Northeast Asia Petroleum Forum 2009

Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina.
CNPC Research Institute of Economics and Technology

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPC1

Author Biography••••Pingping Shen, Male, Former vice-president of PetroChina ,a senior engineer from ResearchInstitute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, a tutor for Ph.D Candidate,also an expert who is provided special allowance by the government. He worked as a routine
executive member of the fourth session council for Chinese Petroleum Society, and now
works as the director of Chinese Petroleum Engineering Society.
E-Mail:spp@petrochina.com.cn
Publications: 6 monographs, 60 domestic or oversea published papers
Researching experiences: He has engaged in the research work of EOR for a long time, andhas finished several research projects either national or from PetroChina as a manager,
which including: Research for enhanced oil recovery. 973 project (The National BasicResearch Program) named ‘Basic Research for Enhanced Oil Recovery in A Large Scale’.
Potential evaluation for EOR in China oil field and development stratagem. Potential andcorresponding plan for tertiary recovery in oil field. He is chief scientist of ”973” project forCCS-EOR.

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IEEJ: November 2009

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EORand Storage

By: Pingping Shen,Huaiyou Jiang, Ying Lu（ Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina. , Beijing
100083,China,Research Institute of Economics and Technology,
CNPC, Beijing 100724,China ）3

IEEJ: November 2009

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage

Content
Ⅰ. Overview underground storage of CO2 in China
Ⅱ. China's CO2 reducing emissions related work
Ⅲ. Research progress of CO2 in EOR and Storage
Ⅳ. The storage of CO2 in Reservoir
Ⅴ. Conclusions

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPCⅠ. Overview
underground storage
六、世界深海油气开发展望of CO2 in China

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IEEJ: November 2009

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage（Ⅰ.）CO2 emissions lead to environmental problems

北极冰盖1979～
2003年间融化20％

year
Fig.1 CO2 concentration and temperaturechanges in Atmospheric（CDIAC,2005）

IEEJ: November 2009北极冰盖1979的边界

Fig. 2 Arctic ice sheet variation （First CERI
Board Meeting October 25, 2004, Golden, CO ）Research Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPC

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage（Ⅱ.）Sequestration methods Of CO2
CO2 sequestration is an effective way toprevent climate change, CO2
sequestration must be hundreds or
thousands of years. Sequestration musthave minimal impact on the environment,
low-cost and compliance with national
and international laws and regulations.
The main choices of undergrounddeposits :Depleted oil and gas reservoirs,
Deep saline reservoirs
Coal seam that can not be mined,
Deep-sea sequestration, etc..

IEEJ: November 2009

图3 CO2埋存方式示意图 （IEA，2001）

Research Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPC

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage

Some fields can be a place for CO2 sequestration, depleted oil and gas
reservoirs for CO2 sequestration have the following advantages:
Development of low-cost CO2 sequestration, reservoir proved to be traps,
buried oil and gas deposit a few million years, reservoir geologicalcharacteristics clear (Fig.4), some of the existing oil and gas production
facilities can use the injected CO2, a number of fields using theconventional methods of oil extraction, injection CO2 enhanced oil
recovery may be 10-15%.

Fig. 4 abandoned oil and gas reservoirs as CO2 sequestration sites

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics8andTechnology,CNPC

一、海上勘探技术发展历程Ⅱ. China's CO2 reducing
emissions related work

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IEEJ: November 2009

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage

China's solemn commitment as a developing country
approved the "Kyoto Protocol." China is a big greenhousegas emissions country, CO2emissions is No. 2 in the current
world.
China's State Science and Technology in 2006,
ratification of "greenhouse gases to enhance oil recovery
resource utilization and underground deposits of the" 973
National Key Basic Research Program.
CNPC established a key project “Greenhouse gas CO2
resource utilization and underground deposits" in 2007.
CNPC established a major field test "an oil CO2 EOR andunderground sequestration field test" in 2007.

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPC

Ⅲ. Research progress of CO2
in EOR and Storage

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IEEJ: November 2009

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage（Ⅰ）Establish a suitable CO2 sequestration evaluation systemand the basic geological theory
Make selection characteristics about underground storage and EOR
suited to China's criteria geological; deciding on the theoretical potential,
effective potential and the additional potential for enhanced oil recovery
method of calculating; the establishment of China Basin oil and gas
reserves of various databases (including: projected total amount ofresources, at present the total amount of resources have been found;forecast recoverable reserves, recoverable reserves have been found).
Preliminary identification of the establishment of China's oil and gas
geological model; to China as an example to carry out in an oilfieldreservoir description study; conducted aquifer study, CO2 with different
degree of mineralization of water chemical reaction. Two pairs of wells,
seismic studies have shown that you can identify the 3-meter-thickreservoir heterogeneity; through research, comprehensive application-holeseismic, vertical seismic, surface seismic and other information that might
be applicable to thin, low permeability, gas injection , the leading edge ofpropulsion research; carried out four kinds of gas tracer studies.

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPC

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage

Fig. 5 CO2 sequestration mechanism of leak

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics
13andTechnology,CNPCChina Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage（Ⅱ）Using CO2 to EOR
Requirements: recovery ratio = swept
volume * oil displacement efficiency
Progress: high-temperature highpressure micro-physical simulation;
mixed phase is the main componentof C2-C5 and its content; studies haveshown that rocks the hearts of tubein-phase state is different from thePVT phase behavior; CO2 a numberof contacts that are evaporation andFig.6 miscible displacement experiments,
condensate displacement process.
displacement efficiency up to 97.6%

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics
14andTechnology,CNPC•

Requirements: Improve the sweep efficiency.
Progress: Development of 30 meters high temperature andpressure CO2 Flooding physical simulation device; to carry out
a one-dimensional law of CO2 seepage studies; undertake astudy of the CO2 flow channeling Road, a block identificationand channeling the CO2-silicate gel deep plugging agent.

Fig.7 CO2 Flooding Physical Simulation
IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics
15andTechnology,CNPC

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage（Ⅲ）Effective low-cost CO2 captureRequirements: Get low-cost purity of 95% of the CO2
Progress: Studies of a typical coal of O2 / CO2 combustion dynamics,
the symbiotic nature of the contaminant; built a pilot-scale test bench.

Fig.8 Taiwan's first pilot-scale bed systems
IEEJ: November 200916

Requirements: From a large number of power plants and industrial gas
purification to obtain low-cost CO2.
Progress: CaO in fluidized bed within the influencing factors; supercritical water in the coal gasification hydrogen production and CO2
fixation integration factors research; methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) +piperazine (PE); in-depth study containing primary amino (RNH2) andthe Chung-amino (R2NH) a fixed carrier membrane and CO2 interaction.

Fig.9 Atmospheric carbon - calcination cycle of test-bed
IEEJ: November 200917

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage（Ⅳ）CO2 Storage and transportation,
corrosion and scaling
Requirements: CO2 buried in the process of reducing the associatedengineering costs. Study of safe, efficient storage and transportation
techniques and theory; exploration CO2 corrosion and scalingmechanism and efficient low-cost anti-corrosion, anti-scaling method;
CO2 buried in the process of engineering technology and methods.
Progress: Study on the formation of anti-corrosion systems such as theinjection gas anti-corrosion and scaling technology roadmap; CO2transport program studied the two kinds of inhibitors, three kinds of
CO2 transport program; determining containing CO2 gas separation
technology; extraction technology presented a set of CO2 displacement
field experiments monitoring methods.

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics
18andTechnology,CNPC

Ⅳ. The storage of CO2 in Reservoir

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IEEJ: November 2009

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage

A Chinese oil field can be used for CO2 sequestration in blocknumber 21, its current geological reserves is 119212×104t,
ultimate recovery of crude oil is 0.2.
Theoretical buried stock calculated as follows:
Sequestration to the theory of free-space underground stock is 24186×104t,
the theory derived from buried water-soluble stock is 8062×104t, the theory
derived from crude oil buried dissolved stock is 44632×104t, so the total stockof CO2 theory of buried is 76880×104t.
Effectively buried the stock calculated as follows:
Buried in the calculation of effective stock of various factors and effective
sequestration coefficients obtained through numerical reservoir simulation.
The combined effects of various factors to take effective sequestration
coefficient of 0.25, then have been effectively buried the stock of 19220×104t.

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPC

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage

Analogy method buried stock:
1,reference buried in the stock of foreign literature to determine
CO2 utilization factor can be divided into three grades: the highest,
middle and lowest, their values were collected from 5.0 t/m3, 3.0 t/m3
and 1.0 t/m3,
Recovery rate of increase of CO2 injected can be obtained bytaking the highest, middle and lowest three grades, their values were0.20, 0.12 and 0.05.
These three levels of the burying of the total stock, respectively
89412×104t, 32186×104t, 4470×104t. Tab.1
From the calculation result, it seems the stock of the highest
levels of burying the theory is equivalent to the above calculation to
be buried in the stock, effectively buried the stock buried in themiddle and the lowest level among the stock.

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics
21andTechnology,CNPCTab.1 the results of effectively buried stock calculated withreference to foreign literature
Field

OOIP/104t

Max stock/104t

Medium stock /104t

Min stock/104t

A

7332

5499

1980

275

B

341

256

92

13

C

724

543

195

27

D

9808

7356

2648

368

E

19558

14669

5281

733

F

567

425

153

21

G

4549

3412

1228

171

H

2227

1670

601

84

I

106

80

29

4

J

12306

9230

3322

461

K

1105

829

298

41

L

3177

2383

858

119

M

9807

7355

2648

368

N

1502

1127

405

56

O

5838

4379

1576

219

P

12602

9452

3402

473

Q

2021

1516

546

76

合计

93570

70181

25262

3509

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China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage

Analogy method buried stock:
2 、Based on case analysis to determine reservoir buried in the stock
Analysis method by examples of the field 21 oil blocks for theevaluation of the potential buried in the stock, see Tab.2 .
Determine the A-K11 blocks suitable for the use of immiscible CO2 toenhance oil recovery; L-U10 blocks suitable for the use of CO2 miscible
flooding to enhance oil recovery.
At the same time the light of the oil reservoir numerical simulation ofa typical block of H obtained utilization factor of CO2(1.5935 t/m3),
calculated the total buried stock of 14988×104t, the value is equivalent tothe above calculation, the effective buried stock (19220×104t).

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics
23andTechnology,CNPCTab.2 Reservoir Evaluation Based on the results of calculating
the effective stock
Immiscible effective sequestration
potential of CO2

Miscible flooding potential for theeffective sequestration of CO2

Block

OOIP/104t

EOR/％

Effectivestorage/104t

A

7332

8.0

701

J

12306

14.0

2059

B

341

7.0

29K

1105

15.0

198

C

724

8.0

69

L

3177

12.0

457

D

9808

9.0

1055

M

9807

12.0

1406

E

19558

7.0

1636

N

1502

12.0

215

F

567

7.0

47

O

5838

12.0

837

G

4549

8.0

435

P

12602

12.0

1907

H

2227

9.0

240

Q

2021

9.0

217

I

106

8.0

10

Block

OOIP/104t

EOR/％

Effective
storage/104t

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Ⅴ. Conclusions

25IEEJ: November 2009

China Status and Prospects of CO2 in EOR and Storage（1）Greenhouse gas emissions are important issues of concern to theinternational community.
（2）As a responsible developing country, to take effective measures tocarry out the "greenhouse gases to enhance oil recovery resource
utilization and underground deposits of the" 973 national key basic research
projects.
（3）CNPC to established a key project in 2007 "greenhouse gases, CO2enhanced oil recovery and underground sequestration," a major field test,"an oil field to improve oil recovery and underground CO2 sequestration
field test."（4）Greenhouse gas to EOR resource utilization and undergrounddeposits of research according to the work plan forward, and madeimportant progress.
（5）The Chinese government actively participates in international
cooperation to achieve greenhouse gas to EOR resource utilization andunderground deposits is bound to the high level of global resources and theenvironment, cost-effective to develop and make a positive contribution tosustainable development.

IEEJ: November 2009

Research Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPCResearch Institute of Economics andTechnology,CNPC

Contact : report@tky.ieej.or.jp
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IEEJ: November 2009