Recovery in Leyte, the Philippines:
Tacloban City after Typhoon Haiyan
Masashi Inoue

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants INC.
The University of Tokyo (Cooperative Researcher)
ACECC-TC21 JSCE internal committee (Secretary General)

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Situation of reconstruction from the Typhoon Haiyan
3. Issues during and after the relocation
4. Findings from the view of TDA
5. Summary

1. Introduction
Nov. 8, 2013, Typhoon Haiyan(Yolanda)- Storm surge higher than 5m- Casualty: 6,300, missing: 1,062- Collapse:12,270, partially damage:46,553

Relocation from No Build ZoneFebruary, 2023
Post-audit survey
by TC21

Source: http://www.noone-special.com
https://mranola.wordpress.com

Construction of tide embankment

Source：https://news.mb.com

Review the situation
AFTER reconstructionin the view of TDA

Interview Survey
National level : DPWH (We could not get appointment with National Housing Authority.)
City level: 4 departments at Tacloban City Government
Barangay level: 4 Barangay and 3 citizens groups

2. Situation of reconstruction from the Haiyan
1) Tide embankment (2016-)- 95% of tide embankment construction was completed.
- Height of embankment was determined based on JICA study.
- There’s no flood/storm surge occurred after embankment,even in the one of the greatest typhoon hit the Philippines(Odette, international name; Rai, 2021)

2. Situation of reconstruction from the Haiyan2) Relocation
・Out of the target housing units of 212,618 under
the Yolanda Permanent Housing Program(2014), only
156,219 units (73%) were completed as at December
31, 2021.
（Source: National Housing Authority Annual Audit Report 2021）

・Of total target housing units, 194,918 units areundertaken by the NHA（National Housing Authority）,
and the remaining 17,700 by Tacloban city.
・According to the city planning section of Tacloban
city, 2,000 units out of 17,700 are still leaving in thecoast because of land acquisition and arrangement
for utility.

3. Issues during and after the relocation
1) During relocation
・No water, no electricity, even no window at relocated sites.
・No choice for the residents to choose relocation sites (all determined by governments)-> community were scattered to different relocation sites2) After relocation
・Many relocated residents still register to original barangay(village).
-> Original barangay chief has to distribute goods to remote areas.
・Back to original places due to livelihoods problem
・One of the relocation site was located at hazard prone catchment/basin.
・Cholera broke out at the downstream village because of the poor sewage treatment.
-> Additional fund for rehabilitation is being required.

4. Findings from the view of TDA
1) Conflict between national and city government
・Some relocation sites by NHA were determined without development
permission by local government.
・This kind of conflict accelerated after 2017 Marching order from thePresident to build and completed the relocation in just 3 months

4. Findings from the view of TDA2) Effective support from the citizen group and third partyA) Homeowners Association:・Managing rule at new resettlement sites and complains such as boundary/border disputes
・Good relationship with barangay (information sharing / cooperation on troubleshooting)B) Third party including Catholic Relief Services(CRS) and private sector
・Third party like CRS appointed staffs to follow-up relocation sites until everything is fine.
・It is pointed out that relocated area with third party is relatively in good governance.
(Ex: Local rule at relocation sites were discussed and signed by people, under management of CRS.)

5. Summary
Purpose of relocation is notjust providing houses, but
getting back the normal life
with enough quality of living
environment.

Space
allocationSpace
allocation

Quality
QualitySpace
allocationSpace
allocation

Integrated
PlanSpaceallocation

City Services

Space
allocation

Good sector/stakeholder
coordination is essential on
relocation.

Roads &Drainage

astement

Livelihood
SewageWater
pollution

Roads & Drainage
dependencies – DPWH / CEOLEYECO & LMWD requirespace for water / power
supply lines
LMWD requires space forsewage lines

Space allocation& Quality

Housing dependencies – NHA / LGU-DepEd needs minimum 5000m2 in majority of sites for permanentbuilding and corresponding space for TLS-CHO needs 1500m2 allocated for 1 District Health Center inGuadalupe-CHO/CENRO needs 2000-6000m2 in each site for waste watertreatment-Police need space allocation for 1 sub-station in Greendale-CSWDO need space allocation in each site for Daycare centersSpaceallocation

Waste water dependencies – NHA / LGU
LMWD require uncontaminated rivers/ creeks in the north to use as water
sources

Housing quality – NHA / LGU
Structural quality, water supply pipes,
electrical connections and waste water
treatment facilities to be audited for quality

5. Summary
In the first place, there was very limited land for new resettlement in Tacloban.
”Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning / Pre-reconstruction plan” (事前復興計画)-> Local governments and residents discuss and formulate a plan
to determine to which area relocate, in case disaster devastated the area.

Workshop in Minabe town, Japan(Source: Kii Minpo)

Guide for pre-disaster recovery planning by UN and FEMA

Thank you very much for your kind attention