TAXICABS IN TOKYO

2016

FeatureFor the Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics▲TSTiE (Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi in English)
driver certiﬁcation system▲TSTiE driver certiﬁcation logo

▲Improved services for foreign visitors

CONTENTS01

For the Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics ・・・・・・・・・・・ 1

02

An overview of the taxi industry ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 9

03

The loosening of regulations regarding entry
in the taxi industry and its repercussions ・・・・・・ 13

04

The current status and initiatives in management・・・ 15

05

The working conditions of taxi drivers andfuture initiatives ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 19

06

Safety measures・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・23

07

The improvement of taxi services ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 25

08

The current status of the taxi industry in othercountries ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 33

09

Industrial, governmental, and social activities

DATA

Reference materials ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 41

・・ 39▲Tickets for free initial fares being distributed at the presentation
meeting hall of a Rikunabi limited liability company.

Job-hunting support taxis
University students who are job-hunting
are given free initial fare services andsupport in their job-hunting.

SECTION

01 For the Tokyo Olympics /Eﬀorts are being made in introducing a fare for the shortened
distance of initial charge (in the 400s of yen) for better aﬀordability
and fare systems that make taxis more user-friendly.

Goal of the eﬀorts in the fare for the shortened distance of initial charge
Taxi fares in Tokyo are by no means more expensive than in other major cities around the world*,
but the initial fare is currently ¥730 because the distance of the initial charge is relatively long at
2 kilometers.
By shortening the distance of the initial charge and lowering the fare to the 400s of yen,current customers as well as tourists and people who have not used taxis much in the past (suchas the elderly and young people) will ﬁnd the taxis more user-friendly. We are speeding our eﬀorts
in introducing a taxi fare system that meets the needs of customers who only need to travel shortdistances.
*Refer to The current status of taxi industries in other countries on p.33.

Concept of the fare for the shortened distance of initial charge
(yen)

1,400

The shorteningof the distance ofinitial charge

1,200

1,000

800

The initial fare will be
dropped to the 400s of yen
with the shortening of the
distance of initial charge

600

400

The current initial farein Tokyo¥730 for two kilometers

200

0

0

500

1,000

1,500

The current initial fare in Tokyo is ¥730
for two kilometers(as of June 2016)

1

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

2,000

2,500（m）

TA X I C A B S

Paralympics

I N TO K YO
2 016

Ten thousand UD taxis will be introduced by
the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
SECTION

UD (Universal Design) taxis

01

For the Tokyo
Olympics /Paralympics

The city of Tokyo has allocated about ¥6.1 billion as
support for introducing UD (universal design) taxis
at the 2016 budget proposals. This means that six
hundred thousand yen per vehicle is granted. Ten
thousand vehicles, which adds up to 20% of the ﬁfty
thousand taxis in Tokyo, will be introduced by 2020
Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Number of vehicles introduced (auxiliary base)

Tokyo

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Kanagawa Saitama
Chiba
Prefecture Prefecture Prefecture̶
2 vehicles 15 vehicles
13 vehicles 71 vehicles 10 vehicles
13 vehicles 34 vehicles 4 vehicles
15 vehicles 17 vehicles 4 vehicles
8 vehicles 6 vehicles 6 vehicles

6 vehicles
6 vehicles
1 vehicles
5 vehicles
1 vehicles

According to the Kanto District Transport Bureau

Training for Universal Drivers
Training on subjects such as how to communicate
with elderly and disabled passengers, how to handle
wheelchairs, and how to assist with boarding isprovided by the National Welfare Transportation Service
Association.
Courses that oﬀer the necessary training for drivers
is also provided by the Tokyo Taxi Center as of April 1,2014 and half of the drivers in Tokyo are scheduled
to be qualiﬁed by 2020.
■ Transitions in the number of drivers who have completed UD training (Tokyo) ■(people) (total sum)

20,00016,43015,00010,456

10,000
4,970

5,000
431

1,616

0
Total in 2011

Total in 2012

Total in 2013

Total in 2014

Total in 2015

Source: The National Welfare Transportation Service Association

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

2SECTION

01

For the Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics

The goal is to foster three hundred taxi drivers who can provide services inEnglish for tourism by the beginning of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
TSTiE driver certiﬁcation system
The TSTiE Driver certiﬁcation system was established in 2015, andthe fostering of drivers who can provide tourist information in
English is being implemented.
As of February 2016, there are ﬁfteen certiﬁed TSTiE drivers, andthe goal is to increase this number to three hundred by the beginningof the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. It is expected that there
will be an increase in the number of foreign visitors, and eﬀorts arebeing made to improve the services that taxi drivers can oﬀer them.

TSTiE driver certiﬁcation
logo
TSTiE stands for Tokyo
Sightseeing Taxi in English .

Conditions for TSTiE driver certiﬁcation〈Step1〉●The driver must pass the Tokyo city guide
screening.
●The driver must complete the training for
Universal Drivers.
〈Step2〉●The driver must complete the training inforeign languages for Tokyo sightseeing
taxi drivers.

〈Step3〉●The driver must obtain language skills
equivalent to that of a 600 TOEIC
score.
〈Step4〉●The driver must pass the certification
program for drivers who can provide
services in English for tourism.
(20 hours of training and oral test)

Transitions in targeted numbers of TSTiE drivers

Goal(people)

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

100
2016

150

2017

200

2018

250

2019

300

2020

Proposals in special zones for structural reform【Expansion of paid tour guide services in foreign languages】*Proposals are being made to departments and agencies
to let drivers who show that they have reached a certain
level of quality upon undergoing examination and training
offer paid tour guide services even without certification asinterpreters or guides.
The appeal of sightseeing in Tokyo is enhanced as
tourists from abroad can easily receive guided tours in
English.

3

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Attendinginterpreter
required
Increased
cost burden

Attendinginterpreter
not required
Lessened
cost burden

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

Creating a pleasant environment for visitorsfrom abroad.
Operation of multilingual taxis (Hospitality Taxis)
SECTION01

For the Tokyo
Olympics /Paralympics▲ Indicated with this sign

Training on serving visitors from abroad
The training that is oﬀered by the Tokyo Taxi Center, which involves
role-playing, is aimed at improving customer service by teachingcustoms practiced by foreign nationals, basic communication skills
needed in operating a taxi, and more.

Exclusive lanes for drivers who have completed training on serving visitors from abroad
As of December 15, 2014, drivers who have completed the above-mentioned training are granted
access to exclusive lanes. Lanes for Hospitality Taxis
Lanes for UD taxis and wagon taxis
This is to increase the level
International Terminal Buildingof hospitality by allowing
Haneda Airport International Terminal
visitors from abroad to
Excellent Service Taxi stands
choose taxis with drivers
Lanes for Kanagawa vehicles
who can communicate inEnglish.

Transition in the number of hospitality taxi drivers

8,000

Goal:

(people)10,000
8,000

5,742

6,000

3,775

4,000
2,000
0

1,024
October 2014

March 2015

March 2016

As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

4SECTION

01

For the Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics

Use Tokyo s most widely-used smartphone-based taxi
dispatch system that allows you to reach over 12,000 taxis.
Dispatching a taxi with a smartphone app (Tokyo Taxi Association-TAKKUN)
It is now possible to quickly and easily call a cab with a smartphone app.
The number of users is increasing as it has many functions that eliminate
the need to explain to an operator where you need to be picked up or
where your destination is.
The “Tokyo Taxi Association-TAKKUN” app, which is the ﬁrst of its kindin the world - exceeding the boundaries of taxi companies and allowing
you to call the nearest taxi vehicle to you in special zones / the Busan
district, began its full-scale services in January 22, 2014.
This app currently allows you to reach roughly 12,412 taxis in areas
including the Tama district.
(The total number of taxis in Tokyo is about 44 thousand, which
accounts for about 28% of all taxis nationwide.)(The total number of corporate taxis in Tokyo is about 30 thousand,which accounts for about 41% of all corporate taxis nationwide.)
Plans for further enhancements such as those in collaboration withmultilingual and sightseeing apps are underway for the Olympic andParalympic Games in addition to the apps in the Japanese and English
versions that are currently available.
Oﬃcial Tokyo Taxi Association-TAKKUN website

http://takkun.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/■ Shifts in number of vehicles that can be dispatched ■(Units)13,00012,412About
31％ ofcorporate taxis

12,00011,00010,000
9,000
8,000

About
22 ％ ofcorporate taxis

7,000
6,000

Please be sure
to install it!

9,200

10,963About
37％ ofcorporate taxis

About
41％ ofcorporate taxis

6,500

January 2014 (starting point)

July 2014

March 2015

March 2016

As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

5

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
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Promoting digitalization and active IT use toprovide better services.
Eﬃciency in vehicles dispatched by radio
SECTION

Eﬀects brought upon by the introduction of digital systems

01

For the Tokyo
Olympics /Paralympics

Shortened average reception time for dispatch (example by Wireless Group A)

70 seconds to 27 seconds by switching from analog radio to digital radio*time shortened by about 60%

Number of analog radio units
Number of digital radio units■ The spread of digital radio ■（Units）

40,00035,00030,0009,710

33,138

2,728

813

565

21,675

21,827

259

179

97

23,39123.89724.03531,93833,487

24,51523,59810,00024,46723,992

18,486
14,028

5,000
0

5,890

17,33524,85320,00015,0006,367

13,92225,000

8,089
1,861

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
As of March 31, 2016, according to the Kanto Wireless Association■ Number of radio dispatches ■（Number of dispatches）

14,500,000
14,000,000
13,500,000

14,429,849
Number of dispatches
13,573,530

13,000,000
12,500,000

12,593,558

12,000,000
11,500,000

11,648,746

11,000,000
10,500,000

10,175,534

10,000,000

9,901,723
9,555,058

10,530,385

9,500,000
9,000,000

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

As of February 29, 2016, according to the Kanto Wireless Association

Acceptance of credit cards, electronic money, etc.
In addition to accepting conventional forms of payment such as cash, tickets, or
coupons; the acceptance of credit cards, IC cards, electronic money, etc. to conformto the diversiﬁcation in methods of payment is making payment cashless and fast.
The cost of installing systems for this is about thirty-thousand yen per vehicle but
the number of vehicles that have them is rising each year.

Credit card system installed: 91%
Electronic money system installed: 64%(from a survey of corporate taxis, as of March 31, 2015)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

601

SECTION

For the Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics

Access to the airport at reasonable fares.
Operation of ﬁxed-fare taxis
Implementation of the Haneda Airport ﬁxed fare system
A ﬁxed fare system for rides between Haneda Airport and various
locations in Tokyo was introduced with the collaboration of theInternational Terminal as of October 21, 2010. This system allows theoﬀering of services with fares 10 to 30% lower than those indicatedon the meters and without the need to worry about fares going up
due to conditions such as traﬃc congestions.
There are also ﬁxed fares to Haneda Airport and Tokyo Disney Resort.
Each vehicle also has a point-and-speak phrase guide in English, Korean,
and Chinese to help smoothening communication with visitors fromabroad.
The “Fixed Fares to Haneda Airport” page on theTokyo Hire-Taxi Association website

羽田空港 定額運賃

http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/teigaku/
要ご予約

羽田空港までご利用の場合は、ご利用１時間前 までにお申し込みください。
【 ご予約は 各タクシー会社 または 無線配車センター へ。】

Fixed fares that are low even on a global scale
The ﬁxed fares to and from the airport are low even on an international
scale. There are no such fare settings in London (with fares being 1.5
to 2 times higher on the meters than those in Tokyo), making them
about equal to the fares in New York.
Fixed Fares from / to Haneda Airportዻ஫ఋલጃႜྵဪၭ
㲘㝥⫒⒉⤨⛊➱㱫

羽田空港定額運賃羽田空港⇔下記ゾーンは、
定額運賃＋有料道路利用料でタクシ−をご利用いただけます。
英Taxi fares for the routes between Haneda Airport and the zones below are ﬁxed fares + fees for toll roads.

韓ዻ஫ఋલጃȀྤ೭ხ࿦ၔႜྵဪၭ˃၉ഭ౅ചၦဧഭചሳགྷ൐ၦဧዻཇ༘ၰཀఁఋ

中㲘㝥⫒⒉㲓㥲⼜㎸㲚㺐⭺ᱨ⒳㾘ⓞ㾂⒝㩖㮔⡔⤨⛊➱㱫⭩㗏➱⤇⿁㖳㱫➱ᮣ

国際線ターミナル／国内線ターミナル
International Terminal / Domestic Terminal

定額運賃表૑႞໓ሽු஢ˇ૑ஏ໓ሽු஢

Fixed Fare Chart⥖⭠㦏⧗㷢⾯ᱫ⥖ㅠ㦏⧗㷢⾯ႜྵဪၭዑ

⤨⛊➱㱫⍙

適用ゾーン Service Zone ႕ဧხ࿦ 㗄㱫㎸㲚
日本語

江戸川区
台東区
墨田区

ዽ૑࿌（韓国語）㺲⥖㲗（中国語）

Edogawa-ku ࿝౅ਜ਼ဉૐⰁ⩿╎㎸

English（英語）Taito-kuఋၦቔૐ

Sumida-ku

༺ුఋૐ

㜞⛍㎸
ㄱ㝥㎸

文京区

Bunkyo-ku

ึᇾૐ

㢶ⲻ㎸

千代田区

Chiyoda-ku

ხဠఋૐ

㍧■㝥㎸

新宿区

Shinjuku-ku

ཅ჎ᇿૐ

㨰㚖㎸

渋谷区

Shibuya-ku

གྷิ྽ૐ

㓨⤤㎸

足立区

Adachi-ku

ྤఋᆳૐ

㾃⻮㎸

葛飾区

Katsushika-ku ਜ਼ᆫགྷᆽૐ

⢎㗈㎸

荒川区

Arakawa-ku ྤೡᆽဉૐ

⪜╎㎸

北区

Kita-ku

ૺረૐ

⌝㎸

豊島区

Toshima-ku

౅གྷൠૐ

⟁☞㎸

中野区

Nakano-ku

୾ᆽிૐ

㺲㮚㎸

杉並区

Suginami-ku ༺ૺ୾ුૐ

㓸⏌㎸

世田谷区

Setagaya-ku ໞረਜ਼྽ૐ

㖺㝥⤤㎸
⊓㎅㎸

Itabashi-ku

ၦረ෡གྷૐ

練馬区

Nerima-ku

஫൘ൠૐ

⼃⿷㎸

武蔵野市

Musashino-shi ඳຫགྷிགྷ

㣖␂㮚㗊

三鷹市

Mitaka-shi

㑻㱍㗊

板橋区

ුረᆽགྷ

深夜早朝割増適用定額運賃

障害者割引適用定額運賃

Fixed Fare
ႜྵဪၭ
⤨⛊➱㱫

Fixed fare applicable to late night and early morning premiums྽੝ႮႮዾჭ႕ဧႜྵဪၭ
㗄㱫㲂㔪㮣ᮢ㵍⒧➱㱫⭩㗏☨⤨⛊➱㱫

Fixed fare applicable to discounts for the disabledၿྴၨዾၨ႕ဧႜྵဪၭ
㗄㱫㲂⏺⭈㑉㱭⪵☨⤨⛊➱㱫

Fixed fare applicable to late night /early morning premiums and discounts for the disabled྽੝ႮႮዾჭෟၿྴၨዾၨ႕ဧႜྵဪၭ
㗄㱫㲂㔪㮣ᮢ㵍⒧➱㱫⭩㗏⭆⏺⭈㑉㱭⪵☨⤨⛊➱㱫¥6,700¥6,900¥6,800¥7,000¥5,600¥6,800¥6,400¥8,500¥8,700¥7,900¥8,400¥8,500¥7,500¥8,200¥6,600¥9,400¥9,800¥10,700¥10,200¥8,000¥8,200¥8,200¥8,300¥6,800¥8,200¥7,600¥10,000¥10,200¥9,400¥9,900¥10,100¥9,000¥9,700¥8,000¥11,100¥11,600¥12,600¥12,000¥6,000¥6,200¥6,100¥6,300¥5,000¥6,100¥5,700¥7,600¥7,800¥7,100¥7,500¥7,600¥6,700¥7,300¥5,900¥8,400¥8,800¥9,600¥9,100¥7,200¥7,300¥7,300¥7,400¥6,100¥7,300¥6,800¥9,000¥9,100¥8,400¥8,900¥9,000¥8,100¥8,700¥7,200¥9,900¥10,400¥11,300¥10,800

午後10時〜午前5時にご利用いただいた場合は、深夜早朝割増適用定額運賃となります。

7＊ 深夜早朝割増及び障害者割引適用定額運賃＊

定額運賃＊障害者手帳（身体・知的・精神）の交付を受けている方がご利用の場合は、障害者手帳のご提示により障害者割引制度が適用されます。
*Persons with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certiﬁcates are eligible for discounts for the disabled upon presentation of their certiﬁcates.

英Fixed fares applicable to late night and early morning premiums are charged for rides between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.

英韓࿼ፎགྷfྤᆹགྷຫၦ࿝ၦဧዻཇઠဨ྽੝ႮႮዾჭ႕ဧႜྵဪၭၦ႕ဧ౛ఁఋ

韓 ＊ၿྴၨ༘ᅬˀཅᅰხ႕ႜཅˁຫဧၴਜ਼ၦဧዻཇઠဨၿྴၨ༘ᅬၕ႞གྷዻඓၿྴၨዾၨ႞౅ਜ਼႕ဧ౛ఁఋ

中╹㮣⹽♇☡㵍⒧♇⒳㾘㖫ᱨ㗄㱫㲂㔪㮣ᮢ㵍⒧➱㱫⭩㗏☨⤨⛊➱㱫ᮣ中 ＊⏺⭈㑉㺆⮔ᱤ㔩㝛ᮢ㺩⻲ᮢⲽ㔭ᱥⒾ㱸㸃⒳㾘㖫ᱨⓞ㖸⏺⭈㑉㺆⮔⨍⶙㦝㗖⏺⭈㑉㱭⪵㺨⛪ᮣ

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

特別区・武三版
使用開始日：平成27年3月8日

Access routes of ﬁ xed-faretaxis can be searched on the
Haneda Airport Terminal web
portal.

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

Services evaluated highly on an international
level.
The taxi services in Tokyo are the best in the world
SECTION

The Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics bid speech
When giving a presentation to the IOC bidding to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo,
Christel Takigawa stated that the taxi services in Japan are ranked the highest in the world.

01

For the Tokyo
Olympics /Paralympics【Partial extract of the original document】
A recent study on seventy-ﬁve thousand people who travel around the world showed thatTokyo is the safest city in the world. The same study showed that Tokyo ranked No. 1 inits public transportation system, cleanliness of the streets, and kindness of its taxi
drivers as well.
●How kind were the taxi drivers?

●What is your overall assessment of thetaxi services there?

Tokyo (Japan)

7.71

Tokyo (Japan)

8.18

Cancun (Mexico)

7.69

Singapore

8.12

Singapore

7.58

Dubai (United Arab Emirates)

7.84

Punta Cana (Dominican Republic)

7.46

Dublin (Ireland)

7.70

Dublin (Ireland)

7.45

London (England)

7.61

Source: Results of the 2012 TripAdvisor survey on cities of the world by tourists

Sending messages out to the world
http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/
PR activities are being carried out such as through websites in English for sending out
information overseas and throughout the world, and through the English version of “Tokyoʼs
Taxis” in PDF ﬁles available on the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association website.

TOP > :HOFRPHWR7RN\R

7RN\RZKLFKZLOOKRVWWKH2O\PSLFVIRUWKHVHFRQGWLPH
Tokyo has been selected to host the 2020 summer Olympics and Paralympics.
As one of the public transportation agencies serving the city, we at the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
sincerely welcome everyone who visits Tokyo.
Thank you for using Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association.

Christel Takigawa, the bid ambassador who gave the final presentation to the International Olympic
Committee, which selected Tokyo to host the 2020 Summer Games, cited the attentive hospitalityof the Japanese people. As one example, she said that the kindness of Tokyo taxi drivers had been
rated No.1 in the world. This estimation is due to the high scores visitors from around the world
gave to Tokyo's taxis compared with those of other cities in countries around the world.

In 2012, taxis reached their 100th anniversary in Japan. The
first taxi company in the country began operations in 1912 in
Yurakucho, Tokyo, equipping six Model T Fords with faremeters.

In 1964, when hosting the Tokyo Olympics (for the first time), Tokyo received the feedback,"Japanese taxi drivers are completely dedicated", as well as a letter of thanks from the International
Olympic Committee to this association.

During this 100-year period there were many problems,
including an oil crisis, a drawn-out recession and deregulation,
but we overcame these obstacles and reached this milestone
is thanks to all of you who patronized taxis over the years.
Again, thank you.

2IIHULQJEHWWHUVHUYLFHWRFXVWRPHUVIURPDURXQGWKHZRUOG

And in April 2013, it was decided that we, the Corporation
Tokyo Taxicab Association, as part of public-service corporation reform, would become a generalincorporated association, change our name to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (THTA), and get a
fresh start.
The situation the industry finds itself in remains severe, but Tokyo's taxis, as a form of public
transportation, will continue working to be safe and secure, serve our customers and earn theirappreciation. We humbly ask your understanding and support.

Ichiro Kawanabe
President
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

English page

The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association will continue promoting and strengthening policies including thefollowing as the Olympics and Paralympics approach.
The Haneda Airport Fixed Fare System and the Narita Airport Fixed Fare System, which offereasy-to-understand fares between airports and various parts of Tokyo.
The introduction of universal design taxis, which are easy for the elderly and people inwheelchairs to board, and driver training to further improve customer service.
Tokyo sightseeing taxis, whose certified drivers guide passengers around the city, thedevelopment of a multilingual guidance system that uses IT, and more.
Every driver is endeavoring to improve his hospitality and provide even better service to visitors toTokyo from around the world, not to mention to everyone in Japan. By all means, please use Tokyo
taxis.

Welcome to Tokyo! page

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

8SECTION

02 An overview of the taxi industry
Assuming an essential role in city life, only
made possible with door-to-door services.

Number of carried passengers, classiﬁed by transportation facility
Other public transport facilities share the responsibility of transporting passengers only within
speciﬁc time frames (from ﬁrst departures until last stops) from one designated location toanother, but taxis are available twenty-four hours a day, with door-to-door services that meet theneeds of individual passengers and play an essential role in city life.

Nationwide

14,079million people

1,640
million people

8,963(4.5 million people
per day)(5.6%)

million people

Taxis

JR

4,437

(390 million people
per day)(48.4%)

million people(120 million people
per day)(15.2%)(25 million people
per day)(30.8%)

Private railways

BussesTotal number of carried passengers nationwide:

29,119 million people (100%)
Source: Traﬃc Economy Statistics Directory (Institution for Transport Policy Studies, 2015)

Tokyo

1,407

367

million people

458

1,302

(3.9 million people million people
1,120
million people(3.6 million people
per day)
millionpeople(1 million people
per day)(30.1%)(3.1 million people
per day)(27.9%)
per day)(7.9%)(24.0%)Taxis

JR

SubwayPrivate railways

million people(1.3 million people
per day)(9.7%)

2
million people(50 thousand people
per day)(0.4%)

BussesStreetcars

Total number of non-periodic carried passengers in the special wards of Tokyo:

4,674 million people (100%)
Source: Annual Report on Urban Transportation (Institution for Transport Policy Studies, 2016)

9T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I C A B S
I N TO K YO
2 016

Total number of taxis
nationwide (2014)

Total number of taxis in Tokyo (2015)

238,606

30,91348,488(20.3% of total nationwide)

13,93720.3％

SECTION

3,638

Corporate taxis

Private taxis

02

An overview
of the taxi
industry

Hired taxis

Transitions in the total number of taxis nationwide(by ten thousand)

28
273,181 273,740

27
26

273,529
271,327

270,703
267,141
256,403
255,984

257,780

256,403

265,431

263,282

259,033
257,088 256,343

251,466

25

246,322
243,24724

240,853
238,606

23

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Transitions in the number of corporate taxis in Tokyo(by thousand)

40

37,671 37,095
36,74335,61935,27135

33,28831,38430

28,63228,43430,371
31,24329,192

34,44432,18931,80632,59631,31430,92431,09230,91330,90725
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
As of March 31, 2016, according to the Kanto District Transport Bureau

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

10SECTION

02

An overview of the taxi industry

Meeting regional transportation needs inﬁve zones.
Taxi zones and number of vehicles

Nishitamatransportation area

Kitatamatransportation area

Special zones /Busan transportation area

8 companies

40 companies

343 companies

Corporate taxis

209

Corporate taxis
Private taxis

1,748
165

Corporate taxis

27,657
3,638
31,296

Hired taxis
Total

13,501

Private taxis●Hikawa●Ome●Ikebukuro●Itsukaichi●Tachikawa●Shinjuku●Tokyo●Hachioji●Shinagawa●Machida

OshimaNiijimaMinamitamatransportation area
25 companies
Corporate taxis
Private taxis

Miyakejima

Islands District

1,231
271

Hachijojima

36 companies
Corporate taxis

68

As of March 31, 2016, according to the Kanto District Transport Bureau

11

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

A systematic 24-hour service system ofabout 2.5 people per vehicle.
The scale of corporate taxi companies
Taxi companies, which are mostly small and mid-sized, do not receive monetary aid from thegovernment like other public transportation companies do.

By scale in number of employees

By scale in capital
SECTION

301 - 1,000 people

1,001 people or more

100 million yen or less

4 companies

62 companies(1.3%)(8.3%)

100 people or less

171 companies

40 companies（29.8%）

02

An overview
of the taxi
industry

10 million yen or less50 million yen or less

115 companies
Number of employees

5 companies

32 companies(1.0%)(16.1%)

More than 100 million yen(44.2%)(10.4%)

Capital

Number of companies by scale

Number of companies by scale

386companies

386companies(100.0%)(100.0%)30 million yen or less101 - 300 people

138 companies

205 companies(35.8%)(53.1%)

As of April 1, 2014, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

The service system of corporate taxis
PM12:00
PM

0
0:0

2:0

1

AM

8:

0
8:0

0

AM

AM

9:

00

AM 10 :0 0

Shift
Shift D
D

Shift
Shift C
C

PM

12

AM

Shift
Shift F
F

:0

0

1:

AM 7 :0 0

AM 6

PM6:0024
hours

Dispatch00

Shift
Shift A
A

AM6:000

Shift
Shift EE

Shift
Shift B
B

0

7:0

0

4:0
PM

00

AM

PM

Corporate taxis use a service
system that meets the demandsof each and every passenger fromearly in the morning to late at night
all throughout the year primarily
with the vehicles driven by about
2.5 drivers each, and divided into
six shifts, namely A, B, C, D, E, and F.

:0 0
A
M

4:
8:0

3:

00

AM

AM

Ret

2:0

0

PM

0

4:0

AM

0

00

AM

*1. In addition to Shifts A to F on the right, there
are also a few vehicles that operate inadditional shift systems including Shift G(2 p.m. to 8 a.m.), Shift H (3 p.m. to 9 a.m.), andShift I (4 p.m. to 10 a.m.).

2:0

urn

0
AM 1: 0 0

:00

10

PM

AM0:00
As of 31.03.15, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

12SECTION

03 The loosening of regulations regarding entry*1

The increased number of vehicles after the loosening of regulations
Restrictions on the number of taxi were
eliminated on February 1, 2002 and the terms
and conditions that were put in place until thenwere substantially loosened as shown below.
(1) From a system of approval to a system of priornotification(2) The minimum number of vehicles that had to be
kept dropping from 60 to 10(3) From the need to own a business office andgarage to having rights to lease(4) From the need to purchase new vehicles to theright to purchase used vehicles■Entry has become extremely easy and the expenses required per
vehicle have dramatically dropped as a result of the substantial
loosening of the conditions for entry. Because it has become abusiness that anyone can enter at reasonable fees, the numberof taxis has grown signiﬁcantly in a short period of time to reach
6,087 vehicles. There is also a signiﬁcant number of companies
that started oﬀ with ten vehicles but increased their number ofvehicles due to increased management eﬃciency.
■Taxis are regulated in some form or another in terms ofcomprehensive metropolitan transport policies in most major
cities throughout the world. However, metropolitan transport
policies were ignored in Japan and principles of competition
were forced in. This led to opposite eﬀects such as the wages ofdrivers decreasing and traﬃc disturbances.

*2

Initiatives related to the recent decrease in number of vehicles

The supply-side control measures (the designation, etc. of speciﬁed special regions for monitoring) enacted
by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism through notiﬁcation on July 11, 2008
■ New entry → The minimum number of vehicles is to be increased from 10 to 40(special zones / Busan area)■ Increased number of vehicles → upgraded inspections, etc.
■ Decreased number of vehicles → exempt from inspections■ Initiatives related to the autonomous decrease of vehicles within the industry

This has led to a signiﬁcantdecrease in the number ofvehicles as of 2010.

*3

Revisions in the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxis

The “Act on the Partial Revision of Acts on Special Measures, etc. Concerning the Standardization
and Revitalization of General Passenger Vehicle Transportation Business in Speciﬁc Regions” wasenacted on January 27, 2014 (designation, etc. of speciﬁc and semi-speciﬁc regions).
General rules■ New entry: by permission■ Increasing vehicle count: by notiﬁcation■ Automatically approved fares (strict examinations for fares that fall below the minimum)Speciﬁc regions (designated by the Minister andadvisory committee of the governing council)■ New entry / increasing vehicle count: prohibited■ Enforceable supply reduction measures■ Authorized unregulated fares (orders for changes
are given if fares fall below the minimum)
Council
Antitrust law exemption
Approval

Regional planning
Business operator

Approval

Business operator plans

Period:3 years

Proposals for decreases throughbusiness methods
It is necessary for all
inside operators to getapproval for plans frombusiness operators.

Semi-speciﬁc regions(designated by the Minister)■ New entry: by approval■ Increasing vehicle count: by permission■ Authorized unregulated fares (orders for changes
are given if fares fall below the minimum)
Council
Antitrust law applied
Regional planning
Business operator

Opinions on new entry andincreasing vehicle countAuthorization

Revitalization project plans

Gathering opinions(The implementation of autonomous
demand-activated plans and supply
reduction measures) Recommendations and orders concerning
decreases through business methods(The implementation of autonomous
demand-activated plans along with supply
reduction measures) Permission for new entry / approval
for increased vehicle countOutside operator

Business operator

The government*Cancelled regardless of the designation period if it has been
conﬁrmed that there is no other reason for designation.

Period:3 years

The government*Cancelled regardless of the designated institution if it has been
conﬁrmed that there is no other reason for designation.

Designated regions Speciﬁc designated regions ◆ Mandatory measures to prevent overworked driving
Stipulations concerning the prevention of overworked driving have been(designated by notiﬁcation) (designated by notiﬁcation)
upgraded from being ministerial ordinances to being legal obligations.
By registration By registration By registration ◆ Implementing revitalization projects for business operators[training][examination][examination]
Providing stipulations that are of the same intentions as those of the
Trucking Business Act.
Nationwide

13

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I C A B S

in the taxi industry and its repercussions

I N TO K YO
2 016

Comparing frameworks that involve taxi business regulations
Relationship with P13

ー

*1

*2

*3

Enforcement of law on special measures Acts for the promotion of improved services and safe usage of
After October 2009
taxis
Loosening of
regulations
Before 2002

Entry

Loosening of
regulations
After 2002

Speciﬁc regions(speciﬁed inaccordance withfactors such as excess
supply)General rules

By licensing

By permission

By permission(licensed only within therange needed to meetdemands)(permitted if criteriasuch as safety
standards are met)

(permitted if criteriasuch as safety
standards are met)

By permission(permitted only when
there is new demand)

General rules

Semi-speciﬁcregions(speciﬁed regionsthat may have excess
supply)By permission

By permission(permitted if criteriasuch as safety
standards are met)

(permitted within therange where there is noexcess supply)Speciﬁc regions(speciﬁed regions thathave excess supply)

Permission notgrantedSECTION

By approval
Increasing
vehicle countBy approval(approved only within
the range needed tomeet demand)

By prior notiﬁcation By prior notiﬁcation(unregulated as a
general rule)(unregulated as a
general rule)

By approval

By prior notiﬁcation(approved only when
there is new demand)(unregulated as a
general rule)(- approved within therange where there is noexcess supply- approved withcompliance withlaws, managerial
eﬀorts, etc. taken into
consideration)

Authorized
unregulated faresystemFares

By approval(1) Controlling increased
vehicle counts̶

By approval

By approval

By approval

Emergency
adjustment
measures

Emergency adjustment measures(new entry and(new entry and increased number of vehicles
increased numbers of are prohibited for a speciﬁed period in regions
vehicles are prohibited
where excess supplies are found)
for a speciﬁed period inregions where excess
supply is found)

By approval̶(2) Promotion of decreased vehicle counts

Measures against excess supply

̶

̶

̶

̶

No antitrust law
exemption̶̶̶Measures forbusiness operators
not participating in
the Council→ noneThe loosening of regulations
regarding entry in the taxi
industry and its repercussions

Authorized
unregulated faresystem(- notiﬁcations on the (- notiﬁcations on therange stipulated by the range stipulated by thegovernment / orders to government / orders tochange fares outside change fares outside
the range)
the range)̶̶Participation in theCouncil
Participation in the
Efforts by businessCouncil
operators
Initiatives bybusiness operators (- mandatory decrease

Participation in theCouncilEfforts by business
operators(autonomously
developing demand,for instance bydecreasing the numberof vehicles based onplans developed by theCouncil)Approval notgranted03of the number of(autonomously
vehicles based on
developing demand,
plans developed by thefor instance byCouncildecreasing the number- autonomouslyof vehicles based on
developing demandplans developed by thebased on plans
Council)developed by theCouncil)
No antitrust law

exemption

̶With antitrust law
exemption

Measures forbusiness operators
Measures for
not participating inbusiness operators
the Council
not participating in (orders to decrease
the Council
supply transportation
capacity through→ nonerestrictions on businessmethods)

Source: The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2014)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

14

SECTION

04 The current status and initiatives
Labor costs amount to 72% of all costs.
The taxi business is a labor-intensive business.

The cost structure of corporate taxis
Special zones / Busan district (30 standard companies) in 2014

Total labor costs

72.4％

Fuel and oil costs 6.7％
Vehicle repair costs 1.3％
Vehicle amortization costs 2.0％
Non-operating expenses 0.8％

Other 16.8％- Insurance premiums- Vehicle lease fees
- Imposed facility tax- Facility charges- Accident compensation fees
- Road usage fees, etc.

Cost structure transitions%

Year

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total labor
80.8 79.9 79.3 79.0 78.4 78.5 78.4 77.1 76.7 76.1 75.8 74.9 73.5 73.8 73.8 72.6 72.6 72.3 72.4
costs
Fuel andoil costs

7.1

6.8

7.3

6.7

Vehicle1.3
repair costs

1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

Vehicle1.9
amortization costs

2.0 2.0 2.0

1.6

1.8 2.0

Non-operating
0.8
expenses

0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8

Other

4.5 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.8 6.9 6.1 6.9

1.8

1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2

10.7 11.4 11.8 11.7 12.0 12.2 12.3 13.2 13.6 13.9 14.2 14.5 15.4 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.8 16.4 16.8
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

15

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I C A B S

in management

I N TO K YO
2 016

Consumer price index (special wards of Tokyo)
Index uses 1975 as 100

400

Education
350

300

Taxi
250

Healthcare
200

GeneralSECTION

Utilities
150

04

The current status
and initiatives inmanagement

100

1975

-

1985

-

1989

-

1998

-

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Source: Costs in Tokyo by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (2015)

The rise of taxi fares compared with the rising fares of other forms of public transportation
Index uses 1966 as 100

1,500

10.0times
1,000

10.7times

7.1times
4.0times

3.8times

3.8timesJR

Privaterailways

Subway

500

100

Taxis

BussesStreetcars

Source: Annual Report on Urban Transportation (Institution for Transport Policy Studies, 2016)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

16

SECTION

04

The current status and initiatives

Active eﬀorts are being made in dealing with
ﬂuctuating fuel prices and environmental measures.
The prices of fuel for taxis
LP gas prices are always unstable due to large ﬂuctuations in FOB prices and currency
exchange rates, and because half of the imports are from Saudi Arabia and other Middle
Eastern countries.
■ Shifting LPG prices ■(yen / liter)

85

83.66

82.96
80

78.78

75

71.23

70.44

70

71.85

66.71

66.30

65

66.68

60
55
50

54.80

53.97
53.75
52.99 53.51 52.53
52.09
51.5050.76

59.11

57.27
54.04

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Environmental measures
As of 1962, corporate taxis in Tokyo have been running on the environmentallyfriendly LP gas, which emits low amounts of substances such as Nox (nitrogenoxide), SPM (suspended particulate matter), and Sox (sulfur oxide). The drivers
also do their best to control air pollution by practicing “eco-driving” (fuel-eﬃcientdriving) as well as conform to idling stop driving, which is required under Tokyoʼsordinance on environmental preservation.
Active eﬀorts in business operations that generate lessenvironmental burden (under the Green Management certiﬁcation
system) have been promoted since 2004 along with theincorporation of fuel-eﬃcient and low-emission vehicles such as
hybrid, plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles.
An EV/HV taxi stand was set up in front of the Shin-Marunouchi
Building at JR Tokyo Station in October 2011.
■ Number of taxis by fuel type ■By fuel type

Plugin hybrid
LPG
converted vehicles
vehicles(*1)(PHV)

Electric
vehicles
(EV)

Clean
dieselvehiclesGasolinepowered
vehicles

Total

0

8

2

218

26,208

2

4

2

2

32

3,085

331

4

10

4

250

29,293

LPG

Hybrid(HV)Special zones / Busan district

24,781

1,199

329

Tama district

2,921

124

Total

27,702

1,323

By district(Note) *1. So-called triple hybrid vehicles, where hybrid vehicles suchas the Prius have been modiﬁ ed so that they can run on LPG.

17

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

As of April 1, 2015, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

in management

Yearly amount of tax paid per vehicle
Amount of tax paid for an LPG taxi vehicle: (standard-sized vehicle) 591,378 yen, previous year
(579,133 yen)
[National tax]
[Local tax]
Classiﬁcation● Liqueﬁed petroleum gas tax: 149,009 yen ● Petroleum and coal tax: 15,838 yen● Consumption tax: 398,983 yen● Automobile weight tax: 7,800 yen● Automobile acquisition tax: 10,248 yen● Automobile tax: 9,500 yen

Tax type

AmountBasis for calculation

Liqueﬁed
petroleumgas tax

149,009 yen

Amount of tax: 9.8 yen per liter
Annual distance: 89,100km(247.5km per day)
Retained amount: 5.86km per liter

Petroleumand coal tax

15,838 yen

Amount of tax: 1,860 yen per ton
Annual usage: 15,205 liters

Standardsized vehicle
40,992 yen

8/100 of 2,562,000 as thecost of a vehicle= 204,960 yen 5 years

Vehicletype

National tax

Consumption
tax

Fuel and oil cost
93,323 yen

6.7/100 of 47,703 in 2014transportation income= 3,196 yen 365 days 8/100

Vehicle repair cost
18,104 yen

1.3/100 of 47,703 in 2014transportation income= 620 yen 365 days 8/100

Non-operating cost
11,154 yen

0.8/100 of 47,703 in 2014transportation income= 382 yen 365 days 8/100

Other expenses
235,410 yen

16.9/100 of 47,703 in 2014transportation income= 8,062 yen 365 days 8/100

Local tax

Automobile
weight tax

7,800 yen

Automobile
acquisition
tax

Standard-sized
vehicles:
10,248 yen

Automobiletax

9,500 yen

Remarks

Gaseoushydrocarbon*1,860 yen per ton
as of April 1, 2016

SECTION04

The current status
and initiatives inmanagement

8% taxed as ofApril 1, 2014

2,600 yen per 0.5 tons

2/100 of 2,562,000 as the cost ofa vehicle= 51,240 yen 5 years
Those (for business) that exceed
1,500cc(Note) 1. Subject to consumption tax of 8% as of April 1, 2014 (3% increase)

Taxed as of April 1,
1984

As of April 1, 2016, according to the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

18

SECTION

05 The working conditions of taxi drivers
There is a roughly 3 million yen diﬀerence in average yearly income whencompared with other industries. We must make eﬀorts to improve the situation.

Comparison of income between taxi drivers and workers in other industries

by ten thousand yen

688

700

669

678

661

652
634

600

647

692

643

579

Male workers of all industries in Tokyo- average yearly income
500

496

500

496

436

428

401

400

379

365

403

392

393

348

300
259

Taxi drivers in Tokyo- average yearly income
223

200

100

77
82

88
85

0
Year
Male workers of allindustries in Tokyo

1967 1968

-

1975

-

1985

-

1989

-

1998

-

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

77

88

-

259

-

496

-

579

-

688

-

669 661 634 652 647 643 678 692

82

85

-

223

-

428

-

500

-

496

-

436 365 348 379 401 403 392 393(by ten thousand yen)Taxi drivers
in Tokyo(by ten thousand yen)

Source: Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2015)

19

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I C A B S

and future initiatives

I N TO K YO
2 016

Comparison of the estimated yearly income of automobile drivers (males, in Tokyo)
The same income as bus drivers due to a 13% increase(by a thousand yen)

All industries

6,920

7,000

Truck (large)

6,000

Taxi
5,000

3,930

4,515

Truck
(medium / small)

4,225

Bus

4,433

4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Source: Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2015)

SECTION05

The working conditionsof taxi drivers andfuture initiatives

Comparison of yearly income between taxi drivers in various countries(Estimated: Adjusted to labor hours on a Japanese level)about

6 million yen(British citizens)(by ten thousand yen)

600

The same income as N.Y. taxi drivers
due to a 20% increase

500

about
400

about

5

million yen(immigrants)

3.5 million yen about 4 million yen(immigrants)

300

200

100

0

Singapore(1 Singapore dollar = about 90 yen)

Tokyo
(yen)

New York
London(1 dollar = about 110 yen) (1 pound = about 170 yen)March 2012, inspection of Singapore by Nihon Kotsu Co., Ltd.
April 2013, inspection of New York by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
November 2014, inspection of London by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

20

SECTION

05

The working conditions of taxi

Promoting the employment of new-graduate
and female drivers.
Securing new labor power through the employment of new-graduate drivers.
The employment of new-graduate drivers
New graduates are welcome in the industry, as the average age of taxi drivers is now very
high at 58.6 years old. They can flexibly respond to diversifying needs such as sightseeing
taxis and nursing care / maternity taxis, and enhance the image of the industry as well.
Transition in the average age of corporate taxi drivers
(age)

59
58
58.4 58.6
56.8
57.9 57.9 58.2
56.4 56.7
57
56.0
57.2
55.5
56
55.0
54.5
55
53.9
54
53
52.1 52.3
51.7
5251.2 51.1
50.8
51 50.1
50
49
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

Beneﬁts for new graduates- Low turnover rate (about 10% of new graduates who become taxi
drivers leave the profession, while the rate is 30% in other industries)（ホスピタリティ：おもてなし）

フレッシュなあなた ! Hospitality な
気持ちを持ったタクシードライバーとして活躍してみませんか。
東京のタクシー業界全体で、若い人材を求めています。

東タク協キャラクター タッくん

これから就職を目指される若い皆さんは、首都・東京における タクシードライバー という職業をどのように- The income is higher than others in the same age range

捉え、どのようにイメージされているでしょうか。
公共交通機関の中で唯一、 Door to Door でお客様をお送りするタクシードライ
バーは、安全で確かな運行技術とともに、お客様との円滑なコミュニケーションや接客スキルが求められる おもてなし サービス業です。
来たる2020年の東京オリンピック・パラリンピック開催に向けて、外国語研修などスキルを高めていくさまざまな制度もあり、今後さらに多様化するお客様のニーズに応えるために、東京の法人タクシー業界全体としてフレッシュな人材を求めています。

The average monthly income in the taxi industry in 2015: about 328,000 yen
The average starting salary for new graduates in Tokyo: 209,600 yen
The average starting salary for new graduates: 202,000 yen(Source: Results of the Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare (2015))

あなたのチャレンジをお待ちしています。
一般社団法人 東京ハイヤー・タクシー協会 会長●若手ドライバーは年々増加しています
800
600

若手ドライバー数の推移（東京都特別区および武蔵野市、三鷹市地区）■：若手（30歳未満）
ドライバー数400■：若手のうち新卒ドライバー採用数の累計値

若手 502人

200
（人）0

534人

川鍋

一朗

（一社）東京ハイヤー・タクシー協会調べ

745人
491人

271人
うち新卒 99人

2013年

2014年

2015年

●ますます充実する東京のタクシーサービス（その一部をご紹介します）
スマホdeタッくん

東京観光タクシー

UDタクシー（ユニバーサルデザイン・
タクシー）

スマートフォンによる東京最大・約11,000台の配車サービスシステム。

認定ドライバーが東京各地の観光コースをご案内するサービス。

高齢の方や車いすの方、荷物の多い方などに最適
な送迎サービス。

妊婦応援タクシー

育児支援タクシー

定額タクシー

陣痛時の妊婦の方を24
時間いつでも病院へお送
りする登録型サービス。

通学や塾通い、赤ちゃんの定期検診などお子さまのための送迎サービス。

羽田空港・成田空港等と都内各地を決められた運賃で運行するサービス。

- Easy to have a work-life balance(Those with alternate-day shifts can make time for themselves with 11 to 13 working
days per month.)

Number of new-graduate drivers recruited(people)

300

172

250
200
150
100

10

14

2010

2011

31

220

280

68

50
0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Survey by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

21

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

PR ﬂiers for the hiring of
new-graduate drivers

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

drivers and future initiatives

Orientation sessions for hiring new-graduate drivers(Held on December 9 and 15, 2014)

Explanation on the employment of new graduates by business
operators with experience in this area were given to abouta hundred recruitment oﬃcers and related parties of taxi
companies.

Implementation of job-hunting support taxis
As of 2015, “job-hunting support taxis”, which provide aservice where university students who are job hunting are
given free initial fare services in order to advertise taxi
driving as a choice for employment, contribute to society, andenhance the image of the industry.
Tickets for free initial fares are distributed at JR Tokyo Station.

Comparison of monthly work hours between taxi drivers and workers in other industries
Taxi drivers in Tokyo(hours)Male workers of all industries in Tokyo

230
217

220

219

217

212

210

203
198

202 202
198

200

195
193

05

The working conditionsof taxi drivers andfuture initiatives

186

181

180

SECTION

204

205

200

190

190

170

210

209

208

200

221

178

176

177

177

177

178

178

177

177

178

178

174

177

175

176

174

173

174

173

172

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2015)

Transition in the number of taxi drivers (number of driver s certiﬁcates issued) [Men / Women]
Numbers of female drivers

Numbers of taxi drivers

80,00078,00076,0001,200

1,142※

Numbers of taxi drivers
Numbers of female drivers

1,100
1,000

74,000

900

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

0

1998

100

56,0001997

200

58,0001996

300

60,000

1995

400

62,0001994

500

64,0001993

600

66,0001992

68,0001991

68,692※ 700

1990

800

70,0001989

72,000*The number of drivers in the Tama district and Islands district increased in addition to those in the special zones and the Busan district in 2015.
As of March 31, 2016, according to the Santama Branch of the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association and the Tokyo Taxi Center

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

22

06 Safety measures

SECTION

Initiatives in safety and security are thepillar of the taxi business.
Transition in the number of accidents causing injury or death
Taxis
Accidents causing injury or death / cases(cases)

8,000
6,000
4,000

4,088 4,265
8

2,000
0

3

4,813 5,068

5,222

7,226 6,741

6

5

3

(people)6,330 6,303 6,085
6,072 6,080 5,885
5,917 5,604
5,381
5,467

9

9
7

Deaths / people

9
3

4

8
6

4

7

20
4,764 4,157

15
3,637 3,256

8
4

4

4

6

5
4

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department

On the introduction of drive recorders
Drive recorders, like ﬂight recorders for automobiles, equipped with
CCD cameras and G sensors. They are used for eﬃciency in dealing with
automobile accidents as well as for education and training on safety.

97.9% of corporate taxis have external cameras and89.3% have internal cameras.
Measures for preventing automobile accidents
Measures taken by taxis for preventing automobile accidents
In addition to holding spring & autumn traﬃc safety campaigns, safe driver contests, transportation safety
checks and overhaul inspections during the summer and year-end / New Year holiday seasons, Zero Accident
Day activities, and summer campaigns for ending all traﬃc accidents, corporate taxi companies actively
participate in the prevention of traﬃc accidents by promoting activities such as “This city and streets wherekindness runs through”, “Great campaign to prevent traﬃc accidents with all our might”, and “Proper seatbelt fastening”, as well as spring & autumn workshops for accident prevention oﬃcers, by labeling the ﬁfth
of every month “Zero Taxi Accident Day”, and distributing posters and stickers.

Tokyo Hire - Taxi Mutual Insurance Cooperative (established in April 1972)
As of March 31, 2016, business oﬃces with 173 union members, 162 oﬃces in bodily injury mutual aid associations,
132 oﬃces with 9,365 vehicles in property damage mutual aid associations, and 8,241 other vehicles are aﬃliated.
Safety education for the prevention of traﬃc accidents and a mutual aid system for traﬃc accidents (where up
to 200 million yen per person and 200 million yen per accident in beneﬁts are provided in cases where maximum
insurance coverage is exceeded) are established. Furthermore, an umbrella policy with a Cooperative package thatprovides 5 billion yen (200 million yen exemption) per accident in coverage was incorporated in April 2000.
There is also an add-on security system of workers' accident compensation insurance for occupational and nonoccupational deaths of employees as well as occupational residual disabilities in place (133 oﬃces with 21,427
people in public welfare and mutual aid businesses aﬃliated).

23

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

100TA X I C A B S
I N TO K YO
2 016

Automobile accident prevention and victim support
National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims' Aid (reorganized in 2003)
Courses on how to prevent automobile accidents are given todispatchers and aptitude tests for drivers are given throughinstitutions that are involved in the same measures.
Victims of automobile accidents are also provided withpsychological and economic support.

Courses for dispatchers, etc.
Measures to ensure the prevention of accidents are taken
through courses on dispatching duties and the laws involved
to maintain the safe operation of automobiles.

Aptitude tests and counseling for drivers
Measures are taken to prevent accidents through various diagnoses from a psychological andphysiological aspect of the driversʼ personalities, attitudes toward safe driving, cognitive andprocessing functioning, and visual functioning, as well as guidance and advice on safe driving thattake into account their personal traits.

Automobile accident victim support
Victims of automobile accidents are given both psychological and economic support such as
through payments of nursing care fees for those suﬀering from serious residual disabilities, loans
for orphans from automobile accidents, the establishment of medical centers, and the opening of
hotlines for consultations on accidents.

SECTION

06

Safetymeasures(toll-free: 0570-000738)
Transition in taking aptitude tests by drivers(people)35,00030,000
Taxis (excluding private taxis)

25,000

TrucksBusses24,92020,00015,60315,00010,000

7,320

5,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
As of March 31, 2016, according to the National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims' Aid

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

24

07 The improvement in taxi services

SECTION

Available 24 hours a day when it is time torush oﬀ to the maternity hospital.
Maternity Taxis (Support for pregnant women)
Simply by registering once, customers can be immediately taken
to the hospital when needed, 24 hours a day, 365 days a week,
without the need to give the driver directions.
About two years after this service began in 2012, about onethird of the ﬁfteen hundred taxis in Tokyo became available
for the service. About 70% of the pregnant women in Tokyo
have registered and roughly 20% have used a Maternity
Taxi when going into labor.
Number of Maternity Taxi registrations / number of dispatches during labor(people)(cases)6,500：Number of registrations：Number of dispatches
during labor

6,000

6,197

6,107

2,350

6,426
（69.7%）（67.2%）（66.2%）

6,011

6,004
（65.1%）

6,104（66.2%）（65.2%）

2,028

2,100

（21.9%）

5,503（59.6%）

5,500

5,577

5,293

5,269

（57.4%）（57.1%）

5,426（58.8%）

5,000

4,773
（51.7%）

4,769

1,502

（16.6%）（16.2%）

1,446（51.7%）

1,533

1,560

4,343
（47.1%）

4,000

1,598

（51.7%）（15.1%）

1,286（13.9%）

1,826

1,600

4,769

1,394

（15.6%）

5,269（57.1%） （19.8%）（18.4%）

1,443（15.4%）（15.1%）（21.3%）

1,703（17.3%）

1,423

4,500 1,394

1,964

1,602
（17.3%）（16.9%）（15.6%）

5,293 1,850（57.4%）（60.4%）

1,502
1,423

（16,2%）（15.4%）

1,350*Number of deliveries in Tokyo in 2014 (per month)：9,219 people

2015
2014
Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun.

2016
Jul. Aug. sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

1,100

Reference: Table of radio taxi dispatches, by the Kanto Automobile Wireless Association
Outline of the annual population survey report of 2014 (determined number)Feel safe when your child is beingtransported because you know the driver.
Kids taxis (Childcare support)
Your child, even if alone, can take a taxi with a deferredpayment system driven by an elite driver in charge of kids whomthey are familiar with. It is a popular service that is mostly used fortravelling to and from home and school / cram school.
Passengers with newborns or infants can also relax without having
the need to worry about their surroundings.

25

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I C A B S
I N TO K YO
2 016

Kosodate Taxis
Support by the National Kosodate Taxi Association throughtransportation for households raising children. Convenient taxi services
for children, their guardians, and pregnant women, where drivers who
have received training from the National Kosodate Taxi Association
provide support to customers accompanying small children or large
amounts of luggage, take the place of guardians to pick up children
from preschools, after-school daycare centers, or cram schools, orprovide smooth transportation for pregnant women in labor.
Prefectures with registered Child Raising Taxis services

Unregistered

38％

Registered62％
29 prefectures

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2015)

Number of registered Child Raising Taxi drivers in Japan(people)

1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0

24
2005

215
2006

407

2007

675

2008

915

2009

1,101

1,274

1,450

1,777
1,643 1,700 people
SECTION

07

The
improvement intaxi services

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2015)

Number of registered Child Raising Taxi companies in Japan(companies)

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

127

142

146

139
134 companies

2012

2013

2014

97
40

48

55

2007

2008

68

8
2005

2006

2009

2010

2011

2015

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2015)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

26

SECTION07

The improvement in taxi services

Certiﬁed drivers can guide you through Tokyoand major tourist sites in nearby prefectures.
Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi
As part of the measures to revitalize taxi services, the Tokyo
Sightseeing Taxi Promotion Association, which consists of experts
on tourism, administrative agencies, related organizations,and others in the taxi industry, was established in 2012 alongwith a certiﬁcation system. Those who have completed three
examinations and a course become certiﬁed Tokyo sightseeing
taxi drivers. These drivers, who have attained special tourism skills,
can oﬀer Tokyo sightseeing taxi services.

Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi webpage

http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/kanko̲taxi/
Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi Promotion Association

Experts on
tourism

RelatedOrganizations

Administrative
Agencies

Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association
Taxi revitalization
project team (andexecutive oﬃce)

Institution-building / Exchanges of Opinions

Certiﬁcation for Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
Tokyo city guide screening
Implementing organization:
the Tokyo Convention &Visitors Bureau

Universal Driver training
Researching organization:
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association,etc.
Coursetaken

Pass

Tokyo sightseeing taxi driver certification training

Training
complete

Tokyo sightseeing taxi driver

27

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

Transition in the number of certiﬁed Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
The number of certiﬁed drivers is growing and the goal is to have three thousand certiﬁed
Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers by 2020.
Under this system, drivers renew their certiﬁcation every two years. Those who wish to continue
their taxi operations must receive training again as a follow-up.
(people) (total sum)

1,610

2,000

1,141

1,600
1,200
800
400
0

1,835

99
2012

468
2013

2014

2015

2016

As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Beneﬁts for Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers are recommended to stay by their passengers and play the multiple
roles of tour guide, photographer, and helper. We have received preferential treatment throughthe contents below by presenting our logo magnets and certiﬁcates, and hope to further expand
our activities in the future.
Tokyo Tower
Free access to parking areas (drivers only)
Tokyo Skytree
1 hour of free parking (except on special holidays such as back-to-back holidays of three daysor more)The Imperial Palace
Exclusive parking space for sightseeing taxis at ¥300
obtained(until now limited to sightseeing busses)
The Metropolitan Government Building
Access to a priority parking area. The parking space canbe used for up to one hour.
The Edo-Tokyo Museum
Free access to regular exhibitions (drivers only)
Discounted fee (¥500 yen / hr.)

SECTION

07

The
improvement intaxi services

Long-distance Tokyo sightseeing taxis
The need for long-distance trips has increased with the registration of places such as Mount
Fuji and the Tomioka Silk Mill as World Heritage sites. By setting courses in a system that isconvenient for customers, they can now easily take advantage of this opportunity with Tokyo
sightseeing taxis.
[Examples of set routes]
Tokyo to Fuji-Hakone
Tokyo to the Tomioka Silk Mill / Kusatsu Hot Springs
Tokyo to the Gotemba Premium Outlets:¥55,000 (fare)(* Guide fees, parking fees, etc. not included)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

28

SECTION07

The improvement in taxi services

For active communication with passengers.
Public relations activities
WebsiteTOP >723!



http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp



For the general public with the latest
information on issues such as thecurrent state of the taxi industry andrecent taxi services, as well as CSR
activities.





8'

GH

GH



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03 3648-0300





102-0074GH 

TEL 03 3264-8080
FAX 03 3221-7665

Top page in Japanese

Association outline& Access page





Taxi services,
CSR activities, etc. page

Questionnaire surveys
Questionnaire surveys are conducted every year to see how the general public views taxis andto receive feedback and comments. Ten thousand surveys were distributed to radio taxi users
at major taxi stands in Tokyo from July 27 to July 31 in 2015 and the results are being used to
improve services.

Q1

Q2

No answer

No answer

0.2%

0.2%

More than
10 times

14.0%
How many times
a month do you takea taxi?

About 4 to
10 times

About 1 to
3 times

52.5%

33.3%

Q3

New services

1.0%

No answer

0.2%

Freedom of choice

12.7%
What do you thinktaxi companies should
focus on?

Manners
Safety

33.0%

24.9%
Geographicalknowledge

The vehicles

2.1%

29

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

They areinexpensive

26.1%

They areexpensive

How do you see
current taxi fares
when consideringthat the service isdoor-to-door?

Q4

3.8%

21.1%
They are reasonable

74.9%

Support Services

11.5%Childcare support

5.0%

No answer

0.1%

Sightseeing
taxis

11.3%
Taxi business
operators are
Support for
implementing newServices by
pregnant
smartphone
ways to improve
women 9.1%
18.6%
the oﬀering of safe,
UD taxis
Fixed
secure, and high10.8%
fares
EV/HV
quality services. Are
19.0%
taxis
there any services
14.6%
that you know of or
have used?

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

Please take advantage of the various discountsystems and available services.
Discount system for the disabled
There are discounts for the handicapped as well as 10% discounts on fares shown on the meters
for people with intellectual disabilities.

The use of Braille stickers
Braille stickers including company names and vehicle numbers are stuck inside taxis as a service
for the visually impaired.

Discounts for long-distance rides
Discounts are available for passengers who take long-distance rides.

Non-smoking taxis
Smoking is prohibited in all taxis in order to prevent health hazards and oﬀer
pleasant rides.

SECTION

07

The
improvement intaxi services

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

30

SECTION07

The improvement in taxi services

Increased eﬀorts in improving services,
together with the Tokyo Taxi Center.
Implementation of the taxi driver registration system
Examinations on safe transportation, convenience, education and guidance on customer service
are given to drivers to improve driver quality. Those who pass are issued a driverʼs certiﬁcate.
There are certiﬁcates for private taxi drivers as well.
■ Transitions in the number of registered taxi drivers ■PrivateCorporate(people)120,000
100,000

99,112100.0%

99,383100.0%

98,834100.0%

102,929 105,087 103,251
98,973 100,058 100,720 100,404 100,721 101,481 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 98,870
100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0%

94,046100.0%

90,216100.0%

87,838100.0%

85,517100.0%

80,00060,00080,13880.9%80,60581.1%

79,99280.9%

80,25381.1%

81,431
81.4%

82,18681.6%

82,136
81.8%

82,63482.0%

83,68682.5%

85,42583.0%

88,106
83.8%

86,893
84.2%

83,15584.1%

78,90783.9%

75,63883.8%

73,82284.0%

71,97784.2%

18,97419.1%

18,77818.9%

18,842
19.1%

18,72018.9%

18,627
18.6%

18,53418.4%

18,26818.2%

18,08718.0%

17,79517.5%

17,50417.0%

16,981
16.2%

16,35815.8%

15,71515.9%

15,13916.1%

14,57816.2%

14,01616.0%

13,54015.8%

40,00020,00001999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center■ Transitions in pass rates for examinations on safe transportation and convenience for customers ■
（%）

100

91.3

Pass rates on exams concerning laws, safety,
and customer satisfaction in the taxi industry*

80
60.3

62.1

60.0

60

49.5
48.3

40

45.5

48.0
42.0
35.9

38.0

41.5

52.3

54.1

51.5

51.6

53.1

52.7

43.6

Pass rates on exams concerning geographicalknowledge of designated regions in Tokyo

20
0

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
*Examinations on laws, safety, and customer satisfaction in the taxi industry have been implemented since October 2015.
As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

Guidance and training for taxi drivers
Instructions for the prevention of and taking corrective measuresagainst taxi drivers who violate the Road Transportation Act such as
through unjust refusal of passengers, the overcharging of fares, and theunauthorized tampering of meters are given, as well as training for new
drivers based on Article 36, Part 2 of the transportation regulations.

31

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Training for Universal
Drivers in progress

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

Taking and responding to complaints about taxi services
Complaints about taxi services can be properly handled by the taxi company (stated on thereceipt) the passenger is riding with, through a Center phone line at 03-3648-0300, or throughthe Centerʼs website.

Eﬃcient taxi stand operations
There are currently 321 taxi stands in Tokyo.
There are "Excellent Service Taxi" stands in sixteen locations of twelve districts, and they are
increasing in number so that further improvements in taxi services can be provided.

Year1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

General
stand

481

396

352

246

239

232

227

226

235

232

231

235

232

236

236

228

231

Roofed
stand

97

94

93

89

87

85

87

84

86

86

85

85

85

84

83

86

90

As of March 31, 2016, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

Taxi evaluation system

Sign of excellence

How the signs of
excellence are presented

The taxi evaluation system started on April 1, 2013 in order to contributeto enhancing taxi convenience and services by oﬀering ﬁner taxi services
upon reviewing evaluation standards in 2011, which was ten years after
the rank evaluation system was introduced in 2001. The cases of guidanceand complaints handled by the Center, information concerning service tocustomers and safety, managerial aspects, and driver quality are evaluatedfrom the viewpoint of customer service, safety and operational control,and business attitude. Upon evaluations in 2012, the indications on taxi
vehicles have become simple and easy to understand for passengers,
with stickers indicating AA and A ranked taxis being uniﬁed as “Excellent
Service Taxis”.
These signs of excellence are stuck on the windshields above thedashboards so that they can easily be seen from the fronts of thevehicles.

SECTION

07

The
improvement intaxi services

Commendation system
Excellent drivers have been commended every year since 1977, with 28,991
people having received awards over the past 39 years. There are currently
10,107 drivers operating who possess an excellent driver award. Those whoare commended are veteran drivers with ﬁve or more years of experience,no violations, and who serve their passengers well. Excellent corporate
business operators have also been commended since 1984.

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

32

08 The current status of the taxi

SECTION

Taxi services in Tokyo can be enjoyed at fares that are average on aninternational level and the industry here is fairly easy to take part in.
International comparison of taxi fares (Tokyo, New York, London)
The fares in Tokyo (no tips necessary) can be said to be average for a major international city.

Tokyo

New York

London1 dollar = 108 yen

Base distances

Initial fares

Added distance

Added fares

Remarks

2km

¥730

280m

¥90

―

1miles$2.5(¥270)

1miles$2(¥216)(1,600m)

247.8m￡2.6(¥403)(1,600m)

123.9m(if the distancetravelled exceeds
9656.1 meters,
there is a charge
every additional
88.5 meters)

20％ tips
0.5-dollar
tax per ride

￡0.2
(¥31)

10％ tips

1 pound = 155 yen (as of April, 2016)

(yen)

1,400
Japan
New York (with tips)
London (with tips)

1,200

LondonMore expensive than Tokyo at about 1.2km

1,000

800

600

400

Tokyo
¥730 initial charge for the ﬁrst two kilometers

200

0

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500（m）*Figures are from the distance-based fare systems of Tokyo / New York / London (Tariﬀ 1) (as of April 2016).

33

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I C A B S

industry in other countries

I N TO K YO
2 016

Taxi business regulations in other countries
There are also regulations on the taxi business in other countries, but entry is relatively
easy in Tokyo.

Regulatory
authority

London

New York

SingaporeTokyo

LondonTfL

New York
TLC

Department of Motor Vehicles
LTA(Transport for London)(Taxi and Limousine Commission)(Land Transport Authority)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism
Too much diversity in thetargeted areas.

Regulations
on entry

No regulations
Some regulations
No regulations
Entry is difficult because of the However, 800 vehicles and 6,000
However, the “Knowledge”“Medallion” business licenses, million yen or more in capital inlicense, which takes 44 months
three years are required.
which cost about 100 million yen
to acquire, is needed.
(including rights to 6 million yen COE
per vehicle.
vehicles)Fareregulations

Some (unified fares)

Some (unified fares)

Some (unified fares)

Some regulations(Specific / semi-specific regions)However, entry is easy as only
a minimum of 10 vehicles isrequired.
Business licenses are about
6 million yen per vehicle.
Some (unregulated fares)

Japan (law on special measures)
UnitedStates(New York)

Supply anddemandadjustments

Some

EnglandFrance(London)(Paris)

None

Some

Germany

Some

Sweden

None

South
Korea

Some

General
rules

None

Semi-specificregions

Specific
regions(Period: 3
years)(Period: 3
years)None

None

Regulations on entry

By permission
By permission
By licensing(with a driverʼs
license systemthat requires
three years to
obtain)By licensing

By licensing

By permission

By licensing(- Not permitted
as a general rule.
- However,
Permission not
By permission permission is
grantedgranted within
the range where
there is noexcess supply.)

Regulations on vehicle count(increasing vehicle count)

SECTION

Regulations on
total countBy approval(Limits are set
̶
on total number (However, thereof vehicles and are regulations
when there ison total countnew demand depending on theand auctions incity.)
equivalence tothe new demand
are held.)

Fare regulations

Authorized
unified faresystem(Determinedby the New
York City Taxiand Limousine
Commission.)

By licensing(Set limits on
total vehicle
counts.)By licensing

Authorized
unified faresystemAuthorized
unified faresystem(Fares by local
municipality(Determined by
are determined
Transport forupon the setting
London.)of limits by thegovernment.)(Fares are set
in accordancewith laws andregulations
by stategovernments.)

Authorized
unified faresystem(- Not approved
as a general rule.
By prior(Approved only
- However,Approval not
notification
within the range
approval is
granted(Unregulated asneeded to meet
granted withina general rule.)
demand.)the range where
there is noexcess supply.)

By approval̶Authorized
unregulated
fare system(- Notifications
on the range(Fares must be stipulated by local
indicated onmunicipalities
vehicles.)- orders tochange fares
outside the rangeor the impositionof fines)

Authorized
unregulated
fare system

Unregulated

By approval

08

The current statusof the taxi industry
in other countries

Authorized
unregulated
fare system(- Notifications (- Notifications
on the range
on the range
stipulated by the stipulated by thegovernment
government- orders to- orders tochange fareschange fares
outside theoutside therange)
range)

Sources: Research report on transportation in major countries, etc. by the International Policy Planning Unit of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

34

SECTION08

The current status of the taxi

Inspection report ❶Taxis in New York

Number of vehicles and the market
The taxis in New York, often called “yellow cabs”, are diﬀerent fromthe taxis in Tokyo in that business is limited to street hails.
They cannot be dispatched by radio, they are limited to central Manhattan,
and the size of that zone is about the same as Minato Ward, Chuo Ward,yellow cabs
and Chiyoda Wardʼs areas combined.
In addition to yellow cabs, there are for-hire taxis such as “black cars”, “luxury limousines”, and “liverycabs”. It is a comparatively dispersed market as there are many private business operators and thelargest companies in both Tokyo and New York have only 10% market shares.
New York City 100％ ＝ 57,252 vehicles
Taxis : 13,237 vehicles

Tokyo (special zones /Busan transportation area)
100％ ＝ 48,154 vehicles
Taxis: 44,305 vehicles
Hired taxis：3,849 vehicles

Daiwa Motor
Transportation̲5％(street hails only / central Manhattan only)Black : 9,020 vehicles(street hails prohibited / mainly corporate)
Luxury: 6,021 vehicles(street hails prohibited / special uses such as for hotels)
Livery : 26,021 vehicles(street hails prohibited / northern & suburban Manhattan)
Other : 2,953 vehicles(December 2012, TLC Annual Report)

Teito Motor
Transportation̲2％

Other̲5％(March 2011)
Kokusai
Motorcars G̲6％
Nihon Kotsu G̲7％
Hired̲8％
Private taxis
̲34％

Tokyo Musen
Cooperative̲9％

Taxis (corporate)
̲8％
Livery̲45％

Taxis (agents)̲8％

Other
companies
̲13％

Checker Cab G̲9％
Toto Motors G̲3％Black̲16％

Green Cab̲2％

Hinomaru G̲2％

Luxury̲11％

Taxis (private)̲8％

Source: Inspection report of taxis in New York by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2013)

About regulations
The hired taxi regulations in New York are diﬀerent from those in Tokyo in that they are enforced on amunicipal level while the regulations in Tokyo are enforced on a national level. The regulations are determined in
two steps. The ﬁrst is through city council meetings (based on recommendations from the committee of public
transportation). The other is through decisions by the TLC (New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission),
which is the regulatory authority. The TLC is the dominant regulatory authority in the United States as it is
the largest and most powerful one, and it has control over every party involved in the taxi business.
The TLCʼs stance on regulations is more about active control and the tightening of regulations
rather than on the loosening of regulations. It tries
to meet the needs of the cityʼs residents and take active
control of detailed regulations while enforcing measures
such as tightening regulations on street hail taxis (livery)of the ﬁve outer boroughs, the common dispatchingof wheelchair-accessible vehicles, on-board credit cardtransaction systems and GPS driving control systems,
and joint purchases of next-generation vehicles. Supply
and demand adjustments are regulated through theissuing of “Medallion” business licenses, which cost
about 100 million yen (as of April 2013) per vehicle.
Each vehicle can be strictly regulated with the numberof these medallions that are issued to yellow cabs, livery
cabs, etc.
Medallion graph (transitions in value)

35

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

industry in other countries

On fares
When riding a yellow cab, you will see that the diﬀerences in New Yorkʼs fares and Tokyoʼsfares are not that great when factoring in the weakening of the yen and tips. Tokyoʼs fares
seeming high may be due largely in part to how they are perceived by tourists because the initial
fares are high, taxi zones are large, and Narita Airport is far.
The fare from JFK Airport to Manhattan is Rate Code 2, which is a ﬁxed fare of 5,200 yen (in April2013) plus a highway toll and additional state tax, and not Rate Code 1, which is a New York City
taxi fare.
Factors such as subway fares, inﬂation rates, driversʼ costs, insurance and gasoline costs, andcorporate earning rates are taken into consideration when the standards for increasing taxi rates
are examined by the TLC.
Taxi rate comparison chart(where 1 dollar equals 100 yen)(*as of April 2013)

Special zones in Tokyo / Busantransportation area

Initial fare

250 yen (320m)

730 yen (2,000m)

Added fares

50 yen for each extra 320m

90 yen for each extra 280m

Time and distancebased fares

50 yen for every 1 minute and
45 seconds on rides travelling at
10 kilometers per hour or slower

90 yen for every 1 minute and
45 seconds on rides travelling at
10 kilometers per hour or slower

Late night and earlymorning premiums

50 yen extra between
8 p.m. and 6 a.m.

20% extra between
10 p.m. and 5 a.m.

Rate Code 1 within New York City

Weekday rush hour 100 yen extra between 4 p.m. andpremiums
8 p.m. from Monday to Friday
State tax

50 yen per ride(*as of July 2015)

̶̶

Source: Inspection report of taxis in New York by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2013)

SECTION08

The current statusof the taxi industry
in other countries

All yellow cab vehicles now have credit card processing machines due to TLC s TPEP program. These processing machines are integrated
with a monitor that passengers can see and the taxi companies are able to obtain the machines for free due to revenues from the video ads
that are shown on the monitors.

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

36

08

SECTION

The current status of the taxi

Inspection report ❷Taxis in London

Number of vehicles and the market
The city of London has black cabs (London Taxi) and minicabs
black cabs
(Private Hire). Only black cabs can transport passengers
through street hails and minicabs can only transport passengers with reservations.
Black cabs are all privately-owned so they do not belong to any taxi companies. However, the drivers
belong to radio unions and can therefore operate with radio dispatches in addition to street
hails. There were 22,810 black cabs and 52,811 minicabs in operation in 2013, with the black
cabs operating within a 6-mile (about 10 kilometers) radius from the central location of Charing
Cross and minicabs mostly in other areas. Also, the number of black cab drivers and vehicles
hadnʼt changed much during the ten years preceding 2013 due to the virtual supply and demand
adjustments made by TfL (Transport for London), which is the transport bureau of London (there
were 25,538 drivers in 2013).
Transition in the number of black cab drivers and vehicles

Almost no changes after over ten years(people / vehicles)

Drivers

30,000

Vehicles

25,00020,00015,00010,000
5,000
0

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: Inspection report of London by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2015)

On regulations
Restrictions are governed in a London City-level administrative unit (equivalent to that of Tokyo).
They are implemented by the TfL (the traﬃc bureau of London), which has full authority over all
matters concerning taxis, and the mayor is the chief in charge.
Drivers are required to obtain the “Knowledge” license, which is issued by TfL and isdiﬃcult to obtain (requiring an average of forty-four months, or about four years), so
although there is no limit to the number of drivers there are, it is as if there is a limit
because of this license. The Taxi Trade Promotions Ltd cram school holds activities involving
educational curriculums to help with the obtainment of this license.

Taxi Trade Promotions Ltd (cram school): from the left - (1) maps of various areas in London, (2) classmates
preparing for interviews, (3) learning the shortest routes, (4) mopeds running through the streets of London,(5) lists of routes attached to a moped

The Knowledge
licenseThere are also strict regulations that limit vehicle supply, stipulating that (1) drivers andpassengers must be separated, (2) height must be at least 1.35m / length including leg roommust be at least 1.2m / seat width must be at least 0.7m, (3) vehicles must be equipped withboarding stairs for wheelchairs, and (4) rotation diameters must be within 28 feet (about 8.535m).

37

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 016

industry in other countries

On fares
It may be thought that black cabs seem inexpensive because their initial fares are
relatively cheap (Tokyo: 730 yen, London: 408 yen (as of November2014)), but normal
rides (1km or more) based on the fare table prescribed by TfL are more expensive thanthose in Tokyo. The fares from Heathrow Airport to urban London are 1.5 to 2 times higher
than fares in Tokyo (Haneda Airport), and they do not even have ﬁxed fares. In other words, theirinitial fares are low, but their total fares are higher. Fares are distinguished between Tariﬀ 1, Tariﬀ
2, and Tariﬀ 3 fares, which depend on the day and time. Travel time and distance are counted
simultaneously so the highest one that is reached is added.
Comparison of taxi fares(with 1 pound converted to 170 yen)●Tariff 1 - 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. from Monday to Friday

InitialfareWith/without time
factored in

London Tariff 1

Special zones in Tokyo / Busan transportation area <no premiums>(*as of November 2014)(*as of July 2015 - when based on the tax type on the left)

With time not factored in

408 yen (252.4m)

730 yen (2,000m)

With time factored in 408 yen (54.2 seconds)

730 yen (1 minute and 45 seconds)

With time not factored in 34 yen for each extra 126.2m

90 yen for each extra 280m
Added
fares With time factored in 34 yen for every 27.1 seconds 90 yen for every 1 minute and 45 seconds on rides
travelling at 10 kilometers per hour or slower●Tariff 3 - 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. every day and on national holidays

InitialfareWith/without time
factored in

London Tariff 3

Special zones in Tokyo / Busan transportation area <with premiums>(*as of November 2014)(*as of July 2015 - when based on the tax type on the left)

With time not factored in

408 yen (165.4m)

With time factored in 408 yen (35.6 seconds)

730 yen (1,600m)
730 yen (1 minute and 45 seconds)

With time not factored in 34 yen for each extra 82.7m
90 yen for each extra 224m
Added
90
yen
for
every 1 minute and 45 seconds on rides
fares With time factored in 34 yen for every 17.8 seconds
travelling at 10 kilometers per hour or slower
Source: Inspection report of London by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2015)

The revision of fares
The revision of fares is discussed in the same oﬃcial areas and with the same oﬃcial
fares every year on April 1 but the discussions are becoming shorter with the introduction of aquantiﬁed taxi cost index.
A fuel surcharge system has also been established ﬁve years ago and is programmed intaxi meters. However, it has not been implemented yet.
The index of the black cab cost structure
Initial 2015 weights

22,00008

The current statusof the taxi industry
in other countries

Final 2015 weights

Cost p per mile Proportion of Cost p per mile Proportion ofComponent of index
in 2014
costs in 2014
in 2015
costs in 2015
Vehicle Cost
21.25
9.0%
21.47
9.1%
Parts
9.67
4.1%
9.82
4.2%
Tyres
1.43
0.6%
1.45
0.6%
Garage & Servicing - Premises
1.31
0.6%
1.33
0.6%
Garage & Servicing - Labour
4.63
2.0%
4.71
2.0%
Fuel
27.11
11.5%
26.65
11.3%
Insurance
10.41
4.4%
10.62
4.5%
Miscellaneous
2.43
1.0%
2.49
1.1%
The Knowledge
12.52
5.3%
12.58
5.3%
Social Costs
6.42
2.7%
6.45
2.7%
Total operating costs
97.19
41.4%
97.57
41.3%
Average national earnings
137.7858.6%
138.45
58.7%
Grand Total
234.96100.0%
236.02100.0%
Annual Mileage:

SECTION

Increase incosts 2015
1.0%
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
-1.7%
2.0%
2.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%

Contribution tototal increase
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
-0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.5%

Source: Inspection report of London by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2015)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

38

SECTION

09 Industrial, governmental, and＜ 2015 ＞
April 30

March 2

Industrial

Industrial

March 8March 15

March 21

Governmental｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association forms
a sectional committee on basic policies
at the Semi-Speciﬁc Taxi Region
Conference to discuss the establishmentof sectional committees, which wasa pending issue. It was decided that
adjustment sectional committees andrevitalization sectional committees areto be established in the special zones /Busan transportation area, and that
adjustment and revitalization sectional
committees are to be established in theTama transportation areas.
June 3｜ The personnel aﬀairs of expert
chairpersons under President Kawanabe
in his second term are unoﬃciallydecided at the conference of thepresident and vice-presidents. Expert
chairperson Akiyama of general aﬀairs,
expert chairperson Nishizawa ofmanagement, expert chairperson Otaof public aﬀairs, expert chairperson
Shimizu of labor, and expert chairperson
Machida of care transportation were
elected by the president at the board
meeting on the 17th.
June 11｜ The ﬁrst adjustment sectional meetingof the special zones and Busan district
was held by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association at the Semi-Speciﬁc Taxi
Region Conference, and the selection of
excellent corporate business operators
was one of the main themes.
June 23｜ The Japan Federation of Hire-Taxi
Associations adopts an emergency
resolution against the movement ofgovernmental departments regarding
the legalization of car ridesharing forpreventing at all costs this situation,
which shakes the core of the taxi
industry, and enhances its policy of
encouraging all related parties in doing
the same.
August 1 to 5 ｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association oﬀers“job-hunting support taxi” services forthe ﬁrst time at JR Tokyo Station, JR
Shinjuku Station, and JR Fuchu Station.
Tickets for free initial fares (costing¥730) are distributed to students whoare job-hunting.
September 11 ｜ The Santama Branch of the Tokyo HireTaxi Association holds an orientation
session for business operatorsconcerning registered business
operations in locations such as thethree Tama transportation areas and theIslands district.
November 4 to 5｜ Chairman Tomita of the Japan Federationof Hire-Taxi Associations meets with
Mayor Nakayama of Kyotango City,
Kyoto Prefecture and Mayor Hirose of
Yabu City, Hyogo prefecture, who want
to introduce car ridesharing. He heard
the public transportation conditions of
their respective areas and deepened his
understanding of them.
December 15 ｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association holds
the third Semi-Speciﬁc Taxi Region
Conference on the special zones ofTokyo and the Busan transportation area
together with the third Semi-Speciﬁc
Taxi Region Conference on the Kitatama, Minami-tama, and Nishi-tamatransportation areas.

＜ 2015 ＞
April 15

June 30

July 2＜ 2016 ＞
February 19 ｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
introduces TSTiE drivers, who canprovide tourist information in English,
at the Haneda Airport International
Terminal building.

July 24

39

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association holds anextraordinary board meeting. Reports
and deliberations were made on thelatest situations and trends in subjects
including car ridesharing and theintroduction of the fare of the shortened
distance of initial charge.
｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association holds
the 4th Semi-Speciﬁc Taxi Region
Conference for the Tokyo Minamitatamatransportation area. Deliberations weremade on eﬀorts concerning issues suchas the designation and revitalization of“speciﬁc regions” in the Minamitatamatransportation area.
｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
gives a press release on the taxi
dispatching smartphone app, “Tokyo Taxi
Association-TAKKUN”, announcing that
it is now supported in the Tama district
and that it has been upgraded.

｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association starts
the 2016 “job-hunting support taxis”
service at the “Rikunabi 2017 Live”hall at Tokyo Big Sight and distributes
tickets for free initial fares to visiting
students who are job-hunting. Jobhunting support taxis will be in operation
until September.

｜ A demonstration of the latest multilingual
speech translation system is given at
an exhibition hosted by the Liberal
Democratic Partyʼs research commission
on information and communications
strategy. Politicians, bureaucrats andbusinesses all work together for its
practical application by the 2020 Olympic
Games.

｜ At the second meeting of the researchon the role of new taxis / business
management working groups, the Ministryof Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism decides to do a substantiative
experiment on a fare for the shortened
distance of initial charge that is limited to acertain region for a certain amount of time
before it is oﬃcially introduced.
｜ Minister Ota of the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
demonstrated his recognition at theUpper House Land, Infrastructure,
Transportation and Tourism Committeethat the legalization of car ridesharing is
not appropriate as carrying passengers
with oneʼs own car without a permit
is the equivalent of operating an
unlicensed taxi.
｜ At the third meeting of examinationon the role of new taxis, the Ministryof Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism decided to establish a working
group for taxi fare systems by around
October and expressed its intention ofcarefully examining when the substantiative
experiment on a fare for the shortened
distance of initial charge should start.

TA X I C A B S

social activities

December 4 ｜ The national government made an appeal
to the Osaka Supreme Court on December
24th on the decision by the Osaka
District Court where the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
requested of the national government toissue an injunction for its orders to operatorscharging authorized unregulated taxi fares
that fall below minimum fares to change.
＜ 2016 ＞
January 15 ｜ The government holds the general
assembly of the LDP hired taxi federation.
Chairman Kazuyoshi Kaneko (former
Minister of Land, Infrastructure andTransportation) expresses that he feels
the same way about the legalization of car
ridesharing as everyone he is addressing,and intends on forging a convergence of
opinion throughout the ruling party.
January 28 ｜ The 4th meeting on how new taxis should
operate is held by the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. “TaxiInnovation Plan 2016 (chosen taxi)” wasproposed as the ﬁnal outcome.
February 18 ｜ The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism decides on its
policy of introducing a system for therevised special measures law on taxis
where business operators temporarily
lower their number of vehicles with theirvehicles on hold, and then have them
return later.
March 11 ｜ The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism announces theoutline of the substantiative experiment on
the fare for the shortened distance of initialcharge, with the distance of initial chargeof 1.16 kilometers at ¥460 and ¥90 every
additional 280 meters for two months in
the Tokyo Districts from July to August.
＜ 2015 ＞
April 29

SocialApril 30

May 17

May 19June 1｜ Prime Minister Abe becomes the ﬁrst
prime minister of Japan to give a speech
at a congressional joint session of theHouse and Senate.
｜ A 7.8-magnitude earthquake hits central
Nepal and the death toll that includes
nearby countries such as India exceeds
5,900 people.
｜ Osaka carries on as one city after areferendum about the “Osaka MetropolisPlan”, where Osaka City would be
abolished and divided into ﬁve special
zones, was held. There were 50.4% votes
against the plan and 49.6% votes for theplan.
｜ The rate of employment for university
students who graduated in March has
been increasing for four years in a row with
96.7% this year, which is 2.3 points abovethat of the previous year.
｜ The Japan Pension Service announcesthat personal information such as namesof beneﬁciaries and members, basic
pension numbers, and so on were leaked
due to staﬀ computers being infectedwith a virus.

2 016

June 5SocialGovernmental

December 3 ｜ The national government and both theUpper and Lower House discuss thelegalization of car ridesharing during
the ongoing review by the Committeeon Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism. Minister Ishii of the Ministryof Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism states that the most importantfactors in automobile transport are
security and safety, and that proposals
on ridesharing require extremely carefulconsideration.

I N TO K YO

｜ Prime Minister Abe announces that thesummit meeting of 2016 in Japan will beheld in Shima City, Mie Prefecture. Thisis the sixth time that it is held in Japan.
July 1｜ President Obama of the United States
announce that the United States andCuba have agreed to restore diplomatic
relations for the ﬁrst time in ﬁfty-four
years and that their embassies will
be reopened in the capitals of bothcountries.
July 17｜ Prime Minister Abe announces the rejectionof the previous construction plans for
the New National Stadium Japan, which willbe the site for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics /Paralympics.
August 1｜ Beginning of job interviews by companies
for university students graduating next
spring. The Japan Federation of Economic
Organizations establishes new rules toextend the starting date as of last year
under requests from the government.
August 14 ｜ The Government issues cabinet approvalof the statement by Prime Minister Abeon the 70th anniversary of the end of
the war.
September 1 ｜ The organizing committee of the2020 Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics
announces that it will cancel the use of
the emblem as it resembles the logo of
the Théâtre de Liège in Belgium.
September 3 ｜ Amendments to the laws concerning thenational identiﬁcation number system (MyNumber), which expand its ranges of use,
were passed at the plenary session of theLower House.
October 5 ｜ The Trans-Paciﬁc Partnership (TPP) is
drafted upon agreements by most of thetwelve participating countries after ﬁveand-a-half years of negotiations.
October 6 ｜ Satoshi Omura, professor at Kitasato
University, wins the Nobel Prize inPhysiology or Medicine, and Takaaki
Kajita, Director of the Institute for
Cosmic Ray Research at the Universityof Tokyo, wins the Nobel Prize in Physics
at the 2015 Nobel Prize awards.
October 14 ｜ Asahi Kasei admits to insuﬃcientunderground piling work at a large
condominium building in Yokohama
Cityʼs Tsuzuki Ward done by thesubcontractor Asahi Kasei Construction
Materials Corp., which led to thebuildings tilting, as well as falsiﬁed dataon the construction.
November 9｜ Chairman Sadayuki Sakakibara of the Japan
Federation of Economic Organizations
oﬃcially announces that screenings ofuniversity students such as interviews foruniversity students to be hired in April 2017
has moved forward two months to June forsenior class students.
November 13 ｜ The worst terrorist attack in post-war
France occurred with a series of shootingsand explosions in locations including atheater and restaurants in central Paris,
and a suburban stadium.
＜ 2016 ＞
January 3｜ Aoyama Gakuin University wins an overall
victory for two consecutive years in the
Hakone Ekiden.
January 18 ｜ A tour bus carrying skiers plunges oﬀ
a roadside cliﬀ in Karuizawa, Nagano
Prefecture, killing fourteen and injuring
twenty-seven.
February 5 ｜ The government decides at a cabinet
meeting on the bill related to the revisionof the 2016 taxation system focusing
on the establishment of a reduced
consumption tax rate system.
February 25 ｜ Sharp oﬃcially announces that they will
undergo management reconstruction
under the major Taiwanese electronics
device manufacturer, Hon Hai Precision
Industry.
March 27 ｜ The Democratic Party, which is a merger
between the Democratic Party of Japanand the Japan Innovation Party, holds
a ceremony to oﬃcially announce
its foundation. The total number ofassembly members participating was
156 (with 96 from the Lower House and
50 from the Upper House).

SECTION

09

Industrial,
governmental, andsocial activities

Photo courtesy of: Tokyo Kotsu Shimbun

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

40Number of taxi companies and vehicles by year
Item

Special zones / Busan district

Tama district

Kanto District Transport Bureau

Islands District

Companies
PrivateInclusivesum

33,086

19,65652,742383

31,303

19,65650,959157

385

33,70919,59253,301

56

158

366

35,75919,47855,237

3‚119

55

154

362

35,787

19,47955,266

70

3‚137

55

148

359

34,644

19,312

53,95630‚733

71

3‚130

55

141

359

34,00419,00953,0135‚376

30‚722

72

3‚151

55

135

358

34,00818,81852,82625‚8785‚404

31‚282

72

3‚176

56

138

359

34,596

18,70053,296240

26‚9615‚204

32‚165

74

3‚272

56

138

370

35,575

19,35454,9291999

252

27‚7344‚719

32‚453

75

3‚378

55

131

381

35,962

19,30555,2672000

254

27‚8514‚540

32‚391

79

3‚408

55

125

385

35,924

19,36955,293

2001

252

28‚2624‚395

32‚657

81

3‚423

55

121

388

36,201

19,07755,2782002

257

28‚5394‚180

32‚719

85

3‚539

53

111

395

36,36919,141

55,5102003

258

29‚0453‚894

32‚939

68

3‚446

53

105

407

36,49019,05655,5462004

271

29‚6633‚880

33‚543

71

3‚519

54

106

396

37,16818,98956,1572005

291

30‚8193‚883

34‚702

71

3‚520

53

105

415

38,327

18,99057,3172006

317

31‚9483‚931

35‚879

71

3‚572

48

99

436

39,55018,67658,226

2007

334

32,9584,090

37,048

72

3,687

46

98

452

40,833

18,47859,311

2008

352

33,866

4,125

37,991

73

3,711

45

94

470

41,796

18,21360,0092009

366

33,473

4,069

37,542

74

3,530

45

92

485

41,164

17,944

59,1082010

362

31,7993,977

35,776

74

3,389

45

83

481

39,24817,42056,6682011

359

27,9983,849

31,847

74

3,232

43

84

476

35,163

16,78751,9502012

356

27,794

3,636

31,430

73

3,215

42

83

471

34,72816,14450,872

2013

347

27,6593,471

31,130

73

3,188

39

77

459

34,395

15,05249,447

2014

346

27,646

3,548

31,194

71

3,188

38

73

455

34,455

14,43048,885

2015

343

27,657

3,638

31,295

73

3,188

36

68

452

34,511

13,93748,488

NumberofBusiness
operators

Taxi

Hired
taxi

Total

1989

253

24‚1435‚883

30‚026

73

2‚902

57

158

363

1990

253

22‚3605‚883

28‚243

73

2‚902

57

158

1991

254

24‚1726‚426

30‚598

75

2‚954

56

1992

238

26‚1486‚352

32‚500

72

3‚101

1993

237

26‚1136‚401

32‚514

70

1994

234

25‚3945‚965

31‚3591995

233

25‚163

5‚570

1996

231

25‚346

1997

231

1998

Year

Number of vehicles

NumberNumberNumberNumberNumberNumber
of
of
of
of
of
of
Business
Business
Business
operators vehicles operators vehicles operators vehicles(Notes) 1. According to adjustments in the total number of business operators and vehicles in general passenger vehicletransportation businesses by the Kanto District Transport Bureau.
2. The number of business operators represents the total number of business operators that have offices in the saidzones.

41

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Record of taxi operations in special zones and the Busan transportation area by year
Item

Fleet vehicles

Distance in kilometers

Rate ofRate of
NumberGross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualof
operations
vehiclesactual vehicles actual vehiclesof actual kilometers (%) transports(%)

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
T

NumberBy operating
Number Transportationofvehicles per dayofincomekilometers
Distance Number Transportation by actual
People(byinbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesofincomekilometers transports
transported
yen)
per
(by
1
yen)
(km)
companyYearin existence(per day)in operation(per day)1989

8‚426‚262

7,730,051

91.7

1,427,558,757 2,564,024,706 55.7 282,314,465 415,364,553 419,907,041 331.7

36.5

54,3215.1

1990

8‚857‚327

7,812,347

88.2

1,397,770,377 2,524,166,069 55.4 266,400,889 392,404,349 441,798,431 323.1

34.1

56,551

5.2

1991

9‚083‚937

7,847,021

86.4

1,399,846,914 2,537,363,228 55.2 264,270,081 387,679,693 445,910,050 323.4

33.7

56,8255.3

1992

9‚127‚661

7,987,404

87.5

1,287,130,399 2,470,973,018 52.1 254,163,873 368,950,019 452,092,763 309.4

31.8

56,601

5.1

1993

9‚055‚295

8,104,168

89.5

1,232,125,620 2,466,561,197 50.0 255,652,169 370,176,078 442,113,343 304.4

31.5

54,5544.8

1994

8‚927‚540

8,123,244

90.9

1,240,553,150 2,509,505,632 49.4 262,646,882 379,287,432 447,245,027 308.9

32.3

55,057

4.7

1995

8‚964‚633

8,133,357

90.7

1,206,470,891 2,490,349,812 48.4 258,991,511 368,429,981 471,327,446 306.2

31.8

57,9504.7

1996

9‚046‚319

8,139,378

90.0

1,196,703,626 2,496,389,251 47.9 258,949,480 366,869,849 469,161,118 306.7

31.8

57,641

4.6

1997

9‚246‚297

8,046,792

87.0

1,162,436,904 2,456,907,127 47.3 255,984,010 361,814,495 464,240,900 305.3

31.8

57,693

4.5

1998

9‚585‚425

8,326,792

86.9

1,102,334,554 2,444,418,587 45.1 251,991,333 354,470,676 442,266,836 293.6

30.3

53,114

4.4

1999

9‚562‚907

8,353,057

87.3

1,070,224,997 2,412,308,594 44.4 248,005,034 347,820,185 430,880,885 288.8

29.7

51,584

4.3

2000

9‚586‚756

8,289,227

86.5

1,073,601,680 2,398,446,596 44.8 251,116,110 350,889,906 433,310,901 289.3

30.3

52,274

4.3

2001

9‚668‚192

8,277,267

85.6

1,050,961,648 2,370,403,636 44.3 248,335,480 346,787,017 425,020,816 286.4

30.0

51,3484.2

2002

9‚936‚898

8,417,116

84.7

1,029,033,363 2,348,170,763 43.8 247,264,463 346,509,071 416,434,152 279.0

29.4

49,475

4.2

2003 10‚151‚720

8,575,308

84.5

1,022,572,710 2,354,626,865 43.4 247,780,917 345,361,913 414,247,268 274.6

28.9

48,307

4.1

vehicles(km)

2004 10‚345‚062

8,633,930

83.5

1,031,226,264 2,352,279,931 43.8 251,113,449 348,391,811 416,921,678 272.4

29.1

48,2894.1

2005 10‚708‚138

8,720,334

81.4

1,067,522,820 2,381,228,831 44.8 259,360,608 357,687,144 431,634,517 273.1

29.7

49,497

4.1

2006 10‚951‚340

8,701,031

79.5

1,095,822,275 2,403,097,429 45.6 264,927,434 365,325,242 440,306,598 276.2

30.4

50,604

4.1

2007 11,222,247

8,775,795

78.2

1,086,795,352 2,389,381,358 45.5 260,863,751 354,730,299 445,304,907 272.3

29.4

50,742

4.2

2008 11,349,261

8,915,959

78.6

963,240,597 2,291,823,411 42.0 235,502,805 312,318,115 413,103,093 257.0

26.4

46,333

4.1

2009 10,950,290

8,936,482

81.6

853,074,660 2,176,380,311 39.2 214,577,810 283,796,557 367,719,550 243.5

24.0

41,1484.0

2010

9,818,499

8,369,311

85.2

812,971,689 2,045,818,104 39.7 206,021,917 272,080,128 350,798,592 244.4

24.6

41,9154.0

2011

9,345,517

7,956,865

85.1

802,520,241 1,972,136,438 40.7 202,140,408 265,876,386 346,234,599 247.9

25.4

43,5144.0

2012

9,300,451

7,730,381

83.1

802,996,357 1,915,211,746 41.9 202,837,586 267,785,904 348,665,083 247.8

26.2

45,1034.0

2013

9,505,100

7,729,619

81.3

821,389,895 1,907,272,876 43.1 205,493,957 270,668,509 357,001,972 246.7

26.6

46,1864.0

2014

9,567,378

7,683,726

80.3

828,861,258 1,901,519,559 43.6 204,331,388 269,020,775 366,540,169 247.5

26.6

47,703

4.1

2015

9,617,166

7,567,790

78.7

839,019,385 1,877,949,800 44.7 202,852,766 267,577,522 370,149,434 248.2

26.8

48,911

4.1

Apr. 2015

787,860

637,07880.9

70,523,174

159,088,645 44.3

17,163,661

22,617,785

31,148,334 249.7

26.9

48,893

4.1

May 2015

814,804

630,11177.3

65,809,667

153,580,848 42.9

16,009,031

21,127,666

29,003,188 243.7

25.4

46,0294.1

Jun. 2015

788,868

633,70780.3

69,641,269

157,356,541 44.3

16,900,539

22,104,516

30,751,994 248.3

26.7

48,5284.1

814,990

655,585

80.4

75,886,328

165,068,597 46.0

18,625,004

24,595,209

33,655,041 251.8

28.4

51,336

4.1

814,981

617,83675.8

67,858,507

152,069,767 44.6

16,816,546

22,291,673

29,850,532 246.1

27.2

48,315

4.0

Sep. 2015

788,700

618,94578.5

67,881,088

151,448,976 44.8

16,654,095

22,059,907

30,067,700 244.7

26.9

48,5794.1

Oct. 2015

814,000

652,85680.2

71,244,167

160,810,143 44.3

16,998,735

22,322,672

31,307,491 246.3

26.0

47,955

4.2

Nov. 2015

788,021616,893

78.3

68,443,152

152,188,925 45.0

16,523,381

21,819,763

30,215,608 246.7

26.8

48,9804.1

Dec. 2015

815,457

658,08180.7

78,345,312

169,277,394 46.3

18,351,370

24,325,849

34,676,140 257.2

27.9

52,693

4.3

Jan. 2016

815,520

604,10274.1

65,471,042

149,032,941 43.9

15,821,366

20,968,222

28,734,424 246.7

26.2

47,566

4.1

Feb. 2016

761,482

598,008

78.5

64,178,639

146,604,529 43.8

15,416,166

20,260,078

28,267,572 245.2

25.8

47,2704.2

Mar. 2016

812,483

644,588

79.3

73,737,040

161,422,494 45.7

17,572,872

23,048,182

32,471,410 250.4

27.3

50,375

4.2(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports
T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Reference materials

Jul. 2015
Aug. 201542

Record of taxi operations in the Tama district by year
Item

Fleet vehicles

Distance in kilometers

Rate ofRate of
NumberGross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualof
operations
vehiclesactual vehicles actual vehiclesof actual kilometers (%) transports(%)

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

NumberBy operating
Number Transportationofvehicles per dayofincomekilometers
Distance Number Transportation by actual
People(byinbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesofincomekilometers transports
transported
yen)
per
(by
1
yen)
(km)
companyYearin existence(per day)in operation(per day)1989

1,038,149

959,145

92.4

163,439,658

291,205,586 56.1

37,675,107

51,419,891

46,739,050 303.6

39.3

48,7304.3

1990

1,072,868

953,89488.9

158,509,082

283,768,815 55.9

36,035,178

49,122,911

49,093,825 297.5

37.8

51,467

4.4

1991

1,102,252

953,190

86.5

156,226,056

279,988,017 55.8

35,725,413

48,446,415

49,445,068 293.7

37.5

51,873

4.4

1992

1,113,442

976,732

87.7

145,657,237

267,507,741 54.4

34,604,307

46,693,550

50,447,177 273.9

35.4

51,6494.2

1993

1,119,698

1,005,592

89.8

142,014,694

265,333,089 53.5

35,288,373

47,256,548

50,040,461 263.9

35.1

49,7624.0

1994

1,120,668

1,020,081

91.0

142,657,066

268,442,111 53.1

36,143,228

48,209,600

50,580,871 263.2

35.4

49,5803.9

1995

1,126,768

1,026,304

91.1

138,908,197

264,396,833 52.5

35,671,662

47,348,276

52,970,190 257.6

34.8

51,613

3.9

1996

1,128,452

1,028,144

91.1

137,632,812

263,693,062 52.2

35,885,267

47,401,612

52,530,803 256.5

34.9

51,0933.8

1997

1,139,558

1,024,989

89.9

133,582,273

258,333,449 51.7

35,652,123

47,078,936

52,030,427 252.0

34.8

50,762

3.8

1998

1,174,968

1,066,007

90.7

127,790,614

252,328,764 50.6

35,265,918

46,250,257

50,010,367 236.7

33.1

46,914

3.6

1999

1,213,042

1,100,980

90.8

125,181,896

251,324,956 49.8

34,974,066

45,854,638

49,086,576 228.3

31.8

44,5843.6

2000

1,215,074

1,089,014

89.6

125,469,650

251,178,426 50.0

35,622,324

46,519,138

49,372,324 230.6

32.7

45,337

3.5

2001

1,223,165

1,088,006

89.0

122,885,940

247,841,012 49.6

35,361,979

46,245,100

48,522,201 227.8

32.5

44,597

3.5

2002

1,276,276

1,115,354

87.4

123,469,343

250,268,325 49.3

35,930,381

47,212,788

48,743,189 224.4

32.2

43,702

3.4

2003

1,301,238

1,139,506

87.6

123,853,912

252,848,198 49.0

36,115,328

47,789,889

48,985,279 221.9

31.7

42,9883.4

2004

1,312,468

1,148,611

87.5

124,350,985

254,406,730 48.9

36,471,124

48,211,932

49,080,382 221.5

31.8

42,7303.4

2005

1,330,723

1,147,060

86.2

126,919,347

258,744,376 49.1

37,287,492

49,312,077

50,069,857 225.6

32.5

43,6513.4

2006

1,332,425

1,134,530

85.1

128,042,345

259,827,490 49.3

37,471,613

49,133,727

50,395,953 229.0

33.0

44,4203.4

2007

1,336,803

1,120,235

83.8

124,863,955

253,126,293 49.3

36,525,637

47,618,200

50,108,249 226.0

32.6

44,7303.4

2008

1,330,215

1,113,895

83.7

112,746,999

232,702,800 48.5

33,279,762

42,946,529

47,173,933 208.9

29.9

42,3503.4

2009

1,284,871

1,108,782

86.3

102,783,907

215,768,230 47.6

30,780,737

39,750,149

43,246,614 194.6

27.8

39,004

3.3

2010

1,223,420

1,070,652

87.5

100,334,947

210,587,758 47.6

30,137,001

38,846,535

42,187,813 196.7

28.1

39,4043.3

2011

1,201,246

1,041,321

86.7

98,070,069

205,598,785 47.7

29,468,325

38,008,209

41,226,569 197.4

28.3

39,5913.3

2012

1,187,026

1,004,731

84.6

96,660,173

201,548,110 48.0

29,180,873

37,642,130

40,614,167 200.6

29.0

40,4233.3

2013

1,182,677

978,272

82.7

95,548,004

198,232,977 48.2

28,746,276

37,134,088

40,169,730 202.6

29.4

41,0623.3

2014

1,182,940

957,060

80.9

92,419,170

192,116,002 48.1

27,603,695

35,713,044

39,979,139 200.7

28.8

41,773

3.3

2015

1,192,550

943,836

79.1

91,206,030

189,372,320 48.2

27,184,448

35,171,951

39,424,503 200.6

28.8

41,771

3.4

Apr. 2015

97,77078,86580.7

7,623,525

15,791,266 48.3

2,271,364

2,927,643

3,285,727 200.2

28.8

41,663

3.4

May 2015

101,029

79,304

78.5

7,194,504

15,175,865 47.4

2,131,320

2,779,729

3,095,894 191.4

26.9

39,038

3.4

Jun. 2015

97,77078,86280.7

7,494,620

15,659,962 47.9

2,234,608

2,871,053

3,230,910 198.6

28.3

40,9703.4

vehicles(km)

Jul. 2015

101,029

81,75680.9

8,326,037

17,092,489 48.7

2,512,103

3,237,045

3,601,322 209.1

30.7

44,0503.3

Aug. 2015

101,02978,622

77.8

7,696,358

15,944,902 48.3

2,331,980

3,065,930

3,327,589 202.8

29.7

42,324

3.3

Sep. 2015

97,78377,22879.0

7,434,105

15,397,167 48.3

2,258,952

2,923,760

3,227,076 199.4

29.3

41,7873.3

Oct. 2015

100,955

81,24580.5

7,539,911

15,836,027 47.6

2,235,412

2,879,175

3,257,930 194.9

27.5

40,101

3.4

Nov. 2015

97,74076,99478.8

7,340,790

15,315,299 47.9

2,205,742

2,847,790

3,182,100 198.9

28.6

41,3293.3

Dec. 2015

100,998

81,46080.7

8,569,239

17,495,467 49.0

2,469,399

3,222,466

3,711,946 214.8

30.3

45,5683.5

Jan. 2016

100,967

76,42675.7

7,401,877

15,335,203 48.3

2,189,328

2,855,253

3,192,986 200.7

28.6

41,7793.4

Feb. 2016

94,48273,93878.3

6,845,081

14,328,744 47.8

2,037,928

2,597,685

2,955,284 193.8

27.6

39,9703.4

Mar. 2016

100,998

79,13678.4

7,739,983

15,999,929 48.4

2,306,312

2,964,422

3,355,739 202.2

29.1

42,405

3.4(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
The geisha (taxi on its way) / deadhead distance is calculated in kilometers by actual vehicle and the standards for the
rates of actual vehicles are different due to the revisions in the geisha / deadhead system as of November 1981.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports

43

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Record of hired taxi operations in special zones and the Busan transportation area by year
Item

Fleet vehicles

Distance in kilometers

Rate ofRate of
NumberGross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualof
operations
vehiclesactual vehicles actual vehiclesof actual kilometers (%) transports(%)

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

NumberBy operating
Number Transportationofvehicles per dayofincomekilometers
Distance Number Transportation by actual
People(byinbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesofincomekilometers transports
transported
yen)
per
(by
1
yen)
(km)
companyYearin existence(per day)in operation(per day)1989

2,067,226

1,658,212

80.2

286,974,143

298,852,756 96.0

4,713,156

8,850,967 110,845,807 180.2

2.8

66,847 60.9

1990

2,200,489

1,715,770

78.0

288,022,310

300,108,382 96.0

4,642,470

8,262,218 123,026,349 174.9

2.7

71,703 62.0

1991

2,323,225

1,760,088

75.8

280,790,403

293,854,403 95.6

4,510,993

7,816,372 129,240,559 167.0

2.6

73,428 62.2

1992

2,323,764

1,725,728

74.3

244,831,954

257,331,845 95.1

3,937,846

6,834,051 116,418,937 149.1

2.3

67,461 62.2

1993

2,259,159

1,626,445

72.0

218,760,495

229,794,219 95.2

3,499,795

6,068,621 103,152,217 141.3

2.2

63,422 62.5

vehicles

(km)

1994

2,059,797

1,470,061

71.4

207,240,045

213,506,796 97.1

3,219,936

5,593,893

96,061,556 145.2

2.2

65,345 64.4

1995

2,002,145

1,409,261

70.4

209,518,718

215,389,484 97.3

3,169,824

5,507,705

95,631,255 152.8

2.2

67,859 66.1

1996

1,966,869

1,378,487

70.1

130,976,867

203,854,904 64.3

2,992,900

5,257,358

89,989,786 147.9

2.2

65,282 43.8

1997

1,930,859

1,345,862

69.7

127,393,440

197,985,958 64.3

2,884,103

5,266,334

88,097,173 147.1

2.1

65,458 44.2

1998

1,807,936

1,266,152

70.0

113,389,692

177,012,576 64.1

2,616,547

4,823,018

77,768,866 139.8

2.1

61,421 43.3

1999

1,684,385

1,156,084

68.6

102,263,303

165,084,948 61.9

2,467,874

4,573,047

70,505,009 142.8

2.1

60,986 41.4

2000

1,602,740

1,087,568

67.9

97,881,220

157,065,552 62.3

2,330,040

3,891,848

61,179,661 144.4

2.1

56,254 42.0

2001

1,535,249

1,050,009

68.4

93,129,888

147,281,511 63.2

2,212,964

3,460,684

54,859,046 140.3

2.1

52,246 42.1

2002

1,442,591

977,150

67.7

89,256,638

140,263,897 63.6

2,126,274

3,260,429

50,389,184 143.5

2.2

51,568 42.0

2003

1,396,030

932,72666.8

85,767,544

134,115,815 64.0

2,018,464

3,188,206

47,526,372 143.8

2.2

50,954 42.5

2004

1,390,531

920,801

66.2

85,382,009

133,569,514 63.9

1,980,999

3,175,354

47,552,634 145.1

2.2

51,643 43.1

2005

1,392,699

919,31266.0

86,223,061

135,209,983 63.8

1,990,391

3,218,015

47,627,561 147.1

2.2

51,808 43.3

2006

1,408,455

935,732

66.4

88,002,877

138,727,214 63.4

2,031,837

3,268,619

48,656,317 148.3

2.2

51,998 43.3

2007

1,424,074

939,742

66.0

89,290,385

141,197,290 63.2

2,047,556

3,234,024

49,432,991 150.3

2.2

52,603 43.6

2008

1,405,360

918,879

65.4

82,530,569

131,085,488 63.0

1,879,029

2,883,084

45,890,121 142.7

2.0

49,941 43.9

2009

1,322,851

829,279

62.7

71,430,343

113,220,185 63.1

1,678,834

2,543,122

38,804,554 136.5

2.0

46,793 42.5

2010

1,283,375

788,680

61.5

69,040,591

107,100,159 64.5

1,596,922

2,476,849

36,926,175 135.8

2.0

46,820 43.2

2011

1,245,570

735,840

59.0

67,041,967

102,424,830 65.4

1,567,436

2,454,005

35,329,168 139.2

2.1

48,012 42.8

2012

1,180,801

710,696

60.2

63,174,173

98,641,167 64.0

1,540,262

2,482,308

33,243,571 138.8

2.2

46,776 41.0

2013

1,160,934

721,12262.1

60,495,006

97,979,187 61.7

1,531,704

2,677,284

32,920,958 135.8

2.1

45,638 39.5

2014

1,196,017

720,427

60.2

63,499,581

99,574,768 63.8

1,550,949

2,571,033

34,171,067 138.1

2.2

47,395 41.0

2015

1,192,603

723,753

60.7

63,703,432

99,202,881 64.2

1,563,726

2,465,690

34,352,962 137.0

2.2

47,432 40.9

Apr. 2015

98,604

61,83962.7

5,543,509

8,595,414 64.5

128,704

206,928

2,985,627 139.0

2.1

48,281 43.1

May 2015

101,060

58,46657.9

5,270,454

8,222,227 64.1

122,483

194,930

2,783,064 140.6

2.1

47,601 43.0

Jun. 2015

97,89062,99264.3

5,607,148

8,654,843 64.8

131,266

205,4632,993,900 137.4

2.1

47,528 42.7

101,099

63,66363.0

5,651,409

8,748,282 64.6

132,925

209,279

3,035,324 137.4

2.1

47,678 42.5

101,273

56,49855.8

4,756,440

7,453,337 63.8

115,823

181,6872,507,791 131.9

2.1

44,387 41.1

Sep. 2015

97,67958,31359.7

5,275,122

8,155,340 64.7

118,659

187,6822,759,152 139.9

2.047,316 44.5

Oct. 2015

100,818

64,022

63.5

5,942,052

9,193,268 64.6

132,547

210,682

3,105,319 143.6

2.1

48,504 44.8

Nov. 2015

97,50459,89961.4

5,550,859

8,615,095 64.4

124,899

200,7212,959,446 143.8

2.1

49,407 44.4

Dec. 2015

101,006

60,55960.0

5,317,912

8,369,147 63.5

142,908

199,632

2,881,501 138.2

2.4

47,582 37.2

Jan. 2016

100,856

57,72057.2

4,796,266

7,557,289 63.5

132,557

215,908

2,708,191 130.9

2.3

46,919 36.2

Feb. 2016

94,00556,63560.2

4,634,9787,297,861 63.5

137,922

220,3142,613,917 128.9

2.4

46,154 33.6

Mar. 2016

100,809

63,14762.6

5,357,283

8,340,778 64.2

143,033

232,464

3,019,730 132.1

2.3

47,821 37.5

(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
The standards for the rates of actual vehicles are different because the actual vehicles in kilometers were calculated as
the zones from dispatch to return from between 1981 and 1995.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports
T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Reference materials

Jul. 2015
Aug. 201544

Changes in taxi fares in TokyoA p p l i c a t i o n
D a t eF a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d

S y s t e m ,e t c .

Increaserate

10/30/52
2/20/62(56.25)
10:8.3 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4m in length, 1.5m in
1.6km - 90 yen initial (46.51)
width, 1,000cc engine
430m - 20 yen
Waiting: 20 yen / 2 min. (600 yen / hr.)25.0%

3/18/66(70.00)2km - 140 yen

10:7.1 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: capacity of 6 passengers
initial (50.00)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
400m - 20 yen
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 20 yen / 3 min. (400 yen / hr.)

35.7%

2/19/71(100.00)
2km - 200 yen

10:10 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: compact vehicle under
initial (100.00)
the Road Trucking Vehicle Act
300m - 30 yen
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 30 yen / 1 min. 30 sec. (1,200 yen / hr.)

83.7%

12/8/73(133.33)
1.8km - 240
yen

10:10 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.1m in length, 1.5m in width
initial (133.33)
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
300m - 40 yen
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 40 yen / 1 min. 48 sec. (1,333 yen / hr.)77.3%
(additional
application)
49.7.31

12/26/73

Plus 64.7% of the Vehicle classiﬁcation:
fare on the meterin width4.1m in length, 1.5m

64.7%

7/31/74(144.44)
1.8km - 260
yen

10:9 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.2m in length
initial (129.87)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra as a standard
385m - 50 yen
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 50 yen / 2 min. (1,500 yen / hr.)

77.3%

9/29/76(175.00)
2km - 350 yen

10:8.9 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.2m in length, 1.6m in width
initial (155.84)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
385m - 60 yen
With time factored in: 60 yen / 2 min. 19 sec. (1,522 yen / hr.)

26.5%

1/24/79to
2/1/79(separateapplication)(190.00)
2km - 380 yen
to(200.00)
2km - 400 yen

10:9.2-9.3 contrast
with initial (175.00)
400m - 70 yen
to(186.67)357m - 70 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10
p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
70 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (1,680 yen / hr.)to
70 yen / 2 min. 15 sec. (1,867 yen / hr.)

16.4%
to
24.3%

10/2/80
to10/17/80(separateapplication)(220.00)
2km - 440 yen
to(230.00)
2km - 460 yen

10:9.0-9.4 contrast
with initial (197.53)405m - 80 yen
to(216.22)370m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10
p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
80 yen / 2 min. 26 sec. (1,973 yen / hr.)to
80 yen / 2 min. 13 sec. (2,165 yen / hr.)

16.0%
to
25.9%

(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

45

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

A p p r o v a l
D a t eF a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d

S y s t e m ,Increaserate

e t c .

11/16/52(40.00)2km - 80 yen

10:10 contrast with Waiting: 20 yen / 5 min. (240 yen / hr.)
initial (40.00)500m - 20 yen

12/25/63(1/1/64)(50.00)2km - 100 yen

10:8.9 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: capacity of 6 passeninitial (44.44)
gers, 1.5m in width
450m - 20 yen
Waiting: 20 yen / 4 min. (300 yen / hr.)

１５.０％

1/9/70(3/1-15/70)(65.00)2km - 130 yen

10:6.9 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: capacity of 6 passengers
initial (44.94)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11445m - 20 yen
p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 20 yen / 3 min. (400 yen / hr.)

22.5%

1/26/72(2/5/72)(85.00)2km - 170 yen

10:8.1 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
initial (68.97)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5435m - 30 yena.m.
With time factored in: 30 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (720 yen / hr.)

43.7%

−

−

−

1/22/74(1/29/74)(110.00)
2km - 220 yen

10:8.1 contrast withinitial (88.97)
1.29 times the fareon the meter

9/28/74(11/1/74)(140.00)
2km - 280 yen

10:8.7 contrast withinitial(121.95)
410m - 50 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5a.m.
With time factored in: 50 yen / 2 min. 25 sec. (1,240 yen / hr.)

33.9%

4/26/77(5/6/77)(165.00)
2km - 330 yen

10:9 contrast withinitial(148.15)405m - 60 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11
p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 60 yen / 2 min. 30 sec.
(1,440 yen / hr.)

20.1%

8/24/79(9/1/79)(190.00)
2km - 380 yen

10:8.9 contrast withinitial(168.67)415m - 70 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m in length, 1.6m
in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 70 yen / 2 min. 30 sec.
(1,680 yen / hr.)

14.3%

8/25/81(9/2/81)(215.00)
2km - 430 yen

10:9.2 contrast withinitial(197.53)405m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 30 sec.
(1,920 yen / hr.)

15.7%

−

−
29.0%

Reference materials

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

46

A p p l i c a t i o n
D a t eF a r eS y s t e m ,e t c .

I n i t i a l

A d d e d

9/10/83
to10/18/83(separateapplication)(240.00)
2km - 480 yen
to(255.00)
2km - 510 yen

10:9.1-9.3 contrast
with initial (219.51)
410m - 90 yen
to(236.84)
380m - 90 yen

2/13/89to
2/15/89

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of 10 yen.

3/12/90
to3/27/90

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of 10 yen.

12/10/91
to
12/18/91

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of 10 yen.
(310.00)
2km - 620 yen
to(315.00)
2km - 630 yen

10:8.4-8.8 contrast
with initial(260.87)345m - 90 yen
to(276.92)325m - 90 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. (2,700 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 1 min. 55 sec. (2,817 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 50 sec. (6,480 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 45 sec. (7,200 yen / hr.)

17.0%
to
22.9%

3/28/94
to
6/7/94(350.00)
2km - 700 yen
to(370.00)
2km - 740 yen

10:8.7-8.8 contrast
with initial(304.05)296m - 90 yen
to(324.91)277m - 90 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. 5 sec. (2,592 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (3,240 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 1 min. 10 sec. (4,629 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 55 sec. (5,891 yen / hr.)Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations:
General reservations: 700 yen - 900 yen each time
Early-morning reservations: 1,000 yen - 1,200 yen each time
Fees for wagon dispatching services: 300 yen to 400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides: 5% to 15% for fares exceeding ten
thousand yen
Discounts for high-speed rides: 3% to 5% for rides exceeding 30kph
or 30kph

11.5%
to
23.7%

2km - 470 yen(260.00)
2km - 520 yen
to(270.00)
2km - 540 yen

370m - 80 yen

10:8.9-9.0 contrast
with initial(231.88)345m - 80 yen
to(242.42)330m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length, capacity of 6
passengers or less
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. 20 sec. (2,160 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 2 min. 15 sec. (2,400 yen / hr.)T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

42.0%
to
20.8%

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 15 sec.

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
80 yen / 2 min. 5 sec. (2,304 yen / hr.)to
80 yen / 2 min. 0 sec. (2,400 yen / hr.)(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

47

Increase
rate

11.0%
to
16.9%

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

A p p r o v a l
D a t e2/10/84(2/18/84)

F a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d(235.00)
2km - 470 yen

10:9.2 contrast withinitial(216.22)370m - 80 yen

S y s t e m ,Increaserate

e t c .

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 15 sec.
(2,133 yen / hr.)

9.5%

3/17/89(4/1/89)

As applied

5/18/90(5/26/90)

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded oﬀ
to the nearest units of 10 yen.
(260.00)
2km - 520 yen

10:8.7 contrast withinitial(233.35)355m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 10 sec.
(2,215 yen / hr.)

9.6%

4/25/92(5/26/92)(300.00)
2km - 600 yen

10:8.6 contrast withinitial(259.37)347m - 90 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 2 min. 5 sec.
(2,592 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 1 min. 10 sec. (4,629
yen / hr.)

12.3%

2/21/95(3/18/95)(325.00)
2km - 650 yen

10:8.8 contrast withinitial(285.71)280m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec.
(2,880 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 55 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations (general,
early-morning):
Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding
9,000 yen

9.4%

Reference materials
T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

48

A p p l i c a t i o n
D a t e2/3/97to
3/3/97

F a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d

S y s t e m ,e t c .

Increase
rate

Changed to the amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 105/103 percent
and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of 10 yen. However, added fares in distance-based fares are calculated with a distance-reduction system, and time and distance-based fares with a time-reduction system.
(325.00)
2km - 650
yen

10:8.8 contrast withinitial(285.71)280m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations (general, early-morning):
Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

1.94%

2/24/97
to
3/14/971km - 340 yen(1) Under 2km
250m - 80 yen
10:8.6 contrast withinitial(291.97)(2) As of 2km
274m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5a.m.
With time factored in:(1) Under 2km: 80 yen / 1 min. 29 sec.
(2) 2km or more: 80 yen / 1 min. 38 sec. (2,939 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 49 sec. (5,878 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations (general, early-morning):
Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

1.94%

8/31/06to(11/30/06)

2km - 750 yen 238m to 276m - 90 Vehicle classiﬁcation: 2-liter displacement or below (standardsized vehicles)
to 810 yen
yen
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 30 sec. to 1 min. 40 sec.
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

7.2%
to
28.6%

(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

S u b m i t t e d49

D a t eAuthorized unregulated fare

2/28/14(publicly
announced)
to
3/31/14

The amounts where the initial fares of
the current automatic approved fares
are multiplied by 108/105 percent
and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of
10 yen become the revised initial
fares, and adjustments are made sothat increased revenues due to theserevisions become the total income ofstandard business operators and theconsumption tax rates being within
the range of the increased consumption tax rates, along with the settingof revised added distances.

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

S y s t e m ,e t c .

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 2-liter displacement or
below (standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec.
(limited to standard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding
9,000 yen

Increase rate
Consumption
tax shifts

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

A p p r o v a l
D a t e3/10/97(4/1/97)

F a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d(330.00)
2km - 660 yen

10:8.8 contrast withinitial(291.97)274m - 80 yen

S y s t e m ,Increaserate

e t c .

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m.
and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880
yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations:(general, early-morning) 400 yen each time

1.94%

Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen
3/14/97(4/1/97)1km - 340 yen(1) Under 2km
250m - 80 yen
10:8.6 contrast withinitial(291.97)(2) As of 2km
274m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m.
and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:(1) Under 2km: 80 yen / 1 min. 30 sec.
(2) 2km or more: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880 yen/ hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations:(general, early-morning) 400 yen each time
Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

1.94%

10/19/07(publicly
announced)
11/2/07(12/3/07)

2km - 710 yen

288m - 90 yen(limited to standardsized vehicles)

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 2-liter displacement or below(standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m.
and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec. (limited
to standard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

7.22%

I m p l e m e n t a t i o n
D a t e4/1/14

Authorized unregulated fareA d d e d

2km - 730 yen(limited tostandard-sized
vehicles)[Special zones /Busan district]
280m - 90 yen(limited to standardsized vehicles)[Tama district]
276m - 90 yen(limited to standardsized vehicles)

Increaserate

e t c .

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 2-liter displacement or below(standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and5 a.m.
With time factored in:[Special zones / Busan district]
90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec. (limited to standard-sized vehicles)[Tama district]
90 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (limited to standard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

Consumption
tax shifts

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Reference materials

I n i t i a l

S y s t e m ,50

Authorized unregulated fares in Tokyo (special zones / Busan transportation area)
1. Taxis(1) Specific large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares

Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

Initial fares (1hr.)

Added fares

A (maximum fare)

810 yen251m - 90 yen 1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

5,050 yen

2,360 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

800 yen254ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

5,000 yen

2,330 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

790 yen257ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

4,950 yen

2,300 yen / 30 min.

Fare D780 yen261ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

4,900 yen

2,270 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

770 yen265ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares
A (maximum fare)

770 yen

Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

265ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

Initial fares (1hr.)

Added fares

4,850 yen

2,230 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

760 yen268ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

4,800 yen

2,200 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

750 yen272ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C4,750 yen

2,170 yen / 30 min.

Fare D740 yen276ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D4,700 yen

2,140 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

730 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

4,650 yen

2,110 yen / 30 min.

(3) Standard-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares
A (maximum fare)Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

730 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

Added fares

4,650 yen

2,110 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

720 yen284ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

4,600 yen

2,080 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

710 yen288ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C4,550 yen

2,050 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

700 yen292ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D4,500 yen

2,020 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

4,450 yen

1,990 yen / 30 min.

2. Taxis (shortened base distances)(1) Specific large-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
A (maximum fare) 1.749㎞ - 720 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

251ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.746㎞ - 710 yen

254ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.743㎞ - 700 yen

257ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D1.739㎞ - 690 yen

261ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.735㎞ - 680 yen

265ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares
A (maximum fare) 1.735㎞ - 680 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

265ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.732㎞ - 670 yen

268ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.728㎞ - 660 yen

272ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D1.724㎞ - 650 yen

276ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

1.72㎞ - 640 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen(3) Standard-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares

51

Initial fares (1hr.)

Initial fares

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

A (maximum fare)

1.72㎞ - 640 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.716㎞ - 630 yen

284ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.712㎞ - 620 yen

288ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.708㎞ - 610 yen

292ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Authorized unregulated fares in Tokyo (Kita-tama, Minami-tama, and Nishi-tama transportation areas)
1. Taxis(1) Specific large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares

Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

Initial fares (30 min.)

Added fares

A (maximum fare)

810 yen248ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

3,210 yen

3,210 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

800 yen251ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

3,170 yen

3,170 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

790 yen254ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C3,130 yen

3,130 yen / 30 min.

Fare D780 yen258ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D

3,090 yen

3,090 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

770 yen261ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

3,050 yen

3,050 yen / 30 min.

(2) Large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares
A (maximum fare)Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

770 yen261ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

Initial fares (30 min.)

Added fares

3,040 yen

3,040 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

760 yen

264ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

3,000 yen

3,000 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

750 yen268ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

2,960 yen

2,960 yen / 30 min.

Fare D740 yen272ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D

2,920 yen

2,920 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

730 yen276ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

2,880 yen

2,880 yen / 30 min.

(3) Standard-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares
A (maximum fare)

730 yen

Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

276ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Initial fares (30 min.)

Added fares

A (maximum fare)

2,880 yen

2,880 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

720 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

2,840 yen

2,840 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

710 yen284ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

2,800 yen

2,800 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

700 yen288ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

2,760 yen

2,760 yen / 30 min.

2. Taxis (shortened base distances)(1) Specific large-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
A (maximum fare) 1.752㎞ - 720 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

248ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.749㎞ - 710 yen

251ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.746㎞ - 700 yen

254ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D1.742㎞ - 690 yen

258ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.739㎞ - 680 yen

261ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares
A (maximum fare) 1.739㎞ - 680 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

261ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.736㎞ - 670 yen

264ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.732㎞ - 660 yen

268ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D1.728㎞ - 650 yen

272ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.724㎞ - 640 yen

276ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen(3) Standard-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
A (maximum fare) 1.724㎞ - 640 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

276ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.72㎞ - 630 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.716㎞ - 620 yen

284ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.712㎞ - 610 yen

288ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Reference materials

Initial fares

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

52

Fixed taxi fares in Tokyo○Special zones / Busan district - Narita Airport

Zones

A

B

C

D

Regions

Vehicleclassification

Specific largeKatsushika-ku, Edogawa-ku, sized vehicles
Sumida-ku, Koto-ku,
Large-sized
vehiclesDaiba Minato-ku, Higashi
StandardYashio Shinagawa-ku
sized vehicle
Specific largesized vehicles
Adachi-ku, Arakawa-ku,
Large-sized
Taito-ku, Bunkyo-ku,
vehiclesChiyoda-ku, Chuo-ku
Standardsized vehicle
Kita-ku, Toshima-ku,
Specific largesized vehicles
Shinjuku-ku, ShibuyaLarge-sizedku, Minato-ku (excluding
vehiclesDaiba), Meguro-ku,(effective as of April 18, 2014)

Fixed fares
(yen)

Fares
applicable tolate night andearly morning
premiums(yen)

17,00021,10015,30018,90016,00019,00014,40017,10016,00019,00014,40017,10021,00025,90018,90023,30019,00023,30017,10020,90019,00023,30017,10020,90023,00028,10020,70025,20021,00025,20018,90022,600Fares applicable
Fares
tolate night andapplicable toearly morning
premiums forpremiums andthe disabled premiums for the(yen)disabled (yen)Shinagawa-ku (excluding
Higashi Yashio), Ota-ku

Standardsized vehicle

21,00025,20018,90022,600Itabashi-ku, Nerima-ku,
Nakano-ku, Suginami-ku,
Setagaya-ku, Musashinoshi, Mitaka-shi

Specific largesized vehicles
Large-sized
vehiclesStandardsized vehicle

25,00030,20022,50027,10022,00027,20019,80024,40022,00027,20019,80024,400(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled uponpresentation of their certificates.

○Special zones / Busan district - Tokyo Disney Resort

Zones

1

2

3

Regions

Kita-ku, Toshima-ku,
Shinjuku-ku, Shibuya-ku,
Meguro-ku

Itabashi-ku, Nerima-ku,
Nakano-ku, Suginami-ku,
Setagaya-ku

Musashino-shi, Mitaka-shi(effective as of April 18, 2014)

Vehicleclassification

Fixed fares
(yen)

Fares
applicable tolate night andearly morning
premiums(yen)Specific largesized vehicles
Large-sized
vehiclesStandardsized vehicle
Specific largesized vehicles
Large-sized
vehiclesStandardsized vehicle
Specific largesized vehicles
Large-sized
vehiclesStandardsized vehicle

7,500

9,000

6,700

8,100

6,500

8,000

5,800

7,200

6,500

8,000

5,800

7,200

8,500

10,100

7,600

9,000

7,500

9,100

6,700

8,100

7,500

9,100

6,700

8,100

11,50013,60010,30012,20010,00012,4009,000

11,10010,00012,4009,000

11,100Fares applicable
Fares
tolate night andapplicable toearly morning
premiums forpremiums andthe disabled premiums for the(yen)disabled (yen)(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled uponpresentation of their certificates.

53

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

○Special zones / Busan district - Haneda Airport
Service Zone

Fixed fares (yen)Edogawa-ku
Taito-ku
Sumida-ku
Bunkyo-ku
Chiyoda-ku
Shinjuku-ku
Shibuya-ku
Adachi-ku
Katsushika-ku
Arakawa-ku
Kita-kuToshima-ku
Nakano-ku
Suginami-ku
Setagaya-ku
Itabashi-ku
Nerima-ku
Musashino-shi
Mitaka-shi

6,700
6,900
6,800
7,000
5,600
6,800
6,400
8,500
8,700
7,900
8,400
8,500
7,500
8,200
6,600
9,400
9,800
10,700
10,200Fares applicable topremiums for thedisabled (yen)
6,000
6,200
6,100
6,300
5,000
6,100
5,700
7,600
7,800
7,100
7,500
7,600
6,700
7,300
5,900
8,400
8,800
9,600
9,100

Fares applicable to latenight and early morning
premiums (yen)12,50014,90014,50014,50015,80015,60017,00017,80017,10017,10018,80021,00019,80021,30022,70023,30023,50024,40024,40024,70025,40013,30019,70019,70020,70024,70015,40017,10018,400Fares applicable topremiums for thedisabled (yen)
9,500
11,20011,00010,90011,90011,80012,80013,50012,90013,00014,20015,80015,000
16,10017,10017,60017,70018,40018,40018,60019,10010,10014,90014,80015,60018,60011,60012,90013,900○Santama Zone - Haneda Airport
Fixed fares (yen)Chofu-shi
Fuchu-shi
Koganei-shi
Nishitokyo-shi
Higashikurume-shi
Kodaira-shi
Kokubunji-shi
Kunitachi-shi
Kiyose-shi
Higashimurayama-shi
Tachikawa-shi
Higashiyamato-shi
Akishima-shi
Musashimurayama-shi
Fussa-shi
Akiruno-shi (Eastern)
Akiruno-shi (Western)
Mizuho-machi
Hamura-shi
Hinode-machi
Ome-shi
Machida-shi (Eastern)
Machida-shi (Western)
Hachioji-shi (Eastern)
Hachioji-shi (Central)
Hachioji-shi (Western)
Inagi-shiTama-shiHino-shi

10,60012,50012,30012,20013,30013,20014,30015,00014,40014,50015,80017,60016,70017,90019,10019,60019,70020,50020,50020,70021,30011,30016,60016,50017,40020,70012,90014,40015,500Fares applicable to late night andearly morning premiums andpremiums for the disabled (yen)
7,200
7,300
7,300
7,400
6,100
7,300
6,800
9,000
9,100
8,400
8,900
9,000
8,100
8,700
7,200
9,900
10,40011,30010,800(effective as of March 8, 2015)

Fares applicable to late night andearly morning premiums andpremiums for the disabled (yen)11,20013,40013,00013,00014,20014,00015,30016,00015,30015,30016,90018,90017,80019,10020,40020,90021,10021,90021,90022,20022,80011,90017,70017,70018,60022,20013,80015,30016,500(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled uponpresentation of their certificates.
T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Reference materials

Service Zone

(effective as of March 8, 2015)

Fares applicable to latenight and early morning
premiums (yen)
8,000
8,200
8,200
8,300
6,800
8,200
7,600
10,000
10,2009,400
9,900
10,100
9,000
9,700
8,000
11,10011,60012,60012,00054

Hired taxi fares in Tokyo(large-sized vehicles)(effective as of April 1, 2014)

Time-based fare A

Time-based fare B

Initial fares

Added fares

Initial fares

Added fares

Initial fares

Added fares

1 hr. or 15 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

4 hr. or 60 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

8 hr. or 120 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

A (maximum fare)

6,450 yen

2,930 yen

21,130 yen

2,670 yen

37,120 yen

2,410 yen

Fare B

6,350 yen

2,890 yen

20,780 yen

2,630 yen

36,500 yen

2,380 yen

Fare C6,240 yen

2,840 yen

20,430 yen

2,590 yen

35,890 yen

2,330 yen

Fare D

6,130 yen

2,790 yen

20,080 yen

2,540 yen

35,270 yen

2,290 yen

Fare E

6,030 yen

2,740 yen

19,720 yen

2,500 yen

34,650 yen

2,250 yen

Fare F

5,910 yen

2,690 yen

19,370 yen

2,460 yen

34,040 yen

2,210 yen

Fare G

5,810 yen

2,640 yen

19,020 yen

2,410 yen

33,420 yen

2,170 yen

Minimum fares

5,700 yen

2,590 yen

18,660 yen

2,370 yen

32,770 yen

2,130 yen

Long-term contract fare A

Long-term contract fare B

Initial fares

Added fares

Initial fares

Added fares

1 hr. or 15 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

8 hr. or 120 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

A (maximum fare)

5,250 yen

2,620 yen

29,620 yen

2,360 yen

Fare B

5,160 yen

2,580 yen

29,130 yen

2,320 yen

Fare C

5,080 yen

2,540 yen

28,650 yen

2,280 yen

Fare D

4,990 yen

2,500 yen

28,140 yen

2,240 yen

Fare E

4,900 yen

2,450 yen

27,650 yen

2,200 yen

Fare F

4,810 yen

2,410 yen

27,160 yen

2,160 yen

Fare G

4,720 yen

2,370 yen

26,660 yen

2,130 yen

Minimum fares

4,630 yen

2,310 yen

26,160 yen

2,090 yen

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
7.5㎞

55

Time-based fare C

Wait fares
Added fares

A (maximum fare)

4,250 yen

472ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 40 sec. - 230 yen

Fare B

4,190 yen

480ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 45 sec. - 230 yen

Fare C

4,110 yen

488ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 50 sec. - 230 yen

Fare D

4,040 yen

497ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 50 sec. - 230 yen

Fare E

3,970 yen

506ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Fare F

3,900 yen

515ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Fare G

3,830 yen

524ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Minimum fares

3,750 yen

535ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 016

Interactions with taxi industries of other countries.

5/31

1991

9/12

A team that inspects the condition of hiredt a x i s i n E u r o p e ( t e a m l e a d e r : M r. K u n i oFujimoto) inspects condition in London,
Paris, and Frankfurt, and attends the central
conference of the ITLA (International Taxi andLivery Association).

8/7

Vice-President Yasuoka visits the UnitedStates to inspect the condition of taxis in thecity of Atlanta.

5/20

Mr. Peilian Wang of the Dalian Television
Network in the Republic of China and others
visit the Association to inspect the conditionof taxis in Tokyo.

1999

4/3
2000
2001

President Niikura visits South Korea to sign
an agreement to extend the coalition with
the Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership.

11/5

Director Lee of the Seoul Special City Taxi
Transportation Business Partnership in South
Korea and others visit the Association toinspect the local condition of the industry.

6/10

The Korea Local Authorities Foundation forInternational Relations visits the Association
to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

7/19

The Beijing Traffic Management Bureau anda research team for urban development
observation overseas visit the Association toinspect the industry in Tokyo.

8/16

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership visits the Association toobserve the industry in Tokyo.

4/6

An observation team (team leader: VicePresident Kawanabe) of the Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association consisting of the Vice-President
and expert chairpersons make an official
visit to the New York City Taxi and Limousine
Commission (TLC) on April 8 and New York
Cityʼs Metropolitan Taxicab Board of Tradeon April 9 to observe the condition of the taxi
industry in New York City, United States.

to

4/12

2015

2003

5/15

An observation team from the South Korean
Federation of Taxi Workers' Unions visits the
Association to inspect local issues related
to labor, issues concerning the loosening oflabor regulations, etc.

12/21 An observation team representing the taxi
industry in Chinaʼs Wuhan City visits the
Association to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

2014

Mr. Gong Park of the Seoul Special City Taxi
Transportation Business Partnership in South
Korea and others visit the Association toinspect the condition of taxis in Tokyo.

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership in South Korea visits
Japan to sign an agreement for the extensionof the coalition.

2013

Mr. Chao-tung Wang of the Volunteer Traﬃc
Guard Division, Taipei Municipal Government
P o l i c e i n Ta i w a n a n d o t h e r s v i s i t t h e
Association to inspect the condition of taxis
in Tokyo.

1998

6/12

5/26

2012

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership in South Korea visits
Japan to sign an agreement to extend thecoalition.

1995

8/5

Professor Walter Cock of Kingston University
in England visits the Association to inspect
the local condition of the industry.

11/6

2009

1992

European taxi business operators (Mr. Peter
from Germany, Mr. Kavan from Switzerland,
Mr. Schlecht from Austria, Mr. Rude from
France, etc.) come to Japan to inspect theindustry in Tokyo.

6/29

2007

4/6

Director Lee of the Seoul Special City Taxi
Transportation Business Partnership in South
Korea and others visit the Association toinspect the condition of the industry in Tokyo.

10/26 A survey team from the Beijing City Transport
Committee in China visits the Association toinspect the local industry.

President Niikura and others visit South Korea
to sign an agreement to extend the coalition
with the Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership.

11/20 President Niikura and others visit Taiwan tosign an agreement to extend the coalition with
the Taipei City Taxi Transportation Federation.

3/8

2006

to
7/27

2005

1990
7/23

A world taxi conference with representatives
from various countries is held (Director
Kuang-Lieh Lee and two others from South
Korea, Executive Director Betty Lawrence
from the United States, Executive VicePresident Alfred B. LaGasse III from the ITA,
Chairman Geoffrey W. Trotter from England,
and Chairman Phillip Kabin from Germany).

5/18

T h e S i n g a p o r e Ta x i A c a d e m y v i s i t s t h e
Association to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

8/11

T h e Ko r e a Tr a n s p o r t I n s t i t u t e v i s i t s t h e
Association to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

11/15 An observation team (team leader: Viceto
President Kawanabe) consisting of business
11/20 operators registered in the Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association make oﬃcial visits to organizations
such as the TfL (traffic bureau of London),the LTDA (Licensed Taxi Drivers Association),and Taxi Trade Promotions Ltd to observe thecondition of the taxi industry in London, England.
6/30

The Korea Transportation Safety Authority
visits the Association to observe the industryin Tokyo.

Ichiro Kawanabe
Editor :Hirohiko Fujiwara
Publishing office: Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
Issuer :Tokyo s taxis in 2016
Issued in June 2016

4-8-13 Kudanminami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3264-8080 URL: http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/

o
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4-8-13 Kudanminami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3264-8080 URL: http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/