Realizing
Ideal Society
for 2050- Water, Foods, and Resources -CHANCE Secretariat
March 31, 2020

2
index
3,4
5

13

Summary

14,15

In order to respond to water demand

16

What can we do?

R&D and social implementation,and their challenges

6,7

What is the open platform forco-designing future society, CHANCE?

How is the ideal future toward the society in 2050? (Discussion in a workshop)

8

What will happen in Japan in 2050?

17

Mitigate uneven water distribution

9

What will happen in the world in 2050?

18,19

In order to overcome food shortage

10,11 We will face critical issues in water,

20

What can we do?

1221

food, and resources in 2050

Social issues have nexus to each other28

Begin with visualization offood distribution

Issues not discussed in depth during
the workshop

22,23

In order to reduce wastes

29

24

What can we do?

30,31 Resources and issues of CHANCE

25
26
27

Use resources based on thepremise of circulation
What picture of 2050 do you draw?
What do water, food, and resources
have in common?

We want to remove the frameworks
and take action on social issues

32

List of workshop participants (1)33List of workshop participants (2)34Colophon
Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -3Summary
In 2050, the world will enter the era of a population 10 billion and a 100-year life and will lack material resources.
The global population is expected to reach 9.4 to 10.1 billion, and theAs persons who live in 2020, we established the framework for open

average life expectancy in the world is 77.1 years in 2050. It means that

discussions beyond boundaries and scenario building to realize the ideals,

about half the population will live more than 100 years in the era. Thisthat is to say the open platform for co-designing future society, CHANCE,

would be accompanied by shortages in the fundamental materials forand exchanged views on uneven water distribution, food loss, andhuman beings to survive, such as water, food, resources, and energy.

resource cycles in 2050.
90

13

Estimate

Estimate

Future estimate

Future estimate

1280

10 billion people

10
9
8
7
6
5

Estimate

4Median estimate

3

80% prediction interval
95% prediction interval

270Australia and New Zealand
60

Europe and North America
Latin America and the Caribbean
World

50

Eastern and Southeastern Asia
Northern Africa and Western Asia
Oceania*

40

Central and Southern Asia

1

Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: Prepared with reference to World Population Prospects 2019, Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat

In 2050,
・3.9 billion people suffer from serious
water shortages.

p.10

・Food demand isconsiderably increased.

p.10

2100

2090

2080

2070

2060

2050

2040

2030

2020

2010

2000

1990

1980

1970

(Year)
1960

2100

2090

2080

2070

2060

2050

2040

2030

2020

2010

2000

1990

1980

1970

1960

30

1950

(Year)

01950

Population (billions)Average life expectancy (years)

11* Australia and New Zealand are not included in Oceania.

・Mineral resources several times
the deposits are required.

p. 22

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -4<Values in common>

Summary
The resources of water, food, mineral resources, and energy aremutually linked, in other words, they are in a nexus relationship.

Though the great growth of industry
in the past led to a wealthy society, it
has caused problems and is making
them increasingly serious now.
These values are different from traditional ones and should be required
to solve them.

Conclusion of
supply and consumption
between individuals orin a community

Breakaway from dependence
on integrated systems

To resolve every issue, it is necessary to consider the whole as asingle system and avoid contradictions and conflicts.
Through discussions, we found the factors common to the solutions
to the issues on water, food, and mineral resources for 2050.

Use of know-hows
and values mutually

Both local andglobal manners

Sharing

Circulation<Means in common>
Water consumption to use energy

Water(Hydroelectric power generation, cooling, fracking, etc.)

Real time, wide range,high resolution

Water consumption to produce food

Visualization

Energy consumption to supply water(Water intake, wastewater treatment, etc.)

Food consumption to produce energy(Biofuel, etc.)

Food

EnergyEnergy consumption to produce foodResource consumption to use energy(Thermal recycling etc.)

Energy consumption to supply resources

Environment andvalues thatkeep altering

Learning
Raw materials
Mineral resources
Food consumption to supply raw materials(Mining, recycling, etc.)

Smarter way
depending on
person, location,and occasionof the need

Matching

In order to solve the issues on material resources throughout the world,
it is necessary to visualize and beaware of changing resources in areal time manner. An appropriate
matching of people and resources isenabled only after the necessity isfulfilled. Besides, if more people
learn the changes in the natural environment and values, the society andthe lifestyle of individuals are alsochanged, and the solution to theissues will come closer.

(Bioplastics, etc.)

What is effective in answering social issues is not only just thinking but also
taking concrete action with the use of the specialty of each person.
Source: Prepared with reference to the materials provided by Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

How is the society that you want to create?

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -5
R&D and social implementation,and their challenges
Lively discussions to solve the social issues take place anywhere in anysocial categories, such as scientists, industry, policymakers, and citizens.

VisionHowever, is the vision of an ideal society shared by society? Social issues
cannot be solved only by science or only from the business aspect. It is
required that they collaborate to develop solid action.

Companies
Academia

People in the science field or its strategy planning have difficulty in leading
excellent technologies to a meaningful revolution in the world even if they
could improve them more. In particular, we see the lack of their ability to

NPO
Emerging companies

Citizens

Convergence

Local
governments

Universities

concretely describe the future where the mission of solving social issues isalready accomplished and to design and realize innovation for it.
On the other hand, though more companies engage in solving social
issues, it seems in reality that their actions are taken only from a short-term

Industrial groups
Modern society

Research institutes
Funding agencies

viewpoint of several years because they are always supposed to produce
substantial outcomes. Intrinsically, they should initiate definite actions
based on a long-term perspective. Otherwise, it is difficult to reach asolution for complex social issues.

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -6What is the open platform forco-designing future society, CHANCE?

Collaborator organizations

As already described, the vision ranging from research and development toindustrialization and social reform is essential to solving social issues.
However, the circumstances interfere with performing activities based on along-term vision in every social category. In order to break out of thisexisting condition, we thought that the framework for open discussion
beyond boundaries and scenario building to realize the ideal wasnecessary.
As a consequence, the open platform for co-designing the future society,
CHANCE (CHAllenge-driveN Convergence Engine), was born.
The thirteen organizations and the three individuals listed on the rightcollaborate with us, and each of them has a highly specialized network.
CHANCE adopts the form of a network of networks where they do not

Collaborator individuals

proceed toward the same goal as a single organization but each member
brings their specialty together while maintaining their autonomy. This
framework thus intends to generate a synergistic effect and to lead to thepractice of concrete measures.

Koichiro Eto
Senior Researcher at National Institute ofAdvanced Industrial Science and Technology;

Shoji Komai

Masahiko Sato

Associate Professor at Nara Institute of

Senior Engineer at Strategy Division,

Science and Technology

Global Center for Social Innovation,

Guest Professor at Keio University SFC;

Hitachi, Ltd.; Representative of Social

Media Artist

Innovators Global Network (SIGN) for PLANET

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -7What is the open platform forco-designing future society, CHANCE?
We are eager to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs)*1 and realizing Society 5.0*2 through this activity.

The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals to be achievedby 2030 and have the following five features:
Universal:

Action by all countries including developed*1

countries
Inclusive:“No one left behind” as fulfillment of the humansecurity principle

Participatory: Roles for all stakeholders
Integration:

Integrated economic, social, andenvironmental initiatives

Transparency: Periodic follow-up*1 Source: Promoting SDGs that Create Regional Revitalization, Cabinet Office, Cabinet Office,
Government of Japan

Society 5.0 is a vision of human-centered society thatbalances economic advancement with the resolution ofsocial problems by a system of high degree of convergence
between cyberspace (virtual space) and physical space (realspace).

*2 Source: Society 5.0, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -8What will happen in Japan in 2050?
The declining birthrate and aging population are driven much faster in Japan. The working-age population decreases considerably.
In 2050, what will our world be like?

the population in Japan will decrease to 101,920,000 and the

The birthrate is decreasing and the population is aging as of 2020 inworking-age population from 15 to 65 years old will only accounts forJapan, and this trend is expected to accelerate continually. Data from

52% of the entire population. This is supposed to cause various

the future population estimates of Japan show that in 30 years, in 2050,

problems and changes.

Transition and future estimates of aging population
140,000

Population (thousands)

120,000

100,000

80,00065 years and older (elderly)

60,000
15 to 64 years (working age)
40,00020,0000 to 14 years (young)(Year)
2065

2060

2055

2050

2045

2040

2035

2030

2025

2020

2015

2010

2005

2000

1995

1990

1985

1980

1975

1970

1965

1960

1955

1950

0

Source: Prepared with reference to Population Estimates, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications for 1950 to 2015; and Future Population Estimates in Japan (Estimates of 2017), National Institute of Population and Social Security Research

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -9What will happen in theworld in 2050?
Ever-increasing world population

The era of a population of 10 billion anda 100-year life comes to the world.

What is the global population in 2050 when the

The world’s average life expectancy is 72.6

working-age population is remarkably shrunk inyears as of 2020, and it is expected to reachJapan?

is77.1 years in 2050. It means that about half thecontinuously decreasing, the world population keeps

population will live more than 100 years in theincreasing. It gradually grows even after 2020, and it

era. In other words, the era of a population ofis expected to reach 9.4 to 10.1 billion in 2050.

10 billion and a 100-year life arrives in 2050.

While

the

population

in

Japan

90
13

Estimate

Estimate

Future estimate

Future estimate

12
80

11

9
8
7
6
5

Estimate

4Median estimate

3

80% prediction interval
95% prediction interval

270Australia and New Zealand
60

Europe and North America
Latin America and the Caribbean
World

50

Eastern and Southeastern Asia
Northern Africa and Western Asia
Oceania*

40

Central and Southern Asia

1

Sub-Saharan Africa(Year)

Source: Prepared with reference to World Population Prospects 2019, Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat

2100

2090

2080

2070

2060

2050

2040

2030

2020

2010

2000

1990

1980

1970

1960

30

1950

2090

2080

2070

2060

2050

2040

2030

2020

2010

2000

1990

1980

1970

1960

2100

(Year)

01950

Population (billions)Average life expectancy (years)

10 billion people10* Australia and New Zealand are not included in Oceania.

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -10
We will face critical issues in water, food, and resources in 2050
When the era of a population of 10 billion and a 100-year life comes in 2050, we have to face the question of how human beings will support 10 billion people.
In particular, the material resources that serve as the foundation of human life are limited. Now, these three material resources are particularly focused: water, food, and mineral resources.

Enlarging water demand

Worsening food shortage

The water demand all over the world was about 3,600 km3 in 2000 and two-thirds
was used for agriculture.

Though the population experiencing poor nutrition once decreased, it has turned
to a gradual increase in the most recent several years again. As of 2019, about 821
million people, which corresponded to more than one-ninth of the world’s
population, did not have sufficient food. If it goes on, the problem of foodshortages is expected to become more serious as the global population rises.

Between 2000 and 2050, the water demand is expected to grow mainly because
of industrial use in manufacturing (+400%), electric power generation (+140%),and domestic use (+130%), which is the increase by 55% as a whole. It is also
projected that 3.9 billion people (over 40% of the world’s population) are likely tosuffer from serious water stress by 2050.

Meanwhile, a study suggested that roughly one-third of food produced all over theworld was abandoned.** According to Global Food Losses and Food Waste (2011), FAO (the Food and Agriculture Organization)
（％）

6000

Rest of the world

BRIICSOECDElectricity

World

1 237

Manufacturing
Livestock5000

Number of undernourished (millions)

Prevalence of undernourishment (%)
1 107

17

Domestic
Irrigation (agriculture)

15

4000

947.2

977

14.5%
13

822.3

814.4

11.8%

11.6%

785.4

796.5

10.6%

10.7%

811.7

821.6

10.8%

10.8%

847

3000
11

717

2000

Source: Prepared with reference to Environmental Outlook to 2050, OECD

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

327

2010

5

2009

457

2008

7

2007

(Year)

587

2006

2050

2000

2050

2000

2050

2000

2050

0

9

2005

1000

2000

Water demand (km3)(Millions)19(Year)

Source: Prepared with reference to State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019, FAO

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -11
We will face critical issues in water, food, and resources in 2050
Increasing waste
In the context of rapid urbanization and population growth, global

The East Asia and Pacific regions now account for almost one-quarter

waste is expected to increase by 70% from the present level by 2050.

(23%) of total waste in the world. The amount of waste from theIn particular, plastic waste is regarded as a major issue. If they are not

Sub-Saharan Africa region is projected to increase to about three times

properly collected and disposed of, water paths and the ecosystem

the current level by 2050 and that of South Asia is to about two times.

may be seriously affected in the coming several centuries.

Projected waste generation by regiona. Total projected waste generationb. Projected waste generation per capita

800

3.0
714

700

516
500

490

466
396

369

400
300

269

255
129

177

289

290

342

392

440

334

2.37
2.21

2.0

468
kg (per day)Millions of tons (per year)

2.5

602

600

200

2.50

661

1.5

1.30
1.06

1.0

231

174
0.5

100

0.46

0.50

0.63

0.79
0.62
0.52

0.81
0.68
0.56

0.90
0.81

1.11
0.99

1.45
1.30
1.18

0

0
Middle East andNorth Africa

Sub-SaharanAfricaLatin America andthe Caribbean
2016

2030

North
AmericaSouth Asia

Europe andCentral Asia

East Asia
and Pacific2050

Sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia

East Asia
and Pacific2016

Middle East
Latin America andand North Africa the Caribbean
2030

Europe andCentral Asia

North America

2050

Source: Prepared with reference to What a Waste 2.0 - A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050, The World Bank

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -12Social issues have nexus to each other
The resources of water, food, mineral resources, and energy are

Many social issues are also in a nexus relationship the same as

fundamental to the survival of human beings, and they are mutually

resources. The SDG indicators therefore have nexus to each other.

linked, in other words, they are in a nexus relationship. To resolve every
issue, it is necessary to consider the whole as a single system andavoid contradictions and conflicts.

Water consumption to use energy(Hydroelectric power generation, cooling, fracking, etc.)

Water
Water consumption to produce food

Energy consumption to supply water(Water intake, wastewater treatment, etc.)

Food consumption to produce energy (Biofuel, etc.)

Food

EnergyEnergy consumption to produce foodResource consumption to use energy(Thermal recycling etc.)

Raw materials
andmineral resources

Energy consumption to supply resources

Food consumption to supply raw materials(Mining, recycling, etc.)(Bioplastics, etc.)

Source: Prepared with reference to the materials provided by Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -13
How is the ideal future toward society in 2050? (Discussion in a workshop)
Aiming at solving numerous social issues, CHANCE held a workshop

The ideal future toward society in 2050 was discussed with the full use of thein February of 2020 to link the awareness of the issues between theworkshop method for emergence and concretization of foresight devised by

R&D side (researchers) and the social implementation side (companies

the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

and individuals) and to look over future social issues from a long-term

Since there is no firm evidence to predict the future as a matter of course, it

perspective. We looked for participants from the networks of thewas emphasized this time to put into practice as many actions as possible

CHANCE collaborators, and 58 persons assembled.

rather than to predict at a high probability. Through the discussion process, weshared the visions and thoughts of gathering companions to realize it.

Constitution of the tree

Background of the social issue,
advocating

Features of the tree

Indication of well-related SDGs** Sustainable Development Goals

Social issue from which the tree
beginsRepresentation of preceding casesof each approach per R&D stage
Systematic breakdown of theapproach to solve the issue

Attachment of quantitative data inorder to understand the effect of
the approach

Not closed within a particularapproach but extending theapproach to a wide range andvisualizing respective positions.

* The tree-structure workshop method devised by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) was used in the workshop.

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -14
In order to respond to water demand
The quantity of water that people can use easily is extremely small.
While two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, the majority is
世界初の重金属除去材を搭載した携帯型浄水ボトル
sea water, and as little as 2.5% exists as fresh water. Most fresh water is

In order to increase available water

These activities have already started.

(Three case examples)

Case 1World-leading R&D of reverse osmosis membrane forseawater desalination

either ice or glaciers, and about 0.8% of the total water of the Earth isfound as groundwater and river stream water. Moreover, the greater part ofThey have developed water treatment membranes with nanocarbons

it is groundwater, and the water that is present in the state easy for people

as the technique to obtain clean fresh water from seawater at low cost.

to use, such as rivers and lakes, is only about 0.01% (100,000 km3) of all(Shinshu University)

water. This tiny volume of water is used by the whole population of human

Hydrated sodium ion

beings at present.

(Approx. 2 nm)
Freshwater that exists
in water form, excluding
glaciers, is about 0.8%
out of 2.5%.

Na +

Water
molecule
Water that is easy to
use in rivers andlakes is about 0.01%.

Groun

dwate

r

(Approx. 0.4 nm)

Pressure
Na +

Na +

(Approx. 0.5 nm of pores)

Reverse osmosis membrane
96.5% of water on
the Earth is seawater.
Source: Prepared with reference to “Conversion of seawater to safe drinking water - to eliminate world water shortage,”
JSTnews August 2019 Issue

Source: Prepared with reference to World Water Resources at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century, UNESCO

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -15
In order to increase available water

These activities have already started.

(Three case examples)

Case 2

Case 3

World’s first portable water purifier bottle equipped withheavy metal remover

De-centralized water management to store rainwater andmake it penetrate into ground

They have developed the portable water purifier bottle NaTiO using

They intend people to foster a sense of water management on thesodium trititanate, the world’s first heavy metal remover featured bycourse of collecting and using rainwater while dealing with restoration

prompt removal of diverse heavy metals. (Shinshu University and Toclasof sound ecosystem in the watershed. The concept called the Amamizu

Corporation)(Rainwater) Society is formed, and concrete models are given. ThisA proposed vision: Amamizu(Rainwater) Society

distributed water system suggested is sustainable, redundant, andWe deﬁne “Rainwater Society” as a society that under the de-centralized water

multi-purpose.
(Kyushu
University) people cooperate to store, inﬁltrate, andmanagement system,mul�-genera�onal

harvest rainwater and increase green spaces at everywhere in a watershed region.

define “Rainwater Society” as a society that under the de ‐ centralized water
Amamizu(Rainwater)
Society
Focusing on water
which Wefeatureis mul�-faceted, we envision Rainwater Society as

management system, multi ‐ generational people cooperate to store, infiltrate, and harvestand increase greenmethod.
spaces at everywhere
in a watershedregion.
Focusing
Rainwater
Societyshouldbeon
a model of modern socialrainwater
problem-solu�onwater which feature is multi ‐ faceted, we envision Rainwater Society as a model ofcon�nually transformed andimprovedbymul�-genera�onal
co-crea�on.
modern social problem ‐ solution method. Rainwater Society should be continuallytransformed and improved by multi-generational co-creation.

Rainwater
Harves�ng
Inﬁltra�on

Rainwater
StorageRaingarden

Inﬁltra�on
inletPortable water purifier bottle NaTiO
Source: Quoted from “Release of a new product jointly developed by Shinshu University and Toclas Corporation,
Portable Water Purifier Bottle NaTiO, equipped the world's first material for removing heavy metals,” Shinshu University

Delay runoﬀ

Raingarden

Inﬁltra�on

Sewer pipe

Rainwater
pipe

to a riverto a treatment plants when ﬂoods

Source: Quoted from the research and development execution report of 2017 on the R&D Project,
Distributed Rainwater Management for a Sustainable Well-being Society”, Yukihiro Shimatani

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -16What can we do?
The following was discussed in the workshop held on Friday, February 7, 2020.
From a bird's-eye view to the entire discussion, the premise of the issues, i.e., uneven water distribution, is recognized.
ChangeActions to social change
・Current circumstances in disaster
affected areas and developing countries
・Strong points of Japan to the world→ Response to decreasing population
・Limiting residential area (disasterSolution

Actions to on climate change
Strategy
・Climate change
Competitiveness gained with water(countries and companies)
・Use of rainfall by weather control
・Absorbing variation in natural energy
・Rainfall equipment

prevention, water shortage)

Shifting the values ofhumans who use water・Prejudice・Too demanding specifications ofwater
・Ceasing emphasis on (water) quality

・Changing lifestyle with regard to water・Restoration of human skills
・Co-existence with animals andindigenous peoples

Utility of intermediatewater resources

Solution

Education to share the values

・Sharing the issues on water
resources
・Education on water・Visualization

・Water trading
・Import and export of water・Waterpower strategic materials
・Application of Japanese water purification
technology across the world・Abundant safe water→ Competitiveness・Certification system
・Spreading the use of water quality andvolume control package to other countries

Cities and infrastructures

・Use of well water and rainwater・Employment of water resources between
clean water and sewage
Enhancement of water technology
on recycle and purification

・Purified water and recycled water
・Value chain in consideration of water cycle
・Strengthening natural water purification
・Strategic use of water resources
・Understanding the current state of desalination
technology
・Secure usage of ground water in terms ofsustainability
New technology development
to provide infrastructure

・Flood control and damages in urban areas

・Costs related to water・Agriculture with small amount of water・City structure
・Urban greening

・New materials ・Maintenance of infrastructure
・Innovation
・IoT sensors
・Development of pipes resistant tosalt-containing water

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -17What we particularly think is important after the workshop

Mitigate uneven water distribution

and following discussions is the fact that the distribution ofwater resource is quite uneven between areas.

Europe

17 %
10 %
14 %

Eastern andSoutheastern Asia

Central, Western,and Southern Asia

12 %
31 %
19 %

17 %
8%
13 %

12 %
29 %
8%

Africa

22 %
16 %
10 %

Southern America

Oceania6%1%2%Comparison of water resource volume, population, and area by region
around the world
Area

Northern andCentral America

Population

Water resources

Source: Prepared based on the data as of April 2016 published in AQUASTAT, FAO

13 %
6%
33 %

When the population and land data is compared in the figure, you would
see how unevenly water resources exist. This uneven distribution of waterin the world is a significant issue that should be addressed internationallyand it is difficult to take effective countermeasures only from the scienceand technology aspect.
Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -18“使える”水を増やすために
In order to overcome food shortage

Case 1The Protein Crisis is supposed to be a large problem in the world of theyear 2050. The livestock industry requires a huge amount of feedstock
because cows and pigs eat a lot of plants to grow. Therefore, the efficiency
of production is regarded as lower than that of grains. In order to continue
the supply of proteins with reduced environmental load all over the world,beans with rich proteins are produced, and the activities for entomophagy
are encouraged. In addition, development of new technology on cultured
meat to artificially
Demand projection of meat and grains
produce edible
meat is anticipated.
5.0

4.6

(100 million tons)
35

150%

Development of the production technology for next
generation-meat using 3D tissue engineering techniques
The mainstream of conventional development of cultured meats tried to
produce minced flesh and even the formation of cultured beefsteak has
never been realized yet.
Having established the culture technique for bovine muscle fibers on amass scale and the method to build cultured steak bites of larger than
1 cm in size, they aim to realize cultured beefsteak that society accepts.
(Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo)

30.1

30
4.0

3.0

2.6

20.7

20

15

2.0

10
1.0
5

0

0.0

2005 / 2007

2050

Demand projectionof meat(Year)

2005 / 2007

Not as food (feedstock, biofuels, disposal, etc.)25

As food

Another emerging
activity is company
cooperation toreview the foodindustry itself thathas beenestablished until
now and to address
the issues of foodloss, shortfalls inproteins, andenvironmental
pollution thatcannot be solved bya single company.

180%

These activities have already started.

(Three case examples)

In 2050, the demand of meat is remarkably increased.

(100 million tons)

In order to avoid food crises

2050

Demand projectionof grains

Source: Prepared with reference to World agriculture towards 2030/2050, FAO

Source: Quoted from “The first step to the practical applicationof Cultured Beefsteak that has true texture of meat. World’s firstsuccess of producing steak bites-like bovine muscle fibers,”
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo（出典）東京大学生産技術研究所 プレスリリースより引用

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -19In order to avoid food crises

These activities have already started.

(Three case examples)

Case 2

Case 3

Regenerative food system business of Industry-up Studio

Shared optimization platform to eliminate food mismatch

The new industry co-creation studio, Industry-up Studio, which gives birth toThey provide the Supply and Demand Optimization Platform based on AI

open-innovation type value creation projects, was started in July 2019. One(artificial intelligence) technology in order to share and use information ofof their projects is the regenerative food system business. They

the entire value chain to get rid of mismatch between supply and demand.

systematically reveal the issues of the industry and target increasing the value(NEC)of the whole industry with the cooperation of food system-related
manufacturing

andservices,

includingscientists,

producers,

foodSupplymanufacturers, distributors, retailers, and shops, by coping with minimization

Overproduction

Return of
expired products

Food manufacturing

Food wholesale
and logistics

DemandLeftoverproductsof negative impacts and creation of new values based on the idea of common

Shipping
prediction

Sales
recordSales
predictiondOutgoing
recordaem

nd predictiodShipping
prediction

n
for

Order
placement

proper

Stock allocationand production

Shipping
recordAI-basenRetail selling

proper

AI-baseem

and predictio

for

d

d

good. (SUNDRED)

Demand prediction (Heterogeneous Mixture Learning Technology)

Demand optimization platform

Source: Quoted from Report on social value creation, Industry Eco-System, The key for the solutions, Value Chain Innovation.
Source: Quoted from Regenerative food system business, Industry-up Studio

Reduction of food loss and waste will be an international mission, wisdom

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -20What can we do?
The following was discussed in the workshop held on Friday, February 7, 2020, and finally converged to the point of visualization and reduction of food loss.
Social change

Impact on the natural environment

Inequality of food access

Environmental load

・Access to food・Excess energy on food processing
・Ability to evaluate environmental impact byourselves

・System to optimize demandand supply (AI)Distribution
Food and nutrition education

Diverse options
・Variety of food culture

・At home・Acknowledgment of liking anddiversity of foods

・Food and nutrition education
・Reformation of awareness・Choice not to eat something

・Traceability

・Fairness and inequality of situational
options
・Freedom and constraint of cultural
choices・More efficient distribution andtechnology advancement
・Charging and penalty
・Optimization of supply chain

・Obesity・Cure (dietary therapy)

・Artificial foods

・Compost bins used by several families, compost sharing
・Knowledge about solutions that can be tried on a family or individual
level

Local consumptionof local food・Measure for increasing
local consumption rate of
local food・Local consumption of
local food

Other topics
Preservation

・Food loss
・Gap between rich and poor

・Labeling of origin of ingredient・Nutritional management

・Alternative foods

・Visualization of value chain→ at home, school, restaurants

Communication

Health・Foods easy to grow・Meal replacement

・During walking

Food safety

・Development of efficient crops
・Adequate supply to demand

Change in values of individuals, culture

・Outdoor

Food development

・Comprehension of actual
allocation condition

・Gap in food distribution

・Visualization of virtual water

Location and condition

Supply and allocation

・Freezing techniques
・Stocks

・Food supply in case ofdisaster・Uneven distribution of needs
and consumption

・Transmitting and sharing the information on what food is needed・Communication during mealtime
・Knowledge and practice on different options other than disposing of food→ Bringing it directly to the facilities by themselves

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -21
Begin with visualization of food distribution
The urgent issue about food is to visualize and reduce food loss. In

taken out), and direct disposal. This means that reducing food loss at

Japan, the Act on Promotion of Food Loss Reduction came into effecthome of each individual has a great impact. For overall reduction of

in 2019, and there is a trend to make it a national campaign. It was

food loss including the one generated by business operators, it isestimated that in Japan, we generated about 6.43 million tons of foodrequired to build a national system where the flow of food fromloss, which was edible but disposed of.

production to transport, sales, and consumption is visualized andAlmost half of the food loss occurred at home. The three reasons areadequate foodstuffs are delivered to the place where they are needed.

leftovers, excessive removal (even the part that should be eaten is

Breakdown of household food loss

Breakdown of operational food loss (edible portion) per business type

(Estimates of FY 2016)(Estimates of FY 2016)

Leftovers
1.12 M tons

38.5％

Total generation

Direct disposal
0.89 M tons

Restaurants
1.33 M tons

30.6％

38%
Leftovers etc.

30.9％

39%

Total generation

Non-standard products generated
during manufacturing, distribution,and cooking; returned products;
unsold products etc.

3.52 M tons

2.91 M tons

Excessive removal
0.90 M tons

Food manufacturing
1.37 M tons

Source: Prepared with reference to the panels for dissemination andawareness raising on food loss reduction
by the Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan

Food retailers
0.66 M tons

Food wholesalers
0.16 M tons

19%

5%

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -22
In order to reduce waste

In order to reduce resources to dispose of

Mineral resources several times the deposits are required.
It is reported that the existing amount of reserves of many kinds of metals
will become insufficient for use, and the demand of some metals is

These activities have already started.

(Three case examples)

Case 1
Use of bioplastic composite materials for independence
from petroleum resources

expected to be several times greater than the amount of their respective
deposits by 2050.

As a substitute for petroleum-based plastics, they develop bioplastic

72

composite materials where biomass ingredients are used. Reduction ofPresent reserves almost run out in 2050.
Iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), cobalt (Co), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd)CO2 emissions during incineration and prevention of long-lasting plastic
10.3

The amount of use exceeds twice the present reserves by 2050.

wastes in soil and the sea are targeted. (i-Compology)

Nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lithium (Li), indium (In), gallium (Ga)The amount of use exceeds the reserve base by 2050.
Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), gold (Au), silver (Ag), tin (Sn)

Unused biomass

Biomass powder

Plastics

Petroleum-based plastics

Plant-based plastics

Biodegradable plastics

Reducing the amount of use of
petroleum-derived plastics

Zero use of petroleum-derived
plastics

Breakdown occurs
by microorganisms.

All materials are compatible withdecarbonization for carbon
neutrality.

Composting and burying copewith the problems of marine
plastic waste and microplastics.

6

5

Pulverization

4

3

2

Reserve baseBiomass powder is compatible
with low-carbon practice forcarbon neutrality.

Present amountof reserves

1

Bioplastic composite materials
0

Al
1

Ni

Cu
Mn

2

W

Li

Cr
Zn

Already mined amount
3

In

RE Mo

Fe

Sn
Pb

Co
Metal elements

Sb

Ag

Au

Ga Pd

Pt

Source: Prepared with reference to the evaluation results of the STI for SDGs award FY 2019 organized by JST,
Excellent Practice Award for i-Compology

Source:Prepared with reference to “Forecasting the Consumption of Metals up to 2050”, Kohmei Harada, Masanori Shimada andKiyoshi Ijima (Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals and Materials Volume 71, Issue 10 (2007) pp. 831-839)

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -23
In order to reduce resources to dispose of

These activities have already started.

(Three case examples)

Case 2

Case 3

Establishment of the Center for Developing Separation
Technology (CEDEST) to convert waste products into resources

Detailed survey on composition of household refuse to aim
at waste reduction through knowing the fact

An Intensive Research Institute CEDEST was established within the AIST

They study domestic waste to aim at establishing product management

Tsukuba Center and a set of test devices of the automatic sorting system ofsystems that include proper recycling and disposal and model the material

metal resources contained in waste products was introduced. They promote

flows and consumer behavior. Household refuse of 400 to 500 families in Kyoto

development of innovative basic technology that allows low-cost, highly efficient

City were collected and examined closely by material and purpose to reduce

recycling for effective use of metal resources, such as rare metals, contained inwaste. They make policy proposals for administrative bodies and give advice

small electric home appliances and other waste products. (AIST, NEDO)

on waste reduction activities to manufacturing and distribution companies.

Technology developed at the intensive research institute, CEDEST(Kyoto University)

Automatic sortingof waste products

Waste product

Automatic recognition of the types
of waste products, and unmanned
operation of sorting products,
crashing enclosures, and selecting
modules

Automatic sortingof waste parts

Highly efficient
refining technique

Automatic best selection andcontrol of sorting techniques for
optimization as the source materialof refining

Development of new refining method
in order to efficiently convert
different metals into resources

Source: Establishment of the Intensive Research Institute, Center for Developing Separation Technology (CEDEST), foreffective use of urban mines, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Source: Quoted from “Closely look at wastes and change the future - Consider the measures on wastes required in the era of
the SDGs,” Science Window

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -24What can we do?

Challenge to the resource restrictions
while pursuing well-being

Prerequisite・Social resources ・Service resources
・Human resources

The following was discussed in the workshop held on
Friday, February 7, 2020. The importance of the

Change in values of individuals

keyword, circulation, is noticed when viewing the outline.

・Values, cloths to change culture, hygiene

Reducing loss
・Solar energy

・Method to use new resources

・3D printers

・More efficient cycle

・More efficient supply chain
・Digging out new resources

・Searching for increasing resources
・Replacement of resources
・Utilization of biological functions(e.g. iron → reinforced plastics)

・Repair at home

・Installation of repair
shops on every street
・Product design ofmanufacturers on the assumption of users’ DIY

Resource development

・Understanding
amount of resources

・Visualization of resource flow

・Visualization ofefforts

Change of society, country, and laws
(framework)

・DIY, recycle and reuse that are nothing to dowith business・Not moving leads to less use of resources(but are you happy with that?)
・What is abundance that does not come from objects?

・Creating trend of shifting from fast fashion to slow fashion
・VR (experience without consuming nothing)

Reuse
Circulation

・Visualization of resources
on a global scale

Visualization

・Improvement in resource mining technology

Reducing consumption

Fixing・Strengthening alternative resource measures→ To contain resources diplomacy

・World to enjoy satisfactory state that depends on thevalues of each individual
・Escape from the economy and uniform thinking where t
hey have to rouse consumption

・Sharing what is distributed a lot

・Sharing economy
・Mercari, Book Off (secondary distribution)・Life without using stuff

・VR, AR・Economical life without consuming
resources

・Energy saving

・Technology on recycle and reuse

Community structure (to support circulation)
Change in group units

・Prevention of scrambling・Resolution of issues on resource diplomacy

・Aggregation of persons

・New UN of Millennials (EU-like)・Aggregation of communities

・Creation of an organization that maintain agood balance worldwide

・Distance does not always
matter.

Education

City development
Bi-directional

・Replacement of techniques(e.g. wired → wireless)・Creation ofwell-being
values・Ceasing over-hygiene and cleanness→ Should be more unconcerned・Learning well-being in the past・Tolerable and intolerable chasm
・Urban design
・Smart compact city

・Bridging a gap between generations
・Motivation for recycle and reuse・Merging science and arts

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -25
Use resources based on the premise of circulation
The workshop and following discussions madereuse should be the focus. Specifically, we

reserves of the entire world, and those of gold

us find the keyword to solve metal resource

consider it effective that the urban mines ofand silver correspond to around 10%. It isissues, that is circulation. In particular, mineral

discarded industrial products are converted into

therefore possible to say that Japan is one of theresources

resources again and recycled.

・資源単位で再生。
richestcountries 別の製品に投入もin terms of resources if urban

shortages in 2050. Possible countermeasures

In fact, a certain amount of metals are left in the・部品are・部材単位で再生。
mines
counted. コスト低下もare saving, exploitation, and reuse.

urban mines in Japan; the amounts of copper

Since there are few mineral deposits in Japan,

and lead correspond to around 5% of theareexpected

toface

serious

Accumulation in Japan/world’s reserves

・可能であれば製品として再利用

Various recirculation cycle for the use of urban mines

New feed

Resources

Parts andcomponents

Products

0.2

0.15

RecycleRefreshment

Reuse

Regeneration per
resource. Can be fed
to different products.

Regeneration perpart or component.
Can reduce costs.

Used again as a
product if possible.

Use

0.25

0.1

溶解
Dissolution

分離
Separation

評価
Evaluation

Collection

0.05

0.0

Au

Ag

Cu

Sb

Sn

Pb

Zn

Ta
PGM
Co
(Platinum-group metals)*Comparison with the data of 2017 on metal reserves in the world published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS)
Source: Prepared with reference to “Quantitative relationship between accumulation of urban mines in Japan and world’s reservesin 2017,” Sustainability Design Institute (SusDI)

Disposal

Source: Prepared with reference to For effective use of Urban Mines, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -26
What picture of 2050 do you draw?
The following six future visions were produced through the workshop.

Mitigate uneven water
distribution

Sharing the values topreserve sound water◎ Water education at school and during
occupational training◎ Development of a video game and creation of
PR videos (YouTube etc.)

Issues: Alignment with industry

Actualization of water use trading◎ Similar to CO2 emission trading. The countries
that consume a lot of water pay a fee to theworld bank of water. The money is used as thefunds to introduce artificial rainfall equipment
to the areas of water shortages.
Stakeholders: United Nations, manufacturerof water supply equipment

Visualize food distribution andreduce loss.

Real-time matching of food
◎ The impact of food production on theenvironment is scored, and the supermarkets,
producers and consumers are connected.
◎ Information platform linked with recipe
websites

Make the idea of the resource
cycle conventional wisdom.

Formation of sharing communities
with the same values◎ Wealthy life even under limited conditions◎ Visualization and extension of successful caseexamples◎ Application to similar cases◎ Coordinators and persons who serve as a local
hub are required.

Issues: The system based on the idea of
inherently good will not work. It might be better
if each party can determine participation.

Issues: Disconnection from the people outsideof the community. Can we overcome the failuresof sharing economy model cities in the past?

Food teleportation

LESS is MORE

◎ Reuse of excess food. Decomposed tonutrients and cooked again.

◎ Realization of a society of better-being withsmaller resources◎ Every human has time of eating.

◎ Life chain management of resources +Digitalized materials = Ultimate recycle (almost
zero waste)◎ Connection via space, building
communities
Stakeholders: The entire supply chain, suchas canned food manufacturers. Cookware
manufacturers, restaurants, cooking schools

Issues: Who lead the activity to achieve
such a society?

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -27
What do water, food, and resources have in common?
Through the workshop, you see some of the factors common to the solutions to the issues on water, food, and mineral resources.
From a certain standpoint, they are common particularly because these three are material resources.

Conclusion of supply andconsumption between individuals
or in a community

Breakaway from dependence
on integrated systems

Means in common
In order to solve the issues on material resources throughout the world, it is necessary to visualize and be aware of the changing resources in real time. An
appropriate matching of people and resources is enabled only after the necessity
is fulfilled. Besides, if more people
learn the changes in the natural envi-

Use of know-how
and values mutually

Both local andglobal manners

Sharing

Circulation

Values in common
Though the great growth of industry in the past led to a wealthy society,it has caused problems and is making them increasingly serious now.
These values are different from traditional ones and should be requiredronment and values, the society andReal time, wide range,high resolution

the lifestyle of individuals are also

Visualization

changed, and the solution to theissues will come closer.

Environment andvalues that keepaltering

Learning

Smarter way
depending on person,
location, andoccasion of
the need

Matching

to solve them.
Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -28Issues not discussed in depth during the workshop
This workshop let us consider with many people how to make the world

We also understand that there are many hurdles before realizing thein 2050 sustainable. However, we never think that the debate and ideas

ideas.

so far has brought the optimum solution. It is natural that the inhabitants

These topics had been listed before the workshop took place. You seeof the year of 2020 have extreme difficulty in imagining and discussing

there were a lot. And more subjects have been discussed in addition.

the values of 2050.

However, we cannot believe that all issues were covered.

Issues on water in Japan

Issues on food in Japan

Issues on resources in Japan・Virtual water accompanied by importing food (We importas much virtual water as the domestic agricultural water ofJapan.)

・Great dependence on foreign countries (Calorie-based
self-sufficiency rate is less than 40%.)

・Almost 100% dependence on foreign countries for bothbase metals and rare metals

・Maintenance and rehabilitation of decrepit infrastructure
under the condition of decreased population

・Decreased, aged population of agricultural labor force
・Huge amount of food loss (6.5 million tons per year)

・Waste plastics are recycled at the rate of 84%. However,
56% of it account for thermal recycle (material recycling:
23%, chemical recycling: 4%). More than 40% ofmaterial-recycled plastics are exported overseas.

・Flood control (Measures for abnormal weather etc.)
Countermeasure examples
・Highly efficient food supply
・Engineering development (Supply: Seawater desalination,
fog collection; Consumption: Water-saving type devices;
Recycle: Membrane separation, ozone treatment, etc.)
・Monitoring with AI and IoT, infrastructure maintenance bycomprehensive management, etc.
・Use of green infrastructure (including so-called green dam)

Source: Quoted from 50th Anniversary Research, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

Countermeasure examples
・Suppress of demand (Life-style improvement, intake
control by AI etc.)

Countermeasure examples

・Minimization of food loss (Production and distribution
control by AI and IoT, food banks, 3D food printers, etc.)

・Promotion of resources cycle (Eco-conscious design,condition control with IoT, sharing, XaaS , etc.)

・More efficient food production, reduction ofenvironmental burdens

・Alternative materials (Abundant amount of resources,
easy to recycle)

・Smart agriculture (Sensing technology, use of AI and IoT)

・New development of resources (Deep underground,ocean, outer space, etc.)

・Biotechnology (Genetic engineering, genome editing)・Agroecological agriculture (Use of potential of the ecosystem)
・Alternative food materials (Cultured meats,
entomophagy, algal proteins) etc.

・Digitalization and sharing for quitting dependence onmaterials

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -29
We want to go beyond the frameworks and take action on social issues

Nevertheless, we believe that our efforts in this workshop are
worthwhile.
Our discussion and ideas might seem to be trivial or insufficientbecause they lack concreteness and viewpoints from experts andprofessionals in the actual fields of work. However, we really appreciate
it if this document would be read by those who notice the absence of
topics and concepts and have perspectives different from ours.
It is because of the necessity to combine many distinct areas ofexpertise for solving social issues in a complicated nexus.

We, CHANCE, do not seek an optimum solution within a framework but
go beyond it, consider what we should do together with various
stakeholders, and will take solid action on the social issues.

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -30Resources and issues of CHANCE
The objective of CHANCE is to design the ideal future society by

On the other hand, we are proud of our notable resources that arecollecting knowledge from diverse players, and we are proceeding

helpful in clearing up social issues. More specifically, they refer to thetoward that goal. However, the domain of CHANCE does not spread

think tanks and the connections to top-class scientists of each

evenly. For example, it is likely that the activities of individual entities, incollaborator, the collected data and knowledge based on scientificother words, NPOs and citizen groups, and financial and politicalevidence, the fund to push forward the research, and the businessviewpoints are not covered by our limited ability.

sector networks that involve major companies and entrepreneurs. If you
are addressing a challenge that could be resolved with these resources,
why don’t we work together?

You?

You?

Data

Science

Fund

Fund

You?

Data

You?

You?

Science

You?

You?

Fund

Science

Fund

Data

Think tank

Data

Think tank

You?

You?

You?

Think tank

Data

Think tankThink tank

Science

You?

Fund

Science

You?

You?

You?

You?

Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -31Resources and issues of CHANCE
What is effective in resolving social issues is not only just thinking but
also taking concrete action with the use of the specialty of each person.
CHANCE’s valuable strength in science is to create new means even if
it is not likely to lead to business.

Nothing is versatile, neither business nor science. We hope that at
various places there occur activities beyond their respective
frameworks, even including incidents outside of the Network of
Networks of CHANCE.

The reason is that the activities for solving social issues not only expand
the possibility of science but also bring good opportunities forbusinesspersons who want to do significant work. Let’s stretch ourconventional way of thinking to look across a wider area of the world as
far as possible. What life do you desire for yourself in the future and thegeneration of your children to live? What do you have to do for it? Thinkand act for it.

How is the society that you want to create?
Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -32
List of workshop participants (1)Shiori Nemoto

SDG Partners

Yutaro Kurogi

National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP)

Yuki Nakao

SDG Partners

Shinichi Akaike

National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP)

Yuhei Kuratsuji

ETIC.

Etsunori Tsuchiya

4REVS Ambassador of NELIS (Next Generation Leaders’ Summit)

Akihito Sugano

ETIC.

Izumi Suzuki

National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS)

Masahiko Watachi

ETIC; YUIDEA

Asako Okamura

National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS)

Cosmo Takagi

Keio University Graduate School of Media and Governance(Laboratory of Prof. Norichika Kanie)

Ken Suginome

Fujitsu Design Ltd.

Yoshihide Terada

Keio University Graduate School of Media and Governance(Laboratory of Prof. Norichika Kanie)

Mitsushi Suzuno

University-Industry Collaboration and Regional R&D Division,
Science and Technology Policy Bureau, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology

Katsuhiko Okamoto

Marketing Strategy Headquarters of NEC Corporation; NEC Future Creation Forum

Aya Kontani

Assistant of Science and Technology Academic Strategy Officer(international division), Science and Technology Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Shinobu Kotani

Japan Bosai Platform

Rui OgawaArts & Science LAB., Tokyo University of the Arts

Yoshiki Kinehara

Japan Bosai Platform

Kenichi Furuhata

Arts & Science LAB., Tokyo University of the Arts

Osamu Numata

Japan Bosai Platform

Atsushi Arakawa

Department for Promotion of Science in Society,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Hironobu Murata

Future Center Alliance Japan (FCAJ)

Kazuyoshi Shimada

Department for Promotion of Science in Society,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Koichiro Eto

Smart Communication Research Group, Artificial Intelligence System Research Division,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Miwa Furuya

Department for Promotion of Science in Society,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Shoji Komai

Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Ayana Murano

Department for Promotion of Science in Society,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Shiro Namekata

The Asahi Shimbun Company

Aoi Kusaka

Department for Promotion of Science in Society,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Realizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -33
List of workshop participants (2)Kumiko Okawa

Department for Promotion of Science in Society,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Naoki Kondo

Nuclear Safety Division, Mitsubishi Research Institute

Hiroshi Tsuda

RISTEX, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Koichi Kawamura

Environment and Energy Division, Mitsubishi Research InstituteKoki AsanoRISTEX, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Nanae Yamamoto

Regional Creation Division, Mitsubishi Research InstituteTakeshi Kamimura

RISTEX, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)

Hokuto Kano

Next Generation Infrastructure Division, Mitsubishi Research InstituteEiichiro Watanabe

CRDS, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Katsura Fukuda

Future Framing Center, Mitsubishi Research InstituteSenkei Umehara

CRDS, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Shuichi Oi

Open Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Research Institute

Satoshi Matsumura

CRDS, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Naoki Yoshida

Sales Division, Mitsubishi Research Institute

Noriyuki Sakurama

Department of Moonshot Research and Development Program,
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Yasuhiro Takeda

Future Framing Center, Mitsubishi Research InstituteYuto Nakagami

Technology Strategy Center, New Energy andIndustrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Kohei Osato

Infobahn

Hidetaka Yoneyama

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Katsuya Hiraishi

Infobahn

Maiko Izumi

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Yuki Iwasaki

Infobahn

Toshiyuki Isshiki

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Kosuke Shirai

Infobahn

Yoshinao Mishima

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Takashi Matsunaga

Infobahn

Hidetaka Nishimura

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Ayato Susaki

Open Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Research InstituteRealizing Ideal Society for 2050 - Water, Foods, and Resources -34Colophon● Contact: CHANCE Secretariat(within the Department for the Promotion of Science in Society, Japan Science and Technology Agency)
E-mail: chance@jst.go.jp● Cooperation: Infobahn Inc.
● Design: aguije inc.
● Illustration: Yukihiro Takeda● Proofreading: Ouraidou K.K.