International Veterinary and Conservation Medicine
Education Program [IVCMEP]

Building upon generations of collaboration between University of Zambia andHokkaido University for the future of Africa – Japan relations

O ne

•

International Cooperation•

Interdisciplinary Approach•

Cross-cultural Understanding

H e al t h•Environmental Conservation•

Disease Control•

Sustainable Natural Resources

Human Resource Development for Conservation Medicine
The concept of "conservation medicine" is a new academic field that has spread rapidly around the world since thebeginning of the year 2000. Environmental changes caused by human activities and the associated health problems
caused by infectious diseases and pollutants are issues that must be solved worldwide. Conservation medicine is basedon the concept of One Health, which considers health not only of humans, but also of animals, ecosystems, society,and, more broadly, the entire planet. The promotion of conservation medicine requires multidisciplinary collaborationthat transcends the boundaries of the humanities and sciences, including medicine, ecology, veterinary medicine,engineering, agriculture, economics, earth sciences, informatics, literature, and anthropology.We have established acurriculum that allows students from various fields to participate.

Program name & concepts
The acronym "IVCMEP" stands for International Veterinary andConservation Medicine Education Program. IVCMEP reads as "I've comeup". This is based on the concept of a cycle of knowledge in whichhuman resources raised through exchange between the Universityof Zambia (UNZA) and Hokkaido University (HU) return to their homecountries and lead the next generation in their respective countries.
A logo is designed to represent the concept of One Health, in which
various fields are interrelated and the health of the entire planet isconsidered, and the other is shaped in green, the base color of thenational flags of Hokkaido University and the Republic of Zambia.

1

Program Introduction

Cource Outline

Evaluation based on Competency and Rubric
Competency is used as an evaluation index of achievement

R u b r i c s e t f o r I VC M EP 202 2

that specifically indicates the knowledge, skills, and behaviors
that can be summarized in a chart called Rubric when
students achieve each goal. . Students who are evaluated canunderstand "what behavioral characteristics were evaluated"and "which behavioral characteristics were inadequate,” veryclearly when they refer to the assessment sheet. It can greatly
help students with their motivations to study. This year, wehave created and implemented a rubric with five levels asshown in the table.

Sika deer (Cervus nippon )2

Program Introduction

Outline of theProgram in 2022
◤ Receiving students from Zambia

Participatns from the University of Zambia

Activities in Hokkaido, Japan
Visiting Hokkaido

Pre-training[Jul. 17 - 29][June - July]• Onlie learning on Japanese culture • Intensive course for chemicalhazard control

and language• Preparation for Lab Rotation• Field visit for environmental

management at a mining site

• Field study at Shiretoko National
Park• Lab rotation

OUTLINE
lGeneral guidance to this classInternational Veterinary and Conservation
Medicine Education Program to foster the
next generation of human resources tobridge between Africa and Japan:
Japanese culture

lJapanese culture & societylQuick language training

Lab Rotation at Hokkaido University
In order to achieve One Health, the ability to identify/solve issues thatare occurring in society today and the ability to communicate acrossdisciplines and cultures are indispensable. Therefore, we set at least
two days during the stay in Japan for students to visit laboratories
at Hokkaido University according to their interests and expertise,and for students to take the initiative in their activities. This year,
students visited laboratories in the School of veterinary Medicine; labof parasitology, toxicology, and hygine. The students coordinated thecontents with the host faculty as a preliminary study, and after actually
traveling to Japan, they trained in field sampling and experimental
techniques during the Lab Rotation period, reported their results in theform of presentations on the last day of their stay, and wrote reports
after returning home. Presentation materials and reports are also
included in this booklet.

3

Post-training[August - October]• Ativity report presentation
Report writing• Lab rotation follow-up

Program Introduction◤ Sending students to Zambia

Participatns from Hokkaido Univeristy

Activities in Zambia
Pre-training[ June - July]• Academic English• Overseas risk management
seminar• JICAZambia online seminar• Preparation for self-designed
activities

Visiting Zambia[ Aug. 19 〜 Sep. 3]• Lower Zambezi Naional Park
• JICA short intern• Lubambe copper mine / Konkala
c opper smelting• Self-designed activities

Post-training[ September - October]• Activity report presentation（connected to UNZA via virtual
meeting system）• Report submission◤ Online Courses

Number of participants：10
Contents

Students selected three classes (equivalent to eight subjects per class) from a wide range of courses, including chemicalhazard control, infectious disease control, environmental remediation, and took the courses on-demand using an
online plat form provided by the program. After the classes, a Student Interactive Session was held, where students had
a question-and-answer session with the lecturer via an online conference system, and active one-on-one discussions
were exchanged.
【 Example of the classes 】⁃ Chemical Hazard Control•
Field Toxicology & Risk Analysis•
Chemical Analyses•
Comprehensive Studies on Chemical Hazard
Control•
Environmental Remediation and Diagnostic
Techniques•
GIS and satellite remote sensing•
Informatics⁃ Mechanism, Assessment and Remediation ofEnvironmental Pollution⁃ Advanced and Comprehensive Studies on
Zoonosis Control⁃ Advanced Seminar on Conservation Medicine

From the next pages, reports from students are featured.
4

Activity Report by Students

Activity Report by UNZA Students
Student experience report◤ BACKGROUNDTime keeping was one of the cultural activity I learnt
first, I observed that everyone keeps time during their

School of Veterinary Medicine M2

daily activities and during classes. I had to adjust and fit

Maambo Bhagoos

the Japan style of keeping time not the Zambia way ofkeeping time and I changed for the better. Time keeping

The IVCMEP selected team started off from Lusaka to

is one way of achieving goals and objectives.

Japan on 16th July, 2022, the team board on Ethiopian

Hardworking

airways at exactly 14:20hrs, heading to Zimbabwe Robert

The working culture changed the moment we reachedMugabe international airport. From Zimbabwe the plain

South Korea and Narita Japan, people are hardworking

proceeded to Ethiopia Addis Ababa bole international

and they helped the team. The Japanese work culture is

airport. From Ethiopia the team got on Ethiopian airways

so good. There is no idol standing everyone is busy andflight ET672, at around 22:30hrs which was heading tocommitted to work, working hard is the goal for national

South Korea. The whole passengers were disembarked fordevelopment.

about 2hrs before embarking again on the same flight toConservative

Narita Tokyo Japan at around 20:30 hours.

Culture has been preserved in Japan, the dress code

Upon reaching Narita airport, Hokkaido University IVCMEP

is so unique, food, road designs especially tunnels incoordinators Rio Doya and Miyoko Ogishima received

mountains, bridges, farms and forest conservation.

the team and proceeded to Garden Hotel Narita. Rio

Food

Doya assisted us checked in at Narita garden hotel, she

I enjoyed cooking and eating variety of Japanese food, ourbriefed us about how to stay in the hotel, and she gave us

coordinators helped us to choose the favourite meals in

80,000 yen each. The orientation on money management

all restaurants. The pictures below show the best Japanesewas done whilst at garden hotel. On 17th July, 2022, themeals I ever enjoyed whilst in Japan.

team checked out from garden hotel to terminal 2 Narita
international airport to Hanenda. The team took the train
to Hanenda airport at around 9:53, covering a distanceof about 90km. The team arrived at Hanenda airport ataround 11:50, the team checked in at around 12:00 hrs totake a flight to New Chitose airport, Hokkaido region. At
13:55 the team arrived at New Chitose airport, then we
took a train to Sapporo city. The team arrived at DK Houseat around 3:00 pm. The house manager Huriuch San gave
as a brief orientation on how to stay at DK house thepicture bellows shows the team at DK house in Sapporo
city.
       ◤ JAPANESE CULTURE

5

Pr e p a r i n g O ko n o m i y a k i  d u r i n g a we l co m i n g p a r t y

During my short stay in Hokkaido region of Japan I learnt  many cultural activities, based on daily observation and

Onsen Hot Spring bath at Parco Hotel in Kushiro

interactions with my colleagues in campus and DK house iThis was another wonderful experience I enjoyed at Pacolearnt the following:

hotel in Kushiro city of Hokkaido region, the JapaneseTime management

way of harvesting hot spring water in a traditional way

Activity Report by Students
and make ponds for bathing is so nice. In Zambia there

centers on chemical pollutants in small rivers in Zambia

are many host spring but the water is not preserved like

where mostly farming activities are done in order toin Japan. The picture below shows me in a Japanese dress

ensure that chemical levels are monitored.

after Onsen Hot spring bath at parco hotel.

The afternoon session was done by Dr. Collins Nimako andCultural Observation

the following topics were covered

•

•

•

One of the most interesting culture I found•

Food toxicology

interesting was sleeping on a Japanese traditional•

Meaning of food toxicology

bed, its shows how culture is preserved in japan•

Types and sources of food contaminates and toxins

despite the country being a super power the olden•

Risk assessments strategies of food contaminatesdays are remembered.

•

Regulatory agencies of food safety.

The system of removing shoes whenever you enter

On 20th July, 2022 we had class on Hazard for Animals

the house, it helps to maintain houses and hotels

given by Dr. Aki Tanaka, during this class the following

clean.

topics were covered.  

The most cultural practice that I appreciatedPart oneafter visiting Japan was respecting elders the in•

Shelter medicine

everything and also leaving way and space for old•

Herd medicine for companion animals

aged. Not only that the culture of keeping time•

Shelter epidemiology

changed me and I embraced it (keeping time is the•Disaster veterinary medicine

only way to national development).
•

Part two

The spirit of working hard always is another cultural•

Veterinary forensic

practice that I appreciated its similarly to my•

Animal abuse

southern culture were we are always encouraged•

Diagnosis

to work extremely hard.

◤ CLASSES AT HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITYThis was so informative in that some of these practices
done in Japan are not being done in Zambia, shelter
medicine helps to control the spread of diseases like

Chemical Hazard Control Classrabies which is so common in Zambia where neglected

On 19th July, 2022, we had a lecturer on Chemical Hazard

animals are just moving in homes. Disaster veterinary

Control given by Dr. Yared Bayene, during this class the

medicine concept should also be promoted in otherfollowing topics were covered in the first session of thecountries like Zambia, where animal rights are espoused.

lecture.

During disasters like floods in Zambia there is high wildlife

Topics Coveredand domestic interface in areas near national parks and•Basic concept on eco toxicology and environmental

this leads to the spread of diseases, and ticks from wild

toxicology

animals and domesticated animals.

•

Environmental chemicals and biochemical effects.

In the afternoon Session , the following topics were•

Organic chemical pollutants and trace elements.

covered•Bio monitoring and risk assessments.

•

Natural Toxins and its Pharmacological Aspects[ Second Session on Environmental pollution ]•Toxins and Medicine

The second session of the class covered major topics on•

Plant Toxins Phyoto Toxins

Environmental pollution and pesticides

On 21st July, 2022, we had class on Ecology and Wildlife•

Pesticides such DDT, PCBS, PPCPS.

given by Dr. Tosho Tsubota, during this class we had•

Heavy metals and trace elements.

covered the following topics.

There is need to include public health awareness and•Topics that were covered

sensitization in both developed and developing countries•

Environmental [climate changes, chemical

like Zambia where pesticides and insecticide are widely

pollutions]used to control insects in the agriculture sector but the•Conservation medicine

effects are not known but the general public especially•

Animal healthfamers. There is need to establish effective research•

Human health6Activity Report by Students•

Ecosystem healthhazard control. On 26th July,2022 we had a class on•

Ecologychemical hazard control on endocrine disruption chemical

In ecology the following topics were covered the foodin wildlife and humans by Dr. Ana Sausa. On 27th July,chains and food webs in terrestrial ecosystem and marine

2022 we had a lecture on chemical hazard control heavy

ecosystem. In both marine and terrestrial ecosystem

metals toxicity by Dr. Yared Beyene.

Hokkaido brown bearss play a pivotal roles in nutrient
circulation. These brown bears make forest of Shiretoko
National Park rich in nutrients, by carrying plant seeds in◤ Shiretoko National ParkOn 24th July 2022 we had a tour to Shiretoko National

their droppings and restoring sea nutrition derived fromPark and took a nature guide tour by the tour guidesalmons.

master, with Prof Michoto Shimozuru. Prior to the tour, the•Food chains/ food webs [networks] in theteam had a mini lecturer by the tour guide on the safety

ecosystemand defensive mechanism about bears (Ursus arctos).

There is need to include climate change education in

Activities that took place were:

all fields to promote the concept of one health in the•

The role of deers in the forest ecosystemprocess of understanding zoonotic diseases. Temperature•

Environmental forest protection of Shiretoko

has effect on tick distribution. Ecosystem health need tonational parkpromoted for it supports both human and animal health.

•

Lake viewing of all five Shiretoko lakes.

Advanced Seminar on Analytical Machines (LCMS)•

Importance of wild grapes to bearss food web.

On 25th July 2022 we had a lecture on advanced•

The importance of keystone species likelaboratory machines by Prof. Ikenaka Yoshinori, during
this lecture the following topics were covered.
•

LC/MC and GC/MS•

Extraction of neonicotinoid from beverages andwoodpecker in forest decomposition•

The tour was concluded by watching a movie title
THE LIMIT at Shiretoko national park.

urine.
•The benefits of Liquid Chromatography (LC) and
Mass Spectrometry (MS).

•SKILS AQUIRED•

Analysis of Organic compound while using LC/MS•

Liquid or liquid soluble compounds (non-polar,

Lef t: Bear viewing with a binoculars
R i g ht : B r ow n b e a r

volatile compound by GC, GC/MS)•

Food Product analysis: nutrition, pesticides,
veterinary drugs, toxin•

Environmental analysis of chemical in environment
pesticides.
L e f t : N at u r e w a l k r i n Sh i r e to ko N a s h i o n a l Pa r k .T h e to u r g u i d ee x p l a i n e d h ow t h e f o r e s t m a n a g e m e nt co ns e r ve t h e p l a ce.
R i g ht : Fo r e s t su cce s si o n◤ Lab Experience
Basic Toxicology

This lab was conducted by Professor Yoshinori Ikenaka,
the main objective was to analyse DNA .
•This lab was done by taking tiny hair from theroute, following the prescribed instruction in orderT h e te a m d u r i n g l a b o r ato r y wo r k w i t h Pr o f I ke n a k a7

to determine alcohol intake tolerance.
•

In summary if the results show that DNA is wild

In the afternoon we had another class given by Dr. Collins

type then tolerance to alcohol is high but if the

Nimako on pesticide pollution and health in chemical

DNA is mutant then the tolerance to alcohol intake

Activity Report by Students
is low.

and Waste Water Treatment Plant.

Environmental Toxicology

Motoyama Plant

This lab was conducted by Professor Yoshinori Ikenaka

The Minewater is collected in 3 pits, no.5 shaft which is

the main aim of this lab was extraction of neonicotinoid

about 136m level shaft number 3 is about 90 m level andfrom beverages and urine while using LC/MS in urine andshaft number 6 is about 136 m level.

food beverages. Liquid soluble compounds (non-polar,•

Shaft number five 136m

volatile compound by GC, GC/MS) this machines helps to

According to the site manager the water quality of thisin food product analysis: nutrition, pesticides, veterinary

shaft is better than that of low quality because this point

drugs, toxin and environmental analysis of chemical in

is close to the seeped ground surface water flows. The

environment pesticides. The results of this lab showedwater is pumped up from this point until mine water isthat some urine samples had high content of chemicals

improved.

which comes from food and body lotion.

•

Shaft Number three 90m

Parasitology Lab  

The water comes from the upper area and water quality is

Insect identification was done by Prof Ryo Nakao at

not badparasitology lab, the main aim was to identify African /•Shaft number six 136m

Zambia insects at Hokkaido University. The ecosystem role

The mine water in this shaft is being pumped out tillof these insects was discussed during this interaction andthe water quality improves, as shown in this figure

major sites in Zambia were circled on a Zambian map. Tick
DNA extraction was done to identify samples from
Australia the results of this lab come out perfect.   Thepictures below show the lab process and insect
identification at Parasitology lab with Professors.

o
w
b
e
l.

L e f t : A f r i c a n o r Z a m b i a n i ns e c t i d e nt i f i c at i o n at p a r a si to l o g yl a b o r ato r y, i ns e c t s we r e i d e nt i f i e d a n d c l a s si f i e d a cco r d i n g
to t h e i r s p e c i e s a n d e co s y s te m r o l e s i n n at u r e.
R i g ht : T i c k Aus t r a l i a n s a m p l e s b e i n g p r e p a r e d f o r D NAe x t r a c t i o n at p a r a si to l o g y l a b o r ato r y D NA t i c k r e su l t s co m e
o u t p e r f e c t d u r i n g t h is l a b.

◤ TOYOHA MINEWATER AND WASTE TRETMENT

For many years Toyoha mine Co, Ltd JX Nippon Mining

T h e d i a g r a m e a b ove w a s r e d e si g n e d by M a a m b o B h a g o o s
w h i c h s h ow s t h e p r o ce s s o f w ate r t r e at m e nt at M otoy a m a
w a s te w ate r t r e at m e nt p l a nt b e f o r e i t is d is c h a r g e d to t h e
r i ve r. S o u rce (M otoy a m a M i n e H a n d m a n u a l , 202 2)

Main Activities During Mine Visit•and Metal group had played an important role to produce
and supply metals such as Zinc, Lead, Copper Silver and

The site manager gave a brief background of
Toyoha Minewater and Waste Treatment.

•

The site manager gave us permission to visit the

Indium which are essential for improvement of industry

water treatment plant, we toured all stages inand livelihood. Since 1914 when the company Toyoha

water treatment.

mine started production the volume of ores produced•

Some solid particles that remain in the process arevolume of Indium which is used for LCD TVs and solar

used to make slim dams on the western side of thephotovoltaic panels boasted was the largest in the world

plant.

(Motoyama hand manual, 2022). Toyoha mine contributed
to the Japanese economic development as stable supply
source of minerals resources. However, in March 2006 theoperation was stopped due to depletion of ores. After the
closure of the mine, this site was changed to a Mine Water
L e f t : Fi l te r at i o n s e c t i o n

R i g ht : Pu r i f i e d w ate r

8

Activity Report by Students
birds are realesed.
Common bird species at Kushiro bird raptor centre are:Enviromental Conservation at Toyoha Mine Site•

Blackston fish owl (Ketupa Blackistoni)

Enviromental consevration of the site should be managed•

Stella sea eagle (Haliaeetus Pelagicus)

not only during operation period but also after stop of•

White tailed eagle (Haliaectus Albicilla)

operation. Mine water upwelled from inside a mine andwastewater discharged from mine sites such as

Challenges Faced by Kushiro Bird Raptor•

impoundments contains heavy metals ions, thus water
treatment is required permmanetly to prevent fromas they fly.
•contaminating the surrounding rivers and communities.
The table below shows the comaprison of EnvironmantalWind power generators tend to capture many birds
Train acidents fast moving trains tend to injure
many birds.

•

Conservation after mine operation in Zambia and Japan aBird lead poisoning from lead bullets used to huntdeers in Hokkaido

case of Toyoha and Kabwe lead mine.

Solutions to the above challenegs

Ta b l e 1: Ja p a n m i n e r e m e d i at i o n v s Z a m b i a m i n e r e d e d i at i o n

In order to mitigate the above mentioned challenges theinstute of bird raptor is doing the following in order toprotect birds.
•

Redesigning major roads that they produce soundin places where there are more birds to avoid
accidents.

•

Put poles near the bridge, that birds can avoid
flying low to avoid accidents.

Skills Acquired During this Field Trip•

Putting insulated stands in all powerlines to avoid•

Environemtal Restorationelectricution of birds.

•

Mine rehabilitation and land reclamation.

•

Burning the sue of lead bullets.

•

Wastewater treatment•

The pictures below shows Kushiroshitsugen wildlife•

Slim dam making  

center in Kushiro Hokkaido region

Toyoha mine is making efforts to revitalize the naturalenvironment and biodiversity which had been damaged
during mine operation period through the activities
such as removal of discused facilities covering Oshidorisawa tailing dam. This is very important in environmental
restoration this stragey is very helpefull in restoring
biodiversity but that is not the case with most developing
countires like Zambia, most of old mine sites are left
without land reclamation a case of Kabwe district,
Chingola and Mufulila.

◤ Kushiro Institute for Bird Raptor Biomedical Japan9

L e f t : D is c us si o n w i t h D r. O g a s aw a r a
R i g ht : R a p to r c l i n i c◤ Shiretoko World Heritage

Nature Cruise & Nature Center (Museum) in Rausu
Along the way we saw a brown bear Dr Shimozuru tooktime to explain how the government of Japan is trying tocontrol the population of bears in Hokkaido for there is

On 23rd July, 2022 we visisted Kushiroshitsugen wildlife

a serious wildlife conflict. After a long drive to Shiretoko

center which is a paradise for birds in Hokkaido region,

from Kushiro we arrived at Shiretoko port.

the pictures below shows main activities done whilst

Main activities in Shiretoko

at Kushiroshitsugen bird institute main activities at thisWe had brief lecturers on marine species that are

institute of bird rature are:common in the Rausu area.

•

Protection progation programme bird blood test

The picture below shows the brief ship marine species•

Helping injured birds

class by the tour guide.

•

Treat and rehabilitate birds•

Back to nature theory applies when the treated•

Common bird species in Pacific Ocean that areimportant in the food chain cycle in Rausu area.

Activity Report by Students•

The ecological role of keystone species in marine

at Nopporo Forest Park.

ecosystem balance of species in Rausu area.

The main purpose of this field trip was to gain practical

Ecological Role of Bears

knowledge on tick distribution and diversity in Noporo

Bears play a pivotal roles in circulating nutrients between

Forest Park. The team learned the techniques of tick field

Marine ecosystem and Terrestrial Ecosystem in Rausu

collection using a tick drag method using a tick blanket

region in Hokkaido. Brown bears (Ursus arctos horribilis)

under the supervision of Professor Ryo Nakao frommake forest of Shiretoko National Park rich in nutrients,

parasitology lab. The team also checked and replacedby carrying plant seeds in their droppings and restoring

memory cards and inspected batteries in surveillancesea nutrition derived from salmons. If they are completely

cameras in all monitoring sites.

eliminated from Shiretoko many living things would

A filed trip is an excellent opportunity to every student

be affected. It is imperative to say that brown bears are

outdoor etiquette skill that they can use all of theirbridges between Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystem inlives and pass on to their own family’s children and the

Nature balance. The pictures below shows brown bears incountry at large. During this field trip I learnt how toa museum in Rausu.

inspect surveillance cameras and how to collect ticks in all
monitoring sites. This field trip gave me a practical skill on

Utoro Natrue Center

how tick distribution and abundance can be monitored

Utoro research bear center has the main aim of protecting

while using a camera to monitor the number of small andthe general public from brown bear attack by providing

large mammals in Nopporo catchment area. I managed tosecurity when there is a bear jam. The center has data

catch a good number of ticks about 56 in Nopporo site B.

base for all bear species found in Hokkaido region andTick monitoring in Nopporo forest area is very importanteducate the general public on how they can avoid bear

because many people use the place as a refreshment zone

attack when they are moving or driving in bear hot spot

where they are vulnerable to tick bite which can cause tickareas. Utoro research center helps to resolve discordborne (zoonotic) diseases. Thus, the site should be left in

between humans and brown bears.

its natural form as possible so that future visitors will be

Skills Acquiredable to enjoy the areas rich natural ecological vegetation,•

The importance of keeping wild animals records

wildlife and beauty. The picture below shows actual tickespecially for dangerous animals like brown bear ofsampling.

Tyson bears.
•

The importance of mapping hot spots areas inorder to help the general public against wild
animals. This is not the case in Zambia where there
is high worldlife human conflict especially lions andelephants, Utoro bear monitoring system helps inpreventing worldlife conflict.

•

Annual data records help in determining effective
measures that can help to reduce wildlife humanconflict.

◤ NOPPORO FOREST PARK TICK SAMPLING

This field trip to Nopporo Forest Park (NFP) was conductedto monitor the distribution of ticks in Nopporo forest
park. The trip comprised of four Hokkaido University PhD
students and one master student from the University

T i c k s a m p l i n g at N o p p o r o Pa r k
w i t h m e m b e r s o f Pa r a si to l o g y l a b◤ Challenges faced during Japan Experience

Below are the challenges/problems that we encounteredalong the way and whilst in Japan.
•of Zambia school of veterinary medicine department ofdisease control, pursuing master of science in Ecological

Delayed checking in at Kenneth Kaunda
International Airport due to internal system failure.

•

One of our colleague was changed the flight from

Public Health student under IVCEMP student exchange

Ethiopian airways to Bangkok Thailand instead ofprogramme. The picture below shows the sampling team

Narita we were psychologically disturbed.

10

Activity Report by Students•

The other challenge that I had was the my sos
app failing to register on my android phone•◤ CLASS AT HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY

The three classes I was most interested in include

nevertheless when we reached Narita airport staff

Environmental Toxicology, Food Toxicology and hazards

helped me to register.

for Animals.

Time limitation we had no time to move around

Environmental Toxicology by Dr. Yared Beyene (PhD)

campus and meet students from others schools all  We learned that as a beginning the universe we are indays were parked with learning activities

offer us a lot of beauty. Everything including fresh air,

ARIGATO GOZAIMASU (JAPANESE)

clean water and a visual feast of nature are the beauties

THANK YOU VERY MUCH (ENGLISH)

that offer us. However, the damages we cause to the

TWALUMBA KAPATI (TONGA)

universe are quite high. These damages are environment

ACTIVITY AND LEARNING REPORT◤ INTRODUCTION

pollution. Pollution or environmental pollution is thecontamination of air, water and soil or land by solid, liquid,

School of Veterinary  Medicine M2

gaseous substances or any forms of energy like heat,

Nachimata Nambelasound and radioactivity which adverse or harmful effects
on human beings, animals or plants our environment.

The trip to Japan Sapporo from Lusaka took place on 16

Types of pollution include thermal pollution, air

July 2022. Arrived at Narita international airport on 18 Julypollution, water pollution, soil pollution, etc.  We learnt

2022 because I was deviated to Bangkok Thailand routethat Xenobiotics ae defined as chemicals found but not

instead of Korea route, which my colleagues used. Met myproduced in organisms or the environment.

colleagues in Narita and took a train to Haneda airport for

We also learnt about the regulations that governs thedomestic flight to new chitose airport, Hokkaido. We tookuse of chemicals. The regulations include Stockholm

a train to Sapporo where the University is.

convection (POPs), Minamata convection (mercury), BaselOur travel and learning schedule was as follows.

convention (hazardous waste), Rotterdam convention

Tr ave l a n d l e a r n i n g s c h e d u l e o f I VC M EP202 2(regard to trade in hazardous chemicals), Montreal
protocols (substances that deplete ozone layer) and
UNECE LRTAP convention (long range transboundary Air
pollution). Some chemicals were highlighted to cause
diseases; Itai-itai disease caused by cadmium in rice, skinlesion/cancer caused by arsenic seeps in sediment, madhatter disease, minamata disease.
Food Toxicology Dr. Collins Nimako (PhD)
The objectives of the course are meaning of food
toxicology, types and sources of food contaminants andtoxins, risk assessment strategies of food contaminants
and regulatory agencies of food safety.  
Food toxicology deals with the substances found in food

Cl a s s f o r Ch e m i c a l H a z a r d Co nt r o l

11Activity Report by Students
that when consumed may cause harm to the consumers. It

the world. We also learnt that some raptors were neverinvolves studying of the environment, properties, effects,

be released because their physical damages were beyond

and exposure of toxic substances in food and their illness

repair.

form in humans. Practices of food toxicology involves

Nature Cruise & Nature Centre (Museum) Rausu

detecting toxic substances in food and characterizing their

On 23 July 2022 we drove to Rausu area in Shiretoko

properties. Topics that were learnt include microbiological

National Park.  This was after a stay at the hotel in Kushiro.

contamination, environmental contamination, changes

While there, we even had an opportunity to experienceduring cooking or proceeding, packaging migration,

the traditional hot stream Bath (onsen).  During the drive

industrial pollution, radiation fallout, irradiation, criminalin the Shiretoko National Park, we saw the brown bear in

adulteration, genetically modified foods, novel foods andone of the fields.

namo-materials, natural toxins, abnormal conditions ofDuring the boat cruise, we saw dolphins, sea birds, etc. it

the animal of the animal or plant used for food, mineral-

was a wonderful experience though I had seasickness. In

binding agents etc.

the afternoon, we drove to Utoro and we spend the night

Hazards for Animals Prof Aki Tanaka (DVM, MPVM, PhD)

there.

Hazards are a source or a situation with the potential for

Short Visit at the Park Management Office, Utoro

harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to

In the evening, we had a short visit at park management

property, damage to the environment, or a combination

office in Utoro where the research for bears is done. Weof these. It also deteriorate animal health, animal welfare,

had the chance to know the population of bears ishuman health, environmental health, community safety.

estimated and they like to walk along the trail in Goko

The topics in this course include shelter medicine, herd

(Five Lakes), Utoro.

medicine for companion animals, shelter epidemiology,
and disaster veterinary medicine.

◤ FIELD ACTIVITIES
Toyoha Mining Site)

A trip to Toyoha mining site was on 21 July 2022.  When
we arrived at the site, we had a class before the tour inthe wastewater treatment plant of the mine. At Toyoha
mining site we learnt that the mining site is now used formine water and wastewater treatment. It was reviewedthat for the past 100 years, the Toyoha mines co., Ltd  

L is te n i n g to a p a r k m a n a g e m e nt o f f i ce r

contributed to economic development as a leading

Walk along the trail in Goko (five lakes) Utoro

mine in Japan. We learnt that for many years, Toyoha

On the 24th July 2022 we visited Shiretoko national park

mines had played an important role to produce andand took a nature guide tour by the tour guide master,

supply those metals such as zinc, lead, copper, silver

with Dr. Michoto Shimozuru from the wildlife laboratory

and indium, which are essential for the improvement ofat Hokkaido University.

industry and livelihood. We learnt that since the mine

Prior to the tour, we had a mini lecture by the tour guideclosed it has been doing environmental conservation andon the safety and defensive mechanism about bears.

environmental restoration. We went around the mine to

Activities that took place where;

learn the treatment of contaminated water.

•

The role of deers in the forest ecosystem

Institute for Raptors Biomedical Japan, Kushiro•

Environmental forest protection of Shiretoko

We visited the institute for raptors on 22 July 2022

national park

after approximately a 5-hour drive from the Vet faculty•

Lake viewing of all five Shiretoko lakes.

Hokkaido. At the centre we had a class and the tour the•

Importance of wild grapes to beers food web

centre on how the raptors are rescued and preserved.

•

The importance of keystone species

The rescue process include transportation, treatment/

We had a privilege of watching a movie title THE LIMIT atdetermination of causes, pre-release training returning toShiretoko national park

12

Activity Report by Students◤ LAB VISIT AT HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY

included transport, accommodation, refund on Covid,
entry into the parks and food during our stay. Accounting

Brief Introduction of the Lab

for such funds was rather difficult because we had to also

Toxicology lab at Veterinary school

use it for our day to day life.

Participated in the DNA extraction by isohair on Monday

The most difficult part was the walking that I was

25 July and continued to Tuesday 26 July, 2022.

subjected to just when we reached Japan. The mostThis was done by taking tiny hair from the route bycommon mode of transport I observed was the train andfollowing prescribed instruction in order to determine

to get to the train station, one had to walk. there werealcohol intake tolerance.

taxi’s but not sure why we were told we could only walkIn summary if the results show that DNA is wild type, thento the train stations. In the process of the walking, my bag

tolerance to alcohol is high but if the DNA is mutant thengot spoilt.

the tolerance to alcohol intake is low.

◤ CULTURAL OBSERVATION◤ LECTURES

Environmental Toxicology by Dr Yared Beyene (PhD)

The three culture practices of japan I found interesting

At the beginning of the lecture, he explained how theinclude eating with chopsticks, the love for seafoods anduniverse we are in offered us a lot of beauty. Everything

the respectfulness. The hot spring was amazing.

including fresh air, clean water and a visual feast of nature

The language despite knowing the basics was a challenge

are the beauties that offer us. However, the damages webut I overcome the challenge by installing language

cause to the universe are quite high. These damages aretranslator on my cellphone. Getting lost in the city ofenvironment pollution. He gave a definition of pollution

Sapporo was also another challenge but it was

during the lecture and also common terms used inadventurous.  

environmental toxicology.
He also explained the structural similarities between
endogenous hormones and POPs. Estradiol and themethoxychlor metabolite HPTE share a phenolic structure(blue) that facilitates the binding of HPTE to humanestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). The HPTE directly inhibits
the catalytic activity of cholesterol side chain cleavage
incultured rat ovarian cells.
Pollution or environmental pollution is the contamination

E at i n g Ja p a n e s e f o o d w i t h c h o p s t i c k s

TRIP TO HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY-JAPAN◤ INTRODUCTION

13

of air, water and soil or land by solid, liquid, gaseous
substances or any forms of energy like heat, sound andradioactivity which adverse or harmful effects on humanbeings, animals or plants our environment.
The course content in environmental toxicology wasalmost the same as Food Toxicology by Dr Collins.

School of Natural Science

Dr Yared also emphasized on the metals that cause

Katakala Muyoba Siakavuba

environmental pollution. Mercury was one metal
discussed during the lecture. It is the only common metal

The trip to Japan Sapporo from Lusaka took place on 16

which is liquid at ordinary temperatures. It rarely occurs

July 2022. Arrived at Narita international airport on 17th

free in nature and is found commonly in cannibar ores. He

July 2022. Met Rio and Miyoko in Narita and took a train toalso explained that it alloys easily with many metals such

Haneda airport for domestic flight to new chitose airport,

as gold, silver and tin. The alloys are called amalgams.

Hokkaido. We took a train to Sapporo where the University

He also gave a brief description of the Minamata diseaseis.

which Dr Collins further explained on. This will be

In Narita, Rio [program staff] gave me 80,000 yeng that

discussed in the next lesson.

I was supposed to use during my stay in Japan. ThisA research Dr. Yared was carrying out in Zambia was on

Activity Report by Students
Lead which he strongly emphasized on. He explained

from mercury that occurred in Japan with the famous

what it was and its toxic effects. He explained how theone being in Minamata Bay. Another example in Iraq incapital of Central province in Zambia is amongst the top

1971 as a result of bread made from wheat treated with

10 most polluted towns in the country. He explained themercury based pesticides. Cadmium was also discussed as

past studies that were done in the previous years on leada heavy metal that causes environmental contaminationand cadmium contamination in cattle, vegetables andof food. This element accumulates in biological systems  

chickens. Cadmium is ubiquitous in the environment andthorough chronic exposure at excessive rates which

exists mostly in the earth’s crust in the form of Cadmium

results in chronic kidney failure. Plants readily take up

Chloride, oxide or sulfide. It was interesting to know that

cadmium from the soil and there has been a slow increase

it came into the limelight for the first time in 1946 fromin the cesium levels in soil due to the use of phosphate

the inhibitants of the Jinju River Basin of the North- West

fertilizers and the affect of air and water pollution.

Japan got severely afflicted with the itai-itai disease which

He also touched on the changes of food properties during

they also called the ouch ouch disease.

cooking or processing of food. He explained on the fact

Food Toxicology (Dr Collins Nimako PhD)

that food is exposed to high temperatures during cooking.

This was my most interesting   lecture I attended at

In roasting and frying, localized areas of food may be

the university. Dr Collins found a way of making the

subjected to high temperatures that lead to carbonizationlecture interesting and actually made me rethink myand under these circumstances any organic substance is

specialization. He gave a brief description of the terms

likely to give rise in carcinogens.

used in food toxicology and the objectives of the course

Heavy metals toxicity by Dr Yared Beyene (PhD)

which were very well explained. His emphasis was on

He explained that heavy metals are natural components

pathogenic foods, he said “ by far the most importantof the earth’s crust and explained how they enter ourhazards of significance in food are those from biologicalbodies through the food we eat, the water we drink

agents: pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi and a few toxic

and the air we breathe. Trace elements include, copper,

seafoods. The most important pathogens were clostridium

selenium, zinc are essential to maintain the metabolism of

botulinium, Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella species

the human body.

and clostridium perfringens.” He also gave reasons for

However, at higher concentrations, they lead to poisoning.

the increasing rates of foodborne illness which were new

He also explained the top 20 hazardous substances whichand emerging pathogens, changes in the food supply

are lead, arsenic and mercury. With lead being identified(including more intensive animal husbandry and longer

in Zambia.

shelf life of fresh and chilled products), aging populations

In this lecture, it showed the connection between Foodand a greater proportion of food eaten away from home

Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology. The link was(Takeaways).

the heavy metals course which gave a detailed description

He also explained the risk assessment strategies of foodof the metals involved in the contamination and pollution

contaminants and regulatory agencies of food safetyof food and environment. Metals discussed were Mercury,

across the world. He explained the way food gets polluted

Lead, Arsenic and Cadmium that have already been talked

through the environment, through changes in cooking or

about in the previous paragraphs. So I will not dwell muchprocessing and also in packaging.

on this course. I just loved how the connection was great

What we learnt included contamination throughand really revealing.

microbes, through the environment and contamination
through changes whilst cooking or proceeding, packaging
migration, industrial pollution, radiation fallout, etc.

◤ FIELD TRIP

Toyoha Mining Site

Contamination through the environment included heavy

A trip to Toyoha mining site was on 21 July 2022. Before

metals and minerals. Mercury was identified to be one of

the trip, we had lunch with other students were a few

the heavy metals that contaminates the food especially intaught me how to use chopsticks which is the Japanesethe food. Fish contain 10-1500mg/kg of organic mercury

tradition.   When we arrived at the site, we had a classand even higher levels when mercury wastes are released

before the the tour in the wastewater treatment plant of

into the lake waters. He explained the serious poisonings

the mine. Learning; was an old mining site which is now

14

Activity Report by Students
being used as a treatment for waste water.

ocean, a few dolphins and a few ocean birds.

In detail, we went to the Motoyama Plant where theBefore driving to the ocean shore, we observed a bearcollection and purification of the water is done. The minethat was walking in the field.   Not many animals werewater is collected in 3 pits. The first pit being with a waterobserved during this trip however as per tradition, welevel of 136m, 2nd pit -90m level and the 3rd being -136m

collected many photos and also collected water from thelevel. The first level has water quality better than that at

ocean.

the lower level because the level is close to where theDuring the ship cruise, it was windy and cold, theseeped ground water surface is. The second level contains

challenge faced was that it was difficult to actually observe

water that came from the upper area and water quality is

the marine animals in detail because it was windy, cold

not as bad. The 3rd level contains water that is pumped toand raining. A few animals were observed. Some birds andthe next level to ensure that the water quality is good.

a few dolphins.

We also visited the underground pump station that

Visit at the Park Management Office, Utoro

contains the mine water collected in the 3 pits which isThis was the call centre for people that observe bears closegathered in intake pits at -121m and pumped up to theto their houses or areas of interest. The team had a lot ofabove ground mine water.

energy drinks to keep them hydrated and awake. It was

The pumped mine water is discharged to the raw water

here where they gave me an energy drink. We watchedtank in the mine water treatment plant. The mine water

videos on how they treat bears that are on the street. They

is neutralised with high density sludge process. Clarified

explained that the bears are not bullies, they mind therewater after filtration by sand filter and pH adjustment by

own business and only attack if they are exposed to loud

dilute sulfuric acid is discharged to Shirai river.

noise. Its with the loud noise that the team uses to chaseWe also visited the dam where the sludge is deposited tothe bears away from human environments.

prevent contamination of the environment.

Visit to Shiretoko National Park.

Institute for Raptors Biomedical Japan, Kushiro

A nature guide tour by the tour guide master. Before theWe visited the institute for raptors on 22 July which wastour, we had a lecturer by the tour guide on the safety anda 5-hour drive. At the centre we had a class and the tour

defensive mechanism and how to behave when you see a

the centre on how the raptors are rescued and preserved.

bear in the park. Most importantly, we were told to walkA raptor from as old as 20 years ago was being stored in

quietly, avoid making a lot of noise.

their mortuary.
A few raptures are not returned because they are unable
to fly or they have a few deformalities.
They explained how upon receiving reports of injured,
sick or dead birds, they retrieve and transport the patientto the Kushiroshitugen Wildlife Centre (WLC). Since they
service the entire island of Hokkaido, individuals are
sometimes transported by a relay system. Some patients
may receive treatments when transported by the custom
made ambulance.
The treatment/determination of causes is dome throughD r. Sh i m oz u r u e x p l a i n i n g d u r i n g t h e n at u r e w a l k

a medical examination and autopsy that help determine

We went to the museum and watched an interesting

the causes of illness or injury. These causes guide their

movie “The Limit” with the barrier being language again.

conservation efforts.

Although there was a lot of talk about Bears, no bears

After recovery from injury or sickness, the birds expected

were observed in the park. Probably because we were

to be released have to commit to the pre-lease training ofchasing them with the clapping because that was thehunting and flying.

safety mechanism for us.

Ocean Ship Cruise to observe marine animals.
We travelled to the ocean shore after spending a nightin Kushiro area. We observed a few animals found on the15◤ LAB VISIT

I was exposed to the microbiology lab with Prof Sakoda

Activity Report by Students
where we looked at the the Overveiw of the lab and CSF

honking on the road, the road restrictions, cross only

[classical swine fever] outbreaks in Japan, HPAIV [highwhen the signal allows you to, talking in public places.

pathogenic avian influenza] in wild birds and the overview

The old peope, pregnant people are respected withoutof glycosylation research.

any challenges.

I also went to the International Institue for Zoonosis

Also, I found a new bunch of friends that I can gladly call

control Division of Collaboration and education where I

my family.

looked at the microbiology lab of the institute.

◤ Overall Experience

My stay in Japan exposed me to a lifestyle that is very
simple but elegant. Education is highly considered andall including PhD students are treated with respect andthe same. Dr Collins was one that was a doctor, but wasworking closely with us in the lab, this is a very different
case as compared to Zambian Doctors or associate
professors.
Wo r k i n g w i t h D r. Ya r e d at Tox i co l o g y L a b◤ JAPANESE CULTURE

Also, the PhD students I was exposed to in the
microbiology section was very interesting, the fact thatthey have reviews every weeks concerning the progressThree cultural practices of Japan I found interesting.

of the students was interesting. I met Hew Yik Him who I•

Eating with chops.

closely worked with in the laboratory of microbiology. He•

Always saying thank you for everything and theis from Malaysia and we got along very well too.

humbleness and respectfulness.
•

The hot spring was a very good culture I
appreciated.

IVCMEP2022 Comprehensive report

School of Public Health M1

The food was completely different from what we eat inZambia. On some occasions, we shared our food. Water issomething everyone is given before you order food, which◤ INTRODUCTION

Madalitso Tembo

The student exchange program between Hokkaido

is great. When you order a beer, a free snack is given,

University (HU), and the University of Zambia (UNZA) was

something worth sharing and being proud.

introduced some years ago. However, due to COVID-19,
the program was conducted online.
In 2022 March, the University of Zambia through the officeof Public relations advertised on behalf of IVCMEP the HU
exchange program, and the prerequisite was master's
and doctoral students of the University of Zambia (in any
academic field of humanities or sciences). I applied forconsideration as a Master’s student from the University of

Ja p a n e s e f o o d

E at i n g w i t h c h o p s t i c k s

Cultural Difficulties experienced

Zambia, Ridgeway campus in the School of Public Health.
My application was under the type A category.
In 2022 May, I was privileged to be selected to be among•

Language Barrier.

the four (4) students to travel to Japan ? HU for ten (10)•Road Network and Traffic Lights

days to attend Advanced Comprehensive Studies on•

Walking Culture

Chemical Hazard Control (CHCE).

•

No eating in public places.

The main aim of the CHCE was derived as a result of man’s•

No eating and walking.

production activities, hazards from chemicals discharged•

No talking in public transport.

into the environment threaten human/animal health andCulture appreciation after visiting Japan.

ecosystems. People living today’s modern lifestyles of

A few things I would love to copy from Japan include

convenience have to pass safe living environments on to16

Activity Report by Students
future generations.
Health hazards from chemicals are often activated at the◤ Activities at Hokkaido University

During my stay in Japan,  Hokkaido University, I attended/interface between humans and animals, only manifesting

participated in a total of nine (9) lectures on Advanced

themselves after they have gradually spread. To protect

and Comprehensive Studies on Chemical Hazards (CHCE).
Ta b l e 1 L e c t u r e s i n CH CE

our environment from hazards and realize the one world ?
one health ideal, it is imperative to detect minute changes
and abnormalities at this interface so that appropriate
preventive measures can be taken.
This course was aimed at fostering experts who cancapture the essence of chemical hazards and their effects
on human/animal and ecosystems and exercise leadershipin promoting research and education in their respective
areas and controlling hazards with the abilities to gain an
overview of problems from a global perspective, under
the concept of One Health.
On 2022 July 16, at 3 pm I traveled to Japan using the

Further, I did participate in four (4) laboratory experiments

Ethiopian aero plane flight ticket # ET672 and arrived on

namely: -2022 July 17 in Narita Tokyo at 9:50 pm. The following day,•DNA extraction ? ISOHAIR EASY

together with a team I traveled from Narita to Haneda•

Analysis of Neonicotinoids in Beverage and Urine

airport using a train, covering a total of about 96km. The•

Extraction procedure from Poisonous Foodtrain arrived at Haneda airport at around 11:50 am, then•

Bacterial Contamination Testing Methods for Meatchecked in for a flight to New Chitose airport Sapporo -and Food

Hokkaido using local flight ANA. At around 2 pm, together

Additionally, I had visited the field / recreational activity inwith the team, I arrived at DK's House on 2022 July 18.

following places; -The main objective of the International Veterinary and•Toyoha Mining Site in Sapporo

Conservation Medicine Education Program (IVCMEP) are: -•Institute for Raptor Biomedical Japan in Kushiro•

Promotion of Conservation Medicine•

Nature Cruise & Nature Center (Museum) in Rausu•

Open for all fields of students•

Short visit at the park management office in Utoro•

Advanced learning of conservation medicine•

Walk along the trail in Goko (Five Lakes) in Utoro•

Promoting cross-cultural understanding andClasses at Hokkaido University

collaboration

Table 2 below gives an overview on the three (3) Lectures

The IVCMEP activities in Japan-HU started on 2022 July 19.

that were directly related and provided knowledge on my

The details of all activities are highlighted in the next

research project as a problem solving.

chapter of this report.

Additional to classes at HU, I attended the Journal
presentation by one the post-graduate student, below are
the topics that were presented:•

Trio-binned genomes of the woodrats Neotoma
bryanti and Neotoma lepida reveal novel geneislands and rapid copy number evolution ofxenobiotic metabolizing genes•

Retained duplications and deletions of CYP2C
genes among primates•

The first high-quality reference genome of sika
deer provides insights for high-tannin adaptation

Fi r s t d ay a r r i v a l at HU

Laboratory Practical’s Hokkaido University
From the four (4) Lab. Practical’s that I participated, I
singled out one laboratory visit that was more directly17Activity Report by Students
related to my research project.

environment in which they are manufactured and[Title] Bacterial Contamination Testing Methods for Meat

processed in general, and can also be used for overall

and Foodevaluation and judgement of food safety, preservation,[Introduction]and hygienic handling. In general, it is calculated from the

Bacterial count is one of the most powerful indicators of

number of settlements found after mixing the sample

the degree of microbial contamination of food, as they arewith standard agar medium in a petri dish incubating atused to test all kinds of food and environmental materials

35+/-1.0c for 48+/-3 hours under aerobic conditions.

(containers, utensils, etc). At the same time, the numberof bacteria can be used to estimate to some extent thepresence or absence of food spoilage or alteration, andthe risk of food poisoning. There are two types of tests:
viable bacterial count, which measures live bacteria, andtotal bacterial count, which measures the number of deadbacteria as well.
The number of viable bacteria can be divided into two

L e f t : Ag a r p r e p a r at i o n
R i g ht : Ch i c ke n m e at f r o m l o c a l r e t a i l s to r e, p u rc h a s e d f o r L a be x p e r i m e nt

methods: one is to measure the number of bacterial[Procedure]

communities formed on the agar plate medium, and theTest for viable bacteria countother is to estimate the number of bacteria contained in

1. 20g of sample was weighed as sterilely as possible in

the liquid medium. The former is generally applied whena petri dish (sample was taken from different location to

the number of bacteria is estimated to be high, while themake 20g) and was placed in a filter bag for stomacher

latter is applied when the number of bacteria is estimated

2. 180ml of sterile solution was added using a sterile

to be low. Normally, viable bacterial count refers to thegraduation cylinder

number of medium-temperature aerobic bacteria that

3. Stomaching was set at 200 rpm for 30 seconds

develop under certain conditions, and is the most

4. 30ml of the sample that had passed through the filter

representative indicator of the degree of microbial

was collected into 50ml sterile test tube (also used for thecontamination status of food product and theisolation of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp)

Ta b l e2 L e c t u r e s r e l ate d to t h e p e r s o n a l r e s e a rc h i nte r e s t

18Activity Report by Students
5. Sample solution (10-1)
6. 1ml of sample solution (10-1) was added to a medium

be 2.2 x 106/g which was within the recommended WHO

test tube containing 9 ml of sterile saline solution andrange of less than 107 cfu/g.

diluted 10 times to make 10-2 to 10-5 dilutions.

Results for Campylobacter spp after 72hrs

7. 1ml of the 10-2 to 10-5 dilutions to a sterile Petri dishC. jejuni from sample A was isolated. And the species was(n=1)

determined of isolates using Multi-Plex PCR and Biotyper,

8. 20ml of standard agar medium (200ml triangular flask)

which can determine bacteria at species level using

was kept at 50’c and mixed well (it was observed to strictly

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of-flight

medium not to touch the top cover when mixing)

Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MASS). Additionally,

9. When the agar got hardened, about 5ml of standard

antibiotic resistant test for c. spp was done including theagar medium was added (200ml triangular flask) was kept

isolate using E-test.

at 50’c (to prevent the growth of migratory bacteria on

The isolate was found to be resistant to tetracycline (TC)the agar surface)

and fluroquinolones (CI).

10. Agar surface was dried in an incubator (about[Conclusion]

10minutes)

The chicken meat was found to be safe for consumption,

11. Incubation was set at 35-/=10’c for 48 hrs.

the contamination was insignificant.

12. The number of colonies were counted on a plate with30 to 300 colonies and calculated the number of bacteria
per gram of the sample.
[Results and Discussion]

Results for Salmonella spp. after 24 hours

19

The salmonella spp , isolated was counted and found to◤ Field Activities Experience

Table 3 Below gives an overview of the Field activities
experience during my stay in Japan.
Ta b l e 3 Su m m e r y o f f i e l d a c t i v i t i e sActivity Report by Students◤ Japanese Culture

What made me to appreciate my culture after visiting

Three (3) cultural practices of Japan that I foundJapaninteresting based on my observation and interactions ;I observed that Japanese people do not greet strangers,

1. Time Management ? Punctual, Japanese respect timethey only greet friends, or someone who they know.

so much. : Punctuality is a personal attitude that demands

This made me to appreciate our Zambian culture, we

a lot of work. Most African countries, Zambia inclusive

say hi and smile to strangers. We are friendly, we can bethey are not good, on keeping time, though not everyone.

chatting with a stranger as if we have known each otherIt’s funny to say that some lecturers can cancel a classfor a long time.

because attendance of students is low, and at times theywould come in late for a class without any notification. We
have a lot to learn from Japanese nationals.

◤ CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the objective of the program was

2. Hardworking : Japanese take work so seriously, they

achieved. Conservation medicine, which compromises

have a lot of passion towards duty. The work culture is soof Human health, Animal health, and Ecosystem whichamazing, if it can be incorporated into Zambians, we can

is a concept of One health is not a new idea but it is one

be developed like Japan.

that has become more important in recent years, due to

3. Gracious : Most of Japanese i have met are very

environmental and emergence of several new zoonotic

approachable, courteous, welcoming, mannerly, and politediseases.

when approached. Down to earth, there’s no segregation

A collaborative multi-sectoral and transdisciplinary

among members of teachers and students.

approach working at the local, regional, and global levels

Japanese cultural difficulties that i experienced during mywith the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes,

stay and how I dealt with it.

recognizing the interconnection between people, animals,

Conservative ? Japanese people they don’t give directplants and their shared environment. Furthermore, am

opinion; they always leave room for one to make personal

looking forward in future to do my PhD from Hokkaido

conclusion, and they don’t talk loud in public places such

University in Toxicology if chance will be given for aas in public transport, restaurants etc. myself coming

scholarship.

from a country that we can chat anywhere, I had to adjust
myself to behave like Japanese people.

20

Final Presentation

Presentation Slide Highlights
These slides were used at the final presentation session.

21

Final Presentation

22

Final Presentation

23