HFCs Emissions Reduction Effort
towards 2050 Carbon Neutrality Goal
November 1, 2022
TOYOZUMI Asako - Office of Fluorocarbons Control Policy , MOEJ
TAMURA Shuji - Fluoride Gases Management Office, METI

Japan‘s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)
 Japan aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 46 percent in fiscal year 2030 from its
fiscal year 2013 levels, setting an ambitious target which is aligned with the long-term goalof achieving net-zero by 2050.

HFCs Emissions Trend in Japan There is a growing trend of HFCs emissions in Japan. In 2020, HFCs emissions have increased
by 4.0% since 2019 and by 61.0% since 2013.
 Emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning have increased rapidly which represent
92.2% of total HFCs emissions in 2020. This surge is accounted for the transition demand fromOzone Depleting Substances.

Aerosols 1.3%
Foam blowing
agents 5.7%
Total HFCs
Emissionsin 2020:51.7 Mil tons
(CO2 eq.)

Fluorochemical production(Fugitive Emissions)
0.1%
Semiconductors & Liquid crystals 0.2%
Solvents
0.2%
Fluorochemical production(By-product Emissions)
0.3%
Fire Protection
0.02%Magnesium Foundries
0.002%

Refrigeration and air conditioning 92.2%
Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 2022

The revision of the LTS and NDC in F-gas part
 In the HFCs part of the revised NDC and the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures, theemission reduction goal was raised to 55% reduction in fiscal year 2030 from its fiscal year2013.
 In the Long-Term Strategy, Japan aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 in the area ofHFCs emissions through promoting life cycle management of fluorocarbons as well as thephase-down of HFCs.

＜Measures to achieve carbon neutrality in the field of HFCs>
 Steady implementation of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
 Promotion of RAC equipment using green refrigerants
 Leakage prevention of fluorocarbons in RAC equipment usage
 Recovery and proper management of fluorocarbons from RAC equipment
 International cooperation on fluorocarbons reduction

Supporting Market Penetration of EE and Nat Ref Equipment
 Japanese government is set out to promote development and introduction of low-GWPrefrigerants.
 The MOEJ supports introduction and acceleration of energy-efficient natural refrigerantequipment, which has been limited to be introduced due to high initial costs.
[Budget: 7.3 Billion Yen in the FY2022 (Project period:2018-2022)]

MOEJ Publications
 The MOEJ and Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) launched “Resource Book for Life Cycle
Management of Fluorocarbons” in 2022. More than 20 good practices in all phases offluorocarbons’ life cycle from all over the world are showcased.
 The MOEJ published 2022 edition of “Let’s protect the ozone layer”.

Financial
Instruments

PolicyDevelopment

Awarenessraising

Transparency
Laws &Regulations & Tracking

Certification & CapacityBuilding
Licensinghttps://bit.ly/3Tz1zV4

https://bit.ly/3eXM0HNKigali Amendment to Ozone Layer Protection Law
 Kigali Amendment of the Montreal Protocol was adopted in October 2016.
–

The amendment obliges Parties to reduce (phase-down) production and consumption of HFCs.

 Japan amended the Ozone Layer Protection Law in June 2018 for reflecting theKigali Amendment.
–

Introduced regulatory measures such as controlling manufactures and imports of HFCs.

–

The amended law was enacted in December 2018 and came into force on 1 January 2019.

 Japan accepted the Kigali Amendment in December 2018.

Details of Introduced Policy Measures○ The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) along with the Ministry of theEnvironment (MOE) determines and publishes the limit of production as well as
consumption of HFCs which Japan should comply with in accordance with the Protocol.
○ Manufacturers and importers of HFCs obliged to request METI’s permission as a quota
for manufacture/import of HFCs.
• Import is subject to the provisions and procedure of the Foreign Exchange and Foreign
Trade Act.
○ Manufacture and import of HFCs as feedstock in the manufacture of other chemicals are
exempted from the quota after the check and confirmation conducted by METI.
6Consumption Target to Comply with Kigali Amendment
 The blue dot line describes the previous Fluorocarbons consumption target defined by theFluorocarbons Emission Restraining Law.
 Kigali Amendment requires further reduction of Fluorocarbons consumption; therefore, theconsumption target was redefined in July 2020 as described by the red dot line.
71.52（mill CO2-ｔ）: Reduction baseline for Japan, which is calculated using
average values of actual consumption between 2011-2013.

60

Reduction target by the Kigali Amendment▲10％（64.36 mill）(mill CO2-t)

59.5(actual）
49.08(estimate)

50

Reduction Rate
10.4％/year

36.5
31.64

30

20

▲40％（42.91mill）

43.4

40

28.4

Consumption prospect for 2029（2030) (newly set）
16.8（14.5）mill CO2-t

Consumption prospect for 2025(revised)
36.5→28.4 mill CO2-t
Revised since the previous target set in 2013

▲70％(21.45mill）

Reduction Rate
16.8
12.6％/year
14.5

102012・・・▲80％(14.3mill）
11.14

15 16 17 18 19202425

293034▲85％

8.58 （10.73 mill）

36～7

Promoting Low-GWP Top-runner Products Fluorocarbons Emission Restraining Law designates product categories, for which lowerGWP refrigerants are available in the market.
 Based on the best available product (called “top-runner”), the target value (GWP) is
determined in that product category with the target year for achieving that target value.
 Manufacturers and importers are required to meet the target GWP value for theirproducts by the target year.
DesignatedProductsHigh GWPIndex Related to Environmental Impacts

 A target value is determined based on thelowest GWP refrigerant available in the market.

TYPEa

・Fluorocarbon Refrigerants
GWP = A(Large Size)

TYPEb

 Safety, cost, energy-saving capacity and otheraspects are taken into account.

(Medium andSmall Size)

Target GWP
TYP
E

Companies are expected
to shift their products tothose with lower GWP
refrigerants.

・Fluorocarbon Refrigerants
GWP = Ba・Lower-GWP Refrigerants
GWP = C < ATYPEb

・Lower-GWP Refrigerants
GWP = D < B

Low GWPAt the Time of Target Setting

Targeted Fiscal Year8

Promoting Low-GWP Top-runner Products Target GWP values and target year have been determined for each product category.
 Taking into account the technological progress and safety assessment, product categories
will be added with target GWP and target year in the future.
Refrigerant Currently Used(GWPs)

TargetGWP

TargetYear

R410A (2090), R32 (675)

750

2018

(a) Refrigeration Capacity less than 3 Tonnes (except Floor-types)

R410A (2090), R32 (675)

750

2020

(b) Refrigeration Capacity more than 3 Tonnes (except Floor-types)

R410A(2090)

750

2023

(c) Central Air-conditioners (Centrifugal Chillers)

R134a (1430), R245fa (1030)

100

2025

(d) Multiple-type air-conditioner for building use

R410A (2090)

750

2025

R134a(1430)

150

2023

R404A (3920), R410A (2090),
R407C (1770), CO2 (1)

1500

2025

R404A (3920),
Ammonia（1 digit value）

100

2019

100

2024

100

2020

100

2024

100

2024

102019Product Categories
Residential Air-conditioners
Commercial Air-conditioners

Automotive Air-conditioners - Passenger cars only (except those for 11 or morepassengers)
Condensing Units / Stationary Refrigeration Units
Centralised Refrigerators
Rigid Polyurethane Foam in Refrigeration and Freezer
Rigid Polyurethane Foam in Cooling and freezing Vending Machine
Rigid Polyurethane Foam Undiluted Liquid in Residential building
Rigid Polyurethane Foam Undiluted Liquid in Non-Residential building

HFC-245fa (1030),
HFC-365mfc (795)

Rigid Polyurethane Foam in Insulating(Applicable to those using rigid Polyurethane foam for insulation purpose）
Aerosol Spray Cans (except those require non-flammability)

HFC-134a (1430),
HFC-152a (124),
CO2 (1), DME (1)9Achievement of Top-Runners

目標年を迎えた指定製品の達成状況

 All product categories which reached the target year have achieved the target GWP value.
 METI will check the achievement in other product categories in each target year.
 Lower target GWP value will be re-designated for already achieved product categories after
newly developed top-runner product becomes available in the market.

Product Categories
Residential Airconditioners
Centralised
Refrigerators
Aerosol Spray Cans
(Dust Blower)
Refrigeration Capacity
less than 3 Tonnes
Rigid Polyurethane
Foam Undiluted
Liquid in ResidentialbuildingTarget
GWP ValueTarget
Year750

2018• Weighted average GWP value for total category is 685.
• All 11 manufacturers have achieved the target value.
• Refrigerant has been replaced by HFC-32 (GWP675).

2019• Weighted average GWP value for total category is 1.62.
• All 4 manufactures have achieved the target value.
• Replaced by CO2 (1) or combination of CO2/NH3 (2).

2019

• Weighted average GWP value for total category is 2.7.
• 19 out of 20 manufactures have achieved the target.
Remaining one has also achieved after the target year.
• Replaced by HFO (GWP1) or DME (GWP1)

2020• Weighted average GWP value for total category is 687.7.
• All 6 manufactures have achieved the target value.
• Refrigerant has been replaced by HFC-32 (GWP650).

2020• Weighted average GWP value for total category is 17.3.
• 7 out 8 manufactures have achieved the target.
Remaining one has also achieved after the target year.
• Replaced by HFO (GWP<2) or H2O/CO2 (GWP1).

10010750100Achievement

10