ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟♫఍๰㐀ࣘࢽࢵࢺ ௧࿴ 5 ᖺᗘ ◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩
┠ḟ

໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
඲⌫つᶍᾏὒ࣓ࢱ࣑࢜ࢡࢫࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡿࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢ⏕άྐゎ᫂
Elucidation of the Life Cycle of Parmales through Global Marine Metaomics Data Analysis
క ᗈ㍤㸪᱓⏣ ᫭㸪⥴᪉ ༤அ

3

㝮⏣ ᭷ே㸪᪂஭ ᩄ㸪኱ᐑ ᐶஂ

5ࣛࢪ࢝ࣝࢣ࣮ࢪࢻᢏ⾡
Radical Caging Technologyኳ↛࣭ྜᡂ⁽ヨᩱࡢྜᡂ࡜≉ᛶホ౯㸸ఏ⤫ⓗ࣭㠉᪂ⓗ⏝㏵ࡢⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵࡢ▱㆑ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆᇙࡵࡿ
Synthesis and characterization of natural and synthetic lacquer samples: closing the knowledge gap for theadvancement of both traditional and novel applicationsࣆࣥࢳ࢙ࣛ ࣇࣛࣥࢳ࢙ࢫ࢝㸪ྻ 䫑⋹㸪ᓠᑿ ᜨே㸪୰ᮧ ṇ἞㸪ୗฟ ♸ኴ㑻㸪ࣇ࢛ࣝࢸ ࢚ࣜ࢝㸪ࢱࣥࣈ࣮ࣜࢽ ࢹ࢕࢚ࢦ㸪࣎ࢼࢻ࣮ࢗࢳ࢙ ࢖ࣛࣜ࢔7࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຠ⋡࡜⪏ᦶ⪖ᛶࢆ୧❧ࡉࡏࡿࠊ₶⁥Ἔ⏝ከศᒱ࣏࣐࣮ࣜῧຍ๣ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
Development of Hyperbranched Polymer Additives for Lubricants that Improve Both Energy Efficiency and Wear
ResistanceⓏ㜰 㞞⪽㸪㧘ᶫ ⿱

9࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲ᡤ⇕࣭㟁ຊྍኚే⤥࡟ࡼࡿࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫᨵ㉁࡜㟁ຊ㟂⤥ᖹ⁥໬Biomass Reforming and Smoothing of Electricity Supply-Demand by Variable Combined Heat and Power Supplyඵᮌ 㔜㑻㸪ྥ஭ ၨ♸㸪ᑠす ဴஅ㸪⏣ᐑ ⿱அ㸪㧗ᒣ ᐃḟ㸪ᱵ⃝ ಇ᫂11⏕Ꮡᅪ◊✲ᡤ
Char ࠾ࡼࡧᾮ໬≀ࡢྠ᫬⏕⏘࡟ྥࡅࡓࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫᛴ㏿⇕ศゎᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
̾800Υຍ⇕᫬ࡢゐ፹ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ̾
Development of Fast Pyrolysis Technology for Simultaneous Production of Char and Liquids from Biomass
̾Examination of the Catalytic Effect at 800°C Heating̾⏿ ಇ඘㸪ᮏ㛫 ༓ᬗ㸪Ώ㎶ 㝯ྖ

13⚟ᓥ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⎔ቃᨺᑕ⬟ゎᯒ࠾ࡼࡧ⎔ቃᅇ᚟ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐃ᦠ◊✲Collaborative Research on Environmental Radioactivity Assessment and Restoration in Fukushimaୖ⏣ ⩏຾㸪㇂ᇉ ᐇ㸪஧⎼ ┤Ⓩ

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15

㜵⅏◊✲ᡤ
ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ほᡭἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏◊✲Basic Research of Carbon Dioxide Observation Method Using Drone஭ཱྀ ᩗ㞝㸪㧗ᶫ ࡅࢇࡋ㸪ᴮᮏ ๛㸪ྜྷ⏣ ⪽18࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࣭࣓ࢥࣥࢹࣝࢱࡢ㎰ᮧ♫఍ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿேⅭⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ⮬↛ⓗせᅉࡢᙳ㡪Impacts of anthropogenic and natural drivers on the sustainability of rural societies in the Vietnamese Mekong Deltaࢧ࣓ ࢝ࣥࢺ࢘ࢩࣗ㸪ゅ ဴஓ㸪ᰗἑ 㞞அ㸪ࢻ࢔ࣥ ࣂࣥ ࣅࣥ22ᩳ㠃ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻྍど໬ࢶ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ⠏࡜ᅵ◁⅏ᐖࣞࢪ࢚ࣜࣥࢫࡢྥୖ࡟ྥࡅࡓᆅᇦᐇ㊶
Hillslope hazard mapping and trial implementation toward improvement of regional resilience for landslide disasterᯇᅄ 㞝㥽㸪⏿ᒣ ‶๎㸪⏥ᒣ ἞㸪Ώ㑓 ဴᘯ㸪㰻⸨ ோ㸪ᯇᓮ ᾈஅ

26࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࡢ⇕ᖏἾⅣᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὥỈ࣭ⅆ⅏ࣜࢫࢡ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
Flood and Fire Risk in Tropical Peatland in Indonesiaᒣᮏ ࢚ࣦ࢓㸪బᒣ ᩗὒ㸪ᒣᮏ ᾈ኱㸪⏥ⱘ ἞

30

ὶ㊰ኚື࡟ࡼࡿỏ℃ཎࡢᆅᙧኚື≉ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓἙᕝ࣭ỏ℃ཎᩚഛ᪉ἲࡢ᳨ウ
Suitable river regulation work considering the characteristics of floodplain topographic changes due to channel
deformations➉ᯘ ὒྐ㸪⸨⏣ ṇ἞㸪࣓ࢢ ࣅࢩ࣐ࣗ࣡࢝ࣝ㸪࣓࢘ࢩࣗ ࢩࣥ33ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ◊✲◊✲ᡤ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔⇕ᖏἾⅣᆅࡢⅆ⅏㜵⅏࡟ྥࡅࡓ኱Ẽほ ◊✲Atmospheric observation study for fire prevention in Indonesian tropical peatlandsᑠᕝ ࡲࡾᏊ㸪⏥ᒣ ἞㸪ᒣᮏ ࢚ࣂ ࣑࢔ ࢩࢫ࢝㸪ᒣᮏ ᾈ኱㸪బᒣ ᩗὒ35ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣄࢺ࠿ࡽ㟋㛗㢮࡬ࡢ࢘࢖ࣝࢫឤᰁࡢ≉ᐃ
Identification of human-to-primates viral spillover in Southeast Asia࢜ࣇ࢕ࣥࢽ ࣘࢹ࢕ࣝ㸪ᒣ⏣ ༓ె㸪⸨⃝ 㐨Ꮚ㸪ᆏᮏ 㱟ኴ㸪ࣄࢲࣖࢵࢺ ࣐࣊ࣝࣥ㸪ᒣᓮ ΅

-2-

39

඲⌫つᶍᾏὒ࣓ࢱ࣑࢜ࢡࢫࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡿࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢ⏕άྐゎ᫂
Elucidation of the Life Cycle of Parmales through Global Marine Metaomics Data
Analysisక ᗈ㍤1㸪᱓⏣ ᫭2㸪⥴᪉ ༤அ1
Hiroki Ban 1, Akira Kuwata 2 and Hiroyuki Ogata 11ி㒔኱Ꮫ ໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University2Ỉ⏘◊✲࣭ᩍ⫱ᶵᵓ Ỉ⏘㈨※◊✲ᡤFisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency

Parmales is a group of marine eukaryotic microalgae with two forms: naked flagellates and silicified cells. Althoughclosely related to diatoms, which contribute to 20% of Earth’s primary production, parmaleans are minor entities in themodern ocean. Parmales and diatoms represent contrasting entities, and characterizing their diversity and biogeography
is expected to provide fundamental insights into their ecological and evolutionary strategies. In this study, wequantitatively evaluated their diversity and distribution by analyzing over 3,000 DNA metabarcoding. As a result, we
confirmed that Parmales is a minor entity, both in terms of diversity and abundance. We also detailed the distributionof Parmales and found each taxonomic clade/subclade is adapted to specific ecological niche.
Key Words : global distribution, metabarcoding, ocean, Parmales, phytoplankton㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡣࠊ୺࡟ᾏὒ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿ┿᰾ᚤ⣽⸴㢮࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢩ࡛ࣜ࢝ฟ᮶ࡓ⣽⬊ቨࢆᣢࡘࣇ࢙࣮ࢬ࡜⣽⬊ቨࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸㠴ẟ⣽⬊ࡢ஧ࡘࡢᙧែࢆࡑࡢ⏕ά⎔࡟ᣢࡘ 1-3)ࠋ㏆ᖺࡢ◊✲ࡢⓎᒎ࠿ࡽࠊࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡣࠊྠࡌࡃࢩࣜ࢝
ࡢẆࢆᣢࡕࠊᆅ⌫ୖࡢᇶ♏⏕⏘ࡢ⣙ 20%ࢆᢸ࠺⌛⸴࡜ጜጒ⩌࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ 3)ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊගྜ
ᡂࡢࡳࢆ⾜࠺⌛⸴࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡣࢩࣜ࢝Ẇࢆࡶࡘࣇ࢙࣮ࢬ࡛ගྜᡂࢆ⾜࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊẆࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸㠴ẟ⣽⬊ࡢࣇ࢙࣮ࢬ࡛ࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔ࡢᦤ㣗ࡶ⾜࠺ΰྜᰤ㣴⏕≀࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊᇵ㣴ᰴ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓࢤࣀ࣒
ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ 4)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࡀᐇ㝿ࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆ
ᣢࡘ࠿ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣබඹࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ඲⌫つᶍࡢᾏὒ࣓ࢱ࢜
࣑ࢡࢫࢹ࣮ࢱࢆά⏝ࡋࠊ(I) ࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡀ඲⌫つᶍ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕ᜥศᕸࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ(II) ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศᕸ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྛࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࢆษࡾ᭰࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡢ஧ࡘࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࠿ࡽࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢ⏕άྐࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ◊✲ᐇ᪋ᮇ㛫ࡢ㒔ྜୖࠊᮏሗ
࿌᭩࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲ࡀ᏶஢ࡋࡓ (I) ࡢࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢ඲⌫つᶍᾏὒศᕸ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ(I)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ EukBank ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢ⣔⤫ᆅ⌮ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴࡜⌛⸴ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢከᵝᛶ࡜⏕≀ᆅ⌮ࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⌛⸴࡜ࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢ⏕ែᏛⓗ࣭㐍໬ⓗᡓ␎ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ᑐࡍࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞᝟ሗࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋEukBank ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡣබඹࢹ࣮
ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟Ⓩ㘓ࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢱࣂ࣮ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢹ࣮ࢱ㸦┿᰾⏕≀ 18S rRNA 㑇ఏᏊ V4 㡿ᇦ㸧ࢆໟᣓⓗ࡟࣮࢟ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ15,000 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆྵࡴࠋEukBank ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡣ
18S rRNA 㑇ఏᏊ V4 㡿ᇦࡢ amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)ࡢ㓄ิ࡜ࠊྛࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ASV ࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢺ
ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ EukBank ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ 3,200 ࡢᾏὒࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࠊ㏆ᖺ᪂ࡓ࡟༢㞳ࡉࢀࡓ TiparmaࠊTetraparma,ࠊ’Scaly parma’࡟ᒓࡍࡿ᪂つᰴ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ᭱᪂ࡢ▱ぢ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢከᵝᛶ࡜ศᕸࢆ⣽࠿࡞ศ㢮Ꮫⓗゎീ࡛ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ㸰㸬᪉ἲ(1) ゎᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ㑅ᐃ
EukBankࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡣᾏỈࡸ†Ỉࠊᅵተ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ࣂ࢖࣮࣒࢜࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ

-3-◊✲࡛ࡣ」ᩘࡢ᮲௳࠿ࡽࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᾏὒ⾲ᒙ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ3,200ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆᚓࡓࠋ
(2) amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)ࡢศ㢮ࡲࡎึࡵ࡟බඹࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ➼࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ18S rRNA㑇ఏᏊ඲㛗㓄ิ࠿ࡽࠊࣜࣇ࢓ࣞࣥࢫ࡜࡞ࡿࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴
ࡢ᭱ᑬ⣔⤫ᶞࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⣔⤫ᶞ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚EukBank࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢASVࢆ᭱ᑬἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣐ࢵ
ࣆࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊྛASVࡀࡇࡢ⣔⤫ᶞࡢ࡝ࡢࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢࢡ࣮ࣞࢻ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ࠿ศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ(3) ⏕ែᏛⓗศᯒྛASVࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟࡝ࢀࡔࡅฟ⌧ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢከᵝᛶゎᯒࡸศᕸࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓྛࢡ࣮ࣞࢻ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊศᕸࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ➼࡟㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿᳨ドࡋࡓࠋ㸱㸬⤖ᯝ(1) ࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ASVࡢ඲ᾏὒศᕸ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ゎᯒࡋࡓἢᓊᇦ࡜እὒᇦ
ࡢ୧᪉ࢆྵࡴィ3,200ࡢᾏὒࢧࣥࣉ
ࣝࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ⣙90%ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ࣃࣝ
࣐⸴ࡢASVࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓ (ᅗ1)ࠋࡇࢀ
ࡣࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢᾏὒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖜᗈ࠸ศ
ᕸࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࣃ࣐ࣝ
⸴ࡢ┿᰾⏕≀⩌㞟࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏑᅾ㔞ࡣࠊ୰ኸ್࡛0.05%ࠊᖹᆒ್࡛0.16%
࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⩌㞟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡣ࣐
࢖ࢼ࣮࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤫ィⓗᡭἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ண
ࡉࢀࡓᾏὒ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ඲ࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢ
ASVᩘ(Ҹ✀ᩘ)ࡣ⣙316ASV࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢᩘࡣ⌛⸴࡛ண ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⣙10୓✀5)࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ᴟࡵ࡚ప࠸ࠋࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡀᾏὒ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ᅗ 1. ࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡢ඲⌫ศᕸᏑᅾ㔞ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࠊከᵝᛶࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࠊ࣐࢖ࢼ࣮Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ࡣἢᓊ࡜እὒᇦࡢ୧᪉࡛ࠊᴟᇦ࡟ከࡃࠊ⇕ᖏ࡟ྥ࠿࠺࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ศᕸࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᣢࡘࡇ
࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
(2) ࢡ࣮ࣞࢻ࣭ࢧࣈࢡ࣮ࣞࢻࡈ࡜ࡢศᕸࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࣃ࣐ࣝ⸴ASVࢆࠊ⣔⤫ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࢡ࣮ࣞࢻ࣭ࢧࣈࢡ࣮ࣞࢻࡈ
࡜࡟ศ㢮ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢡ࣮ࣞࢻ࣭ࢧࣈࢡ࣮ࣞࢻ࡟≉᭷ࡢศᕸࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
ࢡ࣮ࣞࢻ࣭ࢧࣈࢡ࣮ࣞࢻࡈ࡜࡟␗࡞ࡿ ᗘࡢ㑅ዲᛶࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ (ᅗ2)ࠋ௚࡟ࡶࠊⴭࡋࡃἢᓊᇦࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟೫ࡗ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ
ࢡ࣮ࣞࢻ࣭ࢧࣈࢡ࣮ࣞࢻࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣྛࢡࣞ
࣮ࢻ࣭ࢧࣈࢡ࣮ࣞࢻࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓࢽࢵࢳ࡟㐺ᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᅗ 2. ࢡ࣮ࣞࢻࡈ࡜ࡢỈ

㑅ዲᛶ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
1) Booth, B. C., and Marchant, H. J. (1987). Parmales, a new order of marine chrysophytes, with desriptions of three new genera andseven new species. J. Phycol. 23, 245–260.
2) Guillou, L., Chrétiennot-Dinet, M.-J., Medlin, L. K., Claustre, H., Goër, S. L., and Vaulot, D. (1999). Bolidomonas: A new genus
with two species belonging to a new algal class, the Bolidophyceae (Heterokonta). J. Phycol. 35, 368–381.
3) Ichinomiya, M., dos Santos, A. L., Gourvil, P., Yoshikawa, S., Kamiya, M., Ohki, K., et al. (2016). Diversity and oceanic distributionof the Parmales (Bolidophyceae), a picoplanktonic group closely related to diatoms. ISME J. 10, 2419–2434.

4) Ban, H., Sato, S., Yoshikawa, S., Yamada, K., Nakamura, Y., Ichinomiya, M., et al. (2023). Genome analysis of
Parmales, the sister group of diatoms, reveals the evolutionary specialization of diatoms from phago-mixotrophs tophotoautotrophs. Commun. Biol. 6, 697.
5) Malviya, S., Scalco, E., Audic, S., Vincent, F., Veluchamy, A., Poulain, J., et al. (2016). Insights into global diatom
distribution and diversity in the world’s ocean. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113, E1516–E1525.

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Synthesis and characterization of natural and synthetic lacquer samples: closing theknowledge gap for the advancement of both traditional and novel applicationsࣆࣥࢳ࢙ࣛ ࣇࣛࣥࢳ࢙ࢫ࢝㸪ྻ 撈⋹ᓠᑿ ᜨே୰ᮧ ṇ἞ୗฟ
♸ኴ㑻㸪ࣇ࢛ࣝࢸ ࢚ࣜ࢝ࢱࣥࣈ࣮ࣜࢽ ࢹ࢕࢚ࢦࠊ࣎ࢼࢻ࣮ࢗࢳ࢙
࢖ࣛࣜ࢔
Francesca PINCELLA 1, Beiling WU 1, Keito MINEO 1, Masaharu NAKAMURA 1,
Yutaro SHIMODE 2, Erika FORTE 3, Diego TAMBURINI 4, Ilaria BONADUCE 51ி㒔኱Ꮫ࣭໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University2ி㒔⏘ᴗ኱Ꮫ࣭ᩥ໬Ꮫ㒊 ி㒔ᩥ໬Ꮫ⛉
Faculty of Culture, Kyoto Sangyo University
3 ி㒔኱Ꮫ ࣭ேᩥ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ ᩍᤵ
Institute for Research on Humanities, Kyoto University
4 Department of Scientific Research, British Museum
5 Department of Chemistry, University of Pisa

Urushi has long been known and appreciated as a coating and adhesive material for its many qualities such as
durability, stability, natural beauty and gloss. The main limitations to its widespread use are its cost, the time-consuming
extraction and treatment processes, and the complex nature of this cross-linked and heterogeneous material. With thiswork, we aim to improve our knowledge of this complex material, its interaction with the most common additives (oil,proteins and pigments) and develop new urushi-like materials by replacing natural urushiol with synthetic catechols
obtained via iron-catalyzed reactions and characterizing the synthetic and blended materials by state-of-the art
techniques, such as Py-GC/MS, SEM and solid-state NMR.
Key Words : urushi, lacquer, total synthesis

㸯㸬,QWURGXFWLRQThe need for sustainable materials to replace petroleum-derived ones has renewed the interest toward a traditional resinthat has long been used in Asian countries, urushi (⁽) or Asian lacquer, originating from the sap of Toxicodendron
vernicifluum. Urushi is a natural product, a water-in-oil emulsion composed of urushiol (60-80%), water (10-30%), gum(3-6%) and enzymes (2-3%). Urushi has long been employed as a coating and adhesive material for both practical andaesthetic purposes, but more recently applications of urushi in fields such as biomedical and electronics have been
proposed and successfully demonstrated.[1-3] The durability, high stability and aesthetic beauty of urushi, combined with
its renewable nature, have made urushi a good candidate to become a building block for a more sustainable society.
Nevertheless, several limitations exist to the use and extraction of this product (expensive, time-consuming, requiring
highly skilled labor to collect the raw sap and process it). Moreover, the complex nature of this cross-linked andheterogeneous material and the fact that urushi formulations often include mixtures of several other components havealso hindered a systematic and in-depth characterization of this material and its applications. With this work we aim to
overcome the aforementioned limitations by replacing natural urushiol with synthetic catechols, deepen our understandingof the composition and chemical processes in natural urushi samples and develop new optimized urushi-based materials
for art conservation (conservation of urushi-based artifacts, especially outside Asia, is still very challenging) and novel
applications.

-7-㸰㸬5HVXOWVThe researchers at ICR have been working on the total synthesis of the main component of urushiol, (8Z, 11E, 13Z)trienyl pentadecylcatechol, via iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, according to Scheme 1.

6FKHPH5HWURV\QWKHWLF$QDO\VLVRI =(= 7ULHQ\O8UXVKLRO
The researchers at ICR are now focusing on the research on iron-catalyzed alkenyl-propargyl cross-coupling reaction,
which was envisioned to be feasible by utilizing alkenyl bromide as the starting substrate in a one-pot manner. With (Z)(2-bromovinyl)benzene 1 as the model substrate, the one-pot iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between
alkenylbromide and propargyl electrophile was developed (Scheme 2). Reactions of (Z)-alkenyl bromide with BuLi, then
BuBpin generates the lithium alkenylborate, which undergoes coupling with a propargyl electrophile to stereospecificallygive the corresponding product with a yield of up to 50%, of which the generation steps of the alkenylborate from thealkenyl bromide are supposed to be the rate-determining steps.

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Also, the key intermediate for the total synthesis of the target (8Z, 11E, 13Z)-trienyl pentadecylcatechol, wassynthesized in 5 steps with a 29% overall yield from commercially available reagents.

6FKHPH6\QWKHVLVRI = GLEURPRQRQHQH㸱㸬)XWXUH3ODQVThe researchers at ICR will continue to work on the retrosynthetic approach to urushiol and other phenolic lipids, foundin urushi and other Asian lacquers. The goal is the synthesis of additional urushiol, thitsiol and laccol derivatives, toobtain a complete set of synthetic lacquer analogues. Tamburini and Bonaduce will also continue the characterization ofaged lacquer films that are kept under dark or under controlled irradiation condition by analytical pyrolysis andthermoanalytical techniques. The aged samples will also be characterized by the ICR researcher by complementary
techniques.



5HIHUHQFHV1) Jeong, H. et al.: Intrinsic Hydrophobic Cairnlike Multilayer Films for Antibacterial Effect with Enhanced Durability,
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 26117.
2) Zhao, Y. et al.: Synthesis of an urushiol derivative and its use for hydrolysis resistance in dentin adhesive, RSC Adv.
2021, 11, 18448.
3) Qi, Z. et al.: Synthesis and Evaluation of C15 Triene Urushiol Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents and HDAC2
Inhibitor, Molecules 2018, 23, 1074.

-8-࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຠ⋡࡜⪏ᦶ⪖ᛶࢆ୧❧ࡉࡏࡿࠊ₶⁥Ἔ⏝ከศᒱ࣏࣐࣮ࣜῧຍ๣ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
Development of Hyperbranched Polymer Additives for Lubricants that Improve Both
Energy Efficiency and Wear ResistanceⓏ㜰 㞞⪽1㸪㧘ᶫ ⿱2
Masatoshi TOSAKA 1 and Yutaka TAKAHASHI 2
1ி㒔኱Ꮫ ໬Ꮫ◊✲⛉Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University2ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᮍ᮶⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University

The challenge of enhancing machinery energy efficiency through lubrication involves a dilemma: low-viscosity
lubricants reduce friction but lead to issues like sticking. Branched polymers were identified as a solution, but theircontrolled synthesis was lacking. We have developed a one-step synthesis method for hyper-branched polymer (HBP)
with controlled structure and applied this for the synthesis of lubricant additive. Using vinyl telluride in controlled
radical polymerization, we achieved improved uniformity and controllable branching. Our computer simulations
revealed major formation of desired HBP structures. Friction tests on synthesized samples demonstrated superior
lubricating properties, showcasing the effectiveness of HBP in reducing friction and improving energy efficiency.
Key Words : hyper-branched polymer, controlled synthesis, lubricant, friction㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ₶⁥࡟ࡼࡿᶵᲔࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຠ⋡ྥୖࡣࠊ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡ࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟࠶ࡿㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᶵᲔᦾື㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
₶⁥Ἔࡀప⢓ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡯࡝పᦶ᧿࡜࡞ࡿ୍᪉ࠊ೵Ṇ᫬ࡸప㏿㐠㌿᫬࡟ࡣᇶᮦࡢ┤᥋᥋ゐ࡟ࡼࡿ↝ࡁ௜ࡅࡸᦶ
⪖࡞࡝ࡢ୙ලྜࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ᫆ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ₶⁥Ἔࡢప⢓ᗘ໬࡟ࡣࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡀ₯ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋࠊศᒱ࣏࣐࣮ࣜࡢῧຍࡀ᭷ຠࡔ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐺ᗘ࡞ศᒱᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ࣏࣐࣮ࣜࡣ₶⁥Ἔ࡟ῧຍࡋ
࡚ࡶ⢓ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡣᑠࡉࡃࠊ୕ḟඖⓗ࡞ᙧែࡢศᏊࡀᦾື㒊࡟ධࡾ㎸ࡴࡓࡵᇶᮦࡢ᥋ゐ࡟ࡼࡿၥ㢟ࢆᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᚑ᮶ࡣࠊᵓ㐀ࡢไᚚࡉࢀࡓศᒱ࣏࣐࣮ࣜࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ྜᡂࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ↓࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊศᒱ
࣏࣐࣮ࣜࡢᵓ㐀࡜₶⁥≉ᛶࡢ㛵ಀࡣ୙᫂☜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㐺ษ࡞ศᒱ࣏࣐࣮ࣜᵓ㐀タィᣦ㔪ࡀḞዴࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᡃࠎࡣᵓ㐀ࡢไᚚࡉࢀࡓከศᒱ࣏࣐࣮ࣜ㸦HBP㸧ࡢ༢ẁ㝵ྜᡂᢏ⾡㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ ࠊࡇࢀࢆ₶⁥Ἔ⏝ከศᒱ࣏࣐࣮ࣜῧຍ๣࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ╔᝿ࡋࡓࠋᮏྜᡂᢏ⾡࡛ࡣࠊ᭷ᶵࢸࣝࣝ໬ྜ≀ࢆ㐃㙐⛣ື๣
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550
600

Weight fraction㸰㸬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹᡃࠎࡢ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓᢏ⾡࡛ྜᡂࡉࢀࡿ HBP ࡣᵓ㐀ࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᏶⎍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᐇ㝿࡟࡝ࡢᵝ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡢศᕸࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ  㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟
ࡼࡾࠊ୺せ࡞⏕ᡂ≀ࡣศᏊタィ࡜ࡋ࡚ពᅗࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ₶⁥Ἔῧຍ๣࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣋ࢫ
࢜࢖ࣝ࡬ࡢ⁐ゎᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊ㛗㙐࢔ࣝ࢟ࣝᇶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࢜ࢡࢱࢹࢩࣝ࢔ࢡ࣮ࣜࣞࢺ㸦OA㸧ࢆࣔࣀ࣐࣮࡜ࡋ࡚㑅
ᢥࡋࡓࠋ

NEV

ᅗ㸰㸬ศᒱᵓ㐀ศᕸࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ⾲㸯㸬₶⁥Ἔῧຍ๣ヨᩱ
sample12345[CTA]/[VT]/[OA]
1/0/278
1/0/950
1/7/950
1/31/950
1/14/980෾ࢢྖ෾ࢆౕ
1.28
1.33
2.01
2.02
2.40

ઊଲ෾ࢢྖ (×104)
8.6
25.2
29.5
31.0
42.1

ヨᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲㸯࡟ᣲࡆࡓ┤㙐࣏࣐࣮ࣜ㸦sample 1, 2㸧࠾ࡼࡧ HBP㸦sample 3 – 5㸧ࢆྜᡂࡋࠊ࣮࣋ࢫ࢜࢖࡛ࣝ
࠶ࡿ࣏ࣜȘ࢜ࣞࣇ࢕ࣥ࡟⁐ゎࡋ࡚ ᐃヨᩱ࡜ࡋࡓࠋணഛ᳨ウࡢ⤖ᯝࠊsample 3 ࡀ᭱ࡶⰋዲ࡞₶⁥≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᦶ᧿ヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᅗ㸱ࡢᵝ࡞⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢᅗ࡛ᶓ㍈ࡀᕥ࡟⾜ࡃ࡯࡝ప㏿࠿ࡘ㧗ᅽຊ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᇶᮦྠኈࡢ᥋ゐ࡟ࡼࡿᦶ᧿ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ᫆࠸≧ែ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᵝ࡞≧ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
࣮࣋ࢫ࢜࢖ࣝ༢⊂࡛ࡣᦶ᧿ಀᩘࡀ኱ᖜ࡟ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࡀࠊHBP ࢆῧຍࡋࡓሙྜࡣ඲ࡃᦶ᧿ಀᩘࡢୖ᪼ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊHBP ࡢῧຍࡀᦶ᧿ࡢపῶࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຠ⋡ྥୖ࡟᭷ຠ࡛
࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅗ㸱㸬ᦶ᧿ヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
1)
2)

Lu, Y., Nemoto, T., Tosaka, M., Yamago, S.: Synthesis of structurally controlled hyperbranched polymers using a monomer
having hierarchical reactivity, Nature Communications, Vol. 8, article number 1863, 2017
Tosaka, M., Takeuchi, H., Kibune, M., Tong, T., Zhu, N., Yamago, S.: Stochastic Simulation of Controlled Radical
Polymerization of Dendritic Hyperbranched Polymers, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 62, article number
e202305127, 2023

- 10 -

⇕࣭㟁ຊྍኚే⤥࡟ࡼࡿࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫᨵ㉁࡜㟁ຊ㟂⤥ᖹ⁥໬Biomass Reforming and Smoothing of Electricity Supply-Demand by Variable
Combined Heat and Power Supplyඵᮌ 㔜㑻1㸪ྥ஭ ၨ♸1-2㸪ᑠす ဴஅ3㸪⏣ᐑ ⿱அ4,㧗ᒣ ᐃḟ2, ᱵ⃝ ಇ᫂3
Juro Yagi 1, Keisuke Mukai 1-2, Satoshi Konishi 3, Hiroyuki Tamiya 4, Sadatsugu
Takayama 2 and Toshiaki Umezawa 31ி㒔኱Ꮫ ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲ᡤ
Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University
2᰾⼥ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
National Institute for Fusion Science3ி㒔኱Ꮫ ⏕Ꮡᅪ◊✲ᡤResearch Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University4ி㒔኱Ꮫ ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮⛉Ꮫ⛉Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University

This study focused on converting biomass resources as a variable cogeneration source of heat/electricity using nuclear
energy. Specifically, microwave pyrolysis/gasification experiments of biomass in a steam atmosphere were conducted,
assuming that heat generates steam and electric power is used for microwave oscillation. Cellulose was used as asimulated biomass sample. Microwave heating at 800 °C for 2 hours was conducted. As a result, the yield of hydrogen
increased with the feeding of steam. In the future, the energy required for steam generation and microwave oscillation
will be calculated, and the feasibility of applying the variable supply of heat/power by nuclear energy to the reforming
system of biomass resources by microwave heating will be examined.
Key Words : Biomass, microwave pyrolysis, steam, fusion㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ࢮ࢚࣑ࣟࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢどⅬ࡛ཎᏊຊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ฼⏝ࡣ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ᭷ຠ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸
࠺どⅬ࡛ࡣᗫ⇕ࡀ᭷ຠ࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ⇕฼⏝ࡢほⅬ࡛᭷ຠ࡞ேཱྀᐦ㞟ᆅ࡬ࡢタ⨨ࡀᐜ࡛᫆࡞࠸
ࡇ࡜࡟㉳ᅉࡋࠊඛ㐍࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ᰾⼥ྜࡶྠᵝࡢၥ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑ
࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㎰ᴗ࣭ᯘᴗ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡀ₶ἑ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡢ⇕࣭࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼฎ⌮➼࡟ࡼࡿᨵ㉁ࡣඛ⾜◊✲౛ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡟ᗫ⇕ࢆే⤥ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟྾⇕཯ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿ
࢞ࢫ໬➼ࡢ཯ᛂࡢᗏୖࡆࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࡢ኱ᖜ࡞ᣑ඘࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᪥୰ࡢ㟁ຊࡀవ๫࡜࡞ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸ࠋ᪥୰ࡢవ๫㟁ຊࡢ᭷ຠά⏝ࡢどⅬ࡛ࡶࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࡢᨵ㉁ࡣ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㟁ຊࢢࣜࢵࢻෆ࡟ศ
ᩓࡍࡿవ๫㟁ຊࡢⓎ⏕※࠿ࡽ᭷ຠ࡟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆᅇ཰࣭㞟⣙ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ኱ᆺ㟁ຊ⣔⤫ࡢ᰿ඖ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ኱ᆺⓎ㟁ᡤࡢ㏆ഐࡣ㟁ຊ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢ㏣ຍᩚഛࢆせࡋ࡞࠸᭷ຠ࡞❧ᆅ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ᰾࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟
ࡼࡿ⇕㸭㟁ຊࡢྍኚే⤥࡟ࡼࡾࠊእ㒊㟁ຊࡢᾘ㈝㸭౪⤥ࡢ㈇Ⲵ࣭⎔ቃኚືࢆ྾཰ࡋࠊࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡢᨵ㉁ࢆ⾜࠺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ⇕ࢆࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡢỈ⵨ẼⓎ⏕ࠊ㟁ຊࢆ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼⓎ᣺ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟
฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࠊỈ⵨Ẽ㞺ᅖẼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼ⇕ศゎ࣭࢞ࢫ໬ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋ
㸰㸬ᐇ㦂ᡭἲ
ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫࢆࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡢᶍᨃヨᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼ⇕ศゎ࣭࢞ࢫ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃຍ⇕ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼ྾཰ᮦᩱࡀ
ຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ[1,2]ࠋᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼ྾཰⬟ຊࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ཬࡧ࢞ࢫࡢᨵ㉁཯ᛂຠᯝࡀᮇᚅࡉ
ࢀࡿ࣐ࢢࢿࢱ࢖ࢺࢆ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼ྾཰ᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋᐇ㦂⿦⨨ࡢᴫせࢆᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫ⢊ᮎ (⢏ᚄ 38 ȝm)࡜࣐ࢢࢿࢱ࢖ࢺ⢊ᮎ (⢏ᚄ 1 ȝm ௨ୗ)ࡢΰྜ⢊ᮎࡣ▼ⱥ⟶ (ෆᚄ 36 mm)ෆ࡟⿦Ⲵࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ▼ⱥ⟶ࢆ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼຍ⇕⿦⨨ෆ࡟タ⨨ࡋࡓᚋࠊ▼ⱥ⟶ෆࡢ✵Ẽࢆࣃ࣮ࢪࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ Ar ࢞ࢫࢆ 500 ml/min ࡛ᑟධࡋࡓࠋ▼ⱥ⟶ෆ㞺ᅖẼࡢ Ar ࢞ࢫ⨨᥮ࢆᅄ㔜ᴟ㉁㔞ศᯒィ࡛☜ㄆᚋࠊ࣐ࢢࢿࢺࣟࣥ (2.45 GHz, ᭱኱ฟຊ 1500
W)4 ྎࡢฟຊࢆ 1 ྎ࠶ࡓࡾ 200 W ࡟タᐃࡋࠊ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼຍ⇕ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁྠ᫬࡟ 150 °C ࡢỈ⵨Ẽ

- 11 -

(300 ml/min)࡜ Ar ࢞ࢫࡢΰྜ࢞ࢫ
ࢆ▼ⱥ⟶ෆ࡟౪⤥ࡋࡓࠋ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ
Ἴຍ⇕ࡣ 2 ᫬㛫ᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ▼ⱥ⟶࠿ࡽⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ᥹Ⓨᛶ≀㉁ࡣỈ෭༷ჾ
(5 °C)࡜-45 °C ࡢ෭༷ჾ (2 ྎ)ࢆ㏻
ࡋࡓᚋ࡟࢞ࢫࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼຍ⇕ࡢ ᗘࡣᨺᑕ ᗘィࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐃࡋࠊ800 °C ࡛᥎⛣ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࣐
࢖ࢡࣟἼ㟁ຊࢆㄪᩚࡋࡓࠋ

㸱㸬⤖ᯝ࣭⪃ᐹ ᅗ  ࡟ ࣐ ࢖ ࢡ ࣟ Ἴ ຍ ⇕
0:+  Υ࡟࠾ࡅࡿỈ⵨Ẽῧຍࡢຠᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋỈ⣲࡜஧㓟໬
Ⅳ⣲ࡢ⏕ᡂ㔞ࡣỈ⵨Ẽࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ   PPROJࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫቑຍࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉୍࡛
㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ࡣ  PPROJࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫῶᑡࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣỈᛶ࢞ࢫࢩࣇ
ࢺ཯ᛂ &2+2Ѝ&2+ ࡀ୍ᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊỈ⵨Ẽῧຍ࡟ࡼࡿỈ⣲࡜஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ࡢቑຍ⋡ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ  ಸ ಸ࡜Ỉ⣲ࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣⅣ໬≀⣔ṧ´ࡢỈ⵨Ẽ࢞ࢫ໬཯ᛂ &+2Ѝ&2+࡟ࡼࡾỈ⣲ࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ+ ࠾ࡼࡧ &2 ࡣ≀㉁㔞ᙜࡓࡾ࡛ࡣ࡯ࡰྠࡌ⇞↝⇕ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽࠊࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼ⇕ศゎ࣭࢞ࢫ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚Ỉ⵨Ẽࢆῧຍࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡛ࠊỈᛶ࢞ࢫࢩࣇࢺ཯ᛂࡸⅣ໬≀ࡢỈ⵨Ẽ࢞ࢫ໬཯ᛂࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ࢞ࢫ㌿᥮ᛶࡀྥୖࡍࡿࡇ࡜
☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
㸲㸬⤖ㄽ࣭௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ᰾࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ⇕㸭㟁ຊࡢྍኚే⤥ඛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡢᨵ㉁࡟╔┠ࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ⇕ࢆࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡢỈ⵨ẼⓎ⏕ࠊ㟁ຊࢆ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼⓎ᣺ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࠊỈ⵨Ẽ㞺ᅖẼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼ⇕ศゎ࣭࢞ࢫ໬ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫࡢᶍᨃヨᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢭࣝࣟ
࣮ࢫࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ800 °Cࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼຍ⇕ࢆ2᫬㛫ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊỈ⵨Ẽࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ỉ⣲⏕ᡂ㔞ࡀྥୖࡋࡓࠋ
௒ᚋࠊỈ⵨ẼⓎ⏕࡜࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼⓎ᣺࡟ᚲせ࡞࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࠊ᰾࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ⇕㸭㟁ຊࡢྍኚ౪⤥ࡀ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼຍ⇕࡟ࡼࡿࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡢᨵ㉁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢጇᙜᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋྠ᫬࡟ࠊỈ⵨Ẽ㞺ᅖẼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼຍ⇕ࡢࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※ࡢᨵ㉁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᾘ㈝㔞 (Ỉ⵨ẼⓎ⏕࡜࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼⓎ᣺࡟ᚲせ࡞࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㔞)࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢞ࢫࡢప఩Ⓨ⇕㔞ࡢẚࡀ᭱኱࡜࡞ࡿỈ⵨Ẽ౪⤥ὶ㔞ࠊ ᗘ➼ࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࢆᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟᭱㐺໬ࡶ⾜࠺ࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
[1]
Zhang Z, Huang K, Mao C, Huang J, Xu Q, Liao L, et al. Microwave assisted catalytic pyrolysis of bagasse to
produce hydrogen. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2022;47:35626–34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2022.08.162.
[2]
State RN, Volceanov A, Muley P, Boldor D. A review of catalysts used in microwave assisted pyrolysis andgasification. Bioresour Technol 2019;277:179–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2019.01.036.

- 12 -

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ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ほ ᡭἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏◊✲Basic Research of Carbon Dioxide Observation Method Using Drone஭ཱྀ ᩗ㞝1㸪㧗ᶫ ࡅࢇࡋ2㸪ᴮᮏ ๛1㸪ྜྷ⏣ ⪽1
Takao IGUCHI 1, Kenshi TAKAHASHI 2,
Takeshi ENOMOTO 1 and Akira Yoshida 11ி㒔኱Ꮫ 㜵⅏◊✲ᡤDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University2ி㒔኱Ꮫ ⏕Ꮡᅪ◊✲ᡤResearch Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University

Observation of vertical profile of CO2 above various land uses
was implemented using drone. The results showed that there are several issues to be solved. The airflow generated
by a drone stirs the surrounding air. In addition, the CO2 sensor responds to the change of concentration with a timelag. We must consider both these conflicting effects and find out optimal upward speed of drone and algorithm forderiving vertical concentration gradient from observation data.
Key Words : drone, CO2, vertical profile, sensor

㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ኱Ẽ୰ࡢ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲(CO2)ࡢቑῶࡣ໬▼⇞ᩱ⇞↝࡞࡝ࡢே㛫άື࡟ࡼࡿ᤼ฟ࡜㸪ᾏὒࡸ㝣ୖ⏕ែ⣔࡟ࡼࡿ྾཰ࡢ཰ᨭࡀ኱ࡁ࡞๭ྜࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡀ㸪྾཰※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡲࡔ୙᫂࡞Ⅼࡀከࡃ㸪≉࡟㝣ୖ⏕ែ⣔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡑࡢ
άືࡀẼೃࡢኚື࡟ᩄឤ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ྾཰㔞ࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ㞴ࡋࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(IPCC, 2021)1㸬ᆅ⾲㠃࠿ࡽࡢCO2ࣇࣛࢵࢡࢫࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ඲⌫ࢆ⥙⨶ࡋࡓ⃰ᗘほ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᆅୖほ ࡶ༑ศ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࡎ㸪ୖ✵ࡢ⃰ᗘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡉࡽ࡟ᑡ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶୖ✵ࡢCO2ほ ࡣCONTRAIL➼ࡢ⯟✵ᶵほ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡣ඘ᐇࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᆅ⾲௜㏆ࡢୖ✵ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞
࠸ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡼࡾṇ☜࡞CO2ࣇࣛࢵࢡࢫࡢ᥎ᐃࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࡼࡾṇ☜࡞CO2ࡢ㖄┤⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡶᆅ⾲௜㏆࡟࠾ࡅࡿୖ✵ࡢCO2⃰ᗘࡢほ ࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ୖ✵ࡢCO2⃰ᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᡭẁࡣ⯟✵ᶵࡢ௚࡟ࢰࣥࢹ㸪ࢱ࣮࣡࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᶵືᛶ㸪ほ 㢖ᗘ㸪㧗ᗘ㸪㖄┤ゎീᗘ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍㛗୍▷ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢥࢫࢺࡢၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢほ ᡭἲ
࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓほ ࡣẚ㍑ⓗప࠸ࢥࢫࢺ࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ሙᡤ㸦᮲௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ஦๓ࡢチྍࡀᚲせ㸧࡟࡚㸪㧗࠸㖄┤ゎീᗘ࡛ ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚ୖ✵ࡢCO2⃰ᗘࡢほ ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡢほ ᡭἲࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪᭱㐺࡞ほ ᪉ἲࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬㸰㸬ほ ᶵჾ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ㸦DJI ♫〇 Matrice600 Pro㸪㜵⅏◊✲ᡤẼ㇟Ỉᩥࣜࢫࢡ᝟ሗศ㔝ࡼࡾ㈚୚㸧㸦ᅗ 1㸧࡟
CO2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸦ᮧ⏣〇సᡤ〇㸧㸪㢼㏿ィ㸦Anemoment ♫〇 Trisonica mini㸧㸪Ẽ㇟ࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸦Intermet System ♫〇 iMet-XQ2㸧ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋ㸦ᅗ 2㸧㸪ୖ✵ࡢ CO2 ⃰ᗘ㸪㢼㏿㸦3 ᡂศ㸧㸪Ẽ 㸪‵ᗘ㸪Ẽᅽ➼ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ᐃ᪉ἲࡣẼ㇟Ỉᩥࣜࢫࢡ᝟ሗศ㔝ࡢᡭἲࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓ㸦బࠎᮌ௚㸪2020; ᒣ㊰௚㸪2023㸧2, 3㸬㸱㸬ほ ᪉ἲ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᕧ᳚ụᖸᣅᆅ㸦㎰ᆅ㸧㸪ி㒔኱Ꮫⰱ⏕◊✲ᯘ㸦᳃ᯘ㸧㸪ி㒔኱Ꮫ㎰Ꮫ㒊ࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ㸦ෆ㝣ᕷ⾤ᆅ㸧㸪኱㜰ᗓఫஅỤබᅬ㸦⮫ᾏ኱㒔ᕷᇦ㸧㸪ᮾ⯙㭯බᅬ㸦ᾏᓊᕷ⾤ᆅ㸧㸪ி㒔኱Ꮫ₻ᓁ㢼ຊᐇ㦂ᡤ㸦ᾏᓊ㸧ࡢ㸪ᅵᆅ฼⏝ᙧែࡢ␗࡞ࡿ  ࡘࡢᆅⅬ࡛ほ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬- 18 -ᅗ 㸬ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࡢእほ㸬ࣃ࢖ࣉࡢୖ࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㢼㏿ィ㸬ᅗ 㸬ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ࡟ᦚ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࢭࣥࢧ࣮㢮࠾ࡼࡧࣟ
࣮࢞ 5DVSEHUU\3L 㸪ࣂࢵࢸ࣮ࣜ㸬ࣃ࢖ࣉࡢྑഃ
ࡀ &2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸬ほ ࡣ୍᪥  ᅇ㸪ኪ᫂ࡅᚋ㸪༗ᚋ  ᫬㡭㸪᪥ἐ๓࡟⾜ࡗࡓ㸬㧗ᗘࡣ P ࢆୖ㝈࡜ࡋ㸪Ỉᖹ⛣ືࡣࡏࡎ㸪㖄┤᪉ྥࡢୖ᪼࡜ୗ㝆ࡢࡳ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬㸲㸬⤖ᯝᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓほ ⤖ᯝࡢ୰࠿ࡽ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞౛ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡣᕧ᳚ụᖸᣅᆅ࡛ኪ᫂ࡅ┤ᚋ࡟⾜ࡗࡓほ ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡔ✄สࡾ๓࡛㸪ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࡢ㞳㝣๓ࡣ✄ࡢ࿧྾࡛ᨺฟࡉࢀࡓ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸⃰ᗘࡢ &2 ࡀᆅ⾲㠃௜㏆࡟⁀ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀఛ࠼ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㞳㝣࡜ྠ᫬࡟୍Ẽ࡟⃰ᗘࡀୗࡀࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࡀᆅୖ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡶ㞳㝣๓ࡢ㧗࠸⃰ᗘࡣほ ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ  ࡣྠᆅࡢ᪥ἐ๓࡟ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࡢ㏿ᗘࢆኚ࠼࡚   ᚟ࡉࡏࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬  ᚟┠࡟ୖ᪼࠾ࡼࡧୗ㝆㏿ᗘࢆୖࡆࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪≉࡟ୖ᪼᫬࡟௚࡜ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㖄┤⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀほ ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
D 

D 
CO2

650
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5:44:00ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ㧗ᗘ
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17:32:00 17:37:00 17:42:00 17:47:00 17:52:00

5:49:00

5:54:00

5:59:00

CO2⃰ᗘɆ㧗ᗘ


E 

500

ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ㧗ᗘ
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0
5:44:00E 

6:04:00

400
5:49:00

5:54:00

5:59:00

6:04:00350

0ᅗ 㸬ᕧ᳚ụᖸᣅᆅ   ࡛ࡢほ࡟ࡼࡿ D &2 ⃰ᗘ࡜ E ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ㧗ᗘࡢ᫬⣔ิ㸬

50
㸯ୖ

100
㸯ୗ

㸰ୖ

150
㸰ୗ


ᅗ 㸬ᕧ᳚ụᖸᣅᆅ  ࡛ࡢほ࡟ࡼࡿ D  ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ㧗ᗘࡢ᫬⣔ิ࡜ E 㧗ᗘ̿
&2 ⃰ᗘᩓᕸᅗ㸬 E ࡢྛ⥺Ⰽࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ   ᚟┠࡜   ᚟┠ࡢୖ࣭᪼ୗ㝆ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬- 19 -

D 㧗ᗘ࣮CO2⃰ᗘᩓᕸᅗ㸦ᕧ᳚ụᖸᣅᆅ 22.9.30 13:41㸧

440

ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ㧗ᗘ

200
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390
0
16:55:00

340
0

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ୖ᪼᫬

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ୗ㝆᫬

17:00:00

17:05:00



E 

150



㧗ᗘɆ&22450ᅗ 㸬ᕧ᳚ụᖸᣅᆅ  ࡛ࡢほ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗ᗘ̿&2 ⃰ᗘᩓᕸᅗ㸬㟷⥺ࡣୖ᪼᫬㸪㉥⥺ࡣୗ㝆᫬ࡢࡶࡢ㸬400

ᅗ  ࡣྠࡌࡃᕧ᳚ụᖸᣅᆅ࡛᫨࡟⾜ࡗࡓほ ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ୖ᪼᫬࡟ẚ࡭ୗ㝆᫬ࡣ⃰ᗘࡢኚືࡀẚ㍑ⓗ࡞ࡔࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢഴྥࡣᅗ E ࡢ   ᚟┠ࡶࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ほ ඲⯡࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ᅗ  ࡣఫஅỤබᅬ࡛㛗᫬㛫࣍ࣂࣜࣥࢢ㸦✵୰㟼Ṇ㸧ࢆ⾜࠸࡞ࡀࡽほ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆ
✵୰࡟㟼Ṇࡉࡏ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪&2 ⃰ᗘࡣ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇኚ໬ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬

0

50
ୖ᪼᫬

100
ୗ㝆᫬

150



ᅗ 㸬ఫஅỤබᅬ   ࡛ࡢほ࡟ࡼࡿ D  ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ㧗ᗘࡢ᫬⣔ิ࡜ E 㧗ᗘ̿
&2 ⃰ᗘᩓᕸᅗ㸬㟷⥺ࡣୖ᪼᫬㸪㉥⥺ࡣୗ㝆᫬ࡢ
ࡶࡢ㸬

㸳㸬⪃ᐹ
ୖグࡢほ ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ㸪&2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࡢᐊෆᐇ㦂ࡼࡾ㸪ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓୖ✵ࡢ &2 ほ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௨ୗ
ࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 Ỉᖹ㢼ࡢᙳ㡪ᅗ  E ࡸᅗ  ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ㏻ࡾ㸪&2 ⃰ᗘࡢ㖄┤ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣỴࡋ࡚༢ㄪ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪✺↛⃰ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓࡾୗ㝆ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ㸬᫨㛫ࡢほ ࡢ᪉ࡀ⃭ࡋࡃኚ໬ࡍࡿᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᫨㛫ࡣே㛫άືࡸගྜᡂάື࡞࡝㸪&2 ࡢᨺฟࡲࡓࡣ྾཰άືࡀάⓎ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪㧗⃰ᗘ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣప⃰ᗘࡢ &2 ࢆྵࡴ✵ẼࡀỈᖹ㢼࡛ὶࡉࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡓ
ࡵࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖࠸࡚ࡼࡾ㐺ษ࡞㖄┤⃰ᗘഴᗘࢆồࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪」ᩘᅇࡢほ ࡸࡼࡾ㧗࠸㧗ᗘࡲ࡛ࡢほ ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࡢࣉࣟ࣌ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿ࠿ࡁΰࡐຠᯝᅗ  ࡢほ ࡛ࡣ㸪ᆅ⾲௜㏆࡟⁀ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㧗࠸ &2 ⃰ᗘࡢ✵Ẽࡣࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࡢࣉࣟ࣌ࣛࡀ㉳ࡇࡍẼὶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ୖ✵ࡢ✵Ẽ࡜ᨩᢾࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᴟ➃࡟㧗࠸㖄┤⃰ᗘഴᗘࡢ ᐃࡣࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ࡟ࡣ୙ྥࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ୖ᪼᫬࡟ẚ࡭࡚ୗ㝆᫬࡟⃰ᗘࡢ㧗ᗘኚ໬ࡀ࡞ࡔࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᙉ
࠸㢼ࡀୗྥࡁ࡟྿ࡁ௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚✵Ẽࡀ࠿ࡁΰࡐࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࡀୗࡾ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿
࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡼࡾṇ☜࡞⃰ᗘࡢ㖄┤ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣୖ᪼᫬ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳࢆ౑࠺࡭ࡁ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ୖ᪼᫬࡟ࡶ࠿ࡁΰࡐຠᯝࡣ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢ⠊ᅖࡲ࡛ࡑࡢຠᯝࡀཬࡪࡢ
࠿㸪ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥほ ࡜ࢱ࣮࣡ࡸẼ⌫ࢆ౑ࡗࡓほ ࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ᳨ドࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᅗ  ࡼࡾ㸪㛗᫬㛫ࡢ࣍ࣂࣜࣥࢢࡣࡋ࡞࠸᪉ࡀⰋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬
 &2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࡢ≉ᛶ&2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮࡟ࡶ⪃៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬୍ࡘࡣ⃰ᗘࡢኚ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࡢᛂ⟅᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢆேࡢ࠸࡞࠸㒊ᒇ࡜ேࡢ࠸ࡿ㒊ᒇ࡜ࡢ㛫ࢆ⛣ືࡉࡏࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ ᐃ⃰ᗘࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬࡛࠶ࡿ㸬஧ࡘࡢ㒊ᒇࡢ㛫ࡣ SSP ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ⃰ᗘᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࡀ㸪&2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࡢ ᐃ್ࡀ SSP ศ㏣࠸ࡘࡃࡢ࡟  ศ⛬ᗘ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ  E ࡢ   ᚟┠ୖ᪼᫬ࡢ㖄┤ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀ␗ᵝ࡞ᙧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶ㸪ୖ᪼ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡀ㏿ࡍࡂ࡚⃰ᗘࡢኚ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡅ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛ୖ᪼ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡀ㐜ࡍࡂ࡚ࡶ๓⠇ࡢ࠿ࡁΰࡐຠᯝ࡛ṇࡋ࠸⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀᚓ
ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ &2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ಶయࡢᣢࡘࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡛ࡣ  ྎࡢྠࡌᶵ✀ࡢࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢆྠࡌሙᡤ࡟⨨࠸࡚ ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ಶయ㛫ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡢ㐪࠸ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ &2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࡣ  Ἴ㛗ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⮬ᕫᰯṇᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡕ㸪 ᐃ್ࡢࢻࣜࣇࢺࡣᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡛ࡶࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡣᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⿵ṇᶵ⬟ࡢヲ⣽ࢆᢕ- 20 -

ᥱࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪༑ศ⿵ṇྍ⬟ࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
600

CO2ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ẚ㍑

CO2

ᐃ

550

550

500

21:25

21:20

350
0:00:00

21:15

400
21:10

400

21:05

450

21:00

450

20:55

500

6:00:00 12:00:00 18:00:00 0:00:00

ࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸯



ᅗ 㸬&2 ⃰ᗘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㒊ᒇ㛫ࢆ⛣ືࡉࡏࡓ᫬ࡢ
ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࡢᛂ⟅㸬

ࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸰

ࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸱


ᅗ 㸬 ྎࡢ &2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢆྠࡌ㒊ᒇ࡟タ⨨ࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓẚ㍑ ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸬㸴㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ࡟ CO2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋ࡚ୖ✵ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗ
࡚ࡁࡓ㸬≉࡟㸪ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࡢࣉࣟ࣌ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿ࠿ࡁΰࡐຠᯝ࡜ CO2 ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࡢᛂ⟅㏿ᗘࢆ⪃៖࡟ධࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ㏿ᗘ࡛ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠿㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ ᐃࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾṇ☜࡞
CO2 㖄┤⃰ᗘഴᗘࢆᑟࡁฟࡍ࠿࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥほ ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡣࢱ࣮࣡ࡸẼ⌫➼ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓほ ࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࡶ⾜࠸㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡁࡓ࠸㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩1) IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report,
2021.
2) బࠎᮌᐶ௓㸪ᚿᮧᬛஓ㸪஭ཱྀṇே㸪஭ୖᐇ㸸ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ࡟ࡼࡿୖ✵ࡢ㢼ほ ᡭἲࡢ᳨ウ㸪ி㒔኱Ꮫ㜵⅏◊✲ᡤᖺሗ㸪➨
63 ྕ B㸪pp. 282-290, 2020㸬3) ᒣ㊰᫛ᙪ㸪࿋ᫎ᫈㸪஭ୖᐇ㸪బࠎᮌᐶ௓㸸ࢻ࣮ࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓୖ✵ࡢẼ㇟ሙ࠾ࡼࡧⅆᒣᄇ↮ࡢほ 㸪Ỉᩥ࣭Ỉ㈨※Ꮫ఍㸭᪥ᮏỈᩥ⛉Ꮫ఍ 2023 ᖺᗘ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍せ᪨㞟㸪PP-1-1-08㸪2023.

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࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࣭࣓ࢥࣥࢹࣝࢱࡢ㎰ᮧ♫఍ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿேⅭⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ⮬↛ⓗせᅉࡢᙳ㡪Impacts of anthropogenic and natural drivers on the sustainability of rural societies inthe Vietnamese Mekong Deltaࢧ࣓ ࢝ࣥࢺ࢘ࢩࣗ 1ࠊゅ ဴஓ 1ࠊᰗἑ 㞞அ 2ࠊࢻ࢔ࣥ ࣂࣥ ࣅࣥ 3
Sameh KANTOUSH 1, Tetsuya SUMI 1, Masayuki YANAGISAWA 2
and Doan Van BINH 3

1ி㒔኱Ꮫ 㜵⅏◊✲ᡤ
Kyoto University, DPRI, Professor
2ி㒔኱Ꮫ ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ᡤ
Kyoto University, CSEAS, Associate Professor
3࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ ̽ ࢻ࢖ࢶ኱Ꮫ
Vietnamese – German University, VGU, Lecturer

The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has witnessed significant morphological alterations over decades, resulting
in profound socio-economic, and environmental consequences. This study examines the VMD’s spatial and temporalmorphological changes, utilizing four bathymetric datasets from 1998 to 2020. The upper reaches of the Tien and Hau
Rivers experienced significant incisions over the three periods, whereas their lower reaches witnessed a converse trend.
The dynamic processes of erosion and deposition intensified notably between 2017 and 2020. Overall, the eroded
riverbed has depleted the available sediment for deposition along the riverbanks, heightening the riverbank erosion
susceptibility. The results of study provide crucial insights for refining sediment management strategies in the VMD.
Key Words : Vietnamese Mekong Delta, bathymetric, erosion, deposition, riverbank, morphological changes 㸯㸬Introduction
Riverbank erosion is a common serious issue in most river systems worldwide because of its adverse effects on socioeconomic development, such as water quality reduction, instability of infrastructures, threat to the safety of residential
areas, and adverse changes to ecosystems. Assessing river morphological changes has been a great challenge to scientists
because these processes depend on natural, environmental processes, and anthropogenic impacts. The Mekong Delta is
known as one of the world's most expansive deltas. However, the construction of upstream dams directly reducing thesediment supply in the delta, coupled with extensive sand mining activities, have significantly deepened riverbeds andaccelerated bank erosion within the VMD. Furthermore, infrastructure developments along the river and channel banks
amplify the erosion risks and impacts in the VMD.
Research has extensively documented morphological changes in the VMD across various specific regions andtimescales. However, a comprehensive examination of long-term spatiotemporal variations in eroded sediment volumes
considering both riverbed and riverbank erosions across the entire delta remains elusive due to the intricate interplay ofthe dynamic process. Previous research predominantly focused on the lower VMD and its adjoining coastal zones orparticular sectors within the upper VMD. Although, a few research did investigate the entire delta, but encounteredchallenges, either in assessing recent morphological alterations or due to concerns regarding data reliability. Therefore,
this study examines the entire VMD’s spatial and temporal morphological changes, utilizing four bathymetric datasetsfrom 1998 to 2020. Utilizing field data, GIS (Geographic Information System), and remote sensing, the present study
aims to bridge this gap, providing a detailed long-term quantitative evaluation of the VMD's morphological changes.
Based on our findings, this research serves as a developed reference for strategic sediment management techniques
tailored to tackle the unique challenges of the VMD. Furthermore, it suggests crucial measures such as launchingcommunity awareness campaigns and implementing policy reforms that align with and support the evolving ways of lifeof the local residents. Significantly, the importance of involving stakeholders actively and fostering deeper community
participation stands out as a pivotal instrument, crucial for assisting local communities in navigating the multifaceted
repercussions of riverbank erosion.

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Figure 1. The map of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta.

2㸬Field measurements and bathymetric maps generating
In our quest to assess the ever-evolving morphological changes, we gathered the field bathymetric datasets for 1998,
2005, 2017, and 2020. The 1998 riverbed cross-section profiles were obtained from Thuyloi University and the Southern
Institute of Water Resources Research, Vietnam. Correspondingly 2005 datasets were sourced from the Southern Instituteof Water Resource Planning (SIWRP). Subsequently, 2017's bathymetric data collection conducted in August and
September of that year, was facilitated by financial support from the Japan-ASEAN Science, Technology, and Innovation
Platform (JASTIP) under Kyoto University's auspices, as highlighted by authors. For the data on 2020, a comprehensive
collection was undertaken across both 2020 and 2021, produced similarly from SIWRP. Utilizing the Geomorphic Change
Detection (GCD®6) tool within ArcGIS®10, we computed the disparities in riverbed elevations for the periods. To
uphold the fidelity of our comparisons and accommodate potential instrumentation discrepancies across years, it's crucial
to highlight a depth uncertainty threshold of ±0.2 m for each 10 m depth. Thus, variations falling within this thresholdremained unconsidered.
3㸬Data processing and assessment of riverbanks migration
To pinpoint areas undergoing bank erosion in our study, we began by leveraging the historical data from Landsat-5, 8,
and 9 satellites, sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). To ensure accurate subsequent analyses, we applied
Atmospheric Correction (AC) using the open-source image processing tool (ACOLITE), converting the pixel values fromraw Digital Numbers (DN) to Surface Reflectance (SR) values.
From these SR values across specific bands—including blue, green, red, Near InfraRed (NIR), Short-Wave InfraRed– 1 (SWIR-1), and Short-Wave InfraRed - 2 (SWIR-2) —we derived crucial input variables. Following this the originalLandsat bands were strategically transformed to unveil three essential additional indices: the Automated Water Extraction
Index (AWEI), the Modified Normalized Different Index (MNDWI), and the Normalized Different Vegetation Index(NDVI). This transformation culminated in a comprehensive nine-band composite image, enhancing the scope and detailof our subsequent analyses.
Subsequently, to distinguish between water and non-water classes, we harnessed the capabilities of the Deep Forest(DF) model, in a Python environment, generating binary maps. Furthermore, to ensure optimal performance, we finetuned the model's hyperparameters using the Grid Search Cross-Validation (GridSearchCV) from Scikit learn library,specifically for our 2021 dataset while ensuring its applicability across other years. Utilizing the Ground Truth Pixels(GTPs) from 2021 to delineate Regions of Interest (RoIs) for both water and non-water classes, subsequently extracting
the pixel value datasets for the deployment of the DF model. Each dataset was partitioned randomly, allocating 60% fortraining and 40% for testing the DF model. In the concluding phase, binary maps categorizing water and non-water classes
were generated for the study sites across various years. The extracted water boundaries were then transformed into vector
format, i.e. polyline format, facilitating a more detailed analysis of temporal riverbank changes. For each interval, the- 23 -

Linear Regression Rate (LRR) was estimated as the average annual change in bank migration (in meters), offering clear
quantitative measures of riverbank erosion, deposition, or stability over time.

4㸬Morphological changes in the VMD River
The bathymetry maps generated for the 3 periods present a comprehensive overview of riverbed elevation across theentire VMD (Fig. 2). The elevations are largely irregular, with the upper reaches generally displaying greater depth andvariability than the lower reaches. The analysis reveals the average rates of riverbed incision along the thalweg were as
follows: -0.19 m/year in the period from 1998 to 2005, -0.11 m/year from 2005 to 2017, and -0.10 m/year between 2017and 2020. Additionally, the net annual incision volume for the entire VMD region was estimated to be -119 Mm³/year, 69 Mm³/year, and -66 Mm³/year during these corresponding periods (Fig. 3).

Figure 2. The annual riverbed changes in the 3 periods: 1998-2005, 2005-2017, and 2017-2020.

The results of the assessment over the 3-time intervals indicate a significant migration of riverbanks within the VMD.
Over these intervals, certain regions have witnessed riverbank movements ranging from 5 m/year to a staggering -5 m/year.
Notably, erosion overwhelmingly dominates the status of riverbanks throughout the VMD, with an increasing trend
observed over the studied periods. In regions characterized by curvilinear sections, narrow passes, and deep erosion
pockets, such as Sa Dec and downstream Tan Chau (Fig. 2), erosion rates have peaked at around -5 m/year. In stark
contrast, straighter river segments present a different picture. Here, while erosion is subdued, deposition takes precedence.
In certain stretches, deposition rates are increasing and have been recorded at 5 m/year, notably around 20 km downstream
from Long Xuyen, 18 km downstream from Can Tho, and 8 km upstream from Tra Vinh.

Figure 3. The sediment budget changes in the 3 periods:1998-2005, 2005-2017, and 2017-2020.

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The upper reaches of the Tien and Hau Rivers up to My Thuan and Can Tho experienced significant incisions between
1998 and 2020, with an increasing trend observed across the three periods (Fig. 2). This trend is primarily attributed to
the reduction in sediment load resulting from upstream damming and excessive sand mining activities, as documented inprevious studies. On the other hand, there was an increase in sediment deposition observed in the lower reaches of boththe Tien and Hau Rivers, extending to their respective river mouths as illustrated in Figure 2. Notably, these lower reaches
are characterized by their shallow depths, a feature influenced by sedimentation processes during both the flood and dry
seasons. Sediments, which are transported downstream by the river flows and eventually discharged into the sea, tend tosettle and accumulate at the river mouths. However, an interesting phenomenon comes into play: this deposited sedimentis not static but is instead resuspended and carried back upstream by the action of waves and tides.


Figure 4. The riverbank erosion locations along the VMD River.
Overall, the Mekong Delta in Vietnam stands as a dynamic region, with morphological analyses across three distinct
periods revealing significant shifts in riverbank and riverbed configurations. Notably, in Figure 2 and Figure 3, apronounced intensification of both erosion and deposition processes between 2017 and 2020 is evident compared to thepreceding periods. This heightened dynamic likely arises from the continued interplay of human interventions,
underscoring the anthropogenic influence on the delta's morphological changes. Our 2022 field survey further illuminates
this narrative. In several locations, including Vinh Long, upstream Tra Vinh, and the Ham Loung Branch (Fig. 4), we
observed instances of bank erosion proximate to previously identified lowered and irregular riverbeds. Such observations
solidify the interconnected and dynamic relationship between riverbed incision and riverbank erosion within the delta.
Nonetheless, while these findings provide crucial insights, there remains a need for further research to quantify the precise
contribution of bank erosion to sediment budgets and to discern its broader implications on the Mekong Delta's evolving
landscape.

References
1) D. V. Binh, S. Kantoush, and T. Sumi, "Changes to long-term discharge and sediment loads in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta caused
by upstream dams," Geomorphology, vol. 353, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.107011.
2) D. V. Binh et al., "Hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphodynamics in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Field study andnumerical modelling," Geomorphology, vol. 413, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108368.
3) Hackney, Christopher R., et al. “Sand Mining in the Mekong Delta Revisited-Current Scales of Local Sediment Deficits.” Scientific
Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2020, pp. 1–14.
4) Jordan, Christian, et al. “Sand Mining in the Mekong Delta Revisited-Current Scales of Local Sediment Deficits.” Scientific Reports,
vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1–14.
5) Kondolf, G Mathias, et al. “Changing Sediment Budget of the Mekong: Cumulative Threats and Management Strategies for a Large
River Basin.” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 625, 2018, pp. 114–34.
6) Kondolf, George Mathias, et al. “Dams on the Mekong: Cumulative Sediment Starvation.” Water Resources Research, vol. 50, no.
6, 2014, pp. 5158–69.
7) Kummu, Matti, and Olli Varis. “Sediment-Related Impacts Due to Upstream Reservoir Trapping, the Lower Mekong River.”Geomorphology, vol. 85, no. 3–4, 2007, pp. 275–93.

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ᩳ㠃ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻྍど໬ࢶ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ⠏࡜ᅵ◁⅏ᐖࣞࢪ࢚ࣜࣥࢫࡢྥୖ࡟
ྥࡅࡓᆅᇦᐇ㊶
Hillslope hazard mapping and trial implementation toward improvement of regional
resilience for landslide disasterᯇᅄ㞝㥽1㸪⏿ᒣ‶๎1㸪⏥ᒣ ἞2㸪Ώ㑓ဴᘯ3㸪㰻⸨ ோ4㸪ᯇᓮᾈஅ5
Yuki MATSUSHI1, Michinori HATAYAMA1, Osamu KOZAN2,
Tetsuhiro WATANABE3, Hitoshi SAITO4, Hiroyuki MATSUZAKI5
1ி㒔኱Ꮫ 㜵⅏◊✲ᡤDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University2ி㒔኱Ꮫ ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ◊✲◊✲ᡤCenter for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University3ி㒔኱Ꮫ ᆅ⌫⎔ቃᏛᇽ
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University4ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ ⎔ቃᏛ◊✲⛉Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University5ᮾி኱Ꮫ ⥲ྜ◊✲༤≀㤋 ࢱࣥࢹ࣒ຍ㏿ჾศᯒᐊMicro Analysis Laboratory, Tandem accelerator, The University of Tokyo

This study developed a hydro-geomorphological model for assessing landslide hazards. The model simulates
formation of weathered bedrock zone and accumulation of creeping soil layer on hillslopes. Reinforcement of the soil
by tree roots was formulated as a function of soil depth. Subsurface rainwater percolation and pressure increase at thesoil bottom are also modeled and validated by hydrological observation. Coupling of those models enables us toevaluate spatiotemporal change in hillslope stability during a rainfall event. Predictability of the model was tested in asite where landslide disaster occurred recently. The deterministic process-based model was then used for simulating
the cyclic soil dynamics, i.e., soil accumulation and removal on hillslopes, which enabled us to try an ensemble analysis
for probabilistic evaluation of sediment yield from a mountainous watershed. Such outputs contribute risk
communication between various stakeholders, which can enhance disaster resilience of local society.
Key Words : Disaster mitigation, resilience of local society, soil and water sastainability, forest ecosystem, criticalzone㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ㏆ᖺ㸪㒔ᕷ࿘㎶ࡢ⎔ቃᨵኚࡸேⅭⓗẼೃኚㄪ࡟క࠺㇦㞵ࡢቑຍ࠾ࡼࡧᙉ኱ᆅ㟈ࡢⓎ⏕࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᪥ᮏࡢྛᆅ
࡛㸪ᅵ◁⅏ᐖࡀ኱つᶍ࣭㧗㢖ᗘ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟㇦㞵ࡢ㢖ᗘ࣭ᙉᗘࡢቑ኱ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿᑗ᮶Ẽೃୗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᕧ኱ᆅ㟈ࡢⓎ⏕ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿᆅᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅵ◁⅏ᐖࣜࢫࢡࡢ㢧ᅾ໬ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᅵ◁⅏ᐖ࡬ࡢᑐᛂ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚㸪◁㜵ሖሐࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேᕤᵓ㐀≀ࢆ඲࡚ࡢሙ࡟᏶ഛࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ᪋ᕤ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ὶᇦ⎔ቃ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ୙ྍ㑊ⓗ࡟⏕ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪⤒῭ⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪ࣁ࣮ࢻᑐ⟇ࡢ᥎㐍ࡔࡅ࡛⿕ᐖ㍍
ῶࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⌧ᐇⓗ࡛࡞࠸㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪✺Ⓨⓗ࡞㇦㞵ࡸᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡿᅵ◁⅏ᐖ࡟ࡋ࡞ࡸ࠿࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᙉ
㠌࡞ᆅᇦ♫఍ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀≀ᘓ⠏ࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡋࡓࣁ࣮ࢻᑐ⟇࡟ࡼࡿ㜵⅏࡟ຍ࠼㸪᝟ሗ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㆙ᡄ࣭
㑊㞴ࢆ୺࡜ࡋࡓࢯࣇࢺᑐ⟇࡟ࡼࡿῶ⅏ࡢ᪋⟇ࢆᣑ඘ࡋ㸪Ẽೃኚື㐺ᛂ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᕧ኱ᆅ㟈࡬ࡢഛ࠼ࢆᙉ໬ࡋ࡚㸪ᅵ◁⅏ᐖ࡬ࡢᆅᇦⓗ࡞ࣞࢪ࢚ࣜࣥࢫࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⏦ㄳ⪅ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᅵ◁⅏ᐖࡢ⣲ᅉᡂ❧࠾ࡼࡧㄏᅉస⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ
ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ㸪㠉᪂ⓗ࡞ᩳ㠃ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࡢホ౯࣭ྍど໬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣ
ᆅᅗ࢔ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥୖ࡟㸪㝆Ỉᾐ㏱࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᆅ㟈ືࢆㄏᅉ࡜ࡍࡿᩳ㠃ᔂቯ࡜ᅵ▼ὶࡢࣁࢨ࣮ࢻ㸦༴㝤ᗘ㸧ࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࢆྍど໬ࡍࡿ㸬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ෆ࡛ࡣ௵ពࡢ᝿ᐃ㇦㞵ࡸᆅ㟈ࢆධຊ࡜ࡋࡓࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᆅ- 26 -

㟈ືࡢᙉࡉ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㝆㞵ࡢ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᙉᗘ࡜㸪ᩳ㠃ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻቑ኱࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࠿ࡘどぬⓗ࡟ᥦ♧ࡋ㸪ᆅᇦఫẸ࡜ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵࡢࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡵࡊࡍ㸬ࡇࢀࢆᒣ㯄ᒃఫᇦ࡛ࡢᅵ◁⅏ᐖࣜࢫࢡࡢㄆ▱࣭ඹ᭷࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᚑ᮶ࡼࡾࡶ᱁ẁ࡟☜ᗘ࣭⢭ᗘࡢ㧗࠸㆙ᡄ࣭㑊㞴᝿ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦࡢᅵ◁⅏ᐖࣞࢪ࢚ࣜࣥࢫࢆ㣕㌍ⓗ࡟ྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬◊✲ᮇ㛫୰࡟ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪㏆ᖺࡢ㇦㞵࠾ࡼࡧᆅ㟈࡛ࡢⓎ⅏ᆅࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻホ౯ࡢ⢭ᗘ࡜☜ᗘࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛㸪ᅜෆࡢᮍ⅏ࡢሙ㸦ࣜࢫࢡࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢᮍࡔ⅏ᐖࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙ㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪Ⓨ⅏ࡢ෌⌧࠿ࡽண ࡬ࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࢔ࢵࣉ࠾ࡼࡧῶ⅏ࡢࡓࡵࡢᐇ⏝࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
࠿ࢆᢳฟ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬㸰㸬◊✲࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ᡂᯝ
 ㏆ᖺ࡟㇦㞵ࡸᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡾⓎ⅏ࡋࡓሙ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ㏆㞄࡛⿕ᐖⓎ⏕ࡢᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙࢆྵࡴ㡿ᇦࢆ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡍࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪2010 ᖺ௦࡟㇦㞵ࡸᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩳ㠃⅏ᐖࡢⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ⚟ᒸ࣭ᗈᓥ࣭ᮾி࣭ᰣᮌ࣭ᐑᇛ࣭
໭ᾏ㐨࡞࡝ࢆ㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࢪࣅࣜࢸ࢕☜ㄆࡢࡓࡵࡢㄪᰝᆅᇦ࡟㑅ᐃࡋ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱྲྀᚓ࡜ࣔࢹࣝᵓ⠏ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡽࡢᆅᇦࡢᒣᆅᩳ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡲࡎ㸪ᔂቯணഛ≀㉁࡜࡞ࡿ㢼໬ᅵᒙ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㝆ୗⅆ○≀㸦ࢸࣇࣛ㸧⣼ᒙࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࢆ㸪Ᏹᐂ⥺⏤᮶ࡢᨺᑕᛶྠ఩యࡢศᯒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㢼໬࡜ࢯ࢖ࣝࢡ࣮ࣜࣉࡢࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢸࣇࣛࡢ
࢔࢖ࢯࣃࢵࢡ࣐ࢵࣉࡢసᡂࡢゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⣽ᐦࢹࢪࢱࣝᆅᙧࣔࢹࣝୖ࡛᥎ᐃࡋ㸪ᩳ㠃⅏ᐖࡢ⣲ᅉࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࡓ㸬ᩳ㠃ᵓᡂ≀ࡢ㢼໬≉ᛶࡸỈ⌮࣭ຊᏛⓗᛶ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㋃ᰝ࡜ᅵ㉁ヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ㄪ࡭㸪ࣔࢹࣝࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ㸦ᅗ 1㸧࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ᅗ 㸬ᩳ㠃ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻホ౯ࡢࣔࢹࣝࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ
ࡇࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣ㸪㇦㞵᫬࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⾲ᒙᔂቯ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡗ࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬㝆Ỉᾐ㏱࡟క࠺ᅵᒙ୰ࡢ㛫㝽Ỉᅽኚືࢆࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓࡢࡕ㸪ᩘ್ィ⟬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ほ ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ෌⌧ࡋ㸪Ỉᩥࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࢆỴᐃࡋࡓ㸬Ỉᩥࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪ᩳ㠃ὸ㒊ࡢᅵᒙ࡜㢼໬ᒾ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㢼໬ᖏᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪㏱Ỉᛶࡀ῝ᗘ᪉ྥ࡟ᣦᩘ㛵ᩘⓗ࡟ῶ⾶ࡍࡿᇶ┙ᒾ୰࡛ࡢᐃᖖഃ᪉ὶື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᾰ㣴ࡉࢀࡿᅵᒙ୰ࡢỈ㢌ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ 2㸧㸬ࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛㸪ᅵᒙࡢཌࡳࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࢆ୚࠼ࡓࢹࢪࢱࣝᆅᙧࣔࢹࣝୖ࡛㸪㇦㞵᫬ࡢ㖄┤ᾐ㏱࡟క࠺▷ᮇⓗ࡞㛫㝽Ỉᅽኚືࢆ㸪᫬⣔ิⓗ࡟⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 3㸧㸬ᅗ 㸬㢼໬ᖏࡢཌࡳ㸦$㸧࡜ᒾ┙࠿ࡽࡢỈᾰ㣴࡟ࡼࡿᅵᒙ୰࡛ࡢỈ㢌㸦%㸧ࡢィ⟬౛࡜⦪᩿ᅗ㸦&㸧㸬- 27 -ᅗ 㸬ホ౯ᑐ㇟ὶᇦࡢ୍ࡘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅵᒙࡢཌࡳ㸦$㸧࡜㛫㝽Ỉᅽኚື㸦%&㸧ࡢィ⟬౛㸬Ỉᩥㄏᅉࣔࢹࣝࢆᆅᙧ࣭ᆅ㉁⣲ᅉࣔࢹࣝ࡟࢝ࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㝆㞵ࡢ㐍⾜࡟క࠺ᩳ㠃ࡢ୙Ᏻᐃ㡿ᇦࡢᣑࡀࡾࢆྍど໬ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 4㸧㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪᳃ᯘࡢ᰿⣔ࡀ㸪ᅵᒙ⿵ᙉ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟⪃៖ࡋࡓ㸬ࣔࢹࣝࡢฟຊࢆᐇ㝿ࡢ㇦㞵࡟ࡼࡿⓎ⅏≧ἣ࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚㸪⢭ᗘ࡜☜ᗘࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪㝆㞵ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬࡟ᩳ㠃Ᏻᐃᛶࡀᇶ‽್ࢆୗᅇࡿ୙Ᏻᐃ㡿ᇦࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢᅵ◁⛣ື⑞㊧ࡢ※㢌㒊㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⾲ᒙᔂቯⓎ⏕ሙ㸧ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ෌⌧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 4㸧㸬ᅗ 㸬ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ⾲ᒙᔂቯࡢண 㸦$㸧࡜ᐇ㝿ࡢᅵ◁⛣ື⑞㊧㸦%㸧ࡢẚ㍑౛㸬ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡛㐣ཤ࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⾲ᒙᔂቯ࡟ࡼࡿ⅏ᐖࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ෌⌧࿘ᮇ 100ᖺࡢ㝆㞵࡛㸪௵ពࡢἼᙧࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᣢࡘ᝿ᐃ㇦㞵ࢆධຊ࡜ࡋࡓࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸㸪㝆㞵ࡢ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᙉᗘ࡜㸪ᩳ㠃ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻቑ኱࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࠿ࡘ☜⋡ㄽⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿヨࡳ࡟ࡶྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟く᮶ࡍࡿ 100 ᖺ෌⌧࿘ᮇࡢ㝆㞵࡟ࡼࡿ✺Ⓨⓗ࡞⾲ᒙᔂቯ㸦ᅵᒙࡢ㝖ཤ㸧࡜㸪ࡑࡢ㛫ࡢ⦆៏࡞ᒾ┙㢼໬࡜ࢯ࢖ࣝࢡ࣮ࣜࣉ㸦ᅵᒙᅇ᚟㸧ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ὶᇦ࠿ࡽࡢᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡢ☜⋡ㄽⓗ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ィ⟬ᮇ㛫ࡣ⣙ 500 ᖺ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ㛫࡟ 6 ᅇⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࢺ࣮ࣜ࢞㝆㞵ࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥ
ࢢࡣ஘ᩘ࡛ᐃࡵ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ࡬ࡢධຊ࡜ࡍࡿ㝆㞵Ἴᙧ࡟ࡣྠᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐣ཤࡢ㝆㞵グ㘓࠿ࡽ⤒㦂ⓗ࡟᥎ᐃࡋࡓ
ᑤᗘ࡜ṍᗘ࡛ᦂࡽࡂࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛௵ពᛶࢆ☜ಖࡋࡓ㸬ᒁᡤᏳ඲⋡࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ୙Ᏻᐃ㡿ᇦࡀ୍ᐃࡢᣑ኱ᖜࢆࡶ
ࡘሙྜ࡟ᔂࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜ࡍࡿุᐃ๎ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ㸪㝆㞵࢖࣋ࣥࢺẖࡢὶᇦ༢఩࡛ࡢᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡣ㸪ᔂቯ⠊ᅖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅵᒙཌࡢ⥲࿴࡜ࡋ࡚⟬ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ 5 ࡟ィ⟬⤖ᯝࡢ୍౛ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬᭱ึࡢ㝆㞵࢖࣋ࣥࢺ୍࡛㒊ࡢᩳ㠃ࡀ⾲ᒙᔂቯࢆ⏕ࡌ࡚ච␿ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᚋ⥆ࡢ㝆㞵࡛ࡣ㸪๓ࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡛ᔂࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᩳ㠃ࡢ᪂つᔂቯࡸ᪤Ꮡᔂቯ
㊧ᆅࡢ࿘⦕㒊࡛ࡢᣑ኱ᔂቯࡀ⏕ࡌࡿᵝᏊࡀほᐹࡉࢀ㸪ྠࡌ㇂㢌พᆅ࡛ࡢᔂቯࡢ෌Ⓨ⏕ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ 5A㸧㸬ゎᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ 2.5 km2 ࡢὶᇦෆ࡛ࡢᔂቯ㠃✚⋡ࡣ 1~5%࡜⌧ᐇⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪100 ᖺ෌⌧࿘ᮇࡢࡦ࡜㞵ᙜࡓࡾࡢᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡣ㝆㞵ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸦ᅗ 5B㸧࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ 1104 m3 ࠿ࡽ 1.2105 m3 ࡲ࡛ኚ໬ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 5C㸧㸬

- 28 -ᅗ 㸬ᅵᒙࡢⓎ㐩࡜㝖ཤࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ⾲ᒙᔂቯࡢⓎ⏕࡜ᅵ◁⏕⏘ࡢண ౛㸬ᅵᒙࡢⓎ㐩࡜㝖ཤࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ྠࡌ෌⌧࿘ᮇࡢ㝆㞵࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡣ㸪㝆㞵ࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡜Ἴᙧ࡟ᙉࡃ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ᔂቯච␿ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚⾲ᒙᔂቯࡢⓎ⏕ሙࡶኚ㑄ࡍࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᒣᆅὶᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅵ◁⏕⏘ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࢧ࢖ࢡࣜࢵࢡ࡞Ỉᩥᆅᙧ㐣⛬཯ᫎࡋ࡚ᦂࡽ࠸࡛࠾ࡾ㸪㝆㞵ධຊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㠀⥺ᙧⓗ࡟᣺⯙࠺㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ὶᇦ࠿ࡽࡢᅵ◁⏕⏘ண ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪☜⋡ㄽⓗホ౯ࡀព࿡ࢆ
ᡂࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪」ᩘࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࢆ௜୚ࡋࡓ࢔ࣥࢧࣥࣈࣝゎᯒࢆヨࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ㸬ᅗ 5 ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ึᮇ᮲௳ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀṧࡾᚓࡿ 2 ᅇ┠ࡲ࡛ࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡣࣜࢭࢵࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨௜ࡅ㸪ṧࡾࡢ 4 ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡢ┤๓ࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ࡢᅵᒙࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࢆ☜⋡ⓗ⣲ᅉ᮲௳࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡟☜⋡ⓗㄏᅉస⏝࡜ࡋ࡚ 100 ᖺ෌⌧࿘ᮇࡢ㞵
ࢆከᵝ࡞Ἴᙧ࡛୚࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᕸ࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿? ⣲ᅉ 4 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡜ㄏᅉ 9 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ 36 ㏻ࡾ࡛ࡢᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡢ☜⋡ㄽⓗホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ 6 ࡟ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᚓࡽࢀࡓࣄࢫࢺ
ࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟㸪☜⋡ᐦᗘ㛵ᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ᙜ࡞᭱ᑠ್ศᕸࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿ࡜㸪ᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡢ㉸㐣☜⋡᭤⥺ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㇦㞵࡟ࡼࡿὶᇦᅵ◁⏕⏘࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᭱ึࡢ㸪ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࣮࣋ࢫࢻࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿỴᐃㄽⓗ࡞ィ⟬ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡋࡓ☜⋡ㄽⓗ࡞ண ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬ᅗ 㸬 ᖺ෌⌧࿘ᮇࡢ㝆㞵࡟ᑐࡍࡿὶᇦ࠿ࡽࡢᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡢ☜⋡ㄽⓗホ౯౛㸬㸱㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩳ㠃ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻホ౯ἲࡢᵓ⠏࡜࡜♫఍ᐇ⿦࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪⣲ᅉ࡜ㄏᅉࡢ୧㠃࠿ࡽỈᩥᆅᙧᏛⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ
ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ỵᐃㄽⓗࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⾲ᒙᔂቯ࡜ᅵᒙᅇ᚟ࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᫬✵㛫ⓗ࡟ࡺࡽࡂࡢ࠶ࡿ⣲ᅉ᮲௳ࡀタᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪㝆㞵ࢆධຊ࡜ࡋࡓࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝࣟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪௵ព෌⌧࿘ᮇࡢ㞵࡟క࠺ᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡢ㉸㐣☜⋡᭤⥺ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ᩳ㠃ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࡢ☜⋡ㄽⓗホ౯ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪௵ពὶᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅵ◁⅏ᐖࡢண ࣭᝿ᐃࡸ㸪ᅵ◁㔞⟬ᐃ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃຠᯝⓗ࡞ேᕤᵓ㐀≀ࡢ㓄ഛ㸪ᆅᇦ♫఍࡜ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࢯࣇࢺ࡞◁㜵஦ᴗࡢᒎ㛤࡟ᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓேⅭⓗẼೃኚㄪ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪㐣ཤࡢⓎ⅏஦౛ࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࢔ࢺࣜࣅ࣮ࣗࢩࣙࣥࡸᅵ◁ືែኚᐜࡢᑗ᮶ண ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬- 29 -

࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࡢ⇕ᖏἾⅣᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὥỈ࣭ⅆ⅏ࣜࢫࢡ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
Flood and Fire Risk in Tropical Peatland in Indonesiaᒣᮏ ࢚ࣦ࢓ 1ࠊబᒣ ᩗὒ 2ࠊᒣᮏ ᾈ኱ 1ࠊ⏥猞 ἞ 3
Eva YAMAMOTO 1, Takahiro SAYAMA 2, Kodai YAMAMOTO 1, andOsamu KOZAN 3

1ி㒔኱Ꮫ 㜵⅏◊✲ᡤ ≉ᐃຓᩍ
Kyoto University, DPRI, Programme Specific Assistant Professor
2ி㒔኱Ꮫ 㜵⅏◊✲ᡤ ᩍᤵ
Kyoto University, DPRI, Professor
3ி㒔኱Ꮫ ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ᡤ ᩍᤵ
Kyoto University, CSEAS, Professor

Tropical peatlands in Indonesia, predominantly situated in lowland areas of major river basins, are facing escalating
risks of consecutive flooding and fire disasters in the recent decades. However, compounding disasters, where floods
and fires happened at the same place in the same year, rarely happened – about once in 10 to 20 years. With the robust
projection of increasing consecutive dry days (CDD) and 15-day rainfall the compounding disasters is likely to beintensified in the future. To prove this hypothesis, we obtain future floods extent using the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation(RRI) model and future fire risk Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) using NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 SSP 370 datasets.
Our preliminary results show that both duration and frequency of floods and fires risks will increase in the future. The
floods and fires as compounding disasters will be intensified to 5-6 times in a decade particularly at the lowland area
along the big rivers.
Key Words : tropical peatlands, floods, fires, compounding disasters, climate change 㸯㸬Introduction
The tropical peatlands in Indonesia covers about 11% of its lowland area. Most of these peatlands were drained andconverted to croplands, mainly for oil palm plantations and acacia woods. Due to its high carbon content, the drained peat
is more prone to fire. On the other hand, as part of big river basins in Sumatra and Kalimantan island, the tropical peatlands
are flooded from time to time. The interannual variability such as ENSO and IOD increase the magnitude of floods orfires once or twice in a decade. However, our observation using satellite imageries and fire data from the Ministry ofForestry of Indonesia shows that floods and fires may occur at the same place in the same year (Figure 1) which may
happen once in 10 or 20 years.

Figure 1. Batanghari river basin (left); and flooded area (blue) and peat fire area (red hatch) at the downstream of BatanghariRiver basin during the rainy and dry seasons in 2015, respectively. The pink background is peat-lands (right).

Our previous results using Non-Hydrostatic Regional Climate Model (NHRCM) RCP 8.5 and the Rainfall-RunoffInundation (RRI) Model on the Batanghari River Basin (42,960 km2) showed that the flood inundation volume- 30 -

corresponding to a 20-year return period will increase by 3.3 times. Conversely, our results usingNEX-GDDP-CMIP5
MRI-CGCM RCP 8.5 and Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) (Keetch and Byram, 1968) in Indonesian TropicalPeatlands showed that potentially high-risk fire area will increase by 3.2 times with 4 times higher frequency. The
projected increase in both the frequency and magnitude of these extreme events calls fora rigorous quantification of
uncertainties surrounding future flood and fire occurrences as compounding disasters. To address this concern
comprehensively, our study adopts an integrated approach, combining the advanced Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI)
model with NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 datasets. By considering the broader hydrological system, we incorporate two distinct
model domains—the river basin scale and the peatland scale—to holistically account for the complex interactions between
upstream catchments and flood and fire events in the peatland areas. Additionally, the study utilizes the soil moistureobtained from peatland-scale hydrological simulations to assess the potential occurrence of future fire outbreaks.
In this report, we present the preliminary results of rainfall analysis of NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 datasets and the river basin
scale simulations as the basis to understand the intensification of floods and fires disasters as compounding disasters in
the tropical peatlands.

2㸬Methodology
In this study, we used the RRI model to obtain flood extent in 5 big river basins in Sumatra Island, i.e. Musi River,Batanghari River, Kampar River, Rokan River and Indragiri River. We utilized 17 out of 35 models of NEX-GDDPCMIP6 rainfall data of historical (1980 – 2014) and SSP 370 (2070-2100) scenarios. Using the same dataset, we separately
calculated the reference potential evapotranspiration (PET) using Penman-Monteith and used the PET as input data in
RRI model. We utilized model setting which was adopted by Yamamoto et al. (2022).
To obtain the future fire risks, we used KBDI. The index was proven to be accurate enough to predict big fire eventsin the region. As threshold value, we used KBDI value of 175 to define fire risk area (indenfied as extreme in Taufik etal.,2015).
3㸬Results and Discussions
Our preliminary results show that that the annual precipitation will increase in northern part of equator and decrease in
the southern part of equator (Figure 2). The changes in annual precipitation vary among model and only a few areas showrobust projection of change. However, more robust prediction can be seen in the increase of consecutive dry days (CDD)
and maximum 15-day rainfall (RX15d). In most of the area of the island, at least 14 out of 17 models agree that CDD andRX15d will increase. The change monthly rainfall show that the seasonality will intensify in the region. In the southernhemisphere, the dry season is expected to last until October-November while in the northern hemisphere the early dry
season (usually occur in February) will last until March-April. The monthly rainfall will increase in January in thesouthern hemisphere while in the northern hemisphere, the wet season will set earlier and intensify with high peak in
November. These results are in line with findings from Kang et al. (2017) using MIT Regional Climate Model (MRCM).
The number high fire risk days (fire duration) will increase by 12-54 days in the future with good agreement among
the models. The southern part such as peatlands around South Sumatra and Jambi is expected to have higher increase infire duration compare to peatlands around Riau. The number of high fire risks days in the south part of Sumatra may
increase from 2 months to 4 months while in the northern part it may increase to 1 to 1.5 months. The frequency ofpotential fire events (fire frequency) in 10 years will also increase in the future. The fire frequency will increase from 12 times to 7-8 times in a decade. This result is in line with research by Cox et al. (2008) using HadCM3LC global model
to identify drought in Amazon. The change in the number of events, however, is highest in the Riau and Jambi peatlands
and not in the south Sumatra.
The hydrological simulation show that floods happen along the downstream area of main big rivers of Indragiri,
Batanghari and Musi rivers, while in Kampar and Rokan rivers, floods happen in the middle area of the basin. The flood
duration (water height > 30 cm above ground) will increase by 25 days from the present condition and the floods frequency
will increase by 3 events in a decade from the present condition.
Based on the floods and fires extent, we obtained the number of compounding events where floods and fires occur atthe same place in the same year. The compounding disasters will increase from 1-3 events in present condition to 5-6
events in the future. These results show that the compounding disasters will intensify in the future.

- 31 -

4㸬ConclusionsThis study utilizes RRI model, KBDI and NEXGDDP-CMIP6 to understand the complex
interaction between climate change, floods andfires in the tropical peatlands of Indonesia. Most
climate models agree that CDD and RX15d will
increase in the future resulting increasing induration and frequency of floods and fires. Our
preliminary results show that compounding
disasters in the tropical peatlands of Sumatra Islandin Indonesia will intensify in the future.
Our overarching goal is to identify high-riskareas within Indonesian tropical peatlands,
contributing essential knowledge on regions mostsusceptible to flooding and fires. Thoroughly
examining simulation results based on different
climate models helps us comprehensively assess
inherent future extreme events, leading to a better
understanding of the complex interactions between
climate change, floods, and fires in these
ecologically sensitive ecosystems.

Figure 2 Consecutive dry days (CDD) will longer at red places
and 15-day rainfall will be increased at blue places.

References
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4)

Cox, P., Harris, P., Huntingford, C. et al. Increasing risk of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution. Nature 453,
212–215 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06960
Kang, S., Im, E-S, Eltahir, E.A.B. Future climate change enhances rainfall seasonality in a regional model of western Maritime
Continent, Clim Dyn 52, 747–764 (2019)
J.J. Keetch, G. Byram, A Drought Index For Forest Fire control. Res. Paper SE-38, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC (1968)
Yamamoto, E., Sayama, T., Sugawara, Y., Yamamoto,K. Effects of Measured Soil Properties in Hydrological Simulation in a
Humid Tropical River Basin, Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), Vol. 78, No. 2, I_757I_762 (2022)- 32 -ὶ㊰ኚື࡟ࡼࡿỏ℃ཎࡢᆅᙧኚື≉ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓἙᕝ࣭ỏ℃ཎᩚഛ᪉ἲࡢ᳨ウ
Suitable river regulation work considering the characteristics of floodplain topographic
changes due to channel deformations➉ᯘ ὒྐ1㸪⸨⏣ ṇ἞2㸪࣓ࢢ ࣅࢩ࣐ࣗ࣡࢝ࣝ2㸪࣓࢘ࢩࣗ ࢩࣥ3
Hiroshi TAKEBAYASHI1, Masaharu FUJITA2, MegB. BISHWAKARMA3and Umesh SINGH3
1ி㒔኱Ꮫ 㜵⅏◊✲ᡤDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University2ி㒔኱Ꮫ ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ◊✲ᡤ
Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University3ࣁ࢖ࢻࣟࣛ࣎
Hydro LabThe characteristics of floodplain geometry deformation due to channel deformation were discussed using twodimensional bed deformation analysis, and the optimal river and floodplain regulation works that ensure sustainablesurvival foundations for people on the floodplain are discussed. The results show the method to create places on thefloodplain that are largely unaffected by channel deformations, and to develop cities in areas with low risk of flooding.
Key Words : Floodplain, Channel deformation, Terai Landscape, Numerical simulation㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝ༡㒊࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿTerai Landscape࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᖹ㔝㒊ࡣ, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡜⤒῭ⓗ౯್ࡢ୧㠃࡛㔜せ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 Terai࡟ࡣ⣙164ࡢἙᕝࡀὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢἙᕝࡢከࡃࡣ, ࣄ࣐ࣛࣖࡢ㯄ࡢୣ㝠ᆅᖏ࡛࠶ࡿ
Chureᆅᇦ࡟※ࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ChureᆅᇦࡣᆅẆኚືࡀάⓎ࡞ᆅᇦ࡟఩⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᆅ┙ࡀ⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㝆㞵㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚, ᩳ㠃ᔂቯࡸᅵ▼ὶ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿᅵ◁⏕⏘ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟άⓎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ, ᆅ┙໙㓄ࡀ⦆ࡸ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᶓ᩿᪉ྥ࡟㛤ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿTerai࡛ࡣ㸪ὶ㊰ኚື, Ἑᓊᾐ㣗㸪ᅵ◁ࡢỏ℃࣭ሁ
✚࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ἑᕝ࠾ࡼࡧỏ℃ཎࡢᆅᙧኚ໬ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ, ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡸᒃఫᆅ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓἙᕝᩚഛࡣ㸪ὶ㊰ᙧ≧ࡢኚື≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ゎࡀ୙㊊ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ, ࠶ࡲࡾຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ὶ㊰ኚື࡟ࡼࡿỏ℃ཎࡢᆅᙧኚື≉ᛶࢆᩘ್ࢩ
࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ, ỏ℃ཎ࡛ࡢேࠎࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏕άᇶ┙ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿἙᕝ࣭ỏ℃ཎᩚഛ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ 1 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬ㸦⫼ᬒ⏬ീཬࡧ᩿㠃ᅗ㸸Google Earth㸧- 33 -

(a)ゎᯒ⠊ᅖ࡜ᆅ┙㧗    (b) Ỉ῝࡜ὶ㏿࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢᖹ㠃ศᕸ㸦Case 3㸧

ᅗ 2 ゎᯒ᮲௳࡜ Case3 ࡢゎᯒ⤖ᯝ㸦⫼ᬒ⏬ീ㸸Google Earth㸧㸰㸬ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬࡢゎᯒ᪉ἲࡢᴫせa) ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬࡢᴫせᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬࡣ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ࠿ࡽ༡ࡸ⣙ 50km ࡢሙᡤ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓἈ✚ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ 1㸦b㸧࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬࡣ㸪Ἑᗋ໙㓄ࡀᛴ࡛ỏ℃ཎᖜࡀ⊃࠸ᒣ㛫ᆅ࠿ࡽἙᗋ໙㓄ࡀ⦆ࡸ࠿࡛ỏ℃ཎᖜࡀᗈࡀ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ὶ㊰࣭Ἑᗋᙧែࡣ⥙≧ὶ㊰࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ἑᕝᮾഃ࡟㎰⪔ᆅ࡜Ꮿᆅࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬b) ᇶ♏᪉⛬ᘧ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬࡢὶ㊰ኚື≉ᛶࢆゎᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᖹ㠃஧ḟඖࡢἙᗋኚືࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸬◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬࡣἙᗋ໙㓄ཬࡧỏ℃ཎᖜࡢᛴኚᆅⅬ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅵ◁ࡢሁ✚࡟క࠺ὶ㊰ኚືࡀάⓎ࡞ᆅⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᾐ㏱ὶࡀẚ㍑ⓗከࡃ㸪℩ษࢀࡶⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪⾲㠃ὶ࡜ᾐ㏱ὶࡢ୧᪉ࡢὶࢀࢆྠ᫬࡟ゎᯒࡋ㸪ὶ㊰ࡢ᫬✵㛫ⓗ࡞ኚື≉ᛶࢆ෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
࡟⏝࠸ࡓᇶ♏᪉⛬ᘧࡣ㸪Ἑᗋᮦᩱࢆ୍ᵝ⢏ᚄ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠸㸪ᤲὶ◁ࡢࡳࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ୍⯡ᗙᶆ⣔࡟ࡼࡿᖹ㠃஧ḟඖἙᗋኚືゎᯒࣔࢹࣝ㸦Takebayashi, 2017㸧࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸬c) ゎᯒ᮲௳
ᅗ 2㸦a㸧࡟ゎᯒ⠊ᅖ࡜ᆅ┙㧗ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᆅ┙㧗ࡣ SRTM ࡟ࡼࡿ DEM ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ᖹᆒ࣓ࢵࢩࣗᖜࡣὶୗ᪉ྥ
࡟ 50m㸪ᶓ᩿᪉ྥ࡟ 20m ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Ἑᗋᮦᩱࡢᖹᆒ⢏ᚄࡣ 5mm ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ὶ㔞ࡣ 1500 m3/s㸦Case 1㸧, 2500
m3/s㸦Case 2㸧, 5000 m3/s㸦Case 3㸧ࡢ 3 ✀㢮ࢆᐃᖖⓗ࡟୚࠼ࡓ㸬㸱㸬ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ
ᅗ 2㸦b㸧࡟ Case 3 ࡢỈ῝࡜ὶ㏿࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢᖹ㠃ศᕸࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ 2(b)ࡼࡾ㸪ゎᯒ㡿ᇦෆࡢすഃ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿᮏᕝෆ࡛ࡣ㸪Ỉ῝ࡀ 10m ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿሙᡤࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ὶ㏿ࡣ㸪ᒣ㛫ᆅ࠿ࡽᖹ㔝㒊࡟ฟࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㏿ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾
ࡾ㸪ሙᡤ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ⣙ 12m/s ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㯤Ⰽࡢ◚⥺ࡢ▮༳࡛♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ὶ㊰ࡀᕥᓊഃ࠿ࡽศᒱ
ࡋ࡚ᮏᕝᮾഃࡢ㎰⪔ᆅ࡜Ꮿᆅෆ࡟᪂つ࡟ὶ㊰ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ศᒱὶ㊰ࡣ⣙ 8km ୗὶ࡛ᮏᕝ
ࡢྜὶࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪Ἑ㐨ෆࡢᅵ◁ࡢሁ✚ࡸἙᓊᾐ㣗࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ὶ㊰ࡢศᒱ࣭ྜὶࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࡀ෌⌧ࡉࢀ㸪ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬࡣὶ㊰ᙧ≧ࡢኚືࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟άⓎ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ฟỈ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ὶ㊰ࡢศᒱ࣭ྜὶࡀ㢖⦾࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ὶ㊰ࡢኚື㐣⛬ࡢ୙☜ᐇᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬㏆࠸ᑗ᮶ࡢฟỈ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡋࡓศᒱὶ㊰ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ὶ㊰࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ㐩ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪ศᒱὶ㊰࿘㎶࡛ࡢᅵᆅ฼⏝ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ฟỈ࡟ࡼࡿศᒱὶ㊰ᙧᡂ๓࡟ᑠつᶍࡢศᒱὶ㊰ࢆ᥀๐ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜᝿ᐃࡋࡓሙᡤ࡟ฟỈ᫬࡟ศᒱὶ㊰ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ὶ㊰ኚື㐣⛬ࡢ୙☜ᐇᛶࢆᢚไࡍ
ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ὶ㊰ኚືࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ཷࡅ࡞࠸ሙࢆỏ℃ཎ࡟సࡾฟࡋ㸪ỏ℃ࣜࢫࢡࡢᑡ࡞࠸ሙᡤ࡟㒔ᕷࢆᙧᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ἑᕝᩚഛࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩1) Takebayashi, H. (2017): Modelling braided channels under unsteady flow and the effect of spatiotemporal change ofvegetation on bed and channel geometry, GBR㸪8, 671-702.

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9G75@5H=B;5BH<FCDC;9B=77<5@@9B;9G=B!B8CB9G=55B8=B+CIH<95GHG=5=B;9B9F5@ - 41 -

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 DB5G     5F@GCB"@69FM%9FCK,F=GCG 2=D:9@%G?9K9H5@ @=A5H97<5B;9=B7F95G9G7FCGG
GD97=9GJ=F5@HF5BGA=GG=CBF=G? &5HIF9   T 8C=
 G    K  @C65@ CF9GH /5H7<  !B8CB9G=5 9:CF9GH5H=CB *5H9G  +H5H=GH=7G O /  37=H98  "5B  4  J5=@56@9
<HHDG KKK ;@C65@:CF9GHK5H7< CF; 85G<6C5F8G 7CIBHFM !&   $=I"=9HN,5FD9BH9F+*@69FH=%C@?9%CF5B9H5@ CAD@9L=HMC:7CID@98<IA5B5B8B5HIF5@
GMGH9AG +7=9B79     T   8C=
 G7=9B79    B8F9KG +  56F5<5A =C=B:CFA5H=7G  5GH)  EI5@=HM 7CBHFC@ HCC@ :CF <=;< H<FCI;<DIH G9EI9B79 85H5 
37=H98 "5B 4 J5=@56@9<HHDG KKK 6=C=B:CFA5H=7G 656F5<5A 57 I? DFC>97HG :5GHE7   C@;9F%$C<G9%-G589@ ,F=AACA5H=75:@9L=6@9HF=AA9F:CF!@@IA=B5G9EI9B7985H5 =C=B:CFA5H=7G    T  8C=
 6=C=B:CFA5H=7G 6HI    $5B;A958  +5@N69F; +$  5GH ;5DD98 F958 5@=;BA9BH K=H< CKH=9   &5HIF9 %9H<C8G    
8C=
 BA9H<   =;CH,,9AA5A+(PFCH(@C=H% *. DFCH5F9:9F9B79J=F5@DFCH9=B85H565G95B8=HG %%DFC:=@9G *9G95F7<  8C=
 :
F9G95F7<  
 'D<=BB=1F98=5BGM5<+=F=B5A+%9;5K5H=+HC=5B%B=H5B++9H5@ %CB?9MDCL!AAIB9F9GDCBG9
J577=B5H=CB5B8DF9J9BH=J99::CFHG &5FF5"   8C=  B5FF5 J=  (5F5G<5F- =6GCB " F9G99 "+ @5GG *!  *CH5J=FIG 5B8 G9J9F9 7<=@8<CC8 8=5FF<95  A9F; !B:97H =G    T  8C=  9=8  - 42 -