平成２３年度
低炭素社会・安全安心社会実現のためのエンジニアリング産業
技術戦略に関する調査研究報告書－資源とリサイクル分野－

目次

循環型社会システム研究部会名簿
まえがき ······································································ 1
第Ⅰ部

資源(マテリアル・エネルギー・水)循環社会の実現

第１章

調査研究の経緯と目的 ·················································· 2

1.1

はじめに ······························································· 2

1.2

調査研究の内容 ························································· 3

1.2.1

本年度の調査研究の範囲 ············································· 3

第２章

下水汚泥、食品廃棄物、林地残材の資源循環量を増加させるための方策 ······ 5

2.1

下水汚泥 ······························································· 5

2.1.1

下水汚泥の資源循環の現状 ··········································· 5

2.1.2

下水汚泥の資源循環を阻むボトルネック ······························· 7

2.1.3

ボトルネック解消にむけた施策 ······································· 9

2.1.4

東日本大震災の復興と下水汚泥の有効利用 ···························· 11

2.1.5

下水汚泥のまとめ ·················································· 11

2.2

食品廃棄物 ···························································· 12

2.2.1

食品廃棄物の資源循環の現状 ········································ 12

2.2.2

食品廃棄物の資源循環を阻むボトルネック ···························· 14

2.2.3

ボトルネック解消にむけた施策 ······································ 15

2.2.4

東日本大震災の復興と食品廃棄物の有効利用 ·························· 19

2.2.5

食品廃棄物のまとめ ················································ 19

2.3

林地残材 ······························································ 20

2.3.1

林地残材の資源循環の現状 ·········································· 20

2.3.2

林地残材の資源循環を阻むボトルネック ······························ 24

2.3.3

ボトルネック解消にむけた施策 ······································ 25

2.3.4

東日本大震災の復興と林地残材の有効利用 ···························· 30

2.3.5

林地残材のまとめ ·················································· 32

第３章

現地調査訪問先 ······················································· 33

3.1(株)吾妻バイオパワー＜地域発生廃木材を燃料としたバイオマス発電＞ ······ 33

3.2(株)アルフォ＜食品廃棄物からの飼料製造とリサイクル・ループ＞ ·········· 39

3.3

大阪府森林組合高槻バイオコークス加工場＜木質系バイオコークス＞ ········ 45

3.4

岐阜市北部プラント＜下水汚泥焼却灰からのりん回収技術＞ ················ 51

第４章

講演内容 ····························································· 55

第５章

まとめ ······························································· 62

参考文献 ····································································· 65

第Ⅱ部

CO2 削減に向けた高度静脈物流システムの構築

第１章

調査研究の経緯と目的 ················································· 68

1.1

はじめに ······························································ 68

1.2

調査研究の経緯と目的 ·················································· 68

1.3

静脈物流における温室効果ガス（CO2）排出の現状 ································ 69

1.4

静脈物流における課題······················································ 70

1.5CO2 削減に向けた高度静脈物流システム ········································ 71

1.6

昨年度調査研究のまとめと高度静脈物流システムの事例 ····························· 75

第２章

高度静脈物流システムにむけた先進的な取組み事例の調査 ·························· 78

2.1

廃棄物の共同海上輸送（瀬戸内静脈物流事業化推進協議会）·························· 78

2.1.1

瀬戸内静脈物流事業化推進協議会事務局····································· 78

2.1.2

株式会社サニックス ··················································· 82

2.1.3

株式会社トクヤマ ····················································· 85

2.1.4

宇部興産海運株式会社 ·················································· 90

2.1.5

宇部興産株式会社 ····················································· 92

2.2

家電リサイクル（株式会社テルム）············································ 97

2.2.1

会社概要 ·························································· 97

2.2.2

我が国における廃家電の物流について ································ 97

2.2.3

株式会社テルム入舟事業所 ·········································· 98

2.3

災害廃棄物の海上輸送····················································· 102

2.3.1

調査研究概要 ······················································· 102

2.3.2

海上輸送の概要······················································ 102

2.3.3

海上運搬についてのヒアリング内容 ······································· 104

2.3.4

和泉リサイクルセンターと平井最終処分場の概要 ····················· 105

2.4

廃棄物の共同回収 ························································ 106

2.4.1

内陸工業団地 ······················································· 106

2.4.2

JFE ビーレックについて··············································· 109

第３章

先進事例におけるCO2 削減効果の試算 ········································ 112

3.1

瀬戸内静脈物流事業化推進協議会の事例におけるCO 2 削減効果 ···················· 112

3.1.1

算出条件··························································· 112

3.1.2

CO2 発生量の試算 ···················································· 112

3.2

災害廃棄物の海上輸送による CO 2 削減効果 ······························ 113

3.2.1

算出条件··························································· 113

3.2.2

燃料消費量の計算 ················································· 113

3.2.3

運搬距離の増減による CO 2 削減効果の変化 ··························· 114

3.3

神奈川県内陸工業団地の取組みによる CO 2 削減効果 ······················ 115

3.3.1

RPF 製造 ························································· 115

3.3.2

サーマルリサイクル ··············································· 115

3.4

取組み事例のまとめ ······················································ 117

3.4.1

先進事例の主な特徴と CO 2 排出量の試算まとめ ······················· 117

3.4.2

その他の事例 ····················································· 119

第４章

まとめ ······························································· 121

参考文献 ···································································· 125

第Ⅲ部

マテリアル・スチュワードシップ実現に向けたアジア版 WEEE

第１章

調査研究の経緯と目的 ················································ 126

1.1

はじめに ····························································· 126

1.2

今年度の目的 ························································· 127

1.3

課題 ································································· 128

1.3.1

国内での課題 ····················································· 128

1.3.2

海外での課題 ····················································· 128

第２章

有識者の講演とヒアリング ············································ 130

2.1

講演会 ······························································· 130

2.1.1
2.2

「世界の資源確保競争について」東北大学

中村教授 ················· 130

有識者ヒアリング ····················································· 135

2.2.1

日本大学

福田教授 ··············································· 135

2.2.2

東北大学

劉准教授および財団法人地球環境戦略研究機関（IGES） ····· 144

第３章

小型家電リサイクルのアジアの流れ ···································· 146

3.1

資源循環の現状 ······················································· 146

3.2

東南アジアのリサイクルの現状 ········································· 146

3.3

環境保護と資源確保 ··················································· 146

3.4

アジア各国での共通標準の統一の可能性 ································· 146

第４章

小型家電リサイクルの日本の対策と制度 ································ 148

4.1

国の取り組み経緯 ····················································· 148

4.2

環境省による制度案 ··················································· 149

4.2.1

小型電気電子機器の定義 ··········································· 149

4.2.2

関係者の役割 ····················································· 149

4.2.3

本リサイクル制度の特徴 ··········································· 153

第５章

アジアにおける最適なリサイクルシステムとは ·························· 154

5.1

日本の小型家電リサイクル制度をアジア展開する際の問題点 ··············· 154

5.2

アジアの最適なリサイクルシステムとは ································· 154

第６章

まとめ ······························································ 157

参考文献 ···································································· 159
あとがき ···································································· 160

平成 23 年度
低炭素社会・安全安心社会実現のためのエンジニアリング産業技術戦略に関する調査研究報告書＜環境とエネルギー分野＞

目

次

エネルギー･環境研究部会名簿
まえがき
第Ⅳ部

··································································································· 161
バイオマスのボトルネック解消とバイオマスによる炭素固定

第１章 持続可能社会の基軸システムとしてのBCN ·················································
1.1 バイオマス（生物資源）からの恩恵と人類 ···············································
1.2 バイオマス（生物資源）の優位性 ···························································
1.3 バイオマスと他の再生可能エネルギーの併用によるエネルギー保障 ···············
1.4 バイオマスのカスケード利用による炭素固定と循環型社会システム ···············
1.5 持続可能な社会における価値と経済 ························································
1.6 バイオ･コミュニティ･ネットワーク（BCN） ············································
1.6.1 BCN構想 ······················································································
1.6.2 BCNを実現するための考え方 ···························································

164
165
165
166
166
167
167
167
169

バイオマスを利活用する主要な炭素固定化技術の動向 ·······························
2.1 太陽エネルギー利用の一つとしての人工光合成 ·········································
2.1.1 植物の光合成と人工光合成 ·······························································
2.1.2 人工光合成に対する日本国内の技術動向と現状 ····································
2.1.3 人工光合成に対する海外の技術動向 ···················································
2.1.4 人工光合成のまとめ ········································································
2.2 バイオリファイナリー ··········································································
2.2.1 バイオリファイナリープロセスと石油リファイナリープロセス ···············
2.2.2 バイオリファイナリー市場の需要予測 ················································
2.2.3 バイオリファイナリー原料の供給力予測 ·············································
2.2.4 バイオリファイナリーのまとめ ·························································
2.3 ウッドプラスチック ·············································································
2.3.1 製造方法 ······················································································
2.3.2 特長 ····························································································
2.3.3 炭素固定機能 ················································································
2.3.4 今後の市場性 ················································································
2.3.5 課題と提案 ···················································································

172
172
173
175
177
179
181
181
182
185
186
186
187
188
189
190
190

第２章

第３章 BCN構想を高度化した社会システムへの組込み ········································· 191
3.1 森林の持つ多面的機能 ·········································································· 191
3.2 東京都の「森づくり推進プラン」 ··························································· 193
3.2.1 東京都の森林規模 ··········································································· 193
3.2.2 東京都における林業の問題点 ···························································· 194
3.2.3 林業経営の不振 ·············································································· 195
3.2.4 低迷する多摩産材の利用 ·································································· 196

3.2.5 都民･企業等の参画の必要性 ·····························································
3.3 東京都の中央区と檜原村が共生する「中央区の森環境ふれあい村」構想 ·········
3.3.1 「中央区の森」の概要 ·····································································
3.3.2 東京都･中央区の取り組み ································································
3.3.3 東京都･檜原村の取り組み ································································
3.3.4 「中央区の森」構想のまとめ ····························································
3.4 BCN構想の中の農業 ············································································
3.4.1 農業の必要性と可能性 ·····································································
3.4.2 農家の抱える問題点に対する考察 ······················································
3.4.3 期待される施策に対する考察 ····························································
3.4.4 BCN構想の中の農業 ·······································································
3.4.5 まとめ ···························································································
3.5 木質ペレット燃料社会実験の提案 ···························································
3.5.1 設定モデル ···················································································
3.5.2 各サイドでの事業状況の試算 ····························································
3.5.3 事業スキームのまとめ ·····································································
3.5.4 課題克服に向けた社会実験の提案 ······················································

197
198
198
199
204
211
212
212
215
217
220
220
222
222
223
228
228

再生可能エネルギーによる災害に強い社会の構築 ·····································
4.1 東日本大震災被災地調査 ·······································································
4.1.1 南三陸町の津波被害 ········································································
4.1.2 南三陸町の災害廃棄物 ·····································································
4.1.3 北上川河口の被害 ···········································································
4.1.4 石巻市市街中心部(旧北上川河口付近) ··············································
4.2 災害に強い地域づくり ··········································································
4.2.1 求められる防災機能 ········································································
4.2.2 災害に強い社会システム ··································································
4.2.3 抑制機能（減災機能） ·····································································
4.2.4 非常時活動支援機能 ········································································
4.3 震災から学ぶ持続可能性問題への教訓 ·····················································
4.3.1 災害と持続可能性問題の相似性 ·························································
4.3.2 エンジニアの責務 ···········································································
4.3.3 再生可能エネルギーコストの評価に対する問題提起 ······························
4.3.4 提言「その気になれば出来る」 ·························································

232
232
232
236
238
240
242
242
243
243
243
249
249
250
251
252

まとめ ·····························································································
調査研究の経過 ···················································································
課題を克服するBCN構想 ·········································································
ロードマップ ······················································································
今後の課題 ·························································································

254
254
255
257
257

第４章

第５章
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

参考文献･引用文献······················································································ 259

第Ⅴ部

非化石･省エネ･高効率化による低炭素エネルギーシステムの確立

第１章

目的と概要 ······················································································· 264

第２章 バイオマスの活用 ··············································································
2.1 発電利用における熱効率 ·······································································
2.2 直接燃焼発電システムにおける経済性 ·····················································
2.3 適切な発電システム···············································································
2.3.1 規模 ····························································································
2.3.2 運用性 ·························································································
2.3.3 発電効率 ······················································································
2.4 バイオマス活用の提言 ··········································································

267
267
269
272
272
272
273
273

第３章 小水力発電の活用 ··············································································
3.1 水力発電の導入状況と特徴 ····································································
3.1.1 水力発電の導入推移 ········································································
3.1.2 水力発電の特徴 ··············································································
3.1.3 小水力発電の特徴 ···········································································
3.2 導入可能量と今後の導入に関する課題 ·····················································
3.2.1 従来の水力発電の導入可能量（包蔵水力） ··········································
3.2.2 未利用落差発電の導入可能量（未利用落差発電包蔵水力） ·····················
3.2.3 環境省による導入可能量調査（再生可能ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ導入ﾎﾟﾃﾝｼｬﾙ） ·················
3.2.4 農業用水発電ポテンシャル（ナノ水力発電と流水利用型発電） ···············
3.2.5 各導入可能量調査の比較と導入に関する考察 ····································
3.3 最近の規制緩和 ···················································································
3.3.1 河川法 ······················································································
3.3.2 電気事業法 ················································································
3.4 小水力発電に関するまとめと提言 ···························································

275
275
275
276
276
277
277
278
279
280
281
283
283
283
284

第４章 海洋温度差エネルギーの利用 ·······························································
4.1 海洋温度差発電システムの概要 ······························································
4.2 沖ノ鳥島の現状 ···················································································
4.3 沖ノ鳥島を取り巻く海洋環境 ·································································
4.4 国および東京都の施策 ··········································································
4.5 海洋温度差発電システムの適用 ······························································
4.6 今後に向けて ······················································································

285
285
286
286
287
287
290

第５章 太陽エネルギーの利用 ········································································
5.1 太陽エネルギー利用の問題点 ·································································
5.2 太陽エネルギーの高効率利用 ·································································
5.3 スマート熱電併給SHP ··········································································
5.4 総合熱効率の上昇 ················································································

292
292
292
294
295

第６章 家庭部門における省エネルギーの現状と将来の展望 ··································
6.1 東日本大震災がもたらしたエネルギー消費削減の成果 ·································
6.2 家庭部門におけるエネルギー削減の仕組み ···············································
6.2.1 HEMS（ホームエネルギーマネジメントシステム） ·······························
6.2.2 エネルギーモニタ ···········································································
6.2.3 家庭向け省エネ支援サービス ·····························································
6.3 家庭部門における省エネルギーシステムの普及に向けて ······························

297
297
298
298
300
302
303

第７章 エネルギー利用の高効率化へのエクセルギー視点 ·····································
7.1 CO 2削減のための対策とエクセルギー ·························································
7.2 創エネルギーのための検討 ····································································
7.2.1 検討の条件 ····················································································
7.2.2 敷地に投入されるエネルギー ·····························································
7.2.3 敷地に投入されるエクセルギー ··························································
7.3 敷地に投入されるエクセルギーの地域差 ··················································
7.3.1 エネルギーの地域差 ········································································
7.3.2 エクセルギーの地域差······································································
7.3.3 ヒートポンプを用いた熱源利用 ··························································
7.4 エクセルギー値の活用に向けて ·······························································

304
305
306
306
307
308
309
309
310
310
311

第８章 持続可能なクリーンエネルギーへ ···························································
8.1 日本の制約 ························································································
8.2 世界のエネルギー･環境 ········································································
8.2.1 世界の資源 ···················································································
8.2.2 世界の温暖化 ················································································
8.3 クリーンエネルギーへの提案 ·································································

312
312
312
312
313
316

第９章 ガス化技術とエネルギー連携 ·······························································
9.1 バイオマスのガス化発電·······································································
9.1.1 ガス化の原理 ················································································
9.1.2 ガス化発電 ···················································································
9.2.3 バイオマスガス化発電の課題 ·····························································
9.2 石炭ガス化複合発電（IGCC） ·······························································
9.2.1 石炭の分類 ···················································································
9.2.2 石炭のガス化 ···············································································
9.2.3 IGCCの事例 ·················································································
9.2.4 IGCCの特性 ·················································································
9.3 コンビナートの連携 ············································································
9.3.1 熱分解軽質留分統合精製処理技術開発 ···············································
9.4 今後の展望 ························································································

319
319
319
320
321
321
321
322
322
323
323
324
326

第１０章 まとめ ··························································································
10.1 非化石エネルギーの活用技術 ·······························································
10.2 エネルギー消費量の総量を削減する省エネルギー技術 ······························
10.3 エネルギー利用の高効率化システム ······················································
10.4 ロードマップ ····················································································

327
327
328
328
329

参考文献･引用文献

第Ⅵ部······················································································ 331

企業活動･気候変動による生物多様性消失と社会･経済の対応方策

第１章 生物多様性と関連条約 ········································································
1.1 IPCC第４次評価報告書と生物多様性 ·······················································
1.2 生物多様性に関連した国際条約 ······························································
1.2.1 ラムサール条約 ·············································································

335
335
335
336

1.2.2 ワシントン条約 ·············································································
1.2.3 ストックホルム条約 ·······································································
1.2.4 生物多様性条約 ·············································································
1.3 生物多様性問題とわが国の国家戦略 ························································
1.3.1 生物多様性について我が国の取組み ··················································
1.3.2 生物多様性基本法とは ····································································
1.3.3 我が国の対応と今後の行動 ······························································
1.4 21世紀に向けて（生物多様性への脅威と生息地の破壊を回避する為に） ·········

336
336
337
338
339
339
339
339

第２章 生物多様性の評価と企業の取り組み·······················································
2.1 生物多様性の主流化 ············································································
2.2 生物多様性オフセット ·········································································
2.3 生物多様性の経済的評価·······································································
2.4 生態系サービスへの支払い（PES） ························································
2.4.1 蕪栗沼のふゆみずたんぼ ·································································
2.4.2 コウノトリの野生復帰とコウノトリを育む農法 ···································
2.4.3 トキの野生復帰と米づくり ······························································
2.4.4 魚のゆりかご水田プロジェクト ························································
2.4.5 企業による生態系サービスへの支払い（PES）事例 ······························
2.5 生物多様性保全へ企業はどう取り組むか ··················································
2.5.1 民間事業者への期待とビジネスチャンス ············································
2.5.2 リクマネジメントとイメージアップ ··················································
2.5.3 企業の環境教育および環境保全活動 ··················································
2.6 伝統の焼き畑から生物多様性の視点を学ぶ ···············································

341
341
342
343
344
345
346
346
347
347
348
348
348
349
349

第３章 まちづくりと生物多様性 ·····································································
3.1 都市におけるまちづくりと生物多様性 ·····················································
3.1.1 首都圏の状況 ················································································
3.1.2 各都市の取組事例紹介 ····································································
3.1.3 エコロジカル･ネットワーク ·····························································
3.1.4 持続可能なまちづくり ····································································
3.2 震災復興におけるまちづくりと生物多様性 ··············································
3.2.1 各行政の復興ランドスケープ ···························································
3.2.2 生物多様性保全の観点から ······························································

350
350
350
353
355
357
361
361
362

第４章 海洋生物多様性の持続可能な利用と水産復興 ···········································
4.1 日本の海洋生物多様性の現状 ·································································
4.2 震災による海洋生物多様性への影響 ························································
4.2.1 津波による藻場および干潟の物理的被害 ············································
4.2.2 瓦礫、化学物質の流出、負荷 ···························································
4.3 震災の水産業への影響 ··········································································
4.3.1 漁業被害の状況 ·············································································
4.3.2 放射能汚染による漁業への影響 ························································
4.3.3 水産復興 ······················································································
4.4 東北の海洋生態系の再生および水産業の復興 ············································

363
363
364
364
368
369
369
370
371
374

第５章 東日本大震災と生物多様性－これまでの報告や提言等の事例をもとに ·········· 376
5.1 報告や提言等の事例 ············································································· 376

5.2 大震災による生態系の機能消失と貢献 ·····················································
5.3 生態系サービスの機能回復に向けた道筋と取組案 ·······································
5.3.1 基盤サービス ················································································
5.3.2 供給サービス ················································································
5.3.3 調整サービス ················································································
5.3.4 文化的サービス ·············································································
第６章

まとめ ····························································································· 390

参考文献･引用文献
あとがき

384
386
386
387
387
388

······················································································ 392··································································································· 396

平成２３年度
低炭素社会・安全安心社会実現のためのエンジニアリング産業
技術戦略に関する調査研究報告書－都市と地域分野－

目

次

都市・地域研究部会名簿
まえがき･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 397
第１章

調査研究の経緯･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････399

第２章

水害の事例･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････400

2.1

東日本大震災・宮城県沿岸部の津波被害現地調査････････････････････････････ 400

2.1.1

現地調査概要･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 400

2.1.2

平成 23 年（2011 年）東日本大震災の概要････････････････････････････････ 401

2.1.3

現地調査内容･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 404

2.1.4

東日本大震災大津波による道路橋等被害要因の工学的考察･･･････････････ 408

2.2

平成 23 年台風 12 号災害の概況について･･････････････････････････････････・412

2.3

平成 16 年／平成 23 年 7 月新潟・福島豪雨の現地調査････････････････････････415
2.3.1

現地調査概要････････････････････････････････････････････････････････415

2.3.2

平成 16 年 7 月新潟・福島豪雨の概要･･･････････････････････････････････416

2.3.3

平成 23 年 7 月新潟・福島豪雨の概要･･･････････････････････････････････417

2.3.4

五十嵐川・刈谷田川流域現地調査･････････････････････････････････････ 418

2.3.5

コロナ社ヒアリング･･････････････････････････････････････････････････421

参考文献･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････424
第３章

企業 BCP と地域 BCP(DCP)の現状･･･････････････････････････････････････････426

3.1

企業 BCP の現状 ･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････426

3.1.1

東京都 BCP 策定支援事業･･････････････････････････････････････････････427

3.1.2「事業所の水害対策

事業継続計画（BCP）作成のすすめ」･･････････････････

427
3.1.3

水害 BCP 策定への取り組み事例－上島熱処理工業所へのヒアリング･････････429

3.1.4

2011 年タイ水害と BCP････････････････････････････････････････････････433

3.2

地域 BCP（DCP）の現状 ･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････435

3.2.1

DCP（District Continuity Plan と BCP（Business Continuity Plan）･･････435

3.2.2

DCP の考え方･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････

436
3.2.3

DCP の事例 ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････437

3.2.4

企業と地域の防災連携水深における課題 ･･･････････････････････････････459

参考文献･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････461
第４章

水害 BCP ガイドライン･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････463

4.1

水害の定義･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････463

4.2

水害 BCP の考え方････････････････････････････････････････････････････････463

4.2.1

水害の特徴･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････464

4.2.2

ハザード、被害想定における地震との違い、注意点･･････････････････････ 465

4.3

水害 BCP の進め方････････････････････････････････････････････････････････468

4.3.1

現状認識と方針および目標の明確化―基本方針の策定･････････････････････470

4.3.2

水害における影響度分析･･･････････････････････････････････････････････471

4.3.3

水害リスクの分析―ハザード評価･･･････････････････････････････････････471

4.3.4

水害リスクの分析―被害想定･･･････････････････････････････････････････474

4.3.5

水害 BCP 対策････････････････････････････････････････････････････････481

4.3.6

日常の運用と水防活動―教育・訓練、維持管理、点検、見直し･････････････486

4.3.7

維持管理―点検、是正、および見直し･･･････････････････････････････････487

4.3.8

発災と BCP の発動････････････････････････････････････････････････････487

4.4

水害 BCP の検討・策定において有効な手法・対策････････････････････････････488

4.5

水害 BCP の展開･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････489

4.6

水害 BCP 策定のための参考資料････････････････････････････････････････････490

4.6.1

BCP 策定のためのガイドライン、手引き･････････････････････････････････490

4.6.2

洪水の種類･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････490

4.6.3

水害の変遷と今後の予測･･･････････････････････････････････････････････493

4.6.4

リアルタイム降雨情報について･････････････････････････････････････････496

4.6.5

洪水ハザードマップについて･･･････････････････････････････････････････497

4.6.6

浸水想定区域について･････････････････････････････････････････････････498

4.6.7

洪水シミュレーションについて･････････････････････････････････････････499

4.6.8

その他のハザードマップについて･･･････････････････････････････････････503

4.6.9

建物の浸水対策事例･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････507

4.6.10 水害復旧計画の立案について･･･････････････････････････････････････････511
4.6.11 水害後片付け作業時の注意事項･････････････････････････････････････････518
4.6.12 地盤高（標高）を知る資料･････････････････････････････････････････････520
4.6.13 洪水時、地下階から安全に避難できるかどうかの判定法について･･･････････521
4.6.14 用語･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････524
4.6.15 Web から入手できる参考文献一覧･･･････････････････････････････････････525
参考文献･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････526
第５章

地域の自立（分散型）に向けて････････････････････････････････････････････529

5.1

水害地域における被害の特徴とその対応策について･･･････････････････････････529

5.1.1

水害地域における被害の特徴･･･････････････････････････････････････････529

5.1.2

水害被害への対応策について･･･････････････････････････････････････････529

5.2

推進ロードマップについて･････････････････････････････････････････････････530

5.3

これからの時代の水害復興への方向性について･･････････････････････････････ 530

5.3.1

環境未来都市選定について･････････････････････････････････････････････532

5.3.2

気仙広域環境未来都市構想････････････････････････････････････････････534

参考文献･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････
538
あとがき･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････539

平成２３年度
低炭素社会・安全安心社会実現のためのエンジニアリング産業
技術戦略に関する調査研究報告書－人間と社会生活分野－

目次

新産業研究部会名簿
まえがき ···································································· 541
第１章

はじめに ···························································· 543

1.1

調査研究の背景と目的 ················································· 543

1.1.1

背景 ····························································· 543

1.1.2

目的 ····························································· 543

1.1.3

調査研究概要 ····················································· 543

1.2

調査研究の経緯 ······················································· 544

1.2.1

調査の方向性 ····················································· 544

1.2.2

調査の実績 ······················································· 545

第２章

技術および制度の動向 ················································ 546

2.1

技術動向 ····························································· 546

2.1.1

規格から見た動向 ················································· 546

2.1.2

経済産業省の取り組み ············································· 546

2.1.3

厚生労働省の取り組み ············································· 547

2.1.4

ロボット工業会 ··················································· 548

2.1.5

TERAS ·························································· 548

2.1.6

ロボットビジネス推進協議会 ······································· 549

2.1.7

知能モジュールの技術開発 ········································· 550

2.2

現地調査・事例紹介 ··················································· 550

2.2.1

株式会社安川電機 本社・八幡西事業所 ······························ 551

2.2.2

株式会社テムザック ··············································· 555

2.3

自治体動向（ロボット産業振興会議：福岡県） ··························· 560

2.3.1

同会議の概要 ····················································· 560

2.3.2

同会議の見解：実証の重要性 ······································· 562

2.3.3

同会議の見解：産業化の課題 ······································· 563

2.4

BMI の技術動向 ······················································ 563

第３章

安全と認証 ·························································· 567

3.1

講演会 ······························································· 567

3.2

NEDO 生活支援ロボット実用化プロジェクト ··························· 567

3.2.1

プロジェクト概要 ················································· 567

3.2.2

生活支援ロボットの安全性検証手法の研究開発 ······················· 570

3.2.3

安全技術を導入した生活支援ロボットの開発 ························· 571

3.3

生活支援ロボット安全検証センター ····································· 573

3.3.1

生活支援ロボット安全検証センター 施設概要 ························ 573

3.3.2

生活支援ロボット安全検証センター 体制と機能 ······················ 574

3.4

認証、リスクとベネフィット ··········································· 576

3.4.1

日本人がイメージする「認証」 ····································· 576

3.4.2

リスクとベネフィット ············································· 577

第４章

生活支援・福祉戦略とロボティクス技術における海外動向 ················ 580

4.1

高齢社会への取り組み ················································· 580

4.1.1

スウェーデンにおける高齢社会への対応と日本との比較 ··············· 580

4.1.2

日本における高齢社会への課題認識と対応例 ························· 582

4.1.3

スウェーデンと日本における在宅ケアの課題認識と対応 ··············· 583

4.1.4

日本における介護保険法改正と在宅・遠隔サービスの可能性 ··········· 584

4.1.5

高齢社会での医療福祉ビジネスとロボティクスのニーズの視点 ········· 587

4.2

海外の医療福祉ビジネスとロボティクスビジネスの動向 ··················· 589

4.2.1

欧州の医療福祉ビジネスと介護ロボット事業動向 ····················· 589

4.2.2

米国の遠隔ロボット事業動向 ······································· 592

4.3

医療福祉向けクラウドロボティクス産業の可能性 ························· 595

4.3.1

東アジアの医療福祉産業や介護ロボット市場と今後の対応 ············· 595

4.3.2

医療福祉向けクラウドロボティクスサービスの可能性 ················· 595

第５章

今後の動向と可能性 ·················································· 598

5.1

サービスロボット普及ロードマップ ····································· 598

5.2

IT 活用の可能性 ······················································ 605

第６章

おわりに ···························································· 610

6.1

本報告書のまとめ ····················································· 610

6.2

謝辞 ································································· 610

参考文献 ···································································· 611