WS7-Th-2
Current global status of transition to lower
GWP alternatives by laws and regulations

Laws and Regulation for
Fluorocarbons in Japan

Atsuhiro MENO
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan (METI)

20 Aug. 2015, Tokyo
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CONTENTS
1. Current situation of Fluorocarbons
2. Necessary measures to reduce emissionof HFCs
3. Comprehensive measures for reducing
high GWP HFCs in newly revised law
4. Labelling and voluntary plan
5. Developing technologies
6. More2

1. Current situation of Fluorocarbons

3

The universal issues to be addressed proactivelyProgress of international regulations and measures over F-gases
Depleting theozone layer

Serious impact
on globalwarming

Non depletionof the ozonelayer

CFC, HCFC
Ｆ

CFC-12・0DP=1.0・GWP=10,900ＣｌＦ
ＣＦＨＦＣＦ
Ｈ

CO2

HFC-134a・0DP=0・GWP=1,430

Substitutes
Ｈ Ｈ
ＣＦ
Ｆ

Ｈ

Ｆ

HCFC-22・0DP=0.055
・GWP=1,810

HFC-32＋ Ｆ

HFC-410a・0DP=0・GWP=2,090

ＣＦＦＣＦ
Ｆ

（HFC-32とHFC125の混合ガス）

Protection of Ozone Layer
・Montreal Protocol・Vienna Convention

NH3HCBlend

A projection ofincreasing amountof HFCs emissions

Prevention of Global Warming
・Kyoto Protocol
・UNFCCCAir
HFOＣｌ
HFC-125 Ｈ

Non or light
impacton global
warningLower GWP HFC
Natural Refrigerant

Substitutes
Ｆ Ｃ

Non depletionof the ozonelayer

HFCＣｌ
Ｆ Ｃ

Serious impact
on global
warming

・Proposed Amendment
to the Montreal Protocol

New Measures Needed4

Ozone Layer Protection Law and its achievements
Scheme of the Law
Regulated substances
All ODSs under the Montreal Protocol
Production control
Production License
Trade control (Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law)
(1) Export license - preventing export to non-parties(2) Import license (Import Quota System)

CFC Phase-out accomplished in 1996.
HCFC Phase-out will be accomplished in 2020.
The progress to reduce consumption of HCFC.
4,000（ODP t ）「Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion
2014」 Published by the UNEP & WMO

CFC Reduction Steps forNon-A5 parties

3,500

3,000
Actual Result of Import and Production (exc. Export)

2,500“The Earth’s protective ozone layer is on track
to recover by the middle of the century”(10.Sep.2014)

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

02004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

（year）

52. Necessary measures to reduce
emission of HFCs

6

Projected increase of Fluorocarbons emissions
in refrigeration & air conditioning sector（mil. t-CO2）

Base year level(51mil.t-CO2)
Disposal

Consumption

Production

Target of Kyoto Protocol(31mil.t-CO2)
Average Emission(24mil.t-CO2)

Industrial VoluntaryAction Plans
Increasing

The first commitment
period of Kyoto Protocol

Emission ofHFC
refrigerants
from AC &refrigerators

7

Possible target of designated products and equipment using
fluorocarbons（HFC emission）（HFC stock amount）

Ratio of fluorocarbon emissions from whole products life cycle
including manufacturing, usage and destruction (2012)

Ratio of fluorocarbon amount used in products underoperation (2012)

Aerosol, 1.0%

Dust blower（includinggases used forplay guns）,
0.3%
Foam・
insulation, 9.6%

Foam/insulation,
7.1%
Building PAC,
12.4%
Store PAC, 6.9%

Building PAC,
15.4%

Separateshowcase（Condensingunit）, 9.4%

Store PAC, 7.6%
Separateshowcases（Condensingunit）, 26.9%

27,738,000 t -CO2(2012)

Room Airconditioning,
18.1%

418,450,000 tt-CO2(2012)

Room Airconditioning,33.6%

Mobile Air
conditioning,
9.9%

Mobile Air
conditioning,9.6%

Source： inventory report of green house gases by METI
※Based on GWP values for the second commitment period - Kyoto Protocol※Subject to change depending on considered categories of designated products.

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3. Comprehensive measures forreducing high GWP HFCs in newly
revised law

9Direction of the measures on fluorocarbons (HFCs)
Concerns
1. Prospective rapid increase ofHFC emission
2. Significant leakage during
operation
3. Low rate of recovery
4. Technical development andcommercialization of low-GWP/
non-fluorocarbon products
5. Global movement ofstrengthening the regulations on
high-GWP fluorocarbons

Measures
Comprehensive measures required over the life cyclefrom production of fluorocarbons to disposal
in addition to recovery/disposal under current law

１．Phase-downof fluorocarbons （measures by gas
１．
makers））
２． Promotion of low-GWP/non-fluorocarbon
products or equipment (conversion bymanufacturers
３．Preventing
fluorocarbons from leaking out of
３．
commercial air-conditioning and refrigeration inuse (management by users)
４．Fillingby registered operators and recycling by４．
licensed operators
etc.
Revised law enforcement （April 2015））10

Newly Revised Law Covers whole Life Cycle
Launched from April 2015
Target 43.4 mil-tCO2 (2020), 36.5 mil-tCO2 (2025)(1) Phase-down HFCs

(2) Promote low GWP products
Refrigerator

Air conditioner

Products withalternatives

Low GWP HFCs
Natural Refrigerant
Insulators

Manufacturersof HFCs

Users ofproducts

Dust blowers

HFCs

Manufacturers of products
containing HFCs

Approvedrecyclers

Supermarkets

Periodicalcheck
Promotion ofrecycling

Maintenance
Report ofleakage(3) Prevent leakage
from commercial
equipment
Approved
destructors

Registered re-fillers/
recovery operators

Scope of previous Law

11Measures for conducting HFCs phase-down
The government published a “target ” with a guideline for manufacturers andimporters of fluorocarbon gases on preparing and implementing an “HFCs phasedown program” reflecting the national target. Target ; 43.4 mil-tCO2 (2020), 36.5
mil-tCO2 (2025)
Manufacturers and Importers are required to conduct “HFCs phase-down programs”
and report to the government on the development and production of lower GWP gases
considering safety, energy efficiency, economic affordability etc.
The government will evaluate the reports from manufacturers and importers withsupport of a council and publish an annual report. If necessary, the government will
require them to amend/ improve their programs.
Refrigerator

Air conditioning

Programs
to promote
alternatives.

Marketusers

Manufactures of products containing HFCs

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Measures to promote low-GWP/non-fluorocarbons indesignated products and equipment
Manufacturers and importers of products and equipment will be required
to replace high-GWP products with low-GWP or non-fluorocarbons for shipping,considering safety, energy efficiency, economic affordability etc.
(Example) Air conditioning
Designated products
Index related to environmental impact

High-GWP

・Refrigerants GWP= A
・Volume of shipment A

To reduce climate impact by converting to thelowest GWP among the designated products
・ Refrigerants GWP ⇒Low-GWP/non-fluorocarbon
・ Volume of shipment E unit
Evaluateaccomplishments foreach productcategory(weighted average)
・ Refrigerants GWP ⇒Low-GWP/non-fluorocarbon
・ Volume of shipment F unit

Target value

Low-GWP

Base year

Target year13

Target value and year for each designated productCurrent refrigerant (GWP)

Target value(GWP)

Target year

Room air conditioning

R410A(2090)
R32(675)

７５０２０１８

Commercial air conditioning(for offices and stores)

R410A(2090)

７５０

２０２０

Condensing unit and refrigerating unit
(for separate type showcases, etc.)

R404A(3920)
R410A(2090)
R407C(1774)
CO2(1)

１５００

２０２５

Cold storage warehouses（for more than 50,000 ㎥）

R404A(3920)
Ammonia (single digit)

１００２０１９

Mobile air conditioning

R134a(1430)

１５０２０２３Urethane foam
(house construction materials)

HFC-245fa(1030)
HFC-365mfc(795)

１００

２０２０

Dust blowers

HFC-134a(1430)
HFC-152a(124)
CO2(1), DME(1)１０２０１９Designated products ※※ With some exceptions.

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Proper management by users with periodical checks
and professional repair/refilling
To prevent leakage, users are required to conduct periodical checks, to arrange for
immediate repairs in case of leakage, and are prohibited from refilling without making
repairs. Users are requested to maintain records and report cases of massive leakage

usersGovernment

Reportingleakage
amount over1,000 tons
annually

Record“ log book ”
Type/amount of refrigeration used
Disclose
Reports on maintenance including periodical
checks & repair record, date & time, result
etc.

Repair/refilling

Explain cause of malfunction whenleakage is identified.

Maintenance operators( registered fillers & recovery operators)

Call a service immediately
to arrange repair/refill
as soon as leakage is found.

Periodical
check

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Promoting adequate use and recycling
In-useleakage&at disposal
Users are prohibited fromusing unregistered re-fillers/
recovery operators for refilling / disposal.

Refill or recycle
Registered re-fillers/
recovery operators

F-gas factory

Approved recyclers

Registered re-fillers/recovery
operators are obliged to delivercollected fluorocarbons toregistered recyclers or destructors
or refill or recycle for users .

Approved destructors

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4. Labeling and voluntary plan17

Indications and labeling for the designated products, etc.
PurposeTo promote designated products using lower-GWP/ natural refrigerants
Labeling JIS can help users to understand environmental impact of the refrigerants in the products easily

Objective

Besides designated products, labeling showcase itself, so that consumers can recognize labelingin supermarkets , etc.

Included
Items①Display “non-F- gas using” or degree of achievement in relation to the target GWP value②target year and target GWP value③GWP value of the refrigerant used in the products

Location ofOn the products themselves and catalogs, etc.
labeling
Regulated indicationon the designated products

Labeling JIS
In the catalogs, etc.

SELECTby users
Lower- GWP＋GWP

PROMOTION

NaturalrefrigerantShowcases are not currently categorized as designated products,but labels can be affixed to showcases.

18Industrial Voluntary Action Plan for F-gases
Previous Plan (1995～2012)
18 industrial organizations strove and succeeded in achieving
the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol.

New Plan (2013～2030)
14 industrial organizations are working
14 organizations
on new measures to achieve the new ・Japan Fluorocarbon Manufacturers Association (JFMA)
・Japan Chemical Industry Association (JCIA)
targets for 2020, 2025 & 2030.
・Japan Urethane Foam Association (JUFA)
・Aerosol Industry Association of Japan (AIAJ)
10 industrial organizations have
・The Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’
voluntarily set more ambitious targets Association of Japan (FPMAJ)・Air Soft Gun Kyoukai (ASGK)
than their previous plans for the Kyoto ・The Japan Refrigeration and Air conditioning Industry
Association (JRAIA)
Protocol.
・Japan Association of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
New Measures◆Prevention of emissions in themanufacturing process◆Conversion from F-gases to naturalrefrigerants◆Technology transfers, etc.

Contractors (JARAC)・Japan Vending Machine Manufacturers Association(JVMA)
・Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc. (JAMA)
・Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries
Association (JEITA)
・The Japan Electrical Manufacturers’ Association (JEMA)
・The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan・The Japan Magnesium Association(In no particular order)19

5. Developing technologies

20Funding scheme for promoting Lower GWP alternatives
including Natural Refrigerant Products.
Accelerating R&D (by NEDO)
Technology Development of High-Efficiency
Non-Fluorinated Air Conditioning Systems(2011-2015)(Government budget in 2015: 280million JPY)

Technologies for non-F-gas productsTechnologies to reduce F-gas emissions
in the factory process

New Lower GWP Refrigerant

Industrial Voluntary Action Plans.
(main factor to decrease in emissions)・decrease in HFC-23 produced as a by-product of HCFC-22
manufacturers
・decrease in PFCs emission from cleaning agents and solvents
due to the use of alternatives
・decrease in SF6 emission from electric equipment due togas management systems,
etc.

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6. More22

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