東日本大震災における被災動物対応の現状と今後の課題
ー放射性物質汚染への対応を考えるー

獣医師は、これまで大災害があるたびに、多くの方々の善意に支えられながら被災動物対応を実施してきました。そして、そのたびに、活動のノウハウを集積し、次の活動に役立ててきました。ところが、今回の東日本大震災は、これまでのノウハウが通用しないほどの、大規模な激甚災害であり、また、原発事故による放射性物質汚染という新しい敵にも遭遇しました。本シンポジウム

では、今回の動物救護活動の実情について報告するとともに、今回の経験を、今後の対応にどのように役立てるかについて考えていきたいと思います。

《主催》社団法人 日本獣医師会《司会／座長》「東 日 本 大 震 災 に お け る 被 災 動 物 対 応 の 現 状 と 今 後 の伊 藤 伸 彦 氏（ 学 校 法 人 北 里 研 究 所 理 事 ／ 北 里 大 学

課題―放射性物質汚染への対応を考える―」

獣医学部 学部長）《演者》「震災から今日まで…」小動物における動物救護活動に

河又 淳氏（福島県動物救護本部／千葉小動物クリニック

ついて獣医師）「東 日 本 大 震 災 に お け る 被 災 動 物 対 応 の 現 状 と 今 後 の課題―放射性物質汚染への対応を考える―」佐 藤 利 弘 氏（ 福 島 県 酪 農 業 協 同 組 合 生 産 部 診 療 課課長）

Workshop VI
ワークショップ Ⅵ“The Current Situation Concerning the Handling of Animals Affectedby the Great East Japan Earthquake - Considering Responses toRadioactive Material Contamination”
Every time a great disaster has struck, our vets have been called to action to handle the victim animals, backed
by the warm support of many people. With every new disaster we have at least gained some valuable newexpertise, skills and insights to guide our activities for the next time. However, the overwhelming scale of thedamage wrought by the Great East Japan Earthquake was so enormous that we could barely make any dent
in the recovery, even with all our collected and combined knowledge resources. Furthermore, we have been
forced to confront a new enemy, the radiation pollution from the nuclear power plant accidents. So, at thisworkshop we would like to report on the current progress of the animal rescue operations and consider how we
can make use of the new experience gained to better serve future efforts.
Organizer: Japan Veterinary Medical Association (JVMA)
MC / Chairperson:“The Current Situation Concerning the Handling of Animals Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake Considering Responses to Radioactive Material Contamination”
Nobuhiko ITO, Director, Kitasato Institute, Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
Speakers:“Animal Rescue Operations for Small Animals - since the earthquake up until today”
Jun KAWAMATA, Veterinarian, Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster Animal Rescue Task Force, Chiba
Small Animal Clinic, Fukushima City
“The Current Situation Concerning the Handling of Animals Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake Considering Responses to Radioactive Material Contamination”
Toshihiro SATO, Veterinarian, Medical Care Division Head,
Production Department, Fukushima Prefecture Dairy Farming Association

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201255

《主催者メッセージ

ORGANIZER MESSAGE》

社団法人 日本獣医師会

Japan Veterinary Medical Association (JVMA)

獣医師は、家庭動物・家畜等の診療のほか、口蹄疫そのたびに、活動のノウハウを集積し、次の活動に役や鳥インフルエンザ等の伝染病から畜産を守るための立ててきました。ところが、今回の東日本大震災は、こ家畜衛生、食品等の安全性や人と動物の共通感染症防れまでのノウハウが通用しないほどの、大規模な激甚災

疫に関わる公衆衛生、動物愛護、野生動物保護等の環害であり、また、原発事故による放射性物質汚染という境保全など様々な職域に就業し、社会を支える役割を新しい敵にも遭遇しました。本シンポジウムでは、今回担っています。の動物救護活動の実情について報告するとともに、様々一方、獣医師は、これまで大災害があるたびに、多な立場にある獣医師が社会と連携して行ってきた今回のくの方々の善意に支えられながら被災動物対応を実施活動における経験を、今後の対応にどのように役立てるしてきました。幅広い職域を持つ獣医師だからこそ、かについて、国民の方々と一緒に考えていきたいと思いそして、様々な職域にある獣医師が結束したからこそ、ます。

激甚災害の中で、様々な社会貢献をなしえてきたと自負しています。

The role of a veterinarian extends much further than theexamination of pets and farm animals. It involves various
medical categories that help keep society safe relating toboth animal health and public health. The former includes
protecting livestock from infectious diseases (eg. foot-andmouth disease and bird flu), while the latter includes foodsafety and preventing zoonotic infections.
Every time a major disaster has occurred, veterinarians havebeen able to help the affected animals with efforts backed
by the goodwill of a great many people. I believe that weveterinarians can contribute to our society in many different
ways during serious disasters because we can combine toform a collective wisdom acquired from our work in somany varied fields.

56

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

In the past, we have consolidated the new knowhow gained
from our activities and made use of it to help in subsequentdisaster activities. However, in the case of the Great East
Japan Earthquake the scale of disaster was so large that eventhe combined wealth of our expertise was barely able tohelp. We also had to confront a new enemy, the radioactive
contamination caused by the accidents of nuclear energy
plants. So, in this symposium, in addition to reporting about
our actual animal rescue operations, I would like to sharethe experience gained by the various specialty veterinarians
who worked together in collaboration with the public. I
would also like to consider how we can make use of all thenew experience gained to improve future measures with all
the people in our country.

《座長メッセージCHAIR MESSAGE》

東日本大震災における被災動物対応の現状と今後の課題―放射性物質汚染への対応を考える―
The Current Situation Concerning the Handling of Animals Affected by theGreat East Japan Earthquake - Considering Responses to Radioactive MaterialContamination
学校法人 北里研究所 理事／北里大学 獣医学部 学部長・伊藤 伸彦

Nobuhiko ITO, Director, Kitasato Institute, Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University

東日本大震災がこれまでの震災と全く異なるのは、広に至っているが、域内には未だに 1000 頭以上の放れ牛い範囲で放射性物質による汚染が発生したことである。

や多くの野生化した豚などが生き延びている状況である。

そのため、動物の救護活動には 3 つの特殊な問題が加わっ

警戒区域内の動物には放射性物質の体内汚染があり、動た。すなわち、救護活動を行う場所における活動者の放物は制御しにくくなっているため、安全に捕獲すること射線被ばく、被災動物の放射性物質による体表面と体内がますます難しくなっている。の汚染、原発から 20km 圏内が警戒区域になったために活動者の立ち入りが制限されたことである。

国の方針に対し、牛の安楽死に同意した農家の方々には無駄に殺されているという思いもあり、さらに国内外警戒区域内の飼育者たちが居なくなったために起こっから、警戒区域内の動物を助けるか人類に役立つ研究にたことは、動物たちの放射線影響による死ではなくて、使えないかという要望が寄せられていた。これを受けて、飢餓による苦痛と死であった。それでも、故意に逃がし日本獣医師会会長が各方面に働きかけを行い、警戒区域た動物や飼育檻や鎖から放れた動物の一部は生き延びた。

内の放射能汚染牛を活用した研究が 11 月から開始され犬や猫などについては、日本獣医師会 HP で紹介されたている。また、野生動物の体内放射能汚染の調査によっ“ 動物の身体汚染への対応法について：緊急的暫定措置 ”て、福島県の面積の 7 割を占める森林中の放射能汚染をを指針の一つとして保護活動が続いている。しかし、産評価する研究も提案されており、原発事故の動物への影

業動物に関しては、原子力災害対策本部長から福島県に響の調査は始まったばかりである。

対して、警戒区域内の家畜の安楽死処分が指示され現在

The reason why the Great East Japan Earthquake has produced
a totally different situation from that of any previous major
earthquake is that it has resulted in radioactive contamination
across a wide area. This in turn has created three additional
special problems for those engaged in animal rescue activities.
Firstly, rescue workers have been exposed to radioactivity insome places where they were performing rescue activities;
secondly, affected animals were exposed to both external andinternal contamination by radioactive matter; and thirdly, rescue
workers were not permitted access to the caution zone within a
20km radius of the damaged nuclear power plant.
The fate of many animals left inside the caution zone when theirowners disappeared was not death caused by radiation but painand death from starvation. But even in these circumstances,some of the animals whose owners deliberately released themfrom their cages or chains survived. In the case of dogs, cats,etc., sheltering activities have been continued with reference tothe guideline document, “Methods of coping with radioactive
contamination of animals’ bodies - urgent tentative measures”.
This was introduced on the website of the Japan Veterinary
Medical Association. However, with regard to farm animals,
the chief of the Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters

ordered Fukushima Prefecture to euthanize livestock within thecaution zone. Nevertheless, the current situation is that morethan 1,000 runaway cattle and many feral pigs still survive
within the caution zone. Animals within the zone have internal
radioactive contamination and have become difficult to control
so it is becoming harder to capture them safely.
In the face of government policy, those farming households
that agreed to euthanize their cattle now feel that their animals
were destroyed for no purpose. Moreover, there have beenrequests both from within Japan and from overseas to rescue
animals from the caution zone or to use them for research thatcan benefit people. In response, the Chairman of the Japan
Veterinary Medical Association did change his request to theaffected parties, such that research using cattle contaminated byradioactive materials in the caution zone began in November.
A research project has also started in an effort to evaluate theradioactive contamination of the forests that occupy 70% of
the land area in Fukushima Prefecture. This is being doneby surveying the internal radioactive contamination of wild
animals living in the forests. These examples demonstrate that
research into the effects of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant
accident on wildlife has just begun.

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201257

「震災から今日まで…」小動物における動物救護活動について
Animal Rescue Operations for Small Animals - since the earthquake up until today
福島県動物救護本部／千葉小動物クリニック 獣医師・河又 淳

Jun KAWAMATA, Veterinarian, Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster Animal Rescue Task Force,Chiba Small Animal Clinic, Fukushima City

世界にも類を見ない東日本大震災により，福島県は宮城，岩手同様に甚大な被害を受けることとなり，それに加え原子力災害により，想像を絶する大惨事となってしまった．
福島県の報告によれば，警戒区域内にはおおよそ 1 万頭にのぼる犬猫が生存しており，結果的にはその 6 ～ 7割が津波，飢餓，衰弱などにより死亡したとみられる．
警戒区域内にはいまだに推定 400 ～ 500 頭前後の犬猫が取り残されており，行政による救護活動が精力的に行われているが，動物が人間に対して警戒を強めていることや放射線の影響で活動しにくいことなどもあり，動物の保護がスムーズに進んでいないのが現状である．
福島県動物救護本部は，震災後 1 カ月後に福島県が本部長となり福島県獣医師会，郡山市，いわき市の 2 中核市，福島県動物愛護ボランティア会の 5 団体で構成された．
しかしながら当時は国，県，獣医師会は混乱を極めており，我々県民も不安定な生活を強いられる状況下，これら団体が一枚岩になり動物救護にあたることが困難であった．
県動物救護本部は県内に 2 ヶ所のシェルターを設置し対応しており，緊急災害時動物救援本部からの義援金や全国各地からの支援の上に成り立っているが，未曾有の大災害ということもあり，その維持運営管理資金は膨大な金額が必要なため不足している．それに加え，慢性的なボランティア不足に悩まされており，資金と人の不足がシェルター閉鎖の見通しが立たぬ現状での大きな課題である．
今回の大災害を通じ，県や獣医師会レベルの被災地単独での動物救護活動には多くの問題と限界があり，官民一体となった大規模な組織力の投入が必要であることを痛感した．今後は大災害に備え，より広域での被災動物支援システムの構築と，そのマニュアル作成の必要性があるのではないだろうか．

The Great East Japan Earthquake was one of the most powerfulearthquakes to have occurred anywhere in the world in moderntimes. The earthquake and the accompanying tsunami caused
enormous damage in Fukushima Prefecture just as it did in
the nearby prefectures of Miyagi and Iwate. But additionally,in Fukushima, the tsunami triggered a major nuclear disaster
which has greatly compounded the impact of the originalnatural disaster.

prefectural governments and the veterinary association wereoperating in a state of extreme confusion, and in a situationin which we Fukushima residents were also forced to live
precariously day to day, it was difficult for the organizations tocarry out animal rescue activities monolithically.

According to a report from Fukushima Prefecture, prior to thedisaster, approximately 10,000 dogs and cats were living within
the so-called “caution zone”. It is estimated that approximately
60 to 70% of these animals died either in the tsunami or elsefrom subsequent starvation, weakness, etc. At present, around
400 to 500 dogs and cats are estimated to be living in thecaution zone, and the authorities are actively attempting torescue these animals. However, in the current situation, thework of protecting these animals is not going smoothly because
they have become more cautious of people and because thepresence of radioactivity makes it difficult to carry out rescue
activities.
Fukushima Animal Rescue Headquarters was set up a monthafter the disaster struck by five organizations as members- namely Fukushima Prefectural Government, Fukushima
Veterinary Medical Association, the governments of the twocore cities of Koriyama and Iwaki, and the animal welfare
volunteer association Fukushima-ken Dobutsu Aigo Volunteer
Kai, with Fukushima Prefecture also playing an overallmanagement role. But at that time, when the national and58

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

The Animal Rescue Headquarters has dealt with the situation
by installing shelters at two locations in Fukushima Prefecture
and its operations are financed from public donations provided
by the Emergency Animal Rescue Headquarters and by support
from people all over Japan. But since the scale of the disasterwas unprecedented, the amount of money required to keep thework going and manage the operation is huge, with the resultthat funds are in short supply. In addition, the Headquarters also
suffers from a chronic shortage of volunteers. In the current
situation, in which the closure of the shelters is nowhere insight, insufficient funds and manpower are the major problems.
Through this massive disaster I have become acutely aware that
if prefectural governments and veterinary associations carryout animal rescue activities by themselves, they are bound tocome up against all kinds of problems and limitations. To work
effectively, it is necessary to install a large-scale organizedauthority in which the government and the people are united.
For the future, in order to prepare in advance for majordisasters, it will be essential to build up a more broadly based
animal support system and also to produce a manual that canserve as a guide to operating such a system.

東日本大震災における被災動物対応の現状と今後の課題―放射性物質汚染への対応を考える―
The Current Situation Concerning the Handling of Animals Affected by theGreat East Japan Earthquake - Considering Responses to Radioactive MaterialContamination
福島県 酪農業協同組合 生産部診療課 課長／獣医師・佐藤 利弘

Toshihiro SATO, Veterinarian, Medical Care Division Head,Production Department, Fukushima Prefecture Dairy Farming Association

今回の震災で直接的な被害を受けた福島県内の牧場は5 月半ばには死屍累々の状況となったと聞きます。５月僅かでしたが、ライフラインの寸断、乳業工場や飼料工に始まった一時帰宅者やボランティアからもたらされた場等の被災、燃料不足による物流の断絶等により、通常その映像はメディアを通じて世界中の知る所となります。の生産活動ができず回復までには２週間余りを要し、原その後も作業は遅々として進まず 9 月過ぎまでかかった

発事故による原乳出荷停止は更に追い打ちをかけました。

様に聞きます。これらの事は家畜の所有者や畜産関係者

そして浜地区に出された原発事故の避難指示は、状況がに心の闇を残す結果となりました。

見えない中で同心円状に 20km 圏内の避難指示、30km一方野生化した牛や豚の存在は、今後自家繁殖あるい圏内の屋内待避指示が 1 ヶ月余り続きます。この間牛のは野生動物との繁殖によるエリア拡大等の新たな問題と所有者達はその地に留まったり、避難先から通ったり、なると考えます。

牛の避難を試みます。組合も行政との協議を経ながら避次に、放射性物質汚染は生活環境としての地域的な汚難先を確保し、一部家畜の移動を試みます。しかし 4 月

染分布だけでなく、時間の経過と共に未知の放射性物質

22 日から 20km 圏内は警戒区域の指定により、事実上の濃縮（地形的、生物的）を実感させました。地元農業

家畜を放置せざるを得ない状態になりました。当初想定を持続させるための課題は多く、生産物モニタリングとされていた殺処分や死体の処理も、作業環境や産業廃棄生産サイクルの検証、検査体勢、リスクコミュニケーショ物としての処理見通しが立たず、大半の家畜が餓死し、ン、除染技術の開発等多面的な取組が行われています。

In Fukushima Prefecture, only a few livestock farms sustained
direct damage from the recent earthquake. However, due tothe severing of lifelines, damage to dairy factories and otherfacilities, interruptions in distribution due to fuel shortages andother reasons, it took more than two weeks before production
activities returned to normal. Moreover, the dairy industry’s
problems were further compounded when the shipment of raw
milk was halted on account of the nuclear power accident.

of the animals died of starvation. I heard that, by the middleof May, the situation meant that there were heaps of carcasses.
Such images, taken by people returning to their homes
temporarily, and by volunteers, were brought to the world’s
attention by the mass media. Even so, restoration work madelittle progress. I then heard that the situation continued beyond
the end of September and it created a sense of doom andgloom in the minds of livestock owners and people involved instockbreeding.

While the radioactive contamination situation was invisible
to the eye, a nuclear power accident evacuation order wasissued for people in the Hama district within a 20km radiusof the plant, while those living between 20 and 30km of theplant were ordered to remain indoors. These orders remainedin force for over a month. During that time, cattle owners
attempted to evacuate their animals while remaining on theirfarms or commuting to and from their evacuation sites. The
Dairy Farming Association also tried to remove some livestock
to secure locations in consultation with the administration.
However, from April 22, when the area within the 20km radius
was designated as a caution zone, conditions were such thatit became virtually impossible to help the livestock and they
had to be left unattended. In the beginning, slaughtering theanimals and disposing of the carcasses was considered, butthere was nowhere suitable either as a working environment or
as a disposal site for the carcasses as industrial waste, so mostOn the other hand, with other livestock such as cattle and pigs
having been let loose and turning feral in the disaster area, newproblems are expected to emerge in the future. By this I mean
the broadening of the contaminated area due to uncontrolled
breeding or interbreeding with wild animals, etc.
Secondly, we have witnessed not only the distributionof radioactive material contamination in the local living
environment but also the topographic and biologicalconcentration of radioactive materials as time goes on. Many
issues remain to be tackled in order to maintain local farming,
and we also need to take a multifaceted approach that includes
product monitoring, production cycle verification, checking
systems, risk communication, and decontamination technology
development, etc.

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201259