FRAC Code List©* 2024:
Fungal control agents sorted by cross-resistance pattern andmode of action(including coding for FRAC Groups on product labels)

Disclaimer
The technical information contained in this publication is provided to CropLife
International/RAC members, non-members, the scientific community, and a broader publicaudience.
While CropLife International and the RACs make every effort to present accurate andreliable information in the guidelines, CropLife International and the RACs do not guarantee
the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, timeliness, or correct sequencing of such information.
CropLife International and the RACs assume no responsibility for consequences resulting
from the use of their information, or in any respect for the content of such information,
including but not limited to errors or omissions, the accuracy or reasonableness of factualor scientific assumptions, studies, or conclusions.
Inclusion of active ingredients and products on the RAC Code Lists is based on scientificevaluation of their modes of action; it does not provide any kind of testimonial for the use ofa product or a judgment on efficacy. CropLife International and the RACs are not responsible
for, and expressly disclaim all liability for, damages of any kind arising out of use, reference
to, or reliance on information provided in the guidelines.
Listing of chemical classes or modes of action in any of the CropLife International/RAC
recommendations must not be interpreted as approval for use of a compound in a given
country. Prior to implementation, each user must determine the current registration status in
the country of use and strictly adhere to the uses and instructions approved in that country.

FRAC Code List© 2024

Page 1 of 18---Internal Use---INTRODUCTION
The following table lists fungicides, mainly for use in plant protection, according to their mode ofaction and resistance risk. The most important bactericides are also included. Grouping is considering
the biochemical mode of action, but a main driver is to identify cross-resistance patterns between
chemistries.
The Table headings are defined as:
MOA Code
Different letters (A to P, with added numbers) are used to distinguish fungicide groups according totheir biochemical mode of action (MOA) in the biosynthetic pathways of plant pathogens. The
grouping was made according to processes in the metabolism starting from nucleic acids synthesis(A) to secondary metabolism, e.g., melanin synthesis (I), followed by host plant defence inducers (P),recent molecules with an unknown mode of action and unknown resistance risk (U, transient status,
until information about mode of action and mechanism of resistance becomes available), andchemical multi-site inhibitors (M). Fungicidal compositions of biological origin are grouped
according to the main mode of action within the respective pathway categories. A more recently
introduced category “Biologicals with multiple modes of action” (BM) is used for agents from
biological origin showing multiple mechanisms of action.
Target Site and CodeIf available, the biochemical mode of action is given. In several cases the precise target site may not
be known, however, a grouping within a given pathway / functional cluster is still possible. Grouping
can also be made due to cross resistance profiles within a group or in relation to other groups.
Group Name
Where known, the `Group Name´ provides additional details on the mode of action (MoA). If limited(or no) information on the MoA is available, the group name is based on the chemical structure of thefirst important representative in the group and provides information on chemical similarity amongchemicals in that group (chemical structure as accepted in literature, e.g., The Pesticide Manual).
Chemical or Biological Group
Grouping is based on chemical considerations. Nomenclature is according to IUPAC and Chemical
Abstract name. Taxonomic information may be used for agents of biological origin.
Common name
BSI/ISO accepted (or proposed) common name for an individual active ingredient expected to appear
on the product label as definition of the product.
Comments on Resistance
Details are given for the (molecular) mechanism of resistance and the resistance risk. If fieldresistance is known to one member of the Group, it is most likely but not exclusively valid that crossresistance to other group members will be present. There is increasing evidence that the degree ofcross-resistance can differ between group members and pathogen species or even within species. For
the latest information on resistance and cross-resistance status of a pathogen / fungicide combination,
it is advised to contact local FRAC representatives, product manufacturer’s representatives or crop
protection advisors. The intrinsic risk for resistance evolution to a given fungicide group is estimatedto be low, medium, or high according to the principles described in FRAC Monographs 1, 2 and 3.
Resistance management is driven by intrinsic risk of fungicide, pathogen risk and agronomic risk (seeFRAC pathogen risk list).
FRAC Code List© 2024

Page 2 of 18---Internal Use---Similar classification lists of fungicides have been published by T. Locke on behalf of FRAG - UK
(Fungicide Resistance, August 2001), and by P. Leroux (Classification des fongicides agricoles etrésistance, Phytoma, La Défense des Végétaux, No. 554, 43-51, November 2002).
FRAC Code
Numbers and letters are used to distinguish the fungicide groups according to their cross-resistancebehaviour. This code should be used to define the “FUNGICIDE GROUP” code, e.g., on productlabels. The numbers were assigned primarily according to the time of product introduction to themarket. The letters refer to P = host plant defence inducers, M = chemical multi-site inhibitors, U =unknown mode of action and unknown resistance risk, and BM = biologicals with multiple modes ofaction. Reclassification of compounds based on new research may result in codes to expire. This ismost likely in the U - section when the mode of action gets clarified. These codes are not re-used for
new groups; a note is added to indicate reclassification into a new code.
Last update: March 2024
Next update decisions: March 2025

* Disclaimer
The FRAC Code List is the property of FRAC and protected by copyright laws. The FRAC Code
List may be used for educational purposes without permission from FRAC. Commercial use of thismaterial may only be made with the express, prior, and written permission of FRAC.

FRAC Code List© 2024

Page 3 of 18---Internal Use---MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEA1GROUP NAME

PA-fungicides

CHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME

acylalanines

A: nucleic acids metabolism

RNA polymerase I (PhenylAmides)

A2

adenosindeaminasehydroxy(2-amino-)
pyrimidines

A3

DNA/RNA
synthesis(proposed)

heteroaromatics

DNA
topoisomerase
type II (gyrase)

carboxylic acids

benalaxyl
benalaxyl-M(=kiralaxyl)
furalaxyl
metalaxyl
metalaxyl-M(=mefenoxam)

oxazolidinones

oxadixyl

butyrolactones

ofuracehydroxy(2-amino-) pyrimidines

bupirimate
dimethirimol
ethirimol

isoxazoles

hymexazole

isothiazolones

octhilinone

carboxylic acids

oxolinic acid

A4

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

resistance and cross-resistancewell known in various Oomycetes
but mechanism unknown
High Risk

phenyl-propanol

resistance and cross-resistanceknown in powdery mildews
Medium Risk

8

Resistance Management required
resistance not known

32

bactericide, resistance known,
risk in fungi unknown

31

ipflufenoquin
Medium to High Risk

DHODHIfungicides
dihydroisoquinoline

4

see FRAC Phenylamide
Guidelines for ResistanceManagement

Resistance Management required

A5

inhibition of
dihydroorotate
dehydrogenase
within de novo
pyrimidine
biosynthesis

COMMENTS

quinofumelin

FRAC Code List© 2024

Resistance Management required

Page 4 of 18---Internal Use---

52

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEGROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME

benzimidazoles

B1
tubulinpolymerization

B: Cytoskeleton and motor protein

B2
tubulinpolymerization

MBC-fungicides(MethylBenzimidazole
Carbamates)

N-phenylcarbamates

thiophanates

N-phenylcarbamatesbenomylcarbendazim
fuberidazole
thiabendazole

thiophanate
thiophanate-methyl

diethofencarb

COMMENTS
resistance common in many
fungal species, several target site
mutations, mostly E198A/G/K,
F200Y in β-tubulin gene
positive cross-resistance between
the group members, negative
cross-resistance toN-phenyl carbamates
High Risk

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

see FRAC Benzimidazole
Guidelines for ResistanceManagement
resistance known, target site
mutation E198K, negative crossresistance to benzimidazoles
High Risk

1

10

Resistance Management required

B3

benzamides

toluamides

zoxamidetubulinpolymerization

thiazole
carboxamide

ethylamino-thiazolecarboxamide

ethaboxam

Resistance Management required

phenylureas

phenylureas

pencycuron

resistance not known

B4cell division(unknown site)

B5

delocalisation ofspectrin-likeproteins

benzamides

cyanoacrylates

pyridinylmethylbenzamides

aminocyanoacrylates

fluopicolide
fluopimomide

phenamacril

actin/ myosin/
fimbrin function

benzophenone

metrafenone

aryl-phenylketones

20

Medium Risk

43

Resistance Management required
resistance known in Fusarium
graminearum, target site
mutations in the gene coding formyosin-5 found in lab studies

47

Resistance Management required
less sensitive isolates detected in
powdery mildews(Blumeria and Sphaerotheca)
Medium Risk

benzoylpyridine

tubulin dynamics
modulator

resistant isolates detected ingrapevine downy mildew

22

Medium to High Risk

B6

B7

Low to Medium Risk

pyriofenone

50

Resistance management required
Reclassified from U8 in 2018

pyridazine

pyridazine

pyridachlometyl

FRAC Code List© 2024

High risk

Page 5 of 18---Internal Use---

53

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEC1

C. respiration

complex I NADH
oxido-reductase

GROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME

pyrimidinamines

pyrimidinamines

diflumetorim

pyrazole-MET1

pyrazole-5carboxamides

tolfenpyrad

Quinazoline

quinazoline

fenazaquinphenyl-benzamides

benodanil
flutolanil
mepronilphenyl-oxo-ethyl
thiophene amide
pyridinyl-ethylbenzamides
phenyl-cyclobutylpyridineamide
furan-carboxamides
oxathiincarboxamides
thiazolecarboxamides

C2

SDHI-fungicides(Succinatecomplex II:
succinate-dehydro- dehydrogenase
inhibitors)
genasepyrazole-4carboxamides

N-cyclopropyl-Nbenzyl-pyrazolecarboxamides
N-methoxy-(phenylethyl)-pyrazolecarboxamides
pyridinecarboxamides
pyrazinecarboxamides

COMMENTS

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

resistance not known

39

isofetamid
fluopyram
cyclobutrifluram
fenfuram
carboxin
oxycarboxin

resistance known for several
fungal species in field populations
and lab mutants,
targetsite
mutations in sdh gene,thifluzamide
e.g., H/Y (or H/L) at 257, 267, 272
benzovindiflupyr or P225L, dependent on fungal
bixafenspeciesfluindapyr
fluxapyroxad Resistance Management required
furametpyr
inpyrfluxam
Medium to High Risk
isopyrazam
penflufen
see FRAC SDHI Guidelines
penthiopyradfor Resistance Management
sedaxaneisoflucypram
pydiflumetofen
boscalid
pyraziflumid

FRAC Code List© 2024

Page 6 of 18---Internal Use---7

C. respiration

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEGROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAMECOMMENTS

azoxystrobincoumoxystrobinenoxastrobinmethoxy-acrylates
flufenoxystrobin
resistance known in various
picoxystrobin
fungal species, target site
pyraoxystrobinmutations in cyt b gene (G143A,
methoxy-acetamide
mandestrobin
F129L) and additional
pyraclostrobinmechanisms
methoxy-carbamates pyrametostrobin
triclopyricarb
QoI-fungicides
cross-resistance shown between
kresoxim-methyl
all members of the Code 11
oximino-acetates(Quinone outside
C3
trifloxystrobinfungicides
Inhibitors)
dimoxystrobincomplex III:
fenaminstrobin
cytochrome bc1
High Risk
oximino-acetamides
metominostrobin(ubiquinol oxidase)orysastrobin
at Qo site (cyt b
see FRAC QoI Guidelines
oxazolidine-diones
famoxadone
gene)
for Resistance Management
dihydro-dioxazines
fluoxastrobin
imidazolinones
fenamidone
benzyl-carbamates

tetrazolinones

11

pyribencarb

QoI-fungicides(Quinone outside
Inhibitors;
Subgroup A)

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

metyltetraprole

Resistance not known, notcross-resistant with Code 11
fungicides on G143A mutants
High Risk
see FRAC QoI Guidelines
for Resistance Management

FRAC Code List© 2024

Page 7 of 18---Internal Use---

11A

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEGROUP NAME

sulfamoyl-triazole

amisulbrom

picolinamides

fenpicoxamid
florylpicoxamidno spectrum overlap with the
Oomycete-fungicides cyazofamid
and amisulbrom

dinitrophenylcrotonates

binapacryl
meptyldinocap
dinocap

resistance not known,
also acaricidal activity

2,6-dinitro-anilines

fluazinam

Low Risk
however, resistance claimed in
Botrytis in Japan(pyr.-hydrazones)(ferimzone)

reclassified to U 14 in 2012

organo tin
compounds

tri-phenyl tin
compounds

fentin acetate
fentin chloride
fentin hydroxidesome resistance cases known
Low to Medium Risk

30

thiophenecarboxamides

thiophenecarboxamides

silthiofam

resistance reported
Low Risk38

ametoctradin

not cross-resistant to QoIfungicides, resistance risk
assumed to be medium to high(single site inhibitor)
Resistance Management required45

C: respiration (continued)

C5
uncouplers ofoxidative
phosphorylation

C7

ATP transport(proposed)

C8
QioSI fungicidecomplex III:
cytochrome bc1 (Quinone insideand outside triazolo-pyrimidylamine(ubiq. reductase)inhibitor,
at Qi and Qo site
stigmatellin(stigmatellinbinding mode)
binding mode)

D: amino acids and protein synthesis

D1methionine
biosynthesis(proposed)(cgs gene)AP-fungicides(AnilinoPyrimidines)

D2

protein synthesis enopyranuronic
acid antibiotic(ribosome,termination step)D3

resistance risk unknown but
assumed to be medium to high(mutations at target site known inmodel organisms)

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

cyazofamid

QiI-fungicides
complex III:
cytochrome bc1 (Quinone inside
Inhibitors)(ubiquinone
reductase) at Qi
site

C6

COMMENTS

cyano-imidazole

C4

inhibitors of oxid.
phosphorylation,
ATP synthase

CHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME

anilino-pyrimidines

enopyranuronic acidantibiotic

cyprodinil
mepanipyrim
pyrimethanil

Resistance Management required

resistance known in Botrytis andVenturia, sporadically inOculimacula
Medium Risk

21

29

9

see FRAC AP Guidelines for
Resistance Management

blasticidin-S

Low to Medium Risk
Resistance Management required

23

24

hexopyranosyl
antibiotic

hexopyranosyl
antibiotic

kasugamycin

resistance known in fungal andbacterial (P. glumae) pathogens
Medium Risk
Resistance Management required

protein synthesis glucopyranosyl
antibiotic(ribosome,
initiation step)

glucopyranosyl
antibiotic

streptomycin

bactericide, resistance known
High Risk
Resistance Management required

25

protein synthesis(ribosome,
initiation step)

D4

D5

protein synthesis(ribosome,elongation step)

tetracycline
antibiotic

tetracycline antibiotic

oxytetracycline

bactericide, resistance known
High Risk
Resistance Management required

41

leucyl-tRNA
synthetase(LeuRS)benzoxaboroles

benzoxaboroles

tavaborole

Low Riskdue to exclusive post-harvest use

54

D6

FRAC Code List© 2024

Page 8 of 18---Internal Use---MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEGROUP NAME

E1

E: signal transduction

azasignal transduction
naphthalenes(mechanism
unknown)

CHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
aryloxyquinoline

quinoxyfen

quinazolinone

proquinazid

phenylpyrroles

fenpiclonil
fludioxonil

E2
MAP/Histidine- PP-fungicides
Kinase in osmotic(PhenylPyrroles)
signal transduction(os-2, HOG1)

resistance to quinoxyfen known
Medium Risk
Resistance Management required
cross-resistance found in Erysiphe
necator but not in Blumeria graminis
resistance found sporadically,mechanism speculative
Low to Medium Risk

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

13

12

Resistance Management required
resistance common in Botrytis andsome other pathogens,several mutations in OS-1, mostly
I365S

E3
MAP/Histidine- dicarboximides
Kinase in osmotic
signal transduction(os-1, Daf1)

COMMENTS

dicarboximides

chlozolinate
dimethachlone cross-resistance common between
iprodione
the group membersprocymidone
Medium to High Risk
vinclozolin
see FRAC Dicarboximide
Guidelines for
Resistance Management

FRAC Code List© 2024

Page 9 of 18---Internal Use---

2

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEGROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME

F1
F2
phospholipid
biosynthesis,
methyltransferase

COMMENTS

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

formerly dicarboximides
phosphorothiolates
Dithiolanes

phosphoro-thiolates
dithiolanes

edifenphos
resistance known in specific fungi
iprobenfos (IBP)
pyrazophos
Low to Medium Risk
isoprothiolane

Resistance Management required
if used for risky pathogens

biphenylchloroneb
resistance known in some fungi(Aromaticaromatic hydrocarbons
dicloran
Hydrocarbons)
F3
quintozene (PCNB)
Low to Medium Risk
(chlorophenyls,
tecnazene(TCNB)
cell peroxidation nitroanilines)
cross-resistance patterns
tolclofos-methyl(proposed)
complex due to different activity
spectraheteroaromatics 1,2,4-thiadiazoles
etridiazole

6

F: lipid synthesis or transport / membrane integrity or function

AH-fungicides

F4cell membrane
permeability, fatty
acids (proposed)

Carbamates

iodocarb
propamocarb
prothiocarb

carbamates

Low to Medium Risk
Resistance Management required

F5
F6

formerly CAA-fungicides

microbial
disrupters of
pathogen cell
membranes

formerly Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains (FRAC Code 44),
reclassified to BM02 in 2020

F7

ergosterol binding

F928

formerly extract from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil)and plant oils (eugenol, geraniol, thymol)
FRAC Code 46, reclassified to BM01 in 2021

cell membrane
disruption

F8

14

Polyeneamphoteric macrolide
antifungal antibiotic
from Streptomyces
natalensis or
S. chattanoogensis

OSBPIfungicides

lipid homeostasis oxysterol binding piperidinyl-thiazoleisoxazolines
andproteintransfer/storage
homologue
inhibition

natamycin(pimaricin)

oxathiapiprolin
fluoxapiprolin

resistance not known,
agricultural, food and topical
medical uses
resistance risk assumed to be
medium to high (single site
inhibitor)
Resistance Management required48

49(previously U15)

F10

interaction withlipid fraction of thecell membrane, protein fragmentwith multiple
effects on cell
membrane
integrity

polypeptide

polypeptide
ASFBIOF01-02

FRAC Code List© 2024

resistance not known

Page 10 of 18---Internal Use---

51

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEGROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
piperazines
pyridines
pyrimidines

imidazoles

G: sterol biosynthesis in membranes

G1

DMI-fungicides

C14-demethylase (DeMethylation
Inhibitors)
in sterolbiosynthesis(SBI: Class I)(erg11/cyp51)
triazoles

triazolinthiones

G2∆14-reductase
and∆8→∆7isomerase
in sterolbiosynthesis(erg24, erg2)G3

Amines(“morpholines”)(SBI: Class II)

KRI-fungicides

3-keto reductase, (KetoReductase
Inhibitors)
C4-demethylation(erg27)

G4(SBI: Class III)squaleneepoxidase in sterol (SBI class IV)
biosynthesis(erg1)COMMENTS

triforine
pyrifenox
pyrisoxazole
fenarimol
nuarimolimazalilthere are big differences in the
oxpoconazole
activity spectra of DMI
pefurazoate
fungicides
prochloraz
triflumizole
resistance is known in various
azaconazole
fungal species, several
bitertanol
resistancemechanisms are
bromuconazole
known
incl.
targetsite mutations
cyproconazole
in
cyp51
(erg
11)
gene, e.g.,
difenoconazole
V136A,Y137F,
A379G,
I381V;
diniconazole
cyp51
promotor;ABC
epoxiconazole
transporters and others
etaconazole
fenbuconazole
generally wise to accept thatfluquinconazole
cross-resistance is present
flusilazole
between
DMI fungicides active
flutriafol
againstthe same fungus
hexaconazole
imibenconazole
DMI fungicides are Sterol
ipconazole
Biosynthesis
Inhibitors (SBIs)
mefentrifluconazole
to
but
show
no
cross-resistancemetconazole
other
SBI
classes
myclobutanil
penconazole
Medium risk
propiconazole
see FRAC SBI Guidelines
simeconazolefor
Resistance Management
tebuconazole
tetraconazole
triadimefon
triadimenol
triticonazole
prothioconazole

morpholines

aldimorphdodemorphfenpropimorph
tridemorph

piperidines

fenpropidin
piperalinspiroketal-amines

spiroxamine

see FRAC SBI Guidelines
for Resistance Managementhydroxyanilides

fenhexamid

Low to Medium Risk

amino-pyrazolinone

fenpyrazamine

Resistance Management
requiredthiocarbamates

pyributicarb

allylamines

naftifineterbinafine

FRAC Code List© 2024

decreased sensitivity for
powdery mildews,
cross-resistance within thegroup generally found but not toother SBI classes

3

5

Low to Medium Risk

resistance not known,
fungicidal and herbicidal activity
medical fungicides only

Page 11 of 18---Internal Use---

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

17

18

H: cell wall biosynthesis

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME

H3

Formerly glucopyranosyl
antibiotic (validamycin)

H4

peptidyl pyrimidine
nucleosidechitin synthasepolyoxins

cinnamic acid amides

H5cellulose synthase

I1
I: melanin synthesis in cell wall

GROUP NAME

reductase inmelaninbiosynthesis

I2

CAA-fungicides(Carboxylic Acid
Amides)

MBI-R(Melanin
Biosynthesis
Inhibitors Reductase)
MBI-D

dehydratase inmelaninbiosynthesis(Melanin
Biosynthesis
Inhibitors Dehydratase)

I3

MBI-P

polyketide
synthase inmelaninbiosynthesis(Melanin
Biosynthesis
Inhibitors Polyketide
synthase)valinamide
carbamates

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

reclassified to U18

26

resistance known
polyoxin

Medium Risk

Resistance Management required
dimethomorph resistance known in Plasmopara
viticola but not in Phytophthora
flumorph
infestanspyrimorph
cross-resistance between allbenthiavalicarb
members of the CAA group
iprovalicarb
Low to Medium Risk
valifenalate

mandelic acid amides

mandipropamid

isobenzo-furanone

fthalidepyrrolo-quinolinone

pyroquilon

triazolobenzothiazole
cyclopropanecarboxamide

COMMENTS

19

40

see FRAC CAA Guidelines for
Resistance Management
resistance not known

16.1

tricyclazole
carpropamidcarboxamide

diclocymet

propionamide

fenoxanil

trifluoroethylcarbamate

FRAC Code List© 2024

resistance known
Medium Risk
Resistance Management required
resistance not known

tolprocarb

additional activity against
bacteria and fungi throughinduction of host plant defence

Page 12 of 18---Internal Use---

16.2

16.3

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODEGROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR
BIOLOGICAL GROUP(ISO)COMMON NAMECOMMENTS

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

salicylate-related

P 01

benzo-thiadiazole(BTH)

benzo-thiadiazole(BTH)

acibenzolar-S-methyl

resistance not known

P 01

P 02

benzisothiazole

benzisothiazole

probenazole(also antibacterial andantifungal activity)

resistance not known

P 02

thiadiazolecarboxamide

thiadiazolecarboxamide

tiadinilisotianil

resistance not known

P 03

natural compound

polysaccharides

laminarin

resistance not known

P 04

extract from Reynoutria
sachalinensis (giant
knotweed)

resistance not known

P 05

resistance not known
cell walls offungalSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces spp.
strain LAS117

P 06

salicylate-related

P: host plant defence induction

P 03

salicylate-related

P 04

polysaccharide
elicitors

P 05

anthraquinone
elicitors

P 06

microbial elicitors

plant extract

microbial

complex mixture,ethanol extract(anthraquinones,
resveratrol)
bacterial
Bacillus spp.

Bacillus mycoides
isolate J

ethyl phosphonates

P 07

phosphonates

P 08

salicylate-related

fosetyl-Al

phosphonatesphosphorous acid and salts

isothiazole

isothiazolylmethyl
ether

FRAC Code List© 2024

dichlobentiazox

few resistance cases
reported in few
pathogens
Low Riskreclassified from U33 in2018
activates SAR both upand downstream of SA,
resistance not known

Page 13 of 18---Internal Use---

P 07

P 08

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODE

unknown

GROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAMECOMMENTS
resistance claims describedcyanoacetamidecyanoacetamide-oxime
oxime

cymoxanil

Low to Medium Risk

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

27

Resistance Management required

U: Unknown mode of action(U numbers not appearing in the list derive from reclassified fungicides)

formerly phosphonates (FRAC code 33), reclassified to P 07 in 2018
unknown

phthalamic acids

phthalamic acids

tecloftalam(Bactericide)

resistance not known

34

unknownbenzotriazines

benzotriazines

triazoxide

resistance not known

35

unknownbenzenesulfonamides

benzenesulphonamides

flusulfamide

resistance not known

36

unknownpyridazinones

pyridazinones

diclomezine

resistance not known

37

formerly methasulfocarb (FRAC code 42), reclassified to M 12 in 2018
unknown

phenylacetamide

phenyl-acetamide

cyflufenamidcell membrane
disruption(proposed)

guanidines

guanidines

dodineunknownthiazolidine

cyano-methylenethiazolidines

flutianil

unknown

pyrimidinonehydrazones

pyrimidinonehydrazones

ferimzone

complex III:
cytochrome bc1,
unknown bindingsite (proposed)

4-quinolylacetate

4-quinolyl-acetates

tebufloquin

unknowntetrazolyloxime

tetrazolyloximes

picarbutrazox

unknown(inhibition oftrehalase)

glucopyranosyl
antibiotic

glucopyranosyl
antibiotics

validamycin

FRAC Code List© 2024

resistance in Sphaerotheca
Resistance Management required U 06
resistance known in
Venturia inaequalis,
Low to Medium Risk
U 12
Resistance Management
recommended
resistance in Sphaerotheca andPodosphaera xanthii
U 13
Resistance Management required
resistance not known(previously C5)

not cross-resistant to QoI,
resistance risk unknown but
U 16
assumed to be medium
Resistance Management required
resistance not known,
not cross-resistant to
PA, QoI, CAA

U 17

resistance not known,
induction of host plant defence by
U 18
trehalose proposed(previously H3)Page 14 of 18---Internal Use---U 14

M: Chemicals with multi-site activity

Notspecified

MOA

TARGET SITE
AND CODE

unknown

multi-site
contact
activity

GROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAMECOMMENTS

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

resistance not known

NC

diversediversemineral oils,
organic oils,
inorganic salts,material of
biological origin

inorganic(electrophiles)

inorganic

copper(different salts)

inorganic(electrophiles)

inorganicsulphur

M 02

dithiocarbamatesand relatives(electrophiles)

dithio-carbamatesand relatives

amobamferbammancozebmaneb
metirampropineb
thiramzinc thiazole
zineb
ziram

M 03

phthalimides(electrophiles)

phthalimides

captancaptafol
folpetM 04

chloronitriles(phthalonitriles)(unspecified
mechanism)

chloronitriles(phthalonitriles)

chlorothalonil

sulfamides(electrophiles)

sulfamides

dichlofluanid
tolylfluanid

M 06

bis-guanidines

guazatineiminoctadine

M 07

triazines

anilazine

M 08

quinones(anthraquinones)(electrophiles)

quinones(anthraquinones)

dithianon

M 09

quinoxalines(electrophiles)

quinoxalineschinomethionat /quinomethionate

M 10

maleimide(electrophiles)

maleimide

fluoroimide

M 11

thiocarbamate(electrophiles)

thiocarbamate

methasulfocarb

bis-guanidines(membrane
disruptors,
detergents)
triazines(unspecified
mechanism)

FRAC Code List© 2024

also applies to organic copper
complexes

generally considered as a low
risk group without any signs ofresistance developing to thefungicides

reclassified from U42 in 2018

Page 15 of 18---Internal Use---

M 01

M 05

M 12

MOA

TARGET SITE

BM: Biologicals with multiple modes of action:
Plant extracts

multiple effects on
ion membranetransporters;
chelating effects
affects fungal
spores andgerm tubes,
induced plant
defensecell membrane
disruption, cellwall,
induced plant
defensemechanisms

GROUP NAME(ISO)CHEMICAL OR
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME

plant extractpolypeptide (lectin)

extract from thecotyledons oflupine plantlets(“BLAD”)

plant extract

phenols,
sesquiterpenes,triterpenoids,
coumarins

extract from
Swinglea glutinosa

COMMENTS

resistance not known(previously M12)

resistance not known

extract from
Melaleuca
alternifolia(tea tree oil)plant extract

terpene hydrocarbons,terpene alcohols andterpene phenols

resistance not known
plant oils
(mixtures):eugenol, geraniol,
thymolFRAC Code List© 2024

(previously F7)Page 16 of 18---Internal Use---

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

BM 01

MOA

TARGET SITEGROUP NAMECHEMICAL OR(ISO)
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAMECOMMENTS

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

T. atroviride

BM: Biologicals with multiple modes of action:
Microbial (living microbes, or extracts from microbes or metabolites)

fungalTrichoderma spp.

strain I-1237
strain LU132
strain SC1
strain SKT-1
strain 77B

T. asperellumstrain T34
strain kd

T. harzianum
strain T-22

T. virens

strain G-41

C. rosea

fungalClonostachys spp.
multiple effects
described(examples, not all
apply to all
biological groups):
competition,
mycoparasitism,
antibiosis,
membranedisruption byfungicidal
lipopeptides,
lytic enzymes,
induced plant
defencemicrobial

fungalConiothyrium spp.
fungalHanseniaspora spp.
fungalTalaromyces spp.

strain J1446
strain CR-7

C. minitans

nomenclature change from
Gliocladium catenulatum to
Clonostachys rosea

strain CON/M/91-08

H. uvarum

strain BC18Y

T. flavus

resistance not known

strain SAY-Y-94-01

S. cerevisae
fungalstrain LAS02(strains of living Saccharomyces spp.
strain DDSF623
BM 02
microbes orB. amyloliquefaciens Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
extract,strain QST713
reclassified from F6, Code 44
metabolites)
strain FZB24
in 2020

bacterial
Bacillus spp.

strain MBI600
strain D747
strain F727
strain AT-332

B. subtilis

strain AFS032321
strain Y1336
strain HAI-0404
strain RTI477

synonyms for Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens are Bacillus
subtilis and B. subtilis var.
amyloliquefaciens (previous
taxonomic classification)

B. velezensis
strain RTI301

bacterial
Erwinia spp.
(peptide)bacterial
Gluconobacter spp.
bacterial
Pseudomonas spp.
bacterial
Streptomyces spp.

PHC25279
G. cerinus
strain BC18B
P. chlororaphis
strain AFS009

S. griseovirides
strain K61

S. lydicus
strain WYEC108

FRAC Code List© 2024

Page 17 of 18---Internal Use---BM: Purified metabolites from plant or microbial
sources, or synthetic versions of these metabolites

MOA

TARGET SITEGROUP NAME(ISO)CHEMICAL OR
BIOLOGICAL GROUP COMMON NAME

inhibition of beta(1,3) glucan
synthase andchitin synthase
and resulting cell
purifiedwall biosynthesis, metabolites fromnature-derived or
disruption of plant or microbial nature-identical single
membranes andsources, ormolecules originally cinnamaldehyde
membranesynthetic versions derived from plants
function,of these(or other organisms)
destruction of
metabolites
mitochondria anddisruption ofoxidative
processes

FRAC Code List© 2024

COMMENTS

FRAC
GROUP
CODE

resistance not known

BM 03

Page 18 of 18---Internal Use---