THE PROBATION SERVICE IN SINGAPORE
Chomil Kamal*

I. INTRODUCTION
Probation is a community-based rehabilitation programme for offenders. It offers the courts with analternative sentencing option in dealing with offenders who may otherwise be committed to a juvenile
correctional facility or prison. Under the law, probation orders can be anything from six months to three
years.
During the probation period, the offender is placed under the supervision and personal care of a Probation
Officer (PO). The probation order makes it obligatory for an offender to report regularly to his/her Probation
Officer, comply with conditions of the Probation Order and participate in programmes formulated for him/her.
For offenders below 18 years of age, the families are invariably involved in the rehabilitation programme aspart of a holistic approach to bringing about a positive change in the probationer’s life.

II. MISSION & VISION
We aim to effectively rehabilitate offenders on community-based orders with maximum participation of
their families and the community so they may be reintegrated into mainstream society as socially
responsible and law abiding individuals.
In the long term, we envision the development and implementation of a probation service delivery modelthat goes beyond mere administration of probation towards proactive and strategic delivery of rehabilitative
services, using empirically based approaches to offender assessment, supervision and programming.

III. LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Probation in Singapore initially derived its mandate from the Children and Young Persons Act, CYPA
(1950). The Act provides for the constitution of a juvenile court and a juvenile probation service. Section 44
Sub-section (1), (e) of the Children and Young Persons Act (CYPA) Cap 38 states:“Where a Juvenile Court is satisfied that an offence has been proved, or where the child or young person(below the age of 16 years) admits the facts constituting the offence, the Court shall, have power….to makea probation order requiring the offender to be under the supervision of a probation officer or a volunteer
probation officer for a period of not less than 6 months and not more than 3 years.”
The CYPA further specifies that:“Every court in dealing with a child or young person who is brought before it, either as being in need ofcare or protection, or as an offender or otherwise, shall have regard to the welfare of the child or young
person and shall in a proper case take steps for removing him from undesirable surroundings, and for
securing that proper provision is made for his education and training.”(Section 28 Children & Young Persons Act)
It was only in 1951, when the Probation of Offenders’ Ordinance was passed, that probation became an
option for dealing with offenders above 16 years of age. This Act was later revised in 1970 and then again in
1985. The Probation of Offenders Act, provides for the Courts to make:“A probation order ..... for securing the good conduct of the offender or for preventing a repetition by himof the same offence or the commission of other offences”. (Section 5(2) Probation of Offenders Act)* Deputy Director & Chief Probation Officer, Ministry of Community Development and Sports.

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In line with this broad legislative injunction, Probation Officers strive to guide, assist and supervise
offenders to ensure they comply with their probation requirements, receive appropriate and timely
intervention and support (e.g. casework and counselling, risks/needs-based programming) and that theysteer away from future offending. A conscious effort is made to achieve a fine balance between giving regard
to the offender’s need for rehabilitation, accountability for her/his offending behaviour, and the risks he/sheposes to public safety. The same philosophy governs the treatment of both juvenile and adult offenders on
probation.
In 2001, the Children and Young Persons Act was revised to give the Juvenile Court a wider range oforder options to deal with the individual risks/needs issues of probationers and their families. Section 44 of
the amended Act provides for:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Probation with detention at an approved home not exceeding 6 months;
Probation with weekend detention at an approved institution (not exceeding 52 weeks);
Probation with periodic training;
Weekend detention order to be administered on its own; andCommunity service order to be administered on its own; andMandatory orders for parents to attend counselling or other programmes

Besides the Probation of Offenders Act and the CYPA, the administration of probation in Singapore is also
influenced by the following statutes, human rights instruments and best practices in working withinvoluntary clients:a) Women’s Charterb) Intoxicating Substances Actc) Misuse of Drugs Actd) Convention on the Rights of the Childe) National Standards for the Probation of Offenders and their Rehabilitation in the Community, 2000f) The UN Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial Measures (Tokyo Rules, 1990)

IV. PHILOSOPHY, VALUES, BELIEFS & PRINCIPLESWe believe:a) every offender has a capacity to change and grow if given the opportunity, support, goodwill andunderstanding;b) our officers need to be developed and supported to be competent and innovative individuals/teams;c) a culture of continual learning and work improvement is necessary if probation is to remain viable;d) mutually beneficial partnerships can and will garner support for and wider acceptance of community
sanctions from the community and criminal justice agencies.
The following values, beliefs and principles inform and influence our programmes and services:a) institutionalisation must be a last resort;b) the family is the bedrock of our society and to that extent, needs to be preserved or strengthened toprovide and care for its members, and take ownership and accountability for bringing about thedesired changes when members go astray;c) each offender has to be helped to own his/her actions and be empowered to exercise self-help in the
rehabilitation process;d) the many helping hands of the community are vital in bringing about a continuum of care and control,and in supporting offenders in the community;e) transparency of service and safeguarding due process in the treatment of mandated clients.

V. FRAMEWORK FOR COMMUNITY-BASED REHABILITATION
In attempting to break the cycle of crime and social dysfunctioning, the probation practice in Singapore
draws on a “Strengthen Families, Engage Community” framework. We put high premiums on an active
engagement of the offender’s family (or in certain cases, significant person(s) with whom the offender bonds
emotionally), and community involvement in the restoration and social reintegration of offenders on
probation supervision.
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supervising Probation Officers, our key thrust is on inculcating personal discipline and a sense of
responsibility in the offender. Depending on the nature of the offence, needs and risks of the offender andintensity of intervention required, programmes for probationers centre on the following issues/areas, known
to have an impact in reducing re-offending:a) pro-criminal thinkingb) substance abusec) sexual devianced) self and anger managemente) educational developmentf ) work and trainingg) sports and recreationh) relationship issuesi) absence of a fixed place of residencyj) spiritual and moral persuasions according to the offender’s individual affiliation.

VI. CORPORATE OBJECTIVES
The following 3 corporate objectives drive the performance of the Probation Service in Singapore:
1. provide quality and timely advice to the Courts and through effective case management, assist
probationers to comply with court orders and minimise re-offending;
2. encourage and facilitate maximum community involvement in delivering effective services andprogrammes to offenders and juveniles at risk of re-offending; and3. strategically plan and efficiently manage resources to produce results in a work environment which
are safe, equitable and focused on best practices.

Strategies
To achieve these, the following strategies were mapped out:a) continually develop and deliver strong research-based programmes;b) harness IT to reap greater effectiveness and efficiency in training and work processes;c) forge strong partnerships to provide a continuum of care and services to meet individualised needsof offenders and their families;d) improve management processes and systems particularly in quality management and best practices;e) strengthen competencies of staff and key partners in community-based rehabilitation;f ) enhance public understanding on how strong rehabilitation programmes help reintegrate
probationers and improve public safety;g) develop culture-specific interventions;h) as much as possible, involve children and youth in policies and programmes which affect them.
VII. PERFORMANCE MEASURESWe measure the success of our probation service by the rates of successful completion of court orders by
probationers and re-offending after probation. Monitoring of conduct after probation spans up to 3 years after
the expiry of each court order.
As a measure of commitment to the use of non-custodial measures in dealing with offenders, theProbation Service also monitors the probation placement rate of all pre-sentence investigation cases andwork towards the reduction of offenders in custody through diagnostic assessments and creative caseplanning and management.

VIII. NATIONAL STANDARDS
To reap maximum benefits of partnerships with families and the community, the probation of offenders
and their rehabilitation in the community must be made transparent to all parties, especially to theprobationer and his/her family. A significant milestone was crossed in August 2001 when the Probation
Service publicly committed itself to a set of service standards aimed at securing transparency and public
accountability in the execution of probation investigation and supervision. “The National Standards for the
Probation of Offenders and their Rehabilitation in the Community”, which was launched in partnership with
the Subordinate Courts of Singapore, provide a clear framework and concrete guidelines for various aspects
of probation work, including time frames for work to be done, procedures, and the proper notification of

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parties involved at different stages of the youth/criminal justice process. It is available to the public andgiven out to every new person who enters the system

IX. INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATION
In 2003, the Probation Service received ISO certification from a UK-based certification body, as anorganisation which is committed to service excellence in 6 core areas of probation work. Drawing inspirationfrom this, a group of VPOs, the Operation Night Watch Team, that specialises in planning and mounting
curfew checks, took on the challenge of documenting the procedures and work processes involved in curfew
check operations. They are currently waiting to be audited for certification.

X. STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATIONThe Probation Service is one of 3 operational arms of the Rehabilitation and Protection Division of the
Ministry of Community Development and Sports, Singapore. The organization chart is at Appendix A. The 3
operational arms and 2 support units of the Division work closely to reap synergic partnerships and aseamless service for the benefit of children, youths and families in the system.
Staff establishment of the Probation Service stands at 80 personnel; 12 corporate support personnel and
60 Probation Officers to take on the core elements of probation work. These 60 officers are organized into 5
operations teams. The remaining 8 staff members assume a dual role – besides taking a smaller
investigation and supervision load, they also perform specialist’s duties such as conceptualizing andpromoting creative concepts of inter sector/agency partnerships to bring in new resources and opportunities
for persons on community-based rehabilitation. Appendix B outlines the teams’ roles and functions. The
current organizational set-up was introduced in 2000 to position the Probation Service in a proactive stanceamidst the rapid changes in the probation population and the complexities that were becoming apparent.
The Probation Committee headed by the Chief Justice, or his representative, oversees the work ofProbation Officers and Volunteer Probation Officers (VPOs). This Committee is supported by 2 Case
Committees namely the Juvenile and Adult Probation Case Committees, and their primary tasks are toreview the progress of persons on probation and set procedural guidelines to ensure due process in thetreatment of offenders on non-custodial sanctions. This is in addition to the monitoring mechanisms at
departmental level e.g. case conferencing, one-on-one supervision which every Probation Officer is entitled
to, and a computerized case management system which prompts action and flags irregularities in caseworkor court procedures in the management of each probationer.
Clinical intervention, therapies and forensics are undertaken by the Psychological Services Unit. The
PSU also supports the Probation Service by developing or conducting research-based programmes toaddress emerging needs and issues of probationers. The Theft Prevention Programme (TIP) for chronic
theft cases, Violence Prevention Programme (VPP) for those prone to violent and aggressive behaviour, as
well as the Positive Adolescents Sexuality Treatment (PAST) are some examples of PSU’s response to new
trends and rehabilitative needs.

XI. PRE-SENTENCE REPORTS
In Singapore, Pre-Sentence Reports (PSRs) are prepared by Probation Officers or gazetted Volunteer
Probation Officers. A PSR provides a comprehensive profile of the offender, obtained mainly from interviews
with the offender and his/her family or significant people, reports from schools or employers, and social
service agencies (if applicable). It takes into account the social, contextual and other factors surrounding theoffending e.g. nature of crime, family history, education/employment situation and history, health and medical
issues and personal interests and attitudes.
The PSR is a court document which is also accessible to the offender and his/her parents besides thejudge, prosecutor and defence counsel. In Singapore, a PSR is usually called for if a sentencing judge deems
probation as an option he/she is prepared to consider for case disposition. A Probation Order is made only if
the offender consents to being imposed with such an order and indicates a willingness to abide by theconditions of probation. A successfully completed probation order does not amount to a conviction record.

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Failure to comply with any of the conditions1 specified in the probation order constitutes a “breach of theprobation order” and renders the probationer liable to be brought before the original sentencing court to besentenced for the offence for which he was placed on probation. Where a fresh offence is committed whileserving probation, the normal recourse taken by the Courts is to revoke the probation order and sentence
the offender for both the new offence and the original offence for which probation was granted.

XII. STRENGTHENING PROBATIONIn the last few years, the probation of offenders and their rehabilitation in the community has beenstrengthened through various legislative and administrative measures and actions to address concerns overthe mass perception that community sanctions amount to a let-off. The amendment of the Children andYoung Persons Act provided the Court with a wide array of programmes which are implemented as part ofstand alone or combination orders, to meet the individualised rehabilitative needs of each offender. The main
programmes are listed in the following paragraphs.

A. Community Service Order
The Courts may order probationers to complete between 40 to 240 hours of community service by
imposing a Community Service Order as a condition of probation or in the case of juvenile offenders, as astand alone order without probation. This Order provides young offenders with a chance to repair the harmor hurt caused by their offence(s) by giving something back to the community. It is an opportunity foroffenders to help the less fortunate and develop understanding and consideration for others. In the process,the offenders acquire a sense of social responsibility, self discipline and interpersonal skills.
Probationers discharge their court-ordered community service in not-for-profit organisations. They learn
to provide care and befriending services to elderly persons, people with special needs, perform generalmaintenance and repair works in welfare facilities and hospitals, and participate in organising fund-raisingand social activities for socially disadvantaged families. Depending on the need, an offender may also be
assigned to a value-added community service programme. Through an integrated management ofcommunity service placements and work-life skills training for offenders, probationers assessed to beneeding a “leg up” to acquire marketable skills are sent for pre-CSO work skills training in areas such a footreflexology, nail art technology, chef-in-the making, pottery in motion, air-conditioning repair, etc. They arethen channelled to practise their newly acquired skills in not-for profit organisations. On completion of the
programme, the probationers either go on an apprenticeship programme, get placed in a job or they join the“Be an Entrepreneur” programme.

B. Periodic Training Order
The Courts may order probationers to complete a Periodic Training Order as a term of probation. A PTO
is used to allow the probationer to improve his/her ability to cope with the challenges of life and to increase
his/her potential either in school or at work. Under the PTO, the probationer is required to report to a social
service agency (e.g. a family service centre) for a fixed number of training hours which can vary from 40 to
60 hours. Usually held over 3 training sessions, the training focuses on helping the probationer tounderstand and work on his/her conduct and performance in school or at work in order to bring about a morepositive school/work experience.
C. Probation with Condition of Hostel Residency
The Courts may order probationers to stay in a hostel. The hostel, with its rules and regulations, will
provide a stricter environment to help the probationer cultivate discipline and self responsibility.
Probationers given hostel residency as a probation requirement are required to either stay in a government
1 Probation Conditions include:a) that the defendant shall be of good behaviour and keep the peace;b) that the defendant shall report to and receive visits from the Probation Officer/Volunteer Probation Officer;c) that the defendant shall not change his job without the prior approval of the Probation Officer/Volunteer Probation
Officer;d) that the defendant shall notify the Probation Officer/Volunteer Probation Officer forthwith of any change of the
defendant’s residence or employment;e) that the defendant shall carry out such lawful instructions as may from time to time be given by the Probation
Officer/Volunteer Probation Officer.

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run hostel for a maximum of 12 months, or in a hostel run by a Voluntary Welfare Organisation, which can befor the entire term of probation. For such an arrangement the condition of probation is given as voluntary
stay in the specified hostel. During the stay in the hostel, the probationer is required to continue to attend
school or work as usual.

D. Weekend Detention OrderA Weekend Detention Order (WDO) can be given on its own, or with a Probation Order. The Orderrequires probationers to be detained in a WDO facility on weekends, for a maximum of 52 weekends. This
option is suitable for offenders whose lifestyles or habits put them at risk of offending during weekend andthose who need a structured regime to develop life or work skills to sustain their resolve against future
offending.
E. Detention OrderA Detention Order is a separate Order placed by the Court and must be completed before the probationer
starts his probation. Detention Orders require the probationer to be detained for up to 3 months for a short,sharp, shock. It aims to help the probationer improve his/her situation through intensive supervision in a
detention facility. Detention Orders have proven useful in diverting some probationers away from a
prolonged institutional stay.
F. Mandatory Order - Parent Involvement
When young people go astray, their rehabilitative journey must necessarily involve the support andinvolvement of their parents or persons who are significant in their lives, if there are to be sustainableimprovements during and beyond probation. The Juvenile Court can issue a mandatory order requiring theparents to attend suitable parenting and other programmes. This option is only used if the Probation Officer
assessment shows the parents are highly unlikely to seek help without a court order. In 2003, 102 parents
were given this order. In most of these cases, there is a delinquency prevention consideration for the
younger children who are at high risk of falling into the system if nothing is done to help the parents
improve their parenting and problem solving skills.
Dialogues with parents at various stages of the probation process are held to give information on the
progress of the probationers, and collate information necessary to ensure probation programmes andservices remain relevant and meeting targeted needs, and to identify service gaps which could potentially
impact on desired outcomes.

G. School-Probation-Court Link
Slightly more than 60% of probation cases are persons who are still in the school system and therefore
spend a good proportion of their time in school. An analysis of data on offending and re-offending shows
clearly that most incidents of breach of probation requirements including re-offending occur in school or withschoolmates. The School-Probation-Court Link was formed in 2000 to provide a platform for school
authorities, Probation Officers and the Court to work in close partnership to enhance assessments, caseplanning and casework to bring about an integrated management of probationers in the school system. Todate about 70 schools and vocational training institutions are on the SPC Link and they are actively involvedin the process of investigation to determine if a person is suitable for probation, attend the court sessions
and work closely with the Probation Service in reviewing the progress of probationers in their schools.
The 2nd phase of implementation of the SPC Link involved the setting up of school-based probation
service in several targeted schools with a relatively high percentage of pupils on probation. The strong
presence of Probation Officers in these schools meant better supervision of probationers and early detectionof trouble spots. At another level, it also serves to “incentivise” schools which are more forthcoming in
giving school placements to offenders who may have dropped out of the system by giving them due
recognition in the form of awards, media coverage on human interest stories involving their schools and soforth.

H. Victim-Offender Conferencing
A Victim Assistance Team (VAST), formed in 2000, was based in the Probation Services Branch toprovide sensitive and supportive services to crime victims who are involved in its rehabilitation programmes
for offenders on non-custodial treatment programmes. VAST supports a range of programmes aimed at

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improving probation outcomes by increasing the offenders’ awareness of the impact of the crime on thevictims, such that they develop empathy towards their victims and consequently, refrain from future
offending.
In early 2004, Project HEAL (Healing, Empowering And Linking) was launched jointly by the Ministry ofCommunity Development and Sports and the Subordinate Courts to enhance victim involvement in Family
Conferences held at the pre-disposition stage. Project HEAL is executed by a multi-disciplinary teamcomprising probation officers and psychologists of MCDS and the Family and Juvenile Justice Centre.

I. Post-Probation Care
Post care is available to probationers who have completed their orders. A toll-free line operating from8.30 am to 10 pm daily, 6 days a week, ensures that post care is available and accessible to persons who needpost probation support. Aptly tagged “Help is just a phone call away” the PSB Care line has become anavenue for collecting information on social, economic and other contextual factors that confront thoseleaving or have left the system so resources may be more targeted towards reducing re-offending.
XIII. INTEGRATED CASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ICMS)
Leveraging on technology, the Ministry of Community Development and Sports initiated thedevelopment of an Integrated Case Management System (ICMS) to enhance operational support to officers
in terms of easy access to client information, effective case management and a strengthened policy responseto emerging issues and challenges. As an IT system, it is designed to facilitate information sharing within
the Division, ensure seamless and effective client management, as well as streamlined work processes.
Policy making decisions in turn are facilitated through consolidated data and cross-functional analysis. At theoperational level, ICMS is designed to meet the needs of both case managers and their clients. It is easy tonavigate and makes access to information, data entry of case notes and case management a relatively simple
process. Effective use of the ICMS as a case management tool will free Probation Officers to focus oneffective intervention to reduce offending.

Features of ICMS

Tasks List
ICMS displays a list of tasks
awaiting Probation Officers’
follow up; thus enabling them tomanage, organize and multi-task.
E-reminders and notifications
alert them of outstanding or
urgent tasks needing follow up.

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Managing Client Appointments
At a glance of a probationer’sdiary in ICMS, a PO is able tosee the probationer’s
appointments with different
officers (e.g. Psychologist,
group-based programme run byprobation programme officers).
Better customer service can beachieved by coordinating theschedule for reporting andprogramme attendance.

Easy retrieval of documents
With case documents neatly
categorized into subfolders, a
PO can view, retrieve, andupload reports or client’s
personal documents with ease.
If a referral has been made, thereferred officer will be able toaccess some of these important
documents too.

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Assign activities online
As part of case management,a PO can assign their cases
for activities such as grouptherapy or counselling, via
ICMS.

Request for volunteers online
A PO can request a volunteer
to be involved in befriending
his or her case.
ICMS provides a PO withadditional search criteria ofskills and interests to selectsuitable volunteer(s) to meettheir probationers’ individual
needs.

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Online referrals forpsychological assessment.
Click ‘submit’ and the referral
will reach the coordinating
psychologist instantly!

Seamless Case Management
ICMS allows the PO toscreen clients for priorhistory of child abuse, family
violence or committal tocorrectional facilities under
MCDS. This in turn facilitatescase assessment & planning.
Data re-entry is minimized
with ICMS, as there will be
auto-population of data.
ICMS saves time andpresents relevant information
to aid case management.

Report Tracking
Function enables tracking of
the movement of the reportthat has been submitted.

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The Probation Service and the Psychological Services Unit were engaged in the roll-out of the ICMS on
31 May 2004. The system will be fully commissioned by the end of 2004.

XIV. ELECTRONIC TAGGINGElectronic monitoring of selected probationers needing intensive supervision was introduced in March
2003 to target probationers whose offences and/or repeated curfew violations would cause them to be sent
to a correctional facility. E-tagging as a probation requirement is imposed for a period of 3-4 months.
Electronic surveillance of curfew compliance is supplemented with a cognitive behavioural support
programme for probationers and their parents; the SONIC (Support for Offenders in Need of Intervention
from the Community) programme using Cognitive Behavioural Technique. SONIC involves the Probation
Officers’ active engagement of parents and school authorities.

XV. PHYSICAL CURFEW COMPLIANCE CHECKSFor the majority of probationers who are not on electronic surveillance, enforcement of the curfew
compliance is strengthened through a “Operation Night Watch” (ONW), a programme involving a pool ofcarefully selected and trained VPOs to conduct physical checks on probationers residing in areas near theirresidence or preferred residential areas. On an average, the ONW Team makes about 400 checks a monthand curfew compliance is about 85% of all cases checked. Outcomes of checks by VPOs are expeditiously
relayed to the Probation Officers via the ONW module of the web-based volunteer portal, thereby facilitating
prompt, appropriate intervention to prevent escalation of problems and consequent need to revoke theprobation order.

XVI. VOLUNTEER PROBATION OFFICERS: COMMUNITY PROBATION SERVICE (CPS)Introduced in June 1971, CPS is now 33 years old and has long surpassed its modest objective of merely
setting out to promote community awareness of the work involved in the rehabilitation of offenders. CPS has
a membership of 413 VPOs as at the end of May 2004. More than 70% are actively engaged in helping
probationers in one way or another. VPOs are a special force in terms of having the potential to effectively
complement the work of probation officers to positively impact on offenders who need help to remain clearof trouble or to better cope with problems.
Sustaining, supporting and providing continuous training and other support to keep the growing pool ofvolunteer probation officers sufficiently motivated and challenged pose a real problem in today’s fast pacework setting, changing profile of probation staff and the demands for work life harmony. To appeal to thediversity of interests, skills, talents, volunteer aspirations, and ability to commit their time at various stagesof their volunteer life cycle, CPS offers a wide scope of involvement in community-based rehabilitation of
persons in conflict with the law. Among some of the more popular areas of volunteering are:a) Casework and counsellingb) Project workc) Assisting in social investigation to determine if an offender can benefit from probationd) Organising activities for probationers, parents or fellow volunteerse) Conducting curfew checksf) Committee and volunteer coordination workg) Conducting groupwork
With 33 years of partnership with probation officers in rehabilitation work with offenders, CPS has
matured to a level where VPOs are involved in formulating annual work plans and joining forces with theProbation Service in initiating programmes with a strong strategic focus to attain by VPOs and staff to lend a
sharper focus on results. Consequently, the VPO recruitment criteria, VPO grading system, core andfunctional competencies and communication between VPOS and staff were refined.
Their contributions have been wide ranging; from organising VPOs Skills Training Seminars, producing
newsletters, information materials and a guidebook to support VPOs in rehabilitation work, planning andexecuting curfew check operations to monitor probationers’ compliance with time restrictions, working withstaff in the development of a web-based e-portal for VPOs and more recently, mobilising grassroots
organisations to provide constituency-based post care and support to offenders after the expiry of their court
orders.

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For the web-based e-portal, there is a promise that once all VPOs have completed training (given by staff,
and net savvy probationers and former probationers) on how to optimise the use of the portal, they can
expect to see the formation of a closely-knit virtual community of VPOs. Market reach of potential
volunteers will then extend to those who are comfortable with e-learning and e-platforms for communicationand information sharing. To ensure good support to VPOs remains even as technologies are harnessed; atoll-free VPO help desk was set up to enable all VPOs to have a single contact point when they encounter
problems or need to contact their probation officers urgently.

XVII. CONCLUSION
Much has been done and much more will have to be done to bring about the necessary changes if we areto achieve a more restorative and humane treatment of offenders.

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APPENDIX A
Organizational Functions

Ms Chomil Kamal
DEPUTY DIRECTOROPERATIONS YOUTHOPERATIONS ADULT

5 teams

2 teams

Deals with offenders
below 18 years

Deals with offenders
18 years and above

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APPENDIX BOPERATIONS /YOUTH TEAMOPERATIONS /ADULT TEAM

Below 18 yrs old 18 yrs old & above

COMMUNITY
PARTNERSHIPS

Reports directly to DD/PS

Deputy Director / Chief Probation Officer•Foster maximum
community
participation in
the rehabilitationof offenders
through•Ensure that community service
cultivation oforders are retributive, reparative
strategic alliancesand rehabilitativeand partnerships
with government,•Increase the community’s
confidence in the Probation Service people and private
sectors
through effective supervision andimparting of skills, knowledge andFinancial
attitudes for the offenders to
Mgt
become socially responsible andlaw-abiding individuals•Prepare &submitfinancial &manpower
reports•Enhance judicial decision making
through effective assessment ofoffenders’ needs and risks

INTERNAL
AUDIT / QA
•Promote andsupport bestpractice in theadministration &mgt of probation
services

HR
Development

Facilities
Mgt

Planning

Review•Ensure that •Nurture and support
supportive & evidence-based
administrative probation practice andwork byassist in formulating
corporate
strategies for effective
support staff
community-based
are effectively rehabilitation of
applied &offenders by providing
documented
policy planning andreview support to the•Maintain,organisation
procure &manage officeequipment &facilities toensure a
productive &efficient•Look in to the working
environment
training &in pursuit ofdevelopment
the Branch’sof staff tomissionbuild up staff
competency•Strategicallyplan &
efficiently
manageBranch’s
resources to
produce•Preparequality
yearlyresults in abudgetsubmissions working& attend to environmentthat is safe,
budgetequitable &matters
focussed onachievement& bestpractice

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