UTTAC-80, 2012UTTAC
ANNUAL REPORT 2010

TANDEM ACCELERATOR COMPLEX
Research Facility Center for Science and Technology
University of Tsukuba

http://www.tac.tsukuba.ac.jp/

UTTACANNUAL REPORT 2010
April 1, 2010 – March 31, 2011

UTTAC-80 2012

Executive Editor: Eiji Kita
Editors: Yoshihiro Yamato, Daiichiro Sekiba, Kimikazu Sasa, and Tetsuro Komatsubara

UTTAC is a series of issues, which include annual reports of
Tandem Accelerator Complex, Research Facility Center
for Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba.
The issues may also include irregular reports written by English.
Copyright © 2012 by Tandem Accelerator Complex, Research Facility Center
for Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba and individual contributors.
All reports are written on authors’ responsibility and thus the editors are not liable
for the contents of the report.

Tandem Accelerator Complex, Research Facility Center for Science and Technology,
University of Tsukuba
Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
http://www.tac.tsukuba.ac.jp/
annual@tac.tsukuba.ac.jp

PREFACE
This annual report covers researches carried out at University of Tsukuba Tandem
Accelerator Complex (UTTAC) during the fiscal year 2010 (1 April 2010 ∼ 31 March 2011).
The topics include not only accelerator-based researches using the 12UD Pelletron and 1 MV
Tandetron accelerators, but also closely related researches to UTTAC including Mössbauer
experiments.
On 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake struck east part of Japan with subsequenttsunami. The fierce quake of 9.0-magnitude and the tsunami wave of 10 m high killed more than
15,000 people in Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima prefectures. About 3500 people are still missing.
Nuclear plants in Fukushima were seriously damaged resulting to leak radioactive material. The
strong shock of the earthquake also hit our tandem accelerator at Tsukuba. However no casualty
in our laboratory, the tank of the 12 UD Pelletron accelerator was shaken and the structure ofterminal and column was collapsed completely. Three ion sources at the ninth floor were broken.
At this moment we are planning to build new accelerator in the 2nd experimental room and toconnect the beam line to facilities in the 1st experimental room. This report includes the damageof our experimental facilities.
10 January, 2012
Editors-i-CONTENTS

1. ACCELERATOR AND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES
1.1

Accelerator operation (2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1.2

Status of the Tsukuba AMS system (2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

2. NUCLEAR PHYSICS
2.1

Study of the structure of 30 S by in-beam gamma ray spectroscopy and the 29 P(p,γ)30 S
reaction rate in classical novae phase II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92.2

Study of nuclearsynthesis of 26 Al by gamma ray spectroscopy IV

2.3

Confirmation of Star anomaly and QFS anomaly in pd breakup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.4

Inelastic scattering of 30 MeV alpha particle from 12 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.5

Production of nuclear polarization for unstable nuclei via polarization transfer reaction . . 17

2.6

Developments of the time-of-flight detector for rare-RI ring in RIKEN RIBF . . . . . . . 19

2.7

Search of neutron halo in 9 Be excited states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3. MATERIALS AND CLUSTER SCIENCE
3.1

Mössbauer study on the antiferromagnetic FeO synthesized under high pressure . . . . . . 25

3.2

Study on the diffusion of nitrogen atoms in Fe submicron particles using Mössbauer
spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.3

Hydrogen mapping in Pd-Mg-Ti multi-layer by ambient NRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.4

Measurement of thin-film thicknesses grown on a Si substrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.5

Quantitative evaluation of nitrogen in perovskite oxynitride SrTaO3−y Ny thin films . . . . 33

3.6

Strong correlation between nucleation rate in N2 /H2 O/SO2 and consumption of SO2 underirradiation of 20 MeV protons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3.7

Rutherford backscattering of potassium intercalated graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4. ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
4.1

A preliminary measurement of cosmogenic 36 Cl in the Greenland NEEM ice core . . . . . 39

4.2

Groundwater ages in the volcanic aquifers of Mt. Fuji, central Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.3

AMS study of 36 Cl in meteorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

5. INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
5.1

Acceleration energy dependence of nanohole sizes formed by ion irradiation and following HF etching in thermally grown SiO2 films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.2

PIXE analyses of trace Ti in single fluid inclusions in quartz from Tsushima granite . . . . 47

6. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
6.1

Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

6.2

International conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

- iii -

7. THESES

57

8. SEMINARS

59

9. LIST OF PERSONEL

60- iv -

1.
ACCELERATOR AND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES1.1

Accelerator operation (2010)

K. Sasa, S. Ishii, H. Kimura, H. Oshima, Y. Tajima, T. Takahashi, Y. Yamato,
T. Komatsubara, D. Sekiba and E. Kita.
The University of Tsukuba, Tandem Accelerator Complex (UTTAC) has two accelerators, the 12UD
Pelletron tandem accelerator and the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator. The total service time of the UTTAC
multi-tandem accelerator facility was 125 days (3,000 hours) in the fiscal year 2010. 24.8 % (744 hours)of the total service time was used for industrial users, under the project "Promotion of Advanced R&D
Facility Utilization", which was supported financially by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology (MEXT) of JAPAN.
1.1.1

The 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator
The operating time and the experimental beam time of the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator were

2040.3 and 1603.1 hours, respectively, during the fiscal year 2010. Fig.1 shows the accelerator operation
hours per month. Fig.2 shows the beam time histogram with respect to the terminal voltage. Fig.3
represents the percentage of the operation hours for the three ion sources and ion species.

Accelerator operation hours

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

2010 May
Apr

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec 2011Jan Feb

Mar

Fig.1. Accelerator operation hours per month for the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator in 2010.

Fig.2. Beam time histogram as a function of the terminal voltage for the 12UD Pelletron
tandem accelerator in 2010.

1

The periodic maintenance of the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator was scheduled for the spring of
2010, but was postponed on July due to the breakdown of a SF6 gas-recovery unit. The maintenance in theaccelerator tank was performed during the summer period.
In 2010, a total of 65 research programs were carried out using the 12UD Pelletron tandem
accelerator. A total of 694 researchers used the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator. Fig.4 shows thepercentage of the experimental beam time for the running research fields with the 12UD Pelletron tandem
accelerator.

Fig.3. Percentage of the operation hours for the three ion sources and ion species in 2010.

Fig.4. Percentage of the experimental beam time for the running research fields in 2010.

2

1.1.2

The 1 MV Tandetron accelerator
The operating time and the experimental beam time of the 1MV Tandetron accelerator were 553.3

and 235 hours, respectively, during the total service time in 2010. A total of 37 research programs werecarried out and a total of 256 researchers used the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator. Fig. 5 shows thepercentage of accelerated ions for the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator. Fig. 6 shows the percentage of theexperimental beam time for the running research fields. The main applications in the use of the 1 MV
Tandetron accelerator are PIXE, RBS/ERDA, NRA and cluster physics.

Fig.5. Percentage of accelerated ions for the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator in 2010.

Education
1.1
NRA
17

Innovation
Accelerator
0.8
beam test
0.5
RBS・ERDA
19.3 %

Cluster
Physics
24.6

PIXE
36.7

Fig.6. Percentage of the experimental beam time for the running research fields
with the 1 MV Tandetron accelerator in 2010.

3

1.1.3 Damage Situation of the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator by the Great East Japan
Earthquake
By the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator
suffered serious damages. On the day, 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator was in operation at 8 MV for41

Ca trial measurements by AMS. The electricity supply went out during the earthquake. The blackout

lasted for 4 days, and we had to stop the electric power to our facility for 2 days in a row for hazard
avoidance. We could not access our facility for the first week because of many aftershocks. Fortunately,
there were no casualties by this earthquake in the facility. The 1 MV Tandetron accelerator did not haveany serious damage because of its T type hard structure and it has worked properly after the earthquake.
Fig. 7 shows a summarized damage situation at the UTTAC caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Disaster of the 12UD Pelletron accelerator
12UD Pelletron
tandem accelerator

9th floor

9th floor

AMS-IS

Inflection
Ion Source 120°-magnet magnet(25samples)
35Cl-FC

5 cm over

9th floor
Ion source room

EQ ES

ES
EQ

7th floor
Stripperfoil

Broken cranes (2 ton)at the 9th floor

Moved inflection magnet
at the 9th floor.

5th floor

Acceleratorroom

4th floor

41.6 m

Two ion sources wereseriously damaged

7th floor
ES : Electrostatic steerer
EQ : Electrostatic quadrupole(triplet)
QM: Quadrupole magnet(doublet)
ST : Magnetic steerer
SW : Switching magnet

4th floor
QM

SF6 SF6STST

1st target room
QM

SW

QM

Objectslit
Analyzer
magnet

2nd targer room
Image
slit

ST

E-ΔE
2nd stripper 8°-electrostatic TOF
foilchamber detector
deflector
chamber
45°-magnet
QM

QM SW

ST

ST

AMS-beam line

Moving supports ofthe main tank at 4th floor

46.5 mTwisted vacuum line

1st room

Dropped magnet

Fallen shelf

Broken piping joint bellow
after the analyzer magnet.

Crushed accelerating column
from the view at the 4th floor.

Fig. 7. A summarized damage of the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator.
Ion sources at the 9th floor
Two of three ion sources at the 9th floor were also seriously damaged by the earthquake. The anchor
bolts of the Wien filter for the polarized ion source were destroyed by the earthquake. Finally, the Wien
filter was moved one meter from the beam line by the earthquake and aftershocks (Fig. 8). Almost piping
bellows between connected heavy loads were broken by shaking. Ceramic columns of the AMS ion source
were also broken (Fig. 9). Water pressure gauges of the cooling water system were shaken and broken off
by its root on the plumbing. A water spurt came out the polarized ion source (Fig. 10). The inflection
magnet at the 9th floor was moved 5 cm on the mount by the earthquake as shown in Fig. 11.

4

Fig.8 Photo of the Wien filter moved from

Fig.9 Photo of the broken ceramic columns forthe beam line caused by the earthquake.

the AMS ion source.

5 cm
Cooling water was
leakedFig.11 Photo of the moved inflection magnet.

Fig.10 The flooded polarized ion source due tothe broken water pressure gauges of the coolingwater system.
Main accelerator

A main tank of the 12 UD Pelletron tandem accelerator located from downstairs 4th floor to 7th floor
was strongly shaken by the shock of the earthquake. Three shock prevention devices for the accelerator
tank at the 7th floor were pushed out with breaking anchor bolts of 1 inch in diameter as shown in Fig. 12.
Weight supports and jacks at the 4th floor were moved as nearly taken off as shown in Fig. 13. All highvoltage accelerating columns fell down in the accelerator tank (Fig. 14). Fig. 15 shows the downed
accelerating column in the tank at the bottom. Structures of terminal shell and columns inside the tankwere completely collapsed.

1m

35 tonjack
Abutments

100 tonjack-upFig.12 Photo of the moved shock prevention

Fig.13 Photo of the moved weight supports

devices at the 7th floor.

and jacks at the 4th floor.

5Fig.14 Lost columns inside of the tankFig.15 Photo of the fallen terminal shell andobserved from a manhole at 7th floor.

accelerator columns at the tank bottom.

At the 1st floor, a NMR experimental magnet was dropped with breaking a stepladder as shown in
Fig. 7. Several tool racks also fell down in the facility. Many magnets were moved and a number of joint
bellows were broken as shown in Fig. 16. A shielding door motor was broken by the shock of theearthquake at the analyzer magnet room (Fig. 17). Therefore, we could not access immediately in theanalyzer magnet room after the earthquake. Shielding concrete blocks at the analyzer magnet room came
down to the floor as shown in Fig. 18.

Fig.16 Broken joint bellows at

Fig.17 Broken shielding door

Fig.18 Fallen shielding concrete

the 1st floor.

motor at the analyzer magnet

blocks at the analyzer magnet

room.

room.

Earthquake disaster reconstruction project
We decided to shut down the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator in 2011. At present, the UTTAC
tries to install a new middle-sized tandem accelerator instead of the broken 12UD Pelletron tandem
accelerator since it is difficult to repair the previous one due to some boundaries in the building
construction. We have a plan to install the new accelerator system at the 2nd target room connecting thebeam line to the present experimental facilities at the 1st target room. The construction of the newaccelerator system is scheduled in the spring of 2014.

6

1.2

Status of the Tsukuba AMS system (2010)

K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, K. Sueki, N. Kinoshita, T. Amano, J. Kitagawa, K. Kurosumi, M. Matsumura, S.
Abe, T. Nishimura, Ying-Shee Wong, Y. Matsushi1, Y. Tosaki2, K. Bessho3, H. Matsumura3
A multi-nuclide AMS system on the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator at the University of Tsukuba(Tsukuba AMS system) can measure environmental levels of long-lived radioisotopes of 14C, 26Al, 36Cl
and 129I by employing a molecular pilot beam[1]. The high terminal voltage has an advantage in thedetection of heavy radioisotopes. The Tsukuba AMS research group has focused its activities on 36Cl
measurements. In 2010, a total of 242 samples for 36Cl were measured by the Tsukuba AMS system, andtotal operation time was 43 days. Currently, a total of 8 research projects for earth and environmental
sciences have been conducting by the Tsukuba AMS system. Table 1 shows current research programs andthe number of samples in 2010. We have measured cosmogenic 36Cl in the Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica
and the NEEM ice core, Greenland. They are expected to provide bipolar information for the
paleo-environmental reconstruction. We also investigate attenuation of muons and production rates oflong-lived isotopes relevant to underground environment. We have performed the environmental
monitoring for nuclear facilities to detect long-lived radioisotopes by AMS.
A first international 36Cl interlaboratory comparison has been initiated. Evaluation of the final resultsof the eight participating AMS laboratories on three synthetic AgCl samples shows no difference in thesense of simple statistical significance [2].
Table 1 Research programs and the number of samples by the Tsukuba AMS system in 2010.
AMS research programs

Target material

Organization

NumberIce core

Univ. of Tsukuba

73

Soil

Univ. of Tsukuba

58

Hydrological samples(ground water, rain water)

AIST

70

Limestone

Kyoto Univ.
Univ. of Tsukuba

21

36

Cl-AMSCl in the ice cores.
Measurement of 36Cl in soil.
Environmental monitoring for nuclear
facilities by AMS.
Bomb-produced 36Cl as a tracer ingroundwater.
In-situ 36Cl for denudation rates of karst
landform.
36
Cl exposure dating for Tiankeng.
Production rates of 36Cl for target
elements in chondritic meteorites.
36
Cl produced in muon irradiation.
36

36
41

Meteorite
NaCl, CaCO3

Cl in natural magnetite.

Magnetite

Ca-AMS
Ca-AMS development.

CaF2

41

Tokyo Metro.
Univ.
Univ. of Tsukuba
Univ. of Tsukuba
KEK
Univ. of Tsukuba

1

14
2
4
20

Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
3
Radiation Science Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
2

7

41

Ca AMS
41

Ca-AMS has been developed by modifying the current AMS system at the UTTAC. We have

performed trial measurements at 8 MV to accelerate 41CaF3- with a pilot beam of 66ZnO2-. We use CaF2
mixed with ZnO and Ag as a target material. Fig. 1 shows a schematic layout of 41Ca AMS. 41Ca5+ ion with
43.35 MeV is measured by a gas ΔE – SSD E detector. Fig. 2 shows an estimation of the energy loss in thedetector. We expect that 41Ca can be separated clearly from isobaric interference of 41K by this AMS
techniques.

ΔE1

ΔE2

SSD

53mm53mm

112mm

Fig.1 Schematic layout of 41Ca AMS at

Fig. 2 Estimation of the energy loss in the gas ΔE

UTTAC.

– SSD E detector.

Acknolagements
This work is supported in part by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Programs of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (Grants-in-Aid No. 21310004, 22241003 and23656586) and Pre-Strategic Initiatives (Research Base-Building), the University of Tsukuba.
References[1] K. Sasa et al., , Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 268 (2010) 1193-1196.
[2] S Merchel et al., Ultra-trace analysis of 36Cl by accelerator mass spectrometry: an interlaboratory study,
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 400 (2011) 3125-3132.

8

2.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS

2.1

Study of the structure of 30 S by in-beam gamma ray spectroscopy
and the 29 P(p,γ)30 S reaction rate in classical novae phase II

K. Setoodehnia∗ , A. A. Chen∗ , T. Komatsubara‡ , Y. Abe‡ , J. Chen∗ , S. Cherubini†,] , S. Fukuoka‡ , Y.
Ishibashi‡ , Y. Ito‡ , S. Kubono% , D. Kahl% , T. Moriguchi‡ , K. Okumura‡ , H. Ooishi‡ , A. Ozawa‡ , S.
Nakamura‡ , D. Nagae‡ , R. Nishikiori‡ , T. Niwa‡ , H. Suzuki‡ , K. Yokoyama‡ , T. Yuasa‡∗ Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada‡ Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan% Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo, Wako Branch at RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,

Saitama, 351-0198, Japan† Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy] Laboratori Nazionali del Sud-INFN, Catania, Italy

The thermonuclear 29 P(p, γ)30 S reaction rate is strongly dependent on the nuclear structure of 30 S
states, and is important in two astrophysical scenarios, namely, classical novae and type I x-ray bursts.
Both these astrophysical phenomena are very energetic stellar explosions powered by thermonuclear runaway as a result of explosive hydrogen burning on the surface of the compact object in close semi-detachedbinary systems, that consist of a white dwarf (in the case of classical novae) or a neutron star (in the caseof x-ray bursts) and a low-mass companion star.
The 29 P(p, γ)30 S reaction rate at temperatures characteristics of explosive hydrogen burning in classical novae and x-ray bursts (0.1 – 1.5 GK) had been previously predicted [1] to be dominated by two
low-lying, unobserved, levels in 30 S in the Ex = 4.7 – 4.8 MeV region, with spin and parity assignments of+
3+
1 and 23 , respectively. In recent experimental work, two candidate levels were observed with energiesof 4699(6) keV and 4814(3) keV, but no definitive experimental information on their spins and parities
was obtained [2].
In 2009, an in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy study of 30 S with the 28 Si(3 He, nγ)30 S reaction was performed
at UTTAC in order to construct the decay schemes of proton-unbound states in 30 S with a γ-γ coincidence
analysis of their decay γ-rays [3].
Among the 30 S levels observed in that experiment, three were above the proton threshold, including
two levels at 4810.4(6) keV and 4688.0(4) keV [4], which correspond to the two astrophysically importantstates predicted by Iliadis et al. [1]. The reconstructed energies for these two levels are in agreement withthe results of an earlier particle transfer measurement [2]. One γ-ray was also observed at 845.5(2) keV,
the origin of which is still under investigation.
In order to infer or constrain the spin-parity assignments of these two states, phase II of the in-beam
γ-ray spectroscopy measurement was performed at UTTAC during September 2010. A 9 MeV 3 He beam
impinged on a natural Si target of 25 µm thickness. In order to measure the Directional Correlation ofOriented (DCO) nuclei ratios of the relevant transitions, γ-γ coincidence measurements were performed
with two high purity Ge-detectors with relative efficiencies of 70% and 50%, placed at 135◦ and 90◦ withrespect to the beam axis, respectively.

9The relative intensities and decay branches of all the observed transitions at 90◦ and 135◦ were obtained. In particular, the decay branches of the two astrophysically important states at 90◦ were comparedto the known branches of the potential mirror state candidates in 30 Si, also measured at 90◦ [5]. The
branching ratios of the respective γ-transitions of these two states were in agreement with those of the 30 Si
mirror levels [5]. This experimental evidence strongly suggested that the spin-parity assignments for these
two states have been correctly assumed in the previous measurement [2].
In addition, the DCO ratios were obtained only for the strongly populated γ-rays of 30 S. The DCO
γ

γ

γ

γ

ratios are defined as R = Iθ21 (Gate Iθ12 )/Iθ22 (Gate Iθ11 ), where θ1 = 135◦ and θ2 = 90◦ , and the gated tran-+
sition was γ1 : 2+
1 → 01 transition. The decay branches of the 4810.4(6) keV state to the first and second

excited states in 30 S were observed at 90◦ ; however, these branches were very weak at 135◦ . Therefore,
no DCO ratios for these transitions could be determined, and thus the spin-parity of this state remains++
tentatively assigned as (2+3 ). The proposed 31 state decays to the 21 state emitting a γ-ray with an energyof 2477.1(2) keV. An experimental DCO ratio of 0.37 ± 0.04 was determined for this transition. The theoretical DCO ratio for this transition is determined to be 0.5 under the assumption that it is a pure dipole.
The discrepancy between the experimental and the theoretical DCO ratio for this transition, indicates that
it is a mixed M1, E2 transition. The mixing ratio could not be determined for this transition.
Angular distributions of the lowest lying γ-rays of 30 S were also measured with the 70% efficiency
detector located at 135◦ , 120◦ , 110◦ , 100◦ and 90◦ , while the 50% efficiency detector was fixed at 90◦ .
+The γ-ray corresponding to the 2+
1 → 01 transition is a pure E2 transition, as expected. An experimental

A2
A4= 0.40 ± 0.20 and A= -0.009 ± 0.180 were determined for thisvalue of σ /J = 0.55, as well as A00+
γ-ray transition. On the other hand, the γ-ray corresponding to the 2+
2 → 21 transition is a mixed M1, E2

A4
A2= 0.38 ± 0.25 and A= -0.14 ± 0.22, a value of σ /J = 0.4, andtransition, for which an experimental A00

a mixing ratio of δ = 0.16 ± 0.04 were determined. The γ-rays from higher-lying states do not appear in
the singles spectrum, and thus their angular distributions could not be determined.

References[1] C. Iliadis, J. M. D’Auria, S. Starrfield, W. J. Thompson and M. Wiescher, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
134 151 (2001).
[2] K. Setoodehnia, A. A. Chen, J. Chen, J. A. Clark, C. M. Deibel et al., Phys. Rev. C 82 022801(R)(2010).
[3] K. Setoodehnia, A. A. Chen, T. Komatsubara, Y. Sugiyama, A. Ozawa et al., UTTAC Annual Report
2009, UTTAC-79 p. 9 (2010).
[4] K. Setoodehnia, A. A. Chen, T. Komatsubara, S. Kubono et al., Phys. Rev. C 83 018803 (2011).
[5] D. E. Alburger and D. R. Goosman, Phys. Rev. C 9 2236 (1974).

10

2.2

Study of nuclearsynthesis of 26Al by gamma ray spectroscopy IV

T. Komatsubara, T. Yuasa, T. Hayakawa*, S. Kubono#* JAEA#

CNS, Tokyo University
Since observation of 1.809-MeV gamma rays by satellite gamma ray telescope has been reported[1], theastrophysical study of 26Al is very important for nuclear synthesis. Observed mass ratio between 26Al and60

Fe of 0.11±0.03 by INTEGRAL[2] is rather small than the calculated ratio[3].

The nucleus 26Al can be created by 24Mg(p,γ)25Al(β+,ν)25Mg(p,γ)26Al reaction. The ground state of 26Al,
which is 5+ and 0.72 m year of half life, feeds 2+ of 26Mg emitting the gamma ray of 1.809-MeV. However
there is a bypass reaction sequence of 24Mg(p, γ)25Al(p,γ)26Si(β+,ν)26mAl(β+,ν)26Mg reaction which feed theground state of 26Mg directly without 1.809-MeV gamma ray emission. In order to reproduce stellar
abundance of the 26Al the investigation of the excited states of 26Si is important for the evaluation of the
bypass reaction rate. There several studies for the excited states above proton threshold by using reaction
mechanism[4-7] and gamma ray spectroscopy[8]. In our previous studies, one new level is found at
5886-keV in the 26Si[9]. We assigned spin of the state as 0+ by gamma-ray angular correlation
measurements[10].
Through the angular correlation measurement there are uncertainties about spin alignments of the initialstates emitting gamma rays. In order to estimate the alignments of nuclear orientation a gamma ray
angular distribution measurement was carried out at UTTAC. The excited states of 26Si were populated by
the nuclear reaction 24Mg(3He, n)26Si. The 3He beam of 10 MeV was irradiated on a natural Mg target.
Target thickness of the Mg foil is 3 mg/cm2. Gamma ray single spectrum was measured at the angle of 90°,
100°, 110°, 120°, 130° and 140° by using Ge detector of 70% efficiency at 1333-keV. The yields of the
gamma rays were normalized by the yield of 21+  0+ transition of 26Si measured by another monitor
detector of 50% efficiency located at 90°.
In Fig. 1 the measured angular distribution of the 21+  0+ transition of 26Si is shown as W(θ)/W0 where
the normalization factor W0 is deduced by assuming distribution of W(θ)=W0(1+A2P2cos(θ)+A4P4cos(θ)).
The observed distribution is very disturbed from stretched E2 transition having A2=0.71 and A4=-1.71. In
the Fig 1 expected distributions are shown by a solid line for σ/J = 0.5 and by a dashed line for σ/J =1. In
Fig 2, the distribution of 22+  21+ is shown with the estimated distributions of solid and dashed lines with
σ/J = 0.5 and 1, respectively. Mixing ration of <||E2||>/<||M1||> are taken to be 0.21 from reference[11].
Both observed gamma ray distributions are strongly depressed as the σ/J factor should be 1 or larger. The
reason of the distortion could arise by emission of neutrons and gamma rays, and unexpected strong
perturbations. The large distribution parameters of the initial alignment σ/J being 1 or larger are consistentto our previous analysis of DCO ratios.

11References[1] R. Diehl, H. Halloin, K. Kretschmer, G.G. Lichti, V. Schönfelder, A.W. Strong, A. Kienlin, W. Wang, P.
Jean, J. Knödlseder, J.P. Roques, G. Weidenspointner, S. Schanne, D.H. Hartmann, C. Winkler, C.
Wunderer, Nature 439 (2006) 45.
[2] M.J. Harris, et al., Astron Astrophys 433 (2005) L49[3] S.E. Woosley, A. Heger, Physics Report 442 (2007) 269[4] D.W. Bardayan, J.C. Blackmon, A.E. Champagne, A.K. Dummer, T. Davinson, U. Greife, D. Hill, C.
Iliadis, B.A. Johnson, R.L. Kozub, C.S. Lee, M.S. Smith, P.J. Woods, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 032801(R).
[5] J.A. Caggiano, W.B. Smith, R. Lewis, P.D. Parker, D.W. Visser, J.P. Greene, K.E. Rehm, D.W.
Bardayan, A.E. Champagne, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 055801.
[6] Y. Parpottas, S. M. Grimes, S. Al-Quraishi, C.R. Brune, T.N. Massey, J.E. Oldendick, A. Salas, T.
Wheeler, Phys. Rev. C 70 (2004) 065805.
[7] P.N. Replowski, L.T. Baby, I. Wiedenhöver, S.E. Dekat, E. Diffenderfer, D.L. Gay, O. Grubor-Urosevic,
P. Höflich, R.A. Kaye, N. Keeley, A. Rojas, A. Volya, Phys. Rev. C 79 (2009) 032801(R).
[8] D. Seweryniak, P.J. Woods, M.P. Carpenter, T. Davinson, R.V.F. Janssens, D.G. Jenkins, T. Lauritsen,
C.J. Lister, J. Shergur, S. Sinha, A. Woehr, Phys. Rev. C 75 (2007) 062801(R).
[9] T. Komatsubara, K. Ebisu, T. Kawamata, A. Ozawa, K. Hara, T. Moriguchi, Y. Hashizume, T. Shizuma,
T. Hayakawa, S. Kubono, UTTAC Annual Report 2007, UTTAC-77 (2008) pp. 15-16.
[10] T. Komatsubara, A. Ozawa, K. Hara, T. Moriguchi, Y. Ito, H. Satake, H. Ooishi, Y. Ishibashi, T.
Shizuma, T. Hayakawa, S. Kubono, S. Hayakawa, D.N. Binh, A. Chen, J. Chen, UTTAC Annual Report
2008, UTTAC-78 (2009) pp. 13-14[11] C. Rolfs and W. Trost, Nucl. Phys. A 122 (1968) 633

Fig. 1 Angular distribution of 1797

Fig. 2 Angluar distribution of 989 keV

keV gamma ray.

gamma ray.

12

2.3

Confirmation of Star anomaly and QFS anomaly in pd breakup

K. Sagara1, S. Kuroita1, T. Yabe1, K. Ishibashi1, T. Tamura1, M. Okamoto1, Y. Maeda2,
Y. Tagishi, T. Komatsubara, A. Ozawa, Y. Ishibashi, Y. Ito, H. Ooishi, K. Yokoyama, Y. Abe,S. Fukuoka, S. Nakamura, K. Okumura, S. Ito, R. Nishikiori, T. Niwa, and T. Yuasa
In three nucleon breakup reactions, there is a curious phenomenon of Star anomaly whose origin
has not known for over 20 years. When outgoing three nucleons form an equilateral triangle, theconfiguration is called as Star. We define an angle α between the triangle and the beam axis asshown in Fig. 1. The configuration at α = 90ºis called as Space Star. At Space Star, measured crosssection is about 25% higher than calculation in nd breakup at En = 13 MeV [1,2], and about 15% lower
than calculation in pd breakup at Ep = 13 MeV [3,4].

Fig. 1.

Definition of the inclination angleαof Star in the c.m. system.

Systematic measurements of α-dependence of Star anomaly have been made by Kyushu group at
E/A = 13 MeV and 9.5 MeV, and by Koeln group at E/A = 9.5 MeV (Ed =19 MeV). Kyushu data
indicate that Star anomaly appears only around α = 90º. Koeln group reported enormous Star
anomaly of 25% at α = 124º- 156º[5]. Whether Star anomaly occurs only around α = 90ºor in awide α range is a big problem to investigate the origin of Star anomaly.
We therefore made a confirming experiment of Koeln data at the same energy and at the sameangular range at UTTAC. A 19 MeV unpolarized d-beam was incident on a rotating CD2 foil target,
and two protons from d+p → p+p+n reaction were detected in coincidence. Simultaneous
measurements at α = 120º, 140º, 160ºand 180ºwere made using eight Si detectors. Apertures infront of the detectors were made in a fine machinery factory. A monitor detector was used tomeasure p+d scattering, and absolute value of pd breakup cross section was determined using precise
cross section of pd scattering measured at Kyushu [6].

Fig. 2. Measured H(d,p1p2)n cross section at Ed = 19 MeV.
1
2

Curves are pd calculation by A. Deltuva [7].

Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
Department of Applied Physics, Miyazaki University, Konohanadai-Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan13

Typical results are shown in Fig. 2. The present data at α = 120º- 180ºagree with calculation,
contrary to Koeln data at α = 124º- 156ºwhich are 25% lower than calculation. Koeln group used apolarized d-beam to measure Ay and Ayy together with cross section. We used an unpolarized d-beam
to measure the present cross section. We have measured Star cross section at Kyushu University,
RCNP and UTTAC in the same method,
In Fig. 3 α-dependence of Star anomaly at E/A = 9.5 MeV and 13 MeV is shown. Our data
including the present ones indicate that Star anomaly occur only around α = 90ºat both E/A = 9.5
MeV and 13 MeV, and the α-dependence varies gradually with the incident energy.

Fig. 3. α-dependence of pd Star cross section at E/A = 9.5 MeV and 13 MeV.

Fig. 4. (Left) Cross section around pd QFS at Ep=19 MeV. (Right) Energy dependence of pd QFS anomaly.

We also measured cross section of pd QFS (Quasi Free Scattering) using at Ep = 19 MeV. An
unpolarized 19 MeV p-beam was incident on a rotating CH2 target foil. Measured cross section
agrees with pd calculation as seen in Fig. 4, contrary again to Koeln data [8]. Energy dependence of
QFS anomaly in Fig. 4 suggests that there is no QFS anomaly in pd breakup.
References[1] J. Strate et al., Nucl. Phys. A501 (1989) 51[2] H. R. Setze et al., Phys. Lett. B388 (1996) 229[3] H. Rauprich et al., Nucl. Phys. A535 (1991) 313[4] T. Ishida et al., Mod. Phys. Lett. A18 (2003) 436[5] J. Ley et al., Phys. Rev. C73 (2006) 064001[6] K. Sagara et al., Phys. Rev. C50 (1994) 576[8] H. Patberg et al., Phys. Rev. C53 (1996) 1497
[7] A. Deltuva et al., Phys. Rev. C72 (2005) 054004; A. Deltuva, private communication

14

Inelastic scattering of 30 MeV alpha particle from 12 C

2.4

R.Nishikiori, H.Suzuki, A.Ozawa, D.Nagae, T.Moriguchi, Y.Ishibashi, H.Ooishi, K.Yokoyama, Y.Abe,
K.Okumura, S.Fukuoka, S.Ito, T.Niwa, S.Kubono1 , and A.A.Ogloblin2
Hoyle state, which is an excited state of 12 C, was predicted with cosmic nucleosynthesis. This statehas 3 α-cluster structures. It deeply deals with the production of 12 C from 3 αs in stars. The energy of
Hoyle state is 7.65 MeV, and its spin-parity is 0+ [1]. It is considered that the cluster structure makes theradius of Hoyle state larger than that of the ground state. In our study, the difference between the radii of
Hoyle and the ground state was deduced from diffraction radii of them with α scatterings.
At small scattering angles, the differential cross sections of direct reactions at high energies (>10
MeV/u) obey Frauenhofer diffraction. This diffraction depends on the radii of the targets. Measuring
the angular distributions of elastic and inelastic scattering of 12 C may be a good method to determine theradius of Hoyle state and the ground state.
Before the experiment, we improved the single wire position sensitive proportional counter (SWPC),
which is installed in the spectrometer of E-course. The schematic view of SWPC is shown in Fig. 1. The
hit position of charged particles is deduced from charges at both ends of the wire which have resistance ofabout 6 kΩ/m. To improve the detection length and sensitivity, we changed the followings:• The length of the wire was changed from 300 mm to 450 mm to enable to measure Hoyle state andthe ground state at one measurement.
• Thickness of the wire was changed from 10 µm to 17 µm to stretch tightly.
• New insulation resistances were made to enable the counter to held against high voltage up to 1.9
kV.
The experiment was performed at E-course of UTTAC by using EPS90 spectrograph. The experimental setups are shown in Fig. 2. The beam was 30-MeV α particles, and its intensity was 5 nA. The
thickness of the 12 C target was 100 µm/cm2 . The counter gas was Ar (70%)+CH4 (30%). The high voltage of 1.6 kV was applied to the counter. In this condition, Hoyle state and the ground state are easily
separated.
The results of the differential cross sections are shown in Fig. 3. Diffraction radii Rdif of the lightheavy ions are obtained from minima and maxima of angular distribution of differential cross sectionsof elastic and inelastic scatterings. Although Rdif is not the root-mean-square (rms) radius itself, thedifference between Rdif of two states are the same as that of rms radii [2].
The diffraction radii of the first two minima and maxima of each state are summarized in Table 1.
From this experiment, we obtained diffraction radius of the ground state as 5.6±0.3 fm, and that of Hoyle
state as 4.8±0.3 fm. The rms radius of Hoyle state has been measured to be smaller than that of the groundstate of 12 C by 0.8±0.4 fm, which is not consistent with a simple speculation. Possible reason of the result
is due to the low primary beam energy. For 12 C, at least 10 MeV/A should be needed. Measurement at
higher beam energy is required for future experiments.
1 CNS, Tokyo University
2 Kurchatov Institute15

Slit : x=10- mm widthy=5- mm width~27 cm a"er the target
Target : 12C (100 ug/cm2)
Beam : 4He2+ 30 MeV ~5 nA
θlab

Macor

17μmΦ
Ni-Cr wire

SWPC
(Posi on Sensi ve
Detector)
Angle of dipole magnet θlab : 0~70㼐㼑㼓㻚

Duralumin

Fig. 1. Schematic view of SWPC.

Fig. 2. Experimental setup.

1000
100
dσ/dΩ [a.u.]

DipoleMagnet+g.s. 0
Hoyle State 0 7.65 MeV
+

10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
1e-04
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
θc.m. [°]

Fig. 3. Differential cross section of scattering of α particles from 12 C at 30 MeV. θc.m. is the scattering
angle in the center of mass system.

Table 1. diffraction radii obtained from θc.m.

g.s.

Hoyle

θc.m. [◦ ]21.3±1.0
27.9±1.142.9±1.652.4±1.6
15.5±1.1
24.6±1.736.4±1.0
48.7±1.7

Rdif [fm]5.8±0.3
6.1±0.2
5.3±0.2
5.3±0.2
4.4±0.3
4.9±0.3
5.1±0.1
5.1±0.2

hRdif i[fm]5.6±0.3

4.8±0.3

References[1] Richard B. Firestone, Table of Isotopes Eighth Edition Vol.1, (1996)[2] A. N. Danilov, T. L. Belyaeva, A. S. Demyanova, S. A. Goncharov, A. A. Ogloblin, Phys. Rev. Lett.,
C80, 054603 (2009)

16

2.5

Production of nuclear polarization for unstable nuclei via polarizationtransfer reaction

Y. Ishibashi, A. Ozawa, D. Nagae, Y. Abe, S. Ito, H. Suzuki, T. Moriguchi, H. Ooishi, K. Yokoyama,
K. Okumura, S. Nakamura, S. Fukuoka, R. Nishikiori, T. Niwa, Y. Tagishi, T. Nagatomo1 and K. Matsuta2
The nuclear moment is one of the most important observables of the nuclear structure. For example, thenuclear magnetic dipole moment (μ) provides us with information on the configuration mixing in the shellstructure. For the measurements of the μ of unstable nuclei, β-ray-detected nuclear magnetic resonancemethod (β-NMR) is effective. In the β-NMR method, unstable nuclei must be spin-polarized. In this work,
the nuclear polarization (P) for 20F, 41Sc, 24mAl, 29P and 40Sc isotopes, which were produced by the nuclear
polarization transfer reactions, were measured. First, since P of 20F has been measured at UTTAC [1]previously, we measured P of 20F as system check of our system. Second, since μ of 41Sc has beenmeasured using a CaO stopper [2], the measurement of P of 41Sc was performed, to check whether thepolarization can maintain inside the CaO pellet produced from CaO powder. Third, spin polarized 24mAl
has been produced by using polarized proton beam, to check whether spin polarized isotope can produceby polarized proton beam. Fourth, the μ of 29P has been measured using polarized deuteron beam [3]. We
measured P of 29P using polarized proton beam to compare P by the different incident beams.
The experiment was performed at F-course of the first experimental room in UTTAC. The polarized
proton/deuteron beams were produced by a Lamb-shift type polarized ion source, and accelerated by a
12UD pelletron accelerator. The polarized beams were transported to the beam line of the F-course andwere irradiated to the targets (stopper) to produce the spin polarized radioactive nucleus. The detectors
located up and down of the stopper counted the number of β-rays emitted from the produced nucleus.
From the obtained NMR effects, the degrees of nuclear polarization were deduced.
Table 1. The degree of polarization for 5 isotopes which magnetic moment of already known.

+8

1
2

International Christian University
Osaka University

17-6

Table 1 shows experimental results of degree of nuclear polarization (APexp) for 5 isotopes in whichmagnetic moments are already known. Here, the experimental APexp can be corrected to deduce the realpolarization degree. We corrected by 1) asymmetry parameter of β-rays (A), 2) polarization degree of theincident beam (εbeam), 3) purity of β-rays (εpurity), and 4) finite solid angle of detectors (εΩ). The results ofcorrected degree of polarization are shown by Ppresent in Table 1.
From comparison of the obtained Ppresent and Preference for 20F, we found that our system worked property.
And from comparison of the obtained Ppresent and Preference for 41Sc, we confirmed polarization of 41Sc
maintained inside present CaO pellet. Moreover, from Ppresent of 24mAl and 29P, we confirmed to produce
spin polarized nucleus via polarization transfer reaction using proton beam. From the results of 29P, themeasured polarization Ppresent using the polarized deuteron beam was found to be larger than that using thepolarized proton beam.
In the present measurements, we also searched μ for 40Sc. Fig.1 shows measured NMR spectrum of 40Sc.
Red (Blue) points are data measured by static magnetic field H0 = 0.37 T (0.30 T) respectively. From theresults, μ of 40Sc has not been clearly determined. We will continue the measurements in future
experiments.

Fig.1 NMR spectrum of 40Sc
References[1] K. Matsuta et al., UTTAC ANNUAL REPORT 2004(2005)14[2] T. Minamisono et al., Nucl. Phys. A516(1990)365[3] Y. Abe et al., UTTAC ANNUAL REPORT 2009(2010)13

18

2.6

Development of the time-of-flight detector for rare-RI ring in RIKEN
RIBF

Y. Abe, D. Nagae, A. Ozawa, T. Moriguchi, H. Suzuki, Y. Ishibashi, S. Ito, Y. Ito, H. Ooishi, K. Okumura,
S. Fukuoka, S. Nakamura, R. Nishikiori, T. Niwa, K. Yokoyama
A construction of the isochronous storage ring for precision mass measurements of rare-RI has beenplanned at RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) [1]. In this plan, RIs produced by projectile fragmentation
and/or uranium fission, which will be identified by using the BigRIPS fragment separator [2], will be
injected into the storage ring (rare-RI ring) individually. The revolution times of the RIs will be measured
by using a time-of-flight method (TOF) to evaluate. masses of the RIs. Details for the principle of themass measurement are described elsewhere [3].
In order to determine the value of mass with a precision of 10-6, requirements for the TOF detector inrare-RI ring are follows; i) good time resolution less than 100 ps, ii) small energy loss, iii) unchanging of
the charge state by passing through a detector, iv) a large acceptance aperture because of the large beam
size in the rare-RI ring. In order to satisfy these requirements, a TOF detector using a micro channel plate(MCP) has been developed (named by MCP-TOF). Time pick-off system of our MCP-TOF is following.
A beam generates secondary electrons in passing through a thin carbon foil. These electrons aretransported to a MCP by electric and magnetic fields. A schematic view of the MCP-TOF is shown in Fig.
1. The size and thickness of carbon foil is 100 × 50 mm2 and 60 μg/cm2. In order to create a uniformed
electric field, eleven electrodes installed in the MCP-TOF are connected using 2.2 MΩ resisters at 6.0 mm
intervals. To make a magnetic field, two coils (100 turn) are placed both side of the MCP-TOF. To
achieve an isochronous condition, an electric (E) and a magnetic (B) fields, and a horizontal displacementof the secondary electrons (D) are satisfied a relation [4]

D=

2πm E
,
q B2

where m and q denotes a mass and a charge of electron, respectively. In the case of the present MCP-TOF,
the horizontal displacement is chosen as D = 140 mm, thus the electric and the magnetic field are
calculated to be E = 17143 V/m and B = 20.9 G.

Fig.1. Schematic view of our MCP-TOF

19

An experiment to evaluate a time resolution of
the MCP-TOF (σt) was performed at the F-course
beam line in UTTAC. The experimental setup is
shown in Fig. 2. Proton beam (18 MeV) wastransported to the MCP-TOF located downstreamof the Q-D-Q magnets. To generate a start signalof TOF, a plastic scintillator was located just
upstream of the MCP-TOF which produced a stop
signal of TOF. The beam rate at the plastic
Fig.2. Schematic view of F-course beam line

scintillator was adjusted about 2.0 × 103 cps by
scattering with a gold foil located at the scatteringchamber. We measured a TOF between the plastic
scntillator and the MCP detector. In thisexperiment, E and B set to about E = 17143 V/mand B = 19.4 G. A typical TOF spectrum is shownin Fig. 3. The time resolution is obtained to be σt =0.91 ± 0.01 ns by fitting the TOF spectra with aGaussian function. The obtained time resolution is
included time dispersion component due to anenergy straggling of proton beam. To determine
an intrinsic time resolution of the MCP-TOF, an

Fig.3. TOF spectrum with a Gaussian fitting

estimation of the time dispersion is in progresswith SRIM code [5].

In summary, the time resolution of MCP-TOF is deduced to be σt = 0.91 ± 0.01 ns by using a 18 MeV
proton beam. To obtained good time resolution less than 100 ps, we are going to simulate this system with
GEANT4 [6].

References[1] Y. Yano, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 261 (2007) 1009.
[2] T. Kubo, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 204 (2003) 97.
[3] Y. Yamaguchi, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 266 (2008) 4575.
[4 ] J. D. Bowman, R. H. Heffner, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 148 (1978) 503.
[5] J. F. Ziegler, Nucl. Instr. And Meth. B 219-220 (2004) 1027.
[6] S. Agostinelli, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 506 (2003) 250.

20

Search of neutron halo in 9Be excited states

2.7

A.S. Demyanova1, A.N.Danilov1, S.V.Dmitriev1, A.A.Ogloblin1, S.A.Goncharov2, N.Burtebaev3,
J.Burtebaeva3, N.Saduev3, T.L.Belyaeva4, H.Suzuki5, R.Nishikiori5, A.Ozawa5, D.Nagae5, T.Moriguchi5,
Y.Ishibashi5, H.Ooishi5, K.Yokoyama5, Y.Abe5, K.Okumura5, S.Fukuoka5, S.Ito5, T.Niwa5, T.Komatsubara5,
S.Kubono6
1

Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia

2

Scobeltzin Institute of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

3

Institute of NuclearPhysics, Almati, Kazakhstan

4

Mexico University, Mexico, Mexico

5

Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Japan

6

Center of Nuclear Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
It was shown in Ref. [1] that the first excited state 1/2+, 1.68 MeV of 9Be located at ~ 15 keV above aneutron emission threshold and occupying the s-state might have abnormally large radius typical toneutron halos. This conclusion was drawn from the analysis of the 9Be + α inelastic diffraction scattering
at 35.5 MeV [2]. In order to get independent confirmation of this result and to look for the effect in theother excited states of 9Be we studied 9Be + α scattering at University of Tsukuba tandem accelerator at
E(α) = 30 MeV. The diffraction radii Rdif of the 9Be states were extracted from the measured positions of
the minima and maxima of the relevant
angular distributions. The “real” (say,rms) radii R* of the 9Be excited states
can be obtained [3] from the relation
R* = R0 + [Rdif* - Rdif(0)],where R0 denotes the rms radius of theground state.
Energy spectra were measured by theEnge type magnetic spectrograph. Theinterval of the 9Be excitation energies
reached ~ 12 MeV. The angular
distributions were measured up to ~140o. The analysis of all the data is not
yet completed, and this report contains
preliminary results some of which
could be changed in future.

Fig.1. Energy spectrum at 15.5o. Red and blue lines above

A typical spectrum is shown in Fig.1.

the background denote the results of the decomposition of

Be has developed α + α + n cluster

the bump at ~ 6.5 MeV into two groups corresponding to thestructure. Two rotational bands arestates at E* = 6.38 and 6.76 MeV

9known:-

3/2 (0.00)–-

5/2 (2.43)–

21

7/2-(6.38) and 1/2+(1.68) – 5/2+(3.05) – 3/2+(4.70) – 9/2+(6.76). All these states are seen. Both highest
members of the π- and σ- bands form the broad unresolved bump at ~6.5 MeV. The background was
calculated as the sum of two 3-body phase volumes near the 8Be + n and 5He + 4He thresholds andextrapolated by a polynomial of the 2nd order to the higher excitation energy region.
The differential cross-sections of the elastic and inelastic (with the excitation of 1.68 MeV state) are
shown in Fig.2. The transition to the 1/2+ state is characterized by a single angular momentum transfer L =1, and the positions of the angular distribution extremes should be in phase with those of the elastic
scattering. A clear shift of the inelastic data to the forward angles is seen, and this is an indication of theinelastic diffraction radius enhancement. The extracted values of the diffraction radii are presented inTable1.
Table 1. Diffraction radii of 9Be states (preliminary results)
Rdif,fm
Rdif(E*) - Rdif(0.00)
Rdif,fm
Rdif(E*) - Rdif(0.00)
E, MeV, IπThis work
Ref.[1]
0.00, 3/25.71±0.04
5.49±0.06
1.68, ½+
7,55±0.16
1.84±0.17
6.64±0.14
1.15±0.16
2.43, 5/25.55±0.05- 0.16±0.06
5.53±0.05
0.04±0.07+
3.05, 5/2 (L=1) 6.70±0.60
0.99±0.60> 6.6> 1.1±0.6
3.05, 5/2+(L=3) 6.24±0.38
0.53±0.39
The main result is that the 1.68 MeV state really has the enhanced diffraction (and correspondingly, rms)
radius in accordance with conclusion of Ref. [1]. Formation of the other excited states admits more than
one L-value, and extraction of the diffraction radii requires a more elaborate analysis. This will be done in
the course of the coupled channel calculations.

Fig.2 Differential cross sections of

9Be+α andinelastic (to 1.68 MeV, 1/2+ state). Arrows denotethe positions of extremes used for determining
diffraction radii.

22

Fig.3. Differential cross sections of 9Be+αelastic scattering. Dashed and dotted (W=0)
curves denote the far component.

Decomposition of the elastic scattering cross-section into far and near components shows that theminimum at about 70o (Fig.3) probably is connected with the nuclear rainbow phenomenon. According to[1], the enhanced radius of the 1.68 MeV state should lead to the shift of the corresponding minimum in
the inelastic differential cross-section to the larger angles by 20 – 25 degrees which would provide an
independent tool of measuring the radius. However, strong backward oscillations clearly observed [4] inthe elastic and inelastic (to the 2.43 MeV state) scattering appear in this angular range and do not allow
making definite identification of the rainbow pattern without coupled channel calculations. Study of theseoscillations has self-dependent importance because it would reveal the 5He transfer process to 4He andallow estimating of corresponding spectroscopic factors in different states including 1/2+ one.

References[1] A.A.Ogloblin et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1224 (2010) 100; Int. J. Modern Phys. E 20 (2011) N 5 (to be
published).
[2] R.J.Peterson, Nucl. Phys. A 377 (1982) 41[3] A.N.Danilov et al., Phys. Rev. C 80,(2009) 054603[4] N.Burtebaev et al., Journal of Nuclear Physics, 55 (1992) 577 and to be published.

23

3.
MATERIALS AND CLUSTER SCIENCE

3.1

Mössbauer study on the antiferromagnetic FeO synthesized underhigh pressure

T. Yoshikawa, Y. Kanke,a H. Yanagihara, and E. Kita
a National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba

A series of 3d metal mono oxides, MO (M= Mn, Fe Co and Ni), have a simple NaCl crystalline structure and their electronic states have been investigated intensively. The simple crystalline environments
produce a typical energy change in their electronic systems according to the crystalline field. In the caseof MnO and NiO, magnetic moments lie in (111) plains due to the quench of orbital moments, however theorbital angular momenta remain in FeO and CoO, where electron orbits are degenerated in dε orbits. In
the case of CoO, the direction of magnetic moments deviated from (100) due to the orbital moments. For
FeO, the difficulty in the sample preparation has been pointed out. The Fe defects are commonly detectedin samples and the amount of the iron, x, has not exceed 0.96 in the Fex O formula. It makes understandingof the essential properties difficult. It was reported that the stoichiometric FeO can be obtained by the
sample preparation under the high pressure.[1] In this study, we performed Mössbauer study on the samples prepared with the high pressure synthesis technique in order to evaluate the Fe defects with different
conditions of the preparation.
Samples were synthesized using a modified belt-type high pressure and high temperature apparatus
installed in NIMS.[2] The starting materials were prepared by mixing α-Fe and Fe2 O3 powder in an
atomic ratio of Fe:O = 1:1 and were heated up to TS = 1000 ∼ 1200 ◦ C under 5.5 GPa for 1 hour.

4(321*0/////).,+'-,+*)('&!
"/<=/>/9%%%/?@/<=/>/9$%%/?@

#
$
%
$
#
"
!

#%

$%

%

$%

#%

:

&'()*+,5/6,*78///09% /;*4
Fig. 1. Magnetization curves for FeO prepared under high pressure and high temperature.

The synthesized samples were examined with powder X-ray diffraction. The samples were revealed to
be in an NaCl type single phase and no trace of other compounds were detected. Magnetization measurements were carried out with a conventional SQUID magnetometer. The magnetization curves recorded25

at room temperature were shown in Fig. 1. Small amount of ferromagnetic components is clearly seen
in both magnetization curves. Assuming that residual ferromagnetic parts are composed of α-Fe, theamounts are estimated to be 0.69 at% for the TS = 1000 ◦ C sample and 0.24 at% for the TS =1200 ◦ Csample, respectively. From this result, higher reaction temperature may bring lower concentration offerromagnetic components.
Mössbauer study was carried out at room temperature. The obtained spectra are shown in Fig. 2.
Since the Néel temperature of FeO is around 200 K, much lower than room temperature, paramagnetic
spectra were observed.

.(+#-'',*%$+*)(#'!&%$#"!

-#.'9:';''1022'<=-(.'9:';''1222'<=

31

2

1

0

4!"*5%$6'''-778).

/

Fig. 2. Mössbauer spectra recorded at room temperature for FeO samples prepared under high pressureand high temperature. The reaction temperatures were (a) TS =1200 ◦ C and (b) TS =1000 ◦ C,
respectively.

The relatively sharp line width of the spectra was observed for the TS = 1000 ◦ C sample and the line
shape can fit to the combination of a major singlet and an additional minor singlet.(Fig.2(b)) This implies
that the environment for Fe ions is almost identical. However, at least the two kinds of Fe sites withlower symmetry exist in the TS =1200 ◦ C sample. From these results, it is resulted that more uniform
sample in terms of the Fe local environment is established in lower TS samples, but the amount of residual
ferromagnets has pointed to an opposite trend.
We would like to thank Prof. Siratori for valuable discussion and encouragement.

References[1] T. Katsura, B. Iwasaki, and S. Kimura, J. Chem. Phys. 47 (1967) 4559.
[2] T. Taniguchi, M. Akaishi, Y. Kanke, S. Yamaoka, Rev. Sci. Inst. 75 (2004) 1959-1962.

26

3.2

Study on the diffusion of nitrogen atoms in Fe submicron particles
using Mössbauer spectroscopy

M. Minagawa, H. Yanagihara, M. Kishimoto and E. Kita
Iron nitrides[1][2] are categorized as interstitial compounds, and changes their magnetic properties
and crystal structures with the composition ratio of iron and nitride. They are composed of ubiquitouselements, so have high potentials as environmentally-enhancing materials being alternatives of current
permanent magnets and spin-polarized materials. α”-Fe16 N2 has high uniaxial magnetic anisotropy andlarge saturation magnetization, so it can be applied for high performance permanent magnet or magnetic
recording media. γ’-Fe4 N has been predicted as a half-metallic material, then it can be used for spintronics
devices. ε-Fe2−3 N is the most stable compound and has uniaxial magnetic anisotropy be attributed to its
hcp structure.
These ferromagnetic iron nitrides have been focused because of its magnetic properties. It is important
to clarify the nitrogen diffusion process more quantitatively because the characteristics are affected by the
production process in such interstitial compounds. Many studies have been done on bulk two-dimensionalmodel[3], but knowledge in particle is a few. This arises from the surface coat of each particle and particle
becomes two-phase, its diffusion model becomes more complicated. Additionaly Mössbauer spectroscopy
is suitable to observe nano-sized structures including 57 Fe atoms.
In this report, we fabricated submicron-size nitride particle with the maximum diameter that can beobtained stable single-phase α”-Fe16 N2 [4]. Using Mössbauer spectroscopy, iron-nitride samples withvarious reaction conditions were analyzed from the view point of nitrogen diffusion.
Commercially available 130-nm and 180-nm Fe3 O4 particles (Toda Kogyo Corp.) were used as starting materials and were reduced in an H2 gas flow at 673 K for 2.5 h. The reduced samples were thensuccessively nitrided in an NH3 gas flow for 24 h at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study
was carried out for identification of resulted phase. Samples for Mössbauer spectroscopy were sealed in
epoxy resin to prevent the oxidation. Mössbauer spectra were recorded at room temperature and data werenumerically analyzed with a commercially available fitting software, MossWinn ver.3.

Fig. 1. XRD patterns of 130-nm(left) and 180-nm(right) iron nitride particles.

The samples reduced from the Fe3 O4 particles were confirmed to be in an α-Fe single phase for27both diameters (not shown). The XRD patterns of the samples are shown in Fig.1. Samples with 130nm diameter were fully nitrided at 230 ◦ C and their nitrided phases were mainly took over γ’-Fe4 N. In
contrast samples with 180-nm diameter were fully nitrided at 330 ◦ C and were mainly composed of εFe2−3 N. These results shows that the difference of 50-nm diameter comes down to the differences of theIntensity (arb.units)

nitrided temperature about 100 K and their nitrided phases.

180 nm
300 °C 24 h
nitrided
!"

#

$

%

$

#

!"

Velocity (mm/sec)

Fig. 2. Mössbauer spectrum for 180-nm particle nitrided at 300 ◦ C for 24 h in NH3 flow.

To understand this phenomenon, the thermal diffusion process of nitrogen atoms was investigatedquantitatively using Mössbauer spectroscopy. Figure 2 shows an example of Mössbauer spectra of ironnitride particles. From the Mössbauer spectra, we can obtain the ratio of the each phase, and then estimatedthe volume ratio using their crystalline structures. We assume that the samples are spherical particles with
α-Fe core and iron nitride shell, and the volume ratio turns into the nitrided depth, χ. This quantity isa function of temperatures, and then the activation energy for the formation of nitrided phase, QNef f , wasderived for the sample with each diameter. The diffusion in sphere-shaped samples can be written as a
one-dimensional system[5] in the same way to bulk-like samples,
∂ 2u
∂u
=D 2,
(1)
∂t
∂r
where u is defined to be u = cr and c, D and r are the concentration, the diffusion constant and the radial
distance, respectively. Using the nitridation depth (χ), the average mol volume of γ’ and ε phases (Ω),
and the concentration difference across the phase boundary (∆c), Eq. 1 can be changed to the following
formula[6] ;QNef f11ln(2 Ω ∆c D0 ) + ln τ −
.
(2)
2
2
2RT
Here, τ and R are the nitridation duration and the gas constant, respectively. We also assumed that theln χ =

effective coefficient DNef f was separated into the non-temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient D0 andthe activation energy QNef f . The Eq. 2 implies that QNef f can be obtained from the gradient in the Arrhenius
plot.
Prior to the present work, studies on coarse-grained foils[7] and nanocrystalline foils[6] were reported.
Figure 3 shows the Arrhenius plots of nitridation depth versus the inverse of nitridation temperature. The

28

NC Fe (APL89 021918)ln χ = 7.50-3272/T

ln χ (µm)

20

CG Fe(H. Du et al.)ln χ = 8.03-4890/T
ln χ = 7.89-4855/T

-2
-4
-6
1.2

130 nm nitridationln χ = 15.16-9625/T
180 nm nitridationln χ = 11.90-9128/T

1.4

1.6

1.8
-3

2.0

2.2

-1

1/T (10 K )Fig. 3. Temperature dependence of the nitridation depths. Our experimental results of submicron particles
are shown in below of figure and results of bulk[6][7] from previous works locate above.

activation energies QNef f are 162.7 kJ/mol in 130-nm particles and 169.0 kJ/mol in 180-nm respectively,that are nearly the same amplitude and about twice of the coarse-grained bulk value[7] (Qε =80.7 kJ/moland Qγ ’=88.3 kJ/mol) and three times larger than nanocrystalline bulk one[6] (QNef f =54.39 kJ/mol). The
difference of the diffusion mechanisms between particles (present work) and bulk foils is clearly seen. Thisdifference may be due to the anti-sintering surface coat of particles disturbing the diffusion of nitrogenatoms. It was reported that the diffusion of nitrogen atoms through a Ni/Fe3 C/Fe structure was disturbed
by the Fe3 C layer, and diffusion constant of whole system decrease about three order[8].
According to this phenomenon, the nitrogen concentration in the outer shell of particles was muchlow, the supply of nitrogen atoms for an iron core was not sufficient to grow the iron nitride phase equal
to non-coated samples. As a result, the nitridation depth χ was restricted and the activation energy QNef f
became higher.

References[1] J. M. D. Coey, P. A. I. Smith, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200 (1999) 405.
[2] M. Takahashi, H. Shoji, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 208 (2000) 145.
[3] T. Liapina, A. Leineweber, E. J. Mittemeijer, Met. Mat. Trans. 37A (2006) 319.
[4] S. Kikkawa, A. Yamada, Y. Masubuchi, T. Takeda, Mat. Res. Bull. 43 (2008) 3352.
[5] T. Heumann, Diffusion in Metallen (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992).
[6] W. P. Tong, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2006) 021918.
[7] H. Du and J. Ågren, Z. Metallkd. 86 (1995) 522.
[8] M. Nikolussi, A. Leineweber, E. J. Mittemeijer, Phil. Mag. 90 (2010) 1105.

29

3.3

Hydrogen mapping in Pd-Mg-Ti multi-layer by ambient NRA

D. Sekiba, S. Harada and K. Fukutani1
Mg-based nano-scale multi-layer devices have attracted much attention from the viewpoint of thehydrogen storage for the fuel-cell vehicle. Mg absorbs much hydrogen (7.6 wt. %), though it requires toohigh temperature for the hydrogen desorption in a realistic condition. The nano-scale lattice contraction atinterfaces between Mg and other metals is expected to decrease the hydrogen desorption temperature.
We prepared a multi-layer device consisting of Pd (20 nm)/Mg (20 nm)/Ti (10 nm)/Mg (20 nm)/Ti (10nm)/Si substrate. Previously Baldi et al., reported that the Mg layer near the substrate is selectivelyhydrogenated at a low pressure of the hydrogen atmosphere < 102 Pa due to the constraint at the interface.
However, this selective hydrogenation is deduced indirectly by means of the optical reflection
measurements. We tried to observe this novel hydrogenation process directly by the newly developed
ambient NRA (Nuclear Reaction Analysis).
The beam-line for the ambient NRA has been developed in MALT in University of Tokyo. The 6.4 MeV
15
1

N ion is extracted beyond a thin SiN membrane (100 nm thick and 5 nm Au coated). The reaction ofH(15N, αγ)12C was used for the hydrogen depth profile. The hydrogen pressure in the cell, in which themulti-layer sample was put, can be changed gradually from 10-3 ~ 105 Pa by using a combination of turbo
pump and a variable leak valve. The distance between the SiN membrane and the sample surface was set
at 0.1 mm.
The figure shows the obtained γ-ray yield profile dependent on the 15N beam energy at various pressurehydrogen atmosphere 101 ~ 5x102 Pa. We can see that the γ-ray signal from the gas phase hydrogen is
negligibly small compare to that from16

the pressure of hydrogen gas, we can

14clearly see that the Mg layer near the12

substrate is selectively hydrogenated,while the Mg layer near the surface isremained little hydrogenated. We areplanning to make measurements withhigherpressureofthehydrogenatmosphere.

γyield [counts/nA]

the multi-layer sample. By increasing

Pd

Mg Ti

H2=10Pa
H2=10Pa_take2
H2=35Pa
H2=100Pa
H2=500Pa

Mg Ti

10
8
6
4
2

6600

6700

15

6800
N Energy [keV]

6900

7000

References[1] A. Baldi, M. Gonzalez-Silveira, V. Palmisano, B. Dam, R. Griessen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (2009)
226102.

1

Institute of Industrial Science, Univ. of Tokyo

30

3.4

Measurement of thin-film thicknesses grown on a Si substrate

K. Harada, T. Suemasu, K. Ito, D. Sekiba, S. Ishii, M. Matsumura, N. Takemoto

Introduction
Ferromagnetic silicide Fe3Si is an attractive material for Si-based spintronics applications because thelattice parameter of Fe3Si is 0.564 nm, nearly lattice-matching Si. Furthermore, Fe3Si has a relatively highCurie temperature of approximately 803 K [1]. We have realized a small magnetoresistance (MR) ratioof 0.28% at room temperature (RT) in the Fe3Si/CaF2/Fe3Si magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures[2]. To enhance the MR ratio, we deposited a Pt capping layer on the MTJs to prevent the oxidation of
the top ferromagnetic layer in the MTJs. However, it is difficult to etch the Pt layer by wet etch
process. Thus we decided to use the Ar+ milling technique to etch the Pt layer. It is very important to
get a precise etch rate of Pt. For that purpose, we adopted the RBS technique to evaluate the thicknessof etched Pt, because the integrated intensity of RBS spectrum depends on the thickness of layers. In
this article, we reported on the evaluation of etch rate of Pt layers by RBS measurement.

Experimental
The Pt (8 nm) was deposited at RT on a Si(111) substrate by electron-beam evaporation in a conventional
MBE system. Then the samples were divided in four pieces and etched them by Ar+ milling in the
Nano-Processing Facility, supported by IBEC Innovation Platform, AIST. Table 1 shows the Ar+ milling
conditions. The etch time of four samples were varied as 0, 8, 12 and 20 s. The thickness of the etched layer
was determined by RBS measurement at the C-course of Tadetron accelerator in UTTAC.
Table 1 Ar+ milling conditions

Angle of ion radiation
0˚ (perpendicular to samples)

Rotation
12 rpmFlux
5 sccmBack pressure
4×10-2 Pa

Ion beam
298 V, 9.0 mA

Results and Conclusion
Figure 1 shows the RBS spectra of Pt/Si(111) samples after the Ar+ milling was performed for different
durations. The spectra of Pt were obtained clearly. A silver paste was used to fix the samples in the Ar+
milling. That’s why the signals of Ag appeared in Fig. 1. The etch rate was determined by the integrated
intensity of RBS spectra of Pt. Figure 2 shows the etch rate of Pt. The etch rate was 1225 /s. It was foundthat the 8nm-thick Pt layer was completely removed by the Ar+ milling for 39 s. It means that the etch rateof Pt was 0.20 nm/s. As a next step, we are going to adopt the same method for the Fe3Si, CaF2 and Fe thinfilms to determine their etch rates using Ar+ milling so that we can process Pt/Fe/Fe3Si/CaF2/
Fe3Si/CaF2/Si(111) into mesa structures.

31

Relative yield (arb. units)

6000

Ar milling 0 s
Ar milling 8 s
Ar milling 12 s
Ar milling 20 s

5000
4000

Pt

3000
2000

Si

1000
0

Ag
0

100

200 300 400 500
Channel number

600

Integrated intensity (arb. units)

Fig. 1 RBS spectra of Pt/Si(111).

50000
40000
30000
39 s

20000
10000
0

0

10

20
30
Ar milling (sec)40

Fig. 2 Etch rate of Pt using Ar+ milling.

Acknowledgements
This work was conducted at the Nano-Processing Facility, supported by IBEC Innovation Platform,
AIST. The authors also thank the technical staffs of UTTAC for their supports during the experiment.
Reference[1] A. Ionescu, C. A. F. Vaz, T. Trypiniotis, C. M. Gürtler, H. Garcia-Míquel, J. A. C. Bland, Phy.
Rev. B 71(2005)094401.
[2] K. Harada, K. S. Makabe, H. Akinaga, and T. Suemasu, J. Phys. Conference Series
266(2011)012088.

32

3.5

Quantitative evaluation of nitrogen in perovskite oxynitride SrTaO3-yNy
thin films

D. Oka1, Y. Hirose1, K. Sasa, D. Sekiba, S. Ishii and T. Hasegawa1
Introduction
Perovskite oxynitrides ABO3-yNy are a group of materials which possess both of oxygen and nitrogenions on the same site of their structures The perovskite oxynitrides with many combinations of A-B cations
have been mainly studied as non-toxic pigment or photocatalyst until now. On the other hand, they arealso expected to be good candidates for new dielectic materials with unique property due to large
covalency of metal-nitrogen bond and structural distortion, although there are only few reports about theirdielectric property. For instance, it was reported that ceramics of SrTaO2N and BaTaO2N shows very highpermittivity (ε) of ~3000 and ~5000, respectively, with low temperature coefficients [1]. However, it isdifficult to synthesize densely sintered or single crystalline samples of perovskite oxynitrides required forreliable electrical capacitance measurements. One reason for this problem is that perovskite oxynitrides
are decomposed at sintering temperature due to their very high melting points despite they are very stablein ambient atmosphere over 1000 oC. Another reason is the synthetic process of perovskite oxynitrides,
where precursor oxides are nitrided by annealed under NH3 flow at high temperature (~1000 oC). Since
this reaction proceeds from the surface of the precursor materials, they must be fine powders in shape inorder to accomplish perfect nitridation.
One solution for this problem is fabricating the materials in epitaxal thin film form. Kim et al. reported
the dielectric property of a BaTaO3-xNx thin film epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD)
method [2]. Their BaTaO3-xNx epitaxial thin film showed paraelectric property with small temperature
coefficient as likely as the ceramic BaTaO2N sample. However, its ε of ~220 is about 1/20 smaller than thevalue of the ceramic. Moreover, they didn't determine the nitrogen content of their film despite its
importance. We suggested that this is mainly due to the difficulty of quantitative evaluation of lightelements including nitrogen in thin film materials. In this study, therefore, we determined the nitrogencontents of epitaxial thin films of a perovskite oxynitride SrTaO3-yNy by nuclear reaction anarysis (NRA)in order to reveal intrinsic dielectric property of the perovskite oxynitrides with well-characterized
nitrogen contents.
Experimental
SrTaO3-yNy films were epitaxially grown on (100) plane of SrTiO3 (STO) single crystalline substrates bynitrogen-plasma assisted PLD method. A sintered pellet of Sr2Ta2O7 was ablated by a KrF excimer laser (λ= 248 nm) under the mixture of nitrogen molecules and radicals supplied from an electron cyclotron
resonance plasma atom source. The nitrogen amount (y) in SrTaO3-yNy films was controlled with growthparameters such as temperature of substrates (Ts), partial pressure of nitrogen gas (PN2), and repetition rate(RL) and energy (EL) of the excimer laser. Eepitaxial growth of the perovskite SrTaO3-yNy was confirmed
1

Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan33

by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements.
The nitrogen contents in the films were evaluated by NRA method using 15N(p,αγ)12C reaction based on
the assumption that 15N/14N ratio in the obtained films are the same as the natural isotope ratio. We chosethe resonance peak at 902 keV for excitation and detected the emitted γ-ray with Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)
scintillation counters. A TiN epitaxial thin film was used as a standard sample. Measurements were doneon the course D of 1MV tandetron at UTTAC.
Result and Discussion
Fig. 1 shows the nitrogen contents in the SrTaO3-yNy films fabricated with various growth parameters.
The nitrogen contents show the following trends: y is almost independent of Ts, while it is highly sensitive
to the change of PN2, showing the largest value at 1.0 x 10-5 Torr. The repetition rate RL and pulse energyof the excimer laser EL also have great impact on y, namely, y increases with decrease of RL and EL. These
results indicate that nitrogen content y increases under the condition where the supply of N radical from
ECR atom source becomes larger compared with that of other source elements from ablated target.
Independency of y on Ts indicates that the Ts is too low for the cleavage of stable N2 molecules and only
the N radicals contribute the reaction.
Fig. 2 shows the lattice constants of the SrTaO3-yNy thin films with various y values determined by XRD
measurements. The crystal structures are tetragonally distorted (lattice constant c > a) and both a and cvalues linearly become larger with increase of y. This result can be explained by the fact that N3- ion (R =1.46 Å) is larger than an O2- ion (R = 1.36 Å).
References[1] Young-Il Kim, Patrick M. Woodward, Karim Z. Baba-Kishi, and Cheuk W. Tai, Chemistry Of
Materials 16, 1267-1276 (2004).
[2] Young-Il Kim, Weidong Si, Patrick M. Woodward, Eli Sutter, Sangmoon Park, and Thomas Vogt,
Chemistry Of Materials 19, 618-623 (2007).

Fig. 1. Nitrogen contents y in the SrTaO3-yNy films grownFig. 2. Lattice constants ofunder various conditions evaluated by the NRA method.

SrTaO3-yNy with different y.

34

3.6

Strong correlation between nucleation rate in N2/H2O/SO2 andconsumption of SO2 under irradiation of 20 MeV protons

S.Tomita, H. Tanikawa, S. Funada, H. Kobara1, Y. Nakai2, and K. Sasa,
The possible correlation between solar activities and global environment attracts attentions inconnection with global warming [1]. One of possible mechanisms proposed for the correlation is theformation of nano-particles due to high energy charged particles, i.e. cosmic rays. Cosmic rays ionize
atmospheric gases, and the ions are believed to play important roles for the formation of aerosols in theatmosphere. One of the roles is oxidation of SO2, and the other is ion induced nucleation. In order toinvestigate these processes, we irradiated gas mixture of N2/H2O/SO2 at atmospheric pressure with 20
MeV protons, and measured both generated droplet density and the consumption of SO2 as a function ofbeam intensity.
Experiments were conducted with 12UD Pelletron. The concentration of SO2 in the sample gas was
fixed to 100ppb, and the relative humidity was 30% at room temperature. The generated droplets were
measured by a differential mobility analyzer [2], and the concentration of SO2 were monitored with apulsed fluorescence gas analyzer (Thermo 43S). A typical result of SO2 concentration is shown in Fig.1
together with the intensity of 20 MeV protons. It is clearly seen that the concentration decreases during
proton irradiation. The consumption of SO2 in the sample gas is mainly due to the oxidation with OH
radicals formed by high energy protons. In Fig. 2, the consumption is plotted together with the density ofdroplet generated by the irradiation as a function of beam intensity. Both results show similar trend, which

Beam current (nA)

0.4

SO2 concentration (ppb)

implies the importance of oxidation process of SO2.

105

0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0

100

95

90
800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

Time (sec)Fig. 1: SO2 concentration (lower frame) and beam intensity of
20MeV

protonsonsamplegas(N2/H2O/SO2).

The

concentration of SO2 was 100ppb, and relative humidity was
30% at room temperature.

35

6
5
4

5

3

4
2

3

2
1

SO2 consumption (ppb)

Droplet density (104cm-3)

10
9
8
7
6

1
0.1

Beam current (nA)

Fig. 2: SO2 consumption (crosses) and generated droplet
density (squares) as a function of beam intensity of 20
MeV .proton.

References[1]

Carslaw, K.S., R.G. Harrison, and J. Kirkby, Science, 2002. 298(5599): p. 1732-1737.

[2]

Seto, T., et al., Journal of Aerosol Science, 1997. 28(2): p. 193-206.

1

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Onogawa 16-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki

3058569, Japan
2

RIKEN Nishina Center, Radioactive Isotope Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan

36

3.7

Rutherford backscattering of potassium intercalated graphite

T. Kondo, J. Oh, D. Guo, T. Suzuki, K. Arakawa, T. Machida, T. Shikano, Y. Saito, K. Iwatake, S. Ishii, D.
Sekiba, H. Kudo and J. Nakamura
To characterize the amount and intercalation feature of potassium atoms on graphite, we have applied
ex-situ RBS (Rutherford backscattering) technique for the surface of HOPG (Highly oriented pyroryticgraphite) with potassium deposited at room temperature in UHV (ultra-high vacuum). The observed
typical RBS spectrum is shown in Fig. 1(a). With a large backscattering intensity component below 0.37
has been identified as to correspond to carbon and potassium,
respectively, based on the following RBS equation:2

 M cosθ+ M 2 − M 1 2 sin θ
2
2
 E ,
E 1=  1
 0
M 1+ M 2

where E1 is the ion energy scattered from the sample, E0 the

He ion intensity [arb. units]

MeV, there is a peak at around 1.08 MeV. Each peak component
EHe ion = 1.6 MeV

(a)

(b)

incident He ion energy (1.6 MeV), M1 the atomic mass of incident
ion (4 amu), M2 the atomic mass of sample and θ the angle of

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
E E1 (MeV)(M V)

solid state detector (150 degree). From the peak intensity ratio

Fig. 1 RBS of K/HOPG, (a) as-deposited

between carbon and potassium, the amount of potassium can be

at RT, (b) with heating to 800 K

roughly estimated as 1.1 ML, where 1 ML is defined as the amount of potassium atoms with the same
number of carbon atoms at the top-most graphene layer on graphite. The peak component of potassium islimited at around 1.08 MeV, more precisely from 1.05 to 1.1 MeV. This indicates that potassium atoms
locate near the surface of graphite and not deeply intercalated into the bulk of graphite. According to theliterature, the potassium atoms were reported to intercalate into graphite by layer-by-layer manner at room
temperature based on the LEED (low energy electron diffraction) analysis [1]. The result in Fig. 1(a)seems to agree with this conclusion. However, it is not clear whether the potassium located “on” thetop-most graphene layer or “below” the layer from Fig. 1(a) because the width of the peak is not clear to
distinguish the effect of the finite energy resolution of RBS in this particular case. Further examination
with enough signal-to-noise ratio and/or high resolution RBS is required to clarify this point.
Fig. 1(b) shows the RBS spectrum of graphite with potassium deposited in UHV at room
temperature followed by heating to ~800 K. Contrary to the case of Fig. 1(a) there is a wide peakcomponent below 1.08 MeV. The component is considered to be due to the intercalated potassium in thebulk of graphite. The deepest depth and total amount of potassium can roughly be estimated as >0.5 μm
and > 14 ML, respectively. Since the largest intensity of the component does not positioned at 1.08 MeV,
potassium density is considered to be not uniform near the surface of graphite. Further investigation isrequired to clarify the density profile of potassium in detail.
Reference[1] N. J. Wu and A. Ignatiev, Phys. Rev. B, 28 (1983) 7288.

37

4.
ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

4.1

A preliminary measurement of cosmogenic 36Cl in the Greenland
NEEM ice core

K. Sasa, K. Kurosumi, Y. Matsushi1, Y. Tosaki2, T. Takahashi, K. Sueki, N. Kinoshita, K. Horiuchi3, H.
Matsuzaki4 and K. Azuma5
The North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling - NEEM - is an international ice core research project aimed at
retrieving an ice core from North-West Greenland (77.45°N, 51.06°W). The NEEM project commenced in2007 and has the goal of retrieving an undisturbed record of the full Eemian interglacial period 115,000 130,000 years ago [1]. We have been engaged in a collaborative research project to measure cosmogenic
36

Cl in the NEEM ice core. We have attempted to help with the dating by investigating 10Be/36Cl ratios.

There are two aspects. 1) To measure 10Be/36Cl in the deepest ice as a dating exercise, and 2) to measure10

Be/36Cl in several periods below 2200 m where the ice seems disturbed, to try to identify inclusions ofolder ice or overturned ice. There are five episodes of rapidly changing δ18O values in the NEEM ice core.
We used sawdust samples for trial measurements of 36Cl in the NEEM ice core. In addition, 10Be in the
NEEM ice core has been measured at Uppsala University. Isotope dilution method was attempted toestimate natural Cl content in the ice [2]. A sodium chloride-35 powder from Aldrich Co. (35Cl purity: 99.9
at. %) was used as the carrier. Ice samples and chemical blanks were spiked with 0.8 mg Cl of the
35

Cl-enriched carrier. Chemical blank was also spiked with 0.5 mg of a normal Cl carrier, so that it works

also as a standard with a known content of initial Cl with natural isotope ratio. Table 1 shows apreliminary result of 36Cl trial measurements in the NEEM ice core.
Table 1. Preliminary result of 36Cl trial measurements in the NEEM ice core.
Sample no.
2385 - 2390
2847 - 2852
Blank 1
Blank 2

Depth
(m)

36

Age

35

Cl/37Cl

-15

(ka)
1315
1567

Cl/Cl
59 ± 7140 ± 46.4 ± 0.9
6.0 ± 0.7

Cl concentration(103 atoms/g)

(10 )
9.65
19.3

36

103
33
9.1
9.1

2.30 ± 0.13
5.37 ± 0.24

Acknowledgements
This work is supported in part by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Programs of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (Grants-in-Aid No. 21310004 and 22241003).
References[1] Buchardt, Susanne L., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Annals of Glaciology, Vo. 48, 1, 2008, 100-102(3).
[2] Y. Matsushi et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B, 268 (2010) 1205-1208.
1

Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
3
Hirosaki University
4
MALT, The University of Tokyo
5
National Institute of Polar Research
2

39

4.2

Groundwater ages in the volcanic aquifers of Mt. Fuji, central Japan

Y. Tosaki1, N. Tase, K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, S. Gmati and S. Ueno
Introduction
In areas closely related to Quaternary volcanoes, groundwater is a major source of water used for
drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Because the surface of these volcanoes is generally overlain
by high-porosity volcanic sediments, the resulting high permeability allows them to contain large
reservoirs of groundwater. An understanding of groundwater flow systems and groundwater age istherefore an important component of the sustainable management of the groundwater resources involcanic areas.
In our previous work [1], we proposed a methodology for estimating groundwater age based on the36

Cl bomb-pulse. The spatial distribution of 36Cl-based residence times for springs around Mt. Fuji, central

Japan was basically consistent with that of tritium-based estimates calculated from data presented inprevious studies. However, the estimated residence times were not in agreement between the two tracers,
showing an overestimation for 36Cl.
To further examine the applicability of bomb-derived 36Cl in dating young groundwater, this study
focuses on the older, deeper groundwater in the southern foot of Mt. Fuji. The distinctive difference in theelemental compositions of the Older Fuji and Younger Fuji volcanic rocks yields contrasting chemicalcomposition of groundwater in each aquifer. In conjunction with the altitude effect on stable isotopic
composition of oxygen, our results provided insights into the sources of the pumped groundwaters andtheir ages.
Study site and methods
During sampling campaigns conducted between July 2007 and January 2010, groundwater samples
were obtained from municipal and private water supply wells on the southern foot of Mt. Fuji. The surface
geology is dominated by lava flows of the Younger Fuji volcano, partly overlain by alluvial deposits. In
some locations, the underlying Older Fuji deposits are exposed on the surface. Most of the wells arescreened in both of shallow (i.e. Younger Fuji lava flows and/or alluvial deposits) and deep (i.e. Older Fuji
mudflow deposits) aquifers (see [1] for detailed geology).
Bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentrations were determined by titration with dilute H2SO4 solution. Other
major dissolved ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3−) were measured by ion chromatography
analysis (Ion Analyzer IA-100; Dkk-Toa) at UTTAC. Stable isotope ratios of oxygen (δ18O) were analyzed
with a stable isotope mass spectrometer (MAT252; Thermo Finnigan) at the Hydrology Lab, Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba (analytical error 0.1‰). After standard
chemical processing [2], the samples with NO3− concentrations smaller than approximately 10 mg/L were
measured for 36Cl/Cl ratios with the AMS system at UTTAC.

1

Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

40

Results and discussion
Figure 1(a) presents the relationship between K+/Na+ molar ratios and δ18O values of the groundwater
samples. The occurrence of a strong correlation between the two parameters clearly indicates the presenceof two end-member components mixing in the sampled wells through the screens. Because the Older Fuji
deposits are characterized by the high content of Na relative to K [3], one component with low K+/Na+
ratio and low δ18O value would correspond to the groundwater in the deep Older Fuji aquifers, whichshould have a high recharge elevation. The other with higher δ18O value (i.e. lower recharge elevation)
may originate from the Younger Fuji and/or shallow alluvial aquifers.
From the measured 36Cl/Cl ratios given in Figure 1(b), two samples with low δ18O value show
remarkably low 36Cl/Cl ratios around 30 × 10−15. The remaining samples have varying 36Cl/Cl ratios from~100 × 10−15 to ~800 × 10−15, which are obviously higher than those of the above-mentioned two samples
probably due to the addition of bomb-derived 36Cl. The wide range of 36Cl/Cl ratios for these samples may
indicate the existence of multiple components for the low δ18O end-member, possibly originating from theYounger Fuji and alluvial aquifers.
Based on our results, the groundwater in the Older Fuji aquifer was recharged during the pre-bomb
period (i.e. >60 years ago). Contrastingly, the groundwater ages in the Younger Fuji and alluvial aquifers
are estimated to be approximately 30–50 years. To provide more quantitative estimates of the groundwaterages, further studies will involve the application of “36Cl bomb-pulse dating” proposed previously [1].
References[1] Y. Tosaki et al., Ground Water (2011) in press, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00795.x.
[2] Y. Tosaki et al., Water 3 (2011) 64.
[3] K. Ikeda, Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan 40 (1989) 331.
−6

(a)

(b)

δ18O (‰)

−7

−8

−9

−10

NO3− < 10 mg/L
NO3− > 10 mg/L

0

0.1
+

0.2

0.3 0

+

K /Na (mol/mol)

200

400

600

36

−15

Cl/Cl (10

800

1000

)

Figure 1. (a) Relationship between K+/Na+ molar ratios and δ18O values of groundwater. (b) Relationshipbetween 36Cl/Cl ratios and δ18O values.

41

4.3

AMS study of 36Cl in meteorites

Y. Oura1, Y. Sasaki1, Y. Hamanaka1, K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, K. Sueki, N. Kinoshita, T. Amano,
J. Kitagawa, K. Kurosumi, M. Matsumura.
The research group led by M. Honda have been measuring some cosmogenic nuclides in a lot offragments of Gibeon meteorites to be clear the depth dependence of cosmogenic nuclide contents. The
concentrations of these nuclides vary by 5 orders of magnitude from fragment to fragment, and systematic
correlations among cosmogenic nuclides are observed [1]. 45Sc among cosmogenic nuclides produced in
an iron meteorite are stable nuclides and Sc element consists of a unique nuclide, 45Sc, in nature. Sc isclassified to geochemical lithophile element, thus non-cosmogenic original Sc contents in iron meteorite issupposed to be very low and its concentration is very interesting for solving a process of a internal core ofplanet. We have to analyze a fragment with ultra trace of cosmogenic nuclide content to reduce theircontribution. So 36Cl contents were determined in a fragment of Gibeon and Campo del Cielo, which we
got recently, to find its degree of cosmogenic nuclide contents and to evaluate if the fragment is good foranalysis. And a content of cosmogenic nuclides other than 45Sc is helpful for evaluation of contaminationof terrestrial 45Sc in its determination. About 1 g of a piece cut from each fragment was subjected toanalysis. Two pieces were obtained from a fragment of Campo del Cielo. The 36Cl content was found to be
0.019 ± 0.001 dpm/kg in Gibeon and 2.38 ± 0.01 and 2.30 ± 0.01 dpm/kg in Campo del Cielo. Observed36

Cl contents in Gibeon by Honda et al. were varied from 0.003 to 5.05 dpm/kg. Our fragment of Gibeon

is classified to low cosmogenic nuclide content group and it is estimated that the fragment of Gibeon was
located in relatively deep inside of the meteoroid. On the contrary Campo del Cielo fragment was locatedcloser to the surface and 45Sc in it was predicted to be mostly cosmogenic origin.
AMS group in University of Tsukuba are developing a technique of 41Ca analysis. We have a plan ofapplication of 41Ca to meteorites. There is no standard
reference material with certified value of

41

Ca

41

concentration, thus correlation between Ca and othercosmogenic nuclide is one of way of evaluation ofdetermined 41Ca concentration value. In Fig.1, thecorrelation between 41Ca and 36Cl production rates iniron meteorite with different meteoroid radius basedon a model calculation by Ammon et al. [2] are shown.
No systematic difference among different radii isobserved and 0.028 and 3.0 dpm/kg of 41Ca are
expected to be determined in Gibeon and Campo delCielo, respectively, according to the correlation.

1

Fig.1 Correlation between 41Ca and 36Cl in ironmeteorites based on model calculation [2].

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University

42References[1] M. Honda, N. Nagai, K. Nagao, K. Bajo, N. Takaoka, Y. Oura, K. Nishiizumi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78
Suppl. A (2009) 12.
[2] K. Ammon, J. Masarik, I. Leya, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 44 (2009) 485.

43

5.
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

5.1

Acceleration energy dependence of nanohole sizes formed by ion
irradiation and following HF etching in thermally grown SiO2 films

M. Fujimaki1, K. Awazu1, T. Komatsubara
A biomolecular sensor utilizing waveguide modes (WM) is one of the promising sensors formolecular adsorption detection [1, 2]. We have developed a WM sensor that used a sensing plate having a
multilayer structure consisting of a SiO2 glass substrate, a single-crystalline Si layer, and a thermallygrown SiO2 glass waveguide. We named the sensing plate ‘monolithic sensing plate’ [3]. The monolithic
sensing plate illuminated under the Kretschmann configuration operates as a sensor that is capable ofdetecting modifications in the dielectric environment near the waveguide surface by measuring change inreflectivity. Figure 1 shows an optical set-up of the sensor, in which a spectral readout system is used. In
the system, collimated white light is irradiated to the monolithic sensing plate placed on the bottom of aprism and a spectrum of the reflected light is observed by a spectrophotometer. We reported thatsignificant enhancement of sensitivity of the WM sensor was achieved by perforating the SiO2 waveguide,in which selective etching of latent tracks formed in the waveguide by ion irradiation was used [3, 4]. In
the present research, we investigated optimal ion irradiation conditions to form desirable nanoholes.

AnalyteSensing plate
Lens
Spectrophotometer

Prism
Polarizer

Lens

Fig.1. Optical set-up of the WM sensor, in which the monolithic
sensing plate is used
The substrate used was a Si substrate having a 2-μm-thick thermally grown SiO2 layer on its surface.
For perforating the SiO2 layer, ion irradiation and etching by 5% HF solution following the irradiation
were applied to the layer. Ion irradiation was performed using the 12 UD Pelletron tandem accelerator at
the University of Tsukuba. Irradiated ions were Au, Br, and Cl ions. The irradiated substrate was dipped in
the HF solution for 2 min. Fabricated nanoholes were observed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM, Hitachi High-Technologies, S4800). Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c respectively show the SEM images ofthe perforated surfaces formed by the Au, Br, and Cl-ion irradiation and the following HF etching. The
acceleration energy of each ion is shown in the images. As can be seen in Figs. 2a and 2b, good-shaped
nanoholes are observed in all the cases of the Au and Br-ion irradiation, and the diameters of thenanoholes scarcely depend on the irradiation conditions, indicating that acceleration energy of 34.5 MeV
is enough for Au ions to form desirable nanoholes and that of 25.0 MeV for Br ions. The projected rangeof Au ions accelerated with 34.5 MeV and that of Br ions with 25.0 MeV are ∼8 μm. This value is much45

larger than the thickness of the waveguide of the monolithic sensing plate, where a typical thickness of the
waveguide is ∼500 nm. This means that these ions go through the waveguide layer and that the formed
nanoholes penetrate the waveguide layer.
In the case of the Cl-ion irradiation, formation of nanoholes was not observed under the irradiation of
66.4-MeV Cl ions, whereas nanoholes were formed under the conditions with smaller acceleration energy.
The nanohole with the largest diameter was created by the irradiation of Cl ions accelerated with 16.5
MeV. This result is consistent with the previous reports [5, 6].
The obtained information is useful to realize a low-cost and high-productivity fabrication process ofthe perforated monolithic sensing plate.

(a)89.4 MeV

61.6 MeV

43.5 MeV

34.5 MeV

111.6 MeV

72.6 MeV

43.8 MeV

25.0 MeV

66.4 MeV

36.3 MeV

16.5 MeV

8.05 MeV(b)(c)

Fig.2. SEM images of the perforated surfaces formed by the Au (a), Br(b), and Cl (c) ion irradiation and the following HF etching.
This study was supported by Industrial Technology Research Grant Program in 2009 from New
Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) in Japan.
References[1] W. Knoll, MRS Bulletin 16 (1991) 29.
[2] M. Fujimaki et al., Nanotechnology 19 (2008) 095503.
[3] M. Fujimaki et al., Opt. Express 16 (2008) 6408.
[4] K. Awazu et al., Opt. Express 15 (2007) 2592.
[5] J. Jensen et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 243, 119 (2006).
[6] K. Nomura et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B (in press).

1

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

46

5.2

PIXE analyses of trace Ti in single fluid inclusions in quartz from
Tsushima granite

M. Kurosawa, S. Ishii and K. Sasa
Introduction
Titanium oxides and silicates have very limited solubility in water, so that Ti is thought to be essentiallyimmobile by crustal fluids at igneous and metamorphic conditions. Based on the immobility, Ti contents in
igneous and metamorphic rocks are often used as an indicator of the origin and formation process. On theother hand, titanium minerals formed by fluid reactions are frequently observed in metamorphic andhydrothermal-alteration rocks. Recent hydrothermal experiments have also shown the extreme highsolubility in chloride and fluoride-rich solutions at high-pressure conditions [1]. Thus, fluid transport of Ti
in geological environments has attracted attention as a source of the titanium mineral formation. A part ofgeological fluids is normally trapped as fluid inclusions inside minerals during transportation in rocks, sothat fluid inclusions are expected as an information source about the Ti transportation and fluid
chemistries. Trace amounts of Ti have been sometimes detected for fluid inclusion analyses by PIXE andsynchrotron X-ray fluorescence [2, 3]. The concentrations and behaviors, however, have not been fully
understood. For these reasons, we determined trace-element compositions of single fluid inclusions inquartz from Tsushima granite by using micro-PIXE.
SampleTsushima granite, Nagasaki prefecture, is typical calcalkaline Miocene granite in Japan and contains abundantmiarolitic cavities [4]. The emplacement level estimatedis 2–6 km deep. Quartz in the granite and cavities
contains many polyphase and vapor-rich fluid inclusions
formed by brine-vapor separation due to fluid boiling(Fig. 1). Two-phase aqueous inclusions are also found.
Thus, we analyzed the three types of inclusions. Salinities of the polyphase inclusions were of 28–55 wt.%
NaCl eq. and the homogenizing temperatures (Th)ranged from 782 to 250 °C. The two-phase inclusions
showed Th of 220–521 °C. Measured inclusions weretypically 50 μm in size, ellipsoidal or negative-crystal

Fig.1. Photomicrograph of polyphase andvapor-rich fluid inclusions in a quartz
crystal from miarolitic cavity at Tsushima
granite. A large inclusion of the left side is a
polyphase inclusion, 70 μm in size, with abubble (dark ellipsoidal) and many daughter
crystals of halite, calcite and so on. Several
ellipsoids in the right side are vapor-richinclusions.

shapes, and the inclusion depths were less than 10 μm.
Experimental
PIXE analyses were performed at the 1MV Tandetron. A 1.0 to 5.0 nA beam of 1.92-MeV proton was
focused to a ~50 x 50 μm spot on the sample. The beam incidence was normal to the sample surface, and47

the X-ray measurement take-off angle was 45˚. The characteristic X-rays were collected by the Si(Li)
X-ray-energy detector with a nominal resolution of 153 eV at 5.9 keV. A 55-μm-thick Mylar film was used
to attenuate the intense X-rays from the predominant light elements. All samples were analyzed to theintegrated charges of 0.5 to 5.0 μC. Quantification was performed based on the ellipsoidal-inclusion
calculation model, and the total analytical errors for trace elements were estimated to be of ±11- 40 % [5].
Results and Discussion
Typical PIXE spectra of the inclusions consisted of700

K X-ray peaks from Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn,

600

Ge, Br, Rb, and Sr, and L X-ray peaks from Pb andso the Ti peaks are conspicuous for the vapor-richinclusions with low Ba contents. Contents of Ti
determined were of 100–600 ppm for polyphase and500

Ti (ppm)

Ba. The peaks from Ti are adjacent to those from Ba,

400
300

vapor-rich inclusions, and 2–50 ppm for the200

two-phase inclusions, respectively. The almost same

100

contents in the polyphase and vapor-rich inclusions

0

imply that apparent partition coefficients of Ti

0larger than those expected, and the enrichment into
vapor phase may also be supposed. The contents ofTi were also strongly positively correlated with Cl
contents (Fig. 2), suggesting transportation of Ti as
chlorine complex in hydrothermal fluids. The result

200000300000Cl (ppm)

between vapor and brine (Dvapor/brine) during fluid
boiling are nearly unity. The value is relatively

100000

Fig.2. Elemental correlation between Cl
and Ti in fluid inclusions from miarolitic
cavities at Tsushima granite. Open square:polyphase inclusion; solid square: vaporrich inclusion; solid circle: two-phaseinclusion.

is consistent with the high solubility of Ti in saline water [1]. In addition, the correlations between Cl andTi showed distinctive trends among the inclusion types. These distinctive trends are thought to reflectchanges of process or pressure and temperature conditions at the fluid formation. Ti contents also show
frequently correlation with contents of K, Ca, Fe, Sr, and Ba. In the cavities, small amounts of titanite(CaTiSiO5) and ilmenite (FeTiO3) are present coexisting with K-feldspar (KAlSi3O8), so the same
behavior of Ti with Ca, Fe, and K can be understood. The behavior of Sr and Ba are similar to those of Ca
and K in granite systems, respectively, so their correlation with Ti may be reasonable.
References[1] J. F. Rapp et al., Geology, 38 (2011) 323.
[2] A. J. Anderson et al., Can. Mineral., 36 (1998), 511.
[3] B. Ménez et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66 (2002), 561.
[4] K. C. Shin et al., Res. Geol., 59 (2009), 25.
[5] M. Kurosawa et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth., B266 (2008), 3633.

48

6.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

The publications listed here are those released in the fiscal year 2010 by all the workers listed on p.60.
6.1 Journals
ACCELERATOR AND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES
1. K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, Y. Nagashima, Y. Tosaki, N. Kinoshita, K. Sueki, H. Matsumura, K. Bessho, Y.
Matsushi, Accelerator mass spectrometry at the tsukuba 12 MV pelletron tandem accelerator,
Proceedings of IPAC’10, Kyoto, Japan, Joint Accelerator Conference Website (JACoW), 223-225(2010).
2. T.Moriguchi, S.Ishimoto, S.Igarashi, A.Ozawa, Y.Abe, Y.Ishibashi, Y.Ito, H.Ooishi, H.Suzuki,
M.Takechi, K.Tanaka, Developments of a thick and large solid hydrogen target for radioisotope beams,
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 624 (2010) 27.

NUCLEAR PHYSICS
3. K. Setoodehnia, A. A. Chen, T. Komatsubara, S. Kubono, D. N. Binh, J. F. Carpino, J. Chen, T.
Hashimoto, T. Hayakawa, Y. Ishibashi, Y. Ito, D. Kahl, T. Moriguchi, H. Ooishi, A. Ozawa, T.
Shizuma, Y. Sugiyama, and H. Yamaguchi, Spins and parities of astrophysically important 30S statesfrom 28Si(3He, nγ)30S, Phys. Rev. C 83, 018803 (2011) [4 pages]
4. A. Kim, N.H. Lee, I.S. Hahn, J.S. Yoo, M.H. Han, S. Kubono, H. Yamaguchi, S. Hayakawa, Y.
Wakabayashi, D. Binh, H. Hashimoto, T. Kawabata, D. Kahl, Y. Kurihara, Y.K. Kwon, T. Teranishi, S.
Kato, T. Komatsubara, B. Guo, G. Bing, W. Liu, Y. Wang, Direct measurement of the14

O(alpha,alpha)14O cross section for astrophysically important 14O + alpha resonances, Journal of the

Korean Physical Society, Vol. 57, No. 1, July (2010), pp. 40-43
5. A. Ozawa, Studies of nuclear structure for unstable nuclei by RI beams, Genshikaku-Kenkyu Vol. 54,
14-23, (2010), (Japanese)
6. B.Sun, R.Knöbel, H.Geissel, Yu.A.Litvinov, P.M.Walker, K.Blaum, F.Bosch, D.Boutin, C.Brandau,
L.Chen, I.J.Cullen, A.Dolinskii, B.Fabian, M.Hausmann, C.Kozhuharov, J.Kurcewicz, S.A.Litvinov,
Z.Liu, M.Mazzocco, J.Meng, F.Montes, G.Münzenberg, A.Musumarra, S.Nakajima, C.Nociforo,
F.Nolden, T.Ohtsubo, A.Ozawa, Z.Patyk, W.R.Plaß, C.Scheidenberger, M.Steck, T.Suzuki, H.Weick,N.Winckler, M.Winkler, T.Yamaguchi, Direct measurement of the 4.6 MeV isomer in stored bare 133Sb

49

ions, Physics Letters B 688 (2010) 294-297.
7. Tetsuya Ohnishi, Toshiyuki Kubo, Kensuke Kusaka, Atsushi Yoshida, Koichi Yoshida, Masao Ohtake,Naoki Fukuda, Hiroyuki Takeda, Daisuke Kameda, Kanenobu Tanaka, Naohito Inabe, Yoshiyuki
Yanagisawa, Yasuyuki Gono, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hideaki Otsu, Hidetada Baba, Takashi Ichihara,
Yoshitaka Yamaguchi, Maya Takechi, Shunji Nishimura, Hideki Ueno, Akihiro Yoshimi, Hiroyoshi
Sakurai, Tohru Motobayashi, Taro Nakao, Yutaka Mizoi, Masafumi Matsushita, Kazuo Ieki, Nobuyuki
Kobayashi, Kana Tanaka, Yosuke Kawada, Naoki Tanaka, Shigeki Deguchi, Yoshiteru Satou, Yosuke
Kondo, Takashi Nakamura, Kenta Yoshinaga, Chihiro Ishii, Hideakira Yoshii, Yuki Miyashita, Nobuya
Uematsu, Yasutsugu Shiraki, Toshiyuki Sumikama, Junsei Chiba, Eiji Ideguchi, Akito Saito, Takayuki
Yamaguchi, Isao Hachiuma, Takeshi Suzuki, Tetsuaki Moriguchi, Akira Ozawa, Takashi Ohtsubo,
Michael A. Famiano, Hans Geissel, Anthony S. Nettleton, Oleg B. Tarasov, Daniel P. Bazin, Bradley
M. Sherrill, Shashikant L. Manikonda, and Jerry A. Nolen, Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich
Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79(2010) 073201.
8. T.Kuboki, T.Ohtsubo, M.Takechi, I.Hachiuma, K.Namihira, T.Suzuki, T.Yamaguchi, Y.Ohkuma,
Y.Shimbara, S.Suzuki, R.Watanabe, M.Fukuda, M.Mihara, D.Nishimura, Y.Ishibashi, Y.Ito,
T.Moriguchi, D.Nagae, H.Ooishi, K.Ogawa, A.Ozawa, Y.Yasuda, H.Suzuki, T.Sumikama,
K.Yoshinaga, H.Geissel, M.Winkler, T.Izumikawa, S.Momota, N.Aoi, N.Fukuda, N.Inabe, D.Kameda,
K.Kusaka, T.Kubo, M.Lantz, T.Ohnishi, M.Ohtake, T.Suda, H.Takeda, K.Tanaka, Y.Yanagisawa,
A.Yoshida, K.Yoshida, Measurement of Interaction Cross-sections for Neutron-rich Na Isotopes, Acta
Phys. Pol. B42, 765 (2011)
9. X.L.Tu, H.S.Xu M.Wang, Y.H.Zhang, Yu.A.Litvinov, Y.Sun, H.Schatz, X.H.Zhou, Y.J.Yuan, J.W.Xia,
G.Audi, K.Blaum, C.M.Du, P.Geng, Z.G.Hu, W.X.Huang, S.L.Jin, L.X.Liu, Y.Liu, X.Ma, R.S.Mao,
B.Mei, P.Shuai, Z.Y.Sun, H.Suzuki, S.W.Tang, J.S.Wang, S.T.Wang, G.Q.Xiao, X.Xu, T.Yamaguchi,
Y.Yamaguchi, X.L.Yan, J.C.Yang, R.P.Ye, Y.D.Zang, H.W.Zhao, T.C.Zhao, X.Y.Zhang, W.L.Zhan
Direct Mass Measurements of Short-Lived A=2 Z-1 Nuclides 63Ge, 65As, 67Se, and 71Kr and Their
Impact on Nucleosynthesis in the rp Process, Phys.Rev.Lett. 106, 112501-112505 (2011)
10. N.Aoi, S.Kanno, S.Takeuchi, H.Suzuki, D.Bazin, M.D.Bowen, C.M.Campbell, J.M.Cook, D.-C.Dinca,
A.Gade, T.Glasmacher, H.Iwasaki, T.Kubo, K.Kurita, T.Motobayashi, W.F.Mueller, T.Nakamura,
H.Sakurai, M.Takashina, J.R.Terry, K.Yoneda, H.Zwahlen, Enhanced collectivity in 74Ni, Phys.Lett. B
692, 302-306 (2010)
11. E.Yu.Nikolskii, A.A.Korsheninnikov, H.Otsu, H.Suzuki, K.Yoneda, H.Baba, K.Yamada, Y.Kondo,
N.Aoi, A.S.Denikin, M.S.Golovkov, A.S.Fomichev, S.A.Krupko, M.Kurokawa, E.A.Kuzmin, I.Martel,
W.Mittig, T.Motobayashi, T.Nakamura, M.Niikura, S.Nishimura, A.A.Ogloblin, P.Roussel-Chomaz,

50

A.Sanchez-Benitez, Y.Satou, S.I.Sidorchuk, T.Suda, S.Takeuchi, K.Tanaka, G.M.Ter-Akopian,Y.Togano, M.Yamaguchi, Search for 7H in 2H+8He collisions, Phys.Rev. C 81, 064606-064610 (2010)
12. D. Nagae, T. Ishii, R. Takahashi, M. Asai, H. Makii, A. Osa, T.K. Sato, S. Ichikawa, Y.R. Shimizu, T.
Shoji, Lifetime Measurements for the First 2+ States in 162, 164Gd Populated by the Decay of 162, 164Eu,
AIP Conf. Proc., 1224, 156-160 (2010)
13. P.Zhou, D.Q.Fang, Y.G.Ma, X.Z.Cai, J.G.Chen, W.Guo, X.Y.Sun, W.D.Tian, H.W.Wang, G.Q.Zhang,
X.G.Cao, Y.Fu, Z.G.Hu, J.S.Wang, M.Wang, Y.Togano, N.Aoi, H.Baba, T.Honda, K.Okada, Y.Hara,
K.Ieki, Y.Ishibashi, Y.Itou, N.Iwasa, S.Kanno, T.Kawabata, H.Kimura, Y.Kondo, K.Kurita,
M.Kurokawa, T.Moriguchi, H.Murakami, H.Oishi, S.Ota, A.Ozawa, H.Sakurai, S.Shimoura, R.Shioda,
E.Takeshita, S.Takeuchi, K.Yamada, Y.Yamada, Y.Yasuda, K.Yoneda, T.Motobayashi, Measurement of
two-proton correlation from the break-up of 23Al, International Journal of Modern Physics E, 19(2010) 957-964
14. D. Nishimura, M. Fukuda, M. Takechi, M. Mihara, D. Ishikawa, J. Komurasaki, K. Matsuta, R.
Matsumiya, T. Kuboki, M. Yoshitake, T. Suzuki, T. Yamaguchi, S. Nakajima, K. Saito, M. Miura, I.
Hachiuma, K. Namihira, T. Ohtsubo, Y. Shimbara, T. Watanabe, Y. Ohkuma, T. Izumikawa, K. Tanaka,
T. Suda, A. Ozawa, Y. Yasuda, T. Moriguchi, S. Momota, S. Fukuda, S. Sato, M. Kanazawa, A.
Kitagawa, Distinction between Proton-Neutron Density Distribution of Halo Nuclei at the Nuclear
Surface via Reaction Cross Section, Nuclear Physics A 834 (2010) 470c-472c

MATERIALS AND CLUSTER SCIENCE
15. Masashi Imanaka, Shigeo Tomita , Suguru Kanda, Mitsuteru Fujieda, Kimikazu Sasa, Jens Olaf Pepke
Pedersen, Hiroshi Kudo, Nanoparticle Formation in H2O/N2 and H2O/Ar Mixtures under Irradiation
by 20 MeV Protons and Positive Corona Discharge, Journal of Aerosol Science 41 468–474 (2010).
16. Shaoqiang Chen, Akira Uedono, Shoji Ishibashi, Shigeo Tomita, Hiroshi Kudo, and Katsuhiro
Akimoto, Effect of V/III flux ratio on luminescence properties and defect formation of Er-doped GaN,
Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, (2010) 051907 (1-3)
17. H. Kudo, H. Arai, S. Tomita, S. Ishii, T. Kaneko, Electron emission from surfaces bombarded by MeV
atom clusters, Vacuum 84, (2010) 1014-1017
18. Masashi Imanaka, Shigeo Tomita, Suguru Kanda, Mitsuteru Fujieda, Kimikazu Sasa, Jens Olaf Pepke
Pedersen, Hiroshi Kudo, Nanoparticle Formation in H2O/N2 and H2O/Ar Mixtures under Irradiation
by 20 MeV Protons and Positive Corona Discharge'', J. Aerosol Sci. 41, (2010) 468-474

51

19. Shaoqiang Chen, Benjamin Dierre, Woong Lee, Takashi Sekiguchi, Shigeo Tomita, Hiroshi Kudo, andKatsuhiro Akimoto, Suppression of concentration quenching of Er-related luminescence in Er-doped
GaN, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, (2010) 181901(1-3)
20. H. Zettergren, H.A.B. Johansson, H.T. Schmidt, J. Jensen, P. Hvelplund, S. Tomita, Y. Wang, F. Martin,
M. Alcami, B. Manil, L. Maunoury, B.A. Huber, and H. Cederquist, Magic and hot giant fullerenes
formed inside ion irradiated weakly bound C60 clusters, J. Chem. Phys. 133, (2010) 104301(1-4)
21. S. Tomita, M. Murakami, N. Sakamoto, S. Ishii, K. Sasa, T. Kaneko, and H. Kudo, Reduction in theenergy loss of 0.5 MeV/atom carbon cluster ions in thin carbon foils, Phys. Rev. A 82, (2010)
044901(1-4)
22. Masataka Ohkubo, Shigetomo Shiki, Masahiro Ukibe, Shigeo Tomita, Shigeo Hayakawa, Direct mass
analysis of neutral molecules by superconductivity, Int. J. Mass Spectrum. 299, (2011) 94-101
23. M. Minagawa, H. Yanagihara, K. Uwabo, Eiji Kita, K. Mibu, Composition shift as a function of
thickness in Fe3-δO4(001) epitaxial films, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49 080216-3 page (2010).
24. Eiji Kita, Tatsuya Oda, Takeru Kayano, Suguru Sato, Makoto Minagawa, Hideto Yanagihara,Mikio
Kishimoto, Chiharu Mitsumata, Shinji Hashimoto, Keiichi Yamada and Nobuhiro Ohkohchi,
Ferromagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia and thermoablation therapy, J. Phys. D: 43,
474011 - 9pages, (2010)
25. M. Minagawa, H. Yanagihara, M. Kishimoto, Synthesis of ε–FexN (2 ≤ x ≤ 3) submicron particles andthe diffusion mechanism of nitrogen atoms, Mater. Trans.: 51 No.12 2173-2176, (2010)
26. D. Sekiba, H. Yonemura, S. Ogura, M. Matsumoto, Y. Kitaoka, Y. Yokoyama, H. Matsuzaki, T.
Narusawa, K. Fukutani, Development of miro-beam NRA for hydrogen mapping: Observation of
fatigue-fractured surface of glassy alloys, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research
Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Volume 269 (2011) 627-631.
27. H. Yonemura, Y. Kitaoka, D. Sekiba, H. Matsuzaki, S. Ogura, M. Matsumoto, Y. Iwamura, T. Ito, T.
Nausawa, K. Fukutani, Depth profiling of hydrogen under an atmospheric pressure, Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,
Volume 269 (2011) 632-635.
28. K. Okada, S. Kohiki, S. Luo, A. Kohno, T. Tajiri, S. Ishii, D. Sekiba, M. Mitome, F. Shoji, Oxygenannealing for deuterium-doped indium tin oxide thin films, Physica Status Solidi A, 1-5 (2011)/DOI

52

10.1002/pssa.201026493.
29. K. Okada, S. Kohiki, S. Luo, D. Sekiba, S. Ishii, M. Mitome, A. Kohno, T. Tajiri, F. Shoji, Correlation
between resistivity and oxygen vacancy of hydrogen-doped indium thin oxide films, Thin Solid Films
619 (2011) 3557-4561.
30. S. Luo, S. Kohiki, K. Okada, A. Kohno, T. Tajiri, M. Arai, S. Ishii, D. Sekiba, M. Mitome, F. Shoji,
Effects of hydrogen in working gas on valence states of oxygen in sputter-deposited indium thin oxidethin films, Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2 (2010) 663-668.
31. J. Oh, T. Kondo, D. Hatake, Y. Iwasaki, Y. Honma, Y. Suda, D. Sekiba, H. Kudo, J. Nakamura,Significant reduction in adsorption energy of CO on platinum clusters on graphite, The Journal of
Physical Chemistry Letters, 1 (2010) 463-466.

ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
32. Yoshinori Iizuka, Hideki Miura, Shogo Iwasaki, Hideaki Maemoku, Takanobu Sawagaki, Ralf Greve,
Hiroshi Satake, Kimikazu Sasa and Yuki Matsushi, Evidence of past migration of the ice divide
between the Shirase and Sôya drainage basins derived from chemical characteristics of the marginal
ice in the Sôya drainage basin of East Antarctica, Journal of Glaciology, Volume 56, Number 197 , pp.
395-404, August 2010.
33. Yuki Matsushi, Tsuyoshi Hattanji, Sanae Akiyama, Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Keisuke
Sueki, and Yukinori Matsukura, Evolution of solution dolines inferred from cosmogenic 36Cl in calcite,
Geology, Vol.38, 11 1039-1042 (2010).
34. Yuki Tosaki, Norio Tase, Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, and Yasuo Nagashima, Estimation ofgroundwater

residence

time

using

the

36

Cl

bomb

pulse,

GroundWater,

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00795.x. (2011).
35. Yuki Tosaki, Norio Tase, Akihiko Kondoh, Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi and Yasuo Nagashima,
Distribution of 36Cl in the Yoro River Basin, Central Japan, and Its Relation to the Residence Time of
the Regional Groundwater Flow System, Water, 3, 64-78, 2011.

53

INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
36. Subash C.B. Gopinatha, Koichi Awazua, Makoto Fujimaki, Penmetcha K.R. Kumarb and Tetsuro
Komatsubara, Optimization of silica surface with nanosize holes for immobilization of biomolecules
and analysis of their interactions, Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 680, Issues 1-2, 8 November 2010,
Pages 72-78

54

6.2 International conferences

1. Kimikazu Sasa (Invited talk), Industrial use of accelerator facilities operated by research institutes inJapan, Joint Asian Accelerator Workshop 2010, Pohang, Korea, 29-30 Nov. 2010.
2. K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, Y. Nagashima, Y. Tosaki, N. Kinoshita, K. Sueki, H. Matsumura, K. Bessho, Y.
Matsushi, Accelerator mass spectrometry at the tsukuba 12 mv pelletron tandem accelerator, The first
International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC10), 23rd to 28th, May, 2010, Kyoto International
Conference Center (ICC Kyoto).
3. K. Sasa, Y. Matsushi, Y. Tosaki1, T. Takahashi, K. Sueki, N. Kinoshita, K. Kurosumi, T. Amano, J.
Kitagawa, K. Horiuchi, H. Matsuzaki and H. Motoyama, 36Cl profiles in the Dome Fuji ice coreduring the last deglaciation, The Twelfth International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry(AMS-12), Wellington, New Zealand at the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, (Te Papa)
on 20 – 25 March 2011.
4. K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, K. Sueki, N. Kinoshita, Y. Tosaki, Y. Matsushi, T. Amano, J. Kitagawa, K.
Kurosumi, M. Matsumura, S, Abe, Y, Nagashima, H. Matsumura, Progress on 36Cl AMS with the
12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator at the University of Tsukuba, The Twelfth International
Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS-12), Wellington, New Zealand at the Museumof New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, (Te Papa) on 20 – 25 March 2011.
5. K. Sueki, M. Tamari, T. Amano, J. Kitagawa, K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, Y. Matsushi, Y. Tosaki, K.
Kurosumi, Y. Nagashima, N. Kinoshita and H. Matsumura, Isotope ratios of 36Cl/Cl in surface soils at
the equal-latitude in Japan, The Twelfth International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry(AMS-12), Wellington, New Zealand at the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, (Te Papa)
on 20 – 25 March 2011.
6. J. Kitagawa, T. AmanO, K. Sueki, K. Sasa, T. Takahashi, N. Kinoshita, Y. Matsushi, H.Matsuzaki,
Intercomparison study with radionuclides 129I, 36Cl, and 137Cs in soils, The Twelfth International
Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS-12), Wellington, New Zealand at the Museumof New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, (Te Papa) on 20 – 25 March 2011.
7. Kazuna Kurosumi, Kimikazu Sasa, Keisuke Sueki, Tsutomu Takahashi, Norikazu Kinoshita, Takahiro
Amano, Junichi Kitagawa, Masumi Matsumura, Yuki Matsushi, Yuki Tosaki, Kazuho Horiuchi,
Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Hideaki Motoyama, A fluctuation of 36Cl depositional flux recorded in an
Antarctic ice core: implication to the enhanced cosmic-ray intensity around 11 ka, The Twelfth
International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS-12), Wellington, New Zealand at55

the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, (Te Papa) on 20 – 25 March 2011.
8. H. Tsuchida, S. Tomita, K. Nishimura, R. Murakoshi, M. Naitoh, K. Sasa, S. Ishii, and A. Itoh, Energy
distribution of MeV-energy atomic and diatomic carbon ions transmitted through a tapered glass
capillary, 24th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids (ICACS- 24), Kraków, Poland,
July 18-23, 2010.
9. H. Yanagihara, K. Uwabo and E. Kita, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CoFe2O4(001) films
epitaxially grown on MgO(001), 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,
November 14-18, 2010, Atlanta, USA.
10. M. Minagawa, H. Yanagihara, E. Kita, and M. Kishimoto, “Synthesis of γʼ-Fe4N particles by two-step
nitridation and the thermal activating processes, The 2nd International Symposium on Advanced
Magnetic Materials and Applications (ISAMMA 2010), (Sendai, Japan, July 12-16, 2010) RB-12.
11. Eiji Kita, Ferromagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia and thermoablation therapy(Invited),

The 7th International Conference on Fine Particle Magnetism (ICFPM-07), (Uppsala,Sweden, June 21-24, 2010).
12. D. Sekiba, Combinatorial PCT measurement of Mg-Ni hydrogen storage alloy by using ambient
micro-beam nuclear reaction analysis,

21st International Conference on the Application of

Accelerators in research & Industry (CAARI 2010), August 8-13, 2010, Fort Worth, Texas USA.
13. K. Setoodehnia, A.A. Chen, T. Komatsubara, S. Kubono, D.N. Binh, T. Hahshimoto, T. Hayakawa, Y.
Ishibashi. Y. Ito, D. Kahl, T. Moriguchi, H. Ooishi, A. Ozawa, T. Shizuma, Y. Sugiyama, H.
Yamaguchi, Study of astrophysically important resonant states in 30S using the 28Si(3He,nγ)30S reaction,
The 11th Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos, July 2010, Heidelberg.

56

7.

THESES

Ph. D. thesis
Makoto MINAGAWA

Study on the synthesis and formation process of nano-sized iron oxide andnitride magnetic materials with Mössbauer spectroscopy

Master’s theses
Takeru KAYANO

Development of novel magnetic materials for thermo-magnetic cancer
therapy

Takuro YOSHIKAWA

Electronic structure of antiferromagnetic FeO synthesized underhigh pressure

Yoko ISHIBASHI

Production of nuclear polarization of unstable nuclei by polarization transfer
reactions

Hiroto OOISHI

Measurements of interaction cross sections of Na isotopes in RIBF

Kazuki SATOU

Shape recognition of metal nano-films and nanoparticles and detection of(Waseda Univ.)

heavy metals using waveguide-mode sensors

Takahumi KATO

Basic research for development of optimal waveguide-mode sensors as(Waseda Univ.)high-sensitivity bio-sensors

Undergraduate theses
Satoshi ITO

Measurement of magnetic moment of isomer state of 24Al

Ryo NISHIKIORI

alpha-particle scattering from 12C in 30 MeV

Takahiro NIWA

Developments of solid Ne detectors for detection of RI beams

Toshiyuki YUASA

Angular distribution of γ rays on 26Si for astrophysical implication

57

Naotsugu TAKEMOTO

Hydrogen determination of a-C:H for solar cell studies by ion-beam analysis

Seigo MIZUNO

Observation of plating solution using waveguide-mode sensors(Waseda Univ.)

58

8.

SEMINARS2010
1 April

Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy and quark number scaling in Au Au 200GeV at RHIC
Yoshimasa Ikeda (Univ. of Tsukuba)

6 JulyOrigin of the elements gold and platinum - KISS project –Hiroari Miyatake (KEK)2011
12 JanProduction of nuclear polarization for unstable nuclei via nuclear polarization transfer
reaction
Yoko Ishibashi (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Measurement of interaction cross section of Na isotope at RIBF
Hiroto Ooishi (Univ. of Tsukuba)

24 JanResearch on the interaction of high pt particles with QGP using 2+1 correlation in 200GeV
Au+Au collisions at RHIC-PHENIX
Toshimasa Takeuchi (Univ. of Tsukuba)

59

9.

LIST OF PERSONNEL

Tandem Accelerator Complex
E. Kita

Director, Professor

K. Sasa

Assistant Professor

T. Komatsubara

Assistant Professor

D. Sekiba

Assistant Professor

S. Ishii

Mechanical Engineer

H. KimuraComputer Engineer

H. Oshima

Electric Engineer

Y. Tajima

Mechanical Engineer

T. Takahashi

Electric Engineer

Y. YamatoElectric Engineer

N. Kinoshita

Research Fellow

Y. Tagishi

Research Supporter

K. Iitake

Administrative Stuff

S. AbeAdministrative Stuff

Research Members1
Inst. of Physics
T. Komatsubara

I. Arai

K. Sasa

H. Suzuki

D. Nagae

A. Ozawa

Inst. of Applied Physics
S. AokiK. Akimoto

E. KitaT. Suemasu

S. Tomita

A. Uedono

H. Yanagihara

D. SekibaInst. of Materials Science
T. KondoInst. of Engineering Mechanics and Systems
K. Matsuuchi

1

The “research members” include the authors and coauthors within 5 years back from this fiscal year, as well as themembers of research projects running at UTTAC.

60

Inst. of Geoscience
M. Kurosawa

N. TaseInst. of Chemistry
K. Sueki
Staff of Open Advanced Facilities Initiative
H. Naramoto

H. KudoH. ShenM. Matsumura

K. Yamaguchi

Y. ItoH. Muromachi
Graduate students
Doctoral Programs of Pure and Applied Science
M. Minagawa

T. Moriguchi

Master’s Programs of Pure and Applied Science
K. OdaY. Ishibashi

H. Ooishi

K. Yokoyama

Y. AbeK. Okumura

S. Fukuoka

S. Nakamura

T. KayanoS. SatoT. Yoshikawa

T. Amano

J. Kitagawa

K. Kurozumi

T. Nishimura

K. Harada

K. ItoK. Kurita

Y. Watahiki

Y. Sakaoka

H. Tanikawa

S. Tamura

Y. Narita

S. ItoR. Nishikiori

T. Niwa

T. Yuasa

D. Isaka

N. Takemoto

S. Harada

N. Saito

S. Funada

M. IuraYing-Shee Wong

K. Kawase

Undergraduates

61

Scientific Gutests and Fellows
K. Awazu

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

M. Fujimaki

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

K. Nomura

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

T. KatoWaseda Univ.

K. SatoWaseda Univ.

A. IzakiWaseda Univ.

A. Yoshida

Waseda Univ.

S. Mizuno

Waseda Univ.

T. Hayakawa

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Y. OuraTokyo Metropolitan Univ.

Y. Hamanaka

Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.

Y. Sasaki

Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.

S. Yamazaki

Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.

S. KubonoCenter for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo

S. Cherbini

Catania Univ.

A. A. Chen

McMaster Univ.

K. Setoodehnia

McMaster Univ.

J. Chen

McMaster Univ.

H. Tsuchida

Kyoto Univ.

K. Nishimura

Kyoto Univ.

R. Murakoshi

Kyoto Univ.

T. Nagatomo

International Christian Univ.

Y. Hirose

Univ. of Tokyo

S. Mohri

Univ. of Tokyo

D. OkaUniv. of Tokyo

Y. Tosaki

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

K. Sagara

Kyushu Univ.

S. Kuroita

Kyushu Univ.

T. YabeKyushu Univ.

K. Ishibashi

Kyushu Univ.

T. Tamura

Kyushu Univ.

M. Okamoto

Kyushu Univ.

Y. Maeda

Miyazaki Univ.

A. S. Demyanova

Kurchatov Institute, Russia

A. N. Danilov

Kurchatov Institute, Russia

A. A. Ogloblin

Kurchatov Institute, Russia

N. Saduev

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kazakhstan

62