Geotechnical Damage caused by M7.5 Noto Peninsula Earthquakeof January 1, 2024
(Updated version from EERI QQB presentation on Feb. 23, 2024)

Takashi KIYOTA1, Jun KURIMA1, Takaaki IKEDA2, Masataka SHIGA2
1 Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo
2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology

My Sketchfab Collections;
https://skfb.ly/oQ7sw

Dataset of Google Street View, Geospatial Information Agency of Japan, Japan Meteorological Agency,
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience was utilized1Geotechnical Damage Types

Port Facility (Crustal Deformation )Landslide

2/ 20

Liquefaction-induced Slope Failure

Sand Ejection

13Regional Map/ 20

179 gal at JMAMisaki

Maximum PGA:
2828 gal at ISK006
EpicenterEpicentertoNo

197.7 gal at
JMA-SainenulasninePTokyo
Osaka

ToyamaIshikawa
Fukui

Niigata
0 km~15

24Surface Displacement by GIA of Japan (InSAR)
U-D Direction/ 20

E-W Direction
Westward displacement ofapprox. 2 m

Kaiso
Fishing Port

Uplift of approx. 4m

Wajima PortInSAR analysis has detected ~4m vertical and ~3m horizontal displacements in the north-west of the peninsula

25Port Facility Damage
Kaiso Fishing Port, Shika, Ishikawa/ 20

Wajima Port, Ishikawa• Uplift of approx. 4m resulted in the formation of a new marine terrace (AIST or Shishikura et al., 2020)• Some port facilities were rendered unusable by the uplift• Typical open cracks and uneven settlement were observed

3

Liquefaction (Niigata) – 1964 Niigata Earthquake
Overturned Kawagishi-cho Apartment due to the 1964 Niigata Earthquake

6/ 20

37Regional Map of Niigata/ 20Japan Sea
Sinano River
88 gal (NIG010)
Old back marshtaaig
Ninda
Sneu
Dtaaig
Ninda
Sneu
D179 gal (JMA-Misaki)

Old River Channel

38Cracks, Uplift and Sand Ejecta (Teradomari, Niigata)/ 20

Old back marsh•The middle to tail end ofNiigata dune slopes
showed many open cracks
or sand ejecta•

Thick pavement or smallchannels may block larger
slidingtaaig
NindaSneu
D

Old River Channel

39Sand Ejecta and Uneven Settlement (Tokimeki-Nishi, Yamada, Niigata)/ 20

Old back marshtaaig
NindaSneu
DOld River Channel

10Gentle Slope Failure and Liquefaction (Uchinada)/ 20Japan Sea

Uchinada
Sand Dune(~40m)

A
Nishi-araya
Kahokugata
Reclaimed Land

amag
ed
areaBSe
vered

3

AB

11

Gentle Slope Failure and Liquefaction (Uchinada)

3
A

P1

/ 20

P2
B

•

Tension cracks and vertical offset parallel to the dune axis in the closer area•

Road pavement was buckled or lifted up along Pref. Road No.8

P1

P2
Link to 3D model

3

Gentle Slope Failure and Liquefaction (Uchinada)

A two-stories house with cement mixing improvement has stood without apparent tilting while otherhouses inclined several degrees and had serious damage to the base ground

12/ 204Landslide

13/ 20© Kokusai KougyoMore than 2,000 landslides, which are mainly composed of pyroclastic (Abe etal., 2024), made access to remote areas difficult

414Landslide/ 20

East Exit of Ushitsu No.3 Tunnel

Link to 3D model© Google Street View

Steep slopes of weathered rock collapsed even with shotcrete

515Bridge Approach

Saida Bridge, Konan, Ishikawa/ 20

Torikawa Bridge, Suzu, Ishikawa

Copied from the report of Prof. Takahashi in Kyoto Univ.

• Bridge approaches with embankments offset vertically over tens of centimeters• Partially because of small bridges do not have approach slab
• Another reason to make access to remote areas difficult in the early restoration stage

6

Valley Fills (Road)• Small filled had slid or settled towards the valley side16/ 20

6Valley Fills (Land)

Copied from the report of Prof. Ishikawa in Tokyo Denki Univ.

• Filled valleys opened for school or residential houses slid downward• Weathered filled material or poor compaction may cause these failure• Another reason for these slidings could be ~40 mm/day precipitation the day before the EQ occurred

17/ 207Brief Summary• Damage to port facilities caused by tectonic uplift and strong seismic motion• Liquefaction-induced ground failure even up to 150km far away from the epicenter• Niigata: Tail end of sand dune and old river channel• Compared to the 1964 Niigata Earthquake, the liquefied area is minor.
• Uchinada: Tail end of a sand dune or filled slope• Landslide or filled valley failure blocking access to remote areas of the northern part of the peninsula• Subsidence or cracks at the embankment of bridge approaches

18/ 20