reduction of ROS level by catalase and through the deacetylation of p53 by Sirt1 althoughfurther investigation is necessary.
The present report is the first to show the suppression of endothelium senescence byAshitaba components. We believe that the present study will provide a new insight into the
suppression of senescence by food.

35

Abstracts
for Poster Session

Contributors
 Doctor course
Amira CHERIF
Molecular Characterization of Phylogenetic Relationships between Three Mayetiola
Mayetiola
Species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) ···························································· 45
Xiaohong HU
Optimization of H2 and O2 Generation in Water-splitting Process by
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Photocatalyst under Solar Light ······························· 46
Md. Monjurul ISLAM
Suitability Mapping for Crop Production Sites Using GIS and Multicriteria
Analysis ·························································································· 47
Md Zohurul ISLAM
Physical Properties and Stability of Vacuum Spray Dried Micro Wet Milled Orange
Juice with Pulp Powder ········································································ 48
Dheni M. MALA
Indirect Method for Microbial Growth Prediction on Meat by Fluorescence
Fingerprint ······················································································· 49
Nazia MUHSIN
GIS-based MCA Modeling to Asses Agriculture Land Use Changes in Bangladesh-Locating Suitable Sites for Industries- ······················································ 50
Muhammad Ansori NASUTION
Preliminary Design and Optimization Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process ofMicro-Algae Pure Material Model for Bio-oil Production ································ 51
Sri Imriani PULUNGAN
Characterization of the Curly
Curly Leaf
Leaf Tomato Mutant and its Role in Leaf
Morphogenesis ·················································································· 52
Riska Ayu PURNAMASARI
Assessments of Cassava Production Using MODIS Satellite Remote Sensing and
GIS ······························································································· 53
Mishma S. STANISLAUS
Photocatalysis as a Novel Pretreatment Method of Microalgal Biomass for Enhanced
Biohydrogen Production ······································································· 54
Fu Hsuan TSAI
Optimization of Liquid-core Hydrogel Bead Loaded with Functional Compounds ofRadish By-products by Reverse Spherification ············································· 55

39

Dhani S. WIBAWA
Dynamic Material and Energy Flow of Algae Oil Production ···························· 56
Yohei YAMANAKA
Formulation of W/O/W Emulsions Coated by Dietary Fibers Using Layer-by-Layer
Deposition ······················································································· 57
Yan ZHANG
Development of an Autonomous Rescue System for Agricultural Machinery Operators
Using Machine Vision ········································································· 58
Qi ZHU
Enhancement of P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Solar-light-driven Photocatalyst byHydrothermal Method ········································································· 59

 Master course
Haidar Rafid AZISFormulation of Algal Seed Coatings as Potential Growth Stimulator ··················· 60
Zetao DONG
Synthesization of PEG Modified P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Photocatalyst ············ 61
Jing DU
Feasibility Study of Developing Motor Powered Tractor, Based on Basic PhysicalRationality ······················································································· 62
Wuren hasi FNU
Dihydroxyacetone (dha) Production by Acetic Acid Bacteria and Improvement of
DHA and EPA Concentration for Euglena to Substrate Using Dihydroxyacetone ···· 63
Haoyuan GAOStudy on Mitigating Ammonia Inhibition of Anaerobic Digestion with Intermittent
Illumination under Mesophilic Condition ··················································· 64
Risa HARA
Discriminant Analysis based on Lycopene Content of Intact Tomatoes by PeakOccurrence in Raman Spectra ································································ 65
Mizuki INABA
Effect of Large-Scale Fertilization of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Grassland
Productivity and Total Phosphorus Content in Plant in Inner Mongolia, China ······· 66
Hana ISHIZAKI
Preventive Effect of Jerusalem Artichoke on Heat-induced Infertility ·················· 67
Mizuho KONDOU
Possible Mechanisms for Functional Maturation of Mammalian Sperm during
Epididymal Transit ············································································· 68

40

Ghaibulna ABDOL LAJIS
Detection of Basal Stem Rot (BSR) Disease of Oil Palm Using Thermal Image
Acquisition Sensor ············································································· 69
Grace R. LARA
Acidic Treatment of Fresh Cut Lotus Root (Nelumbo nucifera) for Enhancing Quality
Parameters During Storage ···································································· 70
Meitong LI
Effects of Adding Enzymes in the Process of Dry Aging with Dry Aging Bag in
Beef ······························································································· 71
Na LIU
Effects of Experiment Conditions on the Inactivation of Escherichia coli Using
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Photocatalyst under LED Irradiation ························· 72
Qiansu MA
Preparation of Ag-based Bi2WO6 Thin Film on Glass Substrate with Enhanced
Photocatalytic Activity for Decomposition of Organic Dye ······························ 73
Siti Dian MARDIYANIPaper or Tablet? - Media Effect on Visual Awareness Performance of Elementary
Schoolers ························································································ 74
Nobuyuki MATSUNAMI
Process Development for Effective Lipid Extraction from Microalgae (Chlorella
vulgaris) by Micro Wet Milling ······························································ 75
Kasumi MATSUO
Evaluation of Energy Efficiency of Batch Type Hydrothermal Liquefaction for
Indigenous Microalgae Lipid Extraction ···················································· 76
Rubaiya Binte MOSTAFIZYield Gap Analysis of Rice Production Using MODIS Satellite Time Series
Vegetation Datasets and GIS ·································································· 77
Ryo NOGUCHI
Effects of Coating Methods of Palm Oil on Dissolution Rate of Urea in vitro ········· 78
Julius NWEZE
Isolation and Evaluation of Xylose-Fermenting Thermotolerant Yeasts for Bioethanol
Production ······················································································· 79
Sumika OGO
Fungal Species and N Sources Affect on Accumulation of Cesium, Rubidium, andPotassium by Fungi ············································································ 80
Yuki SAITO
Characteristics of Lactic Acid Fermentation in Soy Milk Mixed with Brown Rice ··· 81

41

Shoichiro SUZUKI
Effects of Feeding Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) on Somatic Cell Count in Milk, Milk
Yield and Body Weight of Dairy Cattle under Heat Stress ······························· 82
Saki TANIGUCHICharacteristics of Dry Matter Yields and Chemical Composition in Ratoons of Three
NERICA (New Rice for Africa) Cultivars ·················································· 83
Ai USHIYAMA
Improvement in Fertilizing Ability of Chicken Sperm Incorporarated with Sterols after
Cryopreservation ··············································································· 84
Michael WAMBUADevelopment of a Sweet Potato Lacto Juice ················································ 85
Youmei WANG
The Processing of Mulberry Powder by Use of Micro Wet Milling System and Spray
Drying Technology ············································································· 86
Sakkrapong WANNAWATTANA
Spray Drying of Tomato Fruit Towards the Production of an Edible Vaccine Against
Influenza ························································································· 87
Atsushi YAMAGUCHI
Investigation of Interparticle Force between Silica Particles Covered with Lysozymes
by Yield Stress Measurement ································································· 88
Mitsuki YAMAUCHI
Gene Polymorphism in Buckwheat Major Allergen, Fag e 2 ····························· 89
Abdullah YOUSUFIEffects of 1-MCP Treatment on Fuji Apple in 10 Degree Celsius ······················· 90
Wang YUXIN
Formulation and Characterization of Highly-concentrated Maslinic Acid
Nanodispersions Stabilized by Different Homogenization Pressures ···················· 91
Nan ZHANG
Semi-continuous Anaerobic Digestion with Ammonia-rich Substrate underIntermittent Illumination Condition ·························································· 92
Chenyu ZHAO
Optimization of the Fixed-bed Reactor by Identifying the Optimal Bedding Material
and Substrate Concentration ·································································· 9342 Undergraduate course
Takanori HIRANUMA
Development of a Novel Zeolite Absorbent Modified by Shell to Improve Methane
Production ······················································································· 94
Yuto ISHIZUMI
Search of Effective Wavelength to Measure Ethanol in Strawberry by Non-destructive
Method Using NIR and MIR Spectroscopy ················································· 95
Yukino ITO
Analysis of Frozen Food in Melting Process Using NIR Spectroscopy ·················96················· 96
Kazuma IWAI
Effect of Combustion Condition on the Amount of Eluted Soluble Silica in Rice Husk
Charcoal ························································································· 97
Sota MATSUMOTO
Formulation and Characterization of Oil-in-water Emulsions Stabilized by Different
Types of Carrageenan ·········································································· 98
Takahiro MITSUI
Effect of Plant Hormones on Spikelet Sterility of Rice at High Temperatures ········· 99
Daichi NAGAI
Comparing the Water Splitting Efficiency by Using Different Temperature of
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Photocatalytic Composite under Solar Light ············· 100
Asuka NAKANODevelopment and Characterization of Gluten-free Bread by Rice Gel and Rice
Milk ···························································································· 101
Kai SAKURAI
Diffusion Simulation of Free Silicic Acid from the Rice Husk Combustion
Furnace ························································································· 102
Rei TAKAHASHI
Effects of Protein Addition on Lactic Acid Fermentation of Rice Milk ··············· 103
Eri TAKAI
Evaluation of Wet Aging Effects on Breaking Strength, Water Holding Capacity andFlavor Component of Beef from Three Parts ············································· 104
Masato TANAKA
Non-Destructive Analysis of Lutein in Spinach Using Raman Spectroscopy ········ 105

43

Molecular Characterization of Phylogenetic Relationships between Three
Mayetiola Species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Amira CHERIF1,2,3, Jouda MEDIOUNI BEN JEMÂA3 and DeMar TAYLOR1
1

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
3
Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, National Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
2

Cereal midges are considered as the most destructive pests of wheat, barley and oat in most
cereal areas of the world. These insects cause significant economic losses to cereals
sometimes leading to destruction of an entire crop.
Some species from the genus Mayetiola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) have been observed in themain cereal culture areas in Tunisia. Two of these species have been identified andinvestigated: Mayetiola destructor that mainly attacks wheat and can infest barley too, andMayetiola hordei that attacks barley. A third species of midges has been observed in oat:
Mayetiola avenae. Despite, the last species having similar importance to the above two
species in terms of frequency, abundance and damage; M. avenae has not been studied and is
not well documented in Tunisia. Some researchers report that oat is colonized by the two first
species of midges, and no other species of Mayetiola can be detected. Therefore, a method toeasily separate the species at any stage of development is needed to clarify the occurrences ofthese midge species.
This study aimed to first distinguish between the three species of midges by a molecularcharacterization and second to reveal phylogenetic relationships within and between these
species of Mayetiola collected from 5 different regions of northern Tunisia. To achieve these
purposes, a region of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA,
commonly used to reveal genetic diversity between gall midges, was amplified by polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. A set of 75 individuals, 5 from each species, was usedfor DNA analysis. Three pairs of primers were tested for the amplification. Only one pair ofprimers allowed us to distinguish between the different species. The phylogenetic tree createdusing the different sequences of DNA, clearly showed significant separation of the threedifferent species into dissimilar clades. Each clade contained only specimens from the same
species. No phylogenetic differences were detected between samples of the same species
collected from different locations. Our results indicate this area of the COI gene can be used
as a marker to reveal genetic diversity between species of Mayetiola.

Key Words: Mayetiola, COI gene, PCR, DNA analysis, Phylogenetic tree

45

Optimization of H2 and O2 Generation in Water-splitting Process by
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Photocatalyst under Solar Light
Xiaohong HU1, Hangxing SHEN1, Qi ZHU1 and Yingnan YANG2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Overall water-splitting using solar energy has received enormous remark as productionof renewable hydrogen from water on a large scale. Photocatalytic water-splitting bysemiconductors has been researched widely since 1970’s. In our previous study,
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 was prepared by a reproducible method, and showed highphotocatalytic efficiency for Rhodamine B (Rh B) degradation due to its strong absorption bandin visible-light region and high separation efficiency of photo excited electron-hole pairs.
Therefore, in order to identify the possibility of water splitting by P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2
powder under simulated solar irradiation, the accumulated amount of oxygen and hydrogen
evolution from Rh B and methanol solution was investigated under different conditions.
The results showed that generation of oxygen by P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 wasconfirmed using gas collected system. For generating O2, Rh B solution showed better
performance than pure water. And the overall water-splitting process has been achieved bymethanol solution. Using the mixture of Rh B and methanol solution, the highest accumulated
gas was achieved when methanol percentage was 20%, Rh B concentration was 1 ppm and the
dosage of P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 powder was 0.1g/L. Therefore, P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2
photocatalyst could be the candidate for photocatalytic water splitting.

46

Suitability Mapping for Crop Production Sites Using GIS and Multicriteria
Analysis
Md. Monjurul ISLAM1, Tofael AHAMED2 and Ryozo NOGUCHI2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Food security is not just an economic problem but also a social and political issue in as much as foodinsecurity is a factor to create political instability in the country. Ensuring food security for all is one of
the major challenges that Bangladesh faces today. Despite significant achievements in food grain
production and food availability, food security at national, household and individual levels remains amatter of major concern of the Government.
Bangladesh has made significant progress in increasing domestic production of food grains. Adequate
food availability however was not a sufficient condition for ensuring national food security. Around
21% of the population is considered food insecure. Crop yield gap is regarded as one of the greatest
challenge for the northern part of Bangladesh. Yield gaps exist in different crops ranging 20% to 60%
in Bangladesh. According to the recent study, the yield gap in rice was estimated at 1.74 t/ha. The
existence of yield gaps was observed not only in rice but also in mustard, wheat and maize. Therefore,
the aim of the study was to estimate the yield gap of major field crops, identify the yield gap areas andfinally, propose the most suitable areas for crop production in the central of northern part. Land
suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of the available land resources.
Lack of knowledge on best combination of factors that suit production of rice has contributed to the low
production. To fulfil the research objective, a multi-criteria analysis was done and produced a suitablemap for crop production with the help of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytical
Hierarchy Process (AHP). Primary and secondary data were collected from ground truth informationand sub-districts offices and MODIS satellite databases of vegetation indices provided by USGS. The
suitable sites were identified using spatial analysis and compared with the recent raster image from
Google Earth Pro® to validate the reliability of suitability analysis. The suitability levels for each factor
were ranked based on the structure of FAO land suitability classification as: Not Suitable(N), Marginal
Suitable (S4), Moderately Suitable (S3), Suitable (S2) and Very Suitable(S1).
An AHP Process was used to rank the various suitability factors and the resulting weights were used toconstruct the suitability map layers using weighted sum overlay tool in ArcGIS 10.3® platforms. Then,the suitability map for crop production in the study area was formed. Accordingly, 4.1% (5194 ha) ofstudy area was highly suitable, while 24.3% (58757 ha) was suitable, 43.4% (104941 ha) was
moderately suitable and 4.2% (10156 ha) was marginally suitable for rice production. On the other
hand, 24% (58032 ha) was not suitable which occupied with river, water body, forest and settlement.
This result will help to most suitable fields to practice rice production, thus the yield gap will decline
and food security ensure to the greater extend. This research provided information at local level that
could be used by farmers to select cropping patterns and land suitability for different field crops.
Keywords: Land Suitability, Spatial Analysis, GIS, AHP, MODIS Vegetation Indices
47

Physical Properties and Stability of Vacuum Spray Dried Micro Wet Milled
Orange Juice with Pulp Powder
Md Zohurul ISLAM1, Yutaka KITAMURA2, and Mito KOKAWA2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, JapanThe aim of this study was to produce concentrated orange juice powders by theapplication of two new techniques, namely Micro-Wet Milling (MWM) and Vacuum spraydrying (VSD) process. MWM of orange juice with pulp made the particle sizes smaller (4050µm) which increased the nutritional content and antioxidant potential of the concentrated
juice. VSD process was conducted at low temperature (40-60�) drying powderization ofconcentrated juice using superheated steam (200°C) as a heating medium and maltodextrin(10DE) as a carrier. The effects of VSD on physical properties of MWM orange juice with four
different weight ratios of juice solids to maltodextrin solids; 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70 were
investigated. The obtained powders were analyzed for moisture content, water activity��� �,bulk density, hygroscopicity, and particle size and distributions. The solubility and degree ofcaking showed better quality with the increasing of maltodextrin solids, whereas color
parameters showed opposite trends. Among all powders, ratio of 30:70 showed the maximum
glass transition temperature ��� � (82.25±1.13 �� . The VSD showed satisfactory cyclone
recovery of powders, ranging from 58.76 to 66.78% and highest total recovery is about 82%
obtained from OJ/MD 30:70 powder. Ascorbic acid, total polyphenol, total flavonoid andantioxidant activity of the VSD MWM orange juice and powders was measured before and after
drying. The VSD powders retained a higher amount of ascorbic acid, total phenolic content(TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) than conventional spray drying.
In order to find the critical storage conditions for stability of VSD MWM orange juice
powders, sorption isotherm (GAB) model, and glass transition temperature (Tg, �� (Gordon
Taylor model and Khalloufi model) data were plotted as a function of water activity andmoisture content, which were obtained considering the ambient temperature of 25�. The
critical water content and/or water activity are the value at which the glass transition
temperature is equal to the ambient temperature and when the temperature is higher than glasstransition temperature, the quality of foodstuffs seriously altered. Sorption isotherm of VSD
orange juice powders followed type III (J-shape) behavior, typical of sugar-rich products and
VSD orange powders showed monolayer moisture content in the ranges between 0.04-0.09
gH� O/g dry solid. The critical water activities of all the powders varied from 0.61 to 0.52 andmoisture content from 0.11 to 0.08 g/g of dry solid. VSD powder produced with higher juice
solids are susceptible to deterioration, due to its lower critical water activity as well as moisture
content. When OJ/MD (60:40) powders stored at a relative humidity higher than 52% (at 25�)or at a higher temperature (at a� = 0.52), the powder will suffer physical transformations suchas collapse, stickiness and caking. We conclude that the combination of MWM and VSD
showed a great potential in the food industry for the production of fruit juice powders and results
generated provide valuable information for predicting the stability and suitable storage
conditions of VSD MWM orange juice powders.
Keywords: Orange Juice powder, Glass Transition Temperature, Micro Wet Milling, Critical
Water activity and Water content

48

Indirect Method for Microbial Growth Prediction on Meat by Fluorescence
Fingerprint
Dheni M. MALA1,3*，Mizuki TSUTA2, Susumu KAWASAKI2, Masatoshi
YOSHIMURA2，Mito KOKAWA2, Ryoko AIYAMA2, Junichi SUGIYAMA2, Yutaka
KITAMURA1
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
National Food Research Institute (NFRI), NARO
3
Center for Agro-based Industry, Ministry of Industry of Indonesia
2

Fluorescence spectroscopy has high sensitivity and selectivity to detect the trace offluorophores components on food matrix. The fluorescence fingerprint (FF) is a set offluorescence spectra acquired at consecutive excitation wavelengths. FF has been used as a nondestructive technique for both qualitative and quantitative measurement.
Our previous research shows an appropriate Aerobic Plate Count (APC) prediction wasachieved by FF coupled with fiber optics for beef samples. Partial Least Square Regression(PLSR) validation model for the system shows high prediction with R2val and RMSEP of 0.813
and 0.881 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Variable importance of projection (VIP) comes fromseveral wavelength regions related to three kind of intrinsic fluorophores (Tryptophan,
NAD(P)H , Porphyrins, and Flavin).
However, wide variety of beef surface such as rough contour or an adipose tissue part affect
the FF signals significantly. Thus, an exact fluorophores change on the beef surfaces is still
unclear. In this study, we propose a novel indirect method for microbial growth based on themetabolism or fluorophores trace collected by swabbing the beef surface.
Meat samples (beef and pork) were purchased from a local store. Samples were stored in an
incubator at 15 °C and analyzed until 72 hours of storage. The surface of the meat were wipedwith a sterile swab. After swabbing, the cotton swab were dilute with a buffer solution. Buffer
solutions were used for obtaining microbial load data. FF as explanation variable were obtainedby fluorescence spectrophotometer F7000 (Hitachi-High-Technologies, Japan). The FF dataobtained after the buffer solution filtered using 0.45 µm and 0.22 µm in order to separate
bacterial cell and beef residues. The PLS regression model was developed to estimates anaerobic plate count (APC) from FF.
The PLSR to predict APC on the surface of meat from FF has a R2 and RMSECV of 0.88
and 0.5 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Validation of PLSR model shows the model is robust withRMSEP 0.52 CFU/cm2. Microbial load prediction of beef and pork has a different VIP.
However, all of the intrinsic fluorophore show a high VIP score, which mean the bacterial
growth highly related to fluorophores metabolism.
The microbial growth were not only the multiplication of bacterial cells but also nutrient
consumption and metabolites excretions. This results shows FF had an ability to explain the
microbial growth with the change of metabolites.

49

GIS-based MCA Modeling to Asses Agriculture Land Use Changes in
Bangladesh -Locating Suitable Sites for IndustriesNazia MUHSIN1, Tofael AHAMED2, Ryozo NOGUCHI2, Tomohiro TAKIGAWA2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Land use changes have significant impacts on sustainability of food security, ecologicalbalance and environmental protections in the developing countries. Bangladesh, holding the10th position for the population density in the world (1033.5/km2), facing the same challenges
with limited arable land resources. Studies referred that the agricultural land of Bangladesh isdecreasing. The Rio + 20: National Report on Sustainable Development also mentioned that
Bangladesh is losing 1% of agricultural land every year for non-agricultural purposes [1]. The
loss of agricultural land and increasing land area for urbanization and industrialization
certainly indicates unsustainable land use practice. The industries are expanding from the city
areas to suburb areas occupying agricultural lands resulting a major challenge for foodproduction in the long run. Due to the lack of availability of land, NSAPR II’s (National
Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction II) emphasized on efficient land markets anddeveloping modern economic zones for better land use management and to achieveenvironmentally and socially compliant industrialization [2]. Thus, there is a need forsearching land sites for economic zones to expand industries.
The aim of this study is to find out the land use changes over a time period in a suburb areathat have the potentials of industrial growth over a time period. To emphases on both
agriculture and industries for a sustainable growth, the study also assessed potential locations
and further growth of industries by land suitability analysis (LSA). Geographical Information
System (GIS) based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was used for the LSA to find out compact
lands suitable for economic zone of industries. In addition, to emphasis on expert’s opinion
for the decision making process of LSA, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used as amulti-criteria technique. The study found, the densely located industrial areas had loss morethan 10% of agricultural lands in last two decades. Further, LSA for expanding industries
found only 5% of land was most suitable for industrial sites whereas only one compact land of
150 ha was suggested for industrial zone.
Keywords: LSA (Land suitability Analysis), GIS (Geographic Information System), MCA(Multi-criteria Analysis), AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process).
References[1] Bangladesh Ministry of Environment and Forests, (2012). Bangladesh Rio + 20: National
Report on Sustainable Development, May 2012.
[2] Planning Commission (2009). Steps Towards Change-National Strategy for Accelerated
Poverty Reduction II (Revised). FY 2009-11. Government Peoples Republic ofBangladesh, Dhaka.

50

Preliminary Design and Optimization Hydrothermal Liquefaction Processof Micro-Algae Pure Material Model for Bio-oil Production
Muhammad Ansori NASUTION1,2, Ryozo NOGUCHI1, Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA1and Sosaku ICHIKAWA1
1
2

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, university of Tsukuba, 305-8577 Japan
Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI), Jalan Brigjend Katamso 51, Kp. Baru, P.O.
Box 1103, 20158 Medan, Indonesia

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is one of some technology to produce bio-oil frombiomass. HTL familiar to generate bio-oil from microalgae. HTL technology also known thatit can be directly converted wet algal biomass to bio-oil, moreover avoiding the energy
consumption for dewatering and drying. Major components of microalgae are lipid, protein
and carbohydrate. Percentage components of microalgae is different for different type of
microalgae. Each component has different condition when converting into bio-oil or other
HTL product. Some microalgae have highest of lipid content or highest of protein or
carbohydrate. Condition process of HTL technology known around 200-350°C, 5-15 MPa,
and 10-50 min reaction time. Therefore, our studies focus on to obtain optimum HTL process
condition of pure material model that were consists of microalgae component. The end ofstudies, we obtain the process design or mechanism for HTL according optimum conversion
condition of each microalgae pure components to generate bio-crude.
In this research, only corn starch reported as a pure material of hydrocarbon model withtotal solid 20%. However, for lipid and protein pure material model, cooking oil and aminoacid used respectively. Stainless steel high pressure reactor with volume 500 ml was used bybatch process system. Temperature variation was setting at 150, 180, 200 and 250 OC.
Holding time reaction was as another variation of research at 10, 20 and 30 minutes during
HTL process. Distribution of mass balance, pH changing and total organic carbon (TOC) was
performed to analyzed product, also existence of bio-crude in product was analyzed by thinklayer chromatograph (TLC). The results showed that HTL reaction at 150 0C was not occurred
due to the sample still on gel form or no liquid phase on product. HTL reaction was startoccurred at 180 0C. Mass percentage of soluble solid at 250 0C was lower than 200 0C but
insoluble solid at 250 0C was higher than 200 0C. In the other hand, mass of insoluble solidincreasing in line with increasing the temperature. This phenomenon was commensurate withcarbonization process that occur at 220 0C. Generally, those result showed that pH of result
was decreasing from around 5.2 to 2.2-2.4. According to TLC analyze, there was bio-crude
yielded after HTL process with maximum amount 43,48% of bio-crude at 250 0C and holding
time 10 minutes, which 36.81% bio-crude came from soluble solid and 6.67 % came from
insoluble solid. At this condition, also lowest TOC was performed. Bio-crude that has been
formed changing to gases fraction or smaller molecule if the temperature continued increasing.
From the results obtained, HTL with rich carbohydrate as feed stock is most suited to process
at low holding time reaction and temperature between 200-250 0C.

51

Characterization of the Curly Leaf Tomato Mutant and its Role in Leaf
Morphogenesis
Sri Imriani PULUNGAN1, Tohru ARIIZUMI1, and Hiroshi EZURA2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important crop in either tropical orin temperate region. It belongs to Solanaceae family that contains a large number of important
crops consumed by human beings. It is also considered as one of the main sources of nutrition
to support our health. Furthermore, tomato has been selected as a model plant for genomic
studies in the Solanaceae family. Recently, as a model plant, research in tomato has received
much interest including organ and fruit development researches.
It has been known that formation of a normal leaf is a complex process that involves theinitiation and differentiation of leaf primordia from the shoot apical meristem (SAM),
specification of leaf identity, the establishment of leaf polarity, the control of cell division andexpansion, and vascular pattern formation. The rates of division and elongation of cells at eachstage is known to govern the final shape of plant and throughout leaf development. Most
leaves are dorsoventrally (upper to bottom) flattened and develop clearly upper (adaxial) andbottom (abaxial) surface. Coordination of polarity, cell division, and auxin response is criticalfor morphogenesis of normal leaves and the success of plant architecture. Any imbalance of
these developmental processes results in altered leaf shapes such as curly, crinkly, twisted,
rolled, or shrunken leaves. The division of abaxial and adaxial is also the key of growth of thelamina. However, how the polarity is maintained remains unclear.
We are characterizing six lines of curly leaf (curl) tomato mutant which are
dorsoventrally impaired of leaf flatness, exhibiting severe upward bend on transverse axis.
The objectives of this study are (1) to characterize morphology, hormone, and cytology of thecurl mutants, (2) to investigate the responsible gene controlling the mutant phenotype and tocharacterize its function in leaf morphogenesis. Segregation analysis and allelism test had
proved that occurred mutation was monogenic recessive and all mutants were allelic. Mapbased cloning had demonstrated that mutation is located in short arm of chromosome 9. The
curl produced impaired leaf curvature, along transverse axis with high extent. By contrast,
longitudinal axis remained flat. The upward curvature was initiated from the tip of leaf,
followed by the middle and the basal area. In the mature leaves, all leaf had turned to curve, thehighest extent was observed in the middle of leaves. In addition, the curl mutants showednarrower leaf and shorter petiole. What is gene mutated, cell division, adaxial-abaxial polarity,
and auxin response will be investigated to dissect the complicated process of leaf
morphogenesis of the curl mutants.

52

Assessments of Cassava Production Using MODIS Satellite
Remote Sensing and GIS
Riska Ayu PURNAMASARI1, Tofael AHAMED2 and Ryozo NOGUCHI2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba

Sustainable cassava production is essential for local food development to support foodsecurity in Indonesia. Spatial issues and geographic information on areas suitable for cassava
production constitute barriers for developing sustainable cassava production. In this study, aspatial model was developed to assess land suited to support sustainable cassava production.
The model was divided into three stages. First, the satellite data on suitability criteria fromSRTM digital images were processed, and vector data layers were used as the topography
database and MODIS 250 m as the NDVI and LAI databases for Banten Province ofIndonesia. Other criteria used accounted for land cover types, rainfall levels, distances fromrivers, soil types and distances from roads. Next, a spatial analysis for identifying the mostsuitable sites for cassava development was conducted through an analysis involving
Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods.
Third, a sustainability assessment was conducted from the resulting 4 classification categories
according to the land suitability and time series. A suitable map for cassava production from aweighted overlay was developed, which found that 35.19% of the study area (9226 ha) was
highly suitable for cassava production while 18.81% (4932 ha) was moderately suitable and25.86% (6776 ha) was marginally suitable. On the other hand, 20.16% (5285 ha) of the land
was occupied by settlements. Furthermore, we developed a multiple regression model topredict cassava yield using vegetation indices and LAI information for 250 m of spatial
resolution of MODIS Terra data sets for the growing seasons of cassava.
Keywords: AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), Cassava, GIS (Geographic Information
System), Suitability, Sustainability.

53

Photocatalysis as a Novel Pretreatment Method of Microalgal Biomass forEnhanced Biohydrogen Production
Mishma Silvia STANISLAUS1, Nan ZHANG1,
Chenyu ZHAO1, Zhu QI1 and Yingnan YANG2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Biohydrogen being a clean energy has drawn worldwide attention and researches have been
carried out to make it a sustainable energy for the future. Biohydrogen from biomass has drawn
particular interest due to its eco-friendly and cost effective nature. However, pretreatment andavailability of biomass are a few constraints. Therefore, in this research we used Chlorella
vulgaris as microalgal biomass, as it can be easily cultivated and does not interfere with foodsecurity. However, its cell walls are difficult to degrade and in order to overcome this problem
we employed the photocatalytic pretreatment for the first time. Thermal, acid, alkali andultrasonic pretreatment methods have been investigated as pretreatment methods of microalgae,
but all of them are energy intensive processes. Therefore, in this research we propose to use a
newly developed photocatalyst material (P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2) with high stability forphotocatalytic pretreatment of microalgal biomass, for enhanced hydrogen production
The P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst was coated on glass tubes which formed acyclic system. The materials were passed through the system for photocatalytic degradation
under simulated solar light (30-35 W/m2). On treating Chlorella vulgaris biomass the protein
concentration increased to 4.5 times in 72 hr. The release of carbohydrate and proteins from themicroalgae and cell wall destruction indicated the efficiency of photocatalytic pretreatment.
Also, the SEM images showed a clear destruction of the microalgal cell wall.
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst was successful in degrading the cell wall of algae
releasing the components into the solution. Also, on subjecting the photocatalytic pretreatedalgae to fermentation generated higher hydrogen than the algae with no pretreatment.
Conclusively, P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst can serve as an appropriate material forphotocatalytic pretreatment of biomass like Chlorella. Furthermore, photocatalysis can be used
as a cost effective pretreatment method for practical application.

54

Optimization of Liquid-core Hydrogel Bead Loaded with Functional
Compounds of Radish By-products by Reverse Spherification
F. H. TSAI1, Yutaka KITAMURA2 and Mito KOKAWA2
1Division of Appropriate Technology and Sciences for Sustainable Development, Universityof Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Liquid-core hydrogel bead (LHB) processing is one of the encapsulations which has beenused to protect the adjustment for the controlled-release ability of the core material. In this study,
we used alginate as wall material, calcium lactate as the gelling agent, and radish by-products
juice as a core material. A difference from basic spherification is utilizing alginate adding into
calcium solution. Reverse spherification (RVS) is a method which suspends calcium source inalginate solution. Furthermore, comparing to the basic spherification, the versatility of theingredients may be manipulated using the RVS. Currently, residues of radish, i.e., the leaf andthe stem, are disposed of as waste during harvesting and processing create significant foodwaste for producers; however, these residues are edible and contain abundant dietary fiber,
phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids. Reusing of the by-products of radish as new naturaland functional ingredients is not only cutting the waste production but also upgrading radish toa higher value.
The objective of this work was to process LHB by RVS with calcium lactate (CL) in orderto determine its potential as a gelling agent. The effects of the first gelation time (X1), CL
concentration in the first gelation (X2), the secondary gelation time (X3), and the CLconcentration in secondary gelation (X4) on hardness (Y1, N), loading efficiency (LE, Y2, %),release amount of TP in stimulated stomach fluid (SGF) (Y3, %) and stimulated intestinal fluid(SIF) (Y4, %), swelling capacity (SC, Y5, %), and sphericity (Y6) were evaluated. The results
were optimized by response surface methodology with a central composite design.
Optimized LHB was prepared by using 0.13M CL, gelling for 23.99 min during firstgelation, followed by 0.058 M CL, and gelling for 6.04 min during secondary gelation. The
optimized formulation demonstrated maximum of hardness (25.5 N) and loading efficiency(85.67 %), and a minimum of polyphenol release (27.38%) in SGF. The data of response(dependent) variables were analyzed by the analysis of the variance (ANOVA) of the statisticalanalysis system (SAS), and fitted to a second-order polynomial equation. R2 of equations wereover 0.88. Furthermore, the lack of fitting of Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 had no significant difference.
X1 greatly affected LE and sphericity, X2 affected TP release in SGF and SIF, and X4 affected
hardness and SC. The results provided the optimized condition of preparing LHB by RVS.

55

Dynamic Material and Energy Flow of Algae Oil Production
Dhani S. WIBAWA1, Muhammad A. NASUTION1, Ryozo NOGUCHI2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

2

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Energy security is an important factor for every country. Countries in the world dependon energy to fuel its activities, such as transportation, public service, telecommunication, andeven for daily activities. A threat to energy security will affect the stability of a country. The
issue of fossil fuel depletion and the increasing demand for energy raise concern regarding
energy security. As the response, bioenergy is being developed as an alternative to fossil fuel.
There are lots of previous research that calculate mass balance and/or LCA but they areusually using specific technology. This research develops a framework for dynamic material
and energy flow in algae oil production. Algae oil production has several methodologies
combination and this research will allow user to calculate potential value of the system chosen.
This tool will help user outlining their preferred system and obtaining initial estimation ofmaterial and energy flow of the chosen pathway.
This research will include the cultivation, harvesting and extraction process based onpilot plant scale microalgae cultivation from University of Tsukuba. This research will notinclude the transportation from supplier to the site, only the usage from the site will becalculated.
This tool covers the microalgae oil system from cultivation, harvesting, extraction, until
its conversion. Each stage consists of processes and each process will have their own processes.
This modular design of the framework will help researcher to have rapid assessment of theentire system and while also provided flexibility on its design. In this study, cultivation need
2.06 MJ of energy per day and the harvesting process need 11.94 MJ of energy per day while
the extraction process need 5.26 MJ of energy per day. The total energy demand is 19.26 MJ
while the energy provided by the algae oil is 34.23 MJ thus we get the energy profit ratio (EPR)
of 1.77.

56

Formulation of W/O/W Emulsions Coated by Dietary Fibers
Using Layer-by-Layer Deposition
Yohei YAMANAKA1,2, Isao KOBAYASHI1, Marcos A. NEVES1,3, Sosaku ICHIKAWA1,3,
Kunihiko UEMURA1 and Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA1,3
1

Food Engineering Division, Food Research Institute, NARO, Japan
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
2

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is an important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells.
SCFA prevents colon carcinogenesis and helps maintain the colonic environment. Large
intestine utilizes SCFA that were produced in proximal colon as its energy source.
Accordingly, delivering SCFA directly to the large intestine effectively improves the enteralenvironment. The water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W emulsion is a potential carrier of SCFA to thelarge intestine, whereas the oil phase of W/O/W emulsion is digested by lipase in the stomachand small intestine. Therefore, it is necessary to improve stability of these W/O/W emulsions
in the gastrointestinal tract.
In this study we prepared W/O/W emulsions loaded with SCFA, and attempted to improvetheir stability using layer-by-layer deposition of dietary fibers.
The water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion consisted of an inner water phase containing 5 wt%
butyric acid and soybean oil phase containing a hydrophobic emulsifier. The weight fractionof the inner water phase was 5 wt%. W/O emulsions with a Sauter mean droplet diameter(d3,2) of 0.4 μm were prepared using high-pressure homogenization. The W/O/W emulsion
consisted of W/O emulsion dispersed in an outer water phase containing 0.5 wt% modiﬁed
lecithin, and the weight fraction of the W/O phase was 20 wt%. The W/O phase was dispersedin the modiﬁed lecithin solution to prepare a W/O/W emulsion using rotor-stator
homogenization.
The d3,2 of the resultant W/O/W emulsion droplets was 16.9 μm, and their ζ-potential was-77.8 mV at pH 5. W/O/W emulsion droplets were coated alternately with chitosan (CHI) andcarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which is driven by electrostatic interaction. The ζ-potential
data indicated successful surface coating of the droplets. W/O/W emulsion droplets coatedwith dietary fibers were highly stable over 4 weeks. Our results demonstrated that W/O/W
emulsions loaded with SCFA could be better stabilized with layer-by-layer coating using
dietary fibers.

57

Development of an Autonomous Rescue System for Agricultural MachineryOperators Using Machine Vision
Yan ZHANG1, Gao PENGBO1 and Tofael AHAMED2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Safety of aged agricultural farmers is one of the challenges to maintain the productivity inJapanese and Asian agricultural scenario. We proposed a rescue system to ensure the safety offarmer while driving in farmland. The system was dived into two major units; first, the drivermonitoring system was required to recognize driver inattention status – distraction, fatigue.
An image capturing Kinect sensor was installed towards the driver to monitor the driver’s
action in dynamic and static state of a tractor.
In the rescue system, we detected the driver inattention by driver action reorganization due tooverwork and aging of farmers. We built a driver inattention action dataset, which consistedof seven driver action classes: blinking, look back, nodding, rubbing eye, look right or left,
calling by phone, and yawning.

The recognition of driver action was more than 90% in

dynamic and static state for the seven classes. The action recognition algorithm wasdeveloped using Hankel-based Kernel Mutual Subspace method. When the driver monitoring
system detected driver inattention, different countermeasures were proposed by taken to
maintain driving safety, depending on the types and levels of inattention. Three levels of
inattention and corresponding countermeasures were defined to evaluate the risks: first, risk
level 1, danger for inappropriate behaviors (e.g., look back, look right or left and tell phone),
to warn the driver that his behaviors easily cause danger; second, risk level 2, high danger(e.g., sleepy: blinking, nodding, rubbing eye and yawing), warn to driver and ask whether
need transform to autonomous parking system for a rest or call emergency center; and third,risk level 3, emergency conditions (e.g., pass out), transform to autonomous parking system toauto park the vehicle to a safety place and call rescue center.
Keywords: Rescue System, Drivers Action, Risk Levels, Emergency Countermeasure

58

Enhancement of P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Solar-light-driven Photocatalyst
by Hydrothermal Method
Qi ZHU1, Xiaohong HU1, Mishma Silvia STANISLAUS1, Yingnan YANG2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanDue to the rapid development of society and increasing demand, water security has becomea worldwide issue. Recently, TiO2 photocatalyst has attracted considerable interest for water
purification. However, some drawbacks still hinder the practical application of TiO2 forwastewater treatment: the fast recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, large band
gap energy and low utilization of visible light. Therefore, it is necessary for us to develop a
modified TiO2 photocatalyst for solving these problems.
According to our previous study, a novel P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst withrelatively high photocatalytic ability and remarkable stability was prepared by sol-gel method.
In this study, hydrothermal method was use for fabrication of P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2
photocatalyst to creat higher photocatalytic ability. The characteristics of the material wereanalyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectrophotometer and specific surface area
(BET). The photocatalytic activity of material was evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine B,a model recalcitrant of organic waste, under simulated solar light.
From the results, compared to the TiO2-based photocatalysts prepared by sol-gel method,hydrothermal synthesized material exhibited larger specific surface area and much higher
photocatalytic activity under solar light. And the XRD and UV-vis results also suggest that thematerial is much more suitable for photocatalytic reaction under solar light. Therefore, thehydrothermal synthesis could be an effective way for the development of highly efficient solarlight-driven photocatalysts for water purification.

59Formulation of Algal Seed Coatings as Potential Growth Stimulator
Haidar Rafid AZIS1, Nauman KHALID1,2, Makoto M. WATANABE1,2, Marcos A. NEVES1,
and Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA1,2
12

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Ever since Haber-Bosch process was invented, nitrogen-based fertilizer is growrapidly and contribute towards higher plant yield and biomass. However, successive use ofsynthetic fertilizers posed adverse on soil microenvironment and leading the soils towardsalinity and also effects the soil microbiota. The other adverse effect of synthetic fertilizers
includes deterioration of environmental parameters, which over all affects the sustainableagriculture development. It is necessary to find another alternative fertilizer that can be moreenvironmental friendly and cost-effective as well. Biofertilizers recently draw more attention
as potential alternative fertilizers over chemical fertilizers. There are several types of
biofertilizers like peat, dried leaves, different types of manures and the most emerging algal
based fertilizers.
Algae is recognized as one of the fast growing organism that can be used as
biofertilizer, since it is rich in nutrients and contains certain hormones such as cytokinin thatcan stimulate growth and induce germination. However, the information and discussion about
biofertilizers from particular microalgae is still limited Therefore, the present research was
carried out to gather more information about utilization of microalgae as biofertilizer ingeneral. The aim of this research is to find out the best formulation of microalgae as apotential growth simulator, particularly as coating material to crop seeds and soil pretreatment.
Concentrated of Poly-culture microalgae (CA) at 0.78% of suspended solid was usedin combination with gum arabic (GA) and bee wax (BW). Fourteen seeds of Brassica rapa L.
were soaked in coating solution overnight and then dried at 40oC in the convection oven
overnight. Five coating solutions were comprising, C1 (CA + 0.5% GA), C2 (CA + 0.5% BW),
C3 (CA + 0.5% GA + 0.5% BW), C4 (CA + 0.1% BW), and C5 (CA + 0.5% GA + 0.1% BW)
were used, while Milli-Q water served as control treatment (C). Percentage of germination
was observed and measured after 5 days of sowing. Another treatment includes sowing ofseeds directly to the pots. Plant growth, including average plant height, width and number ofleaves in each pot were measured after every 5 days. At the day 30, average shoot and root
length, and fresh and dry weight from all plants were observed and measured. After every twodays, about 5-10 mL of CA was sprayed to the soil then mixed prior the sowing as soil
pretreatment. Afterwards, 4 untreated seeds were sowed to the soil, and pot culture
experiments were performed using the same method as previously described. Results showedthat coated seeds gave better result, in comparison to the control. All coated seeds from 10 out
of 10 were germinated, while in case of untreated seeds only 8 were germinated. In addition,weight of sprout and length of sprout in C was 10.9 mg and 24.5 mm, respectively; in thesame case C3 gave the best result with 13.7 mg and 36.7 mm, respectively. Coated seeds
increased the rate of growth better than control. C2 treatment showed the best result among all
treatments in all parameters. Fresh weight of C2 at the day 30 was 210.0 mg, twice better thanC, which was only 101.3 mg. Similar increase was found in root length, which increased to76.5 mm in C3, while in C it was only 33.9 mm. Algae as soil pretreatment (SP) gave superior
results over untreated soil (Milli Q). The average height, width of leaves and fresh weight ofplant in SP treatment at the day 30 were 48.3 mm, 38.1 mm, and 217.4 mg, respectively,
while Milli-Q treated plants had only 28.5 mm, 19.8 mm and 101.3 mg, respectively. All
these results strongly indicate that algae has a beneficial effect to the growth of plant andgermination, either as seed coating solution or as pretreatment to the soil.
60

Synthesization of PEG Modified P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Photocatalyst
Zetao DONG1, Qi ZHU1, Xiaohong HU1 and Yingnan YANG2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is known as an important semiconductor for its distinguishedproperties such as high stability, non-toxicity, low cost and high photosensitivity. In spite of its
advantages, TiO2 could only be utilized under UV light in the solar spectrum. Recombinationof electron-hole pairs during organic degradation was considered as another main problem. In
order to overcome this problem, doping of different metal or nonmetal oxide semiconductor on
the surface of TiO2 could be a solution. This can shape new energy levels beyond the band gap
which could trap photogenerated electrons from conduction band, thus hindering therecombination of electron-hole pairs. In the previous research from our lab, a facile andreproducible method was utilized to prepare P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst by dopingwith different metal ions. However, its instability during photocatalytic reaction was a drawback.
Therefore, the stability of the material was investigated in this research.
Subsequently, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) a well-known polyether applied in chemical
manufacturing was employed in this research. PEG is one of the most commonly used materials
for oligomers because of its nontoxicity, high flexibility and hydrophilic nature, which could
be used as a pore forming binder, dispersant and structure-directing reagent.
Sol-gel method was utilized to synthesize the photocatalyst with different molecular weightof PEG (300, 2000, and 20000) and at different dosage (0, 1.0, 0.2 , 0.4, 1.0 and 1.2 g). The
characterization of the PEGm-P/Ag/AgsO/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalytic powders were carriedout by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence
spectroscopy (PL). In the aim of testing the stability, thin film experiments were designed bycoating the gel material on the inner surface of glass tubes. The calcination temperature,
calcination time and number of coating layers were investigated to optimize the coating
condition of PEGm-P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalytic thin film under simulated solar
light. Degradation of Rh B was used as one of the important index of evaluation ofphotocatalytic performance.
It is indicated that PEG2000 was the optimum molecular weight for improving thephotocatalytic performance of P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 under simulated solar light. The
optimum dosage of PEG2000 was 1.0 g. And coating PEGm-P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 gel inglass tubes displayed more stability than without PEG. And the optimum condition fromcoating experiments of PEGm-P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 thin film were calcination temperatureof 350 Ԩ, calcination time of 2 h and 2 coating layers. During the recycling experiments, after
10 rounds of reuse, the degradation rate of Rh B was around 97% but materials without PEG
showed degradation rate of 80% for the same time.

61

Feasibility Study of Developing Motor Powered Tractor, Based on Basic
Physical Rationality
Jing DU1 and Ryozo NOGUCHI2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Reducing carbon emission was proven to be one of today’s major challenges for the
global industry development. Transportation sector contributes over 5 billion tons’ carbon
dioxide which about 20%(2 for the total carbon dioxide emission. To alleviate this situation, a
lot of low carbon emission energy resource powered vehicles such as BEV (battery electricvehicle), HEV (hybrid electric vehicle), PHV (plug-in hybrid vehicle) and FCV (fuel cellvehicle) have been invented. However, only few research about applying these newtechnologies on agricultural machinery have been done. Can we apply these technologies on
agricultural machineries is the main topic of my paper, and the feasibility is based on physicalrationality.
The difference of driving parts between conventional tractor and motor powered tractor
can be summarized into 3 parts: engine, energy storage medium and power drive. This study
tried to find out if the conventional tractor’s driving parts can be replaced by the motor
driving parts, and what power range and power system are suitable to change. 3 driving plans:FC(fuel cell), RMFC(reformed methanol fuel cell) and BE(battery electric), output powerfrom 20-100 horse power will be studied in this paper and all the data are based on the related
references or commercialized products’ specifications. The physical rationality is based on theweight and volume. For a specific output power and required working time, the size of eachpart will be decided. If the motor driving parts are lighter and smaller than conventional ones,
it can be considered that the motor driving plan is possible. On the opposite, if the motor
driving parts are oversize a lot, the performance also will be affected a lot, and it can beconsidered that the plan is not suitable.
The results showed that for FC and RMFC, if the working time is 4 hours, compared with
ICE, the total weight will not change to much, and the volumes are much smaller. However,for BE the batteries weight is almost 3000kg, this may make the whole vehicle’s weight over
6,000kg, while the normal weight of an ICE (John Deere 5100E) is only about 3,600kg. Thus,
based on the technology we have now, a fuel cell based tractor will be more compact, andthere are no technical problems to make a real one, while, for BE tractor, the battery storage
technology will be the biggest barrier to achieve the manufacture.

62

Dihydroxyacetone（dha）Production by Acetic Acid Bacteria andImprovement of DHA and EPA Concentration for Euglena to Substrate
Using Dihydroxyacetone
Wuren hasi FNU1 and Yutaka KITAMURA2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Glycerol which is a by-product of Bio-Diesel Fuel (BDF) made from vegetable oil isused as a substrate of carbon source in the cultivation of acetic acid bacteria (Gluconobacter
spp).
The bacteria produces dihydroxyacetone(dha：C3H6O3). It is expected to make sure to get highconcentration of ω3 oils such as DHA （ Docosahexanoic acid:C22H32O2 ） and EPA（Eicosapentaenoic acid：C20H30O2）in the microalgae, Euglena using dha as a substrate ofcarbon source under the condition of heterotrophic cultivation.
The selected acetic acid was the NBRC3261(gene disruptant) and it was cultured in the
bio-reactor using culture of broth such as 88.5%-83.5 5 % of pure water, 5%- 10 % ofglycerol,1% of yeast extract and 0.5% of Polypeptone. The optimal yield of dha was found at
the 5% of glycerol concentration. The higher glycerol concentration, 10% -15%, in the aspectof industrial economic level production of dha will be needed. For this purpose, It is tried touse a methodology of acclimation for acetic acid bacteria which are to be put into higher
concentration of glycerol from 10 % to 15%.
Since only a low concentration of EPA in the cell of Euglena has been detected, it would
be presumed that the Euglena could be available for another ω3 oil such as DHA in their cell.
The optimal cultivation condition for production of DHA and EPA by using difference
concentration of dha as a substrate of carbon source will be sought.
The high concentration of EPA and DHA being available in the Euglena would be used
for food of human beings, feed of fish and livestock, and these ω3 oils such as EPA and DHA
would play a key role in maintaining human health.
Furthermore, as this production system advances recycling use of glycerol system suchas waste water treatment from BDF production, it can contribute to prevention of water andenvironmental pollution.
In the future, it would develop the studying metabolic path way to make EPA and DHA
from small molecular of dha after the high concentration of DHA and EPA has been detectedin the cell of Euglena.

63

Study on Mitigating Ammonia Inhibition of Anaerobic Digestion with
Intermittent Illumination under Mesophilic Condition
Haoyuan GAO1, Nan ZHANG1, Mishma Silvia STANISLAUS2,
Chenyu ZHAO1, and Yingnan YANG2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

With the growing population, the demand for meat is increasing, and the quantity of livestock
waste is also on the rise. Anaerobic digestion is proved to be an effective method to deal withlivestock waste. Anaerobic digestion offers numerously advantages, such as low sludge
production, energy recovery, and low energy requirement. Conventionally, anaerobic digestion
is operated under dark condition, but some researchers have found that optimal intermittent
illumination in anaerobic digesters can increase the biogas production significantly. From theprevious research of our lab, intermittent illumination can mitigate ammonia inhibition inanaerobic digestion under thermophilic condition. However, until now, few researchers focusedon the anaerobic digestion coupled with intermittent illumination carried out under mesophilic
condition. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the intermittent illumination
process for mitigating ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion under mesophilic
condition.
Batch experiments were carried out using illuminated fixed bed bioreactors under mesophilic
condition. From the results, intermittent illumination increased the methane production
comparing with control (i.e. without illumination) under mesophilic condition. The ammonia
inhibition could be mitigated effectively with the assistance of intermittent illumination undermesophilic condition. Moreover, the higher VS removal achieved by illuminated bioreactor
proved that intermittent illumination promoted the efficiency of anaerobic digestion undermesophilic condition. Furthermore, the ATP value of microorganism in bioreactor underintermittent illumination condition was higher, which demonstrated that intermittent
illumination could improve the activity of microbes. The results indicate that intermittent
illumination of anaerobic digestion was effective under mesophilic condition in terms of
methane production and mitigation of ammonia inhibition.

64

Discriminant Analysis based on Lycopene Content of Intact Tomatoes
by Peak Occurrence in Raman Spectra
Risa HARA1and Takuma GENKAWA2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Health benefits by foods with functional ingredients are attracting people these days.
Because the production of healthy food is increasing, many consumers have doubt if such
foods contain rich-functional ingredients. Therefore, the guarantee given by the technology ofeasy and rapid non-destructive analysis for functional ingredient contents is highly desired.
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analysis of carotenoids in greengroceries.
However, Raman spectroscopy has a challenging subject of obtaining inefficient
reproducibility in Raman intensity. So there is still no practical calibration model of Raman
spectroscopy, and the new measurement and analysis methods are required. In this study, we
tried to make use of discriminant analysis based on the sample’s concentration, instead ofquantity analysis. An idea of new analysis method named Product of mean intensity ratio(PMIR) is that measuring with conditions of the limit of peak occurrence would result to apeak only in the high concentration of the sample, but not in the low concentration. PMIR
aimed to distinguish high concentration from low concentration by the peak occurrence. In
this study, the feasibility of discriminant analysis based on lycopene content was investigatedusing vegetable juice with different lycopene concentration, and then the methods was applied
to intact tomatoes with different lycopene content.
In the measurement with the conditions of the limit of peak occurrence, peaks exist onlyin high concentration samples, but not in low concentration samples. The threshold level ofpeak occurrence could be adjusted by changing exposure time and laser power. In themeasurement of vegetable juice, lycopene content could be distinguished successfully by
PMIR with almost 90% hit ratio. Moreover, clear and strong peaks were noted for the highlycopene cultivar tomatoes, whereas, no strong peaks were observed for the intact tomatoes in
the other common cultivars. High lycopene cultivar tomatoes could be distinguishedsuccessfully with 95% hit ratio based on the PMIR value. In conclusion, the feasibility of
discriminant analysis based on lycopene content was investigated using a combination of
PMIR and Raman spectroscopy.

65Effect of Large-Scale Fertilization of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on
Grassland Productivity and Total Phosphorus Content in Plant in Inner
Mongolia, China
Mizuki INABA1, Zhe GONG2, Kensuke KAWAMURA 3, Hai JING4, Masakazu GOTO5,
Atsushi ASANO1, Atsushi TAJIMA1, Naoto ISHIKAWA1
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC),Hiroshima University,
Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
3
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
4
Biotechnology Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural andStockbreeding Sciences, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia,
5
Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
1
2

Although overgrazing is believed as a main cause of grassland degradation in Inner
Mongolia, China, destruction of material cycle among soil, plant and livestock is suggested as
the other significant factor. It was suggested that lack of phosphorus by taking out fromgrassland during long time could be the cause of the grassland degradation (Kasuga et al.
2015). Actually, productivity and total phosphorus (TP) content in plant increased byphosphorus and nitrogen fertilization (Kasuga, 2015). This study, however, was small-scale
experiment with 10 × 15 m blocks. On the other hand, when degradated grassland will be
restored by using fertilizer, larger scale fertilization will be needed. Therefore, this study was
conducted to evaluate the effect of large-scale fertilization of phosphorus and nitrogen on
grassland productivity and TP content in plant in Inner Mongolia, China.
Grassland grazed only on spring in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia was used in the present
study. Three experimental blocks sized 135 × 200 m were set in the grassland. One block was
divided into three treatment areas (control, low and high fertilizations [LF and HF]). Eachtreatment was fertilized on the surface of soil with 0, 0.92 or 1.84 g/m2 of phosphate, 0, 1.36
or 2.71 g/m2 of KH2PO4 and 0, 1.73 or 1.73 g/m2 of urea, respectively. Fertilization was
performed on 5th May 2014. All vegetation was cut to ground level using five quadrats in eachtreatment on 1st August 2014. Plant samples were dried at 110 C° for 48 h, and weighted andmilled for chemical analyses. TP content in plant was determined by colorimetric reagent of
the vanadomolybdate method. Statistical analysis was not possible by having failed in somefertilization.
Productivity and TP content in plant increased according to the amount of fertilizer.
These results were good agreement in our previous findings (Kasuga, 2015), suggesting
phosphorus in soil might be racking, also in the condition of larger grassland with wide
variation of soil nutrients, plant species and landforms. Meanwhile, plant TP content in HF(0.09% DM) showed lower values than that of general grassland grasses in Japan (0.30–
0.50% DM). Thus, it is needed to investigate the effect of higher level fertilization on
productivity and TP content in plant.

66

Preventive Effect of Jerusalem Artichoke on Heat-induced Infertility

Hana ISHIZAKI¹, Takayuki YASUI¹, Daichi KOKUBU¹, Takashi SHIMIZU²,and Hitoshi MIYAZAKI³¹Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan²Faculty of Life Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary
Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan³Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
During the summer, infertility is a serious problem among livestock. The number of
eggs laid by chickens drop significantly, and the pigs copulated in the summer deliver lower
numbers of piglets compared to those in the other seasons. Heat stress raises the level ofreactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, which leads
to anovulation. The viability of granulosa cells is closely associated with follicular atresia andovulation. In our previous studies, oleuropein in olives and Genseirin Ashitaba protectedgranulosa cells from heat stress-dependent apoptosis, followed by the prevention of
anovulation in rats.
The Jerusalem artichoke (JA) is a species of sunflower native to eastern North
America, and a polysaccharide, inulin, is the main component of this plant. The tuber of JA
has been reported to have improvement effects on various diseases, but the agonist(s)responsible for these effects as well as their mechanism remain unclear. Several reports
demonstarated that the tuber prevents the drop of oviposition rate induced by heat stressamong chickens, but there are no reports on the leaves of JA preventing anovulation. Since
inulin is a water-soluble dietary fiber and is not incorporated into the body, we consider that
other components are the ones giving these beneficial effects. Components contained in the
tuber are 47% inulin, whereas in the leaves only 1% of inulin is contained. The objective of
the present study is to investigate whether the leaves have effects of improving heat-induced
infertility. We performed the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay on leaf extract tomeasure radical scavenging activity, and we also examined the effects of leaf extract on
cultured porcine granulosa cells and heat stress (35℃) treated Wister rats .
Leaf extract of JA showed radical scavenging activity, suppressed a heatstress-dependent decrease in the number of ovulation, and increased the expression ofantioxidant enzymes in rat ovaries and porcine granulosa cells. These results provide the firstevidence for leaf extract of JA to improve infertility.

67

Possible Mechanisms for Functional Maturation of Mammalian Spermduring Epididymal Transit
Mizuho KONDOU1, Atsushi TAJIMA2, Naoto ISHIKAWA2, Atsushi ASANO2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Recently, idiopathic reproductive failure increases in domestic animals and human.
However, most of the effort to identify mechanisms that cause it was limited to seeking aproblem of female reproductive system. Recent investigation to identify biomarkers of
idiopathic male infertility demonstrated the involvement of functional sperm maturation
during epididymal transit. During epididymal transit, sperm take up functional proteinspresent in exosomes that are secreted from epididymal epithelium. Despite of its importancefor sperm in the acquirement of fertilizing ability, it still remains unclear how this processorchestrates sperm functional maturation during epididymal transit. When we analyzed
proteomic data of epididymal exosomes and sperm in preliminary trial, we found a possibility
that Pantophysin (Pphn) might be secreted from epididymal epithelium and acquired by sperm
during epididymal transit. Therefore, in this study, we examined this possibility and sought
the role of Pphn in sperm functional maturation.
ICR male mice were utilized for these experiments. Epididymis was divided into caput(CT), corpus (CS) and cauda (CD) regions. RNA was extracted from them of sexually
immature or mature mice and Pphn mRNA amount was quantified by semi-quantitative
RT-PCR. Expression and localization of Pphn in epididymis and sperm were examined bywestern blot and immunostaining. Because membrane rafts play an important role inexosome-sperm interaction, its marker (GM1) was localized in sperm. Possible role of Pphn
was examined by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) with Vesicle-associated membrane protein(VAMP) 2 and 3, membrane fusion associated proteins.
Pphn mRNA amount in epididymis decreased from CT to CD, and it was increased in CT
by sexual maturation. Pphn was highly expressed in epididymal epithelium of CT relative toothers. Furthermore, sperm took up Pphn during transit from CT to CD. Immunostaining for
sperm showed that Pphn and GM1 co-localized in cytoplasmic droplet that is released just after
epididymal transit. Co-IP showed that Pphn and VAMP 2 and 3 formed a complex incytoplasmic droplet.
Taking together, our results suggest that cytoplasmic droplet of sperm flagellum takes up
Pphn secreted by epididymal epithlium through membrane rafts during epididymal transit andthat,Pphn might play a role in membrane fusion resulting in detachment of cytoplasmic
droplet This study would become a foundation to generate a novel treatment for idiopathic
male infertility.
68Detection of Basal Stem Rot (BSR) Disease of Oil Palm Using Thermal
Image Acquisition Sensor
Ghaibulna ABDOL LAJIS1, Siti Khairunniza BEJO1 and Tofael AHAMED2
1

Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
2

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Oil palm is one of the most important crops in Malaysia. In 2011, the oil palm industry
was the fourth largest contributor to Malaysia’s economy, accounting for RM 53 billion (USD
16.8 billion) of Malaysia’s Gross National Income (GNI). As of 2015, oil palm plantation
area in Malaysia covered up to 5,642,943 hectares. However, the oil palm plantation requires
intensive care against the diseases. Basal stem rot (BSR) is one of that which reduced theyield significantly.
Basal Stem Rot (BSR), caused by Ganoderma boninense is known as the most destructive
disease in oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia. More than 10 % of oil palm plantation areas
are infected by BSR. This disease could reduce the productivity of oil palm plantations andpotentially reduce the market value of palm oil in Malaysia. Early disease management of
BSR could prevent production losses and reduce the use of chemicals.
This preliminary study was focused on the suitable time to capture thermal images toanalyse the properties of infected and non-infected oil palm trees taken at oil palm plantations
using FLIR E60 thermal camera. A total of 16 samples of oil palm trees were used. The mean,
minimum, maximum and average number of image intensity in thermal images taken fromtrunks and canopies were extracted and analysed using Matlab image analysis environment.
Statistical analysis was done on both BSR and non-BSR to identify which time session
gave significant result to differentiate non-BSR and BSR infected trees. From trunk section,
both morning and afternoon session did not show any distinguishable difference. Meanwhile,for the canopy section, the afternoon session the probability distribution at 5% level was
significant which meant that non-BSR trees had higher image intensity compared to BSR
infected tress. The results showed that the trend in image intensity for infected and noninfected BSR not only depends on the tree sections, but also on the time taken during theimage capturing process. The difference of average image intensity for non-infected BSR and
BSR in the afternoon was more significant compared to the infected BSR and the trend wasinsignificant in the morning.

69

Acidic Treatment of Fresh Cut Lotus Root (Nelumbo nucifera)for Enhancing Quality Parameters During Storage
Grace R. LARA1, Kunihiko UEMURA3, Nauman KHALID2
Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA2, Marcos A. NEVES2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
3
Food Engineering Division, Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
2

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has reported that there has been an
increasing demand for freshly cut fruits and vegetables as these both offer convenience andfreshness to consumers. Global market trends have shown that, for instance, in the UnitedStates, it was estimated that fresh cut produce sales have increased values from US$3.3 billion
in 1999 to US$15.5 billion in 2007. However, freshly cut products are more prone toundesirable reactions such as enzymatic browning and tissue softening because of posthandling processing such as peeling and slicing preparations. Lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera)
is widely known as an ingredient of various traditional dishes around the world. Freshly cut
slices from lotus root have become popular in different countries, however, challenged by its
fast rate of browning which decreases its quality. The browning is caused mainly by thepolyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme which is only stable at a pH range of 5 to 8. In thisresearch we evaluated the effect of acidic treatment (pH 2 and 4) on the storage stability offreshly cut lotus root considering color, texture, enzyme activity and microbial stability. The
effect of acidic treatments (with pH 2 and pH 4) is important in understanding the mechanismof browning and the role of the polyphenol oxidase in catalyzing the browning reactions. 2%
and 0.002% (w/v) citric acid solutions were used to prepare pH 2 and 4 solutions, respectively.
The control consisted of samples without any treatment. Lotus roots were washed, peeled,sliced (5 mm thick) and immersed in acidic solutions for 2 min. Excess solution on thesurfaces of the slices was dripped before packing in polyethylene bags. All treatments were
performed in duplicates. The color (Konica Minolta CM-5 spectrophotometer), textural(Texture Profile Unit Analyzer) and enzymatic changes (JASCO UV-VIS spectrophotomer)
were evaluated during storage at 5 ̊C up to 16 days.
Results have shown that samples immersed in pH 2 and pH 4 solutions weresignificantly lighter than control samples, between the two acidic treatments the results
showed that pH 2 yielded higher L* values. The L* value expresses the whiteness/lightness or
darkness of samples. In addition, the researchers were also interested in the effect of acidic
treatments in the texture quality of the fresh cut lotus root, in terms of hardness. It was foundout that there was a decreasing hardness values of all samples with increasing storage time.
However, visible decrease in hardness was observed in pH 2 samples. Moreover, preliminary
results of the microbial analysis have shown that both pH 2 and pH 4 treatments reduced total
Bacillus subtilis counts. In conclusion, lowering the pH of acidic treatments to pH 2 is aneffective strategy in improving the storage stability of fresh cut lotus root. However, pH is not
sufficient to enhance the quality fresh cut lotus root; rather it is further recommended that theeffect of pH can be intensified with the effect of other strategies, such as lowering oxygen
levels.

70

Effects of Adding Enzymes in the Process of Dry Agingwith Dry Aging Bag in Beef
Meitong LI1 and Yutaka KITAMURA2
1
2

Graduate school of Food Quality and Safety, China Jiliang University, China
Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, JapanDry aging beef is a process whereby meat stored at refrigeration temperatures for one to
five weeks, the natural enzymatic and biochemical processes result in improving tenderness
and the development of the unique flavor .With aging process, the growth of microorganisms
will be inhibited, water-holding capacity will be recovered, and protein will be
decomposed ,leading the meat taste tender.
The process changes beef by two means. Firstly, moisture is evaporated from the muscle.
The resulting process of desiccation creates a greater concentration of beef flavour and taste.
Secondly, the beef’s natural enzymes break down the connective tissue in the muscle, whichleads to more tender beef.
The main purpose of this study is to find out if we can shorten the dry aging process or
improve the beef quality by adding the proteolytic enzymes or yeast. And with adding theadditional microorganism, it is necessary to monitoring the aging condition by determine thepH, water-holding capacity, aerobic plate count, texture and etc. of the aging beef.
For the pre-experiment, we decided to use sirloin(the part of meat associated withadipose tissue, and easy to get the whole part)witch is provided from hanamasa.
The initial aging condition will be set as follow:(1) days of aging:0~4weeks,(2) storage
temperature:0~4℃,(3) relative humidity:70%~90%,(4) air flow:0.5~2m/sec.
Before putting the materials into dry aging vacuum packing bag, apply a proper amountof proteolytic enzymes on the beef surface. And the put the sample into the special
refrigerator witch can adjust the aging condition. As time goes on, the characteristics both on
the surface and inner part of the beef will be change in pH, water-holding capacity, aerobic
plate count, texture and etc. By determine these date, we can tell the changes among thematerials between using enzymes and not. The date will be detected by every week(from0~4weeks). Furthermore, with applying the enzymes in the aging process, we can change theparameters like relative humidity and air flow to adjust best condition for aging process.

71Effects of Experiment Conditions on the Inactivation of Escherichia coli
Using P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 Photocatalyst under LED Irradiation
Na LIU1 , Qi ZHU1, Nobuaki NEGISHI2 and Yingnan YANG3
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Environment Management Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan2

Growing number of population around the world have caused an increase in clean drinking
water problems. In developing countries, more than 50% of the people are exposed to polluted
water sources. Many water sources are not only polluted by hazardous chemicals but also by
pathogenic microorganisms and therefore, have to be disinfected before use. The conventional
water disinfection methods including chlorination, ozonation and ultraviolet, are effective
against most pathogens. Unfortunately, all of these methods have some disadvantages,
including high cost and by products. For example, a number of biohazards are naturally resistant
to traditional UV and chlorination treatments; the toxic and corrosive characteristics of ozone
hinder its practical application; the formation of disinfection byproducts with potential
carcinogenicity is an additional drawback of chlorination. As such, versatile new technologies
are highly desirable to inactivate biohazards. Among the processes currently in development,
semiconductor photocatalysis has emerged as a very attractive, environment-friendly
technology for water disinfection due to its superior photocatalytic oxidation ability, nontoxic
and stable characteristics.
According to the previous studies, a novel, silver doped photocatalyst
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2, firstly synthesized by our lab, has been demonstrated as a promisingmaterial with remarkable photocatalytic efficiency in decomposing the organic matter undersimulated solar light. In this study, the efficiency of photocatalytic disinfection, evaluated byinactivating Escherichia coli under LED irradiation was examined. The results showed that
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst had higher bactericidal activity than otherphotocatalysts. The influence of different parameters including photocatalyst loading, pH of
solution and temperature on the efficiency of photocatalytic bacterial activity were also studied.
The present results suggest that this new photocatalyst material could greatly facilitate practicalwater disinfection.

72

Preparation of Ag-based Bi2WO6 Thin Film on Glass Substrate with
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Decomposition of Organic Dye
Qiansu MA1, Xiaohong HU1, Qi ZHU1 and Yingnan YANG2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences,University of Tsukuba,Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
In recent years, various technologies have been developed for degradation of organic dye,including physical adsorption method and chemical decomposition. And among thesemethods, photocatalysis has been considered as a cost-effective alternative. Bi2WO6 has
drawn worldwide attention for water treatment due to its high efficiency and low toxicity.
In general, the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst can be promoted by increasing
the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. Some researchers have studied
the modification of Bi2WO6 by doping with nonmetal elements, metals and semiconductors,
in order to enhance its photocatalytic ability. In our study, Bi2WO6 modified with silver salt
has been developed. Novel visible-light-driven photocatalysts are usually utilized assuspended powders, however they did not fit for the reutilization process. In order to solve
post- preparation problem, the preparation of photocatalytic films has been promoted as amethod to enhance the adsorption of solar spectrum and improve the photocatalytic
performance. The synthesis ofmodifiedBi2WO6thin film was optimized by investigating theeffects of calcinations temperature at 100Ԩ, 120Ԩ, 140Ԩ,calcinations time of 3, 4, 5, 6 hours
and number of coating layers. Modified Bi2WO6thin film with calcinations temperature at
120Ԩand calcinations time of 4 h showed the best performance in degradation of Rh B.
Comparing with pure Bi2WO6thin films, the modified composite film exhibited wider visible
light absorption spectrum and higher photocatalytic activity, which could be used in practicalapplication of water treatment.

73

Paper or Tablet? – Media Effect on Visual Awareness Performance ofElementary Schoolers
Siti Dian MARDIYANI1, Naohiro HIGUCHI2, Toshiharu ENOMAE 3
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan2

The use of digital devices is expanding in school for Information and Communication
Technology (ICT)-based education. Along with the development of ICT educational systems, interms of the application or impact of the media, our research is focusing on the comparison between
paper media and tablet PC subjected to elementary school students in grades 4, 5 and 6. The use ofdigital media like tablet for elementary school student in Indonesia is still variate as each school has
a right to decide to introduce digital media to develop their own learning activity. For the case ofJapan, ICT-based education reform is directed as a policy. Publishers of school textbooks havestarted developing their own digital textbook materials complying with the guidelines issued by theministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. As schools facing
this ongoing transition have come to facilitate ICT-based education and provide children with
devices like tablet PC, the children might also have to change their reading media from paper-based
textbook to electronic textbook (e-textbook) with having no other options. This research is focusing
on the media effect on proofreading efficiency between paper and tablet PC for elementary school
students in grades 4, 5 and 6. The objective of this research is further consideration of the media
choice for reading at elementary school level.
Students were asked to do a simple proofreading test by finding misspelled words in various tasks
on different media. A4 size copy paper and tablet were used, with the digital materials prepared in
pdf file and delivered using Adobe pdf reader application. The tasks and media were randomly
assigned to test subjects. The misspelled words in the tasks were categorized into three different
patterns: (1) substitute of a letter(s), (2) addition/elimination of a letter(s), and (3) change of theorder of letter(s). Both patterns (1) and (2) have two sub-patterns: ‘another word’ and ‘incorrect
word’. ‘Another word’ refers to correctly spelt but inappropriate new word and ‘incorrected word’refers to a misspelled word. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to this test resultwith variables of the grade, task, and media as the primary independent factors to evaluate each
effect with the number of found misspelled words. Further, we also investigated how the
misspelling patterns and word change might affect the finding efficiency and analyzed it using
multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The total average number of found misspelled words in grades 4, 5, and 6 consecutively
increased and the differences in average spent time between the media decreased both with thegrade. In addition, the results revealed that there is no significant difference in the visual awarenessperformance between the media. However, after analyzing it on a misspelling pattern basis, paper
media help children improve their finding efficiency. In addition, ‘task’ and ‘grade’ are also
considered to be the most influential factors which gave significant differences to the result in thisstudy.
Keywords: ICT-based education; paper vs. tablet; reading performance74

Process Development for Effective Lipid Extraction
from Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) by Micro Wet Milling
Nobuyuki MATSUNAMI1, Yutaka KITAMURA2 and Mito KOKAWA2
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan1

In recent years, renewable source of energy such as solar power, wind power, geothermal
power, and biomass has been developed actively due to global warming and the depletion offossil fuel. Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy which is carbon neutral. It is analternative fuel of the light oil, and is obtained by transesterification of the lipids frombiomass with alcohol and a catalyst. While a variety of terrestrial plants such as rapeseed,sunflower, and jatropha are used in the biodiesel feedstock, in recent years, microalgae has
been considered as a promising biodiesel feedstock due to its high lipid content and, highgrowth rate, and because it does not compete with food production.
The general process of microalgae biodiesel production is performed in the order ofcultivation of the microalgae, harvesting, dewatering, oil extraction, and conversion to fuel.
Lipid extraction from microalgae cells is performed using organic solvents such as hexane,
however, the extraction rate is low. To improve the lipid extraction rate, the addition of a cell
disruption process of algal cells before lipid extraction has been studied. Already, cell
disruption by ultrasonic treatment, high pressure homogenization, brad beating, andmicrowave radiation has been studied, and also it has been reported that these cell disruption
method improve the extraction rate of lipid. However, these methods require large energy, andenergy saving in the cell disruption method is desired for the cost reduction of microalgae
biodiesel production.
This study examined the wet milling of microalgae by the Micro Wet Milling (MWM) as a
new way of cell disruption. MWM is a method of wet milling with a modified electric stone
mill wet material. Because MWM is excellent in miniaturization of wet materials because thegrinding work index is smaller than other grinders. Also MWM is considered effective in
reducing the energy of a cell disruption compared to traditional methods as it is operated at
normal temperature and pressure. However there is no knowledge that a wet milling by
MWM applied to cell disruption of microalgae biomass. Therefore, this study aims to clarify
the characteristics of the wet milling of microalgae by Micro Wet Milling.
The microalgae strain used in this study was chlorella vulgaris. which is commerciallyavailable (water content : 86%). The samples were ground by MWM. After the milling, theparticle size (median diameter) was measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution
meter (SALD-2200) to see the shape change of the algal cells. In addition, the shape of thealgal cells were confirmed by an optical microscope. Furthermore, ground algae lipids wereextracted by the Bligh Dyer method, and the extraction rate was calculated. By determining
the milling conditions which maximized the lipid extraction rate, we acquired the basic data
to establish microalgae biodiesel production that utilizes a Micro Wet Milling process.
75Evaluation of Energy Efficiency of Batch Type Hydrothermal Liquefaction
for Indigenous Microalgae Lipid Extraction
Kasumi MATSUO1, Muhammad Ansori NASUTION1, Nugroho Adi SASONGKO1,,
Eriko ANKYU1, Satosi MATSUMOTO2, Toru ARAMAKI1, Jyunko ITO3,
Sosaku ICHIKAWA4, Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA4,
Makoto M. WATANABE3,4 and Ryozo NOGUCHI4
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

2

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

3

Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan

4

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Minamisoma City in Fukushima Prefecture was dramatically damaged by the Great

East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and huge abandonment of cultivated land area is still remained.
Then, microalgae biofuel production with cultivation as new energy industry is expected as
one of solutions to these farmlands rehabilitation. On the other hand, hydrothermalliquefaction (HTL) decomposes microalgae and produces a lipid by steam heating. In thisresearch, four combinations of temperature and pressure in HTL were examined to clear thelipid extraction ratio from native microalgae in Minamisoma City (Desmodesmus sp.).
500 mL of reactor of HTL equipment and 50 g of microalgae (90% of water content, 5.0
g of solid weight) were used in a) 150˚C & 1.5 MPa, b) 150˚C & 3.3 MPa, c) 200˚C & 1.5
MPa and d) 200˚C & 3.3 MPa in the HTL treatment.
Total lipid content was increased from 0.025 [g/g-DW] to a) 0.192 [g/g-DW], b) 0.128[g/g-DW], c) 0.178 [g/g-DW] and d) 0.1790 [g/g-DW] respectively. There is a possibility thathydrolysis of protein and carbohydrate of the microalgae is converted to hydrocarbon,
triglyceride, glycolipid and phospholipid, and/or destruction of algae's cell wall contributes toincrease the lipid. On the other hand, a) 0.334, b) 0.224, c) 0.311 and d) 0.332 of energy profit
ratio (EPR) were shown by 1200 kJ of input energy in the HTL experiment and a) 0.325, b)
0.979, c) 0.289 and d) 0.979 of EPR was calculated by a) 1234.0 kJ, b) 274.50 kJ, c) 1292.0
kJ and d) 382.60 kJ of theoretical energy consumption. Results of the HTL showed apossibility to save input energy by middle temperature and low pressure HTL compared withsubcritical treatment.

76

Yield Gap Analysis of Rice Production Using MODIS Satellite Time Series
Vegetation Datasets and GIS
Rubaiya Binte MOSTAFIZ1, Md. Monjurul ISLAM1 and Tofael AHAMED2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

2

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Crop yield gap is regarded as one of the challenges for the northern part of Bangladesh. Therefore,
the aim of this study is to estimate the yield gap of major field crop rice, locate the yield gap areas,and suitability analysis in different administrative units of Rangpur district of Bangladesh., To meetthis research objectives, multi-criteria analysis was done using Geographical Information System(GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
from MODIS VI product (MOD13) was used according to the cropping calendar for upland, wetseason and dry seasons varieties of rice. The raster layers of factors and constraints were generated in
ArcGIS 10.3® to perform reclassification. Moreover, weighted overlay was done to find out thesuitable areas of crop production. The spatial analysis was performed to identify the suitable zone
produced by the ArcGIS and compared to raster images from Google Earth Pro® to validate thereliability of suitability assessment.
The main focus was to find out the suitable areas to increase crop yield based on criteria and factors.
These were selected in context of food security according the professional expert’s opinions. The
weighted overly was performed and found that 1.22% of area was highly suitable, while 30.20% wassuitable, 5.66% was moderately suitable and 22.70% was marginally suitable for rice production.
Moreover, 1.22% of area was not suitable and 38.62 % was restricted area, which was occupied withsettlement, river, water body and forest. On the other hand, for individual three types; upland, wet
and dry seasons paddy cultivation suitable areas were covered 450 km2, 691 km2 and 969 km2,
respectively. The study revealed that the yield predicted by a regression model-based on combination
of NDVI and LAI provided the better fit with reference of ground truth data. This coordination could
serve a significant role to agricultural extension department to identify most suitable location toincrease yield against the challenging climate of Bangladesh.
Keywords: Yield Gap, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI),
Geographical Information System (GIS), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).

77

Effects of Coating Methods of Palm Oil on Dissolution Rate of Urea in vitro
Ryo NOGUCHI1, Osamu ENISHI2, Naoto ISHIKAWA3, Atsushi TAJIMA3and Atsushi ASANO3
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
2
National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Urea has been used as a supplement for the ruminants because some ruminal microbes
have the ability to synthesize proteins by using non-protein nitrogen compounds. The
supplementation of urea into feeds promotes the increase of microbes and improves fiber
digestibility of the low quality roughage such a straw in ruminants. However, excess
supplementation of urea sometimes causes the ammonia toxicosis in ruminants by rapid
increase of ammonia concentration in rumen because of urea’s fast-acting property. As asolution for this problem, Slow Release Urea (SRU) which release nitrogen slowly in rumen
was developed. But there are few reports about releasing rate of urea from SRU andappropriate rate for the growth of microbes. To investigate the effect of coating methods ofpalm oil on dissolution rate of urea which shows appropriate rate of nitrogen-releasing for
microbes, the dissolution rate of urea were compared among 12 types of SRU made bydifferent methods.
Dissolution rates of urea in 12 types of SRU were prepared by using different quantity,solidification time and coating times of palm oil. These SRU were incubated for 0, 1.5, 3, 6,
12 and 24 h in artificial saliva at 39.5 ℃ were measured by the spectrophotometer with theindophenol method.
1) Dissolution rate of urea from SRU with big size particle (2 ~ 4 mm) was lower thanthat with small size particle (1 ~ 2 mm), although the difference was not significant. 2) SRU
coated with 30 wt% oil had significantly smaller dissolution rate of urea than those with 20
wt% oil (P<0.05). 3) SRU with 0.5 % emulsifier and SRU with crushed urea (0.2 ~ 1 mm)
had higher dissolution rates of urea, although the differences were not significant. 4) SRU
which was coated twice had greatly lower dissolution rate of urea (less than 40%). 5) SRU
solidified for longer time (more than 45 minutes) had significantly lower dissolution rate ofurea than that solidified for shorter time (P<0.05).
These results show that the dissolution rate of urea from SRU can be controlled bydifferent condition.

78

Isolation and Evaluation of Xylose-Fermenting Thermotolerant Yeasts for
Bioethanol Production
Julius NWEZE1,2, Ifeanyi NDUBUISI2, Yoshinori MURATA3, Hide Omae3,James OGBONNA2, and Yutaka KITAMURA4
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan2

Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

3

Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan

4

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Xylose is the main fermentable sugar obtained by hydrolysis of hemicellulosic fraction of
lignocellulosic materials, and xylose-fermenting microorganisms are essential for the economic
conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. The aim of this work was therefore to isolate and evaluate
thermotolerant xylose fermenting yeasts. Natural habitats of yeasts were examined for the presenceof thermotolerant strains able to produce ethanol from xylose. Among the 320 thermotolerant
yeasts isolated,45 produced more than 1g/l of ethanol from 20g/l of xylose medium. When theirfermentation ability was tested in 3% xylose medium, only three isolates (Pa27, Ma9, and Pi131)
produced more than 7g/l of ethanol after 72 hours,and were selected for further studies. Molecular
identification was carried out using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS),
and the results showed that isolate Pa27 and Pi131 were strains of Pichia kudriavzeviiwhile Ma9
was strain of Candida tropicalis. Optimization studies were carried out to check the effects ofdifferent process parameters such as initial pH, inoculum size, temperature, concentration of xylose,
and xylose-glucose ratio on ethanol production and yield.The optimal conditions were: pH 5.5 for
Pa27 and Pi131, and 4.5 for Ma9, inoculum size of 1.2-1.5 O.D (600nm), temperature of 35-380C
and xylose concentration of 70g/l. Under these conditions, isolate Pa27, Ma9 and Pi131 produced
maximum ethanol concentrationsof 24.30 ± 0.17 (g/l), 22.61 ± 0.18 (g/l) and 25.70 ± 0.17 (g/l)
after 120 hours, and maximum ethanol yieldsof 0.35 ± 0.002 (g/g) after 120 hours, 0.35 ± 0.007(g/g) and 0.39 ± 0.002 (g/g) after 96 hours respectively. At a fermentation temperature of 420C andother optimum operating conditions, the maximum ethanol concentrations were 14.60 ± 0.28 (g/l),
14.07 ± 0.28 (g/l) and 15.70 ± 0.28 (g/l) after 168 hours, while the maximum ethanol yields were0.27 ± 0.005 (g/g), 0.27 ± 0.005 (g/g) and 0.29 ± 0.006 (g/g) after 96 hours for isolate Pa27, Ma9and Pi131 respectively.The isolates co-fermented glucose and xylose to ethanol and the presenceof small amount of glucose improved the xylose utilization rate.The performance of these yeasts
compared favourably with those reported for some other xylose-fermenting yeasts.

79Fungal Species and N Sources Affect on Accumulation of Cesium,
Rubidium, and Potassium by Fungi
Sumika OGO1, Takashi YAMANAKA2, Keiko AKAMA2 and Keiko YAMAJI1
1
2

College of Agrobiological Resource Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan

After the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in 2011 in Japan, highconcentrations of radiocesium were extended into many fields. Fungi are considered to play animportant role in the dynamics of radiocesium in forest ecosystems because fungi canaccumulate cesium (Cs) abundantly into their fruit bodies. Although it is known that
ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi can accumulate cesium more than saprotrophic (SA) fungi, themechanisms of the absorption of Cs have not been investigated.
We examined the content of Cs, rubidium (Rb), and potassium (K) in the mycelium of 15
isolates of EM species and 9 isolates of SA species after culture in a synthetic medium with
NaNO3 or NH4Cl as the sole N source, supplemented with 1 ppm CsCl and RbCl. The mycelia
were harvested after 8 weeks of incubation in darkness at 23ºC. The contents of Cs, Rb, and K
in the mycelium were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The dryweight of the mycelium in the medium containing NH4Cl was significantly higher than thatwith NaNO3, although some EM species, Hebeloma, Astraeus, and Scleroderma, grew well inthe medium with NO3. Among SA species, Crucibulum and Cyathus grew in the medium with
NO3. Generally, Cs uptake in the medium with NO3 was higher than that with NH4. There wasno significant difference in Cs content among the isolates when they grew on the medium with
NH4; however, Cs in Scleroderma and Astraeus in the medium with NO3 was higher than thatin other EM and SA species. The content of Cs was well correlated with those of Rb and K,
indicating that the pattern of Cs uptake could be characteristic of monovalent cation absorption.
In this way, the pattern of the contents of these elements was different depending on fungal
species and N source.

80

Characteristics of Lactic Acid Fermentation in
Soy Milk Mixed with Brown RiceYuki SAITO¹, Yutaka KITAMURA²and Mito KOKAWA²¹ Graduate School of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan² Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
There are many kinds of fermented foods using Lactic acid such as Kimchi, pickles andsweet sake. Above all, yogurt is well known as a fermented food made from milk. Intestinal
regulation functions and blood cholesterol-lowering functions are generally known as theeffect of yogurt. On the other hand, milk is perceived as the second highest cause of foodallergy next to egg. Thus, the development of a lactic acid fermented food made from soy
milk mixed with brown rice that is safe for people who are allergic to milk and has ayogurt-like function would be significant. Furthermore, soy milk and brown rice contain a lotof dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, and food made from these raw materials would
contain a high level of nutrition. For these reasons, the purpose of this study is to produce
lactic acid fermented yogurt-like food which is fermented by plant lactobacillus using soy
milk and brown rice as the raw material.
This study used Lactobacillus sp.FPL1, which is resistant to both artificial gastric juice
and intestinal juice. The processing of brown rice with mixed soy milk was investigated by
two methods. In the first method, brown rice which was cooked using soy milk was mixed ina high-speed mixer to make a gel-like sample. In the second method, the characteristics of raw
brown rice with soy milk were investigated by use of Micro Wet Milling system. Micro Wet
Milling system is a method using two modified electric stone mills with wet materials. This
study compared the operability and the particle size of the brown rice due to the differences in
the processing methods.
Since the high-speed mixer and Micro Wet Milling system could mill brown rice into
samples with small particle size, lactic acid bacteria fermentation was quicker and themouthfeel of the resulting yogurt-like food was better.

81

Effects of Feeding Ashitaba ( Angelica keiskei ) on Somatic Cell Count in
Milk, Milk Yield and Body Weight of Dairy Cattle under Heat Stress
Shoichiro SUZUKI1, Atsushi ASANO2, Atsushi TAJIMA2, and Naoto ISHIKAWA2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanThe mastitis in summer gives an economical loss for dairy farming. Under heat stress,
reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases and immunity is depressed. Mastitis increases thenumber of somatic cell count (SCC) in Milk and depresses milk production. Our researchgroup focuses on addition of functional feeds to dairy cattle to solve the problem. It is known
that Ashitaba contains rich antioxidant chemicals, such as chalcones and coumarines.
Therefore the purpose of this experiment is to reveal the effect of feeding Ashitaba on somatic
cell count in milk, milk yield and body temperature of dairy cattle under heat stress.
Four Holstein milking cows in Agricultural and Forestry Research Center were used in a
double switch-back experiment. All of the animals were ad libitum offered base feedthroughout the experimental period. Two cows were given 0.3 Kg Ashitaba supplement (madeby SNOW BRAND SEED Co., Ltd., containing 45% Ashitaba plants) per day (Ashitaba
feeding group) for 12days as the first feeding period. Other 2 cows were for control group at
the first feeding period and were assigned to Ashitaba feeding group during 12 days after 2days interval following the period. After 2 days, all cows were assigned to same group as thefirst feeding period. Milk yield was measured twice a day. SCC in milk was measured on thelast 5 days of every feeding period. Body weight was recorded every other day. Regression
analysis between Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and each measurement was performed.
No significant correlation between THI and SCC was found in Ashitaba feeding group,
although a positive correlation in control was significant. Farther, SCC in milk of a mastitis
cow was decreasing during Ashitaba feeding period. However, Ashitaba feeding group had astronger negative correlation between THI and milk yield than that of control. A negative
correlation between THI and body weight was found only in Ashitaba feeding group.
Above results might indicate that Ashitaba feeding could control aggravation of the mastitis
caused by heat stress. On the other hand, Ashitaba feeding is possibly to cause an adverse
effect for feed intake of milking cow. Further research will be needed to evaluate the effect ofAshitaba on the mastitis and feed intake in milking cow.

82

Characteristics of Dry Matter Yields and Chemical Composition in Ratoonsof Three NERICA (New Rice for Africa) Cultivars
Saki TANIGUCHI¹, Hisashi URAYAMA², Morio KATO³, Atsushi ASANO³,
Atsushi TAJIMA³and Naoto ISHIKAWA³¹Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan²Overseas Agricultural Development Association, Tokyo, Japan³Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanThe greater part of smallholders in Africa has no sufficient agricultural field for producing
livestock feeds. NERICA, cultivars were developed to solve the food shortage, have been
spread to produce a lot of rice in Africa. The ratoon of NERICA can be a high quality feed,
because it was shown that ratoon of Japonica had relatively higher nitrogen content. This
study aims to characterize the regrowing ability and chemical composition of NERICA
cultivars as feedstuffs.
NERICA (1, 4 and 10), Toyohatamochi and Yumenohatamochi were cultivated intriplicates in Agricultural and Forestry Research Center in University of Tsukuba. The ratoonsof all cultivars were started regrowing after reaping from 20 cm above ground on 24th August
2015. The regrowing ratoons reaped at ground level were sampled on 27th September 2015
(the 1st harvest: regrowing for 35 days). The regrowing ratoons reaped at ground level were
sampled on 10th October 2015 (the 2nd harvest: regrowing for 48 days). The number of stem,
plant height and dry matter yield of samples were recorded. The regrowing ability is indicatedby these measurements. Crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude
protein in the samples were analyzed. Effect of cultivar, harvesting time and interaction
between cultivar and harvesting time on all of the measurements were analyzed by two way
factorial ANOVA (SAS stat, 1999).
Significant differences of cultivars, harvesting time and interaction between those were
found in plant height, dry matter yield and crude protein (p<0.05). Dry matter yield of the 2nd
harvest in NERICA1, 4 and 10 were 112.6g/m²,157.8g/m² and 69.3g/m², respectively.
The regrowing abilities of early maturing cultivars (NERICA 10 and Toyohatamochi)
were lower than that of high yield cultivar (NERICA 4). Among the cultivars, decreasing rateof crude protein in NERICA4 between the 1st and 2nd harvest was the lowest. Although dry
matter yields of the 1st and 2nd harvest in NERICA4 were significantly larger than those inother cultivars, decreasing rate of crude protein in NERICA4 between the 1st and 2nd harvest
was the lowest. From the results obtained, it was shown that there was a wide variation ofcharacteristics of ratoons as feed among cultivars of NERICA.

83

Improvement in Fertilizing Ability of Chicken Sperm Incorporarated with
Sterols after Cryopreservation
Ai USHIYAMA1, Atsushi TAJIMA2, Naoto ISHIKAWA2 and Atsushi ASANO2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

In sperm, cryopreservation is known to cause serious damages to functions necessary for
fertilization, which limits use of this technology for commercial production and the genetic
preservation of chicken. Cellular membranes are primary site for cryopreservation-induced
damages. Previously, we demonstrated in chicken sperm that freeze-thaw process induces
removal of cholesterol from cellular membranes leading to apoptosis. This led us to hypothesisthat enrichment of sterols in membranes might rescue cryopreserved chicken sperm from thedamages resulting in the decline of fertilizing ability. In this study, we tested this possibility togenerate a novel methodology for cryopreservation of avian sperm.
Semen were collected from matured Rhode Island Red. For incorporation of sterols tomembranes, sperm (1.2 x 108 cells) were treated with 0 - 6 mg cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin(CLC) or desmosterol-loaded cyclodextrin (DLC). Exp 1: cholesterol content in membranes of
CLC-treated sperm was quantified following by freeze-thaw process. Distribution of exogenous
sterol was visualized in sperm labeled with BODIPY-cholesterol. Exp 2: post-thaw survivability,
motility, and acrosome integrity were examined in CLC- and DLC-treated sperm. Exp 3:
apoptotic status was assessed in CLC- and DLC-treated sperm following by freeze-thawprocess. Exp 4: post-thaw acrosomal responsiveness was assessed in fresh, CLC-treated and
DLC-treated sperm after stimulation with or without inner perivitelline layers (IPVL). Exp 1:
exogenous cholesterol was incorporated into sperm membranes in CLC-concentration
dependent manner. Exogenous cholesterol was preferentially localized to the sperm head region.
Exp 2: the survivability and motility were improved when cryopreserved sperm were pretreated with 1.5 mg CLC or 3 mg DLC, and the acrosome integrity was retained in both CLC
and DLC concentrations. Exp 3: apoptosis was inhibited in cryopreserved sperm by pretreatment with CLC or DLC compared with sperm treated with conventional. Exp 4: acrosome
responsiveness in response to IPVL treatment was improved in sperm pre-treated with CLC or
DLC compared to sperm cryopreserved with conventional.
In present study, we demonstrated that pre-treatment of chicken sperm with 1.5 mg CLC or
3 mg DLC improves post-thaw survivability and functionality by suppressing apoptosis. Our
results would provide a foundation to generate a novel methodology of avian sperm
cryopreservation.

84

Development of a Sweet Potato Lacto Juice
Michael WAMBUA1, Mito KOKAWA2, Yutaka KITAMURA2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.

2

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas {L} Lam) is a very important food crop in the world. It’s astaple food in many countries and also used as a raw material in many food and animal feedindustries. Sweet potatoes are rich in starch, sugar, minerals and dietary fiber. Some varieties
are rich in colored pigments such as carotene, anthocyanin, and phenolic compounds.
This research aims at developing a sweet potato lacto juice using micro wet milling andlactic acid fermentation; study the effect of various micro wet milling parameters on particle
size, determine the effect of micro wet milling and lactic acid fermentation on biochemical
characteristics of the lacto juice and later consumer acceptability of the juice will be
determined using sensory analysis.
The sweet potato roots will be washed and cut into small pieces, steamed at 90-1000C for
15 minutes. A sweet potato slurry will be made by using a mixer and micro wet millingsystem. A saccharification enzyme will then be used to saccharify the sweet potato slurry toconvert starch to sugar before fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation using Lactobacillus
pentosus will then be done at 300C for 48 hours. Biochemical characteristics; titratable acidity,
total soluble solids, total sugar, pH, lactic acid, will then be analyzed.
It’s expected that this research will benefit farmers, sweet potato processors, andconsumers. Farmers will benefit from the reduction of postharvest losses; processors will
benefit by having a new product thus increasing the variety of products they can process while
consumers will benefit by having a more convenient nutritious and sensory juice.

85

The Processing of Mulberry Powder by Use of Micro Wet Milling System
and Spray Drying Technology
Youmei WANG1 and Yutaka KITAMURA2
1
Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, university of Tsukuba, Japan
Background
Mulberry belongs to the Moraceae family. It is widely distributed in Asia and well-known on
its significantly nutritional qualities such as polyphenols and anthocyanin. Due to its fragile
structure in the storage, it is usually processed as freezing food or dry product as fruit powder.
In the other hand, the roots and seeds of mulberry are difficult to remove, so in this study,
Micro Wet Milling System (MWM) which can degrade material into smaller particles bystone milling is used in order to keep full nutrition. And Spray Drying (SD) which can
produce dry powder from liquid by rapidly drying with hot gas is used to produce the wholemulberry powder due to its benefits of high performance and low residence time.
Objectives
The milling characteristics of mulberry are investigated for the processing of the wholemulberry powder with MWM system. The spray drying characteristics of mulberry are
investigated for evaluating the physical and functional properties of the whole mulberry
powder and providing a positive effect on portable healthy lifestyle.
Materials and Methods
The harvested mulberries (Shimane-ken,2014) are stored in a freezer and thawed in the use
for the further experiment. Milling characteristics: The effects of mixing time for the mixer
and the feeding rate for MWM system on the particle size of degraded mulberry aredemonstrated. Particle size and its size distribution is determined by a laser diffraction particle
size analyzer (SALD-2200). Glass transition temp(Tg) is determined by a Differential
Scanning Calorimeter (DSC-60).Water activity: Measurement of water activity is carried out
using a water activity meter. Color characteristics: the color of whole mulberry powder isdetermined by Colorimeter.
Expected Results
Micro Wet Milling System (MWM) can degrade material into smaller particles by stone
milling is used in order to keep full nutrition. And Spray Drying (SD) can produce dry powder
from liquid by rapidly drying with hot gas is used to produce the whole mulberry powder due
to its benefits of high performance and low residence time.

86

Spray Drying of Tomato Fruit Towards the Production of an Edible Vaccine
Against Influenza
Sakkrapong WANNAWATTANA1, Yutaka KITAMURA2, Mito KOKAWA2,and Michiyuki ONO2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
2
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Vaccination is the most effective way for preventing infectious diseases such as
Influenza. Traditional injectable vaccines are less effective against infection at mucosal
surfaces because of poor inducers of mucosal immunity. Moreover, it costs very expensive in
production and has some risk of infection because of using syringes and needles.
Plant-derived edible vaccine is expected to get rid of those problems by using virus-likeparticles (VLPs), which survive through the severe conditions in the digestive tract, as acarrier molecule for foreign antigenic epitopes and stimulate both mucosal and systemic
immunity by inducing antibodies in the intestinal fluid. We are attempting to produce edible
vaccine bearing the extracellular domain of influenza A virus matrix protein 2 (M2e) on
human Hepatitis E virus-like particle by transformation of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum cv.
Micro-Tom. Nevertheless, the cold chain process is still required to preserve quality andquantity of recombinant protein particles, therefore undesirable for storage. Spray drying,
involves in evaporating moisture component from slurry or liquid solution and making
powder by rapidly drying with a hot air, is one of the most well-known technology commonlyused in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
The purpose of this work was to develop a stable dry powder formulation containing
VLPs expressed in tomato fruit. However, a protocol of spray drying in this tomato cultivar isstill unexplored. Thus, we firstly use non-transformant tomato as the material in our study.
Tomato is milled by Micro Wet Milling (MWM) to reduce particle size not to clog in thenozzle pore. Tomato slurry derived from MWM will be added with several kinds and ratio of
excipients before pilot-scale spray drying. Spray-dried tomato powder will be determined byvarious parameters such as yield, glass transition temperature (Tg), and moisture content inorder to select the appropriate drying profile to obtain a robust formula of a dry product. If
succeed, we will try to apply those formula in spray drying of VLPs expressed tomato. Then,measure the antigenicity by Western blot analysis to confirm the potential of using spraydrying process in the production of edible vaccine.

87Investigation of Interparticle Force between Silica Particles
Covered with Lysozymes by Yield Stress Measurement
Atsushi YAMAGUCHI1 and Motoyoshi KOBAYASHI2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Yield stress (Pa)Transport of colloidal particles such as clays, humic substances, and proteins affects
sustainability of agriculture and conservation of environments since colloidal particles inenvironments work as carrier of nutrients, agrichemicals, pollutants, and so on. Theinterparticle force affects the transport and rheological behaviors of suspension of colloidal
particles through their aggregation-dispersion. In a suspension with a variety of particles,
small particles adsorb to large particles. As a result, the surface of large particles becomes
heterogeneous and surface properties are also changed. Thus, the mechanisms of interparticle
force between large particles covered with small particles are complicated and not fully
understood.
For better understanding of the mechanisms of interparticle force in suspension witha variety of particles, we chose the model system composed of silica particles with 302 nm indiameter and lysozymes (LSZ). Silica particles are negatively charged at experimental
conditions (pH 5 and 7). LSZ is a positively charged protein with a size of 3 nm. We
characterized surface properties of silica by measuring the adsorption mass of LSZ to silica
and the zeta potential of silica covered with LSZs. Moreover, we measured the yield stress of
mixed suspension of silica and LSZ as an indicator of the interparticle force.
The measured yield stress is plotted against the zeta potential in Figure 1. We see thatthe yield stress takes maximum values around isoelectric points, where zeta potential is 0 mV,
at both pH 5 and pH 7. Increasing of magnitude of the zeta potential results in decreasing of
the yield stress. These trends show that the zeta200
pH 7
potential significantly affects the yield stress of
180
pH 5
160
suspension and interparticle forces. Besides, the140
120
maximum yield stresses depend on pH. Additionally,100
yield stresses take different values even if zeta
80
60
potentials are the same. These trends cannot be
40
explained by zeta potential only. We suggest that the20
0
relative adsorption mass, which is defined as the ratio-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30of the adsorption mass to the maximum adsorption
Zeta potential (mV)
mass, is another important parameter governing the Figure 1 Zeta potential vs. yield stress in
10 mM KCl suspension.
interparticle force.

88Gene Polymorphism in Buckwheat Major Allergen, Fag e 2
Mitsuki YAMAUCHI1, Takashi HARA2, Rie SATOH3 and Ryo OHSAWA2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
3
Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, NARO
2

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is one of important crops in East
Asia such as China, Japan, Korea, and so on. The buckwheat is known well as healthy foodbecause of rich functional component like rutin. However, buckwheat is also known to cause
immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis, which is mediated by specific
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies (Tanaka 2002, Sato 2008). First, Satoh et al (2012) analyzed the role ofCys residues in the allergenicity of the 16-kDa protein Fag e 2, one of the major allergens in buckwheat,and by mutational analysis of recombinant Fag e 2, revealed that 7 out of 10 Cys mutants showed weakerIgE binding to patient's serum than wild-type Fag e 2. These report suggested that the gene

polymorphism in Fag e 2 region will reduce or delete the protein, but no report had tried to explore
the gene polymorphism in Fag e 2 region. In this study, we tried to explore the gene
polymorphism in Fag e 2 region within genetic resources of buckwheat in Japan.
Buckwheat is a typical outcrossing plant, so each cultivar includes the several
genotypes. Therefore, we made many self-fertilizing individuals from crossing eight local
varieties and “Kyukei PL4”, which gives self-compatibility to the progeny. That is, all F1
individuals become self-compatible. If we found mutations in Fag e 2 region, we can getprogenies from the individual. To find gene polymorphism in Fag e 2, DNA was extracted
from F1 (n = 237) individuals and PCR was performed with the Fag e 2 specific primer.
These PCR products (632 bp) were sequenced by using BigDye Terminator ver. 3.1 andABI PRISM 3130 Genetic Analyzer. These sequence data was processed by free software
Phred/Phrap/consed and DnaSP in Fag e 2 cording sequence (450 bp).
As the result of sequencing, 34 base substitutions were found on the Fag-e-2 and
17 of them were assumed to cause amino acid substitution as non-synonymous mutation.
Every Cys was not mutated, but considering amino acid hydrophobicity, this gene
polymorphism may induce some conformational change and also affect allergenicity ofFag-e-2 to varying degrees. This result is the first report of Fag e 2 genetic variation inbuckwheat existing varieties. To help breeding non-allergen cultivars, further research isneeded to reveal association between sequence and allergenicity of Fag-e-2.

89

Effects of 1-MCP Treatment on Fuji Apple in 10 Degree Celsius
Abdullah YOUSUFI1, Yoshihiko SEKOZAWA2, Sumiko SUGAYA2
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

2

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is classified as plant growth regulator. It’s acompetitive inhibitor of ethylene action, binds to the ethylene receptors and inhibit ethylene
action. Initially 1-MCP was approved to use on ornamental plants. Apple was the 1st crop forwhich 1-MCP was used commercially in year 2000. The mechanism of 1-MCP action
involves its tight bindings to the ethylene receptors in plants, thereby blocking the effect ofethylene. In apple 1-MCP dramatically inhibit ripening, the extent of this inhibition is related
to; cultivar, temperature, concentration of 1-MCP, and storage environment.
After Fuji fruits were harvested at commercial harvesting stage, from Nagano Fruit
Tree Experiment Station, fruits were transferred to pomology lab, University of Tsukuba.
Injured fruit were removed, then Fruits were divided in to two groups, one group was treatedwith 1ppm, 1-MCP for 24 hours in 59 liter glass desiccator. The 2nd group (control) fruits
were kept at the same conditions in 59 liter glass desiccator for 24 hours without 1-MCP
fumigation. After treatment samples were kept in 100 C chamber for 120 days, in their cartonsas stored in commercial storage. Observations were performed every 30 days, the data
recorded for Firmness, TSS, TA, Ethylene production and respiration rate is the mean of 4
samples, data recorded for weight loss and color value is the mean of 10 samples calculated ineach observation. The objective of this study was to know the response of Fuji apple to
1-MCP in 10oC.
Firmness, TSS, and TA of 1-MCP treated fruits were higher than control throughout
the storage period. However, no difference has been observed in weight loss and hue angle
between 1-MCP treated fruits and control. 1-MCP has kept the respiration rate of apple fruits
lower than control. Ethylene production rate showed intense increase on day 30 and 60 incontrol fruit while the ethylene production rate of 1-MCP treated fruit were maintained low. It
is mentionable that the occurrence of superficial scald was lower in 1-MCP treated fruits. To
know the effects of 1-MCP on apple in room temperatures more detailed studies have to be
conducted.

90Formulation and Characterization of Highly-concentrated Maslinic Acid
Nanodispersions Stabilized by Different Homogenization Pressures
Wang YUXIN1, Nauman KHALID1,2, Satoshi FUKUMITSU3, Yuki YAMAUCHI3, Marcos
A. NEVES1,2, Hiroko ISODA1,2, Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA1,2*
1

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
3
Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd. Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan

2

Maslinic acid, also known as crategolic acid or (2α,3β)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28oic acid, is a pentacyclic triterpene widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Several
nutraceutical properties have been attributed to maslinic acid (MA), like antitumor, antidiabetic,
antioxidant, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and growth-stimulating properties.
MA is isolated from both plants and fruits especially olives. The solubility of MA in aqueous
solutions is quite poor, and this problem limit the bioavailability as well. Emulsions andnanodispersions have ability to increase the solubility of lipophilic bioactives. The present study
was conducted to increase the solubility of MA in different nanodispersions and to evaluate theMA concentration in formulated nanodispersions.
MA powder was supplied by Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd. Japan. The extraction of MA
from powder (0.5% (w/w)) was conducted using 99.5% ethanol for a period of 24 h. Later, theMA was extracted using table centrifugation at 12,000 rpm for 40 min and the solid residue wasseparated using 0.45 m syringe filter. The supernatant was again filtered with 0.45 m filter
before conducting emulsification. The continuous phase of nanodispersions include either 0.1%(w/w) Tween 80, polyglycerol esters of monooleate (MO-7S) or sodium casinate (Na-casinate)in Milli Q water. The nanodispersions were formulated using 10% volume fraction of ethanolic
solution of MA powder and later homogenized using high-pressure homogenization(NanoVater, NV200, Japan) at 10-150 MPa in 2 cycles. Later, the ethanol was removed fromnanodisersions using vaccum rotary evaporator at 40oC for 30 min. The droplet diameter (dav)
was measured by Zetasizer nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd. UK), and the concentration of
MA in nanodispersions were determined using Ultra-pure High Pressure Liquid
Chromatography (UHPLC) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA).
The results showed the dav of nanodispersions formulated at different homogenizationpressures ranged between 60 to 85 nm when formulated with Tween 80 and MO-7S, while thenanodispersions formulated with Na-casinate have larger dav and varied between 60 to 200 nm
with increasing homogenization pressures. The nanodispersions stabilized by Tween 80
retained about 0.25 to 0.38 mg/mL MA with different homogenization pressures. The MA
concentration ranged between 0.15 to 0.36 mg/mL when stabilized with MO-7S. The
nanodispersions showed physical stability of more than 10 days at 25oC and showed higher
stability when stored at 4oC. The optimized formulation conditions include low homogenizationpressures between 30 to 50 MPa with retention of MA between 0.35 to 0.38 mg/mL. However, theemulsifiers had almost no significant effect on retention profiles other than droplet sizes.

Acknowledgments

This research was partially supported by the Center of Innovation (COI) Program from MEXT,
Japan and by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS) from JICA/JST, Japan.

91

Semi-continuous Anaerobic Digestion with Ammonia-rich Substrate underIntermittent Illumination Condition
Nan ZHANG1, Mishma Silvia STANISLAUS1, Chenyu ZHAO1 and Yingnan YANG2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Along with the development of world population, the demand for meat products has risen
drastically. The accumulation of livestock waste constitutes a growing problem. Anaerobic digestion isconsidered to be a promising process to deal with the livestock waste, since both pollution control andenergy recovery can be achieved by the process. However, even though ammonia is an essential

nutrient for bacterial growth, at higher concentrations it acts as a strong inhibitor of methane
production during anaerobic process. Although most conventional anaerobic digestors areoperated under dark conditions, the use of fixed-bed anaerobic digestors operated underthermophilic light conditions has been studied. It has been reported that optimal illumination
time on a thermophilic anaerobic reactor plays an important role in activating methanogens.
There has been few reports on methane production through anaerobic digestion underillumination, especially regarding high ammonium concentration conditions. In our previous
study, the intermittent illumination method proved to be efficient in mitigating ammonia
inhibition with batch operation. Therefore, a long-term semi-continuous anaerobic digestion
with illuminated system under ammonium-rich condition was carried out under thermophilic
condition to discuss the practical effect of intermittent illumination on mitigating ammonia
inhibition.
In this experiment, a long-term 118-day semi-continuous anaerobic digestion with
illuminated system was carried out under thermophilic condition (55 °C) by using ammoniumrich synthetic medium as substrate at nitrogen concentrations of 3000 mg/L. The bioreactors
were illuminated for 60 minutes per day followed by treatment under dark conditions. After
start-up, the bioreactors were fed with synthetic medium at different organic loading rate (OLR)
and hydraulic retention time (HRT). During the semi-contiuous operation, the illuminatedbioreactor achived shorter start-up period, apparently higher methane concentration and higher
methane yield than that of the dark bioreactor.The illuminated system successfully provided amuch easier condition for the microorganisms to tolerate the severe high ammonium byadsorbing ammonium efficiently and maintaining more optimal C/N ratio. The ATP value ofthe corresponding bioreactors indicated that illuminated system improved the activity of themethanogens even with high ammonium concentration. SEM analysis revealed that illuminatedsystem improved the immobilization ability of the methanogens during the long-term operation.
The result indicated that the illuminated system contributed to high efficiency and stability of
the ammonia-rich anaerobic digestion process with long-term operation. An eco-friendly, lowcost, easy operation process for high ammonium livestock waste treatment could be useful forpractical application.

92

Optimization of the Fixed-bed Reactor by Identifying the Optimal Bedding
Material and Substrate Concentration
Chenyu ZHAO1, Nan ZHANG1, Mishma Silvia STANISLAUS1 and Yingnan YANG2
1
2

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Over the last few decades, the rising global warming and crisis of fossil fuels have increased
the usage of alternate sources of energy. Hydrogen gas is a clean alternative energy carrier due
to its high energy content and it generates only water vapor as byproduct; thus, hydrogen is anenvironmental friendly, combustible source of energy. Biological hydrogen production fromanaerobic digestion process attracts more attention because it generates high rate of hydrogen,simple reactor as well as easy to control. On the other hand, conventional fixed-bed was usedin methane fermentation, which improved the efficiency of anaerobic digestion effectively by
improving the immobilization of bacteria. However, the research about the usage of fixed-bed
in the hydrogen fermentation is limited. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is
optimization of the fixed-bed reactor by identifying the optimal bedding material and different
initial substrate concentration for enhanced biohydrogen production.
Fermentation was carried out at pH 5 and 35 °C under anaerobic conditions. Firstly, theeffect of the fixed-bed bioreactor in hydrogen fermentation was investigated, as well as the
optimal bedding material. Three different materials including loofah sponge (LS), chlorinatedpolyethylene (CPE) and porous nylon (PN) were selected as bedding materials. The highest
cumulative hydrogen production of 676.4 mL/L was achieved from CPE fixed-bed bioreactor,
which is 4 times higher than the LS (161.6 mL/L), 9 times than the PN (71.8 mL/L) and 65
times than the control (10.4 mL/L). The results showed that fixed-bed bioreactor improved thebiohydrogen production compared with bioreactor without fixed-bed. Different bedding
materials showed different performance, and CPE was obtained as optimal bedding material.
After that, in order to study the effect of the initial substrate concentration, three different
substrate concentrations of 3 g/L, 5 g/L and 7 g/L were investigated in the bioreactors. In all of
the fixed-bed bioreactors, when the initial substrate concentration increased, the performance
was better, with 7g/L achieving the highest production. Conclusively, fixed-bed reactors
demonstrated positive results with regards to hydrogen production and immobilization ofbacteria. Therefore, fixed-bed reactors have prospects over conventional reactors in the future.

93

Development of a Novel Zeolite Absorbent Modified by Shell to Improve
Methane Production
Takanori HIRANUMA1, Nan ZHANG2 and Yingnan YANG3
1

College of Agrobiological Resources Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2

Anaerobic digestion is usually considered as a promising option for the treatment of
livestock waste because it not only solves the problem of waste contamination gas emission,
but also helps in obtaining energy, economic and social benefit. However, anaerobic digestionof ammonia-rich livestock waste is seriously inhibited by the ammonia generated during thebiodegradation of organic nitrogenous compounds such as proteins, nucleic acid and aminoacids. To mitigate ammonia inhibition, adding ammonium-selective adsorbents like zeolite
could be the most attractive and practical method because of easy operation, cost-efficient, andthe ammonium-saturated adsorbents can be further used as nitrogen fertilizer. But theabsorbents need to be further modified to enhance its adsorption capacity and improve its
structure for immobilization of microorganisms. Therefore, this study focuses on developmentof modified zeolite as ammonium absorbent and bed material in anaerobic digestion ofammonium-rich livestock waste.
In this research, natural zeolite was modified using shell, lignite and starch. Shell is a major
food waste, widely distributed and rich in calcium, which is an important ion to improve ion
exchange. Lignite and starch have also shown distinguished properties for ammonium
adsorption from previous experiments. Therefore, these materials were chosen for modifying
the zeolite.
Adsorption experiment was carried out at room temperature by using ammonium nitrogensolution (4000 mg/L). Contact times ranged from 0 to 24 h with 10 g/L of natural zeolite andmodified zeolite immersed in that solution. After 24 h, ammonia concentration was measured,and the ammonia adsorption capacity was determined. As a result, the ammonia adsorption
capacity of modified zeolite was higher than that of natural zeolite. For Ho’s pseudo-secondorder, the correlation coefficient (R2=0.997) was high and no obvious difference occurred
between the experimental (117.235 mg/L) and theoretical adsorbed mass (126.582 mg/L).
The ammonium adsorption by modified zeolite fitted Ho’s pseudo-second-order kinetics, whichsuggested to be a chemical process. Therefore, zeolite modified with shell showed prospects as
an effective adsorbent in ammonia adsorption.

94

Search of Effective Wavelength to Measure Ethanol in Strawberry by
Non-destructive Method Using NIR and MIR Spectroscopy
Yuto ISHIZUMI1, Miho HATANAKA2 and Takuma GENKAWA3
1

College of Agro-biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan.
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
E-mail: genkawa.takuma.fm@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
2

When the strawberry performs anaerobic respiration, the sugar in the strawberry changes toan anaerobic metabolism product and it causes the bad smell. If it is possible to distinguishthe existence of anaerobic respiration in the strawberry by the non-destructive method, it is
the help of study of the quality maintenance technology of the strawberry. The previous study
reported to be able to capture generation of ethanol (main anaerobic metabolism product) inthe strawberry by the destructive and non-destructive measurement using near infrared (NIR)
spectroscopy. In this study, we measured the strawberry during storage for 0–3 days in ananaerobic state by non-destructive method using visible/NIR and mid-infrared (MIR)
spectroscopy. Then, we searched the effective wavelength that could capture ethanol
generation definitely by comparing the result of this non-destructive measurement using
visible/NIR and MIR spectroscopy.
A range of 850–920 nm of the NIR 2nd derivate spectrum of the strawberry during thestorage is discovered. In this range, it is known to observe the 3rd overtone of the C-H group.
The band intensity at 890 nm decrease and the band intensity at 904 nm increase during thestorage. The band at 890 nm is belong to sucrose and the band at 904 nm is belong to ethanol.
Therefore, it is possible to capture changes from sucrose (sugar) to ethanol (anaerobic
metabolism product) by the anaerobic respiration of strawberry. However, a spectrum during
the storage for 1–3 days was piled up and it was not able to obtain a clear change.
A range of 900–850 cm-1 of the MIR 2nd derivate spectrum of the strawberry during thestorage is discovered. In this range, it is known to observe the C-O group. The band intensity
at 877 cm-1 increase during the storage. The band at 877 cm-1 is belong to ethanol. This range
is able to capture ethanol production by the anaerobic respiration of strawberry moredefinitely than NIR range (850–920 nm).
In conclusion, it was believed that the effective wavelength to be able to capture the ethanol
generation in the strawberry definitely was 877 cm-1 of MIR range.

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96

Effect of Combustion Condition on the Amount of Eluted Soluble Silica in
Rice Husk Charcoal
Kazuma IWAI1, Eriko ANKYU2, Ryozo NOGUCHI3 and Takuma GENKAWA3
1

College of Agro-biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2

Rice husk charcoal (RHC) that is by-product of rice husk combustion includes silicon
dioxide abundantly. Currently, heat utilization of rice husk combustion in grain drying
facilities is considered because of development of rice husk combustion furnace. Therefore,
RHC is manufactured as by-product abundantly and expected to be used as soil amendment.
Silicon dioxide changes into silicate acid (soluble silica) in the soil and it is absorbed to plant
body. Soluble silica has an effect to raise the stress tolerance of plant body and to promote
photosynthesis by standing straight the blade of grass. These material recycling in the
agriculture is expected to be establish sustainable agriculture with reducing outside energy
and material utilization. In this research, the amount of soluble silica included in RHC wasmeasured with changing combustion temperature and time to obtain maximum amount ofsoluble silica. Additionally, the mechanism that soluble silica elutes on each combustion
condition was proposed.
RHC as the experiment sample were manufactured on 12 combustion conditions thatmultiplied 6 conditions of combustion temperature from 400°C to 900°C every 100°C and 2
conditions of 3 minutes and 60 minutes of combustion time. The amount of soluble silica wasmeasured by molybdenum blue absorptiometry. In addition, specific surface areas of each
RHC were measured by BET method. Specific surface area shows degree of thecrystallization of silica. In other words, crystallization of silica is restrained when specificsurface area is big, and crystallization of silica progresses when specific surface area is small.
As a result, it was clarified that in 3 minutes combustion, crystallization of silica wasrestrained. It was likely that there was not crystallization of silica in the factor to decideamount of elution of soluble silica. It is considered that much plant fiber were removed under
the condition of high combustion temperature and long combustion time. In 60 minutes
combustion, crystallization of silica progressed because combustion temperature was high.
Therefore, the amount of eluted soluble silica was decreased. As the mechanism of elution ofsoluble silica in RHC, degree of removal of plant fiber and crystallization of silica wereconsidered to be related. It was considered that elution of soluble silica was likely to increase
in RHC that removal of plant fiber was enough and crystallization of silica was restrained.

97Formulation and Characterization of Oil-in-water Emulsions Stabilized byDifferent Types of Carrageenan
Sota MATSUMOTO1, Nauman KHALID2, Marcos A. NEVES3,4, Isao KOBAYASHI4 andMitsutoshi NAKAJIMA2,3,4
1

College of Agro-biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
4
Food Engineering Division, Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
2

Synthetic emulsifiers are commonly used in food industry for production of different
emulsified products. These synthetic emulsifiers at high concentrations, are at risk of humanhealth. It is necessary to substitute the synthetic emulsifiers with natural emulsifiers andcarrageenan is one of the potential candidate. Carrageenan is a kind of food hydrocolloid
extracted from red seaweed and used as thickening or gelling agent in food products. It
consists of sulfated disaccharides, and is roughly classified into 3 types (κ, ι and λ) depending
upon the sulfated site. In the literature, carrageenan had a little interfacial activity, but its roleas emulsifier in food products is limited. Keeping in view, this study was conducted aiming toformulate oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized by different types of carrageenan, and toevaluate its emulsification characteristics.
The continuous phases were prepared by heating 0.25-1.0% (w/w) κ, ι or λ-carrageenan
solutions in Milli-Q water at 65°C for 30 min, and stored at 5°C overnight for complete
hydration. Later, the solutions were heated at 65°C for 30 min and their respective density andinterfacial tension were determined at 25, 50 and 65°C. Soybean oil (volume fraction, 5%(w/w)) was used as a dispersed phase. The mixture was heated at 80oC before homogenization.
Later, the mixture was homogenized with rotor-stator homogenizer at 10000 rpm, for 5 min
followed by high pressure homogenization at 100 MPa for 2 passes at ambient temperature.
The emulsions were stored at room temperature for 10 days and the droplet sizes (dav) were
measured by Laser Scattering Diffraction method for 10 days.
The interfacial tension of each carrageenan solution decreased with increasing temperature.
The lowest interfacial tension was recorded at 65°C. The interfacial tension of κ-carrageenan
decreased with increasing concentration, however the interfacial tension increased withincreasing concentration of ι-carrageenan. There was almost no change in interfacial tensionof λ-carrageenan with increasing concentration from 0.25 to 1.0% (w/w). The dav of 1% (w/w)
different carrageenan emulsions were slightly increased with storage time. However, different
types and concentrations showed different physical stability profile. The O/W emulsions
phase separated after 3 days when stabilized with 0.5% (w/w) carrageenan solutions, with dav
increased from 15 to 30 μm. The O/W emulsions partially phase separated when stabilizedwith 1.0% (w/w) carrageenan solutions. The O/W emulsions were relatively stable when
formulated with ι-carrageenan probably due to viscosity difference.

98Effect of Plant Hormones on Spikelet Sterility of Riceat High Temperatures
Takahiro MITSUI1 and Sachio MARUYAMA2
1
2

College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is sensitive to high temperature stress at reproductive stage. Heat
stress at booting stage increases spikelet sterility and reduces grain yield. In barley, plant
hormones alleviate spikelet sterility at high temperatures, but the effect has not been
confirmed in rice. We thus examined whether plant hormones could reduce spikelet sterility ofrice at high temperatures or not.
A high-temperature tolerant rice cultivar, Akitakomachi, and a high-temperaturesusceptible cultivar, Hinohikari, were transplanted in 1⁄10000 a pots filled with soil in aplastic house at Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba. Auxin or

jasmonic acid (0, 10�6 , 10�5 , 10�4 M) were splayed 4 times at panicle development stage,then a half of the plants were moved to a growth chamber at 37⁄25℃ (day⁄night )(high-temperature treatment) at booting stage (from 12 to 7 days before heading). The rest of
the plants were placed in an artificial climate room at 25⁄25℃ (day⁄night) during thetreatment to serve as controls. After the treatment, the plants were back to the plastic house,
and grown until maturity.
As a result, plant hormones hardly affected the number of spikelets in both cultivars
treated with high-temperature. Plant hormones reduced spikelet sterility of the plants with thehigh-temperature treatment, except Hinohikari treated with 10�4 M auxin. The results
suggest that plant hormones alleviate spikelet sterility at high temperatures, although thealleviation effect is different among cultivars, hormones and their concentrations. In addition,
plant hormones even reduced spikelet sterility in the control plants grown at normal
temperature of 25℃. The results indicate that plant hormones could increase grain yield at
optimum temperatures. It is necessary that the further investigations on the effects of plant
hormones. Specifically, the effects on other cultivars, wider range of concentrations andseveral plant hormons treated together.

99

Comparing the Water Splitting Efficiency by Using Different Temperatureof Hydrothermal Synthesis of Photocatalytic Composite under Solar Light
Daichi NAGAI1, Qi ZHU2, Hangxing SHEN2 and Yingnan YANG2
1
2

College of Agro-biological Resource Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanThe growing demand for energy in today’s world has been met with a massive exploitationof fossil fuels which resulted in the increase of pollutants emission. This state of affairs
requires the development of alternative and environmentally friendly energy sources.
Hydrogen is one of the promising clean energy sources to address the energy andenvironmental issues. Photocatalytic water splitting under solar light has been extensively
studied as an effective and clean way to obtain hydrogen. For efficiently utilizing the sunlight,a photocatalyst must be responsive to visible light, which makes up the major part of the solar
spectrum. Unfortunately, most of the photocatalysts have a wide band gap which makes them
only absorb the ultraviolet part of the sunlight spectrum. According to our previous study,
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst has been successfully synthesized by usinghydrothermal method with small band gap (about 2.2 eV) and high separation efficiency ofphoto-excited electron-hole pairs, which could attribute to its enhanced photocatalytic
performance. However, the efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting under solar light byusing P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 has not been completely investigated.
In this study, the efficiency of H2 and O2 production through photocatalytic water splittingby using P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 photocatalyst which prepared at different calcination
temperature, 120Ԩ and 140Ԩ were investigated. Rhodamine B and glycerol were used as
sacrificial agent for increasing the H2 and O2 production.
From the results, water splitting under solar light was achieved and
P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 calcined at 120Ԩ shows higher activity than 140Ԩ. The 120Ԩ
of hydrothermal synthesis of P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2 could be a promising material forhydrogen production.

100Development and Characterization of Gluten-free Breadby Rice Gel and Rice Milk
Asuka NAKANO1, Yutaka KITAMURA2 and Mito KOKAWA2
1
2

College of Agrobiological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

In recent years, new sources of demand rice has been attracting attention in Japan for several
reasons: 1) the grain prices are rising on a global scale due to increasing in the grain demand,2) the improvement of food self-sufficiency rate is an urgent issue in Japan because it isparticularly low among developed countries, and 3) there are many patients in the world who
have wheat or gluten allergy (celiac disease). To solve the problems above, making bread fromrice without using wheat has been proposed. However, making rice flour bread has many
problems such as low bulge, short shelf life, bad texture and high price. Furthermore, theproduction of rice flour bread came to a peak in 2011, and then decreased.
For these reasons, we thought that rice flour bread needed an introduction of new processing
methods in place of the rice flour. Although there are multiple forms of processed rice, thisexperiment focused on two of them, rice gel and rice milk. Rice gel is a gel-like food material,
which is made by shearing cooked rice at high speed. The advantages of using rice gel are that
it is possible to reduce the cost because it uses high-amylose rice and that its addition to rice
flour bread prevents the hardening of the bread compared with that of only rice flour. Rice milk
is a very simple and nutritious liquid food material produced from brown rice and water. The
advantages of using rice milk are that it is excellent in operability due to its liquid form and thatit can be expected to reduce both starch damage and cost by an abbreviation of the drying
process.
In this study, experiments were conducted by focusing on the water content, which is an
important factor in bread. The objectives of this study were to develop and find the optimal
production conditions for a gluten-free bread made from rice gel and rice milk.
Rice gel was prepared by high-speed shear treatment of gelatinized high-amylose rice. Ricemilk was prepared by using the MWM (micro wet milling), which is a machine that mills
materials with liquid. The bread was made by an automatic bread machine. After baking, thebread loaf height and specific volume were measured, and a cross-sectional photograph wastaken. In addition, the texture of the samples after 1 to 3 days was measured.
This study is expected to be effective in improving the quality of bread made from rice byusing other rice processed goods instead of rice flour, and be one of the new consumption formsof rice.

101Diffusion Simulation of Free Silicic Acidfrom the Rice Husk Combustion Furnace
Kai SAKURAI1, Eriko ANKYU 2 and Ryozo NOGUCHI3
1

College of Agro-biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2

Rice production is 8.5 million ton in Japan. Rice includes 20% of rice husk. 20% of ricehusk is not used due to difficulty of decompose structure. Therefore, usage of unused ricehusk is expected. Biomass combustion furnace is one of the way to use rice husk. Rice husk
charcoal made by combustion furnace is possible to be used as fertilizer. Combustion processtransforms silica included in rice husk into free silicic acid. It has been reported that inhalingof free silicic acid in long term causes lung disease. Japan Society for Occupational Health set
permissible concentration of free silicic acid. It is necessary for installation of combustion
furnace to simulate diffusion. The purpose of this study is risk assessment of rice husk
combustion furnace.
Two basic simulation model called plume model and puff model were used. Thesemodels used to simulate diffusion in the atmosphere. Plume model is applicable whenemission rate is constant. Puff model is applicable when emission rate change temporarily.
Simulation model required some parameters; stack height, wind speed, atmospheric stability
parameter and velocity of emission. Assumed parameters were 2 m stack height, 3.5 m/s windspeed, three types of atmospheric stability parameter (stable, mean, unstable), 2.4 m3/s
velocity of emission, 0.03 mg/m3 permissible concentration.
Result shows that free silicic acid diffused beyond permissible concentration reached up
to 125 m from source. In this case, location to install combustion furnace was desired 125 m
away from living environment. Concentration was influenced by atmospheric stability andstack height. In the case of that emission rate change temporarily, free silicic acid diffused
beyond permission concentration was maximum 5 second. Farther from the source, exposure
time is short, however the concentration was lower than the permissible concentration. Itshows that to change emission rate temporarily is small influence. It is possible to reduce
concentration by increasing stack height. It is considered to be more accurate result by adding
weight of the particles in the simulation.

102

Effects of Protein Addition on Lactic Acid Fermentation of Rice Milk
Rei TAKAHASHI1, Yutaka KITAMURA2 and Mito KOKAWA2
1

College of Agrobiological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba
2Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba
Rice milk is a new liquid food material made from brown rice by wet milling. Rice milk has
higher operability than rice flour, so it can be processed into foods that rice flour cannot be, forexample, ice cream, pudding and drinks. In addition, there is less damaged starch compared toconventional milling, and nutrients such as vitamins are retained because frictional heat is not
generated during the process. Lactic acid fermentation is the reaction where glucose changes
into lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria, and is expected to be a new method of a processing ricemilk. It has some advantages such as the 2improvement of safety and storage stability of ricemilk because the pH value is decreased by the lactic acid bacterium. Additionally, lactic acidfermentation can add functions of probiotics to the rice milk, for example, functions ofregulating the intestine, improvement of the immune system and suppression of cancer.
In this study, we aimed to produce a yogurt-like food made from rice milk. The principle ofyogurt congelation is that the pH value is decreased due to the production of lactic acid, and theprotein in milk is denatured (this is called acid coagulation). However, rice milk contains a
lot of starch and less protein, and consequently, coagulation of protein does not occur. Therefore,
we thought that protein addition would be effective to introduce acid coagulation. The purposeof this study is to determine the effects of protein addition on lactic fermentation andcharacteristics of congelation.
The materials used were brown rice and rice protein. Both materials were milled by micro-wet
milling (MWM) using an improved electric stone mill. Before lactic fermentation, brown rice
went through a saccharification process. The milled brown rice and rice protein were named
rice milk and rice protein milk. Mixed milk was also made by changing the ratio of two kindsof milk. The protein contents of the milk samples were measured before fermentation. After
fermentation, pH value, lactic acid content, glucose content and viscosity were measured.
From this study, we were able to show the potential of a yogurt-like food made from rice.

103

Evaluation of Wet Aging Effects on Breaking Strength, Water Holding
Capacity and Flavor Component of Beef from Three Parts
Eri TAKAI 1, Yutaka KITAMURA 2, Mito KOKAWA 212

College of Agrobiological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba

In Japan, approximately 500,000t of domestic beef is produced in one year. Roughly 30%(150,000t) of the beef are from dairy cattle, of which 100,000t are from steer dairy cattle. Mostof the male dairy cattle, excluding some candidates for seed bull, are fattened after castrationand shipped for human consumption. In comparison with Japanese cattle (wagyu), dairy cattle
are cheap, and their meat tends to contain less fat and to be tough. On the other hand, meat
aging is practiced to improve flavor and texture of beef. Previous research have shown thatsome muscles tend to be improved more effectively than others by aging because hardness andfat content vary greatly between different muscles. Therefore, some muscle may have little
advantage of long time aging. For the reasons stated above, it is necessary to improve thetenderness of meat from dairy cattle by aging and to examine the aptitude of different muscle
for aging.
The objective of this study was to examine the aging aptitude of three muscles (Longissimus
dorsi, Psoas major, Semitendinosus) from Holstein steer meat, by measuring breaking strength,water holding capacity and flavor component during aging. The three muscles used as samples
were all different in items of hardness and fat content. The muscles which had the highest fat
content was longissimus dorsi, followed in order by Psoas major and semitendinosus andtenderness was in the same order. The three parameters measured were indices for assessing theextent of improvement of meat quality by aging. Firstly, the load, which is the breaking strengthof the cooked meat when bitten with the front teeth, was measured by the Warner-Bratzler
method. Secondly, the amount of water held by the meat when subjected to centrifugal force
were measured, and was defined as water holding capacity. These two values indicated thetenderness and juiciness of the meat. Thus, the effect of aging on the three muscles wasobserved by measuring them. Moreover, it was reported that marbling and method of packing
the meat affected on flavor component. In this work, flavor component of the three muscles
were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Aptitude of the threemuscles for aging ware examined by judging if the components obtained were favorable or not.

104

Non-Destructive Analysis of Lutein in Spinach
Using Raman Spectroscopy
Masato TANAKA,1 Risa HARA,2 Takuma GENKAWA3
1

College of Agro-biological Resource Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
Tsukuba, Japan
3
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
2

Lutein; it is mainly included in leaf vegetables, is one of the carotenoids. Due tocommercial reason, easily and speedy inspecting method for check the lutein content in the
spinach is required. In prior work, spectra of carrot were observed by Raman spectrometerfor laboratory use, it succeeded in analyzing of peaks assigned to carotenoids. First
objective of the present work was to analyze lutein and carotenoids included in spinachusing Raman spectroscopy, especially portable Raman Spectrometer. Second objective wasto confirm portable Raman spectrometer has enough performance to analyze carotenoids bycomparing present and prior work.
Eighteen leaves of fresh spinach were used as a sample. About leaf blade andpetiole, 3 points each of both surfaces of a leaf were analyzed by Raman spectrometer. 108
spectra were counted as average for leaf blade and petiole. As a result, intense bands areobserved at 1520 cm-1 (C=C str.) and 1156 cm-1 (C-C str.), and a relatively intense band isobserved at 1004 cm-1 on the spectra of the leaf blade. On the other hand, there was nointense band on the spectrum of the petiole. It was reported that content of lutein in spinach
is high in the leaf blade, low in the petiole. For this reason, there were some intense bands
in the leaf blade, but not in the petiole. Spectra of leaf blade shows similar wave pattern to
one of the previous research. Therefore, it was confirmed that portable Raman spectrometerhas enough performance to analyze carotenoids.

105

・Organizing Committee
・Executive Committee

Organizing Committee
Chairperson:
Yooichi KAINOH
Secretary-General:
Ryozo NOGUCHI

Director, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT
Associate Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UTMembers:(Biosphere Resource Science and Technology)
Ryo OHSAWA
Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
DeMar TAYLOR
Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTYuichi YAMAOKA
Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Seungwon KANG
Associate Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT(Appropriate Technology and Sciences for Sustainable Development)
Toshiharu ENOMAE
Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTMotoyoshi KOBAYASHI
Associate Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Hisato SHUTO
Associate Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Associate Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Tofael AHAMED
Takuma GENKAWA
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTMarcos NEVES
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT(Bioindustrial Sciences)
Yingnan YANG
Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT
Nakao NOMURA
Associate Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT(Laboratory School)
Yoshikazu TATEMOTO
Teacher, Senior High School at Sakado, UT(Agricultural and Forestry Research Center)
Tomohiro TAKIGAWA
Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UTAtsushi TAJIMA
Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UTYoshihiko TSUMURA
Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT
Hisayoshi HAYASHI
Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT
Naoya FUKUDA
Associate Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UTAtsushi ASANO
Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT
Naoto ISHIKAWA
Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT
Morio KATO
Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT
Seishi KADOWAKI
Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UTYoshihiko SEKOZAWA
Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT(JICA)
Takao SHIBUSAWA
Deputy Director General, Tsukuba International Center,
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)(JIRCAS)
Kunimasa KAWABE
Head of International Relations Section,
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)(As of Sep.1, 2016)

109

Executive Committee
Chairperson:
Yooichi KAINOH

Director, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UTMembers:
Atsushi TAJIMA

Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

DeMar TAYLOR

Professor, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, UT

Seungwon KANG

Associate Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Ryozo NOGUCHI

Associate Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UTAtsushi ASANO

Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Morio KATO

Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Tsuyoshi HONMA

Senior Technical Official, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Mizuki MATSUOKA

Chief Technical Official, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Shoichi HIROSE

Associate Head, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Masami SAKAMOTO

Chief, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Tomoko KONDO

Staff, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT

Taeko MORI

Staff, Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, UT（As of Sept.1, 2016）110

・筑波アジア農業教育セミナー及び
Ag-ESDシンポジウムの沿革
・Ag-ESDシンポジウム2016/TGSW2016の
概要
・Ag-ESDシンポジウム2016/TGSW2016の日程表

筑波アジア農業教育セミナー及びAg-ESDシンポジウムの沿革
筑波大学農林技術センターは、1979年にユネスコから、その主事業の一つであるAPEID(The Asia-Pacific
Programme of Educational Innovation for Development)の協同センター（Associated Center）として指名され、以来、日本ユネスコ国内委員会との共催により、「筑波アジア農業教育セミナー」（TASAE：Tsukuba
Asian Seminar on Agricultural Education）を関係部局との協力のもとに毎年開催してきた。
「筑波アジア農業教育セミナー（TASAE）」の目的は、筑波大学の農業教育活動の一環として、アジア諸国の農業教育および農業研究に従事する専門家を我が国に招聘し、我が国の専門家を交えて各国の実情と問題点を比較検討し、この分野での我が国の教育水準を向上させ、併せてアジア地域の農業教育および農業研究の国際協力推進に寄与することであった。
APEID事業の第２期である1979年から1981年までの３年間は、「中等段階（Secondary Level）の農業教育問題」に焦点が置かれてきた。各年の開催テーマは、以下のとおりである。
1979年 アジア地域の中等段階農業教育の現状と問題点
1980年 アジア地域の中等段階農業教育における実験と圃場実習の重要性－主として、カリキュラム開発について－
1981年 アジア地域の中等段階農業教育における教授法－主として、稲作について－
APEID事業の第３期としての1982年から1986年までの５年間は、前期の総括を受けて、アジア地域の農業
教育革新の必要性を、単に中等教育のみでなく、初等教育から高等教育に至るまでの全段階において考慮・検討することとした。そこで、APEID事業の第３期における統一テーマは、「アジア地域における農業教育
革新のための戦略」とし、農林学、農林工学、応用生物化学といった具体的観点から、農業教育革新への技術的アプローチを行った。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
1982年 アジア諸国の農業の現状と開発計画および教育の役割（序論）1983年 アジア諸国の作物生産における技術革新上の問題点（農学からのアプローチ）
1984年 生産性向上のための農業工業分野における技術革新 －主として穀類の調製・貯蔵技術について（農業工学からのアプローチ）
1985年 アジア諸国における農村地域開発のためのバイオマスとバイオテクノロジーの有効利用（応用生物化学からのアプローチ）
1986年 アジア諸国における農業発展のための農業教育 －事例と展望（総括）なお、1985年のTASAEでは、期間中にサテライトシンポジウム「アジア諸国における農村開発のためのバイオマスとバイオテクノロジーの有効利用」を開催し、また1986年のTASAEでは、ジョイントシンポジウム「アジア各国における農業の研究と教育 －21世紀をめざして」を熱帯特プロとの共催で開催した。
APEID事業の第４期、1987年から1991年までの５年間は、アジア太平洋地域各国において、森林や内水面を含む自然並びに農業生態系との調和のもとに農業生産性の向上を図るために必要な、農業の教育と研究の在り方について考慮・検討した。すなわち、APEID事業の第４期における統一テーマは、「アジア太平洋地域における自然並びに農業生態系を保全しながら農業生産性を高めるための教育と研究」とし、自然並
びに農業生態系の保全と有効利用に焦点を合わせたセミナーを開催した。各年のテーマは、以下のとおり
である。

113

1987年 アジア各国における自然並びに農業生態系を保全しながら農業生産性を高めるための教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1988年 アジア各国における森林の有効利用と保全のための教育と研究に関する現状、問題点
並びに展望
1989年 アジア各国における内水面の有効利用と保全に関する教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1990年 アジア各国における耕地、水の有効利用と保全並びに農薬、化学肥料の適正利用に関する教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1991年 アジア各国における農業教育と環境教育の結合に関する現状、問題点並びに展望
APEID事業の第５期である1992年から1996年までの５年間は、統一テーマを「アジア・太平洋地域における持続的な農業発展と環境保全のための教育と研究」とし、本期の重点課題や強調点としてうたわれている環境問題と人材養成の２点を念頭に置き、アジア各国における持続的な農業発展と環境保全のための教育と研究の在り方について討議を深めた。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
1992年 アジア各国における農業生産からみた問題土壌とその対応に関する現状、問題点並びに展望
1993年 アジア各国における持続的な家畜生産のための教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1994年 アジア・太平洋地域における持続的農業発展と環境保全のための森林・林業の教育・研究の現状と課題
1995年 アジア諸国における持続的な農業発展のための植物育種と遺伝資源に関する教育と研究の現状、問題点並びに展望
1996年 アジア諸国における持続的な農業発展のための農業技術教育の現状と問題点並びに
展望
APEID事業の第６期、1997年から2001年までの５年間は、統一テーマを「アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新のための戦略」とし、アジア各国における持続的な農業発展と環境保全のための職業教
育革新について討議を深めた。なお、1989年から期間中において、サテライトシンポジウムを毎年開催した。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
1997年 アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新の現状と展望
1998年 アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新のための生物資源利用教育の現状と展望
1999年 アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新のための地域情報利用教育の現状と展望
2000年 アジア・太平洋地域における農業・環境教育革新のための体験的教育の現状と展望：
農業・環境教育の改善に対する大学の役割
2001年 アジア・太平洋地域における参加型アプローチを通じた持続的地域資源管理および環境保全
APEID事業の第７期、2002年から2007年までの６年間は、統一テーマを「持続的発展を前提とした生存・生産環境創成のための水資源利用・保全技術開発と農林業教育の役割」とし、アジア･太平洋州諸国が抱える水資源の問題を分析し、新たな水環境の創生のために農林業教育が果たすべき役割について討議を深めた。各年のテーマは、以下のとおりである。
2002年 水資源の涵養と水災害などに関わる現状把握および農林業教育が果たすべき役割
2003年 人類生存・食料生産に関わる水資源の需要・分配と農林業教育が果たすべき役割

114

2004年 生存・生産活動と連動した水資源の量的確保に関わる現状把握、効率的利用を図るための技術動向および農林業教育が果たすべき役割
2005年 人類の生存・生産活動のための水資源管理と農林業教育が果たすべき役割
2006年 地球環境的・地域環境的視点からの水資源利用・保全技術動向および農林業教育が果たすべき役割
2007年 アジア・太平洋地域における参加型アプローチを通じた持続的地域水資源管理と環境保全
APEID事業の第８期を迎えた2008年には、これまでの教育セミナー形式を国際会議形式に発展させ、８期６年間（2008年から2013年まで）の統一テーマを「持続可能な未来のための農学ESDの推進」として、キックオフ会議｢国際農学ESDシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2008）｣を開催した。この年のテーマを｢< 持続的発展のための農学教育 > に関する大学・関連機関の教育・研究活動の現状と果たすべき役割｣として、討議を行った。各年のテーマは、次のとおりである。
2008年 農学ESDのキックオフ会議｢< 持続的発展のための農学教育 >に関する大学・関連機関の教育・研究活動の現状と果たすべき役割 」
2009年 ｢ 農学ESDにおける食の安全と食糧の安全保障 ｣2010年 ｢ 農業および環境分野における持続的開発のための中等・高等教育の役割｣
2011年 ｢ 農学ESDにおける生物多様性の適正利用 ｣2012年 ｢ 農学ESD推進のための環境調和型農業技術開発 ｣2013年 ｢ 農学ESDにおける大学の役割 ｣2009年には、｢ 農学ESDにおける食の安全と食糧の安全保障 ｣をテーマとして第２回目の｢国際農学ESD
シンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2009）｣を開催した。11月9日から12日までの間、７ヵ国（フィリピン、
タイ、インドネシア、インド、マラウイ、ナイジェリア及び日本）から18人の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。
2010年は、｢ 農業および環境分野における持続的開発のための中等・高等教育の役割｣をテーマに第３回目のシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2010）を開催し、11月8日から11日までの間に８ヵ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、アフガニスタン、バングラデシュ、マラウイ、ガーナ及び日本）の専門家が出席し、講演、質疑応答を行なった。また、特に、海外交流協定校のフィリピン大学、カセサート大学、ボゴール農科大学の各附属高等学校及び本学附属坂戸高等学校の現職教員による発表セッションを組み込んで、発表、討議を活発に行った。
2011年は、｢農学ESDにおける生物多様性の適正利用｣をテーマに第４回目のシンポジウム（Ag-ESD
Symposium 2011）を開催し、11月7日から11日までの間に９ヶ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、アフガニスタン、アメリカ合衆国、ガーナ、ケニア、マラウイ及び日本）の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。
2012年は、｢農学ESD推進のための環境調和型農業技術開発｣をテーマに第５回目のシンポジウム（Ag-ESD
Symposium 2012）を開催し、10月29日から11月2日までの間に９ヶ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、
アフガニスタン、アメリカ合衆国、ガーナ、ケニア、ラオス及び日本）の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。
2013年は、「農学ESDにおける大学の役割」をテーマに第６回目のシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2013）を開催し、11月25日から29日までの間に７ヶ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、アフガニスタン、ア
メリカ合衆国、ケニア及び日本）の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。
今後６年間の統一テーマを「世界的なESD実践プログラムに向けて」とし、2014年には、「農業・食料・食品のプレミアム化」をテーマとしてシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2014）を開催し、11月10日から14115

日までの間に９ヶ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、アフガニスタン、アメリカ合衆国、マレーシア、
ガーナ、ザンビア及び日本）の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。
2015年は、「食料資源の有効活用と環境保全」をテーマにシンポジウム（Ag-ESD Symposium 2015）を開催し、11月16日から20日までの間に９ヶ国（フィリピン、タイ、インドネシア、アフガニスタン、アメリカ合衆国、マレーシア、スウェーデン、ガーナ及び日本）の専門家が出席し、テーマに基づいた講演、発表、活発な討議を行った。

116

Ag-ESD Symposium 2016/TGSW2016 の概要
1. 題 目
「海外型インターンシップを通じた食料・生物資源分野の国際人材育成教育」
Education for Sustainable Development
Overseas Internship / Agriculture, Food and Environment
2. 期 間平成 28 年 9 月 18 日(日)～9 月 19 日(月)(エクスカーションを含めると 9 月 20 日(火)まで)(TGSW2016 の開催期間は 9 月 17 日(土)～9 月 19 日(月))3. 会 場筑波大学 総合研究棟 A
4. オーガナイザー
筑波大学農林技術センター
5. 後 援独立行政法人 国際協力機構筑波国際センター（JICA 筑波）
国立研究開発法人 国際農林水産業研究センター（JIRCAS）
6. 参加者・ カセサート大学、ボゴール農科大学、フィリピン大学ロスバニオス校、ユタ州立大学（以上海外交流協定校）、の農学教育または農学研究に従事する教員･研究者
・ FAO、JICA、民間企業
・ 筑波大学、茨城大学、明治大学の農学教育または農学研究に従事する教員･研究者
・ 筑波大学大学院生、茨城大学大学院生
・ 農学教育又は農学研究に従事する一般の研究者 等
7. 会議の形態
招待講演、ポスターセッション、若手研究者フォーラム
8. 使用言語
英語

117

Ag-ESD シンポジウム 2016(Ag-ESD Symposium 2016)/TGSW2016 の日程表
月

日

時

間

9 月 16 日 (金)

プ

ロ

グ

ラ

ム

招聘外国人の成田空港到着・宿泊[ 成田のホテル ]06:00～07:30
08:00～09:30
09:30～12:30
12:30～13:30(13:30～16:30)
15:00～15:30
16:00～17:00
18:00～20:00

招聘外国人の出迎え (大学から成田のホテルへ)
移動 (成田から国際会議場へ)
オープニングセッション+産官学連携企画
昼食・休憩
各セッション
移動 (国際会議場から大学会館別館へ)
事務手続き・オリエンテーション (概要説明)
歓迎パーティ

09:30～～09:4509:45～10:15
10:15～10:45
10:45～11:00
11:00～11:30
11:30～12:00
12:00～13:00
13:00～13:30
13:30～14:00
14:00～14:30
14:30～14:45
14:45～15:15
15:15～15:45
15:45～16:00
16:00～16:25
16:25～16:30
16:30～17:00
17:00～20:00
09:00～12:00
12:00～13:00
13:00～13:30
13:30～14:00
14:00～14:30
14:30～14:40
14:40～15:10
15:10～15:40
15:40～16:00
16:00～16:30
17:30～18:00
18:00～20:00

挨拶 (センター長、系長、JICA 筑波、JIRCAS)、
全体説明、記念写真撮影
招待講演 (1)【 FAO：ABE 】
招待講演 (2)【 フィリピン大学：OLIVEROS 】
休憩
招待講演 (3)【 カセサート大学：NAKASATHIEN 】
招待講演 (4)【 ボゴール農科大学：HARIYADI 】
昼食・休憩
招待講演 (5)【 ユタ州立大学：HOLE 】
招待講演 (6)【 AEC：FUJITA 】[ 総合研究棟 A ]招待講演 (7)【 茨城大学：SATO 】
休憩
招待講演 (8)【 明治大学：TSUBOTA 】
招待講演 (9)【 筑波大学：NOMURA 】
休憩
総合討論 議長【 明治大学：KONUMA 】
挨拶 (副センター長)
休憩
インターン学生主催夕食会
ポスターセッション
昼食・休憩
発表 (1)【 茨城大学：AROFATULLAH 】
発表 (2)【 ボゴール農科大学：SEMINAR 】
発表 (3)【 カセサート大学：TONTHONG 】[ 総合研究棟 A ]休憩発表 (4)【 フィリピン大学：TAPIA 】
発表 (5)【 筑波大学：HISATOME 】
休憩
表彰式
移動 (大学からホテルグランド東雲へ)
TSUKUBA 宣言 & 懇親会[ ホテルグランド東雲 ]9 月 20 日 (火)07:00～17:00

エクスカーション (日光)

9 月 21 日 (水)09:00～10:00

招聘外国人の帰国 (大学から成田空港へ)

9 月 17 日 (土)9 月 18 日 (日)9 月 19 日(月・祝)118[ 国際会議場 ][ 大学会館別館 ][ スープファクトリー ]