Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Nuclear Physics Gamma-ray Imaging System for Real-Time Rare Isotope
Harvesting, Monitoring and Radiochemical Separation – NP Imager
Ethan Hull Ph.D PI, CEO and Technical Director
Matt Kiser, Ph.D. Director of Physics
Desmond Longford NP Imager Product Manager and Radiochemist
A collaboration with: ORNL (Jared Johnson)
MURR (Heather Hennkens and Alan Ketring)
NSCL (Greg Severin)••••

PHDS Co. Introduction
NP Imager Motivation
NP Imager Prototype Development
Radiochemical Process Imaging

Introduction to PHDS Co.
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors• Est. Fall 2004 – Nuclear and Solid-State Physics Origin• History: Custom Nuclear-Physics Detectors like NPX• Recently: Modular HPGe Systems like GeGI
• Complete Germanium Detector Manufacturing and R&D• Concept and Design• HPGe Crystal Growth• Detector Fabrication• System Integration• Software application• Sales & Service
2017 GeGI-5 (15 lbs.)-----------------------------2008 NPX (150 lbs.)

Fulcrum(8 lbs.)

Specialty
Tactical(9 lbs.)

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

10,000 ft2 Manufacturing
and R&D Facility inKnoxville, TNVertical manufacturing of GeGI Imaging Spectrometers
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Ge Zone Refine

HPGe Crystal GrowthAnalysis

Integration

Electronics

Fabrication

Cryogenics

Motivation

CBRNE Team Training
239Pu ID and Location

239Pu

137Cs

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

500 µCi 137Cs+ 2.5 cm Pb

239Pu

1.4 g

StaticRadiochemistry is Dynamic  Motivation

Radioisotope separation at ORNL REDC Spring 2016
Preliminary Data that enabled Phase-I, First discussions w Alan Ketring.

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

225Ra
225Ac

Motivation
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

99.8 keV 225Ac
40 keV 225Ra

40 keV 225Ra
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

5 min40 keV 225Ra
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

10 min

40 keV 225Ra
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

15 min99.8 keV 225Ac

5 min

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

99.8 keV 225Ac

10 minGamma Ray Imaging Detectors

99.8 keV 225Ac

15 minGamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Collection Carousel

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

AllROIsCollection Carousel

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

225Ac 99.8keVCollection Carousel

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

225Ra 40 keVCollection Carousel

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

221Fr 218 keVCollection Carousel

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

213Bi 440 keVMotivation

Collection Carousel

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

209Tl 465 keV

Motivation: The ability toobserve the dynamic exchangeof isotopes in real time, on thebench or glove box, would be avery useful tool toradiochemists and nuclear
physicists.

NP Imager Technical Development
Phase-II Prototypes

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

DesignNP Imager Technical Development
Phase-II Prototypes
Concept of Operation

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Most radiochemistry laboratories have HPGe detectors for sample counting anyway.
Make the next HPGe detector an NP Imager and gain the advantage of imaging!

NP Imager Technical Development
Phase-II Prototypes

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NP Imager Technical Development
Phase-II Prototypes

Adaptation of detector manufacturing to NP Imager

Ge Zone Refine

HPGe Crystal
GrowthGamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Fabrication
Analysis
Cryogenicsystem

NP Imager

Electronic and Software
Integration

Chassis and Optics

NP Imager(x, y, z) ∆𝒙𝒙 ~ 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
Energy1.
2.

Compton Kinematic Imaging
Pinhole Aperture Imaging• ZoomFactor
3. Coded Aperture – next time

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

1. Compton Imaging
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

𝑬𝑬𝟏𝟏)
𝑬𝑬𝟐𝟐 (𝑬𝑬𝟏𝟏 + 𝑬𝑬𝟐𝟐 )cos 𝜃𝜃 = 1 − 𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐 2 (137 Cs 662 keV••Finds the hottest source fastHigh sensitivity• Detector open
• No collimator or shielding•

Proven useful at MURR and ORNL
during radiochemistry operations

However, aperture imaging is the real key

2. Pinhole Aperture Imaging
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NP Imager
Detector
Sourcesd=ff

2. Pinhole Aperture Imaging
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NP Imager
Detector
Sourcesd=fff
Zoomfactor of x2

ZoomFactor
Gamma Ray Imaging DetectorsZF1

ZF6

NP Imager System
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NP Imager 101 Prototype
HPGe Detector

NP Imager 101
Prototype(Ready for delivery toMURR April 2019)
ZF1

ZF2

ZF3

ZF4

ZF5

ZF6

Pb Pinhole Aperture(1, 3, or 5 mmdiameter insert)

Touchscreen PC

Detector-Aperture Plate

GantryControls

“Zoomfactor”

ZF1

2x 57Co at 38.5 cm

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

“Zoomfactor”

ZF2

2x 57Co at 38.5 cm

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

“Zoomfactor”

ZF3

2x 57Co at 38.5 cm

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

“Zoomfactor”

ZF42x 57Co at 38.5 cm

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

“Zoomfactor”

ZF52x 57Co at 38.5 cm

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

“Zoomfactor”

ZF62x 57Co at 38.5 cm

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

40 keV 225Ra
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

5 min40 keV 225Ra
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

10 min

40 keV 225Ra
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

15 min225Ra Wash (0 min)Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

ORNL
8xLargerthanbefore

225Ra Wash (5 min)Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

ORNL
8xLargerthanbefore

225Ra Wash (10 min)Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

ORNL
8xLargerthanbefore

225Ra Wash (15 min)Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

ORNL
8xLargerthanbefore

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Radiochemistry Imaging Examples

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

MURR
ORNL

NSCL

MURR
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Example of a useful static measurement

MURR

HPLC separation of 159Gd and 161Tb (Highpressure liquid chromatography)

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

20190415 Day 1 at MURR for delivery of
the first NP Imager Prototype

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

MURR

49keV

74
keV

363
keV

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

159Gd
161Tb

7 min

161Tb

159Gd

MURR
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

18 min

161Tb

159Gd

MURR
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

30 min

161Tb

159Gd

MURR
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

37 min

161Tb

159Gd

MURR
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

47 min

161Tb

159Gd

MURR
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

61 min

161Tb

TOP

159Gd

MURRGamma Ray Imaging Detectors

68 min161TbOFF159Gd

MURR
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

77 min161TbOFF159Gd

MURR

177Lu/175Yb Column Separation

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NSCLMay 10, 2019
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Beam Stop

78KrRecirculation
PumpNP Imager 102

9 meters down stream from beam stop at ~ 30°

NSCL

View from NP Imager
Distance = 1.7 meters

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NSCL
NP Imager 102

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NSCL

20190510 1925 78Kr BOT – 2-4 particle nA – 20% dead time 20 kcps
Nothing imaged with BOT – too much background, same cave as the beam stop.

140 keV75mGe?

511 keV
Fast neutron inelastic on
Ge “neutron triangles”

Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NSCL

20190510 2307 Beam off – look at column array – see 77Kr (129 keV) and 511s
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

Beam off target
Imaging was possible.

NSCL
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

129 keV 77Kr !!
(t1/2 = 74 min)

NSCL
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NSCL
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

NSCL
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

129 keV 77Kr 3.9 mCi

129 keV 77Kr 8.7 mCiNSCL
Gamma Ray Imaging Detectors

511s

Summary
NP Imager
PrototypeGamma Ray Imaging Detectors

ORNL

MURR

NSCL