The Energy Conservation Center JapanECAP 14

Energy Conservation Benchmark
System in Japan
ASEAN

METI

ECCJ

November 29, 2017
Yoshitaka USHIO
Senior Adviser
The Energy Conservation Center Japan
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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Energy Management System in Japanese Energy
Conservation Act (Law)
3. Energy Conservation Benchmark System in Japan
3.1 Overview of the Benchmark System in Japan
3.2 Benchmark System in Commercial Sector
3.3 Proposed Benchmark Standard of Hotels
4. Summary

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

1. Introduction

The Energy Conservation Law has Important Role for Promotionof Energy Conservation for Buildings in Japan

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

1. 1 Introduction
Transition of Final Energy Consumption in Japan (1973-2014)
 The GDP grew 2.4 times from 1973 to 2014. As for the energy consumptionof , it increased by 2.4 times in the commercial sector, 1.7times in thetransportation sector, almost 0.8 time in the industrial sector.
Final energy
consumption(Unit: Trillion yen. 2005 prices)

1973→2014

Real GDP

Final energy consumption
FY1973→2014

1.2-times

1973→2014

2.4 Times

Transportation

Transportation sector
19732014

1.7-fold
1.7-time

Transportation sector

Residential
sector19732014

Residential sector

2.2-tims
2.0-fold

Commercial sector

Comm Residentialercial(millions kL of crude oil equivalent)

ConsumerCommercial 19732014
Companies,
sectorOffices andOther
2.4-fold
sectorIndustry
sectorIndustry sector

industry

0.8-fold

2.0-tims
19732014

2.4-tims
19732014

0.8-tims
Overall: 1.2-fold
FY

4The Energy Conservation Center Japan

History of Energy Conservation Law in Japan in termsof regulation on Industrial Sector
1920~

Coal Conservation Movement in Osaka Pref.

1947

Heat Management Regulation enacted

1951

Heat Management Law enforced

1973

1st Oil Crisis

1979

Energy Conservation Law enforced

1979~80 2nd Oil Crisis

1993

Energy Conservation Law revised

1997

COP3 (Kyoto Protocol)

1998

Energy Conservation Law revised

2002

Energy Conservation Law revised

2005

Kyoto Protocol into effective

Energy Conservation Law revised
2008

Energy Conservation Law revised

2008~2012

Kyoto Protocol 1st Period

2013

Energy Conservation Law revised

2017

New EC law for Building &mandatory standards

Effective use of Fuel in Industrial Sector (Big Factories)
Designated Factories (Heat), Assignment of HeatManagement Manager, Fuel Record Obligation
Effective use of Fuel and Electricity in Industrial Sector
・EC Guideline, Designated Factories (Electric), Energy
Management Manger, Energy Record Obligation>
Strengthening of regulation on Industrial Sector
EC Guideline target section, Obligatory Periodical Report
Widening of regulation (Mid-size factory & Commercial Str)・Type-1 DFs : Obligatory Mid-Long Term Plan
・ Type-2 DFs : Ty2 Energy Manager, Record Obligation
Strengthening of regulation on Commercial Sector
・ Type-1 DFs : Commercial Sector Added
・ Type-2 DFs : Obligatory Periodical Report
Strengthening of regulation
・Integration of Heat and Electricity
・EC Guideline modified accordingly
Strengthening of regulation
・Regulation on Business Entity ( not Factory)
・Bench Mark introduced as a part of EC Guideline
Strengthening of regulation
・EC Building Code modified and strengthened

5The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Situation of energy consumption
in the commercial sector

As for the commercial sector where energy consumption has
considerably increased, energy consumption “per square meter” hasbeen leveling off or even improved in recent years.
Although the floor area has been consistently on the rise, energy
consumption has been declining in recent years.

6(Sources) Prepared on the basis of the Handbook of Japan's & World Energy & Economic Statistics issued by the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan.

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

1.2 Overview of the Energy Conservation Law and
the Related Regulations on Buildings
Obligation of the Building Owners under the Energy Conservation Law
Design

For Design and
Maintenance
Buildings having total
floor area 300 m2 orlargerConstruction

Before construction
compliance to the EC standard(guideline) specified in the EC
law (2000m2 and more)

Notification of energy saving
measures to the competentauthority (local government)

Operation

Renovation

After operation start
Submission of
periodical
maintenance report tothe competentauthority (local
government)

Submission of thenotification of energy
saving measures tothe competentauthority (local
government) before
extensive renovation

Implemented by the Local Government
For Operation

Specified Business Operator
classified by annual energy
consumption:
1500kL(oe) or more
Designated EM Factory
Type 1: 3000kL(oe) or moreType 2: 1500kL to 3000kL(oe) Energy management control officer is selectedfrom executives.
 Energy management planning promoter tosupport energy management control officer isselected.
 Energy managers(Type 1 or Type 2) are selected
for each designated energy management factory.
 Submission of medium and long-term plan andperiodical report by each company.
Implemented by METI

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The Energy Conservation Center JapanThe Related Regulations on Buildings (new Building Code)Three factors and the Standards of the EE&C in buildings

Factors related to architecturalplanning, construction methods
and materials, such as shape ofthe building, layout of rooms,
materials and structures of partsfacing exterior space (e.g.
external walls, roofs andwindows)

Outdoor climate
Condition

Factors related to thecharacteristics and performancesof the system components suchas efficiency of various machinesthat constitute the building
equipment system

Equipment
DesignArchitectural
DesignEnergySaving
Performance Standards(PAL*)

Equipment efficiency
Standards (no more)

Primary Energy Consumption Standard

PAL: Perimeter Annual Load
Control &Management

Factors related to how to
operate, control and manage
the building equipment
systemFixed an architecture for a sustainable future（ IBEC)

Evaluation Criteria

8The Energy Conservation Center Japan

2. Overview of the Energy Management
System in Japanese Energy Conservation
Law

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

1.3 EC ACT for Operation of Buildings
EC Act Revision in 2008
Energy management by each factory/building by a whole enterprise
Before revision

ABC Co., Ltd.

Specified as
Not specified
Type 1 DesignatedEnergy Management
Factories, etc.
Specified as
Type 2 Designated Energy
Management Factories, etc.

After revision

ABC Co., Ltd.

Specified as
Not specified
Type 1 DesignatedEnergy Management
Factories, etc.
Specified as
Type 2 Designated Energy
Management Factories, etc.
Total energy consumption: 7200kL(≧1500kL)
Specified as Specified Business Operator

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Organization Chart of Energy Management
Headquarters

Company-Wide Energy
Management Committee(A) Energy Management

Control Officer

Members: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, etc.
Secretariat: B, etc.
- Company’s target- Company-wide activity plan
- Company-wide Annual Briefing Session- Company-wide Quarter Review Meeting, etc.

Assist(B)

Instruction

Energy Management
Planning Promoter

Report, Proposal(C) General

Instruction

Report,Proposal

Instruction

Manager ofFactory, etc.

Report,Proposal

Instruction

Report,Proposal(D) Type 1 Energy(E) Type 2 Energy(F) Responsible(G) Responsible

ManagerManager

personpersonType 1 Designated Energy
Management Factory, etc.
(≧3000 kL)
Factory Energy
Management Committee

Type 2 Designated Energy
Management Factory, etc.
(3000 kL > ≧1500 kL)

Small factories, etc.
( 1500 kL > )Branch office( 1500 kL > )Factory’s target, Activity plan,
Monthly review meeting, Energy audit,
Awarding, Report to headquarter, etc.

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Energy Management System under Japanese EC Act“Energy Manager” and “EC guideline” to be Key factors to promote EC
Government (METI) and EC Act
Submission of periodical reportand mid-long term EC plan

Authorization of energy manager

Designated business operator
Top
Management
Registered Energy Manager
Advising on,• Improvement plan EE
equipment• Management of EE & C
Organization
Practical guideline tosupport Energy
management
 EC Guidelines (Mandatory) Energy Management
Manual Numerical target of majorenergy intensity
equipment• Making Periodical Report andMid-long Term plan
• Keeping the energy consuming
facilities in sound condition• Carrying out “Energy Audit”

・Instruction
・Technical
AdviceEngineers(Middle Management)

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The Energy Conservation Center JapanEC Guideline and Energy Management (EM) Manual
Provision by
Government

EC
Guideline

Standards and technical/ administrative
viewpoints are prescribed to improve EC
performance of equipment / system“Guideline” forEnergy Managers

EM
ManualIn-house technical standard or a set of rules
to realize EE&C of equipment/ system
Preparation bybusiness
operators

Operation
Manual, etc.

Workers shall abide by the EM
standard and operation manuals.
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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Report to government with energy efficiency activities

Submission of periodic
reports

Evaluationofthedetails of submitted
reports,
SABC evaluation< Matters to be stated in periodic reports>
 Implementation
statusofenergyconservation measures
 Changes in specific energy consumption
 Status of the benchmark indices (foronly applicable types of business)

In case business
operator’sefforts areutterly
insufficient

In
case
a
business operator
does not follow thedirection given

Punishment

Publication andissuance of anorder

Direct the
preparation andsubmission of a
streamlining
plan

Guidance

METI

Business
operators

 The Act requires business operators to report their activities on energy
efficiency to the government that evaluate them with the report.

In
case
a
business operator
does not follow theorder○Judgement on standards for energy efficiency
measures (Matters to be observed concerningbusiness operators’ management systems andmanagement methods of individual devices○Non-binding target (Reduction by 1% or more onan annual average basis)○ Benchmark index/target levels (for several
business sectors (e.g. manufacture of steel,
power
supply,manufactureofcement,manufacture of paper, petroleum refinery, andmanufacture of chemicals)

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Evaluation system for business operators classification
 All business operators that submit periodic reports are classified into four classes (SABC),and relevant measures would be taken for each categories.
Class SClass AClass B

Business operators
excellent in energy
conservation efforts
7,774 companies*1（62.6%）

Business operators not
in Class S, B or C
3,417 companies（27.5%）*1

Business operators whoseenergy conservation efforts
are not progressing[Levels](i) Having achieved theannualimprovementtarget*2or(ii) Having achieved thebenchmark target*3[Levels]
Not falling under Class S
nor Class B[Measures]
The name and number ofyears of the class S
accomplishment
arepublicized on the METI
website to praise thebusiness operator as an
excellent one.

[Measures]
No particular measures aretaken.

[Levels](i) Having failed to achieve
the non-binding target andincreased specific energy
consumption
fromthepreceding year for two years
in a rowor(ii) Having increased specificenergy consumption by 5%
or more on average for fiveyears

1,221 companies*1（9.8%）[Measures]
A written notice is sent andon-site inspections, etc. areconducted intensively.

Class CBusiness operators
who need closemonitoring[Levels]
Among business operatorsclassified into Class B, thosethat are especially bad atcomplying with judgment
standards[Measures]
Guidance based on Article 6of the Act on the Rational
Use of Energy is provided.

*1 Calculated based on the total number of business operators that have submitted periodic reports in FY2015 (regarding performance in
FY2014) (12,412 companies)*2 Improvement target: Reduction of specific energy consumption by 1% or more on average for five years*3 Benchmark target: Levels to be aimed at in the medium- and long-term in business types and fields covered by the Benchmark System

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan[Reference] Compliance in Each Sector in the Previous Fiscal Year
The Commercial Sector has more S Class business operators and lessproportion of B Class business operators compared to the Industrial
Sector.
*Periodical reporting in FY2015 (Actual results from FY2014)

S Class
No. ofbusiness
operators

Proportion

A Class
No. ofbusiness
operators

Proportion

B Class
No. ofbusiness
operators

Proportion

All business
operators

12,412

7,775

62.6%

3,430

27.7%

1,207

9.7%

Industrial
Sector

6,259

3,240

48.9%

2,182

37.6%

837

13.5%

Commercial
Sector

6,153

4,535

73.7%

1,248

20.3%

370

6.0%

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

3. Energy Conservation Benchmark System in Japan
3.1 Overview of the Benchmark System in Japan
3.2 Benchmark System in Commercial Sector
3.3 Proposed Benchmark Standard of Hotels

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

3.1 Overview of the Benchmark system in Japan
Current State of Energy Conservation in Japan

Change of intensity(taking 1999 as the starting point) As far as the change of the intensity is concerned, it is sluggish in theentire industrial sector, but it is smoothly decreasing in the entire
1.1
commercial sector in spite of external disturbances.

1.0

Industrial sector

0.9

Steel industry
Hot summer (Hottest in
the observation history)Coldsummer

0.8

2008 financial Planned power
stoppage after thecrisisEarthquake

Commercial
Sector

The Great East
Japan Earthquake

0.7
1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

(Fiscal year)

2012

2014

2016

Source: Data of Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Problem Awareness in the Energy ConservationAct●
It became difficult to continue decreasing the energy consumption intensity by 1% ormore in yearly average.
● Superior business operators who had already achieved considerable energy
conservation are not appropriately assessed because it became difficult for them toachieve 1% decrease.

Benchmark system started to be studied as a new assessment index.
2008: Benchmark system statedto be studied

Benchmark system assesses energy conservation of business
operators by using indices common to the business types.
Under the benchmark system, business operators endeavor toachieve the target (level to be aimed at) to realize energy
conservation.

2009: Committee for studying benchmark
system2009-2010: Industry sector
Benchmark system wasintroduced.
<Industry sector: 6 business types 10
fields>(1) Steel industry by blast furnaces(2) Ordinary steel manufacturingindustry by electric furnaces(3) Special steel manufacturingindustry by electric furnaces(4) Electric utility industry(5) Cement manufacturing industry(6) Paper manufacturing industry(7) Paperboard manufacturing industry(8) Petroleum refining industry(9) Basic petrochemicals
manufacturing industry(10) Soda industry<Business types which started to study introduction in
the commercial sector>
6 business types were chosen because their energy
consumption and concentration are great.
(1) Convenience store (2) Hotel (3) Department store(4) Lease office (5) Supermarket (6) Shopping center

2014: Benchmark system for the commercial sector started to bestudiedon a full-scale at the committee for studying assessment system for energy
conservation of the commercial sector
August, 2015: At the summary of Energy Efficiency andConservationSubcommittee, it was decided that “a benchmark system forthe commercial sector should be established”.
November, 2015: Prime Minister Mr. Abe instructed to expand
the benchmark target business in the commercial sector.
April, 2016: Benchmark system was introduced to theconvenience store business.
* Introduced as the first business from thecommercial sector

Source: Data of Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Achievement of Reduction of Energy Consumption Intensity
by 1% in Yearly Average- Business operators who has not achieved "1% reduction of energy
consumption intensity in yearly average in a medium to long term" accountfor 1/3 of the whole. Many of them are in the manufacturing industry.
Yearly averagechange ratio ofenergy consumption
intensity

Ratio ofrelevantbusiness
operators

63.3%

・Broadcast: 60%
・Video, audio, characters,
information production:
59%
・Various commodity
retailing: 54%
・Information service
business: 52%
・Food and beverageretailing: 51%

36.7%

・Mining, quarrying, gravel
extraction: 24%
・Electronic parts, devices,
electronic circuit
manufacturing: 17%・Beverage, tobacco, fodder
manufacturing: 16%
・Rubber productmanufacturing: 16%
・Chemical industry: 16%

Improved

Reduced 25% or more 0.2%
Reduced 20 - 25%
Reduced 15 - 20%
Reduced 10 - 15%
Reduced 5 - 10%

Not achieved

Reduced 1 - 5%

0.4%
0.7%
3.0%
15.3%
43.7%

11.4%
21.3%
Increased 0 - 5%
Increased 5 - 10%
2.7%
Increased 10 - 15% 0.6%
Increased 15 - 20% 0.3%
Increased 20% or more 0.3%

Industries which continuously reduced theintensity for 3 years

Reduced 0 - 1%

(Note) The foregoing is the result of the analysis conducted based on
the periodical reports of the recent 5 years (FY2009 to FY2013).

・Railway: 50%
・Religion: 50%
・Furniture, fixture
manufacturing : 47%
・Banking: 44%
・Food and beveragewholesaling: 44%

・Ceramic, soil and gravel
product manufacturing:
16%
・Non-ferrous metal
manufacturing: 16%
・Electricity business: 15%
・Transportation machine
manufacturing: 15%
・School education: 15%

Source: Data of Ministry of
Economy, Trade and20
Industry

The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Outline of Benchmark System
The benchmark system is meant to assess the energy conservation of business operators byusing the index common to all business types and to promote energy conservation activities ofeach of the operators in an aim to achieve the target (level to be aimed at).
<Significance of introduction of the benchmark system>● Business operators whose energy conservation activities were not appropriately assessedwith the conventional index (reduction of 1% or more) alone can be appropriately assessed interms of energy conservation by using the benchmark index.
● As the assessment is conducted by using an index common to all business types, energy
conservation activities of business operators are objectively understood.

3 elements necessary for the establishment of the benchmark system(1) Business(2) Benchmark index(3) Level to be aimed

Business types consumingenergy with the same or avery similar method are
set.

Assessment indices are set
commonly for target business
operators, considering thespecialties of the target business.

High level to be achieved bytarget business operators in
medium and long terms (top
10% to 20% of target businesstypes) is set.

Business

Benchmark index

Level to be aimed at

Steel industry by blast
furnaces

Energy consumption (kl) /Crude steel volume (t)0.531 kl/t or less

Source: Data of Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry21

The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Achievement of Benchmark Index
The achievement ratios of the steel industry and the electric utility
industry are both 0%, indicating severe situations.

1A
1B
1C

Steel industry by blast
furnaces
Ordinary steel
manufacturing industry byelectric furnaces
Special steel
manufacturing industry byelectric furnaces

Level to be
aimed atNumber ofachievers

Number ofreporters

Achieveme
nt ratio

0.531 kl/t or less

0

3

0%

0.413 kl/t or less

5

32

16%

0.36 kl/t or less

5

19

26%

2

Electric utility industry

100.3% or more

0

11

0%

3

Cement manufacturingindustry

3.891 MJ/t or less

5

17

29%

4A

Paper manufacturing industry
8.532 MJ/t or less

4

20

20%

4B

Paperboard manufacturing
4.944 MJ/t or lessindustry

5

31

16%

5

Petroleum refining industry

0.876 or less

4

13

31%

6A

Basic petrochemicals
manufacturing industry

11.9 GJ/t or less

1

10

10%

6B

Soda industry

3.45 GJ/t or less

8

22

36%

(Note) The foregoing is the result of the analysis conductedbased on the periodical report of FY2013.

Source: Data of Ministry of
Economy, Trade and22
Industry

The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Expansion of the Coverage of EE&C Benchmark System
of EC Law in Building Sector in Japan
 In the first phase, the benchmark system will be introduced in six types ofbuildings and the coverage will become 65%.
 In the second phase, it will be applied to schools and hospitals and thecoverage will be expanded to 75%→Introduce to the applicable types of buildings firstIndustry

Present Coverage 53％

Target of coverage is70%

Building

Otherbuildings

Steel
Chemical andpetroleum

Hotel
CementPaper & pulp

RentalofficeS. market

Shopping center

Depart.
store

Other industries

Already applied as
top batter
Convenient S

Six types of Building
出典：経済産業省資料

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

3.2 Benchmark System in commercial Sector in Japan
Study of Benchmark System to be Introduced into Commercial Sector

 As the total floor area of the commercial sector increased, theenergy consumption of the sector continued to increase, but it
peaked out in 2004 and started to decrease.
 The benchmark system is applied to the commercial sector aswell to increase the coverage ratio.
Energy Consumption(PJ)

Organizations with which the workshop
has studied the assessment indices andlevels Japan Council of Shopping Centers Japan Chain Stores Association
 Japan Department Stores
Association
 Japan Building Owners and JapanFranchiseManagers
Association
Offices
Others
Associationand16%
 Japan Hotel Associationbuildings
Recreatio
 The Real Estate22%
n centers
Companies Association of3%
Japan
Schools
FY2013 Wholesale/8%
1,701(PJ)
retail,Restaurant
departmentsstores and9%supermarkets
Approx. 50% of the
Hospitals Hotels
21%
commercial sector is
11% and inns
10%
covered.

OthersRecreation centers

Schools
Restaurants

Hospitals
Hotelsand inns
Wholesale/retailOfficesandbuildings

Source: Data of Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Benchmark System in Building Sector
 Benchmark index is the energy consumption of the concerned building divided

by the average energy consumption of the sampled buildings of the category
which the concerned building belongs to.
 The standard level is determined based on that 10%-20% of the buildings of theconcerned category can satisfy the level.
 According to the feature of the buildings, the parameters correlated with energy
consumption are different according to the type of buildings. For example, forconvenient stores, each store is identical, but for the rental office buildings, theenergy consumption is of uneven because the tenants varies widely.
 In consideration of these circumstances, three kinds of approaches shown
below are taken for the benchmark system for building energy efficiency inJapan.
Energy Intensity

Actual / average ofthe group
Statistical study

Energy Saving ratio
By simulation tool

Appliedcategories ofbuildings

Convenient stores
Shopping Center

hotels, department
stores, foodsupermarkets

Tenant office

Reasons forapplication

Small variation on
the feature ofbuildings

Many parameters
correlate with energy
consumption

Varies widely due
to variation oftenants

Source：METI website

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Introduction of Benchmark System to theConvenience Store Buildings (already enforced)■Target BusinessJapan Standard Industrial Classification : Convenience store (5891)
A business that mainly retailing various kinds of items such as food anddrink in a self-service system, the store size is small, and it operates all
day or for many hours a day.
■Benchmarks＊Using the intensity indices adopted in the "Commitment to a Low Carbon Society "Total electricity consumption at all branches (stores only)of the convenience store company(kWh)Benchmark ＝Total sales amount of all the branches (stores only)of the convenience store company (million yen)

※ The number of all branches of convenience store is the number of directly managed stores
and affiliated stores.
■Level to Achieve
Level to Achieve：845kWh /million yen

出典：経済産業省資料

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Reference : Single Linear Regression Analysis
If Coefficient of determination (R2) getscloser to 1.0, correlation between two items
will become higher.

２．Coefficient of determination（R2）：0.6011

1．Coefficient of determination（R2）：0.9036

3．Coefficient of determination（R2）：0.3016

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Benchmark standard for Hotels & Department store(under study)
 Benchmark Index
Hotel

Department Store

Actual Energy Consumption(GJ)

Actual Energy Consumption(GJ)

Estimated energy consumption calculated
by multiple regression analysis(GJ)

Estimated energy consumption calculated
by multiple regression analysis(GJ)(2) Service factor (3)Operation factor(1) Scale factor

GuestsFA:
FA：
Accommo EmploFA: guest
Gests(lodging)
dationrooms restaurant/ Indoor(restaurant
yees(nop/yr) /Ballroom)
parking capacity(m2) ballrooms
(nop)
(m2)
(m2)
(nop)
×
(nop/yr)
×
×
×
×
2.238
×
×
0.152
0.831
6.060
＋
＋
＋ -48.241 ＋ 32.745＋＋ 0.030

Total floor area(m2)(1) scale factor

×0.0531(2) Operation factor
Annual sales amount(mill. yen)×
0.0256＋

Note: FA→Floor Area
nop→number of people■Target standard■Target Standard
Targetbenchmark0.723

Number ofsamples(hotels)188

Number of
hotelsachieved
28

Achieved

TargetbenchmarkNumber ofsamples(D. stores)

Number of
D. stores
achieved

Achieved

14.9％

0.792

59

9

15.3％

Source：METI website

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Expansion of Business Types as Target of Benchmark
System (now being studied)■ Benchmark index

Food supermarket
business

Shopping center
business

Actual energy use (GJ)
Estimated energy use calculated withmultiple regression equation (GJ)(2) Operational
factor(1) Scale factor
Total floorarea (m2)x2.214(3) Equipment
factorBusiness hours
of directly owned
stores (hours)

＋

x
0.612

＋

∑(

×

Total floorarea (m2)Yearlybusiness
hours (h))

Cooling casemeasurement(pieces)x
5.884■ Level to be aimed at
Now being studied

Yearly total energy
consumption of all stores (kl)■ Level to be aimed at
Now being studied
Source: Data of Ministry of Economy,
29
Trade and Industry

The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Benchmark Standard for Offices (Under study)

Rental Office
The energy consumption of office buildings varysignificantly according to the busines activities of
the individual tenants
 The energy consumption oftenant office buildings share
62 % of the one of officebuildings
・Owner portion(38.5％)

 Difference is ten times
depending on the businessactivities

Max tentimes
・Tenant portion(61.5％)

Comparison between the energy consumption ofeach tenant in the same building in Marunouchi
district in Tokyo (Mitsubishi Real Estate)

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Expansion of Business Types as Target of Benchmark System(now being studied)Lease office businessAs a result of introduction of the energy conservation potential estimation
tool, the following problems were found. (questionnaire)[Problem 1] Input work is burdensome.  Improvement of the tool
was studied.
• Input items are so many that priority must be put only on necessary items.
• It is difficult to read input items from drawings and becomes necessary to confirm themwith design or construction companies.
• It is desirable to reduce items individually input, such as by using standard values.

[Problem 2] It is difficult to obtain information on tenants 
Improvement of the tool was studied.

• It is impossible to understand as far as the change of the layout of tenants. It isnecessary to review contracts.
• It is difficult to know business days, business hours, air conditioning hours, andtemperature settings of tenants.
• As there are many tenants in large-scale buildings, it takes a long time to collectinformation.

Improvement effect was verified for the main building of the Ministryof Economy, Trade and Industry. As a result, it was found that the
input time was reduced from 12 hours to 5.6 hours (54% reduction).
Source: Data of Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry

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The Energy Conservation Center JapanUse of Energy Consumption Target Tool (ECTT/ECCJ)

Control Tool PC

Architectural Data

Selection of Energy
Conservation measures

Actual Weather Data

Input

Temperature, Humidity,
Amount of Solar
Radiation, Wind Direction,
Wind Velocity(Data of Meteorological
Agency)Planar Shape,
Orientation,
Dimensions,
Glass, Blinds

CompareFacility Data
Number, Capacity, andTemperature of Air
Conditioners, Heat
Sources, Lights, Plug
Sockets, Water Heaters,
and Ventilators

Energy Consumption
Track Record Data

Input
Input
Building Use
Circumstantial Data

Hours used
No. of In-office
Persons
And so on

Estimate
EC
TargetMonthly, For EachType of Energy,
Consumption
Track Record

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Contents of Energy Conservation Measure Menu
(57 Items)
Select from (1) measures taken, (2) no measures taken and (3)equipment not applicable and input the findings in the fields of thecurrent state and the target of a building as a whole.
N
o.

1
：
1
6
：

Equipment
type

Air
conditioner

CategoryI.
Operational
measureII. Minor
renovation

Name

Contents

Coolingsetting
temperatureeasing

Cooling setting temperature is eased within therange that does not impair comfort of people using
the building.

Introductionof total heatexchanger

By introducing total heat exchangers (including outdoor air processor
with total heat exchanger function capable of dehumidification andhumidification), heat load of outdoor air is reduced.

：：

Current

Targe
t

〇

：

〇

〇

：

Source: Data of the Energy Conservation Center,
Japan

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Output Screen (Calculation Result)・Using primary energy consumption estimated if all of 57 energy
conservation measures are implemented as a reference, how muchenergy conservation potential can be expected between the current state
and the target is displayed.
Primary energy
use(GJ)(MJ/m2)

Energyconservation
potential (%)
Deviation from (3)(1) Current

12,674

1,646

▲46%

(2) Target

11,421

1,483

▲36%

(3) Allmeasures

6,814

885

±0%

Energyconservation
potential

Source: Data of the Energy Conservation Center, Japan

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

3.3 Benchmark Standard for Hotels
Target Scope of This Benchmark
Hotel business is classified into city hotels, resort hotels and businesshotels. Meanwhile, hotels joining in Japan Hotel Association as thetarget of this study are classified into city hotels or resort hotels.
Hotels, inns

City
hotelsHotelsResorthotelsScope ofthisbenchmark

Inns

Business
hotels

Source: Data of Japan Hotel
Association

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Coverage Ratio of This Study Target
Of the hotels and inns nationwide, the energy consumption ratioof business operators as target of this benchmark system
accounts for 26%.
 As regards 22% excluded out of this benchmark study, the way toinclude them in the expansion of the target business type isstudied hereafter.
Out ofperiodical
report target:
2,037
thousand kL(52%)

Benchmarktarget: 1,046
thousand kL(26%)
Out ofbenchmarktarget: 869
thousand kL(22%)

Total of hotels and inns of thecountry: 3,952 thousand kL(Hotels: 9,879, inns: 41,899)

Non-membersof Japan Hotel
Association:
451 thousandkL (43%)

Members ofJapan Hotel
Association:
595 thousandkL (57%)

Benchmark target: City hotels, resort hotels
Out of benchmark target: Business hotels, inns
Source: Data of Japan Hotel Association

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Viewpoint and Policy for Studying Benchmark Index

 In order to objectively assess the energy conservation among
business operators by using a common index, the following 4
conditions become necessary.
Viewpoint

PolicyMake sure that the benchmark
assessment does not become
advantageous or disadvantageous due tofluctuation of the operational ratio.

As elements to be included in the equation, prioritize
operational factors (number of guests staying,number of guests using food, beverage and banquet
service, operational ratio of guest rooms, etc.)

２

The benchmark index shall be easily
calculated by business operators.

Factors that are likely to impose excessive burden on
business operators such as collecting information
shall be excluded out of candidates (e.g. area of
backyards of restaurants and banquet halls, capacityand quantity of energy-consuming equipment, etc.).

３

Equations are intuitively understandable.

Avoid complicated equations and use understandable
ones (e.g. do not use those including logs, roots, etc.).

４

Should be appropriate as a statistic index.

Include those in the candidates, whose level ofdecision-making coefficients, t values, etc. are
generally thought to be appropriate.

１

Source: Data of Japan Hotel
Association

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Features of Energy Consumption of Hotels●Energy density is greater at food, beverage and banquet sectors
than that at accommodation and common-use sectors.
●As the operational ratio increases, energy consumption becomes
greater.
●Main energy consumption of indoor parking spaces is only lighting
and ventilation and energy density there is considerably small
compared with other sectors.

Target sector

Averageintensity(GJ/m2)All sectors

2.7

Accommodationand common-use
2.0
sectorFood, beverage
8.3
and banquet sector* All sectors = Accommodation and commonuse sector + Food, beverage and banquet
sector* Food, beverage and banquet sector
includes backyards of kitchens, etc.

■Energy consumption andoperational ratio of guest
rooms

Energy consumption (GJ)

■Energy consumption
intensity by sector

Operational ratio of guest rooms (%)

Source: Data of Japan Hotel
Association

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Selection of Explanatory Variable●The energy consumption of hotels is decided by the usage, capacity, quantity, etc. ofenergy-consuming equipment which the hotels own. However, it is difficult to know
them all.
●Therefore, the following factors were made to be candidates of the elements used in
the multiple regression equation as they are thought to have high relativity with theforegoing factors and their questionnaire data can be used (see the table below).
Factors(1) Scale factor(m2)(2) Service factor(people)(3) Operational
factor (people)

Explanatory variable
Accommodation and common-use
sector area (m2)Restaurant and banquet hall area(m2)

Coefficient ofrelativity with energy
consumption

0.916

0.703

Indoor parking space area (m2)0.715

Employees (people)

0.900

Number of people accommodated(people)Number of guests staying (people)*Yearly total

0.759

0.683

Number of guests using food, beverageand banquet service (people) *Yearly
0.835
total
*The accommodation and common-use sector area (m2) said in (1) above is calculated with thefollowing equation by using questionnaire data.
Accommodation and common-use sector area = Total floor area - (Indoor parking space area +Restaurant area + Banquet hall area)

Source: Data of Japan Hotel
Association

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Setting of Benchmark Index
・The denominator expresses the average value of equivalent hotels
forecast by using a multiple regression equation. If the index issmaller than 1, the hotel is judged to be advanced in energy
conservation.
<Example of calculation of benchmark index (draft)>
Actual energy consumptionof Hotel A (GJ)

Average energy consumption (GJ) of hotels having
the same scale, service, and operational state as
Hotel A

Benchmarkindex of Hotel A<Multiple regression
equation>

A value smaller than 1means that the energy
consumption is smaller
than that of average
hotels.

Scalefactor

Accommodationand commonuse sector areaof Hotel A (m2)Restaurant
and banquet
hall area ofHotel A (m2)

x
2.238

x
6.060

Indoorparking spacearea of HotelA (m2)

x
0.831

ServicefactorNumber ofpeopleaccommodatedin Hotel A(people)x-48.241

Number of
employees atHotel A(people)x
32.745

Operational
factorNumber of

Number of
guestsstaying inHotel A(people/year)

x
0.152

guests using
food, beverageand banquet
service at HotelA (people/year)

x
0.030

* The foregoing is calculated using energy consumption data of member hotels of Japan Hotel
Association.

(Note) The decision coefficient of the above-mentioned forecast equation is0.893, which has sufficient forecast accuracy.

Source: Data of Japan Hotel
Association

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Setting of the Level to be aimed at<Idea of Agency for Natural Resources and Energy>
The level to be aimed at by the hotel industry shall be calculated by thesame method as that used when the factory, etc. EC guideline WG
reviewed the level to be aimed at by the industrial sector last year.
● Use of multiple year data (to exclude specific nature of eachyear)
The data used shall be the value of the benchmark indices of 4 years
in the past from 2012 to 2015 after the Great Earthquake.
● Top 15% level
The benchmark index values calculated for each business operator
are placed from the top in the descending order and the top 15% ismade to be the level to be aimed at.

Hotelindustry

Level to be
aimed atNumber ofsample business
operators

Number ofbusiness
operators whoachieved the level

Achievement
ratio

0.723

188

28

14.9％

Source: Data of Japan Hotel
Association

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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Method for Calculating Benchmark Index Valuesof Business Operators
・ In case of a business operator owning multiple target hotels, values
obtained by weighted average shall be the value for the business
operator as shown in the following calculation example.
Calculation example

Hotel A

Hotel B

Hotel C

Energy use: 60,000GJ Energy use: 80,000GJ Energy use: 40,000GJ(1,548kl)(2,064kl)(1,032kl)
BM index value: 0.912 BM index value: 0.751 BM index value: 1.062
Benchmarkindex valueof thebusiness
operator(60,000GJ×0.912+80,000GJ×0.751+40,000GJ×1.062)= 0.874=(60,000GJ＋80,000GJ＋40,000GJ)

Source: Data of Japan Hotel
Association

42

The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Summary (Benchmark System) The benchmark System in the industrial sector(1) As it is difficult to maintain 1% reduction of energy consumption
intensity in yearly average, the “benchmark system” is studied andintroduced as a new assessment index.
(2) In industries where energy conservation measures are well
implemented (e.g. steel industry and electric utility industry), theachievement of the “benchmark index” has become difficult.
 Expansion of application of the "benchmark system" to thecommercial sector.
(1) In the first phase, the application is expanded to 6 business types(convenience stores, hotels, supermarkets, department stores,
lease offices and shopping centers). In the second phase, theapplication is further expanded to restaurants, schools, hospitals,
amusement centers and others.
(2) Various types of the benchmark values according to the types ofbuildings has been studied and become the EE&C standard inCommercial Sector
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The Energy Conservation Center Japan

Thank You Very Much
SMART CLOVER
ECCJ is promoting“Four Leaf Clover “,which is considered tobring happiness, as“SMART CLOVER”, thesymbol of the persons
who implement EE&C .

The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
URL: http://www.eccj.or.jp
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