Design Guidelines & Pamphlets forPlanning and Designing ofZero Energy Buildings(ZEBs) in Japan
November 2018
Sustainable open Innovation Initiative
Nomura Research Institute, Ltd.

Contents

1. Definition of ZEBs
2. Design Guidelines and Pamphlets of ZEB
3. Typical Examples of ZEBs for Each Building Use
4. Aiming to Realization and Dissemination of ZEBs
* ZEBs: Net Zero Energy Buildings1

(Definition of ZEBs)

The definition of ZEBs have been established by the
ZEB Roadmap Examination Committee*
Comparing with residences, it’s a quite difficult to realize 100% energy saving commercial buildings(ZEBs)
with the current off-the-shelf technology.
The concept of ZEBs was expanded to enable aiming to realize ZEBs according to the actual situations ofbuildings.
Energy saving of
50% or more

Net energy saving of
100% or moreSolarshadingAir
conditioningHighthermalinsulation

Ventilation

Reduction of
50% or more

Daylight
utilization

Reduction of
50% or more

Changing to highefficiency equipment
systems
Reduction of
50% or more

Naturalventilation

Net energy saving of
75% or moreAir
conditioningAir
conditioning

Ventilation

Lighting

Lighting

Hot water
supplyHot water
supplyElevators

Elevators

Ventilation

Creationof energyLighting
Hot water
supplyCreationof energy

Elevators

What are ZEBs? (Qualitative definition)
ZEBs are defined as buildings using advanced architectural designs that aim to realize substantial energy savings while
maintaining the indoor environment by (1) reducing the energy loads, (2) positively utilizing natural energy by applying passive
technologies, and (3) introducing high efficiency equipment and systems. They additionally aim to achieve the highest degreeof energy independence and reduce the annual primary energy balance to zero by (4) introducing renewable energy.
* In 2015, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry assembled a committee of experts in order to achieve the ZEB policy targets specified in the
Basic Energy Plan, and investigated the measures, etc. required for realizing and popularizing ZEBs.

2

ZEB concept diagram
The fossil energy consumption in buildings is reduced by improving theenergy-saving performance of the building framework and equipment andutilizing renewable energy generated on the site.
○ＺＥＢのイメージ

Exterior performanceenhancement

Thermal insulation materials(Roof, outside walls)
Low-E multi-layered glass
High thermal insulation window frames

Solar power generation
Utilization of solar heat
Cool roof

Glass roof
Natural ventilation

Air flow windows
High-efficiency
lighting

Daylight
ducts

Natural Radiation cooling and heating
lighting cloth
High-efficiency

air-conditioning

Total heat exchanger

Louvers and eaves
Wall solar panels
Window solar panels(see-through)Light shelves
Daylight window film
Blind control (Sunlighttracking, etc.)

Outside air load
reduction

Task and ambient
lighting

Task and ambient airconditioning
Room entry/exit
equipment

Utilization of daylight
High illuminanceguidance lamps

Utilization LED and organicof daylight
EL lighting
Individual
control terminals

Geothermal heat pump
Utilization of river water
Utilization of sewage heat

Utilization of unused energy

Integrated control(Room entry and exit,
air conditioning andlighting)

Room entry/exit
equipment
Storage cellsHighfor energy
efficiency
transformers storage

VAV, VWV
water supply with large
temperature difference
Desiccant airconditioning

Inverter pumps

Naturalventilation
Outside air
cooling
Night-timeoutside air
cooling (Nightpurge)
Energy management

support provider
Cool tube/trench(Utilization of geothermal heat)(Utilization of well water)

Sharing energy
High-efficiency heat
between buildings
pumps
High-efficiency boilers
Cogeneration/fuel cells Utilization of exhaust
High-efficiency pumps
heat of incinerationplant

High-efficiency heat sources

Area-wide utilization
3

Contents

1. Definition of ZEBs
2. Design Guidelines and Pamphlets of ZEB
3. Typical Examples of ZEBs for Each Building Use
4. Aiming to Realization and Dissemination of ZEBs
* ZEBs: Net Zero Energy Buildings4Know-how relating to ZEBs has not been
sufficiently spread
The following have been indicated as issues impeding theRealization and Dissemination of ZEBs.
(1) Although measures and activities are promoted by the national government and theconstruction industry to realize and disseminate ZEBs, and developments that are expected
to greatly improve the performance of each of the facilities including air conditioning andlighting have been made, the establishment and sharing of the methods of combining thesewhen designing ZEB buildings have not been adequately implemented.
(2) Until now, trial calculations relating to the costs of ZEB buildings have not been implemented,
so that it was not possible to evaluate whether ZEBs could be realized at budgets
corresponding to the costs.

The Realization of ZEBs for buildings is essential for achieving the 2030 review of theenergy basic plan.
The number of ZEBs that have been developed by leading business operators throughincorporating devices in the designs and combining various current technologies isgradually increasing throughout Japan.

5In the US, it is possible to obtain 50% Advanced
Energy Design Guides free download
ASHRAE （ American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ）is making
the Advanced Energy Design Guides for 50% Savings available for free download (PDF）from thewebsite of the (ASHRAE).

Small to Medium
Office Buildings

Large
Hospitals

Grocery Stores

School Buildings

Source: 50 Percent AEDG (Advanced Energy Design Guide series) free download webpage

6

Utilization in energy conservation planning
between persons related to building architecture
design and planning

Basic designs and working designs

Utilizing the ZEB Pamphlets

Utilizing the ZEB Design Guidelines

Proposalsof ZEBs

Communications relating to the architectural plans
and equipment designs required for ZEBs

Consultations
about ZEBs
Design offices, general
Real estate business
contractors,
operators,architects, consultants, etc.
building owners

Architects,
architecturaldesigners, etc.

Facility designers
7

The ZEB Design Guidelines and ZEB Pamphlets havebeen made to realize further improvements inawareness of ZEBs and to spread know-how on ZEBs
Information media
Design offices,
generalcontractors, realestate business
operators(Persons incharge of design)

Building owners,
architects,
architecturaldesigners, realestate business
operators• ZEB Design
Guidelines• ZEB
Pamphlets

Purpose• To increaseawareness andthe degree ofinterest in ZEBs
• To share ZEBrelated knowhow• To increaseawareness andthe degree ofinterest in
ZEBs

Supplied information
Combination oftechnologies for
Realization ZEBs
(Design knowhow)
Energy conservation
effects and added costs
Actual design examples
Advantages due toRealization ZEBs
(Energy- saving
advantages,
improvement of working
environment, etc.)
Methods for achieving
ZEBs, actual design
examplesApplicable systems, etc. 8

Made guidelines for each building use based on
the subsidy application situations
The energy consumption is the largest among each building use.

Offices edition

Has the largest number of applications for ZEB verification projects.

Nursing homes andwelfare homes
editionHas the second largest number of applications for ZEB verification
projects, following office use.
In consideration of the aging Japanese society, new constructions
can be expected in the future.

Supermarkets andhome-improvement
centers edition

The energy consumption is the second largest among eachbuilding use, following office use.
A certain number of new store openings can be expected eachyear.

Hospitals
editionMatching each building size, a medium office edition and small
office edition has been created.

The energy consumption is the third largest of each use, following office use
and department stores (including supermarkets and home improvement
centers).
By indicating the processes for hospital use which has comparatively highhurdles to overcome for realizing ZEBs, developments will also become
possible in medium- to large-sized buildings other than hospitals.

9

ZEB Design Guidelines and ZEB Pamphlets series
ZEB Design
Guidelines

ZEB Pamphlets

10

Disclosure on the website (Can be downloaded
free of charge)
The information can be downloaded free of charge from the Sustainable open Innovation Initiative
website.

https://sii.or.jp/zeb/zeb_guideline.html☑ ZEB Design Guidelines☑ ZEB Brochures☑ Calculation Program Sheet(Building Energy Efficiency Act)

11

The total number of downloads has reachedapproximately 43,000 (As of October 2018)
Contents

ZEB Design Guidelines

Calculation program
sheetsZEB Pamphlets

Actual number of downloads
Medium offices

6,328

Small offices

4,586

Nursing homes and welfare homes

2,474Supermarkets/Home improvement centers

2,253

Hospitals

952

Medium offices

3,330

Small offices

2,871

Nursing homes and welfare homes

1,691Supermarkets/Home improvement centers

1,608

Large hospitals

555

Medium hospitals

533

Schools0

Offices

7,732

Nursing homes and welfare homes

3,287Supermarkets/Home improvement centers

2,943

Hospitals

1,009

Schools

1,021

16,593

10,58843,173

15,99212

Measures for Realization and Dissemination of ZEBs
About the ZEB Design Guidelines and ZEB
Pamphlets

ZEB PAMPHLETS

13

Utilization in the ZEB architectural design andplanning stages
design and planning

Basic designs and working designs

Utilizing the ZEB Pamphlets

Utilizing the ZEB Design Guidelines

Proposalsof ZEBs

Communications relating to the architectural plans
and equipment designs required for ZEBs

Consultations
about ZEBs
Design offices, general
Real estate business
contractors,
operators,
Architects,
architects, consultants, etc.
building owners
architecturaldesigners, etc.

Facility designers
14

One of the directions in the future for environmentallyfriendly architecture will be

ZEBs

KEY POINT ❶ZEBs are attracting attention as one ofthe options for environmental buildings.

KEY POINT ❷Situation the actual building conditions
and popularization of the concept, thedefinition of ZEBs has been established.

KEY POINT ❸The Realization and dissemination of
ZEBs are promoted to achieve national
government targets.
15

ZEB Ready and above have not only energy saving
effects, but a variety of other merits
Reduction in utility costs

Business continuity when disasters occur

It is possible to reduce utility costs while maintaining andimproving the quality of the indoor environment.

The business continuity when disasters occur will
be improved.

If an office building with a total floor area ofaround 10,000 m2 realizes energy conservationof 50%, it will also be possible to reduce thelighting and heating costs by 40-50% annually.

Improvement in real estate value
The numbers of tenants and investors who are seeking buildingsthat are environmentally friendly are increasing.
Among office buildings located in Tokyo’s
23 wards, survey results have also beenannounced that buildings which haveacquired environmental certification(buildings which are considerate to theenvironment) were viewed positively
when concluding new rent contracts.

W hen asked for the reason
why important work was
stopped by the Great East
Japan Earthquake in 2011,
more than half of thepeople answered, “becauseof the power outages”, andmany other people also
gave energy infrastructurerelated responses.

Improvement in the intellectual
productivity of tenants and office workers
A comfortable indoor environment is realized, so that improvementin peoples’ intellectual productivity can be expected.
When moving to an office in which natural energy utilization technologies had
been incorporated, survey results have been announced that the number ofusers who felt that the indoor environment had become easier to work in after
moving to the new office had increased.

16

The key points for realizing ZEBs are “load limiting and naturalenergy utilization”, the “effective use of energy”, andthe “creation of energy”
In addition to limiting the loads and utilizing natural energy, it is important to realize “ZEB Ready”
status through energy conservation of 50% or more by changing equipment systems to highefficiency types. Further, according to the building’s actual conditions it is important to aim torealize net energy conservation of 75% or more (“Nearly ZEB”) and additionally aim to realize
net energy conservation of 100% or more (“ZEB”) through increased energy conservation andthe use of renewable energy such as solar power generation.

Naturalventilation

Effectively utilize energy
Change equipment systems to highefficiency types
Air
conditioning

Daylight
utilization

Ventilation
Lighting

SolarshadingHighthermalinsulation

Create energy

Hot water
supplyElevators

Energyconservation

Limit the loads, and utilize
natural energyAirconditioning

Ventilation
Lighting
Hot water supply

Elevators

Note: The energy consumption of office automationequipment used by tenants and users is notincluded here.

17

ZEB Ready is an achievable target(50% energy-saving buildings)

ZEB Ready can be realized
if the latest general-purpose
technologies and controls
are effectively combined. ☟Trial calculation results have been disclosed showing that it is possible to realize “ZEB Ready” by
combining general-purpose high efficiency energy conservation technologies. In addition, whencalculating the necessary equipment and material costs and the construction and administration costs,
increased building costs of approximately 12% are incurred compared to buildings corresponding to
the Energy Efficiency & Conservation Standards, which indicates that “ZEB Ready” is by no means
unattainable. Further, when aiming to realize environmental buildings which attain both the design andfurther energy conservation (Nearly ZEB and ZEB), it is important to positively utilize passive
technologies such as the utilization of natural ventilation and daylight.
Energy conservation effects realized by each measure (Rough estimate)
Change to full-height with the aim of improving
users’ comfort, intellectual productivity, etc.
Air conditioning
8% energy
conservation

Lighting
16% energy
conservation

Ventilation, hot watersupply, elevators
4% energy conservation

Note: These calculations target the air conditioning, ventilation, lighting, hotwater supply, and elevators. They do not include the energy consumption of
office automation equipment, which takes up approximately 30% of theoverall consumption.

Air conditioning

Lighting(MJ/m2・year)

Air conditioning
27% energy
conservation

Source: Based on calculation results according to the ZEB Roadmap Follow-up PanelZEB Ready can be realized
through an approximately 12%
increase in construction costs. ☟(Trial calculations targeting model buildings)
ZEB Ready
Increased
estimated costs amount(in millions of
rate
yen)

Increased amount rate of construction costs (Rough estimate)
112%(3,935 million yen)100%
(3,521 million yen)

(1) Average data forgeneral offices in the
Kanto region andTokyo metropolitan
area provided in JBCI
2016

Approx. 12%(2) Individual calculationsof increased amountportion including
temporary
construction, finishing,
air conditioning,
electricity, sanitation,and various expenses

Building construction
finishing (High thermal
insulation/Solarshading)
Air conditioning equipment(Air conditioning +ventilation)

Electrical equipment(Lighting)
Sanitation equipment(Hot water supply)
Elevators

A. Corresponding toB. ZEB Ready2016 standards
In “B. ZEB Ready”, the increased amount rate of the estimated costs forthe overall building is 112%. Considering the increased amount rate of
the estimated costs for each separate technology, this is 161% in Air
conditioning equipment (air conditioning + ventilation), and it is 117% inElectrical equipment (lighting).
These building costs are trial calculation results targeting modelbuildings in a case study, and the estimated costs may vary due tovariations in commodity prices according to economic conditions andchanges in building specifications. Additionally, when designingbuildings which exceed ZEB Ready (energy conservation rate of 50%),care will be required when investigating the incorporation of passive
technologies (such as the utilization of natural ventilation and daylightby incorporating atriums and voids), which have a high energy
conservation effect but also have high initial costs.

Temporary construction
Earthworks
Foundation work
Frame construction
Various expenses

Total
Price per unit of area
1,280,000 yen per 3.3 m2(* Trial calculation results for an office building with a total floor area of around 10,000 m2)
Source: Based on calculation results according to the ZEB Roadmap Follow-up Panelthrough the cooperation of the Building Surveyors’ Institute of Japan18

Measures for Realization and Dissemination of ZEBs
About the ZEB Design Guidelines and ZEB
Pamphlets

ZEB DESIGN GUIDELINES

19

Utilization in the ZEB architectural basic designs
and working designs
Planning and concepts

Basic designs and working designs

Utilizing the ZEB Brochures

Utilizing the ZEB Design Guidelines

Proposalsof ZEBs

Communications relating to the architectural plans
and equipment designs required for ZEBs

Consultations
about ZEBs
Design offices, general
Real estate business
contractors,
operators,architects, consultants, etc.
building owners

Architects,
architecturaldesigners, etc.

Facility designers
20

Japan’s first ZEB realization manual targeting ZEB
Ready buildings (50% energy-saving building)
KEY POINT ❶Provided with explanations using
calculation programs that arecompliant with the EE&C standards.
(With energy conservation effects
and rough cost estimates)

KEY POINT ❷Includes renewable energies andpoints requiring care during operation.
(References)

References ZEB Readymodel buildings

KEY POINT ❸Includes actual design examples.

21

Ways to use the Design Guidelines (1/6)

First, confirm the energy conservation overall
picture (☞Chapter 2)
Primary energy consumption in reference officebuildings (excluding office automation equipment, etc.)[MJ/m2 year]
1,500

Air conditioning is approximately 800 MJ/m2 year.
(Takes up approximately 60% of the building total)

1,200Lighting is approximately 400 MJ/m2 year.
(Takes up approximately 30% of the building total)

Trial calculation results using model buildings

900

Air
conditioning

Energy conservation of 45-50% for air conditioning.
(= 30% energy conservation for the building overall)

Energy conservation of 50-80% for lighting.

600

Ventilation(= 15-20% energy conservation for the building overall)

Energy conservation in ventilation, hot water supply,and elevators

300* However, with regard to passive methods which are difficult to evaluate in thecurrent calculation program, it is also desirable to plan their effective introduction.
0Air
conditioning(Reductionof 45-50%)

Lighting

Hot water
supplyElevators
Reference
基準相当
building

Ventilation
Lighting(Reductionof 50-80%)

Hot water supply

Elevators
ZEB Ready22

Ways to use the Design Guidelines (2/6)

Additionally, confirm the overall cost picture(☞Chapter 2)

Itemization

The increased amount rate of theestimated costs for the overallbuilding is 112%.
This is 161% for air conditioning
equipment (air conditioning andventilation).
This is 117% for electricalequipment (lighting).
* However, there will be the possibility ofchanges to the estimated cost results due tovariations in commodity prices following the
economic conditions and changes in building
specifications. In addition, when designingbuildings which exceed ZEB Ready, it will also
be necessary to investigate the introduction of
construction methods that have high energy
conservation effects, but which also have highinitial costs (such as the utilization of naturalventilation and daylight by using atriums orvoids).

100%
100%（3,521百万円）(3,521 million yen)

112%
112%
（3,935百万円）(3,935 million yen)(2) Individual calculations ofincreased amount portion
including temporary construction,②仮設、仕上、空調、
finishing, air conditioning,
電気、衛生、諸経費等
electricity, sanitation, and variousの増額分を個別計算
expenses(1) Average data forgeneral offices in the①JBCI2016におけるKanto region and一般事務所 関東･東京圏
Tokyo metropolitanの平均的なデータ
area provided in JBCI
2016

A. 平成28年基準相当
Corresponding toA.
2016 standards

ZEBReady
Ready
B.B.ZEB

2. Individual calculation result of increased amount portion②増額分の個別計算結果
Estimated
増額含む概算費用
costs including
increasedamount
B：ZEB Ready
B: ZEB Ready（百万円）(in millionsof yen)Increased
増額分
amountportion(in
millions
of
（百万円）
yen)
Building construction finishing (High thermal
建築工事仕上（高断熱／日射遮蔽）
insulation/Solarshading)
Air conditioning equipment (Air conditioning +空調設備（空調＋換気）
ventilation)

Increased
増額率
amount
rate

120

1,160

112%

160

423

161%

電気設備（照明）
Electricalequipment (Lighting)

56

393

117%

衛生設備（給湯）
Sanitationequipment (Hot water supply)

1

191

100%

昇降機
Elevators

0

69

100%

Temporary
construction
仮設

24

246

111%

土工
Earthworks

0

111

100%

地業
Foundation
work

0

144

100%

Frame
躯体 construction

0

741

100%

Various
諸経費 expenses

53

457

113%

414

3,935

112%

Total
合計

出所）公益社団法人
日本建築積算協会の協力のもと、
Source: Based on calculation
results according
to the ZEB Roadmap Follow-up
ZEBロードマップ
フォローアップ委員会による試算結果に基づくPanel through the cooperationof the Building
Surveyors’ Institute of Japan

23

Ways to use the Design Guidelines (3/6)

confirm the technical points
to be noted and the columns (☞Chapters 3-4)
Corresponding to the design,

基準相当
高断熱・日射遮蔽3 章 建築省エ ネルギー技術（ パッ シ ブ 技術）+ 高効率熱源

Colu m n+ 流量制御補助事業（ ZEB実証事業） の申請案件におけるPAL* の削減率の分布+ 空調制御+ 照度適正化+ 高効率照明

3 . 1 外皮断熱

+ 照明制御+ 高効率電動機

PAL* の削減率の分布+ 送風量制御+ 省エネ給湯技術の導入目的+ 省エネ昇降機

事務所 の用途別で は 、 PAL* の削 減率 （ 外皮 BPI ） は、 0 . 65 （ 35 減 ） 〜0 . 79 （ 21 減） 程度で分布し て い る 。

空調負荷を 抑制する
外皮断熱計画は室内と 屋外の境界（ 外皮） における 熱の出入り の抑制を 目的と し て おり 、 無断熱の建物に比べてはる かに少な いエ ネ ルギーで室内の温熱環境を 快適にする こ と がで き る 。
ま た、 太陽から の日射によ り 取得さ れる エ ネ ルギー（ 日射取得熱） と 内部発熱は、 断熱がさ れて いな ければ短時間のう ち に外へ逃げて し ま う が、 断熱化を 図る こ と で 室温を 上昇さ せる た めの有効なエ ネルギーと し て使う こ と ができ る 。
一方、 夏期には断熱化によ っ て 熱の侵入を 防ぐ こ と がねら いにある が、 日射取得熱や内部発熱が室
内にこ も っ てし ま う 恐れも ある ため、 自然通風利用の併用について も 考慮する 必要がある 。
自然室温を 維持する
外皮の断熱水準が上がる ほど 室温は外気温の影響を 受けにく く な り 、 冬期は非暖房室で も 暖房室から の熱の流入や日射取得熱・ 内部発熱によ り 室温が上がり 、 よ り 高い室温を 維持する こ と がで き る 。
壁や床、 窓の表面温度を 室温に近づける
一般に、 ある 空間に おける 体感温度は周囲の窓・ 壁・ 床等の表面温度（ 平均放射温度） と 室温の平均と さ れて いる が、 断熱化によ っ て 躯体の表面温度を 室温に近づけ、 体感温度と 室温と の温度差を小さ く する こ と で十分な暖かさ や涼し さ を 感じ る こ と がで き る 。
ま た、 床を はじ めと し た 断熱性能の強化（ 断熱材の設置およ び漏気の防止） によ り 、 床の表面温度を 上げる こ と で室内の上下温度差や温度むら を 小さ く する こ と ができ る 。
屋上から の日射熱を 遮り 、 最上階室の暑さ を 和ら げる
夏期の水平面は、 多量の日射熱を 受ける 。 そ のため、 夏期の屋上ス ラ ブ 面の温度は60 〜70 ℃にも 達する 。 屋上ス ラ ブ 面の断熱を 強化する こ と で 、 屋上が受けた 日射熱が室内に入る こ と を 防ぎ、 最上
階室の暑さ を 和ら げる こ と が可能である 。
外皮断熱技術の高性能化に 向け た ア プ ロ ーチ

PAL* と 空調一次エ ネ ルギー消費量の関係
補助事業（ Z E B実証事業） の申請案件の分布に よ る と 、 外皮の高断熱化に よ り 、 PAL* が下がる と 、
空調一次エ ネ ルギー 消費量原単位も 下がる 傾向に あ る 。 こ のこ と は、 パッ シ ブ 技術と ア ク テ ィ ブ
技術の組み合わせが重要と な る こ と を 示し て い る 。

外皮断熱技術は、 建築物に係る 熱負荷の抑制に寄与する も のである 。
熱負荷と は、 室内温度を 一定に 保つ ために処理し な く て はな ら な い熱量を 指し 、 一般的には、 外皮
負荷、 日射負荷・ 日照取得、 外気負荷等の外部の気象条件に応じ て 時々刻々と 変化する も のと 、 照
明負荷、 機器発熱、 人体負荷等、 室内側の利用状況に起因する も のと に大別さ れる 。
外気負荷

換気の目的で 導入さ れる 外気 と 室内の 温度差に よ り 熱負荷と な る 。 室外が室内よ り 涼し い
中間期は逆に 熱負荷が緩和さ れる 。

照明負荷

照明機器は光と と も に 熱も発し 、 冷房の熱負荷と な る 。

日射負荷・
日照取得
冷 房 時 は 日 射 が熱負 荷と な り 、
暖房時に は負荷を 軽減する 。

内部発熱
外皮負荷
室内外の温度差に 比例し て、壁を 介し て 熱が移動する 。
断熱性能を 高める こ と で、外皮負荷が低減する 。

人体負荷

PC 、 コ ピ ー 機 等 で 利 用 された 電気は、 最 終的に 熱とし て 室内に 放出さ れる 。

人体は、 代謝、 蒸泄や呼 吸に よ り 、 室内に 熱や水 分を放出し て い る 。
出所） 丹羽英治『 エ ネ ルギー自立型建築』 工作舎／2 0 13 年

出所） 「ZEB実証事業 調査研究発表会2017 」一般社団法人 環境共創イニシアチブ

24Ways to use the Design Guidelines (4/6)

Confirm the methods of applying the actual data
to the calculation programs (☞Chapters 3-4)
Example) Changing the performance and thickness of the thermal insulationmaterials for the outside wall and roof ☟Corresponding to ZEB Ready

Corresponding to the standards
①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥

⑦

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥

⑦

外壁名称

壁の種類

熱貫流率

建材番号

建材名称

厚み

備考

外壁名称

壁の種類

熱貫流率

建材番号

建材名称

厚み

備考

(選択)

(選択)

(選択)

(選択)

[W/㎡K]
(選択)
R1

[mm]

外壁
70
62
302
41
47
102
47
181
41

W1

外壁
62
302
181
41
47
67

FG1

接地壁
101
47
41

室内側
ロックウール化粧吸音板
せっこうボード
非密閉空気層コンクリートセメント・モルタル
FRP
セメント・モルタル
押出法ポリスチレンフォーム 保温板 1種

コンクリート
室外側
室内側
せっこうボード
非密閉空気層押出法ポリスチレンフォーム 保温板 1種

コンクリートセメント・モルタル
タイル

室外側
室内側
ビニル系床材
セメント・モルタル
コンクリート

室外側[W/㎡K]
(選択)
R1

外壁

12
10
150
15
5
15
50
60

25
150
25
10

3
27
150

70
62
302
41
47
102
47
183
41

普通コンクリート

普通コンクリート
W1

8

外壁
62
302
183
41
47
67

普通コンクリート

FG1
普通コンクリート

[mm]

接地壁
101
47
41

室内側
ロックウール化粧吸音板
せっこうボード
非密閉空気層コンクリートセメント・モルタル
FRP
セメント・モルタル
押出法ポリスチレンフォーム 保温板 3種

コンクリート
室外側
室内側
せっこうボード
非密閉空気層

12
10
150
15
5
15
100
60

普通コンクリート8

コンクリートセメント・モルタル
タイル

50
150
25
10

室外側
室内側
ビニル系床材
セメント・モルタル
コンクリート327150

押出法ポリスチレンフォーム 保温板 3種

普通コンクリート

普通コンクリート

普通コンクリート

室外側25

Ways to use the Design Guidelines (5/6)

Apply the calculation programs (in Chapter 7 or in an
Excel sheet) to calculate the energy savings* Because the descriptions are only examples in model buildings,
be sure to change the equipment, numerical values, etc. to match
each building, and use the results as an assistive measure whenaiming to realize ZEBs.
26

Ways to use the Design Guidelines (6/6 * If there is scope for further measures)

Confirm the use of renewable energy and the points
to be noted during operation (☞Chapters 5-6)
Colu m n

Verification of renewableenergy technologies
建材一体型の再生可能エ
ネルギー技術の実証（例）that： areintegrated
into construction materials(Example):
壁面設置型の太陽光発電シ
ステム
Wall surface-mounted solar power generation system

Colu m n

Exampleof RealizationルのZ
ZEBs
an office
運用面も 含めた事務所ビ
E Bfor化事例
building
including the aspect of continuous use

年間エ ネ ルギー収支ゼロ を 達成

ZEBの推進には、 建物の屋上だけでなく 、 壁面にも 太陽光発電システムを 導入し 、 建築物のエネル
ギー自給率を 高める こ と が重要である 。 し かし 、 建物壁面への設置は、 太陽電池モジュ ールから 周
囲への太陽光反射によ る 光害等が発生する こ と がある ため、 導入においては検討が必要である 。 こ
れまでNEDOと カ ネカ は、 太陽電池モジュ ール表面の凹凸構造によ っ て光散乱さ せ正反射を 低減させる と と も に、 太陽電池モジュ ールの内部に光を 閉じ 込める 技術を 用いて発電効率を 高めた低反射
モジュ ールを 開発し 、 カ ネカ ソ ーラ ーエネルギー事業部技術セン タ ー実証棟において、 モジュ ールの表面構造の最適化等の評価を 進めている 。

大成建設のZEB実証棟で は、 20 14 年6 月の運用開始から 201 5 年5 月ま で の1 年間で 、 エ ネルギー消費量は一般的な 建物の1 /4 程度と な る 463 MJ/（ ㎡・ 年） 、 創エ ネ ルギー量は493 MJ/（ ㎡・ 年） と な
り 、 建物単体で の年間エ ネルギー収支0 （ ゼロ ） を 達成し た。 ZEBの達成は国内都市部における 単体
建物と し て 初で あり 世界的にも 希少な 先進事例と いえ る 。

また、 同社は、 「 太陽光発電多用途化実証プロ ジェ ク ト 」 で、 防眩機能を 有し 、 意匠性を 高めた壁面設置型の低反射環境配慮型太陽光発電システムを 大成建設技術セン タ ー内に設置し 、 発電特性等を 確認する 実証試験を 実施し ている 。
本システムは、 壁面設置型の大き な課題である 光害対策のための防眩機能を 有し 、 また多彩な色をつける こ と で意匠性を 高め、 フ レ ームレ スで設置する こ と が可能と なっ ている 。 本実証試験では、色の自由度を 高めた多彩な低反射モジュ ールの光を 閉じ 込める 技術によ り 、 年間日射の大半が斜入射と なる 建物壁面設置の太陽光発電システムにおいて、 年間発電量の向上を 実証する 計画である 。
本取組によ り 、 ZEBを 実現する 光害対策等の設置環境に配慮し 、 景観に調和し た意匠性の高い壁面設置型の太陽光発電システムの実用化を 目指し ている 。
Z E B 化採用技術の効果を 実証

壁面に設置し たさ まざ まな色の低反射モジュ ール

大成建設独自のセ ン シ ン グ技術と 、 新た に開発し た 採光装置、 光環境の新し い概念を 利用し た 照明
制御技術等によ り 、 超省エ ネ ルギーと 快適性の両立が確認さ れた 。 ま た 、 次世代型高効率燃料電池の排熱を 利用し た タ ス ク ア ン ド ア ン ビ エ ン ト 空調シ ス テ ムの効果、 有機薄膜太陽光発電によ る 創エ
ネ ルギー効果等、 建物に 導入し た 様々な 技術の実測データ 収集・ 分析を 行い 、 事前のシ ミ ュ レ ー
シ ョ ン 通り のゼロ エ ネルギーの達成が確認さ れた。

出所） 国立研究開発法人新エ ネ ルギー・ 産業技術総合開発機構ニ ュ ース リ リ ース （ 2 0 1 6 年2 月2 5 日）
出所） 大成建設ウ ェ ブ サイ ト

27

Contents

1. Definition of ZEBs
2. Design Guidelines and Pamphlets of ZEB
3. Typical Examples of ZEBs for Each Building Use
4. Aiming to Realization and Dissemination of ZEBs
* ZEBs: Net Zero Energy Buildings

28

ZEB Example – Office (1)Concept for ZEB
realization

To realize a ZEB for this headquarters building, it was planned to reduce the building’s
overall energy load by primarily using a passive building design that enhanced thebuilding envelop insulation performance and utilized daylight and natural ventilation as
far as possible. Secondly, regarding the parts of the load that could not be reduced
using the above measures, it was planned to implement thorough energy conservation
using high efficiency air conditioning, lighting, and hot water supply. Additionally, theintroduction of BEMS to understand and evaluate the actual energy consumption was
to lead to further reductions in energy consumption with the operations management.

Project location

Hamamatsu, Shizuoka

Region 6

Building use

Office (Part used as awarehouse)

Newly
constructed

Structure S construction
Total floor area

No. ofstories

4 stories above ground3,704.10 m2

29

ZEB Example – Office (2)Thermal insulationmaterials(Glass wool)

Lithium ion storage cells
Outdoor units
Solar power
generation system
Natural lighting blinds
4th floor

Natural lighting
panelsLow-E multi-layeredglass

LED lighting

LED lighting (with controls)
OfficeHigh efficiency air
conditioner + totalheat exchanger

Natural ventilation system
Natural lighting cloth

CO2 sensor

Temperature andhumidity sensors

Light breeze
ceiling fans

Solar shading louvers(Sunlight tracking form)
Lighting sensors

Meetingrooms

High efficiency air conditioning +Heat pump type desiccant air
conditioning outdoor unit

Light ducts
LED lighting

Greening of site
Greening of car
park

Water
sprinklingsystemNatural ventilation
systemHeat pump air conditioning
system utilizing well waterBEMS
2nd and 3rd floors
Thermal insulation materials
OfficeMotiondetectors
Toilets,
corridors,
warehouse,
etc.

Top Runnertransformers

1st floor

Industrial EcoCute(Well)

30

ZEB Example – Office (3)Units: MJ/m2 year

1,500Standards

500

307

738

0

Exterior

470

304

0.65

93

Air
conditioning

738

415

0.56

415

Ventilation

38

14

0.38

-201

Lighting

307

93

0.30

Hot water
supply

173

81

0.47

Elevators

29

29

1.00

Total

1,286

632

0.49

-500
Air
空調
conditioning
Hot water
給湯supplyVentilation
換気Lighting
照明

Elevators
昇降機

Renewable
再生可能エネenergyRenewableenergyTotal

Created energy rate

1,000

BPI/
BEI

Design

50.8% reduction
through energy
conservation only

0

–201

-

1,286

431

0.34

Primary energy consumption rate
(Not considering created energy, andexcluding others)[Energy performance evaluation]
The design primary energy consumption of this building is 632 MJ/m2 year (431 MJ/m2 year when including therenewable energy), which realizes energy conservation of approximately 51% compared to the reference .
31

ZEB Example – Hospital (1)Concept for ZEB
realization

Planning the hospital construction, an advanced hospital that consumes less energy
was to be operated by limiting the air conditioning load as far as possible through theutilization of highly efficient thermal insulation materials and high performance windows,
introducing energy-efficient equipment, and implementing energy consumption
management using BEMS.

Project location

Fukuchiyama , Kyoto

Region 5

Building use

Hospital

Newly
constructed

StructureRC
construction

Total floor area

No. ofstories

7 stories above ground
10,660.07 m2

32

ZEB Verification Example – Hospital (2)To the insideof the building

Exhaustheat

Desiccant air
conditioningSpareboilerElectricity

Air conditioner
outdoor unit

Solar power
generation
systemCogeneration
systemWater
heaterHot and chilledwater generator

Chilledwater

OfficeMonitors

BEMS

Air conditioner
indoor unit

Air conditioning
combined
centralized
controller

Central monitoring
computer(Dedicated PC)

LED lightingLED
lighting
sensorDesiccant air
conditioning

33

ZEB Example – Hospital (3)Units: MJ/m2 year

80%
Standards

2,000

246

1,500

459
196
239

1,000
500

1,138

0

Air
conditioning

1,138

858

0.75

Ventilation

231

156

0.68

Lighting

459

239

0.52

Hot water
supply

246

196

0.80

Elevators

26

26

1.00

Total

2,100

1,474

0.70

Renewableenergy

0

–3

-

High
efficiency
equipment

0

–539

-

2,100

931

0.44

60%

-1,000Air
conditioning
空調
Hot
water supply
給湯Ventilation
換気
Elevators
昇降機

BEI

858
-3
-539

-500

DesignLighting
照明

Renewable
再生可能エネenergyTotal

Createdenergy rate
創エネ率

㎡・年︶
MJ/

Primary energy consumption(MJ/m2・year)

一次エネルギー消費量︵

2,500

『ZEB』
40%

20%

Nearly ZEB

55.6% reduction
コジェネ含むincluding
55.6%減cogeneration

ZEB Ready

0%
100%

80%
60%
40%
20%
Primaryenergy consumption rate
一次エネルギー削減率(Not considering
created energy, and excluding others)（創エネを考慮せず、その他を除く）[Energy performance evaluation]
The design primary energy consumption of this building is 1,474 MJ/m2 year (931 MJ/m2 year when including therenewable energy), which realizes energy conservation of approximately 55.6% (including the renewable energy
and cogeneration) compared to the reference.

34

Contents

1. Definition of ZEBs
2. Design Guidelines and Pamphlets of ZEB
3. Typical Examples of ZEBs for Each Building Use
4. Aiming to Realization and Dissemination of ZEBs
* ZEBs: Net Zero Energy Buildings

35

ZEB Planner Registration System(Development of ZEB expert engineers, and management of voluntary action plan)
To promote ZEB building business, design companies, design and construction companies, and consulting companies which haveknowledge of energy saving buildings are registered as ZEB Planners and establish consultation service and inform thegeneral public them available.
Disclosure of the list of ZEB Planners and their achievements on the website of the subsidy executive body
Based on the registered information, it is planned to investigate further measures for Realization ZEB popularization.

How do I
realize a
ZEB?
Subsidies to be given to
the ZEB Planner
involved projects ofvarious building uses.

SupportBuilding ownerConsulta- tions『ZEB』
Nearly ZEB
ZEB ReadyZEB Planner Consultation Center

Information
disclosure

・ZEB Planner information (Scope of work, supported area andbuilding use, etc.)
・Voluntary activity plans to receive orders for ZEBs
・Actual planning for ZEBs, etc.
・List of ZEB Consultation Centers

DesignConsulting
construction companies, etc.
companies
No. of registered companies as of October 15, 2018: 125(79 design companies, 59 design construction companies, 97 consulting companies * Each company can register multiple categories.) 36
Designcompanies

The number of ZEB buildings is increasing each year
The number of ZEB buildings, comprising not only buildings developed by general contractors and major
design offices, but buildings created by a variety of business operators in recent years, is increasing.
Distribution of ZEB Leading Owner registered buildings

No. of subsidized projects

60
50
40

53

■ 『ZEB』■ Nearly ZEB■ ZEB Ready
The numbers of applicants(ZEB)

4
2

30
20
10
0

40

1
4
2014
H26
5

5件
buildings

2
2

3
6

36

1
2
13

30

2014
H26補正
revised(2015)
(H27)

2016
H28

2017
H29

2018
H30

16

36
buildings
36件

40
40件
buildings

37
buildings
37件

16件
buildings■ 10 or more buildings■ 5-9 buildings
Total■ 2-4 buildings
168■ 1 buildingbuildings

44

28

Up until FY2016, the figures indicate the number of confirmed projects,
while the figures for FY2017 and FY2018 indicate the number of confirmed
grants.
Also includes the number of buildings in projects subsidized by Ministry of theEnvironment.

15
buildings

10 buildings

24 buildings

10 buildings(As of October 15)

37

ZEB popularizationrate

Aiming to Realization and Dissemination of ZEBs

ZEB
Dissemination

CSR
Sending out
information as
CSR

PR
Conducting PR as
examples ofadvanced activities
implemented for theenvironment

ZEB
Realization
resulting from ZEB
Leading Owner
registration

2017

Increase inawareness of
ZEBs

ZEB
Pamphlets

By 2030, toachieve ZEBs as
the average for
newly
constructedcommercial
buildings.

Activation of
ZEB-related
business

ZEB Planners

Utilizationof ZEB
DesignGuidelines

2020

2030

38

Aiming to Realization and Dissemination of ZEBs

The interest in ZEBs is rapidly increasing in Japan as well, and thenumber of ZEB buildings developed by “ZEB Leading Owners”
registered on the SII website has increased to 168 buildings
nationwide, extending across a variety of building uses and sizes.
SII continues to investigate to clarify the energy saving effects andadvantages of further Realization ZEBs, cooperating with Ministryof Economy, Trade and Industry and Ministry of the Environment.
We would be happy if our presentation today will be useful for youractivities.
39

Thank you for your attention.

40