UTTAC-79, 2010

UTTAC
ANNUAL REPORT 2009

TANDEM ACCELERATOR COMPLEX
Research Facility Center for Science and Technology
University of Tsukuba

http://www.tac.tsukuba.ac.jp/

UTTACANNUAL REPORT 2009
April 1, 2009 – March 31, 2010

UTTAC-79 2010

Executive Editor: Hiroshi Kudo
Editors: Yoshihiro Yamato, Daiichiro Sekiba, Kimikazu Sasa, Tetsuro Komatsubara

UTTAC is a series of issues, which include annual reports of
Tandem Accelerator Complex, Research Facility Center
for Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba.
The issues may also include irregular reports written by English.
Copyright © 2010 by Tandem Accelerator Complex, Research Facility Center
for Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba and individual contributors.
All reports are written on authors’ responsibility and thus the editors are not liable
for the contents of the report.

Tandem Accelerator Complex, Research Facility Center for Science and Technology,
University of Tsukuba
Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
http://www.tac.tsukuba.ac.jp/
annual@tac.tsukuba.ac.jp

PREFACE
This annual report covers researches carried out at University of Tsukuba Tandem
Accelerator Complex (UTTAC) during the fiscal year 2009 (1 April 2009 ∼ 31 March 2010).
The topics include not only accelerator-based researches using the 12UD Pelletron and 1 MV
Tandetron accelerators, but also closely related researches to UTTAC.
October 1, 2010
Editors-i-CONTENTS

1. ACCELERATOR AND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES
1.1

Accelerator operation (2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1.2

Status of the Tsukuba AMS system (2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

1.3

The developments of detectors of the particle identification for RI beam experiment . . . .

5

1.4

Development of active target with gas electron multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

2. NUCLEAR PHYSICS
2.1

Study of the structure of 30 S by in-beam gamma ray spectroscopy and the 29 P(p,γ)30 S
reaction rate in classical novae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

2.2

Measurement of nuclear magnetic moment of unstable nucleus 40 Sc. II . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.3

Measurement of nuclear magnetic moment of unstable nucleus 30 P . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.4

Study of nuclear synthesis of 26 Al by gamma ray spectroscopy III . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3. MATERIALS AND CLUSTER SCIENCE
3.1

Electron emission from surfaces bombarded by MeV atom clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of Mg-Ni and Mg-Ti hydride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.3

The vicinage effect on energy loss of C+
2 in a thin carbon foil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.4

Study on nitrogen diffusion in ε-Fe2−3 N submicron particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4. ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
4.1

Fluctuations in cosmic ray flux around 11 kyr BP based on cosmogenic 36 Cl from theDome Fuji ice core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.2

Distribution of 36 Cl in the Yoro River basin and its relation to regional groundwater flow
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

4.3

Measurement of 36 Cl in soil : Study of extraction methods according to reservoirs . . . . 30

4.4

Chlorine-36 produced in muon irradiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.5

Production rates of 36 Cl for target elements in chondritic meteorites (II) . . . . . . . . . . 34

5. INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
5.1

Trace-element analysis of fluid inclusions in the Tsushima granite, Japan . . . . . . . . . 37

5.2

Nanopore fabrication by irradiating accelerated ions for high-sensitivity waveguide-mode
sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

6. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
6.1

Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

6.2

International conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

- iii -

7. THESES

48

8. SEMINARS

49

9. SYMPOSIA

51

10. LIST OF PERSONEL

58- iv -

1.
ACCELERATOR AND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES1.1

Accelerator operation (2009)

K. Sasa, S. Ishii, H. Kimura, H. Oshima, Y. Tajima, T. Takahashi, Y. Yamato,
T. Komatsubara, D. Sekiba and H. Kudo.
The total service time of the UTTAC multi-tandem accelerator facilities was 146 days (3,504 hours)in the fiscal year 2009. 15.8 % (552 hours) of the total service time was used for industrial users, under the
project "Open Advanced Facilities Initiative for Innovation (strategic use by industry)", which was
supported financially by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
The 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator
The operating time and the experimental beam time of the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator were1705 and 1226.4 hours, respectively, during the fiscal year 2009. Fig.1 shows the accelerator operation
hours per month. Fig.2 shows the beam time histogram with respect to the terminal voltage. Fig.3
represents the percentage of the operation hours for the three ion sources and ion species.

Machine operation hours

250
200
150
100
50
0

2009
Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec 2010Jan Feb

Mar

Fig.1. Accelerator operation hours per month for the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator in 2009.
11 MV
10 MV

Terminal voltage

9 MV
8 MV
7 MV
6 MV
5 MV
4 MV
3 MV
2 MV
1 MV
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Beam hours

700

800

900

Fig.2. Beam time histogram as a function of the terminal voltage for the 12UD Pelletron
tandem accelerator in 2009.

1

AMS
Ion Source

SputterIon Source

1H
20.8 %

36

Cl
24.7

35

Cl
4.7

12

C
5.6

40
12

C
0.1

Ca
0.1
2
H
5.2

16
O
11.8
1
H
4.3

79

Br
3.6
197

Au
3.7

4

He
5.9

3

He
9.0

Polarized
Ion Source

35

Cl
0.1

28

Si
0.2

Fig.3. Percentage of the operation hours for the three ion sources and ion species in 2009.
Heavy Ion RBS
Applied Ion Beam
1.1
Science (Heavy-ion
bombardment)
Innovation
4.7
6.4

Hydrogen Analysis Accelerator Science
0.7
2.2

Accelerator Mass
Spectrometry(AMS)
29.5 %

Applied Ion Beam
Science(Formationof nanodroplets)
11.4

Atomic Physics
12.1
Developments(Instruments
and Detectors)
13.1

NuclearPhysics
18.9

Fig.4. Percentage of the experimental beam time for the running research fields in 2009.
In 2009, 62 research programs were carried out using the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator. Totally,
668 researchers used the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator. Fig.4 shows the percentage of theexperimental beam time for the running research fields with the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator. The
periodic maintenance of the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator was scheduled for the spring of 2010, but
was postponed on July due to the breakdown of the SF6 gas-recovery unit.

2

The 1 MV Tandetron accelerator
The operating time and the experimental beam time of the 1MV Tandetron accelerator were 375.4
and 161.5 hours, respectively, during the total service time. In 2009, 40 research programs were carriedout using the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator. Totally, 251 researchers used the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator.
Fig. 5 shows the percentage of accelerated ions for the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator. Fig. 6 shows thepercentage of the experimental beam time for the running research fields.

H
25.2 %

Ccluster
33.1

He
41.7

Fig.5. Percentage of accelerated ions for the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator in 2009.

Innovation
7.3

Accelerator
beam test
3.8

Education
1.9

RBS / ERDA
33.2%
Cluster Physics
33.1
PIXE
20.7

Fig.6. Percentage of the experimental beam time for the running research fields
with the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator in 2009.

3

1.2

Status of the Tsukuba AMS system (2009)

K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, Y. Tosaki, K. Sueki, N. Kinoshita, T. Amano, J. Kitagawa, K. Kurosumi, M.
Matsumura, S. Abe, Y. Nagashima, K. Bessho 1, H. Matsumura1 and Y. Matsushi 2
The Tsukuba AMS system is able to measure environmental levels of long-lived radioisotopes of 14C,
26

Al, 36Cl and 129I by employing a molecular pilot beam. We have focused our activities on 36Cl

measurements. In 2009, 309 samples for 36Cl were measured by the Tsukuba AMS system. Total operationof the Tsukuba AMS system was 54 days in 2009. Table 1 shows current research programs and thenumber of samples in 2009.
We have measured cosmogenic 36Cl in the Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica. The apparent 36Cl flux at
the Dome Fuji Station was estimated approximately to be 2.5–3.5 × 104 atoms cm–2 yr–1 [1]. We havestarted a new project for 36Cl measurements in the Greenland NEEM ice core. It is expected to discover
innovative bipolar information for the paleo-environmental reconstruction. We have carried out a joint
research project for 36Cl exposure dating of Tiankeng in China with the China Institute of Atomic Energy.
We have been developing a 41Ca AMS for future research programs. 41Ca is a cosmogenic nuclide ofinterest for studying the irradiation history of extraterrestrial material.
Table 1 Research programs and the number of samples by the Tsukuba AMS system in 2009.
AMS research programs

Target material

Organization

NumberAntarctic ice core

Univ. of Tsukuba

121

Soil

Univ. of Tsukuba

48

Hydrological samples(ground water, rain water)

Univ. of Tsukuba

75

36

Cl-AMSCl in the Dome Fuji ice core,
Antarctica.
Measurement of 36Cl in soil.
Environmental monitoring for nuclear
facilities by AMS.
Bomb-produced 36Cl as a tracer ingroundwater.
In-situ 36Cl for denudation rates of karst
landform.
36
Cl exposure dating for Tiankeng.
Production rates of Cl-36 for target
elements in chondritic meteorites.
Chlorine-36
producedinmuon
irradiation.
36

Limestone
Meteorite

The Univ. of Tokyo
Univ. of Tsukuba
CIAE
Tokyo Metro.
Univ.

24
31

NaCl, CaCO3

Univ. of Tsukuba

10

CaF2

Univ. of Tsukuba

23

41

Ca-AMS

41

Ca-AMS development.

References[1] K. Sasa et al., , Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 268 (2010) 1193-1196.
1
2

Radiation Science Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University

4

1.3

The developments of detectors of the particle identification for RI
beam experiment

T.Moriguchi, A.Ozawa, H.Suzuki, D.Nagae, Y. Ito, H.Ooishi, Y. Ishibashi, K.Yokoyama, N.Kamiguchi,
and Y.Abe
We have developed a solid-neon detector for measuring the total energy of particles in the RI beam
experiments. The value of total energy of each particle is needed for particle identification of the RI beam.
An NaI(Tl) detector is usually used as the total-energy detector. This detector is unsuitable for high-rate
beam because of the scintillation light quenching. It is important to develop a new total-energy detector
which replace the NaI(Tl) detector.
Through the interaction of radiations with noble gasses, scintillation is emitted and electron−holepairs are produced. From these features, the noble gasses can be used as the scintillation counter andthe ionization chamber. While the liquid/solid xenon/argon detectors have been studied [1], there are few
studies of the liquid or solid neon detectors. One of the reasons is that it is difficult to make a liquid/solidneon because the melting point of the neon is lower than that of the xenon/argon. To solidify the neon gas,
we used a cryogenic system which have been already used for developing a solid hydrogen target [2]. The
purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of a neon as a scintillation and a proportional counterand to develop this detector system.
The experiment have been performed at the F-course beam line in UTTAC. Figure 1 shows a schematic
view of an experimental setup and a picture of the solid neon cell. A proton beam with 21 MeV wastransported to the neon detector located downstream of the Q-D-Q magnets. The beam intensity was
adjusted about 1000 counts per second by scattering with a gold foil at the scattering chamber. The size ofthe solid neon was φ 50 mm × 30 mmt . For using as a scintillation counter, a photo multiplier tube (PMT)
was equipped for detecting the scintillation. The wave length of the scintillation from the solid neon was
shifted by using a tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) for being detected by PMT. For using as a proportionalcounter, the copper wire which was applied a high voltage was put in the solid neon for obtaining thesignals.
In this experiment, no signal from the solid neon was observed by using both counters. We are findingout the reason about the present result.

References[1] Glenn F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement (3rd), John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[2] T. Moriguchi et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 42 (2008) 185.
[3] R.A. Michniak et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 482 (2002) 387.
[4] D.N. McKinsey et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 132 (1997) 351.

5

Fig. 1. The schematic experimental setup and the picture of the solid neon cell.

6

1.4

Development of active target with gas electron multiplier

S. Ota1 , R. Akimoto1 , T. Hashimoto1 , T. Gunji1 , S. Michimasa1 , H. Yamaguchi1 , H. Tokieda1 , T. Tsuji1 ,S. Kawase1 , H. Hamagaki1 , T Uesaka1 , S. Kubono1 , T. Isobe2 , T.Kawabata3 , A. Ozawa, H. Suzuki, D. Nagae, T. Moriguchi, Y. Itoh, Y. Ishibashi, H. Ooichi, and Y. Abe
We are developing two types of active targets using Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) [1] for the experimental study with intense (106−7 Hz) radioisotope beams in inverse kinematics. The active target has twofunctions of target and detector at the same time and enables us to measure the recoiled particle with low
energy.
One type being developed is “beam transparent type” for the study of nuclear structure and propertyof nuclear matter by measuring the giant resonances such as monopole, dipole, and Gamow-Teller ex00citation via (α, α ), (d,d ) or (d,2 He) reactions. Missing mass spectroscopy is a powerful tool for thesemeasurements, since such resonances are populated with high excitation and then the excited nuclei decay immediately by particle emission. Hence we need to measure the recoiled particles such as α, d andprotons with low kinetic energy in the forward angle scattering, which is essential to identify the transfer
momentum in the reaction. The structure of this active target is optimised as not to measure the beam
particles for the high-rate beam up to 107 Hz with the high incident energy of 100−200 MeV/u. The
detail of the structure is described later.
The other type is “beam measurement type” for the study of nuclear astrophysics, especially rpprocess in nucleosynthesis. So far, the (α,p) reaction has been measured by using thick-target method in
CRIB facility in RIKEN. Although the large window of excitation energy is studied at the same time bythis method, there still remain some uncertainties in identification of reaction process, beam energy, andposition of beam and recoiled particles. To reduce these uncertainties, we need to measure the reaction
point.
We performed two experiments to evaluate the energy and position resolutions of active targets andtheir position dependencies for “beam transparent type” in December, 2009 and for “beam measurementtype” February, 2010. In this report, the details of “beam transparent type” active target, the experimental
setup and result are described.
The schematic view of the “beam transparent type” active target is shown in Fig. 1. In this figure, thetypical case of physics experiment is shown, which is not the same as the setup in this experiment. The
beam particles go through between two field cages to measure recoiled particles. The electrons created by
the recoiled particles in the cage drift along the electric field formed by doubly layered field wires. The
electrons reach at the GEM of 100 µm thickness and amplified by typically 103 . The charge is collectedby a readout pad patterned with 16.45 × 16.45 mm2 rectangular triangle. Since there is no field along thebeam path and the centroid of cross section of beam is away from field cage, the electric field in the cageis not affected by the space charge of the residual ions. Three dimensional position is deduced from thedrift time and the charge division in two adjacent pads.
1 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
2 Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN
3 Department of Physics, Kyoto University

7

Fig. 1. Picture (left panel) and schematic view (rightpanel) of “beam transparent type” active target. The
recoiled particles are detected in two field cages. In
this experiment, the 4 He beam particles are irradiatedalong the direction of recoiled particles indicated in
the figure.

Fig. 2. Resolutions from the charge division (top left)
and the drift time (top right) and their position dependencies; Energy resolution (bottom left); and definition of incident position.

The experiment was performed at the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator. Ion beam of 4 He wasaccelerated up to 30 MeV. The beam rate was adjusted to be typically 103 Hz by using gold-foil scatterer.
The beam was irradiated from the side of the field cage, i.e., the detection area was bombarded directlyby the beam particle. The active target was filled with an admixture gas of He (95%) and CO2 (5%) of
atmospheric pressure and operated with 700-V/cm electric field where drift velocity of electron was about
2 cm/µm. A voltage supplied to the GEM was adjusted so that gas gain was about 103 . The signal fromthe active target was amplified using RPA-211 (REPIC) and digitized by 100-MHz sampling flash ADC,SIS3301, (SIS). Trigger of the digitization was made by the logical OR of first 4 pads along the beam path.
Time and charge information are deduced by the pulse shape analysis of the sampled signal. First
analysis has been done with simple way: the timing information is deduced from the extrapolation of risingedge and the charge information is deduced from the maximum charge assuming rise and fall time of eachpulse are similar. Their position dependence are shown in Fig. 2. The ordinate and abscissa axises show
the resolution and incident position with the origin at the center of the pad, respectively. The resolution
from the charge division strongly depends on the incident position, however, its dependency is explainedby propagation of errors of the energy deposition in two pads. On the other hand, the resolution from thedrift time is independent from the incident position. The measured position resolutions are typically lessthan 700 µm and 80 µm from the charge division and the drift time, respectively. The calculated angularresolution is about 8 mrad.
As outlook, we plan to measure the effect of δ rays with high-energy (∼200 MeV/u) beam and the
distortion of electric field by the space charge with high-rate (∼106 Hz) beam.

References[1] M. Inuzuka et al., Nucl. Instrum. and Method A 525, 529(2004).

8

2.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS

2.1

Study of the structure of 30 S by in-beam gamma ray spectroscopy
and the 29 P(p,γ)30 S reaction rate in classical novae

K. Setoodehnia∗ , A. A. Chen∗ , T. Komatsubara‡ , Y. Sugiyama‡ , A. Ozawa‡ , T. Moriguchi‡ , Y. Ito‡ , H.
Ooishi‡ , Y. Ishibashi‡ , T. Hayakawa# , T. Shizuma# , S. Kubono% , H. Yamaguchi% , T. Hashimoto% , D.
Kahl% , D. N. Binh%∗ Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada‡ Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan# Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan% Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo, Wako Branch at RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,

Saitama, 351-0198, JapanClassical novae are stellar explosions resulting from a thermonuclear runaway, which occur in close
binary systems consisting of a compact white dwarf and a low-mass Main Sequence companion. The
dominant nova nucleosynthetic path followed by the thermonuclear runaway can be understood by analyzing the Si isotopic abundance ratios (29 Si/28 Si and 30 Si/28 Si) in presolar grains of nova origin, which
are dust grains formed in the ejecta of classical novae [1]. This in turn can help to elucidate the chemicalcomposition of the white dwarf and the thermal history of the white dwarf’s convective envelope.
To calculate the Si isotopic abundances in such presolar grains, one needs to know the rates of the reactions which affect the 29,30 Si production and destruction in novae. One such reaction is the 29 P(p,γ)30 S
reaction [2], whose rate depends significantly on the properties of 30 S resonances above the proton threshold of 30 S at S p = 4399 ± 3 keV [3]. However, the properties of these resonances are yet not wellunderstood.
At the temperatures characteristic of explosive hydrogen burning in novae (0.1 – 0.4 GK) the 29 P(p,γ)30 S
reaction rate is dominated by two low energy 3+ and 2+ resonances, whose energies were predicted to be4733 ± 40 keV and 4888 ± 40 keV, respectively [2]. Despite several experimental studies on the structureof 30 S [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], the 2+ level remains unobserved and the 3+ level has only been tentatively
observed to be at 4704 ± 5 keV recently [9]. Thus, the 29 P(p,γ)30 S reaction rate, which depends exponentially on the resonance energies, remains uncertain by orders of magnitude.
In order to address the remaining large uncertainty in the 29 P(p,γ)30 S reaction rate, we decided tofurther investigate the level structure of 30 S using the 28 Si(3 He,nγ)30 S reaction. The first phase of thisin-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy measurement was performed at UTTAC. A natural Si target of 25 µm
thickness was irradiated by a 10 MeV 3 He beam. Gamma-gamma coincidence measurements were performed with two Ge-detectors with relative efficiencies of 140% and 70%. A NE-213 liquid scintillator
was also employed to detect neutrons for a measurement of neutron-gamma coincidences.
Due to low neutron statistics in this first run, we could not learn much from the neutron-gamma coincidence measurement. However, as a result of the preliminary analysis of gamma-gamma coincidence
measurement, we were able to observe eight levels in 30 S, three of which are above the proton thresholdincluding the two levels at 4687.9 ± 0.2 keV and 4810.4 ± 0.5 keV, which likely correspond to the two

9astrophysically important states predicted by Iliadis el al. [2]. Moreover, a state was observed at 4250.1± 1.4 keV which is below the proton threshold and might be a new state in 30 S. The origin of the newly
found level is still under investigation but it decays to the second excited state of 30 S by emitting a 845.4
keV γ-ray (see Fig. 1). If one compares the γ-decay scheme of 30 S with that of its mirror nucleus 30 Si,
one can tentatively estimate the spin assignments of the levels in 30 S from the relative intensities of the
γ-rays. This analysis is still in progress. In order to pin down the spin/parity assignments, the next phaseof the experiment will measure the Directional Correlation of Oriented (DCO) nuclei ratios of the relevanttransitions.
+

3

+

2

+

4

4810.44687.91404.82921.84250.12599.5

2

+

+

845.4

0

3404.72477.12+3667.71456.81193.8+5132.713676.71465.82210.92210.9

+

0

0

30

S

Fig. 1. The level structure of 30 S determined thus far in this project. The spins and parities are tentatively
assigned based on comparison with the mirror levels in 30 Si.

References[1] J. José, M. Hernanz, S. Amari, and E. Zinner, Astrophys. J. 612 414 (2004).
[2] C. Iliadis, J. M. D’Auria, S. Starrfield, W. J. Thompson and M. Wiescher, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
134 151 (2001).
[3] G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra and C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A 729 337 (2003).
[4] R. A. Paddock, Phys. Rev. C 5 485 (1972).
[5] J. M. G. Caraça, R. D. Gill, A. J. Cox and H. J. Rose, Nucl. Phys. A 193 1 (1972).
[6] E. Kuhlmann, W. Albercht and A. Hoffmann, Nucl. Phys. A 213 82 (1973).
[7] H. Yokata, K. Fujioka, K. Ichimaru, Y. Mihara and R. Chiba, Nucl. Phys. A 383 298 (1982).
[8] H. O. U. Fynbo et al., Nucl. Phys. A 677 38 (2000).
[9] D. W. Bardayan et al., Phys. Rev. C 76 045803 (2007).
[10] K. Setoodehnia et al., Nucl. Phys. A 834 205c (2010).

10

2.2

Measurement of nuclear magnetic moment of unstable nucleus 40Sc. Ⅱ

Y.Ishibashi, A.Ozawa, T.Nagatomo 1, Y.Tagishi, Y.Abe, Y.Ito, H.Oishi, N.Kamiguchi, H.Suzuki, D.Nagae,
T.Moriguchi and K.Matsuta 2
The unstable nucleus 40Sc(Iπ=4- T1/2=182ms) is located near stable nucleus 40Ca, which is a doubly closed
shell nucleus. Thus, its nuclear structure is interesting. However, the nuclear magnetic moment (µ) of 40Sc
has never been measured. Since µ is sensitive to the configuration mixing in the nucleus, we started themeasurement of 40Sc from the last year.
Last year, we measured only µ of 40Sc in CaF2 crystal. But we did not get the central value of µ of 40Sc
[1]. So, we did three improvements. First, we measured µ of 20F in CaF2 crystal for the system check.
Production of polarized 20F by polarized deuteron beam was performed at UTTAC previously [2]. Second,
we changed β-NMR system to improve signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio). Therefore, to the previous system
we added thick scintillation counters (10mm thickness) for measurement of energy spectrum of β-ray, andchanged chamber material from Al to Delrin, as shown in Fig.1.

At last we changed target from CaF2 to

CaO. Because µ of 41Sc (Iπ=7/2- T1/2=0.59s) has been measured in CaO crystal [3], so we can expect that
nuclear polarization of 40Sc is maintained during its half-life. We made CaO target at RIKEN. First we
made CaCO3 pellet from CaCO3 powder. Next, the pellet was put into oven, and baked at 900°C throughone night. As a result, CaO is made from CaCO3.
High-frequency
Magnet Polemagnetic field(~15G)

Plastic Scintillator(1mmt)

Polarized Proton Beam

Static magnet field(3.7kG)

Energy:20MeV
Intensity:~8.0nA

Cu(1mmt) Absorber
Plastic Scintillator

Chamber(Delrin)(10mmt:Total E Counter)
Stopper(CaO:2mmt or CaF2:3mmt)

RF Coil(L=2µH)

Fig.1 Experimental setup for β-NMR
Fig.2 shows time spectrum at three conditions. Time spectra in previous works are shown Fig.2(a), time
spectra measured by new chamber is shown Fig.2(b), and time spectra measured in CaO target is shown
Fig.2(c). From these figures, we calculated purity of 40Sc at condition (a), (b), and (c), respectively, 60±2%,
72±1%, and 76±1%. So we recognized that condition (c) is best and determined to measure in CaO target
in future.
Fig.3 shows NMR spectrum of 20F. Red (green) points are data that beam polarization direction is up(down), respectively. The central value of g-factor is 1.047, which is known value[4], and we observed
12International Christian University, Osawa 3-10-2, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan,
Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan11

nuclear polarization here. Furthermore, in Fig.3, nuclear polarization of 20F was reversed when the
direction of deuteron polarization was reversed. Thus, our detection system for β-NMR works properly.
Fig.4 shows NMR spectrum of 40Sc. Red (green) points are data measured by CaO (CaF2) target,
respectively. From this figure, µ of 40Sc has not been determined in both targets. We applied magnetic
field=3.7kG in this time, but it may not be enough. Measurements at higher magnetic field are required for
future experiments.

Fig.2(a) Time spectra measured in CaF2 at old chamber (aluminum). (b) Time spectra measured in CaF2
at new chamber (delrin). (c) Time spectra measured in CaO at new chamber (delrin).

Fig.3 NMR spectrum of 20F

Fig.4 NMR spectrum of 40Sc

Acknowledgement
The authors wish to thank the technical staffs of UTTAC for their supports during the experiment. We
would like to thank Dr. Y. Kobayashi (RIKEN) for helpful make CaO target.
References[1] Y.Ishibashi et al., UTTAC ANNUAL REPORT 2008(2009)11[2] K.Matsuta et al., UTTAC ANNUAL REPORT 2004(2005)14[3] T.Minamisono et al., Nucl. Phys. A516(1990)365[4] N.J.Stone, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 90(2005)75

12

2.3

Measurement of nuclear magnetic moment of unstable nucleus 30P

Y.Abe, A.Ozawa, H.Suzuki, Y.Tagishi, Y.Ishibashi, Y.Ito, H.Ooishi, D.Nagae, T.Moriguchi, K.Yokoyama,
T.Nagatomo1
The magnetic moments of the nuclei are suitable to investigate the nuclear structure. The unstable
nucleus 30P (half life T1/2=2.498 min, Iπ=1+) is the self-conjugate nucleus, where the isospin is zero. The
nuclear magnetic moment of 30P has not been measured. We measured yield and purity of 30P to optimize
the beam condition.
The unstable nucleus 30P were produced through the 30Si(p,n)30P or 29Si(d,n)30P reaction initiated by thebeam of proton or deuteron obtained by 12UD Pelletron at Tandem Accelerator Complex, University ofTsukuba. A 8,9,10 MeV proton beam and 4,5 MeV deuteron beam irradiated natural Si (28Si:29Si:30Si =92.23%:4.67%:3.10%) target. The intensity of proton beam was ~6 nA, deuteron beam was ~5 nA. The
target was single crystalline Si 1.0 mm thick. All the 30P nuclei were stopped in the same Si target. The βrays from the 30P nuclei in the target were detected by two sets of plastic scintillation counters locatedabove and below the target. These counters consisted of two plastic scintillators with a thickness of 1.0mm.
A typical time spectrum of β rays is shown in Fig.1. The spectrum is fitted by two exponentialfunctions. The 30P nuclei was produced, however 29P (T1/2 = 4.142 s, Iπ=1/2+) nuclei was also produced.
We calculated a value of Figure of Merit (FOM), that is defined by FOM = YP2, where Y is yield, P ispurity. FOM should be as large as possible. Table 1 shows FOM for all experiment conditions. The best
Fig.1. Typical time spectrum of 30P and 29P.

Table 1. The result of all experimental conditions.
Beam

1

Energy[MeV]

Yield[Count/sec]

Purity[%]Figure of Merit3

90.2±0.1(61.6±1.0)×103

Proton10(75.7±1.1)×10

Proton9(66.2±1.0)×103

93.1±0.3(57.4±0.9)×103

Proton8(76.5±3.1)×102

94.8±0.3(68.8±3.0)×102

Deuteron5(91.8±1.6)×103

80.6±0.1(59.7±1.3)×103

Deuteron4(12.8±0.5)×104

78.6±0.1(79.2±1.2)×103

International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan13

condition was a 4 MeV deuteron beam experiment.
We measured the magnetic moment of 29P by the β-NMR method to check a polarization andmeasurement system [1]. It is already known as µ=1.2349(3)µN [2].
→The polarized 29P was produced through the 29Si(d,n)30P reaction initiated by the polarized deuteron beam
(P=75%). A 4 MeV deuteron beam irradiated natural Si target. The intensity of polarized deuteron beam→

was ~2.5 nA. The target was single crystalline Si with 0.5 mm thickness. All 29P nuclei were stopped in
the same Si target. The β rays from the 29P nuclei in the target were detected by three sets of plastic
scintillation counter located above and below the target, where one set of plastic scintillation counters witha thickness of 10 mm were added. To keep nuclear polarization of 29P inside the target, a static magnetic
field H0 (~1.9 kG and ~3.7 kG) was applied. To perform NMR, a radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field H1(~3.55 MHz and ~6.95 MHz) was applied by a Helmholtz coil.
We measured NMR spectra with two conditions. Observed NMR spectra are shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3.
AP shown in Fig.3 is larger than AP shown in Fig.2, where A is asymmetry parameter of β-rays, P ispolarization. Thus, the static magnetic field should be raised as much as possible. We will develop thesystem which can supply higher static magnetic field. After the development, we will perform themagnetic moment measurement of 30P.

Fig.2. NMR spectrum in the case of H0=1.9 kG.

Fig.3. NMR spectrum in the case of H0=3.7 kG

References[1] C.P. Slichter, Principles of magnetic resonance, 3rd enlarged and updated ed.
[2] N.J. Stone, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 90 (2005) 75-176

14

2.4

Study of nuclear synthesis of 26Al by gamma ray spectroscopy III

T. Komatsubara, Y. Sugiyama, A. Ozawa, Y. Abe, N. Kamiguchi, K. Yokoyama, T. Shizuma*, T.
Hayakawa*, S. Kubono#* JAEA#

CNS, Tokyo University

Since observation of 1.809-MeV gamma rays by satellite gamma ray telescope has been reported[1], theastrophysical study of 26Al is very important for nuclear synthesis. Half life of the 26Al is 7.2×105 year.
The nucleus 26Al can be created by 25Mg(p,γ) reaction. However there is bypass reaction sequence
25

Al(p,γ)26Si(β,ν)26mAl(β,ν) which emits no gamma ray of 1.809-MeV. The excited states of 26Si, key

nucleus, have been studied by reaction mechanism[2-5] and gamma ray spectroscopy[6]. In our previous
studies, one new level is found above proton threshold at 5886-keV in the 26Si[7]. For the determination ofspin of the observed state, gamma-ray angular correlation measurements were carried out[8].
In order to investigate the level structure in 26Si, in-beam gamma ray spectroscopy was performed at
UTTAC. The excited states of 26Si were populated by the nuclear reaction 24Mg(3He,n)26Si. The 3He beamof 10 MeV was irradiated on a natural Mg target. Target thickness of the Mg foil is 3 mg/cm2.
Gamma-gamma coincidence measurements were performed by using Ge detectors. Relative efficiencies of
the Ge detectors are 40% and 35% at 1333-keV. In the previous angular correlation measurement, there
was a uncertain parameter of normalization which used for correction of different solid angles of thedetectors. In order to conserve the solid angles of the Ge detectors a goniometer of 1.5 m in diameter was
newly installed in the present study. For the measurement of the DCO ratio [9], one detector is fixed at 90
degree and other is mounted on the turn table of the goniometer to move between 90 and 135 degree withrespect to the beam axis.
As the results of the DCO measurement, the ratios are shown as crosses in Fig. 1 as a function of the
gamma ray energy. The gate gamma ray is 1797-keV 2+ → 0+ transition. In this figure, previous results
are shown as closed circles, and theoretical expectation values are also shown as open triangles.
For the 989-, 1537-, 1960-, and 2340-keV transitions, newly measured values are consistent to theprevious results. Statistical error of the 2646-keV transition is quite large for the new result. For the3875and 4089-keV, DCO ratio can not evaluated in the new measurement because of the small efficiencies of
the Ge detectors.
Because the new results with goniometer are rather consistent with previous results, evaluation of thenormalization factor for the previous measurement is confirmed.

References[1] R. Diehl, H. Halloin, K. Kretschmer, G.G. Lichti, V. Schönfelder, A.W. Strong, A. Kienlin, W. Wang, P.
Jean, J. Knödlseder, J.P. Roques, G. Weidenspointner, S. Schanne, D.H. Hartmann, C. Winkler, C.

15

Wunderer, Nature 439 (2006) 45.
[2] D.W. Bardayan, J.C. Blackmon, A.E. Champagne, A.K. Dummer, T. Davinson, U. Greife, D. Hill, C.
Iliadis, B.A. Johnson, R.L. Kozub, C.S. Lee, M.S. Smith, P.J. Woods, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 032801(R).
[3] J.A. Caggiano, W.B. Smith, R. Lewis, P.D. Parker, D.W. Visser, J.P. Greene, K.E. Rehm, D.W.
Bardayan, A.E. Champagne, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 055801.
[4] Y. Parpottas, S. M. Grimes, S. Al-Quraishi, C.R. Brune, T.N. Massey, J.E. Oldendick, A. Salas, T.
Wheeler, Phys. Rev. C 70 (2004) 065805.
[5] P.N. Replowski, L.T. Baby, I. Wiedenhöver, S.E. Dekat, E. Diffenderfer, D.L. Gay, O. Grubor-Urosevic,
P. Höflich, R.A. Kaye, N. Keeley, A. Rojas, A. Volya, Phys. Rev. C 79 (2009) 032801(R).
[6] D. Seweryniak, P.J. Woods, M.P. Carpenter, T. Davinson, R.V.F. Janssens, D.G. Jenkins, T. Lauritsen,
C.J. Lister, J. Shergur, S. Sinha, A. Woehr, Phys. Rev. C 75 (2007) 062801(R).
[7] T. Komatsubara, K. Ebisu, T. Kawamata, A. Ozawa, K. Hara, T. Moriguchi, Y. Hashizume, T. Shizuma,
T. Hayakawa, S. Kubono, UTTAC Annual Report 2007, UTTAC-77 (2008) pp. 15-16.
[8] T. Komatsubara, A. Ozawa, K. Hara, T. Moriguchi, Y. Ito, H. Satake, H. Ooishi, Y. Ishibashi, T.
Shizuma, T. Hayakawa, S. Kubono, S. Hayakawa, D.N. Binh, A. Chen, J. Chen, UTTAC Annual Report
2008, UTTAC-78 (2009) pp. 13-14[9] K.S. Krane, R.M. Steffen, R.M. Wheeler, Nuclear Data Tables, 11, (1973) 351.

Fig.1 DCO ratios for 26Si.

16

3.
MATERIALS AND CLUSTER SCIENCE

3.1

Electron emission from surfaces bombarded by MeV atom clusters

H. Kudo, H. Arai, S. Tomita, S.Ishii, and T. Kaneko1
Pronounced suppression of electron emission from surfaces bombarded by fast clusters is one of thewell known vicinage effects [1]. However, the main mechanism of the suppression still remains unsolved.
We report on the recent analysis of the experimental data obtained at Tsukuba [2, 3], from which weconclude that the interference of wake potentials generated by the cluster atoms disturbs the escape ofelectrons, which gives rise to the observed suppression of electron emission [4, 5].
Figure 1 shows the energy spectra of low-energy electrons emitted from KCl(001) and highly-oriented
pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) which were bombarded by C+n beams of 12.5 keV/u (0.15 MeV/atom). Fora measured energy spectrum, the integrated yield Yn per n–atom cluster is given by the area under the
spectrum, taking into account the energy dependence of the energy acceptance. Figure 2 shows the Yn /Y1
vs. n plots obtained from the present experiments for HOPG and KCl targets, where we see the typicallinear n dependence. Similar results have been obtained also for 41.7 keV/u Cn . The observed values ofRelative yield (arb. unit)

the slope α (see Fig. 2) lie in the range 0.2 < α < 0.4.

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

KCl

HOPG

26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Electron energy (eV)Fig. 1. Energy spectra of electrons emitted from KCl and HOPG bombarded by C+
1 of 12.5 keV/u (0.15
MeV/atom). Note that the real zero-energy corresponds to 30 eV on the horizontal axis. The yields
are shown for the same number of incident C atoms.

The observed n dependences of Yn /Y1 for KCl and HOPG are very similar, although Y1 for KCl ishigher than for HOPG by a factor of ∼10 (Fig.1). Also, the difference between the two targets is muchsmaller than that in the case of suppression from Yn /Y1 = n. These results provide clear evidence against
the possible effects associated with the surface transmission of electrons, nor with the track potential.
From the analysis of the linear n dependence of electron yield, we have specified the possible mechanism of suppressed electron emission from surfaces bombarded by fast clusters. Actually, the suppressed
electron emission for cluster bombardment is predominantly caused by the disturbance of the electron
1 Okayama University of Science

17

4

Yn/Y1

3

2

1

0
0

1

2

3 4 5 6 7Cluster size n

89Fig. 2. Yn /Y1 values for impact of 12.5 keV/u Cn on HOPG and KCl targets. Circles and crosses show
the yields for KCl and HOPG, respectively. The solid lines were drawn to determine the slope α,
while the dashed line represents Yn /Y1 = n, i.e., absence of the vicinage effect.

escape due to the electric potential generated by moving cluster atoms. This model accounts for the observed n dependence of electron emission, and long-range interaction of dissociated cluster atoms in theelectron transport process.
There is a possibility that the interference term, which appears in the expression of wake potential[6], gives rise to a shift from suppressed emission to enhanced emission of electrons as cluster speed
increases, corresponding to that in the case of cluster stopping power. However, the applicability of thepresent model to enhanced electron emission for fast clusters in a Bethe stopping region requires carefulfurther study.

References[1] See, for example, a review by M. Fallavier: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 112 (1996) 72.
[2] H. Kudo, W. Iwazaki, R. Uchiyama, S. Tomita, K. Shima, K. Sasa, S. Ishii, K. Narumi, H. Naramoto,Y. Satoh, S. Yamamoto, T. Kaneko: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45 (2006) L565.
[3] S. Tomita, S. Yoda, R. Uchiyama, S. Ishii, K. Sasa, T. Kaneko and H. Kudo: Phys. Rev. A 73 (2006)
060901(R).
[4] H. Arai, H. Kudo, S. Tomita, and S. Ishii, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 78 (2009) 104301.
[5] H. Kudo, H. Arai, S. Tomita, S. Ishii, and T. Kaneko, Vacuum 84 (2010) 1014
[6] T. Kaneko: Phys. Rev. A 66 (2002) 052991.

18

3.2 X-ray absorption spectroscopy of Mg-Ni and Mg-Ti hydride
D. Sekiba, K. Shiba, Y. Watahiki
Introduction
The Mg-based alloys, such as Mg-Ni, Mg-TI, Mg-Fe etc., have attracted much attention as typicalmaterials for the purpose of hydrogen storage. In order to develop the better hydrogen storage
materials, the understanding of their electronic structures is important. So many experimental [1,2]and theoretical [3-5] efforts have been devoted to this field. Interestingly these Mg-based alloys
show the metal-insulator transition by absorbing hydrogen. For example, the thin Mg2Ni film (50nm) deposited on a glass substrate is reflective metal, while Mg2NiH4 is reddish transparent
semiconductor. However the mechanism of this metal-insulator transition has not been elucidated interms of the electronic structure. We have been trying the in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAFS) of Mg2Ni and Mg2Ti thin film in air and also hydrogen atmosphere.

Experimentals
The Mg2Ni and Mg2Ti film (200 nm thick) were deposited on the both sides of kapton films of 125µm thick. The films were caped by 5 nm thick Pd layer to avoid the oxidation and enhance thedissociation of hydrogen molecules. For the deposition we used DC magnetron sputtering system in
MANA foundory in National Institute for Materials Science. The exact compositions of the preparedalloys were determined by Rutherford back scattering (RBS) at the C-course of Tandetron
accelerator in UTTAC. We newly designed a sample holder suitable to the hard X-ray absorption
spectroscopy with the fluorescent mode in the hydrogen atmosphere (see Fig. 1). The both
X-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray-absorption fine structure(EXAFS) were measured at BL7C in Photon Factory in KEK.

Results and Conclusion
Figure 2 shows the XANES spectra taken at the Ni K-edge on the Pd/Mg2Ni/kapton film. The blackline indicates the initial state before the hydrogenation. We can see the shoulder-like features at
8316.5 and 8322.5 eV and a peak at 8340.8 eV. These spectral features are consistent with theprevious peport [1] taken by transmission mode and total fluorescence yield mode. After the dosageof Ar 98 % + H2 2 % gas with the pressure of 0.15 MPa in the newly made sample holder, thespectrum changed slightly (red line). The edge position shifted toward the higher photon energy.
However this shift is much smaller compared with that reported in the previous paper [1]. Wechanged the sample gas to the pure H2, then we obtained the spectrum plotted by green line. There
we observed the edge shift with ~ 1 eV and the peak at 8340.8 eV remained at the same energy.
These are consistent with the previous results. Thus it was confirmed the verification of our new
sample holder and the sample preparation methods. As a next step, we applied the same method for
the Mg-Ti alloys, for which no comprehensive study of XAFS have been made.

19

Figure 1.
sample hoder

Figure 2.
XANES spectua on Mg-Ni[1] B. Farangis, P. Nachimuthu, T.J. Richardson, J.L. Slack, R.C.C. Perera, E.M. Gullikson, D.W.
Lindle, M. Rubin, Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 085106.
[2] M. Di Vece, A.M.J. van der Eerden, D. Grandjean, R.J. Westerwaal, W. Lohstroh, S.G. Nikitenko,
J.J. Kelly, D.C. Koningsberger, Materials Chemistry and Physics 91 (2005) 1.
[3] W.R. Myers, L-W. Wang, T.J. Richardson, M.D. Rubin, J. Appl. Phys. 91 (2002) 4879.
[4] G.N. Garcia, J.P. Abriata, J.O. Sofo, Phys. Rev. B 59 (1999)11746[5] Michiel J. van Setten, Gilles A. de Wijs, Phys. Rev. B 76 (2007) 075125.

20

3.3

The vicinage effect on energy loss of C+
2 in a thin carbon foil.

S. Tamura, S. Tomita, Y. Narita, H. Tanikawa, K. Kurita, S. Isii, K. Sasa, and H. Kudo
When swift molecular ions are injected on a thin carbon foil, the energy loss of constituent individual
atoms differ from the case of mono atomic ion injection. This effect is known as one of the vicinage effects,
which was first reported by Brandt et al. [1] in 1974. Since then, many experimental results were reported
for carbon clusters [2-4]. For an injection energy higher than 2.0 MeV/atom, it is shown that the vicinage
effect is constructive, namely, the energy loss per atom for cluster ions is larger than that of an atomic ion+(∆E(C+
n )/n > ∆E(C )). The results can be reproduced with the calculations based on the interference of

response of the target electrons [5, 6]. However, in the low energy region below 1 MeV/atom, Kaneko[5] predicted the destructive effect while Heredia-Avalos et al. [6] reported constructive effect in thecalculations. For the low kinetic energy below 1 MeV/atom, there have been only two reports so far [3, 4].
The experimental results reported by Brunelle et al. [3] show the destructive effect while Tomaschko etal. [4] show slightly constructive trend. In both cases, the uncertainty is too large to discuss such a small
effect. In the present report, we performed the precise measurements of energy loss of C+
2 in a thin carbon
foil in the energy range from 0.33 to 0.66 MeV/atom.
Schematic drawing of the experimental setup is shown in Fig.1. The thin carbon foil whose thickness
is 3.3 µg/cm2 was mounted on a mechanical system together with empty frame, which moved periodicallyso that carbon molecular beam penetrated the thin carbon foil and empty frame alternatively. Subsequently,
the energy of carbon atoms that elastically scattered by Au on a amorphous carbon foil were measured at100◦ by an ion-implanted-silicon charged-particle detector. The measured energy is proportional to theincident energy on Au target so that the energy of carbon atoms after penetration through the thin carbon
foil can be measured.
SSD

100

～

°

0.33 0.66 MeV/atom+

C n (n = 1 ~ 2 )~ 4.0 ×10−6 Pa
Aperture φ1.0

Carbon foilÅ

Au(~10 )on Carbon foil

Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the experimental setup.

21+The energy dependence of the difference between the energy loss of C+
2 per atom and C1 with same

velocity is shown in Fig.2, together with all experimental results reported so far [2-4]. It is clearly seenthat our error bar is extremely small compared to the other data. In the energy range from 0.33 to 0.66+
MeV/atom, the energy loss of C+
2 per atom is decreased 1 to 5 % compared to that of C1 . The experimental

values are in agreement with theoretical calculations [5]. The reversal of the effect seems to take placearound the velocity of 1 MeV/atom for carbon cluster ions.

2+

E (C )/2 -+E (C ) (keV)

10

5

0
Present data.
Tomaschko et al.
Baudin et al.
Brunelle et al.

-5

Kaneko's calculation.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Energy (MeV/atom)+
Fig. 2. The difference between the energy loss of C+
2 per atom and C1 with same velocity. Present results(filled circles), Buadin et al.(filled squares) [2], Brunelle et al. (open square) [3], Tomaschko et al.
(open triangles) [4], Kaneko’s calculation (open circles) [5].

References[1] W. Brandt, A. Ratowski, and R. H. Ritchie, Physical Review Letters 33, 1325 (1974).
[2] K. Baudin, A. Brunelle, M. Chabot, S. Della-Negra, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Section
B 94, 341 (1994).
[3] A. Brunelle, S. Della-Negra, J. Depauw, D.Jacquet, Y. Le Beyec, and M. Pautrat, Phys. Rev. A 59,
4456 (1999).
[4] C. Tomaschko, D. Brandl, R. Kügler, M. Schurr, and H.Voit, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
Section B 103, 407 (1995).
[5] T. Kaneko , Phys. Rev. A 66, 052901 (2002).
[6] S. Heredia-Avalos, R. Garcia-Molina, and I.Abril, Phys. Res. A 76, 012901 (2007).

22

3.4

Study on nitrogen diffusion in ε-Fe2−3 N submicron particles

M. Minagawa, H. Yanagihara, M. Kishimoto and E. Kita
Iron nitrides have been attracting much attention as magnetic materials because of their unique properties, such as large saturation magnetization, large magnetic anisotropy[1, 2] and high corrosion resistance. Additionally, their compound are only composed of non-rare elements and have high potentials as
environmentally-enhancing materials being alternatives of current high performance magnetic materials
including rare metals such as FePt and NdFeB.
Iron nitrides are categorized to be interstitial compounds and the crystal structure depends on thenitrogen content and magnetic properties also change. The typical iron nitride are α”-Fe16 N2 (bct), γ’Fe4 N (fcc) and ε-Fe3 N(hcp) that are ferromagnetic at room temperature.
The ε phase Iron nitrides are stable and the nitrogen concentration varies from 25 at.% to 33 at.% corresponding to the nitrogen concentration of x, 0≤x≤1, for ε-Fe3−x N. The phase posses superior corrosion
and mechanical properties and were well studied.[3] The magnetic properties in the phase were reported tobe largely influenced by the nitrogen concentration. Curie temperatures and magnetic moments decrease
drastically with the increase of nitrogen concentration[4].
It is important for these nano-structured iron nitrides to elucidate fundamental properties in order to
use as new types of magnetic materials. To clarify that fundamental physical and magnetic properties bulk
samples are preferable, however bulk synthesized by usual methods will have a nitrogen concentration
gradient. On the other hand, nano-sized particles can be crystallized in a single phase nitride much easierthan bulk. Because they have a large surface area, nitrogen atoms can penetrate easily and uniformly into
the particles. Extending the size of the particles with in single-phase, it is possible to make an accuratecharacterization with the small surface effects.
In this study, we used 180 nm Fe3 O4 particles with relatively large size as starting material and synthesized single phase ε-Fe2−3 N. The use of large particles has an advantage that the influence of surface
oxidization can be suppressed. By annealing in H2 atmosphere, nitrogen concentrations were varied andwere deduced from the lattice parameters. Nitrogen diffusion is discussed supposing the uniform distribution of nitrogen atoms in particles.
180 nm Fe3 O4 particles were used as starting materials and were reduced in H2 flow at 673 K to 2.5
h. Reduced samples were nitrided in NH3 flow for 24 h at various temperatures. Then we obtained the
optimum temperature at which single-phase ε-Fe2−3 N can be generated. The backward growth of thesample, decraesing the nitrogen concentration, was achieved by annealing the samples at 603 K in H2
flow with varying annealing time. A usual backward growth procedure is done by the annealing in thegas mixture of NH3 and H2 at lower temperature than the nitriding temperature,[3] however, we used H2
atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out for identification of resulted phase and determinationof lattice constants.
Mössbauer spectra were recorded at room temperature. Data were numerically analyzed with a commercially available fitting software, MossWin ver.3. Samples for Mössbauer spectroscopy were sealed inplastic capsules with epoxy or vanish to prevent the oxidation.
Samples reduced from the Fe3 O4 particles were confirmed to be in an α-Fe single phase. Nitrided

23

Fe3N(111)

Fe3N(002)

Fe3N(110)

Intensity (arb.units)

180 nm

(a)

(b)

(c)

35

40

45

50

2θ ( degree )Fig. 1. XRD patterns of riron nitrides in diameters of 180 nm, as-nitrided sample (a), H2 anealed sample
at 603 K for 2 h (b) and H2 annealed sample at 603 K for 4 h (c).

sample at temperatures around 623 K showed ε-Fe2−3 N single phase. Especially the sample nitrided at
623 K was sufficiently nitrided, therefore, the sample is labeled as ”as-nitrided”(a). Figure 1 shows XRD
patterns and the as-nitrided sample revealed to have the hcp structure with larger unit cell than that of bulk
ε-Fe3 N. This result inferred the excess nitrogen atoms enlarged the lattice. Its lattice constants are a =0.480 nm and c = 0.443 nm. Nitrogen concentration x in ε-Fex N was reported to have a relation between
lattice constants of a hcp structure as follows,[4]0.03180.0673=.
(1)
a − 0.44709 c − 0.42723
Then x for the sample (a) was estimated to be 2.0 and nitrogen atoms are packed up to the limit of hcp
x=

structure. The sample annealed in H2 flow for 2 h has lattice constants of a = 0.473 nm and c = 0.439
nm, and the chemical formula was ε-Fe2.6 N. The sample with 4 h annealing (c) had the lattice constants
identical to the bulk ε-Fe3 N, a = 0.470 nm and c = 0.438 nm. Peaks in XRD shifted through the annealing,
however, no line broadening was observed. This depicts that concentration gradient of nitrogen atoms in
the particles did not occur and uniform distribution is realized.
Mössbauer spectra recorded at room temperature are shown in Fig.2 (A). The spectra for the as-nitrided
sample (a) compose of two singlets, which indicates the sample was paramagnetic. The sample (b) with
the H2 anneal for 2 h revealed to be in a magnetically order state where the magnetic transition temperature
is higher than room temperature. The spectrum was fit to a distributed Hyperfine field( Hhf ) spectrum andthe distribution histograms are shown in Fig. 2(B). The peak in Hhf was observed at around 20.8 T whichcoincides with that of ε-Fe2.6 N.[5]. There are two extra peaks at lower magnitude of Hhf indicating the
distribution in magnetic transition temperature. The spectrum for the sample (c) was composed of two
ferromagnetic sub-spectra. The major component has a distributed Hhf with a peak Hhf of 23.8 T. An
additional ferromagnetic component about 5.4 % of area ratio was detected and the averaged hyperfine
field is 29.9 T. It was also attributed to ε-Fe3 N[5].
Diffusion process of the ε phase particles was analyzed using data for samples with different nitrogen24180 nm(a)

Distribution

Intensity (arb.)

(b)
(b)

(c)

!

(c)

#

$!

$#

"!

"#

!

Hhf (T)
RT

%$"

%&

%'

!

'

&

$"

Velocity (mm / s)

(B)

(A)

Fig. 2. (A) Mössbauer spectra for iron nitrides recored at room temperature. Spectra for the as-nitrided(a), H2 annealed for 2h (b), and H2 annealed for 4h (c) samples are shown. Samples (a), (b) and(c) correspond to ε-Fe2 N, ε-Fe2.6 N and ε-Fe3 N. The distributions in hyperfine fields for samples(b) and (c) are displayed in panel (B).

concentration and the same crystalline structure. The diffusion in a sphere was expressed by the following
equation,[6]6c̄ − ceπ2= 2 exp(− 2 Dt).
ca − ce πr0(2)Here, c̄, ce ca , D, are t are an average concentration, a surface concentration at the end, an initial concentration, a diffusion constant and a reaction time, respectively. We supposed ce = 0, D because thebackward diffusion was occurred in this case. The diffusion constant is therefore expressed as follows,r02
π 2 c̄
ln.
(3)
π 2t 6ca
By the H2 annealing for 4 h, nitrogen concentration decreased from 33 at.% to 25 at.%. Taking ca = 33
D=−

at% and c̄ = 25 at%, the diffusion constant at 603 K was estimated to be D = 6.33 × 10−20 [m2 /sec]. Thisis a diffusion constant of nitrogen in the hcp structure, Dhcp .
The diffusion constant of thin plate ε-Fe2−3 N was expressed as DεN = 1.68 × 10−7 exp(-118000/RT)
m2 /sec[3]. From the relation, the bulk diffusion constant is found to be DεN = 1.01 × 10−17 m2 /sec at 603
K. It is about three order larger than that obtained in the present work. The difference might be causedby the anti-sintering process at the particle surface suppressing the nitrogen diffusion. For reference, thediffusion constant of nitrogen in bcc α-Fe was expressed as D = 4.88 × 10−7 exp (-76900/RT) m2 /sec[6].

25The value at 603 K is D = 1.06 × 10−13 m2 /sec. This shows that the diffusion constant in hcp is essentiallysmaller than that in the bcc phase.
The diffusion constants of nitrogen atom in the hcp phase Fe both in bulk and small particles are
smaller than that in bcc phase. The difference may originate from the characteristics of the crystalline
structure. The hcp and fcc structures belong to the closed pack structure and movement of the guest atoms
among the interstitial sites has less probability than the case in the bcc (not closed packed) structure. It
is interesting that the nitrogen diffusion constant is three order smaller than that in the bulk specimen.
The smaller coefficient means that the nitrogen atoms do not move easily. Providing the two dimensional
diffusion, nitrogen penetration depth, x, is expressed as the relation, x2 ∝ Dτ.[7] From the relation, theuniform nitrogen concentration range in the fine particles was roughly speculated to be 10−3/2 ' 0.03
times smaller than that for the bulk. Supposing 10 µm of the uniform range in bulk, the nitrogen uniform
range for fine particles is estimated to be 300 nm. This suggests the upper particle size of ε single phaseparticles.
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid Scientific Research (Grant No. 19560661) under MEXT,
Japan.

References[1] Y. Sasaki, N. Usuki, K. Matsuo, and M. Kishimoto, IEEE Tran.Magn. 41, 3241 (2005).
[2] E. Kita, K. Shibata, H. Yanagihara, Y. Sasaki, and M. Kishimoto, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 310, 2411
(2007).
[3] T. Liapina, A. Leineweber, and E. J. Mittemeijer, Metall. Mater. Trans. 37A, 319 (2006).
[4] M. A. J. Somers, B. J. Kooi, L. Maldzinski, E. J. Mittemeijer, A. A. van der Horst, A. M. van der
Kraan, and N. M. van der Pers, Acta Mater. 45, 2013 (1997)[5] M. Kopcewicz, J. Jagielski, A. Turos, and D. L. Williamson, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 4217 (1992).
[6] T. Heumann, Diffusionin Metallen (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992).
[7] W. P. Tong, C. S. He, J. C. He, L. Zuo, N. R. Tao, and Z. B. Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 021918(2006).

26

4.
ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY4.1

Fluctuations in cosmic ray flux around 11 kyr BP based on cosmogenic
36
Cl from the Dome Fuji ice core

K. Sasa, K. Kurosumi, Y. Matsushi, Y. Tosaki, T. Takahashi, K. Sueki, N. Kinoshita, K. Horiuchi, H.
Matsuzaki and H. Motoyama
Cosmogenic radionuclides such as 10Be, 14C and 36Cl are produced in the Earth’s atmosphere by theinteraction of galactic cosmic rays with the atoms. The connection between cosmogenic radionuclide
production and the geomagnetic field is well understood [1]. We reconstruct past changes in cosmic ray
flux under the assumption that cosmogenic nuclide records are mainly influenced by changes in theirproduction rates. Cosmic ray fluctuations around 11 kyr BP have already been observed in 14C records
from the analysis of 14C tree ring and 10Be data from the ice cores at Greenland [2]. We report the resultsof 36Cl flux around 11 kyr BP from the ice core at the Dome Fuji station (77°19'01'' S, 39°42'12'' E) in
Antarctica [3].
Ice core samples were obtained from 370 m to 320 m below the surface of the ice sheet, corresponding toages of 12.3–10.5 kyr BP. The record of 36Cl flux increases between 11.4 and 11.2 kry BP. The result
agrees well with 14C records derived from 14C tree ring and 10Be data measured from the Greenland ice
cores. Cosmic ray fluctuations derived from the 36Cl flux in the Dome Fuji ice core agree with

36Cl flux (104 atoms cm-2 yr-1)

independent geomagnetic field intensity reconstructions.

Age (kyr BP)

Fig. 1

36

Cl flux around 11 kyr BP measured in the Dome Fuji ice core (Antarctica).

Acknowledgements
This work is supported in part by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Program of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
References[1] J. Beer, R. Muscheler, G. Wagner, C. Laj, C. Kissel, P. W. Kubik, H-A. Synal, Quaternary Science
Reviews 21 (2002) 1129-1139.
[2] J. Masarik, J. Beer, J. Geophys. Res. 104/D10 (1999) 12099.
[3] H. Motoyama, Scientific Drilling 5, (2007) 41–43.

27

4.2

Distribution of 36Cl in the Yoro River basin and its relation to regional
groundwater flow system

Y. Tosaki, N. Tase, K. Sasa, T. Takahashi and Y. Nagashima
Introduction
Understanding of groundwater flow system plays an important role in sustainable management ofwater resources. Application of environmental tracers is one of the effective approaches for visualizing the
movement of groundwater. For the purpose of testing the potential of 36Cl to trace regional groundwaterflow system with a time scale of ~50 years, spatial distribution of 36Cl was investigated in the lower reachof the Yoro River basin, Chiba Prefecture.
Study area and methods
The downstream area of the Yoro River isJAPANcharacterized by its surrounding Pleistocene

Yoro RiverBasin

uplands and alluvial lowlands along the river.

0

The climate in this region is humid temperate,

500

1000 kmwith an average annual precipitation of 1590.2

R. Yoromm at Ushiku in the southern hilly area, andnorthwestern side of the study area near theUplandcoast along Tokyo Bay.

I-2

A previous study clearly demonstrated thetritium as a tracer [1]. Recharge mainly occurs
at upland areas, and the groundwater essentiallyA0

1

I-3 I-5
I-15
I-4

UplandR. Niihori

LowlandI-11

1293.8 mm at Chiba, which is located on theregional groundwater flow in the basin by using

I-1

I-9
I-12 I-14
I-6
I-13 I-7

I-16

I-8

I-10

R. Ohashi

B

N

2 km

Figure 1. Location of the wells sampled in this study.

flows into the lowland along the Yoro River eventually discharging into the river.
Groundwater samples were collected from 16 irrigation wells located within the basin (Fig. 1) in Julyand August, 2004, and analyzed for dissolved inorganic ions by ICP-AES and ion chromatography. After
standard chemical processing [2], 36Cl/Cl ratios were measured with the AMS system at UTTAC.
Results and discussion
Table 1 lists dissolved anion concentrations and 36Cl data for the samples analyzed in this study.
Samples I-2 and I-10 showed relatively high Cl− concentration and high NO3− concentration as well,possibly affected by anthropogenic chlorine source. In order to minimize the possible mixing effect of
artificial chloride, 36Cl concentrations were used for data interpretation assuming a negligible content of36

Cl in chloride derived from such artificial source.
Figure 2 shows the distribution of 36Cl concentration projected onto the line A-B in Fig. 1. Althoughsample I-1 is located rather far from the projection line, it was also included as a value representing

28

groundwater in the discharge area. Relatively low 36Cl concentrations were only found in the lowland near
the river, while the others showed higher values. The observed distribution is basically consistent with thegroundwater flow system traced by environmental tritium in 1980s [1]: relatively young groundwater inthe upland areas and old groundwater (>30 years) in the lowland. Low 36Cl concentrations in the lowland
suggest even longer residence times, probably more than 50 years. Our observation demonstrates that the
distribution of 36Cl is effective for tracing groundwater recharged during the last ~50 years.
Table 1
Anion concentrations and 36Cl data for the groundwater samples in the Yoro River basin.
36
36
Sample
Depth
Cl−
NO3−
SO42−
HCO3−
Cl/Cl
Cl
−15
6
(m)
(mg/L)(mg/L)(mg/L)(mg/L)(10 )(10 atoms/L)
I-1
48–60
6.3
0.2
4.0
143.4
25 ± 32.7 ± 0.3
I-2
10
19.9
93.3
0.1
6.1
61 ± 5
20.6 ± 1.8
I-3
14–27
11.8
0.8
29.3
163.5
140 ± 927.9 ± 1.8
I-4
24–27
7.8
0.3
7.1
142.7
150 ± 919.9 ± 1.2
I-5
n.k.
5.6
0.2
8.1
118.3
29 ± 20
2.8 ± 1.9
I-6
56–100
7.5
0.2
13.3
100.0
216 ± 1327.5 ± 1.7
I-7
50–72
7.4
0.2
14.6
145.8
225 ± 15
28.2 ± 1.9
I-8
32–54
6.7
3.4
10.4
68.9
345 ± 1739.4 ± 2.0
I-9
56–100
7.7
0.2
16.2
150.7
161 ± 1421.2 ± 1.9
I-10
25
15.7
32.0
10.3
143.4
243 ± 1865.1 ± 4.8
I-11
54–78
7.6
0.2
25.5
160.4
258 ± 1133.2 ± 1.5
I-12
n.k.
7.0
0.3
10.6
111.0
65 ± 137.8 ± 1.6
I-13
95–150
7.0
0.2
15.8
103.7
362 ± 2043.2 ± 2.4
I-14
56–100
7.1
2.2
15.1
133.6
128 ± 815.4 ± 1.0
I-15
80–105
6.0
0.2
8.2
151.3
17 ± 3
1.8 ± 0.3
I-16
18–32
11.6
0.2
2.7
280.6
117 ± 1023.1 ± 2.0
n.k.: not known.

A

150
120

B
R. Ohashi

90

R. YoroElevation (m)

60
30
0

Well

−30

36Cl (106 atoms/L)

100
50

−60

Screen

−90

10
1

−120
−150

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

Distance (m)Figure 2. Cross-sectional distribution of 36Cl concentration along the line A-B shown in Figure 1.
Reference[1] A. Kondoh, Geograph. Rev. Japan., 58 (1985) 168 (in Japanese with English abstract).
[2] Y. Tosaki et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 259 (2007) 479.

29

4.3

Measurement of 36Cl in soil : Study of extraction methods according toreservoirs

T. Amano, K. Sueki, J. Kitagawa, K. Sasa, Y. Nagashima, Y. Takaya, T. Takahashi, N. Kinoshita, Y. Tosaki,
Y. Matsushi1, K. Bessho2, H. Matsumura2
Introduction
Chlorine-36 which is a long life radioisotope is mainly produced by a nuclear spallation reaction
with cosmic-ray on 40Ar in the upper atmosphere[1]. The nuclide is distributed whole earth. The
atmosphere also contains 36Cl which is produced in atmospheric nuclear tests on the sea. 36Cl in soil has
important roles to search chlorine circulation. We have measured 36Cl which was extracted with HNO3
from soil. We examined sequential extraction methods for 36Cl determination.
Experiments
We examined extraction process of soil sample as shown in Figure 1. Soil sample which wasdried and mashed up was extracted with 0.01 mol / l HNO3. Precipitate of hydroxide was prepared byadding 3 mol / l NH3 to extracted solution. The precipitate was removed by a centrifugation, and then
AgCl was prepared (hereinafter “A”). After extraction, dried soil of 20 g was mixed with 70 ml of 0.02
mol / l HNO3 and 70 ml of 30 % H2O2. The extraction was carried out for 1 day, and then solution was
separated from the soil by a centrifugation. AgCl from the solution was prepared (hereinafter “B”) after
the same procedure described for “A”. After two times of extraction, the soil was heated at 700 ºC for 4
hours to remove organic matters and then heated at 1000 ºC for 2 hours. Generated gas was trapped inalkali solution which 8.5 g of NaOH and 0.85 g of Na2SO3 were dissolved in 170 ml of water. 5 ml of
30 % H2O2 was added to the alkali solution, and then AgCl was prepared (hereinafter “C”). In addition, thesoil was heated at 1000 ºC after extraction with 0.01 mol / l HNO3 and AgCl was prepared (hereinafter“D”). Each AgCl sample was loaded to target cone for determination of 36Cl/Cl isotopic ratio using an
accelerator mass spectrometry at UTTAC[2].
Results and discussion
Table 1 shows 36Cl/Cl isotopic ratios and supply sources of Cl. Cl isotopes extracted in sample“A” is supplied from soil water, because Cl extracted in sample “A” is a soluble species in the diluted acid.
Cl in sample “B” and “C” are isolated from organochlorine compounds and inorganic minerals,
respectively. Cl in sample “D” is mixture of “B” and “C”. Not significant difference was found in 36Cl/Cl
isotopic ratios between “A” and “B”. 36Cl/Cl isotopic ratio in sample “C” is higher than “A” and “B”.
36

Cl/Cl isotopic ratio in organic matter and soil water show similar ratio. However, 36Cl/Cl isotopic ratio in

inorganic minerals shows higher 36Cl/Cl isotopic ratio.
______________________________________________________________________
1

Micro Analysis Laboratory, Tandem accelerator, The University of Tokyo.

2

Radiation Science Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization.

30

Dried soil
← 0.01 mol/l HNO3 (100 ml)
Ultra-sonic~1 dayCentrifugation (2500 rpm, 15 min)
Precipitate0.01 mol/l HNO3 (50 ml) →Centrifugation (2500 rpm, 15 min)Centrifugation (2500 rpm, 10 min)Supernatant
Precipitate
30% H2O2→
3 mol/l NH3→
Centrifugation (2500 rpm, 10 min)Supernatant

×4

Precipitate

Supernatant
Activated Carbon (2g)→~1 day30% H2O2→ ← 0.02 mol/l HNO
3
Centrifugation (2500 rpm, 10 min)Supernatant

Precipitate

Concentration (≈ 50 ml)
Sample preparation for
36Cl-AMS

Sample preparation for
36Cl-AMSAPrecipitate

3 mol/l NH3→
combustion at 700°C
Centrifugation (2500 rpm, 10 min)
~4 hourSupernatant
Precipitate
Sample preparation
Concentration (≈ 50 ml)
for combustion

Sample preparation
for combustion

D
C

B

Figure 1. Flow chart of soil application

Table 1. The 36Cl/Cl isotopic ratios andthe supply source of chlorine in soil
36

SampleCl/Cl

Supply source of Cl(×10−14)A

10.5±0.8

Soil waterB

11.5±0.7

Organic matters

C

14.3±0.6

Inorganic minerals

D

12.5±0.3

Mixture of B and C

References[1] H.-A. Synal, J. Beer, G. Bonani, M. Suter, and W. Wolfli, Nucl. Inst. Meth. in Phys. Res. B, 52 (1990)
483-488.
[2] K. Sasa, Y. Nagashima, T. Takahashi, R. Seki, Y. Tosaki, K. Sueki, K. Bessho, H. Matsumura, T. Miura,
and M. He, Nucl. Inst. Meth. in Phys. Res. B, 259 (2007) 41-46.

31

4.4

Chlorine-36 produced in muon irradiation

N. Kinoshita, K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, K. Sueki, Y. Tosaki, Y. Takaya, M. Matsumura, S. Abe, Y. Nagashima,
T. Amano, K. Kurosumi, J. Kitagawa, Y. Matsushi1, H. Matsumura2, H. Iwase2, Y. Kasugai2, N. Matsuda2,
H. Yashima3, A. Leveling4, D. Boehnlein4, N. Mokhov4
The fast muon, decay product of pion, is one of secondary cosmic rays coming to surface Earthfrom upper atmosphere. Recently, the muon has been applied for imaging of volcanic structure [1]. In
addition, the muon activates surface Earth’s rock. The radioisotopes, which originate from muon, havebeen used for an estimation of erosion rate of surface rock [2]. There are several potentials for application
using the muon. Thus, physical properties of the muon such as stopping power and nuclear reaction, areimportant for supporting the purposes.
The muon is one of leptons which has no interaction with nuclei. Virtual process andbremsstrahlung from muon are considered for a significant source of nuclear reaction. A few reports on the
nuclear reaction with fast muon have been reported [2, 3]. We had measured radioisotopes produced inmuon irradiation environment to research penetration and nuclear reaction on the muon, focusing on longlife nuclide. Physical property on penetration has been compared with reported values determined at muon
beam line.

Fig. 1.

Schematic diagram of NuMI beam line of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

Muon irradiation was performed at the NuMI beam line of Fermi National Accelerator
Laboratory. 120 GeV of primary protons were bombarded with a graphite target to produce pions. The
pions were focused with 2 magnetic horns and decayed to muons and neutrinos in a decay pipe with length___________________________
1
High Energy Research Organization
2
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
3
Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute4
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory32

of 675 m. Then, the muons were passed through an iron beam dump and rock. Fig. 1 shows the beam lineof NuMI. There are 4 rooms at depths of 0 m, 13.7 m, 33.5 m, and 67.1 m from rock surface. The rooms
are named Alcove-1, Alcove-2, Alcove-3, and Alcove-4, respectively. The samples of sodium chloride andcalcium carbonate were installed in each room for the irradiation. The irradiation was carried out for 3
month.
Chlorine-36 in the irradiated samples were analyzed by an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry(AMS) at University of Tsukuba. The samples of sodium chloride and calcium carbonate were dissolved inwater and nitric acid, respectively. Carrier of natural chloride ion was added to the calcium carbonate
sample. The chloride ion was precipitated as silver chloride. Subsequently, reduction of sulfur ion was
carried out using barium nitrate solution. The purified samples were subjected to the AMS measurement.
The

chlorine-36
35

could

be

37

produced from Cl and Cl for sample ofsodium chloride, calcium isotopes for
calcium carbonate. Production rates of36

Cl in each sample were calculated using

number 36Cl atom produced in the sample
and number of target. Totally 7.56×1019 of
protons have been bombarded to thegraphite target. Fig. 2 shows production
rate of36

Cl. The production rates at

Alcove-1 (0 m) are observed to be higher
than the trend expected from Alcove-2, 3
and 4. Each data except for Alcove-1
Fig. 2.

could be fitted using an exponential

Depth profile of production rates.

function with slopes (m−1) of (−6.55 ±0.66) × 10−2 for sodium chloride and (−6.22 ± 0.15) × 10−2 for calcium carbonate.
Attenuation length (g/cm2)

could be calculated from a rock density and the slope. The

attenuation lengths were calculated to be 4100 (g/cm2) for sodium chloride and 4300 (g/cm2) for calcium
carbonate using 2.65 (g/cm3) for the rock density. The lengths of present work correspond well with
reported values of 5300 by Braucher et al. [2] and 4360 by Heisinger et al [3]. Information on muon fluxand energy spectrum using Monte Carlo code of Geant4 and MARS etc. are required for more detailed
discussion as a future plan.
References[1] H.K.M. Tanaka, T. Nakano, S. Takahashi, J. Yoshida and K. Niwa, Nucl. Instru. Meth.
A575(2007)489.
[2] R. Braucher, E.T. Brown, D.L. Bourlès and F. Colin, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 211(2003)251.
[3] B. Heisinger, D. Lal, A.J.T. Jull, P. Kubik, S. Ivy-Ochs, S. Neumaier, K. Knie, V. Lazarev and E.
Nolte, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 200(2002)345.

33

Production rates of 36Cl for target elements in chondritic meteorites (II)4.5

Y. Hamanaka 1, Y. Oura1, M. Ebihara1, K. Sasa, Y. Nagashima, T. Takahashi, Y. Tosaki, Y. Matsushi 2,
M. Matsumura, T. Amano, K. Sueki, N. Kinoshita, K. Bessho 3, H. Matsumura3.
36

Cl is one of the cosmogenic radionuclides found in meteorites and produced by several nuclear

reactions such as proton and neutron induced spallation reactions and neutron capture reaction. Cross
sections of those reactions depend on particle energies characteristically. Thus it is suggested that
additional information must be obtained from 36Cl production rates normalized by a weight of target
element (in dpm/kg) for individual target element. So, we have been trying to determine production rates
of 36Cl, especially one from 35Cl(n, γ) reaction [1, 2]. Last year 36Cl contents and chemical compositions
were determined in several different mineral phases separated from two chondritic meteorites fragments,
Gold Basin and Gao[2]. This year Cl concentrations in separated phases were determined byradiochemical photon activation analysis (RPAA) and production rates of 36Cl were calculated. And 36Cl
contents were determined in additional Gold Basin fragments.
Chemical composition of several silicate phases separated from two fragments of Gold Basin and one
fragment of Gao were already determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) last year.
Their Cl concentrations were determined by radiochemical photon activation analysis (RPAA). And 36Cl
contents in new fragments of Gold Basin were determined by same manner in [2]. Chemical compositionsof new fragment were not still determined.
Production rates were calculated from combination of Cl concentration by RPAA, the other target
elemental concentration by INAA and 36Cl contents in several phases. Since the number of phases withdifferent chemical compositions was insufficient to calculate production rates for whole target elements(Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti Sc, Ca, and K), production rates for several target element groups, (Ca+K),(Fe+Ni) and Cl, were calculated. In this case contribution of 36Cl production from the other target
elements was ruled out because of their trace elemental concentration.
Production rates of 36Cl calculated by least square method (LSQM) and alternative least square method(ALSQM) are listed in Table 1. Chlorine concentration in both metal phase and acid - dissolved phasewere not determined by RPAA. For LSQM,
Cl concentration in metal phase wasassumed to be 0 and one in acid - dissolved
phase was estimated from ones in silicate
phase and acid–insoluble phase. ALSQM cancalculate production rates under that Cl

Table 1 Production rates (dpm/kg) of 36Cl in Gold Basin.
Fragment 1
Fragment 2

concentration values in these two phases were
defective values. Production rate of 36Cl for the1

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
MALT, University of Tokyo
3
Radiation Science Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
2

34

TargetCl
K + CaFe + NiCl
K + CaFe + Ni

LSQM
41000
16
2.5
44000
8.0
1.6

ALSQM
33000
89
2.5
30000
56
1.6

reaction induced by neutrons (35Cl(n, γ) and 37Cl(n, 2n)) were obtained only experimentally for the firsttime. Since 35Cl(n, γ) reaction cross section of thermal neutron is very higher than spallation reaction by
proton, production rate for Cl is extremely larger than ones for (K + Ca) and (Fe + Ni). Difference
between calculated production rates for (K + Ca) elements by LSQM and ALSQM was significant. Thisdifference is supposed to be caused that Ca and K concentrations in phases obtained in this work were
smaller compared to Fe and Ni concentrations. We have to prepare a phase that K and Ca are major
composition to obtain more accurate production rate for (K + Ca).
Welten et al.[3] determined 36Cl and 10Be contents in 15 fragments of Gold Basin and estimatedcontribution of spallation reaction and neutron capture reaction for 36Cl production in conjunction with amodel calculation. In Fig.1, their estimation and our result for silicate phases are compared. Our values are
consistent with estimation by Welten et al., thus production rates obtained in this work are concluded to bereasonable values.

Fig.1 Contents of 36Cl in silicate phase by
spallation reaction (closed symbols) andneutron capture reaction (open symbols).
Squares show results in this work andcircles by Welten et al. [3]. Length ofsquare involves an uncertainty.
36

Cl contents in metal phases of new fragments of Gold Basin were different from ones in fragments 1

and 2. This suggests that 4 fragments were originated with different depths in the meteoroid. Using new
fragments, additional production rates will be calculated and depth profile of production rate will beevident.

References[1] Y. Oura, S. Yamazaki, M. Ebihara, Y. Tosaki, K. Sasa, Y. Nagashima, T. Takahashi, Y. Tosaki, Y.
Matsushi, M. Tamari, K. Sueki, H. Matsumura, K. Bessho, and T. Miura, UTTAC Annual Report 2006
(2007) 39.
[2] Y. Hamanaka, Y. Oura, M. Ebihara, K. Sasa, Y. Nagashima, T. Takahashi, Y. Tosaki, Y. Matsushi, M.
Tamari, T. Amano, K. Sueki, K. Bessho, N. Kinoshita, UTTAC Annual Report 2008 (2009) 27.
[3] K. C. Welten, M. W. Caffee, I. Leya, J. Masarik, K. Nishiizumi, and R. Wieler, Meteorit. Planet. Sci.
38 (2003) 157.

35

5.
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

5.1

Trace-element analysis of fluid inclusions in the Tsushima granite,Japan

M. Kurosawa, S. Ishii and K. Sasa
Introduction
Fluid released from granitic magma during solidification plays a key role in formation of various
metal-ore deposits, hydrothermal alteration, and chemistries of deep groundwater around granite bodies. A
part of the fluid is normally trapped as fluid inclusions in the solidified granite and surrounding rocks.
Thus, the fluid inclusions provide useful information about chemistries and behaviors of the fluid. The
Miocene granite pluton in Tsushima Islands accompanies the largest Pb-Zn metal-ore deposits insouthwestern Japan and is well known for its abundant hypersaline fluid-inclusions in quartz crystals [1].
Chemical analyses of the fluid inclusions, therefore, are expected as an information source about genesisof the granite-derived fluids and its large-scale metal transport in the island arc. For these reasons, weanalyzed trace metal-elements in the fluid inclusions at the Tsushima granite by using micro-PIXE.
SampleThe Tsushima granite, Nagasaki prefecture, Japan, is mainlycomposed of biotite granites and contains abundant miarolitic
cavities and rarely quartz veins. The estimated emplacement

Quartz
Fluid inclusionlevel is 2-6 km deep [2]. Quartz in the granite and the miarolitic
cavities includes so many polyphase fluid inclusions with large

vapordaughter crystals of halite, calcite, and hematite (Fig. 1). In thisstudy, we focused fluid inclusions in the miarolitic cavities tohaliteinvestigate an original composition of fluids released duringsolidification of the granite. Salinities of polyphase inclusions in
the cavities were of 28-48 wt % NaCl eq. and the homogenizing
temperatures (Th) ranged from 480 to 200 °C. Vapor- andliquid-rich two-phase inclusions were also included. Two-phaseinclusions of the cavities showed almost Th of 400-200 °C.
Measured inclusions were an ellipsoidal or negative-crystal

Fig.1. Photomicrograph of polyphasefluid inclusion in quartz crystal from amiarolitic cavity at the Tsushima
granite, Japan. A large bubble andmany daughter crystals of halite,
calcite and so on are present in the
inclusions. Scale bar is a 100 µm.

shape, and the inclusion depths were less than 10 µm.
Experimental
The PIXE analyses were performed at the 1MV Tandetron. A 1.0 to 5.0 nA beam of 1.92-MeV proton was
focused to a 100 x 100 µm spot on the sample. The beam incidence was normal to the sample surface, and
the X-ray measurement take-off angle was 45˚ (Fig. 2). The characteristic X-rays excited by the incident
beam were collected by the Si(Li) X-ray-energy detector with a nominal resolution of 153 eV at 5.9 keV. A
55-µm-thick Mylar film was used to attenuate the intense X-rays from the predominant light elements.

37

Proton beam

X-ray
45

inclusion depth

matrixwoZ

target currents, and all samples were analyzed to theintegrated charges of 0.5 to 5.0 µC. Analytical points
were chosen based on optical viewing using a CCD
camera mounted on the microscope [4]. Quantification(x,y,z)l

Xt

Y

The total charge was determined by integrating the

Fluid
inclusion

was performed based on the model of Kurosawa et al.
[3, 4]. By using the model, almost trace elements in
fluid inclusions at levels of a few ppm to wt.% can be
determined with the total analytical error of ±11- 40 %[4].

Fig.2. Schematic geometry for PIXE analysis
of fluid inclusion.
Results and Discussion
PIXE spectrum of a polyphase inclusion in the105

cavities is shown in Fig. 3. Most of the inclusions
concentrations of the polyphase inclusions were as
follows: ~25 wt.% for Cl, 7 wt.% for Fe, 1-5 wt.%
for K, Ca and Mn, 7000 ppm for Ba, 1000-3000 ppm
for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Br, 100-300 ppm for Rb and Sr.
The compositions are thought to correspond to the

Intensity (cts)demonstrated the similar X-ray spectra. Element

104

102

from the Tsushima granite during solidification. The

100

determined values are several times higher than the

Si
Cl
K
Ca
Mn
Fe
Cu

values of polyphase inclusions in miarolitic quartz
from the Miocene Kofu granite, Japan, that has
emplacement level, 5-8 km deep [5]. The Tsushima
granite solidified at extensively shallower level (2-6

Fe

Ba
(ppm)
285681
21261
11484
7867
47253
497

Fluid
inclusion

Zn
Cu

103

101

original contents of hydrothermal fluid released

Cl
Ca
K
Mn

Zn
Br
Rb
Sr
Ba
Pb

Pb
Br

(ppm)
2517
1154
329
49
672
1212

Rb
Sr

5
10
15
X-ray energy (keV)

Fig.3. PIXE spectrum of fluid inclusion inquartz crystal from miarolitic cavity at the
Tsushima granite, Japan.

km deep), so that a hypersaline fluid were easily formed by decompression boiling during generation of
the hydrothermal fluids. The high contents of transition-metal elements in the polyphase inclusions werealso attributable to the element partitioning at the boiling. Thus, a shallow emplacement level of granite
body is important to formation of granite-derived fluids with high salinity and high metal content.
References[1] H. Imai et al., Mining Geol. Spec. Issue, 3 (1971) 321.
[2] K. Shin et al., Res. Geol, 59 (2009), 25.
[3] M. Kurosawa et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67 (2003), 4337.
[4] M. Kurosawa et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B266 (2008), 3633.
[5] M. Kurosawa et al., Island Arc, 19 (2010), 40.

38

5.2

Nanopore fabrication by irradiating accelerated ions for highsensitivity waveguide-mode sensors

M. Fujimaki 1 and K. Awazu1
Highly-sensitive molecular detection sensors are required in various fields of application. We havedeveloped an evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode (EFC-WM) sensor [1]. Figure 1 is a schematic
showing the setup of the sensor. The sensing plate illuminated under the Kretschmann configuration
operates as a sensor that is capable of detecting modifications in the dielectric environment near the
waveguide surface with superior sensitivity by measuring change in reflectivity [1]. Sensitivity of an
EFC-WM sensor strongly depends on the optical constants of its reflecting layer. By theoretical
calculation and experiments, we found that Si is an ideal material for the reflecting layer [2]. Based on
this finding, we developed a monolithic sensing plate consisting of a SiO2 glass substrate and a thin single
crystalline Si layer, the surface of which is thermally oxidized to form a SiO2 glass waveguide [3].

Light source
Polarizer

Detector(Photodiode)

2θ
30°

θ

SiO2 glass prism
Substrate
Reflecting layer
Waveguide
Solutions
Teflon cuvette

Fig.1. Schematic of the setup of the EFC-WM sensor using the Kretschmann configuration.
We has reported that a significant enhancement of sensitivity of EFC-WM sensors was achievedby perforating the waveguide, in which selective etching of latent tracks formed in the waveguide by swift
heavy ion irradiation was used. The monolithic sensing plate is suitable for the nano perforation process[3]. In the present research, we examined the correlation between the sensitivity of the sensor and thesizes and densities of nano holes formed in the waveguide of the monolithic sensing plate. The waveguide
was perforated by sequential swift-heavy-ion irradiation and etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) vapor.
Ion irradiation was performed by using the 12 UD Pelletron tandem accelerator at the University ofTsukuba, and the waveguide was irradiated with Au ions at room temperature in a vacuum of about
5×10−4 Pa. The average acceleration energy was 137 MeV. For the vapor etching, the irradiated plate anda 20% aqueous solution of HF were placed in a container so that the plate was not immersed in thesolution but was suspended close to its surface. The resulting nano holes were observed by scanningelectron microscopy (SEM; Hitachi High-Technologies, S4800).

39

Figures 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c) show SEM images of waveguides, in which nano holes were fabricated.
The densities of the nano holes formed in the waveguides in Figs. 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c) are 5×109, 8×109,
and 8×109 cm-2, respectively. The average diameters of the holes in Figs. 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c) are 30, 30,
and 60 nm, respectively. Figures 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c) show reflectance properties of the sensors using themonolithic sensing plates with the perforated waveguides shown in Figs. 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c), respectively.
The red circles and the black circles show the reflectance with and without protein adsorption on the
waveguide surfaces, respectively. The values of shifts in the peak positions correspond to the sensitivitiesof the sensors. According to the result, larger number and larger diameter of the holes result in a better
sensitivity. The developed sensor is highly sensitive. We are expecting that the sensor can be applied for
medical technology, pharmacy, and environmental science.

(a)

(b)

(c)

300 nmFig. 2. SEM images of waveguides, in which nano holes were fabricated. The densitiesof the nano holes in (a), (b), and (c) are 5×109, 8×109, and 8×109 cm-2, respectively. The
average diameters of the holes in (a), (b), and (c) are 30, 30, and 60 nm, respectively.
0.8

0.6
0.4
66

(a)

0.5°

67
68
69
70
71
Incident angle (degrees)

0.6
0.5
0.4

72

0.8

0.7

Reflectivity

Reflectivity

Reflectivity

0.8

0.3
65

(b)

1.15°

66
67
68
69
70
Incident angle (degrees)

71

0.6
0.4

(c)

0.2
62

1.51°

63
64
65
66
67
Incident angle (degrees)

68

Fig.3. Reflectance properties of the sensors using the monolithic sensing plates with theperforated waveguides shown in Figs. 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c). The red circles and the black
circles show the reflectance with and without protein adsorption on the waveguidesurfaces, respectively.
This study was supported by Industrial Technology Research Grant Program in 2009 from New
Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) in Japan.
References[1] M. Fujimaki et al., Microelectron. Eng. 84 (2007) 1685.
[2] M. Fujimaki et al., Nanotechnology 19 (2008) 095503.
[3] M. Fujimaki et al., Opt. Express 16 (2008) 6408.
1

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)40

6. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
The publications listed here are those released in the fiscal year 2009 by all the workers listed on p.58.

6.1 Journals
ACCELERATOR AND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES
1. K. Sasa, Meeting report: Report on the 11th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator
Technology (HIAT09), Journal of the Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Vol. 6(3) (2009)251-255.
2. Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Yuki Tosaki, Yuki Matsushi, Keisuke Sueki, Michiko
Tamari, Takahiro Amano, Toshiyuki Oki, Shozo Mihara, Yoshihiro Yamato, Yasuo Nagashima,
Kotaro Bessho, Norikazu Kinoshita, Hiroshi Matsumura, Status and research programs of themultinuclide accelerator mass spectrometry system at the University of Tsukuba, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268 (2010) 871-875.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
2. Daiya Kaji, Kouji Morimoto, Nozomi Sato, Takatoshi Ichikawa, Eiji Ideguchi, Kazutaka Ozeki,
Hiromitsu Haba, Hiroyuki Koura, Yuki Kudou, Akira Ozawa, Takayuki Sumita, Takayuki Yamaguchi, Akira Yoneda, Atsushi Yoshida, Kosuke Morita, Production and Decay Properties of
263 Hs, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol.78, No.3, (2009) p.035003.

3. K.Tanaka, T.Yamaguchi, T.Suzuki, T.Ohtsubo, M.Fukuda, D.Nishimura, M.Takechi, K.Ogata,
A.Ozawa, T.Izumikawa, T.Aiba, N.Aoi, H.Baba, Y.Hashizume, K.Inafuku, N.Iwasa, K.Kobayashi,
M.Komuro, Y.Kondo, T.Kubo, M.Kurokawa, T.Matsuyama, S.Michimasa, T.Motobayashi, T.Nakabayashi,
S.Nakajima, T.Nakamura, H.Sakurai, R.Shinoda, M.Shinohara, H.Suzuki, E.Takeshita, S.Takeuchi,
Y.Togano, K.Yamada, T.Yasuno, M.Yoshitake, Observation of a Large Reaction Cross Sectionin the Drip-Line Nucleus 22 C, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 062701 (2010).
4. N.Aoi, E.Takeshita, H.Suzuki, S.Takeuchi, S.Ota, H.Baba, S.Bishop, T.Fukui, Y.Hashimoto,
H.J.Ong, E.Ideguchi, K.Ieki, N.Imai, M.Ishihara, H.Iwasaki, S.Kanno, Y.Kondo, T.Kubo, K.Kurita,
K.Kusaka, T.Minemura, T.Motobayashi, T.Nakabayashi, T.Nakamura, T.Nakao, M.Niikura,
T.Okumura, T.K.Ohnishi, H.Sakurai, S.Shimoura, R.Sugo, D.Suzuki, M.K.Suzuki, M.Tamaki,
K.Tanaka, Y.Togano, K.Yamada, Development of Large Deformation in 62 Cr, Phys.Rev.Lett.
102, 012502-012505 (2009).
5. Y.Ichikawa, T.K.Onishi, D.Suzuki, H.Iwasaki, T.Kubo, V.Naik, A.Chakrabarti, N.Aoi, B.A.Brown,
N.Fukuda, S.Kubono, T.Motobayashi, T.Nakabayashi, T.Nakamura, T.Nakao, T.Okumura, H.J.Ong,
H.Suzuki, M.K.Suzuki, T.Teranishi, K.N.Yamada, H.Yamaguchi, H.Sakurai, β decay of the
proton-rich nucleus 24 Si and its mirror asymmetry, Phys. Rev. C 80, 044302-044313 (2009).

41

6. S.Takeuchi, N.Aoi, T.Motobayashi, S.Ota, E.Takeshita, H.Suzuki, H.Baba, T.Fukui, Y.Hashimoto,K.Ieki, N.Imai, H.Iwasaki, S.Kanno, Y.Kondo, T.Kubo, K.Kurita, T.Minemura, T.Nakabayashi,
T.Nakamura, T.Okumura, T.K.Onishi, H.Sakurai, S.Shimoura, R.Sugou, D.Suzuki, M.K.Suzuki,
M.Takashina, M.Tamaki, K.Tanaka, Y.Togano, K.Yamada, Low-lying states in 32 Mg studied byproton inelastic scattering, Phys.Rev. C 79, 054319-054329 (2009).
7. S.Takeuchi, N.Aoi, H.Baba, T.Kubo, T.Motobayashi, K.Tanaka, K.Yamada, T.Fukui, S.Ota,
Y.Hashimoto, Y.Kondo, T.Nakabayashi, T.Nakamura, T.Okumura, K.Ieki, S.Kanno, K.Kurita,
R.Sugou, E.Takeshita, Y.Togano, N.Imai, T.Minemura, H.Iwasaki, T.K.Onishi, H.Sakurai, D.Suzuki,
H.Suzuki, M.K.Suzuki, S.Shimoura, M.Tamaki, Study of low-lying states in 32 Mg, Int. J. Mod.
Phys. E18, 2025-2029 (2009).

MATERIALS AND CLUSTER SCIENCE

8. U. Kadhane, J.U. Andersen, E. Bonderup, B. Concina, P. Hvelplund, M.-B. Suhr Kirketerp, B.
Liu B, S.Brøndsted Nielsen, S. Panja, J. Rangama, K. Støchkel, S. Tomita, H. Zettergren, K.
Hansen, A. E. K. Sundén, S. E. Canton, O. Echt, J. S. Forster, “Near-infrared photoabsorption
by C60 dianions in a storage ring”, J. Chem. Phys. 131, (2009) 014301 (1-7)
9. Hideyuki Arai, Hiroshi Kudo, Shigeo Tomita, and Satoshi Ishii, “Suppression Mechanism ofElectron Emission under Fast Cluster Impact on Solids”, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, (2009) 104301(1-5)
10. Shaoqiang Chen, Akira Uedono, Shoji Ishibashi, Shigeo Tomita, Hiroshi Kudo, and Katsuhiro
Akimoto, “Effect of V/III flux ratio on luminescence properties and defect formation of Erdoped GaN”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, (2010) 051907 (1-3)
11. H. Kudo, H. Arai, S. Tomita, S. Ishii, T. Kaneko, “Electron emission from surfaces bombarded
by MeV atom clusters”, Vacuum 84, (2010) 1014-1017
12. Yoshiaki Hata, Yasushi Kanke, Kenji Ohoyama, and Eiji Kita, Site Preference of Fe Ion in
SrV6−x Fex O11 , J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 No.5 (2009) 054703 (4 pages)
13. S. Luo, S. Kohiki, K. Okada, A. Kohno, T. Tajiri, M. Arai, S. Ishii, D. Sekiba, M. Mitome,
F. Shoji, ”Effects of hydrogen in working gas on valence states of oxygen in sputter-deposited
indium thin oxide thin films”, Applied Materials and Interfaces, 2 (2010) 663-668.
14. J. Oh, T. Kondo, D. Hatake, Y. Iwasaki, Y. Honma, Y. Suda, D. Sekiba, H. Kudo, J. Nakamura, ”Significant reduction in adsorption energy of CO on platinum clusters on graphite”,
The Journal of Physical Cemistry Letters, 1 (2010) 463-466.
15. D. Sekiba, M. Horikoshi, S. Abe, S. Ishii, ”Mg segregation in Mg-rich Mg-Ni switchale mirror
studied by Rutherford backscattering, elastic recoil detection analysis, and nuclear reaction
analysis”, Journal of Applied Physics, 106 (2009) 114912-1-5.

42

16. Takahiro Kondo, Yosuke Iwasaki, Yujiro Honma, Yoshiteru Takagi, Susumu Okada and Junji
Nakamura, Formation of nonbonding π electronic states of graphite due to Pt-C hybridization,
Phys. Rev. B, 80, 233408- 1∼4, (2009).
17. Takahiro Kondo, Masataka Sakurai, Tatsuo Matsushima, and Junji NakamuraF Angle resolved
intensity and velocity distributions of N2 desorbed by N2 O decomposition on Rh(110), Journalof Chemical Physics, Vol. 132, 134714- 1∼9 (2009).

ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

18. Norikazu Kinoshita, Hiroshi Matsumura, Kotaro Bessho, Akihiro Toyoda, Kazuyoshi Masumoto, Yuki Matsushi, Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Shozo Mihara, Toshiyuki Oki,
Masumi Matsumura, Yuki Tosaki, Keisuke Sueki, Michiko Tamari, Yasuo Nagashima, Depth
Profile of Radioactivity Induced in the Thick Concrete Shield in EP1 Beam Line at the KEK
12-GeV Proton Synchrotron Facility, Nuclear Technology, Volume 168, Number 3, 2009, Pages
694-699.
19. Kimikazu Sasa, Yuki Matsushi, Yuki Tosaki, Michiko Tamari, Tsutomu Takahashi, Yasuo Nagashima, Kazuho Horiuchi, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Yasuyuki Shibata, Motohiro Hirabayashi,
Hideaki Motoyama, Measurement of cosmogenic 36 Cl in the Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica:
Preliminary results for the Last Glacial Maximum and early Holocene, Nuclear Instruments
and Methods in Physics Research B 268 (2010) 1193-1196.
20. Yuki Tosaki, Gudrun Massmann, Norio Tase, Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Yuki Matsushi, Michiko Tamari, Yasuo Nagashima, Kotaro Bessho, Hiroshi Matsumura, Distribution of
36 Cl/Cl in a river-recharged aquifer: Implications for the fallout rate of bomb-produced 36 Cl.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268 (2010) 1261-1264.
21. Yuki Matsushi, Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Keisuke Sueki, Yasuo Nagashima, Yukinori Matsukura, Denudation rates of carbonate pinnacles in Japanese karst areas: Estimatesfrom cosmogenic 36 Cl in calcite, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268(2010) 1205-1208.

43

INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

23. K. Nomura, Y. Ohki, M. Fujimaki, X. Wang, K. Awazu, T. Komatsubara, Plasmonic activity ongold nanoparticles embedded in nanopores formed in a surface layer of silica glass by swiftheavy-ion irradiation, NANOTECHNOLOGY, 20-47, pp.475306-1-475306-7, 2009/10
24. Makoto Fujimaki, Koichi Awazu, Development of high-sensitivity molecular adsorption detection sensors, Synthesiology, 2-2, pp.147-158, 2009/06
25. Subash C.B. Gopinath, Koichi Awazu, Makoto Fujimaki, Junji Tominaga, Kailash C. Gupta,
Penmetcha K. R. Kumar, Monitoring biological interactions using perforated evanescent-fieldcoupled waveguide-mode nanobiosensors, Nucleic Acids symposium series, 53-, pp.93-94A2009/09
26. Masanori Kurosawa, Satoshi Ishii, Kimikazu Sasa, Trace-element compositions of single fluidinclusions in the Kofu granite, Japan: Implications for compositions of granite-derived fluids,
The Island Arc, Volume 19, Number 1, March 2010, 40-59.
27. A. Tominaga, T. Kato, T. Kubo, and M. Kurosawa, Preliminary analysis on the mobility oftrace incompatible elements during the basalt and peridotite reaction under uppermost mantle
conditions, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 174, 50-59, (2009).
28. Y. Ogawa, R. Mori, N. Hirano, A. Takahashi, M.M. Mohiuddin, H. Sato, T. Tsunogae, M.
Kurosawa, H. Taniguchi, and T. Chiba, Knocker catalogue of the Mineoka ophiolite belt, Boso
Peninsula, Japan, Earth Evolution Sciences, 3, 3-25, (2009).

446.2 International conferences

1. Kimikazu Sasa (Invited talk), Multi-nuclide AMS system at the University of Tsukuba, 7thJapan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, November 9 - 13, 2009, University of Tsukuba,
Ibaraki, Japan
2. Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Yasuo Nagashima, Yuki Tosaki, Keisuke Sueki, Toshiyuki
Oki, Takahiro Amano, Hiroshi Matsumura, Kotaro Bessho, Norikazu Kinoshita, Yuki Matsushi, Progress of an accelerator mass spectrometry system at the Tsukuba 12UD Pelletron
tandem accelerator, The 11th edition of the International Conference ”Heavy Ion Accelerator
Technology - HIAT”, Venice, Italy, from 8 to 12 June 2009.
3. K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, Y. Nagashima, Y. Tosaki, K. Sueki, Y. Takaya, N. Kinoshita, T. Amano, J.
Kitagawa, K. Kurozumi, M. Matsumura, H. Matsumura, K. Bessho, Y. Matsushi, Applicationof Cl-36 AMS to geo-environmental sciences at the University of Tsukuba, 3rd East Asian
Symposium on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (EA-AMS-3), 19th-22nd October, 2009, Xi’an
AMS Center, Xi’an China.
4. Kimikazu Sasa, Yuki Matsushi, Yuki Tosaki, Michiko Tamari, Tsutomu Takahashi, Yasuo Nagashima, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Kazuho Horiuchi, Yasuyuki Shibata, Motohiro Hirabayashi and
Hideaki Motoyama, Cosmogenic 36 Cl record in an ice core at the Dome Fuji station, Antarctica
from the Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene, The 2nd International Symposium on the Dome
Fuji ice core and related topics, November 18-20, 2009. NIPR in Tachikawa City, Tokyo.
5. Yuki Matsushi, Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Keisuke Sueki, Yasuo Nagashima, Yukinori Matsukura, Denudation rate of karst surfaces in Japan: estimates from cosmogenic 36 Cl,
7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOMORPHOLOGY, Ancient Landscapes Modern Perspectives, Melbourne, Australia, July 6-11, 2009.
6. S. Merchel, W. Bremser, V. Alfimov, M. Arnold, G. Aumaı̂tre, L. Benedetti, D. L. Bourlés,
R. Braucher, M. Caffee, M. Christl, L. K. Fifield, R. C. Finkel, S. P. H. T. Freeman, A. RuizGómez, P. W. Kubik, D. H. Rood, K. Sasa, P. Steier, S. G. Tims, A. Wallner, K. M. Wilcken,
S. Xu. Be-10 and Cl-36 interlaboratory comparisons: Implications for terrestrial production
rates?, CRONUS-EU/CRONUS-Earth Science Workshop, Goldschmidt 2009, June 21 - 26 in
Davos, Switzerland.
7. Norikazu Kinoshita, Kazuyoshi Masumoto, Hiroshi Matsumura, Kotaro Bessho, Akihiro Toyoda, Kimikazu Sasa, Yuki Tosaki, Michiko Tamari, Takahiro Amano, Takahashi Tsutomu,
Keisuke Sueki, Toshiyuki Oki, Shozo Mihara, Yasuo Nagashima and Yuki Matsushi, Measurement and Monte Carlo simulation of radioactivity produced in concrete shield in EP-1
beam-line at the 12-GeV proton synchrotron facility, KEK, the Fifth International Symposiumon Radiation Safety and Detection Technology (ISORD-5), July 15 - 17, 2009, Kitakyushu
International Conference Center, Kitakyushu, Japan.

45

8. H. Kudo, H. Arai, S. Tomita, S. Ishii, and T. Kaneko, Electron emission from surfaces bombarded by MeV atom clusters (Invited talk), 19th International Conference on Ion-Surface Interactions, Zvenigorod, Russia, (2009).
9. Shigeo Tomita, Application of a superconducting detector to experimental studies on molecular fragmentation, Third International Workshop on Electrostatic Storage Devices (invited),
Aarhus, June 21 - 25 (2009).
10. Shigeo Tomita, Fullerene fusion induced by highly charged ion impacts on clusters of fullerenes,
XXVI International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions, Kalamazoo,
USA, 22-28 July (2009).
11. M. Horikoshi, S. Abe, D. Sekiba, Degradation mechanism of Mg4 Ni-H switchable mirror revealed by RBS-ERDA, 19th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis, University ofCambridge (UK) 7-11 September, (2009).
12. H. Yonemura, D. Sekiba, Y. Kitaoka, T. Narusawa, T. Ito, Y. Iwamura, K. Fukutani, Shallowdepth profiling of hydrogen at gas-surface interfaces, 19th International Conference on Ion
Beam Analysis, University of Cambridge (UK) 7-11 September, (2009).
13. D. Sekiba, Y. Kitaoka, H. Yonemura, S. Ogura, T. Narusawa, T. Ito, Y. Iwamura, K. Fukutani,Site-specific 3D hydrogen mapping by micro-beam NRA, 19th International Conference on Ion
Beam Analysis, University of Cambridge (UK) 7-11 September, (2009).
14. Takahiro Kondo, Yosuke Iwasaki, Yujiro Honma, Yoshiteru, Takagi, Susumu Okada, Junji
Nakamura : Formation of non-bonding electronic states of graphite due to Pt-C hybridization.
European conference on surface science 26 (ECOSS26), 30. Aug.- 4. Sep. 2009.
15. June Pyo Oh, Takahiro Kondo, Daigo Hatake, Yujiro Honma, Keitaro Arakawa, Takahiro
Machida, Junji Nakamura: Changing of the scattering behavior of He atom beam in different
surface state of graphite. European conference on surface science 26 (ECOSS26), 30. Aug.- 4.
Sep. 2009.
16. Takahiro Kondo, Yosuke Iwasaki, Yujiro Honma, Yoshiteru, Takagi, Susumu Okada, Junji
Nakamura : STM, STS and IETS study of the graphite surface electronically modified by
Pt nano-clusters. 10th International Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces
and Nanostructures, (ACSIN10) 21-25, Sep. 2009.
17. Takahiro Kondo, June Pyo Oh, Daigo Hatake, Yujiro Honma, Keitaro Arakawa, Takahiro
Machida, Junji Nakamura : Molecular beam scattering from electronically modified graphite
surface by metal nano-clusters and nitrogen ions. 10th International Conference on AtomicallyControlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures, (ACSIN10) 21-25, Sep. 2009.
18. Evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode sensors for molecular adsorption detection, Makoto
Fujimaki, Koichi Awazu, Junji Tominaga, FACSS, the Federation of Analytical Chemistry andSpectroscopy Societies, conference 2009CLouisville, KY, USAA2009/10/22.

46

19. Monitoring biological interactions using perforated evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode
nanobiosensors, Subash C.B. Gopinath, Koichi Awazu, Makoto Fujimaki, Junji Tominaga,
Kailash C. Gupta, Penmetcha K. R. Kumar, The 6th International symposium on Nucleic Acid
Chemistry (6ISNAC2009), Gifu, 2009/10/01.

47

7. THESES

Ph. D. Theses
Hideyuki Arai

Suppression mechanism of electron emission under fast cluster impact onsolidsKen-ichi Nomura(Waseda Univ.)

Fabrication of micro/nano-structured metals and insulators and its
applications to devices utilizing optical near-fields

Seung-Jun Yu(Waseda Univ.)

Birefringence induced in silica glass by ion implantation and its applications
to waveguide-type optical control devices

M. Sc. Theses
Ken-ichiro Ogawa

Developments of tilted electrode grid ion chamber for measurements ofenergy loss for RI beams

Yuta Itoh

Developments of cluster ion source for magnetic-field calibration in Rare RI
Ring

Tomohiro Ikuyama

Study of reaction between Cu cluster and H2 S ions

Masahiro Matsuoka

Mechanism of droplet formation in N2 /H2 O/SO2 under irradition of
20MeV proton beamKensuke Shiba

Extended X-ray-absorption fine structure of Mg2 Ni and MgTi hydrides

Masato Horikoshi

Suppression of Mg segregation in Mg-Ni switchable mirror by Si dope

Tatsuya Watanabe

Synthesis of single phase iron nitride thin films with NH3 nitrization

Shinji Fujii(Waseda Univ.)

Effects of swift heavy-ion irradiation on the crystal phase control andphotocatalytic properties of TiO2 substrates48

8. SEMINARS
Title and Speaker

Date
2009
May

20

Systematic atudy of azimuthal anisotropy for charged hadrons inrelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC-PHENIX
Maya Shimomura (Univ. of Tsukuba)

Oct

2

He ion microscope and its applications
B. Thompson (Carl Zeiss SMT Inc.)

Nov

18

AMS measurements and applications in China Institute of Atomic Energy
Jiang Shan (China Institute of Atomic Energy)

Dec

22

Suppression mechanism of electron emission under fast cluster impact on solids
Hideyuki Arai (Mitsutoyo Corp.)

Jan

6

Experimental approach to explosive nucleosynthesis in theuniverse with RI beams from CRIB
S. Kubono (CNS)

Jan

13

Reaction of copper cluster cations Cu+n (n=1-11) with H2 S
Tomohiro Ikuyama (Univ. of Tsukuba)

2010

Development of tilted electrode gas ionization chamber for energy-loss
measurements of RI beams
Ken-ichiro Ogawa (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Capability of Quark/Gluon-Jet Separation for QGP Study at LHC-ALICE
Hiroki Yokoyama (Univ. of Tsukuba)Jan

20

Multiplicity dependence of the accumulative correlation and√mean pT in s=200GeV p+p collisions at RHIC-PHENIX
Midori Kajigaya (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Study of parton-QGP medium interactions by measurements of reaction
plane dependence of multi-particle correlations for charged hadrons in√
sNN =200GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC-PHENIX
Eitaro Hamada (Univ. of Tsukuba)

49

Jan

27

Developments of cluster ion source for magnetic-fieldcalibration in rare RI ring
Yuta Ito (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Jet distribution of two particle correlations for charged hadrons in√
Cu+Cu collisions at sNN =200GeV
Mizuki Kimura (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Study of reaction plane and rapidity dependence of inclusive photon √hadron correlation in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV
Takahito Todoroki (Univ. of Tsukuba)

50

9.

SYMPOSIA
The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium
9-13 November 2009
University Hall, University of Tsukuba
1. Welcome address : Masafumi Akahira (Vice President, University of Tsukuba)
2. Welcome address : Shoji Nagamiya (J-PARC)
3. In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of unstable nuclei at RIBF : Nori Aoi (RIKEN)
4. Recoiled proton tagged knockout reaction for 8 He : Yanlin Ye (Peking University)
5. Pair correlations and pair transfers in neutron-rich nuclei : Masayuki Matsuo (Niigata University)
6. Neutron halo in deformed nuclei : Shangui Zhou (ITP, CAS)
7. Baryon Interaction from lattice QCD : Shinya Aoki (University of Tsukuba)
8. Chiral Symmetry and Axial Anomaly in Quark-Hadron Systems : Teiji Kunihiro (Kyoto University)
9. Phase Transitions of Strong Interaction System in Dyson-Schwinger Equation Approach of
QCD : Yuxin Liu (Peking University)

10. Recent Results from LEPS and Future Prospects at LEPS2 : Takashi Nakano (RCNP, Osaka
University)
11. Self-consistent covariant description of nuclear spin-isospin resonances : Jie Meng (Peking
University)
12. Systematic calculation of electric dipole strength with Skyrme-HF plus RPA : Tsunenori Inakura (University of Tsukuba)
13. The Study of global dispersive coupled-channel optical potential : Weili Sun (IAPCM)
14. Studies of Several Heavy Ion Reactions Around the Coulomb Barriers : Huanqiao Zhang(CIAE)
15. Flow Effects on Parton Energy Loss : Enke Wang (Huazhong Normal University)
16. ALICE Experiment at LHC : Toru Sugitate (Hiroshima University)
17. RIKEN RIBF project : Hiroyoshi Sakurai (RIKEN)
18. Status and prospective of HIRFL : Guoqing Xiao (IMP, CAS)
19. Research activities at the RCNP cyclotron facility : Kichiji Hatanaka (RCNP, Osaka University)
20. Band properties of the transitional nucleus 189 Pt : Wei Hua (IMP, CAS)
21. Multi-quasiparticle isomers in the vicinity of 132 Sn : Hiroshi Watanabe (RIKEN)
22. Quantum mechanical effects in tilted axis rotations in 182 Os : Yukio Hashimoto (University ofTsukuba)
23. Microscopic derivation of five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian of large-amplitude quadrupole
motion: application to shape coexistence in proton-rich Se isotopes : Nobuo Hinohara (RIKEN)
24. The equation of state of QCD at finite chemical potential and zero temperature : Hongshi Zong
(Nanjing University)51

25. Spin Physics at RHIC : Yuji Goto (RIKEN)
26. Pionic pair condensation under finite isospin chemical potential : Masayuki Matsuzaki (Fukuoka
University of Education)
27. Study of nucleon resonances at EBAC@JLab : Hiroyuki Kamano (Jefferson Lab)
28. Studies on the isospin effect and isoscaling behavior in heavy ion collisions : Deqing Fang
(SIAP, CAS)
29. Experimental proposal to study β -decay properties around N=126 nuclei produced by multinucleon transfer reactions : Yutaka Watanabe (KEK)
30. Recent activities at Tokai tandem accelerator : Tetsuro Ishii (JAEA)
31. The progress on RFQ1L and LPT : Wenxue Huang (IMP, CAS)
32. The AMS Measurements and Its Application in Nuclear Physics at CIAE : Shan Jiang (CIAE)
33. Multi-nuclide AMS system at the University of Tsukuba : Kimikazu Sasa (University of Tsukuba)
34. The Nuclear Data Activities Related with ADS in China : Haihong Xia (CIAE)
35. Physics with φ -Meson Production at STAR : Xiangzhou Cai (SIAP, CAS)
36. 3D hydro and hadron cascade model at RHIC and LHC : Chiho Nonaka (Nagoya University)
37. The ratio of shear/bulk viscosity over entropy density near phase transition : Mei Huang (IHEP,
CAS)
38. Experimental studies of quark gluon plasma at RHIC : Shinichi Esumi (University of Tsukuba)
39. Shear viscosity of gluon plasma in heavy ion collision : Qun Wang (University of Science andTechnology of China)
40. Hypernuclear Spectroscopy at KEK : Hiroyuki Noumi (RCNP)
41. Recent progress on constraining the asymmetry nuclear EOS at supra-saturation densities inheavy ion collisions : Zhigang Xiao (Tsinghua University)
42. Exotic nuclear systems with strangeness: Hypernuclei and Kaonic nuclei : Akinobu Dote (KEK)
43. Alpha inelastic scattering and cluster structures in light nuclei : Takahiro Kawabata (Kyoto
University)
44. α-clustering and Molecular-Orbital States of sd-shell nuclei : Masaaki Kimura (Hokkaido University)
45. Decay curve study in a standard electron capture decay : Takayuki Yamaguchi (Saitama University)
46. Present status of α-particle condensed states in 4n self-conjugate nuclei : Yasuro Funaki (University of Tsukuba)
47. Nuclear Astrophysics Studies with the Method of Continuum-Discretized Coupled Channels :Kazuyuki Ogata (Kyusyu University)
48. Nucleon superfluidity in asymmetric nuclear matter and neutron star matter : Wei Zuo (IMP,CAS)
49. Production ratio of meta-stable isomer in 180 Ta by neutrino-induced reactions : Takehito Hayakawa(JAEA)
50. Nuclear astrophysics and structure studies using low-energy RI beams at CRIB : Hidetoshi
Yamaguchi (CNS)
51. New Band Structures in A=110 Neutron-Rich Nuclei : Shengjiang Zhu (Tsinghua University)
52. Electromagnetic Moment of Proton-Rich 28 P and Decomposition of Its Spin : Kensaku Matsuta(Osaka University)5253. Gamow-Teller transition of proton-rich nucleus 24 Si : Yuichi Ichikawa (RIKEN)
54. Three-body force effects in few-nucleon systems : Souichi Ishikawa (Hosei University)
55. nd Scattering Observables Derived from the Quark-Model Baryon-Baryon Interaction : Yoshikazu
Fujiwara (Kyoto University)
56. Calculation of the nd Scattering lengths by a Realistic Nonlocal Gaussian Potential : Kenji
Fukukawa (Kyoto University)
57. Study of Double Beta Decay of 48 Ca with CANDLES : Saori Umehara (Osaka University)
58. Preparation and Characterization of Gadolinium Loaded Liquid Scintillator for Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment : Zhang Zhiyong (IHEP, CAS)
59. Construction and Beam Commissioning of J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility : Yoshinori
Sato (KEK)
60. Nuclear Physics program at HIRFL : Hushan Xu (IMP, CAS)
61. Current status and future experimental program of the SHARAQ spectrometer : Tomohiro Uesaka (CNS, University of Tokyo)
62. Experimental study of nuclear astrophysics with photon beams : Tatsushi Shima (RCNP)
63. In-direct measurements of nuclear astrophysics reactions in CIAE : Weiping Liu (CIAE)
64. Spin Resonances in Nuclei, Neutrino-Induced Reactions and Nucleosynthesis in Stars : Toshio
Suzuki (Nihon University)
65. Measurements of proton-proton momentum correlation functions from the proton-rich nuclei
induced reactions : Yugang Ma (SIAP, CAS)
66. R-process in Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts : Toshitaka Kajino (NAO)
67. Theoretical research on electron scattering with unstable nuclei : Zhongzhou Ren (Nanjing
University)
68. Shell correction energy and entrance channel effect on the formation of heavy and superheavy
nuclei : Fengshou Zhang (Beijing Normal University)
69. Superheavy Element Nuclear Chemistry at RIKEN : Hiromitsu Haba (RIKEN)
70. Recent results on the studies of high spin states at CIAE : Lihua Zhu (CIAE)
71. Quasi-Particle Alignment and Magnetic Rotation of High Spin States Investigated by g-Factor
Measurements : Shengyun Zhu (CIAE)
72. Nucleon Pair Approximation of the shell model : Yumin Zhao (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
73. Recent progress in shell-model calculations for pfg-shell nuclei : Michio Honma (Aizu University)
74. Shell-Model Calculations of N ≈ Z A ≈ 50 Nuclei Employing Realistic NN Interaction : Furong
Xu (Peking University)
75. Concluding remarks : Weiping Liu (CIAE)

53

The 22nd Community Meeting on the Electrostatic Particle Accelerators andtheir Related Technologies
16-17, July, 2009
University Hall, University of Tsukuba
1. Opening Address : H. Kudo (Univ. of Tsukuba)
2. Status of the tandem accelerator facility at the University of Tsukuba : K. Sasa, S. Ishii, H.
Oshima, H. Kimura, T. Takahashi, Y. Tajima, Y. Yamato, T. Komatsubara, D. Sekiba and H.
Kudo (University of Tsukuba)
3. Status report of MALT, The University of Tokyo : C. Nakano, H. Matsuzaki, A. Morita, S. Ito,
Y. Tsutiya, Y. Miyairi, Y. Matsushi, K. Abe, T. Aze (The University of Tokyo)
4. Present status of JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator facility : M. Matsuda, T. Ishii, Y. Tsukihashi,
S. Hanashima, S. Abe, A. Osa, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
5. Progress report of NIRS electrostatic accelerator facility (PASTA & SPICE) : M. Oikawa, N.
Suya, T. Ishikawa, T. Konishi, H. Imaseki (National Institute of Radiological Sciences), H. Iso,
Y. Higuchi (Neos Tech Co., Ltd.)
6. Present Conditions of Tandem Accelerator in Kobe University : A. Taniike, Y. Furuyama, A.
Kitamura (Kobe University)
7. Progress report of tandem accelerator in NWU : J. Karimata, N. Fujita, A. Shimada, Y. Inoue,
K. ishii and H. Ogawa (Nara Womenfs University)
8. Status Report of Kyushu University Tandem Accelerator : T. Morikawa, K. Sagara, T. Noro, T.
Wakasa, T. Teranishi, K. Fujita, T. Maeda, and N. Ikeda (Kyushu University)
9. Current status of the accelerator facility at The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center : S.
Hatori, T. Kurita, Y. Hayashi, H. Yamada, M. Shimada, M. Hiroto, H. Hamachi, T. Hashimoto,
K. Kanai, Y. Nakata, F. Yamaguchi, M. Yodose, T. Odagiri, S. Nagasaki, H. Yamamoto, N.
Ohtani, E. Minehara, S. Fukumoto (The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center)
10. Present Status and Applications of AMS 14 C System at Nagoya University (2009) : T. Nakamura, M. Minami, T. Oda, A. Ikeda, M. Miyata, T. Ohta, M. Nishida, T. Omori, H. Nishimoto,
K.Hayashui, K. Honjyo, K. Matsumoto, Y. Jyomori (Nagoya Univesity), Y. Suya(National Institute for Radiological Sciences) and T. Sekino(Elicon. co. Ltd)
11. Current status of the compact 14 C AMS system at Paleo Labo Co., Ltd. : S. Itoh, E. Niu, H.
Ozaki, M. Hirota, K. Setani, Z. Lomtatidze, I. Jorjoliani, K. Kobayashi (Paleo Labo Co., Ltd.)
12. Present Status of the JAEA-AMS-TONO : Y. Saito-Kokubu, M. Suzuki, T. Ishimaru(JAEA), A.
Nishizawa, Y. Ohwaki, T. Nishio(Pesco Corp., Ltd.)13. Equipment improvements of the JAEA-AMS-TONO : M. Suzuki, Y. Saito-Kokubu, T. Ishimaru(JAEA), A. Nishizawa, Y. Ohwaki, T. Nishio(Pesco Corp., Ltd.)
14. Upgrade of the Dynamitron Accelerator III : M. Fujisawa, T. Nagaya, S. Matsuyama, R.
Sakamoto, Y. Hashimoto, H. Yamazaki and K. Ishi(Tohoku University)
15. Development of Proton Beam Writing for Micromachining and Technical Challenges : H.
Nishikawa, Y. Seki, Y. Shiine, T. Kaneko (Shibaura Institute of Technology)
16. Micro Van de Graaff Generators and their Acceleration Tubes : E.J. Minehara (The Wakasa
Wan Energy Research Center), H. Yano (Wakasa Engineering Co. Ltd.)
17. Improvement of the AMS Data Integration System : Y.Yamato, H.Kimura, K.Sasa (Universityof Tsukuba)
18. Insulation Breakdown of the Schenkel Column Support : M. Shimada, S. Hatori, T. Kurita, Y.
Hayashi, H. Yamada, H. Hamachi, M. Hiroto, T. Hashimoto, K. Kanai, Y. Nakata, F. Yamaguchi,
M. Yodose, S. Nagasaki, T. Odagiri, N. Ohtani, S. Fukumoto, E. Minehara (Wakasa Wan Energy
Research Center), N. Ogino, Y. Eto, E. Shimizu(Non-Destructive Inspection Co., Ltd.)54

19. Present Status of the Control System for the JAEA Tokai Tandem : S. Hanashima (Japan
Atomic Energy Agency)
20. Emission Management of SF6 gas at the JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator : T. Nakanoya, H.
Tayama, H. Kabumoto, M. Matsuda, Y. Tsukihashi (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
21. Improvement of beam bunching system at KUTL : K. Fujita, K. Sagara, N. Goto, K. Nakano,
R. Iwabuchi, M. Taniguchi, N. Oba, T. Maeda (Kyushu University)
22. Development of a µ-PIXE System Using Glass Capillary Optics : J. Hasegawa, H. Fukuda, Y.
Oguri (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
23. Observation of the SEU mapping in the SOI devices induced by microbeam irradiation : T.
Hirao, S. Onoda, T. Makino, T. Ohshima (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), S. Abo, N. Masuda,
M. Takai (Osaka University)
24. Heavy-ion micobeam system for cell irradiation at Kyoto University : M. Nakamura, S. Makino(Wakayama Medical University), K. Imai, M. Hirose, H. Matsumoto, M. Tosaki, D. Ohsawa,
K. Komatsu(Kyoto University) , O. Niwa (National Institute of Radiological Sciences), and H.
Utsumi(Health Research Foundation)
25. Luminescence from Sapphire Bombarded by MeV Cluster Ion Beams : H. Shibata (Kyoto
University), Y. Saitoh, A. Chiba, Y. Takahashi, K. Narumi (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
26. Nucleation mechanism of water droplets in air under irradiation of 20 MeV protons : S. Tomita,
M. Matsuoka, M. Fujieda, K. Sasa, H. Kudo (University of Tsukuba)
27. Radiocarbon dating of the silk fabrics laced with colored threads gEzo Nishikih by AMS : H.
Oda, M. Yoshida (Nagoya University) , K. Nakamura (Hakodate National College of Technology), H. Amano (Japan Chemical Analysis Center), H. Takimoto (Ohminato High School)
28. Plan and status to introduce AMS at Yamagata University : F. Tokanai (Yamagata University)
29. Open Advanced Facilities Initiative for Innovation (Strategic Use by Industry) at UTTAC : H.
Kudo, Y. Tagishi, H. Naramoto, S. Mihara, T. Oki (University of Tsukuba)
30. Current Status of Electrostatic Accelerators at TIARA : A. Chiba, S. Uno, K. Yamada, A.
Yokoyama, T. Agematsu, Y. Saitoh, Y. Ishii, T. Satoh, T. Okubo (JAEA), T. Kitano, T. Takayama,
T. Orimo, M. Kouka, Y. Aoki, N. Yamada (Beam Operation Service co., Ltd.)
31. Status of JAEA-AMS-MUTSU in 2008-2009 : T. Suzuki, S. Otosaka, T. Tanaka, S. Kou, N.
Kinoshita, N. Yamamoto (JAEA)
32. Current Status of High Fluence Irradiation Facility, The University of Tokyo (HIT) : T. Iwai, T.
Omata and M. Uesaka (The University of Tokyo)
33. Status of the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator at the University of Tsukuba : S. Ishii, K. Sasa, D.
Sekiba, H. Oshima, M. Kurosawa, S. Tomita, and H. Kudo (University of Tsukuba)
34. Status of dynamitron accelerator : Y. Hashimoto, M. Fujisawa, T. Nagatani, S. Matsuyama, T.
Sakamoto, K. Ishii, H. Yamazaki (Tohoku University)
35. Development of femto ampere level irradiation system : S. Ito, A. Morita, H. Matsuzaki (The
University of Tokyo)
36. Influence of the median potential in an electrostatic steerer on beam optics : T. Asozu, M.
Matsuda, K. Kutsukake, M. Nakamura (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
37. Operational testing of the microcontroller (PIC) in C language : M. Nakamura (Japan Atomic
Energy Agency)
38. Recovery of acceleration field gradients of superconducting booster resonators by high pressure
water jet rinsing : H. Kabumoto, S. Takeuchi, N. Ishizaki (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), T.
Yoshida, T. Ishiguro, K. Yamaguchi (Atox, co., ltd.)
39. Development of measurement-and-control devices for JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator : K.
Kutsukake, M. Makoto, S. Hanashima (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)

55

40. Emittance measurement using scintillator luminescence induced by MeV proton beams II : A.
Yokoyama, Y. Ishii, A. Chiba, S. Uno, T. Agematsu (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), T. Takayama,
M. Koka (Beam Operation. Ltd)
41. Monitoring system of beam transport parameters at Kyushu University Tandem Accelerator :K. Iketani, K. Uechi, M. Shimamoto, T. Fukuda, T. Sato, K. Fujita, H. Minamoto, T. Morikawa,T. Noro, T. Maeda (Kyushu University)
42. Stabilization of AMS System at Kyushu University and Post-bomb 14 C-dating of Botanical
Specimen : K. Uechi, K. Iketani, M. Shimamoto, T. Fukuda, T. Morikawa, T. Noro and T.
Maeda (Kyushu University)
43. Status report of the Tsukuba AMS system : T. Takahashi, K.Sasa, Y. Nagashima, Y. Tosaki, K.
Sueki (University of Tsukuba)
44. Suppression mechanism of electron emission under fast cluster impact on solids : H. Arai, H.
Kudo, S. Tomita, S. Ishii (University of Tsukuba)
45. PIXE analyses of fluid inclusions with a 1-MV tandetron accelerator at University of Tsukuba: M. Kurosawa, K. Sasa, S. Ishii (University of Tsukuba)

Annual meeting of UTTAC users :Ion-beam based interdisciplinary studies
15 March, 2010
Laboratory of Advanced Research B 0110
Oral presentation
1. Application of ion-implantation-induced structural changes to optical devices : M. Fujimaki(National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST))
2. Mass measurements of unstable nuclei and quests of uranium nucleosynthesis : A. Ozawa(Graduate Scool of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba)
3. Long-term denudation of karst landscape: quantification with cosmogenic 36 Cl in calcite : Y.
Matsushi (MALT, Univ. of Tokyo)
4. Combinatorial PCT measurement of hydrogen storage materials by ion beam : D. Sekiba (UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba)
5. The Super Omega muon beamline at J-PARC - High intense new muon source : Y. Ikedo (KEK)
Poster session
1. Cosmogenic 36 Cl record in an ice core at the Dome Fuji station, Antarctica : K. Sasa, Y.
MatsushiA , Y. TosakiB , T. Takahashi, K. KurosumiC , T. AmanoC , J. KitagawaC , N. Kinoshita,
M. Matsumura, S. Abe, Y. Takaya, K. SuekiD , Y. Nagashima, K. BesshoE , H. MatsumuraE , K.
HoriuchiF , H. MatsuzakiA , H. MotoyamaG (UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba, A MALT, Univ. of Tokyo,
B Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba, C AMS group, Univ. of
Tsukuba, D Radioisotope center, Univ. of Tsukuba, E KEK, FHirosaki Univ., G National instituteof polar research)
2. Measurement of 36 Cl in soil : Study of extraction methods according to reservoirs : T. Amano,
K. SuekiA , J. Kitagawa, K. SasaB , Y. NagashimaB , T. TakahashiB , Y. TakayaB , Y. MatsushiC ,Y. TosakiD , N. KinoshitaB , K. BesshoE , H. MatsumuraE (AMS Group, University of Tsukuba,
A UTTAC, University of Tsukuba, B Radioisotope center, Univ. of Tsukuba, C MALT, Univ. ofTokyo, D Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba, E KEK)
3. Chlorine-36 produced in muon irradiation : N. Kinoshita, K. Sasa, H. MatsumuraA , A. LevelingB ,D. BoehnleinB (UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba, A KEK, B Fermi Lab)56

4. Variations of 36 Cl/Cl in precipitation and 36 Cl deposition flux : Y. Tosaki, N. Tase, K. SasaA ,T. TakahashiA , Y. NagashimaA (Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of
Tsukuba, A UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba)
5. The developments of detectors of the particle identification for the RI beam experiments : T.
Moriguchi, A. Ozawa (Graduate Scool of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba)
6. Measurement of nuclear magnetic moment of unstable nucleus 30 P : Y. Abe, A. Ozawa (Graduate Scool of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba)
7. Measurement of nuclear magnetic moment of unstable nuclei 40 Sc : Y. Ishibashi, A. Ozawa(Graduate Scool of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba)
8. Nucleosynthesis studied by in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy : T. Komatsubara (UTTAC, Univ.
of Tsukuba)
9. Performance Evaluation of CNS Active Targets : S. Ota, T. Hashimoto (Center for Nuclear
Study, Univ. of Tokyo)
10. Micro-PIXE analysis of trace elements in single fluid-inclusions using a tandetron accelerator :M. Kurosawa, K. SasaA , S. IshiiA (Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ.
of Tsukuba, A UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba)
11. Fabrication and Mossbauer study of iron nitride nano-particles : M. Minagawa, M. Kishimoto,H. Yanagihara, E. Kita (Graduate Scool of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba)
12. Nitrogen distribution in ferromagnetic iron-nitride thin films synthesized by an ammonia nitrification method : K. Watanabe, M. Minagawa, D. SekibaA , H. Yanagihara, E. Kita (Graduate
Scool of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba, A UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba)
13. Toward crystalline high-efficiency thin-film solar cells using semiconducting silicide : T. Suemasu, M. Suzuno, T. Saito, K. Akutsu, H. Kawakami (Graduate Scool of Pure and Applied
Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba)
14. Anomalous properties of metal nano-clusters interacting with the graphite surface : T. Kondo, J.
Oh, D. Hatake, T. Suzuki, Y. Honma, T. Machida, K. Arakawa, D. SekibaA , H. Kudo, J.Nakamura(Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba, A UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba)
15. Electric conductivity of hydrogen-doped ITO thin film : D. Sekiba, S. KohikiA (UTTAC, Univ.
of Tsukuba, A Kyushu Institute of Technology)
16. Fabrication of all solid state switchable mirror : Y. Shiotani, D. Sekiba (UTTAC, Univ. of
Tsukuba)17. Vicinage effect on energy loss of C+
2 in thin carbon foil : S. Tamura, K. Kurita, H, Tanikawa, Y.
Narita, S. Tomita, S. IshiiA , K. SasaA , H. Kudo (Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences,
Univ. of Tsukuba, A UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba)
18. Measurement of resonant coherent excitation with backward electron spectroscopy : Y, Narita,
K. Kurita, H. Tanikawa, S. Tamura, S. Tomita, H. Kudo (Graduate School of Pure and Applied
Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba)
19. Nucleation of nano droplets in N2 /H2 O/SO2 under irradiation of proton beam : H. Tanikawa,
M. Matsuoka, K. Kurita, S. Tamura, Y. Narita, Y. NakaiA , H. OharaB , K. SasaC , S. Tomita, H.
Kudo (Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba, A RIKEN, B National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), C UTTAC, Univ. of Tsukuba)

57

10. LIST OF PERSONNEL
Tandem Accelerator Complex
H. KudoT. Komatsubara
K. Sasa
D. Sekiba
S. Ishii
H. Kimura
H. Oshima
Y. Tajima
T. Takahashi
Y. Yamato
N. Kinoshita
T. Aoki
K. IitakeDirector, Professor
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineer
Computer Engineer
Electric Engineer
Mechanical Engineer
Electric Engineer
Electric Engineer
Research Fellow
Research Supporter
Administrative Stuff

Research Members 1
Inst. of Physics
I. Arai
H. Suzuki

T. Komatsubara
Y. Takaya

Inst. of Applied Physics
S. AokiK. Akimoto
S. Tomita
A. Uedono

D. Nagae

A. Ozawa

K. Sasa

E. Kita
H. Yanagihara

H. KudoT. Suemasu

H. Naramoto

T. OkiInst. of Materials Science
T. Kondo

J. Nakamura

Inst. of Engineering Mechanics and Systems
K. Matsuuchi
Inst. of Geoscience
M. Kurosawa

N. TaseY. TosakiInst. of Chemistry
K. Sueki
Staff of Open Advanced Facilities Initiative
M. Matsumura
S. Mihara
K. Tagishi

H. Muromachi

1 The ”research members” include the authors and coauthors within 5 years back from this fiscal year, as well as themembers of research projects runnning at UTTAC.

58

Graduate students
Doctoral Programs of Pure and Applied Science
M. Iijima

M. Minagawa

T. Moriguchi

K. Yamaguchi

Master’s Programs of Pure and Applied Science
T. Amano
M. Horikoshi
T. Ikuyama
T. Kayano
M. Matsuoka
K. Ogawa
S. SatoK. Shiba
T. Watanabe

Y. Ishibashi
H. Ooishi
K. Yokoyama

Y. ItoY. Sakaoka
T. Yoshikawa

S. Kijima
K. Kurosumi
Y. Sugiyama

J. Kitagawa
S. Mizuno
H. Tanigawa

Undergraduates
Y. AbeY. Kondo
Y. Narita
S. Tamura

T. Ishii
S. Kubota
K. OdaY. Watahiki

N. Kamiguchi
K. Kurita
Y. Shiotani
Y. Watanabe

59

Scientific Guests and Fellows
K. Awazu
M. Fujimaki
S.J. Yu
T. KatoK. SatoK. Nomura
S. Fujii
A. Yoshida
A. IsakiY. Matsushi
T. Hayakawa
T. Shizuma
Y. Ohura
Y. Hamanaka
Y. Sasaki
N. Imamura
S. Kubono
H. Yamaguchi
T. Hashimoto
S. Hayakawa
D. Kahl
D.N. Binh
H. Hamagaki
T. Uesaka
S. Michimasa
S. Gunji
S. Ohta
T. Tokieda
K. Kawase
R. Akimoto
K. Setoodehnia
F. Carpino
K. Fukutani
H. Yonemura
H. Tsuchida
K. Nishimura
R. Murakoshi
T. Kawahata

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Waseda Univ.
Waseda Univ.
Waseda Univ.
Waseda Univ.
Waseda Univ.
Waseda Univ.
Waseda Univ.
Univ. of TokyoJapan Atomic Energy Agency
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.
Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.
Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.
Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo
McMaster Univ.
McMaster Univ.
Univ. of Tokyo
Univ. of Tokyo
Kyoto Univ.
Kyoto Univ.
Kyoto Univ.
Kyoto Univ.

60