June 28, 2017

Nippon Shokubai Announces Joint Development of a New Processfor Biomass Utilization with Kobe University
NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD. [Headquarters: Osaka, Japan; President: YujiroGoto], hereinafter “Nippon Shokubai”, has jointly developed a new process forbiomass*1 utilization with the endowed chair “Sustainable Chemistry” [SpeciallyAppointed Professor: Dr. Yuichi Kita] at the Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe
University, hereinafter “Kobe University.” This process is a highly efficient methodfor decomposing lignocellulose*2 into a group of water-soluble compounds thatconsist mainly of 2-6 carbon atoms. It is carried out in hot water at 250-300 °C in
the presence of metallic iron. Unlike the conventional methods, this method reduces
useless consumption of biomass resources and enables an efficient utilization of thewhole biomass. Furthermore, by using a solid acid catalyst such as ZSM-5, theobtained water-soluble compounds can be converted to olefinic hydrocarbons, suchas ethylene, propylene, and butylene, or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene,toluene, and xylene (Fig. 1). These hydrocarbons are considered as promising basic
raw materials for various green chemicals*3. For example, if propylene produced
from biomass could be supplied to an existing acrylic acid plant, we could produce
green acrylic acid, which in turn can be used to produce environmentally-friendly
super absorbent polymers (the raw materials for many products, such as disposable
diapers).
Nippon Shokubai is continuing to challenge this new technology for a better
future. Our future plans include promoting research and development of this new
utilization process as well as the manufacturing of various green chemicals using
the produced water-soluble compounds. This process is expected to help inestablishing sustainable chemical industries, because it converts renewable carbon
resources such as biomass into raw materials for chemicals instead of relying on
fossil resources.

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Fig. 1．Schematic diagram of the new utilization process for biomass comparedto the conventional process

Summary of the Developed Process
Recently, interest in utilizing biomass as raw materials for fuels and chemicals has
been growing due to concerns about depletion of fossil resources and greenhouse gas
emissions. Hydrothermal decomposition (hydrothermal liquefaction) is one of theknown technologies for biomass utilization. In this method, biomass is thermallydecomposed in high-temperature water to obtain water-soluble and oil-soluble
decomposition products. However, this conventional method (in the absence ofmetallic iron) has a low yield of the water-soluble and oil-soluble decomposition
products (around 15 wt% each). Moreover, additional de-oxidation processes arenecessary, because the oxygen content in the decomposition products is high. Inaddition, the large quantities of char produced (around 40 wt%) require treatment,
which is considered one of the biggest challenges facing this process.
On the other hand, metallic iron, which coexists and reacts in the new process,results in high yield of water-soluble decomposition products of about 60 wt%. In
addition, the process reduces the oxygen content in the water-soluble decomposition
products by about two out of ten compared to that in the raw material. Furthermore,a higher degree of deoxygenation and hydrogenation is obtained. Moreover,decomposition, deoxygenation, and hydrogenation can be further promoted byadding a metal that has a hydrogenation capability, such as copper or palladium,resulting in a higher degree for the water-soluble decomposition products.
Additionally, the whole biomass could be efficiently utilized, because char, which isa by-product of the process and represented a major problem in the conventional
method, can be used as a reducing agent for regenerating metallic iron.

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Some of the above results have been published in the scientific journal, ACS
Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (DOI: 10.1021 / acssuschemeng.7b00381),
and presented at the 253rd American Chemical Society National Meeting &Exposition (April 2-6, 2017, San Francisco, USA).
About the Collaborative Research
The endowed chair “Sustainable Chemistry” at Kobe University [SpeciallyAppointed Professor: Dr. Yuichi Kita] was established in July 2012 to develop newindustries using sustainable chemistry. Nippon Shokubai started a collaborative
research with the endowed chair at Kobe University in October of the same year
and has been supporting research projects with an immediate impact on theindustry, such as replacing raw chemical materials manufactured from fossil
resources by ones derived from renewable resources.
【Glossary】*1 Biomass
A concept representing the quantity (mass) of biological resources (bio). It is defined as"renewable organic resources, derived from biological origins." When "Biomass" isexposed to combustion, decay, fermentation, or a similar process, it generates carbon
dioxide, However, carbon dioxide is again absorbed and converted to biomass via
photosynthesis, which closes the carbon cycle in the atmosphere, i.e., biomass exhibits“carbon neutral" characteristics.
*2 Lignocellulose
A type of biomass whose structure contains strongly bonded cellulose, hemicellulose,and lignin. It is found in wood and agricultural residues, and it is the most abundant
type of biomass on earth. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides, which canbe decomposed into monosaccharides by hydrolysis. Lignin is a complex class ofsterically polymerized polyphenol molecules.
*3 Green chemicals
Green chemicals are chemical products derived from biomass resources (explainedhere).

ABOUT NIPPON SHOKUBAI: Since 1941, Nippon Shokubai has grown up its businesswith unique catalyst technology. Nippon Shokubai has supplied, for example, Ethyleneoxide, Acrylic acid, automobile catalyst, process catalyst and so on. Among all, ourglobal market share of superabsorbent polymer comes up to No.1, now. Nippon
Shokubai is a global chemical company with its corporate mission as "Providing
affluence and comfort to people and society, with our unique technology".

【Contacts】

Investor & Public Relations Dept.,
NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.
E-mail: shokubai@n.shokubai.co.jp
http://www.shokubai.co.jp/en/

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