Challenges for Fluorinated Gases controlin Japan
Reflecting The Kigali amendment to Montreal protocol

July 2017
Fluoride Gases Management OfficeMETI, Japan

Ⅰ-１. Control of fluorocarbons

 Control of Ozone Layer Depletion Substances (ODSs)：
For protecting Ozone layer and proper implementation of the Montreal Protocol,
production and consumption of ODSs such as CFCs and HCFCs is controlled by Ozone
layer protection law.

 Consumption of all ODSs including fluorocarbons under the Montreal Protocol has
been/will be phased-out by production/export/import licenses.
 As a result, consumption of alternative fluorocarbons (HFCs), which has no ozone
depletion potential, has been steadily increased recently.
UNIT：ODP t

ＨＣＦＣ

4,000

2,500

450

HCFC Reduction
Steps for Japan

2,000

400
350
300
250
200

1,500

150

1,000

100

500
0

ＨＦＣ

500

3,500
3,000

ＣＦＣ

500
2004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

1

Ⅰ-２. Control of fluorocarbons
 Reducing Global Warming Potential ：Reflecting a projection of increasing HFCs emissions, which have no Ozone Depletion
Potential but high Global Warming Potential (GWP), comprehensive measures have been
introduced under the modified law, the Act on Rational Use and Proper Management ofFluorocarbons since 2015 as well as broader control by Act on Global WarmingCountermeasures with other GHGs under the target of UNFCCC.

CFC, HCFC

HFC
ＦＣｌ
Ｆ ＣＣｌ

Ｆ

CFC-12・0DP=1.0
・GWP=10,900

Ｈ
Ｆ ＣＣｌＦ

Substitutes

HCFC-22・0DP=0.055
・GWP=1,810

Lower GWP HFC,
Natural Refrigerant, etc.

Ｈ ＣＦＦ
ＣＦ Ｈ

Ｈ ＨＣＦ Ｆ

HFC-32＋ Ｆ
HFC-125

CO2HFC-134a・0DP=0・GWP=1,430

Ｈ ＣＦＦＣＦ ＦSubstitutes

HFC-410a・0DP=0・GWP=2,090（HFC-32とHFC125の混合ガス）

A projection ofincreasing amountof HFCs emissions

Protection of Ozone Layer
・Montreal Protocol/Vienna Prevention of Global WarmingConvention
・ Ozone Layer Protection Law

・UNFCCC/ ・ Act on Global
Warming Countermeasures

Air
HFONH3HC
Blend

Comprehensive Measures/ ・ Rational Use andProper Management2

Ⅱ-1. Overview of revised Act covering entire life cycle

 The Act has been implemented since April 2015, requests all stakeholders to make efforts
to reduce emissions of HFC
Target 43.4 mil-tCO2 (2020), 36.5 mil-tCO2 (2025)(1) Phase-down HFCs

(2) Promote low GWP products
Refrigerator

Air conditioner

Products withalternatives

Low GWP HFCs
Natural Refrigerant
Insulators

Manufacturersof HFCs

Users ofproducts

Dust blowers

HFCs

Manufacturers of products
containing HFCs

Approved
recyclersSupermarkets

Periodicalcheck
Promotion ofrecycling(4) Promote propercollection, destruction
and recycling
Approved
destructors

Maintenance

Report ofleakage(3) Prevent leakage
from commercialequipment
Registered re-fillers/recovery operators

Scope of previous Law3Ⅱ-２-１. For Producers and Importers
 Effort to reduce GWP of products① Convert to law GWP fluorocarbons or non-fluorocarbons of their products② Necessary technical development and facility investment. Enhancement of recycling anddestruction
Sequence of program:• Government publishes outlook of consumption of fluorocarbons in 2020 and 2025 (in March 2015).
• Producers and importers establish their improvement plans reflecting the outlook, and reports themto the government.
• Government follows up with producers/importers regarding implementation of their plan.
＜2020 Outlook＞
43.4 mil CO2t (Reduction of 40% from BAU)
＜2025 Outlook＞
36.5 mil CO2t (Reduction of 50% from BAU)
Contents of improvement plans・Target of consumption in 2020
 Projected figure is below 43.2 mil・Technical development plan, Facility investigation plan,
Recycling and destruction plan All producers include their technical improvement
plans for reducing their total GWP production*consumption=production + import - export4

Ⅱ-２-２. Current progress with the rational use of fluorocarbons
 47.73mil. CO2-t (9.6% decreased over the previous FY) of HFC consumption wasreported in total by the producers and importers (beyond 0.01mil.CO2-t on themarket) during FY2015. Which is approx. 10% reduction over the previous FY,
before the enforcement of the law.
Fluorocarbons placed on the market
by 15 companies（mil. CO2-t）【Breakdown per refrigerant】

52.80347.734 Prospect amount of use determined byRefrigerant

the Government

43.40

R3242.40（Plan）

R143a
9%

R134a12%R125
35%

32%0（FY）【Breakdown per company】
mil.CO2-t
mil.CO2-t

R325.686

R12516.711

R134a15.029

R143a4.406

Other HFCs

5.898

TOTAL2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020mil. CO2-t

47.734**The total of decimal point does notmatch due to rounding.

ABCDEF

GH

17.4

12.05

7.38

3.759

1.58

1.427

1.38

1.09

IJKL

M

NO

0.98

0.271

0.177

0.172

0.067

0TOTAL047.7345

Ⅱ-２-３. Relationship to rational use plan of Fluorocarbons
 Total amount placed on the market in FY2015 taking into account small business
operators (less than 0.01mil.CO2-t) is estimated 48.524mil.CO2-t and 5.139mil.CO2-t
reduction (9.6% decrease over the previous FY).
 Considering total reduction target (10.473mil.CO2-t) with the rational use plan by eachproducer or importer by FY2020, actual reduction amount over the previous FY（5.139mil.CO2-t) is corresponding to 49.6% and it shows steady progress towards theprospect amount of use for FY2020 determined by the Government.

2014（result）
2015（result）
2020（rationaluse plan）

5.139

Approx. 5.334(Unit: mil.CO2-t)

Other(86)

15 companies reported (52.803）
Other(79)

15 companies reported (47.734)
Approx. 42.40
15 companies reported- 9.6％

512.4万CO2-t

Other(79)Prospect（2020FY）
Approx.43.19

43.40

48.52453.663
6Ⅱ-3. For Manufacturers of Products using Fluorocarbons
 Manufacturers and Importers of the designated products are required to replace highGWP products with alternatives using low-GWP or non-fluorocarbons for their shipment.
 The targets are designed taking into account safety, energy efficiency, economicaffordability etc. and will be reviewed as needed. Also, other products are consideredwhen conditions are right and added to the targets.
Designated products ※Current refrigerant (GWP)

Room air conditioning

R410A(2090)
R32(675)

Commercial air conditioning(for offices and stores)

R410A(2090)

Cold storage warehouses（for more than 50,000 ㎥）

R404A(3920)
R410A(2090)
R407C(1774)
CO2(1)
R404A(3920)
Ammonia (single digit)

Mobile air conditioning

R134a(1430)

Condensing unit and refrigerating unit
(for separate type showcases, etc.)

Urethane foam
(house construction materials)
Dust blowers※ With some exceptions.

HFC-245fa(1030)
HFC-365mfc(795)
HFC-134a(1430)
HFC-152a(124)
CO2(1), DME(1)Target value(GWP)

Target year

７５０２０１８

７５０

２０２０

１５００

２０２５

１００

２０１９

１５０

２０２３

１００

２０２０

１０２０１９7

Ⅱ-４. For business users of products using fluorocarbons
To prevent leakage, users are required to conduct periodic checks and to arrange for
immediate repairs in case of leakage, and are prohibited from refilling without making
repairs. Users are requested to maintain records and report cases of substantial leakage.

users

Government

Reportingleakageamount over
1,000 CO2-t
annually

Record“ log book ”
Disclose Type/amount of refrigeration used Reports on maintenance including periodic
checks & repair record, date & time, result etc.

Repair/refilling

Explain cause of malfunction whenleakage is identified.

*Leakage amount is estimated from amount of refilling

Maintenance operators( registered fillers & recovery operators)

Call a service immediately
to arrange repair/refill
as soon as leakage is found.

Periodicalcheck8

Ⅱ-５. Result of Recovery, Recycle and Destruction○Fluorocarbons recovered from commercial refrigeration and air conditioning
equipment by the Registered re-fillers/recovery operators in FY2015 is 4,841 ton(9.4% increase over the previous FY) in which approx.3,499 ton is collected at thefinal disposing stage. The amount is estimated approx. 38% of potential total
disposing gases and 6% increase over the previous FY.
○ Destructed fluorocarbons by the approved destructors is 4,819ton, approx. 7.2%
increase over the previous FY and recycled ones by the approved recyclers is 965ton.
【Transition of fluorocarbons amount】
Recycle※平成19年度より整備時におけるフロン類の回収量報告を義務化

Destruction

9Ⅲ-1. Phase down schedule in Kigali Amendment
 The amendment proposals to add HFCs, that have global warming potentials, to the listof control substances on production and consumption under the Montreal Protocol forphasing down had been discussed between parties continuously since 2009 andresulted in adoption of the amendment at the 28th meeting of the parties in Kigali,
Rwanda in October 2016 (Kigali Amendment).
 The phase down schedules agreed by the parties are as indicated.
HFCs phase-down schedule on Production and Consumption (*3)
Baseline
FormulaDeveloping countries Group 1 (*1)

Developing countries
Group 2 (*2)

Developed Countries

2020-20222024-2026

2011-2013

Average HFC consumption + HCFC
baseline 65%

Average HFC consumption +HCFC baseline 65%

Average HFC consumption +HCFC baseline 15%

Freeze20242028 (*4)

NAReduction Steps

2029 90%2035 70%2040 50%2045 20%2032年 90%2037年 80%
2042年 70%
2047年 15%2019 90% (*5)
2024 60%
2029 30%2034 20%2036 15%(*1) Group 1: Article 5 parties not part of Group 2(*2) Group 2: GCC, India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan(*3) Technology review in 2022 and every 5 years(*4) Technology review 4-5 years before 2028 to consider the compliance deferral of 2 years from the freeze of 2028 ofArticle 5 Group 2 to address growth in relevant sectors above certain threshold.
(*5) For Belarus, Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan 25% HCFC component of baseline and different initial twosteps (1) 5% reduction in 2020 and (2) 35% reduction in 2025.

10Ⅲ-2. The amendment and its impact to Japan○The amendment to Montreal Protocol imposed reduction on its calculated level ofproduction and consumption (average 2011-2013) HFCs from 2019 thru 2036 down to
15% and some other controls to the developed countries including Japan.
○As we continue our steady engagement with the Act on Rational Use and Proper
Management of Fluorocarbons, it is presumable to accomplish the reduction target by2025 and can be achievable even beyond 2025 with continuous R&D efforts.
○On the other hand, it would be a great opportunity on enhancement of competitivenessfor refrigeration and air conditioning industry with investigated new technology such aspromoting new refrigerants.
(mil.CO2-t)

Reduction flow of fluorocarbons in Japan

Approx. 70【baseline】▲10％

approx.50▲40％Prospectamount of use

2015年

2019年

2024年

▲70％

2029年

▲80％

▲85％

2034年 2036年-

11Ⅲ-３.Domestic F-gas control measures and the Amendment
 The substances including CFCs and HCFCs that deplete the Ozone Layer arecontrolled for its production and consumption (Quota system) by the Act on theProtection of the Ozone Layer through the Control of specified substances andother measures. The fluorocarbons are comprehensively managed fromproduction to destruction by the Act on Rational Use and Proper Managementof Fluorocarbons.
 New control measures on HFCs production and consumption such as quota
system will be needed in line with the Kigali Amendment.
Domesticlaws and theprotocol

Protection of theOzone Layer ※Substances

Substances that deplete
the Ozone Layer（CFCs and HCFCs）

Controlmeasures Allowance on
production amount Control import andexport（※ by the Export Trade Control
Order and etc.

Rational Use and Proper
Management of
Fluorocarbons

KigaliAmendment

CFCs, HCFCs

HFCs

HFCs
 Reduction plan by Producers(gases・equipment）
 Periodical check onequipment and report onleakage by users
 Proper charge and recovery
 Proper recycle anddestruction

 Allowance on
productionamount Control importand export

1213