For ECAP17

ZEB related Best Practices in Japan
From ECCJ’s Energy Conservation Grand PrizeAward
6 November 2018, Tokyo

Yasushi Tanaka

International Cooperation Division,
The Energy Conservation Center, Japan

Contents
1 Current EE&C Situation of New and Existing
Buildings in Japan(1) New buildings – Acceleration of EE&C is expected by the
implementation of the Building Energy Efficiency Act, etc.
(2) Existing buildings – High EE&C potential of the small- andmedium-scale buildings

2 Introduction of ZEB related Best Practices(1) Office building (DAIKIN)(2) Welfare facility for the elderly (Okayama Central Welfare
Association)(3) Golf course (Five Eight Golf Club)

2The ZEB Roadmap – ZEB diffusion schedule for newly build building in Japan
Japanʼs Strategic Energy Plan (adopted at the Cabinet Council in April 2014)
establishes the following goals to realize and promote of ZEBs:– Realize ZEBs in newly constructed public buildings by 2020
– Realize ZEBs in average newly constructed public and private buildings by 2030

<The ZEB Roadmap>

Goals

Private companies,businessesorganization

National government

FY 2015
Establishment of
the definition
Design of the ZEB
Preparation of guidelines

Technology
development

FY 2016

Definition establishedFY 2018

FY 2017

FY 2019

Revise the definition (if necessary)

Demonstration projectPreparation of guidelines

Technology development to reduce costs

Measures in newly
constructed publicbuildings

Implement active measures in newly constructed public buildings (including schools).

Public relations

Promote/brand ZEBs

Training ofengineers

Train ZEB engineers

Goal setting

Realization andpopularization of
ZEBs

FY 2020

Collect data, monitor progress, and report regularly based on the voluntary action plan

Realize and autonomously popularize ZEBs
3

Current Situation of Existing Buildings and Recognition of Problems
Promotion of EE&C in small- and medium-scale buildings is future target
Building pyramid chart in major cities
Small- andLarge-scalemedium-scale 40,528,862.8

Features of the buildings across the country
Small- and mediumscale buildings

Large-scalebuildings

23 wards in Tokyo:
m2, 8,395 buildings,
Average building age of 29.1 years

Small- and medium-scale

Large-scale(total floor area: 991.7 to 16,528.9 m2)
Totally 19,074,350.6 m2, 7,672 buildings,
Average 29.7 years

Old seismic
standard:
4,066,109.4 m2(19%)

Old seismic
standard:
5,024,785.6
m2 (26%)
Building age(year)

20 years old or
more:(total floor area: 16,528.9 m2 or more)
Totally 21,454,512.2 m2, 723 buildings,
Average 22.5 years

15,471,050.4
m2 (81%)20 years old or
more:

Tokyo

10,710,727.2

m2 (50%)Less than 20 years old:
3,603,300.2 m2(19%)

Less than 20 years
old: 10,743,785 m2(50%)

Rental area (in 33,057.8 m2)

Small- and medium-scale

Osaka: 9,190,068.4 m2, 1,704 buildings,
Average building age of 31.1 years(total floor area: 991.7 to 16,528.9 m2)
Totally 4,661,149.8 m2, 1,516 buildings,
Average 31.5 years

Old seismic
standard:
1,586,774.4
m2 (34%)

4,066,109.4
m2 (87%)20 years old &more(total floor area: 16,528.9 m2 or more)
Totally 4,528,918.6 m2, 188 buildings,
Average 27.8 years

Old seismic
standard:
1,256,196.4 m2(28%)
Building age(year)

20 years old or
more:

Large-scale

Rental area (in 33,057.8 m2)* Source: Website of XYMAX Corporation●Advanced
introduction of BEMS
●Resident energy
manager

Energy management of current small- andmedium-scale buildings

20 years old or
more:

2,975,202 m2(65%)

Less than 20 years old:
1,553,716.6 m2(35%)

Less than 20 years old:
595,040.4 m2 (13%)●Cases 95％ of the whole●Area
60％ of the whole●No resident building
manager●Many renewed buildings

Osaka● No resident manager, backward energy reduction● Many buildings are renewed in the bubble
economy period●High energy reduction potential
4Contents
1 Current EE&C Situation of New and Existing
Buildings in Japan(1) New buildings – Acceleration of EE&C is expected by the
implementation of the Building Energy Efficiency Act, etc.
(2) Existing buildings – High EE&C potential of the small- andmedium-scale buildings

2 Introduction of ZEB related Best Practices(1) Office building (DAIKIN)(2) Welfare facility for the elderly (Okayama Central Welfare
Association)(3) Golf course (Five Eight Golf Club)5

Office Building Cases(Large-scale New Buildings, Small- and Medium-scale Existing Buildings)
DAIKIN’s approach (1)Location
Type of building
Structure, stories

Total floor area
Completed in: Settsu, Osaka: Office/laboratory: S/SRC construction
6 stories above ground,
1 basement, 2-story
penthouse: 47,911.86 m2: Nov. 2015

Energy consumption result(Apr. 2016 to Mar. 2017)
Nearly ZEB (90% reduction)

DAIKIN’s approach (2)Location
Type of building
Structure, stories
LEED“Platinum”
CASBEE“S rank”

Total floor area
Completed in
Renewed in: Hakata-ku, Fukuoka: Office: S construction
4 stories above
ground, 1-story
penthouse: 2,620 m2
BELS: Sep.1996“ZEB Ready”: May, 2017

Energy consumption result(Jun. 2017 to May, 2018)
ZEB Ready (67% reduction)

6

Energy Management Structure (Approach (1))■ Establishment of a performance verification system immediately after completion.
■ Promotion of a PDCA cycle participated by operation managers, users and researchers.

ZEB control committee <Plan> DK/NS/NSRI[Manages progress of each group meeting and working
group, solves problems and formulates a planningguideline toward realization of ZEBs.]
To be held 3 or 4 times a year.
Life style sub-committee <Action> DK/NS[Implements publicity activities such as visualization of
result for realization of ZEBs to the tenants andexchanges opinions to create of a collaborativeenvironment.]
To be held 3 or 4 times a year.

Operation management sub-committee <Do> DK/NS[Holds a meeting to obtain understanding andcooperation of a facility manager as to effective
operation management toward realization of ZEBs.]
To be held 3 or 4 times a year.

Data analysis and performance verification subcommittee <check> DK/NS/NSRI/NTTF[Analyzes BEMS data, etc. to implement
demonstration, tuning, etc. toward realization of ZEBs.]
Building WG <Check> DK/NS/Tokyo Univ. of
Science/Osaka Univ.
[Verifies performance such as natural lighting and naturalventilation.]

Air-conditioning WG <Check> DK/NSRI/NS[Verifies performance such as multi air-conditioningof ZEB buildings.]
To be held monthly.

Participants in each group meeting
DK: DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
NS: NIKKEN SEKKEI LTD
NSRI: NIKKEN SEKKEIRESEARCH INSTITUTE
NTTF: NTT FACILITIES, INC.
Tokyo Univ. of Science: Inoue Lab.
Osaka Univ.: Yamanaka Lab.

7

Overall Office Plan (Approach (1))■ Aims at both EE&C and comfort as a progressive advanced technology laboratory.
■ Obtained LEED-NC Platinum, CABEE S rank.
■ Establishment of evolved air-conditioning technologies by making maximum use ofnatural energy.
■ Constant commissioning by an office worker (AC technology developer) thanks to thereal-time visualization of the on-going situation■ Rational location of the shaft while maintaining openness with the glass duct

Solar power
generation panels

Ultra-high-efficiency multi air-conditioningof building, water spray for outside units
TBAB heat storage, free-cooling multi
air-conditioning of building

Solar tracking
stands for solar
power generation

Large top light
Eccentric horizontalaxis rotary window
for natural ventilation

Solar tracking
lighting system

Automatic control blind“Experiment and demonstration” site
capable of suspending a prototype machine
which has “visualized” an air-conditioning
technology through the skeleton ceiling

Refrigerant PS
Light shelvesInterior PAC

Dimming control and toning control

Task and ambient lighting

Porous steel
sheet eaves
High-insulation Low-e
double glazing
Automatic control blind
Natural ventilation window

Glass duct
Perimeter PAC

Desiccant heat pump
Humidity-controlling outside air
handling unit

Platinum
85/110Floor-mounted PAC
Visible equipment shaft freely controlling the“air” while keeping an extent of large space andan extensive visual field8

Summary (Approach (1))■ Advanced nature and originality• Collaboration of an air-conditioner manufacturer and a building equipment designer from the design phase• Early marketing of an excellent product by running the PDCA cycle at site
• Development and introduction of a system allowing verification by real-time comparison with the energy
consumption result to accelerate commissioning and to continually feed back the result to technological development■ EE&C performance• Evaluation of the office area based on the FY2013 Energy
Conservation Act standard
Annual primary energy consumption: 145 MJ/m2 year
Reduction rate: 90% (electric outlets excluded) = Nearly ZEB* Reduction rate: 74% (electric outlets included)• Crude oil equivalent reduction for the entire office area: 737 kl/year* With operating time correction

Primary energy consumption[MJ/m2 year][MJ/m2年]
一次エネルギー消費量

7,000
6,000

74% reduced
本取組みby
the above
mentioned
74%削減
efforts

5,000
4,000
3,000

25%
reduced
建物全体
for the entire
25%削減
building

Officearea
オフィスエリア

2,000

Experimental
実験エリア
area

1,000
0

■ Versatility and expandability* Entire building with no operating time correction• Available for non-office buildings due to high versatility and expandability• Capable of contributing to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions on a world scale owing to globally expanded
sales of the product[Expected merit by diffusion of the technology (Annual)]

Fiscal year
Reduction (crude oil equivalent)(in 10,000 kl/year)

2017

2020

2025

2030

0.075

3.90

20.0

133

■ Improvement and sustainability• Maintain the management structure by the persons concerned such as designers, facility managers and air-conditioning
development engineers to continue operational improvement toward realization of ZEBs.

9

Standard ZEB for Small- and Medium-scale Buildings (Approach (2))
Promotion of dissemination of ZEBs by “Equipment Renewal with
Versatile Technology”[Conventional technology forrealizing ZEBs]
Difficulty because of many requiredelement technologies
Glass roof

Exterior load reduction Air flow
High-efficiency
Louvers
windows
lighting
Eaves
Wall solar panels
Task and ambient lighting

Window solar panels(see-through)Low-E
double glazing window
Internal load reduction Utilization of daylightLED
lighting
Organic EL
lighting

Cool roof

Radiation coolingHigh-efficiency
air-conditioning
Utilizationof daylightRoom
entry/exit
equipment

Task and ambient airconditioning
Room entry/exit
equipment
VAV, VWVAir blast with large
temperature difference
Desiccant air-conditioning

Outside air load reduction
Total heatexchanger
Natural ventilation
Outside air coolingNight-time outside
air cooling

Energymanagement
support provider

Cool tube(Utilization of geothermal
heat)(Utilization of well water)

Primary energy

Conceptual
diagram

To achieve ZEB Ready only by renewing
the air-conditioning/ventilation andlighting equipment.
Comparison
一次エネルギー消費量比率（%）
consumption ratio (%)

Solar power
generation
Utilization ofsolar heat

Goal for realizing ZEBs

with the
基準値比較
reference value

照明Lighting

Air△ 17 conditioning/
空調･換気
ventilation

50

△ 38

100

55%
reduction
55％削減

%

75
%

Inner
window
内窓
Sunlight
太陽光 Improved
operation
運用改善
△1
△ 6

Geothermal heat pump

Utilization of sewage heat
Utilization of unused energy

High-efficiency heatpumps
High-efficiency boilers
Co-generators
High-efficiency pumps

High-efficiency heat sources

Utilization of exhaust
heat of incineration plantArea-wide utilization

Nearly ZEB△ 13Sharing energy
between buildings

Utilization of river water

ZEB ReadyThis
renewal
今回更新
317
317
（目標）
(Goal)

2 year)(MJ/m（MJ/㎡年）
Reference
基準値
1,267
value
1,267

Features of ZEB-oriented renewal(1) AC system with separation of latent heat andsensible heat(2) Batch control of air-conditioning/ventilation &lighting(3) Selection of optimum capacity by a remotemonitoring system

(1)
(2)

Server(3)
Controller

Analysis10Summary of Approach (2) (Reduction of Primary Energy Consumption)
Actual result was 67% reduction against the design value which is 62% reduction to the referential value(including solar power generation).
Lighting and solar power generation were as initially designed, and air-conditioning/ventilation was further reduced from the design value.

100
3Primary energy consumption*1

28

Ventilation, hotwater supply

Why primary energy was reduced from thedesign value?

Lighting

Lighting
Air-conditioning

Airconditioning

69(Total heatexchanger,
DESICA
included)

3
11

38
3
10

30
Reference value(WEBPRO reference value)

1,267 (MJ/m2 year)▲6: Suppression of initial illuminance andoperational improvement: Improved efficiency at low loadstage by VRT smart control

33
To totally
33%
includingsunlight

26
Sunlight

Design value(WEBPRO design value)▲6

Sunlight

Measured Value*2*1 ZEB evaluation does not include power consumption byelectric outlets.
*2 With operation time correction (results between Jun. 2017
and May, 2018)11

ZEB-oriented Renewal of Equipment at 3 Welfare Facilities for Elderly
Peoples by Social Welfare Corporation
Okayama Central Welfare Association
14 business establishments, No. of employees: 423
1. Points
Renewal of equipment under insufficient funds
Not simple renewal, but realized
by introduction of energy-saving equipment (payout period ≤ equipment service life)
Implementation of the measure including a change in equipment operation
Realization of an ESCO project establishment scenario
Elaborate renovation and operation in line with individual features of the buildings

2. Total Effect* Nursing home, nursing healthcare facility and low-cost nursing home
EE&C effect
Before renovation: 21,551
14,403 (▼7,148 GJ/year, Energy conservation rate:▼33%）
EE&C investment efficiency
Total investment: ¥119,000,000
Annual energy conservation amount: ¥15,000,000
Simple payout period: 7.9 years
12Features of EE&C Measures of Each Facilities(1) Nursing home

ESCO project
Initially figured impossible to launch the ESCO project in the feasibility study,
but materialized by a plan including a change in the scrupulous operating
conditions.
Renovated equipment without increasing utility charges.
Also reduced equipment maintenance cost.
Combination of the solar panels and heat pump water
heating system(2) Nursing
healthcare facility(3) Low-cost nursing
home** Rental house withnursing care support

Realized an all-electric nursing home.
Introduced fully LED-based lighting and total heatexchange ventilation fans.
Heavy oil-A boiler
Heat pump oil feeder
Introduced double glazing and high-efficiency air-conditioners in order toreduce utility charges.
Cost reduction by renewal to energy-saving and high-efficiency equipment
Utilization of a subsidy
Improved amenity and lower utility charges paid by the residents
Introduction of the BEMS
Introduced a demand controller.
Capable of responding to a demand control instruction
from the outside.
13

Renovation and EE&C Results
Residents, daycare users/day

Renovation(1) Nursing
homeEquipment after renovated * Renovated equipment indicated by red bold letters.
Window

Air-conditioning

Hot water
supplyVentilation

Lighting

Ice heat storage
Kerosene boiler
80 residents, Single glazing
Regularchiller
Multi airSolar heat
7 day-care
Vacuumventilation
conditioner
pump waterusers
double glazing(invariable)(motion detector) heaterCommunal
area:
Fluorescent
lamp
LED

Regularventilation
Total heatexchange
ventilation
fan

Fluorescent
lamp
LED

(2) Nursing
healthcare
facility(Rehabilitation
center)80 residents,
Multi air56 day-care Single glazing conditioner
users(invariable)(3) Low-cost
nursing home

Communal area:
Multi air-conditioner
Single blazing
Same (motion Kerosene boiler Regular
50 residents,
LOW-E
detector)
Heat pump ventilationNone
double glazing Private room: Airwater heater(invariable)
conditioner(invariable)

Heavy oil-A
boilerHeatpump water
heater<Effect of reduced energy consumption (GJ/year, year)>
EnergySimple payout
conservation rate
periodCommunal
area:
Fluorescent
lamp
LED

OthersSolar hot water
systemSolar hot water
systemSolar power
generation (allpower sold)BEMS* Simple payout period refers to an amountincluding a subsidy.

Before renovation(GJ)

After renovation
(GJ)

(1)

8,210 (2010)

5,087 (2013)

38%

6.3

10-year ESCO contract(2)

8,172 (2011)

5,782 (2013)

29%

9.9

Initially no demand reduction effect. Now,
intensifying demand monitoring to address
operational improvement.

(3)

5,169 (2012)

3,534 (goal)

32%

9.5

Currently under energy measurement due tocompletion at the end of FY2013.

Remark14

Realization of ZEB at Golf Course

Facility Overview
Name: Five Eight Golf Club
Location: Yaita, Tochigi
Usage: Club house of the golf course
Building overview : Total floor area 3,928 m2,
completed in 1987
Site
: 94 ha, forest area 47 ha

Background
Needs for local production and consumption of energy
and food (realization of ZEBs)
Designated as a shelter at the time of Great East Japan
Earthquake, but failed to function because of supply shortageof heavy oil A for hot water supply/heating.
Reference: High consumption of electricity, heavy oil A, etc.
(Energy ratio in management cost: 20%)
Energy price hike

Heavy oil A
42%

Electricity
51%

Needs for promoting disposal of constant forest thinnings
Adverse effect and higher cost due to aged equipment
15

Specific Measures for Realization of ZEB

Item
Improved performanceof exterior surface

Introduction of EE&C
systemIntroduction of energy
creation

Introduced
systemDescription

Low-E double
glazing

Shield solar radiation and reduce heat conduction by means of
Low-E double glazing to realize indoor amenity.

Biomass boiler

Supply hot water by a biomass boiler, using forest thinnings
produced at the golf course as fuel. (Zero consumption of heavy
oil A after taking the measure) --- J-credit certification

High-efficiency airconditioning

Introduce individual air-conditioning equipment available for partial
use and high-efficiency heat pump type air-conditioning, and carryout air-conditioning start-stop control by a motion detector as afurther energy conservation measure.

LED lighting

Replace all the fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps with
LED lighting. Carry out lighting control by a motion detector as afurther energy conservation measure.

BEMS

Implement visualization of energy by the BEMS. Reduce
unnecessary energy consumption by confirming power
consumption status for each line.

Solar power
generation

Annual power generation: 403,693 kWh/year16

EE&C Result
Crude oil equivalent (kl/year)
Hot water supply bybiomass boiler 58
High-efficiency airconditioning + woodburning stove 60

LED lighting 48
Reduced exterior load 4
Solar power
generation 102–38

Before measure

Energyconservation

After realizationof ZEB

Versatility and expandability of this case are as follows.
Model case of ZEB-oriented improvement among golf courses
Replicable case approx. 2,400 golf courses across the country
Potential effect when spread to all the facilities in Japan
260 kl/location x 2,400 locations = 620,000 kl worth of energy conservation interms of crude oil equivalent17Challenge of Business Type Conversion after Closing the Golf Course
After closure in 2016 due to a declining demand, etc., this golf course has beenrented for mega solar power generation company. (Total area: 65 hectares)(Power scale: 300 kW at the time of closure
Currently 41 MW)
Promotion of using untapped forest thinnings as energy (subject of J-credit
certification)(Established a local council including golf course owner, forest owner, etc.)
Development of a restaurant (old club house), campground, “marche*” i.e. akind of “free market”, food education farm, etc. in cooperation with the local
community

Focus on environmentally-friendly natural entertainment by making use of approach at the golf course.
* Additionally rolling out mobile wood-burning biomass boilers (3 kW) overseas (For Laos).

* Marche:Means a market in French. Based on the concept of hand-made and local production for
local consumption, this event aims at exchange with and activation of a local area and recommends
a sustainable life style in consideration of health and environment.
18

Thank
You
Very
Much
Thank You Very Much

For More Information;
The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
http://www.eccj.or.jp <from 1996>

The Symbol of Energy Conservation
Since 2005 ECCJ has been spread thesymbol mark with the visual image of aflour-leaf clover which is thought toAsia Energy Efficiency and Conservation Collaboration Center
bring happiness named as “SMART
CLOVER”, representing everyone’s
Symbolmarkofenergy(Established in April 2007)
conservationenergy conservation activities.

http://www.asiaeec-col.eccj.or.jp

Japanese Business alliance for Smart Energy-Worldwide(Established in October 2008)https://www.jase-w.org/

The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
Since 1978

SMART CLOVER<Disclaimer>
The views, opinions and information expressed inthis presentation were compiled from sources
believed to be reliable for information and sharing
purposes only .Any other use of thispresentation’s content should be subject to
ECCJ’s approval.

19