OEWG 39
Side Event

Challenges and responses inrefrigerant conversion
Tetsuji Okada
JRAIA
12. July. 2017

© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents：
1. Who is JRAIA ?
2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
3. Market trend
4. Strategies to be taken as Japan
5. HFC step down
6. Refrigerant management in Japan© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents：
1. Who is JRAIA ?
2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
3. Market trend
4. Strategies to be taken as Japan
5. HFC step down
6. Refrigerant management in Japan© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

1. Who is JRAIA?
 Overview
The Japan Refrigeration and Air conditioning Industry Association (JRAIA)
Established in 1949.



168 member companies including the associate members.
(as of 1st of June 2017)
The business fields of the member companies are :- Air conditioning (residential, commercial, automotive)- Refrigeration (commercial, industrial, transport)- Ventilation- Heat pump system (HP water heaters)- Refrigerants- Parts© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents：
1. Who is JRAIA ?
2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
3. Market trend
4. Strategies to be taken as Japan
5. HFC step down
6. Refrigerant management in Japan© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
1) Timeline in Japan
1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

 Montreal Protocol
 UNFCCC

2015

Dubai Pathway  .

 Vienna Convention

Global2010

Kigali Amendment  .
 Kyoto Protocol（COP3) Paris Agreement(COP21) .
Global Warming Countermeasure Plan■
Revised “OLP” Law ■(2018)
 HCFC produce regulation starts

 Ozone Layer Protection LawJapan

 HFC introduction

 EoL Automotive Recycle Act
Revised Fgas Act■

(2015)

 Home Appliance Recycle ActAmendment

 Fluorocarbon Recovery&Destruction Act© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
2) Regulation of refrigerant by "designated products" in Japan
Regulated by “Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons”

Target GWP

Target year

Room air conditioning (Mini-Split)

7502018Commercial air conditioning (Split)

750

2020

Mobile air conditioning

150

2023

Condensing unit andrefrigerating unit

1500

2025

Cold storage warehouses

100

2019

Urethane foam

100

2020

102019Designated Products

Dust blowers（Weighted Average GWP）

RACHP sectors© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Trend of legislation and Protocols3) HFC phase down latest status in Japan

HFC phase down
now

120%

10 yr later

20 yr later
freeze30 yr later
NonA5A5-G1

A5-G2

100

80

We can keep this line when therefrigerants in the designatedproducts will be changed to new one.

60

40

20+HCFC 15%
HFC B.L.
Non A5+HCFC 65% +HCFC 65%
HFC B.L.
HFC B.L.
A5-G1
A5-G2

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050

0

© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Trend of legislation and Protocols4) Comparison of safety act

U.S.

EuropeJapanLegislation/Act

Clean Air ActSNAPF−Gas Regulation,
Act・Act on Rational Use and Proper
Management of Fluorocarbons
・High pressure gas safety act

Nationallegislation

Building CodeIMC, UMC, etc.

Building Code・High pressure gas safety act

Internationalstandards
Standard /regulations(define ref types)

Standard /regulations(safety)

ISO817（refrigerant classification）

ISO5149（safety）

ASHRAE34

Relevant standards
based on ISO・High pressure gas safety act

ASHRAE15
UL60335-2-40
UL484, etc.

EN378
EN60335-2-40

・High pressure gas safety act
・JIS C9335-2-40
・JRA standards, etc.

© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Trend of legislation and Protocols4) Comparison of safety act

U.S.
Legislation/Act

Clean Air ActSNAPEurope
F−Gas Regulation,
ActJapan・Act on Rational Use and Proper
Management of Fluorocarbons
・High pressure gas safety act

What is “High Pressure Gas Safety Act”?
National
Building Code
Building Codepressure gas safety act
This act is IMC,
the UMC,
regulation
for highpressure gas, but・High
coverstoxicity andlegislationetc.
flammability of the refrigerants, and applies to HVAC equipment of the sizeInternational
ISO817（refrigerant classification）
ISO5149（safety）
standards
above certain refrigerant
volume.
Standard /regulations(define ref types)

Standard /regulations(safety)

ASHRAE34

Relevant standards
based on ISO・High pressure gas safety act

ASHRAE15
UL60335-2-40
UL484, etc.

EN378
EN60335-2-40

・High pressure gas safety act
・JIS C9335-2-40
・JRA standards, etc.

© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents：
1. Who is JRAIA ?
2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
3. Market trend
4. Strategies to be taken as Japan
5. HFC step down
6. Refrigerant management in Japan© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

3. Market trend1) Refrigerant conversion status in each product sector
Number of Units in 2016FY(in thousands)

Y/Y Ratio (%)

Refrigerant

Residential air conditioners

8,527.5

104.4

R410A>>R32

Commercial air conditioners

793.9

102.6

(only Small-size; 41%)

Residential heat pump water heaters

424.4

104.1

(almost 100%)

Gas engine-driven air conditioners

30.598.1

R410A

Water chilling units

12.998.8R410A,R134A

Air to air heat exchangers

109.2

93.2

NA

Commercial refrigerated cabinets

312.4

101.4

R404>>R410A, CO2

Condensing units

91.3

98.3

R410A

Refrigeration units

29.7

102.2

R22>>NH3,(+CO2)

Product Category(almost 100%)

R410A>>R32
CO2, (R32)© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

3. Market trend
2) World market trend of air conditioners(2016；102.31M-units）
xx%: A2L refrigerant ratio(unit)

4%
Nearly
100%
41%

20%

24%
1%

© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents：
1. Who is JRAIA ?
2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
3. Market trend
4. Strategies to be taken as Japan
5. HFC step down
6. Refrigerant management in Japan© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Strategies to be taken as Japan
1) JRAIA’s Vision and Activities on Environmental Conservation

EQUIPMENT
Energy Saving

Emission control on a
CO2 basis

REFRIGERANTS
Direct Emission Control· Promotion of recovery· Measures against leakage(proper management ofrefrigerants)· Reduction of amountcharged into equipment

ALTERNATE
REFRIGERANTS
Acceleration to shift tonew refrigerants• Research of low GWPrefrigerants• Risk Assessment

Act on Rational Use & Proper Management of Fluorocarbons
Top Runner Program

Home Appliances Recycling Act
EoL Automotie Recycling Act
High Pressure Gas Safety Act© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

4. Strategies to be taken as Japan2) Points for Refrigerants Conversion
Actions to phase down HFCs have been started sector by sector in Japanby considering not only environment performance but also safety,
energy efficiency and economic feasibility.

S+3Es
Safety (precondition)

・Low Toxicity
・Low Risk of Flammability

Environment
Performance・Ozone Depletion Potential =0
・Low Global Warming Potential(GWP)

EnergyEfficiency

・Superior for LCCP* value
・Similar performance at high load cooling

EconomicFeasibility

・Reasonable Cost
・Acceptable level in Developing Countries
LCCP*：Life Cycle Climate Performance© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents：
1. Who is JRAIA ?
2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
3. Market trend
4. Strategies to be taken as Japan5. HFC step down
6. Refrigerant management in Japan© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

5. HFC step down
1) Steps to execute HFC reduction plan ：challenges and response
Step 1

Selection ofcandidate
refrigerant• Basic physical properties (energy efficiency), compatibility withlubricating oil, etc.
• Efficiency evaluation, confirmation of reliability etc.
• Low GWP refrigerant has flammability.

Step 2

Confirmation ofequipment
safetyStep 3

Confirmation ofsafety
standards• Risk assessment by product (Life cycle perspective, region by region)• Development of new standards and guidelines by risk assessment• Association for Evaluation of A2L Refrigerant by IndustryGovernment-Academia Collaboration• Design complying with IEC, ISO and national standards• Amendment of standard itself• Especially concerning the mildly flammability, it is a new concept© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

5. HFC step down
2) Steps to execute HFC reduction plan ：challenges and response
Step 4

Confirmationof safety
regulations• Partial relaxation of Building Codes, High Pressure Gas Safety Act(in Japan)• Security guarantee based on the above new standards and guidelines• Addition of new category from the viewpoint of flammability

Step 5Marketacceptability
Step 6

Expandingpenetration
into themarket• Overcoming the additional issues related to the rising product price byinstallation of risks and installation work, understanding of the market isindispensable• Example of risk countermeasure: installation of ventilator, gas sensor,
installation of shutoff valve etc• briefing sessions for the market, measures to promote penetration• Overcoming economic issues (cost increase etc.)• Level of capital investment due to alternative refrigerant© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

5. HFC step down3) Step toward revision of classification for A2L refrigerants(legislations to assure safety）

Step toward revision
2011

Nov. 2016

Step5, 6:

Step1:

Evaluation ofPerformance(Efficiency)

Market launch
Including product and installation, etc.

Step2:

Legal action

Risk Assessment
JRA standards& guidelines

Step4:High Pressure Gas
Safety Act

Building Act
Fire Service Act

Activities of the committee for the risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants

Japan

Step3:

GlobalIEC, ISO revised© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

5. HFC step down4) Main Point of the mitigation of High pressure gas safety Act

1. Revised classification A2L refrigerants.(R32, R1234yf, R1234zd)
2. Reference of JRA Standards and Guidelines.
Refrigerants
Refrigerants(former)
Fluorocarbon(inert gas)

No need of Notification or Approval
for present refrigerant.

Fluorocarbon, NH3
NH3
Fluorocarbon,(excl. inertgas)(excludinginertgas)
Others(CO2,A3)
Others(CO2, A3)

Notification or Approval for A2L areneeded same as other refrigerants.

© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

5. HFC step down
4) Main Point of the mitigation of High pressure gas safety Act

1. Revised classification A2L refrigerants.(R32, R1234yf, R1234zd)
2. Reference of JRA Standards and Guidelines.
Refrigerants
Refrigerants(former)
Fluorocarbon(inert(inertgas,gas)
CO2,)
Fluorocarbon
Fluorocarbon,
NH3(particularinertgas)(excl. inertgas)
R32, R1234yf, R1234zdOthers(CO2,A3)
Fluorocarbon, NH3(excl. inert gas)

A2L:
Newlycategorized
No need of Notification or Approvalfor A2L same as present refrigerants.

Others(A3)© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

5. HFC step down
5) JRA Standards and Guidelines(1)products

No. of Std.
or GL.

Title

References

the refrigerant chargeequipment

JRA GL20“Appropriate measures to prevent combustion
against refrigerant gas leakage from the refrigerant
charge equipment using semi-inert gas”

ISO 817
ISO 5149-1,-3:2014
IEC 6033-2-4061D/338/INF:2016refrigerant leak detector
and alarm

JRA 4068“Requirements of refrigerant leak detector andalarm for air conditioning and refrigerationequipment”

ISO 5149-1, -3:2014refrigerant leakage fromrefrigerating and air
conditioning equipment

JRA GL14“Guideline for prevention of refrigerant leakage
from refrigerating and air conditioning equipment
and systems using fluolocarbon”

ISO 14903

chiller

JRA GL15“Guideline of design construction for ensuringsafety against refrigerant leakage from chiller using
lower flammability(A2L) refrigerants”

ISO 5149-2, -3, -4
IEC 60335-2-40
IEC 60079-10-1commercial airconditioners

JRA 4070“ Requirements for ensuring safety against
refrigerant leakage from commercial air
conditioners using lower flammability(A2L)
refrigerants”

ISO 5149-1, -2, -3, -4
ISO 5149-1/Amd1

JRA GL16“Guideline of design construction for ensuring
ISO 5149-1, -2, -3, -4
safety against refrigerant leakage from commercial
ISO 5149-1/Amd1
air conditioners using lower flammability(A2L)
refrigerants”© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

5. HFC step down6) JRA Standards and Guidelines(2)products

No. of Std.
or GL.

Title

References

commercial refrigerationequipment

JRA 4072“ Requirements for ensuring safety against
refrigerant leakage from commercial refrigerationequipment using lower flammability(A2L)refrigerants”

ISO 14903
IEC 60079-10-1:2015
IEC 60335-2-40:2013

JRA GL18“Guideline of design construction for ensuringsafety against refrigerant leakage from commercial
refrigeration equipment using lowerflammability(A2L) refrigerants”

ISO 5149-1
IEC 60079-10-1:2015
IEC 60335-2-40:2013
IEC 60335-2-40
61D/338/INF:2016

JRA 4073“ Requirements for ensuring safety against
refrigerant leakage from commercial packaged air
conditioner for facilities using lower
flammability(A2L) refrigerants”

IEC 60335-2-40
61D/338/INF:2016

JRA GL19“Guideline of design construction for ensuringsafety against refrigerant leakage from commercial
packaged air conditioner for facilities using lower
flammability(A2L) refrigerants”

IEC 60335-2-40
61D/338/INF:2016

commercial packaged airconditioner© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents：
1. Who is JRAIA ?
2. Trend of legislation and Protocols
3. Market trend
4. Strategies to be taken as Japan5. HFC step down
6. Refrigerant management in Japan© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

6. Refrigerant management in Japan
1) Market response (refrigerant management) < Based on the revised F-gas act >(Not limited to flammable refrigerants)

1. Inspection system (user) → legal regulation
Require periodic inspection for equipment with a certain capacity or more
2.

Improve the level of contractors → Operate with private qualification
Lecture implementation, qualification acquisition

3. Qualifications of collection / destruction traders, certification→ registration system for local governments
4.

(Efforts as Industrial Association)

Formulation of leakage prevention guidelines© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Summary
1. Example of the measures for HFC step down in Japan is shown.
(Effect of industry-academia-government collaboration)
2. Risk assessment is the key issue for each product sector andeach country. ( especially refrigerant life cycle and regionality)
3. It is needed to share the results of risk assessment in each region.
4. It is very important to assure safety and to mitigate the safety
codes of each nation by using the results of risk assessment.

© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

Thank you for your kind attention!!

© 2017 JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.