No. 112
Oct 2003

Established1961
IN THIS ISSUE

Page

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR.............................................................................................................................. 1

THE 125TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE ........................................................................................... 3

EFFECTIVE COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING AND MONEY
LAUNDERING
Course Rationale............................................................................................................................................. 3
Course Summary............................................................................................................................................. 6
Lecture Topics................................................................................................................................................. 7
Individual Presentation Topics ....................................................................................................................... 9Group Workshop Sessions.............................................................................................................................12Group 1
Group 2
Group 3Observation Visits......................................................................................................................................... 15Group Study Tour ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Special Events............................................................................................................................................... 17
Reference Materials Distributed................................................................................................................... 20
Experts and Participants List ........................................................................................................................ 24

INFORMATION ABOUT PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES ........................................................................... 28
Special Training Programmes ................................................................................................................ 28
Forthcoming Training Programmes........................................................................................................ 29
Fourth Special Seminar for Kenya on Juvenile Delinquent Treatment Systems .......................... 29
Sixth Special Training Course on Corruption Control in Criminal Justice…………………….. 29
The 126th International Senior Seminar……………………………………………………....... 29
Ninth Special Seminar of China………………………………………………………………. 33
Third Tajikistan Seminar……………………………………………………………………… 34
ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS ............................................................................................................................... 35
Overseas Trips by Staff.......................................................................................................................... 35
FACULTY & STAFF OF UNAFEI ........................................................................................................................... 37

UNAFEI IS AN AFFILIATED REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED NATIONS

1

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR

It is my privilege to inform readers of the successful completion of the 125th
International Training Course on “Effective Countermeasures against Illicit Drug
Trafficking and Money Laundering” which took place from 8 September to 30 October
2003. In this course we welcomed 10 Japanese and 14 overseas participants: 11 from
Asia, 2 from Africa and 1 from Eastern Europe. They included police and drug enforcement
officers, public prosecutors, judges, a customs officer, a probation officer, a correctional
officer, a member of the coastguard and other high-ranking public officials. As thisnewsletter demonstrates, the course was extremely productive. It consisted of individual
presentations, group workshop sessions, visits to relevant criminal justice agencies, andpresentations by visiting experts, faculty members and ad hoc lecturers.
During the course the participants diligently and comprehensively examinedmeasures to prevent drug trafficking and studied ways in which money laundering could
be detected and prevented. This was accomplished primarily through a comparative
analysis of the current situation and the problems encountered in tackling these issues.
The participants’ in-depth discussions enabled them to put forth effective and practicalsolutions.
Illicit drug trafficking is a crime that we need to tackle most urgently andintensely because it undermines not only people’s health but also society itself. Manyorganized criminal groups rely heavily on such income to fund their growth. In orderto prevent drug offences effectively, the deprivation of proceeds is very important.
However criminals try to evade law enforcement authorities by disguising andconcealing the origin of dirty money. The international community has become
increasingly aware of the problem of money laundering.
To ensure that these criminals can find no safe haven, various international
initiatives have been taken, including the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, adopted in 1988. This Convention
requires State Parties to criminalize money laundering and take necessary measures totrace, freeze and forfeit the proceeds in relation to drug offences. The United Nations
has also adopted the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime which
provides for a comprehensive legal tool to effectively tackle transnational organizedcrime, requiring State Parties to extend the scope of predicate offences of money
laundering beyond drug trafficking to all serious crimes. The Financial Action Task
Force on Money Laundering (FATF) has been instrumental in establishing international
standards with its “Forty Recommendations”. Regional initiatives, such as the Asia/
Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG), have also been taken in order toimplement these international standards within a specific region.
The purpose of this International Training Course was to offer participants anopportunity to share information on the current situation of Illicit drug trafficking and2money laundering, and the challenges faced by each country. At the same time thecourse offered participants the opportunity to explore more effective measures andstrategies to meet the considerable challenges that they face.
I would like to offer my sincere congratulations to all the participants upon theirsuccessful completion of the course, made possible by their strenuous efforts. My
heartfelt gratitude goes to the visiting experts and ad hoc lecturers who contributed agreat deal to the course’s success. Furthermore, I appreciate the indispensableassistance and cooperation extended to UNAFEI by various agencies and institutions,which helped diversify the programme.
A warm tribute must be paid to the Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA) for its immeasurable support throughout the course. At the same time, I must
express great appreciation to the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF) and its
branch organizations for their substantial contributions. Lastly, I owe my gratitude to
all the individuals whose unselfish efforts behind the scenes contributed significantly tothe successful realization of this course.
Upon returning to their home countries, I genuinely believe that, like theirpredecessors, the strong determination and dedication of the participants will enable
them to work towards the improvement of their respective nation’s criminal justicesystems, and to the benefit of the international society as a whole.
Finally, I would like to reiterate my best regards to the participants of the 125th
International Training Course. I hope that the experience they gained during the Course
proves valuable in their daily work, and that the bonds fostered among the participants,
visiting experts and UNAFEI staff will continue to grow for many years to come.

October 2003

Kunihiko Sakai
Director, UNAFEI

3

THE 125TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE“EFFECTIVE COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING
AND MONEY LAUNDERING”

Course Rationale
It goes without saying that illicit drug trafficking facilitates drug abuse which is one of
the most serious global social problems, and also brings organized criminal groups
substantial profits, which fund such groups activities and stimulates their growth. Muchof these profits infiltrates the legitimate business sphere and may impair the integrity
and stability of legitimate economic and financial systems as a whole. It has also been
pointed out that some proceeds of drug trafficking may even go into the pockets ofterrorist groups. Illicit drug trafficking and the proceeds derived from it, therefore, posean immeasurable threat to the security of the government and the rule of law, as well as
economic and political stability and the sound development of all countries, including
Asia and the Pacific region.
It is obvious that law enforcement agencies should make every effort to prevent
illicit drug trafficking related offences and investigate these offences thoroughly byutilizing various investigative methods. Controlled delivery and undercover operations,for example, have been utilized as effective investigative measures to date. On theother hand, when we pay attention to the fact that the purpose of illicit drug trafficking
is to pursue financial gain, the most effective strategy is to deprive the perpetrators of
their illicit proceeds and any property derived from them; and to control and criminalize
the act of disguising and concealing the origin of this dirty money i.e. the act of “money
laundering”. This strategy will deprive criminals of their incentive to commit further
crime and exhaust the funds for reinvesting in further criminal activities, which will
inevitably weaken the functionality of these organized criminal groups or even destroy
them. Such strategy has given us a new approach to effectively combat illicit drugtrafficking.
However, dirty money is actually increasingly laundered on an international
scale owing to the development of technology and the increasing globalization of theeconomy and society. We are all aware that money laundering itself poses a growing
threat to our society as well as to the international economic and financial system.
According to some research by the United Nations and others, estimates of the amountof money laundered globally in one year have ranged between $500 billion and $1
trillion, and the majority of this amount is the proceeds of drug trafficking. Criminals
can have a deleterious effect on legitimate businesses parasitically and distort faircompetition by their huge illicit proceeds. Furthermore, money laundering techniques
have made rapid progress and become more sophisticated, for example, by the skillfuluse of shell corporations, off-shore financial centers (the safe haven of illicit funds),
underground banking and the involvement of professionals such as lawyers and4accountants. Organized criminal groups have strengthened their global networks among
them rapidly.
In recognition of the gravity of this issue, various international initiatives havebeen taken to tackle illicit drug trafficking and money laundering. As regards theUnited Nations, the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs andPsychotropic Substances was adopted in 1988, which requires State Parties tocriminalize money laundering and take necessary measures to trace, freeze and forfeit
the proceeds in relation to drug offences. The United Nations also adopted the UN
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime in 2000, which provides for acomprehensive legal tool to effectively tackle transnational organized crime, and it
requires State Parties to extend the scope of predicate offences of money laundering
beyond drug trafficking to all serious crimes. The UN Office on Drugs and Crime has
actively contributed to the fight against money laundering in various fields including
implementation of the Global Programme against Money Laundering.
The G-7 Summit established the Financial Action Task Force on money
laundering (FATF) in 1989, and most importantly, FATF developed the international
standards “The Forty Recommendations” which set out a comprehensive blueprint for
countries to implement effective anti-money laundering programmes. FATF examinesthe 29 member countries and territories’ progress in implementing “The Forty
Recommendations” through self-assessment and a mutual evaluation procedure, andalso publishes a list of Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories to encourage thosecountries to improve their programmes. In addition, regional initiatives have been
actively taken, for example the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) has
addressed this issue to facilitate the implementation of internationally accepted moneylaundering standards in this region since 1997.
In reality, nonetheless, we have encountered difficulties in detecting illicit drugtrafficking and money laundering due to the clandestine nature and the complexity ofthese offences, including identifying, tracing and freezing the proceeds of crime. In thisrespect, we should introduce, by domestic legislation, innovative legal weapons
provided in the above-mentioned UN Conventions and other international standards,
and implement these more effectively by, for example, improving investigativetechniques, in order to combat such crime.
Furthermore, it is widely acknowledged that due to the inherent global natureof illicit drug trafficking and money laundering, harmonization of countermeasures andinternational cooperation is indispensable, especially so as to deny creating safe havens
to criminals and their illicit proceeds. If a country does not join our concerted battle,
the illicit money will flow into that country and will be laundered. International
cooperation needs to be stressed; information exchange mechanisms, and mutual legal
assistance and extradition needs to be carried out in a more effective and expeditious
manner. Without strengthening international cooperation, we can never win the “waron drugs”.
Taking this into consideration, UNAFEI, as a regional institute (affiliated with
the United Nations) for the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders, decided

5

to undertake a series of international training courses and seminars under the generalsubject of “countermeasures against transnational organized crime”. This course is partof UNAFEI’s continuing commitment to this internationally important theme.

6

Course Summary
Lectures
In total, 9 lectures were presented by visiting experts, 5 by ad hoc lecturers and
4 by the professors of UNAFEI. Five distinguished criminal justice practitioners andscholars from abroad served as UNAFEI visiting experts. They lectured on issues
relating to the main theme, and contributed significantly to the Course by encouraging
discussions after their own lectures, participating in the discussions of otherprogrammes, and conversing with the participants on informal occasions. Additionally,
distinguished senior officials of the Government of Japan delivered ad hoc lectures. The
lecturers and lecture topics are listed on pages 7 and 8.
Individual Presentations
During the first three weeks, each Japanese and overseas participant delivered a
one hour individual presentation, which introduced the actual situation, problems andfuture prospects of his/her country. These papers were compiled onto a CD Rom anddistributed to all the participants. The titles of these individual presentation papers arelisted on pages 9 through 11.
Group Workshop Sessions
Group Workshop Sessions further examined the subtopics of the main theme. In
order to conduct each session effectively, the UNAFEI faculty selected individuals toserve as ‘group members’ for the sub-topics, based on their response to a questionnaire
previously distributed. Selected participants served as chairpersons, co-chairpersons,rapporteurs or co-rapporteurs, and faculty members served as advisers. Each group’s
primary responsibility was to explore and develop their designated topics in the Group
Workshop Sessions. The participants and UNAFEI faculty seriously studied the topics
and exchanged their views based on information obtained through personal experience,
the Individual Presentations, lectures and so forth. After the Group Workshop Sessions,
reports were drafted based on the discussions in the conference room. These reports
were subsequently presented in the plenary meetings and report-back session, where
they were endorsed as the reports of the Course. Very brief summaries of the Group
Workshop reports are provided on pages 12 through 14.
Visits and Special Events
Visits to various agencies and institutions in Japan helped the participants obtaina more practical understanding of the Japanese criminal justice system. In addition to
the Course's academic agenda, many activities were arranged to provide a greater
understanding of Japanese society and culture, with the assistance of variousorganizations and individuals, including the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF).
For more detailed descriptions, please refer to pages 15 to 19.

7

Lecture Topics
Visiting Experts' Lectures
1)

Mr. Hans G Nilsson• Developments in Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition at International Level• Special Investigation Techniques and Developments in Mutual Legal Assistance2)

Mr. Tony Kwok Man-wai•Investigation of Money Laundering and Corruption- Part 1•Investigation of Money Laundering and Corruption- Part 2

3)

Pol. Maj.Gen. Peeraphan Prempooti• Money Laundering in Thailand- Part 1• Money Laundering in Thailand- Part 2

4)

Ms. Linda Samuel• Challenges Facing U.S. Anti-money Laundering Efforts in Transnational CrimePart 1• Challenges Facing U.S. Anti-money Laundering Efforts in Transnational CrimePart 2

5)

Mr. Jean-Paul Laborde• United Nations Convention against Organized Crime.

Professors’ Lectures
1)

Ms. Sue Takasu, Professor, UNAFEI• Investigation and Prosecution in Japan2)

Mr. Toru Miura, Professor, UNAFEI• The Criminal Justice System in Japan: The Courts

3)

Mr. Kei Someda, Professor, UNAFEI• Community-Based Treatment of Offenders in Japan8

4)

Mr. Hiroyuki Shinkai, Professor, UNAFEI• Institutional Corrections in Japan

Ad Hoc Lectures
1)

Mr. Motoo NoguchiCounsel, Office of the General Counsel, Asian Development Bank
• “International Efforts for Combating Money Laundering and the Financing ofTerrorism”

2)

Mr. Junichi Sudo
Deputy Director, Drug Control Division, National Police Agency• “Money Laundering”

3)

Mr. Noriaki Watanabe
Deputy Director, Public Security Department, Tokyo Public Prosecutors Office• “The Present State of Drug-Related Crimes in Japan”

4)

Mr. Tatsuya Kanai
Director, Japan Financial Intelligence Office (JAFIO), Financial Services Agency• “Fight against Money Laundering in Japan- Role of the Japan Financial Intelligence
Office”

5)

Mr. Hakan Oberg
Director, Economic Crimes Bureau, Division for International Affairs, Sweden• “A New Concept for Fighting Economic Crime”

Seminar at Mita Kaigisho
The participants attended a two day Seminar entitled “Counter-Terrorism Conventions
for the Purposes of Encouraging the Accession to the Convention by Countries inSoutheast Asia”. The seminar was held at Mita Kaigisho from 16 to 17 October 2003.

9

Individual Presentation Topics
Overseas Participants
1)

Mr. Phub Dorji (Bhutan)• Country Report

2)

Mr. Mohamed Gamal Adel Sayed Ahmed El Miggbbir (Egypt)• Country Report

3)

Mr. Aro Siinmaa (Estonia)• The Current Situation Concerning Drug Related Crimes andMoney Laundering in Estonia
4)

Mr. Shankar Jiwal (India)• Country Report

5)

Mr. Asra (Indonesia)• Criminalizing Money Laundering in Indonesia and its Problem
6)

Ms. Diah Ayu Hartati (Indonesia)• The Prevention of Money Laundering Crimes in Indonesia

7)

Mr. Sibounzom Bounlom (Laos)• Country Report

8)

Mr. Vilavath Thephithuck (Laos)• Country Report

9)Mr. Jalalludin Bin Abu (Malaysia)• Country Report
10)

Mr. Hussain Rasheed Yoosuf (Maldives)• Country Report

11)

Ms. Syed Nayyar Abbas Kazmi (Pakistan)• Country Report

10

12)

Mr. Antonio Piedad Bartolome (Philippines)• The Menace of Drug Trafficking and Money Laundering in the Philippines: A Great
Challenge to Law Enforcers

13)

Mr. Esaka Deus Ndege Mugasa (Tanzania)• Country Report

14)

Mr. Krirkkiat Budhasathit (Thailand)• Country ReportJapanese Participants
15)

Mr. Hikoichiro Fujisawa (Japan)• The Recent Trend of Drug Offenders (with a focus on adult stimulants and narcotics
cases) and their Treatment- the National Trend and an Analysis of the Situation at
Hachioji Branch, Tokyo Probation Office

16)

Mr. Koji Furusaki (Japan)• The Law Concerning Money Laundering in Japan and Problems with its
Implementation

17)

Mr. Shozo Hirata (Japan)• Special Group Treatment Programs for Stimulant Drug Users and Members of
Boryokudan at Osaka Prison

18)

Mr. Hiroaki Kanosue (Japan)• Japan Coast Guard’s Effective Countermeasures against Illicit Drug Trafficking andMoney Laundering

19)

Ms. Takashi Kume (Japan)• Effective Countermeasures against Illicit Drug Trafficking and Money Laundering
20)

Ms. Kyoko Muto (Japan)• A Case in Which Effective Methods were used to Round Up a Drug Trafficking
Organization

21)

Mr. Masato Nakauchi (Japan)• The Function and Role of Narcotics Control Dapartments for Controlling Drug Abuse
and Tackling Money Laundering

22)

Mr. Tadayuki Sawada (Japan)
Recent Judicial Precedents Regarding Money Laundering and Controlled Delivery in
Japan

•

11

23)

Mr. Toshihiro Suzuki (Japan)• Controlled Delivery in Japan24)

Mr. Ichiro Watanabe (Japan)• The Trend of Sentencing for Illicit Drug Related Crimes in Japan12

Group Workshop Sessions
The following section very briefly summarizes the group workshop session reports.
The full reports will be included in the UNAFEI Resource Material Series.
Group 1
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF DRUG RELATED CRIME IN THE
PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES AND REGIONS
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Mr. Shankar Jiwal
Mr. Hiroaki Kanosue
Mr. Antonio Bartolome
Ms. Kyoko Muto
Mr. Phub Dorji
Mr. Syed Nayyar Abbas Kazmi
Mr. Hikoichiro Fujisawa
Mr. Takashi Kume

(India)(Japan)(Philippines)(Japan)(Bhutan)(Pakistan)(Japan)(Japan)Advisers

Deputy Director Tomoko Akane
Prof. Sue Takasu
Prof. Hiroyuki Shinkai(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report SummaryGroup 1 began by studying the various types of drugs most commonly abused
and trafficked in the participating countries. They then discussed information gathering
techniques such as through informants, the media and electronic surveillance etc. They
then looked at some of the main methods in which an investigation is carried out andexamined the difficulties encountered and the countermeasures that might be employed
to combat such difficulties.
The group then went on to discuss ways in which investigative techniques might
be improved.
It was suggested that knowledge needs to be shared so that all law enforcers areequally able to tackle the investigations. To ensure a thorough and meticulous
investigation, they argued that a standard operating procedure and checklist wasnecessary. Another way to improve the system, it was suggested, was to analyze themistakes and drawbacks encountered in past cases and operations and makeamendments and solutions to improve the strategy for the future.
The group stressed that law enforcers should learn not only to depend upon
human intelligence but also to apply technical intelligence at the same time to achieve
the best results. They also emphasized the need for law enforcement agencies to keep
track of the latest trends in drug trafficking. For example, price fluctuations, changing
modus operandi, routes etc, to enable the enforcement agencies to be in step with theglobal scenario.

13Group 2
COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST ORGANIZED CRIME
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Mr. Aro Siinmaa
Ms. Diah Ayu Hartati
Mr. Krirkkiat Budhasathi
Mr. Masato Nakauchi
Mr. Mohamed Gamal El Miggbbir
Mr. Hussain Rasheed Yoosuf
Mr. Toshihiro Suzuki
Mr. Ichiro Watanabe(Estonia)(Indonesia)(Thailand)(Japan)(Egypt)(Maldives)(Japan)(Japan)Advisers

Prof. Toru Miura
Prof. YasuhiroTanabe
Prof. Kenji Teramura(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report SummaryGroup 2 approached the problem of transnational organized crime in the light of
the UN TOC Convention by at first collecting and analyzing information on the natureof organized crime in participating countries and then researching the possibilities ofusing special investigative techniques under the conditions prescribed by each country’s
domestic law.
The group focused on the proper procedure to secure the admissibility ofevidence in court. They considered it vital to acknowledge that the joint efforts ofdifferent law enforcement agencies both domestically and internationally are necessary
in order to convict organized criminals.
They also addressed the issue of the balance between the fundamental rights ofindividuals, such as privacy and the efforts of law enforcement to protect society against
the menace of organized crime.
They studied in-depth the situation and problems of the new investigativetechniques, such as controlled delivery, electronic surveillance, undercover operations,immunity from prosecution, the witness protection programme and shifting the burdenof proof.
The group concluded that the new techniques mentioned above should be
utilized whenever they were appropriate as they were a useful addition to the traditional
methods currently employed.

14Group 3
EFFECTIVELY TRACING THE PROCEEDS OF CRIME,
FOCUSING ON COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST MONEY LAUNDERING
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Mr. Vilavath Thephithuck
Mr. Jalalludin Bin Abu
Mr. Tadayuki Sawada
Mr. Esaka Deus Ndege Mugasa
Mr. Asra
Mr. Takashi Furusaki
Mr. Sibounzom Bounlom
Mr. Shozo Hirata(Laos)(Malaysia)(Japan)(Tanzania)(Indonesia)(Japan)(Laos)(Japan)Visiting Expert

Mr. Hans G Nilsson(European
Union)

Advisers

Prof. Keisuke Senta
Prof. Kei Someda
Prof. Tamaki Yokochi(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report Summary
The group examined the situation of money laundering in the 13 participating
countries, based on the fact sheets prepared by the group and filled in by the participantsof the 125th training course.
The group discovered that out of 13 participating countries, 11 countries havelegislation criminalizing money-laundering activities. In most cases, the predicate
offences included drug offences and other serious offences. They found that in Estonia,
all criminal offences are predicate offences for money laundering.
Group 3 then examined the problems in investigating and tracing money,
including cooperation with financial institutions. The group identified several solutions
including new legislation, awareness raising, ratification of UN conventions and greater
cooperation between relevant agencies etc.
The group went on to look at the establishment of legal frameworks such as theimplementation of UN conventions. They reviewed the requirements of suchframeworks in detail, discussing the problems they raised as regards implementation
and what solutions could be applied to address these issues. The group looked at thepractical issues in proving the offence of money laundering such as defining andproving the predicate offences, and the degree of mens rea required to secure aconviction.
They then looked into the importance of promoting international cooperation.
The group focused on such matters as extradition, information exchange and joint
investigations. The group’s participants then discussed their own country’s experiences
highlighting their successes and failures, so that other participants could learn from such
experiences.

15

Observation Visits

Date

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

Sept 10National Police Academy• Mr. Takehito Kobayashi
President

Sept 16

Tokyo District Court• Mr. Osamu Ikeda
Deputy Chief Judge of the Tokyo
District Court, Criminal Division.

Sept 17

Tokyo District Public Prosecutors
Office• Mr. Akio Harada
Prosecutor-General

Sept 17

Ministry of Justice• Ms. Mayumi Moriyama
Minister of Justice

Sept 25

Supreme Court• Mr. Tsugio Kameyama
Justice

Oct 14

Fuchu Police Station Police Box• Mr. Kazuo Ito
Deputy Chief of Fuchu Police Station

Oct 14

Tokyo Customs Office• Mr. Shigeki Morinobu
Director GeneralOct 28

Fuchu Dai-ichi Elementary School• Mr. Takahiro Sakai
Principal

Oct 29Fuchu Prison• Mr. Junichi Kanbe
Director

16Group Study Tour

Date

Group

Oct
1~4

Hiroshima,
Osaka and
Kyoto

Agency/Institution

Main Persons
Concerned• Sixth Regional Coast Guard
Headquarters• Mr. Takafumi
Honda, Chief of
Coast Guard
Division• Chief Prosecutor of Hiroshima
High Public Prosecutors Office• Mr. Ichiro Sakai• Nishi-Nihon Immigration
Centre• Mr. Akira
Kawakami• Kyoto District Legal Affairs
Bureau• Mr. Norikazu
Maekawa, Directorof District Legal
Affairs Bureau

17Special Events

Sept 8

Sept 10 to Oct 7

Welcome Party

Japanese Conversation Classes

The overseas participants attended 8 Japanese conversation classes provided by JICA.
They learned practical Japanese expressions. The Sensei (teachers) were Ms. Mari
Kawakami and Ms. Mieko Terao. Iroiro Arigato Gozaimashita.
Sept 12

Ping-pong Tournament

The participants enjoyed a ping-pong tournament at UNAFEI in which the staff andfaculty members of UNAFEI also participated.
Sept 13

Kyurinso Garden

The participants enjoyed a morning walk around beautiful Kyurinso Garden . They thenenjoyed lunch followed by the music and dancing of a local Fuchu band, hosted by the
Rotary Club of Tokyo, Fuchu.
Sept 15

Konnoh Hachimangu Festival

The participants and UNAFEI staff members joined the local community of Minami
Aoyama and paraded through the streets wearing “Hanten” coats and Carrying“Mikoshi”(portable shrines).
Sept 17

Courtesy Visit to the Ministry of Justice andReception by the Vice-Minister of Justice

After visiting the Ministry of Justice, a reception was held by the Vice-Minister ofJustice, Mr. Keiichi Tadaki at the Lawyers Club, Tokyo.
Sept 19

UNAFEI Olympics

The UNAFEI Olympic Games were held on the grounds of the Training Institute for
Correctional Personnel. The participants competed in such events as racket relay and thetrue or false quiz. Afterwards, there was a friendship party at UNAFEI.
Sept 20

The Way of Tea“Chan-no-yu” or “Sado”, a formal Japanese tea ceremony, was demonstrated for theparticipants in Kyodo-no-Mori Park by Ms. Soue Kubo.

18

Sept 20 and Oct 11

Home Visits

ACPF Fuchu Branch organized dinners for the participants in the homes of members
from the Fuchu International Exchange Salon, Tokyo Fuchu Rotary Club and Soroptimist
International of Tokyo, Fuchu. The hosts were Mr. Yoshiyuki Sakano, Ms. Chitose
Sashida, Mr. Yasuhiko Mori, Ms. Fumiko Hoya, Ms. Yoko Nakano, and Mr. Rinsi
Sekiguchi.
Sept 25
ACPF Party
The ACPF hosted an enjoyable party for the participants and their host families at
UNAFEI.
Sept 26

Bowling Tournament

The participants enjoyed bowling at the Fuchu bowling center. Afterwards there wasa small party held at UNAFEI.
Sept 28

Fuchu Community Symphony Orchestra

The participants attended the Fuchu Community Symphony Orchestra- The 48th
Regular Concert at Fuchu Geijutsu Gekijo.
Oct 6

VPO’s International Seminar and Friendship Party

A discussion session was arranged to exchange views between the Volunteer
Probation Officers (VPO’s) and the participants. It was organized by UNAFEI and the
Rehabilitation Bureau of the Ministry of Justice. It was followed by a friendship party at
UNAFEI.
Oct 13Hiking Mount Takao

The participants hiked Mt. Takao with the UNAFEI staff. After enjoying a relaxing
lunch at the summit, they descended the mountain by cable car and chair lifts.
Oct 15

Friendship Party with TICPThe participants enjoyed a friendship party hosted by the TICP. The trainees from the
TICP put on an entertaining show consisting of music and martial arts.
Oct 19

UNAFEI Barbecue Party

The participants and UNAFEI staff enjoyed an afternoon barbecue party on the lawn at
UNAFEI.

19

Oct 20

Koto Music Concert

The Ensemble 21st Century, a traditional Japanese Music group, presented a Koto and
Shakuhachi concert for the participants at UNAFEI. The participants were also given an
opportunity to play the instruments themselves.
Oct 24 and Oct 25

ACPF Study TourThe overseas participants were invited on local trips by five branch organizations of the
ACPF, namely: Shizoka, Nagoya, Sendai, Fukushima and Aomori. Each branch held a
reception in honour of the participants visiting their region.
Oct 28Suntory Brewery Visit

The participants visited the Suntory Brewery where they were given a guided tour.
Afterwards the Fuchu Rotary Club hosted a very enjoyable party.
Oct 30

Farewell Party

20

Reference Materials Distributed

United Nations
Conventions(1) United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs andPsychotropic Substances (Vienna, 20 December 1988, United Nations
Economic and Social Council)(2) Commentary on the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in
Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances (United Nations Publication)(3) United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000)
Model Law
(1) Model legislation on laundering, confiscation and international cooperationin relation to the proceeds of crime 1999 (UN Office of Drugs and Crime)(2) Model Money Laundering and Proceeds of Crime Bill 2000 (UNDCP)
Resolutions and Others(1) Political Declaration and Action Plan against Money Laundering (TheTwentieth Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly, 1998)(2) UN General Assembly Special Session on the World Drug Problem 8-10
June 1998 Feature(3) UN Global Programme against Money Laundering(4) Resolution 45/9 2002: Connections between organized criminal groups
trafficking in drugs and those involved in other types of illicit trafficking:special investigative techniques to counteract such criminality
Current Situation of Illicit Drug Trafficking(1) Global Illicit Drug Trends 2003 (Excerpts) (UN Office on Drugs and Crime)(2) Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2002 (Excerpts)
Current Situation of and Countermeasures against Money Laundering(1) Attacking the Profits of Crime: Drugs, Money and Laundering (UN Office forDrug Control and Crime Prevention, Global Programme against Money
Laundering)(2) The National Money Laundering Strategy for 2001 (Excerpts) (USGovernment)(3) International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2002 (Excerpts) (Bureau forInternational Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Department ofState)(4) National and International Concern of Money Laundering (Letitia Foong)(5) Money Laundering in the 21st Century: Risks and Countermeasures (AustralianInstitute of Criminology)(6) Restraining the Global Threat (Linda M. Samuel, Transnational Organized
Crime Conference 2002)(7) Difficulties and Developments: An Australian Perspective (Carolyn D. Davy,
Transnational Organized Crime Conference 2002)

21(8) Electronic Money Laundering: An Environmental Scan (Department of Justice
Canada Solicitor General Canada, October 1998)(9) Money Laundering: A new International Law Enforcement Model (GUYStessens, 2000)(10) Money Laundering –A Global Threat and the International Community’s
Response (William R. Schroeder, May 2001, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin)(11) Feature Money Laundering (Damien Hendricks, ICPR 432/2000)
Laundering on the Internet –an econometric model for forecasting on-line flows
of dirty money (John Walker)(12) Offshore Financial Centers (Mark D. Ferbrache, May 2001, FBI Law
Enforcement Bulletin)
FATF Activities(1) More about the FATF and Its Work
(2) Basic Facts about Money Laundering(3) The Forty Recommendations (revised in 2003)(4) Interpretative Notes to the Forty Recommendations(5) FATF Annual Report 2002-2003(6) Report on Money Laundering Typologies 2001-2002(7) Report on Money Laundering Typologies 2002-2003
Other International Initiatives to combat money laundering(1) Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceedsfrom Crime (Council of Europe, 8 June 1990)(2) Annual Report 2001-02, Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (Excerpts)(3) Informal Paper on Financial Intelligence Units and the Egmont Group
Investigation Tools
Overview(1) Effective Methods to Combat Transnational Organized Crime in Criminal
Justice Processes (Bruce G. Ohr, See Resource Material Series No. 58,
page 61)(2) Measures of Investigations in Cases of Organized Crime in the Criminal
Process of Germany (Johan Peter Wilhelm Hilger, See Resource Material
Series No. 58, page 82)(3) Effective Methods to Combat Transnational Organized Crime in Criminal
Justice Processes (Franco Roberti, See Resource Material Series No. 58,
page 112)(4) Entrapment and Wiretapping as a Means of Investigation (Dagmar Kube,
Bali, December 1997)(5) Money laundering –A Guide for Criminal Investigation- (John Madinger &Sydney A. Zalopany, 1999)
Controlled Delivery(1) Controlled Delivery (Johan Peter Wilhelm Hilger, See Resource Material
Series No. 58, page 79)(2) The Technique of Controlled Delivery as a Weapon in Dealing with Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (P. D. Cutting,
Bulletin on Narcotics)

22

Electronic Surveillance and Communication Interceptions, etc.
(1) 2002 Wiretap Report (Administrative Office of the US Courts)(2) An overview of electronic surveillance in the United States; Law, Policy,
and Procedure (Julie P. Wuslich, Resource Material Series No. 59)(3) Electronic surveillance in the United States: A case study (Julie P. Wuslich,
Resource Material Series No. 59)(4) Electronic surveillance –A Matter of Necessity- (Thomas D. Colbridge,
J.D., FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, February 2000)
Undercover Operations(1) The Attorney General’s Guidelines on Federal Bureau of Investigation
Undercover Operations (U.S.A.)(2) Undercover Investigations and the Entrapment Defense –Recent Court
Cases- (Thomas. V. Kukura, J.D., FBI Special Agent, FBI Law
Enforcement Bulletin, April 1993)(3) Managing Undercover Stress (Stephen R. Band and Donald C. Sheehan,
FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, November 1998)(4) “Banking on Cocaine” (Time, June 1, 1998)(5) Sting operation uses fake firm to net drugs, laundered cash (Online Athens
News, December 1999)
Utilization of Informants(1) The Attorney General’s Guidelines Regarding the Use of Confidential
Informants (U.S.A.)(2) Informants –Cultivation and Motivation- (James W. Osterburg, Richard H.
Ward, Criminal Investigation)(3) Working with Informants (James E. Hight, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin,
May 2000)(4) Avoiding the Informant Trap (James E. Hight, FBI Law Enforcement
Bulletin, November 1998)
Immunity(1) Witness Immunity (United States Attorney’s Manual)Protection of Witnesses(1) Organized Crime / Witness Protection in Germany (Dr. Johan Peter
Wilhelm Hilger, See Resource Material Series No. 58, page 99)(2) Witness Protection Program Abstract (Division of Criminal Justice Services,
New York State)(3) Witness Protection Program Act (Canada, 1996)(4) “Can I get a witness?” (Washington City Paper Cover Story, May 2000)
Other Effective Methods(1) Conducting Successful Interrogations (David Vessel, FBI Law Enforcement
Bulletin, October 1998)
International Cooperation(1) International Cooperation in Criminal Matters –Extradition and Mutual Legal
Assistance- (Mikinao Kitada, Resource Material Series No.51, at 297)
(2) International Cooperation against Transnational Organized Crime: Extradition
and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (Dr. Matti Joutsen, Visiting
Expert in the 119th International Training Course, UNAFEI(3) International Cooperation against Transnational Organized Crime: The Practical

23

Experience of the European Union (Dr. Matti Joutsen, Visiting Expert in the
119th International Training Course, UNAFEI(4) Money Laundering: A New International Law Enforcement Model (GUYStessens, 2000)(5) Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on joint investigation teams (TheCouncil of the European Union, 2002)(6) Inauguration of EUROJUST(7) U.S. Border Patrol, Overview, the National Border Patrol Strategy“China, Neighbors Renew Drug Battle” (CBS News, August 2001)
Japanese Legislation(1) Law concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control
Law, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit
Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances throughInternational Cooperation(2) Law for Punishment of Organized Crimes, Control of Crime Proceeds andOther Matters(3) Law concerning Interception of Communications for the Purpose of Criminal
Investigation
Terrorist Financing(1) Conventions against Terrorism(2) International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism(3) Resolution 1373 (2001) (UN Security Council)(4) Resolution 1390 (2002) (UN Security Council)(5) Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing (FATF)

24

Experts and Participants List

Visiting Experts
Mr. Hans G Nilsson

Chief of Division,
International Cooperation,Council of the European Union,
Brussels

Mr. Tony Kwok Man-Wai

Former Deputy Commissioner
and Head of Operations,Operations Department,
Independent Commission Against
Corruption,
Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,People's Republic of China

Pol. Maj.Gen. Peeraphan Prempooti

Secretary-General,
International Affairs,
Anti-Money Laundering Office,Thailand

Ms. Linda Samuel

Deputy Chief,
Asset Forfeiture and Money
Laundering Section,
Criminal Division,
U.S. Department Justice,USA

Mr. Jean-Paul Laborde

Chief,
Terrorism Prevention Branch,
United Nations Office on Drugs
and Crime,
Vienna25

Overseas Participants
Mr. Phub Dorji

Officer In-Charge,
City Police Station,
Thimphu,BhutanMr. Mohamed Gamal El Miggbbir

Operations Officer,
Operations Section,
Criminal Investigation Police Dept.,
Egypt

Mr. Aro Siinmaa

Prosecutor,
Tartu Prosecutor's Office,Estonia

Mr. Shankar Jiwal

Zonal Director,
Narcotics Control Bureau,
India

Mr. Asra

Judge, District Court /Assistant Judge,
Supreme Court of Indonesia,
Indonesia

Ms. Diah Ayu Hartati

Public Prosecutor,
Head of Sub Section on Investigation ofSpecial Crimes,
Semarang District Public Prosecution
Office,Indonesia

Mr. Sibounzom Bounlom

Investigator,
Criminal Department,
Office of Public Prosecutor General,
Laos

Mr. Vilavath Thephithuck

Director,
Protocol and Foreign Relations Division,
Ministry of Justice,
Laos

Mr. Jalalludin Bin Abu

Superintendent of Customs,
Royal Customs Department,
Malaysia

26

Mr. Hussain Rasheed Yoosuf

Judge,
Ministry of Justice,
Maldives

Mr. Syed Nayyar Abbas Kazmi

Inspector,
Special Investigation Cell,
Anti-Narcotics Force,
Narcotics Control Division,
Pakistan

Mr. Antonio Bartolome

Chief,
Manhunt Branch,
Police Anti-Crime Emergency Response,
Philippines

Mr. Esaka Deus Ndege Mugasa

Head Anti-Drugs Unit,
Criminal Investigation Department,
Headquarters,
Tanzania

Mr. Krirkkiat Budhasathi

Secretary of the Criminal Court,
The Criminal Court,
ThailandJapanese Participants
Mr. Hikoichiro Fujisawa

Probation Officer,
Tokyo Probation Office,Hachioji Branch Office,Japan

Mr. Takashi Furusaki

Public Prosecutor,
Kyoto District Public Prosecutors Office,Japan

Mr. Shozo Hirata

Chief Programme Supervisor,
Osaka Prison,
Japan

27

Mr. Hiroaki Kanosue

Deputy Chief, Administration and
Planning Division,
Maritime Traffic Department,
10th Regional Coast Guard
Headquarters, Japan Coast Guard,
Japan

Mr. Takashi Kume

Narcotics Agent / Narcotics Control
Officer,
Narcotics Control Department,
Kinki Regional Bureau of Health andWelfare,Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare,Japan

Ms. Kyoko Muto

Public Prosecutor,
Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office,Hachioji Branch Office,Japan

Mr. Masato Nakauchi

Narcotics Agent / Narcotics Control
Officer,
Narcotics Control Department,
Kanto-Shinetsu Regional Bureau ofHealth and Welfare,
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare,Japan

Mr. Tadayuki Sawada

Assistant Judge,
Saitama Family Court,
Japan

Mr. Toshihiro Suzuki

Public Prosecutor,
Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office,Tokyo, Japan

Mr. Ichiro Watanabe

Assistant Judge,
Osaka District Court,
Tokyo, Japan

28

INFORMATION ABOUT PROGRAMMES & ACTIVITIESSpecial Training Programmes

1. Special Course for Indonesia on “Comparative Study on Legal and Judicial
Systems for their Reform”
A country-focused course for Indonesia entitled “Comparative Study on Legal and
Judicial Systems for their Reform” was held from 2 June to 5 July by the International
Cooperation Department, Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Justice of Japan incollaboration with UNAFEI. The participants stayed at UNAFEI from 23 June to 1 Julyand studied the Japanese criminal justice system and its practice, etc.

2. Special Seminar on the Japanese Justice System for the Office of the Public
Prosecutor General of the Macau Special Administrative Region
The “Special Seminar on the Japanese Justice System for the Office of the Public
Prosecutor General of the Macau Special Administrative Region” was held at UNAFEI
from 24 to 29 August 2003. There were 29 participants from Macau which included theProsecutor General, 7 public prosecutors and 21 officers from the public prosecutors
office. The aim of the seminar was to enable the Macau participants to understand theJapanese justice system, compare it with their own system and hopefully come away withideas for the improvement of their system.

29

Forthcoming Training Programmes

1.

Fourth Special Seminar for Kenya on Juvenile Delinquent Treatment Systems
UNAFEI will hold the Fourth Special Seminar for Kenyan criminal justiceofficials who are working for the prevention of delinquency and the treatment of juvenile
delinquents in their country. The Seminar, entitled “Juvenile Delinquent Treatment
Systems”, will be held from 4 November until 28 November 2003. The Seminar will
expose Kenyan officials to the workings of the Japanese juvenile justice and treatment
systems through lectures and observation visits to relevant agencies.

2.

Sixth Special Training Course on Corruption Control in Criminal Justice
UNAFEI will conduct the Sixth Special Training Course entitled “Corruption

Control in Criminal Justice” from 4 November until 28 November 2003. In this course,
Japanese and foreign officials engaged in corruption control will comparatively analyze
the current situation of corruption, methods of corruption prevention, and measures toenhance international cooperation.

3.

The 126th International Senior Seminar
The 126th International Training Course entitled “Economic Crime in a

Globalizing Society ~ Its Impact on the Sound Development of the State” will be heldfrom 13 January to 13 February 2004.
Rationale
Sustainable economic development is an indispensable and critical factor for theprosperity of the state and pursuit of human well-being. In the last 15 years or so,
political democratization infiltrated society throughout the world, and most counties
introduced or further promoted a market economy. Despite the recent depression in the30

global economy, many countries have tried to reform their socio-economic structure andpromote free trade mechanisms to ensure their sound economic development. As aresult, the world economy has globalized rapidly. Although the level of economic
development varies from county to country, every country aims to protect its national
property as well as encourage sound transactions in order to achieve sustainableeconomic development. However, with economic globalization, economic crimes havealso been globalized, and its modus operandi has become more complicated andsophisticated. This has resulted in difficulties in their detection and investigation.
Economic crimes not only harm individuals, but also sometimes cause great loss
to public property, and it results in damaging investors’ confidence in doing businessthere and may lead them to invest elsewhere. Thus economic crimes may ultimately
undermine the fundamental basis for the sound socio-economic development in eachcountry. Therefore, every country must recognize the importance of fighting economic
crime and consider how they can enhance effective countermeasures.
The United Nations has regarded the prevention of crime as a crucial factor forthe establishment of international economic order since its 7th Congress in 1985. It has
also granted priority to tackling economic crime as well as transnational crime,
organized crime and money laundering at the Commissions on Crime Prevention andCriminal Justice in the 1990s. At the 10th Congress in 2000, reaffirming that the choiceof preventive measures against crime may often vary depending on the stage of eachcountry’s development, a new strategy for combating the increase in crime wasdiscussed under the topic “Effective Crime Prevention: Keeping Pace with New
Developments” under the main theme “Crime and Justice: Meeting the Challenges ofthe 21st Century”. The 11th Congress will be held in Thailand (Bangkok) in 2005 andthe provisional agenda “Economic and Financial Crimes: Challenges to Sustainable
Development” and a provisional workshop “Measures to Combat Economic Crime,
Including Money-Laundering” have been approved.
In addition to the transformation of the socio-economic structure, the recent
rapid development in communications technology and transportation have further
promoted globalization and diversification of activities in the economic field, which aremostly business/financial transactions, and have increased in quantity tremendously. We
can see a myriad of transnational economic activities all over the world. In accordancewith such phenomena, economic crimes have globalized, the modus operandi of suchcrimes has become more advanced, and their scale has been increasing. In the last
several years, this trend has been accelerated by the quick proliferation of computers, a
rapid increase in the number of customers for Internet services and the expansion of a31credit-card society. Crimes committed by using the Internet as a tool easily transcend
national borders and prevail all over the world by their very nature. This makes theinvestigation of such transnational economic crimes more difficult. Thus, as economic
crimes in a globalizing society do not stay in one country but prevail across national
borders, they present a menace to international society and hamper the sounddevelopment of the world economy. Recognizing such hazards, we have to increaseinternational cooperation to take effective countermeasures against economic crimes.
One of the remarkable characteristics of economic crimes in a globalizing
society is that the crimes are well-organized. With globalization, economic crimes arebeing committed on a larger scale, are more complex, and tend to be committed bywell-organized groups. This is one of the factors that makes the prevention andinvestigation of such crimes tougher. Corporate crime is a typical economic crimecommitted in a well-organized manner. Corporate related economic crimes usuallycause larger-scale damage and have a terrible effect on the economy. We must also notforget the involvement of organized criminal groups in economic crimes. Criminalgroups are involved in not only illegal activities such as drug trafficking, smuggling of
persons and firearms trafficking, but also the management of companies by disguisinglegal transactions for illicit proceeds. The United Nations adopted the “Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime” and its protocols concerning trafficking infirearms, trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants, and requires states to takeappropriate steps to combat organized crime. Economic crimes committed in a wellorganized manner greatly affect society and effective countermeasures should be taken
expeditiously.
Furthermore, we cannot ignore corruption as one of the economic crimes having
a great impact on the national economy. Corruption is a crime itself, as well as acatalyst that promotes other types of economic crimes and also often aids in concealing
them. Moreover, corruption undermines the sound development of a market economy as
it interrupts fair economic competition. In this regard, the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) adopted the “Convention on Combating Briberyof Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions” in 1997 in order toprotect international business transactions. Corruption conducted by high-ranking public
officials has especially serious consequences. That is, such officials line their own
pockets with public funds which should be used for the people’s healthcare services,education and the social infrastructure of the country, etc.
Economic crimes in this globalizing society range from conventional types suchas embezzlement and breach of trust to new types such as collusive bidding, cartels,

32

insider trading, market manipulation, financial crime and computer crime which are
increasingly getting more diversified, complicated and sophisticated. These new typesof economic crimes have characteristics such that the victims and/or the damage cannot
be identified nor measured, but this does not mean that the damage is not serious.
Because the damage caused by such new types of economic crime may harm consumers
in general, and may deprive the country of investors’ confidence and the ability tocompete.
Although we will not focus on the money laundering issue in this Seminar, wehave to pay considerable attention to the illegal proceeds gained by economic crimes
which are laundered in various forms to secure the perpetrator’s illegal earnings.
According to a survey conducted by the United Nations and other organizations, it isestimated that approximately 500 billion to 1 trillion U.S. dollars of illegal proceeds arelaundered every year. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime requires state parties to extend the predicate offences for money laundering fromdrug offences to other serious offences, including economic crimes.
It is said that “prevention” is second to none in combating crime, therefore all ofus need to be well equipped with the appropriate preventive measures to combat
economic crimes. It is very important for every sector such as the government,
corporations and business to establish a legal and/or organizational system of “goodgovernance” including integrity, transparency, equity and accountability, as well as toapply and implement such laws appropriately. It is also considered effective to establish
independent monitoring organizations and/or an ombudsmen system in order to secure
good governance.
In the criminal justice field, firstly, from the perspective of substantive law, wehave to identify and criminalize new types of economic crimes, which cannot be dealt
with by traditional criminal law. Thus, for example, crimes related to “bonds” or“securities”, need to be criminalized as the market economy evolves and economic
crimes diversify. We have to carefully consider meaningful sanctions including
alternative administrative measures because criminal punishment alone has a limited
effect on offenders or offending corporations as far as corporate crimes are concerned.
Appropriate legal measures and resources should be allocated to law
enforcement agencies in order to investigate, prosecute and pursue trials relating toserious economic crimes and money laundering effectively. As for law enforcement
agencies, for the purpose of tackling complicated economic crimes, experts in the fieldof financial transactions and/or computer technology, for example, should be invited tojoin the investigations or a special investigative unit or agency consisting of experts

33

should be established. Without such expertise, it might be difficult for the investigators
to deal with complicated economic crimes. Since influential politicians, high-ranking
public officials, financiers and businessmen may be sometimes deeply involved ineconomic crimes, the independence of the investigative agencies for economic crimeshould be secured so as not to be influenced by them. As for the investigative method,
new types of investigative techniques such as interception of communication andundercover operations as well as traditional techniques should be fully utilized to detectclandestine activities. Moreover, a system of utilizing whistle-blowers and/or immunity
could be set up so as to gather information and evidence. Especially in the investigationof economic crimes, transaction records of financial institutions play a critical role inproving guilt, therefore it is necessary for each country to establish enforceable
measures to collect such evidence and not to be hampered by bank secrecy laws. To
show that economic crimes do not pay, an appropriate legal framework for the forfeitureand confiscation of illegal proceeds should be established and thoroughly enforced.
The cooperation and exchange of information amongst all sectors such as
investigative agencies, administrative organizations and private enterprises are also
indispensable in carrying out the effective investigation of economic crimes. Suchcooperation and information exchange should be conducted both at a national andinternational level.
At the trial stage, securing testimony is a big concern especially in cases where
economic crimes are committed by well-organized groups and the witnesses themselves
are involved in the case. In such cases, witnesses tend to refuse to testify due to fear ofpunishment and/or retaliation by the offender.
In consideration of the above, UNAFEI which is a regional training institute forthe prevention of crime and the treatment offenders of the United Nations is holding the126th Senior Seminar focusing on serious economic crimes in the 21st century.

4. Ninth Special Seminar for Senior Criminal Justice Officials of the People’s
Republic of China
The Ninth Special Seminar for Senior Criminal Justice Officials of the People’s
Republic of China will be held from 23 February to 12 March 2004.

34

5.

Third Seminar on the Judicial System for Tajikistan

The Third Seminar on the Judicial System for Tajikistan will be held from 1 March
to 19 March 2004 at UNAFEI. The course will focus on measures for preventing
Juvenile crime, treatment of Juvenile offenders in correctional facilities and support
for reintegration of offenders into society after release.

35

ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS

Overseas Trips by Staff
Ms. Sue Takasu (Professor) visited Malaysia as an Independent Assessment Expert for
the World Bank and IMF from 13 to 24 July 2003 to assess the effectiveness of the law
enforcement concerning anti-money laundering and combating financing terrorism.
Mr. Kunihiko Sakai (Director) and Mr.Hiroyuki Shinkai (Professor) attended the “Fifth
International Training Course on Effective Treatment Measures to Facilitate theReinsertion and the Rehabilitation of Inmates into the Society”, held in Costa-Rica from13 to 26 July 2003.
Ms. Tomoko Akane (Deputy Director), Mr. Kenji Teramura (Professor) and Mr.
Someda (Professor) visited Kenya from 22 July to 13 August 2003 as short-term experts,
as part of a JICA international assistance scheme providing special support to theChildren’s Department of Kenya.
Ms. Tomoko Akane (Deputy Director), Mr. Toru Miura (Professor) and Mr. Kiyoshi
Ezura visited the People’s Republic of China from 31 August to 6 September 2003 forthe purpose of fostering international exchange between the respective criminal justiceadministrations.
Mr. Kunihiko Sakai (Director) and Keisuke Senta (Professor) visited Bangkok,
Thailand from 17 to 23 August 2003 to do preparatory research for the cooperative
project for the NCC between Thailand and UNAFEI.
Mr. Keisuke Senta (Professor) attended the APG for money laundering in Macau from
14 to 20 September 2003.
Mr. Toru Miura (Professor) and Ms. Tamaki Yokochi (Professor) visited Uzbekistan,
Kyrgyz and Tajikistan from 14 to 29 October 2003 to consider the necessity of
establishing a training course for the Central Asian countries.

36

Ms.Tamaki Yokochi (Professor) visited the Philippines from 14 to 18 July 2003, to takepart in the 2nd J-Net Seminar on the Revitalization of Volunteer Probation Aid for thePhilippines.

37

FACULTY AND STAFF OF UNAFEI

Faculty:
Mr. Kunihiko Sakai
Ms. Tomoko Akane
Mr. Toru Miura
Mr. Kenji Teramura
Mr. Kei Someda
Mr. Yasuhiro Tanabe
Mr. Keisuke Senta
Ms. Sue Takasu
Ms. Tamaki Yokochi
Mr. Hiroyuki Shinkai
Mr. Simon Cornell

Director
Deputy Director
Professor, Chief of Training Division
Professor, Chief of Research Division
Professor, Chief of Information and Library Science
Division
Professor, 125th Course Programming Officer
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Linguistic Adviser

Secretariat:
Mr. Kiyoshi Ezura

Chief of Secretariat

Mr. Yoshiyuki

Deputy Chief of Secretariat

Fukushima
General and Financial Affairs Section:
Mr. Yoshihiro Miyake

Chief

Mr. Wataru Inoue
Ms. Chika Yamashita
Mr. Osamu Miyakawa
Mr. Mitsuo Dai

DriverMr. Teruo Kanai

Maintenance
Maintenance

Mr. Noboru Kaneko
Ms. Akiko Tsubouchi

Training and Hostel Management Affairs Section:
Mr. Makoto Nakayama
Chief
Mr. Tatsufumi Koyama
Ms. Akiko Masaki

38

Ms. Tsubura Miyagawa
Ms. Shinobu Nagaoka

125th Course Assistant Programming Officer

International Research Affairs Section:
Mr. Ryousei Tada
Chief
Ms. Keiko Noda
Librarian
Secretarial Staff:
Ms. Minako Fujimura
Ms. Kumiko Yanagisawa
Kitchen:Mr. Misao Saito

Chef

JICA Coordinator:
Ms. Miki Yamamoto

UNAFEI Home Page: http://www.unafei.or.jp
UNAFEI E-mail: unafei@moj.go.jp