No. 66 December 2022

STEEL CONSTRUCTIONTODAY & TOMORROW

https://www.jisf.or.jp/en/activity/sctt/index.html

Feature Article

Qualifications for
Steel Construction Engineers
in Japan1 Organization for Building Steel Structure Qualification (OBSSQ)
4 Supervisors for Steel Construction Works
7 Supervisors for Steel Construction Works―Qualification Exam Textbook―Special Topic
11 Seismic Evaluation of Building Frames Using SN Steel

Serial Article: Latest Design of Steel Buildings in Japan (7)“myu terrace” Brings
Economy, Style to Matsuyama
Univ. Campus
15 Steel Structure,

Lightweight Roof
Highlight Popular
Transparent Social Spot

Published Jointly by

The Japan Iron and Steel Federation
Japanese Society of Steel Construction

Feature Article: Qualifications for Steel Construction Engineers in Japan (1)Organization for Building Steel
Structure Qualification (OBSSQ)

Organization for Building Steel Structure Qualificationof the Japanese Society of Steel Construction
Establishment of OBSSQ
In building construction in Japan, theshare accounted for by the steel structure is steadily increasing and the role
played by the steel structure is becoming more significant.
In such a situation, how to secure
the safety of steel-structure buildings
and how to appropriately promote
quality control in steel structure construction have been discussed in various ways. In particular after the Great
Hanshin Awaji Earthquake of 1995,
how to secure and improve the quality of steel-structure buildings havebecome pressing concerns in terms ofprotecting the lives and property ofpeople.
When Japan was in the midst of
the bubble economy from the middleof the 1980s to the beginning of the
1990s, as steel structure construction
was showing a significant increase,serious problems such as weld defects
involved in steel structure construction also became apparent (Fig. 1). At
this time, there was particularly ex-

fabrication, improvements in inspection and other improvement measures. Then the situation faced bysteel-frame operations were analyzed,
which made clear the fact that steelframe related operations are specialized and subdivided to cover thosefrom upstream to downstream (fromsteel product manufacturers, distributors and intermediate steel member
fabricators to designers, inspection
agencies and construction companies). Given these circumstances, thereport set out the duty of engineers
working in these fields on the basis ofprocess control to be attained by related parties.
In response to this report, the Japanese Society of Steel Construction(JSSC) established the Special Committee for Steel Structures in July 1993, which made comprehensive
studies mainly on the current situation of steel structure-related fields,
specialized engineers and legal systems over a period of three years. In
addition, the Committee discussed thecessive media coverage on the problems involved in inferior-quality steel
structures, which thus led to a wellknown fact among general public.
Among the specific issues at that time
were the unproper use of steel type,the unproper use of full-penetration
welding and fillet welding, the forgery of inspection reports and the twopiece separation of steel plates.
In order to solve these problems,
the Technical Committee for Rationalization of Problems in Steel Structural Buildings was established in March
1993 as an advisory committee of the
Housing Bureau of the Construction
Ministry (currently Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism). As a result of various discussions promoted by the committee, theReport on Rationalization of the Problems in Steel Structure Buildings was
finally prepared and submitted.
In this report, necessary measures
were shown-appropriate quality
control of steel products themselves,
quality optimization in steel-frameFig. 1 Transition in Construction Starts of Floor Areas by Structural Type
Steel-reinforced concrete composite structure
Steel structure
Other types

Wooden structure
Reinforced-concrete structure
Concrete-block structure(1,000 ㎡)
120,000

Great Hanshin Awaji
Earthquake of 1995

Kumamoto
Earthquake of 2016

100,000

Great East Japan
Earthquake of 20112007: Revision of
Building Standard Law

80,0001991: Problems involvedin cleaved plate andinferior-quality steel frame

60,00040,0001998: Organization of
Building Steel Structure
Qualification of JSSC

20

20

17

20

14

11

20

20

05
20

02

20

99

19

96

19

93

19

90
19

87

84

19

81

19

19

78

19

75

72

1 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

19

19

69

19

66
19

63

19

60
19

57

54

19

19

19

51

0

2018: Revision of JASS6 etc.

1993: Committee on Inspectionof Building Technology

20

20,00008

1977-1984: Conferenceon Steel-frame Problems

measure to secure the quality of steelstructure buildings and the qualification system to secure the quality ofengineers working in steel structure
construction proposed in the Report.
Given these conditions, the Organization for Building Steel Structure
Qualification (OBSSQ) was established within JSSC in July 1996 withthe participation of construction-related organizations, experts and administrative agencies, which initiated the
System of Qualifications of Quality
Control Administrator for Constructional Steel Structure in 1998 as aconsensus of steel structure construction-related industries.
Role and Organization of
OBSSQ
In order to nurture the engineers engaged in steel structure construction
and maintain and improve the quality-control system of plants engaged
in stainless steel fabrication and other similar operations, OBSSQ has im-

plemented the qualification and registration of various types of engineersand fabrication plants. Further, in order to promote the fair implementation and operation of qualification systems, OBSSQ has established
two organizations with the participation of representatives from related
fields-the Administrative Meetingas the supreme deliberative organ of
OBSSQ and the Certifying Committee
in charge of the qualification and registration of various types of engineersand fabrication plants.
In order to promote the proper operation of the qualification systems
for various types of engineers and fabrication plants and as the organization
affiliated with the Certifying Committee, two organizations have been established based on the type of qualification to promote their respective
operations-the Technical Committee that conducts approvals of training/examination implementation procedures and pass/fail decisions, andthe Execution Committee in charge ofthe preparation of examination texts,
preparation of training texts and implementation of training and examination. (Refer to Fig. 2)
Transition in OBSSQ Operations
OBSSQ started the operation of the
Authorization and Registration System for Plants to Manufacture Anchor
Bolts for Use for Building Structuresin 2005 with the aim of securing thesafety of the steel structures used inbuilding construction. (Following thestandardization of anchor bolts in theJapanese Industrial Standards, the operation of this System came to an end
in 2015.)
In 2006, OBSSQ established theCommittee on Architectural Education and Information aiming mainly atfurnishing information to qualified individuals registered in OBSSQ. This
Committee continues its operations.
In 2008, OBSSQ inaugurated theCommittee on the Certification ofFig. 2 Organization for Building Steel Structure Qualification (OBSSQ)-Organization and Operations
Administrative Meeting
Major deliberations• Basic matters concerning OBSSQ operations• Planning of yearly operations and preparation ofincome/expenditure budget• Report of yearly operation results andsettlement of account• Other important matters concerning qualification
operations

Certifying Committee
Major operations• Basic matters concerning certification operations• Planning of yearly certification operations andpreparation of income/expenditure budget
concerning certification operations• Report of yearly operation results and settlementof account concerning certification operations• Certification of various types of engineers andmember fabrication plants• Registration and administration of various typesof engineers and member fabrication plants• Adjustment between technical committees
under the Certifying Committee• Adjustment of other important mattersconcerning certification operations

Organization of Various
Technical Committees

Organization of Various
Execution Committees

Major operations• Confirmation of skills and knowhow
required for engineers to possess• Decision to pass or fall
• Selection of members participating
in execution committee organization• Approval of important mattersconcerning examination and training

Major operations• Working out of implementation proceduresfor examination and training• Preparation of examination questions,compilation of texts• Implementation of examination and training• Marking and preparation of draft for decision
to pass or fall
• Other matters concerning examinationand training

Technical Committee on
Administrative Engineers forHigh-tension Bolt Joints

Execution Committee on Administrative
Engineers for High-tension Bolt Joints

Technical Committee on
Supervisors for Steel Construction
Works

Execution Committee on Supervisors
for Steel Construction Works

Technical Committee on StainlessSteel Fabrication Plants

Stainless steel structural member fabrication plants
Stainless steel intermediate structural member
fabrication plants
Stainless steel high-strength bolt manufacturing plants
Structural stainless steel bolt manufacturing plants

Technical Committee on StainlessSteel Engineers

Stainless steel structural member
fabrication-control engineers
Stainless steel high-strength bolt joining engineers
Stainless steel structural member welders

Committee on Architectural Education
and Information
Major operations• Basic matters concerning architectural education and information operations• Planning of yearly operations and preparation of income/expenditure budget
concerning architectural education and information operations• Report of yearly operation results and settlement of account concerning
architectural education and information operations• Adjustment between technical committees concerning architectural educationand information operations• Adjustment of other important matters concerning architectural educationand information operations

December 2022 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 2

Steel Product Quality. In this Committee, discussions are made on the concepts, steps and methods for confirming and guaranteeing the quality ofsteel products in practical use.
Following the merger of JSSC andthe Stainless-Steel Building Association of Japan in 2010, OBSSQ has
also become responsible for the operation and implementation of thequalification of stainless steel-related
engineers and fabrication plants that
had previously been managed by the
Association.
In 2019, the two qualifications of“building steel structure inspection engineers” and “building steel structure
UST engineers,” for which OBSSQ
had been responsible for integrated
management since its establishment,
were transferred to the newly-established Steel-fabrication Engineers Education Center.
Qualification of Engineers andFabrication Plants
Currently, OBSSQ operates the qualification shown in the table below:

Growing Role of OBSSQqualified Engineers
When constructing steel-structurebuildings, various types of engineers
qualified and registered by OBSSQ
are specified as the steel structurespecialized engineers by the project
owners, construction managers, general contractors and administrative organs.
A manual, the Guidelines on Building Construction Supervision (editorial supervisor: the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism), has been prepared for use as
the common specifications in building construction, in which the Administrative Engineers for High-tension
Bolt Joints and the Supervisors for
Steel Construction Works qualified by
OBSSQ are specified as the construction supervision engineers required
for steel structure construction. In thisway, OBSSQ qualification is well utilized.
The guidelines prepared by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government showthat it is desirable to appoint Super-

Qualification of engineers

No. of qualified persons

Supervisor for steel construction works

8,434

Administrative engineer for high-tension bolt joint

8,083

Administrative engineer for stainless steel member fabrication

38

Engineer for stainless steel structure high-tension bolt joining

100

Welder for stainless steel structure37

Total of qualified persons

Qualification of fabrication plants

visors for Steel Construction Works
to be in charge of acceptance inspections in steel structure construction. Further, the comments ofdesign companies show the participation of OBSSQ-qualified engineers
in construction projects. In this way,
OBSSQ-qualified engineers are playing an active part in the field of practical steel structure construction.
Expectations are high for OBSSQqualified engineers not only to play a
growing part but to contribute toward
the improvement of quality control insteel structure construction.

16,696

No. of qualified plants

Stainless steel structure fabrication plant5

Stainless steel intermediate member fabrication plant2

Stainless steel high-strength bolt manufacturing plant

5

Structural stainless steel bolt manufacturing plant4

Total of qualified plants

16

Application of steel structure construction shows
steady increase in building construction in Japan.

3 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

Feature Article: Qualifications for Steel Construction Engineers in Japan (2)Supervisors for Steel Construction
Works

Organization for Building Steel Structure Qualificationof the Japanese Society of Steel Construction
Establishment of Supervisors for
Steel Construction Works
The so-called “qualification system
for supervisors for steel structure construction” originated in the activities of
the Specialized Subcommittee on Steel
Structures of the Building Contractors
Society (BCS)-currently the Japan
Federation of Construction Contractors.
In the period from the end of the 1980s
to the beginning of the 1990s, the quality issues involved in steel structure construction occurred frequently. Based on
careful review of these issues, the Specialized Subcommittee on Steel Structures considered it necessary to raise thequality of engineers in charge of steel
structure construction who are working
at construction sites of general contractors, and in 1993 voluntarily started tohold a course for the training of supervisors for steel structure construction.
Initially, BCS held the training coursewith a target of 5,000 participants from
BCS member general contractors, but
this target was cleared at an early stage.
In addition, it was required that theabove-mentioned qualification system
not only target BCS member generalcontractors but also function as an open
qualification system. As a result, it was
decided that the “qualification system forsupervisors for steel structure construc-Fig. 1 Itemized Fields in the Application of New Steelstructure Construction Supervisors in 2021
Inspection company
OthersDesign company

Steel-frame
fabrication company
14%

General contractortion” be transferred to the Organizationfor Building Steel Structure Qualification (OBSSQ) of the Japanese Society of
Steel Construction.
In 1998, the qualification system wastransferred from BCS to the OBSSQ of
JSSC, and this system has been operated
as the Qualification System for Supervisors for Steel Construction Works sincethen. Most of the engineers qualified un-

der this system cover those working in
general contractors, but the qualification
field has been expanded to include thoseworking in fabricators in charge of steel
frame manufacture. As of April 2022, a
total of 8,434 engineers are registered as
qualified supervisors under this system.
(Refer to Figs. 1 and 2)

Fig. 2 Transition in the Number of Supervisors for Steel Construction Works
Special qualification

Accumulated total of qualifications
Accumulated number of qualified supervisors

Renewed qualification

Number of qualified supervisors

New qualification

Certification year
December 2022 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 4

Role of Supervisors for Steel
Construction Works
Supervisors for steel construction works
are positioned as a qualified engineer who
has the capability with which the quality
and operation controls can be undertaken
in an integrated manner-from the planning of steel structure construction to thecompletion of the building. In steel structure construction, while qualified engineers in various specialized fields such as
high-strength bolt fastening, welding andinspection play an important role, the supervisor for steel construction works is
not a qualified engineer working in suchspecialized fields but assumes the role ofa generalist who undertakes the integrated control of wide-ranging operations involved in building construction.
Specific operations involved in steel
structure construction covers a wide
range of fields-from instruction andguidance at the stage of ordering steelstructure fabrications prior to the delivery of fabricated steel frames to theconstruction site to the inspection of fabricated steel frames covering acceptanceinspection, the proper control of all onsite construction operations, erection
control and the preparation of details forvarious operations in steel structure construction. The supervisor for steel construction works possesses the capability to instruct these operations to on-site
workers, and thus is playing diverse roles
in various aspects in practical steel structure construction.
Procedures to Acquire Qualification
In order to acquire qualification as a supervisor for steel construction works, it

is required to attend the training course
and to pass an examination to be held
afterwards. Further, in the case of newly taking an examination, it is required
to meet the number of years of practicalwork experience. More specifically, it isstipulated that “those who wish to newly take an examination not only are engaged in design, construction supervision or construction operations but also
have three years or more of experiencein the supervision/management of practical steel-structure construction. Although the years of experience was five
years or more until 2020, the chance for
newly taking an examination was expanded with the aim of further improving on-site supervision operations withthe participation of qualified supervisors.
The training course has typically
been held nationwide using a face-toface system, but in the current situationof COVID-19, videotaped lectures aredelivered on an on-demand basis, andtrainees can view the videotaped lectures as many times as necessary. The
lectures in the training course are delivered by expert lecturers with extensive
experience as an engineer working for ageneral contractor (Table 1).
The textbook used in the training
course explains in details the key factors that should be taken into accountby engineers in charge of construction
while following the respective stages from planning to completion. (Refer to the Appendix) This textbook is ofcourse used as teaching materials in the
training course and for examination, but
it can also be used as a manual in the

Table 1 Outline of Lecture Programs Used for the
Qualification Examination for
New Supervisors for Steel Construction
Works (Qualification Examination in 2022)• Videotape viewing period: August 8 to October 25, 2002
• Examination date: September 3 to October 25, 2022
Lecture title

Time
(min)

Program 1:• Objective of Lectures• Planning of Steel Structure Construction

About 65

Program 2• Steel-frame Fabrication Control andAcceptance Inspection

About 75

Program 3• On-site Execution Control of Steel Structure
Construction

About 100

New supervisor: Written examination

50

5 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

case of issues faced at actual construction sites.
After viewing the videotaped lectures, candidates for examination take apractical examination at a venue, where
the examination date, time and place
are specified in advance. Examinationquestions are adapted to practical construction conditions and are preparedby people working for general contractors and having a thorough knowledgeof construction sites. Efforts are also
made to foster knowledge through examination.
Renewal of Qualifications
The period of validity of qualifications
has been settled at five years. Qualifications can then be renewed by completing the renewal procedure before
the expiration of its term. In order to renew qualifications, it is required to attend the training course and take a renewal examination.
As for the lecture content in the training course, OBSSQ asks for university
professors involved in steel structure
construction nationwide and experts
with a thorough knowledge of practicalbuilding construction to deliver keynote
lectures on the content of latest studies
so as to further brush up the knowledge
on steel structure construction. Those
who attend the lectures can freely view
videotaped lectures.
Then, after viewing the required videotaped lecture, a written examination is held. In the examination, it isrequired for the qualification renewal
candidate to look at photos showing defects in steel-structure construction that

Table 2 A List of Titles of Keynote Lectures for Supervisors for
Steel Construction Works (Renewal of Qualification) in 2022
SymbolLecture title

P 1-1

Past Huge-scale Disasters and Safety and Security

P 1-2

Outline of Preventive Rules for Disorders Caused by Specified
Chemical Substances and Countermeasures against Disorders

P 1-3

Treatment of Hot-dop Zinc Coating (Basics, Design and Phenomenon)

P 1-4

Disasters of Steel-structure Buildings in the Great Hanshin Awaji
Earthquake (Jan. 1, 1995) and Subsequent Moves

P 1-5

Seismic Forces in Future Mega-scale Earthquakes and Examples ofCountermeasure to Be Provided for Steel Structures

P 1-6

Trends in Seismic Design of Buildings Employing Steel Products

P 1-7

Design and Construction of Buildings Employing High-strength
Steel Products

P 1-8

Dynamical Performance of Beam-end Connection of Steel Structures
Employing Prefabricated Weld Built-up H-shapes

P 1-9

Blowholes Caused by Corrosion-protection Agents for Exclusive Use
for Groovesmay occur at the construction site andthen to describe the details of the defectand their preventive measures, throughwhich OBSSQ also works to firmly establish their knowledge and improvetheir capability to treat defects and other construction-related problems occurring at the construction site. (Refer toTable 2)

Towards Raising the Level ofSupervisors
As stated above, supervisors for steel
construction works play an importantrole in the improvement of quality control in steel structure construction. In order to nurture the supervisors appropriate for this purpose, JSSC promotes thedevelopment of human resources bygathering together the experience andknowledge of top-level engineers of general contractors and experts, and plans tocontinue its utmost efforts for raising thelevel of the content of training programs
while at the same time accurately meeting the current circumstances faced bysteel structure construction.

(Appendix)• Flow of Supervision of Steel Structure Construction (draft)【Construction planning andcommunication】【Plant fabrication】【Product inspection】【Site construction】

Check design documents
Understand construction
conditions
Examine material/labor market conditions
Check field conditions
Set basic construction policies

Judge and select fabrication plants

Make basic process plan

Order materials

Anchoring work plan
Plan building and joining

Check materials

Decide acceptanceinspection methods

Plan temporary equipment

Decide fabrication-related
construction

Select non-destructive
inspection companies

Select specialized contractors

Plan personnel
Prepare construction plan

Approve structure schemes

Communicate plan details
Send notifications and applications
to government agencies

Check building procedures
Approve fabrication
procedures

Approve non-destructive
inspection procedures

Conduct safety check for
self-standing structural steel

Technical performance test
for welders
Conduct internal inspection

Check construction
procedures

Conduct interim inspection

Conduct safety check for machines
and working platforms

Conduct acceptance inspection

Inspect anchor bolts
Inspection of base mortar
and groutInspection of structural steelbuilding and realignment
Check temporary equipment

Acceptance inspection ofhigh-strength bolts

Tightening inspection ofhigh-strength bolts
Inspection of construction
site welds
Inspection of deck plates
and headed studs
Inspection of coating

Report results togovernment agencies

Inspection of fire resistantcoating
To next process

Source: Technical Recommendations for Steel Construction for Buildings:
Part 2 Guide to Erection and Construction in Site, Architectural Institute of Japan
December 2022 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 6

Feature Article: Qualifications for Steel Construction Engineers in Japan (3)Supervisors for Steel Construction Works-Qualification Exam Textbook-

Organization for Building Steel Structure Qualificationof the Japanese Society of Steel Construction
Aim of the Textbook
The Supervisors for Steel Construction Works-Qualification Exam Textbook, published by the Organization for
Building Steel Structure Qualification(OBSSQ), has been prepared for those
who newly attend lectures and take anentrance examination relating to supervisors for steel construction works, andas materials for use for continued learning for those who renew their supervisor
qualifications.
In the compilation of this textbook,many experts from diverse fields haveparticipated-university, public andprivate research organizations, related industry associations, design companies and general contractors (refer tothe Editorial Committee in the Appendix).
The “supervisor for steel construction works” is a qualified engineer who
can supervise a series of processes involved in steel structure construction-from the preparation of constructionplans to the completion of construction
works (refer to Flow of Supervision of
Steel Structure Construction on the previous page). The textbook is composedof content in conformity with the major goals of developing human resources for new supervisors and further upgrading the quality of steel structure
construction by brushing up the knowhow of qualified supervisors for steel
construction works.
Outline of the Textbook
The textbook is composed of six chapters.
• Chapter 1
Description of advance confirmation
items (confirmation of specifications,etc.) prior to working out the construction plan to be required at the stage ofpreparing the steel structure construction
and key factors to be confirmed at thestage of working out the practical construction plan
• Chapter 2
Comments on the selection of steelframe fabrication plants (fabricators)
and related construction companies, de7 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

scription of how to confirm whether or
not the selected fabricator has the necessary capability to manufacture steelframe members while securing the design quality specified in the documentsof the design in which the selected fabricator participates• Chapter 3
Preparation of steel member fabrication
procedures, UST flaw detection and other member inspection procedures, confirmation of design documents and welders and explanation of various tests• Chapter 4
Confirmation of specific factors involved in interim inspection, member
fabrication-stage inspection and acceptance inspection with practical photos,
detailed explanation to confirm the conditions pertaining to cutting, groove processing, drilling and assembly• Chapter 5
Extensive explanation of specific confirmation points at practical steel-structure
construction sites-erection
method and erection processcontrol, confirmation of
crane and other equipment
and safe operations, measures to secure worker safety, position/dimension/configuration of anchor bolts
and base mortar, erection
and plumbing correction ofsteel frames, acceptance/on-site bolting/inspection ofhigh-strength bolts, on-sitequalified welders, control
of welding heat inputs andpass-to-pass temperatures,inspection of welds• Chapter 6
Description of control points
on deck plate erection, corrosion-protection coating(heavy-duty corrosion-protection coating and galvanizing), and fire-protection
coating(For more details, refer toTable of Contents in the Appendix)

English-version Textbook
The purpose of publishing an English
version of the textbook lies in the dissemination of information on steel-structure technologies in Japan, particularly
steel-structure construction supervisingsystems and methods, through which it
is expected for these systems and methods to be diffused overseas. Meanwhile,
because construction environments andconditions differ in each country, it ishoped that the textbook will be helpful
for you as a reference to Japanese examples.

Japanese version of Supervisors for Steel Construction
Works-Qualification Exam Textbook

(Appendix)

Supervisors for Steel Construction Works-Qualification Exam Textbook-• Editorial Committee and Committee Members of the Organization for Building Steel Structure Qualification
List of Members of Specialized Committee on Supervisors for Steel Construction Works (FY2022)
Title
ChairmanMemberName

Affiliation/Role

Affiliation

Kikuo Ikarashi

Architecture Professor, School of Environment andSociety, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Japanese Society of Steel Construction

Takashi Hasegawa

Senior Researcher, Structural Research Group

Building Research Institute

Makoto Karasawa

Kanou Structural Design

Japan Federation of Architects and Building
Engineers Associations

Takao Sonobe

SPC Design, Inc.

Japan Structural Consultants Association

Toru ShimaToda Corporation
Architectural construction technical director, architectural
construction supervision division

Japan Federation of Construction Contractors

Kenkou Kawai

Nishimatsu Construction Co., Ltd., main building projects
division
Chief of Structural Design Department

Japan Construction Industry Association

Yasuo Shoji

Deputy Director-General and Technical Director

Japan Steel Constructors Association

Hiroyuki Shinmura

Manager of Technology Department

Japan Steel Fabricators Association

Masanori Mori

Takenaka Corporation
Technology Department, Tokyo Head Office

Chairman of the Structural Steel Construction
Manager Executive Committee

List of Members of Execution Committee on Supervisors for Steel Construction Works (FY2022)
Title

Name

Affiliation/Role

Affiliation

Chairman

Masanori Mori

Takenaka Corporation
Technology Department, Tokyo Head Office

Japan Federation of Construction Contractors

Vice
ChairmanKenzo Morioka

Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd.
General Manager of Building Technology Department,
Head Office of Construction

Japan Federation of Construction Contractors

Akira Inubushi

Shimizu Corporation
Lead Examiner, Production Technology Office,Construction Administration Office

Japan Federation of Construction Contractors

Toru ShimaToda Corporation
Architectural Construction Technical Director, Architectural
Construction Supervision Division

Japan Federation of Construction Contractors

Akihiro Endo

Construction Technology Division, Construction
Administration Office, Kajima Corporation
General Manager of Technology Consulting Group

Japan Federation of Construction Contractors

Hirokazu Tanaka

Okumura Corporation, East Japan Branch
Construction Design Department, Division 2

Japan Construction Industry Association

Makoto Karasawa

Kano Structural Design

Japan Structural Consultants Association

Takao Sonobe

SPC Design, Inc.

Japan Federation of Architects and Building
Engineers Associations

MemberList of Members of Textbook Committee on Supervisors for Steel Construction Works (FY2022)
Title
ChairmanMemberName

Affiliation/Role

Kenzo Morioka

Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd
General Manager of Building Technology Department, Head Office of Construction

Akira Inubushi

Shimizu Corporation
Lead Examiner, Production Technology Office, Construction Administration Office

Makoto Sugiyama

AXS Satow Inc.
Technology Office, Inspection Supervision, Construction Manager, Technical Leader

Kiyohide Seki

President, SEG Corporation

Kazumasa Doi

Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd.
Project Engineer, Structural Design Division, Head Office of Construction

Satoshi Fujiwara

Maeda Corporation
Chief Engineer, Construction Technology Department, Construction Office

December 2022 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 8• Table of Contents (draft)

Chapter 1 Basics of structural steel construction
1.1
Construction management
1.2
Preparation for structural steel construction planning
1.3
Form a construction plan
1.4
Preparing and communicating construction plans
1.5
Preparing and submitting documents for notifications and applications
1.6
Ordering materials and checking quality
Chapter 2 Selecting structural steel factories and related construction companies
2.1
Judging and selecting structural steel factories
2.2
Judging and selecting ultrasonic testing companies
2.3
Selecting specialized structural steel construction companies
and companies for related construction

1
2
7
10
11
12

17
22
23

Chapter 3 Checking documents and performing tests and inspections
3.1
Checking fabrication procedures
3.2
Checking structure schemes and full-scale drawings
3.3
Weld inspection procedures
3.4
Checking welding coordinators and welders
3.5
Technical performance tests and execution tests
3.6
Material tests
3.7
Inspection methods

25
26
31
35
38
40
43

Chapter 4 Interim inspections (fabrication stage inspections) and acceptance inspections
4.1
Interim inspections (fabrication stage inspections)
4.2
Acceptance inspections

49
58

Chapter 5 Field construction
5.1
Planning on-site structural steel construction
5.2
Checking safety of cranes, working platforms, scaffolding, and other equipment
5.3
Placement, dimensions, and shapes of anchor bolts and base mortar
5.4
Steel frame building and realignment
5.5
Accepting, constructing on-site, and inspecting high-strength bolts
5.6
Bolt joining
5.7
Site welding

67
70
75
79
88
90
91

Chapter 6 Construction related to structural steel
6.1
Regarding deck plates
6.2
Anti-corrosion coating
6.3
Hot-dip galvanization methods
6.4
Fire resistant coating

99
103
106
108

Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6

Welding-related terms
Revised content of the Building Standards Act
Applicable scope and additional items per grade
Methods of identifying types of steel (steel plates) using coating line displays
and colored symbols
Methods of identifying types of steel (steel tubes) by coating line display
Process of constructing structural steel and list of related materials

9 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

112
115
128
131
131
132

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December 2022 Steel Construction Today
& Tomorrow 10

Special Topic

Seismic Evaluation of Building Frames
Using SN Steelby Muslinang Moestopo
Associate Professor, Bandung Instituteof Technology
Vice Chair of Design Technical Committee,
Indonesian Society of Steel Construction

This article presents a result of joint
research project between JapaneseSociety of Steel Construction, The Japan Iron and Steel Federation, and Indonesian Society of Steel Construction.

Muslinang Moestopo: He received his Bachelor Degree
in Civil Engineering from Bandung Institute of Technology,
Indonesia in 1985, and MSEM and Ph.D from Universityof Wisconsin, USA respectively in 1989 and 1994. He currently serves as Associate Professor at Bandung Institute ofTechnology and concurrently as Vice Chair of the Technical
Design Committee of the Indonesian Society of Steel Construction (ISSC).

of four-story office buildings in softsoil at Bandung, West-Java, according
to Indonesian Steel Seismic Building
Codes. Two identical structural frames
were analyzed, using SN490B andcommonly used SS400 steels, respectively. The frame model and data of
the building are shown in Figure 1 andTable 1. The building design parameters are determined based on the Indonesian Seismic Loading Code (SNI
1726: 2019), as shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Seismic Design Parameter
Risk category

II

Importance factor

1.0

SDS

0.6987 g

SD1

0.6415 g

Seismic design category

D

Response modification coefficient, R

8

Needs for Higher Seismic
Overstrength factor, Ωo
3Performance Steel
Deflection amplification factor, Cd 5.5
The need for reliable seismic resisRedundancy factor, ρ
1.0tant structures is indispensable for
Drift
limit
2.5 %
earthquake prone area such as Indonesia. The Indonesian seismic resistant building codes have been updatTable 1 Data of Steel Building
ed since 2002, including the seismic
Dimension
Typical 4-story (40 m × 40 m, 5 × 8 m in each direction)
provisions for structural steel buildSteel materials
SS400*
SN490**
ings. The recent codes are the adopYield stress, Fy, MPa
235
325
tion of some U.S. building codes, i.e.
Tensile strength, Fu, MPa
400
490
Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and OthSectional member
Wide flangeer Structures (ASCE 7-16), SpecifiSeismic resisting system Special moment frames on building perimetercation for Structural Steel Buildings
Gravity resisting system
Gravity frames on building interior(AISC 360-10), and Seismic ProviBuilding irregularity
No (vertical and horizontal)
sions for Structural Steel Buildings
Building standards
SNI 1726: 2019, SNI 1729: 2015, SNI 7860: 2015, equivalent(AISC 341-10). The codes will be upto ASCE 7-16 (seismic part), AISC 360-10, AISC 341-10
dated following the revision of the*JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) G3101: SS400 (rolled steels for general structure)**JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) G3136: SN490 (rolled steels for building structure)
U.S. building codes. In addition to
the code compliance,
the need for a highFigure 1 Structural Model of 4-story Office Building
er performance steel(a) 3D model(b) Typical planmaterial is also essential to secure theperformance of seismic resistant structure as stated in recent
Codes.
Evaluation of
Structural
Performancesof SN490B andSS400
A study has been conducted to evaluate
the use of SN490B
steel in the design
SMF system
11 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

Preliminary design was proposed
for both frame models using the wideflange sections. The structural analysis for the seismic loading combination, i.e. 1.2 dead load + 1.0 live load
+ 1.0 earthquake, governed the designof beam elements. Due to the requirement for highly ductile member, theuse of available beam sections in special moment frames resulted in less“demand-capacity ratio” (DCR) thanbeam elements in gravity frames, forboth SS and SN frames.
The capacity design was conducted to determine the dimension of columns that are parts of special moment
frames according to the Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings(SNI 7860:2015). Since the provision
only specifies the Ry value (= expected yield stress/specified yield stress)
for ASTM steels, the design assumed
Ry = 1.5 for SS400 and Ry = 1.338
for SN490B, which corresponds to
the Ry values for ASTM A36 and data from AIJ Proceeding (2015): “Statistical Study on Mechanical Properties and Chemical Compositions of SN
Steels.” This Ry value is critical in thedesign stage as well as in the analysisof structural performance.

umns due to its higher yield stress (1.3
times higher than yield stress of theSS400) and lower Ry value. Tables 3
and 4 show the DCR of special moment frames and gravity frames, respectively. The seismic requirement
for the drift limit of 2.5% required
heavier column sections so that the
DCR for special moment frame of
SN steel could not be maximized. On
other hand, the DCR for the gravity
frames of both SS and SN steels canbe maximized since they were leaning columns that are not part of lateral force resisting system with its stringent slenderness limit.
Figure 2 shows the interstory driftof both frames. The drift requirement
eventually prevents to maximize the
DCR of special moment frames, especially for SN frame. In other words, the

3F

2F

lF

SS400
WF500x200
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF588x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200
WF600x200
WF588x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200
WF600x200
WF700x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200
WF600x200

0.198
0.788
0.843
0.294
0.954
0.865
0.910
0.902
0.510
0.954
0.865
0.910
0.902
0.821
0.954
0.882
0.910
0.902

Weight (kg)Element

SS400

SN490B

Column95,72682,061

Beam

171,962

149,747

Sub-beam

57,25151,491

Total

324,939283,299
41,639(12.81 %)Deviation(a) SS400

5

4

4

3

3

Story

Story

5

2
1
0
0.00

(b) SN490B

2
1

SS400
1.00

Table 3 DCR for Special Moment Frames
Element
ColumnBeam
BeamColumn
Beam
Beam
Beam
Beam
Column
Beam
Beam
Beam
Beam
Column
Beam
Beam
Beam
Beam

Table 5 Structural Steel Weight

Figure 2 Interstory Drift

Higher Performance of SN490B
Steel
The design for the two buildings
showed that the SN frame provided smaller sections of beams and col-

Story
4F

advantages of using SN490B will be
more evident for building design which
is not governed by the drift limit.
The design for the two frames
shows that the SN frame provides
12.81 % less weight of columns andbeams than the SS frame (Table 5).

SN490B

Drift (%)

2.00

3.00

0
0.00

SS400
1.00

SN490B

Drift (%)

2.00

3.00

Table 4 DCR for Gravity Frames

SN490B
WF500x200
0.153
WF350x175
0.878
WF400x200
0.776
WF600x200
0.394
WF400x200
0.801
WF450x200
0.846
WF500x200
0.888

Story
4F

WF588x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200

0.384
0.801
0.846
0.888

2F

WF588x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200

0.738
0.819
0.846
0.888

lF

3F

Element
ColumnBeam
BeamColumn
Beam
Beam
Beam
Beam
Column
Beam
Beam
Beam
Beam
Column
Beam
Beam
Beam
Beam

SS400
WF500x200
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF588x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200
WF600x200
WF588x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200
WF600x200
WF700x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200
WF600x200

0.197
0.788
0.843
0.293
0.954
0.865
0.910
0.902
0.509
0.954
0.865
0.910
0.902
0.811
0.954
0.882
0.910
0.902

SN490B
WF500x200
0.152
WF350x l75
0.878
WF400x200
0.776
WF600x200
0.394
WF400x200
0.801
WF450x200
0.846
WF500x200
0.888
WF588x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200

0.399
0.801
0.846
0.888

WF588x300
WF400x200
WF450x200
WF500x200

0.686
0.819
0.846
0.888

December 2022 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 12

This number is expected to be higher
for building with more effective lateral displacement resisting system (e.q.
braced frames, dual system with shearwall), since the design is not governedby the drift limit, so that the DCR ofstructural members (e.q. beam, column, bracing) could be maximized.
A non-linear static push over analysis was conducted to evaluate theperformance of the two frames using
the backbone of plastic hinge model with its parameters according to
ASCE 41-17 (Section 9.4: Steel Moment Frames) as shown in Figure 3.
The performance of structure was also
determined according to acceptancecriteria stated in Section 7.6: Alternate Modeling Parameters and Acceptance Criteria. Figure 4 shows theillustration of acceptance criteria that
includes Immediate Occupancy (IO),
Life Safety (LS), and Collapse Prevention (CP).
The result of push-over analysis in
Figures 5 (a) and (b) shows the good
performance of SN frame in addition to its advantage in steel weight,
as compared to SS frame. The perfor-

mance points of SN frame in both X
and Y directions and of SS frame in
Y-direction indicate Immediate Occupancy, while the performance point ofSS frame in X-direction indicates Life
Safety.
The higher overstrength as well as
the higher ductility of SN frame in Xdirection and Y-direction are supported by a good plastic hinge formation.
Figures 6 and 7 show the plastic hinge
formation at the final step in SS frame
and SN frame, respectively. The red
dot indicates the strength loss on theelements (represented by point D in
the plastic hinge model in Figure 3).
The strength loss on beam elements is
identified in SN frame, and not on column elements as in SS frame. The useof stronger column of a slightly heavier section in the SN frame is expected to prevent building collapse by still
maintaining the less structural weight
than the SS frame.
Furthermore, the good plastic hinge
formation results in a higher capacityof dissipated energy (Figure 8), whichindicates a better seismic performance. The good performance of SN

frame could be further improved, i.e.
by the use of larger sections, whichleads to less DCR and slightly heavier structure, but still provides a considerably lighter structure than the SS
frame.
Additional Application
Advantages of SN490B SteelMore advantages of using the SN490B
steel have been well recognized asfollows:• Limitation of upper yield stress to ensure the final collapse mechanism offrames as it assumed at design stage;• Restrict yield ratio (yield stress totensile strength) to 0.80 or lower, toprovide better over-strength capacity;• Limitation of fracture toughness index higher than 27 Joule at 0°C to provide better weldability for better performance of connection; andLimitsthe carbon, phosphorus, sulphur,•and specified weld cracking sensitivity composition, to secure the weldability, workability and resistance tothrough-thickness cracking.

Figure 5 Push over for SS and SN Frames
Figure 3 Plastic Hinge Model(ASCE 41-17)

Figure 5 Push over for SS and SN Frames(a) X-direction(a) X-direction

16

BaseBase
shear
shear
(kN) (kN)
3
× 10×
103

14
16
12
14
10
12
8
10
6
8
4
6
2
4
0
2
0

1

2

0

1

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

Drift (%)
Drift (%)

Normalized force
Deformation or deformation ratio

13 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

X: Performance point(b) Y-direction
16
14
16
12
14
10
12
8
10
6
8
4
6
2
4
0
2

(b) Y-direction

BaseBase
shear
shear
(kN) (kN)
3
× 10×
103

Figure 4 Acceptance Criteria Illustration(ASCE 41-17)

0

SS400
SN490BSS400
X: Performance point
SN490B

0

0

1

2

0

1

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

Drift (%)
Drift (%)

SS400
SN490BSS400
X: Performance point
SN490B
X: Performance point

Conclusion
1. Design of two identical buildings (using SS400 steel and SN490B steel)with special moment frames has been
provided according to the recent Indonesia Seismic Building Codes. The
design shows the advantages of the
SN frame in steel weight due to its
higher yield stress and lower Ry value, and this advantage could be more

apparent when the design of building
structure is governed by the strength
limit, not by the drift limit.
2. The result of the non-linear static pushover analysis of both design frames
shows that the SN frame exhibits: (1)less structural stiffness; (2) higher
structural strength; (3) more ductile
structure; (4) better structural performance; (5) better energy dissipa-

Figure 6 Plastic Hinge Formation at the Final Loading Step for SS Frame(a) X-direction
1
A

1
B

1
C

1
D

(b) Y-direction
1
E

1
F

Story4

1
A

2
A

3
A

4
A

5
A

6
A

Story4

Story3

Story3

Story2

Story2

Story1

Story1Base

Base

Figure 7 Plastic Hinge Formation at the Final Loading Step for SN Frame(a) X-direction
1
A

1
B

1
C

1
D

(b) Y-direction
1
E

1
F

1
F

2
F

3
F

4
F

5
F

6
F

Story4

Story4

Story3

Story3

Story2

Story2

Story1

Story1Base

Basetion capacity; and (6) better plastic
hinge formation that prevents a sudden collapse due to column failure.
3. From the viewpoint of risk assessment
for building due to earthquake occurrence, the use of SN490B steel witha smaller variation of yield point ensures the structure that will perform
much closer to the design performance
which was determined for the building. This indeed will increase the performance of the building in protecting the human live and social assets.
References
1) American Society of Civil Engineers(2017), Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, ASCE/SEI
41-17.
2) Architectural Institute of Japan (2015)
Proceeding: “Statistical Study on Mechanical Properties and ChemicalCompositions of SN Steels”.
3) National Standardization Agency(2019), Seismic Loading for Structural Building and non-Building (InIndonesian), SNI 1726-2019.
4) National Standardization Agency(2019), Specification for Structural
Steel Buildings (In Indonesian), SNI
1729-2015.
5) National Standardization Agency(2019), Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (In Indonesian),
SNI 7860-2015.

Energy (kN.m)

Energy (kN.m)

Figure 8 Dissipated Energy of SS and SN Frames
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

(a) X-direction

0

1

2
3
Drift (%)

4

5

SS400
SN490B(b) Y-direction

0

1

2
3
Drift (%)

4

5

SS400
SN490B

December 2022 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 14

Serial Article: The Latest Designs of Steel Buildings in Japan (7)“myu terrace” Brings Economy,
Style to Matsuyama Univ. Campus-Steel Structure, Lightweight Roof Highlight Popular
Transparent Social SpotNikken Sekkei Ltd.
"myu terrace" is an outdoor loungelike building constructed at Matsuyama
University's Bunkyo Campus in Ehime
Prefecture, Japan. Rectangular-shaped
steel hollow framings are aligned at
the high ceiling of the structure’s wallfree space, where they bear both x- andy-axis seismic forces. They support alarge roof spanning the entire building(see Photo 1).
As a project, myu terrace has

Photo 1 Full view of myu terrace
15 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

been well received, as it has reduced
the costs and terms of construction through the reuse of a pre-existing underground foundation. It also serves environmental preservation
goals.
360-degree Accessibility
A semi-outdoor space, the terrace was
newly built in a vacant lot where the former No. 1 school building had been lo-cated, at the center of the Bunkyo Campus. A popular gathering site, it wasnevertheless seen as a somewhat hard toaccess facility.
After careful study, we took thesomewhat dramatic step of building
an architecture without an enclosure
or defined entrance points positioned
between the architecture and the landscape. We aimed to realize a comfortable space to serve groups of students

as well as individuals (refer to Figs. 1
and 2).
Utilizing the Existing Foundation
The decision to demolish the site’sNo. 1 school building created a dilemma: how to dispose of its undergroundfoundation? Its 4.5 m depth and central
location posed foreseeable concerns
related to noise and safety. In order toavoid this, it was decided to leave thefoundation intact. Reusing the existing
foundation had two benefits in reducing in both demolition and new construction costs.
Select sections of the foundation
were ultimately demolished, however,and in the sections for which new elements were needed, additional mea-sures were taken to reinforce the entire foundation. Joint bars were used tointegrate the new and old foundation
structures. Rectangular steel framings
were then loaded onto the reinforced
foundation, which supports the large
roof and the second-floor terrace.
A steel structure was deemed more
appropriate than an RC structure dueto the weight savings, and because it
would allow for a high degree of stiffness design flexibility. As the existing
foundation also had a structure of RC,
compression tests were performed after drawing out its core and redesigning it.
Well-balanced Framing
The rectangular-shaped framings were

Fig. 1 Perspective View of the Sectional Structure of myu terrace
Large roofarranged in different directions to improve myu terrace’s seismic resistance.
They bear identical sheer force in bothx- and y-axis directions (see Photo 2).
Further, they were arranged so thatthey complement each other to work
effectively with a minimum number ofunits.
Because the fixing level is high forboth the lower and upper sides of theframings, even framings with low depth
and thin wall thickness can suppress
structural deformation.
From an orthogonal perspective,
the framing is T-shaped. To address
this situation, the structural design
was made so that both rectangular andT-shaped framings could demonstrate
identical stiffness by improving theformer’s sectional configuration. Ultimately, a highly efficient building
structure was realized in which horizontal force is borne by any of theframings.

2nd floor terrace

Rectangular-shaped
steel framing
Existing undergroundstructure

Fig. 2 Plane Drawing of myu terrace
Courtyard

2nd floor

Terracemyu terrace

Powder room
1st floor

Photo 2 Arrangement of rectangular-shaped steel framings in x- and y-directions

Campus promenade

December 2022 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 16

While there are sections in which thespan between framings seems wide, thebasic span between them (12 m or less)was maintained, with their random arrangement aimed at enhancing comfort(see Photo 2 and Fig. 3).
The respective height dimensions formyu terrace were set at 5.4 m (overall),
2.6 m (ceiling-to-intermediate terrace),
and at 2.4 m (terrace-to-large roof ceiling). The logic behind these dimensions
was two-fold. First, it was thought best
not to exceed the height of the neighboring two-story classroom building. Secondly, higher heights may threaten thesense of intimacy (or “human scale”) felt
by students on and below the terrace (seeFig. 4).
The columns of the rectangular shaped
framings are composed of welded, builtup box columns. Box-shaped H-shapes

covered with plates are used as beams.
The visible weld of the built-up box columns was grinder-finished to yield a solid, seamless impression.
As to the framings’ configuration,
we envisioned an image akin to a picture frame with torn out scenes of student social exchange. Rather than pillars,for example, this kind of structure better served our expectations that myu terrace would become a memorable spacefor its users.
One featured aspect in the arrangement of the rectangular-shaped framings
is that upper beams are not built into theceiling. This owed to concept of making
the configuration look more aesthetic by“floating” the framing slightly apart fromthe ceiling. This idea was applied to thebottom of the structure as well, where theframing is set apart from the floor slab byFig. 3 Plane, Elevation and Cross Section Drawings of
myu terrace
MaximumheightSouth elevation

Fig. 5 Detail of Rectangular-shaped
Steel Framing

MaximumheightCeiling: Keystone plate type III
Al-Zn alloy-coated sheet(substrate) t=0.5
Roof: Al-Zn alloy-coated sheet(substrate) t=0.8
Lining: Polystyrene foam t=0.8
Suspension piece PL-12

H-250×250×9×14

Ceiling: Keystone plate type III
Al-Zn alloy-coated sheet(substrate) t=0.5

Backfill(good-quality earth)Upper section: rectangular-shaped steel framing
Existing undergroundstructure

Backfill(good-quality earth)
Underground foundation plane

B.BOX-350×150×16

WT-250×
350×9×12

Existing
undergroundstructure
Elevation (row Y3)

about 2 cm (see Fig. 5). The base of theframe is otherwise securely fastened using anchor bolts.
Parallel, cross-shaped steel beams
are arranged on the rectangular shaped
framing (Photo 3), across which the aluminum-zinc (Al-Zn) alloy-coated steel
sheet roof has been laid.
We intended to make the roof looklight in order to emphasize the rectangular-shaped framing. To do this, the ceilings of both the terrace and the large roof
were covered with Al-Zn sheets.
The keystone plate (a folded steel
plate using an Al-Zn sheet) was applied
as a ceiling member and to the eaves.
Identical structural members were also
used in render a lightweight appearance
to the roof.

Slightchamfering(perimeter)

Maximum heightFig. 4 Rectangular Drawing of myu terrace

Courtyard
Existing
undergroundstructure

17 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow December 2022

Existing underground structure
Use of newlybuilt foundation

Campuspromenade
SectionGalvanizing the Steel Framings
Steel framings were galvanized and displayed without decoration, as we wanted visitors to be able to enjoy the texture
and surface alterations imparted by thegalvanizing process. Careful discussions
were held about the process itself, fromthe dipping of framings into the chemicalbath to removing the zinc, etc (Photo 5).
For example, while some streaking of
the zinc coating remained on framings
after the process was completed, we saw
this as more interesting than a “clean”
finish. All of the ceilings and handrails
were galvanized. Steel is extensively
used in myu terrace’s structural members, with no decorative treatment.

Photo 5 Lifting of rectangular-shaped steel
framing from galvanizing bath

Photo 3 Parallel cross-shaped framing loads onrectangular-shaped steel framing

The eaves were also designed to account for rainwater. While the keystone
plate used for the roof was arranged in aparallel direction, the plate used for theeaves was oriented 90° to the long side.
This was due to the eaves’ added function as a rain gutter. Rainwater drawn
through the eaves is collected in the vertical downpipe installed under the roof
(see Photo 4 and Fig. 6).

Photo 4 View of 2nd floor terrace from the classroom building: The direction of the recessed
sections of the eaves changes in long-side and short-side directions.

Fig. 6 Detailed Sectional Drawings of Roof and Eaves
Maintenance hook: 50φ PL-112@1,900
Metal fitting for roof seam fastening @600

Panel attachment substrate: L-50×50×4 @600

Eaves-parting sealing board: Same material as that for roof

Tight frame

Eaves: AKD-12 @540

Draining tape: EPDM packing

Tight frame substrate: L-75×75×6 throughButyl-rubber sheet for joint section

Rafter facia fabrication
Facia board: Same material as that for roof

Tight frame substrate: C-60×30×10×t2.3 W300@1,200

Sealing board: Keystone plate-type foamed polyethylene resin W30
Al-Zn alloy-coated sheet with drainer: t=0.8
RubberKeystone plate roof: Grading 150 Mr

Sealing board: Keystone plate-type foamed
polyethylene resin W30
C-60×30×10×2.3 fabrication

C-100×50×20×t12.3 through @300

Vibration-control material
L-200×90×9×14

650
650
Gutter substrate: FB×3×32 fabrication @600
Gutter level adjustment: L-20×20×3 @600

Vertical gutter: SGP-80A

650

650
Dropout-preventive bolt (two bolts on panel)

Gutter: Acid-resistantmaterial-coated sheet t=1.0

Dust keeper: SUS mesh size, about 10 mm

Ceiling: AKD-12 @540

December 2022 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 18

Natural Light for the 2F Terrace
Natural light received on the secondfloor terrace is reflected upward, illuminating the ceiling of the large roof.
This lighting system is based on the useof a “light shelf” to reflect daylight into the building to softly brighten the entire structure. As a result, myu terrace
needs no artificial lighting during daytime hours (Photo 6).
On windy and rainy days when rainwater can fall diagonally, the secondfloor terrace serves to block and impede
this flow, demonstrating one of its many
structural virtues.
After its completion, myu terrace
evolved to host diverse social scenes,
such as students and friends gathering
for lunch and assembling under the roof,
etc. Some students use the structure as a
"bypass" route. With no glass covering,these attributes are precisely the advantages that myu terrace affords. There are
no official restrictions on who or how
the facility may be used.
Students use myu terrace in clever fashion, and in more ways than that
it was envisioned at the design stage.
They gather there to take photos after
graduation ceremonies, and use the location as a central facility for school festivals. Although not a large-scale building, we feel that myu terrace serves well
as a core site in student life. The Bunkyo
Campus is reportedly seeing a rise in visitors, and the building is likely contributing to this phenomenon in multiple ways
(see Photo 7).
Perhaps some time in the future, myu
terrace will be demolished. It is our hopethat its elegant and efficient rectangularshaped steel framing will remain as thefoundation for its successor.

Photo 6 Light expanding through the 2nd floor terrace floor and large roof ceiling

Photo 7 View of myu terrace from promenade

Outline of “myu terrace” at the Bunkyo Campus of Matsuyama University
Location
Project owner
Main application
Area
Structural typeNo. of stories
Maximum height
Eave height
Ceiling height
Architectural design
Structural design
Construction
Design period
Construction period

STEEL CONSTRUCTION TODAY & TOMORROW
Published jointly by

The Japan Iron and Steel Federation
3-2-10, Nihonbashi Kayabacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0025, Japan
Phone: 81-3-3669-4815 Fax: 81-3-3667-0245
URL https://www.jisf.or.jp/en/index.html
Japanese Society of Steel Construction
3F Aminosan Kaikan Building, 3-15-8 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
Phone: 81-3-3516-2151 Fax: 81-3-3516-2152
URL http://www.jssc.or.jp/english/index.html

19

Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture
Matsuyama University
University facility
Site area:
60,396.00 m2
Building area: 501.45 m2
Total floor area: 426.10 m2
Steel structure, mat foundation using existing undergroundstructureTwo
6.21 m
5.79 mLarge roof: 5.4 m
1st floor: 2.6 m; 2nd floor: 2.4 m
Nikken Sekkei Ltd
Nikken Sekkei Ltd
Shimizu Corporation
June 2017~October 2017
December 2017~November 2018

© 2022 The Japan Iron and Steel Federation/Japanese Society of Steel Construction
Edited byCommittee on Overseas Market Promotion, The Japan Iron and Steel Federation
Chairman (Editor): Keiji AndoP u b l i s h e d t h r e e t i m e s p e r y e a r, S T E E L C O N S T R U C T I O N TO D AY &TOMORROW is circulated to interested persons, companies and publicorganizations to promote a better understanding of steel products and theirapplication in the construction industry. Any part of this publication may be
reproduced with our permission. To download content (PDF format), please go
our website at: https://www.jisf.or.jp/en/activity/sctt/index.html. We welcome yourcomments about the publication and ask that you contact us at: sunpou@jisf.or.jp.