SAS STATISTICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEM FOR WAT 2014
Rui Wang, Xu Yang and Yan Gao
SAS Institute Inc, Beijing, China

Introduction
This paper describes the machine translation system employed
by SAS Institute Inc in the 1st Workshop on Asian Translation.
We participate in two subtasks in this year’s WAT:
Chinese to Japanese;
English to Japanese.
The sentence structure of Japanese is different with that ofEnglish/Chinese. Japanese is typically a Subject-Object-Verb(SOV) language while Chinese and English are Subject-VerbObject (SVO) languages, as illustrated in the following Figure.
Japanese： 私は 日本語 を好きです 。
( I ) (Japanese) (like) (.)
SOVEnglish：English： IISSlikelikeVVJapaneseJapanese ..
OO

Chinese：喜欢(like)V日语 。
(Japanese) (.)
O我(I)SExperiments

Syntactic Reordering Approaches
1.Chinese to Japanese reordering rules
VP-rule: VP (VV AS (XXX)) →VP ( (XXX) VV AS)
to move the verb (VV) and the auxiliary word (AS) behind VV to the end of the verb phrase (VP)
(IP (NP (NR 本文 (this paper) ))(VP (VV 汇总 (summarize) )(AS 了)(NP (NP (CP (IP (VP (NP (NT 目前 (current) ))(IP (NP (NR 本文 (this paper)(VP)) (VRD (VV 查) (VV 到) (found) ))))(VP (VV 汇总 (summarize)) ))(DEC 的 (of)(AS 了)(NP (NN 影响 (influence) )))(NP (NP(IP (and)(VP (NP) (NT 目前 (current) ))以及(CC(CP(VRD(VV 到))) (found) ))))
(future)今后查)(NT (VV(NP(NP (CP (IP (VP(VP(DEC 的 (of)(VP))(VV 预测 (predicted) ))))
(NP(NN的影响)))))(of) (influence)(DEC(CC 以及)(influence) )))))(NN 影响
(NP(and)(NP (CP (IP (VP (NP (NT 今后 (future) ))(PU 。))(VP (VV 预测 (predicted) )))))) 以及 今后 预测 的 影响 。
影响的 (of)查到 的
本文 汇总 了 目前 (DEC(NP (NN 影响 (influence) )))))(PU 。))
時点 で 検出されて いる 影響 および 今後 予測さ れる 影響 を まとめた 。
本文 汇总 了目前 查到 的 影响 以及(a) Original今后 预测 的 影响 。

1. Effect of the segmentation tool of SAS® TextMiner(IPpaper) ))))
(this paper)
本文 (this(NR 本文(NP (NR(IP (NP(VP(current) ))))
目前 (current)(NT 目前(NP (NT(VP (NP(IP (VP(CP (IP(NP (CP(NP (NP(VP (NP(VP))))(found) ))))到) (found)(VV 到)查) (VV(VV 查)(VRD (VV(VP (VRD(DEC(of) ))))的 (of)(DEC 的(IPpaper))))) (influence)(NN(NP(IP (NP(NP (NR(NR 本文
本文 (this(thispaper))))(influence) )))影响(NN 影响
(NP(VP(IP(VP)) (NT以及(CC(VP (NP(NP (NP(NP(CP(IP(and)(VP (NP(NP(NT 目前
目前 (current)(current) ))))(and)以及(CC(CP(VV(VV)))) (found)(future)(NT(NP(NP(VP(VRD(VV 查)查)(VV 到)到)(found) ))))))))(future)今后(NT 今后(NP(VRD(VP(VP(IP (VP(CP (IP(NP (CP(DEC(of)))(DEC 的的 (VP(of)(VV)) 预测))))(predicted) ))))
预测 (predicted)(VV(VP(NP(NN(NP(NN影响(influence) ))))))(of)的(DEC(of) ))))(influence)
的影响
(DEC(CC(and))) (influence)(CC 以及以及(and)影响(NP)))))(influence) )))))影响
(NN(NP (NN(CP(IP(NP(CP(IP (VP(VP (NP(NP )(NT今后 (future)(future) ))))
(summarize)
汇总(VV)(NT 今后(summarize)
汇总(VV(NP(VP(VP (VV(VV 预测预测 (predicted)(predicted) ))))))))(AS了)(AS 了)(DEC(DEC 的的 (of)(of) ))))(PU。))(PU 。))(NP(NP (NN(NN 影响影响 (influence)(influence) ))))))))))(VV(summarize)(VV 汇总汇总
(summarize)
的
查到
本文。
汇总了 。
影响 汇总了的 影响
预测 的今后 预测以及 今后影响)) 以及的 影响
查到
目前
本文 目前
(AS(AS 了)了)(PU(PU 。))。))
時点。
まとめた 。
を まとめた
影響 をれる 影響
予測さ れる
今後 予測さおよび 今後
影響 およびいる 影響
検出されて いるで 検出されて時点 でBaseline (phrase-based model provided by the organizer) :Japanese: Juman segmentation tool
Chinese: Stanford Word Segmenter
SAS segmentation:SAS segmentation tool of SAS® Text Miner for Chineseand Japanese.

Phrase-based model [Koehn, et.al 2003]translate phrases as units; "Standard Model" used by Google Translate
Limited capacity for long distance reordering.

Syntax-based models [Liu et al., 2006]
Forest-based models [Mi et al., 2008]


Improve the translation
System is complex and time consuming during decoding

以及(a) 本文
本文 目前目前 查到查到 的的(b)影响影响
以及 今后今后 预测预测 的的 影响影响Reordered汇总了汇总了 。
。

Syntactic reordering approaches

Effectively improve the translation results

System Architecture(NP (NN 修改 (modify) ))))(VP (VV 进行 (process) )(NP (NN 方针 (policy) ))(DEC 的)) 选址法 进行 方针 的 修改
根据 大型 零售商店(NP (NN 修改 (modify) ))))))(process)进行(VV(process)进行(VV(NN(VP(NP方针(policy)(VP (NP (NN 方针 (policy) ))))
(DEC(DEC 的))的))(NP (NN(modify)))))(NN 修改修改(modify)
方针根据大型进行修改 进行的 修改方针))))的根据选址法零售商店(NP选址法大型 零售商店
(VV(VV 进行进行 (process)(process) ))大規模 小売店舗 立地法 に 基づく 指針 の 改定 に ついて根据 大型 零售商店 选址法 进行 方针 的 修改

大規模ついてに ついて改定 にの 改定
指針 の基づく 指針に 基づく立地法 に小売店舗 立地法
大規模 小売店舗大型零售商店
选址法
根据方针
的修改
进行大型 零售商店 选址法 根据 方针 的 修改 进行

大規模 小売店舗 立地法 に 基づく 指針 の 改定 に ついて

BLEU RIBES
Baseline
34.86 0.769962
Baseline+VP
36.19 0.826146
Baseline+PP
36.30 0.815694
Baseline+PP+VP
36.40 0.826015
Hierarchical
36.06 0.814207
Hierarchical+PP+VP 37.38 0.830909

3. English to Japanese translation
Baseline (phrase-based model provided by the organizer)
We gain 3.13 in BLEU scores compared with the baseline.

BLEUBaseline
28.52
Baseline+reorder
31.09
Hierarchical31.23
Hierarchical+reorder 31.65

大規模大規模 小売店舗
小売店舗 立地法
立地法 にに 基づく基づく 指針
指針 のの 改定
改定 にに ついてついて(b) Reordered(b)

2. English to Japanese reordering rules
Reordering rule: Head Finalization [Isozaki 2010]
Move syntactic heads to the end of the corresponding syntactic constituents.
Use dependency parser: ENJU Parser (developed by University of Tokyo )*C0C0*C1
C1C0C0C2C2C4C4Conclusion:
C2C2*C4
C4RIBES0.690350
0.765005
0.743135
0.767323

Conclusion & Future Work

*C1
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C3

35.31 0.809631

Baseline (phrase-based model provided by the organizer)
We gain 2.07 in BLEU scores compared with the baseline.

(b)(a) Original

SAS segmentation

2. Chinese to Japanese translation

The statistic machine translation between Japanese and the
いる 影響 および 今後 予測さ れる 影響 を まとめた 。
時点
時点 でで 検出されて検出されて いるいる 影響
影響 およびおよび 今後
今後 予測さ予測さ れるれる 影響
影響 をを まとめたまとめた 。
。
SVO language is particularly difficult because of the long dis- 時点 で 検出されて(IPon) )(based根据(P(IP (VP (PP (PPP(large) ))))
大型 (large)(JJ 大型(ADJP (JJ(NP (ADJP(PP (NP(VP (PP(IP (VP
PP-rule:(XXX))→ PP ((XXX) P)(a)tance difference of word orders. We propose a simple syntactic(NP(NP (ADJP (JJ 大型 (large) ))(shop) ))商店 (shop)(NN 商店(retail) )) (NN零售 (retail)(NN 零售(NP (NNto move P (NPto (NNthe零售
endof )PP.商店 (shop) )(NN(NN(retail)))))method) ))))
(locating method)选址法 (locating(NN 选址法
reordering approach to transform Chinese/English into SVO(P(NN 选址法 (locating method) ))))on) ))(based on)
根据 (based(P 根据(IP (VP (PP (P 根据 (based on) )(IP(IP (VP(VP (PP(PP (NP(NP (ADJP(ADJP (JJ(JJ 大型大型 (large)(large) ))))
languages.
(VP(VP (VV 进行 (process) )(policy) ))))方针 (policy)(NN 方针(NP (NN(VP (NP(NP (ADJP (JJ 大型 (large) ))(NP(NN零售(NP (NN 零售 (retail)(retail) )) (NN(NN 商店
商店 (shop)(shop) ))的))(DEC(NP (NN 方针 (policy) ))In addition, we apply the segmentation tool in SAS® Text的)) (locating method) ))))
(DEC(NP (NN 零售 (retail) ) (NN 商店 (shop) )(NN选址法(NN 选址法 (locating method) ))))))))(modify)
修改(NN(NP的))(DEC))))(modify)
修改(NN(NPMiner to the corpus and obtain improvement of the translation.
(NN 选址法 (locating method) ))))
(P(P 根据根据 (based(based on)on) ))Background

Baseline

BLEU RIBES
34.86 0.769962

Introduce the system architecture of SAS at WAT 2014;
Describe the reordering approaches in detail;Show experiments results to illustrate the effect of our system.

**C3



C5C5C6C6C5C5C6C6Future work:

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T4
T4

T1
T1

T3
T3

T4
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T2

I

love

thechildren

Ithechildrenlove





私は

子供 を(a) Original

愛していま(a) Original sentence

す

私は子供 を愛していま(b) Reordered(b) Reordered sentenceすConsider Japanese Case Marker in the translation;
Add more reordering rules on Chinese to Japanese translation;
Attend the work to English to Chinese translation.