13th Asia-Pacific Eco-Business Forum in Kawasaki
Feb. 16th 2017

Future Eco City Session: Eco-city Challenge toward De-carbonization Society-Through Collaboration among Industries, Public and Academia-

Transitional Demonstration fromEco-City Kawasaki-Innovative Challenges for
Urban Industrial SymbiosisProf. FUJITA, Tsuyoshi fujita77@nies.go.jp
Director ofSocio-environmental Systems Research Center,
National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan
Alliance Professor of Nagoya University
With Dr. FUJII Minoru

Integrated Assessment Model for the Global Socio economic Loss
AIM Applied Equilibrium Model

Global Scenario• Population• GDP••

Grid Info.
temperature
population

Air conditioning days

AIM Economic Model
Economic impacts• GDP loss
• Consumption loss
• Energy cost

Climate condition represents 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5℃
increase of global average temperture from 18thCentury

Global GDP Loss

Hasegawa et al. (2016)

2

Theory and Practices for Industrial Symbiosis
1970

Practices
1972

Denmark Kalundborg

End-of Pipe

1980
1990
1995

Concept

Technology

1977 Cloud.”IndustrialEcosystem”

LCA Research

1989
Frosh, R. A.
“Industrial Ecosystem”

SustainableDevelopment
Industrial Ecology

1995

US

1993 Ayres, R.
“Industrial Metabolism”

1994 UNU Pauli,Gunter. “Zero-emission”

1994 ・Allemby, Graedel “Industrial Ecology”

PCSD Eco-Industrial Park

1997 Japan Eco Town Projects

2000
2010
2015

2005 Korea National Cleaner Production Centers2009 China Circular Economy Law

2015 G7 Summit in Germany, Alliance on
Resource Efficiency、Industrial Symbiosis WS

3

Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Industries to empower
cities by circularization(Kawasaki and Kitakyushu are pioneers in 1997®26 cities)

4

Target and Accomplishment of Japanese Eco-towns
Material Flow of Traditional
Industrial Parks

Symbiotic Material Flow in Ecotowns or Eco-Industrial Parks

Conventional material flow: No-circulation

Circular material flow of Eco-towns

Virgin materials: largely depends on import
Wastes: Disposal based on provisions of theWaste Disposal and Public Cleaning Law
Recycle materials: Not used
Local material circulation: no use of recycle
materials

Virgin materials: part of virgin materials aresubstituted by recycle materials
Wastes: Disposal based on provisions of theWaste Disposal and Public Cleaning Law
Recycle materials: Use of recycle materials
mainly provided from outside the city
Local material circulation: to some extent5Eco-town area as demonstration project forSound material cycle society
METI & MOE approved Eco-Town
Plans for 26 areas as of the end ofJanuary 2006, and they provided
financial support to 62 facilities
located within the appropriate areas.

Forming the basis of capacity that totally
2.18 mil t of wastes were treated
Edited by Prof. Fujita, T.，Published by METI,2006

Distribution ofJapanese
Eco-towns

6R.V. Berkel, T. Fujita, J. ofEnv. Management,
Vol.90,pp.1544-1556, 2009

Distribution of Total
Investment Subsidy
projects in 24 EcoTowns 600mil. US$Distribution ofTotal Investment
60 projects in 24
Eco-Towns 1.6 bil.
US$Evaluation of Circular Facilities in 26 Eco-towns
Reduction of Natural Resources; 900,000.ton /yr
CO2 Emission Reduction 480,000 t-CO2/yr
Circular use ratio of by-product 92% Intra-eco-town circulation ratio 61%
Supply areas unknown(Unit: 1,000 tons)

Procurement areas unknown(70) 5%

Recycling residue disposed of(310) 24%(110)9%Resources circulated outside the Eco Town Plan regions but within the prefecture

CRs procured(1,300) 100%

(130)
10%
CRs procured fromwithin the same EcoTown Plan regions(830) 64%(40) 3%Resources circulated outside the prefecture

CRs procured from outside theprefecture
CRs procured from outside the Eco Town Plan
region but within the prefecture(6) 0%

FPs/RMs
produced(780) 60%(70) 5%

CRs utilized(1,200) 92%
CRs used as energy,
or reduced in volume(470) 36%
Recycling residue disposed of (60) 5%
Resources circulated within theEco Town Plan regions(580) 45%

S. Ohnishi, T. Fujita,
J. of Cleaner
Production, Vol.33(1),pp.217-225, 2012

Eco Town Plan regions
Outside the Eco Town Plan regions
but within the prefecture

Outside the prefecture7

Implementation of EIP system into the society
Eco-town Promotion Law 1997-2006
Hard
Substitutive
Processing
Environ.
Technologies

Resource
Excavation

Cleaner
Production

Processing

Assembly

RecycleTechnologies

End- of Pipe
Treatment
Technologies

Consumption
Waste

Soft
SocialTechnologies
Green
Procurement

Landfill

Reuse Recycle
Regulation/
Subsidy
1995-2005

Green
Purchase

Waste
Regulation
1997-2004
8

Three Keys for Sustainable
Eco-Industrial Conversion from Experiencesin Japan• Innovative Societal (regulation / subsidization)
System Transition• Double Circularity for Material and Energynetwork• Smart Green supply chain management
through ICT
9Social system to sustain the circularization in Eco-towns
Establishment of social system and business model along supply chain
from mining to waste for low carbon and sound material cycle society
Electricity
MiningRed standfor socialsystem

TransportationMaterial

Co-processing,
Heat/energy recovery
resource circularizationin the region

Process

Cleaner
production
Design for Env.
Green purchasing

Consumption

Waste

Green/regional
consumption
Regional credit

Logistic for circularization/Monitoring system
Green supply chain management in integrated urban and regional area10

Eco-town Innovation Projects by Ministry of Environment,
2011-20132010• Research committee to identify the effects of 26 national eco towns and theirprojects- Evaluation procedure for low carbon and environmental emission reduction effects- Extensive key technologies or policies for green supply chain management and regional
resource circularization
2011- Eco town innovation projects
Proposals for Model
Eco-towns

Model
Eco-towns

Hokkaido (2012）

Akita(2012）

Eco-town Innovation Projects【2011, 2012, 2013】

Solution andImprovement

Validation of innovative
circularization projects

GreenInnovation

Business scheme design
Extension for national projects

Kitakyushu（2011）
Kawasaki（2011）
Osaka（2011）11

National Guideline for the Circular Region Planning
Modeling results: Cost and scale

Total costs (billion JPY/yr)

Optimal scales of circularization is also discussed and we made quantitative analysis
based on the spatial information of the distribution of solid waste in Tokyo
Metropolitan Region with 30 million population. The results are incorporated into thenational planning guideline for circularization region.
23.4
23.2

Without capacity constraint
With capacity constraint2322.8
22.6
22.4
22.2
22678910 11 12 13 14 15Numbers of hosting cities

cost ofincineration
39%

construction
cost
4%

16

17181920

transportation
costs
30%

12

operation
costs
27%

X. Chen, T. Fujita, et.al,J. of Industrial Ecology, Vol.
16(1), pp.129–141, 201212Variation of Eco-Industrial Parks(EIP) Strategies in Eco-towns
Green Institute(Minneapolis)

URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
TYPE EIP Kitakyushu
Ecologicalconsulting
company*

Chen andFujita et. al.,Euro. J. ofEnvironment
Operationconscious
commuting system
Research,LRT, Pedestrian
Path
2013

CITY-FARMCOLLABORATIONTYPE EIP

Cape Charles Sustainable
Farm
Technology Park
(Virginia)

Recycle goods
retail & sale*Sustainable technology
research company*

Rural Area

Hokkaido

Ecological equipment
manufacturing

Environmental
Information
EIP Center; Demonstration
Businessbuilding*Support･Environmental data bank
CCR･Collaborative marketing purchase

CompostFuel Cell･Waste collection and recycling-Eco-material, Recycled Material-Design for environment

Clean Energy
Supply System
Energy Storage
System*Environmentalcommunication*

INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSISTYPE EIP

Fertilizer

Environmental
education*

Residential
Districts

Urban Area

MethaneFermentation

Akita, Osaka
Organic waste
Methanefermentation
Composting

Chemical factory

Cement factory

HeatHeatHeat

Fly ashPlastic
recycle center*

Brownfield
Neighborhood

Power plant*

Heat
Building material
recycle center*

Oil
Petro chemicalfactory

Industrial symbiosis type

Industrial complex

Kawasaki, Minamata
Water Front

Collaboration
reverse logistics
District heat supply

PRODUCT
REMANUFACTURING
TYPE EIP
13

Industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg
Bio/life
science

Power generation & material industry

Treatment or
recycling facility

City14

Kawasaki Synergy Network（Future scenario）
TJ

幸区Refinery
1

Waste heat networking among industries
with proximity to power generation

357

Powergeneration409

川崎市川崎区

Waste
heat

132

道線

ChemicalJR東海160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,00060,00040,00020,0000

エネルギー消費量15（原油換算/TJ）

Energydemand

都

高速横羽

Waste
heat

線

首Waste
heat

排熱発生量
heat
JWasteR（原油換算/TJ）
南
武線
potential

浮島IC
川崎浮島JCT

Chemical

鶴見区

Waste
鶴
heat
JR
見線

12,800170
9,900

Biomass
LNG
PowerPower generation
generation
線
湾岸
速
高首都

Steel work

LNG
Power
generation

Paper
30,30022,700357

357

Incineration
Waste
heat

川崎港

エネルギー供給源〜1.5km
エネルギー供給源〜3km

15東Smart Symbiosis Initiatives for Eco town Innovation
Smart ICT network will promote and complement the synergetic network functions
among stakeholders
Information support for optimizing
Smart industrial complex
Energy and consumption
local and regional material and energy
demand control system
supported by synergetic
circularization
for urban sectors
information network amongindustries
Weather Prediction ofLocal Data
Local energy supply
Collection
information
powerCenterand demand
generation
Smartcommunity

RenewableenergyUrban
Waste

Energydemand
発電・熱量
information

Local
symbiosis
Power plant
SteelCement

Energy demandresponse

Chemicalincineration

EnergyHigh value

Smart Recycle Center substitutive
By-productinformation

Waste and material

Smart industrial complex

methaneOperation
information

DemandUrban andRegional symbiosis

16Industrial Collective Monitoring System Overview Image
1. Selecting
2. Monitoring ofmonitoring points facilities / factories
The points expecting
large energy saving areselected based on site
survey3. Data analysis andsolution design
Urban Area

Factory scale solution
EIP scale solution
Region scale

制御ソフト

Cloud server

Stakeholders meeting#Monitoring device is used forverification after implementation

Factory AEIP
Factory B

Electricity
SensorSensorSensor
FactoryCRawmaterial

Pretreatment

Assembling/ Processing
HeatFM

Fuel

SensorBoilerFinishingProductSensor

Cooling

Chiller

17Promoting Projects between Japan and Overseas through“Eco-town” Collaboration
Overseas governmentalorganizations

Overseas local
governments
Research
Recycleinstitutions

Menu for industry/government/
private sector collaborative
support framework and support
including internationalorganizations

Collaboration based on intercity agreements, etc. on policy
information, social system
information, human resources

RecycleIndustries
Industries

Overseas firms,
researchconsortiums

Japanesegovernmentalorganizations

Eco-town
governmentsResearchinstitutions
circulatory
Recyclefirms
Industries

International publicprivate sector projects
consortiums
promotion of model
projects

Japanesefirms, research
consortiums
18

GreenInnovation
Centers

NationalCenters forGreen
Innovation

MOEJ

UnivInsti.

NIES

business

U.of
Tokyo

AIT
Univ
Insti.

IGES

Large business
Small and M businessbusiness

Integrative
Monitoring

FutureModelling

Project
DesignVerification
Certification

Leap Frogging Policy Support/ Project Design
Green Growth Finance System
Action oriented Capacity Building

19

Related Papers• X. Chen, T. Fujita, et.al.；The Impact of Scale, Recycling Boundary and Type of Waste on Urban Symbiosis: An
Empirical Study of Japanese Eco-Towns, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2012
• Satoshi Ohnishi, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Xudong Chen, Minoru Fujii；Econometric Analysis of the Performance ofRecycling Projects in Japanese Eco-Towns, Journal of Cleaner Production, (modified), 2011
• 藤田壮；グリーン・イノベーションを推進する環境都市システム，環境情報科学，Vol.40(3), pp.46-51, 2011
• 藤田壮；地域循環圏とその拠点形成の展開に向けて，The Circular Regions and its Deployment of Base Formation，
季刊「環境研究」，公益財団法人日立環境財団，pp.12-18，2011• T. Fujita, et.al.；3-2 Regional Management of Waste Circulation and Eco-Industrial Networks，Establishing aResource-Circulating Society in Asia: Challenges and Opportunities, pp.1-24, UNU Press, 2011
• 大西，陳，藤；エコタウン事業の地域循環特性に関する実証研究，環境ｼｽﾃﾑ研究論文集，Vol.38, pp.429-437, 2010
• Y. Geng, T. Fujita ,X. Chen; Evaluation of Innovative Municipal Solid Waste Management through Urban
Symbiosis: A Case Study of Kawasaki, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.18, pp.993-1000,2010• S. Hashimoto, T. Fujita et. al.；Realizing CO2 Emission Reduction through Industrial Symbiosis: A CementProduction Case Study for Kawasaki, Journal of Conservation and Recycling, Vol.54(10), pp.704-710, 2010
• R. V. Berkel, T. Fujita, Shizuka Hashimoto, Yong Geng；Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan : Analysis of theEco-Town Program 1997-2006，Journal of Environmental Management, Vol.90,pp.1544-1556, 2009
• R.V. Berkel, T. Fujita, et.al.；Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Japan,Environmental Science & Technology , Vol.43, No.5, pp.1271-1281, 2009
• Looi-Fang Wong, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Kaiqin Xu； Evaluation of Regional Bio-Energy Recovery by Local Methane
Fermentation Thermal Recycling Systems, Journal of Waste Management,Vol.28, pp.2259-2270, 2008
• 藤田 監修，「エコタウン・環境産業進行形」環境調和型まちづくり事例集，経済産業省，2007• l藤田・長澤，大西他；川崎エコタウンでの都市・産業共生評価，環境システム研究論文集，Vol.35, pp89-100, 2007
• 藤田他共著，環境科学，6章「循環型社会」， pp.162-173，専門基礎ライブラリー，実教出版，2006• 大西，藤田他；循環型産業システムの計画とその環境改善効果の算定‐川崎エコタウンにおける循環セメント事業のケーススタディ‐環境システム研究論文集，Vol.33，pp.367-376, 11,2005• 藤田，盛岡通他；循環型の産業集積開発事業の計画と評価，環境システム研究論文集，Vol.28,pp.285-293,2000 20