MAIN ACTIVITIES OF UNAFEI(1 JANUARY 2000 - 31 DECEMBER 2000)
I. ROLE AND MANDATE
The Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of
Offenders (UNAFEI) was established in Tokyo, Japan in 1961 pursuant to anagreement between the United Nations and the Government of Japan. Its goal is tocontribute to sound social development in Asia and the Pacific region by promoting
regional cooperation in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice, throughtraining and research.
UNAFEI has paid utmost attention to the priority themes identified by theCommission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Moreover, UNAFEI has been
taking up urgent, contemporary problems in the administration of criminal justice inthe region, especially problems generated by rapid socio-economic change (e.g.,transnational organized crime, corruption, economic and computer crime and the reintegration of prisoners into society) as the main themes and topics for its training
courses, seminars and research projects.
II. TRAINING
Training is the principal area and priority of the Institute’s work programmes. In
the international training courses and seminars, participants from different areas ofc rim inal ju stice d iscu ss an d stud y pr es sing pr ob le m s o f cr im in al ju sticeadministration from various perspectives. They deepen their understanding, with thehelp of lectures and advice by the UNAFEI faculty, visiting experts and ad hoc
lecturers. This so-called “problem-solving through an integrated approach” is one of
the chief characteristics of UNAFEI programmes.
Each year, UNAFEI conducts two international training courses (three months
duration) and one international seminar (one month duration). Approximately 80
government officials from various overseas countries receive fellowships from theJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA; a governmental agency for ODA
programmes) each year to participate in all UNAFEI training programmes.
Training courses and seminars are attended by both overseas and Japaneseparticipants. Overseas participants come not only from the Asia-Pacific region but
also from the Middle and Near East, Latin America and Africa. These participants areexperienced practitioners and administrators holding relatively senior positions incriminal justice fields.
During its 39 years of existence, UNAFEI has conducted a total of 116 international
training courses and seminars, in which approximately 2800 criminal justicepersonnel have participated, representing 100 different countries. In their respective
countries, UNAFEI alumni have been playing leading roles and holding important3

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000
posts in the fields of crime prevention and the treatment of offenders, and in relatedorganizations.
A. The 114th International Seminar
1. Introduction
From 17 January to 18 February 2000, 26 participants from 21 countries attended
the 114th International Seminar to examine the main theme of “International
Cooperation to Combat Transnational Organized Crime - with Special Emphasis on
Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition”.
2. Methodology
Firstly, the Seminar participants respectively introduced the current situation
regarding the role and function of criminal justice agencies in their country in thefight against transnational organized crime. Secondly, General Discussion Sessions in
the conference hall examined the subtopics of the main theme. In sum, theparticipants comprehensively examined the manifestations of transnational organizedcrime, including drug trafficking, money laundering and trafficking in women andchildren, which pose a growing threat to the security of the international society andthe stability of sovereign states. How modern criminal justice agencies are to respondto this emerging form of crime through the use of mutual legal assistance andextradition was analyzed, in order to seek concrete recommendations. To conduct eachsession efficiently, the UNAFEI faculty provided the following three topics forparticipant discussion:
Topic 1:

Specific problems and solutions that arise from cases involving
international mutual legal assistance or extradition;
Topic 2: Refusal of mutual legal assistance or extradition; andTopic 3: The framework of mutual legal assistance and extradition: scope,advantages/disadvantages, and the structure and function of a central
authority.

A chairperson, co-chairpersons, rapporteur and co-rapporteurs were elected foreach topic and organized the discussions in relation to the above themes. In theconference hall, the participants and UNAFEI faculty seriously studied thedesignated subtopics and exchanged views. Final reports were compiled, based on thesaid discussions, and were ultimately adopted as the reports of the Seminar. These
reports were printed in their entirety in UNAFEI Resource Material Series No. 57.
3. Outcome Summary
Of grave concern worldwide is the prevalence and complexity of transnationalorganized crime. Its perpetration, under the influence of criminal organizations, hasbeen a serious problem in various countries in the world, including the Asia-Pacificregion. In recognition of the gravity of this situation, the United Nations has given
special attention to the issue of transnational organized crime, establishing the Ad
Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of a Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime in 1998. During the debates of the Committee, it has been generally understood4

MAIN ACTIVITIESthat mutual legal assistance and extradition are two major weapons for effectively
combating transnational organized crime.
However these modalities, in their present manifestations and procedural practices,
are not entirely satisfactory. For example, establishing dual criminality, one of the
traditional prerequisites for rendering mutual legal assistance and extradition, isoften a difficult and time-consuming task for both the requesting and requested
states. Up-to-date information on the pertinent law and its interpretation by bothstates is not always fully available. Thus requiring dual criminality rigidly may
sometimes undermine the efficiency and effectiveness of the mutual legal assistanceand extradition procedure.
Giving due consideration to issues such as the above, the strengthening andimprovement of international cooperation in the fight against transnational organizedcrime through mutual legal assistance and extradition mechanisms were explored.
Recommendations included:(i)

To bridge differences in civil and common law systems, there should be limited
requirements imposed on a requesting country to provide evidence in its request
for extradition or mutual legal assistance. There should also be a flexible
interpretation of dual criminality for extradition.
(ii) Adoption of bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements to decrease uncertainty in theassurance of reciprocity and to increase cooperation in combating serious crime.
Referral to the United Nations Model Treaty should be promoted.
(iii) The principle of aut dedere aut judicare (extradite or prosecute) should be
implemented to bring fugitive offenders to justice. States should enact laws thatallow their nationals to be extradited, especially when there is the consent of theoffender. Alternatively, states could extradite their own nationals for trial abroadon the condition that, once convicted, the fugitive offenders will serve theirsentences in their respective countries.
(iv) The minimum imprisonment system should be adopted by all states to make thescope of offences for which mutual legal assistance can be granted as wide as
possible (except in regard to coercive measures).
(v) Where the proceeds of crime are confiscated, the assets should be shared amongst
countries to enhance and acknowledge the cooperation necessary to fightorganized crime. The basis for asset sharing should be clearly defined in bilateralagreements.
(vi) United Nations to help member states, through the provision of educationmaterials and conferences, to modernize and harmonize their domestic laws.
With transnational organized crime increasing exponentially, it is imperative thatthe relevant agencies strengthen and improve existing mechanisms for international
co-operation in regard to extradition and mutual legal assistance. The introduction ofrelated agreements and treaties, flexible requirements or conditions, and an ethos ofcooperation is essential to combat the growing threat of transnational organized crimein the twenty-first century.

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000
B. The 115th International Training Course
1. Introduction
UNAFEI conducted the 115th International Training Course from 15 May to 7 July
2000 with the main theme, “Current Issues in Correctional Treatment and Effective
Countermeasures”. This Course consisted of 23 participants from 14 countries. The
Institute’s selection of this theme reflects its concern regarding the contemporary
problems increasingly faced by correctional administrations worldwide. These
problems include overcrowding and the treatment of special categories of prisoners,
particularly women, drug-addicted and foreign offenders. By clarifying the actual
situation experienced by correctional administrators in the Asia-Pacific region,
solutions and countermeasures to the challenges in these areas can be developed andimplimented for the betterment of criminal justice.
2. Methodology
The participants identified the current situation of and problems experienced inrelation to current correctional administration, particularly overcrowding and thetreatment of female, foreign and drug-addicted prisoners. In this regard, the current
trends of prisoners and their problems, and the underlying causes of overcrowding,were acknowledged and explored with a view to reducing disparities in treatment andfor the overall improvement of correctional practices.
The objectives of the Course were primarily realized through the Individual
Presentations and Group Workshop sessions. In the former, each participant
presented the actual situation, problems and future prospects of their country withrespect to the main theme of the Course. The Group Workshops further examined thesubtopics of the main theme. To facilitate discussion, the participants were divided
into the following three groups under the guidance of faculty advisers:
Group 1: Practical Measures to Alleviate the Problem of Overcrowding;Group 2: Practical Measures to Improve Prison Conditions; andGroup 3: Current Trends and Problems of Prisoners, and Measures for Effective
Treatment.
Each group elected a chairperson(s) and rapporteur(s) to organize the discussions.
The group members seriously studied the designated subtopics and exchanged theirviews based on information obtained through personal experience, the Individual
Presentations, lectures and so forth. Sixteen sessions were allocated for Group
Discussion. In the fifth, sixth and seventh week, Plenary Meetings were held todiscuss the interim outline of the Group Workshop reports and to offer suggestions
and comments. During the final Plenary Meetings in the seventh week, drafts of theGroup Workshop reports were examined and critiqued by all the participants and the
UNAFEI faculty. Based on these discussions, the Groups further refined their reports
and presented them in the Report-Back Sessions, where they were endorsed as thereports of the Course. The full texts of the reports were published in the UNAFEI
Resource Material Series No. 57.

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MAIN ACTIVITIES
3. Outcome Summary
In recent years, many countries have been confronted with important issues such as
overcrowding in correctional facilities, improvement of prison conditions, an increaseof drug-related offenders and the shortage of effective treatment programmes. Longer
terms of detention for unsentenced inmates and ineffective options for noninstitutional treatment are considered two of the major causes of overcrowding.
On the improvement of prison conditions, the Standard Minimum Rules for theTreatment of Prisoners adopted by the First United Nations Congress on thePrevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, defines the standard of
institutional treatment (including prison conditions) to be satisfied by each country.
However, many countries are confronted with problems which hinder the fulfillmentof this standard.
Similarly, the development and promotion of effective treatment methods forproblematic prisoners is becoming more necessary. With the international tendency
towards borderless crime, foreign prisoners are increasing in number; with different
life customs, language and difficulty in communication becoming significant
treatment issues. Additionally, how to control the health of inmates (including HIV
positive inmates) has become an important correctional issue, particularly in relation
to the treatment of drug-related prisoners. Finally, gender differences in thetreatment of prisoners requires equal attention.
In response to the above issues, the following countermeasures are suggested inregard to resource constraints and overcrowding:(i)

Speedy criminal procedure and effective use of alternative measures toimprisonment including the use of fines, suspension of sentence, community
service orders, weekend detention, house arrest, binding over and recognizance.
(ii) Introduction of Drug Court, utilizing treatment programmes as an alternative to
imprisonment.
(iii) Better utilization of budget to update obsolete facilities, meet base needs anddevelop reporting/assessment systems to ensure the best use of current resources.
(iv) Consider alternatives to budgetary and space constraints including privatizationof services, private sector joint enterprises/ prison works (to augment funding)and open camp prison accommodation.
(v) Increase transparency of the prison administration to raise public awareness andsupport for non-custodial measures.
(vi) Early release measures including parole, remission/reduction of sentence period
and pardons.
Similarly, the following countermeasures are suggested in relation to the treatmentof foreign, female and drug-addicted prisoners:(i)

Educate prison officials on the human rights of prisoners, law/legislation,
multicultural and addiction issues. Recruit skilled and bi-lingual staff.

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000(ii) Develop inmate handbooks to advise prisoners (especially new entrants) on
human rights expectations and obligations. Provide local language and culturalawareness programmes for foreign prisoners.
(iii) Utilize public sector support and the availability of volunteers for prisoner
treatment programmes.
(iv) To ensure the effectiveness of therapeutic programmes, implement measures tocontrol the influx of drugs into prisons and to reduce drug use recidivism.
Separate drug-related/abusing prisoners from mainstream prisoners to reduce
contact and negative influences.
(v) Ensure that female prisoners receive equal treatment including access torehabilitative and educational programmes. Provide adequate health and childcare services, including necessities and child care facilities such as nurseries.
(vi) The development and promotion of bilateral and multilateral conventions on thetransfer of foreign prisoners.
It is necessary for all correctional administrators to work towards the common goalof corrections, that is, to provide humane treatment to all offenders (taking into
consideration human rights concepts) and to help them re-integrate successfully backinto society. Addressing the special needs of specific groups of prisoners, such as drugrelated, female and foreign prisoners, is a fundamental part of this treatment
philosophy. Without commitment from all sectors of the criminal justice system, andgovernmental support, this goal will not be achieved.
C. The 116th International Training Course
1. Introduction
From 28 August to 15 November 2000, UNAFEI conducted the 116th International
Training Course with the main theme, “Effective Methods to Combat Transnational
Organized Crime in Criminal Justice Processes”. This Course consisted of 25
participants from 15 countries. The Institute’s selection of this theme reflects its
concern regarding the increase of transnational organized crime worldwide. The
Course examined current trends and issues in investigating and prosecuting
transnational organized crime, particularly the expansion of investigative techniquesin the areas of electronic surveillance, controlled delivery, undercover operations andtracing crimes.
2. Methodology
The 116th Course endeavored to explore the best means to more effectively combat
transnational organized crime, particularly through the development and expansionof investigative techniques. This was accomplished primarily through the comparative
analysis of the current situation and problems in the participating countries. Our indepth discussions enabled us to put forth effective and practical countermeasures tothis problem, so as to improve the global fight against crime.
This Training Course provided a forum for the exchange of information and views
on how criminal justice agencies in the respective countries detect, investigate andprosecute transnational organized crime cases, as well as the problems and difficulties
encountered in that regard. Discussions also highlighted the importance of8MAIN ACTIVITIES
establishing more efficient investigate systems and the need to increase international
cooperation in this area in order to eradicate such crime.
The objectives were primarily realized through the Individual Presentations andthe Group Workshop sessions. In the former, each participant presented the actual
situation, problems and future prospects of their country with respect to the main
theme of the Course. The Group Workshops further examined the subtopics of themain theme. To facilitate discussions, the participants were divided into the following
three groups, with two focus areas respectively, under the guidance of faculty
advisers:
Group 1: (i) Analysis of the current situation of illicit drug trafficking(ii) Tools facilitating the investigation of transnational organized crime.
The current situation, problems and solutions for:(a) Controlled delivery(b) Electronic surveillance (wire-tapping, communications
interception, etc)(c) Undercover operations;Group 2: (i) Analysis of the current situation of illegal firearms trafficking andhuman (women, children, migrants) trafficking(ii) Methods for obtaining the cooperation of witnesses to punish
organized criminals. Current situation, problems and solutions for:(a) Immunity system(b) Witness and victim protection programmes; andGroup 3: (i) Analysis of the current situation of trafficking in stolen vehicles, cardfraud, money laundering, major transnational organized criminalgroups.
(ii) Components and legal frameworks for combating transnationalorganized crime:(a) Criminalisation of participation in an organized criminal group(b) Anti-money laundering system(c) Asset forfeiture system (for assets derived from organized crimes)
Each group elected a chairperson(s) and rapporteur(s) to organize the discussions.
The group members seriously studied the designated subtopics and exchanged theirviews based on information obtained through personal experience, the Individual
Presentations, lectures and so forth. Seventeen sessions were allocated for Groupdiscussion.
In weeks five and ten, Plenary Meetings were held to discuss the interim outline of
the Group Workshop reports and to offer suggestions and comments. During the
Plenary Meetings, drafts of the Group Workshop reports were examined and critiquedby all the participants and the UNAFEI faculty. Based on these discussions, theGroups further refined their reports and presented them in the Report-Back Sessions,where they were endorsed as the reports of the Course. The reports were published infull in the UNAFEI Resource Material Series No. 58.

9ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000
3. Outcome Summary
Transnational organized crime is a growing threat to the security of theinternational society and the stability of sovereign states. It undermines the integrityof legitimate national economies, global financial systems, the rule of law andfundamental social values. It incorporates all areas of traditional crime including drugtrafficking, money laundering, the use of violence and extortion, acts of corruption,
trafficking in women and children, fraud, industrial espionage, infringement ofintellectual property rights and so forth.
The detection and suppression of transnational organized crime poses uniquechallenges to investigative authorities. Before addressing these challenges, the groups
addressed the current situation regarding illicit drug trafficking, firearms trafficking,the trafficking of stolen vehicles, card fraud, money laundering and the status ofmajor crime groups, to better assess the measures that can be taken to prevent thesecrimes.
In regard to drugs, the shift of opium production from South East Asia to SouthWest Asia denotes an alarming trend. As the refinement of heroin has diminished inSouth East Asia, increased production in methamphetamine has occurred in thisregion. Similarly, increased levels of international drug consumption have been notedin these regions (amongst others), with former drug transit nations now (also)
becoming significant drug consuming nations. Corresponding to these shifts in usage,
the modus operandi and trafficking routes, as wells as the mafia groups involved,
have altered dramatically and expanded expoentially.
From the seizures recorded in 1998/99, it is predicted that amphetamine typestimulants (ATS) will be the major drug problem of the 21st century. The small-scale
production and easy concealment of these drugs presents complex problems for
authorities in terms of detection and prevention, and requires concerted international
effort to contain.
Connected to this, the trafficking of firearms has proliferated in many nations due
to inter-regional conflicts and porous borders. In some regions, such as Brazil andPapua New Guinea, firearms are allegedly used to purchase narcotics. In otherregions, such as Japan, they are primarily used by organized crime groups to carry out
their illicit activities. Similarly, aside from human rights considerations, thetrafficking of persons has provided increased finance and human resources forinternational crime groups and their nefarious undertakings. In several regions,
illegal immigrants seeking economic alleviation or political refuge have been coerced
into prostitution or illegal labor through their links with organized crime groups
offering ‘safe passage’ to foreign nations. In other regions, women and children are
forcibly removed from their homelands to be used in combat, slavery or, particularly
in Africa, be exchanged for guns.
Of equal concern is the traffic of stolen motor vehicles, card fraud and money
laundering mechanisms. The use of underground banking channels such as Hundi or
Hawala allows organized criminal groups to legitimise the proceeds of crime. Thesechannels and similar methods are used to ‘clean’ funds obtained from the above

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MAIN ACTIVITIES
activities. Thus the elimination of money laundering plays a pivotal role in crime
prevention strategies.
The use of traditional investigative methods to combat transnational organizedcrime has proved to be very difficult and ineffective. This demands that law
enforcement agencies utilize special investigative tools such as controlled delivery,
undercover operations and electronic surveillance (wiretapping, communications
interception, etc), whilst maintaining citizens’ human rights and reasonable rights to
privacy. Further strategies to counter transnational organized crime and enhance theoverall effectiveness of investigations at the international level are:(i)

Ratification of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime.
(ii) Development of multilateral and bilateral treaties for the sharing of intelligenceand the transfer of seized assets.
At the national level, recommendations include:(i)

Development of anti-money laundering legislation and reform of bank secrecy
provisions/ company law (especially in regard to establishing offshore companies).
(ii) Criminalization of participation in organized criminal groups.
(iii) Adoption of an immunity system for co-operating defendants in organized crime
investigations and trials.
(iv) Introducing witness protection programmes, including relocation, identitychange, police protection and financial assistance, for organized crime trials.
(v) Identity protection mechanisms in organized crime trials, including nondisclo sure of w itness informa tion, video link testim onies, out- of-court
examination etc.
(vi) Denial of bail for organized crime defendants.
D. Special Seminars and Courses
1. Fifth Special Seminar for Senior Criminal Justice Officials of the People’s
Republic of China
The Fifth Special Seminar for Senior Officials of Criminal Justice in the People’s
Republic of China, entitled “Participation of the Public and Victims in Criminal
Justice Administration”, was held from 28 February to 17 March 2000. Ten seniorcriminal justice officials and UNAFEI faculty comparatively discussed contemporary
problems faced by China and Japan in the realization of criminal justice.
2. First Special Seminar for Kenya on Juvenile Delinquent Treatment Systems
UNAFEI conducted the First Special Seminar for Kenyan criminal justice officials
who are working for the prevention of delinquency and the treatment of juvenile
delinquents in their country. The Seminar, entitled “Juvenile Treatment Systems”,
was held from 2 October to 25 October 2000. The Seminar exposed Kenyan officials to
the workings of the Japanese juvenile justice and treatment system through lecturesand observation visits to relevant agencies. As a result of this comparative study, theofficials successfully developed action plans for the implementation and development

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000
of institutional and community-based treatment systems for juvenile delinquents in
Kenya.
3. Third Special Training Course on Corruption Control in Criminal Justice
UNAFEI conducted the Third Special Training Course entitled “Corruption
Control in Criminal Justice” from 6 November to 1 December 2000. In this course,
thirteen foreign officials engaged in corruption control comparatively analyzed thecurrent situation of corruption, methods of corruption prevention, and measures toenhance international cooperation in this regard.
III. WORKSHOP ON CRIMES RELATED TO THE COMPUTER NETWORKUNAFEI organized the Workshop on “Crimes Related to the Computer Network”,
during the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and theTreatment of Offenders, which was held in Vienna from 10 to 17 April 2000.
The Workshop was a one-day programme held on 15 April 2000. It consisted of a
keynote speech, presentations and panel discussions, with the participation of 17
experts from all over the world. The objective of the Workshop was to provide
participants with information and knowledge about computer crime from both asubstantive standpoint and an investigative standpoint.
In the Keynote address, the Honourable Ms. Anne McLellan, Minister of Justiceand Attorney-General of Canada, noted the growing seriousness of domestic andtransnational computer crime, and the importance of developing effective laws andprocedures for controlling it, without unduly interfering in the legitimate andbeneficial effects of this new technology.
The Workshop held a series of panel discussions. The first panel, entitled “Crimes
Related to the Computer Netw ork: What are they? Which abuses should be
criminalized, and how? How can they be prevented?”, reviewed computer crimes froma criminological and legal point of view. The second panel, entitled “Search and
Seizure: Obtaining Data within a Networked Environment”, comprised of a case-study
scenario on the technical and legal issues that arise from the legal search and seizureof data from computer networks. The third panel, “Search and Seizure: Tracking
Suspects across Computer Networks”, consisted of a case-study scenario on the
tracing of computer communications in multinational networks. The fourth and final
panel, “New Partnerships: Law Enforcement and Industry Cooperation”, dealt withthe relationship between law enforcement, and computer and Internet industries.
As a result of the discussions, the Workshop reached the following conclusions:
1. Computer-related crime should be criminalized;
2. Adequate procedural laws are needed for the investigation and prosecution of
cyber-criminals;
3. Government and industry should work together towards the common goal of
preventing and combating computer crime, so as to make the Internet a secure
place;

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MAIN ACTIVITIES
4. Improved international cooperation is needed in order to trace criminals on theInternet;
5. The United Nations should take further action with regard to the provision oftechnical cooperation and assistance concerning crimes related to computer
networks.
In furtherance of the objectives of the Workshop, in April 2000 UNAFEI published“Crimes Related to the Computer Network - Challenges of the Twenty-first Century”,
a compilation of the written contributions to the first Experts Meeting on theWorkshop on Crimes Related to the Computer Network held at UNAFEI October 5 to9, 1998. These contributions provide the common basis of discussion amongst the
Meeting’s members in determining the scope of the Workshop and the issues to be
discussed. It is believed that this publication will benefit those generally interested incrimes related to computer networks, as well as provide a contextual background to
the Workshop’s development.
IV. TECHNICAL COOPERATION
A. Joint Seminars
Since 1981, UNAFEI has conducted 21 joint seminars under the auspices of JICA
and in collaboration with host governments in Asia and the Pacific. With theparticipation of policy-makers and high-ranking administrators, including members ofacademia, the joint seminars attempt to provide a discussion forum in which
participants can share their views and jointly seek solutions to various problems
currently facing criminal justice administration in both the host country and Japan.
1. Nepal-UNAFEI Joint Seminar
The Nepal-UNAFEI Joint Seminar was held in Kathmandu under the theme of“Effective Countermeasures to Combat Organized Crime in Criminal Justice
Processes” from 19 to 22 December 2000. The Government of the Kingdom of Nepal,
through the Ministry of Home Affairs, and UNAFEI organized the Joint Seminar. The
Joint Seminar was attended by high-ranking Nepalese government officials,
representing all sectors of the criminal justice system. The UNAFEI delegation
comprised of the Director, Deputy Director, three professors, the Linguistic Adviser
and an official from the National Police Agency of Japan. The Joint Seminarconcluded with the adoption of the resulting recommendations for the betterment of
the Nepalese criminal justice system, as from each session.
B. Regional Training Programmes
1. Thailand
In January 2000, UNAFEI dispatched two professors to Thailand to assist the
Office of the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB) in organizing the Eighth Regional
Training Course on “Effective Countermeasures against Drug Offences and theAdvancement of Criminal Justice Administration.”

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000
2. Costa Rica
In July 2000, UNAFEI dispatched two professors to Costa Rica to attend the Second
Regional Seminar on “Effective Measures for the Improvement of Prison Conditions
and Correctional Programmes”, organized and hosted by the Government of Costa
Rica through the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of
Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD).
3. Others
In July and August 2000, two UNAFEI professors were dispatched to Kenya toassist the Children’s Department of the Ministry of Home Affairs and National
Heritage in a project to develop nationwide standards for the treatment of juvenile
offenders.
V. COMPARATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT
Reflecting its emphasis on the systematic relevance of training activities andpriority themes identified by the UN Commission, the research activities of theInstitute are designed to meet practical needs, including those for training materials
for criminal justice personnel. For example, in 2000 UNAFEI updated its research byrequesting several experts from countries in the Asia-Pacific region to report on theirrespective correctional systems. UNAFEI subsequently compiled and published thesereports in a book entitled “Institutional Treatment Profiles of Asia” and distributed
copies internationally.
VI. INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION SERVICES
The Institute continues to collect data and other resource materials on crime
trends, crime prevention strategies and the treatment of offenders, from Asia, thePacific, Africa, Europe and the Americas, and makes use of this information in its
training courses and seminars. The Information and Library Service of the Institutehas been providing, upon request, materials and information to United Nations
agencies, governmental organizations, research institutes and researchers, both
domestic and foreign.
VII. PUBLICATIONS
Reports on training courses and seminars are published regularly by the Institute.
Since 1971, the Institute has issued the Resource Material Series, which contains
contributions by the faculty members, visiting experts and participants of UNAFEI
courses and seminars. In 2000, the 55th edition of the Resource Material Series was
published, as was “Criminal Justice in Japan”, a book presenting a concise picture of
the actual practices in, and administration of, criminal justice in Japan. Additionally,issues 101 to 103 of the UNAFEI Newsletter were published, including a brief reporton each course and seminar (from the 114th to the 116th respectively) and providing
other timely information.
UNAFEI also published “Crimes Related to the Computer Network - Challenges of
the Twenty-first Century”, a compilation of the written contributions to the first14

MAIN ACTIVITIES
Experts Meeting on the Workshop on Crimes Related to the Computer Network, held
at UNAFEI 5 to 9 October, 1998 in preparation for the Tenth United Nations
Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders.
VIII. OTHER ACTIVITIES
A. Public Lecture Programme
On 10 February 2000, the Public Lecture Programme was conducted in the Grand
Conference Hall of the Ministry of Justice. In attendance were many distinguishedguests, UNAFEI alumni and the 114th International Seminar participants. This
Programme was jointly sponsored by the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF),
the Japan Criminal Policy Society (JCPS) and UNAFEI.
Public Lecture Programmes increase the public’s awareness of criminal justiceissues, through comparative international study, by inviting distinguished speakers
from abroad. This year, Dr. Michael Platcha (Professor, Faculty of Law, Gdansk
University, Poland) and Mr. John E. Harris. (Acting Director, Office of International
Affairs, Criminal Division, US Department of Justice, the United States of America)
were invited as speakers to the Programme. They delivered lectures respectively
entitled “The Lockerbie Affair: When Extradition Fails, are the United Nations
Sanctions a Solution? The Role of the Security Council in the Enforcing of the RuleAut Dedere Aut Judicare” and “Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties: Necessity, Merits
and Problems arising in the Negotiation Process”.
B. Assisting UNAFEI Alumni Activities
Various UNAFEI alumni associations in several countries have commenced, or areabout to commence, research activities in their respective criminal justice fields. It is,therefore, one of the important tasks of UNAFEI to support these contributions toimprove the crime situation internationally.
C. Overseas Missions
Mr. Masahiro Tauchi (Deputy Director) and Mr. Hiroshi Tsutomi (Professor)
r ep r e se nte d UN A F E I at the “8th R e g ion al T rain ing C o ur se on E ff e ct ive
Countermeasures against Drug Offenders and the Advancement of Criminal Justice
Administration” convened by the Office of the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB),
Thailand. Mr. Tauchi and Mr. Tsutomi presented expert lectures on the role of the
UNDCP in narcotics law enforcement, and on the work of the ONCB in this regard.
The Training Course was held in Thailand from 16 to 29 January 2000.
Mr. Keiichi Aizawa (Professor) and Mr. Shoji Imafuku (Professor) presented at aconference on “Cooperation in Community-based Corrections in 2000”, held in
Pattaya, Thailand, 21 to 22 February 2000. Mr. Imafuku then traveled to Singapore to
conduct research on community-based treatment systems in the field of corrections
between 23 to 25 February 2000.
Mr. Hiroshi Tsutomi (Professor) attended the Regional Seminar on Assessment andClassification of Adult Offenders and Juvenile Delinquents held by the Economic and

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Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) in Bangkok, Thailand, from 12 to
16 March 2000.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director) and Mr. Chikara Satou (Professor) visited Tashkent,
Uzbekistan, from 19 to 25 March 2000, to attend the Central Asian Seminar on
Transnational Organized Crime, held by the United Nations Office for Drug Control
and Crime Prevention (UNODCCP).
Mr. Masahiro Tauchi (Deputy Director), Mr. Hiroshi Iitsuka (Professor), Mr.
Akihiro Nosaka (Professor) represented UNAFEI at the follow-up seminar to the
Bangladesh-UNAFEI Joint Seminar of March 1998, held in Dhaka, Bangladesh 19 to
21 March 2000. The Deputy Director and the professors then visited Manila, thePhilippines, to conduct a study tour of the Muntinlupa Halfway House and thePhilippine Department of Justice, from 22 to 24 March 2000.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director), Mr. Keiichi Aizawa (Deputy Director), Mr. Hiroshi
Iitsuka (Professor), Mr. Shinya Watanabe (Professor) and Mr. Katsuhiko Jimbo(officer) attended the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime andthe Treatment of Offenders in Vienna, from 10 to 17 April 2000. The UNAFEI
delegation then attended the Ninth United Nations Commission on the Prevention of
Crime and Criminal Justice, also held in Vienna, from 18 to 20 April 2000.
Mr. Yuichiro Tachi (Professor) and Mr. Chikara Satou (Professor) attended theninth session of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of a Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime, held in Vienna, Austria from 12 to 18 June 2000.
Mr. Keiichi Aizawa (Deputy Director), Mr. Chikara Satou (Professor), Ms. Mikiko
Kakihara (Professor), and Mr. Kenji Koroyasu (President, Research and Training
Institute, Ministry of Justice) visited the People’s Republic of China, from 12 to 19
July 2000, for the purpose of fostering international exchange in criminal justiceadministration.
Mr. Hiroshi Tsutomi (Professor) and Mr. Akihiro Nosaka (Professor) visited Kenya
as short-term experts, as part of a JICA international assistance scheme for theprevention of crime by children and young persons, from 16 July to 25 August 2000.
Mr. Hiroshi Iitsuka (Professor) and Mr. Shinya Watanabe (Professor) represented
UNAFEI at the Second International Training Course on the Improvement of Prison
Conditions and Correctional Programmes, San Jose, Costa Rica, from 18 to 26 July
2000.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director) presented a lecture on behalf of UNAFEI at the FirstWorld Congress on Public Security and the Procurement and Administration of
Justice, Mexico City, Mexico, 25 to 29 July 2000.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director) visited the International Center for Criminal Law
Reform and Criminal Justice Policy (ICCLRCJP) in Vancouver, Canada, from 28 to 30

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MAIN ACTIVITIESJuly 2000, to exchange views on the administration of criminal justice institutes andthe working programme of each institute for fiscal year 2001.
Mr. Hiroshi Iitsuka (Professor) visited Kathmandu, Nepal, from 8 to 13 August
2000, in preparation for the Nepal-UNAFEI Joint Seminar to be held December 2000.
Mr. Hiroshi Tsutomi (Professor) participated in the Youth Justice 2000 Conference
Singapore from the 13 to 15 September 2000.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director) attended the Fifteenth Coordination Meeting of the
Network of UN Institutes in Turin, Italy from 19 to 20 September 2000. He thentraveled to Courmayeur, Italy to attend the Eighth ISPAC Plenary Session and theInternational Conference on “Countering Terrorism through Enhanced International
Co-operation” from 21 to 22 September and 22 to 24 September 2000, respectively.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director) and Mr. Keiichi Aizawa (Deputy Director) attended
the Eighth Asia Crime Prevention Foundation World Conference held in Beijing, The
People’s Republic of China from 11 to 16 October 2000. UNAFEI was co-organizer of
the Group Meeting “Internet Related and Other ‘High-tech’ Crimes” for thisconference; a follow-up forum to the “Workshop on Crimes Related to the Computer
Network”, which UNAFEI coordinated as part of the Tenth United Nations Congresson the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders, held in Vienna, April 2000.
Mr. Shinya Watanabe (Professor) represented UNAFEI at the Twentieth Asian andPacific Conference of Correctional Administrators in Sydney, Australia from 5 to 11
November 2000.
M r. Keiichi Aizawa attended the First Independent Commission Against
Corruption (ICAC) Symposium in Hong Kong from 13 to 16 November 2000.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director), Mr. Keiichi Aizawa (Deputy Director), Mr. Yuichiro
Tachi (Professor), Mr. Hiroshi Iitsuka (Professor), Mr. Hiroshi Tsutomi (Professor),and Ms. Rebecca Findlay-Debeck (Linguistic Adviser) represented UNAFEI at the
Nepal-UNAFEI Joint Seminar on “Effective Countermeasures to Combat Organized
Crime in Criminal Justice Processes”, in Kathmandu, Nepal, from 19 to 22 December
2000.
D. Assisting ACPF Activities
UNAFEI cooperates and corroborates with the ACPF to further improve crime
prevention and criminal justice administration in the region. Since UNAFEI and the
ACPF have many similar goals, and a large part of ACPF’s membership consist of
UNAFEI alumni, the relationship between the two is strong. An example of thiscooperation and corroboration can be seen in 8th ACPF International World
Conference, which was held in Beijing, the Peoples Republic of China, in October
2000. UNAFEI co-organized the Group Meeting “Internet Related and Other ‘Hightech’ Crimes” as part of the World Conference. This Group Meeting was a follow-up
forum to the “Workshop on Crimes Related to the Computer Network”, which

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000
UNAFEI coordinated as part of the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Preventionof Crime and Treatment of Offenders, held in Vienna, April 2000.
IX. HUMAN RESOURCES
A. Staff
In 1970, the Government of Japan assumed full financial and administrative
responsibility for running the Institute. The Director, Deputy Director and sevenprofessors are selected from among public prosecutors, the judiciary, corrections andprobation. UNAFEI also has approximately 20 administrative staff members, who areappointed from among officials of the Government of Japan, and a linguistic adviser.
Moreover, the Ministry of Justice invites visiting experts from abroad to each training
course and seminar. The Institute has also received valuable assistance from various
experts, volunteers and related agencies in conducting its training programmes.
B. Faculty Changes
Mr. Masahiro Tauchi, formerly Deputy Director of UNAFEI, was transferred toTokyo Public Prosecutors Office and appointed Deputy Director of General Affairs
Department on 1 April 2000.
Mr. Keiichi Aizawa, formerly Professor of UNAFEI, was appointed Deputy Directorof UNAFEI on 1 April 2000.
Mr. Shoji Imafuku, formerly Professor of UNAFEI, was transferred to the Kanto
Regional Parole Board as Assistant Chief of General Affairs Division on 1 April 2000.
Mr. Yuichiro Tachi, formerly a Public Prosecutor with the Osaka District Public
Prosecutors Office, joined UNAFEI as a Professor on 1 April 2000.
Ms. Mikiko Kakihara, formerly an Administrative Official in the Counsellors’ Officeof the Rehabilitation Bureau of the Ministry of Justice, joined UNAFEI as a Professoron 1 April 2000.
X. FINANCESThe Ministry of Justice primarily provides the Institute’s budget. The total amountof the UNAFEI budget is approximately ¥336 million per year. Additionally, JICA
and the ACPF provides assistance for the Institute’s international training courses
and seminars.

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