OEWG40 side-event in Vienna

1Current status of Japan’s legislation on F-gases
and RACHP using Low-GWP Refrigerants
Hideaki Kasahara
JRAIA
13 July 2018

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents

20. Who is JRAIA?
1. Timeline of Regulations and Protocols
2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan
3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants
4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

0. Who is JRAIA?

3The Japan Refrigeration and Air conditioning Industry Association
 Established in 1949. (2019 is the 70th anniversary) 168 member companies including the associate members.
(as of 1st of April 2018)

 The business fields of the member companies are :- Air conditioning (residential, commercial, automotive)- Refrigeration (commercial, industrial, transport)- Ventilation- Heat pump system (HP water heaters)- Refrigerants- Parts© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

0. Who is JRAIA?

41) Previous side-events at OEWG

 OEWG39 in Bangkok, 12 July 2017

“Latest findings of A2L risk assessment conducted in Japanand current status of A3 risk assessment”

 OEWG38 in Vienna, 10 July 2016

https://www.jraia.or.jp/english/side/unep2017.html“Implementation of alternative refrigerant management in Japan ;Latest activities including risk assessment for A2L refrigerants ”
https://www.jraia.or.jp/english/side/index.html

JRAIA side-event @OEWG39

JRAIA side-event @OEWG38© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

1. Timeline of Regulations and Protocols

51) Relation between Global and Japanese Acts
1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Dubai Pathway  .

 Vienna Convention
 Montreal Protocol

Kigali Amendment  .

Global UNFCCCJapan

 Ozone Layer Protection Act

 Kyoto Protocol (COP3) Paris Agreement(COP21)  .
Global Warming Countermeasure Plan■
Revised “OLP” Act ■ HCFC production regulation starts
 HFC introduction(2018)

 EoL Automotive Recycle Act
Revised Fgas Act ■(2015)

 Home Appliance Recycle Act
 Fluorocarbon Recovery&Destruction Act

Amendment© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan

61) Overview“Ozone Layer Protection Act” (revised in 2018)- Regulation on production and consumption of CFC/HCFC/HFCs (abbr. OLP Act)- National law to be ratified the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol“Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons” (revised in 2015)- Regulation on emission of CFC/HCFC/HFCs- Target GWP and year for each product group(abbr. Fgas Act)“High Pressure Gas Safety Act” (revised in 2016)- Regulation on safety of flammable (toxic) gas- Method of safe use of products and refrigerants- A2L refrigerants are included as “particular inert gas”

“Global Warming Countermeasure Plan” (Cabinet Decision in 2016)- Regulation on emission of energy origin CO2© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan

72) Regulation of refrigerant by “designated products”

RACHP
sectors

Regulated by “Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons”

Target GWP

Target year

Residential A/Cs (Mini-Split)

750

2018

Commercial A/Cs (Split / smaller than 6HP*)

750

2020

Mobile A/Cs

150

2023

Condensing unit & refrigerating unit

1500

2025

Cold storage warehouses

100

2019

Urethane foam

100

2020

Dust blowers

10

2019

Designated Products（Weighted Average GWP）

* Capacity range of the category is defined as “smaller than 3 tons of refrigeration capacity per day” specified in “Refrigeration
safety Regulation”. The value corresponds to approximately 6 HP models which has a rated cooling capacity of 15kW.
The calculation formula of the tonnage can be found in the regulation.

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan82) Regulation of refrigerant by “designated products”

RACHP
sectors

Regulated by “Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons”

Target GWP

Target year

Residential A/Cs (Mini-Split)

750

2018

Commercial A/Cs (Split / smaller than 6HP*)

750

2020

Larger Commercial A/Cs (Split / exclude VRF)

750

2023

Centrifugal (Turbo) Chillers

100

2025

Mobile A/Cs

150

2023

Condensing unit & refrigerating unit

1500

2025

Cold storage warehouses

100

2019

Urethane foam

100

2020

Dust blowers

10

2019

Designated Products（Weighted Average GWP）

Two product categories will be
added in April 2019
© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Regulations relate to F-gases in Japan93) HFC phase down latest status in Japan under Kigali Amendment

We are here!

120%

HFC phase down
10 yr later

20 yr later

30 yr later
NonA5

A5-G1

A5-G2

100

Prospect amount of HFC use in Japan.
The line can be kept in case the target GWP
and year for designated products are met.

80

60

69%

62%
63%

52%

40

20

+HCFC 15%
HFC B.L.

Non A5+HCFC 65% +HCFC 65%
HFC B.L.
HFC B.L.

A5-G1

A5-G2

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050

0

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

101) JRAIA’s Vision and Activities on Environmental Conservation

EQUIPMENTREFRIGERANTS

Energy Saving

Direct Emission Control

・Energy Efficiency
・Emission control on
CO2 basis

Energy Conservation Law
Top Runner Program· Promotion of recovery· Measures against leakage(proper management ofrefrigerants)· Reduction of amount charged
into equipment

ALTERNATE
REFRIGERANTS
Acceleration to shift
to new refrigerants

・Research of low GWP
refrigerants
・Risk Assessment

Act on Rational Use & Proper Management of Fluorocarbons
Home Appliances Recycling Act
EoL Automotie Recycling Act
High Pressure Gas Safety Act© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

11

S+3Es

2) Key Concept for Refrigerants Conversion

S:Safety• Low Toxicity• Low Flammability

E: Environment• Zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)• Low Global Warming Potential (GWP)

E: Energy• High Seasonal Efficiency• Similar performance at high load cooling

Performance

Efficiency

E: Economic

Feasibility• Low Capital Cost
• Low Operating Cost

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

123) 6 Steps to introduce products using alternative (flammable) refrigerant
Step1 : Selection of candidate refrigerants• Efficiency, Reliability, Compatibility with lubricating oil, etc.

Step2 : Study on product safety• Risk assessment by product, Development of new standards and guidelines, etc.

Step3 : Compliance with safety standards• Ensuring safety to be complied with national and international standards.

Step4 : Consistency with safety regulations• New standards and guidelines, Relaxation of Building Codes.

Step5 : Study on market acceptability• Risk mitigation by safety devices (ventilator, gas sensor, shutoff valve, etc.)• Education/promotion on additional safety measures to the market.

Step6 : Product launch• Sales strategy against price hike, Subsidy, Service training, Spare parts supply, etc.

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

134) Timeline of Step 2 : Risk assessment by productA2L refrigerant risk assessment has difficulty and long period
2011●Residential

A/Cs

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

R32 residential models launched.

●Commercial

A/Cs

R32 light commercial models launched.

New Risk assessment
for A3 Refrigerant.

●VRF●Chiller
HFO centrifugal chillers launched.

●Built-in Ref.

Display
Cabinets●Others(Refrigerationequipment)© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

145) Risk Assessment of Residential A/Cs using A3 Refrigerants - Outline (1/2)

Project Outline
 Along with the global trend to tackle with the safe use of A3 refrigerants, JRAIA
will propose safety ensured air-conditioners using A3 for domestic application
through this study.
 Based on the results of risk assessment of Residential A/Cs using A2L refrigerants,
JRAIA also conducts risk assessment for A3 refrigerants and recommends
measures to ensure safety of the products sold in Japanese market.
 JRAIA collaborates with universities and research institutes to compare hazardsof A2L refrigerants with A3.
Kobe Symposium 2018

Risk assessment

2016

2017

Preparatory
study

Risk
Assessment

Hazard estimation
Preparatory
study

2018

Risk
Reduction
reduction effectiveness
Hazardestimation

NEDO Project© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

3. Actions to shift low-GWP refrigerants

155) Risk Assessment of Residential A/Cs using A3 Refrigerants - Outline (2/2)

Abstract of presentations at Kobe Symposium 2018
 Perform risk assessment based on the life cycle stage of Residential A/Cs.

⇒ Study ignition sources exist in surroundings of indoor and outdoor units.
⇒ Extract ignition sources used for transportation, installation, service, and recycle stages.
⇒ Simulate the flammable space-time volume by CFD for each stage.
⇒ Derive ignition probability from encounter rate of ignition source and flammablespace-time volume.

 In order to use A3 refrigerants for Residential A/Cs, WG will present safe working
procedures for safety-ensured equipment, installation and service, and will also
provides concept of guideline of appropriate installation methods.

To find out results of the project, please come to
Kobe Symposium held in 6th - 7th December 2018 !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

161) World market trend of Residential & Commercial A/Cs

Global sales in 2017 : 110.56M-unitsxx%: Share of Residential A/Cs with A2Lyy%: Share of Commercial A/Cs with A2L

16%

5%

Nearly
100%

1%
51%

14%
43%

5%
© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

172) Market shift to A2L refrigerant in Japan

R410A (GWP=2088)

R32 (GWP=675)

Residential A/Cs
Requirement of Fgas Act
Target GWP : 750
Target year : 2018

R410A

R32

Commercial A/Cs
Requirement of Fgas Act
for under 6HP models
Target GWP : 750
Target year : 2020

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

183) Refrigerant conversion status in each product sector
Number of Units
in 2017FY

Conventional Refrigerants ⇒ Alternatives

Residential A/Cs
Commercial A/Cs
Gas engine-driven A/Cs
Residential H/P Water Heaters
Commercial H/P Water Heaters
Water Chilling Units

9,054.6

R410A ⇒ R32 ⇒ ?

827.1

R410A ⇒ R32 (for small single split models) ⇒ ?

28.7

R410A

446.7

CO2 (R744) / R32

Centrifugal (Turbo) Chillers

0.266

Commercial Built-in Ref. Cabinets

184.8

Commercial Ref. Cabinets / split
Condensing Units
Refrigeration Units
Automobile A/Cs
Vending Machines
Domestic Refrigerators

128.0

Product Category(x 1,000)

R410A ⇒ CO2 (R744) / R454C
12.2

R410A / R407C / R404A / R134a ⇒ ?
LP : R245fa ⇒ R1233zd(E) / R1224yd(Z) / R514A
HP : R134a ⇒ R1234ze(E) / R1234yf
R404A / R410A / R134a ⇒ ?
R600a / CO2(R744)

93.4

R404A ⇒ R410A ⇒ R448A / R449A / R407H / R463A ⇒ ?
CO2(R744)

28.3

R404A / R410A / R134a ⇒ ?

（4,700）R134a ⇒ R1234yf (CO2(R744))（320）

R404A / R134a ⇒ R600a / CO2(R744) / R1234yf（4,400）R600a© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

194) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan

 Residential mini-split Air Conditioners (Heat Pumps)
10 manufacturers
Capacity : 2.2 - 9.0 kW
POM : since 2012

 Light Commercial mini-split Air Conditioners (Heat Pumps)
6 manufacturers
Capacity : 3.5 - 14.0 kW
POM : since 2013

Refrigerant : R32 [A2L / GWP675]* Conventional ref. : R410A (GWP2088)
GWP 68% down !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

204) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan

 Residential Water Heater - Air Source Heat Pumps (Eco Cute)8 manufacturers
Capacity(@65℃) : 4.5 - 7.5 kW
POM : since 2001

 Commercial Water Heater - Air Source Heat Pumps (Eco Cute)8 manufacturers
Capacity (@65℃) : 4.4 - 74.0 kW
POM : since 2006

Refrigerant : CO2 (R744) [A1 / GWP1]* Conventional ref. : R410A (GWP2088)
Natural refrigerant !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

214) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan

 Panasonic

Refrigeration (Condensing Unit)

Model : OCU-CR series
Capacity (@Te= -10℃) : 4 – 30 kW
POM : September 2010
Refrigerant : CO2 (R744) [A1 / GWP1]Natural refrigerant !
OCU-CRシリーズ

Also available inEurope© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

224) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan

 Toshiba Carrier

Refrigeration (Condensing Unit)
Model : TAM_AT-SV series
Capacity (@Te= -10℃) : 0.8 - 6.3 kW
POM : November 2016
Refrigerant : R448A [A1 / GWP1387]* Conventional ref. : R404A (GWP3922)
GWP 65% down !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

234) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan Hitachi ApplianceRefrigeration (Condensing Unit)
Model : KX-T_AMV series
Capacity (@Te= -10℃) : 14 – 18 kW
POM : September 2017
Refrigerant : R448A [A1 / GWP1387]* Conventional ref. : R404A (GWP3922)
GWP 65% down !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

244) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan Mitsubishi Electric

Refrigeration (Condensing Unit)
Model : EcoV DUAL series
Capacity (@Te= -10℃) : (17 kW)
POM : Q3-Q4 2018
Refrigerant : R463A [A1 / GWP1494]* Conventional ref. : R404A (GWP3922)
GWP 62% down !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

254) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems
Refrigeration (Condensing Unit)

Model : HCCV1001,2001M
Capacity (@Te= -10℃) : 16 - 32.5 kW
POM : April 2017
Refrigerant : CO2 (R744) [A1 / GWP1]* Conventional ref. : R404A (GWP3922)
Natural refrigerant !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

264) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan Daikin Industries
Module Chiller

Model : HEXAGON Force 32 series
Capacity : 85 – 180 kW
POM : November 2018
Refrigerant : R32 [A2L / GWP675]* Conventional ref. : R410A (GWP2088)
GWP 68% down !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

274) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems

Industrial and Commercial Water Heater Heat Pump
Model : EQA401
Capacity : 40 kW（max50 kW）
POM : December 2018
Refrigerant : R454C [A2L / GWP148]* Conventional ref. : R410A (GWP2088)
GWP 93% down !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

284) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan Trane (Ingersoll Rand)
Centrifugal Chiller

Model : CVHH / CDHH series
Capacity : 800 - 4000 USRt
POM : November 2014
Refrigerant : R1233zd(E) [A1 / GWP1] (IPCC-AR5)

Simplex(single compressor)* Conventional ref. : R123 (GWP77)
Available
Worldwide

Model : CVHE / CVHG / CVHF series
Capacity : 200 - 1200 USRt
POM : March 2017
Refrigerant : R514A [B1 / <GWP2] (IPCC-AR5)* Conventional ref. : R123 (GWP77)
Available Worldwide
except Europe & China

Duplex™
(dual compressor)

Simplex(single compressor)

Duplex™
(dual compressor)© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products

294) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems
Centrifugal Chiller

Model : ETI-Z series
Capacity : 150 - 7000 USRt
POM : September 2015
Refrigerant : R1233zd(E) [A1 / GWP1] (IPCC-AR5)* Conventional ref. : R134a (GWP1300)

Model : GART-ZE / ZEI series
Capacity : 300 - 5000 USRt
POM : April 2017
Refrigerant : R1234ze(E) [A2L / <GWP1] (IPCC-AR5)* Conventional ref. : R134a (GWP1300)© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Low-GWP Alternatives and Products304) RACHP products using lower GWP refrigerants sold in Japan Ebara Refrigeration Equipment & Systems
Centrifugal Chiller

Model : RTBA / RTBA-V series
Capacity : 220 - 1250 USRt
POM : April 2018
Refrigerant : R1224yd(Z) [A1 / <GWP1] (IPCC-AR5)* Conventional ref. : R245fa (GWP1030)© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

#13 International Symposium for New Refrigerants andEnvironmental Technology 201831

Save the date!

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

#13 International Symposium for New Refrigerants andEnvironmental Technology 201832

JRAIA hosts the Symposium, so-called “Kobe symposium”, which has been
held every two years since 1994.
Photos below are from #12 Symposium held in December 2016 .
SeminarTechnology Exhibits

Q&A

Reception

Luminarie Festival starts
7th Dec at city center !

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Appendix.

33

1) JRA Standards and Guidelines (1)products

No. of Std.
or GL.

Title

References

the refrigerant chargeequipment

JRA GL20“Appropriate measures to prevent combustion
against refrigerant gas leakage from the refrigerant
charge equipment using semi-inert gas”

ISO 817
ISO 5149-1,-3:2014
IEC 6033-2-40
61D/338/INF:2016refrigerant leak detector
and alarm

JRA 4068“Requirements of refrigerant leak detector andalarm for air conditioning and refrigerationequipment”

ISO 5149-1, -3:2014refrigerant leakage fromrefrigerating and air
conditioning equipment

JRA GL14“Guideline for prevention of refrigerant leakage
from refrigerating and air conditioning equipment
and systems using fluolocarbon”

ISO 14903

chiller

JRA GL15“Guideline of design construction for ensuringsafety against refrigerant leakage from chiller using
lower flammability(A2L) refrigerants”

ISO 5149-2, -3, -4
IEC 60335-2-40
IEC 60079-10-1

commercial air
conditioners

JRA 4070“ Requirements for ensuring safety against
refrigerant leakage from commercial air
conditioners using lower flammability(A2L)
refrigerants”

ISO 5149-1, -2, -3, -4
ISO 5149-1/Amd1

JRA GL16“Guideline of design construction for ensuring
ISO 5149-1, -2, -3, -4
safety against refrigerant leakage from commercial
ISO 5149-1/Amd1
air conditioners using lower flammability(A2L)
refrigerants”© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Appendix.

34

1) JRA Standards and Guidelines (2)products

No. of Std.
or GL.

Title

References

commercial refrigerationequipment

JRA 4072“ Requirements for ensuring safety against
refrigerant leakage from commercial refrigerationequipment using lower flammability(A2L)
refrigerants”

ISO 14903
IEC 60079-10-1:2015
IEC 60335-2-40:2013

JRA GL18“Guideline of design construction for ensuringsafety against refrigerant leakage from commercial
refrigeration equipment using lower
flammability(A2L) refrigerants”

ISO 5149-1
IEC 60079-10-1:2015
IEC 60335-2-40:2013
IEC 60335-2-40
61D/338/INF:2016

JRA 4073“ Requirements for ensuring safety against
refrigerant leakage from commercial packaged air
conditioner for facilities using lower
flammability(A2L) refrigerants”

IEC 60335-2-40
61D/338/INF:2016

JRA GL19“Guideline of design construction for ensuringsafety against refrigerant leakage from commercial
packaged air conditioner for facilities using lower
flammability(A2L) refrigerants”

IEC 60335-2-40
61D/338/INF:2016

commercial packaged air
conditioner© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

35

Thank you for your attention!!

© 2018 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.