The Solar-C Science Meeting
9-Sep-2016

The Meeting Agenda
1. Solar-C WG: Progress report: Tetsuya Watanabe (15 min)2. Science Objectives Team of Next Generation Solar Physics
Mission (NGSPM-SOT): Aims and activity report: Toshifumi Shimizu(20 min)3. Scientific Objectives for NGSPM
I. Formation of dynamic atmosphere: Kiyoshi Ichimoto (20 min)II. Large scale explosions & eruptions: Kanya Kusano (20 min)III. Cyclic variation of solar magnetism: Hirohisa Hara (20 min)
4. Discussion
a. Possibility of MIDEX mission: James Klimchuk (20 min)b. General discussion
5. AOB

The Solar-C
WorkingGroup
progress report
Tetsuya Watanabe (NAOJ)
Solar-C WG (ISAS/JAXA)
Office for Solar-C (NAOJ)

Scientific Objectives
Main Scientific Objectives
Understand the plasma dynamics as a system that connects the solar surface
to the solar corona and interplanetary space
Investigate the elementary processes that take place universally in cosmic
plasmas, the both of which also contribute to the comprehension and theprediction of solar activity that could give impact on the earth and the humansociety.

Three Scientific Objectives for Study

I

Investigate the formation mechanisms of the chromosphere, the corona,and the solar wind

IIUnderstand the physical origin of largescale-solar eruptions to extract thealgorithm for prediction

III Reveal the mechanism of solar spectral irradiance variation that could
influence the climate change of the earth.

SOLAR-C S/C and Strawman Payloads
Three advanced telescopes
Optical Bench Unit

EUVST

•SUVIT (Solar UV-Vis-IR Telescope)+ IM (Irradiance Monitor)

Spectropolarimetry for photospheric &chromospheric magnetic fields withspatial resolution of 0.1”~0.2”
Aperture: ~1.4m (Hinode××3 )•EUVST (EUV Spectroscopic Telescope)
Spectroscopy for upper atomospheric layerswith increased plasma diagnostic capability
Spatial resolution: Hinode××5
Sensitivity: Hinode××10

SUVIT UBISSUVIT SPSUVIT FG•HCI (High resolution Corona Imager)
Wide FOV coronal imaging
with spatial resolution of 0.3”
Spatial resolution: Hinode××10

SUVIT TAweight2300 kg (w/o fuel)・IM (Irradiance Monitor)size

3.5 m x 3.0 m x 7.3 m

Data rate &Data volume

8 Mbps (ave) (Hinode××20)
DR ～200 GB

Orbit

Geo-synchronous

Total & UV spectral irradiance monitor

EPIC for ESA/M4

HCIStrawman Payload
IMSpace Science Roadmap (2015/01/09)
Science, exploration, and manned-activity

FY

2015

①Developing20162018

20172020

20192021202220232025※Promote JAXA’s roadmap for space science andHayabusa-2
Arrival to MP

X-ray Astro (Astro-H)

exploration based on the bottom-up process and byreserving a certain size of budget.

Return to E

Strategic_Medium(3 missions perdecade)Operation

Develop2024

Strategic_M-1

Operation

LaunchStrategic_M-2
LaunchSPICA: Next Generation IR Astronomical Satellite to be launched in mid 20ies.

Mercury (BepiColombo) launched by ESA
Develop

Operation
Launch②Studying& Selecting

Arrival to Mercury

Geospace Exploration (ERG)
DevelopCompetitive_Small(Biennial)

Operation

LaunchCompetitive Small-1

Operation

LaunchOperation

Competitive Small-2
Launch
AO to be announced

C S-3

Operation

LaunchC S-4Steady implementation of variety of small-size projects, Human resource development③Programming

Promote programmed missions for Solar System Exploration Science※Responsibility: MEXT

LaunchSolar-C WG programmatic chronology

SOLAR-C for strategic medium 1
16-Feb-2015
25-Feb-2015~ E/Apr-2015
13-May-2015
4/5-Jun-2015
9-Jun-2015
26-Jun-2015
Sep-2015

Submission of proposal
MDR (mission definition review) under SSC
ISAS/JAXA Evaluation Committee (EC) starts up

EPIC for ESA/M4 - not selected
Space policy subcommittee：
Start up of strategic-med missions
Final Report from SSC
Assessment of EC：
Re-study @WG→resubmit proposal(to clear MDR)

Schematic Project Structure
Project (JAXA)
Basic Design/Detailed Design/Fabrication & Test/Operation

Pre-project (JAXA)Pre Design/Planning DecisionDec-2016

MMX(phobos/deimos)
LiteBIRD
Conceptual Design

Pre-project(ISAS)

SolarSail

Sep-2015 Planning EvaluationWG×Feb-2015

Solar-C○Conceptual Study

Solar-C WG☆ Early Preparation of “Nominal” Plan
Nominal: [JAXA – Str. Med (L)+ ESA & NASA – MoOs levels]
Cost reduction with Focused science
Synergy with other missions/facilities(SOLO, DKIST, …)☆ Promotion of International Collaboration
more feasible/affordable
NASA: Setup of STDT → JSSDT?
NGSPM-SOT
ESA: Seek for MoOs
→ MDrR (mission definition re-review)

Science objects of Solar-C(proposed in 2015)
I. Formation mechanism of chromosphere, corona and solar windI-1Spicules

Foot point B topology, shock, twist, etc.

I-2

Nano-flare heating

Tiny brightening, non-thermal plasma

I-3

Wave heating

Wave mode, energy flux, dissipation

I-4

Solar wind acceleration

B topology in CH, Alfven wave in corona

I-5

Prominence

B field structure, mass circulation

II. Physical origin of large-scale eruptions and algorithm for prediction
II-1

Energy storage

Photo./chrom. B field maps

II-2

Trigger mechanism

Emerging flux, interaction with chrom.B

II-3

Mechanism of explosion

Large scale dynamics, current system

II-4

Physics of fast reconnection

Current sheet, plasmoid, shock

III. Mechanism of solar spectral irradiance variation
III-1

Mechanism of UV emission

UV emissions at fine scale B structure

III-2

TSS/SSI modeling

TSI/SSI, fulldisk B map

Science objects of Solar-C(being revised)
I. Formation mechanism of chromosphere, corona and solar wind
I-1

Chromspheric jets and heating

Foot point B topology, shock, twist, etc.

I-2

Nano-flare heating

Tiny brightening, non-thermal plasma

I-3

Solar wind acceleration

B topology in CH, Alfven wave in corona

I-4

Mechanism of prominence

B field structure, mass circulation

I-5

Non ideal MHD effect

Effect of neutral atoms; B & v structures

II. Physical origin of large-scale eruptions and algorithm for prediction
II-1

Energy storage

Photo./chrom. B field maps

II-2

Trigger mechanism

Emerging flux, interaction with chrom.B

II-3

Mechanism of explosion

Large scale dynamics, current system

II-4

Physics of fast reconnection

Current sheet, plasmoid, shock

II-5

Formation of δ spots

B fields

II-5

Particle acceleration

B fields, radio, hard X-rays, γ-rays

III. Origin of solar cycle and space climate variability
III-1

Mechanism of UV variability

UV emissions at fine scale B structure

III-2

TSS/SSI modeling

TSI/SSI, fulldisk B map

Toward the new Solar-C; mission size issue
Total cost of 2015 proposed Solar-C ~ 5.8 x 1010 JPY
System design& integ.
(J)

Bus(J,E)

launch,operation &contingency
(J)

SUVIT
TA
(J,E)

SP(J,E)

FG(U)

UB
IS
(E)

EUVST
(E)

HCI
(U)

1010
systempayloads

Target cost (max)Target of mission size

Reduce the total cost from 5.8 to 4 (JAXA + 2MoO), or even 3.5 oreven 3!
JAXA 3 (target value), Astro-H 3.4 is the upper limit.
NASA Mo0 – 0.5, ESA Mo0 – 0.5

Establish the firm scheme of international task share

Strategy

Reduce the cost of launch vehicle (H-IIa
H-III) and bus components
Reduce the cost of SUVIT（Φ~1.4m → 1m, combined SP+FG）
Reduce payload by collaborating with other space missions

Cost estimate (as of 2016 Feb 11)
Unit: 108 JPY ~ 106 USD

J-SP full cost 39
Plus US-FG TBD
Combined SP+FG (target)(ESA only)(Optional)

Plus Consortium 30(includ. US contrib)(for J-contribution BUS + SUVIT)(H-III, geo-synchronous)

Space Policy Commission under cabinet officeintends to guarantee predetermined steadyannual budget for space science andexploration to maintain its scientific activities
2010
Strategic Medium Missions(300M$ class) for JAXAled flagship science
mission with HIIA vehicle(3 in ten years)
Competitively-chosen
small-sized focusedmissions (<150M$ class)with Epsilon rocket(every 2 year)
Missions of opportunity
for foreign agency-led
mission

2020

2030

Astro-H (2016)
Phobos/Deimos (2022)
LiteBIRD, Solar-Sail, Solar-C (2025)
SPICA (2027-28)
Hisaki(2013)
ERG(2016)
SLIM(2020)#4 (2022)#5(2024)

Proposals
being reviewed

BepiColombo (ESA, 2016)
JUICE (ESA, 2022)
WFIRST(NASA, 2025)
ATHENA(ESA, 2028)
NASA NewFrontiers2016