INTRODUCTORY NOTE
It is with pride that the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime andthe Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) offers to the international community the Resource Material SeriesNo. 101.
Part One of this volume contains the work product of the 164th International Training Course,
conducted from 17 August to 23 September 2016. The main theme of the 164th Course was Effective
Measures for the Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders. Part Twocontains the work product of the 19th UNAFEI UNCAC Training Programme, conducted from 12 October
to 17 November 2016. The main theme of the 19th UNCAC Programme was Effective Anti-Corruption Enforcement (Investigation and Prosecution) in the Area of Public Procurement.
The 164th Course offered participants an opportunity to deepen their understanding of relevant United
Nations standards and norms on juvenile justice and introduced practices and measures to facilitate thereintegration of juvenile offenders into society. Juvenile offenders are unique in that their physical andmental development makes them highly amenable to rehabilitation. Rather than receiving criminal punishment, juvenile offenders typically require professional counselling, guidance, education, and a sound social
environment in order to learn how to take control of their lives and pursue their life goals. For decades,United Nations standards and norms and the Convention on the Rights of the Child have called for the development of juvenile justice systems that emphasize “care-oriented” treatment with custodial measures
as a last resort and established the “best interests of the child” as an international standard.
The 19th UNCAC Programme addressed challenges facing anti-corruption officials and encouraged theexchange of best practices to prevent and combat corruption in the area of public procurement. Publicprocurement is an area in which corruption continues to thrive in the form of non-competitive bidding, bidrigging and bribery. The economic influence of public procurement is so tremendous that it is generally
said that it amounts to 15% to 30% of a country’s Gross Domestic Product. The impact of corruption canbe devastating by wasting taxpayer money, reducing the competitiveness of the marketplace, andreducing the quality of goods, services, buildings and infrastructure procured on behalf of the state.
Therefore, combating corruption in this area is deemed as a matter of high priority throughout the world.
Demonstrating this global commitment, Article 9 of UNCAC stipulates detailed measures to eradicate corruption related to public procurement.
UNAFEI, as one of the institutes of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Programme Network, held these training programmes to offer participants opportunities to share experiences, gain knowledge, and examine crime prevention measures in their related fields, as well as to build ahuman network of counterparts to further international cooperation, which is vital to addressing theseissues.
In this issue, in regard to both the 164th International Training Course and the 19th UNAFEI UNCAC
Training Programme, papers contributed by visiting experts, selected individual presentation papers fromamong the participants, and the reports of each programme are published. I regret that not all the papers
submitted by the participants of each programme could be published.
I would like to pay tribute to the contributions of the Government of Japan, particularly the Ministryof Justice, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, and the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation forproviding indispensable and unwavering support to UNAFEI’s international training programmes. Finally,
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all who so unselfishly assisted in the publication of thisseries.
March 2017

Keisuke Senta
Director of UNAFEIvii