)௪චऩԨ‫ۑ‬ӌ҇ਫ਼҉੝҇ࠕࣜࢫࢡ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫྥୖࠖ◊ಟ㸫㸦ࡑࡢ㸱㸧ࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫྥୖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟㸫‫ۑ‬๓⏣ ඾ᖾ㸦ཎᏊຊᏳ඲᥎㐍༠఍㸧 ಴ᯘ ṇ἞㸦ཎᏊຊᏳ඲᥎㐍༠఍㸧Ặ⏣ ༤ኈ㸦⎔ቃᏳ඲Ꮫ◊✲ᡤࠊඖཎᏊຊᏳ඲᥎㐍༠఍㸧" Human Performance Improvement In the field of Risk Management" Training-Challenges in improving human performance Noriyuki MAEDA (Japan Nuclear Safety Institute),
Masaharu KURABAYASHI (Japan Nuclear Safety Institute),
Hiroshi UJITA (Institute for Environmental and Safety Studies , Former Japan Nuclear Safety Institute)㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࣉࣛࣥࢺࡀᕧ኱」㞧ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࡞ࡿ࡟క࠸ࠊᏳ඲ၥ㢟ࡢࢫࢥ࣮ࣉࡣᗈࡀࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᢏ⾡ⓗಙ㢗ᛶࠊ࣐࣭࣐ࣥࢩ࣭ࣥ࢖ࣥࢱࣇ࢙࢖ࢫࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ᏻ඲ᩥ໬ࡢၥ㢟࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ௒࡛ࡣࢩࢫࢸ࣒඲యࡢࣜࢫࢡࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆぢࡿࣜࢫࢡ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡢどⅬࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢඃඛ㡰఩࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࢥࢫࢺࡶ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞⠊ᅖ࡛⬤ᙅᛶࢆࡘࡪࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ஦ᴗάືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࠿࡛ࡶࠊᏳ඲ᩥ໬㸦⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡢᏳ඲࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿഃ㠃㸧ࡣ஦ᴗάືࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ࡣࣜࢫࢡࡢቑ኱࡟ࡶపῶ࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏳ඲ᩥ໬ࡢᮏ㉁ࡣព㆑ࡉࢀ࡞࠸῝࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ๓ᥦㄆ㆑࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀே㛫⾜ືࢆ⤫ไࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫᨵၿ +3, ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ㛫᥋ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩥ໬ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆ㐺ษ࡟⪃៖ࡋࡓࣜࢫࢡ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࣜࢫࢡ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏳ඲ᩥ໬ࡢᙺ๭࡜ࣜࢫࢡపῶࡢࡓࡵࡢᩥ໬ⓗ᪋⟇ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓㄢ㢟࡜௒ᚋࡢᨵၿ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࠋ㸰㸬ၥ㢟࡜┠ⓗཷㅮ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣᕤᏛ⣔࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣜࢫࢡపῶ࡬ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ㝿ࡶࠊ≀஦ࢆேᩥ⛉Ꮫศ㔝࡟ᒓࡍࡿே㛫ࡢㄆ▱ࡸ⾜ືࠊᚰ⌮≉ᛶࠊࡉࡽ࡟⤌⧊ࡸᩥ໬ࢆ⌮ゎࡋᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟័ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᐃ㔞ⓗᛮ⪃ࡣᐜ᫆ࡔࡀࠊᐃᛶⓗᴫᛕࡸ᪉⟇ࡣᚓᚰࡋ㞴࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ◊ಟ࡛ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠕᏳ඲ᩥ໬࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࠖࠕࣜࢫࢡపῶ࡜Ᏻ඲ᩥ໬ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠖࢆཷㅮ⪅࡟⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ࠊࠕࠕᏳ඲ࡣ኱஦࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᏳ඲ᩥ໬࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ࡢ⌮ゎࡶከ࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞✲ᴟⓗ࡞༢⣧࡞⌮ゎ࡛ࡣලయⓗ࡞ࣜࢫࢡపῶ࡟ࡣຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ◊ಟ࡛ࡣᕤᏛ⣔ࡢཷㅮ⪅࡟ࡶㄽ⌮ⓗ࡟⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࠊࡲࡓࣜࢫࢡ࡜࠸࠺㔞ⓗᴫᛕ࡜Ᏻ඲
ᩥ໬࡜࠸࠺㉁ⓗᴫᛕࡀ⌧ᐇሙ㠃࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃලయⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇሙ㠃࡛ᐃᛶ࡜ᐃ㔞ࡢ୧᪉ࡢどⅬࢆᣢࡗࡓࣜࢫࢡపῶࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ⬟ຊࢆ㌟࡟௜
ࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ⓗ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㸱㸬᪉ἲ◊ಟ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㅮ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩥ໬ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡣḟࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 +3,άື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡢᙺ๭඲࡚ࡢᴗົࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡇ㸦⤌⧊ᵓᡂဨ඲ဨࡢ౯್ほ➼㸧࡟ᡭࢆᡴࡘࡢࡀᩥ໬ⓗ᪋⟇࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡜ࡣఱ࠿ ⤌⧊ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඹ㏻ࡋࡓ⾜ືࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠊุ᩿ᇶ‽ࠊ౯್ほࠊ⪃࠼᪉࡞࡝ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊព㆑࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡯࡝ᙜࡓࡾ๓࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྵࡴࠋ ࣜࢫࢡࢆቑ኱పῶࡉࡏࡿࠊ౯್ほࠊಙᛕࠊጼໃ࣭ែᗘ ௨ୗࠊ౯್ほ➼࡜࠸࠺ ࡢ౛ ౛࠼ࡤࠊே㛫㛵ಀࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡍࡿ࠶ࡲࡾࠊேࡢឤ᝟ࢆᐖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᜍࢀ࡚ᣦ᦬ࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡏࡎ࡟ぢ㐣ࡈࡍ࡜ࣜࢫࢡࢆቑ኱ࡉ
ࡏࡿࠋ㏫࡟ࠊ஫࠸ࢆಙ㢗ࡋᑛᩗࡋ࠶࠸ከᵝ))௪චऩԨ‫ۑ‬ӌ҇ਫ਼҉੝҇࡞ពぢ࡜㆟ㄽࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࣜࢫࢡపῶ࡟ࡘ
࡞ࡀࡿࠋ ࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡜౯್ほ➼ࡢ㛵ಀ ౯್ほ➼ࡣࠊಶேࡢᚰࡢ୰ࡔࡅ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊேࡀാࡃ⤌⧊ ⎔ቃ ࡢ୰࡟ࡶᏑᅾࡋࠊࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞᪋⟇࡜ࡣఱ࠿ ⤌⧊ࡢ౯್ほ➼ࡣࠊ⤌⧊ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅࣭⟶⌮⪅ࡀఱࢆඃඛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊఱࢆ㔜せ࡜⪃࠼࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡍࡿ࠿࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࣜࢫࢡపῶࡢࡓࡵࡢᩥ໬ⓗ࡞᪋⟇ࡣࠕ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀࣜࢫࢡపῶ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡼࡾዲࡲࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ⾜ື ᩥ໬ⓗ᪋⟇   ࣭࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢಁ㐍࣭ࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡࡢಁ㐍࣭ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆᙉ໬࣭₯ᅾⓗ࡞⤌⧊⬤ᙅᛶࡢ᤼㝖࣭ࣜࢫࢡపῶࢆ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡍࡿ ࣜࢫࢡపῶ࡜Ᏻ඲ᩥ໬ࡢ㔊ᡂࡢ㛵ಀ ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡣ⤌⧊άືࡢᐇ㊶࡜ࡑࡢ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⤌⧊࡜⤌⧊ᵓᡂဨࡀࣜࢫࢡపῶࡢ⾜ືࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏳ඲࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡼࡾዲࡲࡋ࠸⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡢ㔊ᡂࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ ࠋ㸲㸬⤖ᯝ◊ಟࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓᩥ໬ⓗせ⣲࡟ಀࡿෆᐜࡢ࡯࠿
࡟ࡶࠊ⡆᫆஦౛ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣜࢫࢡࡢඃඛ㡰఩௜ࡅ㸦ࣜࢫࢡ࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸ࣜࢫࢡࡢ≉ᐃࠊศᯒࠊホ౯㸧ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ◊ಟ඲యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ
ࠕ+3,άື㸻ࣜࢫࢡపῶάື࡛࠶ࡾࠊே㛫ࡢᙅ࠸≉ᛶࢆᢚ࠼ඃࢀࡓ≉ᛶࢆఙࡤࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࠊ࢚࣮ࣛࡢཎᅉࢆே࡟ồࡵࡎࠊ⎔ቃ࣭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ồࡵࡿάືࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ឤ᝿ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ᩥ໬ⓗ᪋⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠕᴫᛕࡣ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆᐇົ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤖ࡧ௜ࡅ࡚άືࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠖࠊࠕᢸᙜ⪅ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ୙᫂ࠋಶே࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᏳ඲ࡢࡓࡵ࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟㛵୚ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣ"ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢឤ᝿ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ≉࡟ᩥ໬ⓗ᪋⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᴫᛕࡣ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ⌧ᐇሙ㠃࡛ຠᯝⓗ࡟㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࡝࡟ࡣ༑ศ࡞⌮ゎࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸳㸬⪃ᐹ㸦ㄢ㢟࡜ᨵၿ⟇㸧ࣜࢫࢡపῶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿே㛫⾜ືࢆࡼࡾⰋ࠸᪉ྥ࡟ㄏᑟࡍࡿࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᴗົࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⬤ᙅᛶࢆぢࡘࡅ₽ࡋ࡚ࡃ⪃࠼᪉࡜ࡑࡢලయⓗ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩥ໬ⓗ᪋⟇ࢆྵࡵ࡚ㅮ⩏ࡸ₇⩦ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣁ࣮ࢻࡢᨵၿࡸ௙஦ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡞࡝࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣜࢫࢡࡣぢ௜ࡅ᫆ࡃࡑࡢపῶ⟇ࡶ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢᩥ໬ⓗ᪋⟇ࡣᴫᛕ⌮ゎ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࣜࢫࢡపῶάື࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮⏤࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࠕࣜࢫࢡ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊỴࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆỴࡵࡽ
ࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊỴࡵࡽࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࡢࣜࢫࢡపῶࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊỴࡵࡽࢀࡓ௨ୖࡢࣜࢫࢡపῶࡣᅗࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࡼࡾ୍ᒙࡢࣜࢫࢡపῶࢆᅗࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ⤌⧊࡜ಶேࡀỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜௨ୖ࡟Ᏻ඲ࢆᕼồࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ
ࢀࡣ⤌⧊ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀᏳ඲ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵ
ࣉࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀᩥ໬ⓗ᪋⟇ࡢᮏ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᖹ᫆࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀฟ᮶࡚࠸࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡿゝⴥ࡛ࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ᫬࡟ㄗゎࢆ⏕ࡴྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㑊ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇົ⪅ྥࡅ◊ಟ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑ
ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆⰋࡃ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
㸴㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵࣜࢫࢡపῶࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ┠࡟ぢ࠼࡚ᨵၿ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࣁ࣮ࢻタィࡸရ㉁ಖドάືࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡑࢀࢆᨭ
࠼ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡶྵࡵ࡚⌮ゎࡋᨵၿࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ⤌⧊ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ࡼࡿᏳ඲ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡀ኱ษ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ௒ᚋࡶ◊ಟࡢᨵၿࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
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