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Technical Assessment of IPCC Inventory Guidelines– Results of Questionnaire Survey
AFOLU
Side Event during UNFCCC SB42, 4 June 2015, Bonn, Germany
Sekai Ngarize and Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Technical Support Unit
IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Outline• AFOLU in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines• Technical Assessment of the IPCC Inventory Guidelines:
Results of Questionnaire Survey― Statistics of comments and high priority issues

 Livestock (3A) and Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2 Emissionson Land (3C) Land (3B) and Other (3D)2006 IPCC Guidelines: Agriculture Forestry andOther Land Use (AFOLU)

AFOLU

3A. Livestock

3B. Land3C. Aggregate
Sources and NonCO2 Emissions onLand

2006 IPCC Guidelines: AFOLU Categories

3A. Livestock & 3C. Aggregate Sources
and Non-CO2 Emissions on Land

Outline• Technical Assessment of the IPCC Inventory Guidelines:
Results of Questionnaire Survey― Statistics of the comments (3A&3C)― High priority issues (3A&3C)• SummaryTechnical Assessment of the IPCC Inventory Guidelines:
Statistics of Questionnaire Survey Comments• Total 380 comments on the AFOLU sector from 137 experts―

109 comments on 3A and 3C categories

AFOLU Sector Category List
Livestock (3.A)
Enteric Fermentation (3.A.1)
Manure Management (3.A.2)
Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land (3.C)
Burning (3.C.1)
Liming (3.C.2)
Urea Fertilization (3.C.3)
Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Soils (3.C.4)
Indirect N2O Emissions from Managed Soils (3.C.5)
Indirect N2O Emissions from Manure Management (3.C.6)
Rice Cultivations (3.C.7)
CH4 from Drained Organic Soils (3.C.8)
CH4 from Drainage Ditches on Organic Soils (3.C.9)
CH4 from Rewetting of Organic Soils (3.C.10)
CH4 Emissions from Rewetting of Mangroves and Tidal Marshes (3.C.11)
N2O Emissions from Aquaculture (3.C.12)
CH4 Emissions from Rewetted and Created Wetlands on Inland Wetland Mineral Soils (3.C.13)
Other (please specify) (3.C.14)

Number62
203447400266240000013

Technical Assessment of the IPCC Inventory Guidelines:
High Priority Issues• Total 11 areas or specific issues that may need to be given high priority
are identified for discussion at the upcoming expert meeting― Enteric fermentation (3A1): 2
 Develop new models based on breed/geographical location
 Improve parameters based on different feeding strategies

Technical Assessment of the IPCC Inventory Guidelines:
High Priority Issues― Manure management (3A2): 4

Refine parameters based on new science Illustrate conceptual models of dairy systems, beef production
systems, swine production systems, and poultry productions
systems and resulting GHGs from enteric fermentation and housing
and manure management systems to facilitate communication ofsources of GHGs and interrelationships between sources Reconsider method of estimating nitrogen excretions, developmentof the MCF factors, N2O estimation from liquid manure storage
based on surface area of manure storage
 Guidance on how to deal with avoided methane emissions due tobiogas productionTechnical Assessment of the IPCC Inventory Guidelines:
High Priority Issues― Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land (3C): 5

Consider improved means for estimating crop management impacts
in cropland N2O fluxes, including manure and nitrification inhibitors
and tillage and account for asymbiotic fixation Factors could be developed for new practices such as nitrification
inhibitors for direct N2O emissions from soils
 Update parameters such as 1% of the N applied to soils, pasture,range and paddock by grazing animals, and other emission factors
 Derive new emissions factors for indirect N2O, both the amount ofleaching/runoff and volatilization, as well as the indirect emission
factor Update emission factor for rice cultivation based on country-specificpublicationsSummary (3A&3C)• 109 comments on 3A and 3C categories of AFOLU sector• Total 11 areas/issues may need to be given high priority– Enteric Fermentation (3A1): 2– Manure Management (3A2): 4– Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land (3C): 5

3B. Land and 3D. OtherOutline• Survey results• High priority issues identified for 3B and 3D
 Issues addressing updates/development of Emission Factors(EF) and Activity Data (AD) by land use category Issues addressing addition/further development of methods toestimate emissions/removals (including equations) Refinement of Content and Structure of the 2006 GL and the2013 Wetlands Supplement Issues where no guidance exist in the 2006GL• Cross-sectoral issues
 Summary – Key messages

Technical Assessment of the IPCC Inventory Guidelines:
Statistics of Questionnaire Survey Comments• Comments relevant to the categories in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines (3B&3D)
AFOLU Sector Category List

Number of comments

Land (3B)

200

Forest Land (3.B.1)

62

Cropland ( 3.B.2)

30

Grassland (3.B.3)

8

Wetlands (3.B.4)

43

Settlements (3.B.5)

5

Other land (3.B.6)

8

AFOLU Sector Category List

Number of comments

Other (3D)21

Harvested Wood products (3.D.1)

16

Other (3.D.2)

4• Total of 32 AFOLU high priority issues: 11 Agriculture and 21 were Land 3B

High Priority issues Land 3B- Updates /development of EF/ADby land use

Land 3B: Gas CO2
 Update default values for soil organic carbon, examples of international land
cover dataset can now be extended. (Issue 8 )Forest (3.B.1) Gas CO2

 Update values for litter and develop default values for deadwood, Update values for BEF/BCEF, harvest losses and root/shoot ratio,
 Update average biomass stocks and average volume increments (Issue10)
Forest (3.B.1) Gas CO2
 Improve guidance on the process and analysis of satellite data, otherstatistics such as FAOSTAT emission database (Issue 11)
Forest (3.B.1) Gas CO2
 Update default values for soil organic carbon in particular for forests onorganic soils (depth considerations)(Issue 27)

High Priority issues Land 3B- Updates /development ofEF/AD by land use

Cropland remaining Cropland (3.B.2.a) Gas CO2, CH4 and N2O
 Update or addition of default emission factors for cropland management bymanagement activities on organic soils following drainage ( in particularorganic soils drained for intensive management/agriculture) (Issue 30)

Land converted to Cropland (3.B.2.b.i) Gas CO2, CH4 and N2O
 Improve user-friendliness in relation to emissions from deforestation bybringing together all the relevant sections on deforestation in the 2006GL into
one chapter (For example as in GOFC-GOLD, section 2.5) (Issue 14)
Grassland remaining Grassland (3.B.3.a) Gas CO2, CH4 and N2O
 Update or addition of default emission factors for grassland management bymanagement activities on organic soils following drainage (in particularorganic soils drained for intensive management) (Issue 31)

Issues addressing addition or further development of methods to estimate
emissions/removals (including Equations)
Forest Land Remaining Forest Land Forest (3.B.1.a), Gas CO2 and N2O
 Addition or improvement of methods (equations)i.
Degradation (plus EF/AD)ii. REDD+(a)ad-hoc guidance on use of Remote Sensing - to detect deforestation/degradation,(b) update default values for tropical forest and disaggregate by intact/non-intact forestiii) General Improvements of equations for FLRFL (Issue 29)
Land Converted to Forest Land - (3.B.1), Gas CO2, CH4 and N2O
 Reconsider or improve methods to estimate emissions and removals from forestsi.
Selective logging and regrowth in tropical forests
ii. Natural disturbances (update 2006 GL in accordance with the respective Section 2.3.9 in
the 2013 KP Supplement)
iii. BEF or BCEF (Issue 12)

Issues addressing addition or further development of methods to estimateemissions/removals (including Equations)Forest Land Remaining Forest Land Forest (3.B.1.a) Gas CO2
 Emissions from soils disturbed during forest operations on large forest areas and carbon
stock changes in soils due to land use changes need to be estimated (Issue 28)
Land (3B) - Gas CO2, CH4 and N2O
 Update or further develop guidance on activity data on land representation to link land
classification system and digital maps (remote sensing data or GIS data).
 This should allow for aggregation of relevant classes into the main six IPCC Land Categories
defined in the IPCC Good Practice Guidelines (Forest Land, Cropland, Grassland, Wetlands,Settlements and Other Land). Also stratified by climate, soil and land use type ( Examples of
Global Initiatives MDG-GFOI, FAO, e.t.c., ( Issue 26)

Refinement of content and structure of the 2006 GL and the2013 Wetlands Supplement
Wetlands (3.B.4), Gas CO2 , N2O and CH4
 Clarify how both the guidance from the 2006 IPCC guidelines and the Wetlands supplement
should be applied together to develop estimates for Wetlands.
I.

Clarifying that guidance from the Wetlands Supplement can apply to any LULUCF land
use category.

II.

Clarifying that Wetlands land use category is restricted to wetlands that do not fall under
the other LULUCF land categories

III.

Derivation of new EF for Peat stock piles and Offsite Peat (Issue 15)

Harvested Wood Products (3. D. 1), Gas CO2
 Harmonize the approach for estimating HWP between the 2006 GLs and the 2013 KP
Supplement ( Issue 24)

Refinement of content and structure of the 2006 GL and the 2013
Wetlands Supplement
Wetlands (3.B.4), Flooded Land :Gas CH4
 Development of a methodology for constructed wetlands, particularly those that occur inregions of salinity >15ppt - CH4 from flooded landi.

2013 Wetlands Supplement did not include guidance for estimating CH4 from floodedlands. (Issue 16)

Wetlands (3.B.4), Flooded Land: Gas CO2 N2O and CH4
 Revision of emission factors for flooded land taking into consideration the following: thequantity and type of carbon pool flooded; management activities prior to flooding and duringreservoir management; inflow/outflow rates and drawdown area; upstream watershed anderosional estuarine exchange; and other new scientific literature. (Issue 17)

Issues where no guidance exists in the 2006GL
Cross-sectoral (Land (3B), Energy and Agriculture)
Land (3. B) Development of guidance and methodologies for estimating emissions from land conversion
due to mining and development of non-renewable energy resources to extract minerals andfossil fuels (Issue 9)i.

Guidance on methods for estimating emissions following reclamation of these lands toreforestation, afforestation and revegetation activities or agricultural land- stratified byclimate, ecosystem and soils types

ii.

Development of tier 2 guidance (2006 GL) for a broad range of subcategories for more
specific land use conversions including land management practices associated withsurface mine development (drainage, clearing , land excavation) and site abandonmentand rehabilitationiii.

Development of EF for different ecological zones, land management practices, whilst
maintaining consistency with, Land (3B), Energy and agriculture sectors

Summary of presentation – Key messages•

Survey results highlighted key emerging issues to be considered in the refinement of the2006GL•Key areas for consideration include:i.

Updates for Emission Factors/Activity Data for FOLU sector in particular, forestland,
cropland and grassland management activities and wetlands

ii.

Addition/further development of methods to estimate emissions/removals (includingequations) for Forest Land Remaining Forest Land Forest/Land converted to Forest Land,grassland and cropland.

iii.

Development of guidance on activity data on land representation to link land classification
system and digital maps (remote sensing data or GIS data).

iv.

Refinement of content and structure of the 2006 GL and the 2013 Wetlands Supplementv.

Development of guidance on issues where no guidance exists in the 2006GL

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