7th Asia Pacific Eco-Business Forum
Kawasaki JAPAN , February 8th , 2011
Session 3: Green Innovation Sent Out From Kawasaki

Environmental Innovation Sent Out From Japan
Visions and Strategies for Cities

Dr. FUJITA, Tsuyoshi fujita77@nies.go.jp
Head of Environmental Evaluation System Research Section,
National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan
Alliance Professor of Nagoya University
Visiting Professor at United Nations University
Professor for Graduate School of Engineering, Toyo Univ.

1

Strategies Aimed at Becoming a Low-Carbon Society/Japan
Japan’s long-term goal (long-term goal of 60%-80% reduction in Japan by 2050)

・In October 2010 the Cabinet approved a Basic Law for Prevention of Global
Warming, aimed at a 25% reduction by 2020 and an 80% reduction by 2050.

●Development of innovative technologies and promotion of existing
advanced technologies (promotion of technological development, renewableenergies, and energy conservation)●Structure to move the entire country toward becoming low-carbon(emissions trading, tax system reform, making emissions visible)●Power of outlying areas; initiatives by cities and other areas working
together2

Using Area Action Plans to Handle Mid-Term Goals forBecoming Low-Carbon
Prediction of future trends
Environmentalload

Reduced volume through build-up

Greenhouse gas

Creation of cities that will reduce carbon,etc. (regional effects + emission trading)Mid-term goals

Scenario of a 60-80%
reduction
Long-term goals

1930

1960

1990

2010

2020

2050

Environmentally-friendly cities and regions require
environmental resources, proposals for infrastructure
3
that utilizes society’s resources, etc.

Environmentally-Friendly Cities That Lead the Way for a Low-Carbon
Society• Changing from independent innovation to collaborative social
innovation

Technology Innovation→System Innovation or Collective Innovation• Hierarchal innovation toward a social system from best practice

Individual advanced
environmental technology (ex.:wind power generation)
Individual advanced
environmental technology (ex.:solar power generation)

Collaborative innovationthat binds technologies
togetherMid- and long-term lowcarbon targets

Regional innovation incities and other districts

Individual advanced technology

Individual environmental
technology innovation

Social innovation ofenvironmentally-friendly cities

4Regional System for Recycling Resources
Eco-town and Eco-industrial Developments

5

Example of an Eco-Town Project: Kawasaki Eco-Town
Formation of a Regional Network for Resource Recycling
Ordinary waste
Kawasaki City

Companies in Kawasaki Eco-Town
Stainless-steel manufacturing

C-press t/y
Empty cans・Population: 1.38 million
peoplecompany
Automobile dismantling company

Scrap vehicles

Scrap metal

Waste household

Kawasaki companies that produce
a lot of waste

Kawasaki City・134 companies

Steel-manufacturing company

Home appliance recyclingcompany

・Ordinary waste:
532,000 t/year

Industrial waste

Waste plastic

4,643,000 ton/yelectronic
Waste metal

Blast-furnace slag 5,000 t/y

appliances

Cement-manufacturing
Surplus powercompany

Waste plastic

SludgeSteel-manufacturing company

Ash dust

Plastic bottles

PET to PET recycling company

Paper sludge
t/y

Scrap

Paper-manufacturing company
Waste paper

Mix paper 7,000 t/yIncineration ash

Sewage sludge

OtherCombustion
residue

Sewage treatment facility

General waste
300,000 t/y

Garbage collector

Highly treated water

Other landfill site
Incinerator

Landfill site within thecity(outside Kawasaki)Universalizing Experiences of the Low-Carbon City World, and Developing Plan Evaluation
Methods That Will Expand Into Regions (Ex.: Low-Carbon City Simulation Systems)
City Environmental Database・Public/Social capital
・City/Economic capital・Environmental capital

Selection of Technologies andSystems, and Simulation Systems
Environmental
technology system
Equipment, technology(hardware technology)

Agriculture
Forestry

IndustryCity

Estimation ofdevelopmental
distribution ofenvironmentalload, actions

Simulation of lowcarbon city
environment
technology(Selection oftechnology that reflects
the conditions of thearea)

Option Plans forCity Policies,
Evaluation
Support
Systems
Plan formulation
Combination ofeffective
technology andsystems
Policyevaluation
Designing spacetime boundaries

Publicfacilities

Forest/Coastal
areas

Social technology
systemSystem, structure
Software technology

Support forconsensusbuilding
Ex.: SASExample of Calculation of Effects of Circular Technology ①:
Use of Cement Materials from Ordinary Waste
Example of calculation of potential for utilization of
circular cement industry【t-CO2/y】

1,00 0,000

36,000t/y

38,000t/y

90 0,000

137,000t/y
約 15％％の削減効果

燃焼（廃棄物処理）
輸送（廃棄物処理）80 0,000輸送（生産工程）70 0,000

電力消費（生産工程）

60 0,000
350 0,0000

燃焼（生産工程）

4

脱炭酸（生産工程）
ケース0

ケース1

廃棄物受入量(t/y)

ケース3054,000
00000050,000000000113,000
000
12,00012,000052
1.5
1.5050
31最大
産業
一般
廃棄物
廃棄物 輸送距離 廃棄物
(km)
転換率
処理量
処理量
(重量%)
(t/y)
(t/y)
0%
49000052
0100%
245,000
52
0100%
245,000
52
0100%
245,000
52
00%
50
18620
処理さ れる 19380
10%
7360
50
18620
廃棄物
14.60%
00
18620

000540%川崎市内 神奈川県 関東圏
ケース1
0
粘土系原料
ケース2 28,000
代替
ケース3 245,000
産業廃棄物
ケース4 245,000
ケース １0ケース2
0ケース37,360
燃料系原料
18,620
代替廃棄物
（ 一廃）
ケース4
19,380（ 産廃）

ケース2

廃棄物輸送距離転換率
関東圏外 (km)
(重量%)

000

輸送距離(km)
0000
5.4
550

Technologies That Lower Carbon in a City’s Water, Matter, and Energy, and theEffects of Such Technologies
Based on city environment GIS databases and environmental analysis models, calculating environment
flux from generation of environmental load, and building a process for a technology evaluation system for
low-carbon cities

Broad-area resource circulation

Base city

Lowering ofgroundwaterlevel

Formation of green areas

Effects caused by citystructures

Circulative industrial technologies

Changes inwatercirculation

Rooftop gardening

Water-retentive pavement

Planting trees and plants

Excessive consumptionof energy

SphereEvaluation
using
environmental
analysismodelsExcessiveconsumptionof waterresources

City area energy controls

Energyenvironment
flux

Planting trees and plants

Water
environment
flux

Reduction ofplants’ ability
to grow

Upgrading waste incinerators

Matterenvironment
flux

Lack of final disposal
sites

Increased generationof wasteResource depletion

Creation of heatislands
Sphere○Space analysis system for water, heat energy, generation of waste environmental load, andmovement○Setting a target area and calculating low-carbon effects per year for introduction of technology○System for providing information on technology evaluation systems to the government, citizens,
9and corporations

Research Expansion in Kawasaki City Since 2006, Cooperation Agreement
January 2009

Research collaboration with and expansion to Asian cities for “city environment GIS database systems” and“technology evaluation models”
City environment GIS database
Observation of city heat
environment
Water environment

Rivers (water qualityandamount)
Groundwater(waterqualityandamount)Sewage(waterqualityand amount)

Atmosphericenvironment

Green area
environment

Buildings

Temperature
HumidityWind direction andspeed
Dimensions ofparks and green
Positioning
areas of parks
and green areas
Vegetation

Integrated city environment
space analysis model

Inventory of technologies
and policies

Multi-scale analysis andinteraction between
different environments(co-benefits)

Policy factors that combine
anti-pollution technologies,environmental improvement
technologies and city
industrial technologies

Model of water, air,and heat movement(environmentalscience)○City area energy controls○Covering, improvement,
and conservation of cities
and green areas○Technologies that utilizegroundwater

How different
floors of buildings
areofused
Usebuildings

Use of land
Transportation
network
Population

City waste

Industrial
circulation

Waste from ordinary
household activities
Ordinary wastefrom businessactivities
Citywaste
Circulartechnologies
Information on
input resources
Information on
input fuel○ Anti-pollution technology
system inventory○Waste processing anddisposal technologies○Sewage treatment

City environment
technologies

Buildingstructures
City infrastructure

Anti-pollution
technologies

Model of citytransport andtransportation(social engineering)

Environment industrial
technologies○City industrial symbiosis
technologies○Resource-circulating-city
industrial systemtechnologies○Eco-towns

Bio-mass circulation
technologies○Dispersed water
processing technologies○Vegetation cleansing
technologies○Bio-gas technologies

System for evaluating effects
on the environment andsociety
Calculation of spatial
attribution of environmental
and economic effects, bycombining technology andpolicies

City environment effects

・Increase of artificial heat andexhaust gas

・Reduction of amount ofgroundwater cultivated・Decline in amount ofvegetation

・Increase in amount of waste
generated

Broad-area
environmental effects

・Heat-island phenomenon
・Trans-boundary air
pollution・Groundwater level change
・Land cover change・Lack of disposal sites

Global environment
effects

・Increase in CO2 emissions
・Elevation of averagetemperature

・Increase in energy
consumption

・Resource depletion

Information Systems that Contribute to Building Regional Circulation (1)Regional Databases太平洋セメント㈱of Information on Distribution of Circulating Resources and太平洋セメント㈱熊谷工場
埼玉工場 Information on Industrial Facilities that are Bases for Circulation
Chichibu Taiheiyo Cement
Corporation
Chichibu Plant

Mitsubishi Materials
Corporation
Yokoze Plant

D.C. Corporation
Kawasaki Plant

JFE Steel Corporation
East Japan Works, Chiba

Incineration disposalfacilities～1970s1980s
JFE Steel Corporation
East Japan Works, Keihin

1990s
2000s
Generates power

Amounts of other plastic
CO_M_PLA
emissions

(t/y)
- 50
51 - 150
151 - 300
301 - 450451 -Industrial facilities
Cement manufacturing
facility
Iron and steel
manufacturing facility(blast furnace / cokeoven)

Nippon Steel Corporation
Kimitsu Works

Incineration facilities (Ministry of the Environment: 2005)
Cement manufacturing facilities (Cement Almanac: 2008)
Iron and steel manufacturing facilities (Iron and Steel Almanac: 2008)
Population distribution mesh (National Census: 2005)
Amount of ordinary waste emissions (Ministry of the Environment: 2006)
Other plastic composition ratio (Nikkan C: 1999)

(t/y)
- 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 -Creating packages of low-carbon measures and policies thatsuit the characteristics of the region
Low-carbon environment model districts that utilize the characteristics of the region

Symbiotic housing
environment model district

Concentrated businessenvironment model district

Agriculture and forestry
collaborative environment
model district

Rural area
base

Product services(materials,energy)

Industrial collaborativeenvironment model district

Recyclable
resources, waste
heat12Image of Functions of an Industry Collaborative Low-Carbon Model District(Resource Circulation)
Neighboring District
A (housing andbusinesses)

Solar power generationand heat supply

Area for research and development
concerning the environment and life sciences (8.3ha)

河川

Neighboring District B(housing)

Border of Tonomachi District

Information on power generation and heat manufacturing

Heat supply andIndication of ratios of electric power and heat
control center functions(future guidance)
Information onheat
manufacturing
Amounts of supply and demand for heat

Heat supply
to a broad area

Research andbusiness facilityResearch andbusiness facility

Regional
management centerBusiness andcommerce exchange
district (5.6ha)
Facility
Facility
for exchange
forandsale of goods
sale of goods
Indication of place for delivery
Collection vehicle

Distribution district

Distribution district

Hotel

Heat conduit

District for businessand research anddevelopment (6.7ha)

Research andHotelbusiness facility
Driving information
Information on solid raw materials and fuelInformation on heat supply
Information on quality
Driving information Food waste
Collection vehicle

Waste plastic, waste misc. paper
Reprocessed resin
Information flow
Matter flow (collection)
Matter flow (supply)＊Moderation effect ofSmartchanges in supply and demand for heat
resource-circulation
Collection vehicle
base
Food waste

Solid raw materials and fuelCity gas

Foodprocessing plant

Iron and steel(when there is an insufficientamount of generated heat)

Residue

Incineration exhaust heat

Plant exhaust heat

Energy flow (heat)
Energy flow (electricity, gas)

Heat aggregation
center functions
Incinerated trash

Cement＊Use of highly-efficient, stable,
low-cost resource circulation byutilizing existing facilities

Mixingfacility

Methane Incineration
Trashexhaust
fermentation
incineration
heatfacility
plant＊Reduction of costs by ahigh operation rate andutilization of waste heatImage of the Circular City Planned in China’s Shenyang City
(Population: 7 million)

・Circulation of resources and energy
・Rejuvenation of the community
people live in・Formation of substantial mutual

Residential area
70ha

assistance (territorial power)
2. 0km

km
1.5
Green
Greenareaarea
都市国际
都市国
都市国际
际
都市国际
研究中心
研究中心

Public facility andbusiness area
50ha
GreenGreenareaarea

园区热供给园区热供给中心中心塑料精选塑料精选精明资源循环设施
精明资源循环设施
PET循环利用
PET
PET循环利用循环利用PET循环利用

短纤维制造
短纤维制造
Waste

Hazardous items废水处理废水处理木屑建筑垃圾
木屑建筑垃圾
金属精选
金属精选
甲烷发酵
甲烷发酵
铝精炼
铝精炼废旧汽车
废旧汽车
荧光灯
荧光灯
回收
回收
回收
回收
废家电废家电
High-temperature heat source
回收
回收

Various residues

Low-temperature heat source

Discharged water

Heat conduitResource(hot water)
circulation
Resource
circulation area
area
Heat conduit (cold water)

循环流化床（
循环流化床
ＣＦＢ
循环流化床（（ＣＦＢ）ＣＦＢ））
循环流化床（ＣＦＢ）
发电厂发电厂
Green
Green
area
area

Waste plastic and plastic bottles
Waste paper
Bio-mass
Metal

Re-used water

100ha

水泥厂
水泥厂

焚烧厂焚烧厂

GreenGreen
area
area

Aiming for Environmental Innovation Sent Out From
Kawasaki○Expansion of Japan’s package of “environmental innovation”
technologies and measures into other places in Asia by forming lowcarbon cities‐Formation of concentrated social demonstration models of environmental
innovation, by forming low-carbon model districts○Shared knowledge about low-carbon and complementary effects,
through environmental city collaboration among Japan, other Asian
countries, Europe, and North America－Space formation that improves the effects of city and environmental technologies(smart zoning), and regional management systems‐Lenient environmental project finance system that includes parties that benefit fromindirect or internal low-carbon effects and environmental effects－Low-carbon that includes district management (independence)
Governance system
15

Main Dissertations, Etc. Related to Today’s Presentation
•••••
•••

•
•

Tsuyoshi Fujita, Chen Xudong, Takahiro Ukai, Rie Arai；Review Aimed at Formation of Regional Circular Areas, andSystem Proposals; Compilation of Lectures from the 38th Presentation of Dissertations on Environmental System
Research, pp.145-148，1023.2010
Tsuyoshi Fujita, Minoru Fujii, Yujiro Hirano, Chen Xudong, Satoshi Onishi；Evaluation of Environmental Technology
Policies Aimed at Achieving Co-Benefit Cities – Calculation Example for Kawasaki City; Compilation of Outlines ofResearch Presented at the 2010 Meeting of the Society of Environmental Science, pp.12，0916.2010
Ying Sun, Masashi Watabe, Tsuyoshi Fujita；Research on Factors for Promoting Environmentally-ConsciousOperations by Small- and Mid-Size Companies – Example of Kawasaki City; Compilation of Outlines of ResearchPresented at the 2010 Meeting of the Society of Environmental Science，pp.61，0917.2010
Rene Van Berkel, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Shizuka Hashimoto, Minoru Fujii；Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial
Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Japan, Environmental Science & Technology , Vol.43, No.5, 2009 ,pp.1271-1281,0129.2009
Rene van Berkel, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Shizuka Hashimoto, Yong Geng；Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan :Analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006；Journal of Environmental Management, vol.90,pp.1544-1556,2009
Shizuka Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Yong Geng, Emiri Nagasawa； Achieving CO2 Emission Reduction throughIndustrial Symbiosis: A Case of Kawasaki , Journal of Environmental Management, 2008 (submitted)
Yong Geng, Rene Van Berkel , Tsuyoshi Fujita ；Regional Initiatives on Promoting Cleaner Production in China: A
Case of Liaoning, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008 (submitted)
Zhu Qinghua, Yong Geng, Tsuyoshi Fujita , Shizuka Hashimoto ；Green supply chain management in leading
manufacturers: Case studies in Japanese large companies, International Journal of Sustainable Development andWorld Ecology, 2008 (submitted)
Yong Geng, Pang Zhang, Raymond P. Cote, Tsuyoshi Fujita；Assessment of the National Eco-industrial Park
Standards for Promoting Industrial Symbiosis in China, J. of Industrial Ecology, Vol.13, No.1, pp.15-26, 2008
Looi-Fang Wong, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Kaiquin Xu； Evaluation of regional bio-energy recovery by local methane
fermentation thermal recycling systems, Journal of Waste Management,vol.28, pp.2259-2270, 2008

Thank you for your attention.