ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇
ศᏊ䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛷㻌ᴫㄽ䡘㻌䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢䛴䛟䜛㻌
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ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇◊✲఍㻌 ⴭ㻌ᮧ⏣㻌 ᬛ㻌 ⦅㻌㻌㻌㻯㻮㻵 Ꮫ఍ 㼑㻮㼛㼛㼗㻌 ➨ 㻟 ᕳ㻌㻌Introduction to Molecular Robotics
Creating a system with molecular design
Molecular Robotics Research Group
Satoshi MURATA 2018
CBI Society eBook Vol.3
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䛂ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇ᴫㄽ䛃ห⾜䛻䜘䛫䛶㻌
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ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⊂❧࡛඲ࡃ㛵ಀ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋྜࡗ࡚㸪஫࠸ࡢ㐍Ṍࢆຍ㏿ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㸪࣮࢝ࢶ࣡࢖ࣝࡢࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ
࢕ᛮ᝿ࡢ୰ᚰ࡟࠶ࡿ㸬࠸ࡲ࡛ࡇࡑࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ࢕ᛮ᝿ࡣᗈࡃཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࡀ㸪࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣ᛹ࡋ࠸ᮍ᮶ண᝿ᐙࡢ኱ணゝࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᢏ⾡ࡀᢏ⾡ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ࡜࠸࠺཰✭ຍ㏿ࡢἲ๎ࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᐃᛶⓗ࡟ࡣṇࡋ࠸㸬ᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ⼥ྜࡋ࡚㐍Ṍࡀຍ㏿ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦㇟ࡣ㸪ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫࡢࡇࡇ࠿ࡋࡇ࡛㢖⦾࡟㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ㢖ᗘࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍ
㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศ㔝⼥ྜࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢタィ࡜ᐇ⿦ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᬑ㐢ᛶࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸㸬ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᆅ⌫ୖࡢ୺ࡓࡿ⮬↛⌧㇟ࡣ㸪⏕࿨⌧㇟ࡶྵࡵ࡚㸪ศᏊ࡜ศᏊࡀ஫࠸࡟཯ᛂࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᆅ⌫ୖࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣศᏊࢩ
ࢫࢸ࣒ࡔ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺㸬≉࡟⏕࿨ࡣศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᴟ⮴࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡣ⮬ᚊᛶ࡟࠶ࡿ㸬⏕࿨࡜࠸࠺⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪ᆅ⌫ୖࡢ㐍໬࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡳᐇ⌧ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࢆேⅭⓗ࡟タィࡋᐇ⿦ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩘࠎࡢㄢ㢟ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤᏱᐂࡢ㉳※ࢆ᥈ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓㄢ㢟࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪ᴟࡵ࡚ᣮᡓⓗ࡛᰿※ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸㸬ᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣮᡓⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟࡟⮫ࡴࡢࡣ㸪୍ࡘࡸ஧ࡘࡢᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࠶ࡽࡺࡿᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࢆ⥲ືဨࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋྜࡗ࡚஫࠸ࡢ㐍Ṍࢆຍ㏿ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ࢕࡟ྥ࠿࠺᫬௦࡟ධࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࡲࡉ࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࡣ㸪ࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ࢕࡟ྥ࠿࠺᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣ
ࡌࡵ࡚ฟ⌧࡛ࡁࡓศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࡢ
ᬑ㐢ᛶ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫࡢⓎᒎࡢ୰࡛ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ฟ⌧ࡍ࡭ࡁศ㔝࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ᐇࡣ㸪ࡇࡇࡲ࡛㛗ࠎ࡜㏙࡭ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᮏ᭩ࡢᗎ❶ࡢᅗ㸱࡟୍┠░↛ࡢయ࡛どぬ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ᭩ࡢ➨㸯❶࠿ࡽ➨㸳❶ࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟㸪᝟ሗᏛ࣭ᕤᏛ࣭
໬Ꮫ࣭⏕≀Ꮫࡀ⼥ྜࡋ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ≀ㄒࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྛศ㔝ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋྜࡗ࡚⼥ྜࡋ࡚᮶ࡓ࠿ࡀලయⓗ࡟ㄒࡽLLࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉࡟㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛ࣭ไᚚᕤᏛ࣭ィ⟬ᶵ⛉Ꮫ࡞࡝ࢆྵࡴᗈ⩏ࡢ᝟ሗᏛ࡜㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢࡶࡢࢆᢅ࠺໬Ꮫࡸ⏕≀Ꮫ࡜ࡀ㸪࠸࠿࡟⼥ྜࡋ࡚᮶ࡓ࠿࡟ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ≉ᚩࡀࡼࡃ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᝟ሗᏛࡣศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆタィࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢶ࣮ࣝࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲㄽ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟࠸࠺࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍ࡭ࡁ⌮⏤ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪໬Ꮫࡸ⏕≀Ꮫࡣ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ᮦᩱ࡜ᐇ㦂ᢏ⾡ࢆ⪃᱌ࡋ㸪⭾኱࡞ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ㏉ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᝟ሗᏛ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞᪉ἲㄽࡢ๰ᡂࢆ㏕ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏ᭩ࡢ≀ㄒࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ⼥ྜࡋ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛⤊ࢃࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣỴࡋ࡚࡞࠸㸬Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ⼥ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡓ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ㸪௒ᗘࡣ㸪⼥ྜࡋࡓศ㔝࠿ࡽᵝࠎ࡞᪂ࡋ࠸ศ㔝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡓࡵ
࡟ᾘ㈝ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⮬ᚊⓗศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࠸࠺ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢࢸ࣮࣐
ࡢᬑ㐢ᛶ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ศ㔝ࢆ⥙⨶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝㸪࡜࡚ࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ᮏ᭩ࡢ➨㸴❶࡛ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ୍ࡘࡢศ㔝࡜ࡋ࡚་⒪ᛂ⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪୍ࡘࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ᭩ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ➨㸵❶࡛ࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ♫఍ཷᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣᐇࡣෑ㢌ࡢࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡢヰ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡢヰࢆ⪺ࡃ࡜㸪ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫࡀ཰✭ຍ㏿࡟ࡼࡾ↓⠇᧯࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺
࡜࠸࠺ᮯ៧ࢆឤࡌࡿேࡀ࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ᮏ᭩ࡢ➨㸵❶࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡀࡲࡉ࡟ᮯ
៧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ✏ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ᮏ᭩ࡢᇳ➹࡟㛵ࢃࡗࡓ᪉ࠎ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ◊✲఍࠾ࡼࡧ᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿ᇦࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࠖ࡟㛵ࢃࡗࡓࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟῝ࡃឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸㸬࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ≀ㄒࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛
ࡁࡓࡢࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࡢ๰ᡂ࡟㛵ࢃࡗࡓࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ
᪉ࠎࡢ࠾㝜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟ࡶ࠺୍ゝ௜ࡅຍ࠼࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ≀ㄒࡣጞࡲࡗࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᮏ᭩࡟ࡶᗎ❶ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ᭩඲యࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜࠸࠺㛗ࡃ⥆ࡃ≀ㄒࡢᗎ❶࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㻌

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䜎䛘䛜䛝㻌

ୡࡢ୰୍࡛␒」㞧࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣఱ࠿࡜ၥࢃࢀࢀࡤ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࡑࡢ⟅࠼ࡣᡃࠎࣄ
ࢺࢆྵࡴ⏕≀࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ࣄࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ  ඙ಶࡢ⣽⬊࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⣽⬊ࡦ࡜ࡘࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟࠾ࡼࡑ  ୓✀㢮ࡢ㑇ఏᏊࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟⩻ヂࡉࢀ࡚㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏕࿨άືࢆไᚚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⏕࿨άື࡟ࡣ㸪௦ㅰ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ⣽⬊ෆእࡢ≀㉁ࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾ࠿ࡽ㸪⣽⬊ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ෌⏕⏘㸪➽⫗ࡢ㐠ື࠿ࡽ⚄⤒⣔࡟ࡼࡿᛮ⪃㸪ᤕ㣗㸪⏕Ṫࡲ࡛㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿάືࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡀ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶඖࢆࡓࡔࡏࡤศᏊ㛫ࡢ཯ᛂ࡟࡯࠿࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬⣽⬊࡜࠸࠺ᑠࡉ࡞⿄ࡢ୰࡛㸪↓ᩘࡢศᏊࡀ࠺ࡈࡵࡁ㸪ࡪࡘ࠿ࡾྜ࠸㞟ྜ㞳ᩓࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ศᏊࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓࡾ㸪୙せ࡞ศᏊࢆศゎࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡸࡸࡇࡋ࠸཯ᛂࢆワࡵ㎸ࢇࡔ↓ᩘࡢ⣽⬊ࡀ✵㛫ࢆᇙࡵᑾࡃࡋ࡚㸪ࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࡢ㞟ྜయࡢ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ព࿡
ࡢ࠶ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡔ㸬ࡲࡉ࡟᝿ീࢆ⤯ࡍࡿ」㞧ࡉ࡜࠸࠺࡭ࡁ
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊ⏕≀Ꮫࡢᩍ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏕≀ࡣ㸪ඹ㏻ࡢศᏊ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸶✀㢮ࡢ᰾㓟㸦 ✀㢮ࡢ '1$ ࡜  ✀㢮ࡢ 51$㸧࠾ࡼࡧ  ✀㢮ࡢ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆ୺ᡂศ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡣ⢾㙐࡜ࣜࣥ⬡㉁ࡔࡅࡀ୺࡞⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢇ࡞ࢃࡎ
࠿࡞✀㢮ࡢศᏊࡔࡅ࡛㸪࠶ࡾ࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⏕≀ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡶ㸪⣲ᮦࡀඹ㏻࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪'1$ ࠿ࡽࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡬ࡢ」〇㸪㌿෗㸪⩻ヂࡢࡋࡃࡳࡀࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⏕≀࡛ඹ㏻࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ㸦ࢭࣥࢺ࣭ࣛࣝࢻࢢ࣐㸧ࡢ୰࡛⣽⳦࠿ࡽ᳜≀㸪ື≀ࡲ࡛ࡀ㐍໬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡣ㸪᭷㝈ࡢ✀㢮ࡢศᏊ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࠿ࡽ㸪↓㝈ࡢከᵝᛶࢆ๰ࡾฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬ࡉ࡚㸪ᕤᏛࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⏕≀ࢆぢࢀࡤ㸪᭷㝈✀㢮ࡢ㒊ရ࠿ࡽከ✀ከᵝ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ๰ࡾฟࡍ⏕≀ࡢࡋࡃࡳࡣ㸪ᕤᏛ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪✲ᴟࡢཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ❧ሙ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࠕศᏊࣞ࣋ࣝ࠿ࡽࠖ㒊ရࢆタィࡋ㸪ྜᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪᭷ᶵⓗ࡟ືసࡍࡿࠕࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖࢆࡘࡃࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ࡲࡊ࡟⏕≀࡟ᏛࡪᕤᏛ࡜࿧ࡪࡢ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸㸬 ᖺ࡟ࢩ࣮࣐ࣥࡀタィࡋࡓ '1$ ศᒱᵓ㐀ࡣࢃࡎ࠿  ሷᇶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪 ᖺࡢ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢⓎ᫂࡟ࡼࡾᩘ༓ࡢ࣮࢜ࢲ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪 ᖺ⌧ᅾࡣ  ୓ሷᇶࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࡀసࡽࢀࡿ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪'1$ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ
ࡸ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᶵ⬟ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡀ⥆ࠎ࡜㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ㸪ᡃࠎࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࣉࣟ
ࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓࠕࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᣦྥࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬⣲ᮦ࡜࡞ࡿศᏊ✀ࡶḟ➨࡟ᣑࡀࡗ࡚㸪51$ ࡸ࣌ࣉࢳLYࢻ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡜ '1$ ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸪ேᕤ᰾㓟࡞࡝ࡀຍࢃࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᐇࡣࡲࡔ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ᐇ⏝࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚㸪ᛂ⏝ศ㔝ࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪ࢻࣛࢵࢢࢹࣜࣂࣜࡢࡓࡵࡢศ
Ꮚࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ◊✲ࡀࡍ࡛࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪๰⸆㸪⎔ቃࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ㸪ேᕤගྜᡂ࡞࡝࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡶᶍ⣴ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᛂ⏝ࢆぢ㉺ࡋ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ
◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥసࡾ࡞࡝೔⌮㠃ࡢ᳨ウࡶጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸧㸬㓄ิ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศᏊタィࡢᕤᏛ࡛ࡣ㸪࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶ⏕≀ࡢ㑇ఏᏊᆺࡀ⾲⌧ᆺ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪㓄ิ࡜࠸࠺ࢧ࢖ࣂ࣮✵㛫ࡢ᝟ሗࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲࣜ࢔ࣝ࡞≀㉁ୡ⏺ࡢᐇయ࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡲࡲࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡸ $, ࡢ㐍Ṍࡀ⥆ࡅࡤ㸪࠸ࡎࢀᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡽࡎ࡜ࡶ㸪ࢧ࢖ࣂ࣮✵㛫࡛⢭ᐦ࡞ศᏊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚᭱㐺࡞㓄ิタィࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศᏊࡢྜᡂࡶ⮬ື໬ࡉࢀ㸪⏕≀࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞」㞧࠿ࡘ኱つᶍ࡞ேᕤࡢศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆసࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓேᕤศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪⏕≀࡜ࡣࡲࡓ㐪ࡗࡓࡸࡾ࠿ࡓ࡛㸪ேᕤ≀㸪ࡘࡲࡾே㛫ࡢ♫఍࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ
ࡔࢁ࠺㸬㓄ิࡢࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࡝ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿศᏊࡢࣞࢦࡣ↓㝈ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ᭩ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᴫㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ஦㡯࠿ࡽ᭱᪂ࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡࢫࡲ࡛ࢆࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃ⤂௓ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚⦅ࡲ
ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ㔜࡞ࡾྜ࠺㡿ᇦ࡟⌧ࢀࡓศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪≉ᐃࡢᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࢆᏛࢇ࡛ࡁࡓே࡟ࡣ㸪⏝ㄒࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜
ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾࡘࡁ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ᚲせ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢணഛ▱㆑ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᰕ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྛ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡔ࠸ࡓ᪉㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ᪉࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ᭩ࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢຓࡅ࡟࡞ࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᖺ  ᭶ᮧ⏣ ᬛ
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

ᮏ᭩䛾ᵓᡂ㻌
ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛ㸪ไᚚᕤᏛ㸪ィ⟬ᶵ⛉Ꮫ㸪⏕໬Ꮫ㸪⏕≀≀⌮Ꮫ㸪㧗ศᏊ໬Ꮫ㸪᰾㓟໬Ꮫ㸪ศᏊ⏕≀Ꮫ㸪೔⌮Ꮫ࡞࡝㸪ከࡃࡢᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆಠ▔ⓗ࡟═ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕
ࢡࢫࡢ඲యീࢆࡘ࠿ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡸึᏛ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ⌧ᅾ㐍⾜ᙧࡢᣑࡀࡾࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡀࡐࡦᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼㸪ᮏ᭩ࢆ௻⏬ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ᭩ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡㸪ศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮㸪ศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ㸪ศᏊ⣲ᮦ㸪་⒪ᛂ⏝㸪♫఍ཷᐜࡢ  ❶࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ❶࡛㸪⌮ㄽ㸪ᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡿᢏ⾡㸪་⒪࡬ࡢᛂ⏝࠿ࡽ♫఍ⓗ࡞❧ࡕ఩⨨ࡲ࡛㸪኱ࡲ࠿࡞ෆᐜࢆࡘ࠿ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪࠿ࡘ㸪⌧ᅾ◊✲ࡢ๓⥺࡛ఱࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᩘከࡃࡢࢥ࣒ࣛࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࢺࣆࢵࢡࢫࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ㄽᩥ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛ㡯┠ࡈ࡜࡟ᩥ⊩ࣜࢫࢺࢆ௜ࡋࡓ㸬 ᗎ❶ࡢࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡬ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ᑟධ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ࡢᐃ⩏㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᏛ⾡ⓗ఩⨨࡙ࡅ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㏆ᮍ᮶ᛂ⏝࡜ࡑࡢㄢ㢟
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ࡢࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢタィ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㓄ิ㸪ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰㸪ືⓗᅇ㊰㸪኱つᶍࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ㝵ᒙࡈ࡜࡟㔜せᢏ⾡ࢆゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶᩘከࡃࡢ᪉ᘧࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆ⥙⨶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪࡜ࡃ࡟᭷⏝࡞ࡶࡢ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸ࡶ
ࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢥ࣒࡛ࣛ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ࡢࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒
໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㐍໬ࢩࢼ࡛ࣜ࢜㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬࡟ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢẁ㝵ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪➨  ẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿ࢔࣓࣮ࣂ
ᆺ㸦ேᕤ⣽⬊ᆺ㸧ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉ㛤Ⓨࡸ㸪ࢫࣛ࢖࣒ᆺࡢᵓ⠏ཎ⌮࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࢤࣝୖࡢィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝ㸦ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ㸧࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿ᇦࡢᡂᯝࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ࡢࠕศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᇶ┙ᢏ⾡࡜ࡶ࠸࠺࡭ࡁ '1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲ືྥࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᙜึ⣲ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ '1$ ࡀࡶࡗࡥࡽ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ 51$ ࡸ࣌ࣉYLࢳࢻ࡞࡝ࡼࡾᶵ⬟ᛶࡢ㧗࠸⏕య㧗ศᏊࡢ㓄ิࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪௒ᚋࡣ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ '1$࣭51$࣭࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡢ」ྜయࡀタィࡉࢀ㸪౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ
ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬➨  ❶ࡢࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔ
ࢱ࣮⣔࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᚤᑠ⟶࣭࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡢ⣔㸪ேᕤ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ㔜ྜ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎㐍⣔㸪ග㥑ືࡉࢀࡿ࢔ࢡࢳࣥ⣔㸪)$73DVH ࡟ࡼࡿᅇ㌿ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢆ㸪↓ᶵศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ
࣮࡜ࡋ࡚㸪%= ࢤࣝ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࠾ࡼࡧ↓ᶵࢼࣀࢩ࣮ࢺ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬➨  ❶ࡢࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆࡘࡃࡿ⣲ᮦࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡢືྥࢆゎㄝࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ࡢ⣲ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ '1$ ࢤࣝࢆ⪃࠼ࡓሙྜ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ㸪'1$ ࡢ኱㔞ྜᡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⏕య⏤᮶ࡢ᰾㓟࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ேᕤࡢ᰾㓟ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ኳ↛ࡢ᰾㓟࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᭷⏝ᶵ⬟ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ග㸦⣸እගࡸྍどග㸧ࡢἼ㛗࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚⤖ྜ࣭஋㞳ࡍࡿ᰾㓟ࡸኳ↛᰾㓟࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡞࠸┤஺᰾㓟࡞࡝ࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅇ㊰࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⮬⏤ᗘࢆᣑࡆࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ࡢࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣศᏊࢹࣂ
࢖ࢫࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ་⒪ࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㏆࠸ᑗ᮶ࡢᛂ⏝ࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᰾㓟་⸆ࡸ L36 ⣽⬊࡜ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀ࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨᒎࢆࡓ࡝ࡿࡢࢆゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ࡢࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ♫఍ཷᐜ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜ᚑ᮶ࡢᕤᏛ
ᢏ⾡ࡢ┦㐪Ⅼࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㐍ࡵࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿㸪೔⌮㸪ἲᚊ㸪♫఍ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞Ἴཬຠᯝࡀண᝿ࡉࢀ㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡀ♫఍ⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷᐜࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ
ࡸᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࡜࠸ࡗࡓලయⓗ࡞᳨ウࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆゎㄝࡍࡿ㸬

㻌

㻌

YLL


┠ḟ㻌

ห⾜࡟ࡼࡏ࡚

i

ࡲ࠼ࡀࡁ

iii

ᮏ᭩ࡢᵓᡂ

v

┠ḟ

vii

ᗎ❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜈䜘䛖䛣䛭㻌㻝㻌➨䠍❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾タィ⌮ㄽ㻌㻝㻟㻌㸯㸬㸯  '1$ ࡢ㸰ḟᵓ㐀ண࣭㓄ิタィᢏ⾡㸯㸬㸰  '1$ ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᢏ⾡ࡢືྥ㸯㸬㸱  ࣜ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ '1$ ᅇ㊰タィ㸯㸬㸲  '1$ ቑᖜᅇ㊰㸯㸬㸳  ไᚚ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃືⓗ཯ᛂᅇ㊰ࡢタィ㸯㸬㸴  3(1'1$7RROER[㸯㸬㸵  ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢタィ㸯㸬㸶  ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢࡓࡵࡢᐇ᫬㛫ศᏊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ

㸯㸬㸷  ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ㄽ

㸯㸬㸯㸮 ศᏊேᕤ▱⬟ࡢᐇ⌧࡬ྥࡅ࡚

㸯㸬㸯㸯 ๰Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ

➨䠎❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮໬ᢏ⾡㻌㻢㻟㻌㸰㸬㸯  ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲࡜ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ

㸰㸬㸰  ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉ

㸰㸬㸱  ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡜✵㛫ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿศᏊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ

㸰㸬㸲  ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢᐇ⿦

㸰㸬㸳  ᣑᩓಀᩘࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿศᏊ

㸰㸬㸴  ⛣ືࡍࡿࢤࣝ

㸰㸬㸵  ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయᢏ⾡࡟ࡼࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᒎ㛤㸰㸬㸶  ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡟ࡼࡿ୍ศᏊィ࡜⭷ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ➨䠏❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䛯䜑䛾ศᏊ䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊㻌㻝㻞㻝㻌㸱㸬㸯  '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᢏ⾡ࡢືྥ㸱㸬㸰  ⬡㉁⭷ୖࡢ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞㞟✚ᢏ⾡㸱㸬㸱  '1$ ࢱ࢖࣭ࣝ'1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡᢏ⾡ࡢືྥYLLL
㸱㸬㸲  ⣽⬊㦵᱁⏝ࡢ '1$ ᵓ㐀࡛ᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡓ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒

㸱㸬㸳  '1$ ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥ

㸱㸬㸴  '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫ◊✲㸱㸬㸵  '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟ࡼࡿ㓝⣲཯ᛂࡢ୍ศᏊほᐹ㸱㸬㸶  51$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢືྥ

㸱㸬㸷  ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࣭ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁タィᢏ⾡ࡢືྥ㸱㸬㸯㸮 ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ

➨䠐❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䛯䜑䛾ศᏊ䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍㻌㻝㻥㻟㻌㸲㸬㸯 ⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢆ㥑ື⣔࡜ࡍࡿࢫ࣮࣒࣡ᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᵓ⠏ 㸲㸬㸰  ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

㸲㸬㸱  ࢔ࢡࢳࣥᑒධ⭷ᑠ⬊ࡢගไᚚ

㸲㸬㸲  ᅇ㌿ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮

㸲㸬㸳  %= ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

㸲㸬㸴  ↓ᶵ⤖ᬗࡢ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

㸲㸬㸵  '1$ ࢆ౑ࢃ࡞࠸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ

➨䠑❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䛯䜑䛾ศᏊ⣲ᮦ㻌㻞㻝㻟㻌㸳㸬㸯  '1$ ࡢ኱㔞ྜᡂ࡜⎔ቃᛂ⟅ᛶࢤࣝ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝㸳㸬㸰  '1$ ࢤࣝ࡜ࡑࡢᛂ⏝㸳㸬㸱  ගᛂ⟅ேᕤ᰾㓟㸳㸬㸲  ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ '1$ ィ⟬㸳㸬㸳  ᰾㓟ࡢ┤஺ᛶ㸳㸬㸴  ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥศᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ '1$ ཯ᛂࡢไᚚ

➨䠒❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾་⒪ᛂ⏝㻌㻞㻠㻣㻌㸴㸬㸯  51$513 ࡟ࡼࡿ⣽⬊㐠࿨ࡢไᚚ

㸴㸬㸰  ࣑ࢭ࣭ࣝ࣋ࢩࢡ࣭ࣝࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡍࡿ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ 㸴㸬㸱  ேᕤⓗ࡟ไᚚྍ⬟࡞᰾㓟་⸆࡟ྥࡅ࡚

㸴㸬㸲  ศᏊࡣࡸࡪࡉࡢክ

➨䠓❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾♫఍ཷᐜ㻌㻞㻣㻣㻌㸵㸬㸯 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮ࡢᚲせᛶ࡜ㄢ㢟㸵㸬㸰 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆᕠࡿ (/6, ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟



⣴ᘬ



ⴭ⪅⤂௓



⦅㞟ᚋグ






ᗎ❶㻌 
ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜈䜘䛖䛣䛭㻌㻌㻌ᗎ❶㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜈䜘䛖䛣䛭䡚䛭䛾ᐃ⩏䠈Ꮫ⾡ⓗ఩⨨䛵䛡䠈㏆ᮍ᮶ᛂ⏝䛸䛭䛾ㄢ㢟㻌㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 ࡇࡢ❶ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜࠸࠺ศ㔝ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ኱ࡁࡃࡘ࠿ࢇ࡛࠸
ࡓࡔࡃࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢศ㔝࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືᶵ࡟ࡼࡾ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡲࡎࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶศᏊࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬ḟ࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫၥศ㔝ࡀ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐⓗ⫼ᬒࡲࡓᚲ↛ᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚⌧ࢀࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓ࠿㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡑࡢᏛ⾡ⓗ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㏆࠸ᑗ᮶㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛂ⏝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ゎỴࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ㄢ㢟ࡣఱ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿ㸬㻌ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛸䛿䠛㻌ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ๓࡟㸪ࡲࡎࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࢆᐃ⩏ࡋࡼ࠺㸬ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺࡜㸪࡝ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࢆᛮ࠸ᾋ࠿࡭ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽ࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣀ࢖ࢻ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே㛫ᆺࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸽⮬ື㌴ᕤሙࡢ⁐᥋ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸽✵࠿ࡽⲴ≀ࢆᏯ㓄ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࢻ࣮ࣟࣥ㸽ᗋࢆ࠾ᤲ㝖ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸽࡞࡝࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁᛮ࠸ࡘࡃ㸬ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿఱ࠿ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᴫᛕ࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㝿㸪ࣄࢺࡸື≀࡟ጼࡸືࡁࡀఝ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ
ᮏ㉁࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓぢ࠿ࡅୖࡢ≉ᚩ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ⣲࡜ࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪ࡘࡲࡾࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᵓᡂ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ⣲࡜ࡣ㸪࣮ࣔࢱ㸪࣐࢖ࢥࣥ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸪ࣂࢵࢸ࣮ࣜ࡞࡝ࡢ㒊ရ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᶵ⬟㒊ရࡀ㸪୍ᐃࡢᵓ㐀ࡢ୰࡟཰ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀ⥲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ
ᡂࡍࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡣ㸪ࠕࢭࣥࢧ࣮࡟ࡼࡾእ㒊⎔ቃ࠿ࡽ᝟ሗࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ㸦᝟ሗฎ⌮ᅇ㊰㸧࡟ࡼࡾࡑࡢ᝟ሗࢆฎ⌮ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚⎔ᗎ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡬ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ

ቃ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࠖ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸪࡜ᐃ⩏࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸬࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕศᏊࠖࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡣఱ࠿㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡶࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ୖグࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࠕศᏊࠖࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᫬
ࡣ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᇶᮏᶵ⬟ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆ㸪୍࠿ࡽ㸪ࡘࡲࡾศᏊࡢᵓ㐀ࡸ㓄ิ࠿ࡽタィᅗ㸯 ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡣ
ࡋࡓศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸪࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑ࠺ゝ࠺࡜㸪ᬑ㏻ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡔࡗ࡚㸪ศᏊࡸཎᏊ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
࠸࠺ேࡀ࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀࠕศᏊࢹࣂ
࢖ࢫ࡛ࠖࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᬑ㏻ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪㔠ᒓࡢሢࡸࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࡢሢࢆ⣲ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࢆ๐ࡗࡓࡾᆺ࡟ὶࡋ㎸ࢇࡔࡾࡋ࡚ࡘࡃࡗࡓ㒊ရ࡛࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㒊ရࡣ⣲ᮦࡢሢࡢࡶࡘᛶ㉁㸦ᶵᲔⓗᙉᗘ࡜࠿㟁Ẽఏᑟᗘ࡞࡝㸧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᛶ㉁ࡣ⣲ᮦࢆ୍ᐃࡢᙧ
≧࡟ᡂᆺ࣭ຍᕤࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿᛶ㉁࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡜࠸࠺ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪⏕≀ࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢศᏊࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ≉ᐃࡢᙧ≧ࢆ࡜ࡾ㸪ᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪ឤぬࢆࡘ࠿ࡉ࡝ࡿศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸦እ⏺ࡢ≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗ࡞᝟ሗࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࣞࢭࣉࢱ࣮ศᏊ㸧㸪▱⬟ࢆࡘ࠿ࡉ࡝ࡿศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸦ᤊ࠼ࡓ᝟
ሗࢆ₇⟬ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡢศᏊࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆᨺฟࡍࡿศᏊ཯ᛂ⣔㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪㐠ືࢆࡘ࠿ࡉ࡝ࡿศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸦ศᏊࢩࢢࢼࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㥑ືࡉࢀࡿศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ㸧ࡀ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࡗࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾స䜚᪉㻌ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ⩌ࡣ㸪ᶵᲔຍᕤࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣐ࢡ
ࣟ㸦ࣂࣝࢡ㸧࡞ຍᕤ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྜᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬⏕≀࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㓝⣲࡜࠸࠺ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡀ㸪'1$ ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิ࠿ࡽ㌿෗⩻ヂࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ࡬࡚㸪࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࡢ㙐ࡀྜᡂࡉࢀࡿ཯ᛂ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㸬ᮏ᭩࡛㏙࡭ࡿ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡞࡝ࡢேᕤศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢሙྜࡣ㸪᭷ᶵྜᡂࡸ '1$ ྜᡂ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᮦᩱศ
Ꮚࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆΰࡐྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡦ࡜ࡘࡦ࡜ࡘࡢศᏊࢆṇࡋ࠸ᙧ࡟ᢡࡾ␚ࢇࡔࡾ㸪⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡓࡾࡋ࡚ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆసࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡢ㐣⛬ࡶ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪ࢭࣝࣇ࢔ࢭࣥࣈࣜ㸦⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᶵᲔ㒊ရࡸ㟁Ẽ㒊ရࡣ㐺ษ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡞࠸࡜඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡞࠸㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ṑ㌴࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪㐺ษ࡞ṑᩘẚࢆࡶࡗࡓṑ㌴ࢆ㐺ษ࡞㍈㛫㝸࡛㓄⨨ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ᅇ㌿㐠ືࡢఏ㐩ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࢀ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟㸪ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡶ
㐺ษ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡞࠸࡜ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢฟຊ㸦㏻ᖖࡣศᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸㸧ࡀูࡢศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢධຊ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡
ࢡࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡀࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᐇయ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࡣ㸪࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛㸪࡝ࡇ࠿ࡽࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛࡞࠸
࠿㸪ࡘࡲࡾศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢෆእ࣭ቃ⏺ࢆ༊ษࡿᵓ㐀ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᐜჾࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ⩌ࢆ཰ࡵࡿࠕࢩ࣮ࣕࢩࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⣽⬊⭷ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬䜰䝯䞊䝞ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾㛤Ⓨ㻌ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢෆ㒊࡛ࡣ㸪ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ⩌ࡀ㸪஫࠸࡟୍ᐃࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆಖࡕ࡞
ࡀࡽ᭷ᶵⓗ࡟ືసࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍⯡࡟␗࡞ࡿ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢆྠ୍ࡢ⁐ᾮ✵㛫࡛⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⡆༢࡛࡞࠸ࡀ㸪'1$ ➼ࡢ⏕యศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑ
ࢀࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬'1$ ศᏊࡢ᩿∦ࡣሷᇶ㓄ิ≉␗ⓗ࡟௚ࡢ '1$ ᩿∦࡜⤖ྜ㸦ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢬ㸧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪⭾኱࡞㓄ิࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸦㓄ิ✵㛫㸧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚」㞧࡞ᙧ≧ࡢ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࡸㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ '1$ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ
ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾࡍ࡛࡟ᩘ༑୓ሷᇶࢆ㉸࠼ࡿつᶍࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࡸ㸪ᩘ༑ಶࡢࣟࢪࢵࢡࢤ࣮ࢺࢆྵࡴㄽ⌮₇⟬ᅇ㊰ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟」㞧࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᵓ⠏ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᖺ࠿ࡽ  ᖺ࡟Ώࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ⛉◊㈝᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿ᇦࠕឤぬ࡜▱⬟ࢆഛ࠼ࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ๰ᡂ㸦␎⛠㸸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ㸧ࠖ㸦㡿ᇦ௦⾲ ⴗ㇂ᫀᕫ㸪ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸪▱⬟㸪࢔࣓࣮ࣂ㸪ࢫࣛ࢖࣒࡜࠸࠺㸲ࡘࡢィ⏬◊✲⌜࡜බເ◊✲⌜࡟ࡼࡾศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿᵝࠎ࡞◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ࢔࣓࣮ࣂ⌜࡜ࢫࣛ࢖࣒⌜ࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ㛤Ⓨᗎ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡬ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ

ࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓ㸬࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪'1$࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟ࡼࡿࢭࣥࢧ࣮㸪'1$
ቑᖜᅇ㊰㸧㸪ᚤᑠ⟶࣭࢟ࢿࢩࣥศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱࢆ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㸦࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸧ෆ࡟⤫ྜࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱࡢࡍ࡭ࡾ㐠ືࡢ⭷㠃࡬ࡢఏ㐩ࢆ'1$
ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡛ไᚚࡍࡿ㸦'1$ ࢡࣛࢵࢳ㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ࣮Ƃ᝟ሗฎ⌮Ƃ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺୍㐃ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ㸪'1$࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻ࡢ᝟ሗศᏊ࡛᥋
⥆ࡋ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚⤫ྜࡋࡓึࡵ࡚ࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㸰㸬㸰⠇ཧ↷㸧㸬ࡇࡢ◊✲
ࡣⓎ⾲࡜ྠ᫬࡟ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞཯㡪ࢆ࿧ࡧ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢࢫࣛ࢖࣒⌜ࡣ㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ศᏊィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔ㸬ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣᚋ࡟㏙࡭ࡿ⬻ᆺࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟ࡘ
࡞ࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ศᏊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟ࡼࡿィ⟬ࢆ✵㛫࡟ᣑࡆࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ㸰 ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉ
ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛻⮳䜛Ꮫ⾡䛾ὶ䜜㻌ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ಶูࡢศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡸせ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ㐃㛵㸪⤫ྜࡉࡏࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࡢ୺㢟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
㏻ᖖࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᶵᲔ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ศᏊࡢࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉ࡞໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࣭⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ࣭⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࣂࣝࢡࡢ໬Ꮫ᧯సࡋ࠿チࡉࢀࡎ㸧㸪ືసࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸไᚚࡣࡍ࡭࡚໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ
⣔ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡼࡾᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀ㸪໬Ꮫ㸪⏕≀Ꮫ㸪ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᪤ᏑࡢᏛၥศ㔝ࡢᯟࢆ㉺࠼㸪ࡑࡢୖࡢ㝵ᒙࡢᏛၥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
㏻ᖖࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ಙ㢗ᛶࡢ㧗࠸㟁Ẽ࣭ᶵᲔ㒊ရࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛࡢ㉳※࡛࠶ࡿࢧ࢖ࣂࢿࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀᥦၐࡉࢀࡓ  ᖺ௦࡟ࡣ㸪ࡲࡔ㟁Ꮚィ⟬ᶵࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡈࡃ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪༙ᑟయᢏ⾡ࡸ⢭ᐦຍᕤᢏ⾡ࡢⓎ㐩࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㣕㌍ⓗ࡟㐍Ṍࡋ㸪௒࡛ࡣ㧗ᗘ࡞ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀస
ࢀࡿࡲ࡛࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ⌧≧ࢆぢࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢ㒊ရ࡜࡞ࡿேᕤศᏊࡢタィࡸྜᡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜṊ㇏႐༤ኈࡢேᕤ⭷㸪᪂ᾏᚁ἞༤ኈࡢศᏊᶵᲔ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ㥑ⓗ◊✲࡞࡝㸪ࢃࡀᅜࡀ≉࡟ᙉࡳ࡜ࡍࡿศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィࡸไᚚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ศᏊ㓄ิタィ㸪'1$ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ
ࡢᢏ⾡࡟ຍ࠼㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡไᚚ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ཯ᛂ⣔ไᚚ࡞࡝ࡀᛴ㏿࡟㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪᰾㓟་⸆ࡸL36⣽⬊ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ෌⏕་⒪ࡢ㐍Ṍࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀά㌍ࡍࡿሙࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡣ㸪ࢧ࢖ࣂࢿࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆศᏊࣞ࣋ࣝ࠿ࡽ෌ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟㸪᪤ᏑࡢᏛၥศ㔝ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ⼥ྜ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢຍ㏿ᗘⓗ࡞㐍Ṍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪኱つᶍ࡛」㞧࡞ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ⮬ᅾ࡟సࡾฟࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ࠸ࡎࢀ≀㉁࣭᝟ሗ࣭⏕࿨ほࡢࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢩࣇࢺࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡟⮳ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧㸬ᅗ㸱 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟⮳ࡿᏛ⾡ࡢὶࢀᗎ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡬ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ

ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜢ྲྀ䜚ᕳ䛟ୡ⏺䛾≧ἣ䞉ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾≧ἣ㻌㏆ᖺ㸪'1$ࢆ⣲ᮦ࡜ࡍࡿศᏊࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸪ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢ◊✲ࡀୡ⏺ⓗ࡟άᛶ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ḣ⡿ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀᛴ⃭࡟㐍ࡳ㸪࢔ࢪ࢔ࡀࡑࢀࢆ㏣࠸࠿ࡅࡿᒎ㛤࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㛵㐃ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲ᣐⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ࡟:\VV◊✲ᡤࡀ๰タࡉࢀ㸪ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡟ࡶ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࢝ࣜࣇ࢛ࣝࢽ
࢔ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ㸪࣑ࣗࣥ࣊ࣥᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ㸪࢔ࣜࢰࢼᕞ❧኱Ꮫ࡞࡝࡟ࡶ◊✲ᣐⅬࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰㸪⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪኱ᆺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ 0ROHFXODU 3URJUDPLQJ
3URMHFW㸦033㸧࡞࡝ࡀ┦ḟ࠸࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㸪✵㛫ⓗศᏊィ⟬ᢏ⾡㸪'1$࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟ࡼࡿ㉸㧗ศゎ⬟ගᏛィ 㸪'1$ࣟࢪࢵࢡࢤ࣮ࢺࡢ኱
つᶍ໬㸪'1$ࣈࣜࢵࢡᢏ⾡㸪'1$࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟ࡼࡿ୍ศᏊィᢏ⾡㸪'1$ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢ⏕యෆ฼⏝㸪኱つᶍ࡞'1$ࢼࣀᵓ㐀࣭ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸
ࡗࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡀḟࠎ࡜㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪 ᖺ࡟ࡣᅜ㝿 51$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡᏛ఍ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀ㸪'1$ࢼࣀᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪'1$51$ࢼࣀᢏ⾡࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୰ᅜࡢྛ኱Ꮫࡣ⡿ᅜ࡛ά㌍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᅜ⣔ⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ
ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪௒ᚋ㸪ᛴ㏿࡟࢟ࣕࢵࢳ࢔ࢵࣉࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࡣ᪥ᮏࡀ
ᥦၐࡋ㸪◊✲ࡢඛ㠴ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶᢏ⾡ⓗඃ఩ᛶࡀ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ᖺ࡟ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ศᏊࣟ
࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫㄪᰝ◊✲఍㸦୺ᰝᮧ⏣ᬛ㸧ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋ㸪ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᖺᗘ࡟
࠿ࡅ࡚๓㏙ࡋࡓ᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿ᇦࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࠖ
㸦㡿ᇦ௦⾲ⴗ㇂ᫀᕫ㸧ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟ࡣ㸪໬Ꮫ㸪⏕≀≀⌮㸪᝟ሗ⣔㸪ᕤᏛ⣔ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ᘏ࡭ྡ
ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀཧຍࡋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ⢭ຊⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ㡿ᇦ࠿ࡽὴ⏕ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪1('2ḟୡ௦ேᕤ▱⬟࣭ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
せ⣲ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠕ⏕యศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࠖ㸦௦⾲ᑠ㛗㇂᫂ᙪ㸧㸪-67ே࡜᝟ሗࡢ࢚ࢥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡࡟ᑐࡍࡿἲᚊ࣭೔⌮࣭⤒῭࣭ᩍ⫱࠿ࡽࡢ᥋㏆ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࠖ
㸦௦⾲ᑠ㛗㇂᫂ᙪ㸧㸪⛉◊㈝ᇶ
┙◊✲6㸦 ௳㸪௦⾲㰺⸨༤ⱥ㸧㸪ᇶ┙◊✲$㸦 ௳㸪௦⾲ᮧ⏣ᬛ㸪ᑠ㛗㇂᫂ᙪ㸪᳃ᓥᆂ௓㸧ᇶ┙◊✲%㸦 ௳㸧࡞࡝ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪බເ⌜◊✲⪅ࡢ᰿ᮏ┤ேࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓᡂᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᶵ⬟ᛶࣂ࢖࢜ศᏊࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ
࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕࢆタ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸦ᰴ㸧(SVLORQ0ROHFXODU(QJLQHHULQJ㸧㸬ࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ಶูࡢศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆࡘࡃࡿ◊✲ࡶࡉࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ㒊ရ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࠖ࡟࠸ࡕ᪩ࡃྲྀ
ࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᾏእ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸⊂⮬ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ࢆ✚ࡳୖࡆ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪51$ࡸ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ㸪ேᕤ᰾㓟㸪㧗ศᏊ࡞࡝'1$௨እࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦࢆᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ◊✲⪅ࡢᒙࡀཌ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ≉Ⰽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪௒ᚋ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ᛂ⏝ᒎ㛤ࢆ┠ᣦࡍᒁ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ᭷฼ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬㻌ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾㐍໬䝅䝘䝸䜸㻌᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿ᇦࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࠖࡢ❧ࡕୖࡆ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚㸪ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵ
ࢺࡢⓎᒎᙧែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㐍໬ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲㸧㸬ࡇࡢࢩࢼ࡛ࣜ࢜ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㐍໬ࡣ㸪༢ศᏊ࡟ᶵ⬟ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࡴ➨ୡ௦ࡢศᏊࢫࣃ࢖ࢲ࣮
࡟ࡣࡌࡲࡾ㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆᑒධࡍࡿ➨ୡ௦ࡢ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศ
Ꮚࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸪ࢤࣝ࡟ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆศᕸࡉࡏ࡚ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࢔ࢵࣉࢆᅗࡿ➨ୡ௦ࡢࢫࣛ࢖࣒ᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸪ከ⣽⬊໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ከᵝᛶࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ➨ୡ௦㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㟁Ꮚᢏ⾡ࡸ⏕≀య࡜ࡢࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢵࢻࢆ┠ᣦࡍ➨ୡ௦࡟⮳ࡿ㸬  ࡑࡢᚋࡢᏛ⾡ࡢ㐍ᒎࢆࡳ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛◊✲ࡢ୺ὶࡔࡗࡓ '1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡶ㸪ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࢆ┠ᣦࡍ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀከࡃ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡢྛẁ㝵࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀᐇ㝿࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ㸲 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㐍໬ࢩࢼࣜ࢜
ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾ᮍ᮶ᛂ⏝㻌 ከࡃࡢㄞ⪅ࡢ⯆࿡ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝࠺࠸ࡗࡓศ㔝࡛㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪㏆ᮍ᮶ࡢศᏊࣟ
࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᛂ⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡘࡘ㸪ᮏ᭩ࡢලయⓗ㡯┠࡜ࡢᑐᛂࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ㸬ᗎ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡬ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ

ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡣỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡛࠶ࡾ㸪༙ᑟయ⏘ᴗ࡟௦ࢃࡿ
ḟୡ௦ࡢ⏘ᴗᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡘ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ࡸ 51$㸪࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࡞࡝ࢆ⣲ᮦ࡜ࡍࡿศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡜ࡑࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࡀ୺せ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡜
࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪≉࡟㸪⏕࿨࡜ேᕤ≀ࡀ⼥ྜࡍࡿศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᛂ⏝ᒎ㛤ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡣᛴ㏿࡟㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢᑗ᮶ࢆぢ㏻ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢⓎᒎࡢ⤒⦋ࢆእᤄࡍࢀࡤ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢண᝿ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪㏆ᮍ᮶ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᛂ⏝࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿⤂௓ࡋࡼ࠺㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ୺࡟᰾㓟ࡸࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡞࡝⏕యศᏊᮦᩱ࡛ࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡓࡵ㸪⏕య࡬ࡢᛂ⏝㸪≉࡟་⒪ศ㔝࡜ࡢぶ࿴ᛶࡣ㧗ࡃ㸪࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᛂ⏝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸳㸧㸬ࡍ࡛࡟ከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢻࣛࢵࢢࢹࣜࣂࣜࡢ
㧗ᗘ໬ࡀࡑࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛㸪㧗ᗘ࡞デ᩿࣭ᢞ⸆ࣟࢪࢵࢡࢆศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡑ
ࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ㸪యෆ࡛デ᩿࣭἞⒪ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㏆ᖺࡘ࠸࡟ᐇ⏝໬ẁ㝵࡟ධࡗࡓ᰾㓟་⸆ࢆ㸪࢖ࣥࢸࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢺ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒᰾㓟་⸆ࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪༢୍ࡢ㑇ఏᏊࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ
࡟ࡍࡿ㏻ᖖࡢ᰾㓟་⸆࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪⏕యෆ࡟ᢞධࡉࢀࡓேᕤ཯ᛂᅇ㊰ࡀ
PL51$ࡢⓎ⌧⃰ᗘ࡞࡝ࢆ⏝࠸࡚デ᩿㸦ศᏊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ㸧ࢆ⾜࠸㸪་⸆࡜࡞ࡿ᰾㓟㓄ิࢆ⣽⬊ෆ࡛ྜᡂࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛㸪࠸ࢃࡤࠕ㣧ࡴ࠾་⪅ࡉࢇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸬⏕య཯ᛂ⣔࡜ࢡࣟࢫࢺ࣮ࢡࡋ࡞࠸┤஺ேᕤ᰾㓟㸪デ᩿ࣟࢪࢵࢡ
ᅇ㊰ࡢタィἲ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ⏕≀ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ド࡞࡝ࡀ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒᰾㓟་⸆ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪L36⣽⬊ไᚚࡣ㸪51$ࢱࣥࣃࢡ」ྜయ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿேᕤ࢜ࣝ࢞ࢿࣛࢆࡶࡕ
࠸ࡓL36⣽⬊ࡢศ໬ไᚚᢏ⾡࡛㸪ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣேᕤ⮚ჾࡢస〇࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศ໬ไᚚᶵ⬟ࢆࡶࡘேᕤ࢜ࣝ࢞ࢿࣛ㸪ேᕤ࢜ࣝ࢞ࢿࣛࢆ⣽⬊ෆ㒊࡟ᑟධࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㸪⣽⬊⩌ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᙧᡂࡢ⤌⧊ไᚚ࡞࡝ࡢᢏ⾡ࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⎔ቃศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ㏆ᮍ᮶ᛂ⏝࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࣔࢽ
ࢱࣜࣥࢢࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ㸴㸧㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ✵㛫ෆࢆ⛣ືࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡢሙᡤሙᡤ࡛ᚤ㔞ࡢ≀㉁ࢆ᥈⣴ࡋ㸪⃰ᗘࡸศᕸ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⎔ቃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᾏὒࡸἙᕝ࡞࡝ࡢእ⏺࠿ࡽ㸪ேయ㸪ᐙ␆㸪ᶞᮌ࡞࡝ࡢ
᳜≀యࡢෆ㒊࡞࡝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ศᏊࡣࡸࡪࡉࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛⾜࠺⏕యෆࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ㸤ࣜࢱ࣮ࣥࡢࢥࣥࢭ
ࣉࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ேయࡸື᳜≀యෆ࠿ࡽศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ┤᥋ศᏊࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆᣢࡕᖐ

ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪యෆࡢPL51$ࡢศᕸ㸪࢚ࢡࢯࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ᝟ሗ࡞࡝㸪௚ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛
ࡣྲྀᚓࡀᅔ㞴࡞᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ศᏊࡣࡸࡪࡉ࡜࡞ࡿே
ᕤ⣽⬊࡟㸪⣽⬊⾲㠃ࡢศᏊࢧࣥࣉࣝ᥇ྲྀࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆᐇ⿦ࡋ㸪ᣢࡕᖐࡗࡓᚤ㔞ࡢศᏊࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ゎᯒࡍࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢෆ㒊ࡢศᏊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡛཰㞟ࡋࡓ᝟ሗࢆ₇⟬ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆศᏊ࡟グ᠈ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬໬Ꮫ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆ┤᥋ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡼࡾࡣ㸪ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀᅗ㸳་⒪ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᛂ⏝ᅗ㸴 ⎔ቃศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᛂ⏝ᗎ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡬ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ

㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸵㸧㸬ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸪ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ேᕤගྜᡂࡣኴ㝧࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ໬Ꮫ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ኚ᥮ࡍࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ㸵ࡣ㸪ග࡛㥑ືࡉࢀࡿศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࡟ࡼࡾ $73 ࢆྜᡂࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ᝿࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬ග㥑ືศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࡜ $73 ྜᡂ㓝⣲ࡀ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࡢ㸴ゅᙧࢭࣝ࡟཰ࡵࡽ
ࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅇ㌿㍈ࡀ㐃⤖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㸴ゅᙧࢭࣝ࡟ࡣ⺯ගศᏊࡀ㓄⨨ࡉࢀ㸪ᅗ㸵 ໬Ꮫ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᛂ⏝ᅗ㸶 ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ㏆ᮍ᮶ᛂ⏝
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㞟ගࣞࣥࢬࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᏊࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࣃ࣮ࢶࡀ」㞧࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࢀࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥᆺࡢᢏ⾡࡛ࡣ〇㐀ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ศᏊࡢ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࡟ࡼࡾ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉ࡟స〇ࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᢏ⾡ࡀά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ㏆ᮍ᮶ᛂ⏝ࡣ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡼࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᝟ሗฎ⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ㸶㸧㸬ࢹࢪࢱࣝ᝟ሗฎ⌮࡟㝈ࢀࡤ㟁Ꮚᢏ⾡ࢆ෽㥙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡀ㸪ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ᝟ሗฎ⌮ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ⏕࠿ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟࡞࠸᝟ሗฎ⌮ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢࢆධຊ࡜ࡋ㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢᨺฟࢆ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ฟຊ࡜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᛂ⏝࡛ࡣ㸪㛫࡟㟁Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿ᝟ሗฎ⌮ࢆࡣࡉࡴࡼࡾࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࢆ
ศᏊ࡛ฎ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊࡢᑠࡉࡉࡸ㸪㉸୪ิᛶ㸪ࡲࡓศᏊࡢᣢࡘ㠀⥺ᙧ࡟ࡼࡿ」㞧࡞཯ᛂࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓ᪂ཎ⌮ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ
㸦ேᕤ⬻㸧ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬䜎䛸䜑㻌 ࡇࡢ❶࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ㄽⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓ࠶࡜㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜
࠸࠺Ꮫၥศ㔝ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ᡂ❧ࡋ㸪Ⓨᒎࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫㄝ
ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ㏆ᮍ᮶ࡢᛂ⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࠾࠾࠸࡟ᵓ᝿ࢆ஺࠼
࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㆟ㄽࡋ㸪ࡇࡢᚋࡢ❶࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢࡉࡲ
ࡊࡲ࡞ഃ㠃࡬⛣ࡿ๓ࡢືᶵ௜ࡅ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬
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䠍䠊䠍㻌 ஧ḟᵓ㐀ண 䞉㓄ิタィᢏ⾡➨䠍❶㻌 㻌
ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾タィ⌮ㄽ㻌䠍䠊䠍㻌 ஧ḟᵓ㐀ண 䞉㓄ิタィᢏ⾡'1$ ࡸ 51$ ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡀ⇕ຊᏛⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ࠿ࢆணࡋࡓ࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡣ஧ḟᵓ㐀ணၥ㢟࡜࿧ࡪ㸬

㓄ิ㓄ิタィၥ㢟ࡣࡑࡢ㏫ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮃࡳࡢ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡀ᭱Ᏻᐃ࡜࡞ࡿ㓄ิࢆタィࡍࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏゎㄝ࡛ࡣ '1$ ࡢሙྜࢆ౛㢟࡟㸪ࡲࡎ஧ḟᵓ㐀ணࡢᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㓄ิタィࡢᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸬'1$ ࡢ୍ḟᵓ㐀࡜ࡣሷᇶ $㸸࢔ࢹࢽࣥ㸪7㸸ࢳ࣑ࣥ㸪*㸸ࢢ࢔ࢽࣥ㸪&㸸ࢩࢺࢩࣥ ࡢ༢⣧࡞ᩥᏐิ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪஧ḟᵓ㐀࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢሷᇶࡀ࡝ࡢሷᇶ࡜Ỉ⣲⤖ྜࢆసࡿ ሷᇶᑐᙧᡂࡍࡿ ࠿ࢆ⾲ࡋࡓᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡟୍ḟᵓ㐀࡜஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡢ㐪ᅗ㸯 '1$ ࡢ୍ḟᵓ㐀࡜஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡢ㐪࠸ୖẁ࡟ᩥᏐิ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓ୍ḟᵓ㐀ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢୗ࡟ࡣ㸪ྠࡌሷᇶ㓄ิࢆ౑ࡗࡓ ✀㢮ࡢ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬஧ḟᵓ㐀࡛ࡣ㸪$ ࡜ 7 ࠾ࡼࡧ * ࡜ & ࡢ㛫ࡢỈ⣲⤖ྜࢆ⥺࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ࠸ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬஧ḟᵓ㐀࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ཎ๎㸪$ ࡣ 7 ࡜㸪* ࡣ & ࡜ሷᇶᑐࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ሷᇶᑐࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ྠࡌ୍ḟᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ '1$ ࡛ࡶ」ᩘࡢ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡜㸪1HDUHVW1HLJKERU ࣔࢹࣝ 11 ࣔࢹࣝ࡜␎ࡍ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࡀᣢࡘ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡞⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢィ⟬ࡣ㸪㒊ศᵓ㐀ࡀᣢࡘ 11 ࣔࢹࣝࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ༢⣧࡞㊊ࡋྜ
ࢃࡏ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜࠺㸬㒊ศᵓ㐀࡜ࡣ㸪ሷᇶᑐࡢ⥺࡜୍ḟᵓ㐀ࡢ㦵᱁࡛ᅖࡲࢀࡓ㡿ᇦࢆព࿡ࡋ㸪౛࠼ࡤሷᇶᑐࡀ஧ࡘ୪ࢇࡔ㛫ࡢሷᇶᑐࢫࢱࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㒊ศᵓ㐀ࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪6DQWD/XFLD-U>@ࡸᮡᮏ>@ࡀᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟ồࡵࡓ್ࡀᗈࡃ౑ࢃࢀࡿ㸬⪃࠼࠺ࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶᏳᐃ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆ㑅ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪஧ḟᵓ㐀ணၥ㢟ࢆゎ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤᅗ  ࡢ౛࡛ࡣ㸪୍␒ୗࡢᵓ㐀ࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬஧ḟᵓ㐀ணၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ືⓗィ⏬ἲ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ౑࠺࡜ຠ⋡ࡼࡃゎࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬⪃࠼࠺ࡿ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࢆ⥙⨶ⓗ࡟᥈⣴ࡍࡿ㝿㸪ඹ㏻ࡢ㒊ศᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡢィ⟬ࢆࡦ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟⾜࠺ࡢࡀ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ヲ⣽ࡣㄽᩥࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸㸬஧ḟᵓ㐀ண

ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠎ࡞ࢯࣇࢺ࢘

࢙࢔>@ࢆ౑࠺ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡣ 183$&.>@ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ஧ḟᵓ㐀ண㸪ࠕ$QDO\VLVࠖࡢ⏬㠃౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍␒ᕥࡢධຊ⏬㠃࡛ࡣ㸪 ✀㢮ࡢ '1$ 㓄ᅗ㸰 183$&. ࡟ࡼࡿ஧ḟᵓ㐀ணࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ

୍␒ᕥࡀධຊ⏬㠃࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ධຊ⏬㠃ࡢྑୗ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ$QDO\]Hࠖ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍ࡜ィ⟬ࡀጞࡲࡾ㸪ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡍࡿ࡜⤖ᯝࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿ┿ࢇ୰ࡢ⏬㠃࡟㑄⛣ࡍࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟Წࢢࣛࣇࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡍࡿ࡜㸪୍␒ྑࡢ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡢ⏬㠃ࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬䠍䠊䠍㻌 ஧ḟᵓ㐀ண 䞉㓄ิタィᢏ⾡ิࢆධຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋ㸪᭱ึ࡟⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ┿ࢇ୰ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ⏬㠃࡛ࡣ㸪⃰ᗘศᕸࡀ㉥࠸Წࢢࣛࣇ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ศᕸࡣྛᵓ㐀ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪᭱ࡶ㔞ࡢከ࠸ᵓ㐀ࡀ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢほⅬ࡛᭱Ᏻᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Წࢢࣛࣇࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡍࡿ࡜㸪୍␒ྑ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ
௨ୖࡢ஧ḟᵓ㐀ண ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪஦๓࡟ሷᇶ㓄ิࡀศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⁐ᾮ୰࡛࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆྲྀࡿ࠿ண

ࡋࡓ࠸ሙྜ࡟ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㑇ఏᏊ୰࡟ࢥ࣮ࢻࡉ

ࢀࡓ 51$ ᩿∦ࢆぢࡘࡅࡓሙྜ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡑࡢᵓ㐀࠿ࡽணぢࡋࡓ࠸ሙྜ࡞࡝㸪⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦࡛㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㏫ၥ㢟㸪ࡘࡲࡾ┠ⓗࡢᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡿሷᇶ㓄ิࢆタィࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮃࡳࡢᙧࢆᣢࡘᵓ㐀యࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿሙྜࡸ㸪'1$ ィ⟬ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ '1$ ྠኈࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓ⣲Ꮚࢆస〇ࡍࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬༢⣧࡞ゎỴ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟㓄ิࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ ┦⿵࡞㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ㓄ิࡣ㸪୍᪉ࢆỴࡵࡿ࡜௚᪉ࡀ⮬ືⓗ࡟Ỵࡲࡿ 㸬ࡓࡔࡋࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟㓄ิタィࢆࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢ᮲௳ࢆྠ᫬࡟⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬᮲௳ࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࣭࠶ࡿᙉࡉ࡛⤖ྜࡍࡿ ᣦᐃࡋࡓ 7P ࢆᣢࡘ 㓄ิ࣭ᣦᐃࡋࡓ *& ྵ㔞ࢆᣢࡘ㓄ิ࣭ྠࡌሷᇶࡀ㐃⥆࡛  ࡘ௨ୖࡢ⥆࠿࡞࠸㓄ิ࣭ࣉࣜࣥᇶ㸪ࣆ࣑ࣜࢪࣥᇶ㸪࡞࡝ࡀ㐃⥆࡛  ሷᇶ௨ୖ⥆࠿࡞࠸㓄ิ࣭┤஺ᛶࡀᢸಖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㓄ิ᭱ᚋࡢ┤⾜ᛶࢆಖࡘࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㓄ิࢆタィࡍࡿ㝿࡟≉࡟㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ពᅗࡋ࡞࠸㒊ศྠኈࡣ⤖ྜࡏࡎ㸪ࢡࣟࢫࢺ࣮ࢡࡀ᭱ᑠ࡟ᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㓄ิࡢタィࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㸬┤஺ᛶࡀ୙༑ศ࡞ሙྜ㸪‽Ᏻᐃ࡞๪⏘≀ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪
ᮇᚅ㏻ࡾࡢᵓ㐀ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࣭ᮇᚅ㏻ࡾ࡟཯ᛂࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸㸪࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ㸬ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ࡀࡍ࡭࡚‶ࡓࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛㸪ேᡭ࡟ࡼࡿヨ⾜㘒ㄗࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚Ⰻ࠸㓄ิࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡢࡣ⌧ᐇⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬タィࡋࡓ࠸㓄ิࡢ✵㛫ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟┤஺ᛶࡀᢸಖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㓄ิࢭࢵࢺࢆ౑࠺᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ>@㸬஫࠸࡟ᖸ΅ࡋ࡞࠸  ሷᇶࡢ '1$ ࡀ஦๓࡟  ✀㢮୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࠿ࡽᚲせ࡞㓄ิࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪୍⯡ࡢၥ㢟࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㓄ิࢭࢵࢺࡀᑠࡉࡍࡂࡿࡓࡵ㸪ỗ⏝ᛶ࡟ஈࡋ࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ィ⟬ᶵࡢᨭ᥼࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗⰋ࠸㓄ิࢆタィࡍࡿᡭἲࡀከᩘ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ
ࡓ>@㸬ලయⓗ࡞ᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ከ┠ⓗ᭱㐺໬ၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃ㑇ఏⓗ࢔ࣝࢦ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽࣜࢬ࣒࡞࡝ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞㓄ิ࠿ࡽ᥈⣴ࢆ㛤ጞࡋ㸪ᑡࡋࡎࡘᨵኚࢆຍ
࠼࡞ࡀࡽఱᗘࡶ஧ḟᵓ㐀ணࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪ᮃࡳࡢ᮲௳࡟ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ヲ⣽ࡣㄽᩥࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸㸬ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔࡜ࡋ࡚බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㓄ิタィ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡶ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿Ꮡᅾࡍ
ࡿ>@㸬ᮏゎㄝ࡛ࡣ 183$&. ࡢ㓄ิタィᶵ⬟ࢆ౛࡟㸪౑࠸᪉ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ ࡣ 183$&. ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㓄ิタィࡢᶵ⬟㸪
ࠕ'HVLJQࠖࡢ⏬㠃౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᕥഃࡣධຊ
⏬㠃࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢ᮲௳ࢆධຊࡍࡿ㸬ྑഃࡣ⤖ᯝࡢ⏬
㠃࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ලయⓗ࡞㓄ิࢭࢵࢺࡀఱ✀㢮࠿ฟຊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㓄ิ࡟௜ᒓࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠕ1RUPDOL]HGHQVHPEOHGHIHFWࠖࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㓄ิࡀ࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸Ⰻ࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ᣦ
ᶆ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡟㏆࠸࡯࡝Ⰻࡃ㸪 ࡟㏆࠸࡯࡝ᝏ࠸㸬ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ୍␒ୖ࡟࠶ࡿ㸪᭱ࡶⰋ࠸㓄ิࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ㸬㓄ิࡢᶓ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ7R$QDO\VLVࠖ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍ࡜㸪タィࡉࢀࡓ㓄ิࢆ౑ࡗࡓ஧ḟᵓ㐀ண஧ḟᵓ㐀ணࢆᨵࡵ࡚⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㓄ิタィࡣ

ࡢ㏫ၥ㢟ࡔࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸㸬ᅗ㸱 183$&. ࡟ࡼࡿ㓄ิタィࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ㸬ᕥࡣධຊ⏬㠃㸬ධຊ⏬㠃ࡢྑୗ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ'HVLJQࠖ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍ࡜ィ⟬ࡀጞࡲࡾ㸪ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡍࡿ
࡜⤖ᯝࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿྑഃࡢ⏬㠃࡟㑄⛣ࡍࡿ㸬
183$&. ࡢࠕ'HVLJQࠖ࡟୚࠼ࡿධຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪᰾㓟ࡢ✀㢮 '1$ ࡞ࡢ࠿㸪51$ ࡞ࡢ࠿ ࡸ㸪ホ౯ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ ᗘ࡞࡝⮬᫂࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀ㸪஧ḟᵓ㐀ࡢᣦᐃࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ័ࢀࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠕ7DUJHW6WUXFWXUHࠖࡢᯟ୰࡟㸪ࢻࢵࢺ࣭ࣈࣛࢣࢵࢺ࣭ࣉࣛࢫグἲ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸪ᩥᏐิࢆ౑ࡗࡓ᪉ἲ࡛஧ḟᵓ㐀ࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬グἲࡣᅗ  ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢻࢵࢺࠕࠖࡀỈ⣲⤖ྜࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሷᇶࢆ㸪䠍䠊䠍㻌 ஧ḟᵓ㐀ண 䞉㓄ิタィᢏ⾡ᑐᛂࡍࡿᕥᣓᘼࠕ ࠖ࡜ྑᣓᘼࠕ ࠖࡣỈ⣲⤖ྜࢆ⾜࠺ሷᇶᑐࢆ㸪ࣉࣛࢫࠕࠖ
ࡣ '1$ ࡢษࢀ┠ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ᅗࡢ౛࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪」㞧࡞ᵓ㐀ࡶ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿᰂ㌾࡞グἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶᵝࠎ࡞ไ⣙᮲௳ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ヲࡋࡃࡣ 183$&. ࡢࠕ+(/3ࠖࢆㄞࢇ࡛࡯ࡋ࠸㸬ᅗ㸲 ࢻࢵࢺ࣭ࣈࣛࢣࢵࢺ࣭ࣉࣛࢫグἲࡢ౛ᕥୖࡣ᏶඲࡟⤖ྜࡋࡓ┦⿵࡞஧ᮏ㙐ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ྑୖࡣ࣊࢔ࣆࣥࢆྵࡴ㟷࠸ '1$ ࡜㉥࠸ '1$ ࡢ୍㒊ࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ୗഃࡣᲬே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞஧ḟᵓ㐀ࢆ㸪 ᮏࡢ '1$ ࡛ᙧᡂࡍࡿሙྜࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㓄ิタィ࡜஧ḟᵓ㐀ணࡣ஫࠸࡟㏫ၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢゎࢆᑟࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪'1$ ࡸ 51$ ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᵓ㐀ࡢゎᯒࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢタィ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚲせ୙ྍḞ࡞ᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ㡯࡛ࡣ㸪183$&. ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥࢯࣇࢺ
࢙࢘࢔ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ฼⏝᪉ἲࢆゎㄝࡋࡓ㸬
[1] SantaLucia, J. J., A unified view of polymer, dumbbell, and oligonucleotide DNA
nearest-neighbor thermodynamics, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 95, pp. 1460, 1998.

➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ[2] Sugimoto, N., Nakano, S.-I., Yoneyama, M., Honda, K.-I., Improved
thermodynamic parameters and helix initiation factor to predict stability of DNA
duplexes, Nucleic Acids Res., 24, pp. 4501, 1996.
[3] Waterman, M. S., Smith, T.F., Rapid Dynamic Programming Algorithm for RNA
Secondary Structure, Advances in Applied Mathematics, 7, pp. 455, 1986.
[4] Zadeh, J. N. et al., NUPACK: analysis and design of nucleic acid systems, J. Comput.
Chem., 32, pp. 170, 2011.
[5] Markham, N. R., Zuker, M., DINAMelt web server for nucleic acid melting
prediction, Nucleic Acids Res., 33, pp. 577, 2005.
[6] Sato, K., Kato, Y., Hamada, M., Akutsu, T., Asai, K., IPknot: Fast and accurate
prediction of RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots using integer
programming, Bioinformatics, 27, pp. 85, 2011.
[7] NUPACK http://www.nupack.org/[8] Kitajima, T., Takinoue, M., Shohda, K., Suyama, A., Design of code words for DNA
computers and nanostructures with consideration of hybridization kinetics, Lect.
Notes Comput. Sci., 4848, pp. 119, 2008.
[9] Zhang, D. Y., Towards Domain-Based Sequence Design for DNA Strand
Displacement Reactions, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 6518, pp. 162,2011.
[10] Tanaka, F., Kameda, A., Yamamoto, M., Ohuchi, A., Design of nucleic acidsequences for DNA computing based on a thermodynamic approach, Nucleic Acids
Res., 33, pp. 903, 2005.
[11] Shin, S.-Y., Lee, I.-H., Kim, D., Zhang, B.-T., Multiobjective Evolutionary
Optimization of DNA Sequences for Reliable DNA Computing, IEEE Trans. Evol.
Comput., 9, pp. 143, 2005.
[12] DNA Design toolbox http://centrosome.caltech.edu/DNAdesign/[13] CircDesigNA https://sourceforge.net/projects/circdesigna/㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᕝཪ⏕྿㸧㻌㻌䠍䠊䠎㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㻌
'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪'1$ ㄽ⌮ࢤ࣮ࢺ࣭ᅇ㊰ࡣࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟
᝟ሗฎ⌮⬟ຊ࣭ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᛶࢆ୚࠼ࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ᗈࡃ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㥑ື䠍䠊䠎㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥཎ⌮ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᡓ␎ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏゎㄝ࡛ࡣ '1$ ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡉࢀࡓㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᢏ⾡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㓝⣲ࣇ࣮࣭ࣜ'1$]\PH࣭㓝⣲⣔㸪ࡢ ✀㢮ࡢ⣔ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬㓝⣲ࣇ࣮ࣜࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ࡢ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ Ỉ⣲⤖ྜࡢ஺᥮࡟ࡼࡾ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇᙧᡂࡍࡿ཯ᛂࡢ୍✀ ࢆᕦࡳ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ㄽ⌮ࢤ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ⿦ࡍࡿ㸬౛
࠼ࡤ '1$ ࡔࡅࢆ౑࠸ $1' ࢤ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ⿦ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪஧ࡘࡢධຊ '1$ ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࡢࡳ㸪ฟຊ '1$ ࡀ୍ᮏ㙐࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ ᅗ  >@㸬ᅗ㸯 '1$ ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓ㓝⣲ࣇ࣮ࣜࡢ $1' ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢᶍᘧᅗ
஧ࡘࡢධຊࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ᫬ࡢືసࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㸦ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩>@ࢆࡶ࡜࡟సᡂ㸧ྠᵝࡢタィཎ⌮ࢆ⏝࠸࡚௚ࡢㄽ⌮ࢤ࣮ࢺࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡝࠺ࡋࢆ᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅇ㊰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞」㞧໬ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡛ࡣࢩ࣮ࢯ࣮ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ '1$ ࢤ࣮ࢺࢆ୸࠸⣲Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡋ㸪୸࠸⣲Ꮚྠኈࢆᅇ㊰ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㓄⥺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ฟຊ '1$ ࡜ධຊ '1$ ࡀᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬౛࠼ࡤ>@ࡢㄽᩥ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓᅇ㊰ࡣᖹ᪉᰿ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪౛࠼ࡤ  ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ '1$ ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀධຊ
ࡉࢀࡿ࡜㸪Ҁ ࢆィ⟬ࡋ  ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ '1$ ࡀฟຊࡉࢀࡿ㸬ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞౛࡛ࡣ㸪඲࡚ࡢศᏊࡀ⁐ᾮ୰ࢆ⮬⏤࡟ᣑᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᣑᩓ
ࡀᚊ㏿࡜࡞ࡾ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘ࡟㝈⏺ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤୖグࡢᖹ᪉᰿ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟
࠿࠿ࡿ᫬㛫ࡣ  ᫬㛫⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪'1$ ࡝࠺ࡋࡀ࣮ࣜࢡ཯ᛂ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ
ࡿணᮇࡋ࡞࠸཯ᛂ࡛ࢡࣟࢫࢺ࣮ࢡࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪⣔඲యࡀᮇᚅ㏻ࡾືసࡋ࡞࠸࡜
࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ㢖Ⓨࡍࡿ㸬㏆ᖺࡢ㓝⣲ࣇ࣮ࣜ'1$ ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡢ◊✲ศ㔝࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟ '1$ ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࢆ㓄⨨ࡍࡿヨࡳࡸ㸪⢭ᐦ࡞㓄ิタィ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⣔ࡢ㧗➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ㏿໬࣭ࣟࣂࢫࢺ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬௒ᚋࡣᅇ㊰ࡢ኱つᶍ໬ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

ᅗ㸰 㓝⣲ࣇ࣮ࣜࡢ '1$ ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡢᶍᘧᅗ
ᕥୖ࠿ࡽ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰㸪ࢹࣗ࢔࣮ࣝࣞࣝㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰㸪ࢩ࣮ࢯ࣮ࢤ࣮ࢺ⣲Ꮚ ୸࡟⦪⥺ ࢆ
౑ࡗࡓ '1$ ᅇ㊰ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ྑୗࡣࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ
㸦Reprinted from Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2011 [3]㸧ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ '1$ ࡢ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ౑ࢃࡎ㸪≉ู࡞ '1$ 㓄ิࡀࡶࡘ㓝⣲άᛶࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ '1$ ㄽ⌮ࢤ࣮ࢺ࣭ᅇ㊰ࡶ┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㓝⣲άᛶࢆᣢࡘ≉ู࡞ '1$ ࡣ '1$]\PH ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᶵ
⬟໬࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ᅗ  ࡣ᰾㓟 '1$ ࡸ 51$ ࢆษ᩿ࡍࡿάᛶ
ࢆᣢࡘ '1$]\PH ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ $1' ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡸࡣࡾ  ࡘࡢධຊ '1$ ࡢ୧᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿ᫬ࡔࡅฟຊ '1$ ࡀษ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬'1$]\PH ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ⣔࡛ࡶ㸪ฟຊศᏊࡀḟࡢࢤ࣮ࢺࡢධຊศᏊ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟
タィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅇ㊰໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬༳㇟ⓗ࡞౛ࡣ㸪୕┠୪࡭ࡢࣉࣞ
࣮ࣖ࡜࡞ࡿㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰࡛࠶ࡿ ᅗ  >@㸬ே㛫ࡀ࣐ࢫ┠࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓධຊ '1$ ࢆຍ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪'1$]\PH ࡟ࡼࡿィ⟬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ㸪࣐ࢫ┠࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ⺯ගࢆฟຊࡍࡿ㸬ᅇ䠍䠊䠎㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㊰໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵィ⟬⤖ᯝࡣḟࡢᡭ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼㸪୕┠୪࡭ࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࡀ⤊ࢃࡿࡲ࡛ே㛫࡜஺஫࡟ࣉ࣮ࣞࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$]\PH ᅇ㊰ࡣ຾ࡘ࠿ᘬࡁศࡅ࡟࡞
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ᅗ㸱 '1$]\PH ࡟ࡼࡾᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡓ $1' ㄽ⌮ࢤ࣮ࢺࢤ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ DNA 㓄ิ࠾ࡼࡧ஧ḟᵓ㐀࡜ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ㸦Reprinted from Journal of the American Chemical Society 2002 [6]㸧ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟」㞧࡞ィ⟬ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢࡢ㸪'1$]\PH ࡣタィྍ⬟࡞ሷᇶ㓄ิࡢ⮬⏤ᗘࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ⁐ᾮ᮲௳࡟ไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ ࣐ࢢࢿࢩ࣒࢘ࡸள㖄࢖࢜ࣥ࡞࡝ࡀᚲせ 㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ」㞧໬ࡸ኱つᶍ໬࡬ࡢ㐨ࡢࡾࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡓࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ไ⣙ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸୰࡛ࡶ㸪౛࠼ࡤ '1$]\PH ࡢ㓄ิࢆࣛ࢖ࣈࣛࣜ໬ࡋ㸪⣔࡟ࣉࣟࢢࣛ
࣒ᛶࢆ௜୚ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡾ>@㸪'1$]\PH ࢤ࣮ࢺࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃタィࡍࡿ᪉㔪࡜ࡋ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ࡚฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ㸲 '1$]\PH ࡟ࡼࡾᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡓ  ┠୪࡭ࡢࣉ࣮ࣞࣖ࡜࡞ࡿㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᚲせ࡞ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢᶍᘧᅗ࡜㸪3 ┠୪࡭ࡢ౛࡜࡞ࡿࢤ࣮࣒ࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ㸦Reprinted from Nano letters 2006 [7]㸧ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓᡓ␎࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪'1$ ࡜ࡣ✀㢮ࡢ␗࡞ࡿศᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ㓝⣲ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ '1$ ィ⟬⣲Ꮚࢆᐇ⿦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㓝⣲ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᰾
㓟ࡢྜᡂࡸศゎࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᶵ⬟໬ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪3(1WRROER[ ࡜ JHQHOHW ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ஧ࡘࡢ◊✲ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬3(1WRROER[ ࡣู࡟ゎㄝグ஦ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ JHQHOHW ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬JHQHOHW ࡛ࡣ㌿෗㛤ጞࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ '1$ 㓄ิࢆᕦࡳ࡟ไᚚࡋ㸪㌿෗ࡢ࢜ࣥ࢜ࣇࢆᕦࡳ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࢺࢢࣝࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿㄽ⌮⣲Ꮚ>@ࡸ㸪ᅗ  ࡢࡼ࠺࡞஧≧ែᅇ㊰ࡀᐇ⿦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ࢺࢢࣝࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ࡛

䠍䠊䠎㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ  ࡘ࠶ࡿ≧ែࡢ୍᪉ࡔࡅ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡀ㸪≧ែษ᭰ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ
'1$ ࡀධຊࡉࢀࡿ࡜㸪௚᪉ࡢ≧ែ࡟ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ㸳 JHQHOHW ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡓ஧≧ែᅇ㊰
DNA ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ RNA ࡢྜᡂ࣭ศゎ཯ᛂࡢᶍᘧᅗ࡜㸪≧ែࢆほᐹࡋࡓᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ㸦Reprinted from ACS Synthetic Biology 2006 [10]㸧


JHQHOHW ࡛ࡣࢤ࣮ࢺࡢάᛶ࡜ᢚไࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞ᅇ㊰ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚓព࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࣜࣥࢢ࢜ࢩ࣮ࣞࢱࡢࡼ࠺࡞
Ⓨ᣺ᅇ㊰ࢆᐇ⿦ࡋ㸪ᅗ  ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᣺ື⌧㇟ࢆほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬ᅗ㸴 JHQHOHW ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡓࣜࣥࢢ࢜ࢩ࣮ࣞࢱ
ᚲせ࡞ '1$ ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢ୍ぴ࡜㸪᣺ືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ
㸦Reprinted from ACS Synthetic Biology 2014 [12]㸧➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽᵝࠎ࡞ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪㓝⣲ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ཯ᛂ⣔ࡣไ⣙ࡶከ࠸㸬≉࡟⁐ᾮ୰ࡢ࢖࢜ࣥ⃰ᗘࡸ⁐ᾮᗘࡣ㓝⣲ࡈ࡜࡟␗࡞ࡿ≉᭷ࡢ᮲௳ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪」ᩘࡢ㓝⣲ࢆ౑࠺ሙྜࡣヨ⾜㘒ㄗ࡟ࡼࡾ᭱㐺࡞᮲௳ࢆⓎぢࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓヨ⸆఍♫࠿ࡽ㓝⣲ࢆ㉎ධࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ࣟࢵࢺࡈ࡜࡟άᛶࡀ␗
࡞ࡿࡓࡵ ᭱ప㝈ࡢάᛶࡔࡅࡀಖドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸪ྠࡌศ㔞ࡢ㓝⣲ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡶ୍
ᐃࡢ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘᐃᩘࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸㸬᮲௳ࡢ⦆࿴᪉ἲࡢⓎぢࡸ㸪㏿ᗘㄽⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢ༢⣧໬ࡀ௒ᚋᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ᮏゎㄝ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᡓ␎࡛ࡶ㸪༢⣧࡞ㄽ⌮ࢤ࣮ࢺࢆ 㹼 ✀㢮స〇ࡋ㸪ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡍ࡛࡟ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡣ኱つᶍ໬࣭ࣟࣂࢫࢺ໬࣭
㧗㏿໬࣭⁐ᾮ᮲௳⦆࿴࡞࡝ࡀㄢ㢟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᮏゎㄝ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡁࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓ௚ࡢ◊✲౛ࡣ㸪ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗㄽᩥ>@࡞࡝࡛☜ㄆࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸㸬[1] Seelig, G., Soloveichik, D., Zhang, D. Y., Winfree, E, Enzyme-Free Nucleic Acid
Logic Circuits, Science, 314, pp. 1585, 2006.
[2] Qian, L., Winfree, E., Scaling up digital circuit computation with DNA strand
displacement cascades, Science, 332, pp. 1196, 2011.
[3] Qian, L., Winfree E., A Simple DNA Gate Motif for Synthesizing Large-Scale
Circuits, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 8, pp. 1281, 2011.
[4] Chatterjee, G., Dalchau, N., Muscat, R. A., Phillips, A., Seelig, G., A spatiallylocalized architecture for fast and modular DNA computing, Nat. Nanotechnol., 12,
pp. 920, 2017.
[5] Srinivas, N., Parkin, J., Seelig, G., Winfree, E., Soloveichik, D., Enzyme-Free
Nucleic Acid Dynamical Systems, Science, 358, pp. eaal2052, 2017.
[6] Stojanovic, M. N., Mitchell, T. E., Stefanovic, D., Deoxyribozyme-based logic
gates, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, pp. 3555, 2002.
[7] Macdonald, J., Li, Y. Sutovic, M., Lederman, H., Pendri, K., Lu, W., Andrews, B.
L., Stefanovic, D., Stojanovic, M., N., Medium Scale Integration of Molecular
Logic Gates in an Automaton, Nano Lett., 6, pp. 2598, 2006.
[8] Elbaz, J., Lioubashevski, O., Wang, F., Remacle, F., Levine, R. D., Willner, I., DNA
computing circuits using libraries of DNAzyme subunits, Nat. Nanotechnol, 5, pp.
417, 2010.
[9] Kim, J., White, K. S., Winfree, E., Construction of an in vitro bistable circuit from䠍䠊䠎㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥsynthetic transcriptional switches, Mol. Syst. Biol, 2, pp. 68, 2006.
[10] Subsoontorn, P., Kim, J., Winfree, E., Ensemble Bayesian Analysis of Bistability
in a Synthetic Transcriptional Switch, ACS Synth. Biol., 1, pp. 299, 2012[11] Franco, E., Friedrichs, E., Kim, J., Jungmann, R.,Murray, R., Winfree, E., Simmel,
F. C., Timing molecular motion and production with a synthetic transcriptional
clock, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci, 108, pp. E784, 2011.
[12] Kulkarni, V., Kharisov, E., Hovakimyan, N., Kim, J., Load Capacity Improvements
in Nucleic Acid Based Systems Using Partially Open Feedback Control, ACS
Synth.c Biol., 3, pp. 617, 2014[13] Benenson, Y., Biomolecular computing systems: principles, progress and potential,
Nat. Rev. Genet., 13, pp. 455, 2012.
[14] Fu, T., Lyu, Y., Liu, H., Peng, R., Zhang, X., Ye, M., Tan, W., DNA-Based Dynamic
Reaction Networks, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 2018㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᕝཪ⏕྿㸧㻌䠍䠊䠏㻌 䝸䜰䜽䝔䜱䝤 㻰㻺㻭 ᅇ㊰タィ㻌ධຊࡢኚ໬࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㐺ษ࡟ィ⟬ࢆࡋ࡞࠾ࡋ࡚ฟຊ್ࡀṇࡋࡃኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡿᅇ
㊰ࢆࣜ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞཯ᛂᅇ㊰࡜࠸࠺㸬⎔ቃ࠿ࡽࡢධຊࢆࢭࣥࢧ࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ཷࡅ
ྲྀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽືసࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪⎔ቃࡢኚ໬ࢆ᳨▱ࡋ࡚ືసࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ '1$ ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᅇ㊰ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣࣜ࢔ࢡࢸ
࢕ࣈ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸬ࡇࡢ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ࡟ࡣᙺ࡟❧ࡓ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺㸬 ࣜ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ '1$ ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ*HQRWࡽࡢ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿ
㸦>@㸧㸬ࡇࡢ⣔࡛ࡣ㸪ධຊ '1$ 㓄ิ ; ࡢ⃰ᗘࡢቑຍࡣ ; ࢆᢞධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛
㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ῶᑡࡣ;ࡢ┦⿵㓄ิࡢᢞධ࡛㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬⣔ࡢ཯ᛂࡀࡍ࡭࡚
ྍ㏫࡞཯ᛂ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ฟຊࡢ⃰ᗘࡶධຊࡢኚ໬࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㐺ษ࡟ኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢືసࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟༢⣧࡞ㄽ⌮㛵ᩘࡋ࠿ᐇ⿦࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪ࣜ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ '1$ ࢔ࢼࣟࢢᅇ㊰ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿヨࡳࡶ࠶ࡿ>@ 㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ຍ⟬ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ࢔ࢼࣟࢢᅇ㊰⣲Ꮚࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྍ㏫࡞㸰ࡘࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢆᐇ⿦ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ

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    $ &% &      㸦㸯㸧՚՚

ศᏊ&ࡢ⃰ᗘࡀ୍ᐃ࡟࡞ࡿᐃᖖ≧ែࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪݇ଵ ሾ‫ܣ‬ሿ ൅ ݇ଵ ሾ‫ܤ‬ሿ െ ʹ݇ଶ ሾ‫ܥ‬ሿ ൌ Ͳࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡢ࡛㸪ሾሿ ൌ 

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ଶ௞భ

ሺሾ‫ܣ‬ሿ ൅ ሾ‫ܤ‬ሿሻ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪݇ଶ ൌʹ݇ଵ ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㏿ᗘᐃᩘࢆタᐃ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ሾሿ ൌ ሾሿ ൅ ሾሿ࡜࠸࠺ຍ⟬⣲Ꮚࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢຍ⟬ࡢ㛵ಀᘧࡣ㸪ᐃᖖ≧ែ࡛ᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡢ࡛㸪ධຊࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚
ࡶ෌ࡧᐃᖖ≧ែ࡟࡞ࢀࡤධฟຊࡢຍ⟬㛵ಀࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡿ㸬࠶࡜ࡣ㸪㸦㸯㸧ࡢ཯ᛂࢆ㏆ఝⓗ࡟ '1$ 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ࡞࡝ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇ⿦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢔ࢼࣟࢢᅇ㊰⣲Ꮚࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺࡟ࡣ㸪ᐃᖖ≧ែ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࡢὶࢀࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸦㸯㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㏿ᗘᐃᩘࢆᖜᗈ࠸ࢫ
ࢣ࣮࡛ࣝᰂ㌾࡟ᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡢ
㏆ఝᐇ⿦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪6RORYHLFKLN ࡽࡢ◊✲ >@ ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪཯ᛂ㏿ᗘᐃᩘࡢᰂ
㌾࡞タィࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡲࡔ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ௨እࡢศᏊࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᅇ㊰ࡢタィ࡞࡝ࡶど㔝࡟ධࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬
[1] A. J. Genot , J. Bath , and A. J. Turberfield, Reversible Logic Circuits Made of DNA.
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133 (50):20080-20083, 2011.
[2] S. Kobayashi, et al., Analog DNA Computing Devices Toward the Control ofMolecular Robots, Proc. of Workshop on Self-organization in Swarm of Robotics,
2014, CD-ROM, available online at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7468414/[3] D. Soloveichik, G. Seelig, E. Winfree, DNA as a universal substrate for chemical
kinetics, PNAS, 107(12):5393-5398, 2010.
㸦㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ኱Ꮫ ᑠᯘ ⪽㸧䠍䠊䠐㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ቑᖜᅇ㊰㻌㻌'1$ ࡢ㓄ิ≉␗ⓗ࡞⤖ྜࡸ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ࡜࡙࠸࡚㉳ࡇࡿᵝࠎ࡞཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫ఍ྜ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࡢᙧᡂࡸ㸪ᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᶵᲔືస㸪ከẁ㝵ࡢㄽ⌮₇⟬࡞࡝ࡀᐇ⾜࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ⤖ྜྍ⬟࡞ '1$㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ୍ᮏ㙐≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ䠍䠊䠐㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ቑᖜᅇ㊰'1$ ࡀ㸪ືసᣦ௧ࢆሷᇶ㓄ิ࡟➢ྕ໬ࡋࡓࢩࢢࢼࣝࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ㸪ỗ⏝ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࢩࢢࢼࣝఏ㐩ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ከẁ㝵ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝఏ㐩࡛ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚
ࡢ '1$ ⤖ྜ཯ᛂࡀ ࡢຠ⋡࡜≉␗ᛶ࡛㐍⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢩࢢࢼࣝࡣᚎࠎ࡟ῶ⾶ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ศᏊࡢධຊࢆ᳨▱ࡋ࡚ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱࢆື࠿ࡋ㸪࣐ࢡࣟ࡞㐠ື࡛ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆసࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ศᏊࡢධຊࡀ㉳ࡇࡍ཯ᛂ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ከᩘࡢศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࡟ືసᣦ௧ࢆఏ࠼ࡿ኱㔞ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝ '1$ ࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪୙᏶඲࡞཯ᛂ࡛ῶ⾶ࡋࡓࢩࢢࢼࣝ
ࢆᚋ⥆ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝఏ㐩࡟༑ศ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛ቑᖜࡋࡓࡾ㸪㐠ືࡢษࡾ᥮࠼࡟ᚲせ࡞㔞ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆ㏿ࡸ࠿࡟ቑᖜࡋࡓࡾ࡛ࡁࡿࠕ'1$ ቑᖜᅇ㊰ࠖࡣ㸪'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡸศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᚲ㡲࡞せ⣲཯ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
 '1$ ࢆቑᖜࡍࡿ཯ᛂ࡜࠸࠼ࡤ㸪㧗 ࡢ ᗘࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ᮲௳ୗ࡛ '1$ ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛ
ࢮࢆ⏝࠸࡚཯ᛂࢆ⾜࠺ࠕ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ㐃㙐཯ᛂ㸦3RO\PHUDVH&KDLQ5HDFWLRQ
3&5㸧ࠖࡀ㸪⏕≀Ꮫศ㔝࡛ࡣ୍⯡࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪3&5 ࡀቑᖜࡍࡿࡢ
ࡣ஧ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ㸪'1$ ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋゎ㞳ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㧗 ᮲௳ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㏵୰࡛ '1$ ࡀゎ㞳ࡋ࡚ࡣᅔࡿ཯ᛂࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡣ฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢱࣥ
ࣃࢡ㉁࡛࡛ࡁࡓศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱࡣ㧗 ࡛ኚᛶࡋ࡚ቯࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ᅗ㸯 '1$ ቑᖜᅇ㊰࡟ࡼࡿ⃰ᗘࢠࣕࢵࣉࡢඞ᭹
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ┤ᚄ wP ࡢ⌫≧ࡢேᕤ⣽⬊ᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ  ศᏊࡢධຊࢆ᳨▱ࡋ㸪ෆ㒊࡟࠶ࡿ Q0 ࡢศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ࢩࢢࢼࣝ '1$ ࡀ  ศᏊࡎࡘ⤖ྜࡋ࡚ືసࢆ RQ ࡟ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪࠾ࡼࡑ  ୓ศᏊࡢ '1$ ࢆቑᖜ⏕ᡂࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟⏝࠸ࡿ '1$ ቑᖜᅇ㊰ࡣ㸪⏕⌮ᐊᗘ㸦Υ㸧ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㸦Υ㸧⛬ᗘࡢ᮲௳ୗ୍࡛ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡀቑᖜ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬=KDQJ

ࡽࡣ㸪'1$ ࡢ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪཯ᛂ๓ᚋ࡛ሷᇶᑐࡢᩘࡀኚࢃࡽ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ࡞࠸࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮㥑ືᆺࡢ཯ᛂࢆ⪃᱌ࡍࡿ࡞࠿࡛㸪'1$ ࡀ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢゐ፹࡜ࡋ୍࡚ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࢆᣦᩘⓗ࡟ቑᖜࡍࡿ㸪㓝⣲ࢆ⏝࠸࡞࠸㸦(Q]\PHIUHH㸧ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ '1$
ቑᖜᅇ㊰ࢆ⪃᱌ࡋࡓ>@㸬 ᫬㛫⛬ᗘࡢ཯ᛂ࡛ධຊ㔞࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᩘⓒಸࡢቑᖜࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ධຊࡀ࡞࠸
ሙྜ࡛ࡶ཯ᛂ㛤ጞ┤ᚋ࠿ࡽࢩࢢࢼࣝࡢ͆₃ࢀ㸦OHDN㸧͇ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪'1$ ࡀቑᖜࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᣦᩘቑᖜ⣔࡛ࡣ㸪ࡈࡃࢃࡎ࠿࡛ࡶࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜㧗㏿࡟ቑᖜࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚₃ࢀࢆ㜵ࡄ࠿ࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪㓝⣲ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ '1$ ቑᖜ཯ᛂࡣ㸪᳨ᰝࡸ་⒪デ᩿࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬᰾㓟ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪3&5 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᳨ฟᑐ㇟
ࡢ᰾㓟㓄ิࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆቑᖜࡍࡿ཯ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪᳨ฟࢩࢢࢼࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ
ᙺ๭ࢆᣢࡘูࡢ㓄ิࡢ '1$ ࡀቑᖜ࡛ࡁࢀࡤⰋ࠸㸬⏕⌮ᗘ௨ୗࡢ᮲௳࡛㸪'1$࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ࡜ࢽࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ㓝⣲ࢆ⏝࠸୍࡚ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࢆ㧗ಸ⋡࡟ቑᖜࡍࡿ཯ᛂ
ࡀ㸪 ᖺ㡭࠿ࡽከᩘሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ཯ᛂ࡛ࡣ୙᏶඲࡞
'1$ ࡢ⤖ྜ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ₃ࢀ࡜ࡣู࡟㸪'1$ ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮᅛ᭷ࡢᛶ㉁࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ㸪㗪ᆺࡸࣉࣛ࢖࣐࣮࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸ࠕDELQLWLR'1$ ྜᡂࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㠀≉␗ⓗ࡞'1$ ቑᖜࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡓࡵ>@㸪ࡑࡢඞ᭹ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡶ㸪ࢩࢢࢼࣝ '1$ ࢆࡑࡢ⼥ゎ

ᗘ㸦7P㸧ࡼࡾࡶప࠸ ᗘ᮲௳ୗ࡛ቑᖜࡍࡿࠕ/7($0཯ᛂࠖࢆ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟㐺ࡋࡓ '1$ ቑᖜᅇ㊰࡜ࡋ࡚  ᖺ࡟⪃᱌ࡋ>@㸪DE

LQLWLR '1$ ྜᡂࡢᢚไ࡜㧗㏿࡞ '1$ ቑᖜࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡣ㸪ᚲせ㔞ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࡓࡽቑᖜࢆṆࡵࡿᶵᵓࡸ㸪」ᩘ✀ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝ '1$ ࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋࡓ㡰࡟ቑᖜࡍࡿ '1$ ቑᖜᅇ㊰࡞࡝ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬[1] D. Y. Zhang, et al., Engineering entropy-driven reactions and networks
catalyzed by DNA, Science, 318, pp. 1121-1125, 2007.
[2] N. Ogata and T. Miura, Genetic information ‘created’ by archaebacterial
DNA polymerase, Biochem. J., 324, pp. 667-671, 1997.
[3] ᑠᐑ ೺, ≉㢪 2010-275948.
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䠍䠊䠑㻌 ไᚚ⌮ㄽ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ືⓗ཯ᛂᅇ㊰䛾タィ㻌䠍䠊䠑㻌 ไᚚ⌮ㄽ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ືⓗ཯ᛂᅇ㊰䛾タィ㻌'1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ '1$ ᅇ㊰'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡣ㸪ᡤᮃࡢ᝟ሗฎ⌮ࢆ⾜࠺┠ⓗ࡛㸪ேᕤⓗ࡟タィࡉࢀࡓ '1$ ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬'1$ ᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪'1$ 㙐ࡣ᝟ሗఏ㐩ࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ࡛࠶
ࡾ㸪᝟ሗࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ᐇែࡣ '1$ 㙐ࡢ⃰ᗘ㔞࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㟁Ẽᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᝟ሗࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ᐇែࡣ㟁ᅽ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࢔ࢼࣟࢢᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㟁ᅽࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ್ࡀ
᝟ሗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢព࿡ࢆᣢࡘ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㟁ᅽࡢ㧗పࢆ㜈್ᇶ‽࡛ 㸦/RZ㸧㸪㸦+LJK㸧࡟  ್໬ࡋࡓ᝟ሗࡀព࿡ࢆᣢࡘ㸬㟁Ẽᅇ㊰࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡶ '1$ 㙐ࡢ⃰ᗘ㔞ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘ࢔ࢼࣟࢢᅇ㊰>@࡜⃰ᗘ㔞ࡢ኱ᑠ࡟ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰>@ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡟ '1$ ᅇ㊰࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿ $1' ࢤ࣮ࢺ㸦 ධຊ  ฟຊ㸧ࡢᴫᛕᅗࢆ♧ࡍ㸬$1' ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢ┿⌮್⾲࡟ᚑ࠸㸪ධຊ D㸪E ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ '1$ 㙐ࡢ⃰ᗘࡀ཮᪉࡜ࡶ㧗⃰ᗘ࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪ฟຊ F ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ '1$ 㙐ࡢ⃰ᗘࡀ㧗⃰ᗘ࡟ᅗ㸯 '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ $1' ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢᴫᛕᅗ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ㑄⛣ࡍࡿ㸬'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢタィᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪'1$]\PH࣭㓝⣲ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ᪉ἲ࡜ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ᪉ἲ>@ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸦 ⠇ࡶཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜㸧㸬ᮏ⠇࡛୺࡟ྲྀࡾ
ᢅ࠺ᚋ⪅ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪$1' ࢤ࣮ࢺࡣ㸪ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡀ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࡗࡓᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ>@㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪ከ✀ከᵝ࡞ '1$ ᅇ㊰ࡀ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸࡚タィࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ
>@㸬ᅗ  ୗ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪'1$ 㙐⨨᥮ࡢ཯ᛂࢫ࣮࣒࢟ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ༢⣧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ධຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ LQYDGHU 㙐ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡜㸪VXEVWUDWH 㙐ࡢ WRHKROG 㡿ᇦ㸦㏻ᖖ ሷᇶ⛬ᗘ㸧ࢆ⤖ྜࡢ㊊ࡀ࠿ࡾ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ LQFXPEHQW 㙐ࢆ๤ࡀࡋ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ
LQYDGHU 㙐ࡀ VXEVWUDWH 㙐ࢆ஌ࡗྲྀࡿᙧ࡛㸪LQFXPEHQW 㙐ࡀฟຊࡉࢀࡿ㸬ぢ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪'1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡣ㸪ධฟຊࢆᣢࡘࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢฟຊࢆ௚ࡢࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢධຊ࡜ࡋ࡚᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞タィཎ⌮ࡢୖ࡟㸪'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢྜ⌮ⓗタィ㸦࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸧ࡣᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪'1$ ศᏊ཯ᛂᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖࡣࠕ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ⣔࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕಙྕࠖࡣࠕ'1$ 㙐ࡢ⃰ᗘࠖ㸪ᅇ㊰ࡢࠕ᥋⥆ࠖࡣ㸪ᅇ㊰ࡢධฟຊ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ
'1$ 㙐ࢆࠕ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿ㸦཯ᛂࡉࡏࡿ㸧ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࠕᅇ㊰タィࠖ
ࡣࠕ'1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ࡜⤌ྜࡏᵓ㐀ࡢタィࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬
'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢᩘ⌮ࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢᅗ  ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿ㸬཯ᛂ㐣⛬࡛⌧ࢀࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞  ✀㢮ࡢ໬Ꮫ✀㸦ᵓ㐀㸧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ܺଵ ࠥܺ଺ ࡞ࡿࣛ࣋ࣝࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿ㸬'1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡢヲ⣽࡞཯ᛂ㐣⛬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௚᭩㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ⊩>@㸧࡟ㆡࡿࡀ㸪ྛ໬Ꮫ✀ࡢ⃰ᗘࢆߦଵ ࠥߦ଺ ࡛᭩ࡁ⾲ࡍ࡜ࡁ㸪཯ᛂࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡣḟᘧࡢᖖᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪݇௙೔ 㸪݇௥೔ 㸦݅ ൌ ͳǡ͵㸧ࡣ WRHKROG 㡿ᇦࡢሷᇶᩘࡸ ᗘ࡞࡝ࡢㅖ᮲௳࡟ࡼ

ࡗ࡚ᐃࡲࡿ⤖ྜ㸪ゎ㞳㏿ᗘᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪݇ଶ ࡣ LQYDGHU 㙐࡜ LQFXPEHQW 㙐ࡢ஺᥮䠍䠊䠑㻌 ไᚚ⌮ㄽ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ືⓗ཯ᛂᅇ㊰䛾タィ㻌㐣⛬࡛⏕ࡌࡿ஺ཫⅬ⛣ື࡟㛵ࡍࡿ≧ែ㑄⛣ᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪ᩥ⊩>@ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜㸧㸬  ᘧࡣ㸪㠀⥺ᙧ࡞ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ㠀⥺ᙧᛶࡣ㉁㔞స⏝ࡢἲ๎࡟ࡼࡿ  ḟ㡯ߦ‫࡟ כߦ כ‬㉳ᅉࡍࡿ㸬 ๓⠇࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡣ㸪  ᘧࡢᙧᘧ࡛グ㏙ࡉࢀࡿ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡀ┤ิⓗ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪୪ิⓗ࡟᥋⥆ࡉࢀࡓᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢ୍⯡⣔ࡣḟᘧ࡛୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪ߦ ‫ܦ א‬క ‫ܴ ؿ‬఍ ࡣ≧ែ࣋ࢡࢺ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪߰ǣ ‫ܦ‬క ื ܴ఍ ࡣ  ḟ㡯ߦ‫ࡴྵࢆ כߦ כ‬㠀⥺ᙧ㛵ᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ୍⯡࡟㸪'1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ '1$ ᅇ㊰࡛ࡣ㸪ᅇ㊰ࢆ㐺ษ࡟ືసࡉࡏࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟㸪≉ᐃࡢ '1$ 㙐࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪୍ᐃ㔞௨ୖࡢึᮇ⃰ᗘࢆ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ⊩>@࡛ࡣ㸪  ᘧ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪'1$ 㙐ܺଶ 㸪ܺହ ࡢึᮇ⃰ᗘࢆߦ௜ ሺͲሻ ‫ب‬ߦ௝ ሺͲሻ 㸦 ‫ ݅׊‬ൌ ʹǡͷ 㸪 ‫ ݆׊‬ൌ ͳǡ͵ǡͶǡ͸ 㸧 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ タ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ߦ଺ ሺλሻ ൌሺߦହ ሺͲሻΤߦଶ ሺͲሻሻ ή ߦଵ ሺλሻ࡞ࡿධฟຊ㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘቑᖜᅇ㊰࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᅇ㊰ືసࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽึᮇ⃰ᗘࢆᣢࡘ '1$ 㙐ࡀ཯ᛂሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚༑ศ㔞Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ᮲௳ୗ࡛ಖドࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ゝࢃࡤ⇞ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺㸬୍᪉㸪ࡑࡢ

௚ࡢ '1$ 㙐ࡣ㸪ᅇ㊰ෆࢆఏᦙࡍࡿಙྕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺㸬ḟࡢᐃ⩏ࡣ㸪'1$㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ '1$ ᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪'1$ 㙐ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ≉ᚩ௜ࡅࡿ㸬>ᐃ⩏ @㸦⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐࡜ಙྕ '1$ 㙐㸧ḟࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡼ࠺࡟࢖ࣥࢹࢵࢡࢫ㞟ྜ‫ ܫ‬㸪‫ࢆ ܫ‬ᐃࡵࡿ㸬ϸ ߦ௜ ሺͲሻ ‫ߦ ب‬௝ ሺͲሻ㸦‫ ܫ א ݅׊‬㸪‫ ܫ א ݆׊‬㸧Ϲ ‫ ܫ ׫ ܫ‬ൌ ሼͳǡ ǥ ǡ ߞሽࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪 ܺ௜㸦݅ ‫ ܫ א‬㸧ࢆ⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐㸪 ܺ௝㸦݆ ‫ ܫ א‬㸧ࢆಙྕ '1$ 㙐࡜࿧ࡪ㸬ḟ⠇௨㝆㸪⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐࡜ಙྕ '1$ 㙐ࡀᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿ '1$ ᅇ㊰ࢆᢅ࠺㸬
'1$ ᅇ㊰タィ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸱ࡘࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ せ⣲㒊ရ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ⤌ྜࡏ࡚㸪ᡤᮃࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘ '1$ ᅇ㊰ࢆ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉ࡟タィࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࡣ㸪ྜ⌮ⓗタィࢆᨭ࠼ࡿᒇྎ㦵࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪せ⣲㒊ရ࡛࠶ࡿ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ  ᘧࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟㠀⥺ᙧ⣔࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞㒊ရࡀ┦஫࡟᥋⥆ࡉࢀࡓ⣔ࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸࡟ࡣὀពࡀᚲ
せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ㄽⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢゎᯒ࡜タィ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ḟࡢ ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ㠀㈇ᛶ㸸ᅇ㊰ෆࡢಙྕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⃰ᗘ㔞ࡣ㸪㈇ࡢ್ࢆᣢࡕᚓ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪'1$ ศᏊ཯ᛂᅇ㊰  ᘧࡣ㸪㠀㈇ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ㸬ᵝࠎ࡞᝟ሗฎ⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ '1$
ᅇ㊰ࢆタィࡍࡿୖ࡛㸪㈇್ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ฎ⌮ࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪タィ⪅ࡢ๰ពᕤኵࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⌮ㄽయ⣔ࡀᩚഛࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⥺ᙧ㠀㈇ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ᑐ
ࡋ࡚㸪㠀⥺ᙧ㠀㈇ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞≉ᚩ௜ࡅࡣᮍゎỴၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶ㸸౛࠼ࡤ㸪$1' ᅇ㊰࡜ 25 ᅇ㊰ࢆ᥋⥆ࡋ࡚⤌ྜࡏᅇ㊰ࢆタィࡍࡿ㝿㸪ࡑࡢືసࡣࣈ࣮ࣝ௦ᩘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃࡲࡿ┿⌮್⾲࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬୍⯡࡟㸪ᅇ㊰ࡢ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉタィ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛᅇ㊰ࡢᶵ⬟ࡀ᥋⥆࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᦆ
࡞ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ὀពࡀᡶࢃࢀࡿ㸬᥋⥆࡟క࠺ᅇ㊰ືసࡢ⊂❧ᛶ࣭ᜏᖖᛶࢆࠕࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࠖ࡜࿧ࡪ㸬ᅗ $ ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿ㟁Ẽᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛᅇ
ሺሻ

ሺሻ

㊰ࡢධฟຊ࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫ㸦ܴ௨ 㸪ܴ௫ 㸪ܴ௫㸪ܴ௩ 㸧ࢆ㐺ษ࡟ㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᅇ㊰ࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࡀ☜ಖࡉࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪๓⠇࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᅗ % ࡟♧
ࡉࢀࡿ '1$ ᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᅇ㊰ࡢ᥋⥆ࡣ㸪ධฟຊࢆᢸᙜࡍ


ࡿ '1$ 㙐ࢆ཯ᛂ㸦⤖ྜ㸧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬せ⣲㒊ရ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࡣప࠸ࡓࡵ>@㸪ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࢆ☜ಖࡋࡓ '1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢタィ࡟ࡣ๰ពᕤኵࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬᭷㝈ᛶ㸸'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡣ㸪཯ᛂሙ࡟ᚲせ༑ศ㔞ࡢ⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐㸦>ᐃ⩏ @ࢆཧ↷㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ᮲௳ୗ࡛㸪ṇᖖ࡞ືసࡀಖドࡉࢀࡿ㸬⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓึᮇ⃰ᗘࡣ㸪ಙྕ '1$ 㙐࡜ࡢ཯ᛂ࡛㸪୍้้࡜ᾘ㈝ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢṇᖖ࡞ືస᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣὀពࡀᡶࢃࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬እ㒊࠿ࡽ⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐ࢆ⿵⤥ࡍࡿᡭẁ࡟ຍ࠼㸪㝈ࡽࢀࡓ⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐ࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟฼⏝ࡍ࡭ࡃ㸪͆┬࢚ࢿ࡞͇ᅇ㊰䠍䠊䠑㻌 ไᚚ⌮ㄽ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ືⓗ཯ᛂᅇ㊰䛾タィ㻌タィࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱᅇ㊰ࡢタィ஦౛࡟ࡳࡿไᚚ⌮ㄽࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺ๭ᅗ  ࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢ⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱᅇ㊰ࡢᴫᛕᅗࢆ♧ࡍ㸬⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱ࡜ࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢ '1$ 㙐ࡢ⃰ᗘࢆ┠ᶆ್࡟୍⮴ࡉࡏࡿാࡁࢆᣢࡘᅇ
㊰࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ౛࡛ࡣ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢእ㒊่⃭ࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪┠ᶆ್࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ⃰ᗘ㔞‫כ ݎ‬ࢆᣢࡘ  ᮏ㙐 '1$㸦ܴ㸧ࡀཷᐜయᆺࢭࣥࢧ࠿ࡽศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺෆ㒊࡟ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ
≧ἣࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ࡑࡢάື㔞ࡢ㧗ప࡟౫Ꮡⓗ࡟⃰ᗘ㔞ࡢ㧗పࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿ  ᮏ㙐 '1$㸦ܻ௣ 㸧ࡀฟຊࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱࡢไᚚ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ฟຊ '1$ 㙐ܻ௣ ࡢ⃰ᗘ㔞㸦‫ݕ‬௣ 㸧ࢆ㸪┠ᶆ್㸦‫ כ ݎ‬㸧࡟୍⮴ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬つ⠊ '1$ 㙐ܴࡣ㸪⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱᅇ㊰ࡢධຊ➃ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ '1$ 㙐࡜ࡢ⤖ྜ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾᾘ㈝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㚷ࡳࡿ࡜㸪つ⠊ಙྕࡣ㸪‫ݎ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ‫ึࡿ࡞ כ ݎ‬ᮇ᮲௳ࢆᣢࡘ᫬ኚࡢಙྕ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬>㠀㈇ᛶ࡬ࡢᑐᛂ@ ⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᡓ␎ࡣ㸪೫ᕪಙྕ݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ‫ݕ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࢆᑟධࡋ㸪೫ᕪ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ไᚚಙྕ‫ݑ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࢆ㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪 ϸ ୍⯡࡟೫ᕪ㔞ࡣṇ㈇ࡢ್ࢆᣢࡘ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ㸪

Ϲ '1$ ᅇ㊰࡛ࡣ㸪ᮍࡔ㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞࢔ࢼࣟࢢῶ⟬ჾࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞

࠸࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࠿ࡽ㸪೫ᕪಙྕࢆ⏕ᡂࡋ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽࡑࡇ࡛㸪ไᚚ⣔タィ᪉㔪࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍ '1$ ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࣞࢱ>@ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ>@㸬ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࣞࢱᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࡘࡢධຊ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ࡜‫ݕ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡣ㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ẚ㍑ࡉࢀ㸪‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൐ ‫ݕ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡢ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ไᚚಙྕ‫ݑ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡀฟຊࡉࢀ㸪࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡢάື㔞ࢆୖࡆࡿࡼ࠺ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿ㸬㏫࡟㸪‫ݕ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൐ ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡢ㝿࡟ഥ௣ ࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪ࡣ㸪ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࣞࢱᅇ㊰࠿ࡽࡣ '1$ 㙐ܷ௣ ࡢ┦⿵㙐ܷഥ௣ ࡣ㸪཯ᛂሙෆ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ '1$ 㙐ܷ௣ ࡜ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡇ
┦⿵㙐ܷ࡜࡛㸪ไᚚಙྕ‫ݑ‬௣ ࢆῶᑡࡉࡏ㸪࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡢάື㔞ࢆୗࡆࡿࡼ࠺ാࡁ࠿ࡅ

ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࣞࢱᅇ㊰⏝࠸ࡓ⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱࡣ㸪ືసⅬ௜㏆࡛ไ

ᚚᅇ㊰ࡢ࣭࢜ࣥ࢜ࣇࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿືసࢆ⾜࠺㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ไᚚ᪉ᘧࡣ㸪ᶵᲔ࣭㟁Ẽࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚ᗈࡃ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬>ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶ࡬ࡢᑐᛂ@'1$ ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࣞࢱ༢య࡛ࡢືస᳨ドࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ
࡛ࣥࡣ㸪ᡤᮃࡢᅇ㊰ືసࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᅗ  ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࣞࢱᅇ㊰࡜࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࢆ᥋⥆ࡋࡓ⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱ඲య࡛ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪 ϸ ฟຊಙྕ‫ݕ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡣ┠ᶆ್‫࡟ כ ݎ‬₞㏆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪㸦Ϲ㸧つ⠊ಙྕ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡶึᮇ್‫ݎ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ‫ࡽ࠿ כ ݎ‬኱ࡁࡃኚື

ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⃰ᗘࡢࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬୍⯡࡟㸪'1$ 㙐⨨᥮䠍䠊䠑㻌 ไᚚ⌮ㄽ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ືⓗ཯ᛂᅇ㊰䛾タィ㻌཯ᛂࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡘ '1$ 㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ┤ิⓗ࣭୪ิⓗ࡟᥋⥆ࡋ࡚సࡽࢀࡿ '1$ ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࣞࢱᅇ㊰ࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶ
ࡣప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࡢᐃ㔞ホ౯᪉ἲࡢヲ⣽ࡣᩥ⊩>@ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࡀ㸪ไᚚ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐳ཬᛶ⌮ㄽࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᅇ㊰ࡀᣢࡘࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࡢホ౯㔞ࡀ㸪'1$ 㙐ࡢึᮇ⃰ᗘ࡜཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬


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ᅗ  ࡟㐳ཬᛶ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱᅇ㊰ࡢᨵၿ౛ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬⮬ᕫゐ፹స⏝ࢆᣢࡘቑᖜᅇ㊰㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ⊩>@ࡢ 6HHVDZ ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡞࡝㸧ࢆ⤯⦕⣲Ꮚࡋ࡚ᅇ㊰ෆ࡟㐺ษ࡟ᤄධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ྛᅇ㊰ࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࡀ☜ಖࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅗ  ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ฟຊಙྕ‫ݕ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡢ┠ᶆ್‫כ ݎ‬
࡬ࡢ㏣ᚑࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㸬>᭷㝈ᛶ࡬ࡢᑐᛂ@ ⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱࢆ㛗᫬㛫࡟Ώࡗ࡚ືసࡉࡏࡓ㝿ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍ㸬⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱࡢ㥑ື࡟ࡣ⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾ㔞ࡣᅇ㊰ືస㛤ጞ㸦‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ㸧┤ᚋ࠿ࡽᛴ⃭࡟ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸦୍Ⅼ㙐⥺㸧㸬⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐ࡀᯤῬࡋጞࡵࡿ࡜㸪つ⠊ಙྕ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡣ┠ᶆ್‫ כ ݎ‬ሺൌ ͳǤͲሻ௜㏆࡟␃ࡲࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ฟຊಙྕ‫ݕ‬௣ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻࡣ┠ᶆ್࡬㏣ᚑࡋ⥆ࡅࡿ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬⏘ᴗ⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶵᲔ࣭㟁Ẽࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┬࢚ࢿ㸪᭱㐺ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿไᚚᛶ⬟ࡢᨵၿࡣ᭱㔜せせ௳ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ไᚚ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ '1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢ᭱㐺ไᚚၥ㢟ࡢゎࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪'1$
ᅇ㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᅇ㊰ᵓᡂ࣭ᵓ㐀㸪タィࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ㸦'1$ 㙐ࡢึᮇ⃰ᗘࡸ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘᐃᩘ㸧ࢆไᚚ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚᭱㐺໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㝈ࡽࢀࡓ⇞ᩱ '1$ 㙐ࢆ᭷ຠ࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿᅇ㊰タィࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ᩘ⌮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫㄝࡋ㸪ᅇ㊰タィୖᏑᅾࡍࡿ  ࡘࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࡽၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜ไᚚ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃゎỴἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪
⃰ᗘࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱࡢタィၥ㢟ࢆ౛࡟㆟ㄽࡋࡓ㸬ไᚚᕤᏛศ㔝࡛ࡣ㸪 ୡ⣖ࡢ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨㸦⏘ᴗࡢᶵᲔ໬㸧௨㝆㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᏳᐃᛶ㸪㐣Ώ≉ᛶ㸪ᐃᖖ≉ᛶ㸪᭱㐺ᛶ㸪ࣟࣂࢫࢺᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ᩘࠎࡢᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞ゎᯒἲ࡜タィἲࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬Ṕྐⓗ࡟㸪ไᚚ⌮ㄽࡣᶵᲔ࣭㟁Ẽࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪୍᪦㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡉࢀ㸪ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛グ㏙ࡉࢀࡿ࡜㸪ᩘᏛୖ㸪ᐇែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵᲔ࣭㟁Ẽࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ '1$ ᅇ㊰ࡢ㛫ࡢᇉ᰿ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ᶵᲔ࣭㟁Ẽࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᣢࡘ㠀⥺ᙧᛶ࡜ '1$ ᅇ㊰ࡀᣢࡘ㠀⥺ᙧᛶ࡟ࡣ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ࡑࡢ⁁ࢆᇙࡵࡿసᴗࡣᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ไᚚ⌮ㄽ࡜✚ࡳୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓゎᯒἲ࡜タィἲࢆ '1$ ᅇ㊰タィ࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿᣮᡓࡀ⥆ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
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䠍䠊䠑㻌 ไᚚ⌮ㄽ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ືⓗ཯ᛂᅇ㊰䛾タィ㻌


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㸦஑ᕞᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ୰ⱼ 㝯㸧㻌㻌䠍䠊䠒㻌 㻼㻱㻺㻌㻰㻺㻭㻌㼠㼛㼛㼘㼎㼛㼤㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌
0RQWDJQH ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ࢚࢟ࢯࢾࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮࢽࢵ࢝
࣮ࢮࡢືⓗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ 3(1'1$WRROER[ ࡣ '1$ ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡜㓝⣲཯ᛂࡢ୧᪉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘ㠀ᖹ⾮࡞⣔ࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᙧᡂ࠿ࡽศᏊࣟ࣎
ࢵࢺࡢไᚚჾࡲ࡛㸪ᖜᗈ࠸ᛂ⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㑇ఏᏊไᚚ䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䜢ᶍೌ䛩䜛㻌⏕⣽⬊࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ 㑇ఏᏊ ࢆ࣓ࢵࢭࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ51$ P51$ ࡬࡜㌿෗ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟
P51$ ࢆࢱࣥࣃࢡࡢྜᡂ࡟౑࠺࡜࠸࠺㸪」ᩘẁ㝵ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ⤒ࡿ」㞧࡞ィ⟬ᶵᵓࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྜᡂࡉࢀࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡࡣ௚ࡢ㑇ఏᏊࢆάᛶ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᢚไࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟」㞧࡞㑇ఏᏊไᚚࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ *HQH 5HJXODWRU\1HWZRUN*51 ࡜࿧ࡪ ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ㸬
*51 ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ㸪᣺ື>@ࡸグ᠈>@ࡢࡼ࠺࡞」㞧࡞ᣲືࡀタィࡉࢀ㸪ࡲࡓほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬*51 ࡣࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔ࡢไᚚჾ ౛࠼ࡤ⬻ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢィ⟬⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘ࡜➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ '1$Ƃ51$Ƃࢱࣥࣃࢡ࡜࠸࠺㐣⛬ࢆ⤒ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⣔ࡣ㐜ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟⣽࠿࡞ㄪᩚࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸㸬0RQWDJQH ࡽࡣ '1$ ࡜㓝⣲ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪*51 ྠᵝࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿᡓ␎ࢆᛮ࠸ࡘ࠸ࡓ>@㸬࣭ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠕ㛗࠸ࠖ'1$ 㙐 ࠾ࡼࡑ  ሷᇶ ࡀ㑇ఏᏊ࡜ᶵ⬟ࡋ㸪㓝⣲཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ▷࠸ '1$ ࢆྜᡂࡍࡿ㸬࣭▷࠸ '1$ ୍ᮏ㙐ࡢ≧ែ ࡣᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ࡜ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࢆάᛶ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᢚไࡍࡿ㸬࣭▷࠸୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡣ࢚࢟ࢯࢾࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮ㓝⣲࡟ࡼࡾ᫬㛫ࡢ⤒㐣࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠸
ศゎࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪⣔඲యࡣືⓗ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬3(1'1$WRROER[ ࡢ᭱ึࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞㏣ຍࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ
ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤᤕ㣗⪅࣭⿕㣗⪅ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣࢩࢢࢼࣝ㙐ࡀ௚ࡢ㙐࠿ࡽ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡓࡾ>@㸪␲ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࢩࢢࢼࣝ✀ࡢศゎ㏿ᗘࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡓࡾ>@㸪ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ࠿ࡽฟຊࡉࢀࡿ '1$ ࡀ 3(1 '1$ WRROER[
࡜ࡣ↓㛵ಀ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛௚ࡢศᏊࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜ᶫΏࡋࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ
ࡾ>@㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㻰㻺㻭 䝔䞁䝥䝺䞊䝖䛾ാ䛝㻌ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ '1$ ࡣ '1$ WRROER[ ࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪஧ࡘࡢࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ㸪ࡘࡲࡾධຊ࡜ฟຊ㸪࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬┦⿵࡞ࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀධຊࢻ
࣓࢖ࣥ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ࡜㸪࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㓝⣲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఙ㛗ࡉࢀࡿ㸬⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡣ᏶඲࡞஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ධຊ࡜ฟຊࢆศ㞳ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡣࢽࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ㓝⣲ࡢㄆ㆑㓄ิࢆᣢࡓࡏ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬ධຊ࡜ฟຊࡣ㓝⣲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㞳ࡋ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟⮬⏤࡟࡞ࡿ ᅗ  㸬ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ࠿ࡽࡢฟຊࡀࢩࢢࢼࣝ࡟࡞ࡿⅬࡣ '1$ WRROER[ ࡢ㔜せ࡞ഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺྠኈࢆ㛵㐃௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡓࡵ㸪*51 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢿࢵࢺ
࣮࣡ࢡࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ാࡁ䠍䠊䠒㻌 㻼㻱㻺㻌㻰㻺㻭㻌㼠㼛㼛㼘㼎㼛㼤௨๓ࡢẁⴠ࡛㏙࡭ࡓ㏻ࡾ㸪࢚࢟ࢯࢾࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮࡣ୍ᮏ㙐ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝ㙐ࢆศゎࡍࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡣ ̓ᮎ➃௜㏆ࡢ㦵᱁ࡀಟ㣭ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ศゎస⏝࠿ࡽࡣᏲࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㻰㻺㻭㻌㼠㼛㼛㼘㼎㼛㼤 䛻䛚䛡䜛䝰䝆䝳䞊䝹㻌'1$WRROER[ ࡟ࡣ㸪άᛶ㸪⮬ᕫゐ፹ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬ᕫάᛶ 㸪ᢚไ㸪ࡢ  ࡘࡢ୺せ࡞ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࡢാࡁ㸪ᣲື㸪ࢢࣛࣇ⾲⌧ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ㝿㸪ࣀ࣮ࢻ ⤖⠇Ⅼ ࡣࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆ㸪▮༳ࡣࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࢆ㸪7 Ꮠᆺࡢ▮༳ࡣᢚไࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬୕ࡘ┠ࡢᢚไࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࣄࣅࢱ࣮࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ≉ู࡞ '1$ ࢩࢢࢼࣝ㙐ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㸬࢖ࣥࣄࣅࢱ࣮ࡣ
ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ㒊ศ࡜⤖ྜࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ᅗ '1$WRROER[ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ
ࡀ㸪࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ࡟ࡼࡿ ࡸࢽࢵ࣮࢝ࢮ ୙༑ศ࡞ㄆ㆑㓄ิ࡟ࡼࡿ࡟ࡼࡿ཯ᛂࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢ௙⤌ࡳ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࢖ࣥࣄࣅࢱ࣮ࡀゎ㞳ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢാࡁࡣᢚไࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࢖ࣥࣄࣅࢱ࣮ࡣධຊ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜
࡟ὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡓ␎ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪0RQWDJQH ࡽࡣ᣺ືᏊ ᅗ  ࢆసࡾ>@㸪3DGLUDF ࡽࡣ஧≧ែᅇ㊰࡜஧≧ែࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆసࡗࡓ>@㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⣔ࡢືసࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟ド᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ᥦ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ᅗ  0RQWDJQH ࡽࡢ࢜ࣜࢤ࣮ࢱ࡜ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ>@ࡼࡾᘬ⏝ࡑࢀࡽࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡜ࡋ࡚㸪3(1'1$ WRROER[ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶵ⬟ࡣᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡿ ᅗ  㸬ᶵ⬟࡟ᑐࡍࡿධຊࡣ⣔࡬┤᥋ὀධࡍࡿ࠿㸪௚ࡢศᏊࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛྜᡂࡍ
ࡿ㸬᭱⤊ⓗ࡟㸪ฟຊࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬⺯ගࢆィ ࡍࡿࡢࡀ㸪ฟຊࢆほᐹࡍࡿ୍⯡ⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬༢⣧䛺䝰䝕䝹㻌
'1$WRROER[ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㠀⥺ᙧ࡞ࡓࡵ㸪୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ⣔ࡢᣲືࢆṇ☜࡟ணࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᭱ప㝈ࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࢆࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᅗ  3(1'1$WRROER[ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶵ⬟࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍ ᅗ  㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫࡣ㸪࣑࢚࢝ࣜࢫ࣓ࣥࢸࣥࡢ཯ᛂ
㏿ᗘ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ༢⣧࡞ኚ᥮స⏝ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࢹ࢕ࢿ࢖ࢳ
࣮ࣕࣞࢩࣙࣥ ┦⿵࡞஧ᮏࡢ '1$ ࡢ⤖ྜ࡜ゎ㞳 ࡣ㓝⣲཯ᛂࡼࡾ༑ศ࡟᪩ࡃᖹ
⾮࡟࡞ࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢኚ᥮స⏝ࡣᅗ E ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲ࡏࡿ㸬⣔඲యࡢᩘᘧࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢢࣛࣇ⾲⌧࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢศᏊ✀ࡢ
ᘧࢆ㊊ࡋྜࢃࡏ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟࢚࢟ࢯࢾࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮ཯ᛂࢆ୍ḟ཯ᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚㏆ఝࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ ᅗ G 㸪⡆༢࡟❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬䠍䠊䠒㻌 㻼㻱㻺㻌㻰㻺㻭㻌㼠㼛㼛㼘㼎㼛㼤ᅗ  ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ࡟ࡼࡿ⾲⌧࡜ '1$WRROER[ ࡢᩘᘧ⦪⥺ࡣไ⣙ࢆ㸪>@ࡣ⃰ᗘࢆ㸪Ș࡜șࡣࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ⾲ࡍ㸬H[R ࡣ࢚࢟ࢯࢾࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮ
ࡢάᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ '1$ 3(1 WRROER[ ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣ 3DGLUDF ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭱ึ࡟ᥦ᱌ࡉ
ࢀࡓ>@㸬ᩘᘧࢆ༢⣧໬ࡋࡓࡓࡵ㸪኱ࡁ࡞⣔ࢆᴟࡵ࡚᪩ࡃࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ
ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛶ㉁ࡣ㸪ᩘ༓ࡶࡢಶูホ౯ࡀᚲせ࡞㸪」㞧࡞ '1$WRROER[ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㐍໬࡟ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚⯆࿡῝࠸ࣃ
ࢱ࣮ࣥࡀⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬᏶඲䛺䝰䝕䝹䠖㻰㻭㻯㻯㻭㻰㻌༢⣧࡞ࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢ≧ែࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᡓ␎ࡣ㸪኱ࡁ࡞ไ⣙࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ࡟ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࢚࢟ࢯࢾ
ࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮ࠿ࡽᏲࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃៖࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡲࡓᇶ㉁⃰ᗘࡀ୙ᐃ࡞ࡓࡵ㸪࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮࡸࢽࢵ࣮࢝ࢮࡢ㓝⣲ࡢ㣬࿴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶィ⟬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥఙ㛗ࢽࢵ࢟ࣥࢢࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᫬㛫㐜ࢀࡢ᝟ሗࡶ
ኻࢃࢀࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪3DGLUDF ࡽࡣ㸪ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢྛࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ࡬
ࡢ㙐ࡢ⤖ྜࢆ㏣࠼ࡿ㸪᏶඲࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ>@㸬ࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣ $XEHUW ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ᨵၿ࣭ᣑᙇࡉࢀࡓ㸬ྛࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡣ㸪ධຊ㸪ฟຊ 㸪୧᪉㸪᏶඲஧㔜㙐 ᅗ  ࡢ  ␒┠ࡢ཯ᛂࡢᚋ 㸪ᢚไ≧ែࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ ⿵ຓⓗ࡞ኚᩘ 㸪ࡢ  ࡘࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡉࢀࡿ㸬⮬⏤࡞≧ែࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⃰ᗘࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ᢞධࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ඲⃰ᗘ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ  ࡘࡢኚᩘࢆᘬ࠸࡚ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ෆࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᘧࢆグ㏙࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢࢸࣥࣉ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ࣮ࣞࢺ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿධຊ㸪ฟຊ㸪࢖ࣥࣄࣅࢱ࣮ࡢศᏊ✀ࡢኚືࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࣔࢹࣝ୰࡛⪃៖ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ཯ᛂ࡜ࡑࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀ⭾኱࡞ࡓࡵ㸪ᡭసᴗ࡛ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬$XEHUW ࡽࡣタィࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢྜ⌮໬ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪'$&&$' ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࢢࣛࣇ࢕࢝ࣝ࡞࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆ
ᥦ౪ࡋࡓ>@㸬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟࠶ࡾ㸪⮬⏤࡟౑࠼ࡿ㸬」㞧䛺䝅䝇䝔䝮䜈䛸㐍໬䛥䛫䜛䠖㻮㼕㼛㻺㼑㼍㼠㻌'$&&$' ࡟ࡼࡾࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ」ᩘࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࡢᣲືண

ࢆ▷᫬㛫࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡏࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪┠ᶆ࡜࡞ࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆタィࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪タィᴫᛕࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓே㛫ࡢタィ⪅ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ」㞧࡞ᣲືࡸ㸪ᇶᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡜ࡋ
࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ᣲືࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜ㸪㏫ၥ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡢᣲືࢆணࡍࡿ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࡢ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓᣲືࢆ

♧ࡍࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㑇ఏⓗ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞㏫ၥᅗ  㐍໬ࡍࡿࣟࣂࢫࢺ࡞᣺ືᏊ

䠍䠊䠒㻌 㻼㻱㻺㻌㻰㻺㻭㻌㼠㼛㼛㼘㼎㼛㼤㢟ࢆゎࡃࡓࡵࡢᶆ‽ⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬+X\ ࡽࡣ ELR1($7 ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ 3(1'1$
WRROER[ ࡢタィࢆ᥈⣴࣭᭱㐺໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟≉໬ࡋࡓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ
>@㸬࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍ㸬༢⣧࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㞟ྜ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡾ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣẁࠎ࡜࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚」㞧໬ࡋ㸪┠ᶆࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡟㏆࠸ࡶࡢࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿ㸬஦๓࡟Ỵࡲࡗࡓᅇᩘ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡜ࡢㄗᕪࡀ୍ᐃ௨ୗ࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛㸪᭱㐺໬ࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿ ᅗ  㸬㻌䜴䜵䝑䝖䝷䝪䛷䛾ᐇ⿦㻌ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆṇ☜࡟ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡁࡿ࡜㸪ḟࡣᐇ㝿ࡢ '1$ 㓄ิࢆタィࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢసᴗࡢヲࡋ࠸ㄝ᫂ࡣ %DFFRXFKH ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚グ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
>@㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ㄽᩥ୰࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᚲせ࡞ᇶᮏ஦㡯ࡸᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࢩ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉ ࡽ࡟ %DFFRXFKH ࡽࡣ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺࢆ౑ࡗࡓࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ⥙⨶᪉ἲࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ᩘ୓ࡢࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺࢆస〇ࡋ㸪 ✀㢮ࢆୖ㝈࡜ࡍࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡿ್ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢻ
ࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺࡣ㐟㞳ࡢ⺯ගࢆྵࡳ㸪ึᮇࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ್ࢆ᚟ඖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࢆ౑࠸㸪3DGLUDF ࡽࡢ஧≧ែᅇ㊰࡜ 5RQGHOH] ࡜ )XMLL ࡢᤕ㣗⪅࣭⿕㣗⪅ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ஧ࡘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀືసࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ್ࡢチᐜ⠊ᅖࢆྠᐃࡋࡓ㸬཯ᛂᣑᩓ⣔㻌
ᆒ୍࡟ΰࡊࡾྜࡗࡓ⎔ቃ࡛ࡶ୍ᐃࡢィ⟬⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡜ྠ➼ࡢィ⟬⣲Ꮚ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㓝⣲ࡢ౑⏝ࡀ➇ྜⓗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡣ㸪ไ⣙࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬␗࡞ࡿሙᡤ࡛␗࡞ࡿィ⟬ࡀ୪ิ࡛ാࡃࡼ࠺࡞୙ᆒ୍࡞⎔ቃ࡟ኚ᭦ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ไ⣙ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪✵㛫ⓗ࡟୙ᆒ୍࡞ሙྜ㸪3(1'1$WRROER[ ࡣࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᙧᡂࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ≉ᐃࡢ✵㛫ⓗ࡞໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡣ㸪ࢩ࣐࣐࢘ࡢẟࡢ⦤ᶍᵝࡸ㸪့ங㢮ࡢᣦ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᙧែᙧᡂࡢ㥑ືཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬཯ᛂᣑᩓ⣔ࢆྜᡂⓗ࡟స〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪᪂つ⣲ᮦࡢ๰Ⓨ࠿ࡽேᕤ⮚ჾࡢⓎ㐩ࡲ࡛㸪ᖜᗈ࠸ᛂ⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬࣭཯ᛂᣑᩓࡢࣔࢹࣝ
✵㛫ⓗ࡟୙ᆒ୍࡞໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡣ㸪ศᏊࡢᣑᩓࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪཯ᛂᣑᩓ⣔࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᖖᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ 2UGLQDU\➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ'LIIHUHQWLDO(TXDWLRQ㸪2'( ࡜␎ࡍ ࢆᣑᙇࡋ࡚㸪⎔ቃ୰ࢆศᏊࡀᣑᩓࡍࡿ
㡯ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศᏊ✀ V ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࠶ࡿᗙᶆ [\ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑟ㛵ᩘࡣ

݀ሾ‫ݏ‬ሿൌ ܴሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ܦ‬௦ ‫ ߘ כ‬ଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ݀‫ݐ‬࡜࡞ࡾ㸪5 V ࡣ V ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ཯ᛂ㡯 ᆒ୍✵㛫࡛ࡢ㸪༢⣧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᏶඲ࣔࢹࣝࡢᘧ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪'V ࡣ V ࡢᣑᩓಀᩘ㸪ѭ V ࡣ V ࡢ [\ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⃰ᗘ໙㓄ࣛࣉࣛࢩ࢔ࣥ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉⛬ᘧࡣ೫ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ 3DUWLDO'LIIHUHQWLDO(TXDWLRQ㸪3'(࡜␎ࡍ ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬2'( ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪≉ู⡆༢࡞ሙྜࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪3'( ࢆゎᯒⓗ࡟ゎࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬௦ࢃࡾ࡟㸪ᩘ್ィ⟬࡟㢗ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᡭࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ↓ᩱ࡛ᡭ࡟ධࡿ ౛࠼ࡤ 5HD'\>@ ࡇ࡜࡟ὀព
ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸬
୍࣭ḟඖ᭱ࡶ༢⣧࡞཯ᛂᣑᩓ⣔ 5' ࡣ㸪཯ᛂሙࡢ୍ࡘࡢḟඖࡀ௚ࡢ஧ࡘࡢḟඖࡼࡾ༑ศ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⌧ᐇ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ୍ḟඖ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍ
ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰ᢏ⾡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞཯ᛂሙࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿ㸬=DGRULQ ࡣ⎔ቃ୰࡛ࡢ 3(1 '1$ WRROER[ ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬⮬ᕫゐ፹ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓ㛗࠸཯ᛂሙࢆ᭱ึ࡟‽ഛࡋ㸪㛤ጞࢩࢢࢼࣝ
㙐ࢆ୍᪉ࡢ➃࡟ὀධࡋࡓ㸬ゐ፹ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ఏ㐩ࡍࡿ㏿ᗘࡣ༢⣧࡞ᣑᩓࡼࡾࡶ㏿࠿ࡗࡓ㸬=DGRULQ ࡽࡣ㐍⾜Ἴࡢ㏿ᗘࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ணࡉࢀࡿἼ>@࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㏫᪉ྥ࡟ఏ᧛ࡍࡿ஧ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿἼࡣ㸪࠾஫࠸࡟ᖸ΅ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬஧ࡘࡢἼࡀ⾪✺ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ྠ᫬࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ㓝⣲ࡢ㣬࿴≧ែࡀ㐍⾜Ἴࡢ㏿ᗘࢆⱝᖸపୗࡉࡏࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢᚋᡭἲࢆᣑᙇࡋ㸪㐃⥆ⓗ࡞୕ࡘࡢ㡿ᇦࢆᣢࡘᶆ‽ⓗ࡞཯ᛂᣑᩓࣃࢱ࣮
ࣥࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓ>@㸬ᙼࡽࡣ⮬ᕫゐ፹཯ᛂࡢቃ⏺࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ㸪⎔ቃ୰࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞
໙㓄ࢆసࡿࠕࣔࣝࣇ࢛ࢤࣥࠖࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ࣔࣝࣇ࢛ࢤࣥࡀ᭱ึࡢ㜈್ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓሙྜ㸪ᕥഃࡢ⮬ᕫゐ፹཯ᛂࡣ೵Ṇࡍࡿ㸬㏫࡟ࣔࣝࣇ࢛ࢤࣥࡀḟࡢ㜈್ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓሙྜ㸪ྑഃࡢ⮬ᕫゐ፹཯ᛂࡀ೵Ṇࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ஧ࡘࡢ㜈್ࢆ␗࡞ࡿ್࡟タᐃࡋ㸪ᕥഃࡀ࢜ࣥ࠿࢜ࣇ࠿㸽ᕥഃࡶྑഃࡀ࢜ࣥ࠿㸽୧᪉ࡀ࢜ࣥ࠿㸽ྑഃࡀ࢜ࣥ࠿㸽㸪࡞࡝ࢆุᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛␗࡞ࡿ㡿ᇦࢆసࡗࡓ ᅗ  㸬䠍䠊䠒㻌 㻼㻱㻺㻌㻰㻺㻭㻌㼠㼛㼛㼘㼎㼛㼤





ᅗ  ࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜ᪝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ
୍␒ୖࡣ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸬஧ẁ┠ࡣࣔࣝࣇ࢛ࢤࣥࡢ⃰ᗘ໙㓄㸪 ẁ┠ࡣᏳᐃ㡿ᇦࡢ࢝࢖ࣔࢢࣛ
ࣇ㸪୍␒ୗࡣ⮬ᕫゐ፹཯ᛂࡢ⺯ගࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㸬>@ࡼࡾᘬ⏝࣭஧ḟඖ
3DGLUDF ࡽࡣ㸪᣺ືᏊࢆ⎔ቃ୰࡟⨨ࡁ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ࡞⤖ᯝ࡜ఝࡓ㐍⾜Ἴࡸࡽࡏࢇ≧ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆほᐹࡋࡓ>@㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ %= ཯ᛂ࡞࡝ࡢ௚ࡢ໬Ꮫ᣺
ືᏊ࡛ࡶᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ࡔࡀ㸪3(''1$WRROER[ ࡣࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᛶࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡼࡾᰂ
㌾࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
࣭ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ
*LQHV ࡽࡣ 3(1'1$WRROER[ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࢆ཯ᛂᣑᩓࡢሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᒁᅾ໬ࡉࡏࡿᡓ␎ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ>@㸬ᙼࡽࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢭࣇ࢓࣮ࣟࢫࣅ࣮ࢬ ࢔࣮࢞ࣟࢫࣅ࣮ࢬ࡟ࢫࢺࣞࣉࢺ࢔ࣅࢪࣥࡀᯫᶫࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣅ
࢜ࢳࣥ࡜໬Ꮫ⤖ྜࡋࡓࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࢆᤕ⋓ࡍࡿ㸬኱ࡁࡃ㟼ⓗ࡞ࣅ࣮ࢬ ⣙ 
wP ࢆ౑ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⎔ቃ୰ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆᤕ⋓࣭ᨺฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ࢔ࢻ࣍ࢵࢡ࡞㏻ಙࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢࡼ࠺࡟᣺ࡿ⯙࠺㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆసࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪⛣ື࡜࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺஧ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀḞࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⛣ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࣅ࣮ࢬࢆࣈࣛ࢘ࣥ㐠ືࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ⣙ wP ࡟ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢩࣙࣥࡣ 3(1 '1$WRROER[ ࢆᣑᙇࡋ࡚㸪஧ࡘࡢࣅ࣮ࢬࢆ㐃⤖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ≉ู࡞㙐 ࢔࣮ࣥ࢝ ࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ>@ ᅗ  㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽᅗ  3(1WRROER[ ࡀࣅ࣮ࢬ࡟ᒁᅾ໬ࡋ㸪ࣅ࣮ࢬ࡝࠺ࡋࡀ㐃⤖ࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳ>@ࡼࡾᘬ⏝䜎䛸䜑㻌
3(1'1$WRROER[ ࡣ࢔ࢼࣟࢢィ⟬ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⏝㏵ࡢᗈ࠸ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛㸪LQ YLWUR ࡛ືࡃᕧ኱࡛」㞧࡞཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡢᨭ᥼࡟ࡼࡾタィࡢṇࡋࡉࢆᢸಖ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇᩘᖺ࡛㸪3(1'1$WRROER[ ࡣ༢⣧࡞ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡸ཯ᛂᣑᩓ⣔ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
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࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ㸪」ᩘࡢ≀㉁ࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡜ࡑࢀࡽࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ไᚚჾࡀᵓ
ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ྛ≀㉁ࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡀṇ☜࡟ࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ
ࡼ࠸ࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪ᡤᮃࡢไᚚჾࢆసࡿࡢࡣᐜ࡛᫆࡞࠸㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ไᚚჾࢆ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕᮍ▱ࡢ㒊ရࢆ
⏝࠸࡚㸪࠸࠿࡟☜࠿࡞ไᚚჾ㸦ࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ㸧ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ࠿ࠖࡀ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀᐇ㝿࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿㸽౛࡛⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺㸬ᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸱ࡘࡢ≀㉁࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬㏻ᖖࡢ▮༳ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ≀㉁ࡀ
௚ࡢ≀㉁ࡢ⏕ᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜⾲ࡋ㸪㹒Ꮠࡢ▮༳ࡣ㸪⏕ᡂࡢᢚไࢆ♧ࡍ㸬≀㉁ ݅ ࡢᏑᅾࢆኚᩘ‫ݔ‬௜ ࡛グࡋ㸪᫬้‫≀࡛ݐ‬㉁݅ ࡀᏑᅾࡍࢀࡤ‫ݔ‬௜ ሺሻ ൌ ͳ㸪Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ‫ݔ‬௜ ሺሻ ൌ Ͳ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ㸯ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒඲యࡢ

ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡲࡎࡣ㸪௨ୗࢆ⪃࠼
ࡿ㸬




തതതଶ ሺሻ ‫ݔ ר‬ଷ ሺሻ  ‫ݔ‬ଵ ሺ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬‫ݔ‬ଶ ሺ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ଵ ሺሻ     ‫ݔ‬ଷ ሺ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ଵ ሺሻ䠍䠊䠓㻌 ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛾タィതതതଶ ሺሻࡣ‫ݔ‬ଶ ሺሻ ࡢྰᐃ࡛࠶
ࡇࡇ࡛㸪 ࡣ㞳ᩓ᫬้㸪‫ࡣר‬ㄽ⌮✚࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪‫ݔ‬ࡾ㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁  ࡀ໬Ꮫ≀㉁  ࡢ⏕ᡂࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬‫ݔ‬௜ ሺሻ ሺ݅ ൌ ͳǡʹǡ͵ሻࡣ㸪 ࡶࡋࡃࡣ  ࢆ࡜ࡿࣈ࣮ࣝኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪୍⯡࡟ࣈ࣮ࣜ࢔ࣥࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ㸬࠸ࡲ㸪ࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᖹ⾮Ⅼࡢᩘࢆㄪ࡭࡚ࡳࡼ࠺㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ึᮇ≧ែࡀ൫‫ݔ‬ଵ ሺͲሻǡ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ሺͲሻǡ ‫ݔ‬ଷ ሺͲሻ൯ ൌ ሺͲǡͲǡͲሻࡢሙྜ㸪≧ែࡣ㸪㸯᫬้㐍ࡴࡈ࡜࡟㸪ሺͲǡͲǡͲሻЍሺͳǡͲǡͲሻЍሺͳǡͳǡͳሻЍሺͳǡͳǡͳሻЍ࣭࣭࣭࡜㑄⛣ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ሺͳǡͳǡͳሻࡀᖹ⾮Ⅼࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ྠᵝ࡟ࡋ࡚㸪࠾ࡢ࠾ࡢࡢึᮇ≧ែ ʹଷ ✀㢮࠶ࡿ ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿᖹ⾮Ⅼࢆㄪ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪࡝ࡢึᮇ≧ែ࠿ࡽࡶ㸪≧ែሺͳǡͳǡͳሻ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᅗ㸯ࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡀୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙྜ㸪ᖹ⾮Ⅼࡣ၏୍Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡘࡂ࡟㸪ᅗ㸯ࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀ㸪௚ࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ࡜࡞
ࡿሙྜࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪≀㉁㸯㸦‫ݔ‬ଵ 㸧ࡢᘧ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ㄽ⌮✚ࢆㄽ⌮࿴࡟ධࢀ᥮࠼ࡿ㸬ᐇࡣ㸪ࡇࡢሙྜࡶ㸪ྠᵝࡢィ⟬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᖹ⾮Ⅼࡣ၏୍Ꮡᅾࡍ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᅗ㸯ࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣ㸪ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ
ࡀ㸪ㄽ⌮✚࡛ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶ㸪ㄽ⌮࿴࡛ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶᖹ⾮Ⅼࡢᩘࡣኚ໬ࡏࡎ㸪ᅗ㸯ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ㐀⮬య࡟㸪ࠕᖹ⾮Ⅼࡣ၏୍Ꮡᅾࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࡀᇙࡵ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ྛ≀㉁ࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡀᮍ▱࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡶ㸪࠶ࡿ㐺ษ࡞௬ᐃࡢࡶ࡜࡛㸪ᅗ㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᵓᡂࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᖹ⾮Ⅼࡀ၏୍࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᐇࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ  ࡘࡢ⎔≧ᵓ㐀ࡀ୍ࡘࡢ㡬Ⅼࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢿࢵࢺ࣡
࣮ࢡᵓ㐀ࡢሙྜ㸪㸦㸯㸧୍᪉ࡢ⎔≧ᵓ㐀ࡢ㛗ࡉࡀ㸪ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢ⎔≧ᵓ㐀ࡢ㛗ࡉࡢᩚᩘಸ㸪㸦㸰㸧㹒Ꮠࡢ▮༳ࡢᩘࡀ㸪㛗ࡉࡢ኱ࡁ࠸⎔≧ᵓ㐀࡟ወᩘಶྵࡲࢀ㸪ࡶ࠺୍᪉࡟
ࡣഅᩘಶྵࡲࢀࡿ
࡜࠸࠺᮲௳ࢆྠ᫬࡟‶ࡓࡍ࡜ࡁ㸪ㄽ⌮✚࡜ㄽ⌮࿴ࡢ஺᥮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᖖ࡟ᖹ⾮Ⅼࡀ၏୍࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡏࡿ>@㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ྛ㒊ရࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡀᮍ▱ࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪࠶ࡿ࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᵓᡂࡍࢀࡤ㸪඲యࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡ
ࢫ࡟࠶ࡿᛶ㉁ࢆᇙࡵ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡀෑ㢌࡟♧ࡋࡓㄢ㢟࡬ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ
⟅࠼࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᩘ⌮⏕≀ᏛࡸไᚚᕤᏛࡢศ㔝࡛ྂࡃ࠿ࡽ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚
࠾ࡾ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⤖ᯝࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟≉໬ࡋࡓᡂᯝ
ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸㸬௒ᚋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ≉ᚩࢆࡼࡾⓗ☜࡟ᤊ࠼ࡓ໬Ꮫ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢタィㄽࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬
[1] S. Azuma, T. Yoshida, and T. Sugie, Structural Monostability of ActivationInhibition Boolean Networks, IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, Vol.
4, No. 2, pp. 179-190 (2017)

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࠿ࡽ๰Ⓨࡉࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࢆᢅ࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪*38 ࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧࡢᬑཬ㸪࣓ࣔࣜࡢ኱ᐜ㔞໬㸪ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᛶ⬟ࡢ㧗㏿໬࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 ୓ཎᏊࢆ㉸࠼ࡿศᏊື
ຊᏛࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ>@㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ศᏊືຊᏛ࡛
ᢅ࠼ࡿ᫬㛫ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡣ⌧≧࡛ࡣࢼࣀ⛊࠿ࡽ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ⛊⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ཎᏊᩘࢆῶ
ࡽࡋࡓሙྜ࡛ࡶ㧗ࠎ࣑ࣜ⛊ࡀ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢືⓗ᣺ࡿ䠍䠊䠔㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾䛯䜑䛾ᐇ᫬㛫ศᏊ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁㻌⯙࠸ࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ከᩘࡢศᏊࢆࠕ⢏Ꮚࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⢒ど໬ࡋ࡚㸪ከᩘࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ㛗᫬㛫ほࡍࡿィ⟬ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ
࡛ࣥࡣ㸪⏕యศᏊࢆ⢏Ꮚࡢ㞟ྜయ࡜ࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡋ㸪⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡢືⓗ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆ๰Ⓨࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚ྍど໬ࡍࡿ㸬ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ᚤᑠ⟶⁥㉮㐠ືࢆ㢟ᮦ࡟ᚤᑠ⟶⢏Ꮚࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ㸪㞟ᅋ㐠ືࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᙧᡂ㸪ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬ᢏ⾡࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ᐇ᫬㛫㧗ᛶ⬟ィ⟬ᢏ⾡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬ᚤᑠ⟶⁥㉮㐠ືࡣᇶ┙ୖ࡟ᩓᕸࡉࢀࡓศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㥑ືࡉࢀࡿᚤᑠ⟶ࡢືసࢆ⺯ග㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ほᐹࡍࡿᐇ㦂࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱࡣ $73 ࢆ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮※࡜ࡋ࡚ᚤᑠ⟶ୖࢆ⁥㉮㸦Ṍ⾜㸧ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱࡢ᰿ᮏࡀᇶ┙࡟ᅛᐃࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࠶ࡿ⠊ᅖࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜㏫࡟ᚤᑠ⟶ࢆᘬࡁᡠࡍ㸬ࡇࡢຊࢆືຊ※࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㏫࡟㸪ᚤᑠ⟶ࡀศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱୖࢆ⁥㉮ࡍࡿ㸬ᚤᑠ⟶ࡢ⾲㠃ࡣ㈇㟁Ⲵ࡛そࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྛᚤᑠ⟶ࡣ⊂❧࡟㐠ືࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᚤᑠ⟶ࡢᐦᗘࡀቑࡍ࡜᮲௳࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᕳࡁࡸ┤⥺ⓗ࡞㞟ᅋ㐠ືࢆ๰Ⓨࡍࡿ㸬ᚤᑠ⟶⢏Ꮚ䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾㻌 ᚤᑠ⟶ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ከᩘࡢཎᏊ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ㧗ศᏊ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ┠ⓗ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ㐺ษ࡞つᶍ࡛ࡢ⢒ど໬ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬୍⯡࡟㸪ᚤᑠ⟶⁥㉮㐠ື࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿᚤᑠ⟶ࡣ┤ᚄ⣙ QP㸪㛗ࡉࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ ȣP ࡢ୰✵ࡢ෇⟄≧⧄⥔࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᚤᑠ⟶ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣜࣥ㸰㔞యࡣศᏊ㔞⣙㸯㸯୓࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ⣙ QP[QP ࡢᅇ㌿ᴃ෇య࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣜࣥ㸰㔞యࡀ⧄⥔≧࡟㐃࡞ࡗࡓ  ᮏࡢࣉࣟࢺࣇ࢕࣓ࣛࣥࢺࡀ⟄≧࡟㞟ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚤᑠ⟶ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ȣP ࡢᚤᑠ⟶࡟ࡣ⣙ ಶࡢࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣜࣥ  㔞యࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ศᏊ㔞ࡢ⥲࿴ࡣ⣙  ൨࡟ཬࡪ㸬 ᚤᑠ⟶ࡢ┦஫స⏝࠿ࡽ㐠ືࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ๰Ⓨࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪᭱ప࡛ࡶ  ᮏ௨ୖࡢᚤᑠ⟶ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᚤᑠ⟶⁥㉮㐠ືࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣከᩘࡢᚤᑠ
⟶ࢆィ⟬ᶵୖ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪୍ᮏࡢᚤᑠ⟶ࢆ⣙  ಶࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢิ࡜ࡋ࡚
⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍ࡘࡢ⢏Ꮚࡣ⣙ QP ࡢᚤᑠ⟶࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ᚤᑠ⟶࡟ࡣศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࠿ࡽࡢ᥎㐍ຊ࡜ᚤᑠ⟶ྠኈࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪஌ࡾ㉺࠼ RYHUULGLQJ ࡸ୪㐍㸦VQXJJOLQJ㸧ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞┦஫స⏝ࢆ⤫୍ⓗ࡟ᢅ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟㸪⢏Ꮚ㛫࡟ /HQQDUG-RQHV ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸬⢏Ꮚࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ⢏Ꮚ㛫࡟ാࡃ /HQQDUG-RQHV ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࡢࣃ࣓ࣛ
ࢱࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᚤᑠ⟶ྠኈ࡟ാࡃᵝࠎ࡞┦஫స⏝ࢆ⮬↛࡟๰Ⓨࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ㸯 ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᚤᑠ⟶⾲⌧࡜⢏Ꮚ㛫┦஫స⏝ࡢᶍᘧᅗ
㞟ᅋ㐠ື䝟䝍䞊䞁ᙧᡂ㻌 㫽ࡸ㨶ࡢ኱⩌ࡀಶయ㛫ࡢ㏆᥋┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㞟ᅋ㐠ືࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ
ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㞟ᅋ㐠ື࡛ࡣ඲యࢆไᚚࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣ≉࡟࡞ࡃ㸪㞟ᅋࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿྛಶయࡀ㸪ᒁᡤⓗ࡞ไᚚ࣮ࣝࣝ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪㏆ഐࡢಶయ࡜ࡢ㊥㞳ࢆ୍ᐃ࡟ಖ࡜࠺࡜ດຊࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ไᚚ࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪඲యࡢ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⊂≉࡞ᅇ㐟㐠ືࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㞟ᅋ㐠ືࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿᩘ⌮ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ୗグࡢᘧ࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿ 9LFVHN ࣔࢹࣝࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬[L W  [[L W YYL W ǼWࡇࡇ࡛㸪[L W ࡜ YL W ࡣ᫬้㹲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㞟ᅋෆ࡛ࡢಶయ [L ࡢ఩⨨࡜㏿ᗘࢆ㸪ǼW ࡣࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬YL W ࡣ㸪㞟ᅋ඲యࡢ㏿ᗘ Y ࡜
ȟ W ࢆࣃ࣓ࣛࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣢࡘ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪ྛಶయࡢ᫬้᪉ྥ㌿᥮ࡢࡓࡵࡢゅᗘȟȟ W ࡣ༙ᚄ㹰௨ෆ࡟࠶ࡿ௚ࡢಶయࡢ᫬้㹲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪉
W ࡢ᪉ྥ㌿᥮ゅᗘȟȟ W !U ࡟>Ȟ ȞQ@ࢆ⠊ᅖ࡜ࡍࡿ୍ᵝศᕸ࠿ࡽᢳྥ㌿᥮ゅᗘࡢᖹᆒ್ȟǼȟࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸬ฟࡋࡓࣀ࢖ࢬ㡯Ǽ
 9LFVHN ࣔࢹࣝࡣ⡆₩࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㞟ᅋ㐠ືࡀᣢࡘ」㞧࡞ືࡁࢆ෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜
࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪ᐇ᫬㛫⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪9LFVHN ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᚤᑠ⟶ࡢ㐍⾜᪉ྥࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࣃ࣓ࣛࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚㏆ഐ༙ᚄ࡜᪉ྥ㌿᥮
ゅᗘ⠊ᅖࢆᑟධࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ᚤᑠ⟶ࡢ㛗ࡉ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞

ᕳࡁᶍᵝࢆ෌⌧䠍䠊䠔㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾䛯䜑䛾ᐇ᫬㛫ศᏊ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁㻌࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧㸬ᅗ㸰 ᚤᑠ⟶⁥㉮㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ᕳࡁᶍᵝࡢ෌⌧ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬ᢏ⾡㻌ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬ࡣࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ྍど໬ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆྠ᫬୪⾜ⓗ࡟㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪*38 ᛶ⬟ࡢ㣕㌍ⓗྥୖ࡟ࡼࡾ⏬ീࡢᥥ⏬ᛶ⬟ࡀ㣕㌍ⓗ࡟ྥୖࡋ㸪ᐇ᫬㛫࡛ྍど໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᥥ⏬ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞࣞࢺࢆ࣮࢟ࣉࡋ࡞
ࡀࡽࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ⿦ୖࡢไ⣙ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࡀ㸪࢜ࣇࣛ࢖ࣥᘧࡢྍど໬࡟ࡣ࡞࠸≉ᚩࢆᣢࡘ㸬
㏻ᖖࡢ㸦࢜ࣇࣛ࢖ࣥ㸧ྍど໬࡛ࡣᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆࣂࢵࢳ࡛ฎ⌮ࡋ㸪᭱ᚋࡲ࡛ᐇ⾜ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ྍど໬࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬࡛ࡣࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡞ࡀࡽྍど໬ࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪㏵୰࡛୙⮬↛࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙྜࡣࡑࡇ࡛ࢩ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ୰᩿ࡋ㸪ࣔࢹࣝࡢಟṇ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟୙せ࡞ィ⟬ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ⢏Ꮚࡢ㞟ࡲࡾලྜ࡟ࡼࡾᒁᡤⓗ࡟≉␗ⓗ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬࡛ࡣ㸪඲యࢆࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ≉ᐃⓗ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ㝿࡟㸪≉ᐃ㡿ᇦࢆࢬ࣮࣒࢔ࢵࣉࡋ㸪᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡢᵝᏊࢆヲࡋࡃほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࣔࢹࣝࡢタィэᐇ⾜э᳨ドࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ
ࡢຠ⋡໬ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ⾜᫬࡟ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣃ࣓ࣛࢱࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ」㞧࡞㞟ᅋ㐠ືࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࢆ๰Ⓨࡍࡿ᮲௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᐜ᫆࡟ぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ㸱 ᚤᑠ⟶㞟ᅋࡀ๰Ⓨࡍࡿ ᕳࡁᶍᵝ≧ࡢ㐠ືࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ
㻌ᐇ᫬㛫㧗ᛶ⬟ィ⟬ᢏ⾡ ᐇ᫬㛫㧗ᛶ⬟ィ⟬ᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ᐇ᫬㛫ฎ⌮࡜㧗ᛶ⬟ィ⟬࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࢆෆໟࡋࡓ㧗ᛶ⬟ィ⟬ᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㧗ᛶ⬟ィ⟬ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢィ⟬᫬㛫ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ᩘ್ฎ⌮ィ⟬࡟ᾘ㈝ࡋ㸪ࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧ㛫㏻ಙࡢ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࣊ࢵࢻࢆᑡ࡞ࡃࡍࡿ࠿࡟≉໬ࡋࡓ㧗ᛶ⬟ィ⟬ᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ᐇ᫬㛫ฎ⌮ࡣ஦๓࡟ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓ᫬㛫ෆ࡟ᚲせ࡞ィ⟬ࡀ඲࡚⤊஢ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ィ⟬ࢆศ๭ࡋ㸪ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟≉໬ࡋࡓィ⟬ᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡀࡳ࡚࠸࡚㐪࿴ឤࡀ࡞࠸ື⏬ࢆᐇ᫬㛫࡛ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞㸱㸮ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ⛊㸦ᖹ㠃ࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࡢሙྜ㸧ࡢᥥ⏬㏿ᗘࡀಖࡗࡓࡲࡲ㸪᭱኱㝈ࡢ⢏Ꮚᩘࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡍ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ィ⟬ᢏ⾡ࡀせồࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ㏆ᖺ㸪ࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸦*38㸧ࡢ኱ᖜ࡞ᛶ⬟ྥୖ࡟ࡼࡾ㸱ḟඖ࢜ࣈࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᐇ᫬㛫࡛ࡢᥥ⏬ࡀᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬㸱㸮ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ⛊ࡢᥥ⏬㏿ᗘ࡛ࡶ 'LUHFW; ࡢ GUDZ 㛵ᩘࡢ LQVWDQFLQJ IHDWXUH ࢆ⏝࠸ࢀࡤⓒ୓ಶ௨ୖࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢᐇ᫬㛫ᥥ⏬ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 *38 ࡣ 7,7$1 ; ࡸ 3 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᭱᪂ࡢ *38 ࡢࢥ࢔ᩘࡣ  ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪༢⢭ᗘ୙ືⅬᑡᩘ₇⟬ᛶ⬟ࡣ 7)/236 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㸬⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ
⢏Ꮚᩘࡀⓒ୓ಶ௨ୖ࡜ከࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡶᒁᡤⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪*38䠍䠊䠔㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾䛯䜑䛾ᐇ᫬㛫ศᏊ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁㻌ࡀᣢࡘ୪ิฎ⌮ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ
࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣛࢵࣉ㡿ᇦࢆᣢࡘ✵㛫ศ๭ἲ㸪㧗ᛶ⬟ *38 ࢱࢫࢡࢫࢣ
ࢪ࣮ࣗࣛ࡞࡝ࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࣓ࣔࣜඹ᭷ᆺ࢔࣮࢟ࢸࢡࢳ࡛ࣕ࠶ࢀࡤ㸯㸮*38 ࡲ࡛ࡢࢫࢣ࣮ࣛࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸲㸧㸬ᅗ㸲 ᐇ᫬㛫⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ *38 ࢫࢣ࣮ࣛࣅࣜࢸ࢕䜎䛸䜑㻌 ᐇ᫬㛫ྍど໬⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᐇ㦂࡛ほ ࡉࢀࡿᚤᑠ⟶⁥㉮㐠ືࢆ࡯ࡰᛅᐇ࡟෌⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ࡢ᭱኱ࡢ฼Ⅼࡣ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ከᩘࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢ㞟ᅋ㐠ືࡀ๰Ⓨࡍࡿ」㞧࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆ෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢏ⾡ࡣ௚ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㐠ື࡟ࡶ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ศᏊࣔࢹࣝࢆᢅ࠼ࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡟㸪⢏Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᏊࡢᵓ㐀ࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ㸪௬᝿⌧ᐇ㸱ḟඖྍど໬㸪᧯స⪅࡟ࡼࡿ௬᝿ศᏊࣔࢹࣝࡢᐇ᫬㛫᧯సࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ 95 ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ
࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨ୰࡛࠶ࡿ㸬[1] Jaki Jannat Keya, et al., DNA-assisted swarm control in a biomolecular motor
system, Nature Communications, 9, 453 (2018).
[2] Yusuke Sato, et al., Micrometer-sized molecular robot changes its shape in response
to signal molecules, Science Robotics, 2, eaal3735 (2017).
[3] Hiroshi Inaba, et al., Light-induced propulsion of a giant liposome driven by peptide
nanofiber growth, Science Report, 8, 6243 (2018).
[4] Shunske Tanaka, Kingo Takiguchi, Masahiro Hayashi,

Repetitive stretching of➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ

giant liposomes utilizing the nematic alignment of confined actin, Communications
Physics, 1, 18 (2018).
[5] Tamas Vicsek, et al., Novel Type of Phase Transition in a System of Self-driven
Particles, Physical Review of Letters, 75, 1226 (1995).
[6] Ryuzo Azuma, et al., All-atom molecular dynamics of film supported flat-shaped
DNA origami in water, CBI Journal (submitting).
[7] Greg Gutmann, et al., Parallel Interaction Detection Algorithms for a Particle-based
Live Controlled Real-time Microtubule Gliding Simulation System Accelerated by
GPGPU, NGC, 35,2, pp.157-180 (2017).
㸦ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᑠ㛗㇂᫂ᙪ㸪*UHJ*XWPDQQ㸧䠍䠊䠕㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛸ศᩓ䝅䝇䝔䝮ㄽ㻌 ศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡣ┦஫స⏝ࢆ⾜࠺ィ⟬୺య⩌ࡀ༠ㄪⓗ࡟๰ฟࡍࡿ⣔ࡢ⥲⛠࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᒁᡤⓗ࡞ィ⟬࡜┦஫స⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ኱ᇦⓗ࡞᣺⯙࠸ࡣ㸪ィ⟬ᶵࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸪ே㛫♫఍㸪⮬↛⏺࡞࡝㸪ᡃࠎࡢ㌟ࡢᅇࡾ࡟ࡶⓎぢ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣศᩓ༠ㄪࡢྍ⬟ᛶ㸪୙ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ௬ᐃ㸦ࣔࢹࣝ㸧ࡸ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ᣺⯙࠸㸦ၥ㢟㸧ࢆᐃᘧ໬ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌࡿ㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡸࡑࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡜࡞ࡿᵝࠎ࡞⣔ࢆศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ぢࡓ᫬࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᕧ኱ᛶ㸪༏ྡᛶ㸪୍ᵝᛶ㸪㠀ྠᮇᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬╔┠ࡍࡿ⣔࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ศᏊ㸪'1$ 㙐㸪⣽⬊࡞࡝ࡀィ⟬୺య࡟ᑐᛂࡋ㸪ྛィ⟬୺యࡣࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ඲ᐜࢆ▱ࡽࡎ㸪㆑ู୙⬟㸦༏ྡ㸧୍࡛ᵝ࡟᣺⯙࠺㸬ィ⟬୺య㛫ࡢᒁᡤⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝ࡀ㠀ྠᮇⓗ࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ≧ែࡀ㑄⛣ࡋ㸪኱ᇦⓗ࡞᣺⯙࠸ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞༏ྡศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣ㸪ィ⟬୺య⩌ࡀᙧᡂࡍࡿ
ᙧ≧ࡀࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࡀ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒◊✲ࡢ❧ሙ࡟ᡠࢀࡤ㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿィ⟬୺యࡀࢩࢫࢸ
࣒୰࡟ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪ಶࠎࡢィ⟬୺యࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
⬟ຊࢆᣢ࡚ࡤ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆ⋓ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣔࣂ࢖ࣝࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ⩌࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡢ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ྛࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ༏ྡ࡞Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ඹ㏻ࡢ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ືసࡍࡿ㸬ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ௚ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ఩⨨ࢆほ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟⛣ືඛࢆィ⟬ࡋ㸪⛣ືࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢほࡋ㸪ほィ⟬⛣ືࢆࢧ࢖

䠍䠊䠕㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛸ศᩓ䝅䝇䝔䝮ㄽࢡࣝ࡜࿧ࡧ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡈ࡜࡟࣓ࣔࣜࡀࣜࢭࢵࢺࡉࢀࡿࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ↓グ᠈࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸬ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡝࠺ࡋࡣ᫂♧ⓗ࡞㏻ಙᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪⛣ື࡜ほ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚┦஫స⏝ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ⩌ࡢ㓄⨨ࡀࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ≧ែࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ⩌࡟ᣦᐃࡋࡓᙧ≧㸦Ⅼ㸪⥺㸪෇㸪௵ពࡢᙧ≧࡞࡝㸧ࢆᙧᡂࡉࡏࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᙧᡂၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛィ⟬୺యࡀỴᐃᛶ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᚑ࠺ሙྜࡣ㸪㠀ྠᮇᛶ㸪↓グ᠈ᛶ࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ⩌ࡢึᮇ㓄⨨ࡢᑐ⛠ᛶࡀᙧᡂྍ⬟࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ྛࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ᛶࢆチࡏࡤᑐ⛠ᛶࢆゎᾘ࡛ࡁ㸪㠀ྠᮇ㸪↓グ᠈㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞༏ྡࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ⩌ࡣ௵ពࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᙧ
ᡂࡋ㸪⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ>@㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ  ḟඖ✵㛫ࢆ⛣ືࡍࡿࣟ࣎
ࢵࢺ⩌ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪 ḟඖ✵㛫࡬ࡢᣑᙇྍ⬟ᛶࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬 ㏆ᖺ㸪ࣔࣂ࢖ࣝࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ⩌ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࣔࢹࣝࡔࡅ࡛
࡞ࡃ㸪⮬↛⣔࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘศᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࣔࢹࣝࡶάⓎ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⏕≀⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿಶయ㛫ࡢ஺ὶ࡟╔᝿ࢆᚓࡓಶయ⩌ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝࣔࢹࣝ>@㸪࢔࣓࣮ࣂ࡟╔᝿ࢆᚓࡓ࢔࣓࣎ࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝ>@㸪እຊ࡟ᚑࡗ୍࡚ᩧ࡟⛣ືࡋ㸪⢏Ꮚ࡝࠺ࡋࡀ⾪✺ࡍࢀࡤ᥋╔ࡍࡿ⢏Ꮚ⩌ࣔࢹࣝ>@㸪⢏Ꮚ⩌࠿ࡽᡂࡿኚᙧྍ⬟ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝ>@࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣᵝࠎ࡞グ᠈㸪⛣ື㸪
㏻ಙࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᴫࡋ࡚㸪༏ྡᛶ㸪୍ᵝᛶ㸪㠀ྠᮇᛶ㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ᛶࡢ
ୗ࡛⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
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sensors, Distributed Computing, 18, 4, pp.235-253, 2006.
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objects with uniform external forces, Proceedings of ISAAC 2017, pp.11:1-11:13,
2017.
[3] Zahra Derakhshandeh et al., Universal shape formation for programmable matter,
Proceedings of SPAA 2016, pp.289-299, 2016.
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IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 20, 3, pp.409-418, 2004.
[5] Nao Fujinaga, et al., Pattern formation by oblivious asynchronous mobile robots,
SIAM Journal on Computing, 44, 3, pp.740-785, 2015.
[6] Ichiro Suzuki and Masafumi Yamashita, Distributed anonymous mobile robots:
Formation of geometric patterns, SIAM Journal on Computing, 28, 4, pp.1347-➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽ1363, 1999.
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pp.137-151, 2014.
㸦஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ ᒣෆ⏤⣖Ꮚ㸧䠍䠊䠍䠌㻌 ศᏊேᕤ▱⬟䛾ᐇ⌧䜈ྥ䛡䛶㻌㻌ࠕ㕥ᮌࡉࢇ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣ▱⬟⌜࡟␗ື࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࡼ㸬ࠖ㐜ࢀ࡚ཧຍࡋ
ࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ఍㆟࡛✺↛࡟࿌ࡆࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࠕࡉ࡚㸪࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࠿㸬㸬㸬ࠖ࡜⪃࠼࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࠶ࡿ⛉ᏛဴᏛ⪅㸦ᡞ⏣ᒣ࿴ஂྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧ࡢㅮ₇ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ
࠸ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢࠕேᕤ▱⬟࡜ဴᏛࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㅮ₇࡛ࡣ㸪ேᕤ▱⬟ࡀ▱⬟ࡓࡾᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢ͆᮲௳͇࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕேᕤ▱⬟⣔ࡀ⣔ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ┠ⓗࢆࡶࡘࠖࡀ࿊
♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟༢⣧࡛ࡶࡼ࠸ࡀࠕ┠ⓗࢆ⣔ࡢእ࠿ࡽ୚࠼࡚
࠶ࡆࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ⣔࠿ࡽ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟⏕ࡌࡿ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡢᚲせᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ♧၀࡟ࢃࡎ࠿࡞ᕼᮃࡢගࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪ேᕤ▱⬟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࢃࡿ㸪⯆ࡊࡵࡍࡿࡀ㸪㑊ࡅ࡚㏻ࢀ࡞࠸གྷ௓ࡈ࡜ࡀẼ࡟࡞ࡾࡔࡋ࡚࠸
ࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚㸪▱⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚῝ࡃ⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ィ⟬ࡢᏱᐂࢆ㛤㜣ࡋࡓ࢔࣭ࣛࣥ
ࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢࡀ͆ࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ͇࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡔⰼ࡛ᣦࡋ♧ࡋࡓࠕேᕤ▱⬟ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡓ࠿ྰ࠿ࡢุ᩿ࡣ⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁே㛫ࡢホ౯࡟౫ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྂࡃ࡚᪂
ࡋ࠸ᮏ㉁࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ேᕤ▱⬟ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ▱⬟࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡣேࠎࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡦ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᕥࡣࡉࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࡞ࢇ࡜࠿▱⬟ࢆࡘࡃࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࠕ⣔ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸦⏕Ꮡ㸧ࠖࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࠕ⣔ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ͆㑅ᢥ⬟͇ࠖࢆ▱⬟࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡳࡓ㸬ࡶࡋ㑅ᢥࢆㄗࢀࡤ㸪⣔ࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡎ࡟ᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡑࢇ࡞ศᏊ⣔ࢆ⏕Ꮡࡢࡓࡵࡢᴟ㝈≧ែ࡟ࡲ࡛㏣࠸㎸ࢇࡔࡽ㸪᭱㐺࡞㑅ᢥࢆ⾜࠺ศᏊேᕤ▱⬟⣔䠍䠊䠍䠌㻌 ศᏊேᕤ▱⬟䛾ᐇ⌧䜈ྥ䛡䛶ࡀ๰Ⓨࡋࡸࡋ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆฟࡋࡓࡾィ⟬ᶵࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㐀సࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆศᏊ⣔࡜ࡋ࡚໬Ꮫⓗ࡟ᐇ⿦ࡍࡿ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡣ⤖ᵓ࡞ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ィ⟬ᒇࡢ⚾ࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ☒Ꮫࡢ᪉ࠎࡢࡼ࠺࡟ィ⟬ᶵ࡜ᐇ㦂⣔ࢆ⳹㯇࡟᧯ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝฿ᗏ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡇࡢศ㔝࡛ࡳࢇ࡞ࡀ౑
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢩ࣮ࢯ࣮ࢤ࣮ࢺ཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ>@㸬ࢩ࣮ࢯ࣮ࢤ࣮ࢺ཯ᛂࡣ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺศᏊࡀࢤ࣮ࢺศᏊ࡜཯ᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ
཯ᛂ⣔ࡀືࡃ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺศᏊࢆ࠸ࢃࡤࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀࢤ࣮ࢺศᏊࢆ࢚͆ࢧ͇࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࢆ͆ᦤ㣗͇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛
⮬ࡽࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࡜ぢ❧࡚ࡓ㸬ࡲࡎ㸪ࢩ࣮ࢯ࣮ࢤ࣮ࢺ཯ᛂࡀࡁࡕࢇ࡜ືసࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡘࡲࡾ࢚ࢧࢆ୚࠼࡚ศ
Ꮚࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ⮬ᕫࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚㸪࢚ࢧ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࢤ࣮ࢺศ
Ꮚࡢ㓄ิ࡟͆ࢦ࣑͇ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡳࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ͆ࢦ࣑͇࡜ࡣࢤ࣮ࢺศᏊࡢ㓄ิࡢ
Ⅼኚ␗࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ኚ␗⟠ᡤࡀ」ᩘࡔ࡜࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ືసࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸧㸬ᐇ㦂ࡣࣉࣟࡢᐇ㦂ᐙ࡛࠶ࡿ㇂ཱྀ฼ⱥẶ㸦ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ㸧࡟࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ㸬ᙜࡓࡾ๓࡜࠸࠼ࡤࡑ࠺ࡔࡀ㸪ࡼࡃࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡉࢀࡓ཯ᛂ⣔ࢆዲࡁ຾ᡭ࡟࠸ࡌࡿ
࡜⣔ࡣື࠿࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡀጞࡲࡿ㸯ሷᇶ┠࠶ࡓࡾ࡞ࡽᑡࠎኚ␗ࡀ࠶ࡗ
࡚ࡶࡉࡋ࡚ၥ㢟࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶෆഃࡢ㓄ิ࡟ኚ␗ࢆධࢀࡿ࡜࡯࡜ࢇ࡝཯ᛂ
⣔ࡣື࠿࡞࠸㸬ࡔࡀ㸪⥙⨶ⓗ࡟ㄪ࡭ࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟ኚ␗ࢆධࢀ࡚ࡶ཯ᛂ⣔ࡀືࡃሙྜ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬㇂ཱྀẶࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᐇ㦂ࡋ㸪෌⌧ᛶ㧗ࡃືࡃኚ␗ࡢ
఩⨨ࢆᩘ࢝ᡤ≉ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚ḟ࡟ࢦ࣑ࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ศᏊ㸪ࡘࡲࡾኚ␗ࡀධࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ṇつࡢࢤ࣮ࢺศᏊ࡜ኚ␗ࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢤ࣮ࢺศᏊࡢ୧᪉ࢆ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺศᏊ࡟୚࠼࡚ࡳࡓ㸬ṇつࡢศᏊࡢ⃰ᗘࡀྠࡌ࠿㧗࠸ሙྜࡣᙜ↛㸪ṇつࡢศᏊࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡔࡀ㸪ࢦ࣑ࡘࡁࡢศᏊࡢ⃰ᗘࢆ㧗ࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚㸪ṇつࡢศᏊࡢ㸰ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡇࢁ࡟࡞
ࡿ࡜࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺศᏊࡣ⃰ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ኚ␗࠶ࡾศᏊࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺศᏊࡀ⎔ቃ㐺ᛂⓗ࡟ືసࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡢ࡛㸪ḟ࡟཯ᛂ⣔ࡢ༢⣧໬ࢆヨࡳࡓ㸬㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ࡛ࡣ㸪㙐⨨᥮ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟
WRHKROG ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ㊊ሙࡢࡼ࠺࡞▷࠸㓄ิࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡎ WRHKROG 㒊࡛ࡀࡗࡕࡾ
࡜㸰ᮏ㙐⤖ྜࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ㸪࠾ࡶࡴࢁ࡟㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ WRHKROG 㓄ิࢆᑡࡋ๐ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ㸬ࡍࡿ࡜☜࠿࡟㙐⨨᥮ࢆ᏶஢ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ
཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࡣ㛗ࡃࡣ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪㙐⨨᥮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣኚࢃࡽࡎ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ WRHKROGࢆ๐ࡗ࡚ࡶ⃰ᗘࡀ㧗ࡅࢀࡤኚ␗࠶ࡾࡢ㓄ิࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿ⃰ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࡣಖᣢࡉ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬WRHKROG 㓄ิࢆ๐ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ཯ᛂࡢᛶ㉁ࡣኚ໬ࡏࡎ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ
WRHKROG 㓄ิࢆࡍ࡭࡚๐ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪⃰ᗘࡉ࠼㧗ࡅࢀࡤኚ␗ࡘࡁࡢ㓄ิࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬㇂ཱྀẶࡣៅ㔜࡟ᐇ㦂ࢆ㔜ࡡࡓࡀ WRHKROG ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ኚ␗ࡢ᭷↓࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ⃰ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࢤ࣮ࢺศᏊࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝࡀఱᗘࡶ෌⌧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ཯ᛂ⣔࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᑠᐑ೺㸦ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ㸧Ặ࠿ࡽ WRHKROG ࡞ࡋࡢ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ>@㸬ࡇࡢ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ㓄ิࡢ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㛵㐃◊✲ࡢ཯ᛂ⣔ࡣࣇ࣐ࣝࢵࢳ࡜࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ㓄ิࡢ➇ྜ⣔࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡏࡼ
⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⣔ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࡞ࡾ᪩ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ㸬ࡇࢀࡣィᶵჾࡢ㐪࠸࠿㸪ࡣࡓࡲࡓఝ࡚㠀࡞ࡿศᏊࡀࠕ࢖ࢫྲྀࡾࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿሷᇶᑐࢆዣ࠸ྜ࠺ࡓࡵ࡞ࡢ࠿⯆࿡῝࠸㸬ࡉ࡚㸪ᮏࢥ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ⏕ࡁࡿࡓࡵࡢศᏊேᕤ▱⬟ࢆᵓ᝿ࡋࡑࡢศᏊᐇ⿦ࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⣔ࡀᯝࡓࡋ࡚ேᕤ▱⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿㸪ࡑࢀࡣㄞ⪅ࡢุ᩿࡟౫ࡿࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉ࡚㸪࠸࠿ࡀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸽
[1] L.Qian and E. Winfree, A simple DNA gate motif for synthesizing large-scale
circuits, J R Soc Interface. 8(62): 1281–1297, 2011[2] Yasuhiro Suzuki and Rie Taniguchi, Toward Artificial Intelligence by Using DNA
Molecule, Yasuhiro Suzuki and Rie Taniguchi, Proc. of the 2017 International
Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics, 345-347, 2018
[3] Luis P. Reynaldo, el.al., The Kinetics of Oligonucleotide Replacements, J. Mol.
Biol. , 511-520, 2000
ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ 㕥ᮌὈ༤ 䠍䠊䠍䠍㻌 ๰Ⓨ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛧䛶䛾ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖㻌๰Ⓨ࡜ࡣ㸪ከᩘࡢせ⣲࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪せ⣲㸫せ⣲㛫࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣせ⣲㸫⎔ቃ㛫ࡢᒁᡤⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪༢⣧࡞⥲࿴௨ୖࡢ኱ᇦⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡸᶵ⬟ࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࢆᣦࡍ㸬ಶࠎࡢせ⣲ࡀࡶࡘ≉ᛶࡸ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀ༢⣧࡛ࡶ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚」㞧࠿ࡘ㧗ᗘ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪๰Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡶࡢ࡜࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢሙྜ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ༢య࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡵࡿ▱⬟ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀࡿ㸬䠍䠊䠍䠍㻌 ๰Ⓨ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛧䛶䛾ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿศᏊࡢ≀ᛶࡶྵࡵ࡚㸪ᗈ࠸ព࿡࡛ࣉࣟࢢ࣐ࣛࣈࣝ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ
࣒࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛࡢどⅬ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠕࢭࣥࢧ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣭࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࡛ࠖᵓ
ᡂࡉࢀࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㒊ศ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ」㞧
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㧗ḟ࡞᝟ሗฎ⌮ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾᮇᚅ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㛫࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
㸫⎔ቃ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ࠺ࡲࡃά࠿ࡋ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒඲య࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᕤኵࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡟๰Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢศᏊࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㠃ⓑࡉࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㝵ᒙᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᪂ࡓ࡞ගࢆ࠶ࡓ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬๰Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ㝵ᒙᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゝཬࡉࢀࡿ㸬㝵ᒙᛶࡣ⮬↛⌧㇟ࡢ୰࡟ࡋࡤࡋࡤぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪せ⣲㞟ᅋ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᕤᏛⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚㝵ᒙᛶ࡟ලయⓗ࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࡴ๓౛ࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᑡ
࡞࠸㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢᕤᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣ㝵ᒙᛶࢆㄽࡌࡿ࡟㊊ࡿࡔࡅࡢせ⣲ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣ࢔࣎࢞ࢻࣟᩘ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀ࡟
‽ࡌࡿࡔࡅࡢᩘࡢ㞟ᅋࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬༢࡟ᩘࡀ㞟ࡲࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡿᮦᩱࡀ⌧ᐇ࡟⏝ព࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺
Ⅼ࡛ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺ๭ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸㸬ᅗ㸯 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡛ࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࣭⎔ቃ࣭᝟ሗࢆ
୙ྍศࡢ≧ែ࡛ᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ
 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ࣐ࢡࣟ࡞ୡ⏺࡛ࡣྍศ࡞㛵ಀࢆ୙ྍศ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡶ⏬ᮇⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛ࡛ࡣࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺ࣭⎔ቃ࣭᝟ሗࡢ༊ศࢆ᫂☜࡟࡛ࡁࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸㸬࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ
࢕ࢡࢫࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀศᏊࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࡶྠ➼ࡢศᏊୡ⏺࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᝟ሗఏ㐩ࡢ፹యࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡟໬Ꮫࢩ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィ⌮ㄽࢢࢼࣝ࡟࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࣭⎔ቃ࣭᝟ሗࢆษࡾศࡅ࡞࠸࣭ษࡾศࡅࡽ
ࢀ࡞࠸୕఩୍యࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟࠶ࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟๰Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡑࡢࡶࡢ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬๰Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆㄽࡌࡿୖ࡛ࡢ᱁ዲࡢලయ౛࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
๰Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣせ⣲㑏ඖⓗ࡞⌮ゎࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᡤᮃࡢᶵ⬟ࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ಶࠎࡢせ⣲࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᛶࢆᣢࡓࡏࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺タィᅔ㞴ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬๰Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢዲ౛ࡓࡾ࠺ࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᗈࡀࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᕤᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢタィཎ⌮࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀࡼࡾ୍
ᒙ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺㸬㸦ᮾ໭Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ Ⳣཎ◊㸧㻌㻌䠎䠊䠍㻌 ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇➨䠎❶㻌 㻌
ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮໬ᢏ⾡㻌㻌䠎䠊䠍㻌 ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇㻌ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲ࡢṔྐࡣ㛗ࡃ㸪ከ✀ከᵝ࡞᫬✵㛫ᵓ㐀ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ [1]㸬≉࡟⣽⬊ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡲࡓࡣ࣋ࢩࢡࣝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࢼࣀ࣭࣐࢖ࢡࣟ
ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᑠ⬊ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[2]㸬ࡇࢀࡣ୧ぶ፹ᛶࡢ⬡㉁ศᏊࢆỈ୰࡟ศᩓࡉ
ࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟⤌ࡳୖࡀࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࢝ࣉࢭࣝᵝࡢᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᭱㏆ DNA
ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᏊࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ศᏊࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢศ㔝ࡣ༢୍ศᏊ࠿ࡽ㉸ศᏊ㸪㉸ศᏊ」ྜయ࡬࡜ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࢔ࢵࣉࡀ
ぢ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ㊊᥃࠿ࡾ࡜࡞ࡿ⬡㉁⭷ᑠ⬊ࡢ࿘㎶ࢆᴫほࡋࡼ࠺㸬䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌໬Ꮫࡢ※ὶ࡛࠶ࡿ㘐㔠⾡ࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿ࠿᫇࠿ࡽ㸪ࣄࢺࡣ⮬ศࡢᡭ࡛⏕࿨ࢆࡘࡃࡾ
ฟࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡁࡓ⏕ࡁ≀࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⏕≀ࡀ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ⮬ᕫ」〇ࠕ௨እࡢࠖ᪉ἲ
࡛㸪⏕࿨࡜࿧࡭ࡿࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྔ࠺࡞ࡽ㸪ᕤᏛⓗ࡟ࡣᢏ⾡ࡢ㝈⏺Ⅼࡢ✺◚࡛࠶ࡿࡋ㸪⌮Ꮫⓗ࡟ࡣ⏕࿨࡜ࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺≀஦ࡢᮏ㉁࡟㏕ࡿࡇ࡜࡟⧅ࡀࡿ⏬ᮇⓗ࡞ᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊ࡢ◊✲࡜ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ฿㐩Ⅼࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓᐇ㦂ⓗ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺㸬୍᪉㸪ᮏ᭩ࡢ࠶ࡕࡇࡕ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡣศᏊࢆࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࡋ࡚ാ࠿ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡍᏛၥศ㔝࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕ⏕ࡁ≀ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵᲔࢆసࢁ࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺୍㠃ࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊ࡶศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡶ㸪ㄒࡢ᪂ᪧࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢᕤᏛࡢ୍ศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᕤᏛࡣே㢮ࡢᩥ໬࡛࠶ࡾ㸪◚ࢀ࡞࠸࣮ࣝࣝࡢඖ࡛ࡼࡾⰋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᏛၥ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡀゎࡁ᫂࠿ࡋࡓ㸨ࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⮬↛⛉Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ࣋ࣥᅗ࡟↓⌮ࡸࡾᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚ᥥࡃ࡜㸪ᅗ 1 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬㸦㸨⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡶྠᵝ࡟ே㢮ࡢᩥ໬࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ே㢮ᮍ㋃ࡢㅦࢆゎࡃ࡜࠸࠺⩏ົ㸦࿚࠸㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢືᶵࡀᕤᏛ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㸧ᕤᏛ⪅ࡣࡇࡢ࣋ࣥᅗ඲య࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢ▱ぢࢆࣆࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࡋ࡚ᢞධࡍࡿ࠿ࢆಶே
ࡢࢭࣥࢫ࡛Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐇ࡟㉕ἑ㸦࠿ࡘእࡍ࡜ᝒ᝺㸧࡞࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠶ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡㸦ᅗࡢ⣬㠃ᆶ┤᪉ྥࡢ㍈ࢆࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ⾲ഃࢆ࣐ࢡࣟ㸪⿬ഃࢆ࣑ࢡࣟ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪᥀ࡾୗࡆ࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ᨭ㓄ⓗ࡜࡞ࡿἲ๎ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡺࡁ࣋ࣥᅗ
ࡶᙧࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛㠃ⓑ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺㸸౛࠼ࡤ nm ௨ୗ࡟⣧⢋࡞⏕≀ᏛࡣᏑᅾࡏࡎ໬
Ꮫࡀᗈࡀࡿࡋ㸪100 m ௨ୖࡢࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࡟ࡶ⏕≀ᏛࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸㸬⾲⿬࡟ᗈࡀࡿ
ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢆ᫬㛫ࡸ ᗘ㸦࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧࡟࡜ࡿ࡜ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡓ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬൅ࡽࡀ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎࡢୡ⏺ࡣ᱌እ⊃࠸࡝ࢇ࡞㢼࡞ࡢ࠿㸪ࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺㸧㸬
2018 ᖺ⌧ᅾ㸪⏕≀࡜≀㉁ࡢ㛫ࡢᕤᏛ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡣմ࡟࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛ேᕤ⣽⬊ࡣ⏕≀ᐤࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡣⱝᖸ⏕≀㞳ࢀࡋࡓ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠶ࡿ㸨㸨㸬㸦㸨㸨ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ྡ๓ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ศ㔝ࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿྥࡁ࡟ࡣ࡞ࢇࡔ࠿⏦ࡋヂ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢቃ┠ࢆ⌧ሙ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ₽ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜ࡇࡑኳ㈿ࡢࣄࢫࢸࣜࢩࢫࢆᣢࡘ㸦ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ୙ྍ⬟࡞㸧ே㛫ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺◊✲ࡢ┿㧊ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸㸸ࡑࡋ࡚᪤ᚓᶒ┈ࢆᡴࡕቯࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿヨࡳࡇࡑࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸᪤ᚓᶒ┈ࢆ⏘ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ᚲ㡲ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡞ࡢࡔ㸸ࡑ࠸ࡘࡀぢ࠼ࡓࡽ⤊ࢃࡾ㸸ࡅࢀ࡝ᢞࡆ
ฟࡉࡎ࡟ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡎࡘࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࢼ࣡ࣂࣜࣂࢺࣝ㸧ᅗ 1 ேᕤ⣽⬊ᕤᏛ࡜ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ㛵ಀேᕤ⣽⬊䛾◊✲䛸䛿㻌࡛ࡣᐇ㝿࡟㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊ࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿ㸪࡜ࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺㸬࠿ࡘ࡚ SF సᐙࡢ℩ྡ⚽᫂Ặࡣࠕேᕤ⣽⬊ࡢ◊✲㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࢼࣥࢭࣥࢫ࡛ࡍ㸪ࠥࡢࡓࡵ࡟

䠎䠊䠍㻌 ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇ேᕤ⣽⬊ࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡞ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿࠖ࡜ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡋࡓ㸬℩ྡẶࡢࠕࠥࠖ࡟ධࡿࡢࡣ㸪୺࡟ୗグࡢ 3 㡯┠࡛࠶ࡿ㸹1) ⌧Ꮡࡢ⏕࿨యࡢ௦⾲᱁࡛࠶ࡿ⣽⬊ࢆ෌ᵓᡂࡍࡿ㸪2) ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿ⏕࿨ࣔࢹࣝࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㸪3) ᆅ⌫ୖࡢ⏕࿨ࡢ㉳※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡿ㸬2㸪3)ࡀ⛉Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚㨩ຊⓗ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟␲࠸ࡣ࡞࠸㸬≀㉁࠿ࡽ⣽⬊ࢆᶍೌࡋ㸪࠶ࢃࡼࡃࡤᮏ≀ࡢ⣽⬊ࢆ⤌ࡳୖࡆࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺㢪ᮃࡣ㸪⏕࿨ࡢ㉳※ࡸᏱᐂ⏕≀Ꮫ㸦Astrobiology㸧࡞࡝ࡢၥ㢟ព㆑࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡁ㸪ࢺࣛ࢘࣋ࡸ࢜ࣃ࣮ࣜࣥ࡟
௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿᵝࠎ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ⏕࿨ྜᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡟౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿᮦᩱ࡜ࡣ᪤▱Ᏹᐂ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ඲࡚ࡢඖ⣲࡜໬ྜ≀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ཯ᛂࢆࢩࢫࢸ࣒
໬ࡋࡼ࠺࡟ࡶ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡣ↓㝈࡟࠶ࡿ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ⚄࡟࡞ࢀ࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟࡟➼ࡋ࠸㸬タᐃࡉࢀࡓࢦ࣮ࣝ࡟ࡓ࡝ࡾ╔ࡃࡓࡵ࡟᭱▷࣮ࣝࢺࢆ⪃࠼᭷㝈ࡢࣜࢯ࣮ࢫࢆὀ
ࡂ㎸ࡵ࡜྇ࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ࢚ࣥࢪࢽ࢔࡞ࡽࡑࢇ࡞⫋ሙࡣ㑅ࡤ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺㸦ࡑࡢ≀㉁࠾ࡼࡧ⤒㊰᥈⣴⮬యࢆᶵᲔᏛ⩦ࡢ᥼⏝࡛ࡀࢇࡤࡿࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺ Evolution2.0
Prize (https://www.herox.com/evolution2.0)࡞࡝᪂ࡋ࠸࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡢᒎ㛤࡟ᮇᚅࡋࡼ࠺㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᮏ᭩ࡢࢫࢥ࣮ࣉ࠿ࡽⱝᖸእ
ࢀࡿࡓࡵ๭ឡࡍࡿ㸬ࡍࡿ࡜ṧࡿࡢࡀ 1)࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⏕࿨ࡢ౫ࡾ௦࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⣽⬊ࡀ㸪ᐇࡣ≀㉁ࡢ㞟ྜయ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⮬࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⣽⬊࡜≀㉁࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ
⤒㊰ࡣ㸪⣽⬊ࢆศゎࡍࡿ࡜≀㉁࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺୍᪉㏻⾜ࡢࡳ࡞ࡢࡔ㸬ࡇࡢࠕᑐ⛠ᛶࡢᝏࡉࠖࢆゎᾘࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛㸪≀㉁࠿ࡽ⣽⬊ࢆసࡗ࡚ࡳࡿࡇ࡜㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊ࢆసࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᣲືࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡍ࡭࡚ࡀࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛḟ➨࡞ࢥࣥࣆࣗ
࣮ࢱෆ࡛ࡢேᕤ⏕࿨ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᐇ✵㛫࡜࠸࠺ไ⣙ࡢୗ࡛ືࡃࣔࢹࣝࢆ
ᐇ⌧ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪᪤࡟ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᏳ඲࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࠕ⏕య㧗ศᏊ࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ⣽⬊࡜஫᥮ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ≀㉁ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪⣽⬊ࡢ᪤▱ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⤌ࡳୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ≺࠺ࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞㊰⥺࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚⏕࿨࡜࠸࠺ሙ࡛㸪≀㉁࡜ࡑࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ࠸࠿࡟᣺ࡿ⯙࠺࠿ࡣ㸪⣽⬊ࡢほᐹࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ⣽⬊ࠕ㢮ఝࡢࠖሙᡤࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡘ࠿࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪᧯సⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᑡࡋ⬺⥺ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺㏆ᖺᛴ㏿࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛၥศ㔝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡈࡃ⡆༢࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺㸬ࡇࡢᏛၥࡣ㸪㑇ఏᏊᅇ㊰࡜ࡋ࡚ேᕤⓗ࡞ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒࣭ศᏊᅇ㊰ࢆタィࡋᐇ㝿࡟ാ࠿ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪⏕ࡁࡓ⣽⬊ࢆᨵ㐀ࡋ࡚ኳ↛⏕≀࡟୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋ㸪࠿ࡘ⏕≀ࡢタィཎ⌮࡟㏕ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬≉࡟ᚋ⪅࡟ࢫࢥ࣮ࣉࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᵓᡂⓗ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡⏕≀Ꮫ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᛂ⏝㠃࡛ࡣ㸪᭱᪂ᢏ⾡࡛࢔ࢵࣉࢹ࣮ࢺࡉࢀࡓ⏕≀ᕤᏛࡸ㎰ⱁ໬Ꮫ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭㣗ᩱ࣭་⒪࣭ఫᒃ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ྛ᪉㠃࡟ྥࡅ኱ࡁ࡞ᮇᚅࡀᐤࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᭷ྡ࡞౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪iPS ⣽⬊ࡣேᕤⓗ࡟ᑟධࡋࡓ㑇ఏᏊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⣽⬊ࢆᮍศ໬≧ែ࡟ࡲ࡛ࣜࢭࢵࢺࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ேⅭⓗ࡟タィࡋྜᡂࡋࡓ඲㛗ࢤࣀ࣒ࢆᑟධࡋࡓே㐀࣐࢖ࢥࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡶ⡿ᅜࢡࣞ࢖ࢢ࣭࣋ࣥࢱ࣮◊✲ᡤ㸦CVI㸧ࡀㄌ⏕ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡾ[3]㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡀேᕤ⣽⬊࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬᭱㏆࡛ࡣ CRISPR/Cas9 ࡞࡝㧗ຠ⋡࡞ࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟ᢏ⾡ࡶฟ⌧ࡋ࡚㸪ྜᡂ⏕≀ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᢏ⾡ࡣ┈ࠎⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࡢጞ♽࡜ࡉࢀࡿ MIT Ꮫὴࡣࡑࡢ᭱ึᮇ࡟┠ⓗࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᭱ᑠࢭࢵࢺࡢ㑇ఏ᝟ሗࢆࡶࡘேᕤ⣽⬊㸦Minimal-cell㸧ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢮࣟ࠿ࡽ⏕࿨⌧㇟ࡢ㉳ື㸦ࣇ࣭ࣝࢫࢡࣛࢵࢳ࣭ࣅࣝࢻ㸧ࢆ≺࠺࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉᆺࡢேᕤ⣽⬊ࡸศᏊࣟ࣎
ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ⣽⬊ࡢ୙せ࡞せ⣲ࢆ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛๐ࢀࡿ࠿ࢆၥ࠺ࢺ
ࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥᆺࡢ◊✲࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵḞⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡀ୙᫂࡞ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ඲ࢤࣀ࣒ࢆྜᡂࡋ
ࡓ᭱ᑠࢤࣀ࣒ 473 㑇ఏᏊࡢ࣐࢖ࢥࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢆື࠿ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ⏝㏵୙᫂ࡢ㑇ఏ
Ꮚࡀ 149 ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ[4]㸧ࡇ࡜㸪฼Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ඃࢀࡓ⮬ᕫ」〇ᶵᵓࢆ౑࠼ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬ヲ⣽ࡣᡂ᭩ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸[5]㸬
᭱ᑠࢭࢵࢺࡢ㑇ఏ᝟ሗࢆࡶࡘேᕤ⣽⬊ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡀ㸪㑇ఏᆺ࡜⾲⌧ᆺ࡜ࡢࣜࣥࢡࢆࡁࡗࡕࡾ࡜ാ࠿ࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࣜࣥࢡ
࡜ࡣ㸪㑇ఏᏊ DNA ࠿ࡽࡢ RNA ྜᡂ㸦㌿෗㸧㸪RNA ࠿ࡽࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂ㸦⩻ヂ㸧㸪ᢡࡾࡓࡓࡲࢀࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᶵ⬟Ⓨ⌧࡟ࡼࡿ௦ㅰ࡜ಶయࡢᡂ❧࡜⮬ᕫ」〇㸪࡜࠸࠺୍㐃ࡢὶࢀ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫࡢࢭࣥࢺࣛࣝࢻࢢ࣐࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦⬮ὀ㸸ࡇࢀ࡟㑇ఏᏊࡢኚ␗࡜㸪⾲⌧⣔࡟ࡼࡿಶయࡢ㑅ᢥ࡜࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢእ⏺࠿ࡽࡢ᧯సࡀຍࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛⏕ࡌࡿࡶࡢࡀ㐍໬࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ㸧㸬 ⣽⬊ࡢእ࡛ࡢ㌿෗࡜⩻ヂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪1960 ᖺ௦ࡢ⣽⬊ᢳฟᾮࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂ⣔࡟ࡣࡌࡲࡾ㸪㏆ᖺ㸪ΎỈࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫࡢ࡞࠸ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂ࡟ᚲせ༑ศ࡞ᅉᏊࡢࡳࢆࢭࢵࢺࡋࡓศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸪PURESYSTEM ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ[6]㸪ᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ࢤࣀ࣒ࡢ」〇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ヨ㦂⟶ෆ DNA 」〇࡟ࡣࡌࡲࡾ㸪ࡈࡃ᭱㏆ࢤࣀ࣒」〇ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢆ෌ᵓᡂࡍࡿᚲ㡲ᅉᏊࡢࡳࢆࢭࢵࢺ࡟ࡋ࡚⎔≧ DNA
ࡢᣦᩘⓗቑᖜࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ⣔ࡀᮎḟࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [7]㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⣽⬊ࡢᚲ㡲ᶵ⬟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㸪⣽⬊ࡢእ㸪ࡘࡲࡾヨ㦂⟶ෆࡢ⁐ᾮ࡛෌ᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪ᐇ⌧ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿヨࡳࡣ㸪⏕໬Ꮫ/ศᏊ⏕≀Ꮫࡢ㐍Ṍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⣽⬊ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ࡲ࡛㏕ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬䠎䠊䠍㻌 ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇ࡉ࡚㸪⣽⬊࡜ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⏤᮶࠿ࡽࡋ࡚඲యࡢ࠺ࡕ༊⏬໬ࡉࢀࡓᑠࡉ࡞ࣘࢽࢵࢺ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬⣽⬊ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆჾ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪๓ฟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⣽⬊࡜஫᥮ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᶵ⬟ᛶࡢศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆෆໟࡉࡏ㸪⣽⬊ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᚲ㡲ᶵ⬟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ヨࡳࡀ㸪࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉᘧࡢேᕤ⣽⬊࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢჾ㸪࣎ࢹ࢕࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ᅾࡲ࡛࡟᭱ࡶࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ᑠ⬊㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⣽⬊䝰䝕䝹䛸䛧䛶䛾⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ᑠ⬊㻌 ⬡㉁ศᏊ࡜ࡣ୺࡟୧ぶ፹ᛶ㸪ࡘࡲࡾぶỈᛶ࡜␯Ỉᛶࡢᛶ㉁ࢆࡶࡘᐁ⬟ᇶࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓศᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Ỉ୰࡟ศᩓࡍࡿ࡜㸪␯ỈᛶࡢศᏊࢆෆഃ࡟␚ࡳ୪࡭ࡓ㞟ྜయ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬せࡣỈ࡜Ἔࡢቃ⏺㠃࡜࡞ࡿศᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⬡㉁ศᏊࡢ㞟ྜ≧ែ࣭ᙧ≧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⌫≧㸦࣑ࢭࣝ㸧㸪Წ≧㸦࣑ࢭࣝ㸧㸪⭷≧㸦࣓ࣥࣈࣞࣥ㸧㸪ᯈ≧㸦࣓ࣥࣈࣞࣥ㸧࡞࡝ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞≧ែࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඹ᭷⤖ྜ࡟ẚ࡭ࡼࡾᙅ࠸ຊ࡛
㞟ྜࡋࡓ୍ᑐ௨ୖࡢศᏊࡢ⤌⧊యࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺Ꮫၥࡀ㉸ศᏊ໬Ꮫ㸦supuramoleculer chemistry㸧࡛࠶ࡿ[8]㸬㧗ศᏊ໬Ꮫ㸪໬Ꮫ⇕ຊᏛ࡜࡞ࡽࢇ࡛㸪ᅗ 2 ேᕤ⣽⬊ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡜ w/o ࢚࣐ࣝࢪࣙࣥ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ศᏊࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ᚲ㡲࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿᏛၥศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ⬡㉁㞟ྜయࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ேᕤ⬡㉁⭷࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᵓ㐀ࡀ㸪༢ᒙ⭷࡛࠶ࡿ Langmuir-Blodgett ⭷㸪஧ศᏊᒙࡢᖹ㠃⭷࡛࠶ࡿ㯮⭷㸪⌫≧ࡢἜỈ⏺㠃࡟༢ᒙ⭷ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ Water-inOil(w/o) ࢚࣐ࣝࢪࣙࣥ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ᑠ⬊ࡢ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡢᶍᘧᅗࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡋࡓ㸬 ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡣᖹ㠃ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ࡢᮎ➃ࡀ㛢ࡌࡓᑠ⬊࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣋ࢩ
ࢡࣝ㸦Vesicle㸧࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀ㸪1964 ᖺ࡟ Bangham ࡟ࡼࡾࡣࡌࡵ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⭷ࡣᚤᑠయ✚ࢆໟࡴ␯Ỉᛶࡢࣂࣜ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ෆእࡢศ㞳⬟࡟ඃࢀ㸪⣽⬊⭷࡟㢮ఝࡋࡓ⬡㉁஧㔜⭷ᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘࡓࡵ㸪⏕య⭷ࣔࢹࣝ㸪໬⢝ရࡸ DDS㸦⸆๣㏦
㐩ࢩࢫࢸ࣒[9]㸧㸪ࡑࡋ࡚⣽⬊ࢆ෌ᵓᡂࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛౑࠺ேᕤ⣽⬊࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[10]㸬࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ࡣ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢬࡸ⭷ࡢ≧ែ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ SUV, LUV, MLV, GUV ࡞࡝ࡢศ㢮ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬୧ぶ፹ᛶࡢཎᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㧗ศᏊ㸦࣏࣐࣮ࣜ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡣ࣏࣐࣮ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡜ࡼࡤࢀ㸪㡹୔ࡉࡸᶵ⬟㏣ຍࡢᐜ
᫆ࡉ࡞࡝࠿ࡽὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪┤ᚄࡀᩘ࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࣟࢺ
ࣝ௨ୖ࡟࡞ࡿ୍ᯛ⭷㸦⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ࡢ୍ᒙࡔࡅ࡛ෆእࢆ㝸࡚ࡿ㸧ࡢ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒
ࡣ≉࡟㸪Giant Unilamellar Vesicle㸦GUV㸧࡜ࡼࡤࢀ㸪㏆ᖺ⣽⬊ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ከࡃࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ⬡㉁⭷ࡢཌࡉࡣ㏻ᖖ 5
ࠥ7 nm ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ගࡢἼ㛗࡟ẚ࡭࡚༑ศ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ࡣ⭷ࡢ᭷↓ࡍࡽほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ 1980 ᖺ௦௨㝆㸪ᐆ㇂ࡽࡀᩓ஘ගࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᬯど㔝㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡿ┤᥋ほᐹἲ࡟ඛ㠴ࢆࡘࡅ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟⺯ගࣛ࣋ࣝࡋࡓ␯ỈᛶศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⺯ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗⢭ᗘ࡞ほᐹᡭἲࡶⓎ㐩ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⣽⬊ྠᵝ࡟ほᐹ࣭᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟຍᕤᢏ
⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍࡸඛ㐍ⓗ࡞ᕤኵ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᥞࡗࡓ⣽⬊ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡶ⡆౽࡟స〇ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊࡜ࡋ࡚࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆ㒊࡟⏕໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ⣔ࢆ௙㎸ࡳ㸪㏣㊧ࡋ㸪ホ౯ࡍࡿヨࡳࡀከᩘ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊䛾ᐇ౛㻌ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⬡㉁ࡢჾࢆ౑ࡗࡓேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲ࡢᐇ౛ࢆᣲࡆࡼ࠺㸬⣽⬊ࡣ㐍໬ࡍࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊࡛ࡣ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂ࡟ࡼࡿ RNA ࡢ」〇཯ᛂࢆ w/o ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ
ෆ࡟௙㎸ࡳ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟እ㒊࠿ࡽኚ␗࡜㑅ᢥᚊࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢲ࣮࢘࢕ࣥ㐍໬ࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿ⣔ࡀᕷᶫࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[11]㸬⣽⬊ࡣ㐠ືࡍࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊࡛ࡣ㸪℧ཱྀࡽࡀ㸪࢔ࢡࢳ࣭࣮ࣥࣔࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟㧗⃰ᗘ࡛ᑒධࡋ࡚እ㒊࠿ࡽࡢග่⃭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐠ື࡜ࡋ࠿࿧࡭࡞࠸㸪኱つᶍ࡞ኚᙧࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜䠎䠊䠍㻌 ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇࠸࠺⌧㇟ࢆぢฟࡋࡓ[12]㸬⣽⬊ࡣ㞟ྜࡍࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊࡛ࡣ㸪㇏⏣ࡽࡀ㸪୧ぶ፹ᛶ㧗ศᏊࡢඹᏑ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ேᕤከ⣽⬊≧ែࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[13]㸬
ࡑࡋ࡚⣽⬊ࡣ⮬ᕫ」〇ࡍࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊࡛ࡣ㸪᭷ᶵྜᡂࡉࢀࡓ⬡㉁ศᏊࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪
ゐ፹཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ⭷ศᏊࢆࡑࡢሙྜᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿჾࢆసࡾ㸪⭷ࡢ」〇࡜ෆ㒊࡛ࡢ DNA ࡢ」〇ࢆ࢝ࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢࡉࡏࡓேᕤ⣔ࡀ㸪Ⳣཎࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ[14]㸬
⣽⬊ࡀᐇ㝿࡟⏝࠸ࡿศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸪⣽⬊ᶵ⬟ࡢ඲෌ᵓᡂࢆ≺ࡗࡓ◊✲ࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺㸬኱⭠⳦ࡢᢳฟᾮࡸඛ㏙ࡢ PUREsystem ࢆ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ෆໟࡉࡏ࡚ࢱ
ࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂࢆ⾜ࢃࡏࡓ⣔[15]ࡣ㸪୍ࡘࡢ㌿᥮Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ྠᵝ࡟㸪⭷ࡢෆእ࡛≀㉁ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆᢸ࠺ࢳࣕࢿࣝ࡞࡝ࡢ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆྜᡂࡉࡏ࡚⭷࡟ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳ㸪⭷ෆእ࡛ࡢศᏊ᝟ሗࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡓࡾ[16]㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࢀࢆ᥎ࡋ
㐍ࡵ࡚⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ࡼࡿ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡢேᕤ⣽⬊㐍໬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᯇᾆࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[17]㸬RNA ࠿ࡽ DNA ࢆྜᡂࡍࡿ
㏫㌿෗㓝⣲཯ᛂࢆ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ⣔ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ [18]㸬
ࡑࡋ࡚᭱㏆㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆ࡛ࢤࣀ࣒」〇ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡀ Danelon ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[19]䠊
ࡇࢀࡽ㑇ఏᏊࡢ」〇཯ᛂ࡜㸪ჾࡢ」〇཯ᛂ࡜ࡀ࢝ࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⮬ᕫ」〇ࡀ᏶ᡂࡍࡿ㸬ჾࡢഃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪኱⭠⳦ࢆศ⿣ࡉࡏࡿ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢭࢵࢺ
ࢆෆ㒊࡛ྜᡂࡋ࡚㸪GUV ࡢ⬡㉁⭷ࢆ኱つᶍ࡟ኚᙧࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ
[20]㸬
ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ㞟ྜࡍࡿศ⿣㉳ⅬࢆつᐃࡍࡿศᏊࢭࢵࢺࡢ෌ᵓᡂ⣔ࡸ㸪⬡㉁ศᏊ⮬యࡢྜᡂࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ⣔ࡢ෌ᵓᡂࡀ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆ↓⣽⬊ྜᡂ࡛ᡂຌ
ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ჾࡢ」〇཯ᛂࡣᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ㸪㑇ఏᏊࡢ」〇࡜࢝ࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢࡀ࡜ࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡔࢁ࠺㸬ศ⿣ࡍࡿேᕤ⣽⬊ࡢ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉ᪉ᘧ࡛ࡢ᏶ᡂ࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪⇚Ⅿ࡞➇தࡀ㟼࠿࡟⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⊂❧ࡋࡓᑠ⬊ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪MEMS ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠕ㛤࠸ࡓࠖࣔࢹࣝࡶ㐍Ṍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊⭷ࢆ㈞ࡗࡓࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮࡟㸪እ⭷ࢆ๤ࡀࡋࡓ኱⭠⳦ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏ࡚ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢵࢻேᕤ≀࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ⣔[21]ࡶ㸪ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⏕࿨࡜≀㉁ࡢ㛫ࢆᇙࡵ࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேᕤ⣽⬊ࡢ◊✲ࡣᅜෆእၥ
ࢃࡎ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ 2005 ᖺ࡟ࠕ⣽⬊ࢆ๰ࡿࠖ◊✲఍ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ [http://www.jscsr.org]㸬⡿ᅜ࡟ࡣ CVI ࡀ࠶ࡿ௚㸪 Build-a-cell ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟ
ࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡶ㉮ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ BaSyC (Building a➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡Synthetic Cell)࡜࠸࠺኱ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ㉮ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶ඲㛗ࢤࣀ࣒ࢆసࡾ౑࠺ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ㉮ࡾጞࡵ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲࡜ࡢࣜࣥࢡࡀᚅࡓࢀࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊䛸 㻰㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊㻌᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᇶ♏ᢏ⾡ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡜㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡢ⼥ྜ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡼ࠺㸬ᰗ⃝ࡽࡣ㸪Ymotif DNA ࢆෆໟࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ㞟ྜࡋ࡚⭷⾲㠃࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࢱ࢖ࣝࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⿬
ᡴࡕᵓ㐀ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ⭷ࢆᙉ໬ࡋࡓ[22]㸬ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞⣔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ከ⏣㝮ࡽࡣ㸪 DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟ RNA ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ࡜㸪ࢱࣥࣃ
ࢡ㉁ࢆࢥ࣮ࢻࡋࡓ DNA 㓄ิࢆ㐺ษ࡞఩⨨࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢳࢵࣉ㸦ᅗ 3a㸧ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ[23]㸬
ࡇࡢࢳࢵࣉࢆ↓⣽⬊ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁Ⓨ⌧⁐ᾮ࡟ຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬ࡑࡢⓎ⌧ຠ⋡ࡣ㌿෗ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸦ᕥ㸧࡜㑇ఏᏊ㸦ྑ㸧࡜ࡢ㊥㞳 D ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚␗࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢳࢵࣉࢭࢵࢺࢆ w/o ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺෆ㒊࡟ᑟධࡋ࡚ാ࠿ࡏࡿࡇ
࡜㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ DNA ࣟࢪࢵࢡࢤ࣮ࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ≉ᐃࡢ miRNA ࡢࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ.

ᕝ㔝࣭℧ࣀୖࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆෆⶶࡋࡓேᕤ⣽⬊ࠕࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖࡢᴫᛕᅗࡀᅗ 3b ࡛࠶ࡿ[24]㸬DNA ᅇ㊰࡛ AND ₇⟬ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ฟຊࡉࢀࡓ RNA ศᏊࡀ⬡㉁⭷ୖࡢࢼࣀ⣽Ꮝࢆ㏱㐣ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㟁Ẽ໬Ꮫィ࡟ࡼࡗ᳨࡚ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᅗ 3c)ࡣ㸪Chen ࡽࡢሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸪እ㒊ࡢࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ⃰ᗘୖ᪼࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢩࣗࣜࣥࢆศἪࡍࡿࠕ⢾ᒀ⑓ᑐ⟇ࠖேᕤ⣽⬊ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ[25]㸬
࢖ࣥࢩࣗࣜࣥࢆෆໟࡋࡓᑠ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒⾲㠃࡟ PEG ࡀ DNA ࡢ I-motif ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚⤖ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬኱࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆࡢ pH ୖ᪼࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚ I-motif ࡀ๤ࡀࢀࡿ࡜㸪ᑠ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ⭷ࡀ኱࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ⭷࡜⼥ྜࡋ࡚እ㒊࡟࢖ࣥࢩࣗࣜࣥࢆᨺฟ
ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ 3d)ࡣ㸪బ⸨ࡽࡢ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ [26] GUV ࡢ⬡㉁⭷࡜㸪࢟ࢿࢩࣥ㸦࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㸧࡜ࢆ DNA ศᏊࡢࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ྜ/ศ㞳ࡉࡏࡿࠕศᏊࢡࣛࢵࢳࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪೵Ṇ࣮ࣔࢻ㸦ᕥ㸧࡜㐠ື࣮ࣔࢻ㸦ྑ㸧࡜ࡀษࡾ᭰ࢃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ヲ⣽ࡣู㡯┠ࡢࢥ࣒ࣛࢆཧ
↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸬
䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌 DNA ࡶ⬡㉁⭷ࡶ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡶ⣽⬊ࡶ⏕≀ࡶ㸪ே㛫ࡀゐࢀࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾᕤసࡀ
ྍ⬟࡞ᐇయ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ⏕࿨㸪࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊ࡀ⏕࿨ࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ࡟ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺㸽ࡇࢀࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣ࡜࡚

䠎䠊䠍㻌 ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇ࡶទࡋ࠸ࡀ㸪ேᕤ≀ࡀ⏕࿨ࡢࢧࣈࢭࢵࢺ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡣே㢮ࡢᕤసᢏ⾡ࡶࡲࡔࡲࡔ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬≀⌮Ꮫ⪅ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭ࣇ࢓࢖࣐ࣥࡣࠕṑ㌴ࡀჶ
ࡳྜࡗ࡚ᅇࡿᵝᏊࢆゝⴥ࡛ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ࠿࠸㸽ࠖ࡜ၥ࠺ࡓ㸬ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃࡢᕤᏛ㸪ゝⴥ࡛ᙧᐜࡋ㞴࠸ࡶࡢࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊࡜ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡ
ࢫࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᮦᩱࡢ஫᥮ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉ࡜㸪ศᏊࢆࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ാ࠿ࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺┠ⓗࡢ᰿ᖿ࡟࠾࠸࡚┦ᛶࡢⰋ࠸◊✲ศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡶ஫࠸࡟่⃭ࡋྜࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫၥࡢ᭱ඛ➃ࢆษࡾᣅ࠸࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺㸬ᅗ 3 DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓேᕤ⣽⬊ࣔࢹࣝࡢ౛
a) DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡓ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢳࢵࣉ (Adapted with permission from [23]. Copyright© 2018, Springer Nature㸬). b) DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆෆⶶࡋࡓேᕤ⣽⬊ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦Adapted withpermission from [24]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.㸧㸬c) ࢖ࣥࢩࣗࣜࣥศἪேᕤ⣽⬊ࣔࢹࣝ㸦Adapted with permission from [25], Copyright © 2017, Springer Nature㸧㸬d) బ⸨ࡽࡢ࢔࣓
࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸦Adapted with permission from [26]. Copyright © 2017, American Association for
the Advancement of Science㸧㸬ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮ࡣ 10 μm㸬

[1] ᳜⏣඘⨾ ┘ಟࠕேᕤ⣽⬊ࡢ๰〇࡜ࡑࡢᛂ⏝ࠖCMC ฟ∧,2017 ࡞࡝[2] ⛅ྜྷ୍ᡂࡽ⦅㞟ࠕ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ᛂ⏝ࡢ᪂ᒎ㛤ࠖ㸪NTS㸪2005 ࡞࡝➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡[3] Gibson, D. et al. , Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a ChemicallySynthesized Genome, Science 329, 52, 2010.
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Principles for Drug Therapy”, Oxford University Press, 2001 ࡞࡝㸬[10] Fujiwara, K. et al., Reconstitution of intracellular environments in vitro and in
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[15] Yu, W. E. I. et al., Synthesis of functional protein in liposome. Journal of
bioscience and bioengineering, 92(6), 590-593, 2001; Nomura, S. I. M. et al., Gene
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andcellularcytosolicdeliveryliposomes. Biomaterials, 30(23-24), 3971-3977, 2009.

withconnexin-expressing䠎䠊䠍㻌 ேᕤ⣽⬊◊✲䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇[17] Uyeda, A. et al., T Construction of an in Vitro Gene Screening System of the E.
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㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ 㔝ᮧ M. ៅ୍㑻㸧䠎䠊䠎㻌 䛂䜰䝯䞊䝞ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛃㻌 」ᩘࡢศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡘࡲࡾ୍㐃ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒
࡜ࡋ࡚ືసࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡭἲࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽୍⯡ⓗ࡞㔠ᒓᮦᩱ࡛సࡽࢀࡓࢭࣥࢳ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡸ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᶵᲔࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪┠ࡢ๓࡟࠶ࡿ㒊ရࢆ┠࡛ぢ࡚⤌ࡳࡓ࡚㓄⥺ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ືసࡍࡿࡔࢁ
࠺㸬୍᪉㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡀ┠࡟ぢ࠼࡞࠸ศᏊࡢࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࢀ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ࡤ࡝࠺ࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ࠺ࡲࡃタィࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣࢩ
ࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ືసࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪సࡾ㎸ࢇࡔࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ⩌ࡀヨ㦂⟶ࡢ୰࡛ΰࡐྜࢃࡉࢀࡓ᫬࡟࠺ࡲࡃࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆືసࡉࡏࡓ࠸⎔ቃ㸦౛࠼ࡤయෆ㸧࡟ゎࡁᨺࡗࡓ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡣ
ࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡾ㸪ᮃࡳࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬࡛ࡣ㸪࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬⣽⬊ࢆศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢぢᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪⣽⬊⭷ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⿄≧ࡢᵓ㐀ࡢ୰࡟ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ⩌ࢆᑒධࡋ㸪ࠕእ㒊ࡢ⎔ቃ࡜⮬ᕫࢆ㝸࡚ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᡭẁࡣ᭷ຠ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬 ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿࠕ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪ேᕤ⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ᑠ⬊㸦࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸧ࡢ୰࡟ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡀ⤫ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ⥲⛠࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪༢ศᏊᆺࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ>@࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ」ᩘࡢศᏊࢹࣂ
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ࢿࢩࣥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᚤᑠ⟶ࢆື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࡣࣔࢸ࢕ࣜࢸ࢕࢔ࢵࢭ
࢖㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢢࣛ࢖ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࢔ࢵࢭ࢖㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡸ࣑࢜ࢩࣥ࡞࡝ࡢ
࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ᖜᗈࡃά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬࢔䠎䠊䠎㻌 䛂䜰䝯䞊䝞ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛃࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ㸪࢟ࢿࢩࣥࢆ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆഃ⭷ୖ࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡑࡢୖࢆᚤᑠ⟶ࡀືࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᚤᑠ⟶ࡀ⭷ࢆᢲࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ኚᙧࡍࡿ
タィ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯G㸧㸬 ࡑࡋ࡚㸪⬡㉁⭷ୖ࡬ࡢ࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡢᒁᅾࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡢࡀศᏊࢡࣛࢵࢳࡢᙺ๭࡛
࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯H㸪I㸧㸬࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡣࣅ࢜
ࢳ࡛ࣥᶆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣅ࢜ࢳࣥѸ࢔ࣅࢪࣥ⤖ྜࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࣅ࢜ࢳࣥᶆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓ
'1$ ࡜」ྜయ㸪ࠕ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࣘࢽࢵࢺࠖࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆഃ⭷ୖ࡟ࡣ㸪␯ỈศᏊ㸦ࢥࣞࢫࢸ࣮ࣟࣝ㸧ࡀಟ㣭ࡉࢀࡓ '1$ ࡜㸪ࡑࢀࡽ  ࡘࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ
࣮ࣜࣥ࢝'1$ ࠿ࡽᡂࡿࠕ࢔࣮ࣥ࢝ࣘࢽࢵࢺࠖࡀഛ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࢔࣮ࣥ࢝
ࣘࢽࢵࢺ࡜࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࣘࢽࢵࢺࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࢆᣢࡘ '1$㸦ࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮'1$㸧
࡟ࡼࡾ⤖ྜࡉࢀ㸪⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡀ⭷ୖ࡟࢔࣮ࣥ࢝ࡉࢀࡿ㸬࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡀ࢔
࣮ࣥ࢝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡀᚤᑠ⟶ࢆື࠿ࡍຊࡀ⭷࡟ఏࢃࡿ㸪࠸ࢃࡤࢡࣛࢵࢳࡀ 21 ࡢ≧ែ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮'1$ ࡟ࡣ㊊ࡀ࠿ࡾ㓄ิࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣘࢽࢵࢺ࡝࠺ࡋࡢ⤖ྜࡣ㸪ูࡢ␗࡞ࡿ '1$㸦࣮ࣜࣜࢧ࣮'1$㸧࡜ࡢ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾゎ㝖ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢຊࡀ⭷࡟ఏࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࢡࣛࢵࢳࡀ 2)) ࡢ≧ែ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬௨ୖࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪ࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮'1$࡜࣮ࣜࣜࢧ࣮'1$ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀಙྕศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚ධຊࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡢ⭷ୖ࡬ࡢᒁᅾ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡢຊࡢ⭷࡬ࡢఏ㐩ࢆษࡾ᭰࠼㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ඲
యࡢኚᙧ೵Ṇࢆไᚚྍ⬟࡞タィ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⣽⬊ࢧ࢖ࢬ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࢆస〇ࡍࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᡭἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿἜ୰Ỉ⁲⏺㠃㏻㐣ἲ>@ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ㄪ〇ࡋࡓ㸬࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡸ '1$㸪⇞ᩱ࡜࡞ࡿ $73 ࡞࡝✀ࠎࡢศᏊࢆ㐺ษ࡞㡰ᗎ㸪㐺ษ࡞⃰ᗘ࡛ΰྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
⫢せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒⭷ࡢ⤌ᡂࡶ㔜せ࡞࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⬡㉁⭷࡛ࡣྛࠎࡢ⬡㉁ศᏊࡣὶືⓗ࡟஫࠸࡟ሙᡤࢆධࢀ᭰࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡣ‶ဨ㟁㌴ࡢ୰ࢆேࠎࡀ⛣ືࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ⬡㉁⭷ࡢὶືᛶࡀ⬡㉁⭷ୖࡢ࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡀᚤᑠ⟶ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃື࠿ࡍୖ࡛㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬స〇ᡭ㡰ࡸ⭷ࡢὶືᛶࡢᐤ୚ࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᩥ⊩>@ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸬ศᏊࢡࣛࢵࢳࡢᶵ⬟ࡣ㸪ಙྕ '1$ ศᏊࢆ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵෆໟࡍࡿࡇ࡜᳨࡛ドࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᅗ  ࡣࢡࣛࢵࢳࡀ 212)) ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≧ែ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆඹ↔Ⅼ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛᧜ᙳࡋࡓ㐃⥆⏬ീ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢡࣛࢵࢳࡀ 21 ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮'1$ࡢࡳࡀ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺෆ㒊࡟ຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢡࣛࢵࢳࡀ 2)) ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮㸪࣮ࣜࣜࢧ࣮'1$ ୧᪉ࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㢧ᚤ㙾⏬ീ࡟♧➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢡࣛࢵࢳࡀ 21 ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ᚤᑠ⟶ࡀ⭷ୖ࡟ᒁᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࢔࣓࣮ࣂ⣽⬊ࡉ࡞ࡀࡽ࡟㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ኚᙧࡋ⥆ࡅࡿᵝᏊࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ D㸧㸬୍᪉㸪ࢡࣛࢵࢳࡀ 2)) ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ୸࠸ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡾ㸦୍⯡ⓗ࡟࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡣ⌫ᙧ≧ࡀᏳᐃ㸧㸪ኚᙧࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ E㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢኚᙧ㟼Ṇࡣ㸪ࢡࣛࢵࢳࡢ 212)) ࡢษࡾ᭰࠼࡟ࡼࡾ
ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮࣮ࣜࣜࢧ࣮'1$ ࢆኚᙧᅗ㸯 ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢタィD㸪E ศᏊࣟ࣎࡜඲యࡢᶍᘧᅗ㸬 FG ⬡㉁⭷㏆ഐࡢᣑ኱ᶍᘧᅗ㸬 HI ศᏊࢡࣛࢵࢳࡢᶍᘧ
ᅗ㸬࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡢᕳࡃୖ࡬ࡢᒁᅾࢆ '1$ ศᏊಙྕ㸦ࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮࣮ࣜࣜࢧ࣮'1$㸧࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ษࡾ᭰
࠼ࡿ㸬㸦5HSULQWHGIRUP6FLHQFH5RERWLFV>@㸧䠎䠊䠎㻌 䛂䜰䝯䞊䝞ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛃୰ࡸ㟼Ṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ධຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ኚᙧ≧ែ࠿ࡽ㟼Ṇ≧ែ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㟼Ṇ≧ែ࠿ࡽኚᙧ≧ែ࡬࡜㸪ಙྕࡢධຊ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ
᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ⁐ᾮ࡟㸪༢࡟ಙྕ '1$ ⁐ᾮࢆຍ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢෆ㒊࡟ࡣࡑࡢಙྕࡣᒆ࠿࡞࠸㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪'1$ ࡀ⬡㉁⭷ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢෆ㒊࡟ࡣࠕගᛂ⟅ᛶ '1$ ಙྕࠖࡀᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᅗ㸰 ࢡࣛࢵࢳ 212)) ᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㢧ᚤ㙾⏬ീD ࢡࣛࢵࢳ 21 ᫬ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸬ⓑ୕ゅᙧࡣ㸪⭷ୖ࡟ᒁᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚤᑠ⟶ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬 E ࢡࣛࢵࢳ 2)) ᫬ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸬ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮㸸wP ᮏ⠇࡟࠾ࡅࡿගᛂ⟅ᛶ '1$ ࡜ࡣ㸪⣸እග㸦Ἴ㛗  QP㸧࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ษ᩿
཯ᛂࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ SKRWRFOHDYDEOH ࢫ࣮࣌ࢧ࣮㸦3& ࢫ࣮࣌ࢧ࣮㸧>@ࡀ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ
ࡓ '1$ ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍ㸬ගᛂ⟅ᛶ '1$ ಙྕࡣ࣊࢔ࣆࣥᙧ≧ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⣸እගࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿ๓࡟ࡣಙྕ࡜࡞ࡿሷᇶ㓄ิ㒊ศࡀそࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ D㸧㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪⣸እගࡢ↷ᑕᚋ࡟ࡣಙྕ㓄ิࢆそࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㒊ศࡀ᩿∦໬ࡋ๤ࡀࢀ㸪ಙྕ㓄ิࡀ⌧ࢀࡿタィ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ E㸧㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࡇࡢගᛂ⟅ᛶ '1$ ಙྕࢆ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌ
ࡵศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ෆໟࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪ගࡢ↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾࣟ࣎ࢵࢺෆ㒊࡟ಙྕ'1$ ศᏊࢆධຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࢡࣛࢵࢳࢆ 21 ࠿ࡽ 2)) ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡓࡵ
ࡢ㸪ࠕගᛂ⟅ᛶ࣮ࣜࣜࢧ࣮'1$ࠖ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ 2)) ࠿ࡽ 21 ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕග
ᛂ⟅ᛶࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮'1$ࠖࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ኚᙧᣲືࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀගࡢ↷ᑕᚋ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕಙྕ '1$ ࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ධຊ
ࡉࢀࡓᚋ࡟ኚᙧࢆ೵Ṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪㟼Ṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀኚᙧࢆ
㛤ጞࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐇドࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ FG㸧㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ಙྕࡢධຊ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢡࢳࣗ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡࢚࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢไᚚࡲ࡛ࡀ⟂యෆ୍࡛㐃ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉ࡜࿧ࡪ࡭ࡁேᕤ≀ࡀᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᪤Ꮡᢏ⾡ࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࠕᅵྎࠖࡀࡦ࡜ࡓࡧ࡛ࡁୖࡀࢀࡤ㸪ࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉ࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞Ⓨᒎࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ
ኚᙧЍ㟼ṆЍኚᙧЍ͐ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྍ㏫ⓗ࡞ษࡾ᭰࠼ไᚚࡣᐇド࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪࢔ࢰ࣋ࣥࢮࣥಟ㣭 '1$>@ࡸ FQY. ಟ㣭 '1$>@࡞࡝ࢆศᏊࢡࣛࢵࢳ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛㸪ගࡢἼ㛗࡟ᛂࡌࡓྍ㏫ⓗ࡞ᣲືࡢไᚚࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ᅗ  ගᛂ⟅ᛶ '1$ ಙྕࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ
ኚᙧ㟼Ṇࡢษࡾ᭰࠼ไᚚ
D ගᛂ⟅ᛶ࣮ࣜࣜࢧ࣮'1$ ࡜ E ࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮'1$ ࡢᶍᘧᅗ㸬 F ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿኚᙧ≧ែ࠿ࡽ㟼Ṇ≧ែ࡬ࡢษࡾ᭰࠼࡜ G 㟼Ṇ≧ែ࠿ࡽኚᙧ≧ែ࡬ࡢษࡾ᭰࠼ࡢ㢧ᚤ㙾⏬
ീ㸬W V ᫬࡟⣸እගࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟↷ᑕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⏬ീ୰ࡢⓑ୕ゅᙧࡣ㸪⭷ୖ࡟ᒁᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚤᑠ⟶ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮㸸wP㸦5HSULQWHGIRUP6FLHQFH5RERWLFV
>@㸬୍㒊ᨵኚ㸧䠎䠊䠎㻌 䛂䜰䝯䞊䝞ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛃࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪௵ពࡢᏍᚄࢆᣢࡘேᕤࢼࣀ࣏࢔>@ࢆ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒⭷࡟ᑟධࡍࢀ
ࡤ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣእ㒊⎔ቃ࡟࠶ࡿศᏊࢆ┤᥋ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬ࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶ '1$ ࡢ཯ᛂࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᝟ሗฎ⌮ᶵ⬟ࡢྥୖࡸ>
@㸪᮰໬ࡋࡓᚤᑠ⟶ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㧗ฟຊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡢᐇ⿦>@࡞࡝ᯛᣲ࡟࠸
࡜ࡲࡀ࡞࠸㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪෾⤖ಖᏑࡋ⼥ゎࡋࡓ࠶࡜ࡶ
ኚᙧᶵ⬟ࢆᣢ⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪෭෾ಖᏑࡋࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ㍺㏦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬஦ᐇ㸪ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ࡬㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪ゎ෾㸦෌㉳ືᚋ㸧࡟ኚᙧᣲືࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ぢࡏࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸧㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ྛ◊✲⪅ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀタィ࣭㛤ⓎࡋࡓศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆᐇᶵ࡟࢖ࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࢸࢫࢺࡍࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࣔࢹࣝᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢά⏝ࡢ㐨ࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ  ෾⤖ᚋ࡟㍺㏦ࡉࢀ㸪ゎ෾ᚋ࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ
ኚᙧᣲືࡢ㐃⥆⏬ീ㸬⏬ീࡣྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ℧ཱྀ㔠࿃ㅮᖌ㸪ᯘ┿ே༤ኈ㸦⌧㸸⌮໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ◊✲ဨ㸧ࡼࡾᥦ౪㸬 ᵝࠎ࡞Ⓨᒎࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⌧≧᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᶵ⬟ࡣኚᙧࡢ㛤ጞ೵Ṇࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪༶ᗙ࡟ᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞ᛂ⏝࡬࡜㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿ௦≀࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࡀ࡛ࡁୖࡀࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ಟṇࢆ᳨ウ࡛ࡁࡿẁ㝵࡬࡜ࠕ㛤Ⓨࠖࡢࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࡣ୍ẁୖࡀࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ேࢆᶍࡋࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㛤ⓎࡢṔྐ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᖹᆠ࡞ᗋࢆ஧㊊࡛Ṍࡃ࡜࠸࠺ே㛫࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤᴟࡵ࡚༢⣧࡞ືࡁࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡳ࡟ὀຊࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ>@㸬୙Ᏻᐃ࠿ࡘ
㐜࠸㏿ᗘ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ஧㊊Ṍ⾜ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡀ㸪ே㛫ࡢ⿵ຓࢆࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ
ᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆഛ࠼ࡓே㛫ᆺࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ>@ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡬࡜⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࡀࡑࡢᐇែࢆᚓࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ኱
ࡁ࡞୍Ṍࡔࢁ࠺㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡀᚑ᮶ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛ࡜ྠᵝࡢṔྐࢆ㎺ࡿ
࡜ࡶ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪࢔࣓࣮ࣂᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ㋃ࡳฟࡋࡓ㸦ኚᙧࡋࡓ㸧࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࣟࢺࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ୍Ṍࡣ㸪௒ᚋࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᒎ㛤࡬࡜⧅ࡀࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࡶࡢ࡜ᮇᚅ࡛
ࡁࡿ㸬



➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡

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䠎䠊䠎㻌 䛂䜰䝯䞊䝞ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛃[16] R. Kawamura et al., Microtubule bundle formation driven by ATP: the effect ofconcentrations of kinesin, streptavidin and microtubules, Nanotechnology, 21,145603, 2010.
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㸦ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ బ⸨భ௓㸧㻌㻌䠎䠊䠏㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛸✵㛫䜢ά⏝䛩䜛ศᏊ䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾㻌㻌䝉䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁㻌ࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣ㸪ከ⣽⬊⏕≀࡟ゐⓎࡉࢀࡓィ⟬ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ>@㸬ྛࠎࡢ᱁ᏊⅬ࡟ࢭࣝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ≧ែᶵᲔࡀ⨨࠿ࢀࡿ㸬ྛ≧ែᶵᲔࡣ㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ≧ែ࡜㸪㞄᥋ࡍࡿ᱁ᏊⅬࡢ≧ែᶵᲔࡢ≧ែ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ḟࡢ≧ែࢆᐃࡵࡿ㸬≉࡟ྠᮇⓗ࡞ࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺ࡛ࣥࡣ㸪ྛ≧ែᶵᲔࡣྠ᫬࡟ࡑࡢ≧ែࢆ㑄⛣ࡉࡏࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒ࡣྠᮇⓗࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢ㧗ྡ࡞౛࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒࡛ࡣṇ᪉᱁Ꮚࡢ᱁ᏊⅬ࡟  ࡲࡓࡣ  ࡢ≧ែࢆᣢࡘࢭࣝࡀ୪࡭ࡽࢀ
ࡿ㸬㞄᥋ࡍࡿ᱁ᏊⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ୖୗᕥྑࡢⅬ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᩳࡵ᪉ྥࡢᅄࡘࡢⅬࡀ⪃៖ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
୍⯡࡟㸪㞄᥋ࡍࡿ᱁ᏊⅬࡢ㞟ྜࢆ㏆ഐ࡜࿧ࡪ㸬ୖୗᕥྑࡢᅄࡘࡢ᱁ᏊⅬ࠿ࡽ
ᡂࡿ㏆ഐࡣࣀ࢖࣐ࣥ㏆ഐ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ᩳࡵ᪉ྥࡶྵࡵ࡚ඵࡘࡢ᱁ᏊⅬ࠿ࡽᡂࡿᅗ  ࣒࣮࢔㏆ഐ࡜ࣀ࢖࣐ࣥ㏆ഐ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡㏆ഐࡣ࣒࣮࢔㏆ഐ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬ṇ᪉᱁Ꮚࡢሙྜ㸪ྛ᱁ᏊⅬࡢࢭࣝࡣṇ᪉ᙧ࡛⾲♧ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢⰍ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≧ែࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡛ࡣ㸪㯮࠸ࢭࣝࡢ㏆ഐࡢࢭࣝࡀ⅊Ⰽ࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㻌䝷䜲䝣䝀䞊䝮㻌
ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒࡛ࡣ㸪≧ែ  ࡣࢭࣝࡀṚࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡋ㸪≧ែ  ࡣࢭࣝࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪࣒࣮࢔㏆ഐࡢࡶ࡜࡛㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ྛࢭࣝ
ࡣḟࡢ≧ែࢆᐃࡵࡿ>@㸬࣭⌧ᅾࡢ≧ែࡀ  ࡛࠶ࡿࢭࣝࡣ㸪㞄᥋ࡍࡿࢭ࡛ࣝ≧ែ  ࡢࡶࡢࡀ஧ಶ࠿୕ಶ
࡛࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪≧ែ  ࡟㑄⛣ࡍࡿ㸬࣭⌧ᅾࡢ≧ែࡀ  ࡛࠶ࡿࢭࣝࡣ㸪㞄᥋ࡍࡿࢭ࡛ࣝ≧ែ  ࡢࡶࡢࡀ୍ಶ௨ୗࡲ
ࡓࡣ㸪ᅄಶ௨ୖ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪 ࡟㑄⛣ࡍࡿ࣭௨ୖࡢሙྜ௨እ㸪≧ែࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ᅗ  ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢢࣛ࢖ࢲ࣮࡜࿧ࡪࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢኚ໬ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≧ែ  ࡢࢭࣝࡣ㯮㸪≧ែ  ࡢࢭࣝࡣⓑ࡛⾲♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ୖᕥᅗࡢ≧ἣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛࢭࣝࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣ࡀ㸪ୖ୰ᅗ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㉥࠸ࢭࣝࡣ≧ែ  ࠿ࡽ  ࡬㑄⛣ࡍࡿࢭ࡛ࣝ
࠶ࡾ㸪㟷࠸ࢭࣝࡣ≧ែ  ࠿ࡽ  ࡬㑄⛣ࡍࡿࢭ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௚ࡢࢭࣝࡢ≧ែࡣኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸㸬ྠᮇⓗ࡞㑄⛣ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀୖྑᅗ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ୖྑᅗ࡜ྠࡌࣃࢱ
࣮ࣥࡀୗᕥᅗ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ྠᵝ࡟ࡑࡢ㑄⛣ࡀୗ୰ᅗ㸪㑄⛣ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀୗྑᅗ
࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ㑄⛣ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ྑୗ᪉ྥ࡟⛣ືࡍࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪 ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡈ࡜࡟㸪ྑ࡟  ࢭࣝ㸪ୗ࡟  ࢭࣝࡎࡘ㐍ࡴ㸬ᅗ  ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒
䠎䠊䠏㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛸✵㛫䜢ά⏝䛩䜛ศᏊ䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾 ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒ࡢ㑄⛣つ๎࡛ࡣ㸪ࢭࣝࡢḟࡢ≧ែࡀ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ែ㸪㏆ഐࢭࣝࡢ࠺
ࡕ≧ែ  ࡟࠶ࡿࢭࣝࡢᩘ㸪㏆ഐࢭࣝࡢ࠺ࡕ≧ែ  ࡟࠶ࡿࢭࣝࡢᩘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃ
ࡲࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㏆ഐࢭࣝࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ࡣ౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㑄⛣つ๎ࡣእ㒊⥲࿴๎࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒࡛ࡣ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟」㞧࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆ࿊ࡍࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᩘከࡃⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ྛ✀ࡢィ⟬࣭᝟ሗฎ⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟㸪ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡸࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢᶵᲔࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬ࡇࡢព࿡࡛㸪ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒ࡣィ⟬୓⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁㻌ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡜ࡣ㸪ࢤࣝቨ࡜཯ᛂ⁐ᾮ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⿦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚㸪ྛ✀ࡢไ⣙ࢆㄢࡋࡓࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒ࡣ㸪ࢭࣝࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣ࡀ㏆ഐࢭࣝࡢ᪉ྥ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ไ⣙ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺ࡛ࣥࡣ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ྛ✀ࡢไ⣙ࡀㄢࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢไ⣙࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ๓࡟㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢᐇ⿦᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⡆༢࡟⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ㸦ヲ⣽ࡣ㸰㸬㸲⠇ࢆཧ↷㸧㸬ᅗ  ࡢᕥ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪୍ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࡣࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟➼ࡢࢤ࡛ࣝసࡗࡓ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢ୰࡟ '1$ ➼ࡢ཯ᛂ⁐ᾮࢆᾐ₶ࡉࡏࡿ㸬᭷ᮧࡓࡕ࡟ࡼࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࡢᾮ⁲ࢆ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘⁐ᾮ࡟㐺ษ࡞᫬㛫ࡔࡅᾐࡍࡇ
࡜࡟ࡼࡾࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆసᡂࡋࡓᚋ㸪እ࠿ࡽ཯ᛂ⁐ᾮࢆᑒධࡍࡿ㸬࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࡢᾮ⁲࡟࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣅ࣮ࢬࢆᠱ⃮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ୰࡟࣐࢖ࢡ
ࣟࣅ࣮ࢬࢆᤄධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬እ࠿ࡽᾐ₶ࡋࡓ཯ᛂ⁐ᾮ୰ࡢศᏊࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣅ࣮ࢬ࡟ᅛᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡣࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝෆ࡟␃ࡲࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௚ࡢศᏊࡸ
⁐ᾮࡢ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓศᏊࡣ㸪ࢤࣝቨࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚㞄᥋ࡍࡿࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ
࡟ᣑᩓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ᅗ  ࡢᮧ⏣ࡓࡕࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪⢭ᐦ㔠ᆺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᚤᑠ࡞✰ࡢ㛤࠸ࡓ࢔ࣝࢠ
ࣥ㓟ࢤࣝሢࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ᚤᑠ✰࡟཯ᛂ⁐ᾮࢆὀධࡍࡿ㸬཯ᛂ⁐ᾮ୰ࡢศᏊࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪࢔࣮ࣥ࢝ศᏊ㸦ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ࣏ࣜ࢔ࢡࣜࣝ࢔࣑ࢻ㸧ࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢࡣࢤࣝቨ୰
ࢆᣑᩓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡢ௚ࡢศᏊࡸ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓศᏊࡣ㸪ࢤࣝቨ୰ࢆᣑ
ᩓࡋ࡚㞄᥋ࡍࡿᚤᑠ✰࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᪉ἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㞄᥋ࡍࡿࢭࣝࡢ≧ែࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࢭࣝ࠿ࡽᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
฿㐩ࡍࡿศᏊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᏊࢆಙྕศᏊ࡜࿧ࡪࡇ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡࡜࡟ࡍࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ྛࢭࣝࡣ⮬ศࡢ≧ែࢆ⾲ࡍಙྕศᏊࢆᖖ࡟⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ಙྕศᏊࡣࢤࣝቨ୰ࢆᣑᩓࡋ࡚㞄᥋ࢭࣝ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿ㸬ྛࢭࣝࡣಙྕศᏊࢆཷࡅ
ྲྀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㞄᥋ࢭࣝࡢ≧ែࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢᐇ⿦᪉ἲ
࡞࠾㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣヲࡋࡃࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ⴗ㇂ࡓࡕࡣࢤࣝቨࡢ㛤㛢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ィ⟬࣭᝟ሗฎ⌮ࡸࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᙧᡂࢆ⾜࠺ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡶᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛾ไ⣙㻌 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ⿦᪉ἲࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ไ⣙ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㠀ྠᮇᛶ㸸ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒࡞࡝ࡢࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣྠᮇⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྛࢭࣝࡀ୍ᩧ࡟ࡑࡢ≧ែࢆ㑄⛣ࡉࡏࡿࡀ㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢሙྜࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ཯ᛂ⁐ᾮࢆ᏶඲࡟ྠᮇࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ྠᮇⓗ࡞≧ែ㑄⛣ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡞࠸ࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬 ⥲࿴ᛶ㸸ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒࡛ࡣࢭࣝࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣ࡣ㸪㞄᥋ࡍࡿࢭࣝࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ྛࠎࡢ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࢭࣝࡢᩘࡔࡅ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ࡣ౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸㸬ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺ
࡛ࣥࡶࡇࡢᛶ㉁ࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㞄᥋ࢭࣝࡢ≧ែࡣಙྕศᏊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪㞄᥋ࡍࡿࢭࣝࡢ᪉ྥࡲ࡛ࡣࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ಙྕศᏊࡢ㔞࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ྛࠎࡢ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ㞄᥋ࢭࣝࡢᩘࢆ᥎ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ࣈ࣮ࣝ⥲࿴ᛶ㸸ࡇࡢไ⣙ࡣ㸪⥲࿴ᛶࢆࡉࡽ࡟ไ㝈ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ಙྕศᏊࡢ㔞ࡣྛ✀ࡢ᮲௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚືࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ㔞࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㞄᥋ࢭࣝࡢᩘࢆṇ☜䠎䠊䠏㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛸✵㛫䜢ά⏝䛩䜛ศᏊ䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾


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࡟᥎

ࡍࡿࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣈ࣮ࣝ⥲࿴ᛶࡣ㸪ࢭࣝࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣ࡀ㸪㞄᥋ࢭࣝࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ྛࠎࡢ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࢭࣝࡢ᭷↓ࡔࡅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃࡲ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆせㄳࡍࡿ㸬㠀㏞ᙬᛶ㸸㠀㏞ᙬᛶࡣ㸪ࣈ࣮ࣝ⥲࿴ᛶࢆࡉࡽ࡟ไ㝈ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྛࢭࣝࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢ≧ែࢆ⾲ࡍಙྕศᏊࢆ⏕ᡂࡋᣑᩓࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᝿ᐃࡍࡿ㸬࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ྛࢭࣝࡢ㞄᥋ࢭࣝࡀ⮬ศ࡜ྠࡌ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪⮬ศ࡜ྠࡌಙྕศᏊࢆ⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ྛࢭࣝ࡟ࡣ⮬ศࡢ≧ែ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿಙྕศᏊࡀ‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࡛㸪㞄᥋ࢭࣝ࠿ࡽྠࡌศᏊࡀᣑᩓࡋ࡚᮶࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࢭࣝࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣ࡣ㸪㞄᥋ࢭࣝࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪⮬ศ࡜ྠࡌ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࢭࣝ
࡟ࡣ౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀせㄳࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢせㄳࡀ㠀㏞ᙬᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬≧ែࡢᑡ࡞ࡉ࣭≧ែศᒱࡢᑡ࡞ࡉ㸸ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺ࡛ࣥࡣ㸪཯ᛂ⁐ᾮࡢ≧ែ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢭࣝࡢ≧ែࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪」ᩘࡢᏳᐃ≧ែࢆᣢࡘ཯ᛂ⣔ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ྛᏳᐃ≧ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚㧗⃰ᗘ࡛⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿศᏊࡀ㸪ಙྕศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸬࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞཯ᛂ⣔ࢆᐇ⿦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪3(1'1$WRROER[ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ>@㸬3(1'1$WRROER[
࡛ࡣ㸪஧≧ែࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪」ᩘࡢᏳᐃ≧ែࢆᣢࡘ཯ᛂ⣔ࡀᐇ⿦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞཯ᛂ⣔ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢭࣝࡢ≧ែࡢᩘࡣᑡ࡞࠸᪉ࡀ
ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢭࣝ㛫ࡢ㑄⛣㛵ಀࡶ༢⣧࡞᪉ࡀࡼ࠸㸬ࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪≧ែ㑄⛣ࡢศᒱࡣᑡ࡞࠸᪉ࡀࡼ࠸㸬ᅗ  ㏞㊰ࡢࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ
 ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ᅗ  ࡟࠶ࡿ㏞㊰ࢆゎࡃࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣ⥲࿴ᛶࢆ‶ࡓࡍ㠀ྠᮇࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛾䝏䝳䞊䝸䞁䜾ィ⟬୓⬟ᛶ㻌☾ᕝࡓࡕࡣ㸪⥲࿴ᛶࢆ‶ࡓࡍ㠀ྠᮇⓗࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡀࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢィ⟬୓⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ>@㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⥲࿴ᛶࢆ‶ࡓࡍ㠀ྠᮇⓗࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ
࣐ࢺࣥࡢࡶ࡜࡛㸪㐺ษ࡞ึᮇࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢᶵ
Ეࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᒣୗࡓࡕࡣ㸪㠀㏞ᙬᛶࢆ‶ࡓࡍࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢィ⟬୓⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ>@㸬䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛸ศᩓ䜰䝹䝂䝸䝈䝮㻌┤๓࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓࢳ࣮ࣗࣜࣥࢢィ⟬୓⬟ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪࠶ࡃࡲ࡛㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡟ࡼࡿィ⟬࣭᝟ሗฎ⌮ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ≉ᚩ௜ࡅࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ᑗ᮶ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣከ⣽⬊⏕≀࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ✀ࡢ⌧㇟㸪≉࡟ಶయⓎ⏕㸪ᙧែᙧᡂ㸪⮬ᕫ」〇㸪⮬ᕫಟ᚟࡟ゐⓎࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࢆ෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㞳ᩓⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ᪉ྥ࡛ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢⓎᒎࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᅗ  ࡢ㏞㊰ࢆゎࡃࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣࡑࡢ඾ᆺ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ࡇࡢࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ
࣐ࢺࣥࡢࢭࣝࡣ㸪㟷࡜㉥ࡢ஧ࡘࡢ≧ែࢆྲྀࡿ㸬㉥ࡢ≧ែࡣ㸪ࣀ࢖࣐ࣥ㏆ഐ࡟࠾࠸࡚㞄࡟㟷ࡢ≧ែࡀ୕ࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜㸪㉥࠿ࡽ㟷࡟㑄⛣ࡍࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㏞㊰ࢆゎࡃࡓࡵ࡟㉥ࡢ≧ែࡀᮌࡢᙧ࡛ᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪ࡸࡀ࡚㸪ධཱྀ࡜ฟཱྀࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ୍
ᮏ⤒㊰ࡔࡅࡀ㉥ࡢ≧ែ࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ౛ࡣ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟⡆༢࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ
ࡀ㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᙧᡂࡢලయ౛࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍⯡࡟㸪୪ิ࣭ศᩓィ⟬ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ㸪ྛ✀ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ✵㛫ⓗ࡟ศᩓࡋࡓィ⟬࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥࢺࡀ㸪㏆㞄ࡢ࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥࢺ࡜᝟ሗࢆࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺✀ࠎࡢศᩓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢศᩓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒
ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪᭱▷⤒㊰ࡸ᭱ᑠᮌ➼ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ィ⟬࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥࢺ࠿ࡽᡂࡿ
✵㛫ࡢ୰࡛ఱࡽ࠿ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ศᩓ࢔ࣝࢦ
ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ೌࡗ࡚㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ྥࡢ◊✲࡟㝿ࡋ࡚㸪≉࡟㠀ྠᮇᛶࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྠᮇᛶࡣࢭࣝ࢜
࣮ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢᩘᏛⓗ࡞⌮ㄽࢆ㇏࠿࡟ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ྠᮇⓗ࡞ࢡࣟࢵࢡࡢᏑᅾࡣᴟࡵ࡚
ேᕤⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྛ✀ࡢ୪ิ࣭ศᩓィ⟬ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ྠᮇᛶࡣ㏻ᖖࡣ௬
ᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸬
≉࡟ศᩓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪㠀ྠᮇⓗ࡞ศᩓィ⟬ࡢ୰࡛㸪ᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ྠᮇⓗ࡞ฎ⌮ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㸬䠎䠊䠏㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛸✵㛫䜢ά⏝䛩䜛ศᏊ䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾࣏ࣆ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୪ิ࣭ศᩓィ⟬ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡢ୰࡛ࡶ
᭱ࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ィ⟬࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥࢺࢆࣀ࣮ࢻ࡜ࡍࡿࢢࣛࣇ㸦࢖ࣥࢱࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࢢࣛࣇ࡜࠸࠺㸧ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࢢࣛࣇୖ࡛㞄᥋ࡍࡿ஧ࡘࡢࣀ࣮ࢻࡀ
ྠ᫬࡟㑄⛣つ๎࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≧ែࢆ㑄⛣ࡉࡏࡿ㸬஧ࡘࡢࣀ࣮ࢻࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣ࡣྠᮇⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࡝ࡢ஧ࡘࡢࣀ࣮ࢻࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࡿ࠿ࡣ㠀ྠᮇⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᒣୗࡓࡕࡣ㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣏ࣆ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀ⾜࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ>@㸬ศᩓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫᏳᐃᛶ࡜࠸࠺㔜せ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
>@㸬ศᩓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ⮬ᕫᏳᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ึᮇ≧ែ࠿ࡽጞࡵ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡸࡀ࡚඲యࡀᏳᐃⓗ࡞≧ែ࡟ⴠࡕ╔ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Ᏻᐃⓗ࡞≧ែ࡜ࡣ㸪㟼Ṇࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪┠ⓗࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ≧ែࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ึᮇ≧ែ࠿ࡽጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡘ࠿ࡣᏳᐃ࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศ
ᩓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ㸪እ஘࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ᏻᐃᛶࡀࡃࡎࢀ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡸࡀ࡚ࡣ෌ࡧᏳᐃ࡞≧ែ࡟⮳ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀಖドࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫᏳᐃ࡞ศᩓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࠿ࡣ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛛䜙⮬ᕫಟ᚟䝬䝔䝸䜰䝹䜈㻌⮬ᕫᏳᐃᛶࡣ㸪⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࠾ࡼࡧ⮬ᕫಟ᚟ᛶ࡜῝ࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬✵㛫ࡢ୰࡟ศᩓࡋࡓィ⟬࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥࢺࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡼࡾ✵㛫ࡢࡑࡢ఩⨨ࡢ≧ἣࢆほ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᵝࠎ࡞≀⌮㔞ࡸྛ✀ࡢศᏊࡢ⃰ᗘࢆほࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ᝟ሗࢆ஺᥮ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪✵㛫ࡢ୰࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬ࡲࡓ㸪እ஘࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≧ἣࡀኚ᥮ࡋࡓ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ෌ᵓᡂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢࢭࣝࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ィ⟬࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥࢺࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ほ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ຠᯝࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ≀ᛶࢆኚ໬ࡉ
ࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㞟ྜయ඲యࡢᙧែࢆኚᙧࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࢭࣝࡢ㞟ྜయࡣ㸪⎔ቃࢆほࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࡋ㸪⎔ቃࡸ⮬㌟

ࡢኚ໬࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⮬ᕫಟ᚟ࡍࡿ㸬୍ぢࡍࡿ࡜ࡲࡉ࡟ࢤࣝࡢሢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡣྛ✀ࡢ᝟ሗࡀ஺㘒ࡋ㸪≀ᛶࡢኚ᥮࡜≀㉁ࡢ⏕ᡂࡀᖖ࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿ㸪࢖ࣥࢸࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢺ࡞࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡

[1] Schiff ⴭ, ᱵᑿ࣭Peper ┘ヂ: ࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ, ඹ❧ฟ∧.
[2] ࢽࢥࢽࢥື⏬: ࣛ࢖ࣇࢤ࣮࣒ࡢୡ⏺.
[3] Masami Hagiya, Shaoyu Wang, Ibuki Kawamata, Satoshi Murata, Teijiro Isokawa,Ferdinand

Peper,

Katsunobu

Imai:

On

DNA-Based

Gellular

Automata,

Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation, 13th International Conference,
UCNC 2014, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.8553, 2014, pp.177-189. DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-08123-6_15[4] Montagne, K., Plasson, R., Sakai, Y., Fujii, T., and Rondelez,  Y. (2011).
Programming an in vitro dna oscillator using a  molecular networking strategy.
Molecular systems biology, 7(1):466.
[5] Teijiro Isokawa, Ferdinand Peper, Ibuki Kawamata, Nobuyuki Matsui, Satoshi
Murata, and Masami Hagiya: Universal Totalistic Asynchonous Cellular Automaton
and Its Possible Implementation by DNA, Unconventional Computation and Natural
Computation, 15th International Conference, UCNC 2016, Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, Vol.9726, 2016, pp.182-195. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41312-9_15[6] Tatsuya Yamashita, Teijiro Isokawa, Ferdinand Peper, Ibuki Kawamata, andMasami Hagiya: Turing-Completeness of Asynchronous Non-camouflage Cellular
Automata, AUTOMATA 2017, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.10248, 2017,
pp.187-199. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58631-1 15[7] Tatsuya Yamashita1 and Masami Hagiya: Simulating Population Protocols by
Gellular Automata, SICE Annual Conference, 2018, to appear.
[8] ቑ⃝࣭ᒣୗ: 㐺ᛂⓗศᩓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒, ඹ❧ฟ∧.
㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫⴗ㇂ᫀᕫ㸧㻌㻌䠎䠊䠐㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛾ᐇ⿦㻌㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢィ⟬⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞◊✲࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ
࣐ࢺࣥࡢᐇ⿦࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣࢤࣝቨ࡛ᅖࢃ
ࢀࡓ཯ᛂ⁐ᾮ୰ࡢศᏊィ⟬࡟ࡼࡾࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣ࢆ㸪ࢤࣝቨࢆ௓
ࡋࡓศᏊࡢᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢭࣝ㛫ࡢ㏻ಙࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࢆᐇ⿦࡟
ࡣ㸪ࢭࣝࡢస〇㸪ࢤࣝ࡟ࡼࡿࢭࣝ࢔ࣞ࢖ࡢᡂᆺ㸪'1$ ศᏊィ⟬⁐ᾮࡢタィ㸪ࢤ䠎䠊䠐㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛾ᐇ⿦

ࣝࡢቨࢆ㏻ࡋࡓศᏊᣑᩓࡢㄪᩚ࡞࡝ࡀලయⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣆࣥࢭࢵࢺ࡛ࡘࡲࡵࡿࡃࡽ࠸ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ୰✵ࢤࣝࣅ࣮ࢬࢆࡘ࠿ࡗࡓᐇ⿦࡜㸪࣑ࣜࢧ࢖ࢬࡢࢭࣝ࢔ࣞ࢖ࢆ㔠ᆺࢆࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚ᡂᆺࡋࡓ
ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿᐇ⿦ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬㻌୰✵䝀䝹䝡䞊䝈䝰䝕䝹䛻䜘䜛ᐇ⿦㻌࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࣑࣮ࣜ࢜ࢲࡢࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆ୍ࡘࡢ✵㛫࡜ࡋ࡚㞳ᩓ໬ࡋ㸪࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢ཯ᛂሙ࡜
ࡋ࡚ᐇ⿦ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡎࡣ㸪㸦㉥㸧ࡲࡓࡣ 㸦ⓑ㸧ࡢ㞳ᩓ≧ែࢆࡶࡘࢤࣝ࢝
ࣉࢭࣝࡢ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࡟㛵ࡋ࡚グࡍ㸬㸦࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୰ᛶⓑⰍࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭ
ࣝ㸦୰ⓑ㸧ࡢྜᡂἲࡣ㸪㸰㸬㸳⠇ࠕᣑᩓಀᩘࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿศᏊࠖࢆཧ↷㸬㸧┤ᚄ⣙  ࣑ࣜࡢ୰ⓑࢆ࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥᛶࡢ㉥࠸Ⰽ⣲㸦ࢽ࣮ࣗࢥࢡࢩࣥ㸪1HZ&RFFLQH㸪㉥Ⰽ  ྕ㸧ࡢ P0 Ỉ⁐ᾮ࡟  ᪥㛫ᾐₕࡉࡏ࡚㸪࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥᛶ㉥࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㸦࢔ࢽ㉥㸧ࢆㄪ〇ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪୰ⓑࢆ࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶࡢሷ໬࢔ࣥࣔࢽ࣒࢘ࡢ P0 Ỉ⁐ᾮ࡟ᾐₕࡉࡏ࡚㸪࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶⓑ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㸦࢝ࢳⓑ㸧࡜ࡍࡿ㸬࢔ࢽ㉥  ಶ࡜୰ⓑ ಶࢆ㐺㔞ࡢ⁐፹ࢆ࠸ࢀࡓࢩ࣮ࣕࣞෆ࡛ࡺࡗࡃࡾᨩᢾࡋ㸪ఱᗘࡶ⮬ᕫ఍ྜࢆヨࡳ࡚ࡶ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒㞟ྜయࡋ࠿ᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸦ᅗ  ࡢᕥᅗ㸧㸬௚᪉㸪࢔ࢽ㉥ ಶ࡜࢝ࢳⓑ  ಶࢆࢩ࣮ࣕࣞࡢ୰࡛ࡺࡗࡃࡾᨩᢾࡍࡿ࡜㸪࢝ࢳⓑࢆ୰ᚰ࡟  ಶࡢ࢔ࢽ㉥ࡀ࿘ᅖ࡟㞟ࡲࡗࡓභ᪉᱁Ꮚ≧ࡢ఍ྜయࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ  ࡢྑࡢ㉥ᯟෆ㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㛫ࡢ㟼㟁ⓗ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ᮶㸪ᙅ࠸ศᏊ㛫ᘬຊ࡛࠶ࡿ㟼㟁ⓗ┦஫స⏝ࡣ㸪ࣂࣝࢡ୰ࡢᖹ⾮⣔࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡞఍ྜຊ
ࡣ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࢤࣝ཯ᛂሙࡢᙧᡂࡍࡿ≉Ṧ࡞ࢤࣝ⏺㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚༠ྠ
ⓗ࡟ᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ>@㸬ࡇࡢභ᪉᱁Ꮚ≧ࡢ⮬ᕫ఍ྜయࡣ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࡋ㸪」ᩘࡢභ᪉᱁Ꮚ≧⥙┠ᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛㸪཯ᛂ✵㛫ࡢ㞳ᩓ໬᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣ㸪㜈್ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ≧ែ㑄⛣๎ࡢ☜❧࡜ྠ᫬࡟ᣑᩓಀᩘࢆ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟ไᚚࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⫢せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬≧ែ㑄⛣๎࡟ࡣ '1$࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࡢࣈࣛࣥࢳ࣐࢖ࢢ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᡭἲࡀ᭷ᮃ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ཪ㸪ᣑᩓಀᩘࡢ⢭ᐦไᚚ࡟ࡣ㸪⮬ᅾ࡟㛤㛢ྍ⬟࡞ᣑᩓ⤒㊰ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡣ㸪ග࡟ࡼࡾ≀ᛶࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿගᛂ⟅ศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㛫ࡢಙྕศᏊᣑᩓࡢࢫࢺࢵࣉ㸤ࣇ࣮ࣟࡢ⮬⏤ไᚚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グࡍ㸬⺯ගᛶಙྕศᏊ )$0 ࢆෆໟࡋࡓගᛂ⟅ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ  ಶ࡜➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡✵ࡢගᛂ⟅ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ  ಶࢆ୪࡭࡚タ⨨ࡍࡿ㸬ᐊ࡛  ᫬㛫௨ୖᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪)$0 ࡣࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࠿ࡽ࣮ࣜࣜࢫࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⺯ග㢧ᚤ㙾࠿ࡽ☜ᅗ㸯 ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢ㟼㟁┦஫స⏝ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࡢභ᪉᱁Ꮚ≧⮬ᕫ⤌⧊యᅗ㸰 ගᛂ⟅ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢಙྕศᏊᣑᩓ
ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⣸እගࢆࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࡟↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿගᛂ
⟅ศᏊࡀ㠀ᴟᛶ࠿ࡽᴟᛶศᏊ࡟␗ᛶ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㛫࡟ᣑᩓ⤒㊰ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬 ศ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㸳㸫)$0 ࡀ  ಶ┠ࡢ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࡟ᣑᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ
࠿ࡾ㸪 ศᚋ࡟ࡣ  ಶ┠࡟ࡶᣑᩓࡋ㣬࿴ࡍࡿ㸬௚᪉㸪 ศᚋ࡟ྍどගࢆ↷ᑕࡋ㸪ᣑᩓ⤒㊰ࢆ㠀ᴟᛶ࡟␗ᛶ໬ࡉࡏࡿ࡜ )$0 ࡢᣑᩓࡀࢫࢺࢵࣉࡋ㸪᭦࡟ ศ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ࡶ )$0 ࡢ࣮ࣜࣜࢫࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸㸬⌧ᅾ㸪 ಶࡢࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㛫ࡢᣑᩓ⤒㊰ࢆගᛂ⟅ศᏊ࡛㛤㛢ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᐇドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᭷ᮧ㝯ᚿ 䠎䠊䠐㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛾ᐇ⿦䝉䝹䜰䝺䜲䝰䝕䝹㻌 ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣ㸪ࢤ࡛ࣝࡁࡓࢭࣝࡢ࢔ࣞ࢖㸦᱁Ꮚ㸧ࡢ୰࡟㸪ィ⟬⏝ࡢ '1$⁐ᾮࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྛࢭࣝࡀศᏊィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪࿘ࡾࡢࢭࣝ࡜
ศᏊࢆ஺᥮
㸦㏻ಙ㸧
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
㸦㸰㸬㸱⠇ཧ↷㸧㸬ࢭࣝ᱁ᏊࡢᗄఱᏛⓗ࡞㓄⨨㸪ࢭ࡛ࣝ⾜࠺₇⟬ࡸࢭࣝ㛫ࡢ㏻ಙ㸪ࢭࣝ࢔ࣞ࢖ࡢึᮇ≧ែ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ⏕ᡂࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡍࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸪㓝⣲཯ᛂ⣔࡟ࡼࡿศᏊィ⟬㸦㸯㸬㸴⠇ 3(1'1$7RROER[㸧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࢆᐇ⿦ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࣔࢹ᳨ࣝウ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚㏞㊰ࢆゎࡃࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ቑᖜ㸦࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ཯ᛂ㸧࡜ษ᩿㸦ࢽࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ཯ᛂ㸧ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸪㉥࡞࠸ࡋ㟷ࡢ≧ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚཮Ᏻᐃ࡞ '1$ ཯ᛂ⣔ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㸬཯ᛂࢆᢸ࠺ศᏊ
ࡣ࣏࣐࣮ࣜ࢔࣮ࣥ࢝࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࢀ࡚࠸࡚㞄ࡢࢭࣝ࡟ࡣᣑᩓ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪୍㒊ࡢศᏊࡔࡅࡀࢤࣝቨࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࡜࡞ࡾࡢࢭࣝ࡟ᣑᩓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪࠶ࡿࢭࣝࡀฟຊࡋࡓศᏊಙྕ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ㞄ࡢࢭࣝࡢฟຊࡋࡓศᏊಙྕࢆ༊
ูࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ཯ᛂ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࠺ࡲࡃ཯ᛂ᮲௳ࢆタᐃࡍࡿ࡜㸪࿘ࡾࡢࢭࣝࡀ㸱ࡘ࠿ࡑࢀ௨ୖ㟷ࡢ࡜ࡁࡔࡅ㸪㉥ࡢ≧ែࡀ㟷ࡢ≧ែ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ែ㑄⛣ࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ₇⟬ࢆࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࢭ࡛ࣝᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㉥ࡢ≧ែࢆ㏞㊰
ࡢ㏻㊰࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⾜ࡁṆࡲࡾ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿಶᡤ࠿ࡽ㏻㊰ࡀᚋ㏥ࡋ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ㐃⤖ࡋࡓ㏻㊰ࡢࡳࡀṧࡿࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㏞㊰ၥ㢟ࡀゎࡅࡿ>@㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ྠᵝࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛㸪௵ពࡢ  ḟඖึ➼ࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡀᐇ⿦࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬㻌ᅗ㸱 ㏞㊰ࢆゎࡃࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢࣔࢹࣝ
཯ᛂᣑᩓ⣔ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ 5HDG\ ࡟ࡼࡾ  ኚᩘࡢ೫ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧࢆᩘ್ィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸦㏵୰㸧㸬ᯞࡀᾘ࠼࡚᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣྑ㎶࡜ᕥ㎶ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ୍ᮏࡢ㐃⤖⤒㊰ࡔࡅࡀṧࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡䝉䝹䜰䝺䜲䝰䝕䝹䛾ᐇ⿦㻌 ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࢆᐇ㝿ࡢ≀⌮⣔࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ⿦ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୗࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ࢤࣝࡢᮦ㉁࡜ࡋ࡚࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࢆ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘࢖࢜
ࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢤࣝ໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢤࣝ࢔ࣞ࢖ࡢᑍἲࡣ㸪ࢤࣝࡢ⃰ᗘࡸ'1$ ࡢᣑᩓ㏿ᗘࢆࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ᐇⓗ࡞᫬㛫࡛཯ᛂࡀ⤊ࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡟㑅ࡤࢀ㸪&$' ᅗ㠃࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࡲࡎ࢔࣑ࣝᮦࢆษ๐ຍᕤࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ 3'06 ᶞ⬡࡟㌿෗ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࢤࣝ࡟෗ࡋྲྀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᡭ㡰࡛〇సࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ㸲㸧㸬ᅗ㸲 ࢤࣝ࢔ࣞ࢖ࡢస〇&$' ࡢタィ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࢔࣑ࣝࡢ㔠ᆺࢆษ๐ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ 3'06 ᶞ⬡࡟㌿෗ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࢤࣝࢆ◳໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࢤࣝ࢔ࣞ࢖ࢆస〇ࡍࡿ㸬$&$' ᅗ㸪% ࢔࣑ࣝ㔠ᆺ㸪&3'06 ᆺ㸪'㸬᏶ᡂࡋࡓࢤࣝ࢔ࣞ࢖㸬ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢᐇ⿦࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢭࣝ㛫ࡢᣑᩓไᚚࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ቨ࡜࡞ࡿ࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࢤࣝࡣ࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࡢ⃰ᗘ࡟ࡼࡾ㧗ศᏊࡢ⥙┠㛫㝸ࢆㄪᩚྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍ᮏ㙐ࡢ▷࠸ '1$ ࡣ⮬⏤࡟ᣑᩓ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ࢭࣝ㛫ࢆᣑᩓࡋ࡚ࡣᅔ
ࡿศᏊࡣ㸪ู㏵㔜ྜࡋࡓ㛗࠸࢔ࢡࣜࣝ࢔࣑ࢻศᏊ࡟㸪࢔ࢡࣜࢲ࢖ࢺ '1$ ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ඹ㔜ྜࡉࡏ㸪ࢤࣝቨࢆ㉺࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ㸳㸧㸬䠎䠊䠐㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛾ᐇ⿦ᅗ㸳 㧗ศᏊ࣏࣐࣮ࣜࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᣑᩓᢚไ
QW ࡢ '1$ ୍ᮏ㙐࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᰾㓟ᢚไࡢຠᯝ㸬⃰ᗘࢆ㐺ษ࡟ㄪᩚࡋࡓ࢔ࢡࣜࣝ࢔࣑ࢻ࣏࣐࣮ࣜ
㸦ࢤ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ࡃ⢓⛻࡞⁐ᾮ㸧࡟ '1$ ࢆ࢔࣮ࣥ࢝ࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ '1$ ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ '1$࡟ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ '1$ ࡢᣑᩓࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ㸴 ࢭࣝ࡟ᐇ⿦ࡍࡿ₇⟬཯ᛂ$1' ࢤ࣮ࢺ㸪ቑᖜࢤ࣮ࢺ࡜ࡶ࡟࢔ࢡࣜࣝ࢔࣑ࢻ࣏࣐࣮ࣜ࡟࢔ࣥ࢝ࣜࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡘࡢධຊࡀࡑࢁࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࡔࡅฟຊࡀฟࡿ㸬)8(/ ࢆࡶࡕ࠸ࡓቑᖜ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪5(3 ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡛⺯ගࢆⓎࡍࡿ
6LJQDO ศᏊࡀฟຊࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢྛࢭ࡛ࣝࡣㄽ⌮₇⟬࡜ቑᖜ཯ᛂࢆ⾜࠺㸦ᅗ㸴㸧㸬࠶ࡿࢭࣝࡀฟຊࡍࡿ '1$ ୍ᮏ㙐ࡀ㞄ࡢࢭࣝ࡟ᣑᩓࡋ㸪㞄ࡢࢭࣝࡢィ⟬཯ᛂࡢධຊศᏊ
࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ⣔࡛ࡣ㸪ᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᖖ࡟ศᏊࡀᕼ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ィ⟬཯ᛂ࡟ᚲせ࡞⃰ᗘࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢቑᖜ཯ᛂࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ㸦ヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩥ⊩>@ࢆཧ↷㸧㸬ᅗ㸵࡟♧ࡍᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪$1' ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡜ቑᖜ
ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡓ㸬$1' ₇⟬ࡢ☜ㄆ࡛ࡣ㸪㉥࡜⥳࡟⺯ගᶆ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡㆑ࡉࢀࡓ '1$ ศᏊࢆฟࡍࢭࣝࢆ⏝ពࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ࿘ࡾ࡟ࡇࢀࡽࢆධຊ࡜ࡍࡿ $1' ࢤ࣮ࢺࢆ࠸ࢀࡓࢭࣝࢆ୪࡭㸪㉥⥳ࡢ཮᪉࠿ࡽ㏆࠸ࢭࣝ࠿ࡽ $1' ฟຊ㸦⺯ග㸧ࡀฟࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ୖ㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪$1' ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡜ቑᖜࢤ࣮ࢺࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓሙ
ྜࡣ㸪ಙྕ※࠿ࡽࡢ㊥㞳࠾ࡼࡧቑᖜᙉᗘ࡟ࡼࡾ᫬㛫ᕪࢆࡶࡗ࡚ฟຊࡢ⺯ගࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜࠿ࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦ୗ㸧㸬ᅗ㸵 ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢᐇ⿦㸦ㄽ⌮₇⟬㸧㉥⥳ࡢ཮᪉࠿ࡽ㏆࠸ࢭࣝ࠿ࡽ $1' ฟຊ㸦⺯ග㸧ࡀฟࡿ ୖ 㸬$1' ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡜ቑᖜࢤ࣮ࢺࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ಙྕ※࠿ࡽࡢ㊥㞳࠾ࡼࡧቑᖜᙉᗘ࡟ࡼࡾ᫬㛫ᕪࢆࡶࡗ࡚ฟຊࡢ⺯ගࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜࠿ࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦ୗ㸧㸬௨ୖ㸪ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢᐇ⿦ᢏ⾡ࡣࡲࡔせ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ㞟✚ࡋ࡚ࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣㸦≉࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ≧ែ㑄⛣㸧ࡀᐇ⾜࡛ࡁࡿࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ⣔࡛ᐇ⿦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪୍ᅇ㝈ࡾࡢ㑄⛣ࡋ࠿チࡉ࡞࠸࡜࠿㸪㏻ಙࡢఏ㐩⠊ᅖࡣ㞄᥋ࢭࣝࡲ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪୍⯡ࡢࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢືస᮲௳ࢆไ⣙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᐇ⿦ࡍࡿィ⟬཯ᛂࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮃࡲ࡞࠸࣮ࣜࢡࡸࢡࣟࢫࢺ࣮ࢡࢆῶࡽࡍດຊࡀᚲ
せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㸦ᕝཪ⏕྿㸪ᮧ⏣ ᬛ㸧[1] A.Harada et al., Macroscopic self-Assembly Through Molecular Recognition,
Nature Commun., 3, pp 34-37(2011).

䠎䠊䠐㻌 䝀䝹䜸䞊䝖䝬䝖䞁䛾ᐇ⿦[2] ᭷ᮧ㝯ᚿ㸦ศᢸᇳ➹㸧㸪➨ 7 ❶➨ 2 ⠇ࢤࣝ཯ᛂሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊㄆ㆑㸪ࠕࢤࣝ໬࣭ቑ⢓๣ࡢ౑࠸᪉㸪㑅ࡧ᪉ ஦౛㞟ࠖ㸪ओᢏ⾡᝟ሗ༠఍㸪pp 397-406, 2018.
[3] I. Kawamata, S. Yoshizawa, F. Takabatake, K. Sugawara, S. Murata., Discrete
DNA Reaction-Diffusion Model for Implementing Simple Cellular Automaton, LNCS
9726, 168-181, 2016[4] I. Kawamata, T. Hosoya, F. Takabatake, K. Sugawara, S. M. Nomura, T. Isokawa,
F. Peper, M. Hagiya, S. Murata. Pattern Formation and Computation by Autonomous
Chemical Reaction Diffusion Model Inspired by Cellular Automaton, 4th CANDAR,
215-221, IEEE, 2016[5] T. Hosoya, I.Kawamata, S.M. Nomura, S. Murata, Pattern formation on discrete
gel matrix based on DNA computing, New Generation Computing,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00354-018-0047-1.
㸦⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ ᭷ᮧ㝯ᚿ㸪ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᕝཪ⏕྿㸪ᮧ⏣ ᬛ㸧㻌䠎䠊䠑㻌 ᣑᩓಀᩘ䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䜛ศᏊ㻌୍⯡࡟㸪⣽⬊㛫ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ཯ᛂᣑᩓࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪≉ᐃࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝศᏊࡢࡳࡀᣑᩓࡋ㸪⣽⬊㛫ࡢ㜈್ࢆ㉸࠼࡚㸪⣽⬊ෆ㒊࡛ࡢ཯ᛂࢲ
࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ࡜ᐃᘧ໬ࡉࢀࡿ㸬>@Ỉࡣ㸪㏻ᖖ㸪⣽⬊㛫ࢆ༢⣧ᣑᩓ࡛㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡀ㸪
㏱㐣ᛶࡢ㧗࠸⣽⬊㛫࡛ࡣỈࢆ㏻ࡍ࢔ࢡ࢔࣏ࣜࣥ࡜࠸࠺ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ
ࡿ㸬ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࡀࣜࣥ㓟໬ࡉࢀᴟᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛㸪ከࡃࡢỈศᏊࡀ㏻㐣ᣑᩓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ࣜࣥ㓟ᇶࡀ㝖ཤࡉࢀ㠀ᴟᛶ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࡣ㛢㙐ࡋ࡚ỈศᏊࡣᣑᩓ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡶ㸪ᣑᩓ⤒㊰ࢆᴟᛶ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㠀ᴟᛶ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᴟᛶศᏊࡢᣑᩓಀᩘࢆ⮬⏤࡟ኚ໬ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪⣸እග↷ᑕ࡛ࡣᴟᛶศᏊ㸪ྍどග↷ᑕ࡛ࡣ㠀ᴟᛶศᏊ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿගᛂ⟅ᛶศᏊࢆ࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟࡟໬Ꮫಟ㣭ࡋ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝ࢝ࣉ
ࢭࣝࢆసࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⣽⬊ࡢ㞳ᩓ໬ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ගᛂ⟅ᛶ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝྜᡂࡢࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝࡣᅗ㸯ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ձගᛂ⟅ศᏊࢆඹ᭷⤖ྜ࡛໬Ꮫಟ㣭ࡋࡓ࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘㸦㸧ZW
ࢆሷ໬࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘Ỉ⁐ᾮ㸦ZW㸧࡟ࡺࡗࡃࡾ⁲ୗࡍࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ղ⁲ୗᚋ㸪 ศྵ౵ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪┤ᚄ⣙ ȣP㸪Ẇࡢཌࡉ 㹼ȣPࡢࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡀㄪ〇࡛ࡁࡿ㸬࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢཌࡉࡣ┤ᚄ࡟ẚࡋ࡚㸪࠾ࡼࡑ  ๭⛬ᗘࡢཌࡉ࡛㸪࢝ࣉࢭࣝෆ㒊ࡣ⢓ᗘࡢ࡞࠸ࢰࣝ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ճࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆỈ࡟▷᫬㛫ᾐₕࡉࡏࡿ㸬մᣑᩓࡉࡏࡿⰍ⣲ศᏊࢆྵࡴ⁐ᾮ࡟㸪 ᫬㛫ᾐₕࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪Ⰽ⣲ศᏊࢆྵࡴගᛂ⟅ᛶࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡀㄪ〇࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝྜᡂࡢࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ
ලయ౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⺯ග㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ᣑᩓ≧ἣࡀᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿⰍ⣲࢝ࣝ࣎࢟ࢩࣇࣝ࢜ࣞࢭ
࢖ࣥศᏊ FDUER[\IOXRUHVFHLQ)$0 ࢆྵࡴࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆㄪ〇ࡋ㸪ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾศᏊࡢᣑᩓࢆไᚚࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆグࡍ㸦ᅗ 㸧㸬ձ)$0 ྵ᭷㠀ᴟᛶᆺࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢ㞄࡟㸪ศᏊࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸㠀ᴟᛶᆺࢤࣝ࢝ࣉ
ࢭࣝࢆ㏆᥋ࡉࡏࡿ㸬㠀ᴟᛶᆺࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡣ㯮࠸෇㸪ᴟᛶᆺࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡣ㯤Ⰽࡢ෇࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ղ⣸እගࢆ↷ᑕࡋ࡞࠸≧ែ࡛ࡣ㸪㠀ᴟᛶᆺࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࠿ࡽࡣ  ᫬㛫⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ࡶ )$0 ࡢ࣮ࣜࢡࡣ࡞࠸㸬ճ⣸እග↷ᑕࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪 ಶࡢࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡣ㠀ᴟᛶᆺ࠿ࡽᴟᛶᆺ࡟㏿ࡸ࠿࡟␗ᛶ໬ࡍࡿ㸬մ ศ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ศᏊࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸ࢤࣝ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࡟ )$0 ࡀᣑᩓࡋ㸪⣙  ศ࡛ᣑᩓࡀ㣬࿴࡟㐩ࡋࡓ㸬)$0 ࡢᣑᩓ㏿ᗘࡣ㸪 ศ࡛⣙  ࣑࣓࣮ࣜࢺ࡛ࣝ࠶
ࡿ㸬



䠎䠊䠑㻌 ᣑᩓಀᩘ䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䜛ศᏊᅗ  ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿ⺯ගศᏊ )$0 ࡢᣑᩓไᚚ
[1]  A. Geirer, H. Meinherdt, A Theory of Biological Pattern Formation,

Kybernetik, 12, pp. 30-39, 1972.
㸦⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ ᭷ᮧ㝯ᚿ㸧㻌㻌䠎䠊䠒㻌 ⛣ື䛩䜛䝀䝹㻌⢓⳦ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⛣ືࡍࡿࣁ࢖ࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆ㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡉࢀࡓ '1$ ཯ᛂࢆ౑ࡗ࡚
ᐇ⿦ࡋࡓᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢヨࡳࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡀ⛣ືࡍࡿࢤࣝࡢᶍᘧᅗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬✵㛫ࢆ  ศ๭ࡋ࡚ࢰࣝ࡜ࢤࣝࢆ㓄⨨ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢤࣝࡢ㡿ᇦࡣ᫬㛫ࡢ⤒㐣࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ᕥ࠿ࡽྑ࡬࡜ぢ࠿ࡅୖ⛣ືࡍࡿ㸬⛣ືࡢཎ⌮࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㧗ศᏊࡢࢤࣝ໬࣭ࢰࣝ
໬ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢰࣝ  ࡜ࢤࣝࡢቃ⏺࡛ࡣࢰࣝ໬ࡢ཯ᛂࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪ࢤࣝࡢ㡿ᇦࡣ้ࠎ࡜ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛ࢤࣝ࡜ࢰࣝ  ࡢቃ⏺࡛ࡣࢤࣝ໬ࡢ཯ᛂࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪ࢤࣝࡢ㡿ᇦࡣ้ࠎ࡜኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬஧ࡘࡢ཯ᛂࡀྠ᫬࡟㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ぢ࠿ࡅࡢ⛣ືࡣᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㧗ศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ '1$ ࡀഃ㙐࡜ࡋ࡚⏕࠼ࡓ࣏ࣜ࢔
ࢡࣜࣝ࢔࣑ࢻ>@ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪'1$ ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡢᙧᡂ࣭ゎ㞳཯ᛂࡀࢤࣝ໬࣭
ࢰࣝ໬࡜ࡑࢀࡒࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣࢭࣥࢧࡸ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ศᏊィ⟬ᶵࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛」㞧໬ࡋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ⛣ືࡍࡿࢤࣝࡢᶍᘧᅗ
ࢰࣝࡣᾮయࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ែ㸪ࢤࣝࡣಶయࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ୖ࠿ࡽୗ࡬᫬㛫ࡀ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ㸪ࢤࣝࡢ㡿ᇦࡀᕥ࠿ࡽྑ࡬࡜ぢ࠿ࡅୖ⛣ືࡍࡿ㸬[1] Yurke, B., Mechanical Properties of a Reversible, DNA-Crosslinked
Polyacrylamide Hydrogel, J. Biomech. Eng., 126, pp.104, 2004.
㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᕝཪ⏕྿㸧㻌㻌䠎䠊䠓㻌 䝗䝻䝑䝥䝺䝑䝖䝬䜲䜽䝻ὶయᢏ⾡䛻䜘䜛ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾ᒎ㛤㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 ㏆ᖺ㸪໬Ꮫྜᡂ࣏࣐࣮ࣜࡸ '1$࣭ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࣭⬡㉁࡞࡝ࡢࣂ࢖࣏࣐࣮࢜ࣜࢆ
⏝࠸࡚㸪ࢤ࣭ࣝ࣋ࢩࢡ࣭࢚࣐ࣝࣝࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢯࣇࢺ࣐ࢱ࣮ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ
ᵓ⠏࡜ᶵ⬟ไᚚࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪໬Ꮫࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࡸ⎔ቃᛂ⟅㐺ᛂᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ࢖ࣥࢸࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢺ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝ࡞࡝࠿ࡽ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡸேᕤ⣽⬊ࡢᵓ⠏ࡲ࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛ࡢⓎᒎࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬≉࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡸேᕤ⣽⬊ᕤᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⣽⬊ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ㸦ᩘȣPࠥᩘⓒȣP㸧࡛ࡢࢯࣇࢺ࣐ࢱ࣮ࡢᵓ㐀ࡸᶵ⬟ࡢไᚚࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ㸬'1$ ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ሷᇶ㓄ิ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉⓗ࡟ᵓ㐀ࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ '1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㸪࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ
㐀ࡢไᚚࡣࡉࡍࡀ࡟኱ࡁࡍࡂ࡚㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘

䠎䠊䠓㻌 䝗䝻䝑䝥䝺䝑䝖䝬䜲䜽䝻ὶయᢏ⾡䛻䜘䜛ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾ᒎ㛤ࣥⓗ࡞ᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయᕤᏛ>@࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸪࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᾮ⁲ࢆไᚚࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡀ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయᕤᏛࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿ㸬 ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయᕤᏛࡣ㸪࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࣟࢺ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢲ࣮ࡢᖜࢆᣢࡘὶ㊰㸦ᅗ D㸧࡟ᾮయࢆὶࡋ㸪ᩘȣPࠥᩘⓒȣP ࡢ┤ᚄࢆᣢࡘᾮ⁲ࢆ⏕ᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡸࢤ࣭ࣝ࣋ࢩࢡࣝᵓ⠏࡞࡝࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣇ࣮ࣟࣇ࢛࣮
࢝ࢫᆺ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ༑Ꮠᆺὶ㊰㸦ᅗ E㸧ࡸ 7 Ꮠᆺὶ㊰㸦ᅗ F㸧࡟ᾮయࢆὶࡋ࡚㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡞࡝ࡀࡼࡃ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࢞ࣛࢫ࢟ࣕࣆ࣮ࣛࣜ࡟㐲ᚰຊࢆ༳ຍࡋ࡚✵Ẽ୰࡛࣐࢖ࢡࣟỈ⁲ࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ᪉ἲ㸦ᅗ G㸧ࡶ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ㸯 ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ
D 3'06࢞ࣛࢫ〇࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸬 E ࣇ࣮ࣟࣇ࢛࣮࢝ࢫᆺ㸦༑Ꮠᆺ㸧࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㸪 F 7 Ꮠᆺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰࡟ࡼࡿἜ୰Ỉ⁲⏕ᡂ㸬 G 㐲ᚰ࢟ࣕࣆ࣮࣐ࣛࣜ࢖ࢡࣟࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡼ
ࡿỈ⁲⏕ᡂ㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ฼⏝࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪'1$ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ཯ᛂࢆྵࡴ㠀⥺ᙧ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡢࡓࡵࡢᚤᑠࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ
>@㸬࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪኱つᶍ࡞ゎᯒࡸ཯ᛂࡢࢥࣥࣆ
࣮ࣗࢱไᚚ࡞࡝ࢆ⾜࠺᪉ἲࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡣ㸪'1$ ᣺ື཯ᛂࡢ኱つᶍ࡞࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗ศゎ⬟࡞ศᒱゎᯒࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰࡛ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ศᏊ⃰ᗘ᮲௳ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡⁲ࡀ⮬ືⓗ࡟⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ D㸧㸬⏕ᡂ᫬࡟ศᏊ⃰ᗘࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ⺯ගศᏊࡶᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪⺯ගⰍࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛Ỉ⁲ෆࡢศᏊ⃰ᗘ᮲௳ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Ỉ⁲୰࡛ࡢ཯ᛂࡢほᐹᚋ࡟㸪࡝ࡢ᮲௳࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞཯ᛂࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡾ㸪ศᒱᅗ࡟࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ E㸧㸬࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࢆ౑࠼ࡤ  ୓ಶ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮ࡢศᏊ⃰ᗘ᮲௳ࢆྠ᫬࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ୓᮲௳࡛ࡢ㧗ศゎ⬟࡛ศᒱᅗࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ᅗ  ࡣ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ⼥ྜ࣭ศ⿣ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ㠀ᖹ⾮㛤ᨺ⣔ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱ࡛㸪㠀⥺ᙧ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡸࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔ࡢᇵ㣴➼ࢆࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ>@㸬ືⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱ࡬ࡢ཯ᛂᇶ㉁ࡢ౪⤥ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪཯ᛂ⏕ᡂ≀ࡢ୍㒊ࡀᚎࠎ࡟ᩓ㐓ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿ㸬3ULJRJLQH ࡢᩓ㐓ᵓ㐀⌮ㄽ࡛ᐃᘧ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪཯ᛂᇶ㉁࡟ࡼࡿ
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮౪⤥࡟ຍ࠼㸪཯ᛂ≀ࡢᩓ㐓࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ࡢቑ኱ࢆ㜵ࡂ㸪ືⓗ࡞⛛ᗎࢆᙧᡂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿἜ୰Ỉ⁲࣮࣋ࢫࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣜ࢔ࢡࢱ࡜㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊࡜⼥ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࢆ౪⤥ࡋࡓࡾ᤼ฟࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ㍺㏦⏝Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࡣ
࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰୰㸦ᅗ D㸧࡟ᅛᐃࡉࢀ㸪཯ᛂᇶ㉁ࢆෆໟࡋࡓ㍺㏦⏝Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡣ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰ୖὶ࡛⏕ᡂࡉࢀ࡚㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚ேᕤ⣽⬊ࡲ࡛฿㐩ࡍࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊⏝Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡶ໬Ꮫ≀㉁㍺㏦⏝Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡶ㸪⏺㠃άᛶ๣࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ἔ┦୰࡛Ᏻᐃ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁㍺㏦⏝Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡀேᕤ⣽⬊࡟᥋ゐࡋࡓࡔࡅᅗ  ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ '1$ ᣺ື཯ᛂࡢ኱つᶍ࡞࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗ศゎ⬟࡞ศᒱゎᯒ㸬D ศᏊ⃰ᗘ᮲௳ࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ⺯ගศᏊࢆᑟධࡋࡓ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ⏕ᡂ㸬 E Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ⺯ගⰍ࡛ᑟධࡋࡓศᏊ⃰ᗘ࠿ࡽ㸪཯ᛂᚋ࡟ศᒱᅗ࡟࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢ㸬㸦5HSULQWHG IURP 1DWXUH &KHP
>@㸬୍㒊ᨵኚ 䠎䠊䠓㻌 䝗䝻䝑䝥䝺䝑䝖䝬䜲䜽䝻ὶయᢏ⾡䛻䜘䜛ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾ᒎ㛤





ᅗ  ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ⼥ྜ࣭ศ⿣ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱไᚚࡉࢀࡓ㠀ᖹ⾮㛤ᨺ⣔ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱ
D ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸬 E ேᕤ⣽⬊⏝Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲࡜໬Ꮫ≀㉁㍺㏦⏝ࡢἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ⼥ྜ࣭ศ⿣㸬F ࣃࣝࢫᐦᗘኚㄪไᚚࡢཎ⌮㸬ࣃࣝࢫἼS࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪᫬㛫ኚ໬ࡍࡿ≀㉁ὶධฟ㏿ᗘTࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㸬ࣃࣝࢫࡢᐦᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ≀㉁ὶධฟ㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬7 ࡣࣃࣝࢫࡢ࿘ᮇ㸪Z ࡣࣃ
ࣝࢫࡢᖜ㸬 G ேᕤ⣽⬊ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱෆ࡛ࡢ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡไᚚࡢᴫせ㸬 H ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂ
ࢵࢡไᚚ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ S+ ᣺ື཯ᛂ㸦ࣜࢬ࣒཯ᛂ㸧ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ㦂᮲௳ࢆ⮬ືⓗ࡟᥈⣴ࡋ⥔ᣢ㸬
㸦5HSULQWHGIURP1DWXUH&RPPXQ>@㸬୍㒊ᨵኚ㸧࡛ࡣ⼥ྜࡋ࡞࠸㸬ὶ㊰୰࡟ࡣ㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊ࢆᣳࡴᙧ࡛㟁ᴟࡀ㓄⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪஺ὶ㟁ᅽࢆ༳ຍࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁㍺㏦⏝Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡀேᕤ⣽⬊࡟᥋ゐࡍࡿ࡜㸪୧⪅ࡣ⼥ྜࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ E㸧㸬ὶ㊰୰ࡣἜ┦ࡢὶࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⼥ྜࡋࡓ໬Ꮫ≀㉁㍺㏦⏝Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡣ㸪ὶࢀࡢᛂຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ேᕤ⣽⬊࠿ࡽᘬࡁࡕࡂࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟
ศ⿣ࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ E㸧㸬໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢὶධฟࡢ㏿ᗘࡢ㧗ᗘ࡞ไᚚࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ᐃᘧ໬ࢆ⾜࠸㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢὶධฟࢆࣃࣝࢫᐦᗘኚㄪไᚚࡢ᪉ἲ࡛⪃࠼ࡿ஦ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ F㸧㸬⡆₩࡟ゝ࠺࡜㸪ᅗ F ࡢⅬ⥺ࡢ࡛ᥥ࠸ࡓ

T W ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬㛫࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿ㛵ᩘࡢ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢὶධฟ㏿ᗘࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ࡍ
ࡿ࡜㸪S W7Z ࡢࡼ࠺࡞  ࡲࡓࡣ  ࡢ್ࡢࡳࢆ࡜ࡿࣃࣝࢫἼࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ࡼ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࢆ㏆ఝࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ࣃࣝࢫἼ S W7Z ࡢ  ࡀ⼥ྜࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸≧ែ㸪 ࡀ⼥ྜࡋࡓ≧ែ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡛ไᚚࡋ࡚㟁ᅽࢆ 212)) ࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢὶධฟࡢ㏿ᗘࢆ⼥ྜ࣭ศ⿣ࡢ
㢖ᗘ࡛ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡไᚚ㸦ᅗG㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪タᐃࡋࡓ཯ᛂ≧ែ㸦ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪᣺ື≧ែ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ࿘ᮇ࡞࡝㸧࡟ྜ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪⼥ྜ࣭ศ⿣ࡢ㢖ᗘࢆᚤㄪᩚࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᐇ㝿ࡢ཯ᛂ≧ែࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ H ࡀᐇ㝿࡟⾜ࡗࡓࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ ไ ᚚ ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ᭱ ึ ᣺ ື ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ EURPDWH̼VXOILWH̼
IHUURF\DQLGH㸦%6)㸧S+ ᣺ື཯ᛂ>@ࢆ㸪⼥ྜศ⿣㢖ᗘࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪タᐃࡋࡓ࿘ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ  ศ࿘ᮇ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ኚ໬ࡉࡏ㸪タᐃ್࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࠶
࡜ࡣࡑࢀࢆ㛗᫬㛫⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑠ⬊ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ≀㉁㍺㏦᪉ἲࡣ㸪༢⣧ᣑᩓ࡟ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪༊⏬໬㸦࢝ࣉࢭࣝ໬㸧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪≀㉁ࡢ
⃰⦰ຠᯝ㸪཯ᛂࡢ࣐ࢫ࢟ࣥࢢ㸦཯ᛂࢡࣟࢫࢺ࣮ࢡࡢపῶ㸧㸪཯ᛂࡢࣃࣛࣞࣝ໬
࡞࡝ࡢᵝࠎ࡞኱ࡁ࡞฼Ⅼࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ㸬ᾮ⁲ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయᕤᏛࡢ◊✲ࡣ௚࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ࢩࣜࢥࣥᇶᯈୖ࡟ᙧᡂࡋࡓ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰࡟ '1$ ࢆᅛᐃࡋ࡚㸪ὶ㊰ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢὶධฟࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳࢵࣉேᕤ⣽⬊࡞
࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿ>@㸬໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࡢὶධฟࡣ㸪࣓࢖ࣥࡢὶ㊰࠿ࡽேᕤ⣽⬊ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱ㒊ࡲ࡛ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ⣽࠸ὶ㊰୰ࡢ≀㉁ᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ὶ㊰ࡢኴࡉ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚㸪໬Ꮫ≀㉁ὶධฟࡢ㏿ᗘࢆไᚚࡍࡿ㸬ḟ࡟㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺࢆᡂᆺࡋ㸪㠀ᑐ⛠ᵓ㐀࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝ⢏Ꮚ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸦⬡㉁஧㔜⭷ᑠ⬊㸧࡞࡝ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᢏ⾡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬୍⯡࡟㸪ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయᢏ⾡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡓ࣐࢖ࢡ
ࣟỈ⁲ࡣ㸪⏕ᡂᚋ࡟ࢲࣈ࢚࣐ࣝࣝࢩࣙࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿỈ┦Ἔ┦Ỉ┦㸦ZDWHULQ
RLOLQZDWHU :2: 㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከ㔜໬ࡋࡓ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࡟ࡋࡓࡾ㸦ᅗ D㸧>@㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࢆస〇ࡋࡓࡾ㸦ᅗ E㸧>@㸪ࢤࣝ໬ࡉࡏ࡚⢏Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀ
ࡾฟࡋࡓࡾ㸦ᅗ 㸧>@࡜࠸ࡗࡓᛂ⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵ
ࢺࡢ࣎ࢹ࢕ࡢᵓ⠏ࡸ㸪ேᕤ⣽⬊ࡢᵓ⠏࡞࡝࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡣ㸪㐲ᚰ࢟ࣕࣆ࣮࣐ࣛࣜ࢖ࢡࣟࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸦ᅗ G㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢤࣝࡸ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢస〇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ D ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࢟ࣕࣆࣛࣜࡣࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵ
ࢡࡢᅛᐃල࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᕷ㈍ࡢ P/ ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ࡟ᅛᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࢟ࣕࣆࣛࣜࡢ୰࡟ࡣࢤࣝ໬ࡉࡏࡿ๓ࡢࢰࣝỈ⁐ᾮ㸦࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘Ỉ⁐ᾮ㸧㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࡢᗏ࡟ࡣࢤࣝ໬๣㸦ሷ໬࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘㸧ࡀධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸

䠎䠊䠓㻌 䝗䝻䝑䝥䝺䝑䝖䝬䜲䜽䝻ὶయᢏ⾡䛻䜘䜛ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾ᒎ㛤ࡿ㸬㐲ᚰຊࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࢟ࣕࣆࣛࣜඛ➃࠿ࡽࢰࣝࡀỈ⁲࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ྤ
ฟࡉࢀࢤࣝ໬๣࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿ࡜ࢤࣝ⢏Ꮚ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦ᅗ G㸧㸬ෆഃࡀ」ᩘࡢቨ࡛௙
ษࡽࢀࡓ࢞ࣛࢫ⟶ࡀᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᅗ E ᕥࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪」ᩘࡢࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᣢࡘ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝ⢏Ꮚࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬ࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ」ᩘ✀㢮ࡢࢤ࡛ࣝసࡗ࡚࠾࠸࡚㸪୍㒊ࡢࢤࣝࡔࡅ⁐ゎࡉࡏࢀࡤ㸪ᅗ E ྑ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪⌫ᙧ௨እࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝ⢏Ꮚࡶసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
>@㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㐲ᚰຊࢆ࠿ࡅࡿ᫬࡟㸪බ㌿ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࡢ㍈㸦ࡘࡲࡾ࢟ࣕࣆࣛࣜ㸧ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ⮬㌿ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⮬㌿බ㌿㐲ᚰᶵ㸦SODQHWDU\FHQWULIXJH㸧ࢆ౑࠸㸪ࡉࡽ࡟࢟ࣕࣆࣛࣜඛ➃ࢆࢤࣝ໬๣࡟ᾐࡋ࡚
Ỉ⁲࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃỈᰕࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᅗ F ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከ㔜ࡽࡏࢇᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࡢ
ᗏ࡟࠶ࡿࢤࣝ໬๣ࢆ⬡㉁ࡢ⁐ࡅࡓἜ┦࡜Ỉ┦࡟ኚ᭦ࡋ࡚Ỉ⁲ࢆྤฟࡍࢀࡤ㸪Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ⏺㠃㏻㐣ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ⏕ᡂࡶᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ G㸧>@㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ࣎ࢹ࢕࡜ࡋ࡚౑࠼ࡿ」㞧࡞࣐࢖ࢡࣟᵓ㐀ࡸᑠ⬊ࡢ⏕ᡂࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయᢏ⾡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓ࣐࢖ࢡࣟỈ⁲ࡢᛂ⏝D  ࢲࣈ࢚࣐ࣝࣝࢩࣙࣥ㸬 E  ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺὶ࡟ࡼࡿ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒⏕ᡂ㸬㸦5HSULQWHG IURP D /DQJPXLU>@ E 1DWXUH&KHP>@㸬୍㒊ᨵኚ㸧䜎䛸䜑㻌ࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయᕤᏛࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟ぶ࿴ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪⮬ᚊ㥑ືࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ࣎ࢹ࢕ࡢᵓ⠏>@࠿ࡽศᏊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢࡓࡵ
ࡢࣜ࢔ࢡࢱ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞⼥ྜ◊✲ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ࢤ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ
>@㸪'1$ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ>@㸪'1$ ࢤ࣭ࣝ'1$ ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢᵓ⠏>@࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡶࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᢏ⾡ᒎ㛤ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ᅗ  㐲ᚰ࢟ࣕࣆ࣮࣐ࣛࣜ࢖ࢡࣟࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡼࡿࢤ࣭࣏ࣝࣜࢯ࣮࣒⏕ᡂD  㐲ᚰ࢟ࣕࣆ࣮࣐ࣛࣜ࢖ࢡࣟࢹࣂ࢖ࢫእほ㸬 E

D ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚స〇ࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢳࢥࣥࣃ࣮ࢺ࣓ࣥ

ࢺࢤࣝ⢏Ꮚ㸦ᕥ㸧࡜㠀⌫ᙧࣉࣟ࣌ࣛᆺ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝ⢏Ꮚ㸦ྑ㸧㸬 F  D ࡟⮬㌿࣭බ㌿ྠ᫬㐲ᚰ㸦SODQHWDU\ FHQWULIXJH㸧ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚⏕ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿከ㔜ࡽࡏࢇ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮㸬 G D ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚⏕ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸬㸦5HSULQWHGIURP D  E 6FL5HS>@ F 6RIW
0DWWHU>@ G &KHP%LR&KHP>@㸬୍㒊ᨵኚ㸧[1] M. Takinoue, S. Takeuchi, Droplet microfluidics for the study of artificial cells,
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䠎䠊䠓㻌 䝗䝻䝑䝥䝺䝑䝖䝬䜲䜽䝻ὶయᢏ⾡䛻䜘䜛ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾ᒎ㛤[6] E. C. Edblom, Y. Luo, M. Orban, K. Kustin, I. R. Epstein, Kinetics andmechanism of the oscillatory bromate-sulfite-ferrocyanide reaction. J. Phys.
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㸦ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ℧ࣀୖṇᾈ㸧㻌㻌㸰㸬㸶 ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡟ࡼࡿ୍ศᏊィ࡜⭷ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ 3 ࡘࡢせ⣲㸫1) ▱ぬ㸪2) ᛮ⪃ุ࣭᩿㸪3)㐠ື㸫ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ᆺࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢሙྜ㸪እ⏺ࡢ໬Ꮫ≀㉁ࢆ▱ぬࡍࡿ⿦⨨࡜ࡋ࡚⏕≀࡜ྠᵝ࡟⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ཷᐜయ㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣேᕤⓗ࡟స〇ࡋࡓ⭷ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢ฼⏝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡛ࡣ㸪≉ᐃ≀㉁࡜⤖ྜࡍࡿ࡜ୗὶ࡟
ࢩࢢࢼࣝఏ㐩ࢆࡍࡿ G ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ඹᙺཷᐜయ࡞࡝ࡢ」㞧࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᣢࡘࡶ
ࡢࡢ௚࡟㸪⭷㟁఩ࢆឤཷࡋ࡚࢖࢜ࣥࢆὶࡍ㟁఩౫Ꮡᛶ࢖࢜ࣥࢳࣕࢿࣝ㸪༢࡟࣏࢔ࢆᙧᡂࡋ≀㉁ࡢ㍺㏦ࢆ⾜࠺ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㍺㏦ᵝᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ATP ࡞࡝ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ౑࠺⬟ື㍺㏦㸪⃰ᗘࡸ㟁఩໙㓄࡟ᚑࡗࡓ≀㉁⛣ື࡟ࡼࡿཷື㍺㏦ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢱࣥࣃࢡࡣ⭷୰࡟ẚ㍑ⓗ኱ࡁ࡞Ꮝࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢬ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟≀㉁ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪௚ࡢ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ
㧗࠸Ᏻᐃᛶ㸪⭷࡬ࡢ෌ᵓᡂࡀᐜ᫆࡞࡝ࡢ฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⭷ࢤ࣮ࢺ㛤Ⓨࡢ➃⥴࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢱࣥࣃࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚୺࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ α-hemolysin (αHL)ࡣࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୍ศᏊィ࡟ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ㸪୍

ศᏊ DNA ࡢ᳨ฟ㸪DNA ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓࡇࡢDNA ศᏊ࡜ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬ࣐ࢵࢳࣥࢢࡀ㧗࠸ᛶ㉁ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡸ DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᵓ⠏ࡀ࡛䠎䠊䠔㻌 䝘䝜䝫䜰䛻䜘䜛୍ศᏊィ 䛸⭷䝀䞊䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ㻌 ࡁࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡍࡿ㸬ᮏ㡯࡛ࡣࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィࡢᇶᮏཎ⌮㸪࠾ࡼࡧ᭱㏆ࡢ DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᢏ⾡࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓᛂ⏝◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫ
ㄝࡍࡿ㸬
ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ

ࡢཎ⌮

㸯㸧ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ ࡜ࡣࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ࡜ࡣ㸪1940 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࡟ Coulter ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓ㟁Ẽⓗ᳨▱ᖏἲ(ࢥ࣮ࣝࢱ࣮ཎ⌮)ࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪ࡑࢀࢆࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࡟ᣑᙇࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ேᕤ⣽⬊⭷(⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷)୰࡟ࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁(ࢼࣀ࣏࢔)ࢆ෌ᵓᡂࡉࡏ㸪⭷ࡢ୧ഃ࡟㟁ᅽࢆ༳ຍࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㟁ẼὋື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿศᏊࢆ୍ศᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࡟ほࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶㸪toxin ࢳࣕࢿࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ αHL ࡀᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪αHL ࡣ┤ᚄ 1.4 nm ࡢ࣏ᅗ 1 αHL, MspA, Aerolysin ࡢ PDB ᵓ㐀ࢹ࣮ࢱ࢔ࢆᏳᐃ࡟ᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪┤ᚄ⣙ 1 nm ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 DNA (ssDNA)ࡢ᳨ฟࡸ㓄ิ ࢩ ࣮ ࢣ ࣥ ࢫ ࡟㐺 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᣲ ࡆࡽ ࢀ ࡿ㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ௚ ࡟ Mycobacterium
smegmatis porin A (MspA)ࡸ Aerolysin ࡞࡝㸪୺࡟┤ᚄ 1-2 nm ⛬ᗘࡢ⭷㈏㏻ࢳࣕ
ࢿࣝࡀࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ ࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ(ᅗ 1)㸬⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁௨እ࡟ࡶ㸪ᅛయᮦᩱ࡟ࢼࣀᏍࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿᅛయࢼࣀ࣏࢔[1]ࡸ㸪᭱㏆࡛ࡣ DNA origami ࡛స〇ࡋࡓࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[2]㸬
㸰㸧ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ ࡢࢭࢵࢺ࢔ࢵࣉ
ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪஧ࡘࡢ࢙࢘ࣝ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㟁ᴟ(୍⯡ⓗ࡟ Ag/AgCl㟁ᴟࢆ౑⏝)ࢆタ⨨ࡋ㸪࢙࢘ࣝෆࢆ㟁ゎ㉁⁐ᾮ(୺࡟ሷ໬࣒࢝ࣜ࢘⁐ᾮ)࡛‶ࡓࡋࡓࡢࡕ㸪ࡑࡢቃ⏺㠃࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ࡓࡵ㸪⬡㉁࡟ࡣᐊ࡛ 㧗 ࠸ Ᏻ ᐃ ᛶ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ே ᕤ ⬡ ㉁ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ diphytanoyl

phosphatidylcholine (DPhPC)ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸㸬㟁ᴟ࡜ࡋ࡚ Ag/AgCl ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡿ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㟁ᴟ⾲㠃࡛㖟࡜ሷ໬㖟ࡢ㛫࡛ᖖ࡟㓟໬㑏ඖ཯ᛂࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪㟁఩ࡀᖖ࡟୍ᐃ࡟ಖࡓࢀࡿ㸦ᖹ⾮㟁఩㸧ࡓࡵศᴟࡀ㉳ࡁࡎ㟁ᴟ㛫࡟௵ពࡢ㟁఩໙㓄ࡀᙧᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㟁ゎ㉁࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣሷ໬࣒࢝ࣜ࢘ࡀ୍⯡࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪⁐ᾮෆ࡛ࡢሷ໬≀࢖࢜ࣥ࡜࣒࢝ࣜ࢘࢖࢜ࣥࡢ⛣ືᗘࡀ࡯ࡰ➼ࡋࡃṇ㈇ࡢࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫᕪࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᖹ㠃⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷స〇ἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ」ᩘ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ୍ࡘ࡟㸪1972 ᖺ࡟ Montal
࡜ Mueller ࡟ࡼࡾⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ Montal-Mueller (MM)ἲ[3]ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬MM ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪᥋ゐ㠃ࡢ୍㒊ࡀ㛤ཱྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஧ࡘࡢ࢙࢘ࣝ࡟Ỉ⁐ᾮࢆ⁲ୗࡋ㸪Ẽᾮ⏺㠃࡟⬡㉁ࡢ༢ᒙ⭷ࢆᗈࡆࡓࡢࡕ㸪Ỉ㠃ࢆୖୗࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㛤ཱྀ㒊࡟஧ศᏊ⭷ࢆస

ᅗ 2 ᖹ㠃⬡㉁⭷స〇ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ MM ἲࡢᴫせ(a) Ẽᾮ⏺㠃ࡢୖୗື࡟ࡼࡾ⬡㉁⭷ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ (Reprinted from ⏕≀≀⌮ 2015 [4])㸬
(b) ᾮ⁲᥋ゐἲࡢᴫせ㸬஧ࡘࡢἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࢆ᥋ゐࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ቃ⏺㠃࡟⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ(Reprinted from Sci. Rep. 2013 [5])㸬

〇ࡍࡿ(ᅗ 2a)㸬௚࡟ࡶ㸪⬡㉁⁐ᾮࢆ┤᥋✰࡟ሬᕸࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ࢆᙧ
ᡂࡍࡿ Painting ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢస〇ἲࡣ⩦ᚓ࡟᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿ௚㸪⭷ࡢᏳᐃᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚ 2006 ᖺ࡟ Funakoshi ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
᪂ࡓ࡟ᥦၐࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀᾮ⁲᥋ゐἲ[6]࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᾮ⁲᥋ゐἲ࡛ࡣ㸪␯Ỉᛶࡢ෇ᙧࡢ
࢙࢘ࣝ࡟⬡㉁⁐ᾮ࡜Ỉ⁐ᾮࢆ㡰࡟⁲ୗࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪⬡㉁⁐ᾮࡣ෇ᙧࡢ࢙࢘
ࣝࡢഃ㠃࡟ᗈࡀࡾ㸪እഃ࡟␯Ỉᛶᑿ㒊ࢆྥࡅࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ≧ែ࡛஧ࡘࡢᾮ⁲ࢆ᥋ゐࡉࡏࡿ࡜᥋ゐ㠃࡟ᖹ㠃⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷ࡀస〇ࡉࢀࡿ(ᅗ 2b)㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࢆࡉ
ࡽ࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ㸪ᾮ⁲ࡢ᥋ゐ㠃✚ࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⭷ࡢᏳᐃᛶࢆ㣕㌍ⓗ࡟ྥୖࡉࡏ㸪࠾ࡼࡑ஧㐌㛫ࡢ⭷ࡢಖᣢࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓ[5]㸬
㸱㸧ࢳࣕࢿࣝ㟁ὶࡢぢ᪉࡜ゎᯒἲୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ᖹ㠃⭷ࢆస〇ࡋࡓࡢࡕ㸪⬡㉁஧ศᏊ⭷࡟ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࡀᙧᡂࡉ

䠎䠊䠔㻌 䝘䝜䝫䜰䛻䜘䜛୍ศᏊィ 䛸⭷䝀䞊䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ㻌 ࢀࡿ࡜㸪࢖࢜ࣥ⏤᮶ࡢ㟁ὶࡀὶࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᚤᑠ㟁ὶࢆࣃࢵࢳࢡࣛࣥࣉ࢔ࣥࣉ࡟
ࡼࡾቑᖜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅗ 3a ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㟁ὶࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪㟁ὶࡢୖ᪼ᖜࡢࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ(㟁ὶ/㟁ᅽ)࡜࣏࢔ࡢ඲㛗㸪࢖࢜ࣥࡢ᢬ᢠ⋡࠿ࡽ㸪
Hille ࡢᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ࣏࢔ࡢ┤ᚄࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ[7]㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢࢼࣀ࣏࢔ෆࢆ࢖࢜ࣥࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞≀㉁ࡀ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ࡜㸪࢖࢜ࣥࡢὶࢀࡀ୍᫬ⓗ࡟㜼ᐖࡉࢀ㸪㟁ὶ್ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ(ᅗ 3b)㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࡢ㜼ᐖ㟁ὶࡢ㸪㜼ᐖ᫬㛫࡜㜼ᐖ⋡ࢆ 2 ḟඖࣉࣟࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡾࢢࣛࣇ໬ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㏻㐣ࡍࡿ≀㉁ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡸ≉ᛶ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࡑࡢศᕸࡀኚࢃࡿ(ᅗ 3c)[8]ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㏻㐣ศᏊࡢྠᐃࢆ⤫ィⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ 3 ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢆὶࢀࡿ㟁ὶ(a) ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜㟁ὶ್ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿ㸬(b) ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ෆࢆศᏊࡀ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ࡜㜼ᐖ㟁ὶࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿ (Reprinted from Anal. Chem. 2017 [9])㸬(c) 㜼ᐖ⋡(㜼ᐖ㟁ὶ್)࡜㜼ᐖ᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋࡓࢫ࢟ࣕࢵࢱࣉࣟࢵࢺ㸬㏻㐣ศᏊࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾศᕸ࡟ᕪ␗ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ (Reprinted from ACS
Nano 2013 [8])㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔⮬యࡢᛶ㉁࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㟁ὶィ࡛ホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡࠸ࡿ㸬࣏࢔࡟࠿ࡅࡓ㟁ᅽ࡜࣏࢔ࢆὶࢀࡿ㟁ὶ್ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࣉࣟࢵࢺ(I-V curve)ࡋ
ࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪࣏࢔ᙧ≧ࡀᑐ⛠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡯࡝ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺ࡟⥺ᙧᛶࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ[10]㸬ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ୖୗࡢሷ⃰ᗘ࡟໙㓄ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ I-V curve ࢆసᡂࡍࡿ
࡜㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔⮬యࡢ࢖࢜ࣥ㑅ᢥᛶࢆホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[11]㸬
ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィࡢᛂ⏝'1$ ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫ

㸯㸧DNA ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࡢṔྐ➨୍ୡ௦ࡢࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧ࡛ࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢࣇࣞࢹࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣥ࢞ࡀⓎ᫂ࡋࡓࢧࣥ
࣮࢞ἲࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬1977 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࢧ࣮ࣥ࢞ἲࡣ㸪㓄ิࢆ≉ᐃࡋ
ࡓ࠸ DNA ࢆ㗪ᆺ࡜ࡋ࡚ DNA ࡢᵓᡂᮦᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࢪࢹ࢜࢟ࢩࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻ
(dNTP)ࢆຍ࠼ᵝࠎ࡞㛗ࡉࡢ DNA ᩿∦ࢆྜᡂࡋ㸪㓄ิࢆỴᐃࡋࡓ[12]㸬1990ᖺ࡟ጞࡲࡗࡓࠕࣄࢺࢤࣀ࣒ィ⏬࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࢧ࣮ࣥ࢞ἲࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪2003 ᖺ࡟඲㓄ิࡢゎㄞ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ฎ⌮ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡀ㐜ࡃ㸪ࣄࢺ 1 ேศࡢࢤࣀ࣒ࢆ
ゎㄞࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᩘᖺࢆせࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ฎ⌮ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ㸪2005 ᖺ࡟ࡣ➨஧ୡ௦ࡢࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧࡀⓏሙࡋࡓ㸬➨஧ୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧ࡛ࡣ኱㔞ࡢ DNA ᩿∦ࢆ୪ิࡋ࡚ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ 100㹼
1 ༓ಸࡢゎㄞ㏿ᗘࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ➨஧ୡ௦ࡲ࡛ࡢࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫ࡛ࡣ DNA ࡢቑᖜࡀᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࢚࣮ࣛቑᖜ➼ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛➨୕ୡ௦ࡸ➨ᅄୡ௦࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ DNA ࡢቑᖜࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸୍ศᏊࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧࡀⓏሙࡋࡓ㸬➨୕ୡ௦࡛ࡣ㸪⺯ග᳨ฟࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪ࢼࣀ࢙࢘ࣝᇶ┙࡟ᅛᐃࡉࢀࡓ 1 ศᏊࡢ
DNA ࡜࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ሷᇶࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࡏᨺฟࡉࢀࡓ⺯ගศᏊࢆࣔࢽ
ࢱࡍࡿࡇ࡜୍࡛ศᏊࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓ(Zero-Mode Waveguide)㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪㟁Ẽ᳨ฟࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㓝⣲཯ᛂࢆᚲせ࡜ࡏࡎ DNA ࢆ┤᥋᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࢼࣀ࣏
࢔ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧࡀⓏሙࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ Oxford Nanopore ♫ࡢ MinION ࡣ㸪
USB ࡯࡝ࡢᑠᆺ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㧗࠸⢭ᗘ࡜ࣟࣥࢢ࣮ࣜࢻࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ୍ศᏊࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧࡢⓏሙ࡛ࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ⳙ኱࡞㈝⏝ࢆせࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢤࣀ࣒ゎᯒࢥࢫࢺࢆ኱ᖜ࡟పୗࡉࡏ (ᅗ 4)㸪ࣄࢺࢤࣀ࣒ࢆ$1000 ࡛ゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ[13].
㸰㸧ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࡢṔྐࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㸪1996 ᖺ㸪Kasianowicz ࡽ࡟ࡼࡾ PNASㄅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ[14-15]㸬ࡇࡢㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࢼࣀ
ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᏍࢆ 1 ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡀ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ሷᇶࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡾ࢖࢜ࣥ㟁ὶ್ࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ DNA ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࡀỴᐃ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬䠎䠊䠔㻌 䝘䝜䝫䜰䛻䜘䜛୍ศᏊィ 䛸⭷䝀䞊䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ㻌 ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧ࡟ࡣ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ αHL ࡸ MspA ࡜࠸ࡗࡓDNA ࢆ㏻㐣ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ෆࡢ DNA ㏻㐣㏿ᗘࡀ㏿ࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ୍ሷᇶࡈ࡜࡟␗࡞ࡿ࢖࢜ࣥ㟁ὶࡢィࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪ゎㄞ࢚࣮ࣛ࡞࡝ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓ[16]㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ⁐ᾮࡢ⢓ᛶቑ኱ࡸ㟁ᅽࡢㄪ⠇࡞࡝≀⌮ⓗ᮲௳ࡢ᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᵝࠎ࡞᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀᅗ 4 ࢤࣀ࣒ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࡢࢥࢫࢺ᥎⛣(Reprinted from National Human Genome Research Institute [17])ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡟࣮࣊ࣜ࢝ࢮࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜
࡛ DNA ࡢ㏻㐣㏿ᗘࡀไᚚࡉࢀࡓ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣㄞࡳࡓ࠸㓄ิࡢᮎ➃࡟࣮ࣔࢱ࣮
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ௜࠸ࡓ࢔ࢲࣉࢱ࣮㓄ิࢆ௜ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࣏࢔㏻㐣᫬࡟࣮ࣔࢱ࣮
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ࡼࡾ 2 ᮏ㙐ࡀ 1 ᮏ㙐࡜࡞ࡾࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜ DNA ࡀ࣏࢔ෆࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ(ᅗ 5)㸬⌧ᅾ㸪Oxford Nanopore Technologies ♫࠿ࡽⓎ኎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ DNA ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧ MinION (ᅗ 6)ࡣ㸪ᑠᆺ࠿ࡘ$1000 ࡜࠸࠺ప౯᱁ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡛ㄞ
ࡳྲྀࡗࡓሷᇶࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࡟ゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓㄞࡳྲྀࡾ⢭ᗘࡶ 97.4%ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ឤᰁ⑕➼ࡢ࢘࢖ࣝࢫࡸ⣽⳦㢮ࡢࡑࡢሙデ᩿ࡀᮇᚅࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧ࡛ࡣ㸪DNA ࡢቑᖜࡸྜᡂࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ DNA ࡸ RNA ࡟࢔ࢲࣉࢱ࣮ࢆ௜ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛┤᥋ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࡀ⾜࠼ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵᢳฟࡋࡓ DNA ࡸ RNA ࡢࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ㛗ࡉ࡟౫Ꮡࡋࡓ࣮ࣜࢻ㛗ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪800 kb ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㛗㙐ࡢ DNA ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡࠸ࡿ[14]㸬
'1$

࣮ࣔࢱ࣮
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢼࣀ࣏࢔

ᅗ 5 ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡟ࡼࡿ DNA ࡢゎㄞ (Reprinted from F1000Research 2017 [18])ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィࡢᛂ⏝㸸᰾㓟௨እࡢศᏊ

㸯㸧పศᏊ໬ྜ≀๓㏙ࡢࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࣏࢔ࡢ┤ᚄ࡜ᶆⓗศᏊࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ㏆࠸ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࣏࢔ࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᶆⓗศᏊࡢࢧ࢖ࢬ
ࡀᑠࡉࡍࡂࡿ࡜㸪ศᏊࡢ࣏࢔ෆ㏻㐣ࡀ㏿ࡍࡂ࡚㜼ᐖ㟁ὶ(ᅗ 3b)ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪᰾㓟௨እࡢศᏊ㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅపศᏊ໬ྜ≀࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᑠࡉ࡞ศ
Ꮚࡢ᳨ฟ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ෆ࡟ಟ㣭ࢆ᪋ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ࣏࢔ᚄࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛
᳨ฟࢆࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪1999 ᖺ࡟ࡣ Gu ࡽࡀኚ␗ αHLෆ࡟ࢩࢡࣟࢹ࢟ࢫࢺࣜࣥࢆᤄධ࣭␃⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࣏࢔ᚄࢆ⊃ࡵ㸪᭷ᶵศᏊࡢ
᳨ฟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ[19]㸬
ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪஧✀㢮௨ୖࡢ㔠ᒓ࢖࢜ࣥࡢྠᐃ[20]ࡸ㸪⸆≀ࡢගᏛ␗ᛶయࡢุู[21]ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ αHL ࣏࢔㒊ศࡢ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟࡟ኚ␗ࢆຍ࠼㸪ᶆⓗศᏊ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼࡾᶆⓗศᏊࡢྠᐃࢆ⡆༢࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௚࡟ࡶ➹⪅ࡽࡣ αHL ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢥ࢝࢖ࣥࡢ᳨ฟࢆ
ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[22]㸬ࢥ࢝࢖ࣥ≉␗ⓗ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ DNA ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࢆ࣏࢔ෆ࡟ᤄ
ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪୍ศᏊࡢ㑅ᢥⓗ᳨ฟࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋ(ᅗ 7a)㸪300 ng/mL ࡢ⃰ᗘࡢࢥ࢝࢖ࣥࢆ 60 ⛊௨ෆ࡟᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ෆ⎔ቃࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼࡾ≉␗ⓗ࠿ࡘ㧗ឤᗘ࡞᳨ฟࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬䠎䠊䠔㻌 䝘䝜䝫䜰䛻䜘䜛୍ศᏊィ 䛸⭷䝀䞊䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ㻌 ᅗ 6 ᑠᆺࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧ MinION (Reprinted from Biotechnol. J. 2018 [23]).
㸰㸧㧗ศᏊ໬ྜ≀ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡛ィ

࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣపศᏊࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬2007 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㸪Robertson ࡽࡀ αHL ෆ࡟኱ࡁࡉࡢ㐪࠺࣏࢚ࣜࢳࣞࣥࢢࣜࢥ࣮ࣝࢆᤄධࡋ㸪㜼ᐖ㟁ὶࡢ኱ࡁ
ࡉ࠿ࡽ㉁㔞ศᯒࡀ⾜࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ(ᅗ 7b)[24]㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿᅛయࢼࣀ
࣏࢔ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸪࣏ࣜࢫࢳࣞࣥ࡞࡝ࡢ㧗ศᏊࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢ᳨ฟࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[25]㸬
㉁㔞ࡸ኱ࡁࡉࡀ᪤▱ࡢ㧗ศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐃࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィࡀ⁐ᾮ୰ࡢศᏊࡢࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࣭㠀◚ቯ࡛ࡢ≉ᛶỴᐃ࡟᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬㸱㸧ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ ᚑ᮶⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ αHL ࡞࡝ࡢ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ࣏࢔ࢧ࢖ࢬ
ࡀ 1-2 nm ⛬࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞≀㉁ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ศᏊ࡞࡝ᩘ nm ௨ୖࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࢆࡶࡘศᏊࡸ⢏Ꮚࢆ᳨ฟࡍ
ࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟㸪ᅛయࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ㸪ᅛయᮦᩱ࡟ேᕤⓗ࡟Ꮝࢆᙧᡂࡋ
ࡓࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸㸬ࡇࡢᅛయᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪❅໬ࢣ࢖⣲⭷ࡸࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥ࡞࡝ࡀ౑ࢃࢀ㸪TEM ࡛㟁Ꮚ⥺ࢆᙜ࡚⣽Ꮝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᅛయࢼ
ࣀ࣏࢔ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪BSA[26]ࡸ࢔ࣅࢪࣥ[27]㸪ࣉࣟࢸ࢔࣮ࢮ[28]࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ࢱࣥࣃ
ࢡ㉁ࡢ᳨ฟࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᅛయࢼࣀ࣏࢔௨እ࡟ࡶ㸪➹⪅ࡽࡣᚑ᮶⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ෌ᵓᡂࢆヨࡳ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ Perforin ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ GranzymeB ࡢ᳨ฟࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[9]㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡ᅗ 7 ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ ୍ศᏊィ(a) DNA ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢼࣀ࣏࢔୍ศᏊィ 㸬ࢥ࢝࢖ࣥศᏊᏑᅾୗ࡛ࡣ DNA ࡜」ྜయࢆ
ᙧᡂࡋ࣏࢔ࢆሰࡄ (Reprinted from J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011 [22])㸬 (b) αHL ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ PEG ࡢ㉁㔞
ศᯒ㸬ᐇ㝿ࡢ MS(ྑୗ)ྠᵝ㸪ศᏊ㔞≉␗ⓗ࡞㜼ᐖ㟁ὶ್(ྑୖ)ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ (Reprinted from J. R.
Soc. Interface 2018 [29]).


ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ

ࡢᛂ⏝PLFUR51$

㸯㸧microRNA ࡜ࡣ
microRNA(miRNA)ࡣ 21~25 ሷᇶ⛬ᗘ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࣀࣥࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ RNA ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪┿᰾⏕≀࡟࠾࠸࡚㑇ఏᏊࡢ㌿෗ᚋⓎ⌧ㄪ⠇࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬miRNAࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ࣊࢔ࣆࣥᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ pri-miRNA ࡜ࡋ࡚㌿෗ࡉࢀ,ࡑࡢᚋ RNA ศゎ㓝⣲ Drosha ࡟ࡼࡾ୰㛫⏘≀ pre-miRNA ࡟ኚ᥮ࡉࢀࡿ㸬Pre-miRNA ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ Dicer࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ษ᩿ࡉࢀ஧ᮏ㙐ࡢ miRNA ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ∦᪉ࡶࡋࡃࡣ୧᪉ࡀ miRNA࡜࡞ࡾ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ㄪ⠇ࢆ⾜࠺(ᅗ 8) [31]㸬miRNA ࡣ⣽⬊ࡸჾᐁ࣭⮚ჾࡢศ໬࡬
ࡢ㛵୚ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⒴⣽⬊࠿ࡽࡢ㐣๫Ⓨ⌧ࡸ⒴ࡢ㌿⛣ࡸᾐ₶࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

䠎䠊䠔㻌 䝘䝜䝫䜰䛻䜘䜛୍ศᏊィ 䛸⭷䝀䞊䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ㻌 ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ miRNA ࢆࣂ࢖࣐࣮࣮࢜࢝࡜ࡋࡓデ᩿ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ
ᵓ⠏ࡸ miRNA ࡢ␗ᖖⓎ⌧ࢆᢚไࡍࡿ἞⒪⸆ࡢ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ 8 miRNA ⏕ྜᡂ⤒㊰ (Modified Circ. Heart. Fail. 2014 [31])㸬
㸰㸧୍⯡ⓗ࡞ miRNA ࡢ᳨ฟἲmiRNA ࡢ᳨ฟ࡟ࡣ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࢔ࣞ࢖ἲࡸᐃ㔞ⓗ㏫㌿෗ PCR ἲࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࢔ࣞ࢖ἲࡣࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ⏝࠸࡚ miRNA ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࢞ࣛࢫᇶᯈୖ࡟ᩘ༓࠿ࡽᩘ୓✀㢮ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ᑐ
ᛂࡋࡓ miRNA ࢆྠ᫬࡟᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ప⃰ᗘࡢ miRNA ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣឤᗘࡀపࡃ㸪⢭〇ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪ᶆⓗ miRNA ࡢᩘࡔࡅࣉ࣮ࣟ
ࣈࢆ⏝ពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࢥࢫࢺࡢቑ኱ࡀㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ᐃ㔞ⓗ㏫㌿෗ PCR ࡣ㸪miRNA ࢆ㗪ᆺ࡜ࡋ࡚ cDNA ࢆస〇ࡋ㸪PCR ࡟ࡼࡾቑᖜࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛Ⓨ⌧㔞ࢆᐃ㔞ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪▷㙐ࡢ miRNA ࢆቑᖜࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ๓ฎ⌮ࡸ㏫㌿෗཯ᛂ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᧯సࡢ↹㞧ࡉࡢࡓࡵ᳨ฟࡲ࡛࡟᫬㛫ࢆせࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ[32].
㸱㸧ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡟ࡼࡿ miRNA ィࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ㸸miRNA Ⓨ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥㄆ㆑

࡟ࡼࡿ miRNA ࡢ᳨ฟࡣ㸪㎿㏿㸪ࣛ࣋ࣝࣇ࣮ࣜ㸪㟁Ẽⓗ᳨ฟ࡜࠸࠺࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㏫㌿෗཯ᛂࡸ PCR ཯ᛂࢆ௓ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ┤᥋ miRNA ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⒴≉␗ⓗ࡟㐣๫Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿmiRNA ࡢ᳨ฟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬Wang ࡽࡣ㸪⫵⒴≉␗ⓗ࡟㐣๫Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿ miR155 ࢆࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡜ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢬࡉࡏ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔᳨࡛ฟࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ miRNA
༢యࡸࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ༢య࡟ẚ࡭࡚㛗᫬㛫ࡢ㟁ὶ㜼ᐖࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ⫵⒴ᝈ⪅ࡢ⾑₢ࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝ miR-155 ࡢ᳨ฟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ೺
ᖖ⪅ࡼࡾࡶࡇࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀከࡃほᐹࡉࢀࡓ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[33]㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⒴➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬࡟␗ᖖⓎ⌧ࢆ♧ࡍ miRNA ࡣ 1 ✀㢮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪␗࡞ࡿ⒴࡛␗࡞ࡿᅗ 9 AND ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ miRNA Ⓨ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥㄆ㆑
(Reprinted from Anal.Chem. 2018 [33])miRNA ࡢⓎ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪⒴≉␗ⓗ࡞ miRNA Ⓨ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢㄆ㆑ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢᢏ⾡࡜ DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᢏ⾡ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡛⒴≉␗ⓗ miRNA Ⓨ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢㄆ㆑ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᢏ⾡࡜ࡣ㸪DNA ศᏊࢆ⏝࠸࡚ィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ AND ₇⟬ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ⓨ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢㄆ㆑࡟ᡂຌ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᑠ⣽⬊⫵⒴࡟࠾࠸࡚㐣๫Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿ஧✀㢮ࡢ miRNA ࢆධຊศᏊ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡀྠ᫬࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿሙྜࡢࡳ DNA ࡜ miRNA ࡀᅄࡘཫᵓ㐀ࢆసࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࢆฟຊศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢼࣀ࣏࢔࡟ࡼࡾ㜼ᐖ᫬㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ฟຊࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛Ⓨ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢㄆ㆑ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓ(ᅗ 9) [34]㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ᑠ⣽⬊⫵⒴࠿ࡽศἪࡉࢀࡿ miR-20a ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ㸪ᑠ⣽⬊⫵⒴ࡢ⭘⒆ᢚ
ไࢆ⾜࠺࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫ᰾㓟་⸆ࢆ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟ྜᡂࡋᨺฟࡍࡿࠕࢭࣛࣀࢫࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ
㸦therapy + diagnosis㸧ࠖ⣔ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[35]㸬ᐇ㝿ࡢデ᩿࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ miRNA ࡢ⃰ᗘࡀၥ㢟࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡀ miRNA ࢆ➼ቑᖜ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ᳨ฟ

ྍ⬟࡞⃰ᗘ࡟ࡲ࡛ቑᖜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ప⃰ᗘ࠿ࡽࡢ᳨ฟ࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[36]㸬ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜ 1 ࣇ࢙࣒ࢺࣔࣝࡢ miRNA ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡶ᳨ฟࡀ⾜࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪యᾮ࠿ࡽ┤᥋᳨ᰝࡍࡿ⡆᫆デ᩿࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢱࣥࣃࢡࡣ⬡㉁⭷࡟ࢼࣀᏍࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢬ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟≀㉁ࢆཷື㍺㏦ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓィ࣋ࣝࡢࡣ㟁Ẽⓗ㸪ࣛ࣋ࣝࣇ࣮ࣜ㸪㎿㏿࡟୍ศᏊࣞ

ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢼࣀ࣏࢔ィ࡟ࡼࡾ⭷ࢤ࣮ࢺ࡜࡞ࡿ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡸேᕤ⭷ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢᶵ⬟ホ౯㸫࣏࢔ࢧ࢖ࢬ㸪ศᏊ㑅ᢥᛶ࡞࡝㸫ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬䠎䠊䠔㻌 䝘䝜䝫䜰䛻䜘䜛୍ศᏊィ 䛸⭷䝀䞊䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ㻌 ࡲࡓ DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᢏ⾡࡜ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢឤ
ぬ࡜▱⬟ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞
ࢭࣛࣀࢫࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ᆺࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ᦚ㍕ࡋ㸪⭘⒆㏆ഐ࡟㏆
࡙ࡃ࡜㸪㧗⃰ᗘ࡟ศἪࡉࢀࡓ⒴࣐࣮࣮࢝miRNA ࡀࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢆ௓ࡋ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒
ෆ࡟ධࡿ㸬ࡍࡿ࡜ෆ㒊࡛࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫ⸆๣ࢆྜᡂࡋ㸪㧗ᾐ㏱ᅽ࡟ࡼࡾ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮
࣒ࢆ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟ᔂቯࡉࡏ⸆๣ࢆᨺฟࡍࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞デ᩿࡜἞⒪ࢆྠ᫬࡟⾜࠺ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ㐀ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬[1]

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➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ᢏ⾡

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㻌

䠏䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㻌 ➨䠏❶㻌 㻌
ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䛯䜑䛾ศᏊ䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊㻌㻌䠏䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㻌 㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌DNA ࢆᮃࡳࡢ஧ḟඖ/୕ḟඖࢼࣀᵓ㐀࡬࡜ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞
ᢏ⾡㸬2006 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚௨㝆㸪ࡑࡢⓎᒎ࡜ᬑཬࡣࡵࡊࡲࡋࡃ㸪௒ࡸࡍࡗ࠿
ࡾ DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐃ␒ᢏ⾡࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢタィཎ⌮࡜㐍Ṍࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ືྥࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸㸬஧ḟඖ䛾 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭㻌DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㛗㙐୍ᮏ㙐 DNA ࢆከᩘࡢ▷㙐୍ᮏ㙐 DNA㸦ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᮃࡳࡢᙧ≧࡬࡜ᢡࡾࡓࡓࡴࡇ࡜࡛
ᚓࡽࢀࡿࢹࢨ࢖ࣥྍ⬟࡞ DNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1㸧[1]㸬
DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢタィࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿᙧ≧ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ
࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࡢ⤒㊰㸦ࣃࢫ㸧ࢆᥥࡃ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ㸬୍⯡࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹ⾜࡟୪ࢇࡔ㉮ᰝ⥺࡟ἢࡗ࡚⎔≧୍ᮏ㙐ࢆ୍➹᭩ࡁࡢせ㡿࡛ࢪࢢࢨࢡ࡟ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ㸬㸦ཝᐦ࡟ࡣไ⣙ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡀ㸪㸧᪥ᮏேࡢឤぬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕᢡࡾ⣬ࠖࡼࡾࡶࠕ࠶ࡸ
࡜ࡾࠖ࡟㏆࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࡣ୍ᮏࡢ⣣࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣᙧ≧ࡣᅛᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇࡔᙧ≧ࢆᅛᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪┦⿵㙐࡜ࡋ࡚ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࢆ࠶࡚ࡀ࠸㸪ᵓ㐀ࢆᙧ࡙ࡃࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㙐࡛஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆᙧᡂࡉࡏࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㝿㸪ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࡢ㞳ࢀࡓ୕ࣨᡤࢆᢪࡁྜࢃࡏ㸪ᖹ⾜࡟㞄ࡾྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡟ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢ㓄ิࢆタィࡍࡿ㸬2006 ᖺ࡟ Rothemund ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ஧ḟඖ DNA ࣑࡛࢜ࣜ࢞࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡣࢲࣈࣝࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮㸦DX㸧ࢱ࢖ࣝ࡞࡝ࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢ࢔ࢭࣥࣈࣜ࠿ࡽⓎᒎࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬஧ḟඖ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀ࢆᙧ࡙ࡃࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ஧
㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡀྠ୍ᖹ㠃ୖ࡟୪ࡪࡼ࠺࡟㸪୍ᐃ࿘ᮇࡈ࡜࡟ࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪1.5 ࢱ࣮ࣥࡈ࡜࡟ࡽࡏࢇࡢ཯ᑐഃ࡟ࢡࣟࢫ࢜
࣮ࣂ࣮ࡀ఩⨨ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࡜ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢ⤒㊰ࢆㄪᩚࡋ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

࡚࠸ࡃ㸦ᅗ 1b㸧
㸬B ᆺ DNA ࡢᵓ㐀࿘ᮇ㸦10.5 bp㸧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࡜㸪ࡇࡢ 1.5 ࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ⣙ 16 ሷᇶ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㸬㏻ᖖ㸪ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡣ 16 ሷᇶࡈ࡜࡟ࡽࡏࢇࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡟㓄⨨ࡉࢀ㸪๓ࡢࡽࡏࢇ࡜཯ᑐഃࡢḟࡢࡽࡏࢇ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ 8 bp ࡎࡘ஧ᮏ㙐ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ྛࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ
㙐ࡢ㓄ิ㛗ࡣ 32(=8+16+8)ሷᇶࡀ┠Ᏻ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢస〇࡟ᚲせ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢᮏᩘࡣ㸪ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࡢ඲㛗ࡸࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪7249 nt ࡢ M13mp18 ssDNA㸦ヲ⣽ᚋ㏙㸧ࢆࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࡜ࡋ㸪100 nm100 nm ⛬ᗘࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆస〇ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪⣙ 230 ✀⛬ᗘࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡣᮃࡳࡢᙧ≧࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚㓄ิタィࡉࢀ㸪ྠࡌሷᇶ㓄ิࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢࢭࢵࢺࢆኚ᭦ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ูࡢᙧ≧ࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ㸯 DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞స〇ࡢὶࢀ㸦a㸧㛗㙐⎔≧୍ᮏ㙐 DNA㸦ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐㸧ࢆᵓ㐀࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚㓄ิタィࡋࡓከᩘࡢ▷࠸┦⿵㙐㸦ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᮃࡳࡢᙧ≧࡬࡜ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ㸬㏻ᖖ㸪ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࡜ᚲせ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢΰྜ⁐ᾮࢆຍ⇕࣭ᚎ෭㸦࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢ㸧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪DNA ࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ࡟ࡼࡾタィࡋࡓࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ㸬(b)஧ḟඖ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡀྠ
୍ᖹ㠃࡟୪ࡪࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࡢ㛫㝸ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ㸬䠏䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㻌 DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᢏ⾡ࡀᛴ㏿࡟ᬑཬࡋࡓ୍ᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ࠶ࡆࡽ
ࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬
୕ḟඖ䛾 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭㻌୕ḟඖࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣ㸪஧ḟඖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿタィ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᣑᙇࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛స〇࡛ࡁࡿ㸬2009 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㸪ୡ⏺ྛᅜࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࠿ࡽࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ 3 ḟඖDNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡀ┦ḟ࠸࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ[2-5]㸬సᡂ᪉ἲࡣ኱ࡁࡃศࡅ࡚஧✀࡟኱ู࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣ㸪஧ḟඖࡢ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᖹ㠃ࢆ୰✵≧ࡢከ㠃యᵓ㐀࡬࡜ᢡࡾࡓ
ࡓࡴᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧[2,4,5]㸬ࡇࡢᡭἲ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪୍ᮏࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝ
ࢻ㙐ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ከ㠃యࡢᒎ㛤ᅗ࡜࡞ࡿ஧ḟඖᖹ㠃ࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆタィࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡬㸪ྛ㠃ࡢ➃ྠኈࢆᣦᐃࡢ᥋⥆㛵ಀ࡛⧅ࡂ࡜ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞㓄ิࢆᑟධࡋ㸪୕ḟඖⓗ࡟⤌ࡳ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛┠ⓗࡢከ㠃యᵓ㐀ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ㸬Anderson ࡽࡀస〇ࡋࡓ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࣎ࢵࢡࢫࡣ㸪❧᪉యࡢ୍㠃ࡀ㛤㛢࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺タィࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪DNA 㙐ࡢ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ㛤ࡅ㛢ࡵࡀไᚚࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[2].ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
㛤㛢ᶵᵓࢆഛ࠼ࡓ୰✵ᵓ㐀ࡢ㨩ຊࡣ㸪ఱ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶෆ㒊࡟ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศᏊࢆ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡓศᏊࢆ≉ᐃࡢ่⃭࡛ᨺฟࡉࡏ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㔠ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡸࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ࣮࢝ࢦ࡜ࡋࡓ౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[6]㸬

ᅗ㸰 ஧ḟඖࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ୕ḟඖᵓ㐀㸦a㸧ṇඵ㠃య DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢᒎ㛤ᅗ㸬㸦b㸧㔠ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࢆᑟධࡋࡓ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࢝
ࣉࢭࣝ㸬ග཯ᛂ࡜㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢ㛤㛢࡜㔠ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢᨺฟ᧯సࡀྍ⬟ 6㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ ୕ḟඖ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀ࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢᡭἲࡣ㸪Douglas ࡽ࡟ࡼࡾ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ[3]㸬B ᆺ DNA ࡣ 21 bp ࡛ 2 ࢱ࣮ࣥࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪7 bp ࡈ࡜࡟ 2/3
㸦240°㸧
ࢱ࣮ࣥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛫㝸࡛ࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋ㸪DNA ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆ㞄᥋ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜㸪120°ࡢゅᗘ࡛ DNA ࡢ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡀࣈ࣮ࣜࢶ㸦ᢡࡾࡦࡔ㸧≧࡟୪ࢇࡔࢩ࣮ࢺࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆᒙ≧࡟ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇ
࡛࠸ࡃ࡜㸪᩿㠃࡟ DNA ࡢ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡀ⻏ࡢᕢ㸦ࣁࢽ࣒࢝㸧≧࡟㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡓ୕ḟඖᵓ㐀ࢆᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿ㸬᩿㠃ࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡕ࡞ࢇ࡛㸪ࣁࢽ࣒࢝ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡜ࡶ
࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࣁࢽ࣒࢝ᆺࡢᡭἲ࡛స〇ࡋࡓ୕ḟඖ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟ࡡࡌࢀࡸ᭤ࡆࢆᑟ
ධࡍࡿᡭἲࡶ⪃᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[7]㸬
ࣁࢽ࣒࢝≧ࡢ DNA ࣂࣥࢻࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ DNA㙐ࡢ୍㒊ࡔࡅࢆࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮㛫㝸ࡢᇶ‽࡜࡞ࡿ 7 bp ࡼࡾ▷ࡃ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㛗ࡃࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡢኚ໬ࢆゎᾘࡍࡿྥࡁ࡟ࢺࣝࢡࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪ᅗ㸱 ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞୕ḟඖ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞㸦a㸧ࣁࢽ࣒࢝ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢᶍᘧᅗ㸬᩿㠃࡟ࡣ DNA ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡀ⻏ࡢᕢ㸦ࣁࢽ࣒࢝㸧≧࡟୪ࡪ㸬㸦b㸧᭤ࡆ࡜ࡡࡌࡾࡢᑟධ᪉ἲ㸬ࣁࢽ࣒࢝≧࡟୪ࢇࡔࣂࣥࢻࣝࢆ 7 bp ࡈ࡜ࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡟༊
ษࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆᇶ‽࡜࡞ࡿ 7 bp ࠿ࡽኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿ㸬(Reproduced with permission from ref [7], 2009
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).)㸦c㸧᭤ࡆࡸࡡࡌࢀࢆᑟධࡋࡓࣁࢽ࢝
࣒ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢ౛㸬(Reproduced with permission from ref [7], 2009 AAAS.)㸦d㸧᭤⋡ࢆᣢࡗࡓ୰✵୕ḟඖ DNA࣑࢜ࣜ࢞㸬(Reproduced with permission from ref [9], 2014 American Chemical Society(ACS).)

䠏䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㻌 ඲యࡢᙧ≧ࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡀࡽࣂࣛࣥࢫⰋࡃ㒊఩ࡈ࡜ࡢሷᇶᩘㄪᩚࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜㸪ᵓ㐀ࡢ᭤ࡆࡸࡡࡌࢀࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᰂ㌾ᛶ࡜ࣁࢽ࣒࢝≧ࡢࣂࣥࢻࣝࡢሀ∼ࡉࡀୖᡭࡃࣂࣛࣥࢫࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᢏ
ᕦ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬୍ぢ࡛ࡣ㸪࡜࡚ࡶ DNA ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣᛮ࠼࡞࠸」㞧࡞ᙧ≧ࡀ Dietz ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡣࣁࢽ࣒࢝ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⪃᱌ࡉࢀࡓ᭤ࡆࡿᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྠᵝࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆᚑ᮶ࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᐩࢇࡔ
ᙧ≧ࡀస〇ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬DNA 㙐ࡀྠᚰ෇≧࡟୪ࢇࡔ஧ḟඖ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡸ
⌫≧ࡸና≧࡞࡝᭤㠃ࢆᣢࡗࡓ୰✵ࡢ୕ḟඖ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡀ Yan ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ
࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[8,9]㸬
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛⤂௓ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ἲࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜࡶタィࡢᇶᮏࡣ஧
㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆᖹ⾜࡟᮰ࡡ㸪ࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࡛⧅ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㸬㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࢆ㸪஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆᱱ࡜ࡋࡓ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ≧ࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀య࡬࡜ᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇ࡛࠸ࡃᡭἲࡶ⪃᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[10-12]㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ἲ࡜ࡣ
␗࡞ࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸タィᡭἲࡢⓏሙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪DNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࡢᵓ⠏ࡢᖜࡣࡉࡽ࡟ᗈ
ࡀࡾࢆࡳࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬䝇䜻䝱䝣䜷䞊䝹䝗㙐䛾㑅ᐃ䛸ᕤኵ㻌
DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ሷᇶ㓄ิࡀ᪤▱ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐
DNA ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸬㏻ᖖࡣ㸪M13 ࡜࠸࠺ࣇ࢓࣮ࢪ⏤᮶ࡢ⎔≧୍ᮏ㙐 DNA
㸦M13mp18
ssDNA㸪7249 nt㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ M13mp18ssDNA ࡣሷᇶ㓄ิࡀẚ㍑ⓗࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘศᏊෆ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࢆྲྀࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ
ᛶ㉁ࡀつᐃࡢ఩⨨࡬ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢ⤖ྜࢆಖドࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢ
㧗཰⋡స〇ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௒᪥࡛ࡣ㸪M13mp18 ssDNA ࢆᨵኚࡋ㸪㛗ࡃࡋࡓ p8064(8064 nt)ࡸ p7560(7560 nt)࡜࠸ࡗࡓ୍ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡶ㸪DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞⏝ࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࡜ࡋ࡚ᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
㸦8064 ࡶ 7560 ࡶ㸪㸵࡜㸶ࡢබಸᩘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸㸬8064 ࡣ 21 ࡜ 32 ࡢබಸᩘ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬㸧 ᐇ㝿ࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞స〇࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ୖ㏙ࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࡢሷᇶࢆవ
ࡍ࡜ࡇࢁ࡞ࡃࡍ࡭࡚౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡴࡋࢁ⌋ࡋ࠸㸬┠ⓗࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡢᙧ≧࡟ᚲせ࡞㡿ᇦࡢࡳࢆࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐࡜⤖ྜࡉࡏ㸪వࡗࡓ㡿ᇦࡣ୍ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜
ࡋ࡚ᵓ㐀యࡢ㑧㨱࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸఩⨨࡬㏨ࡍࡢࡀ㏻౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮃࡳࡢ࢜ࣜ
࣑࢞ᵓ㐀ࡀᴟ➃࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜࡣ୍ᮏ㙐 DNA 㡿ᇦࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࡍࡂ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

࡝ࡕࡽࡀᵓ㐀ࡢ୺య࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣ㸪M13mp18
ssDNA ࢆไ㝈㓝⣲࡛ษ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㐺ษ࡞㛗ࡉࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࢆ⏝
ពࡍࡿ 13㸬ษࡾฟࡋࡓ୍ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡣ⥺≧ࡢࡲࡲ⏝࠸࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࡀ㸪ࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ⎔≧࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᮎ➃࠿ࡽࡢศゎࢆ㜵ࡄࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬Endo ࡽࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᡭἲ࡛⏝ពࡋࡓࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࠿ࡽࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ␗࡞
ࡿ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢼࣀࢣ࣮ࢪࢆస〇ࡋ㸪ᚤᑠ✵㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ DNA ࡢᅄ㔜㙐ᵓ㐀ࡢᏳᐃ໬ࡢ᳨ドᐇ㦂࡟฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[14]㸬
䝇䝔䞊䝥䝹㙐䛾䜰䝗䝺䝇ᛶ䛸໬Ꮫಟ㣭㻌࠶ࡿ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀ࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝ពࡉࢀࡓࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢࢭࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚஫࠸࡟␗࡞ࡿ㓄ิࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣ
ᗙᶆࡀ࢔ࢻࣞࢫྍ⬟࡞ᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡿ㸬タィୖ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢᮎ➃ࡀタィᅗࡢ⾲㠃࡟ࡃࡿࡢ࠿㸪⿬㠃࡟ࡃࡿࡢ࠿ࡲ࡛Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࠕ࢔ࢻࣞࢫᛶࠖࡣ DNA
࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢ≉➹ࡍ࡭ࡁ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢᮎ➃ᘏ㛗࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ໬Ꮫಟ㣭ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㸪DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢࠕ≉ᐃࡢ㠃ࠖࡢࠕ㸦࡯ࡰ㸧௵ពࡢ఩⨨ࠖ࡟ࡉࡲࡊࡲ
࡞ศᏊࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢᛂ⏝◊✲ࡢከࡃࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ฼
Ⅼ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࢼࣀ཯ᛂሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛂ⏝࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㓝⣲⩌ࢆつᐃࡢ఩⨨㛵ಀ࡛㓄⨨ࡋ㸪ከẁ㝵ࡢ཯ᛂ㸦࢝ࢫࢣ࣮ࢻ཯ᛂ㸧ࢆࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ෌ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪఩⨨㛵ಀ౫Ꮡⓗ࡞⏕཯ᛂຠ⋡ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ
ࡓヨࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[15-16]㸬DNA 㙐ࢆ௵ពࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ
⬟࡛࠶ࡿ 1㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣࡓࡔᶍᵝࢆᥥࡃࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪DNA ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡀ⛣ືࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⥺㊰㸦㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡢ㊊ሙ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[17,18]㸬
㸦ヲ⣽ࡣ㸱㸬㸴⠇㸪㸱㸬㸵⠇ࢆཧ↷㸧㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䛾ከ㔞య໬䞉㞟ྜ໬㻌
DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡣ㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࡢ㛗ࡉ࡟ไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ
㙐ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ㛗ࡃࡍࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ྠኈࢆ㐃⤖ࡋከ㔞య໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ
ࡓ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡿ㸬๓⪅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪኱ࡁ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛⣙ 50000 nt ࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࠿ࡽస〇ࡋࡓ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[19,20]㸬
࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪
M13mp18 ➼ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚㸪཰⋡ࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪୍ࡘࡢᵓ㐀࡟ᚲせ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢ㔞ࡀ⭾኱࡟࡞ࡿ࡞࡝ㄢ㢟ࡶከࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࠶ࡲࡾ฼⏝䠏䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㻌 ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ᚋ⪅ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪2006 ᖺ௨㝆㸪ᛴ㏿࡞Ⓨᒎࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢከ㔞య໬࣭㞟ྜ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪DNA ࡢሷᇶᑐᙧᡂ⬟࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㐃⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᡭἲ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸦ᅗ 4a, b㸧㸬ࡇࡢሙྜ㸪DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢ➃࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᘏ㛗ࡋ㸪┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿ఩⨨㛵ಀ࡛࣑࢜ࣜ࢞㛫ࢆ᥋⥆࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟㓄ิࢆタィࡍࡿ㸬᥋⥆ࡢ᪉ᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ஧ࡘ
ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬(a)ᘏ㛗ࡋࡓࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㓄ิࡀ᥋⥆┦ᡭ࡜࡞ࡿ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㓄ิࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ㸬㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᘏ㛗ࡋࡓࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㓄ิࡣ᥋⥆┦ᡭ࡜࡞ࡿࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐࡜ሷᇶᑐࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸬㸧(b) ᥋⥆┦ᡭࡢ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࠿ࡽࡶࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㓄ิࢆᘏ㛗ࡋ㸪ᘏ㛗ࡋࡓ㓄ิྠኈࡀ┦⿵ⓗ࡞ሷᇶᑐᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡾ஧ᮏ㙐ࢆ⤌ࡴ[21]㸬
࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᘏ㛗ࡍࡿࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢ㓄ิࡸᮏᩘ㸪୪ࡧ᪉ࢆㄪ
ᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⤖ྜࡢᙉࡉࡸ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ྠኈࡢ఩⨨㛵ಀࢆつᐃࡍࡿ㸬㸦b㸧ࡢሙྜ
ࡣ㸪௚ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㓄ิ࡜ࡢ㓄ิ┤⾜ᛶ࡟ࡶὀពࢆᡶ࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ὴ⏕ⓗ࣭ᛂ⏝ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪」ᩘಶࡢ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ୍ᮏࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㐃⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᡭἲ[22]ࡸ㸪㐃⤖㒊࡟㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂࡸගᛂ⟅ᛶ㸪㹮H ᛂ⟅ᛶࡢ࢜ࣜࢦࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㞟ྜ/ゎ㞳ࢆྍ㏫ⓗ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿᡭἲ[23-25]
ࡶᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬┦⿵㙐㛫ࡢሷᇶᑐᙧᡂ࡟ຍ࠼㸪ᖹ⁥ᮎ➃㛫ࡢࢫࢱࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸[26]㸬୍⯡ⓗ࡞ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡀᖹ⾜㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣከ
ᒙ㸧࡟୪ࡪࡇ࡜࡛ᙧ࡙ࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࡀᢡࡾ㏉ࡍ➃㒊ศࡣ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡢᖹ⁥ᮎ➃ሷᇶࡀᐦ࡟୪ࢇࡔ≧ែ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᵓ㐀ⓗᛶ㉁࡟ᇶ
࡙ࡃ࡜㸪」ᩘࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆᖹ⁥ᮎ➃㛫ࡢ π-π ࢫࢱࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐃⤖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡶ㸪⤖ྜ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿᖹ⁥ᮎ➃ࡢᩘࡸᖹ⁥ᮎ➃ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿሷᇶࢆタᐃ࣭㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⤖ྜࡢᙉࡉࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ୖ㏙ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪᥋ゐ㎶/㠃࡟ᙧ≧┦⿵ᛶࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᥋⥆ࡢ≉␗ᛶࢆࡉࡽ࡟ྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ[26-28] 㸦ᅗ 4c, d㸧㸬ᙧ≧ࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ
ࡀྍ⬟࡞ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬᭱᪂ࡢ◊✲౛࡛ࡣ㸪᥋ゐ㎶ࡢᙧ≧┦⿵ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ྛ㎶ࡢෆ㒊࡟✺ฟᮎ➃࡜ᖹ⁥ᮎ➃ࢆᕦࡳ࡟㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪64 ࣆ࣮ࢫࡢ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆつᐃࡢ఩⨨㛵ಀ࡛㝵ᒙⓗ࡟⤌ࡳୖࡆ㸪ࣔࢼࣜࢨീ࡞࡝ࢆᥥࡁฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[29]㸦ᅗ 4d㸧㸬ࢪ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝࡸࣞࢦࣈࣟࢵࢡࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ࠿ࡳྜࢃࡏࠖࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ᙧ≧ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡃᡭἲࡣ㸪┤ឤⓗ࡟ࡶศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃ㸪ỗ⏝ᛶࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬䜎䛸䜑䛸௒ᚋ䛾ᒎᮃ㻌
DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᢏ⾡ࡢᛴ㏿࡞Ⓨᒎ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪௵ពࡢᙧ≧ࡢ஧ḟඖ࣭୕ḟඖࡢ
DNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆ࡯ࡰ⮬ᅾ࡟タィࡋ㸪๰ࡾฟࡏࡿ᫬௦࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬DNA
ศᏊࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ⬟࡟ຍ࠼㸪ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࡢᙧ≧┦⿵ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ
ࣉࣟࢢ࣐ࣛࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡶὙ⦎ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᙧ≧ࡢ␗࡞ࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ
࡞ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆࠕ㒊ရࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋ㸪࣓ࢰࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ㸦ᩘⓒ㹼ᩘ༓ᅗ  ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢ㞟ྜయ㸦a㸧ᘏ㛗ࡋࡓࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐࡜᥋⥆┦ᡭࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢻ㙐ࡀሷᇶᑐᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿ
஧㔞యࡢ౛㸬
㸦b㸧ᘏ㛗ࡋࡓࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐㛫ࡢሷᇶᑐᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿ஧㔞యࡢ౛㸬㸦c㸧ᙧ≧┦⿵ᛶ࡜ᖹ⁥ᮎ➃ࡢࢫࢱࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ┦஫స⏝࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡍࡿ୕ḟඖ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀㸬(Reproduced with permission from ref [28], 2015 AAAS.)㸦d㸧」ᩘࡢ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆᣦᐃࡢ఩⨨㛵ಀ࡛᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᥥࡁฟࡉࢀࡿࣔࢼࣜࢨീ㸬(Reproduced with permission from ref [29], 2017 Nature䠏䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㻌 

Publishing Group.)ࢼࣀ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ㸧㹼ᕧどⓗࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᛮ࠸㏻ࡾࡢᵓ㐀࡬࡜☜ᐇ࡟」ྜ
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࣐ࣅࣜࢸ࢕࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡢᵓ㐀ไᚚࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥᢏ
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DNA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸦DNA ࢱ࢖ࣝ㸪Y-ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸪T-ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡞࡝㸧ࢆᵓᡂせ⣲࡜ࡋࡓ 2 ḟඖ࢔ࢭࣥࣈࣜࡢከࡃࡣ㸪ᨭᣢయ࡜࡞ࡿ࣐࢖࢝ᇶᯈୖ࡟྾╔࣭⃰⦰ࡋࡓ
DNA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ㸪ᅛ̺ᾮ⏺㠃࡛⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃᇶ┙ᡂ㛗ἲ㸦Surfaceassisted self-assembly㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᡭἲࡢ࢟ࣔࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡣ㸪ᵓᡂせ⣲࡜࡞ࡿศᏊ㸦ࡇࡢሙྜࡣ DNA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸧ࡢᇶᯈ⾲㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஧ḟඖᣑᩓࢆチᐜࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᙅࡍࡂࡎᙉࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠖ྾╔᮲௳ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿ㸬ከࡃࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣ Mg2+ࢆ 10㹼20 mM ⛬ᗘῧຍࡋࡓ⦆⾪⁐ᾮ㸦pH 7.5
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ḟඖ㞟✚໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸[1,2]㸬
୍᪉࡛㸪⁐ᾮ᮲௳ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡟㸪ᨭᣢయࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺࢔ࣉ
࣮ࣟࢳࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ㸪⏕య㐺ྜ⏺㠃࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ⬡㉁஧㔜ᒙ⭷࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡞࠿࡛ࡶ㸪࣐࢖࢝ᇶᯈᨭᣢ⬡㉁஧㔜ᒙ⭷㸦mica-supported lipid bilayer㸧ࡣᖹᆠ࡞⭷㠃ࢆ౪ࡍࡿ࠺࠼㸪⬡㉁ศᏊࡢ⤌ᡂࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪┠ⓗ࡟࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ὶືᛶࡸ⾲㠃㟁Ⲵࢆኚ᭦࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᛶ㉁ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿ࡜㸪⭷㠃࡬⃰⦰ࡋࡓ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ᱁Ꮚ≧ᵓ㐀ࡸ᭱ᐦ඘ሸᵓ㐀࡞࡝ࡉࡲࡊ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࡲ࡞஧ḟඖࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡬࡜⮬ᕫ㞟✚໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ[3,4]㸬ࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⮬ᕫ㞟✚໬ᵓ㐀ࡢ⾲㠃ࡸෆ㒊࡟㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ศᏊࡸ㔠ᒓࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ㸪௚ࡢ᰾㓟ࢼࣀᵓ㐀య࡞࡝ࢆ࿘ᮇⓗ࡟㓄⨨ࡋ㸪ᶵ⬟໬࣭」ྜ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧[4,5]㸬ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࡢ␯Ỉᇶಟ㣭ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㸪DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡜⭷㠃
࡜ࡢ᥋ゐ㛵ಀࢆᣦᐃ࡛ࡁࡿⅬࡶᙉࡳ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢࡼ࠺࡞୕ḟඖⓗ࡟᭤⋡ࢆᣢࡗࡓ⭷㠃࡛ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ㞟✚໬ࡉࡏࡿヨࡳࡶ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪⭷ኚᙧࡸ⭷⼥ྜ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᵓ㐀࡜ᶵ⬟ࢆ DNA ࣑࡛࢜ࣜ࢞ᶍೌࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞┠ⓗࡀ୺ὶ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟㸪⭷㠃࡛㞟✚໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢኚᙧࢆಁࡍࡼ࠺࡞࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[6-8]㸬
5ᅗ㸯 ⬡㉁⭷ୖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞஧ḟඖ㞟✚໬ 
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ࡉࢀࡓᅛయࢆ⤖ᬗ࡜ࡼࡪ㸬'1$ ࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ࡜ࡣ㸪'1$ ศᏊ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࠶ࡿ༢఩ࡀ

⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࿘ᮇⓗ࡟୪ࢇࡔࡶࡢ࡜ᐃ⩏࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ༢఩ࢆࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡜࿧ࡧ㸪'1$ࢱ࢖ࣝࡸ '1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡࡣࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹ㠃ⓗ࡞ ḟඖࡢ⤖ᬗ࡜㸪❧యⓗ࡞  ḟඖࡢ⤖ᬗࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢼࣀ⤖ᬗࡣ㸪࠶ࡿࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㓄ิࡋࡓᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢ୪࡭᪉࡟ࡼࡿࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࣆ࣮ࢫࡀྠࡌᙧࡢ
ࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺㸬ࣆ࣮ࢫ࡟Ⰽࡸᅗ᯶ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡢࣃࢬࣝࡣ
࡝ࡇࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࡶྠࡌࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡔࡅࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀ඲యࡣᆒ㉁࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢫࡢⰍ࡟ⓑ࡜㯮ࡢ  ✀㢮ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ⓑࡢิ㸪㯮ࡢิࡀ஺஫࡟୪ࡪ⦤
≧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡸ㸪ⓑ㯮ࡀᕷᯇᶍᵝ࡟୪ࡪࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡞࡝㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ୪࡭᪉࡟ࡣ࠸ࢁ
࠸ࢁ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬⦤ࡢᖜࡸᕷᯇࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡞࡝㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ༢఩ࢆኚ࠼
࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪↓㝈ࡢ࿘ᮇⓗࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᚋ࡛㏙࡭ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢ୪࡭᪉ࡣ୍ᐃࡢつ๎࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࣃࢱ࣮
ࣥ࡟ࡣ࿘ᮇᛶࡀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣑ࢵࢡ࣭ࢭࣝ
ࣇ࢔ࢭࣥࣈࣜ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪⮬↛⏺ࡢ⤖ᬗ࡟ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୗ࡛ࡣ '1$ ࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝ࡜ '1$ࣈࣜࢵࢡࢆࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ゎㄝࡍࡿ㸬㻰㻺㻭 䝍䜲䝹㻌 㻌'1$ ࢼࣀ⤖ᬗࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡀ㸪'1$ ࢱ࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢱ࢖➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࣝࡣࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝࡢࣆ࣮ࢫ࡟┦ᙜࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛సࡽࢀࡿ⤖ᬗࡣᖹ㠃⤖ᬗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡣ」ᩘࡢ '1$ ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡀࡃࡳྜࢃࡉࡗ࡚࡛ࡁࡓᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝࡣ㸪࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞✀㢮ࡢฝพࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ࠿ࡓࡕࡢ┦⿵ᛶ࡛ࡶࡗ࡚
࡝ࡢࣆ࣮ࢫྠኈࡀ⤖ྜࡍࡿ࠿ࡀỴࡲࡿࡀ㸪'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢሙྜࡣ⢓╔ᮎ➃࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୍ᮏ㙐㒊ศࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࡢ┦⿵ᛶࡀࡑࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ㸬ࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝࡣ㸪ࣃࢬࣝࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿேࡀࡦ࡜ࡘࡎࡘࣆ࣮ࢫࢆࡣࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡀ㸪'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢሙྜ
ࡣ㸪⁐ᾮ୰࡛⮬⏤࡟㐠ືࡍࡿ↓ᩘࡢࢱ࢖ࣝྠኈࡀࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟⾪✺ࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪┦⿵ⓗ࡞⢓╔ᮎ➃࡝࠺ࡋࡀࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ྠ᫬୪⾜ⓗ࡟⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ㸬↓ᩘࡢࢱ࢖ࣝࡀࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࡟㞟ࡲࡗ࡚⤖ᬗ໬ࡍࡿࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ㸦6HOI$VVHPEO\㸧࡜࠸࠺㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸬ᅗ㸯 ࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝ࡜ '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝᅗ  '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢస〇ࣉࣟࢭࢫ ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢ ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡢ㐣⛬ࡣ㸪⇕ຊᏛⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞≧ែ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡢሷᇶ㛫࡟Ỉ⣲⤖ྜࡀ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃࡓࡃࡉࢇᙧᡂࡉࢀ㸪ࡼࡾ㛗࠸஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡼࡾḞ㝗ࡢᑡ࡞࠸⤖ᬗࢆࡘࡃࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢస〇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⁐ᾮࢆ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢ㸦㝖෭㸧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧㸬ἛⅬ࡟㏆࠸ᗘࡲ࡛Ỉ ࢆୖࡆࡿ࡜㸪࡝ࢇ࡞࡟㛗࠸ '1$ ࡢ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇ࡛ࡶ஋

䠏䠊䠏㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䝍䜲䝹䞉㻰㻺㻭 䝤䝸䝑䜽ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㞳ࡋ࡚  ᮏ㙐࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿఱᮏ࠿ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࢆಶู࡟໬Ꮫྜᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆ୍ᮏࡢヨ㦂⟶࡛ΰࡐྜࢃࡏ㸪Υ௜㏆࠿ࡽ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜ
ࣥࢢࡍࡿ࡜㸪෭༷ࡢ㐣⛬୍࡛ᮏ㙐ࡢ '1$ ศᏊࡀࡲࡎࢱ࢖ࣝࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢࢱ࢖ࣝྠኈࡀ⢓╔ᮎ➃࡛⤖ྜࡋ㸪஧ḟඖ⤖ᬗࢆࡘࡃࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ '1$ࢼࣀᵓ㐀࡟ࡣඹ㏻ࡢࡶࡢ࡛㸪'1$ ࣑࡛࢜ࣜ࢞ࡶᚋ࡟㏙࡭ࡿ '1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡ࡛ࡶྠ
ࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡣᩘᮏࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ศᒱᵓ㐀ࢆࡘࡃࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᮎ➃࡟⢓╔ᮎ➃ࢆࡘࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ୰࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ㸪';㸦ࢲࣈࣝࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮㸧ศᏊ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬'; ศᏊ࡛ࡣ㸪ศᒱᵓ㐀࡜ࡋ࡚཯ᖹ⾜ࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ศᒱࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᙉ࠸㈇㟁Ⲵࢆᖏࡧࡓ '1$ ྠኈࡀࡶࡘ㟼㟁ⓗ࡞཯Ⓨࢆ࠾ࡉ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ 0J࢖࢜ࣥ࡞࡝ࢆຍ࠼࡚ㄪ
〇ࡋࡓࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣮୰࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ࡢࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ศᒱࡣ㸪㛢ࡌࡓࢥࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡜ࡿ㸬ࡓࡔ㸪ࡇࡢ≧ែ࡛ࡣศᒱࢆ⼖␒࡟ࡋ࡚ '1$ 㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡢᅇ㌿ࢆチࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪ࡽࡏࢇ㛫ࡢゅᗘࢆ୍ព࡟ᐃࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸦ᅗ㸱D㸧㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᅗ㸱E ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ศᒱࢆ㸰ࡘ୪࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪஧ᮏࡢ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆ୪⾜࡞ゅᗘ࡟ᅛᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬'; ศᏊ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢱ࢖ࣝ㛫ࡢ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡢ఩┦࡟▩┪ࡀฟ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟㛗ࡉ㸦ሷᇶᩘ㸧ࢆㄪᩚࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ᮎ➃࡟୍ᮏ㙐ࡢ⢓╔ᮎ➃ࢆࡘࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⢓╔ᮎ➃ྠኈࡀ᥋⥆ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪஧ḟඖᖹ㠃≧࡟ࢱ࢖ࣝࡀ㐃࡞ࡗࡓᖹ㠃ᵓ㐀ࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀࡿ㸬⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚࡛ࡁࡿࢼࣀ⤖ᬗࡣ㸪஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆࡍࡔࢀࡢࡼ࠺࡟୪࡭ࡓᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᅗ㸱 '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝ㸦'; ศᏊ㸧

'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆ୕ᮏ᮰࡟ࡋ࡚୪࡭ࡓࣔࢺ
ࣜࣉࣝࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ 7; ࢱ࢖ࣝ㸦ᅗ㸲D㸧>@㸪ᅄࡘཪศᒱ≧࡟୪࡭ࡓࢡࣟࢫ࣭
ࢱ࢖ࣝ㸦ᅗ㸲E㸧>@ᅇ㌿ᑐ⛠ᛶࢆᣢࡘ QSRLQW VWDU㸦ᅗ㸲F㸧>@࡞࡝ࡶᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ⴭ⪅ࡽࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ 7ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇᅗ㸳>@ࡣ㸪7 Ꮠᆺศᒱ࡜࠸࠺㸪➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ศᒱ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿศᒱᵓ㐀ࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡍࡿࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣐࢖࢝࡞࡝ࡢᇶᯈୖ࡟ᙅࡃ྾╔ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࢆࡶࡘࡓࡵ㸪኱㠃✚࡛Ḟ㝗ࡢᑡ࡞࠸ᖹ㠃⤖ᬗࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬䜰䝹䝂䝸䝈䝭䝑䜽䞉䝉䝹䝣䜰䝉䞁䝤䝸㻌 '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡀ୍✀㢮ࡢ┦⿵ሷᇶ㓄ิࡢ࣌࢔ࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪࠾࡞ࡌࢱ࢖ࣝࡀ༢⣧࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿ஧ḟඖࡢᖹ㠃ᵓ㐀ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᅗ㸲 ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ '1$ ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ
D 7; ࢱ࢖ࣝ>@㸪Eࢡࣟࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ>@㸪FSRLQWVWDUࢱ࢖ࣝ>@ᅗ㸳 7ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢱ࢖ࣝ㸦ୖ㸧࡜ࡑࡢ⤖ᬗయ ୗ 
㸦5HSULQWHGIURP$QJHZDQGWH&KHPLH,QW(G >@㸧⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢ࣌࢔ࡀ」ᩘ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ୪࡭᪉ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪 ࡜  ࡜࠸࠺ࣛ࣋ࣝࢆࡘࡅࡓ஧✀㢮ࡢ⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢ㓄ิࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚㸪ࢱ࢖ࣝ $ ࡢྑ➃ࡣࢱ࢖ࣝ % ࡢᕥ➃࡜㓄ิ  ࡛⤖ྜࡋ㸪% ࡢྑ➃ࡣ $ ࡢᕥ➃࡜  ࡛⤖ྜࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢱ࢖ࣝࡀ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࡣ㸪͐$%$%
͐ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ $ ࡜ % ࡀ஺஫࡟୪ࢇࡔ⦤ᶍᵝ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬 ⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢ㓄ิࡢ✀㢮㸦ࣛ࣋ࣝࡢ✀㢮㸧࡜㸪ࡑࢀࢆ౑ࡗࡓࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ✀㢮ࢆቑ䠏䠊䠏㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䝍䜲䝹䞉㻰㻺㻭 䝤䝸䝑䜽ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥࡸࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪 ࡜ 㸪஧✀㢮ࡢ⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢ㓄ิࢆ㸪ᅗ㸴࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞  ✀㢮ࡢࢱ࢖ࣝ࡟๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿ㸬ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢᕥഃࢆ㸰ࡘࡢධຊ㸪ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢྑഃࡣඹ㏻ࡢฟຊ࡜ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ࢱ࢖ࣝࡀࡦ
࡜ࡘ⤖ྜࡍࡿࡈ࡜࡟㸪᤼௚ⓗㄽ⌮࿴ࡢィ⟬ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୍࠿ᡤࡔࡅ ࡀ࠶ࡿึᮇࣅࢵࢺิࢆ✀⤖ᬗ㸦ึᮇ≧ែ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࢱ࢖ࣝࢭࢵࢺࢆ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜㸪ࢩ࢙ࣝࣆࣥࢫ࣮࣭࢟ࢺࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢢࣝ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ୕ゅᙧࡢࣇࣛࢡࢱࣝᶍᵝࢆᣢࡗࡓࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢱ࢖ࣝ㛫ࡢ⤖ྜ࣮ࣝࣝࢆᐃࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᶍᵝࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⤖ྜ࣮ࣝࣝࡣ௵ព࡟タィ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ึᮇᵓ㐀ࢆ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡞࡝࡛タᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆࡶࡘ  ḟඖ⤖ᬗࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ㸴 ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣑ࢵࢡ࣭ࢭࣝࣇ࢔ࢭࣥࣈࣜࡢཎ⌮
 '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ㸯ḟඖࡢࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥ࡜➼౯࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ  ḟඖ⤖ᬗࡢᶓࡢ୪ࡧࡀ࠶ࡿ᫬้ࡢ  ḟඖࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡢ≧ែࢆ⾲ࡋ㸪⦪ࡢ୪ࡧࡀ᫬㛫ⓗ࡞㑄⛣ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢ≉␗ᛶࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ࡟ࡼࡾ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢィ⟬ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪ࠕ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣑ࢵࢡ࣭ࢭࣝࣇ࢔ࢭࣥࣈࣜࠖ࡜ࡼࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬 ḟඖࢭ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢺ࣐ࢺࣥࡣィ⟬୓⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ↓Ḟ㝗⤖ᬗࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡶィ⟬୓⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᅗ㸴࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᡂ㛗ࡢ㏵୰࡛㸪⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡀ࣐ࢵࢳࡋ࡞࠸ࢱ࢖ࣝࡀ⣮ࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺࡜㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢ☜⋡࡛㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪'1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝ࡟ࡼࡾࡘࡃࡽࢀࡿ⤖ᬗࡢḞ㝗ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚పῶࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺◊✲ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬㻰㻺㻭 䝤䝸䝑䜽㻌 '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ୰࡛㸪᭱ࡶ༢⣧࡞ࡶࡢࡣ 667 ࢩࣥࢢࣝࢫࢺࣛࣥࢻࢱ࢖ࣝ ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣᩥᏐ㏻ࡾ  ᮏࡢ '1$ ࡛ࢱ࢖ࣝࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪࣊࢔ࣆࣥ≧ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐ࢆ  ࡘࡢࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ศࡅ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ⢓╔ᮎ➃࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬667 ࡟ࡼࡿࣜ࣎ࣥ≧ࡸࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ≧ࡢ࿘ᮇᵓ㐀ࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬
 667 ࡢ⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢ✀㢮ࢆᴟ㝈ࡲ࡛ቑࡸࡋ࡚㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢ࣌࢔࡟␗࡞
ࡿ㓄ิࢆ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢱ࢖ࣝྠኈࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞఩⨨㛵ಀࢆ୍ព࡟ᐃࡵ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆࠕ'1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡࠖ࡜ࡼࡪ㸬ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ '1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡࡣ QW࡛㸪QW ࡎࡘࡢ㸲ࡘࡢࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୍ࡘࡢࣈࣜࢵࢡࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀูࡢ  ࡘࡢࣈࣜࢵࢡ࡜⤖ྜࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡣࡌࡵࡣࣈࣜࢵࢡࡀ  ḟඖࡢ㛗᪉ᙧ࡟㞟ྜࡍࡿࠕ'1$ ࢟ࣕࣥࣂࢫࠖࡀ◊✲ࡉࢀࡓ>@㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࢀࢆ  ḟඖ໬ࡋ㸪 ࡢࣈࣜࢵࢡ࡛┤᪉యࢆࡘࡃࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࠿ࡽ≉ᐃࡢࣈࣜࢵ
ࢡࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᮃࡳࡢᙧ≧ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ>@㸬ࡑࡢᚋࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᇶᮏⓗタィࢆኚ࠼ࡎ࡟㸪ࣈࣜࢵࢡࡢ㛗ࡉࢆ QW QW ࡢࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ ࡲࡓࡣ QW QW ࡢࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ㸲 ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪సࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᵓ㐀యࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ኱ࡁࡃ࡛ࡁ㸪཰⋡ࡶྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ᭱኱
 ࣈࣜࢵࢡ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ┤᪉య㸦ศᏊ㔞 0'D㸧ࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸵㸧㸬 '1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡࡢ฼Ⅼࡣ㸪࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࣈࣜࢵࢡࡢ㓄ิࢆྜᡂࡋࡓࣛ࢖
ࣈࣛࣜࢆసࡗ࡚࠾ࡅࡤ㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ㐺ᙜ࡞㓄ิࢆ㑅ࡧฟࡋ࡚ΰࡐࡿࡔࡅ࡛ዲࡁ࡞
ᙧ≧ࡀసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪ࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࣈ
ࣜࢵࢡ㓄ิࢆ⏝ពࡍࡿࡢࡣࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡀ㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔࡟ࡼࡿタィᨭ᥼ࡸࣆ࣌ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆά⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㦂ࡢ⮬ື໬࡞࡝࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡾỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᢏ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䝍䜲䝹䛾ẁ㝵ⓗ⤌䜏❧䛶㻌
 '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢ㡯࡛ࡶ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ṇ᪉ᙧࡢ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆࢱ࢖ࣝ
㸦ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪௵ពࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆࡶࡘ  ḟඖ⤖ᬗࢆసࡿ᪉ἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㏻ᖖࡢ '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝ㸪'1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࢫࢺࣛࣥࢻࢆ  ᮏࡢヨ㦂⟶࡛ΰࡐ࡚࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿ࣏࣡ࣥࢵࢺ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ䠏䠊䠏㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䝍䜲䝹䞉㻰㻺㻭 䝤䝸䝑䜽ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞࠸ࢫࢺࣛࣥࢻ࡛௵ពࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆసࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ูࠎࡢヨ㦂⟶ࢆࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ  ࡢ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓṇ᪉ᙧࡢ⤖ᬗࢆసࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪➨  ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ㸪 ✀ࡢ '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࢆ ᮏࡢヨ㦂⟶࡛⾜࠺㸬➨  ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ➨  ẁ㝵࡛⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡓ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚  ࡢࢱ࢖ࣝࢆ  ᮏࡢヨ㦂⟶࡛࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡋ㸪➨  ẁ㝵࡛ࡣࡑࢀࢆ  ࡘ㞟ࡵ࡚ 㸪➨  ẁ㝵࡛  ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㞟ྜయࢆ㸲ಸࡎࡘ኱ࡁࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㸬ḟࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣ๓ࡢẁ㝵ࡼࡾప࠸ ᗘ࡛࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢ㓄ิࡸᮏᩘࢆᕤኵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢱ࢖ࣝ࡟

ᅗ㸵 '1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡࡢᶍᘧᅗ 㐺ᙜ࡞ᥥ⏬㸦✺㉳㸧ࢆ᪋ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࣔࢼࣜࢨീࡢࡼ࠺࡞」㞧࡞⤮ࢆ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞㞟ྜయࡢୖ࡟ᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬䜎䛸䜑㻌
'1$ ࢱ࢖࣭ࣝ'1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡࡢ◊✲ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᆒ㉁࡞ᕧ኱⤖ᬗࢆࡘࡃࡿ㸪ࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ✀㢮ࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃ࡚」㞧࡞ᙧ≧ࢆࡘࡃࡿ㸪ࢱ࢖ࣝࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ」㞧໬ࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ
◊✲ࡀ㐃⥥࡜⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡀศᏊࡀࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࡟ᮃࡳࡢᙧ࡟㞟ྜࡍࡿࠕࢭࣝࣇ࢔ࢭࣥࣈࣜࠖࢆ᭱ࡶ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ᪉ἲㄽࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮


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[14] Tikhomirov, G., Petersen, P., Qian, L., Fractal assembly of micrometre-scale DNA
origami arrays with arbitrary patterns, Nature 552, 67–71 (2017)䠏䠊䠏㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䝍䜲䝹䞉㻰㻺㻭 䝤䝸䝑䜽ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᮧ⏣ ᬛ㸧䠏䠊䠐㻌 ⣽⬊㦵᱁ᵝ䛾 㻰㻺㻭 ᵓ㐀䛷ᙉ໬䛥䜜䛯䝸䝫䝋䞊䝮㻌㻌 ⣽⬊⭷ࡢᇶᮏᵓ㐀ࡣࣜࣥ⬡㉁஧㔜⭷࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࢆேᕤⓗ࡟ᶍೌࡋࡓࡶࡢ
ࡀ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡣ⣽⬊⭷ࡢ≀ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᮦᩱࡸ㸪⸆ࡢ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ⭷ࡣ༙㏱⭷ࡢᛶ㉁ࢆᣢ
ࡘࡓࡵ㸪⏕య࡛㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿᾐ㏱ᅽኚ໬ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡣ㸪ᛴ⃭࡞⬺Ỉࡸ⭾₶࡟క࠸ᔂቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᛶ㉁ࡣ㸪ᛮࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࡞࠸ሙᡤ࡛ቯࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜
ࢆព࿡ࡋ㸪⸆࡛࠶ࢀࡤᝈ㒊࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿ๓࡟ቯࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㧗ศᏊࢤࣝࢆධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛◳ࡃࡍࡿヨࡳࡸ㸪Ẇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⭷⾲㠃ࢆ㧗ศᏊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛そ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᙉ໬ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚
ࡁࡓ㸬๓⪅ࡣ㸪⸆ࡀ㧗ศᏊࢤࣝ୰࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢ
⭷ᔂቯࢆ௓ࡋࡓ⸆ࡢᨺฟไᚚࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᚋ⪅ࡣ㸪⾲㠃ࡢ㧗ศᏊࡀ⏕⣽⬊࡜ពᅗࡋ࡞࠸┦஫స⏝ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ㸪ᛮࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࡞࠸཯ᛂࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿ㸬 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒ࠿ࡽ㸪DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪⣽⬊ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⿵ᙉ
ᵓ㐀㸦⣽⬊㦵᱁㸧ࢆᶍೌࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢᏳᐃ໬࡟ᣮᡓࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗ 1a ࡟♧ࡍ 3 ✀㢮ࡢ DNA ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ DNA ࡣ㸪ᅗ㸯b ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㧗࡛ࡣ஫࠸࡟ࣂࣛࣂࣛࡢ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ᗘపୗ࡟క࠸㸪ᑐ࡜࡞

ࡿ DNA ࡢሷᇶ㒊఩ྠኈࡀ஫࠸࡟஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆ⤌ࡳ㸪Y ࡢᙧࢆࡋࡓࢼࣀᵓ㐀㸦Y-motif㸧࡟࡞ࡿ㸬᭦࡞ࡿᗘపୗ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᮎ➃ࡢᮍ⤖ྜ㒊఩㸦sticky-end㸧ࡀ஫࠸࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡸࡀ࡚⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ㐀ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ㸬 DNA ࡣ㈇ࡢ㟁Ⲵࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ṇࡢ㟁Ⲵࢆࡶࡘ⬡㉁⭷ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡾ㸪ୖグࡢ DNA ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ㐀ࢆ⭷ࡢ┤ୗ࡟ᒁᅾࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᡃࠎࡣࡇࡢ DNA ࡛ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓேᕤⓗ࡞⣽⬊㦵᱁ࢆࠕDNA ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࠖ࡜ྡ௜
ࡅࡓ㸬DNA ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡣ㸪⣙ 1 ࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࣟࢺࣝ⛬ᗘ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟ⷧ࠸ཌࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡀ㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢᙉᗘࢆࣄࢺࡢ㉥⾑⌫࡜࡯ࡰྠ➼ࡢ◳ࡉ࡟ࡲ࡛ୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡓ㸬㏻ᖖࡢ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡀ࡯ࡰࡍ࡭࡚⭷ᔂቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㧗ᙇ᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪DNA ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࢆഛ࠼ࡓ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡣ㸪඲యࡢ⣙ 80%ࡀᔂቯࡏࡎ࡟⥔ᣢࡋ⥆ࡅࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪⭷┤ୗ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ DNA 㦵᱁ࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⭷ࡢᔂቯࢆ㜵ࡄᶵ⬟ࢆ༑ศ࡟ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ [1]㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮



 DNA ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ DNA ᵓ㐀࡟⏤᮶ࡋࡓ⿵ᙉࡣ㸪஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇᵓ㐀࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ሷᇶ㓄ิࢆ㐺ษ࡟タィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 ᗘࡸእ㒊࢖࢜ࣥ⎔ቃࢆ௓ࡋ࡚⮬⏤࡟⿵ᙉࡢᙉࡉࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪DNA ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡣ㓝⣲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐜ᫆࡟ศゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚㣗࡭࡚ࡶࡁࡕࢇ࡜ᾘ໬ࡉࢀ㸪య࡟ᐖࢆ࡞ࡉ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪௚❶࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ DNA ࡢᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࢆᶵ⬟๰Ⓨ࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪≉Ṧ࡞ගࢆᙜ࡚
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ DNA ᵓ㐀ࡀᔂቯࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡍࢀࡤ㸪≺ࡗࡓࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛௵ព
ࡢሙᡤ࡟࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆ࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡓ⸆ࢆᨺฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸦ᅗ
2㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᡃࠎࡀࡃࡳୖࡆࡓ DNA ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡣ㸪⪏ஂᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡓ
ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᗈࡆ㸪௒ᚋࡣ་⸆ရࡸ໬⢝ရࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡞࡝㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛ࡢⓎᒎࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ 1 DNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀D ⴭ⪅ࡽࡀ⪃᱌ࡋࡓ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢ㓄ิ࡜ E '1$ ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ໬ࢆ♧ࡍᶍᘧᅗ㸬㧗࡛Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡣ㸪 ᗘపୗࡼࡾ஫࠸࡟஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇᵓ㐀ࢆࡘࡃࡾ㸪ศᒱࢆഛ࠼ࡓ <
PRWLI'1$ ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪VWLFN\HQG ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୕ᮎ➃㒊ศ㸦Ỉ⣲⤖ྜࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㒊ศ㸧ࡀ஫࠸࡟⤖ྜࡋࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡿ㸬䠏䠊䠐㻌 ⣽⬊㦵᱁ᵝ䛾 㻰㻺㻭 ᵓ㐀䛷ᙉ໬䛥䜜䛯䝸䝫䝋䞊䝮 ᅗ  '1$ 㦵᱁ࢆഛ࠼ࡓ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ
ࢻࣛࢵࢢࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝౛ࢆ♧ࡍᶍᘧᅗ

[1] Kurokawa, C. et al., DNA cytoskeleton for stabilizing artificial cells, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 7228-7233, 2017.
㸦ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ ᰗ⃝ᐇ✑㸪៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ ⸨ཎ៞㸧䠏䠊䠑㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ศᏊ䝬䝅䞁㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌
ࠕ'1$ࠖ࡜ࠕศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࠖࡣ୍ぢ᥋Ⅼࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬'1$ ࡣ㑇ఏ᝟ሗࢆྖࡿ⏕య㧗ศᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ศᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸰ࡘࡢඃࢀࡓᛶ㉁ࢆ
ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡘࡣሷᇶᑐᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡿ㓄ิ≉␗ⓗ࡞஧ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡢᙧᡂ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡶ࠺  ࡘࡣ࿘ᮇⓗ࡞஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࡣሷᇶ㓄ิ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢศᏊ
㞟ྜࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁ㸪ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿᵓ㐀ࡶ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵண ࡛ࡁࡿᴟࡵ࡚ඃࢀࡓศᏊࢩ
ࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪'1$ ࡢ஧ᮏ㙐ᙧᡂࡣሷᇶᑐࡢỈ⣲⤖ྜ࡟ࡼࡾ࡞ࡉ
ࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ຍ⇕࣭෭༷࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ゎ㞳࡜⤖ྜࢆྍ㏫ⓗ࡟᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪'1$ 㙐ࡢศᏊ㞟ྜࡣືⓗ࡟᧯సྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ 㛫࡛ࡢሷᇶᑐᙧᡂࡢ
⇕ຊᏛⓗ࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࡣࡍ࡛࡟Ỵᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ '1$ 㙐ࢆ⤌ࡲࡏࡿ࠿ࡣ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ㓄ิ࡛ࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪'1$ࡢ⤖ྜ࡜ゎ㞳ࢆືⓗ࡞ 212)) ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥ࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྜᡂྍ⬟࡞ '1$ ࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞⏕యศᏊ࣭ᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊࡸࢼࣀᮦᩱ࡞࡝ࢆ⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ศᏊ࣭ᮦᩱࢆ '1$ ᵓ㐀య࡟఩⨨≉␗ⓗ࡟㓄⨨ࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡢ๰ฟࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ືⓗ࡞ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥ࡜㟼ⓗ࡞ '1$ ᵓ㐀యࢆ㐃⤖ࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

㻰㻺㻭 ศᏊ䝬䝅䞁䛸 㻰㻺㻭 䝘䝜ᵓ㐀య㻌㸯㸧ືⓗ࡞ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ '1$

'1$ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡣ㸪⏕య࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥ࠿ࡽⓎ᝿ࢆᚓࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪Ṍ⾜㐠ື㸪 ᚟㐠ື㸪ᅇ㌿㐠ື࡞࡝ከ✀ከᵝ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ⪃᱌ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬'1$ ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡣ㸪'1$ ᵓ㐀⮬యࡢࢥࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥኚ໬ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜㑅ᢥⓗ࡞ '1$ 㙐ࡢῧຍ࡜㝖ཤ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᧯సࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬≉࡟ከᵝ࡛」㞧࡞ືࡁࢆ᧯సࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪ᚋ⪅ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡣࢺ࣮࣮࣍ࣝࢻ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿవศ࡞ '1$ 㓄ิ㸦ࡢࡾࡋࢁ㒊ศ㸧ࡢ௜࠸
ࡓ '1$ 㙐ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡢࡾࡋࢁ㒊ศࢆྵࡴ┦⿵㙐ࢆຍ࠼ࢀࡤ㸪࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵᙧᡂ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஧ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࠿ࡽ➼ ࡛ '1$ 㙐ࡢ஺᥮ࢆ᧯స࡛ࡁࡿ㸦㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㸧 ᅗD 㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪'1$ 㙐ࡢࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿᏳᐃ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᕪ
ࢆࠕ⇞ᩱࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋ࡚⇕ຊᏛⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞᪉ྥ࡬ື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᅗ㸯 '1$ ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡢ᧯స࡜ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ἲ࡟ࡼࡿᵓ㐀యࡢసᡂ
D  '1$ ࣐ࢩࣥࡢ᧯స࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿࢺ࣮࣮࣍ࣝࢻ㓄ิࢆ௓ࡋࡓ '1$ 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㸬 E  㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ '1$ ࣆࣥࢭࢵࢺ㸬6HWVWUDQG ࡜ࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃ '1$ 㙐࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⥳Ⰽࡢ '1$ 㙐ࡀ㛤㛢ࡍࡿ㸬 F '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢼࣀ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ㐀యࡢసᡂ᪉ἲ㸬㛗㙐ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡜▷࠸┦⿵㙐 '1$ ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ '1$ ࢆ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛సᡂࡉࡏࡿ㸬タィࡋࡓ '1$࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡜ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࡢ $)0 ࢖࣓࣮ࢪཬࡧ㸱ḟඖ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య㸬㸬
(Reproduced from Nature 2000 [4] , Nature 2006 [2])᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪'1$ 㙐ࡢ⤖ྜ࡜ゎ㞳ࢆไᚚࡋ㸪㐃⥆ⓗ࡟㛤㛢࡛ࡁࡿ '1$ ࣆࣥࢭ䠏䠊䠑㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ศᏊ䝬䝅䞁ࢵࢺࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓ ᅗ㸯E  >@㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㐠ື᪉ྥࢆไᚚྍ⬟࡞  ᮏࡢ㊊ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ '1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝ࡸ㓝⣲ࡢษ᩿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ᚊⓗ࡟㐍ࡴ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮࡞࡝ࡢ '1$ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬㸰㸧㟼ⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ '1$୍᪉࡛ '1$ ࡣࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢṇ☜࡞ᵓ㐀యࢆసᡂࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶඃࢀࡓᮦᩱ࡜
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬'1$ ࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ሷᇶ㓄ิࡢ┦⿵ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ஧ᮏ㙐ᙧᡂ࡜ '1$ ࡢ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇᵓ㐀ࡢ࿘ᮇᛶࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ㐀యࢆసᡂࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ㸪⮬⏤࡞஧ḟඖࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢタィ࡜సᡂࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᶵ⬟໬࡞࡝ࡢ㠃࠿ࡽࡶάⓎ࡟◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
>@㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣ㸪ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥྍ⬟࡞  ḟඖཬࡧ㸱ḟඖ '1$ ᵓ㐀య࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪㛗㙐ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$㸦0PS㸧࡜ᵓ㐀࡟࠶ࢃࡏ࡚㓄ิタィࡋࡓ┦⿵㙐 '1$ ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ '1$ ࢆΰྜࡋ㸪ຍ⇕࣭ᚎ෭㸦࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢ㸧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚タィ࡝࠾ࡾࡢᵓ㐀యࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ ᅗ㸯F㸦ヲ⣽ࡣ  ⠇ཧ↷㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య࡟ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ఩⨨࡟␗࡞ࡿࢫ
ࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ '1$ ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᖹ㠃ᵓ㐀ୖࡢ௵ពࡢ఩⨨࡟୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡸศᏊࢆ㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࢆసᡂࡍࡿᇶᯈ࡜ࡋ࡚
'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㻰㻺㻭 䝘䝜ᵓ㐀యୖ䛷䛾ศᏊ䝬䝅䞁䛾᧯స㻌
㸯㸧'1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యୖ࡛ࡢศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥ
6HHPDQ ࡽࡣ᭱ࡶึᮇ࡟ '1$ ᵓ㐀య࡜ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࢆ⤖ࡧ௜ࡅࡓ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬%= ㌿⛣࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ஧ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡀྑᕳࡁ㸦% ᆺ '1$㸧࠿ࡽᕥᕳࡁ = ᆺ '1$࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿࢥࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥኚ໬ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪'1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀య࡟཯᚟ࡍࡿᅇ㌿㐠ືࢆ୚࠼ࡓ>@㸬ࡲࡓ㸪3;-; ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ  ᮏࡢ㞄᥋ࡍࡿ஧ᮏ㙐 '1$ࡢᮎ➃ࢆ '1$ 㙐ࡢ⤖ྜ࡜㝖ཤ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ R ᅇ㌿ྍ⬟࡞ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ>@㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟ࡇࡢࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ  ಶᑟධࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅇ㌿᧯స࡛  ࡘࡢ୍ᮏ㙐ᮎ➃ࡢ㓄ิ≉␗ᛶ࡛୕ゅᙧࡢ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࢆᤕᤊࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ᡂຌࡋࡓ>@㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ  ✀㢮ࡢ 3;-; ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ≉␗ⓗ࡞ '1$ 㙐࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪 ✀㢮ࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢᤕᤊࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪6HHPDQ ࡽࡣ㸪'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡛ '1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝ࢆ᧯సࡋ㸪」ᩘࡢ㔠⢏Ꮚࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࣛ࢖ࣥࢆసᡂࡋࡓ ᅗ D  >@㸬 ಶࡢ 3;-; ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ㓄⨨ࡋ㸪Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡓࢺࣛࢵࢡ㸦⤒㊰㸧ࢆ⛣ືࡍࡿ '1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝ࢆ᧯సࡋ
ࡓ㸬ࡍ࡭࡚ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢືࡁ࡜ '1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝ࡢືࡁࡣ≉␗ⓗ࡞ '1$ 㙐࡟ࡼࡗ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

࡚ไᚚࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬3;-; ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ኱ࡁࡉ࡜ಶᩘࡢ㔠⢏Ꮚࢆ஌ࡏ㸪'1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝ࢆ㏆࡙ࡅࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ᅇ㌿㐠ື࡛ཷࡅΏࡋࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪'1$࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝ࡀࢺࣛࢵࢡୖࡢ  ⟠ᡤࢆ  ᪉ྥ࡟ไᚚࡉࢀ࡚ືࡁ㸪࠿ࡘ 3;-; ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㔠⢏ᏊࡢཷࡅΏࡋࡀไᚚࡉࢀ㸪'1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝࡟㔠⢏ᏊࡀཷࡅΏࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛㡰␒࡟᧯సࢆ⾜࠺࡜᭱⤊ⓗ࡟  ✀㢮ࡢ㔠⢏Ꮚࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓ '1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝ࡣ 㸣ࡢ཰⋡࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬3;-; ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡣ㔠⢏ᏊࢆΏࡍ 212)) ࢆ≉␗ⓗ࡞ '1$ 㙐࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡓࡵ㸪⏕ᡂ≀ࡀ㧗཰⋡ ௨ୖ ࡛ᚓࡽࢀ㸪࢚࣮ࣛ⋡ࢆᴟࡵ࡚పࡃ  ᢚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪3;-; ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢ 212)) ᧯స࡛  ಶࡢ 3;-; ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࠿ࡽ
ィ  ㏻ࡾࡢࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ '1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝࡟㔠⢏Ꮚࢆ⤖ྜ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ᅗ '1$ ࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝࡟ࡼࡿ㔠⢏Ꮚࢆ⤖ྜࡍࡿ⤌❧࡚ࣛ࢖ࣥ࡜
'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖࡢ࣮ࣞࣝࢆṌ⾜ࡍࡿ '1$ ࢫࣃ࢖ࢲ࣮ศᏊ
 D '1$࢛࣮࣮࢘࢝ࡣ  ᮏࡢ㊊࡛ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖࡢ '1$ 㙐࡟⤖ྜࡋ㸪 ᮏࡢᡭ࡛㔠⢏Ꮚࢆᅇ཰ࡍࡿ㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖࡢ୕ࡘࡢሙᡤ࡛೵Ṇࡋ㸪'1$ ࡢᅇ㌿ 3;-; ᵓ㐀ኚ᥮ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㔠⢏Ꮚ&&& ࡢཷࡅΏࡋࢆ⾜࠺㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡛ࡢ᧯స࡜ᑐᛂࡍࡿ $)0⏬ീ㸬 E  ᮏࡢ '1$㙐ࡢ㊊ࡀ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ษ᩿㒊఩ࡣ 51$ ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ㸬 ᮏࡢ㊊࡟ࡣ 51$
ࢆษ᩿ࡍࡿ㓄ิࡀᑟධࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬51$ 㒊఩ࢆษ᩿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ๓㐍ࡍࡿ㸬ษ᩿๓ᚋࡢ '1$ 㙐㸦ⲔⰍ࡜ⷧⲔⰍࡢ୸㸧࡜೵Ṇ⏝ࡢ '1$ 㙐 ㉥୸ 㸬ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࠿ࡽ๓㐍㸪೵Ṇࡲ࡛ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖࡢ⤒㊰࡟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬F '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢ⤒㊰ୖࢆṌ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ '1$ ࢫࣃ࢖ࢲ࣮ศᏊࡢ $)0 ⏬ീ㸬ୖ࠿ࡽ㸪ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ㸪Ṍ⾜୰㸪೵ṆࡢᵝᏊ㸬㸦Reproduced from Nature 2010 [8] [9]ʥ䠏䠊䠑㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ศᏊ䝬䝅䞁<DQ ࡽࡣ㸪 ᮏࡢ '1$ 㙐ࡢ㊊࡜  ᮏࡢᤕᤊ '1$ 㙐 FDSWXUHOHJ ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ '1$ࢫࣃ࢖ࢲ࣮࡜࿧ࡪ '1$ ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟సᡂࡋࡓࡉࡲࡊ
ࡲ࡞⤒㊰ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆṌ⾜ࡉࡏࡓ ᅗ E  >@㸬'1$ ࢫࣃ࢖ࢲ࣮ࡢ  ᮏࡢ㊊࡟ࡣ
51$ ࢆຍỈศゎ࡛ࡁࡿ '1$ 㓝⣲㸦'1$]\PHOHJ㸧ࡀ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟ࡣษ᩿ྍ⬟࡞ 51$ 㒊఩ࢆྵࢇࡔ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࢆࢺࣛࢵࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚࡞ࡽ࡭࡚
࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖࡢ≉␗ⓗ࡞఩⨨࡟ '1$ ࢫࣃ࢖ࢲ࣮ࢆᤕᤊ '1$ 㙐࡛ᅛᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽゎ㞳ࡉࡏ࡚ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡉࡏࡿ㸬'1$ ࢫࣃ࢖ࢲ࣮ࡣ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖࡢ୍ᮏ
㙐 '1$ ࡜⤖ྜࡋ㸪'1$]\PH 㒊఩࡛⤖ྜࡋࡓ '1$ 㙐ࡢ 51$ 㒊఩ࢆษ᩿ࡋ㸪ḟࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡟⛣ືࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟๓㐍ࡍࡿ㸬Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡓࢺࣛࢵࢡ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ
࡚㐍ࡳ᭱ᚋࡣ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡟ 51$ 㒊఩ࡀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࢀࡤษ᩿࡛ࡁࡎ࡟೵Ṇࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ㸪ࢺࣛࢵࢡୖࡢṌ⾜㸪೵Ṇࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡀᐇ⾜࡛ࡁࡓ㸬㉸ゎീ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ '1$ ࢫࣃ࢖ࢲ࣮ࡢ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡛ࡢ఩⨨ࢆᐃࡍࡿ࡜ QPPLQ ࡢ㏿ᗘ࡛⛣ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬㸰㸧ࢺࣛࢵࢡୖࢆṌ⾜ࡍࡿ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮
➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟  ᮏࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋࡓࢺࣛࢵࢡ ⣙ QP ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐࡜࿧ࡪ┦⿵㙐ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࢆຍ࠼࡚㓝⣲཯ᛂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪 ᪉ྥ࡟㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࢆ㐠ືࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ ᅗ D 
>@㸬'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢືసཎ⌮ࡣ㸪ᅗ 㹠࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡜࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࡀ஧ᮏ㙐ᙧᡂࡋ㸪ษ᩿㓝⣲ 1W%EY&, ࡀࢺࣛࢵࢡୖ
ࡢ '1$ 㙐ࢆษ᩿ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪▷ࡃษ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ '1$ 㙐ࡀゎ㞳ࡋ࡚㸪࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࡣ㞄᥋ࡍࡿྠࡌ㓄ิࡢ '1$ 㙐࡟⛣ືࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆศᒱ⛣ື࡜࠸࠺㸬ࢺࣛࢵࢡୖ࡟ࡣྠࡌ㓄ิࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡀ୍ิ࡟➼㛫㝸࡛㓄⨨ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪'1$ 㙐ࡢษ᩿࡜ศᒱ⛣ືࡀ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟㐍⾜ࡍࡿ㸬ࢺࣛࢵࢡࡢᮎ➃࡟࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࢆᑟධࡋ㸪㓝⣲཯ᛂ࡟క࠺࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࡢ఩⨨ࢆᐃࡍࡿ࡜㸪᫬㛫⤒㐣࡟కࡗ࡚㸪࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࡣ୍᪉ྥ࡟⛣ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࡀࢺࣛࢵࢡୖࢆ⛣ື
ࡍࡿᵝᏊࢆ㧗㏿ $)0 ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ᫬㛫࡛ほᐹࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪$)0 ࡢ㉮ᰝ୰࡟ '1$࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡀ㐠ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀ┤᥋ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ㐠ືࢆ  ศᏊゎᯒࡍࡿ࡜୰㛫≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢศᒱ⛣ືࡢᵝᏊࡀᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࢺࣛࢵࢡୖࡢ
୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟⛣ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ ᅗ 㹡 㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝୗ࡛ศᏊࡢ⛣ືࢆ⢭ᐦ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ」㞧࡞⤒㊰ࢆไᚚࡋ࡚ື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ>@㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟  ⟠ᡤศᒱࡋࡓࢺࣛࢵࢡࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ศᒱⅬࡢ୧ഃ࡟ࢤ࣮ࢺࢆタࡅ࡚㸪'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢ㐍⾜᪉ྥࡢไᚚࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࢤ࣮ࢺࡣ࠶ࡽ࠿➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࡌࡵࣈࣟࢵࢡ㙐࡛㛢ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ࡛ྲྀࡾཤࡿ࡜ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡀ㐍⾜࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬㓝⣲཯ᛂࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢ఩⨨ࢆ $)0 ࡟ࡼࡿゎᯒ࡜⺯ගᾘගᐇ㦂᳨࡛ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢤ࣮ࢺࡢ㛤࠸ࡓ᪉ྥ࡟ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣ㐍ࡳ㸪 ࡘࡢᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓ⤊╔Ⅼ࡟⛣ືࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪」㞧࡟ศᒱࡋࡓ⤒㊰ࢆ '1$ ᵓ㐀యୖ࡟సᡂࡋ㸪'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢ㐍⾜᪉ྥࡢไᚚࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪㓝⣲཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ⣔ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ග໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓග㥑ືᆺ'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡶᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬ග࡛㥑ືࡍࡿ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢṌ⾜࡜ࡑࡢほᐹࢆ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀ୖ᳨࡛ウࡋࡓ㸬ࣆࣞࣥࢆᑟධࡋࡓ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮࡜ࢪࢫࣝ
ࣇ࢕ࢻ⤖ྜࢆྵࡴ  ᮏࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ 㙐ࢆ஧ḟඖ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓ㸬
89 ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿࣆࣞࣥ࠿ࡽࡢ㟁Ꮚ⛣ື࡛㸪ࢪࢫࣝࣇ࢕ࢻ⤖ྜࡢษ᩿ࢆㄏᑟࡋ㸪ᅗ  '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యୖ࡟సᡂࡋࡓࢺࣛࢵࢡࢆ⛣ືࡍࡿ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮
 D 㛗᪉ᙧࡢ '1$ ᵓ㐀యୖ࡟ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ  ᮏࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$㸦⥳Ⰽ㸧࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࢺࣛࢵࢡ㸬㓝⣲཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐㸦㉥Ⰽ㸧ࡣࡇࡢࢺࣛࢵࢡୖࢆ㸯᪉ྥ࡟⛣ືࡍࡿ㸬 E ศᒱ⛣ືࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢືసཎ⌮㸬'1$ ᵓ㐀యୖࡢ୍ᮏ㙐㸦⥳Ⰽ㸧࡟⤖ྜࡋࡓ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࡀ㓝⣲ษ᩿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪୰㛫≧ែࢆ⤒࡚㸪ḟࡢྠࡌ㓄ิࡢ '1$ 㙐࡟⛣ືࡍࡿ㸦ศᒱ⛣ື㸧㸬 F 㧗㏿$)0 ࡟ࡼࡿ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࡢ㸯ศᏊྍど໬࡜ࡑࡢ㐠ືࡢゎᯒ㸬'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣࢺࣛࢵࢡୖࡢ୍ᮏ
㙐 '1$ ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟⛣ືࡋ㸪ศᒱ⛣ືࡢ୰㛫≧ែࡶྍど໬࡛ࡁࡓ㸬(Reproduced from Nat.
Nanotechnol. 2011 [10])

䠏䠊䠑㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ศᏊ䝬䝅䞁ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ '1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡀ '1$ ࢱ࢖ࣝୖࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡟ἢࡗ࡚᭱ᚋࡢ୍ᮏ
㙐 '1$ ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿࡲ࡛㐃⥆ⓗ࡟⛣ືࡋࡓ㸬'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢ⛣ືࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࡣ㸪ග↷ᑕ᫬㛫࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪'1$ ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㙐ࡢ఩⨨ࢆࢱ࢖ࣝୖࡢ  ࡘࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡢ఩⨨࡛Ỵࡵ㸪ࡑࡢศᕸ࠿ࡽ  ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡈ࡜ࡢ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࢆぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪'1$࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢ⛣ືࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࡣ㸪89 ↷ᑕୗ࡛㧗㏿ $)0 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇ᫬㛫࡛┤᥋ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬䠐䠅እ㒊่⃭䛻ᛂ⟅䛧䛶ྍື䛩䜛 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭ᵓ㐀య㻌
'1$ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ㸪࣓࢝ࢽ࢝ࣝ࡞ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡜࡞ࡿᵓ㐀యࡀసᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㛤㛢ࢆక࠺ᶵᲔⓗ࡞'1$࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ḟඖࡢࣁࢧ࣑ᆺᵓ㐀యࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ㸪≉ᐃࡢศᏊ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚ᵓ㐀ࡢ㛤㛢ࡀ⾜࠼ࡓ>@㸬࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࡀ≉ᐃࡢศᏊࢆᤕᤊࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡘࡢ࢔࣮࣒ࡀ㛢ࡌ࡚ศᏊࢆᣳࡳ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᶆⓗศᏊࢆศᏊ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬Ήͪɾ'1$࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ౑࠼ࡤ㸪๛┤࡞ḟඖᵓ㐀యࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᶵᲔⓗ࡞㐠ືࢆ⾜࠼ࡿ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యᅗ  እ㒊่⃭࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚ᵓ㐀ࢆኚ࠼ࡿືⓗ࡞ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యD   ࡘࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ୰ᚰࡢ㍈࡛ᅇ㌿࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㧗 ࡛ࡣ㛤࠸ࡓᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ప ࡛㛢ࡌࡓᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ᗘ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚ྍ㏫ⓗ࡟㛤㛢ࡍࡿ㸬 E ሷ⃰ᗘ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚⭎ࢆ㛤㛢ࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸬 F 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᧯స࡛ࡁࡿᅇ㌿ᵓ㐀య㸬'1$ 㙐࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ྑᕳࡁ
࡜ᕥᕳࡁ࡟ᅇ㌿ࡀྍ⬟㸬 G 㔠ࢼࣀࣟࢵࢻࢆ⤖ྜࡋࡓᅇ㌿ᵓ㐀య㸬ග࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚ࣟࢵࢡࡋࡓ≧ែ࡜ࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫࡋࡓ≧ែࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㔠ࢼࣀࣟࢵࢻ㛫ࡢࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥ┦஫స⏝࠿ࡽศගᏛ
ⓗ࡟ㄞࡳฟࡋࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㸦Reproduced from Science 2015 [15], Nat. Mater. 2014 [16], Nat. Commun.
2016[17]ʥ

➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࡶᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬Ỉ⁐ᾮ୰ࡢሷ⃰ᗘࡸ ᗘ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚ḟඖᵓ㐀ࢆኚ࠼ࡿᵓ
㐀యࡶ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㸬ཎ⌮ࡣ㸪஧ᮏ㙐'1$ᮎ➃ྠኈࡢሷᇶᑐࡢ㛫࡟ാࡃȧ̿ȧ┦஫స⏝࡜ᙧ≧ࡢࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୰ᚰ࡛ᅇ㌿࡛ࡁ㸪㛤㛢ྍ⬟࡞ᮏࡢᕪࡋ㐪࠸Წ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᵓ㐀యࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪ሷ⃰ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㛤࠸ࡓ;ᆺࡢᵓ㐀యࡀ㸪ᙧ≧ࡢࣇ࢕ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛢ࡌ࡚Წ≧࡟࡞ࡿタィ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗD㸧>@㸬㛤㛢ࢆ⺯ග᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪 ᗘࡢ᪼㝆࡟ࡼࡿᵓ㐀యࡢ㛤㛢ࢆ༓ᅇ௨ୖ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡶᵓ㐀యࡣቯࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃືసࡋ㸪࣓࢝ࢽ࢝ࣝ࡞ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶඃࢀࡓᛶ⬟ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㞟ྜ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࣟࢱ࣮ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢྍື࡞᱁Ꮚ㞟ྜయࢆᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢྍື㒊఩࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚
ࠕேᆺࠖࢆసࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ሷ⃰ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚⭎ࢆ㛤㛢ࡍࡿࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ࡶᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗE㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪୰ᚰ࡛ᅇ㌿ྍ⬟࡞ᮏࡢᲬ≧ᵓ㐀యࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪㔠ࢼࣀࣟࢵࢻࢆ⤖ྜࡋࡓᵓ㐀యࡢᅇ㌿ไᚚࢆ'1$㙐஺᥮ࡲࡓࡣග཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜࠸㸪ಶࡢ㔠ࢼࣀࣟࢵࢻ㛫ࡢࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥ┦஫స⏝ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢᵓ⠏ࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ
FG㸧>㸪@㸬㔠ࢼࣀࣟࢵࢻ㛫ࡢᅇ㌿ゅ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪'1$ࡢ࢟ࣛࣜࢸ࢕࣮࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿ෇஧Ⰽᛶ㸦&'㸧ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢࣆ࣮ࢡᙧ≧ࡢ཯㌿࡜ᙉᗘࡢኚ໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᅇ㌿࡛ࡁࡿᵓ㐀యࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢືⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥኚ໬ࢆศග
Ꮫⓗ࡟ㄞࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬䜎䛸䜑䛸௒ᚋ䛾◊✲㻌

'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᖹ㠃ᵓ㐀ࡸ❧యᵓ㐀ࢆࢹࢨ࢖࣭ࣥసᡂࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬≉࡟ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸ࢀࡤ㸪⏕యศᏊࡸᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊࡢ⢭ᐦ࡞㓄⨨࡜ࡑࡢ᧯సࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ศᏊࡢ཯ᛂࡸほᐹ✵㛫ࡢᵓ⠏ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㟼ⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀యࡢᵓ⠏࡜ືⓗ࡞ศᏊ᧯సࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡢᵓ⠏ࡸࡑࡢືసࡢほᐹࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪'1$ ᵓ㐀యୖ࡟⤒㊰ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࢆື࠿ࡍᢏ⾡
ࡸ」㞧࡟ศᒱࡋࡓ⤒㊰࡛㐍⾜᪉ྥࢆỴࡵࡽࢀࡿࢤ࣮ࢺࢆ౑࠸㸪≉ᐃࡢሙᡤ࡟ ಶࡢศᏊࢆ⛣ືࡉࡏࡿᢏ⾡ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ศᏊࡸග࡞࡝ࡢእ㒊⎔ቃ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿศᏊࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆ㸱ḟඖᵓ㐀య࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࡢ㐠ືࢆไᚚྍ⬟࡞࣓࢝ࢽ࢝ࣝ࡞ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡶᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᫬㛫ࡸ✵㛫ࢆไᚚࡋࡓศᏊࡢ㍺㏦ࡸᨺฟ࡞࡝ࡶྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⣽⬊ࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ㸪ᶵ⬟ࡢไᚚࢆ⾜࠺ศᏊࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡶᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬>@㸦ヲ⣽ࡣ ❶ཧ↷㸧㸬ࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ⢭ᐦࡉ࡛ศᏊࡢືࡁࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡣⓎᒎ䠏䠊䠑㻌 㻰㻺㻭 ศᏊ䝬䝅䞁ẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ከࡃࡢ᝟ሗࢆㄆ㆑࣭ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚㧗࠸ᶵ⬟ᛶࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵ
ࢺࠖ࡬ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
[1] %DWK-7XUEHUILHOG$-'1$QDQRPDFKLQHV 1DW1DQRWHFKQRO 
[2] <XUNH%7XUEHUILHOG$-0LOOV$3-U6LPPHO)&DQG1HXPDQQ-/$
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➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮



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㸦ி㒔኱Ꮫ 㐲⸨ᨻᖾ㸧㻌䠏䠊䠒㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䜢⏝䛔䛯䝷䜲䝣䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇◊✲㻌㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌
'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ࡣ㸪⏕యࡸ⣽⬊ᶵ⬟ࡢไᚚ࡬ࡢ
ᛂ⏝ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪'1$ ᵓ㐀యࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ⸆≀ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡛ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀యࡢᵓ⠏ࡸ≉␗ⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆᑟධࡋࡓศᏊࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢᵓ⠏ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪⸆≀ࡸࣜ࢞ࣥࢻ㸪௚ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ  ࡘࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀య࡟㞟⣙ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡢࡳ࡛సᡂ࡛ࡁ㸪┤᥋㸪⸆≀ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ࡟౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪'1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡣᵝࠎ࡟࢝ࢫࢱ࣐࢖ࢬࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᶵ⬟ࢆࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ
࡜ࡋ࡚」ྜ໬ࡋࡓࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ኱ࡁ࡞฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟'1$ ࢜ࣜࢦ࣐࣮ࢆ⣽⬊࡟ᑟධࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪⣽⬊⭷ࢆ㏱㐣ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶ
ࡢ」ྜ໬ヨ⸆ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪'1$ ࢆࢼࣀᵓ㐀໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚㸪ᵓ㐀య⮬యࡀ࢚ࣥࢻࢧ࢖ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫࢆ⤒࡚⣽⬊࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢ฼Ⅼ࠿ࡽ㸪'1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡀ฼⏝ࡉࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆ౑ࡗࡓ⣽⬊࡟ᑐࡍࡿ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ㸪ᵓ㐀య㸪ᑟධࡍࡿᶵ⬟࡞࡝௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟㞟⣙ࡉࢀࡿ㸬㻌, ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ㸸⸆≀ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ㸪⣽⬊ᶵ⬟ࡢไᚚ㸦㌿෗ࡢ㜼ᐖ㸪51$ ᖸ΅㸪ࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟㸧
㸪࢔࣏ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫ㸦⣽⬊Ṛ㸧ࡢㄏᑟ㸪ච␿ᛂ⟅ࡢไᚚ㸪⒴἞⒪࡞
࡝㸬,, ࣎ࢹ࢕㸸㸦㸯㸧ᵓ㐀య㸸'1$ ࡢᑠつᶍ࡞࢔ࢭࣥࣈ࣮ࣜ㸦ᅄ㠃యᵓ㐀࡞࡝㸧㸪
'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞㸪'1$ ࣈࣜࢵࢡ࡞࡝㸹㸦㸰㸧ᵓ㐀ࡢኚ᥮ᶵ⬟㸸ศᏊࡸ⎔ቃ࡟ᛂ䠏䠊䠓㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䛻䜘䜛㓝⣲཯ᛂ䛾୍ศᏊほᐹ⟅ࡋࡓ㛤㛢ᶵᵓ࡞࡝㸬,,,ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸸㸦㸯㸧ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ⏝ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸸ᑠศᏊ㸪ᢠయ㸪᰾㓟࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮࡞࡝㸦⣽⬊⾲㠃࡟≉␗ⓗ࡞ཷᐜయࡸࢱࣥࣃࢡࡢศᏊㄆ㆑㸧㸹㸦㸰㸧ᶵ⬟
ไᚚ⏝ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸸ᢠ⒴๣㸪⏕⌮άᛶศᏊ㸪ච␿ᛂ⟅⏝ศᏊ㸪ᖸ΅⏝ 51$㸪ࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟⏝ &DV ࡞࡝㓝⣲㢮㸹㸦㸱㸧⎔ቃᛂ⟅ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸸㹮+㸪 ᗘ㸪ሷ⃰ᗘ㸪ග࡞࡝㸬㻰㻺㻭 䝘䝜ᵓ㐀య䛾⣽⬊ᶵ⬟䛾ไᚚ䜈䛾ᛂ⏝
㸯㸧'1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⣽⬊ෆ࡬ࡢᑟධ࡜ᶵ⬟ไᚚᑠつᶍ࡞ '1$ ࡢ࢔ࢭࣥࣈ࣮ࣜ࠿ࡽ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆసᡂ㸪⣽⬊࡬ࡢᑟධࡸ
ᶵ⬟ไᚚࢆ⾜࠺◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢜ࣜࢦ࣐࣮࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᅄ㠃యᵓ㐀ࡸᯞศ࠿ࢀࡋࡓᵓ㐀యࢆ౑ࡗࡓ⣽⬊࡬ࡢᑟධࡀ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ࢚ࣥࢻࢧ࢖
ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫࢆ⤒࡚⣽⬊ෆ࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ච␿ᛂ⟅ࢆቑᙉࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ 7ROO ᵝཷᐜయ  7/5 ࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋࡓศᏊ &S* ࡀ㡬Ⅼ࡟ᑟධࡉࢀࡓᅄ㠃యࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᆺ '1$ ᵓ㐀యࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡬ࡢᑟධ࡜ࢧ࢖
ࢺ࢝࢖ࣥࡢ⏘⏕ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡓ>@㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᯞศ࠿ࢀࡋࡓ '1$ ࢜ࣜࢦ࣐࣮࡟ &S* 㓄ิࢆ⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⣽⬊ෆ࡬ࡢᑟධ࡜ච␿ᛂ⟅ࡢቑᙉࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ>@㸬ࡇࡢᅄ㠃యᵓ㐀ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⣽⬊ෆࡢศᏊ᳨ฟ࡜࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢ㸪51$ ᖸ΅࡟ࡼࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡢᢚไ࡞࡝࡟ࡶ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ㸯 '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢศᏊࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ࡬ࡢ฼⏝㸬D ᅄ㠃యᵓ㐀ࡢ㡬Ⅼ࡟ &S* 㓄ิࢆᑟධࡋ㸪⣽⬊࡬ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࡏ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢺ࢝࢖ࣥࡢ
⏘⏕ࡢቑᙉࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬 E '1$ ࢜ࣜࢦ࣐࣮࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ஧༑㠃యࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝෆ࡟➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

⺯ගศᏊࡸ⏕⌮άᛶ≀㉁ࢆ⤖ྜࡋࡓࢹ࢟ࢫࢺࣛࣥ㸦࣏࣐࣮ࣜ㸧ࢆ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ㸪ග↷ᑕ࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡢศᏊࢆᨺฟࡍࡿ㸬 ((a) Reproduced from ACS Nano 2011 [2], (b)Reproduced from Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017 [4])
እ㒊่⃭࡟ࡼࡿ⏕⌮άᛶ≀㉁ࡢᨺฟ࡜ᶵ⬟ไᚚ⏕యෆࡢᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓ⣽⬊࡛㸪✵㛫ⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟㧗⢭ᗘ࡛ᑠศᏊࢆᨺฟࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࢜ࣜࢦ࣐࣮ࡼࡾ஧༑㠃యᵓ㐀ࡢ '1$ ࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࡢෆ㒊࡟ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศᏊࢆᨺฟ࡛ࡁࡿගᛂ⟅ᛶ࣏࣐࣮ࣜ
ࢆ඘ሸࡋࡓ」ྜయࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ E㸧>@㸬ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢚ࣥࢻࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ኱
ࡁࡉࡢ✵㛫ศゎ⬟࡛⣽⬊㉁ෆ࡬ᑠศᏊࡢᨺฟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ග↷ᑕᚋ࡟ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿᑠศᏊࡢືࡁࢆࣔࢽࢱ࣮࡛ࡁ㸪ศᏊࡢᨺฟࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ఩⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶṇ☜࡟ࢃ࠿ࡿ ᅗ E 㸬ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ࡚㸪⚄⤒᪂⏕࡜ࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢ⏕Ꮡࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ⚄⤒ࢫࢸࣟ࢖ࢻ
㸦ࢹࣄࢻ࢚ࣟࣆ࢔ࣥࢻࣟࢫࢸࣟࣥ㸸'+($㸧౑ࡗ࡚㸪'1$ ࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࠿ࡽࡢ '+($ ࡢග↷ᑕ࡜ᨺฟࢆ⾜࠸㸪'+($ ࡟ࡼࡿ⚄⤒άᛶ໬ࢆ᫬✵㛫ⓗ࡟㏣㊧ࡋࡓ ᅗ FG 㸬ࡲࡓ㸪'1$ ࢝ࣉࢭࣝෆ࡟ '+($ ࢆ㝸㞳ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪ගࢣ࣮ࢪࡉࢀࡓ '+($ ࡀ⚄⤒⣽⬊ࢆ୙⏝ព࡟άᛶ໬ࡍࡿࡢࢆ㜵ࡄࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡣ㸪ከᵝ࡞⚄⤒่⃭ศᏊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ౑⏝࡛ࡁ㸪ศᏊࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ࡜᫬✵㛫ไᚚࡋࡓศᏊࡢάᛶ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ỗ⏝ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ  እ㒊่⃭࡟ࡼࡿ⏕⌮άᛶ≀㉁ࡢᨺฟ
'1$ ࢜ࣜࢦ࣐࣮࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ஧༑㠃యࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝෆ࡟⺯ගศᏊࡸ⏕⌮άᛶ≀㉁ࢆ⤖ྜࡋࡓࢹ࢟ࢫ
ࢺࣛࣥ㸦࣏࣐࣮ࣜ㸧ࢆ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ㸪ග↷ᑕ࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡢศᏊࢆᨺฟࡍࡿ㸬 E ග↷ᑕᚋ࡟ࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭ
ࣝ㸦ୗᅗ㸪㉥Ⰽ㸧࠿ࡽ⺯ගศᏊ㸦ୖᅗ㸪⥳Ⰽ㸧ࡀ᫬㛫ࢆ㏣ࡗ࡚⣽⬊㉁ෆ࡟ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿᵝᏊ㸬 Fගࢣ࣮ࢪศᏊࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࢹ࢟ࢫࢺࣛࣥ࡜⤖ྜࡋࡓ '+($ ࡣග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬 G '+($ ᨺ䠏䠊䠓㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䛻䜘䜛㓝⣲཯ᛂ䛾୍ศᏊほᐹฟ࡟ࡼࡿ⚄⤒⣽⬊ࡢάᛶ໬㸬࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡀ࡞࠸࡜ග↷ᑕ๓࠿ࡽάᛶ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪࢝ࣉࢭࣝෆ࡟࠶
ࡿ࡜ࡑࢀࡀᢚไࡉࢀ㸪ග↷ᑕࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚άᛶ໬࡛ࡁࡿ㸬(Reproduced from Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017[4])㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭ᵓ㐀య䛾⣽⬊ᑟධ䛸ᶵ⬟Ⓨ⌧㻌
㸯㸧'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࡢ⣽⬊ෆ࡬ࡢᑟධ࡜ᶵ⬟Ⓨ⌧'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆ౑࠸㸪᪂ࡓ࡞⸆≀࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ศᏊࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ
ἲࡀ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪⺯ගࣛ࣋ࣝࡋࡓ㏻ᖖࡢ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆᇵ
㣴⣽⬊࡟ຍ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡬ࡢຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᑟධࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪⸆≀ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᢠ⒴๣࡛࠶ࡿࢻ࢟ࢯࣝࣅࢩࣥ 'R[ ࢆ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮࣮࢝ࣞ
ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ྜࡋࡓ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ D㸧>@㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య࡟ࡣ㸪㧗࠸⃰ᗘ࡛⸆≀ࢆᑟධ࡛ࡁ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡬ࡢຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᑟධ࡜㢧ⴭ࡞⣽⬊ẘᛶࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞⸆㏦㍺㏦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪⒴⣽⬊࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡛㸪⏕య㐺ྜᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ⸆≀࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࡇ࡜♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪⏕య࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪࣐࢘ࢫయෆࡢ⭘⒆ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢸ
࢕ࣥࢢ࡜⭘⒆㒊఩࡛ࡢ⸆≀ࡢᣢ⥆ᛶࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ>@㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣ㸪≉␗ⓗ࡞⭘⒆࡬ࡢ⵳✚ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᢠ⒴๣ 'R[ ࢆ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య࡬ᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⭘⒆࡬ࡢࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ࡜㢧ⴭ࡞ᢠ⭘⒆ຠᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢⓎ⌧ࢆᢚไࡍࡿ 51$ VL51$ ࢆ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⭘⒆ࡢቑṪࢆᢚไࡋࡓ>@㸬࢔࣏ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫࢆᢚไࡍࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ
%FO ࡢ VL51$ ࢆ⤖ྜࡋࡓ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆ⣽⬊ෆ࡟ᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪51$
ᖸ΅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ %FO ࡢⓎ⌧ࡀᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ㸪⒴⣽⬊ࡢቑṪࡀᢚไࡉࢀ㸪࣐࢘ࢫࡢ⭘⒆ࡢᡂ㛗ࡶᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬
㸰㸧'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ⸆≀ᨺฟ ḟඖ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆ౑࠸㸪ᢠ⒴๣ࢻ࢟ࢯࣝࣅࢩࣥࢆሷᇶᑐ㛫࡟࢖ࣥࢱ࣮
࣮࢝ࣞࢺࡉࡏ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟ᑟධᚋ㸪ᚎࠎ࡟⸆≀ࢆᨺฟࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ>@㸬 ḟඖ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࡣ㸪஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡢࣆࢵࢳ㸦ࡽࡏࢇ㸯ᅇ㌿ࡢሷᇶᑐᩘ࡛⾲ࡍ㸧ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ  ✀㢮ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ሷᇶᑐ㛫ࡢࡺࡿࡳࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ E㸧>@㸬ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢࣆࢵࢳࢆ㸯ᅇ㌿ᙜࡓࡾᶆ‽ᆺ ሷᇶᑐ࡜⦆ࢇࡔ  ሷᇶᑐ࡟タィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⦆࠸  ሷᇶᑐࡢᵓ㐀య࡛ࡣᶆ‽ᆺ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
'R[ ࡢ⤖ྜ㔞ࡀ 㸣ቑຍࡋ㸪ᩘ᫬㛫࠿ࡅ࡚ࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜ᨺฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ㄪᩚ
࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬⣽⬊ෆ࡟ࡶຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ㸪'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮



ࡀ 'R[ ࡢຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ࡟᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜࠿ࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬⒴⣽⬊࡛ࡢ࢔࣏ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫ㸦⣽⬊Ṛ㸧ࡢㄏᑟࡢຠᯝࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟ಖᣢࡉࢀ㸪⒴⣽⬊࡛ࡢ࢔࣏ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫࡢㄏᑟࡀຠᯝⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㸬⛬ᗘࡢ␗࡞ࡿࡡࡌࢀࢆᣢࡘࡼ
࠺࡟ᵓ㐀ࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⸆≀ࡢᨺฟ㏿ᗘࢆไᚚࡋ㸪ㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㸱㸧⬡㉁࡟ࡼࡿᵓ㐀యࡢ⿕そ'1$ ᵓ㐀యࢆ⏕య࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿୖ࡛㸪⏕యෆ⎔ቃ࡛ࡢ '1$ ᵓ㐀యࡢ୙Ᏻᐃᛶ࡜
ච␿⣔ࡢάᛶ໬ࡣ㸪⏕య࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢ㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪⏕యෆࡢࢾᅗ  '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࡢ⣽⬊࡬ࡢࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ࡜ᶵ⬟ไᚚD సᡂࡋࡓ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య࡟ᢠ⒴๣ࢻ࢟ࢯࣝࣅࢩࣥ 'R[ ࢆ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮࣮࢝ࣞࢺࡉࡏ㸪⣽⬊࡟ᑟධࡍࡿ㸬 E ࣆࢵࢳࡢ␗࡞ࡿ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య  ཬࡧ  ሷᇶᑐ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 'R[ ࡢ⤖ྜ㔞࡜ᨺฟ㏿ᗘࢆไᚚࡍࡿ㸬㸦5HSURGXFHGIURP-$P&KHP6RF>@$&61DQR>@ʥࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ '1$ ᵓ㐀యࡢศゎ⪏ᛶ࡜ච␿άᛶ໬ࡢᢚไࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࢘࢖ࣝࢫ࡞࡝ኳ↛࡟࠶ࡿ⢏≧ᵓ㐀యࡣ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡛࡛ࡁࡓ✵㛫ᵓ㐀ࡀ⬡㉁࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚そࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ឤᰁ୰ࡢච␿ㄆ㆑ࢆᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿ௙⤌ࡳࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
6KLK ࡽࡣศゎࢆ㜵ࡂ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ⾑୰ࢆᚠ⎔ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪ඵ㠃యࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᆺ '1$࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀య ┤ᚄ⣙  QP ࢆ⬡㉁஧㔜⭷࡛そࡗࡓ」ྜయࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆసᡂ
ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸧>@㸬3(*㸦࣏࢚ࣜࢳࣞࣥࢢࣜࢥ࣮ࣝ㸧ಟ㣭ࡋࡓ⬡㉁஧㔜⭷࡛⿕そࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ '1$ ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡣ㸪ࢾࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮ࡟ࡼࡿศゎ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪏ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ච␿άᛶ໬ࡣ㸪⿕そࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᵓ㐀య࡟ᑐࡋ࡚኱ᖜ࡟㸦 ᱆㸧పୗࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᵓ㐀యࢆ࣐࢘ࢫ࡟ᢞ୚ࡍࡿ࡜㸪⬡㉁࡛そࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᵓ㐀యࡣ㏿ࡸ࠿࡟᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿ㸦 ศ࡛༙ῶ㸧ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪⬡㉁࡛そࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵓ㐀యࡣయෆ࡟㛗ࡃಖᣢࡉࢀ㸦 ศ࡛༙ῶ㸧㸪࣐࢘ࢫ࡟ᢞ୚ᚋ㸪⾑୰࡟ࡼࡃಖᣢࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ E㸧㸬䠏䠊䠓㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䛻䜘䜛㓝⣲཯ᛂ䛾୍ศᏊほᐹࡉࡽ࡟㸪6KLK ࡽࡣ㸪࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶࡢ࣏࣐࣮ࣜࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪 ḟඖ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆそ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪పሷ⃰ᗘ୰ࡸᇵᆅ୰࡛Ᏻᐃ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡓ ᅗ
F㸧>@㸬≉࡟ 3(* ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶ࣏࣐࣮࡛ࣜそ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࣐࢘ࢫࡢయෆ࡟  ᫬㛫࡞࡝㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ᏻᐃ࡟Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⏕యᛂ⏝࡟㐺ࡋࡓタィ᪉ἲࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪་Ꮫⓗ࡟ᛂ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡿ '1$ ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ D ඵ㠃యࣉ࣮࣒ࣞᆺ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆ⬡㉁஧㔜⭷࡜ 3(* ࡛そࡗࡓ

'1$ ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸬 E '1$ ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢ࣐࢘ࢫయෆ࡛ࡢಖᣢ㸦㸰᫬㛫ᚋ㸧㸬ᕥ㸸⿕そ࡞ࡋ㸬⭤⬔ෆ࡟⵳✚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྑ㸸⿕そ࠶ࡾࠋ඲㌟࡟ศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
㸦5HSURGXFHGIURP$&61DQR>@ʥ་⒪⏝ 㻰㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝻䝪䝑䝖㻌㸯㸧ືⓗ࡞ᶵᵓࢆᣢࡘࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
'1$ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡢ୍ࡘࡢ┠ᶆ࡟⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ไᚚ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
ࠕ'1$ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡜࿨ྡࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪⣽⬊⾲㠃ࡢ⏕యศᏊࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚❧యᵓ㐀ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ㸪⣽⬊㑅ᢥⓗ࡟ᶵ⬟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪⟄≧ᵓ㐀ࡀ஧ࡘ࡟๭ࢀࡓᵓ㐀యࢆ౑࠸㸪ࡑࡢ୍᪉ࡢᮎ➃ࢆ⤖ྜࡋ࡚㛤㛢࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬᭱ึࡣ㛢ࡌࡓ⟄≧ᵓ㐀య࡛㸪┠ⓗࡢ⏕యศᏊࡀ⤖ྜࡍࡿ࡜஧ᮏ㙐'1$ࡢゎ㞳࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᵓ㐀యࡀ㛤ࡃ௙⤌ࡳ࡟ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗD㸧㸬ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺศᏊࡀ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ'1$㙐࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ࡜஧ᮏ㙐'1$㒊ศࡀゎ㞳ࡍࡿᶵᵓࢆഛ࠼࡚࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗE㸧㸬ᶆⓗࡢ⣽⬊⾲㠃࡟࠶ࡿࢱ࣮ࢤ
ࢵࢺศᏊࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ㸪⤖ྜࡋ࡚㸪⟄≧ᵓ㐀యࡣ㛤ࡃ㸦ᅗF㸧㸬㸰✀㢮ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵ
ࢺศᏊ࡛⟄ࡀ㛤ࡃࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤ㸰✀㢮ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺศᏊࡀ⾲㠃࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ⣽⬊ࡔࡅ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸦ᅗG㸧㸬ᵓ㐀యࡢෆ㒊࡟ࡣᢠయࡀ⤖ྜࡋ࡚࠶ࡗ࡚㸪⟄≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࡀ㛤࠸࡚㸪ࡇࡢᢠయࡀ⣽⬊⾲㠃ࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⣽⬊࡟ࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆ㏦ࡾ㸪ᣦ௧㏻ࡾ࡟⣽⬊Ṛࡸ⣽⬊ศ⿣➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࡢไᚚࢆ⣽⬊࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪⣽⬊ࡢ┠༳ࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛⒴⣽⬊࡞࡝ࢆṚ⁛ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵศᏊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡁࡿ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞་⒪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ⣽⬊ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ '1$ ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
 D 㛢ࡌࡓ≧ែࡢࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸬⟄≧ࡢෆ㒊࡟ᢠయࢆᑟධࡋ࡚࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕ㘽ࠖ࡜࡞ࡿ '1$ 㙐࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛢ࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦◚⥺ᅄゅ㸧㸬 E  ࠕ㘽ࠖࡢ㛤ࡃ௙⤌ࡳ㸬ᶆⓗศᏊ ㉥୸ ࡣ㟷Ⰽࡢ '1$ 㙐 ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮'1$ ࡟⤖ྜࡋ㸪ࡶ࡜ࡢ஧ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡀゎ㞳ࡍࡿ㸬 F 㛤࠸ࡓ≧ែࡢࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸬ෆ㒊ࡢᢠయࡀ⣽⬊≉᭷ࡢᢠཎ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ㸬 G  ✀㢮ࡢᶆⓗศᏊ࡛ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ㛤ࡃࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ࡘࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢࡳ㸪⣽⬊⾲㠃࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ㸬ㄽ⌮ࢤ࣮ࢺⓗ࡞⣽⬊ࡢ㆑ูࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬(Reproduced from Science 2012 [12])

㸰㸧⏕యෆࡢ⭘⒆ࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋࡓࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ືⓗ࡞ᶵᵓࢆᣢࡘࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺศᏊࢆࢺ࣮ࣜ࢞࡜ࡋ࡚ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ㧗ᛶ⬟࡞⸆≀ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ㐀యࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪ศᏊ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋࡓ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᵓ
㐀యࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪⭘⒆࡟ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿศᏊࢆᥦ♧࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸧>@㸬ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪እ㒊࡟⭘⒆࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ '1$ ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮㸪ࡑࡢෆ㒊࡟⾑ᾮจᅛࣉࣟࢸ࢔࣮ࢮ࡛࠶ࡿࢺࣟࣥࣅ࡛ࣥᶵ⬟໬ࡋࡓ㸬⭘⒆⣽⬊ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢱࣥࣃࢡ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࡣ㸪'1$ ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ࣓࢝
ࢽ࢝ࣝ࡟㛤ࡃࡓࡵࡢ㘄๓࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ㸬ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ㛤ࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪ෆ㒊࡟ᑟධࡋࡓࢺࣟࣥࣅࣥࡣ㸪㟢ฟࡉࢀ㸪⭘⒆㒊఩࡛⾑ᾮจᅛࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ㸬⭘⒆ࢆࡶ
ࡘ࣐࢘ࢫࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪⾑୰࡟ᑟධࡋࡓ '1$ ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࢺࣟࣥࣅࣥࢆ
⭘⒆㛵㐃⾑⟶࡟≉␗ⓗ࡟ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࡋ㸪⾑⟶ෆ⾑ᰦ⑕ࢆㄏⓎࡋ࡚㸪⭘⒆ࡢቯṚ࡜⭘⒆ࡢቑṪࢆ㜼ᐖ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᐇドࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⏕య୰࡛ච䠏䠊䠓㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䛻䜘䜛㓝⣲཯ᛂ䛾୍ศᏊほᐹ␿Ꮫⓗ࡟୙άᛶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪'1$ ᵓ㐀యࢆᶵ⬟໬ࡋࡓࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ࡀ㸪⒴἞⒪ࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ṇ☜࡞⸆≀ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࡢࡓࡵࡢ᭷ᮃ࡞ᡭἲ࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᅗ  ⏕యෆࡢ⭘⒆ࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋࡓࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ෆ㒊࡟ࢺࣟࣥࣅࣥࢆᣢࡕ㸪࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⟄≧࡟㛢ࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⭘⒆ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢱࣥ
ࣃࢡࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚㛤⎔ࡍࡿ㸬ࢺࣟࣥࣅࣥࡀ⭘⒆㒊఩ࡢ⾑ᾮจᅛࢆ⾜࠺㸬㸦Reproduced from Nature
Biotechnol. 2018 [13]ʥ

䜎䛸䜑䛸௒ᚋ䛾◊✲㻌
'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ᭱኱ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿᵓ㐀యࡢタィ࡜⮬⏤࡟ศᏊࢆᑟ
ධ࡛ࡁࡿᢏ⾡ࢆᇶ┙࡟㸪⣽⬊ᶵ⬟ࡢไᚚࡸ⏕య࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉࡟㸪'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᢏ⾡౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᵓ㐀యࡢᵓ⠏ࡸ┠ⓗࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᑟධࡋࡓࢼ
ࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢᵓ⠏ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⸆≀ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⸆≀ࡢᑟධࠊࣜ࢞ࣥࢻࡸ௚ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ  ࡘࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀య࡟㞟✚࡛ࡁ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡢࡳ࡛సᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪'1$ ᵓ㐀యࡣᵝࠎ࡟࢝ࢫࢱ࣐࢖ࢬࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᶵ⬟ࢆࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚」ྜ໬ࡋࡓࢹ
ࣂ࢖ࢫࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ືⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀యࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛㸪⸆≀ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪ࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠ⓗศᏊࢆෆ㒊࡟᱁⣡ࡋࡓࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡀศᏊࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᶵᲔⓗ࡞ືࡁࡶᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟⏕యෆࡢ⭘⒆ࢆぢࡘࡅฟࡋ࡚㸪἞⒪ࡍࡿࢼࣀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡶᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ἞⒪ࢆ⾜࠺ࢼࣀ࣓ࢹ࢕ࢩࣥ࡬ࡢᒎ㛤ࡀ㸪௒ᚋ་⒪ࢆ኱➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࡁࡃኚ㠉ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
[1] +X4/L+:DQJ/*X+)DQ&'1$1DQRWHFKQRORJ\(QDEOHG'UXJ'HOLYHU\6\VWHPV&KHP5HYLQSUHVV  [2] /L - HWDO 6HOIDVVHPEOHG PXOWLYDOHQW'1$ QDQRVWUXFWXUHV IRU QRQLQYDVLYH
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transport of molecular payloads. Science, 335, 831-834 (2012).
[13] Li, S., et al. A DNA nanorobot functions as a cancer therapeutic in response to amolecular trigger in vivo. Nat. Biotechnol., 36, 258-264 (2018).
㸦ி㒔኱Ꮫ 㐲⸨ᨻᖾ㸧䠏䠊䠓㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䛻䜘䜛㓝⣲཯ᛂ䛾୍ศᏊほᐹ䠏䠊䠓㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䛻䜘䜛㓝⣲཯ᛂ䛾୍ศᏊほᐹ㻌 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪⏕≀ᮦᩱ࡜㟁Ꮚᮦᩱࢆྵࡴᵝࠎ࡞ᮦᩱ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㒊ရ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬⏕≀ᮦᩱࡢ௦⾲ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪㓝⣲ ⺮ⓑ㉁ࡸ᰾㓟࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ ࡣ㸪ࢫ࣐࣍➼ࢆᙧసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㟁Ꮚ㒊ရ➼࡜ẚ࡭ࡓ᫬㸪≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀ
࠸ࡃࡘ࠿࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡀ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᾘ㈝ࡢᑡ࡞ࡉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ከࡃࡢ㟁Ꮚᶵჾࡀᇶᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢩࣜࢥ࣮ࣥ࣋ࢫࡢ༙ᑟయ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢩࣜࢥࣥࡢࣂࣥࢻࢠ
ࣕࢵࣉࡣ⣙ H9 . ࡟࡚㸬⣙ N%7㸬N% ࡣ࣎ࣝࢶ࣐ࣥᐃᩘ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪⏕≀ࡀᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㝿࡟฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⇕ᦂࡽࡂࡣ㸪⣙ H9 N%7 ⛬ᗘ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ຠ⋡ࡢⰋ࠸ศᏊ㒊ရ࡛࠶ࡿ㓝⣲ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡀヲ⣽࡟ࢃ࠿ࢀࡤ㸪ேᕤࡢᮦᩱࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓศᏊ㒊ရࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 㓝⣲ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆㄪ࡭ࡿ㝿㸪ከᩘศᏊࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ ࡿࡼࡾࡶ㸪 ศᏊィ࡛ಶ  ಶࡢศᏊࡢάᛶࢆ ࡗࡓ᪉ࡀ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ከᩘࡢศᏊࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪୙ά໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿศᏊࡀ࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ศᏊィ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୙ά໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿศᏊࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ୙ά໬ලྜࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࡾ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢάᛶࢆࡼࡾヲ⣽࡟ㄪ࡭ࡿ஦ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 㓝⣲ࡀാࡃ㝿ࡣ㸪ከᩘࡢศᏊࡀ༠ྠࡋ࡚ാࡃሙྜࡀከ࠸㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠ⬊ࡀ㍺㏦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ㍺㏦ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᚤᑠ⟶࣮ࣞࣝࡢୖࢆືࡃ࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡸࢲ࢖ࢽࣥ ࡣ㸪」ᩘ✀㢮ࡀ༠ㄪࡋ࡚ാࡃ஦
ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢᡭἲ ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࣅ࣮ࢬ࡟࣮ࣔࢱ
࣮⺮ⓑ㉁ࢆ྾╔ࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲ ࡛ࡣ㸪㍺㏦」ྜయ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊࡢᩘࡸ㓄⨨㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࢆไᚚࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪'1$ ࡸ '1$ ࣑࡛࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣ㸪'1$
ሷᇶᑐ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳ࡀ QP ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࢼࣀ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ⢭ᗘࡢศᏊ㓄⨨ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢศᏊᶵᵓࢆヲ⣽࡟ㄪ࡭ࡿ஦ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ >@㸪>@ 㸬ࡲࡓ㸪'1$ ࣑࡛࢜ࣜ࢞ࡣ㸪⏕≀ᮦᩱࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᮦᩱࢆ㞟✚໬࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛㸪⏕≀࡛ࡣᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᶵ⬟ࢆᐇ⿦໬࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ⊩>@࡛ࡣ㸪ග࡟ࡼࡿ㐠ືไᚚࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸬 '1$ ࡸ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࡣ㸪㍺㏦࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡲࡽ࡞࠸㸬⯆࿡῝࠸஦࡟㸪᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㓝⣲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪'1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ୖ࡛ࡢ㓝⣲άᛶࡀ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ⁐ᾮ୰࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ౛ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡢヲ⣽࡞᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㸪㈇㟁Ⲵࢆᖏࡧࡓ '1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀⾲㠃࡛ࡣ㸪Ỉࡢ≧ែࡸ S+ ࡀ㏻ᖖࡢ⁐ᾮ⎔ቃ࡜␗࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜௬ㄝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ >@㸪

➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮>@ 㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆୖᡭࡃ฼⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪⏕≀ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᛶ⬟ࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᛂ⏝ඛ࡜ࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿศ㔝࡟㸪་⒪ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬⣽⬊ࡣ㸪タィᅗ࡛࠶ࡿࢤࣀ࣒ '1$ ࠿ࡽ㸪≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ᚲせ࡞㓝⣲ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ 㸬ࡇࡢ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢆ⮬⏤⮬ᅾ࡟᧯ࢀࢀࡤ㸪⣽⬊ࡢ㐠࿨ࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ᩧ⸨༤ⱥඛ⏕ࡢ㡯ࢆཧ↷ 㸬ᡃࠎࡣ㸪᭱㏆㸪㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ ㌿෗ ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㓝⣲ '1$ ࠿ࡽ 51$ ࢆసࡿ 51$ ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ 51$3

࡜ᶆⓗ㑇ఏᏊࢆ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ୖ࡟㞟✚໬ࡋ ㌿෗ࢼࣀࢳࢵࣉ 㸪ࡑࡢάᛶࢆ  ศᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝホ౯ࡍࡿ஦࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ ᅗ 㸬>@ 㸬Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡓ  ಶࡢࢼࣀࢳࢵࣉࡢάᛶࢆ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢᡭἲ ⁐ᾮࢆ⁻࠺㓝⣲࡜⁐ᾮࢆ⁻࠺㑇ఏᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ཯ᛂᣑᩓ⣔ ࡜ẚ㍑
ࡍࡿ࡜㸪 ಶࡢࢼࣀࢳࢵࣉ 㓝⣲ࡣ  ࡘࡔࡅ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡀከᩘࡢ㓝⣲࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿάᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪㓝⣲ 51$3 ࡜ᶆⓗ㑇ఏᏊࡢ㏆᥋໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪㧗࠸ᐇຠ⃰ᗘࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ᡃࠎࡢぢ✚࡛ࡣ㸪㓝⣲ 51$3 ࡜ᶆⓗ㑇ఏᏊࡀ QP ࡢ㊥㞳࡟࠶ࡿ᫬㸪㑇ఏᏊ⃰ᗘࡣ P0 ௨ୖ࡟┦ᙜ 㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴ஦࡛㸪᳨ฟ࣭₇⟬࣭ฟຊࢆ  ศᏊ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ⮬ᚊࢳࢵࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ஦ࡶ♧ࡋࡓ㸬᭦࡟㸪๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪'1$ ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ୖ࡟ࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᮦᩱࢆ㞟✚໬࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛㸪ගᛂ⟅ᶵ⬟ࡶᐇ⿦໬࡛ࡁ㸪ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡢ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡶᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡓ  ධຊ $1' ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ࠿ࡽ㸪ከᩘỴࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ࡟᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ 㸬௒ᚋ㸪ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࡀⓎᒎࡍࢀࡤ㸪㧗ᛶ⬟࡞ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᐇ⌧ࡢ୍ຓ࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬
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ᅗ  Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸪 ศᏊ㓝⣲άᛶ ᐃ㸬PP ࡢἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ୰࡟㸪S0 ࡢ⃰ᗘ࡛ '1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢳࢵࣉࢆᑒධࡍࡿ࡜㸪 ศᏊ ᐃࡀྍ⬟
࡜࡞ࡿ㸬

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䠏䠊䠓㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜸䝸䜺䝭䛻䜘䜛㓝⣲཯ᛂ䛾୍ศᏊほᐹ[1] Miyzaono, Y. et al., Strain through the neck linker ensures processive runs: a DNAkinesin hybrid nanomachine study. EMBO J. 29(1): 93-106 (2010)[2] Derr, N. D. et al. Tug-of-war in motor protein ensembles revealed with aprogrammable DNA origami scaffold. Science 338, 662-665 (2012).
[3] Zhao, Z. et al. Nanocaged enzymes with enhanced catalytic activity and increased
stability against protease digestion. Nature Communication. 7, 10619 (2016).
[4] Zhang, Y., Tsitkov, S., & Hess, H. Proximity does not contribute to activity
enhancement in the glucose oxidase-horseradish peroxidase cascade. Nature
Communication. 7, 13982 (2016).
[5] Masubuchi, T. et al., Construction of integrated gene logic-chip. Nature
Nanotechnology in press.
㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ ከ⏣㝰ᑦྐ㸧㻌䠏䠊䠔㻌 䛂㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ືྥ䛃㻌㻾㻺㻭 䛸䛿㻌
RNA㸦ࣜ࣎᰾㓟㸸ribonucleic acid㸧ࡣ㸪᰾㓟ሷᇶ࠾ࡼࡧ⢾㸪ࣜࣥ㓟ᇶ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ
ࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻࢆ༢఩࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡦࡶ≧࡟㛗ࡃࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ㸪DNA ࡜ⰋࡃఝࡓศᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦⾲㸧
㸬DNA ࡜ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪⢾ࡀࢹ࢜࢟ࢩ࣮ࣜ࣎ࢫ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ 2’఩࡟⾲ '1$ ࡜ 51$ ࡢ㐪࠸㸦ᩥ⊩>@ࡢ⾲  ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡚సᡂ㸧
㸬



➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

Ỉ㓟ᇶࢆᣢࡘ࣮ࣜ࣎ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪࠾ࡼࡧࢳ࣑ࣥࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟࢘ࣛࢩࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࢘ࣛࢩࣝࡣ㸪࢔ࢹࢽࣥ࡟ᑐࡋࢳ࣑ࣥ࡜ྠᵝࡢỈ⣲⤖ྜࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪ሷᇶᑐࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸬DNA ࡀ⏕యෆ࡛㑇ఏ᝟ሗࡢಖ⟶࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪RNA ࡣ DNAࡢ㑇ఏ᝟ሗࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆྜᡂࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧࡟࠾࠸࡚୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ㸪DNA ୖࡢ㑇ఏ᝟ሗࢆࢥࣆ࣮ࡋࡓ mRNA
㸦messenger RNA㸧㸪㑇ఏᬯྕ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ሷᇶ㓄ิ࡜࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆᑐᛂࡉࡏࡿ࢔
ࢲࣉࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ tRNA㸦transfer RNA㸧㸪࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆ㐃⤖ࡉࡏ࡚ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ
ྜᡂࡍࡿ㓝⣲ࡢ୺せᵓᡂせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ rRNA㸦ribosomal RNA㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶ㸪┦⿵ⓗ࡞ሷᇶ㓄ิࢆᣢࡘ mRNA ࢆศゎࡋ࡚ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁Ⓨ⌧㔞ࢆㄪ⠇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡸ㸪RNA 㙐ࢆศゎࡋࡓࡾ㐃⤖ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ㓝⣲άᛶࢆᣢࡘ
ࣜ࣎ࢨ࢖࣒㸦RNA 㓝⣲㸧࡞࡝ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕యෆ࡛ࡢ RNA ࡢከᵝ࡞ാࡁࡸ㸪DNA ࡸࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜ྠᵝࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ⬟ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ㸪RNA ࢆᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚᪂ወ࡞ᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊࢆసࡾฟࡑ࠺࡜࠸࠺ RNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡜࠸࠺ศ㔝ࡀྎ㢌ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ[1-3]㸬ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ㐀యᵓ⠏࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚㸪RNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢືྥࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬㻾㻺㻭 ᅛ᭷䛾ᵓ㐀䝰䝏䞊䝣䛻ᇶ䛵䛟 㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊㻌RNA ᵓ㐀⏕≀Ꮫࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟కࡗ࡚㸪ࣜ࣎ࢨ࢖࣒ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ I ࢖ࣥࢺࣟࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ RNA ศᏊࡸ㸪ࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒ࡸࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࢯࢯ࣮࣒࡜࠸ࡗࡓ RNA̿ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁」ྜయࡲ࡛㸪ኳ↛ࡢ RNA ศᏊࡢ❧యᵓ㐀ࡀḟࠎ࡟Ỵᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪RNA ศᏊࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢࡼ࠺࡟୕ḟඖⓗ࡟」㞧࡟ᢡࡾࡓࡓࡲࢀ㸪㎸ࡳධࡗࡓ❧యᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣ࣡ࢺࢯࣥ̿ࢡࣜࢵࢡᆺࡢሷᇶᑐࡔࡀ㸪RNA ศᏊࡢ❧యᵓ㐀୰࡟ࡣࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶᵝࠎ࡞ᵝᘧࡢሷᇶ̿ሷᇶ㛫┦஫స⏝ࡸሷᇶ̿ࣜ࣎
࣮ࢫ㛫┦஫స⏝࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻ㛫┦஫స⏝ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ[4]㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞
┦஫స⏝ࢆྵࡴ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ㸦A ᆺ㸧஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ≉ᚩⓗ࡞❧యᵓ㐀ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ RNA ศᏊࡢ୰࡟ከᩘぢࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽᵓ㐀ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡜࿧ࡪ㸬௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪GNAR ࢸࢺ࣮ࣛࣝࣉࡸ UNCG ࢸࢺ࣮ࣛࣝࣉ㸪࢟ࣥࢡࢱ࣮ࣥ[5]㸪A-minor ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡸ Ribose
zipper ࡞࡝ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[6]㸬」㞧࡞❧యᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿኳ↛ࡢ RNA ศᏊࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡀ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ㐺ษ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢀࡤ㸪᪂ወ࡞❧యᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘேᕤࡢ RNA ศᏊࢆ䠏䠊䠔㻌 䛂㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ືྥ䛃స〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ 1㻌 RNA ᵓ㐀䝰䝏䞊䝣䜢฼⏝䛧䛶స䜙䜜䛯 RNA 䝘䝜ᵓ㐀య䠄A䠅 ᵝ䚻䛺 RNA ᵓ㐀䝰䝏䞊䝣䛾୕ḟඖᵓ㐀䝰䝕䝹䠊䠄B䠅RNA ᵓ㐀䝰䝏䞊䝣䜢฼⏝䛧䛶స䜙䜜䛯RNA 䝘䝜ᵓ㐀య䠊RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆᵓ㐀ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋ RNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢ౛ࡣ㸪Jaeger ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ tectoRNA ࡛࠶ࡿ[7]㸬ࡑࡇ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ RNAᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡣ㸪RNA 㓝⣲࡛࠶ࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ I ࢖ࣥࢺࣟࣥ୰࡟ぢࡘ࠿ࡗࡓ LR
㸦Loop-receptor㸧ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1A, i㸧㸬4 ࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ࣮ࣝࣉ
୰ࡢሷᇶࡀ㸪ࣞࢭࣉࢱ࣮࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢼ࣮ࣝࣝࣉ୰ࡢሷᇶ࡜┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪஧ᮏࡢ RNA ஧㔜㙐ࢆᖹ⾜࡟⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬Jaeger ࡽࡣ㸪஧㔜㙐୰࡟ࡇࡢ LR ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ஧ࡘ ᤄධࡋ㸪 ஧ศᏊ㛫࡛఍ ྜࡍࡿ RNA
㸦tectoRNA㸧ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 1B, I㸧㸬LR ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ༢⊂࡛ࡢゎ㞳ᐃᩘࡣᩘ 100
nM ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪❧యᵓ㐀ⓗ࡟㐺ษ࡞㓄ྥ࡛ LR ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆᤄධࡋࡓ tectoRNA ศ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

Ꮚ㛫ࡢゎ㞳ᐃᩘࡣᩘ nM ࡜㸪⣙ 100 ಸᙉ࠸⤖ྜぶ࿴ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ[8]㸬ᙼࡽࡣ㸪
H Ꮠᆺࡢ RNA ศᏊ୰࡟ 4 ࡘࡢ LR ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆᑟධࡋ㸪ᖹ㠃ⓗ࡟㐃⥆ࡋ࡚⤖ྜࡉࡏ࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࣟࢺࣝࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ㛗࠸ࡦࡶ≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓࡾ[7,9]㸪௵ពࡢ」ᩘࡢ RNA ศᏊࢆ᮰ࡡ࡚⟄≧ࡢ」ྜయࢆᙧᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ tectoRNA[10]࡞࡝ࡶᵓ
⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
tectoRNA ࡜ྠࡌ㡭㸪180rKL㸦Kissing loop㸧ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᵓ㐀యࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[11,12]㸬ࡇࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡣ㸪ࣄࢺච␿୙඲࢘࢖ࣝࢫࡢࢤࣀ࣒ RNA୰ࡢ஧㔞య໬㛤ጞ㒊఩࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ㸪஧ࡘࡢ஧㔜㙐ࡀᮎ➃ࡢ࣮ࣝࣉ㒊఩ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚
180 ᗘ࡟㐃⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1A, ii㸧㸬࣮ࣝࣉྠኈࡣ㸪6 ࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻࡢ┦⿵ⓗ࡞ሷᇶᑐᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢ࣮ࣝࣉ㒊఩ࡢ㓄ิࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡛㸪⤖ྜ࣌࢔ࢆ⮬ᅾ࡟ኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ཎ⏣ࡽࡣ㸪஧ࡘࡢ 180rKL ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ୍ᮏ㙐࣮࡛ࣜࣥ࢝ࡘ࡞ࡂ㸪࣮ࣝࣉ㒊ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࢆ㐺ษ࡟タィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪RNA ࡢከ㔞యᙧᡂࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆไᚚࡋ㸪⎔≧ࡢ஧㔞యࡸ୕㔞య㸪ᅄ㔞య㸪┤㙐≧ࡢከ㔞యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ᙼࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᵓ㐀యࢆ RNA LEGO ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬tectoRNA ࡶ RNA LEGO ࡶ㸪┠ⓗࡢᵓ㐀యࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࢤࣝ㟁ẼὋື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚」ྜయࡢᙧᡂࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡢࡳ࡛㸪ศᏊࡢᙧ≧ࢆ┤᥋ほᐹࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ཎᏊ㛫ຊ㢧ᚤ㙾㸦AFM: Atomic Force Microscope㸧࡟ࡼࡿ RNA ᵓ㐀యࡢ┤᥋ほᐹࡣ㸪Guo ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓ[13]㸬ᙼࡽࡀ౑⏝ࡋࡓ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡣ㸪ȭ29 ࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢜ࣇ࢓࣮ࢪ⏤᮶ࡢ pRNA ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1A, iii㸧㸬ࡇࡢ pRNA ࡣ㸪ࣇ࢓࣮ࢪࡢ」〇ࡢ㝿࡟ࢤࣀ࣒ DNA ࢆ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻ࡟ワࡵ㎸ࡴࡓࡵࡢࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࣥ
ࢢ⿦⨨ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬pRNA ࡣ௚ศᏊ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟㛵ࢃࡿ஧ࡘࡢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ
ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࣮ࣝࣉ㒊఩ࡢ┦⿵ⓗ࡞㓄ิࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ከ㔞యࢆᙧᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬Guoࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚」ᩘࡢศᏊࢆ఍ྜࡉࡏ㸪஧㔞య
[13,14]ࡸ୕㔞య[13,15]㸪ከᩘࡢ pRNA ࡀ┤㙐≧࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓᵓ㐀య[13]ࢆ㸪ࡲࡓ pRNA ࡀᣢࡘ 3WJ㸦3-way junction㸧ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚୕ཫ≧ᵓ㐀య[16-18]
ࡸᶞ≧࡟ศᒱࡋࡓࢹࣥࢻ࣐࣮ࣜ[19]㸪3WJ ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ㡬Ⅼ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓ୕ゅᙧ[20]ࡸᅄゅᙧ[21]㸪஬ゅᙧᵓ㐀య[22]࡞࡝㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ≧ࡢࡶࡢࢆస〇ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦ᅗ
1B, II-IV㸧㸬ᖹ㠃ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪pRNA ୰ࡢ 3WJ ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ㡬Ⅼ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓṇᅄ㠃య≧ࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀యࡶస〇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[23]㸬pRNA ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ❧యⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀య࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ูࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ Hao ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ౛ࡶ࠶ࡿ
[24]㸬ᙼࡽࡣ pRNA ࡢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫┦஫స⏝ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪୕ゅᙧ࠾ࡼࡧᅄゅᙧ≧ࡢ୕㔞య࠾ࡼࡧᅄ㔞యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࢆ 3WJ 㒊࠿ࡽࡢࡧࡿ஧㔜㙐㒊ศ䠏䠊䠔㻌 䛂㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ືྥ䛃࡛┦⿵ⓗ࡟఍ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪୕ゅᰕࡸᅄゅᰕ≧ࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ึᮇࡢ Guo ࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪pRNA ࢆ࡯ࡰࡑࡢࡲࡲ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪pRNA
ࡢ୕ḟඖⓗ࡞ศᏊࡢ❧యᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓタィ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ࣮ࣝࣉ㒊఩ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิ࡜࠸࠺୍ḟᵓ㐀ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢタィ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ኳ↛ࡢ RNA ศᏊ࠿ࡽᢳฟࡋࡓ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ」ᩘ✀㢮⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓᵓ㐀యࢆ୕ḟඖᵓ㐀࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝタィࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࡢᙧ≧ࢆ┤᥋ほᐹࡋࡓึࡵ࡚ࡢ౛ࡣ㸪Chworos ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ RNA ࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ[25]㸦ᅗ 1B, V㸧㸬ᙼࡽࡣ㸪RNA ஧㔜㙐ࡀ 90ᗘ࡟᭤ࡀࡗࡓࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒ RNA ⏤᮶ࡢ RA㸦right angle㸧ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸦ᅗ 1A, iv㸧
ࢆ㡬Ⅼ࡟㸪180rKL㸦Kissing loop㸧ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆࡑࡢ୧➃࡟ᣢࡘ RNA ศᏊࢆ 1ࡘࡢ༢఩࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ 4 ศᏊ఍ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ṇ᪉ᙧ≧࡟࡞ࡿᵓ㐀యࢆタィ࣭ᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᙧ≧ࢆ AFM ࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ RNA ࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝࡣ㸪RNA
ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚୕ḟඖⓗ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛௵ពࡢᙧ≧ࡢศᏊࢆసࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ࡯࠿㸪㎶ࡢ㛗ࡉࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ᙧ≧ࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡟ᐜ
᫆࡟ࢧ࢖ࢬࢆኚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪ṇ᪉ᙧࢆ⧅ࡂྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛௵ពࡢ஧ḟඖⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᣢࡘ኱ࡁ࡞ࢧ࢖ࢬࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ㐀యࢆసࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡍ࡞࡝㸪ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ RNA ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᗈࡃᥦ♧ࡋࡓ⏬ᮇⓗ࡞◊✲࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬Severcan ࡽࡣ㸪RA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒ RNA ⏤᮶ࡢ 3WJ ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸦ᅗ 1A, v㸧࡜ tRNA ⏤᮶ࡢ tRNA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸦ᅗ 1A, vi㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ RNA ࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝ࡜ྠᵝࡢṇ᪉ᙧ≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋ㸦ᅗ 1B, VI ࠾ࡼࡧ VII㸧㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡶ 90 ᗘࡢᵓ㐀㒊ရ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ[26]㸬
tRNA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡣ㸪3 ᪉࡟ᯞศ࠿ࢀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ከ㠃యࡢ㡬Ⅼ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾ࠺
ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ Severcan ࡽࡣ㸪8 ࡘࡢ tRNA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪ᅄゅᰕ≧ࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ[27]㸬tRNA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ 3 ᮏࡢ஧㔜㙐㛫
ࡢゅᗘࡣ 70 ᗘ㸪90 ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ 120 ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢᅄゅᰕࡣࡡࡌࢀࡓᙧ࡟࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௚࡟㸪90 ᗘ࡟᭤ࡀࡗࡓᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪C ᆺ⫢⅖࢘࢖ࣝࢫࡢ IRES ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ IIa ࣂࣝࢪࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ 1A, vii㸧㸬Dibrov ࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ౑࠸㸪ṇ᪉ᙧ≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ[28] 㸦ᅗ 1B, VIII㸧㸬
Grabow ࡽࡣ㸪࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡀ 120 ᗘࡢゅᗘ࡛⤖ྜࡍࡿ 120rKL ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸦኱⭠⳦ࡢࣉࣛࢫ࣑ࢻ࡟ࢥ࣮ࢻࡉࢀࡓ㌿෗⏘≀࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ RNAI/IIi kissing-loop㸸ᅗ
1A, viii㸧ࢆ౑࠸㸪භゅᙧ≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ[29]㸦ᅗ 1B, IX㸧㸬୧➃࡟࣮ࣝࣉ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࢆᣢࡘ RNA ࡀ 6 ࡘ఍ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡇࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ㡬Ⅼ࡜ࡍࡿභゅᙧࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬RNA ศᏊࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ᰂ㌾ᛶࡢࡓࡵ㸪6 㔞యࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪5 㔞యࡸ 7 㔞యࡶᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡶ࣡ࢺࢯࣥ㸫ࢡࣜࢵࢡᆺࡢ┦⿵ⓗ࡞ሷᇶᑐᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣮ࣝࣉ㒊఩ࡢ㓄ิࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⤖ྜࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⮬ᅾ࡟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡁ㸪ᙧᡂࡍࡿᵓ㐀యࢆ 6 㔞యࡢࡳ࡟ࡍࡿ㸪࠶
ࡿ࠸ࡣ 5 㔞యࡢࡳ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᣲࡆ࡚ࡁࡓ RNA ᵓ㐀యࡣ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ▷࠸ RNA ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ༢఩ࡀ」ᩘ
⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡋ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪Cody ࡽࡣ㸪600 nt ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㛗㙐ࡢ RNA ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࢱ࢖ࣝᵓ㐀ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ[30]㸬ᙼࡽࡣࡑࢀࢆ ssRNA㸦Single-stranded RNA㸧࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ㸪୍ぢ㸪஧㔜㙐ࢆᖹ⾜࡟୪࡭ࡓ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟እᙧⓗ࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ᪉ἲㄽ࡛స〇ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᙼࡽࡣ㸪ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࢆ౑ࢃࡎ࡟㸪㛗࠸୍ᮏࡢ RNA 㙐ࡢࡳࢆᢡࡾࡓࡓࢇ࡛㸪ࡇࡢ RNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࢆస〇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᙼࡽࡣᖹ⾜࡟୪ࢇࡔ஧㔜㙐ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ͆dovetail seam͇࡜࿧ࡪศᒱ࡜࣮ࣝࣉࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ㐺ษ࡟㓄⨨ࡋ㸪RNA 㙐ࡀ⤖ࡧ┠ࢆసࡗࡓࡾ஺
ᕪࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞஧ḟᵓ㐀ࢆタィࡋࡓ㸬࣮ࣝࣉࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢ୍㒊࡟ࡣ 180r
KL ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᒁᡤⓗ࡞ศᏊෆᢡࡾࡓࡓࡳᵓ㐀㛫ࡀ㐃⤖ࡉࢀ㸪1 ᯛࡢྎᙧ≧ࡸᖹ⾜ᅄ㎶ᙧ≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞タィࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛㸪600 nt ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㛗ࡉ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪⇕ኚᛶࡸ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢ࡜࠸ࡗ
ࡓ᧯సࡣᚲせ࡜ࡏࡎ࡟㸪ヨ㦂⟶ෆ࡛㌿෗ࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽタィ㏻ࡾࡢࢱ࢖ࣝᵓ㐀࡬࡜ᢡࡾࡓࡓࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢱ࢖ࣝࡢタィἲࡸࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢹ࢕
ࣥࢢᵝᘧࡣ㸪௒ᚋ⣽⬊ෆ࡛ࡢ RNA ᵓ㐀యࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ⾜࠺㝿࡟㸪኱࠸࡟ཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬
ኳ↛ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶ RNA ศᏊࡣ㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜」ྜయ㸦RNP 」ྜయ㸸RNA-protein complex㸧ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ᵓ㐀ࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬」ྜయࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡣ RNA ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ㓄ิࡸ❧యᵓ㐀ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚⤖ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ RNA ࡜ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ≉␗ⓗ࡟┦஫స⏝ࡍࡿ㒊఩ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ୍࡚ࡘࡢᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸦RNP ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸧࡜ぢ࡞ࡋ㸪RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪RNP ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡶࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ
㐀యᵓ⠏࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓ㸬RNP ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ౑࠼ࡤ㸪RNA ࡢࡳ࡛ࡣసࢀ࡞࠸」㞧࡞ᵓ㐀యࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢ╔᝿ࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪➹⪅ࡽࡣ box C/D-L7 ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢᵓ⠏ࢆヨࡳࡓ[31]㸦ᅗ
2A㸧㸬RNA ஧㔜㙐ࡀ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢼ࣮ࣝࣝࣉ㒊ศ࡛ᢡࢀ᭤ࡀࡗࡓ kink-turn ࣔࢳ࣮䠏䠊䠔㻌 䛂㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ືྥ䛃

ࣇ[5]ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ box C/D RNA ࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ
୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ」ྜయࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇࡢ RNP ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ୰࡛ࡣ㸪
L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⤖ྜ࡟ࡼࡾ RNA ࡢᒅ᭤ゅᗘࡀ⣙ 60 ᗘ࡟ᅛᐃࡉࢀࡿ[32]㸦ᅗ
2A ᕥ㸧㸬ࡇࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞❧యᵓ㐀ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪➹⪅ࡽࡣṇ୕ゅᙧ≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆタィࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 2A ྑ㸧㸬ࡇࡢ」ྜయࢆ AFM ࡛ほᐹࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ
↓࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ୙ᐃᙧࡢ⢏Ꮚࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁Ꮡᅾୗ࡛ࡣṇ
୕ゅᙧ≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬3 ࡘࡢ L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ୍ࡘࡎࡘ⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪RNA ࡢᙧ≧ࡀ෇≧࠿ࡽṇ୕ゅᙧୖ࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㧗㏿ AFM ࡟ࡼࡿࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡼࡾ᫂░࡟☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ[33]㸬
➹⪅ࡽࡣࡲࡓ㸪ูࡢ RNP ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡛࠶ࡿ rRNA-L1 ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ౑ࡗࡓᵓ㐀యࡶస〇ࡋࡓ[34]㸦ᅗ 2B㸧㸬ࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒୰ࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ L1 ࡜ࡑࡢ⤖ྜ RNAࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࡇࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪L1 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜ࡢ⤖ྜ࡟ࡼࡾRNA ࡢᒅ᭤ゅᗘࡀᅛᐃࡉࢀࡿ[35]㸬ࡑࡢゅᗘࡣ⣙ 90 ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ㡬Ⅼ㒊ศ࡟౑⏝ࡋ࡚ṇ᪉ᙧ≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ኳ↛࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡸ RNP ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ฼
⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ≧ࡢ RNA ᵓ㐀యࢆᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ኳ↛ࡢ RNA ศᏊࡸ RNP 」ྜయ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ேᕤⓗ࡞ศᏊࡢᵓ⠏࡟࠾࠸࡚ᮍࡔ౑
⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ከࡃࡢᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡽࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼ
ࡾ」㞧࡞ᙧ≧ࢆᣢࡘከᵝ࡞ศᏊࢆస〇࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬㻰㻺㻭 䛸ྠᵝ䛾᪉ἲㄽ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟 㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊㻌RNA ࡶ㸪DNA ࡜ྠᵝ࡟࣡ࢺࢯࣥ̿ࢡࣜࢵࢡᆺࡢሷᇶᑐࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪┦⿵ⓗ࡞ሷᇶ㓄ิࢆᣢࡘ RNA 㙐ྠኈࡣ఍ྜࡋ࡚Ᏻᐃ࡞஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࣡ࢺࢯࣥ̿ࢡࣜࢵࢡᆺࡢሷᇶᑐ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ
᪉ἲㄽࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ RNA ࡟ࡶࡑࡢࡲࡲ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪DNA ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇ࡜ RNA ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡢ❧యᵓ㐀࡟ࡣ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3A㸧㸬DNA ࡣ㏻ᖖ㸪10.5 ሷᇶᑐࢆ 1 ࿘ᮇ࡜ࡍࡿ B ᆺ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ 3A ᕥ㸧㸬୍᪉㸪RNA ࡀᙧᡂࡍࡿ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡣ A ᆺ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
11 ሷᇶᑐࢆ 1 ࿘ᮇ࡜ࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ 3A ྑ㸧㸬RNA ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕యศᏊࡣ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ᰂ㌾ᛶࢆල࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢࢬࣞࡣチᐜࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡼࡾ⢭ᐦ࡞ᵓ㐀యసࡾࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪DNA ࡜ࡢ❧యᵓ㐀ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪㐃⥆ࡍࡿ஧㔜㙐ࡢ㛗ࡉࡸࢪࣕࣥࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ఩⨨࡞࡝ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮



ᅗ 2㻌 RNP 䝰䝏䞊䝣䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝘䝜ᵓ㐀య
䠄A䠅 Box C/D-L7 䝰䝏䞊䝣䜢฼⏝䛧䛯୕ゅᙧᵓ㐀య䠊䠄B䠅rRNA-L1 䝰䝏䞊䝣䜢฼⏝䛧䛯ᅄゅᙧᵓ㐀య䠊DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡜ྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚స〇ࡉࢀࡓ᭱ึࡢ RNAࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡣ㸪Afonin ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ❧᪉య≧ࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀య࡛࠶ࡿ[36]㸬
DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮㯪᫂ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Seeman ࡢ୍㐃ࡢከ㠃య≧࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ
࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀య[37]㸦ᅗ 3B-i㸧ࡸ Turberfield ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡼࡿṇᅄ㠃య≧ࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀య[38]㸦ᅗ 3B-ii㸧࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪」ᩘࡢ RNA 㙐ࢆࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖
ࢬࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪❧᪉యࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ 3B-iii㸧㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪1 ㎶ࡢ㛗ࡉࡣ 10ሷᇶᑐ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⣙ 13 nm ࡢ⢏ᚄࡢ❧᪉యࡀసࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Hoiberg ࡽࡶྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ 1 ㎶ࡀ 12 nm ࡢṇඵ㠃య≧ࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
[39]㸬ᖹ㠃ⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀య࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Bui ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿከゅᙧࡢస〇ࡶྠᵝࡢసࡾ᪉࡜ࡳ࡞ࡏࡿ[40]㸦ᅗ 3B-iv㸧㸬ᙼࡽࡣ㸪ከゅᙧࡢྛ㎶ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ஧㔜㙐ࢆ”UUUU”
ࡢ 4 ࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻ࡛ࡘ࡞ࡄࡇ࡜࡛㸪RNA 㙐ࢆຠ⋡Ⰻࡃࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡉࡏ㸪
1 ㎶ࡀ 22 ሷᇶᑐ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ୕ゅᙧ㸪ᅄゅᙧ㸪஬ゅᙧ࠾ࡼࡧභゅᙧࡲ࡛ࡢከゅᙧࢆస〇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬䠏䠊䠔㻌 䛂㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ືྥ䛃ᅗ 3㻌 DNA 䝘䝜䝔䜽䛾᪉ἲㄽ䛻䜘䜛 RNA 䝘䝜䝔䜽
䠄A䠅 DNA 䛸 RNA 䛿␗䛺䜛஧㔜䜙䛫䜣ᵓ㐀䜢♧䛩䠊䠄B䠅DNA 䝘䝜䝔䜽䠄ᕥ䠅䛸䛭䛾 RNA 䜈䛾ᛂ⏝䠄ྑ䠅䠊

1 ᮏࡢ㛗࠸ DNA 㙐࡟ከᩘࡢ▷࠸ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐ࢆࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢬࡉࡏ࡚௵ព
ࡢᙧ≧ࢆసࡽࡏࡿ㸪Rothemund ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞[41]㸦ᅗ 3Bv㸧ࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆ RNA ࡟㐺⏝ࡋࡓ౛ࡣ㸪㐲⸨ࡽ࠾ࡼࡧ Wang ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ[42,43]㸬୧᪉ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡶ㸪㛗㙐࡟ RNA㸦ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪717 nt ࠾ࡼࡧ
1,071 nt㸧ࢆ㸪ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐࡟ࡣ DNA ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪㛗᪉ᙧ≧ࡢࢱ࢖ࣝ࡜ࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ[42]㸦ᅗ 3B-vi㸧
㸪ࣜ࣎ࣥ࡜㛗᪉ᙧ㸪୕ゅᙧ≧ࡢࢱ࢖ࣝࢆస〇ࡋࡓ[43]㸦ᅗ 3B-vii㸧㸬㐲⸨ࡽࡣᚋ࡟㸪ࢫࢸ࣮ࣉࣝ㙐࡟ࡶ RNA ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ㛗᪉ᙧ≧ࡢࢱ࢖ࣝ࠾ࡼࡧࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࢆస〇ࡋ㸪DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ࡢ᏶඲࡞ RNA ໬࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ[44]㸬Yu ࡽࡣ㸪ᖹ㠃≧ DNA ࢱ࢖ࣝ[45]ࡢస〇࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ T-ࢪࣕࣥࢡࢩ
ࣙࣥࢆ୕ḟඖⓗ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸪8 ಶࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ࠿ࡽᡂࡿ㸪ᅄゅᰕ≧ࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖ
ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ[46]㸬Stewart ࡽࡣ㸪DX (Double crossover) ࢱ࢖ࣝ[47]➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

㸦ᅗ 3B-viii㸧ࢆ RNA ࡟㐺⏝ࡋ㸪RNA ࢱ࢖ࣝࢆస〇ࡋࡓ[48]㸦ᅗ 3B-ix㸧㸬Stewartࡽࡣᚋ࡟㸪ࡑࡢࢱ࢖ࣝࢆᮎ➃㒊ศ࡛௚ࡢࢱ࢖ࣝ࡜㐃⤖ࡉࡏ㸪ࣜ࣎ࣥࢆࡡࡌࡗࡓ
ࡼ࠺࡞ᕧ኱࡞⟶≧ᵓ㐀యࡶస〇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[49]㸬Han ࡽࡣ᭱㏆㸪㛗㙐ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐
DNA ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ᢏ⾡ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ[50]㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪DNA ஧㔜㙐㛫ࡢศᒱ࣭㐃⤖࡟ PX ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ㸦parallel crossover ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ paranemic
crossover[51,52]࡜ࡶ㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㛗㙐 DNA ୰࡟⤖ࡧ┠ࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡎ࡟௵ពࡢᙧ≧࡬࡜ᢡࡾ␚ࡲࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3B-x㸧㸬ᙼࡽࡣࡲࡓྠ
ㄽᩥ୰࡛㸪ࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ RNA ࡟ࡶ㐺⏝ࡋ㸪6,000 nt ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ 1 ᮏ㙐 RNA ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࡦࡋᙧ≧ࡢࢱ࢖ࣝࡶస〇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3B-xi㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ RNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యసࡾࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪DNA bricks[53]ࡸ୍ᮏ㙐࠿ࡽᡂࡿከ㠃య࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀[54]࡞࡝㸪RNA ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡶከ࠸㸬He ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿከ㠃య࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀య[55]ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪୍㒊ࡢ㙐ࢆ RNA ࡟ኚ࠼
DNA/RNA ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢵࢻ࡟ࡍࡿ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ[56]㸬ࡑࢀࡽࡢᵓ
⠏ཎ⌮࣭᪉ἲㄽࡶᐜ᫆࡟ RNA ࡟ࡶ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡸ▱ぢࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛㸪RNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢྍ
⬟ᛶࡣࡉࡽ࡟ᗈࡀࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬䛭䛾௚䛾 㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊㻌 ࡇࡇࡲ࡛⤂௓ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡣ㸪ᵓ⠏ࡍ࡭ࡁศᏊࡢᙧ≧ࡀ୕ḟඖⓗ࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡓᙧ≧࡜ࡋ࡚タィࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡࡛ࡢ͆ᙧࡢタィ͇ࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪RNA ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᚤどⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀యࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
Lee ࡽࡣ㸪⎔≧໬ࡋࡓ DNA ࢆ㗪ᆺ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ࣊࢔ࣆࣥᵓ㐀ࡀ㐃⥆ࡍࡿ㛗㙐 RNA ࢆヨ㦂⟶ෆ㌿෗཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾྜᡂࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ RNA ࡣ㸪⁐ᾮ୰࡛⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟จ㞟ࡋ࡚⧄⥔≧ࡢᵓ㐀࡬㸪⧄⥔≧ࡢࡶࡢࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ࢩ࣮ࢺ≧࡟㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࢩ࣮ࢺࡀᢡࡾࡓࡓࡲࡾ࡞ࡀࡽจ㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ぁ࡟ᐩࢇࡔ⌫≧ᵓ㐀యࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓ㸬ᙼࡽࡣ㸪┤ᚄᩘȣm ࡢࡇࡢᵓ㐀యࢆ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ࡜
࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ[57]㸬Lee ࡽࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣࡲࡓ㸪ྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲ࡛స〇ࡋࡓ RNA ࢆ 37Υ࡛஝⇱ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᩘ mm ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆᣢࡘ⭷≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ
ࡾ[58]㸪ࡑࡢ⭷ࢆ㉸㡢Ἴฎ⌮ࡋ࡚ 1 ࣐࢖ࢡ࣓࣮ࣟࢺࣝ௨ୗࡢࢼࣀࢩ࣮ࢺࢆసࡿ
࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ[59]㸬
 Huang ࡽࡣ㸪RNA ࠿ࡽࣁ࢖ࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆసࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[60]㸬ᙼࡽࡣᙜึ㸪≉ᐃࡢศᏊ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ RNA ࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣃ࣮࢟ࣥࢯࣥ

䠏䠊䠔㻌 䛂㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ືྥ䛃⑓ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄆ▱⑕ࡢ἞⒪ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ AMPA ཷᐜయࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࢆヨ㦂⟶ෆ㐍໬ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྲྀᚓࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࡑࡢ࢔ࣉࢱ
࣐࣮ࡀࢤࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆⓎぢࡋࡓ㸬࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࡢヲ⣽࡞⏕໬Ꮫⓗゎᯒ࡞࡝ࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ศᏊ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢤࣝ
໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㔜せ࡞㓄ิࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ḟࡣ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢤࣝ≧ᵓ㐀యࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬┿᰾⏕≀ࡢ⣽⬊ෆ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢢࣛࢽ࣮ࣗࣝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸪⭷࡛௙ษࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ RNA ࡜ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀจ㞟ࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢫࢺࣞࢫ㢛⢏ࡸ P-࣎ࢹ࢕࡞࡝ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ࢢࣛࢽ࣮ࣗࣝࡣ㸪mRNA ࡢ㍺㏦ࡸ㈓ⶶ࡟㛵ࢃࡾ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢆไᚚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
Nakamura ࡽࡣ㸪ࢤࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡢ࠶ࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㛫⤖ྜࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆᣢࡘ
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟㸪࣏ࣜ࢔ࢹࢽࣥ RNA ⤖ྜࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆࢱࣥࢹ࣒࡟ 3 ࡘᑟධࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ့ங㢮⣽⬊୰࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪RNA ࡜ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࠿ࡽ
࡞ࡿேᕤ RNA ࢢࣛࢽ࣮ࣗࣝࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ[61]㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ኳ↛ࡢRNA ࢢࣛࢽ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡸᵓ⠏ཎ⌮㸪⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࡢ⌮ゎ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪᪂ࡓ࡞㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ไᚚࢶ࣮ࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢࣄࣥࢺ
ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬௚࡟㸪⎔≧ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 RNA ࡛సࡽࢀࡓ㸪୕ⴥ⤖ࡧ┠ࡸ㸪⎔≧ DNA ࡜⎔≧ RNAࡀ⤡ࡳྜࡗࡓ࣑࣎ࣟ࢔ࣥࣜࣥࢢ㸦୕㍯㐪㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ࢺ࣏ࣟࢪ࣮ⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀యࡀ
Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[62]㸬
㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜ᵓ㐀య䛾ᛂ⏝㻌 ࡇࡇࡲ࡛㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓᵝࠎ࡞ RNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢᛂ⏝࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊࢆಖ
ᣢࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ฼⏝ࡀ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᭱ࡶⰋࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ㸪ᶆⓗ㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧ࢆᢚไࡍࡿ RNAi㸦RNA
interference㸧ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡓࡵࡢ㸪ᶆⓗ mRNA ࡢ㓄ิ࡟┦⿵ⓗ࡞ 20 ᩘ nt ࡢ siRNAࡢᑟධ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢼࣀᵓ㐀య࡜ siRNA ࢆ⼥ྜࡍࡿࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞᪉ἲࡣ㸪3WJ ࡸᵓ㐀యᮎ➃ࡢ஧㔜㙐㒊ศࢆᘏ㛗ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ siRNA ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ㓄ิࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᑟධࡉࢀࡓ siRNA ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㒊ศࡣ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ Dicer
࡜࠸࠺ RNA ࣉࣟࢭࢩࣥࢢ㓝⣲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ษࡾฟࡉࢀ㸪siRNA ࡜ࡋ࡚స⏝ࡍࡿ㸬ୖ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ DX ࢱ࢖ࣝࡸ[48]㸪ከゅᙧ[40]㸪pRNA ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᵓ㐀య[1416,18,21]࡞࡝ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ siRNA ࢆᑟධ࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣄࢺ⣽⬊୰࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
࣐࢘ࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᶆⓗ㑇ఏᏊࡢᢚไຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞஧㔜㙐ᮎ➃ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ᵓ㐀యࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀యࡢ஧㔜㙐ୖ࡟ࢽࢵࢡ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢪࣕࣥࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ siRNA 㓄ิࢆ㐃⤖ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
120rKL භゅᙧ[29,36]ࡸ㸪❧᪉య࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ[36]㸪㛗⏣ࡽࡢ RNP ୕ゅᙧ[33]࡞࡝ࡀࡇࢀ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㸬
Hoiberg ࡽࡣ㸪ඵ㠃య≧ࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᵓ㐀యࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㎶ࢆ siRNA ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[39]㸬ᙼࡽࡣ㸪ඵ㠃యࡢ㎶㒊ศ࡟㸪Dicer ࡟ࡼࡿㄆ㆑࡟ᚲせ࡞
2 nt ࡢ 3’✺ฟᮎ➃ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪Dicer ࡟ࡼࡿ㎶㒊ศࡢษࡾฟࡋࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ in vitro ࡛☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟ࡇࡢඵ㠃య≧ࡢᵓ㐀యࢆࣄࢺᇵ㣴⣽⬊࡟ᑟධࡍࡿ࡜㸪㏻ᖖࡢ siRNA ࡜ྠ⛬ᗘ࡟ᶆⓗ㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧ࢆᢚไࡍࡿຠᯝ
ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬௨ୖࡣ㸪Dicer ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ㐀యୖࡢ஧㔜㙐 RNA ࡀษࡾฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ
࡜࡛ siRNA ࡀ⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶ㸪㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ siRNA ࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡿᶵᵓ࡞࡝ࡶసࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[63] ≉ᐃࡢศᏊ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ RNA ศᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࡶ㸪ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢᮎ➃࠶
ࡿ࠸ࡣ㏵୰࡟ᤄධࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛⡆༢࡟ᑟධ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ⰽ⣲ศᏊ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⺯ගࢆⓎࡍࡿ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࡀ❧᪉య[36]ࡸ 120rKL භゅᙧ[64]㸪pRNA ᵓ㐀య[20,21]㸪RNP ᅄゅᙧ[34]࡞࡝࡟ᑟධࡉࢀ㸪⺯ග࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ฟࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉ᐃࡢཷᐜయ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⤖ྜ⬟ࢆᣢࡘ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮ࡶ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢཷ
ᐜయࢆⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᶆⓗ⣽⬊࡟㑅ᢥⓗ࡞ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࡶヨࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[18,64]㸬௚࡟ࡶ㸪࠶ࡿ✀ࡢஙࡀࢇ⣽⬊≉␗ⓗ࡞⣽⬊⾲㠃ᢠཎ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ[33]ࡸ㸪ࡀࢇ⣽⬊≉␗ⓗ࡞ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࡢࡓࡵࡢⴥ㓟[16]㸪ච␿άᛶ໬
ࡢࡓࡵࡢ CpG ࢜ࣜࢦ DNA[22]㸪RNA 㓝⣲࡛࠶ࡿࣜ࣎ࢨ࢖࣒ [16,20,21]࡞࡝ࡀ
ᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡇࡇ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᵝࠎ࡞ศᏊࡢᶵ⬟ࢆྜࢃࡏᣢࡗࡓ」ྜయࢆᐜ᫆࡟స〇࡛ࡁࡿ[21,64]㸬୍⯡࡟ RNA ࡣ⏕యෆ࡛ࡣ୙Ᏻᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ୖ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀యࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡛㸪⇕Ᏻᐃᛶ[20]ࡸศゎ㓝⣲࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪏ᛶ[33,34]ࡀྥୖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᵓ㐀యࡢᙧ≧ࡸࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕యෆ࡛ࡢືែࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
[65,66]࡞࡝ࡶ฼⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ዲࡲࡋ࠸⸆≀ືែࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ♧ࡍຠᯝⓗ࡞ࢻࣛࢵࢢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜ᵓ㐀య䛾௒ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟㻌ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ≧ࡢ RNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡀస〇ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ
࡝ࡣࢧ࢖ࢬࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪ኳ↛ࡢ RNA ศᏊ࡟ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟༢⣧࡞ᙧ≧ࡢࡶࡢࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬௒ᚋ RNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᗈࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪స〇䠏䠊䠔㻌 䛂㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ືྥ䛃࡛ࡁࡿศᏊࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡸᙧ≧ࡢࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࢆᗈࡆࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟
ࡣ㸪DNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ㸪ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᵓ㐀యࢆస〇࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ᑠࡉ࡞ࢧ࢖ࢬࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚」㞧࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆస〇࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㸪㒊ရ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ྍ⬟࡞ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢ✀㢮ࢆቑࡸࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
RNA ᵓ㐀యࡢᶵ⬟ᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪RNA ௨እࡢᮦᩱ࡜ࡢࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢵ
ࢻ໬ࡶ㐍ࡵࡓ࠸㸬RNA ᵓ㐀యࡣ㸪┤㙐≧ࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 RNA ࡟ẚ࡭ࢀࡤᏳᐃᛶࡣ㧗࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪⏕యෆ࡛ࡢࢻࣛࢵࢢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ฼⏝ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜୙༑ศ࡞ࡇ࡜
ࡶከ࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⣽⬊✀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ RNA ࡢᑟධ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪እ᮶᰾㓟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㜵ᚚᶵᵓ࡛࠶ࡿච␿ᛂ⟅ࡀចࡁ㉳ࡉࢀ㸪ᙉ࠸⣽⬊ẘᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ
ࡣ㸪DNA ࡜ࡢࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢵࢻ໬ࡸ RNA ࡢ໬Ꮫಟ㣭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[40,63,67,68]㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡣ᰾㓟࡟ẚ࡭ࡣࡿ࠿࡟ከᙬ࡞
ᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬RNP ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ฼⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪RNA ࡜ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ┤᥋⤖ࡧ௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ[31,33,69]㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ RNA ᵓ㐀య࡟ᐜ᫆࡟ᑟධ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬Omabegho ࡽࡣ Kt-L7 ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪࢔ࢡࢳࣥ㸫࣑࢜ࢩࣥ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁⣔࡜㙐஺᥮࡟ࡼࡿ஧ḟᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࢆ⾜࠺ RNA-DNA ⣔ࢆ⤫ྜࡋ㸪2 ࡘࡢ⊂❧ࡋࡓືస⣔ࢆᣢࡘศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢆస〇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[70]㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪௚ࡢ⏕యศᏊ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪RNA ࡢࡳ࡛ࡣᐇ⌧ࡀᅔ㞴࡞ᶵ⬟ࡶᣢࡓࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⏕యศᏊࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ๰〇࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪ࡲࡓ㸪⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ไᚚ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ࣭་Ꮫศ㔝࡛ࡢᛂ⏝ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢㅖㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋ㸪ከᵝ࡞ࢧ࢖ࢬ࣭ᙧ≧ࡢศᏊࢆ⮬ᅾ࡟タィ࣭ᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬[1] Guo P, The emerging field of RNA nanotechnology, Nat Nanotechnol, 5, 12, pp.

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䠏䠊䠔㻌 䛂㻾㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ືྥ䛃


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2, 12, pp. 1050-1055, 2010.
[57] Lee JB, et al., Self-assembled RNA interference microsponges for efficient siRNAdelivery, Nat Mater, 11, 4, pp. 316-322, 2012.
[58] Han D, et al., Self-assembly of free-standing RNA membranes, Nat Commun, 5,4367, 2014.
[59] Kim H, Lee JS, Lee JB, Generation of siRNA nanosheets for efficient RNAinterference, Sci Rep, 6, 25146, 2016.
[60] Huang Z, et al., An RNA aptamer capable of forming a hydrogel by self-assembly,
Biomacromolecules, 18, 7, pp. 2056-2063, 2017.
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granules by multivalent molecular interactions, Nat Mater, 17, 1, pp. 79-89, 2018.
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5662-5671, 2014.
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

biodistribution, Mol Ther, 26, 3, pp. 784-792, 2018.
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㸦ி㒔኱Ꮫ ኱㔝༤ஂ㸪㰺⸨༤ⱥ㸧
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䠏䠊䠕㻌 䝨䝥䝏䝗䞉䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁タィᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ䠏䠊䠕㻌 䝨䝥䝏䝗䞉䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁タィᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ㻌ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ๰〇ࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪⏕యศᏊࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࢆ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟⤌ࡳୖࡆࡿᡭἲࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ DNA
ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆ⮬⏤⮬ᅾ࡟タィ࣭ᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࣭ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࢆྜ⌮ⓗ࡟タィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࣭ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࢼࣀᵓ㐀ᵓ⠏ࡶ┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ[1]㸬ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢタィᢏ⾡ࡢືྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫㄝࡍࡿ㸬ከࡃࡢሙྜ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡣ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࣜ࢞
ࣥࢻ㛫┦஫స⏝㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁┦஫స⏝ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛
ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᯘࡽࡣ࣒࣊ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⿵ᅉᏊ࣒࣊࡜࣒࣏࣊ࢣࢵࢺ
㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪Cyt b562 ࡞࡝ࡢ࣒࣊ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ୍ḟඖ࠾ࡼࡧ஧ḟඖ㞟ྜయࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1A㸧[2]㸬Wagner ࡽࡣ㸪ேᕤⓗ࡟஧㔞໬ࡉࡏࡓࢪᅗ 㻝㻚㻌 䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ䛻䜘䜛䝘䝜ᵓ㐀య䛾ᵓ⠏䛾౛䠊䠄㻾㼑㼜㼞㼕㼚㼠㼑㼐㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻯㼔㼑㼙㻚㻌㻯㼛㼙㼙㼡㼚㻚㻌㻞㻜㻝㻞㻌㼇㻞㼉㻘㻌㻶㻚㻌㻭㼙㻚㻌㻯㼔㼑㼙㻚㻌㻿㼛㼏㻚㻌㻞㻜㻜㻢㻌㼇㻟㼉㻘㻌㻶㻚㻌㻭㼙㻚㻌㻯㼔㼑㼙㻚㻌㻿㼛㼏㻚㻌㻞㻜㻝㻟㻌㼇㻠㼉䠅㻌➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࣄࢻࣟⴥ㓟㑏ඖ㓝⣲࡜ࡑࡢ㜼ᐖ๣(MTX)ࡢ஧㔞యࢆ┦஫స⏝ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪┤
ᚄ 8-20 nm ࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢼࣀࣜࣥࢢࢆ๰〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1B㸧
[3]㸬┦⏣ࡽࡣ㸪ศᏊࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ⟄≧ࡢ 14 㔞యࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ GroEL
࡟ࢫࣆࣟࣆࣛࣥ/࣓ࣟࢩ࢔ࢽࣥࢆᑟධࡋ㸪ග␗ᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡾࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ≧ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㞟ྜయࡢᙧᡂ࣭ゎ㞳ࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 1C㸧[4]㸬࣓ࣟࢩ࢔ࢽࣥ
ࡢ㓟⣲࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥ࡜ Mg࢖࢜ࣥࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡾࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ≧㞟ྜయࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ
ࡿࡀ㸪ග␗ᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡾ㟁Ⲵࡢ↓࠸ࢫࣆࣟࣆࣛࣥ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜࡛㸪㞟ྜయࡀゎ㞳ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢼࣀࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ࡟ࡣ㸪⥳Ⰽ⺯ගࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ GFP ࡀෆໟ࡛ࡁ㸪ග␗ᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡾ GFP ࢆᨺฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬஧㔞య࠾ࡼࡧ୕㔞యࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢧࣈࣘࢽࢵࢺࢆ㐃⤖ࡋࡓ⼥ྜࢱ
ࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪୕ᅇᑐ⛠㍈ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬Yeates ࡽࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࣇ࢚ࣝࣥࢨ࢘࢖ࣝࢫࡢ஧㔞య M1 ࣐ࢺࣜࢵᅗ 㻞㻚㻌  ᑐ⛠ᛶ䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁䛾⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ䛻䜘䜛䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁䝘䝜䜹䝥䝉䝹䛾ᵓ⠏䛾౛䠊㻌䠏䠊䠕㻌 䝨䝥䝏䝗䞉䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁タィᢏ⾡䛾ືྥࢡ ࢫ ࢱ ࣥ ࣃࢡ ㉁ ࡜୕ 㔞 య ࣈ ࣟࣔ ࣌ ࣝ࢜ ࢟ ࢩ ࢲ ࣮ࢮ ࢆ 㐃⤖ ࡋ ࡓ ⼥ ྜࢱ ࣥ ࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ๰〇ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ ࡀ ⮬ ᕫ 㞟ྜ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⣙ 15 nm ࡢᅄ 㠃 య ᵓ 㐀ࢆ ᵓ ⠏ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ᡂ ຌ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 2A㸧[5,6]㸬᭱㏆ Baker ࡽࡣ㸪ே ᕤ タ ィ ࡋࡓ ୕ 㔞య ࢱ ࣥ ࣃ ࢡ㉁ ࡢ ⮬ᕫ 㞟 ྜ ࡟ ࡼࡾ ┤ ᚄᅗ 㻟㻚㻌 䝨䝥䝏䝗⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ䛻䜘䜛䝘䝜䝏䝳䞊䝤䛾ᵓ⠏䛾౛㻌

25 nm ࡢṇ 20 㠃యᑐ⛠ᛶࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ
㸦ᅗ 2B㸧[7]㸬
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪5 㔞యࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜ 3 㔞యࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ࡟ࡼࡾ 120 ಶࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿṇ 20 㠃యᑐ⛠ᛶࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡶᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 2C㸧[8]㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᵓ㐀ࡣ㸪⌫≧࢘࢖ࣝࢫ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻࡢ㞟ྜཎ⌮࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪኱ኚ⯆࿡῝࠸ᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ㒊ศᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢆྜ⌮ⓗ࡟タィࡋ㸪ࢼࣀᵓ㐀ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬1990 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ㸪Ghadiri ࡽࡢ⎔≧࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡢ
Ỉ⣲⤖ྜ࡟ࡼࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࡢ๰〇ࡢ◊✲ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3A㸧
[9]㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Gazit ࡽࡢࢪ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ Phe-Phe ࡀỈ⁐ᾮ୰࡛⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡋ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀ
ࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࡶ᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3B㸧[10]㸬᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㸪D-࡬ࣜࢵࢡࢫᅗ 㻠㻚㻌 䝁䜲䝹䝗䝁䜲䝹㻔㻭㻕䛚䜘䜃䃑㻙䝅䞊䝖ᙧᡂ䝨䝥䝏䝗㻔㻮㻕䛾タィ౛䠊㻌ᅗ 㻡㻚㻌 䝁䜲䝹䝗䝁䜲䝹ᙧᡂ䛻䜘䜛䝨䝥䝏䝗ᢡ䜚⣬䠊㻌➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࡢࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝᵓ㐀ࡸE-ࢩ࣮ࢺᵓ㐀࡞࡝ࡢ஧ḟᵓ㐀ࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ከᵝࢼࣀᵓ㐀ᙧᡂࡶྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝᵓ㐀ࡣ㸪D-࡬ࣜࢵࢡࢫ
ࡢ࣍࢖࣮ࣝᅗ࡛␯Ỉᛶ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࡸ㟼㟁┦஫స⏝ࡍࡿ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆ㐺ษ࡟㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ศᏊタィ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ 4A㸧
㸬ࡲࡓ㸪E-ࢩ࣮ࢺᵓ㐀ࡣ㸪ぶỈᛶ࡜␯Ỉᛶࡢ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆ஺஫࡟㓄⨨ࡋ㸪㟼㟁┦஫స⏝ࡍࡿ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆ㐺ษ࡟㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛
タィ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ 4B㸧㸬Jerala ࡽࡣ㸪஧㔞యࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ
ࢆ 12 ᮏ㐃⤖ࡋࡓ࣏ࣜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢆྜᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡀศᏊෆ࡛ᢡࡾ␚ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪୍㎶ࡀ⣙ 7 nm ࡢṇᅄ㠃యᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 5㸧[11]㸬ᙼࡽࡣࡇࡢᡓ␎ࢆࠕ࣌
ࣉࢳࢻᢡࡾ⣬ࠖ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬E-ࢩ࣮ࢺࡸࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡍࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢆ୕ཫ㊰≧࡟㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣ 2005 ᖺ࡟㸪୕ཫ㊰≧࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ࡟ࡼࡾ࢘࢖ࣝࢫᵝࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࡢ๰〇࡟ୡ⏺࡛ึࡵ࡚ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 6A㸧[12]㸬୕ཫ㊰≧ࡢ㏫ᖹ⾜E-ࢩ࣮ࢺ࣌ࣉ
ࢳࢻࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺ Trigonal-(FKFE)2 ࢆྜᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡀỈ୰࡛⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ┤ᚄ 20 nm ࡢࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⢏ᚄࡣ㸪ࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺࡀ㏫ᖹ⾜E-ࢩ࣮ࢺ࡟ࡼࡾṇ 12 㠃యᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓሙྜࡢ┤ᚄ࡟㏆࠸್࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ࢺࣜࣉࢺࣇ࢓ࣥࢪࢵࣃ࣮ᙧᡂ ࣌ࣉࢳࢻKTWTWTE ࢆ୕ཫ㊰≧࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺࡀ㸪୰ᛶỈ⁐ᾮ୰࡛⣙ 30 nmࡢ⌫≧㞟ྜయࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪㓟ᛶỈ⁐ᾮ࡛ࡣ㞟ྜయࡀゎ㞳ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺
pH ᛂ⟅ᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[13]㸬ࡉࡽ࡟➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪༢⣧࡞ኳ↛ࢺࣜᅗ 㻢㻚㻌 ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ䛻䜘䜚⌫≧䝘䝜䜹䝥䝉䝹䜢ᙧᡂ䛩䜛୕ཫ㊰≧䝨䝥䝏䝗䝁䞁䝆䝳䝀䞊䝖䛾౛䠊㻌䠏䠊䠕㻌 䝨䝥䝏䝗䞉䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁タィᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࡛࠶ࡿࢢࣝࢱࢳ࢜ࣥࢆ୕ཫ㊰≧࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺࡶỈ୰࡛⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡋ㸪100-250 nm ⛬ᗘࡢࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦ᅗ 6C㸧[14, 15]㸬➹⪅ࡽࡢ᭱ึࡢሗ࿌ࡢ 2 ᖺᚋ࡟ Gazit ࡽࡣ㸪ࢪ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ TrpTrp ࢆ୕ཫ㊰≧࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺࡀ㸪࣓ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ-Ỉΰྜᾮ୰࡛ 200500 nm ࡢ⌫≧㞟ྜయࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 6B㸧[16]㸬ྠᵝࡢᡓ␎࡛㸪Ryadnov ࡽࡣ㸪࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥ㙐࡜࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥ㙐ࡢ࣊ࢸࣟࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ୕ཫ㊰࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺࢆタィ࣭ྜᡂࡋ㸪ᢠ⳦άᛶࢆ♧ࡍ⣙ 20
nm ࡢேᕤ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻᵓ㐀ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 6D㸧[17]㸬ࡲࡓ Woolfson ࡽࡣ㸪࣍ࣔ୕㔞యࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢆࢥ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀ࡟࣊ࢸࣟ஧
㔞యࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢆ㐃⤖ࡋࡓ Hub A ࡜ Hub B ࢆタィ࣭ྜᡂࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡀ஫࠸࡟┦⿵ⓗ࡞஧㔞యࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡾ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡋ㸪⢏ᚄ⣙ 100 nm ࡢࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 6E㸧[18]㸬
➹⪅ࡽࡣ 2010 ᖺ࡟㸪᳜≀࢘࢖ࣝࢫࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿࢺ࣐ࢺࣈࢵࢩ̿ࢫࢱࣥࢺ࢘
࢖ࣝࢫ(TBSV)ࡢṇ༑஧㠃యࡢ㦵᱁ᵓ㐀ᙧᡂ࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୕ᅇᑐ⛠ᛶࡢ
EAnnulus ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆࣅࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡜ࡋࡓ࣌ࣉࢳ
ࢻࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ㸦ேᕤ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻ㸧ࡢ๰〇࡟ୡ⏺࡛ึࡵ࡚ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸦ᅗ 7A㸧[19]㸬24 ṧᇶࡢEAnnulus ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢆ Fmoc ᅛ┦ྜἲ࡟ࡼࡾྜᡂ
ࡋ㸪Ỉ࡟⁐ゎࡉࡏࡿ࡜㸪30-50 nm ࡢ⌫≧ᵓ㐀యࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀືⓗගᩓ஘(DLS) ᐃࡸ (TEM ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡾ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᨺᑕගࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᑠゅ X⥺ᩓ஘(SAXS)ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪୰✵ࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂☜࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢேᕤ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻࡢෆ㒊✵㛫࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ศᏊࢆෆໟ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ேᕤ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻࡢȝ㟁఩ࡢ pH ౫Ꮡᛶ࠿ࡽ㸪EAnnulus ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡢ C ᮎ➃ഃࡀ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻእ⾲㠃࡟㸪N ᮎ➃ࡀෆ㒊࡟㓄ྥࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୰ᛶ pH ࡟࠾࠸࡚ෆ㒊ࡣ࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥᛶࡢ M13 ࣇ࢓࣮ࢪ DNA ࡀ㸪㟼㟁┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡾேᕤ࢘࢖
ࣝࢫ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻ࡟ෆໟࡉࢀࡿ[20]㸬ேᕤ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥᛶ⺯ග⢏Ꮚ㸦CdTe ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ㸧ࡢෆໟᣲືࢆ㸪⺯ග┦㛵ศග(FCS)ἲ࡟ࡼࡾゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ[21]㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ෆ㒊࡟㓄ྥࡍࡿEAnnulus ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ N ᮎ➃ࢆ
Ni-NTA 㘒య࡛ಟ㣭ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪His-tag ໬ࡋࡓ⥳Ⰽ⺯ගࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁(His-tag
GFP)ࢆෆໟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 7B㸧[22]㸬୍᪉㸪እ⾲㠃࡟㓄ྥࡍࡿ
EAnnulus ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡢ C ᮎ➃ࢆ௵ពࡢᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊ࡛ಟ㣭ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⾲㠃࡟ᶵ⬟ᛶࢆ௜୚ࡋࡓேᕤ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻࢆ๰〇࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟㸪㔠ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ[23]㸪୍ᮏ㙐 DNA[24]㸪ࢥ࢖ࣝࢻࢥ࢖ࣝ✺㉳[25]㸪࠾ࡼࡧࣄࢺ⾑Ύ࢔ࣝࣈ࣑➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࣥ(HSA)࡛⾲㠃ಟ㣭ࡋࡓேᕤ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࢻࡢ๰〇࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࡞࡝ࡢከᵝ࡞ᶵ⬟ᛶࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆ⮬ᅾ࡟ศᏊタィࡋ㸪ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௒ᚋ㸪࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࣭ࢱࣥࣃࢡ
㉁ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ 㻣㻚㻌 㻔㻭㻕㻌 䝖䝬䝖䝤䝑䝅䠉䝇䝍䞁䝖䜴䜲䝹䝇⏤᮶䃑㻙㻭㼚㼚㼡㼘㼡㼟 䝨䝥䝏䝗䛾⮬ᕫᏊ㞟ྜ䛻䜘䜛ேᕤ䜴䜲䝹䝇䜻䝱䝥䝅䝗䛾ᵓ⠏㻚㻌 㻔㻮㻕㻌 ேᕤ䜴䜲䝹䝇䜻䝱䝥䝅䝗䜈䛾 㻴㼕㼟㻙㼠㼍㼓㻌 㻳㻲㻼 䛾ෆໟ䠊㻔㻯㻕㻌 ேᕤ䜴䜲䝹䝇䜻䝱䝥䝅䝗䛾⾲㠃ಟ㣭䠊㻌

[1] K. Matsuurua, Rational design of self-assembled proteins and peptides for nanoand micro-sized architectures, RSC Adv., 4, 2942-2953, 2014.
[2] K. Oohora, A. Onoda, T. Hayashi, Supramolecular assembling systems formed byheme–heme pocket interactions in hemoproteins, Chem. Commun., 48, 1171411726, 2012.
[3] J. C. T. Carlson, S. S. Jena, M. Flenniken, T. F. Chou, R. A. Siegel, C. R.Wagner,䠏䠊䠕㻌 䝨䝥䝏䝗䞉䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁タィᢏ⾡䛾ືྥChemically Controlled Self-Assembly of Protein Nanorings, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
128, 7630-7638, 2006.
[4] T. Sendai, S. Biswas, T. Aida, Photoreconfigurable Supramolecular Nanotube, J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 11509-11512, 2013.
[5] J. E. Padilla, C. Colovos, T. O. Yeates, Nanohedra: Using symmetry to design selfassembling protein cages, layers, crystals, and filaments, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.,
USA., 98, 2217-2221, 2001.
[6] Y. T. Lai et al., Structure of a designed protein cage that self-assembles into ahighly porous cube, Nat. Chem., 6, 1065-1071, 2014.
[7] Y. Hsia et al., Design of a hyperstable 60-subunit protein icosahedron, Nature, 535,
136-139, 2016.
[8] J. B. Bale et al., Accuratedesign of megadalton-scale two-component icosahedral
protein complexes, Science, 353, 389-394, 2016.
[9] M. R. Ghadiri et al., Self-assembling organic nanotubes based on a cyclic peptide
architecture, Nature, 366, 324-327, 1993.
[10] M. Reches, E. Gazit, Casting metal nanowires within discrete self-assembled
peptide nanotubes, Science, 300, 625-627, 2003.
[11] H. Gradišar et al., Design of a single-chain polypeptide tetrahedron assembled
from coiled-coil segments, Nat. Chem. Biol., 9, 362-366, 2013.
[12] K. Matsuura, K. Murasato, N. Kimizuka, Artificial peptide-nanospheres selfassembled from three-way junctions of β-sheet-forming peptides, J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 127, 10148-10149, 2005.
[13] K. Matsuura et al., Trigonal tryptophane zipper as a novel building block for pHresponsive peptide nano-assemblies, Chem. Commun., 47, 265-267, 2011.
[14] K. Matsuura et al., Spontaneous self-assembly of nanospheres from trigonal
conjugate of glutathione in water, Soft Matter, 5, 2463-2470, 2009.
[15] K. Matsuura et al., Self-assembly of conformation-regulated trigonal-glutathiones
in water, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 83, 880-886, 2010.
[16] S. Ghosh et al., Bioinspired design of nanocages by self‐Assembling triskelion
peptide elements, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46, 2002, 2007.
[17] E. De Santis et al., Antimicrobial peptide capsids of de novo design, Nat. Commun.,8, 2263, 2017.
[18] J. M. Fletcher et al., Self-assembling cages from coiled-coil peptide modules,➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮



Science, 340, 595-599, 2013.
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peptide fragment, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 49, 9662-9665, 2010.
[20] K. Matsuura et al., Guest-binding behavior of peptide nanocapsules selfassembled from viral peptide fragments, Polymer J., 45, 529-534, 2013.
[21] S. Fujita, K. Matsuura, Encapsulation of CdTe quantum dots in synthetic viralcapsids, Chem. Lett., 45, 922-924, 2016.
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with gold nanoparticles, Polymer J., 47, 146-151, 2015.
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at the surface, Org. Biomol. Chem., 15, 5070-5077, 2017.
㸦㫽ྲྀ኱Ꮫ ᯇᾆ࿴๎㸧㻌䠏䞉䠍䠌㻌 䜊䝥䝏䝗䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇㻌DNA ࡣࡇࡢᏱᐂ࡛᭱㧗ഔసࡢศᏊ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬◊✲ࢆࡍࢀࡤࡍࡿ࡯࡝㸪✲ࡵࢀࡤ✲ࡵࡿ࡯࡝ࡑࡢぢ஦ࡉ࡟ឤ᭹ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡔ࠿ࡽ DNA ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆసࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔ㸬ࡑࡢ᫇㸦࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ 30 ᖺ๓㸧㸪DNA ࡣ㑇ఏ᝟ሗࢆᢸ࠺ศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚≉ู࡞Ꮡᅾࡔࡗࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪1992 ᖺ࡟ 1 ᮏ
㙐 DNA ࡣ㓄ิ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ RNA ࡸࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ 3 ḟᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋᢠయࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ࡇࢀࢆ DNA ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮࡜ࡼࡪ㸧[1]㸬࡝࠺ࡶ⏕య㧗ศᏊ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣᵓᡂせ⣲㸦᰾㓟࠿࢔࣑ࣀ㓟࠿㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡀไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡽࡋ࠸㸬ࡑ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ▮ඛ࡟㸪௒ᗘࡣ Breaker ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 1994 ᖺ࡟ DNA ࡀ㓝⣲࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄽᩥ[2]ࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ㸬࠸ࢃࡺࡿ DNAzyme ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㓝⣲ࡣࢱࣥࣃ
ࢡ㉁ࡢᑓ኎≉チ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪1983 ᖺ࡟ Cech ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ RNA ࡢ㓝⣲ᶵ⬟ࡀⓎぢ[3]㸦ࡇࢀࢆ Ribozyme ࡜࠸࠺㸧ࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽ࡯ࡰ 10 ᖺࡢࡇ࡜࡛

䠏䞉䠍䠌㻌 䜊䝥䝏䝗䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡛ࡲࡍࡲࡍ DNA,RNA ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᇉ᰿ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚⏕య㧗ศᏊ
࡜ࡋ࡚ඹ㏻ࡍࡿᬑ㐢ᛶࡀ⾲࡟࡛࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪DNA ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇᵓ㐀ࡀ኎ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 4 ḟᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚㧗ᶵ⬟໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⿬ᢏࡣ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ㸪Rothemund ࡀ
DNA origami[4]ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡇࡢண᝿ࡶ࡟ࢃ࠿࡟᛹ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬⌧࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ◊✲⪅ࡣ DNA ࡜ᵝࠎ࡞ᮦᩱ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚⯆࿡῝࠸ࢼࣀࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆస〇ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ[5]㸬
 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢃࡅ࡛௒ࡉࡽ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡶ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸬DNA ࡔࡅ࡛༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿㄞ⪅ࡶከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺㸬☜࠿࡟ࡑ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࡀ㸪⏕࿨ࡢ㐍໬ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ㝿࡟ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞␲ၥࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬࡞ࡐ⏕≀ࡣRNA ࣮࣡ࣝࢻ࠿ࡽ⩻ヂᶵᵓ࡜࠸࠺㞴ࡋ࠸ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ฼
⏝ࡍࡿ RNP ࣮࣡ࣝࢻ㸦RNA ࡜ Protein ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿୡ⏺㸧࡟⛣⾜ࡋࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽࡜࠸࠺␲ၥ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡛࡟ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ RNA ࡸ DNA ࡶ㓝⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢാࡁ
ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤᢠయࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ྜ⬟ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࢃࡊࢃࡊ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࣏ࣜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ
࡟ࢥ࣮ࢻ໬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬☜࠿࡟ DNA,RNA ࡣ 4 ✀㢮࡟ሷᇶ࠿ࡽࡢࡳ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡣ 20 ✀㢮ࡢ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟࠿ࡽ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ከᵝᛶࡢⅬ࡛᭷฼࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪⏕࿨ࡢ㉳※◊✲࠿ࡽึᮇࡢᆅ⌫ㄌ⏕ࡢ㡭ࡣ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸୍᪉㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ᰾㓟ࡢᮦᩱ࡜࡞ࡿሷᇶࡸ
ࣜࣥ㓟ࡀᆅ⌫ୖ࡛ྜᡂࡉࢀ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉ࡚㸪ࡇࡇ࡛⣽⬊ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺㸬⣽⬊⭷ࡢᮦᩱ࡜࡞ࡿ⬡㉁ࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃึᮇ
࠿ࡽᆅ⌫ୖ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡸ⬡㉁ࡣ⣽⬊ࡢㄌ⏕௨๓࠿ࡽఱ࠿ࡋࡽ┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪⏕࿨ࡀ⣽⬊࡜࠸࠺ᙧែࢆ࡜ࡿ࠺࠼࡛ఱ࠿ࡋࡽࡢ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡶࡑࡶ⌧ᅾࡢ⣽⬊⭷࡟ࡣከ✀㢮ࡢ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀᇙࡵ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⭷ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᏑᅾ࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣ⣽⬊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪஧㔜⬡㉁⭷࡜࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ࢃࡾྜ࠸㸦┦஫స⏝㸧ࡀྍ⬟࠿ࢆ▱ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓ㸬➹⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜㐍໬ศᏊᕤᏛ࡜࠸࠺ᵝࠎ࡞㓄ิࡢ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡸࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ
↓⣽⬊⩻ヂ⣔࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ヨ㦂⟶ෆ࡛ྜᡂࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⭾኱࡞㓄ิ㞟ᅋ㸦ࣛ࢖ࣈࣛࣜ࡜࠸࠺㸧࠿ࡽ≉ᐃࡢᶵ⬟ศᏊࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ㸪㐍໬ࡉࡏࡿᢏ⾡㸦ヨ㦂⟶ෆ㐍໬㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᏊ㐍໬ࡢᐇ㦂ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㐍໬ศᏊᕤᏛ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศᏊࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸧㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ேᕤࡢ⬡㉁⭷࡛࠶ࡿ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞㓄ิࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࣛ࢖ࣈࣛࣜ࠿ࡽᅗ 1 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㑅ᢥ⣔ࢆ⪃᱌ࡋ࡚࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟⤖ྜ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮

ࡍࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡢྲྀᚓࢆヨࡳࡓ㸬⯆࿡῝࠸ࡇ࡜ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ኳ↛࡟ࡣ࡞࠸㓄ิࡢ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ᙉࡃ⤖ྜࡍࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡀྲྀᚓ࡛ࡁࡓ[6]㸬 ኳ↛࡛ࡣ㉳ࡇࡾ࠼࡞࠸༢⣧໬ࡋࡓ᮲௳ୗ࡛ᐇ㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᮍ▱ࡢศᏊࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆぢࡘࡅࡿసᴗࡣ㠃ⓑ࠸㸬༢⣧࡛ࡶ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࢀࡤ᪂ࡋ࠸Ⓨぢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ศᏊࡢ⤌ྜࡏ࡛⏕≀ࡽࡋ࠸ศᏊࣟ࣎
ࢵࢺࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡣᆅ⌫ᆺ⏕࿨࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢࠕ⮬↛ࠖ࡟ฟ఍࠼ࡓ
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢฟ఍࠸ࢆᴦࡋࡳ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᅗ㸯 ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒⤖ྜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡢ㑅ᢥ⣔࡜ྲྀᚓࡋࡓ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ㸦),7& ⺯ගಟ㣭㸧ࡢ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡬ࡢ⤖ྜ
[1] Bock, L.C., et al., Selection of single-stranded DNA molecules that bind and inhibit
human thrombin. Nature. 355, 6360, pp.564-566, 1992
[2] Breaker, R.R., Joyce, G.F., A DNA enzyme that cleaves RNA. Chem Biol., 1, 4,
pp.223-229, 1994

䠏䞉䠍䠌㻌 䜊䝥䝏䝗䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇[3] Zaug, A.J., Grabowski, P.J., Cech, T.R., Autocatalytic cyclization of an excisedintervening sequence RNA is a cleavage-ligation reaction, Nature, 301, 5901,
pp.578-583, 1983
[4] Rothemund, P.W., Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns. Nature,
440, 7082, pp.297-302, 2006[5] ℧ࣀୖ ṇᾈ, ⏕యෆ࡛ാࡃศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᐇ⌧࡬; ᝟ሗ፹య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ
DNA ศᏊ࡜ DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ, ᝟ሗ⟶⌮, 60, 9, 629-640, 2017[6] Kobayashi, S., et al., In vitro selection of random peptides against artificial lipid
bilayers: a potential tool to immobilize molecules on membranes. Chem Commun(Camb), 53, 24, pp.3458-3461, 2017㸦ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ ᰿ᮏ┤ே㸧
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䠐䠊䠍㻌 ⏕యศᏊ䝰䞊䝍䞊䜢㥑ື⣔䛸䛩䜛䝇䝽䞊䝮ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾ᵓ⠏ ➨䠐❶㻌ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䛯䜑䛾ศᏊ䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍㻌㻌䠐䠊䠍㻌 ⏕యศᏊ䝰䞊䝍䞊䜢㥑ື⣔䛸䛩䜛䝇䝽䞊䝮ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾ᵓ⠏㻌㻌㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌ேᕤ▱⬟㸦$,㸧ࡀᛴ㏿࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ࡞࠿㸪$, ࡀࣄࢺࡢ▱⬟ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࠕᢏ⾡ⓗ≉␗Ⅼ㸦ࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ࢕㸧ࠖࡀヰ㢟࡟ୖࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ>@㸬୍᪉㸪 ᖺᗘࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ໬Ꮫ㈹ࡢཷ㈹ࢸ࣮࣐࡟࡞ࡿ࡞࡝ࠕࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥ㸦ศᏊᶵᲔ㸧ࠖࡶὀ┠ࢆ㞟
ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ே▱ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ $, ࡀࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪♫఍࡟ィࡾ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡜ண ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬$, ࡣ᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ◊✲ᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡀ㸪ࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥࡣ໬ᏛࡸᕤᏛ࡞࡝ࡢᛂ⏝⛉Ꮫศ㔝࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪$, ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥࢆไᚚࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪୧ศ㔝࡟ࡲࡓࡀࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒ࠿ࡽ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛࡢᡭἲ࡟ೌࡗ࡚㸪ศᏊࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ㒊ရ࠿ࡽศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ⤌ࡳୖࡆࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࠖࡀ๰ᡂࡉ
ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᙜ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛ࡛᭱ࡶὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࡢ  ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⩌ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࢆ㸪୺࡟⏕య⏤᮶ࡢᮦᩱࢆࣅࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡜ࡋࡓ
ศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸧࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୗ࡟ࡇࢀࡲ
࡛ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬⩌䜜䠄䝇䝽䞊䝮䠅䛸䛿䠛⮬↛⏺࡛ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᵓ㐀యࡀ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ㛫ࡢᒁᡤⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝ࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸬༳㇟ⓗ࡞౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㫽ࡸ㨶㸪⣽⬊ࡸࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔࡞࡝ࡢ⏕ࡁ≀ࡀసࡾฟࡍ
͆⩌ࢀ㸦㸻ࢫ࣮࣒࣡㸧͇ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⩌ࢀ࡟ࡣ㸪⤫ᣓᙺⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪㏆᥋ࡍࡿಶయ࠿ࡽཷࡅࡿ᝟ሗ㸦┦஫స⏝㸧ࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡗ࡚⩌ࡢᙧࡸࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ༠ㄪⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬࡞ࡐ⏕ࡁ≀ࡣ⩌ࢀࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽͆⩌ࢀ͇ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜࡛సᴗࡢศᢸ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ͆୪ิᛶ͇㸪ࡲࡓసᴗࢆ☜ᐇ࡟ᐇ⾜ࡉࡏࡿ͆㡹೺ᛶ͇㸪ࡉࡽ࡟≧ἣ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚▐᫬࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ
͆ᰂ㌾ᛶ͇࡞࡝㸪 ಶయ࡛ࡣᡂࡋᚓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞͆⩌ࢀ͇ࡢᣢࡘ≉ᛶ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ͆㞟ᅋ࡛ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿᶵᲔⓗᅗ 1 ࢫ࣮࣒࣡ᆺศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ

㸦ୖ㸧ᴫ␎ᅗ㸬࣎ࢹ࢕࡛࠶ࡿᚤᑠ⟶ࡣືຊࡢ࢟ࢿࢩࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㥑ືࡍࡿ㸬ᚤᑠ⟶࡟ࡣ▱⬟࣭ไᚚ⣔࡜ࡋ࡚ DNA ࢆᦚ㍕ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬DNA ࡀࡶࡘ≉␗ⓗ࡞ศᏊㄆ㆑⬟ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࢆ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬DNA ࡟ࡣࢭࣥࢧ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ឤ
ගᛶศᏊࢆᑟධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㸦ୗ㸧ᐇ㝿࡟㐠ືࡋ࡚ྜయࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⺯ග㢧ᚤ㙾෗┿㸬ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮㸸5μm㸬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦⩌ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸧͇ࡢ◊✲࣭㛤Ⓨࡀࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛࡢศ㔝࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⩌ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ◊✲ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ಶయࡢࠕࢧ࢖ࢬࠖ࡜ࠕᩘࠖࡀ
࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸬⩌ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿಶయࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࢀࡤࡍࡿ࡯࡝㸪ࡲࡓᩘࡀቑ࠼ࢀࡤቑ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝ᵝࠎ࡞つᶍ࡟ᛂࡌᰂ㌾࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ͆ᣑᙇᛶ͇ࡀᚓࡽ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟㸪ࡑࡢᇶᮏࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡣࢭࣥࢳ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ༢
఩ࡲ࡛㸪ᩘࡣ  యࡲ࡛㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢࠕࢧ࢖ࢬࠖ࡜ࠕᩘࠖࢆࡉ
ࡽ࡟ྥୖࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽ࡇࡢၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢศᏊ⣲Ꮚࢆ࣎ࢺ࣒
࢔ࢵࣉⓗ࡞᪉ᘧ࡛ᚤᑠ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬࡜⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛͆⩌ࢀࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ͇
ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ>@㸬ᩘ࠶ࡿᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊࡢ࡞࠿࠿ࡽ㸪㸧࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࡟ࡣ͆⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮͇ࢆ㸪㸧ࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧ࣮࡟ࡣ͆'1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚ͇ࢆ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ 㸧ࢭࣥࢧ࣮࡟ࡣ͆ឤගᛶศᏊ͇ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸬㸰㸧ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ୕せ⣲ࡢ≉ᚩศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢືຊ※࡜࡞ࡿ⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪ᐇാࡍࡿศᏊᶵᲔ࡜ࡋ࡚

䠐䠊䠍㻌 ⏕యศᏊ䝰䞊䝍䞊䜢㥑ື⣔䛸䛩䜛䝇䝽䞊䝮ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾ᵓ⠏ ࡣ᭱ᑠࢡࣛࢫࡢࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ᢏ⾡࡛ྜᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔ
ࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪໬Ꮫⓗ࡞࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆຊᏛⓗ࡞௙஦࡬࡜ኚ᥮ࡍࡿᶵᵓࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ඃࢀࡓ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚ᥮ຠ⋡㸦ࠥ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ㧗࠸ẚฟຊ≉ᛶ㸦ࠥN:NJ㸸୍⯡ⓗ࡞㟁☢࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢ  ಸ㸧ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢆືຊ
※࡜ࡋࡓࢼࣀࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡸࣂ࢖࢜࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀྛᅜ࡛┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬'1$ ࡣ㸪ሷᇶ㓄ิ᝟ሗ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㧗ᗘ࡞ศᏊㄆ㆑⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊ᝟ሗࡢグ᠈፹య࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ ࡢ໬Ꮫྜᡂࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡾᵝࠎ࡞⏝㏵࡬ࡢᛂ⏝࡟ᮇᚅࡀᐤࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬⌧ᅾࡲ࡛」㞧࡞ࢼࣀᵓ㐀య㸦'1$ ᢡࡾ⣬㸧ࡸࢹࢪࢱࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢグ㘓㸪ࡲࡓᩘᏛⓗၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ '1$ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ㸦ィ⟬ᶵ㸧࡞࡝ࡶᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ '1$ ࡟ࡼࡾᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ₇⟬⣲ᏊࡀศᏊࣟ࣎
ࢵࢺࢆไᚚࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ㸬ឤගᛶศᏊࡣ '1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚ࡟ගࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࣥࢢᶵ⬟ࢆ௜ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬ឤගᛶศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚࢔ࢰ࣋ࣥ
ࢮࣥㄏᑟయࢆ '1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ㸬⣸እග↷ᑕୗ࡛ࡣ₇⟬⣲Ꮚࢆ 2)) ࡟ྍどග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ 21 ࡬ࡢษࡾ᭰࠼ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ឤගᛶศᏊࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢどぬⓗ࡞ࢭࣥࢧ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ㸬㸱㸧୕せ⣲ࡢ⤫ྜ⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮࡟ࡣࣜࢽ࢔ᆺࡢ㐠ື⣲Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣝ㸦ᚤᑠ⟶㸧࢟ࢿࢩࣥ⣔ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᇶᮏࣘࢽࢵࢺࡣ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗ
ࣈࣝ㸦ԄQPࠥwP㸧࡜₇⟬Ꮚࡢ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ '1$ 㙐࡜ࢆ໬Ꮫⓗ࡞ᡭἲ㸦㖡࢖࢜ࣥࣇ࣮ࣜࢡࣜࢵࢡ཯ᛂ㸧࡟ࡼࡾ」ྜ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚓࡽࡿ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧㸬ࡉࡽ࡟࢔ࢰ࣋ࣥࢮࣥㄏᑟయࢆ '1$ ഃ㙐࡟ᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ගᛂ⟅ᛶࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡳࢇࡔ㸬⤫ྜ໬ࡉࢀࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㐠ື≉ᛶࡣ࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡀࢥ࣮ࢺࡉࢀࡓᇶᯈୖ࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣝࡢ༢㔞య࡜࡞ࡿࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣜࣥ࡜ '1$
㙐ࡢ」ྜẚ㸦㸸㸧࠾ࡼࡧ '1$ 㙐㛗㸦ES㸧ࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ ࡢ㐠ື≉ᛶ㸦QPVHF㸧ࢆಖᣢࡋࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᇶᮏࣘࢽࢵࢺࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱᅗ㸰 ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣝ㸦ᚤᑠ⟶㸧࡜ DNA 㙐࡜ࡢ」ྜ໬࡟⏝࠸ࡓ㖡࢖࢜ࣥࣇ࣮ࣜࢡࣜࢵࢡ཯ᛂ

㻌ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛻䜘䜛⩌䜜䛾ᐇ₇㻌
㸯㸧'1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌ࢀࡢᐇ⾜ෑ㢌࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟⩌ࢀࡢᙧᡂ࡟ࡣᒁᡤⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝ࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓ
ࡍ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⩌ࢀࡣ㸪'1$ ࡢᣢࡘศᏊㄆ㆑⬟ࢆᒁᡤⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝࡟ኚ᥮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟ '1$ ࢆධຊಙྕ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࢟ࢿࢩࣥୖ
࡛⁥㉮ࡍࡿ⣙  ୓యࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟⩌ࢀࢆᙧᡂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬ධຊࡉࢀࡿ '1$ 㙐ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㛫࡟┦஫స⏝ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡼ࠺タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⩌ࢀࡢ୰࡛ࡣ࡝ࡢಶయࡶ᪉ྥᛶ㸦࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣝࡢᴟᛶ㸧ࢆᥞ࠼࡚⁥㉮ࡍࡿ㸬⩌ࢀࡢᙧᡂࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃゎᾘࡶ '1$ ࢆධຊಙྕ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⩌ࢀࡢゎᾘࢆᣦ♧ࡍࡿධຊಙྕࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㛫࡟┦஫స⏝ࢆࡶ
ࡓࡽࡍ '1$ 㙐ࢆ㙐⨨᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ↓ຠ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛タィ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㸰㸧ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡿㄽ⌮₇⟬
'1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟㸪㐺ษ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜
ㄽ⌮₇⟬ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ධຊࡋࡓ」ᩘࡢ࿨㢟㸦'1$ ධຊಙྕ㸧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ┿࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ⌮ㄽ✚㸦$1' ࢤ࣮ࢺ㸧ࡸ㸪࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ᑡ
࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ୍ࡘࡀ┿࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ⌮ㄽ✚㸦25 ࢤ࣮ࢺ㸧࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ₇⟬⤖ᯝࢆ㸪㸦┿㸧࠿ 㸦ഇ㸧࡛ฟຊࡍࡿ㸬ฟຊ⤖ᯝ㸦࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺ㸧ࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
ࡢ⩌ࢀࡢᙧែኚ໬࠿ࡽ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㉥Ⰽ㸦࣮ࣟࢲ࣑ࣥ㸧⥳Ⰽ⺯ග㸦ࣇࣝ࢜ࣞࢭ
࢖ࣥ㸧ࡀಟ㣭ࡉࢀࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ⩌ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿΰⰍ㸦㯤Ⰽ㸧࠿ࡽどぬⓗ࡟ࡶᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬䠐䠊䠍㻌 ⏕యศᏊ䝰䞊䝍䞊䜢㥑ື⣔䛸䛩䜛䝇䝽䞊䝮ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾ᵓ⠏ 㸱㸧⩌ࢀࡢᙧែไᚚ
ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌ࢀࡢᙧែࡣ㸪'1$ ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ᑟධࡉࢀࡿᒁᡤⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ᇶᮏࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢ㦵⤌ࡳ࡜࡞ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣝࡢ㛗ࡉࡸ๛ᛶ࡟ࡼࡾከᵝ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ᭤ࡆ๛ᛶ Ѹ1P ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ࡛ࣝྜᡂࡉࢀࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪⣳㗽≧ࡢ⩌ᙧែࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪୪㐍ᛶࡢ㧗࠸⩌⾜ືࢆ♧ࡍ㸬୍᪉㸪๛ᛶࢆ⣙  ⛬ᗘ࡟ୗࡆࡿ࡜㸪⎔≧ࡢ⩌ᙧែࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪ᕳ≧ࡢ⩌⾜ື࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㸧㸬࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣝࡢ๛ᛶࡣ㸪༢㔞య࡛࠶ࡿࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣜࣥࡢ㔜ྜ᮲௳࡛ไᚚࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⩌ࢀࡢᙧែኚ໬ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㐠ືᣢ⥆㛗㸦3DWK3HUVLVWHQWOHQJWK㸧࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ
࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧㸬ᅗ㸱 ⩌ࢀࡢᙧᡂ࡜ゎ㝖㸦ୖ㸧ධຊࡋࡓಙྕ DNA ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ㸪⩌ࢀࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸬⩌ࢀࡣᚤᑠ⟶ࡢ◳ࡉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪᪉ྥࡢᥞࡗࡓ┤㐍㐠ືࡲࡓࡣᅇ㌿㐠ືࡍࡿ㸬ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮㸸25μm㸬㸦ୗ㸧ูࡢಙྕ DNA ࢆධຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

㸲㸧ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ┤஺ᛶ'1$ ࡢ㧗ᗘ࡞ศᏊㄆ㆑⬟ࡣ㸪ධຊಙྕࢆΰಙࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ㸪┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿศᏊ࡟ࡢࡳఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ '1$ ࡢ┤஺ᛶࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⩌ᙧᡂࢆ⊂❧࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ  ✀㢮ࡢ '1$ධຊಙྕ㸪༶ࡕ  ᮏࡣ๛ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟㸪 ᮏ┠ࡣ๛ᛶࡢప࠸ศᏊࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺ⏝࡟タィࡍࡿ㸦ࡇࡢ '1$ ࡟ࡣ⩌ࢀࢆᙧᡂࡉࡏࡿ᝟ሗࡀ࢚ࣥࢥ࣮ࢻࡉࢀ
ࡿ㸧㸬ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪୪㐍ࡍࡿ⩌ࢀ㸪ᅇ㌿ࡍࡿ⩌ࢀ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୪㐍࠾ࡼࡧᅇ㌿ࡢ୧⩌ࢀࢆྠ᫬࡟࠿ࡘ⊂❧ࡋ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㸳㸧ග࡟ࡼࡿ⩌ࢀࡢ 21̽2)) ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࣥࢢ
ឤගᛶศᏊ㸦࢔ࢰ࣋ࣥࢮࣥ㸧ࢆ '1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
࡟ࡼࡿ⩌ ࢀࡢᙧᡂ ゎᾘ ࢆග࡟ ࡼࡾไ ᚚࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡶྍ ⬟࡛ ࠶ࡿ 㸬⣸እග㸦Ȣ QP㸧↷ᑕୗ࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚࡣ 2)) ࡢ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡾ⩌ࢀࡣᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸬ྍどග㸦Ȣ QP㸧ࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜㸪'1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚࡣ 21 ࡜࡞ࡾ⩌ࢀࡢᙧᡂᅗ㸲ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⩌ࢀᙧᡂ࣭ゎ㝖ࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ
ឤගᛶศᏊ㸦࢔ࢰ࣋ࣥࢮࣥ㸧ࢆᑟධࡋࡓ'1$ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ獕࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮㸸
wP㸬䠐䠊䠍㻌 ⏕యศᏊ䝰䞊䝍䞊䜢㥑ື⣔䛸䛩䜛䝇䝽䞊䝮ᆺศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾ᵓ⠏ ࡀጞࡲࡿ㸬⩌ࢀࡢᙧᡂ࣭ゎᾘࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ≀⌮≉ᛶࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛୪㐍ᛶࡸᅇ㌿ᛶ࡞࡝ࡢ⩌ࢀࡢ⾜ືࡶග࡛ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸲㸧㸬䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌⩌ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಶయࡢࠕࢧ࢖ࢬࠖ࡜ࠕᩘࠖࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣ⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㸪'1$ ₇⟬⣲Ꮚ㸪ឤගᛶศᏊࢆ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ゎỴࡢ⣒ཱྀࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢬࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࢭࣥࢳ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ࠿ࡽࢼࣀ࣓࣮
ࢺࣝࡲ࡛ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢲ࢘ࣥࡋ㸪ᩘࡣ༓࠿ࡽᩘⓒ୓యࡲ࡛࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗ࢔ࢵࣉࡉࡏࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟ሗࢆฎ⌮㸪ಖᣢ㸪Ⓨಙࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿศ
Ꮚࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ⏝㏵ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㸬>@㸬౛࠼ࡤ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢧ
࢖ࢬࡢࠕேᕤ➽⫗ࠖࡸ㸪໬Ꮫⓗ࣭≀⌮ⓗ࡞่⃭࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⩌ࢀࡀኚᙧࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬ᅾ࡟⏬ീࢆᥥࡁࡔࡍࠕ⏬ീ⣲Ꮚࠖ㸪ࡲࡓឤ▱ࡋࡓ㑇ఏ᝟ሗࢆ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ⏬ീࢆᥥࡁฟࡋどぬⓗ࡟⾲♧ࡍࡿࠕ㑇ఏᏊデ᩿࢟ࢵࢺࠖ
㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࣀ㒊ရࡢ⤌ࡳୖࡆᕤ⛬ࡸ໬Ꮫࣉࣛࣥࢺ࡞࡝ࡢࠕ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣜ࢔
ࢡࢱࠖ࡞࡝ࢆᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠺㸬௨ୖ㸪ᮏㄅ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩘ࠶ࡿᶵ⬟ᛶศᏊࡢ࡞࠿
࠿ࡽ࠶ࡿ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ㑅ᢥ࣭⤫ྜࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓ㸬௒ᚋ㸪ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ᶵ⬟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ඲ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸㦵⤌ࡳࢆࡶࡗࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ㸪㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢ
࡜ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
[1] R. Kurzweil ⴭ㸪ᑠ㔝ᮌ᫂ᜨ㸪㔝୰㤶᪉Ꮚ㸪⚟⏣ ᐇ ヂ㸪஭ୖ ೺ ┘ಟ㸪ࠗࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡣ㏆࠸ே㢮ࡀ⏕࿨ࢆ㉸㉺ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࠘
㸪NHK ฟ∧㸦2012㸧㸬[2] Hagiya, M.; Konagaya, A.; Kobayashi, S.; Saito, H.; Murata, S. Acc. Chem. Res.
2014, 47, 1681–1690.
[3] Keya, J.J.; Suzuki, R.; Kabir, A.M.R; Inoue, D.; Asanuma, H.; Sada, K.; Hess, H.;
Kuzuya, A.; Kakugo, A. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 453.
[4] Kuzuya, A.; Sakai, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Xu, Y.; Komiyama, M. Nat. Commun. 2011,
2, 449.
[5] Asanuma, H.; Liang, X.; Nishioka, H.; Matsunaga, D.; Liu, M.; Komiyama, M. Nat.
Protoc. 2007,2,203–212.
[6] Inoue, D.; Nitta, T.; Kabir, A.M.R.; Sada, K.; Gong, J.P.; Konagaya, A.; Kakugo, A.
Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 12557.
㸦໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ ゅ஬ᙲ㸧➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

䠐䠊䠎㻌 䝨䝥䝏䝗䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍㻌࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡢEࢩ࣮ࢺᵓ㐀ᙧᡂࢆගࡸ pH㸪㓟໬㑏ඖ࡞࡝ࡢ่⃭࡟ᛂ⟅ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪⮬ᕫ㞟ྜᛶ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࡢᙧᡂ࡜ゎ㞳ࢆືⓗ࡟ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୰࡛ࡶග่⃭ࡣ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ▷᫬㛫࡛࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡢᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࢆㄏ㉳࡛ࡁ㸪࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ගᛂ⟅ᛶ࣌ࣉࢳࢻDNA ࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪ග࡟ࡼࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ᙧᡂࡢ᫬✵㛫ไᚚ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ[1]㸬ࡲࡎ㸪ග㛤⿣ᛶ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ DNA(dA20)࡜E-ࢩ࣮ࢺᙧᡂ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ(FKFEFKFE)ࢆ㐃⤖ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺ 1 ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 1A㸧㸬DNA 㒊఩ࡣ㸪㟼㟁཯Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡾ࣌ࣉ
ࢳࢻࡢ⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪DNA ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ
⮬ᕫ㞟ྜ✵㛫ࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙺ๭ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ỉ⁐ᾮ୰࡛ࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺ
1 ࡣࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ᙧᡂࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪365 nm ࡢග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࣌ࣉࢳࢻ୺㙐ࡀษ
᩿ࡉࢀ㸪FKFEFKFE ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡀ㐟㞳ࡋ㸪⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡋ࡚ࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ TEM ࡟ࡼࡾ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪dA20 ࡜┦⿵ⓗ࡞ dT20 ࢆᅛᐃࡋࡓ࢞ࣛ
ࢫᇶᯈୖ࡟ࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺ 1 ࢆࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࡏࡓᚋ㸪ග↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᇶᯈୖ࡟ࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ 1B㸧㸬୍᪉㸪㠀┦⿵ⓗ࡞ DNA
ࢆᅛᐃࡋࡓᇶᯈୖ࡛ࡣࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ  ග㛤⿣࡟ࡼࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ᡂ㛗ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ $ ࡜
G7 ᰾㓟ಟ㣭࢞ࣛࢫᇶᯈୖ࡛ࡢගㄏ㉳࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ᙧᡂ % 㸬䠐䠊䠎㻌 䝨䝥䝏䝗䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍➹⪅ࡽࡣ᭱㏆㸪ࡼࡾ㎿㏿࡟ගษ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺ 2 ࢆ┦ศ㞳ࢪࣕ࢖࢔ࣥࢺ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ୖࡢ∦ഃ㸦DOPC ┦㸧࡟ಟ㣭ࡋ㸪ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ
୪㐍㐠ືࡀຍ㏿ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 2㸧[2]㸬ࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺ 2 ࢆಟ㣭ࡋࡓ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ග↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᮍಟ㣭࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ග↷ᑕࡋࡓሙྜࡸ㸪ࢥࣥࢪࣗࢤ࣮ࢺ 2 ࡟ග↷ᑕࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⣙ 6 ಸࡢ㐠ືຍ㏿ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾࢪࣕ࢖࢔ࣥࢺ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ∦ഃ࿘㎶ࡢࡳ࡛࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࣇ
࢓࣮ࣂ࣮ࡀᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ⏺㠃ᙇຊࡀ㠀ᑐ⛠࡟࡞ࡾ㸪࣐ࣛࣥࢦࢽᑐὶࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ᡂ㛗࡟ࡼࡿ୪㐍㐠ືࡣ㸪㉥⑩⳦ࡸࣜࢫࢸࣜ࢔➼ࡢ⣽⳦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ∦㠃࡛ࡢ࢔ࢡࢳࣥࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ
࣮ᙧᡂ㸦࢔ࢡࢳࣥࢥ࣓ࢵࢺࢸ࣮ࣝ㸧ࢆ᥎㐍ຊ࡜ࡋࡓ୪㐍㐠ື࡜㢮ఝࡋࡓ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ▱ぢࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢගไᚚ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡢタィᣦ㔪࡜࡞ࡾ㸪㐺ษ࡞ศᏊタィࢆ᪋ࡍࡇ࡜࡛㸪ග↷ᑕ᪉ྥ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㐠ື᪉ྥࡀኚࢃࡿࠕ㉮ගᛶࠖࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ  ගㄏ㉳࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢼࣀࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ᡂ㛗ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡿ
ࢪࣕ࢖࢔ࣥࢺ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ㐠ືಁ㐍[1] M. Furutani et al.,A photoinduced growth system of peptide nanofibres addressedby DNA hybridization, Chem. Commun., 51, 8020-8022, 2015.
[2] H. Inaba et al., Light-induced propulsion of a giant liposome driven by peptide➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ



nanofibre growth, Sci. Rep., 8, 6243, 2018.
㸦㫽ྲྀ኱Ꮫ ᯇᾆ࿴๎㸧䠐䠊䠏㻌 䜰䜽䝏䞁ᑒධ⭷ᑠ⬊䛾ගไᚚ㻌⏕ࡁࡓ⣽⬊ࡀぢࡏࡿከᵝ࡛」㞧࡞㐠ືࡢⓎ⏕ᶵᵓࢆ┿࡟⌮ゎࡋ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࢀࢆ
ᶍೌ෌⌧ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉࡢᵓᡂㄽⓗ࡞ࠕ⮬ࡽࡢᡭ࡛సࡗ࡚ࡳࡿࠖ࢔ࣉ
࣮ࣟࢳࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ➨୍Ṍ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⣽⬊㦵᱁ࢆෆ㒊࡛෌ᵓᡂࡋࡓ⣽⬊ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢேᕤ⬡㉁⭷ᑠ⬊㸦࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸧ࡢ฼⏝ࢆ㊊᥃࠿ࡾ࡟㸪ኚᙧ࣭㐠ືࡍࡿேᕤ⣽⬊ࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏ࡀከࡃࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ヨࡳࡽࢀ>@㸪㐠ືࡢ෌⌧ᡂຌࡢሗ࿌ࡀቑ࠼ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ>@㸬ࡑࡢṤ࡝ࡣ㸪⣽⬊㦵᱁࡜ࡋ࡚⬺㔜ྜ㜼ᐖ๣࡛Ᏻᐃ໬ࡉࢀࡓᚤᑠ⟶࡜㸪Ⓨ⌧⢭〇ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆࡞ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㸪࢟ࢿࢩࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡛ࡣᚤᑠ⟶࡜ඹ࡟࢔ࢡࢳࣥ⥺⥔ࡶാࡃ㸬ࡲࡓ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡣ㸪ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮࡜ࡢඹྠࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⮬ࡽࡀ㔜ྜ⬺㔜ྜࡋఙ㛗▷⦰ࡍࡿ஦࡛ࡶຊࢆⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪࢔ࢡࢳࣥࡢ౑⏝ࡸ㸪㔜ྜ⬺㔜ྜฟ᮶ࡿ⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡢ฼⏝ࡶ᭷ຊ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚ఱࡼࡾ㸪⣽⬊࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞⧞
㏉ࡋ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㐠ືࡢᐇ⌧໬ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ>@㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪࢔ࢡࢳࣥ⥺⥔ࢆᑒධࡋࡓ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᡂຌࡋࡓ཯᚟ኚᙧ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪┠ⓗ≀㉁ࢆྵࡴἜ୰Ỉ⁲ࢆἜỈ⏺㠃㏻㐣ࡉࡏࡿᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪㧗㢖ᗘ㧗෌⌧ᛶ࡛࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿᵝ࡟࡞ࡾ>@㸪⣽⬊㉁࡜ྠ⛬ᗘࡢ㧗⃰ᗘ㸦ȣ0௨ୖ㸧࡛ࡶ࢔ࢡࢳࣥࡀᑒධྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬㧗⃰ᗘࡢ࢔ࢡࢳࣥ⥺⥔ࡣ㸪ࢿ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡᾮᬗ໬ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪㓄ྥࡀᥞ࠺㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡀ⣳㗽ᙧ࡟ኚᙧࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸪ୖẁ୍␒ᕥࡢ෗┿㸧>@㸬ࡇࡢኚᙧࡢᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞Ⅼࡣ㸪ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢάᛶ࡟ᚲせ࡞ $73 ࡢ౪⤥⣔ࡢᐇ⿦ࡶ㸪⣽⬊㦵᱁ࡢ㓄⨨ࡢᅛᐃ໬࡟⧅ࡀࡿᯫᶫᅉᏊࡢῧຍࡶ୙せ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡜ࡇࢁ࡛௨๓࠿ࡽ㸪⺯ගᶆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓ࢔ࢡࢳࣥ⥺⥔ࡀ㸪ບ㉳ගࢆᙉࡃ↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜ษ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ஦ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ኚᙧࡋࡓ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟⺯ග㢧ᚤ㙾ࡢບ㉳ගࢆᙉࡃ↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜㸪⣳㗽ᙧࡀ⌫ᙧ࡟ᡠࡾ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸪୧➃࠿ࡽ⭷✺㉳ࡀఙ㛗ࡋ࡚᮶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸰㸪㯤▮༳㸧>@㸬࡞࠾࢔ࢡࢳࣥ⥺⥔ࡣษ᩿ᚋ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟෌ఙ㛗ࡍࡿࡀ㸦ᅗ㸯㸪ୗẁ㸧㸪↷ᑕᚋ㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡣ⣳㗽ᙧ࡟᚟ᖐࡋ㸪✺㉳ࡣ▷⦰ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢኚᙧࡣ⧞㏉ࡋࡀྍ⬟࡛㸪ග↷ᑕࡢ 212)) ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚཯
᚟ฟ᮶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸬≉࡟ࡇࡢ⭷✺㉳࡟㛵ࡋ㸪അ↛▷⦰୰࡟✺㉳ࡢ㏵୰㒊ศࡀ䠐䠊䠏㻌 䜰䜽䝏䞁ᑒධ⭷ᑠ⬊䛾ගไᚚ

ᇶ㉁࡟௜╔ࡍࡿ࡜㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ᮏయࡢ᪉࡬▷⦰ࡍࡿ᭰ࢃࡾ࡟㸪㏫࡟⣽⬊ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᮏయࢆᘬࡁᐤࡏࡿᵝᏊࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ᐇ⿦ࡍࡿ㥑ື㒊࡜ࡋ࡚㸪'1$RULJDPL ➼ࡢ௚ࡢᢏἲࡸ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟
ຍ࠼࡚㸪㛗ࡉࡀྍኚ࡞⧄⥔≧㧗ศᏊࡢ฼⏝ࡶ᭷ຊ࡞஦ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ㸯 ⣳㗽ᙧ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ཯᚟ኚᙧ㸦఩┦ᕪീ࡜ᶍᘧᅗ㸧ᅗ㸰 ⭷✺㉳ࡢ▷⦰᫬࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡓ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ᮏయࡢ⛣ື㸦఩┦ᕪീ㸦୍㒊⺯ගീࢆྵࡴ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ⛣ືࡢᶍᘧᅗ㸧

[1] Hagiya, M. et al. Molecular Robots with Sensors and Intelligence. Acc. Chem.
Res. 47, pp. 1681–1690, 2014.
[2] Keber, F. C. et al. Topology and Dynamics of Active Nematic Vesicles. Science
345, pp. 1135–1139, 2014.
[3] Sato, Y. et al. Micrometer-Sized Molecular Robot Changes its Shape in Response
to Signal Molecules. Science Robotics 2, eaal 3735, 2017.
[4] Hayashi, M. et al. Reversible Morphological Control of Tubulin-Encapsulating
Giant Liposomes by Hydrostatic Pressure. Langmuir 32, pp. 3794–3802, 2016.
[5] Natsume, Y., Toyota, T. Giant Vesicles Containing Microspheres with High Volume
Fraction Prepared by Water-in-Oil Emulsion Centrifugation. Chem. Lett. 42, pp.
295–297, 2013.

➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

[6] Tanaka, S., Takiguchi, K., Hayashi, M. Repetitive Stretching of Giant Liposomes
Utilizing the Nematic Alignment of Confined Actin. Comm. Phys. 1, Article number

18, 2018.
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࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢኚ᥮ຠ⋡ࡀ࡯ࡰ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬⇕ຊᏛࡢἲ๎ࢆ◚ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗ຠ⋡ࡢ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡀ⮬↛⏺࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㦫␗ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪࢟ࢿࢩࣥࡢຠ⋡ࡣ ⛬ᗘ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿ>@㸬) ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢᙺ๭ࡣ࢚ࢿ
ࣝࢠ࣮ኚ᥮࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ኚ᥮ຠ⋡ࢆ᭱኱໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㐍໬ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬࣐ࢡࣟ࡞࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪㏿ࡃື࠿ࡍ࡜ᦶ᧿ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ຠ⋡ࡀୗࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ᦶ᧿⇕ࡣ㸪࣑ࢡࣟ࡞⮬⏤ᗘࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᩓ㐓ࡍࡿ↓㥏࡞⇕࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣࡑࢀ⮬యࡀ࣑ࢡ࡛ࣟ࠶ࡾ㸪N%7 ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ⇕ࡢὶࢀࢆࠕぢ࡚ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࠖྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪) ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣ⇕ᦂࡽࡂ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᕦࡳ࡟໬
Ꮫ≧ែࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㧗ຠ⋡ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬⇕ᦂࡽࡂ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ᪉ྥᛶࡀ࡞࠸㸬) ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪◳࠸ᵓ㐀࡜ᰂࡽ࠿࠸ࣄࣥࢪ
ࢆ⤯ጁ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓᶵᵓ࡛㸪ᦂࡽࡂࢆୖᡭࡃᩚὶࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔ㸬࢟ࢿࢩࣥ࡞࡝ࡢࣜࢽ࢔࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣ࣮ࣞࣝ࠿ࡽࡓࡲ࡟እࢀࡿࡀ㸪)࣮ࣔࢱ࣮
ࡣ㸪ᅛᐃᏊ࡜ᅇ㌿Ꮚࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓ≧ែࢆᖖ࡟ಖࡕ㸪Ᏻᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪௚ࡢᅇ㌿࣮ࣔࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔ࡢ࡭ࢇẟ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪㈇Ⲵ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᅛᐃᏊࡀືⓗ࡟⤖ྜ࣭⬺╔ࡋ࡚ࢺࣝࢡࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿࠕ࣮࢜ࢺ࣐ࠖ௙ᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⏕≀ࡢ㐀ࡾฟࡋࡓ⢭ᕦ࡞ᶵᵓ࡟ࡣᅽಽࡉࢀࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࢫࡢⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ
࣮࠿ࡽᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔἑᒣ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺ࡔ㸬[1] H. Noji, R. Yasuda, et al., Direct observation of the rotation of F 1-ATPase, Nature
386, 299-302, 1997[2] S. Toyabe et al., Thermodynamic efficiency and mechanochemical coupling of F 1ATPase, PNAS 108, 17951-6, 2011[3] S. Toyabe et al., Nonequilibrium Energetics of a Single
F1-ATPase Molecule, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 198103, 2010[4] T. Ariga, M. Tomishige, and D. Mizuno, Nonequilibrium Energetics of MolecularMotor Kinesin, arXiv:1704.05302 (2017)➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ



[5] S. Toyabe, H. Ueno, and E. Muneyuki, Recovery of state-specific potential ofmolecular motor from single-molecule trajectory, EPL 97, 40004, 2012㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ 㫽㇂㒊⚈୍㸧䠐䠊䠑㻌 㻮㼆 䝀䝹䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍㻌ᡃࠎ㸪ே㛫ࢆྵࡵࡓ⏕࿨యࡣ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮※࡛࠶ࡿ≀㉁ࢆศゎࡋࡓ᫬࡟ྲྀࡾฟ
ࡋࡓ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ຊᏛⓗ࡞࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ኚ᥮ࡋ࡚㥑ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪໬Ꮫⓗ࡞࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ෆ㒊࡛┤᥋ⓗ࡟ຊᏛⓗ࡞࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ኚ᥮ࡋ࡚㥑ືࡍࡿ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຠ⋡ࡀᴟࡵ࡚Ⰻ࠸ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡔ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆேᕤⓗ࡟సࡾฟࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ BZ ࢤࣝ࢔ࢡࢳࣗ
࢚࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢤࣝࡣ㧗ศᏊࡢ⥙┠୰࡟Ỉࢆከࡃෆໟࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢእ㒊่⃭ࡸ㸪ࢤࣝෆ㒊࡛㉳ࡇࡿ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྵỈ⋡ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⭾₶᫬࡜཰⦰᫬ࡢྵỈࡢኚ໬⋡ࡣ㸪ࢤࣝࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㧗ศᏊ㙐ࡢศᏊタィ࡟ࡼࡾࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢤࣝࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞እ㒊่⃭㸦 ᗘ㸪pH㸪
ග㸪㟁ሙ࡞࡝㸧࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ࠿㸪ࡲࡓෆ㒊࡛㉳ࡇࡿ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ᶵᵓ࡛⭾₶࡜཰⦰ࢆࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࢤࣝࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㧗ศᏊ㙐ࡢศᏊタィḟ➨࡛Ỵᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬BZ ࢤࣝ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡣ㸪ࢤࣝෆ㒊࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ
Ỉࢆ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂሙ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋ㸪⏕యࡢࡼ࠺࡟እ㒊ࡢ่⃭࡟ࡼࡽࡎ⭾₶཰⦰㐠ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
BZ ࢤࣝ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡀ⮬ບ᣺ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡢࡣ㸪BelousovZhabotinsky㸦BZ㸧཯ᛂ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ᣺ື཯ᛂࢆࢤࣝෆ㒊࡛㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟
㉳ᅉࡍࡿ㸬BZ ཯ᛂࡣ㸪⮯⣲㓟ࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘࡞࡝ࡢ㓟໬๣㸪࣐ࣟࣥ㓟࡞࡝ࡢ᭷ᶵ
㓟㸪◪㓟ࡸ◲㓟࡞࡝ࡢᙉ㓟࡜ࣝࢸࢽ࣒࢘ࣅࣆࣜࢪࣥ㘒య࡞࡝ࡢ㔠ᒓ㘒యࢆΰྜ䠐䠊䠑㻌 㻮㼆 䝀䝹䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ᣺ື཯ᛂࡣ㸪㔠ᒓゐ፹ࡢ⮬ບⓗ࡞㓟໬཯ᛂ࡜㑏ඖ཯ᛂࡢ࿘ᮇⓗ࡞Ⰽኚ໬࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚㸪☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬BZ ࢤࣝ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ
ࡣ㸪BZ ཯ᛂࡢ㔠ᒓゐ፹࡛࠶ࡿࣝࢸࢽ࣒࢘ࣅࣆࣜࢪࣥ㘒యࢆ㧗ศᏊ୺㙐ࡢ୰࡟ྵࢇ࡛࠾
ࡾ㸪
BZ ཯ᛂ୰࡛ゐ፹㒊఩ࡀ࿘ᮇⓗ࡟㓟໬≧ែ࡜㑏ඖ≧ែ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ㔠ᒓゐ፹㒊఩ࡢ࿘ᮇⓗ࡞ኚ໬ࡢ㐣⛬࡛㸪㔠ᒓゐ፹㒊఩ࡢỈ࡜ࡢぶ࿴ᛶࡀ࿘ᮇⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࢺ࣮ࣜ࢞࡜࡞ࡾࢤࣝࡢ⭾₶⋡ࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿ㸬ࢤࣝෆ㒊࡛㉳ࡇࡿ BZ ཯ᛂࢆ㥑ື※࡜ࡋ࡚㸪BZ ࢤࣝ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡣእ㒊ไᚚࡸ㟁※ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡏࡎ㸪౛࠼ࡤࢩ࣮ࣕࣞࡢ୰࡟ධࢀࢀࡤᚰ➽⣽⬊ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⭾₶࡜཰⦰㐠ືࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ㸬㥑ື㏿ᗘࡣ㸪 ᗘࡸ BZ ᇶ㉁⃰ᗘ㸦⮯⣲㓟ࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘ࡸ࣐ࣟࣥ㓟࡞࡝ࡢ⃰ᗘ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛㸪⌧≧࡛ࡣ
᭱኱࡛ 2Hz㸦1 ⛊㛫 2 ᅇ㸧ࡢ᣺ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦➽⫗ࡣ 10Hz ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ฟࡏࡿ㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪BZ ࢤࣝ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡣ኱ࡁࡃࡋ࡚ࡶ㥑ືࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪➽⫗ྠᵝ࡟ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝᬑ㐢ᛶࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ㸦1
ੈ 3 ௨ୗ㸧ࡋ࡚ࡶ㥑ືࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦㐣ཤࡢ◊✲࡛㸪ศᏊ୍ᮏ࡛ࡶ㥑ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞฼Ⅼࢆά࠿ࡋ࡚㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰୰ࡢ
ᾮయࢆ㏦ᾮࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣏ࣥࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰ෆ㒊࡛㗪ᆺࢆ⏝࠸ࡎࢤࣝࢆྜᡂࡍࡿᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓྜᡂᢏ⾡ࡢ
㛤Ⓨࡶ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬BZ ࢤࣝ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱࡣ㸪㟁※ࡸእ㒊ไᚚ⿦⨨ࡀᚲ
せ࡞࠸฼Ⅼࢆά࠿ࡋ࡚㸪ሙᡤࢆ㑅ࡤࡎ฼⏝ྍ⬟࡞ศᯒࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬ࡢά⏝ࡸ㸪኱✵ࢆ㣕ࡪࡣࡤࡓࡁᆺࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢືຊ※࡞࡝࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢά⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

[1] T. Ishiwatari, et al., J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 22, 2699–2704 (1984).
[2] R. Yoshida et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (21), 5134-5135 (1996).
[3] Y. Hara et al., J. Phys. Chem.B 118(2), 634-638 (2014).
[4] Y. Hara et al., J. Phys. Chem.B 118(24), 6931-6936 (2014).
[5] Y. Hara et al., Chem. Lett. 43(6), 6931-6936 (2014).
[6] Y. Ito et al., J. Phys. Chem.B 110(11), 5170-5173 (2006).
[7] Y. Hara et al., J. Phys. Chem.B 117(46), 14351-14357 (2013).

㸦⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ ཎ 㞝௓㸧
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䠐䠊䠒㻌 ↓ᶵ⤖ᬗ䛾䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍䞊䠐䠊䠒㻌 ↓ᶵ⤖ᬗ䛾䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍䞊㻌 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ≀⌮ⓗ࡟ື࠿ࡍࡓࡵࡢ㒊ရ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࠖ
࡟ࡣ㸪ࢤࣝࡢ⭾₶཰⦰ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡸ㸪࢟ࢿࢩࣥ࡞࡝ࡢ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆὶ⏝ࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡞࡝ࡀ㸪⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ୺࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗ
ࢱ࣮࡟ࡣ㸪㏿࠸㏿ᗘ㸪኱ࡁ࡞ࢺࣝࢡ㸪኱ࡁ࡞ኚ఩㸪␗᪉ᛶ㸪⪏ஂᛶ㸪࡞࡝ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᛶ⬟ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⌧Ꮡࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ࢔
ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡀ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᛶ⬟ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࣈ࣮ࣞࢡࢫ࣮ࣝࡢ
ྍ⬟ᛶࡀᗈࡀࡿ㸬ᮏࢥ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪↓ᶵᒙ≧⤖ᬗ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ≀㉁ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ㸪୍㢼ኚࢃࡗࡓ࢔ࢡࢳࣗ
࢚࣮ࢱ࣮ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬㻌 ↓ᶵᒙ≧⤖ᬗ࡜ࡣ㸪ᴟⷧࡢ↓ᶵ⤖ᬗ㸦ࢼࣀࢩ࣮ࢺ㸧ࡀ✚ᒙࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢼࣀࢩ࣮ࢺࡢཌࡉࡣ 1 nm ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪1mm ࡢཌࡉࡢᒙ
≧⤖ᬗࡢ୰࡟ࡣ࡞ࢇ࡜ 100 ୓ᯛࡶࡢࢼࣀࢩ࣮ࢺ
ࡀ✚ᒙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᒙ≧⤖ᬗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㞼ẕࡸࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪௚࡟ࡶᵝࠎ࡞ࡶࡢࢆྜᡂࡋࡓࡾ㸪ኳ↛࠿ࡽ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ࡑࡢ୰࡛㸪ᒙ≧㕲ࢳࢱࣥ㓟࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ≀㉁ࡀ㠃ⓑ࠸ᛶ㉁ࢆ♧ࡍ஦ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ≀㉁ࡣ㸪㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ീ㸦ᅗ㸯a㸧࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ཌࡉᩘμm㸪ᖜᩘ༑ μ㹫࡯࡝ࡢᯈ≧⤖ᬗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᬗࢆỈ࡟ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࢀ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ࢪ࣓ࢳࣝ࢔࣑ࣀ࢚ࢱ
ࣀ࣮ࣝ㸦DMAE㸧࡜࠸࠺ヨ⸆ࢆഹ࠿࡟ຍ࠼ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰a-e㸧㸬ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᯈ≧ࡔࡗࡓ⤖ᬗࡀ୍▐ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟㸪࢔ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕࢜ࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡟୍ḟඖⓗ࡟⭾ࡽࢇࡔ㸬ࡇࡢ㛫㸪ࢃࡎ࠿ 1 ⛊ࡶ࠿࠿ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡇࡢ⭾ࡽࢇࡔ⤖ᬗ࡟ሷ㓟ࢆຍ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪௒ᗘࡣ㸪ࡲࡓ୍▐ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟㸪ඖࡢᯈ≧⤖ᬗ࡟ᡠࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰e-g㸧㸬 ᑠゅ㹖⥺ᩓ஘࡜࠸࠺᪉ἲ࡛ㄪ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜⣙ 1 nm ࡢ㛫㝸࡛✚ᒙࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢼࣀࢩ࣮ࢺࡢ㛫㝸ࡀ㸪⭾ࡽࢇࡔ≧ែ࡛ࡣ㸪⣙ 90 nm ࡟ࡲ࡛ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚

ᅗ㸯ᒙ≧㕲ࢳ ࢱࣥ㓟ࡢ(a)㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ീ࡜㸪(b)⭾₶๓ᚋ࡛ࡢᵓ㐀ᶍᘧᅗࢫ ࢣ ࣮ ࣝ ࣂ ࣮ ࡣ 10μm 㸬(Reprinted

from

Commun. 2013 [2])Nature➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

ਦ̐ ૜য়రονϱ࢐݃ধ͹Ն‫ٱ‬ద͵୉ร‫ܙ‬͹‫ݨ‬ඏ‫ࡱ؏ں‬(a)ͺ࠹ॵ͹য়ସɿ(b)-(e)ͺ DMAE Ν೘Ηͱ͖Δ 0.33~16.4 භ‫ޛ‬͹รԿɿ͠ΔͶɾͨ͹‫ ޛ‬HCl
ΝՅ͓Ζͳɾ(f)0.53~3.8 භ‫ݫͲޛ‬Ͷ໯Ζɿηίʖϩώʖͺ 100Иmɿ㸦5HSULQWHGIURP1DWXUH&RPPXQ>@ʥ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 1b㸧㸬ࡇࡢኚ໬ࡢ๭ྜࡣ㸪⤖ᬗ඲యࡢኚᙧࡢ๭ྜ࡜ᑐ
ᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪DMAE ࡀ኱㔞ࡢỈࢆᘬࡁ㐃ࢀ࡚඲࡚ࡢᒙ㛫࡟ධࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡔࡅᒙ࡜ᒙࡢ㛫ࡀᗈࡀࡿ࡜㸪⤖ᬗࡣቯࢀ࡚ࢼࣀࢩ
࣮ࢺࡀࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡟ศᩓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡀࣂࣛࣂࣛ࡟࡞ࡽ
ࡎ࡟࢔ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕࢜ࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ≧ࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟⌋ࡋ࠸㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸪㏿ࡃ࡚㸪኱ࡁࡃ㸪㸯ḟඖⓗ࡞ᙧࡢኚ໬ࢆ࠺ࡲࡃ฼⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡇࡢ≀㉁ࡣᅛ࠸↓ᶵ≀㉁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⪏ஂᛶࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ㕲ࢳࢱࣥ㓟௨እ࡟ࡶ㸪㢮ఝࡢᣲືࢆ♧ࡍ⣔ࡀᗄࡘ࠿ぢࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡢヲ⣽ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ[3]-[5]㸬௒ᚋࡢᛂ⏝◊✲ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬[1] ᪥ᮏ໬Ꮫ఍⦅ࠕ஧ḟඖ≀㉁ࡢ⛉Ꮫ: ࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥ࡞࡝ࡢศᏊࢩ࣮ࢺࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡍ᪂ୡ⏺(CSJ ࢝ࣞࣥࢺࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ25 ) ࠖ㸪໬Ꮫྠே㸪2017[2] Geng, F. et al. Reversible, Instant, and Unusually Stable ~100-Fold Swelling of
Inorganic Layered Materials. Nature Commun. 4:1632, 2013.
[3] Geng, F. et al. Gigantic Swelling of Inorganic Layered Materials: A Bridge to
Molecularly Thin Two-Dimensional Nanosheets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, pp.
5491–5500, 2014.
[4] Song, Y. et al. Accordion-like swelling of layered perovskite crystals via massive䠐䠊䠒㻌 ↓ᶵ⤖ᬗ䛾䜰䜽䝏䝳䜶䞊䝍䞊permeation of aqueous solutions into 2D oxide galleries. Chem. Commun. 51,
pp.17068-17071, 2015.
[5] Song, Y. et al. Massive hydration-driven swelling of layered perovskite niobate
crystals in aqueous solutions of organo-ammonium bases. Dalton Trans. 47, pp.
3022-3028, 2018.
㸦⚟ᒸᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᐑඖᒎ⩏㸧䠐䠊䠓㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䜢౑䜟䛺䛔ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖㻌㻌 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ '1$ ࡸ '1$ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪᭱㏆ '1$ ࢆ඲ࡃ౑ࢃ࡞࠸ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡀሗ
࿌ࡉࢀࡓ>@㸬࣏࣡ࣥࢵࢺࡢ㐃⥆ⓗ࡞᧯స࡟ࡼࡾ㸪DE୙㣬࿴࢔ࣝࢹࣄࢻ࡟ᑐ
ࡍࡿࢳ࣮࢜ࣝ࡜࢔ࣝࢣࣥࡢ௜ຍ཯ᛂࡢ❧యつ๎ᛶࡢไᚚࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢ࡛
ࡁࡿࠕୡ⏺ึࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢᴫ␎ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࡔ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧㸬 㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓᵓ㐀య㸦㸧ࡣ㸪๛┤࡞ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡟㓄ࡉࢀࡓ S+ ౫Ꮡᛶࡢᅇ㌿ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ㸦⥳Ⰽ㒊㸧ࢆ୰ኸ࡟ࡶࡕ㸪ࡑࡢ୧ഃ࡟ࡣ㸪άᛶ㒊఩࡜ࡋ࡚஫࠸࡟
㙾ീయ࡜࡞ࡿࣉࣟࣜࣀ࣮ࣝࢩ࢚࣮ࣜࣝࢸࣝ㸦㟷Ⰽ㒊㸧ࡀ㸪㸰ࣘࢽࢵࢺ⤖ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅇ㌿ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࡢඛ࡟ࡣᇶ㉁㸦⤖ྜ㒊఩࣭㉥Ⰽ㒊㸧ࢆ⤖ྜࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢔
࣮࣒ࡀࡘ࡙ࡃ㸬ᅗ  ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢᇶᮏᵓ㐀>@ ୍㐃ࡢ཯ᛂࡣࡲࡎ㸪ࢡࣟࢫ࢜ࣞࣇ࢕࣓ࣥࢱࢭࢩࢫ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࢔࣮࣒࡟࢚ࢫࢸࣝ
⤖ྜ࡛ᑟධࡉࢀࡓᇶ㉁⤖ྜ㒊఩࡟㸪࢔ࢭࢱ࣮ࣝಖㆤࡉࢀࡓDE୙㣬࿴࢔ࣝࢹ㸧㸬㓟࡟ࡼࡾ࢔ࢭࢱ࣮ࣝࢆ⬺ಖㆤࣄࢻࢆᑟධࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽࡣࡌࡲࡿ㸦ᅗ ࡋࡓᚋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㐣๫ࡢ㓟ࢆస⏝ࡉࡏࡿ࡜ᅇ㌿ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࡀᅇ㌿ࡋ㸪( + ࡜ =➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ + ࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ␗ᛶయࢆࡘࡃࡾศࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪཯ᛂࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆศᒱࡉࡏࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡘ࠸࡛㸪࣐࢖ࢣࣝ௜ຍ࡟ࡼࡿ 65 ࡢᑟධ㸪࢔ࣝࢻ࣮ࣝ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡿ
5 ࡢᑟධࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡶᅇ㌿ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࡢᅇ㌿ࢆ㐺ᐅࡣࡉࡳࡇࡴࡇ࡜
㸪 56 㸪 66 ࡛㸪㸲✀㢮ࡢࢪ࢔ࢫࢸ࣐࣮ࣞ࢜㸦 55 㸪 65 㸧ࡢ඲࡚ࡀࡘࡃࡾࢃࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸬཯ᛂ୰ࡢᅇ㌿཯ᛂࡢ཰⋡ࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ
㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛㸪⏘≀ࡢ❧యⓗ࡞⣧ᗘࡣ ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 እ㒊࠿ࡽ཯ᛂヨ⸆ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ✌ാࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⮬ᚊືస࡟ࡣࡲࡔከࡃࡢᕤኵࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࠕศᏊᶵᲔࠖ࠿ࡽࠕศᏊࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡬ࡢືࡁࡣ㸪᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡶὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡣࡌࡵࡓࡼ࠺ࡔ㸬ᅗ  ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖࡢືసࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ

[1] S. Kassem et al㸬 "Stereodivergent synthesis with a programmable molecularmachine", Nature 549, 7462, pp. 274-248, 2017.
㸦㛵す኱Ꮫ ⴱ㇂᫂⣖㸧䠑䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䛾኱㔞ྜᡂ䛸⎔ቃᛂ⟅ᛶ䝀䝹䜈䛾ᛂ⏝➨䠑❶㻌ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䛯䜑䛾ศᏊ⣲ᮦ㻌㻌䠑䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䛾኱㔞ྜᡂ䛸⎔ቃᛂ⟅ᛶ䝀䝹䜈䛾ᛂ⏝㻌 ࠕ'1$ ࢤࣝࠖࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡟㸪'1$ ࡢ┦⿵ⓗ஧ᮏ㙐ᙧᡂࢆࠕ≀⌮ⓗ࡞㸦㸻ྍ㏫࡞㸧ࠖ
ᯫᶫⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢤࣝࡢ୺ᡂศ㸦'1$ ஧㔜㙐ࡶࡋࡃࡣྜᡂ㧗ศᏊ㸧࡟ࡼࡿ㸱ḟඖࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪'1$ ࡢྜᡂ࡟㏻ᖖࡢ࣍ࢫ࣍ࣟ࢔࣑ࢲ࢖ࢺᅛ┦ྜᡂࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㏻ᖖࡣ PP ༢఩ࡢ࣑ࢽࢳࣗ࢔ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢࢤࣝࡀ◊✲࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪%RQRUD ࡽࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠕ3(*ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᾮ┦ '1$ ኱㔞ྜᡂἲࠖ>@ࢆά⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪'1$ ஧㔜㙐௨እࡢ≉Ṧᵓ㐀ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ㸪ࣂࣝࢡࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ '1$ ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௦⾲౛ࡀ㸪ࢢ࢔ࢽࣥሷᇶ㸲ศᏊ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ * ࢝ࣝࢸࢵࢺᵓ㐀ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓࠕࢢ࢔ࢽࣥᅄ
㔜㙐ࢤ࡛ࣝࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧>@ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪
ࠕ3(* ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ '1$ ᾮ┦኱㔞ྜᡂἲࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㹫3(* ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪୧ᮎ➃࡟ 2+ ᇶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㏻ᖖࡢᮍಟ㣭ࡢ 3(* ࢆᢸయ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ㸬ࢹ࢜࢟ࢩࢢ࢔ࣀࢩࣥ㸦G*㸧ᇶࡔࡅࢆ㸱ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㸲ሷᇶఙᙇࡍࢀࡤ㸪3(* ࡢ୧ᮎ➃࡟ G*
ࡀᑐ⛠ⓗ࡟⤖ྜࡋࡓ G*Q3(*G*Q ࢺࣜࣈࣟࢵࢡ」ྜయࢆ㸪ᐇ㦂ᐊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡶ
ᩘ༑ࢢ࣒ࣛ༢఩࡛ᚓ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬1Dࡸ . ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ⎔ቃ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣇ࣮ࢢࢫࢸ࢕࣮
ࣥሷᇶᑐ࡟ࡼࡾ㸲ศᏊࡢࢢ࢔ࢽࣥࡀ⎔≧ࡢ」ྜయࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪≉࡟ࢢ࢔ࢽࣥࡀ㸱ሷᇶ௨ୖ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
㓄ิ࡛ࡣ㸪㸲ᮏࡢ㙐ࡀ஫࠸࡟㸯ṧᇶࡎࡘࡢ ᅗ㸯 㹢*3(*G* 」ྜయ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ
ࢢ࢔ࢽࣥ㸲㔜㙐ࢤࣝ>@




➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦࢢ࢔ࢽࣥࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㠀ᖖ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞ᅄ㔜㙐ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ྠᵝ࡟㸪ZW
௨ୖࡢ⃰ᗘࡢ G*3(*G* ࡢỈ⁐ᾮ࡟ᩘ༑ P0 ࡢ 1Dࡸ .ࢆຍ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪⁐ᾮࡣ▐᫬࡟ᅛ໬ࡋ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟Ᏻᐃ࠿ࡘᙉᅛ࡞ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸬3(* ࡢᵓ㐀࡟ࡼࡾࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡢㅖ≉ᛶࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪㸲ศᒱᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘ 3(* ㄏᑟయࢆᢸయࢆ౑⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡿࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡣ ǀ& ௨ୖ࡟

ࡵ࡚ࡶ⼥ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗࠸Ᏻᐃᛶࡣ㸪ࢢ࢔ࢽࣥᅄ㔜㙐ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ஧ᮏ㙐࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚
Ᏻᐃ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼㸪'1$ ࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ⃰ᗘ࡟ࡋ࡚ ࠥ P0 ࡜࠸࠺㸪໬Ꮫྜᡂ'1$ ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㉸㧗⃰ᗘࡢ '1$ ⁐ᾮࢆㄪ〇࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ࡜
⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢᮦᩱࡢ᭱ࡶ≉➹ࡍ࡭ࡁᛶ㉁ࡣ㸪1Dࢆࢤࣝ໬ࡢࢺ࣮ࣜ࢞࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⏕⌮㣗ሷỈࡀ  P0 ࡢࢆ 1Dྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࣄࢺࡢయᾮ
ࡣከ࠿ࢀᑡ࡞࠿ࢀ 1Dࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡓ୰࡛ࡣ㸪⾑Ύ㸪ேᕤờᾮ㸪ᾦᾮ㸪ၚᾮࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡶయࡢ ǀ& ௨ୖ࡛ࡶᏳᐃ࡞ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡀ

ᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬'1$ ࡜ 3(* ࡢࡳ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㸪✲ᴟࡢయ࡟ࡸࡉࡋ࠸యෆᡴࡕ㎸ࡳᮦᩱ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ேᕤ࢖ࢡࣛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡃ⤂௓ࡉࢀࡿ࢔ࣝࢠࣥ㓟ࢤࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㔠ᒓ࢖࢜ࣥỈ⁐ᾮ࡟࣏࣐࣮ࣜ⁐ᾮࢆ⁲ୗࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᐜ᫆࡟ࢤࣝࣅ࣮ࢬࡶసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ࢤࣝࣅ࣮ࢬࢆ '1DVH ࢆྵࡴỈ⁐ᾮ୰࡟ຍ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪㓝⣲ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࡢࡳࣅ
࣮ࢬࡀᾘኻࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡢࢢ࢔ࢽࣥᅄ㔜㙐ࢤࣝࡣ⏕ศゎᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'1$ 㒊ࡢ G* ࡢ㐃⥆㓄ิࡢඛ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟㸳ሷᇶ⛬ᗘࡢ㸯ᮏ㙐ࢆఙᙇࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ㒊ศࢆ WRHKROG ࡜ࡍࡿ㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪୍ሷᇶࡢ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿཝᐦ
ࡉ࡛ࢤࣝࢆ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟ࢰࣝ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬'1$ ࡀᮏ᮶ࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࢖ࣥࢸ
ࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢺᛶࢆಖࡕࡘࡘ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࢢ࢔ࢽࣥᅄ㔜㙐ࡢྍ㏫ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⮬ᕫಟ᚟ᛶࡶවࡡഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜࠿ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ '1$ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕
ࣥࢢ㸪'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢศ㔝࡛⵳✚ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⭾኱࡞◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ㸪ࣂࣝࢡᮦᩱࡢୡ⏺࡟ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㉳⇿๣࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ࣏࣐࣮ࣜᕼⷧ᮲௳࡛ 1Dࢆຍ࠼ࢀࡤ⢏ᚄ  QP ⛬ᗘࡢࢼࣀࢤࣝ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ౑࠼ࡤ wP ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝࣅ࣮ࢬ໬࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿
ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࣏࣐࣮࣑ࣜࢭࣝྠᵝࡢ ''6 ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡸ㸪⣽⬊ ' ࣉࣜࣥࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢᇶᮦ➼࡜㸪་⒪ศ㔝࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡢ᳨ウࡶ᪤࡟ࡣࡌࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࢢ࢔ࢽࣥᅄ㔜㙐௨እ࡟ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ᰾㓟໬Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡼࡃ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ '1$ᅄ㔜㙐࡟LPRWLI ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪& ࡀ㐃⥆ࡋࡓ㓄ิ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ≉Ṧᵓ㐀࡛㸪ࢩࢺࢩࣥ࡜ࣉࣟࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋࡓࢩࢺࢩࣥ࡜ࡢ࠶࠸ࡔࡢ &̽&㠀ኳ↛ሷᇶᑐࡀ䠑䠊䠍㻌 㻰㻺㻭 䛾኱㔞ྜᡂ䛸⎔ቃᛂ⟅ᛶ䝀䝹䜈䛾ᛂ⏝ࡘࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᵓ㐀࠿ࡽண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝༙㔞ࡢࢩࢺࢩࣥ
ࡀࣉࣟࢺࢿ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡁࡿ S+㸲Ѹ㸳ࡢ㝈ࡽࢀࡓᙅ㓟ᛶ S+ 㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢࡳᙧᡂࡉࢀ
ࡿ㸪㗦ᩄ࡞ S+ ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢ LPRWLI ࡶ㸪3(* ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ '1$ ኱㔞ྜᡂἲ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢀࡤ㸪S+ ᛂ⟅ᛶࡢࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝ⣲ᮦ㸦LPRWLI ࢤࣝ㸧࡬࡜ᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧>@㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪3(* ࢆᢸయ࡜ࡋ࡚ G& ࢆ㸳ሷᇶ୧➃࡟ఙᙇࡋࡓ G&3(*G& ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢ G*3(*G* ྠᵝ࡟኱㔞ྜᡂࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ZW๓ᚋࡢỈ⁐ᾮࢆㄪ〇ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡢ⁐ᾮࡣᐊ࡛ࡣ S+̽ ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢࡳࢤࣝ໬ࡍࡿ㸬ࢤࣝ໬ࡣ᏶඲࡟ྍ㏫࡛࠶ࡾ㸪3(* ࡟ศᒱᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ຊᏛᙉᗘࡸࢤ
ࣝ໬ S+ 㡿ᇦ࡞࡝ࡢ≀ᛶࢆࡉࡽ࡟㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ LPRWLI ࢤࣝࡢᙧᡂ S+ 㡿ᇦࡣ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝Ύᾴ㣧ᩱỈࡸ㸪ࣄࢺࡢ೺ᗣ࡞⫙࡜࡯ࡰ㔜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡀ㛵ಀࡍࡿ⏘ᴗศ㔝࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᶍ⣴ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ਦ̐ ̵&3(*G& ෵߻ରͶΓͮͱ‫ܙ‬੔͠ΗΖ LPRWLI ΰϩ>@
[1] G. M. Bonora, S. Zaramella, F. M. Veronese, Biol. Proced. Online 1, pp. 59–69, 1998.
[2] S. Tanaka, et al. "Intelligent, biodegradable, and self-healing hydrogels utilizing DNA
quadruplexes", Chem. Asian J., 12, pp.2388-2392, 2017.
[3] S. Tanaka, et al. "Bulk pH Responsive DNA Quadruplex Hydrogels Prepared by LiquidPhase, Large-Scale DNA Synthesis", ACS Macro Lett., 7, pp.295-299, 2018.
㸦㛵す኱Ꮫ ⴱ㇂᫂⣖㸧䠑䠊䠎㻌 䠠䠪䠝䝀䝹䛸䛭䛾ᛂ⏝㻌
'1$ ࢆᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡘࡃࡿࠕศᏊ⣲ᮦࠖࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶ㸪⁐ᾮ୰࡟ '1$ ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣡
࣮ࢡࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓᵓ㐀ࡀ '1$ ࣁ࢖ࢻࣟ ࣄࢻࣟ ࢤ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᡭἲࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࠿ࡽ࣑ࣜ㸪ࢭࣥࢳ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ࡜࠸
ࡗࡓ࣓ࢰࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ࣐ࢡࣟࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ┤᥋ '1$ ศᏊ࠿ࡽࡘࡃ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬'1$ ศᏊࡢ≉ᛶࡸࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿᶵ⬟ࢆෆ㒊࡛ಖᣢ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦࡋࡘࡘࡶ㸪඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡀ┤᥋᧯సࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᵓ㐀ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ⣲ᮦ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬㻰㻺㻭 䝀䝹䛾タィ䛸స〇㻌 ᣢ⥆㛗ࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿ࠿࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝୗ࡛ࡣ㸪'1$ ࡣࡶࡣࡸࠕ๛┤࡞Წࠖ࡜࠸࠺㏆ఝ࡛ࡣᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪㧗ศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚᣺ࡿ⯙࠺㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪㧗ศᏊ໬Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࢤࣝࡢศ㢮࡟࡞ࡽ࠸㸪'1$ ࣁ࢖ࢻࣟࢤࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᯫᶫࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≀⌮ࢤࣝ࡜໬Ꮫࢤࣝࡢ㸰✀㢮࡟ศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㻌໬Ꮫࢤࣝ࡜ࡣ㸪ඹ᭷⤖ྜ࡛ᯫᶫࡉࢀࡓᵓᡂࡢࢤࣝࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍ㸬'1$ ࢤࣝࡢሙྜ㸪୍⯡࡟ࡇࢀࡣࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࣮࣋ࢫࡢタィ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬⢓╔ᮎ➃ࢆࡶࡗࡓ ; Ꮠࡸ < Ꮠ࡞࡝ࡢ '1$ ศᒱࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓࡢࡕ㸪㓝⣲ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜ࢞ࢮࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࣂࢵࢡ࣮࣎ࣥࢆ᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇྠኈࢆඹ
᭷⤖ྜ࡛ࡘ࡞࠸ࡔࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ㐀ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ ᅗ D >@㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྍ㏫ⓗ࡟ඹ᭷⤖ྜࡢࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࣥࢢࡀྍ⬟࡞ேᕤሷᇶࢆࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࢤࣝࢰࣝ໬ࢆ⾜࠼ࡿ '1$ ࢤࣝࡶ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢศ㢮ࡀ≀⌮ࢤ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㸬≀⌮ࢤࣝࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᯫᶫࡀඹ᭷⤖ྜ௨እ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆᣦࡍ㸬'1$ ࢤࣝࡢሙྜ㸪Ỉ⣲⤖ྜ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ≀⌮ⓗ࡞࠿ࡽࡳ࠶
࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ඛࡢ౛࡜㢮ఝࡋࡓࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚≀⌮ࢤࣝࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ>@㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪໬Ꮫࢤࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡟࣮ࣜ࢞ࢮ࡟ࡼࡿฎ⌮ࢆ⾜࡞ࢃࡎ㸪⢓╔ᮎ➃ࡢࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥࡢࡳ࡛ᯫᶫࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ྍ㏫ⓗ࡞ࢤࣝ໬ࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪'1$ ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪௚ࡢ㧗ศᏊ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚≀⌮ࢤࣝࢆసᡂࡋࡓ౛ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬୍᪉࡛㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ໬Ꮫྜᡂࡋࡓ '1$ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓୖグࡢ౛࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪㓝⣲཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚≀⌮ࢤࣝࢆసᡂࡍࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡶ࠶ࡿ ᅗ E >@㸬'1$ ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ
ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ㸪3KL'1$ ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㓝⣲ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢඃࢀࡓࣉࣟࢭࢵࢩ
ࣅࢸ࢕࡜ᙉຊ࡞㙐⨨᥮άᛶ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㛗㙐 '1$ ࢆ኱㔞࡟ྜᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽྠኈࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞⤡ࡳྜ࠸ࡸỈ⣲⤖ྜ࡟ࡼࡿᯫᶫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ
ሙ࡛ࢤࣝࢆࡘࡃࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠾࠾ࡲ࠿࡞ᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡁࢃࡵ࡚⡆౽࠿ࡘᏳ౯࡟㸪௵ពࡢ㓄ิࢆࡶࡘ '1$ ࢤࣝࡀసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
஧ᮏ㙐 '1$ ࡢᣢ⥆㛗ࡣ QP ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࣓ࢰࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡣᲬࡢ㏆ఝࡣᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠸㸬㓝⣲ࡢ⤖ྜ࠿ࡽゎ㞳ࡲ࡛࡟㐃⥆ࡋ࡚⾜࠼ࡿ཯ᛂࡢᗘྜ࠸㸬'1$ ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮࡢሙྜ㸪୍ᗘࡢ⤖ྜ࡟ࡘࡁ㸪࠸ࡃࡘࡢࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻࡀ '1$ ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀࡓ࠿㸦࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸㛗࠸ '1$ ࡀྜᡂࡉࢀࡓ࠿㸧࡛ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿ㸬䠑䠊䠎㻌 䠠䠪䠝䝀䝹䛸䛭䛾ᛂ⏝






ᅗ  '1$ ࣁ࢖ࢻࣟࢤࣝ



D㸧໬Ꮫࢤࣝ㸬ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ᥋⥆ࡋᵓ㐀ࢆࡘࡃࡿ㸬E㸧㓝⣲཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ≀⌮ࢤࣝ㸬⎔≧ࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ '1$ ࡜▷࠸ࣉࣛ࢖࣐࣮ ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ✀ᵓ㐀࠿ࡽ࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ཯ᛂࢆ㛤ጞࡋ㸪
㏵୰㸪
㏣ຍࡢࣉࣛ࢖࣐࣮ࡶຍ࠼㸪⤡ࡳྜࡗࡓ኱㔞ࡢ㛗㙐 '1$ ࢆྜᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢤࣝࢆࡘࡃࡿ㸬㻰㻺㻭 䝀䝹䛾ᛂ⏝㻌
'1$ ࢤࣝࡣ㸪ᢅ࠸ࡸࡍ࠸࣐ࢡࣟ࡞⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪ࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡳࡓ
࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ '1$ ࡜ྠࡌ஧ᮏ㙐㸦ࡶࡋࡃࡣ୍ᮏ㙐㸧ᵓ㐀ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ
ࡑࡢ≉ᚩ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ≉ᚩࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ᛂ⏝ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡢࡀ㸪ࢤࣝ࠿ࡽࡢ↓⣽⬊ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂ࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬࣮ࣜ࢞ࢮࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ࣉࣛࢫ࣑ࢻ࡞࡝㸪㑇ఏᏊ㓄ิࢆྵࡴ '1$ ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆࢤࣝࡢ୍㒊ศ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ⁐ᾮ࠿ࡽࡢྜᡂ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚
 ಸࡢຠ⋡࡛┠ⓗࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ⏕⏘࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ࢤࣝ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᵓ㐀ࡢಖㆤࡸ⃰ᗘୖ᪼㸪ᣑᩓಀᩘࡢపୗ࡟ࡼࡿ㌿෗཯ᛂࡢຠ⋡ྥୖ㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓ」ᩘࡢせᅉࡀࡇࢀ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶ㊰ࢆࡘ࠿࠸㸪Ἔ୰Ỉ⁲ࡢ࡞࠿࡛సᡂࡋࡓᆒ୍ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ '1$࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢤࣝࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆྜᡂ㸪࡛ࡁ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆࡑࡢࢤࣝෆ࡟ᤕ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪'1$ ࢤࣝࢆ፹య࡜ࡋ࡚㑇ఏᏊᆺ࡜⾲⌧ᆺࡢ㸯ᑐ㸯ᑐᛂࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ⣔ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ ' ࣉࣜࣥࢺᢏ⾡࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸪'1$ ࢤࣝࢆࡑࡢሙ࡛௵ពࡢᙧ≧࡟ᙧᡂࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡶ㛤Ⓨࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬ࡲࡓ㸪་⸆௨እࡢ௚ศ㔝ᛂ⏝ࢆぢᤣ࠼㸪౛࠼ࡤᘓ⠏ᮦᩱ࡟ศᏊ
࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᝟ሗࡸᶵ⬟ࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡ⣲ᮦ
࡟ '1$ ࢤࣝࢆሬᕸࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓヨ⾜ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀࡣࡌࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬'1$ ࢤࣝ࡟ࡣ㸪࣐ࢡࣟ࡞ᵓ㐀࡜㸪ศᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᶵ⬟࡜࠸࠺㸪ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢆࡲ
ࡓ࠸ࡔࡩࡓࡘࡢഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ౛࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡇࡢ୧⪅ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ຠᯝⓗ࡟㐃ືࡉࡏࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ௒ᚋࡢᛂ⏝ࡢ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ேᕤⓗ࡟ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅࢤࣝᆺࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡩࡓࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢆ≀⌮ⓗ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ
'1$ ࢤࣝࡣᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬    ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ

[1]

S. H. Um et al. Enzyme-catalysed assembly of DNA hydrogel, Naturematerials, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 797–801, Oct. 2006.
[2]

D. Kandatsu et al. Reversible Gel–Sol Transition of a Photo‐Responsive DNA

Gel, Chembiochem, 17, 12, pp. 1118–1121, Jun. 2016.
[3]

Y. Xing et al. Self-Assembled DNA Hydrogels with Designable Thermal andEnzymatic Responsiveness, Adv. Mater., 23, 9, pp. 1117–1121, Dec. 2010.
[4]

S. Nagahara and T. Matsuda, Hydrogel formation via hybridization ofoligonucleotides derivatized in water-soluble vinyl polymers, Polymer Gels andNetworks, 4, 2, pp. 111–127, 1996.
[5]

J. B. Lee et al. A mechanical metamaterial made from a DNA hydrogel,

Nature Nanotechnology, 7, 12, pp. 816–820, 2012.
[6]

N. Park et al. A cell-free protein-producing gel, Nature materials, 8, 5, pp.

432–437, 2009.
[7]

N. Park et al. High-yield cell-free protein production from P-gel, Nat Protoc.,

4, 12, pp. 1759-1770, 2009.
[8] J. Kahn et al. DNA Microgels as a Platform for Cell-Free Protein Expression and
Display, Biomacromolecules, 17, 6, pp. 2019-2026, 2016.
[9]

C. Li et al., Rapid Formation of a Supramolecular Polypeptide–DNA

Hydrogel for In Situ Three‐Dimensional Multilayer Bioprinting, Angew. Chem. Int.
Ed., 54, 13, pp. 3957-3961, 2015.
[10] D. Rossenwasser et al. POLYBRICK 3.0: Live Signatures Through DNA
Hydrogels and Digital Ceramics, Journal of Rapid Manufacturing, 7, 2-3, pp. 203218, 2018.
 㸦ࢥ࣮ࢿࣝ኱Ꮫ ὾⏣┬࿃㸧䠑䠊䠏㻌 ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟㻌 㻌 㻌 DNA ࡣ࢔ࢹࢽࣥ(A)㸪ࢳ࣑ࣥ(T)㸪ࢢ࢔ࢽࣥ(G)㸪ࢩࢺࢩࣥ(C)ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢሷᇶ࠿
ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࣡ࢺࢯࣥࢡࣜࢵࢡ๎࡟ᚑ࠸஧ᮏ㙐ᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[1]㸬
ࡑࢀࡽࢆ㓄ิタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝไᚚࡉࢀࡓ DNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యᵓ⠏[2]ࡸศᏊィ⟬[3]ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪100 ሷᇶ⛬ᗘࡢ DNA 㙐ࡣ໬Ꮫྜᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௵ពࡢ㓄ิࢆᐜ᫆࡟ධᡭ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ኳ↛࡟ࡣᏑ䠑䠊䠏㻌 ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟㻌 㻌 ᅾࡋ࡞࠸ᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡗࡓᶵ⬟ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᪂ࡓ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆ DNA ࡟௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪᰾㓟㢮ࡢ᧯స᳨࣭ฟ࣭ไᚚ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ
ほⅬ࠿ࡽ᭷⏝࡞ேᕤ᰾㓟ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉࡟㸪ග࡟ࡼࡾไᚚྍ⬟࡞ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡣග↷ᑕࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡸ఩⨨࡟ࡼࡾ཯ᛂࢆ᫬✵㛫ⓗ࡟᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ගᛂ⟅⬟ࢆ௜୚ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᮃࡳࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࣭఩⨨࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᵝࠎ࡞ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿⤂௓ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ
࡟㸪⌧ᅾ㸪⸨ᮏ◊✲ᐊ࡛㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᰾㓟㢮᧯సἲࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬
 Psoralen ࡣྂࡃ࠿ࡽ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿගᛂ⟅⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿศᏊ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪DNA ୰ࡢࢳ࣑ࣥ࡜⣸እග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ[2+2]ග⎔໬཯ᛂࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ගᯫᶫࡍࡿࡇ࡜ྍ⬟࡛࠶
ࡿ(ᅗ㸯)[4]㸬DNA ྜᡂᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎ࡟క࠸㸪ࢯࣛࣞࣥㄏᑟయࢆ DNA 㙐୰ࡢ௵ពࡢ఩⨨࡟ᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞࢔ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ග่⃭࡟ࡼࡾ DNA ࡶࡋࡃࡣ RNA ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⤖ྜ⬟ࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡓࡵ㸪࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫ᰾㓟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟໬[5]ࡸ DNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡢᏳᐃᛶไᚚ[6]࡞࡝࡟ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࢔ࢰ࣋ࣥࢮࣥࡣ 300 nm – 400 nm ࡢἼ㛗ࡢග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢺࣛࣥࢫయ࠿ࡽࢩࢫ
య࡬㸪400 nm ௨ୖࡢග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾࢩࢫయ࠿ࡽࢺࣛࣥࢫయ࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡍࡿࣘࢽ࣮
ࢡ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᅗ㸰)[7]㸬ࢺࣛࣥࢫయ࡛ࡣᖹ㠃ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ
DNA ࡟࢔ࢰ࣋ࣥࢮࣥࢆᤄධࡋࡓሙྜࡶ DNA ஧ᮏ㙐ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬
T

T

hv
Psoralenᅗ 1 ࢯࣛࣞࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ DNA ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ
୍᪉㸪ࢩࢫయࡣ❧యⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪DNA ࡟ᑟධሙྜ࡟ࡣ❧యⓗ࡞㞀ᐖࡢࡓࡵ㸪஧ᮏ㙐ࢆᙧᡂฟ᮶࡞࠸[8]㸬ࡇࡢᛶ㉁ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪ග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿ஧
ᮏ㙐ᙧᡂ⬟ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪」ᩘᅇࡢග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿྍ㏫ⓗ࡞஧ᮏ㙐ᙧᡂࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᮏᢏ⾡ࡣศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱࡢගไᚚ[9]ࡸ DNA ࢼࣀᵓ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ㐀ࡢගไᚚ[10]ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ࡚࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞
࠸ࢶ࣮ࣝࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
λ*<*400*nm
λ*>*400*nmᅗ 2 ࢔ࢰ࣋ࣥࢮࣥࡢග␗ᛶ໬ ᡃࠎࡣගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟࡛࠶ࡿ 3-cyanovinylcarbazole(CNVK)ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪
CNV

K ࢆྵࡴ࢜ࣜࢦ DNA(ODN)ࡣᩘ⛊ࡢග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ┦⿵ⓗ DNA ࡶࡋࡃࡣRNA ୰ࡢࣆ࣑ࣜࢪࣥሷᇶ࡜ගᯫᶫࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ(ᅗ 3)[10]㸬ࢳ࣑ࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚㸪366 nm ࡢග↷ᑕࢆ㸯⛊⾜࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪90%⛬ᗘ཯ᛂࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪312 nm ࡢගࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾග㛤⿣཯ᛂࢆㄏ㉳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ග↷ᑕ᫬ࡢἼ㛗࡟ࡼࡾගᯫᶫ཯ᛂࢆྍ㏫ⓗ࡟᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶⣲Ꮚ࡜ẚ࡭㸪㧗࠸ග཯ᛂᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪CNVK ≉᭷ࡢ≉ᚩࡶぢࡘ࠿ࡾ
ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬
(a)

(b)
O

H O
N
N

O

C
N

CNVK

N

H
N

O
N
CN

N

ᅗ㸱 CNVK ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ(a)ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟 (b)ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂࢫ࣮࣒࢟
ྠࡌࡃᙜ◊✲ᐊ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ 5-Carboxyvinyldeoxyuridine(CVU)ࡣ CNVK ࡜ࡣ␗࡞
ࡾ㸪DNA ஧ᮏ㙐㛫ࢆ㐃⤖ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㞄ࡾྜ࠺ࣆ࣑ࣜࢪࣥ࡜ගᯫᶫࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ(ᅗ㸲)[12]㸬࣮ࣜ࢞ࢮ࡜࠸࠺㓝⣲࡜ྠᵝࡢᶵ⬟ࢆග࡛ไᚚ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ 1 ศ⛬ᗘࡢග↷ᑕ࡛᏶஢ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪stilbazole[13]ࡸ anthracene[14]࡞࡝ࡢගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᙜ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᰾㓟㢮ࡢග᧯సࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪≉࡟ CNVK ࡞࡝ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㉸㧗㏿ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ(Ultra-Fastphoto-Cross-linkinh: UFC)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ග่⃭࡟ࡼࡾ DNA ࡸ RNA ࡞䠑䠊䠏㻌 ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟㻌 㻌 




(a)

(b)
CONH2

CVU

ᅗ 4. CVU ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓගࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡝ࡢ᰾㓟㢮ࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶㸪㓝⣲ࢆ⏝࠸㸪DNA
ྠኈࡢ㐃⤖㸪ษ᩿㸪ቑᖜ࡞࡝ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⮳㐺᮲௳ࡢ᭱㐺໬㸪㓝⣲ࡢኻά࡞࡝ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚᭱㐺໬ࡉࢀࡓ᮲௳ 㓝⣲࡟ῧ௜ࡉࢀ
ࡓ EXIIHU ౑⏝᫬ ࡛ࡢ౑⏝࡟ไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᰾㓟㢮᧯సἲࡣձᖜᗈ࠸᮲௳ୗ࡛฼⏝ྍ⬟㸪ղ㧗࠸᧯సᛶ ᫬✵㛫ไᚚ㸪↷ᑕ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭Ἴ㛗 㸪ճ㓝⣲ἲ࡜ࡶ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏྍ⬟࡜࠸ࡗࡓ฼Ⅼࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ᧯సᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿୖ࡛᭷⏝࡞ࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬≉࡟ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡣ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫࡢ▱㆑ࢆᇶ࡟㸪タィ࣭ྜᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᵓ㐀ࡸ⨨᥮ᇶࡢഹ࠿࡞㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ཯ᛂᛶࡣ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪タィḟ➨࡛ࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᶵ⬟࣭཯ᛂᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ㐀ࡾฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ  ࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ  ✀㢮ࡢගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡣ㢮ఝࡢᵓ㐀ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪᭱ࡶ㏿࠸ࡶࡢ࡜㐜࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ୍ḟ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘ࡟ࡋ࡚  ಸ㏆࠸ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬&19. ྠᵝࢩ࢔ࣀࣅࢽࣝ࢝ࣝࣂࢰ࣮ࣝ
㦵᱁ࢆ᭷ࡋࡘࡘ㸪࣮ࣜ࣎ࢫ㒊ศࢆ D-ࢺࣞ࢜ࢽࣀ࣮ࣝ࡟ኚ᭦ࡋࡓ CNVD[15]ࡣࣜ
࣮࣎ࢫࡼࡾࡶ⮬⏤ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂࢆ㧗㏿໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ࡑࡢ␗ᛶయ࡛࠶ࡿ L-ࢺࣞ࢜ࢽࣀ࣮ࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ CNVL ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ
ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࢆ㐜ࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௚㸪Ⅳ⣲㙐ࢆ▷ࡃࡋࡓ CNVGr,
CNV

Gs ࡛ࡣᯫᶫ㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶㓝⣲ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞

཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⢭ᐦ࡞ไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢྛᶵ⬟ࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽศᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⢭ᐦ࡞ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡾྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿᛂ⏝౛ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࡢගไᚚ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ౛ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸㸬⏕యศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᝟ሗฎ⌮ᶵᵓࡢᵓ⠏ࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ኱ࡁ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࢆᢸ࠺ศᏊ
࡜ࡋ࡚ DNA ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⌧ᅾ㓝⣲ࢆ⏝࠸࡞࠸ᵝࠎ࡞ㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡀሗ࿌ࡉ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ㹙ࢢࣜࢩࢻ࣮ࣝ㹛

C
N

C
N

N

CN

N

O
H
O

CN

O

N
H

H
O

O
H

N

HO

N
H
O
H

N

HO

OH

OH

ᅗ㸳 ཯ᛂᛶࡢ␗࡞ࡿගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࣛ࢖ࣈ࣮ࣛࣜ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬AND gate[16]ࡸቑᖜᅇ㊰[17]㸪Seesaw gate[18]ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ẚ㍑ⓗ኱つᶍ࡞ࡶࡢࡲ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ࡶࡢࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽᅇ㊰ࡣ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࢆ
⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࡣ Toehold ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜ branch migration ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿከẁ㝵ࡢᖹ⾮཯ᛂ࡟ࢃࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪branch migration ࡀ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࡢ࣎ࢺࣝࢿࢵࢡ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᅗ 6a)㸬ࡑࡇ࡟ගᯫᶫ

Passenger

X

X

Passenger

100*

X

X

X

Template

100+1600+mW*[%]

1.00E+02*

800+mW80+
8.00E+01*

UV(+)

60+
6.00E+01*

160+mW40+
4.00E+01*

0+mW

20*

2.00E+01*
20+

࠙ྜᡂ⤒㊰

0*

0.00E+00*
0+

UV(?)

60*
40*

0*

2*

4*

6*

*[

T +[ ]

(d)

8*

10*

T,*U,*FU,*
TFT,*CNU

5’

3’
CNVK
CNVK

UV(?)

⌧

ᅾࡢྜᡂ

㹙࢝ࣝ࣎ࢽࣝ㹛
0*
0+

50*
2+

100*
4+

150*6+]

T

3’

Invader

X

(c)

UV(+)

80*

*[%]

X
X

×

X

Template(b)

366*nmX/%(a) Invader

࠙ྜᡂ⤒㊰

⌧

ᅾࡢྜᡂ

㹙࢝ࣝ࣎ࢽࣝ㹛*[/ ]≧200*8+≧

ἣࠚ

250* 10+ 300*ἣࠚ㹙ࢢࣜࢩࢻ࣮ࣝ㹛

CNVD

CNVGs

CNVL

CNVGr

5’

*

㹙ࢢࣜࢩࢻ࣮ࣝ㹛ᅗ㸴 ㉸㧗㏿ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ(UFC)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ DNA
㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㏿ᗘไᚚ(a) DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ (b) ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡿ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࡢຍ㏿ (c) ග↷ᑕ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ࡼ
ࡿ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘไᚚ (d) ᯫᶫ⣲Ꮚࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡼࡿ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࡢ⢭ᐦไᚚ䠑䠊䠏㻌 ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟㻌 㻌 ཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㏫཯ᛂࢆ㜼ᐖࡋ㸪branch migration ࢆຍ㏿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏගᯫᶫ཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࢆ 21 ಸຍ㏿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᅗ 6b)[19]㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࡣྛ⇕ຊᏛࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡀㄪ࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣගᯫᶫ⣲Ꮚࡢගᯫᶫ㏿ᗘࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑࡢຍ㏿ຠᯝࢆண࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡶぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᅗ 6c)㸬ᮏࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪

ගᯫᶫ㏿ᗘࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪ග↷ᑕ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡸගᯫᶫ⣲Ꮚࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ(ᅗ 6d)㸬 ࡉࡽ࡟ UFC ࡟ࡼࡾྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ࢔ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ග໬Ꮫⓗ⬺࢔࣑ࣀ໬཯ᛂࢆㄏ㉳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㏻ᖖࢩࢺࢩࣥ࠿ࡽ࢘ࣛࢩࣝ࡬ࡢኚ
᥮࡟ࡣᩘⓒᖺࡢᖺ᭶ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᅗ㸵࡟♧ࡋࡓᵝ࡟㉸㧗㏿ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪3 ᫬㛫ࡢ 90°C ຍ⇕࡛཯ᛂࢆㄏ㉳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ[20]㸬
㏆ᖺὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟ᢏ⾡࡞࡝࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ሷᇶኚ᥮ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚㑇ఏᏊ἞⒪࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪90°C ຍ⇕ࡣ⏕యෆ࡛ࡣ฼⏝୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⏕యෆᛂ⏝ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᶆⓗ࡜࡞ࡿࢩࢺࢩࣥ࿘㎶ᵓ㐀ࡢ᭱㐺໬࡟ࡼࡾ 37°C ࡛ࡢ⬺࢔࣑ࣀ໬཯
ᛂ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ[21]㸬ࢩࢺࢩࣥࡢᑐྜሷᇶ࡜ࡋ࡚࢖ࣀࢩࣥ[22]㸪ගᯫᶫ⣲Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚ぶỈᛶࡢ⨨᥮ᇶ[23]ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿගᯫᶫ⣲Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ࡟⬺࢔࣑ࣀ໬཯ᛂࡀ
14 ಸຍ㏿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ཯ᛂࡣ࿘㎶ᵓ㐀ࡢ໬Ꮫᵓ㐀ࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡟ࡼࡾ 37°C ࡛ࡢ⬺࢔࣑ࣀ໬཯ᛂ࡟ᡂຌࡋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ἞⒪ᛂ⏝࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡞࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡉࡽ࡟ UFC ࡣ㧗࠸ග཯ᛂᛶᨾ࡟⣽⬊ෆ࡛ࡶ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸶㸧㸬ᶆⓗ DNA ࡶࡋࡃࡣ RNA ࡜ඹ᭷⤖ྜࢆ௓ࡋ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞஧ᮏ㙐ࢆᙧᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪mRNA ࢆගᯫᶫࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⩻ヂࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢳࢭ
ࣥࢫἲ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬GFP-HeLa ⣽⬊ෆ࡟ CNVK ࢆྵࡴ࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫ
᰾㓟ࢆ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࢡࢩࣙࣥἲ࡟ࡼࡾᑟධࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ග↷ᑕࢆ 10 ⛊⾜࡞ࡗࡓᚋ㸪ඹ↔Ⅼ㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡿ GFP ⺯ග㔞ࡢᐃ㔞ࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ග↷ᑕ࡟
ࡼࡾ GFP ⺯ගࡀ኱ࡁࡃῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ[24]㸬ඹ᭷⤖ྜࡢᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡾ⩻ヂࢆ኱ࡁࡃ㜼ᐖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᚑ᮶ගᯫᶫ⣲Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡓ psoralen㸪CNVK ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ගᛂ⟅⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ CNVD ࢆ⏝࠸㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪CNVD ࡣ 90%⛬ᗘࡢ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ



(a)

X(

)

X K
C

366+nm

37°C

XK
C

XK
U

(c) 80+
[%]

(b)

312+
+nm
nm

XK
U

X+=+

K+=+

IOHVK

60+

GCNVK

40+
20+

Inosine(I)

OHVK

0+

0+

1+

2+

3+

4+

+[ ]

5+

6+

7+

ᅗ 7 ㉸㧗㏿ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ(UFC)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢩࢺࢩࣥ࠿ࡽ࢘ࣛࢩࣝ࡬ࡢኚ᥮
(a)཯ᛂࢫ࣮࣒࢟(b)ྛ໬ྜ≀ࡢ໬Ꮫᵓ㐀 (c)⤒᫬ኚ໬ᢚไຠᯝࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ගࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ฼Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚᧯సᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ
ࡿࡀ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ไᚚࡶග↷ᑕࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ 8 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ග↷ᑕࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ┤ᚋ࡟ GFP mRNA ࡢ㔞ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ග↷ᑕࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢆ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂ

(a)

×

CNVK

mRNA

(

+
)

(b)

Amount of GFP mRNA / %ຌࡋࡓ㸬Time / hᅗ㸶 ㉸㧗㏿ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ(UFC)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⣽⬊ෆ࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫຠᯝࡢගไᚚ
(a)࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫຠᯝࡢගไᚚ (b)qRT-PCR ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ䜎䛸䜑㻌
 '1$ ྜᡂᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍࡢక࠸㸪௵ពࡢ㓄ิࡢ '1$ ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ධᡭ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞
ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࢀ࡟క࠸㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡳ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡶᵝࠎ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡢᐇ⌧࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ග࡜࠸࠺᧯సᛶࡢ㧗࠸่⃭࡟ࡼࡿ᧯సࡣ
ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࡅࡿไᚚ࡜㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪௒ᚋࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㐍໬ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ୍ࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞ᢏ⾡࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬䠑䠊䠏㻌 ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟㻌 㻌 

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2018.

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5-carbamoylvinyl-2’-

deoxycytidine, Org. Lett., 8, 22, pp 5049-5051, 2006.
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[14] Ihara, T., Fuji, T., Mukae, M., Kitamura, Y., et. al., J. An. Chem. Soc., 126, pp➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ

8880-8881, 2004.
[15] Sakamoto, T., Tanaka, Y., Fujimoto, K., DNA photo-cross-linking using 3cyanovinylcarbazole modified oligonucleotide with threoninol linker, Org. Lett., 17, 4,
pp 936-939, 2015.
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DNA Nanomachines at a Phosiological Temperature, New Generation Computing, 33,
pp 213-229, 2015.
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acceleration of DNA strand displacement using ultrafast DNA photo-cross-linking,
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cytosinedeamination

throughDNAphoto-cross-linking

reactionvia

3-

cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside, Mol. BioSyst, 13, pp 1152 – 1156, 2017.
[23] Sethi, S., Takashima, Y., Nakamura, S., Fujimoto, K., Effect of substitution ofphoto-cross-linker in photochemical cytosine to uracil transition in DNA, Bioorg. Med.
Chem. Lett., 27, 16, pp 3905-3908, 2017.
[24] Sakamoto, T., Shigeno, A., Ohtaki, Y., Fujimoto, K., Photo-rregulation of
construction gene expression in living cells by using ultrafast photo-cross-linking
oligonucleotides, Biomatter. Sci., 2, pp 1154-1157, 2014.
໭㝣ඛ➃⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ ⸨ᮏ೺㐀 







䠑䠊䠐㻌 ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟䜢⏝䛔䛯 㻰㻺㻭 ィ⟬䠑䠊䠐㻌 ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟䜢⏝䛔䛯 㻰㻺㻭 ィ⟬ ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㛫ࡢ᝟ሗఏ㐩ࢆ࡟࡞࠺ศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚ DNA ࡀࡑࡢೃ⿵࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬Adleman ࡽࡀ᝟ሗ⣲Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ DNA ࡢ≉ᚩ[1]࡟
ὀ┠ࡋ㸪DNA ࡢ㐃⤖࣭ቑᖜࢆ⏝࠸ࡓィ⟬ᡭἲࡀ⪃᱌ࡉࢀࡓ(ᅗ 1a)㸬୍᪉㸪㠀㓝⣲ⓗㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰࡜ࡋ࡚ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰[2]ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Winfree ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ Seesaw gate ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ」ᩘࡢࢤ࣮ࢺ⣲Ꮚࢆ࢝ࢫࢣ࣮ࢻ໬ࡋࡓㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࢆᐇ⿦ࡋࡓ[3]㸬ࡇࢀࡽ㠀㓝⣲ⓗㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡣ㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࢆ௓ࡋ㸪᝟ሗࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㸬஧ᮏ㙐 DNA ࠿ࡽ㣕ࡧฟࡋࡓ୍ᮏ㙐㒊ศ(toehold)ࢆ㊊᥃࠿ࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ูࡢ୍ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡀࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ࡋ㸪branch migration ࢆ⤒࡚㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞஧ᮏ㙐ࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪ฟຊ㙐ࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ(ᅗ 1b)㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᅇ㊰ࡢ኱つᶍ໬࡟క࠸㸪ィ⟬᫬㛫ࡢ▷⦰㸪ධຊࡢྠᮇ࡞࡝ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᡃࠎࡣගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ DNA ィ⟬ࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅ㸪ගࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥ཯ᛂࢆ⏝࠸ࡓග㥑ືᆺ஧㐍ィ⟬࡟ᡂຌࡋ㸪Full-adder ᅇ㊰ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ

⌧≧࠙ྜᡂ⤒㊰ ᅾࡢྜᡂ ἣ ࠚ[4]㸬ࡲࡓගᯫᶫ⣲Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿ3-cyanovinylcarbazole ࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ㝿࡟ࡣ DNA 㙐㹙࢝ࣝ࣎ࢽࣝ㹛஺᥮཯ᛂࢆ⣙ 21 ಸ࡟ຍ㏿࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᅗ 1c)[5]㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ග↷ᑕ
(aa)
(a)

A

A

࠙ྜᡂ⤒㊰

⌧

ᅾࡢྜᡂ

㹙࢝ࣝ࣎ࢽࣝ㹛(b)㹙ࢢࣜࢩࢻ࣮ࣝ㹛

(c)

B

NVK

A

×

C

Toehold

800+mW
160+mW

80+

B

B

1600+mW

100+

/%

A

≧

C

ἣࠚ

60+

0+mW

40+
20+

C

0+

㹙ࢢࣜࢩࢻ࣮ࣝ㹛

0+

2+

4+

/

6+

8+

10+

0.05

(d)

CNVD

0.04
C
N

C
N

N

CNVK

N
H
O
H

CNVL

HO

N
OH

CNVGr

HO

N
OH

CNVGs

DNA

H
O

O
H

CNVD

0.02

O

N
H

CNVK

CN

N

O
H
O

0.03

CN

CNVL

0.01
0

0.5

CNVGs

0.7

0.9

CNVGr
1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

ᅗ 1 DNA ィ⟬࡜ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡢᛂ⏝ (a) DNA ィ⟬ (b)DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ 㸦c㸧ග࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࡢຍ㏿ (d) ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㏿ᗘไᚚ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
ぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ᡃࠎࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡁࡓගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟࡛࠶ࡿ CNVD ࡸ
CNVL ࡞࡝ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ྠ୍⣔ෆ࡛ࡶග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾᵝࠎ࡞཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࢆᣢࡘ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ(ᅗ 1d)㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆ࢝ࢫࢣ࣮ࢻ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ
ࡾ㸪ィ⟬᫬㛫ࡢ▷⦰ࡸྛධຊࡢྠᮇ࡞࡝ࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

E

4

s

T

CNVK

E

4

s

1
0

ᅗ 2 DNA ィ⟬ࡢᒎ㛤 DNA ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᏊィ⟬ࡀᥦၐࡉࢀ⣙ 30 ᖺࢆ⤒ࡓ௒㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ᝟ሗฎ
⌮ᶵᵓ࡜ࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࡣ DNA ィ⟬ࡢᇶ♏཯ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿ DNA 㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࡢ㏿ᗘࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᚑ᮶࡟࡞࠸᪂ࡓ࡞
ィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࡸไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢෆ㒊࡟ᅇ㊰ࢆᣢࡕ㸪ධຊ࡟ᚑ࠸ฟຊࢆࡍࡿ(ኚ໬ࡍࡿ)㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ග↷ᑕࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡼࡾᣲືࡀ␗࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼㸪ືࡃศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ㸪ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ DNA ィ⟬ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚ᖜᗈࡃ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸬[1] LM. Adleman, Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems,
Science, 266, 5187, pp1021-1024, 1994.
[2] G. Seeling, D. Soloveichik, DY. Zhang, E. Winfree, Enzyme-free nucleic acidlogic circuit, Science, 314, 5805, pp1585-1588, 2006.
[3]

L. Qian, E. Winfree, Scalling up digital circuit computation with DNA strand

displacement cascades, Science, 332, 6034, pp1196-1201, 2011.
[4] S. Ogasawara, T. Ami, K. Fujimoto, Autonomous DNA Computing Machine basedon Photochemical Gate Transition, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 31, pp10050-10051, 2008.
[5] S. Nakamura, H. Hashimoto, S. Kobayashi, K. Fujimoto, Photochemical
acceleration of DNA strand displacement using ultrafast DNA photo-cross-linking,䠑䠊䠐㻌 ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟䜢⏝䛔䛯 㻰㻺㻭 ィ⟬

ChemBioChem, 18, 20, pp1984-1989, 2017.
㸦໭㝣ඛ➃⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ ⸨ᮏ೺㐀㸧䠑䠊䠑㻌 ᰾㓟䛾┤஺ᛶ㻌㻰㻺㻭 䛾┤஺ᛶ㻔㼛㼞㼠㼔㼛㼓㼛㼚㼍㼘㼕㼠㼥㻕㻌  ᩘᏛ࡛ࡣෆ✚ࡀࢮࣟ࡟࡞ࡿ஧ࡘࡢ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㸪┤஺ᛶ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽὴ⏕ࡋ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ஫࠸࡟ᖸ΅㸦┦஫స⏝㸧ࡋ࡞࠸୍㐃ࡢせ⣲⩌ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㸪Ꮫၥศ㔝ࢆၥࢃࡎ࡟┤஺ᛶ㸦orthogonality㸧࡜⾲⌧ࡍࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┤஺ᛶ࡜ࡣ㸪ྠࡌᐁ⬟ᇶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ␗࡞ࡿಖㆤᇶࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ≉ᐃࡢ᮲௳ୗࡢࡳ࡛㑅ᢥⓗ࡟⬺ಖㆤࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪㧗࠸ᇶ㉁㑅ᢥᛶࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ[1]㸬᰾㓟ศ㔝࡛ࡶ DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀ୍⯡໬ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ㸪DNA ࡸ RNAࡢ㓄ิ≉␗ᛶࢆ┤஺ᛶ࡜⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬DNA ࡸ RNA 㙐ࡣ᏶඲࡟┦⿵ⓗ࡞㓄ิ࡜᭱Ᏻᐃ࡞஧㔜㙐ࢆ⤌ࡴࡀ㸪࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࡢᩘ࡟࡯ࡰᑐᛂࡋ࡚୙
Ᏻᐃ໬ࡋ㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒㓄ิ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ஧㔜㙐ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ DNA ࡸ
RNA ࡣ㓄ิࡢ┦⿵ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ“┤஺ᛶ”ࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ┤஺ᛶࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ศᏊ₇⟬ࡸㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ DNA ࡸ RNA ࡢ㓄ิ≉␗ⓗ᳨ฟࡀྍ⬟࡞࣮ࣔࣞ࢟ࣗࣛࣅ࣮ࢥࣥࡣ㸪DNA ࡢ┤஺ᛶࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ⡆౽࡞ศᏊ࣐ࢩࣥࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㓄ิࡀ▷ࡅࢀࡤࢃࡎ࠿ 1 ሷᇶ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ࡛ࡶ஧㔜㙐ࡢᏳᐃᛶࡣ๻ⓗ࡟పୗࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪㓄ิࡢഹ࠿࡞┦㐪࡛ࡶ༑ศ࡞┤஺ᛶࡀᢸಖ
ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㓄ิࡀ▷࠸࡜஧㔜㙐ࡢ༑ศ࡞Ᏻᐃᛶࡀ☜ಖ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪ࡲࡓ㆑ูྍ
⬟࡞ DNA ࡸ RNA ࡢ㙐㛗ࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿ㸬ࡼࡾ」㞧࡛Ᏻᐃ࡞ศᏊᅇ㊰ࢆタィࡋࡼ࠺࡜㙐㛗ࢆ㛗ࡃࡍࡿ࡜┤஺ᛶࡢ☜ಖࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ពᅗࡋ࡞࠸ࢡࣟࢫࢺ࣮
ࢡ࡟ࡼࡿㄗసືࡢၥ㢟ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ DNA ࡢࡳࢆ⏝࠸࡚㓄ิࢆᕤኵࡍࡿࡔ
ࡅ࡛ࡣタィྍ⬟࡞ศᏊᅇ㊰࡟㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢ㐍໬࡟ࡣ┤஺ᛶࢆᣑᙇ࡛ࡁࡿேᕤ᰾㓟ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ேᕤ᰾㓟䛻䜘䜛┤஺ᛶ䛾ᣑᙇ㻌㏆ᖺ᭷ᶵྜᡂ໬Ꮫࡢ㐍Ṍ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ኳ↛࡟ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ᵝࠎ࡞ேᕤ᰾㓟ࡢྜᡂࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ேᕤ᰾㓟ࡢከࡃࡣ㸪ࢾࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮ⪏ᛶ㸦㓝⣲⪏ᛶ㸧ࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ⓗ࡛タィࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪ኳ↛ࡢࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻࡢ୍㒊ࢆ໬Ꮫಟ㣭ࡋࡓ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦᅗ㸯 ኳ↛ࡢ D-࣮ࣜ࣎ࢫࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ேᕤ᰾㓟ᅗ㸰 ┤஺ᛶ࡛ศ㢮ࡋࡓ㸦ேᕤ㸧᰾㓟A ⩌㸸ኳ↛ࡢ DNA(D-DNA)࡜஧㔜㙐ྍ⬟࡞㸦ேᕤ㸧᰾㓟⩌ࠊ
B ⩌㸸A ⩌࡜┤஺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேᕤ᰾㓟⩌O ⩌㸸A ⩌ B ⩌࡜ࡶ஧㔜㙐ᙧᡂྍ⬟࡞ேᕤ᰾㓟⩌䠑䠊䠑㻌 ᰾㓟䛾┤஺ᛶࡶࡢࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪࡞ࡐ㑇ఏᏊࡢ㦵᱁࡜ࡋ࡚ D-࣮ࣜ࣎ࢫࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ Prebiotics ⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ㸪D-࣮ࣜ࣎ࢫ㦵᱁ࢆᨵኚࡋࡓ
ᵝࠎ࡞ேᕤ᰾㓟ࡀྜᡂࡉࢀ㸦ᅗ 1㸧㸪ࡑࡢ୰࠿ࡽ┤஺ᛶࢆᣑᙇࡉࡏࡿேᕤ᰾㓟⩌ࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᅗ 2 ࡢ A ⩌ࡣ㸪ྑᕳࡁࡽࡏࢇࢆዲࡴ࢟ࣛࣝ࡞㦵᱁ࢆᣢࡘேᕤ᰾㓟⩌࡛㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶኳ↛ࡢ DNA(RNA)࡜஧㔜㙐ᙧᡂࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ A ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟㛫࡛ࡣ㸪DNA(RNA)࡜ྠᵝࡢ㓄ิࡢࡳ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ┤஺ᛶࢆᣢࡘ㸬୍᪉ࡢ B ⩌ࡣ㦵᱁ࡀ A ⩌ࡢ࢚ࢼࣥࢳ࣐࣮࡛࢜࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᕥᕳࡁࡽࡏࢇࢆㄏⓎࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪B ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟㛫࡛ࡶ A ⩌࡜ྠᵝࡢ㓄ิ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ┤஺ᛶࢆᣢࡘ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋྑᕳࡁ࡜ᕥᕳࡁ࡛ࡣ“཯ࡾ”ࡀྜࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪A ⩌࡜ B ⩌ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ┦⿵ⓗ࡞㓄ิ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ஧㔜㙐ᙧᡂࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᚑ᮶ࡢ㓄ิ౫Ꮡⓗ࡞┤஺ᛶ࡜ࡣู
ḟඖࡢ┤஺ᛶࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ A ⩌࡜ B ⩌࡜ࡀ஫࠸࡟୍ษᖸ΅ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛
࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡶ㸪ᣑᙇࡉࢀࡓ┤஺ᛶࢆά࠿ࡋࡓศ
Ꮚ₇⟬ࡸᅇ㊰ࡢタィࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛࢔࢟ࣛࣝ࡞㦵᱁ࢆᣢࡘேᕤ᰾㓟⩌㸦O ⩌㸧ࢆ㸪A ⩌࡜ B ⩌ࡢ㛫࡛᝟ሗ஺᥮ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ࡜ࡋ
࡚౑⏝ࡍࡿ㸬O ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟ࡣ㸪㦵᱁ࡀ࢔࢟ࣛࣝ࡞ࡓࡵࡽࡏࢇࡢྥࡁࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ྑᕳࡁࡢ A ⩌࡜ᕥᕳࡁࡢ B ⩌࡝ࡕࡽ࡜ࡶ㓄ิ౫Ꮡⓗ࡟஧㔜㙐ᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ A ⩌࡜ B ⩌ࡀ┤஺ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪O ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ௓ᅾࡉࡏࢀࡤ஫࠸࡟ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ B ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟࡛ࢩࢢࢼࣝቑᖜᅇ㊰ࢆタィࡋࡓሙྜ㸪A ⩌࡟ᒓࡍࡿኳ↛ࡢ DNA ࡸ RNA ࡛ᅇ㊰ࡣ㉳ືࡋ࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ O ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ࡟⏝࠸ࢀࡤ㸪
DNA ࡸ RNA ࡢ㓄ิ᝟ሗࢆ B ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟ࡢ㓄ิ᝟ሗ࡟ኚ᥮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢩࢢࢼࣝቑᖜᅇ㊰ࢆ㉳ືࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᐇࢧࣥࣉࣝ୰࡟ࡣ
ᵝࠎ࡞ዃ㞧 DNA ࡸ RNA ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀ㸪B ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟࡛ᅇ㊰ࢆタィࡍࢀࡤዃ㞧 DNA(RNA)࡛ㄗసືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸ࣟࣂࢫࢺ࡞ࢩࢢࢼࣝቑᖜᅇ㊰ࡀタィ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢቑᖜᅇ㊰࡜┤஺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᶆⓗ DNA(RNA)ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ᰾㓟࡛ᶆⓗ DNA(RNA)ධຊࢆ B ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟࡟ኚ᥮ࡋ㸪ᅇ㊰ࢆ㉳ືࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕேᕤ᰾㓟࡛┤஺ᛶࢆᣑᙇࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ศᏊㄆ㆑ࡣ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ᰾㓟ࡀᢸ࠸㸪ࢩࢢࢼࣝቑᖜࡣ┤஺ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟࡛⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺㸪୍✀ࡢᶵ⬟ศ㞳ࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ㸬௨ୗࡢ⠇࡛㸪Winfree ࡽࡢ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸪DNA ࡸ
RNA ࢆ㓄ิ≉␗ⓗ࡟᳨ฟࡍࡿࢩࢢࢼࣝቑᖜᅇ㊰ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ Seesaw gate ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ[13]㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ㻰㻺㻭 䛸 㻰㻙㼍㼀㻺㻭 䛾┤஺ᛶ㻌A ⩌ഃࡢ᰾㓟࡜ࡋ࡚ኳ↛ࡢ DNA ࢆ㸪ࡑࢀ࡜┤஺ࡍࡿேᕤ᰾㓟࡜ࡋ࡚ D-aTNAࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀྠࡌ㓄ิࡢ Seesaw gate ࢆタィࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡎࡣ Seesaw gate࡟ࡼࡿࢩࢢࢼࣝቑᖜࡢཎ⌮ࢆ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ึᮇ≧ែ(ᅗ 3(a))࡛ࡣ㸪࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢬࡉࡏ࡚࠾࠸ࡓ Output/Gate ஧㔜㙐࡜ Fuel 㙐ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬Output ࡜ Gate ࡢᮎ➃ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ⺯ගⰍ⣲࡜ᾘගⰍ⣲࡛ࣛ࣋ࣝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ Fuel ࡣᮎ➃࡟ᾘගⰍ⣲ࡀ↓࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ㝖ࡅࡤ Output
࡜඲ࡃྠࡌ㓄ิࡔࡀ㸪Gate ࡢ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢢ㒊఩࡜஧㔜㙐ᙧᡂࡍࡿ㒊఩ࡀ Fuel࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪Fuel ࡜ Output ࡢ஺᥮ࡣ㉳ࡁ࡞࠸㸬Input ࡣ Gate ࡢ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢢ㒊఩࡜┦⿵ⓗ࡞㓄ิࢆᣢࡘࡢ࡛㸪ᴟᑡ㔞࡛ࡶ Input ࡀῧຍࡉࢀࡿ࡜
toehold exchange ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ Output ࡜ࡢ஺᥮཯ᛂࡀ㉳ࡁ㸦ᅗ 3 (b)㸧㸪Output ࡀGate ࠿ࡽᘬࡁ๤ࡀࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛⺯ගࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆฟࡍ㸦ᅗ 3(c)㸧㸬⏕ᡂࡋࡓ Gate
࡜ Input ࡢ஧㔜㙐ࡣ㸪኱㐣๫࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ Fuel ࡜ࡢ toehold exchange㸦(d)࠿ࡽ(e)㸧
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ Gate/Fuel ஧㔜㙐㸦Waste㸧ࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ Input 㙐ࡀ෌⏕ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ㸱 Seesaw gate ࡟ࡼࡿࢩࢢࢼࣝቑᖜࡢཎ⌮(Partially modified and reprinted from ChemistrySelect 2017 [14])䠑䠊䠑㻌 ᰾㓟䛾┤஺ᛶ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡓ Input ࡣ㸪኱㐣๫࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ Output/Gate ࡜෌ࡧ toehold exchange ཯ᛂࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ Output/Gate ஧㔜㙐࡜ Waste ࡀ࡯ࡰྠ㔞࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡇࡢᅇ㊰ࡀసືࡋ㸪Output ࢆฟຊ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⺯ගቑᙉ㸧ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪DNA
ࡢࡳ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓ Seesaw gate ࡣ㸪DNA ࡸ RNA ࢆ㓄ิ≉␗ⓗ࡟⺯ගቑᖜ࡟ࡼ
ࡾ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅗ㸲 Input ῧຍ࡟ࡼࡿ D-aTNA seesaw gate ࡢ㉳ື(a)ᗘࡢᙳ㡪 (b) 㓄ิࡢ┤஺ᛶ (Partially modified and reprinted from ChemistrySelect 2017 [14]) ࡲࡎࡣேᕤ᰾㓟 D-aTNA ࡢࡳ࡛タィࡋࡓ Seesaw gate ࡀ DNA ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㉳ືࡍࡿ࠿☜ㄆࡋࡓ[14]㸬DNA ࡛タィࡋࡓሙྜࡣ 25℃࡛ᅇ㊰ࡀ㉳ືࡋࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪࣍ࣔ஧㔜㙐ࡀ DNA ࡼࡾᏳᐃ࡞ D-aTNA ࡛タィࡋࡓᅇ㊰ࡣ㸪50℃࡛㉳ືࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 4a㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㓄ิ≉␗ᛶࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࣇ࣐ࣝࢵࢳࡢ Input ῧຍ࡛ࡣ⺯ගቑᖜࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡀ㸪࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࡸࣛࣥࢲ࣒㓄ิ࡛ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝㉳ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ4b㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ D-aTNA ࡛ࡶ DNA ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ Seesaw gate ࡣᶵ⬟ࡋ㸪㓄ิ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ༑ศ࡞┤஺ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ

ᅗ 5 (a) D-aTNA ᅇ㊰࡜(b) DNA ᅇ㊰㛫ࡢ㸪┤஺ᛶࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅇ㊰࡟ࡣ㸪ᅇ㊰ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ᰾㓟࡜ྠ୍ࡢ Input ࢆῧຍࡋࡓሙྜࡢࡳ㉳ືࡍࡿ㸬(Partiallymodified and reprinted from ChemistrySelect 2017 [14]) ḟ࡟ DNA ࡜ D-aTNA seesaw gate 㛫࡛┤஺ᛶࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㸪஫࠸ Inputࢆῧຍࡋ᳨࡚ドࡋࡓ㸬2 ࡘࡢ Input ࡣ㦵᱁ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪඲ࡃྠࡌሷᇶ㓄ิࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ 5a ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪DNA ࡢ Input ࢆῧຍࡋ࡚ࡶ D-aTNA ᅇ㊰ࡣ㉳ືࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ྠᵝ࡟ D-aTNA ࡢ Input ࢆῧຍࡋ࡚ࡶ DNA ᅇ㊰ࡣ㉳ືࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 5b㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺஧ࡘࡢᅇ㊰ࡣ᏶඲࡟┤஺ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ྠ୍᰾㓟ࡢࣇ࣐ࣝࢵࢳࡢ Input ࡛ࡢࡳ㉳ືࡍࡿ㸬䠑䠊䠑㻌 ᰾㓟䛾┤஺ᛶᅗ  ዃ㞧 DNA ࡢ Seesaw gate ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪(a) ዃ㞧 DNA ࡢ Seesaw gate ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢࣔࢹࣝᅗ (b) DNA ᅇ㊰ࡢ㸪ዃ㞧 DNA ࡢᏑᅾୗ࡛ࡢᣲ
ື (c) D-aTNA ᅇ㊰ࡢ㸪ዃ㞧 DNA ࡢᏑᅾୗ࡛ࡢᣲື㸬(Partially modified and reprinted from
ChemistrySelect 2017 [14])ࡑࡇ࡛ Gate ࡢ୍㒊ศ࡜ྠࡌ㓄ิࢆࡶࡘ DNA ࢆዃ㞧 DNA ࡜ࡋ࡚ῧຍࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ
Seesaw gate ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬ᅗ 6a ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪DNA ᅇ㊰࡛ࡣ Gate ࡼࡾࡶඃඛⓗ࡟ዃ㞧 DNA ࡀ Input ࡟⤖ྜࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪Input ࢆῧຍࡋ࡚ࡶቑᖜ
ᅇ㊰ࡣ㉳ືࡋ࡞࠸㸬ࡘࡲࡾ DNA ᅇ㊰ࡣዃ㞧 DNA ࡟ࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟“ࢩ࣮ࣙࢺ”ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬୍᪉ D-aTNA ᅇ㊰࡛ࡣዃ㞧 DNA ࡜┤஺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡎ࡟ D-aTNA ࡢ Input ῧຍ࡛ቑᖜᅇ㊰ࡀ㉳ືࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ D-aTNA ࡛ᅇ㊰タィࡍࢀࡤ㸪┤஺ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓዃ㞧 DNA(RNA)ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ࣟࣂࢫ
ࢺ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒タィࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬㻿㻺㻭 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝣䜵䞊䝇䛻䜘䜛 㻾㻺㻭䊻㻰㻙㼍㼀㻺㻭 ኚ᥮㻌
D-aTNA ᅇ㊰ࢆኳ↛ࡢ DNA ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ RNA ධຊ࡛㉳ືࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪DNA
㸦RNA㸧㓄ิ᝟ሗࢆ D-aTNA ࡟ኚ᥮ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬O ⩌࡟ᒓࡍࡿ SNA ࡀ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦDNA㸦RNA㸧࡜ D-aTNA ࡢ୧᪉࡜㓄ิ≉␗ⓗ࡟஧㔜㙐ࢆ⤌ࡴ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ㸪toehold exchange ࡛ D-aTNA ࢆฟຊࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆタィࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟ᚤ㔞Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ miR21 ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ᅗ 7a ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪Input(D-aTNA)ࡢ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢢࢆྵࡴ㒊఩ࢆそ࠸㸪࠿ࡘ SNA 㓄ิ඲࡚ࡀᶆⓗ RNA ࡜┦⿵ⓗ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙
࣮ࢫ SNA ࢆタィࡋࡓ㸬⣔ෆ࡟ࡣ D-aTNA seesaw gate ࡜ඹ࡟㸪࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ
Input(D-aTNA)ࢆࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢬࡉࡏ࡚࠾࠸ࡓ SNA ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆඹᏑ
ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡃ㸬ࡇࡢ≧ែ࡛ࡣ Input(D-aTNA)ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪Gate ࡜ࡢ཯ᛂࡢ㊊ࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡿ toehold 㒊ศࡀ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ SNA ࡜஧㔜㙐ᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᅇ㊰ࡀ㉳ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ↓࠸㸬୍᪉࡛ᶆⓗ RNA ࡀධຊࡉࢀࡿ࡜㸪toehold exchange࡟ࡼࡾ SNA ࡜஧㔜㙐ᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ Input(D-aTNA)ࡀฟຊࡉࢀ㸪D-aTNA
seesaw gate ࡀ㉳ືࡋ࡚⺯ගቑᖜࡍࡿ㸬࡞࠾ SNA ࡣ RNA ࡼࡾ D-aTNA ࡬ࡢぶ࿴ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡢ࡛㸪D-aTNA ࡼࡾࡶᶆⓗ RNA ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛗ࡵ࡟஧㔜㙐ᙧᡂࡍࡿࡼ
࠺㸪SNA ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆタィࡋࡓ㸬ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅗ 7b ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟

miR21(RNA)㠀Ꮡᅾୗ࡛ࡣ⺯ගቑᖜࡀ㉳ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᶆⓗ RNA ࢆῧຍࡋࡓ
࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ᮇᚅ㏻ࡾ⺯ගቑᖜࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪D-aTNA seesaw gate ࡢ㉳ືࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬
SNA ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ࡞ࡋ࡛ࡣᶆⓗ RNA ࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡶ⺯ගቑᖜࡀ㉳ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪タィ㏻ࡾ࡟ SNA ࡀ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬

ᅗ 7 RNA(miR21)ῧຍ࡟క࠺ SNA ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆ௓ࡋࡓ
D-aTNA seesaw gate ࡢ㉳ື(a) SNA ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࡢస⏝ᶵᗎࡢᶍᘧᅗ (b) ᶆⓗ RNA(miR21)ῧຍ࡟క࠺⺯ගቑᖜ.
(Partially modified and reprinted from ChemistrySelect 2017 [14]㸧

 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪┤஺ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟࡜࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡛㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ศᏊ₇⟬ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ┤᥋ⓗ䠑䠊䠑㻌 ᰾㓟䛾┤஺ᛶ࡞ᛂ⏝ࡣ㸪⣽⬊ෆࡸᐇࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚤ㔞 RNA ࡢ⺯ගቑᖜ᳨ฟ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ቑᖜᅇ㊰ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ [15]㸪
Seesaw gate ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ B ⩌ࡢேᕤ᰾㓟࡛ቑᖜᅇ㊰ࢆタィࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ
࡟⏝࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ᐇ⏝ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿዃ㞧≀ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ᚤ㔞 RNA ࡢ⺯ග᳨ฟ⣔ࡀタィ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
[1] G. Barany, R. B. Merrifield, A New Amino Protecting Group Removable by
Reduction. Chemistry of the Dithiasuccinoyl (Dts) Function, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99,
7363-7365 (1997).
[2] C. J. Leumann, DNA Analogues: From Supramolecular Principles to Biological
Properties, Biorg. Med. Chem., 10, 841-854 (2002).
[3] D. D’Alonzo, A. Guaragna, G. Palumbo, Exploring the Role of Chirality in Nucleic
Acid Recognition, Chem. Biodivers., 8, 373-413 (2011).
[4] N. Langkjaer, A. Pasternak, J. Wengel, UNA (unlocked nucleic acid): A flexible
RNA mimic that allows engineering of nucleic acid duplex stability, Bioorg. Med.
Chem. 17, 5420-5425 (2009).
[5] L. Zhang, A. Peritz, E. Meggers, A Simple Glycol Nucleic Acid, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
127, 4174-4175 (2005).
[6] P. Karri, V. Punna, K. Kim, R. Krishnamurthy, Base-Pairing Properties of a
Structural Isomer of Glycerol Nucleic Acid, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 5840–5844(2013).
[7] V. Kumar et al., Design, synthesis, biophysical and primer extension studies ofnovel acyclic butyl nucleic acid (BuNA), Org. Biomol. Chem. 11, 5853-5865 (2013).
[8] P. E. Nielsen et al., Sequence-Selective Recognition of DNA by Strand
Displacement with a Thymine-Substituted Polyamide, Science, 254, 1497-1500 (1991).
[9] I. Sacui et al., Gamma Peptide Nucleic Acids: As Orthogonal Nucleic Acid
Recognition Codes for Organizing Molecular Self-Assembly, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 137,
8603-8610 (2015).
[10] H. Kashida et al., Control of the Chirality and Helicity of Oligomers of Serinol
Nucleic Acid (SNA) by Sequence Design, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50, 1285-1288 (2011).
[11] K. Murayama, H. Kashida, H. Asanuma, Acyclic L-Threoninol Nucleic Acid (LaTNA) with Suitable Structural Rigidity Cross-pairs with DNA and RNA, Chem.
Commun., 51, 6500-6503 (2015).

➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ[12] H. Asanuma et al., Unexpectedly stable artificial duplex from flexible acyclic
threoninol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 14702-14703 (2010).
[13] D. Y. Zhang, E. Winfree, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 17303–17314 (2009).
[14] K. Murayama, R. Nagao, H. Asanuma, D-aTNA Circuit Orthogonal to DNA Can
Be Operated by RNA Input via SNA, ChemistrySelect, 2, 5624-5227 (2017).
[15] R. M. Dirks, N. A. Pierce, Triggered amplification by hybridization chain reaction,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 101, 15275-15278 (2004).
㸦ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ ὸ἟ᾈஅ㸪ᮧᒣᜨྖ㸧䠑䠊䠒㻌 䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛻䜘䜛 㻰㻺㻭 ཯ᛂ䛾ไᚚ㻌䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛸䛿㻌㓝⣲ࡸᢠయ࡞࡝㸪⏕య㧗ศᏊࡣṇࡋࡃ㧗ḟᵓ㐀㸦Native structure㸧ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࡑࡢᅛ᭷ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ㸬⏕య㧗ศᏊࡀ㧗ḟᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࢆᢡࡾࡓࡓࡳ㸦ࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ㸪Folding㸧࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ᮏ᮶ࡢ㧗ḟᵓ㐀࠿ࡽኚᛶ㸦ࢹ࢕ࢿ࢖ࢳ࣮ࣕ㸪Denature㸧ࡍࡿ࡜ᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣฟ᮶࡞
ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ኚᛶࡋࡓ⏕య㧗ศᏊࡶ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢฎ⌮ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ṇࡋ࠸ᵓ㐀࡟ᕳࡁᡠࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ෌⏕㸦ࣜࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ㸪Refolding ࡲࡓࡣࣜࢼ
ࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸪Renaturation)࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬ከࡃࡢ⏕య㧗ศᏊ࡛ࡣ㸪⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ⓗ࡟᭱Ᏻᐃ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡀ㸪Native ࡞ᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ཎ⌮ⓗ࡟ࡣ⣽⬊ෆ࡛ྜᡂࡉࢀࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡣ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟ṇࡋ࠸ᵓ㐀࡟ᢡࡾࡓࡓࡲࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛
࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㛗࠸㧗ศᏊ㙐࡛࠶ࡿ⏕య㧗ศᏊ࡛ࡣ㸪ከᵝ࡞ᵓ㐀࡟ᢡࡾࡓࡓࡲࢀ࡚ࡋ
ࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ㧗࠸㸬ࡑࢀࡀ᭱Ᏻᐃ࡞ᵓ㐀࡛↓ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡦ࡜ࡓࡧᢡࡾࡓࡓࡲࢀ࡚
ࡋࡲ࠺࡜㸪ṇࡋ࠸ᵓ㐀࡬ࡢࣜࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ྠᵝ࡟㸪⇕ࡸ pH࡞࡝ࡢ⎔ቃኚ໬࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⏕య㧗ศᏊࡣኚᛶࡍࡿࡀ㸪ኚᛶࡋࡓ㧗ศᏊࡣ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟
Native ࡞ᵓ㐀࡟ࡣᡠࡽ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከ࠸㸬ኚᛶ≧ែࡀ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ⓗ࡟ࡣ‽Ᏻᐃ࡛ࡶ㸪෌Ᏻᐃ࡞≧ែ࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࣂࣜ࢔࣮ࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬≉࡟ኚᛶࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡣከศᏊจ㞟ࡋࡸࡍࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡀࣜࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢆࡼࡾ
ᅔ㞴࡟ࡍࡿ㸬⏕య⣔࡛ࡣ㸪⏕యศᏊࡢṇࡋ࠸ࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡸ࢔ࢵࢭࣥࣈࣜ
ࣥࢢࢆಁࡍᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ㸪ศᏊࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ศᏊࢩࣕ࣌
ࣟࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ጞࡵ࡚ᩥ⊩࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢯ࣮࣒ᙧᡂࢆಁࡍ
Nucleosome assembling factor(NAF)࡛࠶ࡿ[1]㸬ࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢯ࣮࣒ࡣ㸪ࢤࣀ࣒ DNA

䠑䠊䠒㻌 䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛻䜘䜛 㻰㻺㻭 ཯ᛂ䛾ไᚚ࡜ሷᇶᛶࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࣄࢫࢺࣥ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ」ྜయ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࣄࢫࢺࣥ 8 㔞యࡢᅇࡾ࡟ᩚ↛࡜ DNA ࡀᕳࡁࡘ࠸ࡓつ๎ᵓ㐀࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࣄࢫࢺࣥࢱࣥ
ࣃࢡ㉁࡜ DNA ࢆヨ㦂⟶ෆ࡛ΰྜࡋ࡚ࡶࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢯ࣮࣒ࡣᙧᡂࡉࢀࡎจ㞟య࡜࡞ࡿ㸬᰾㓟࡜ࣄࢫࢺࣥࡢ㟼㟁ⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝ࡀ㐣๫࡟ാࡁ㸪ṇࡋ࠸ᢡࡾࡓࡓࡳࡀ
㜼ᐖࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬NAF ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ㟼㟁ⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝ࢆ⦆ࡵ࡚ṇࡋ࠸ᢡࡾࡓࡓࡳࢆಁࡍᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ㸬ࡉ࡚㸪᰾㓟ࡢṇࡋ࠸ᵓ㐀ᙧᡂࢆಁࡍ᰾㓟ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥࡶ⏕య࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ[2]㸬᰾㓟ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࢼࣀ⤌⧊యࡸࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥ㸪ศᏊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࡛ࡣ㸪᰾㓟ࡢ㓄ิ┦⿵ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࡀ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࡢ㏿ᗘࡢไᚚࡀᶵ⬟ࡢྥୖ࡟┤⤖ࡍࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪᰾㓟ࡢṇ☜࡞ᵓ㐀ᙧᡂࢆಁࡍ᰾㓟ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ
άᛶࡣ᰾㓟ࢼࣀࢸࢡࡢᇶ┙せ⣲࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ṇ㟁Ⲵࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶ
ࡃࡋᆺ㧗ศᏊ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧࡜᰾㓟࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆゎᯒࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡛㸪ᖾ㐠࡟ࡶࡃࡋᆺ
㧗ศᏊࡀ㧗࠸᰾㓟ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥᵝࡢάᛶࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋࡓ㸬᰾㓟ࡣ㈇㟁Ⲵࢆከࡃᣢࡘࡓࡵ㸪㟼㟁ⓗ࡞཯Ⓨࡀ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬࡟୙฼࡟ാࡃ㸬཯ᑐ㟁Ⲵࢆᣢࡘࡃࡋᆺ㧗ศᏊࡣ᰾㓟࡜⤖ྜࡋ㸪㈇㟁Ⲵࢆ㐽ⶸࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪᰾㓟ࡢ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࢆಁࡍ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࡃࡋᆺ㧗ศᏊࡣ㸪㸯㸧᰾㓟ࡢ஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇᙧᡂࢆ㢧ⴭ࡟ಁ㐍ࡋ㸪Ᏻᐃ໬ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㸰㸧᰾㓟ࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥࡸࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢ⣲཯ᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅗ㸯 ᰾㓟ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥάᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶࡃࡋᆺඹ㔜ྜయ฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿ᰾㓟㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࢆ 3 ᱆௨ୖຍ㏿ࡍࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㸱㸧㏻ᖖᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡟
ࡃ࠸஧㔜ࡽࡏࢇࡸᅄ㔜ࡽࡏࢇᵓ㐀࡞࡝ࢆᏳᐃ໬ࡍࡿ㸬ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡃࡋ
ᆺ㧗ศᏊ㸦௨ୗ㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ㸧࡟ぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆ㸪᰾㓟ࢼࣀࢸࢡ࡟
ά⏝ࡋࡓ౛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛷 㻰㻺㻭 䝘䝜䝬䝅䞁䜔䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䞊䜢㧗㏿໬㻌᰾㓟ศᏊࡣ㓄ิ≉␗ⓗ࡟┦⿵㙐࡜ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢཝᐦ࡞
㓄ิ≉␗ᛶࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ DNA ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㥑ືᆺᵓ㐀య࡛࠶ࡿ DNA ࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥࡶ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᭱ࡶ⡆༢࡞ DNA ࢼࣀ࣐ࢩ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿࢫࢸ࣒-࣮ࣝࣉᆺ DNA ࡣ┦⿵ⓗ࡞᰾㓟ࢆῧຍࡋࡓ᫬㸪ࢫࢸ࣒㒊఩ࡢ㛤⿣ࢆక࠺㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚┤㙐≧࡟ᙧ≧ࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿ㸬⺯ගᇶ࡜ᾘගᇶࢆᣢ
ࡘࢫࢸ࣒ࢫࢸ࣒-࣮ࣝࣉᆺ DNA ࡣศᏊࣅ࣮ࢥࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ᰾㓟ࡢ᳨ฟ࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࢫࢸ࣒㒊఩ࡀ⇕ຊᏛⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ࡞ࡓࡵ㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㐜ࡃ㸪ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ᰾㓟ࡢ᳨ฟ࡟ࡣ୍᫬㛫௨ୖࡢ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㐜࠸཯ᛂ⣔࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࢆຍ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࡢ㧗㏿໬࡟ࡼࡗ᳨࡚ฟࡣ 1 ศ࡛᏶஢ࡋࡓ[3]㸦ᅗ 2㸧㸬
ࡉࡽ࡟」㞧࡞ DNA ࢼࣀ࣐ࢩ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ DNA tweezers(ࣁࢧ࣑) [4]ࡶ㙐஺᥮ࡢ㏿ᗘࡀ㐜࠸ࡓࡵືసࡀ⦆៏࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡟㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࢆຍ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪㠀ᖖ࡟㧗㏿࠿ࡘ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋⰋࡃືసࡋࡓ[5]㸬ᅗ㸰 ศᏊࣅ࣮ࢥࣥࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ᰾㓟᳨ฟࡢࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗㏿໬ʤPartially modified
and reprinted from Chem. Commun. 2012 [3]ʥ

䠑䠊䠒㻌 䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛻䜘䜛 㻰㻺㻭 ཯ᛂ䛾ไᚚ




ǷȣȚȭȳ
᭗Ў‫܇‬ƳƠ

ǷȣȚȭȳ᭗Ў‫܇‬ƋǓᅗ㸱 ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ
ࢱ࣮ࡢ㧗㏿ィ⟬㸦Partially modified and reprinted from Adv.
Funct. Mater. 2018 [6]㸧DNA ࡢ㓄ิከᵝᛶ࡜ཝᐦ࡞ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢲ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ≉ᛶࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ࡚㸪DNA
ࡢࡳ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓㄽ⌮₇⟬Ꮚࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ DNA ㄽ⌮₇⟬Ꮚࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡣ┬ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࠿ࡘ୪ิ₇⟬ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞
ࡃ㸪ࢩࣜࢥࣥࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࡛ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⏕యෆࢆྵࡴᵝࠎ࡞⎔ቃୗ࡛౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬DNA ㄽ⌮₇⟬Ꮚࡢከࡃࡣ」ᩘࡢ㙐஺᥮཯ᛂࡀ࢝ࢫ
ࢣ࣮ࢻⓗ࡟㐍⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪₇⟬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⡆༢࡞ィ⟬࡛ࡍࡽᩘ᫬㛫ࡢ₇⟬᫬㛫ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟యෆ࡞࡝࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ
᰾㓟ศゎ㓝⣲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ DNA ศᏊࡀศゎࡉࢀ㸪₇⟬ࡀ◚⥢ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺➼ࡢၥ㢟
Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢప㏿࡞ DNA ₇⟬Ꮚ࡟ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࢆຍ࠼
ࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ᩘ᫬㛫ࡢ₇⟬᫬㛫ࢆᩘศ࡟▷⦰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ[6] 㸦ᅗ㸱㸧㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࡣ᰾㓟ศゎ㓝⣲⪏ᛶࢆ௜୚࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪᰾㓟ศゎ㓝⣲ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ⎔ቃୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ DNA ศᏊࡢศゎࢆᢚไࡋ㸪ṇᖖ࠿ࡘ㧗㏿࡞
₇⟬ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ᰾㓟ࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥ[7]ࡸࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ[8]࡛ࡣ㸪㓝⣲άᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ᰾㓟࡛
࠶ࡿ DNAzyme ࡸ Ribozyme ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ᰾㓟㓝⣲࡟ᑐࡍࡿຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬DNAzyme ࡣᇶ㉁࡛Џૺ

࠶ࡿ RNA ࢆษ᩿ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ษ᩿ᚋ
ࡢᇶ㉁ࡢゎ㞳࡜᪂ࡓ࡞ᇶ㉁ࡢ⤖ྜ㐣⛬࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࢱ࣮࣮ࣥ࢜ࣂ࣮
ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㐜࠸࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࡀ࠶

ᦋʩ੭Ӓࣖ

ؕឋ

Џૺཋ

ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢱ࣮࣮ࣥ࢜ࣂ࣮㐣⛬ࡢ㐜ࡉࡣ㙐஺᥮཯ᛂ㏿ᗘࡀ㐜࠸ࡇǷ ȣȚȭȳ᭗Ў‫܇‬ƋǓ㧗ศᏊࡢῧຍ࡛ࡇࡢࢱ࣮࣮ࣥ࢜
ࣂ࣮ࢆಁࡋࠊᩘ༑ಸάᛶࡀྥୖࡋ ࡓ [9] 㸦 ᅗ 㸲 㸧㸬 ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ 㸪
DNAzyme ࡟᰾㓟᳨ฟ⏝ࡢࢭࣥӒࣖྙ࡜࡟㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ

ǷȣȚȭȳ᭗Ў‫܇‬ƳƠࢧ࣮࢔࣮࣒ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡉ ࢀ ࡓ(Multi-componentӒࣖ଺᧓Ў

nucleotide acid enzyme) MNAzymeࡢάᛶࡶࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼᅗ㸲 ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ

ࡗ࡚኱ᖜ࡟ୖ᪼ࡋ㸪᰾㓟᳨ฟឤ

DNAzyme ཯ᛂࡢຍ㏿㸦Partially modified andᗘࢆᩘⓒಸྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂ

reprinted from Biomater. Sci., 2015 [9]㸧ຌࡋࡓ[10]㸬
䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛷᰾㓟ᵓ㐀䛸ᶵ⬟䜢䝇䜲䝑䝏䞁䜾㻌ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࡣ㏻ᖖ࡛ࡣྲྀࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸୕ḟᵓ㐀࡬ DNA ࢆ㌿⛣ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜
ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㏻ᖖ DNA ஧㔜㙐ࡣྑᕳࡁࡢ B ᆺᵓ㐀ࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࣉ ࣜ ࣥ - ࣆ ࣜ ࣑ ࢪ ࣥ ࡢ ⧞ ࡾ ㏉ ࡋ 㓄 ิ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ DNA ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ poly(dG–䠑䠊䠒㻌 䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛻䜘䜛 㻰㻺㻭 ཯ᛂ䛾ไᚚdC) · poly(dG–dC)ࡶ B ᆺᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ṇ㟁Ⲵࢆ᭷ࡍ(A)ࡿ࣏ࣜࣜࢩࣥࢆ୺㙐࡟ࡶࡘࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ PLL-g-

PLL-g-Dex

Dex ࢆῧຍࡍࡿ࡜ᕥᕳࡁࡢ Z ᆺᵓ㐀࡟㌿⛣ࡋࡓ[11] 㸦ᅗ 5A㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪࣏ࣜࣜࢩࣥ࡜ DNA ࡢࣜࣥ㓟ᇶ࡜ࡢ㟼㟁ⓗ┦஫స⏝࡟ຍ࠼ഃ㙐ࡢࢹ࢟ࢫࢺࣛࣥࡀ
୚࠼ࡿ DNA ࿘ࡾࡢ࣑ࢡࣟ⎔ቃǢȋǪȳࣱ᭗Ў‫܇‬
B-DNA

Z-DNA

(B)

PAA-g-Dexࡢኚ໬ࡀ B ᆺ࠿ࡽ Z ᆺࡢᵓ㐀㌿⛣ࢆಁࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୺㙐㦵᱁ࡀ࣏ࣜ࢔ࣜࣝ࢔ࣜ
ࣝ࢔࣑࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ PAA-g-Dex ࢆῧຍࡍࡿ࡜ B ᆺ DNA ࡣ A ᆺᵓ㐀࡬㌿⛣ࡋࡓ[12] 㸦ᅗ 5B㸧㸬
PLL-g-Dex ࡢῧຍ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ㌿⛣ࡣほǢȋǪȳࣱ᭗Ў‫܇‬

(C)
᩼෇ࣱཞ७

෇ࣱཞ७

ǢȳȁȑȩȬȫ

ȑȩȬȫࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࣜࢩࣥ㦵᱁ࡼࡾࡶࡼࡾ␯Ỉᛶࡢ㧗࠸࢔ࣜࣝ࢔࣑ࣥ㦵᱁ࡀ DNA ࿘ࡾࡢ⬺Ỉ࿴ࢆಁࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪A ᆺࢆᏳᐃ໬ࡋࡓ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬ṇ㟁Ⲵࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ㐀㌿⛣ࡋࡓࡇࢀࡽ
ࡢ DNA ࡣ㸪㈇㟁Ⲵࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࢔

ǢȋǪȳࣱ᭗Ў‫܇‬ᅗ㸳 ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ DNA ࡢ஧ḟᵓ㐀ไᚚ㸦Partially modified and reprinted from
Chem.Commun., 2016 [12] and Biomacromolecules,
2018[13]㸧

ࢽ࢜ࣥᛶ㧗ศᏊࡢῧຍ࡟ࡼࡾ

ࡍࡳࡸ࠿࡟ඖࡢ B ᆺᵓ㐀࡟ᡠࡗࡓ㸬࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥᛶ㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡾ DNA/ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ

㧗ศᏊ」ྜయࡀゎ㞳ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࡢάᛶࢆ࢜ࣥ
−࢜ࣇไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪᰾㓟ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆྍ㏫ⓗ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸬࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᅄ㔜㙐 DNA ࡣ K+࢖࢜ࣥᏑᅾୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㕲㘒యࡢ࣑࣊ࣥ࡜⤖ྜࡋ㸪࣌ࣝ࢜࢟ࢩࢲ࣮ࢮάᛶࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣌ࣝ࢜࢟ࢩࢲ࣮
ࢮάᛶࡢⓎ⌧࡟ࡣ㸪ᅄᮏࡢ DNA 㙐ࡀᖹ⾜࡟୪ࢇࡔࣃࣛࣞࣝᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡀᚲせ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊ⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞⏕⌮ⓗ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿ Na+࢖࢜ࣥᏑᅾୗ࡛ࡣ㸪㙐ࡀ㏫ᖹ⾜࡟୪ࡧάᛶࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࢆῧຍࡍࡿ࡜άᛶࡀᩘ༑ಸྥୖࡋ㸪࡯ࡰ K+࢖࢜ࣥᏑᅾୗ࡜ྠ➼࡞άᛶࡀᚓࡽ
ࢀࡓ㸬[13] 㸦ᅗ 5C㸧
㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࡀ㠀άᛶᆺࡢ࢔ࣥࢳࣃࣛࣞࣝ
ᵓ㐀࠿ࡽάᛶᆺࡢࣃࣛࣞࣝᵓ㐀࡬࡜ᵓ㐀㌿⛣ࡉࡏࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ
㧗ศᏊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚௜୚ࡉࢀࡓ㧗άᛶ≧ែࡣ࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥᛶ㧗ศᏊࡢῧຍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ
᮶ࡢపάᛶ࡟ᡠࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶵ⬟ᛶ᰾㓟ࡢάᛶࡣࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊ࡜࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥᛶ㧗ศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㓝⣲άᛶࢆ⮬ᅾ࡟ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ㻌᰾㓟ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥάᛶࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ࢝ࢳ࢜ࣥᛶࡃࡋᆺඹ㔜ྜయࡀ㸪DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡸࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥࡢᶵ⬟ྥୖ࡟᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᐇ౛࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᰾㓟ࡢ⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࢆ㏿ᗘㄽⓗ࡟ಁ㐍ࡍࡿⅬࡀ㘽࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛᰾㓟ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ಟ㣭᰾㓟ࡸேᕤ᰾㓟ࡀタィࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪㏿ᗘㄽⓗ࡟⮬ᕫ⤌⧊໬ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝↓࠸㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࡢ≉➹ࡍ࡭ࡁⅬࡣ㸪ᑡ㔞ῧຍࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡛㸪⡆౽࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ฟ᮶ࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ࢩࣕ࣌ࣟࣥ㧗ศᏊࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ࣭࢜ࣥ࢜ࣇไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶ᰾㓟ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࡶࡑࡶ⏕యෆࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪᰾㓟ࡢᶵ⬟ࡣ᰾㓟⤖ྜᛶࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ࡼࡾไᚚࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᰾㓟ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡛ࡶ㸪⏕యෆࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ⫪௦ࢃࡾࡍࡿᮦᩱࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᛂ⏝⠊ᅖࢆᗈࡆࡓࡾάᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡼ࠺㸬[1] R.A.Laskey, B. M. Honda, A.D. Mills, J. T. Finch, Nucleosomes are assembled byan acidic protein which binds histones and transfers them to DNA. Nature 275, 5679,
pp. 416-420, 1978
[2] A. Rein et al., Nucleic-acid-chaperone activity of retroviral nucleocapsid proteins:significance for viral replication, Trends Biochem. Sci., 23, 8, pp. 297-301, 1998
[3] H. Asamuna et al., A polycation-chaperoned in-stem molecular beacon system,
Chem. Commun., 48,12, pp. 1760–1762, 2012[4] B. Yurke et al., A DNA-fuelled molecularmachine made of DNA, Nature, 406, 10,
pp. 605-608, 2000䠑䠊䠒㻌 䝅䝱䝨䝻䞁㧗ศᏊ䛻䜘䜛 㻰㻺㻭 ཯ᛂ䛾ไᚚ[5] S.W. Choi et al., Cationic comb-type copolymers for boosting DNA-fueled
nanomachines, Nano Lett., 7, 1, pp. 172-178, 2006
[6] N. Shimada et al., DNA computing boosted by a cationic copolymer, Adv. Funct.
Mater., 28,17, pp. 1707406, 2018[7] Y. Tian et al., A DNAzyme that walks processively and autonomously along a one‐dimensional track, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 117, 28 pp.4429-4432, 2005[8] J. Elbaz et al., DNA computing circuits using libraries of DNAzyme subunits, Nat.
Nanotechnol. 5, 6, pp. 417–422, 2010[9] J. Gao, N. Shimada, A. Maruyama, Enhancement of deoxyribozyme activity bycationic copolymers, Biomater. Sci., 3, 2, pp. 308-316, 2015[10] J. Gao, N. Shimada, A. Maruyama, MNAzyme-catalysed nucleic acid detection
enhanced by a cationic copolymer, Biomater. Sci., 3, 5, pp. 716-720, 2015[11] N. Shimada, A. Kano, A. Maruyama, B-Z DNA transition triggered by a cationic
comb-type copolymer. Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, 22, pp. 3590-3595, 2009[12] N. Yamaguchi et al., A reversible B–A transition of DNA duplexes induced bysynthetic cationic copolymers, Chem. Commun., 52, 47, pp. 7446-7449, 2016[13] H. Sato, N. Shimada, T. Masuda, A. Maruyama, Allosteric control ofperoxidase-,mimicking

DNAzymeactivitywithcationic

copolymers,

Biomacromolecules, 19, 6, pp. 2082–2088, 2018㸦ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᔱ⏣┤ᙪ㸪୸ᒣཌ㸧


㻌




㻌
㻌

㻌

䠒䠊䠍㻌 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊㐠࿨䛾ไᚚ




➨䠒❶㻌
ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾་⒪ᛂ⏝㻌㻌㻌䠒䠊䠍㻌 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊㐠࿨䛾ไᚚ䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪➹⪅ࡽࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᡂᯝࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ேᕤⓗ࡞ RNA/RNP㸦RNA-ࢱ
ࣥࣃࢡ㉁」ྜయ㸧ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡿ⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ไᚚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪
3 ❶࡛㏙࡭ࡓ RNA ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢศᏊᵓ⠏ᢏ⾡ࡸ㸪ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᕤᏛⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒タィ㸪⣽⬊ෆᅾࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡸ RNA ࢆධຊ࡜ࡍࡿㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰࡞࡝㸪ࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡸ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬䝇䜲䝑䝏 㼙㻾㻺㻭 䛻䜘䜛㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ไᚚ㻌 ⣽⬊ࡣ㸪㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧̿㑇ఏᏊ࡟ࢥ࣮ࢻࡉࢀࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⏘⏕̿ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࡸ㐠࿨ࡀไᚚࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⣽⬊ࢆ⮬ᅾ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢆ⮬ᅾ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛୺࡟ DNA
࠿ࡽ mRNA ࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ㌿෗ࡢẁ㝵ࢆேⅭⓗ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬」㞧࡞㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋࡓ㑇ఏᏊᅇ㊰࡞࡝ࡶ㸪㌿෗ẁ㝵࡛ࡢไᚚࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓࡶࡢࡀ୺య࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ኳ↛ࡢ⣽⬊ෆ࡛ࡣ㸪㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡣ㌿෗ࡢẁ㝵ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⩻ヂࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡶไᚚࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵᵓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢศᏊᏑᅾୗ࡛⩻ヂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㜼ᐖࡍࡿmRNA ෆࡢࢩࢫᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࣜ࣎ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ[1]ࡸ㸪┦⿵㓄ิࢆᣢࡘ mRNA ࢆศゎ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⩻ヂࢆᢚไࡋ࡚ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁Ⓨ⌧ࢆ㈇࡟ㄪ⠇ࡍࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA[2]࡞࡝
ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⩻ヂẁ㝵࡛ࡢไᚚࡀ㸪㌿෗ẁ㝵࡛ࡢไᚚ࡜㔜ᒙⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼࡾ⢭ᐦ࡞㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪➹⪅ࡽࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟ᏑᅾࡍࡿᶆⓗศᏊ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢆ⩻ヂẁ㝵࡛ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࢶ࣮ࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ᭱ึ࡟స〇ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁Ꮡᅾୗ࡛࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮㑇ఏᏊࡢ⩻ヂࡀᢚไࡉࢀࡿ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ᛂ⟅ᛶ OFF ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1A㸧[3]㸬ࣄࢺࢤࣀ࣒ࡢゎᯒ࠿ࡽࣄࢺ࡟ࡣᩘ୓✀㢮ࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢⓎ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ⣽⬊ࡢ✀㢮ࡸ⣽⬊࿘ᮇ㸪⎔ቃ࠿ࡽࡢ่⃭࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࡉࡲ
ࡊࡲ࡟␗࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪≉ᐃࡢᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᏑᅾࢆ᳨▱ࡋ࡚⩻ヂࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆస〇࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪⣽⬊ࡢ≧ែ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ⩻ヂไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ዲ⇕ᛶྂ⣽⳦ࡢࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ
L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜㸪ࡑࢀࡀ≉␗ⓗ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ࢟ࣥࢡࢱ࣮ࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡛࠶ࡿ[4]㸬ࡇࡢ࢟ࣥࢡࢱ࣮ࣥࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮mRNA ࡢୖὶ㒊࡟ᤄධࡋࡓ㸬L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸᫬࡟ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖ㏻ࡾ mRNA ࡣ⩻ヂࡉࢀ㸪࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀⓎ⌧ࡉࢀࡿ㸦ON ≧ែ㸸ᅗ 1A ᕥ㸧㸬୍᪉㸪L7 ࢱ
ࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ mRNA ୖࡢ࢟ࣥࢡࢱ࣮ࣥࣔࢳ
࣮ࣇ࡟⤖ྜࡋ㸪ࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⩻ヂࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸦OFF ≧ែ㸸ᅗ 1A ྑ㸧㸬ࡇࡢ OFF ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆᐇ㝿࡟ࣄࢺᇵ㣴⣽⬊ෆ࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡉࡏࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢⓎ⌧㔞࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢⓎ⌧㔞ᅗ  ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ P51$ ࡟ࡼࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ไᚚࡢ௙⤌ࡳ(A) 䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁ᛂ⟅ᛶ OFF 䝇䜲䝑䝏䠊(B) 䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁ᛂ⟅ᛶ ON 䝇䜲䝑䝏䠊(C) 䝬䜲䜽䝻 RNA ᛂ⟅ᛶ OFF 䝇䜲䝑䝏䠊䠒䠊䠍㻌 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊㐠࿨䛾ไᚚࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ OFF ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡢ࢟ࣥࢡࢱ࣮ࣥࣔ
ࢳ࣮ࣇ㒊ศࢆ௵ពࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ RNA 㓄ิ࡟ኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪௵ពࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ OFF ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࡢᚋ㸪➹⪅ࡽࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣄࢺ⣽⬊࡛ෆᅾⓗ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ」ᩘࡢࢱ
ࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[5]㸬
➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪⩻ヂࢆ ON ࡟ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡶ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 1B㸧[6]㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸᫬࡟⩻ヂࢆ OFF ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪┦⿵㓄ิࢆᣢࡘ mRNA ࢆศゎࡍࡿ shRNA㸦short hairpin RNA㸧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ㸬shRNA ࡣ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ RNA ࣉࣟࢭࢩࣥࢢ㓝⣲࡛࠶ࡿ Dicer ࡟ࡼࡿษ᩿ࢆཷࡅ㸪ᡂ⇍ siRNA㸦small interference RNA㸧࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡕ㸪┦⿵㓄ิࢆᣢࡘ mRNA ࢆษ᩿ࡋศゎࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ shRNA ࡟㸪≉ᐃࡢᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆᤄධࡋ㸪ᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜⤖ྜࡍࡿ࡜ Dicer ࡟ࡼࡿ shRNA ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢩࣥࢢࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ shRNA ࢆࣄࢺ⣽⬊࡟ᑟධࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪shRNA ࡀᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮㑇ఏᏊ
ࡢ mRNA ࡀศゎࡉࢀ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡀ OFF ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 1B ᕥ㸧㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡿ࡜㸪shRNA ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢩࣥࢢࡀ㜼ᐖࡉࢀ㸪࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࢱ
ࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢⓎ⌧ࢆ ON ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸦ᅗ 1B ྑ㸧㸬࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ
㉁࡜ࡋ࡚⣽⬊Ṛ㛵㐃ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᏑᅾ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚⣽⬊Ṛࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ⣽⬊㐠࿨ไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ[6]㸬
ࡇࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ᛂ⟅ ON ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࡶ㸪ᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ᛂࡌࡓ⤖ྜ RNA ᵓ㐀ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ shRNA ࡟ᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒
࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ[7]㸬
 ➹⪅ࡽࡣࡲࡓ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡢస〇ࡶ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡣ㸪⣙ 20 ࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻࡢ▷࠸ RNA ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪┦⿵ⓗ࡞㓄ิࢆᣢ
ࡘ mRNA ࢆศゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢ⩻ヂࢆᢚไࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࣄࢺ࡟ࡣ 2,500 ✀㢮ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢⓎ⌧ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ⣽⬊✀ࡸቑṪ࣭ศ໬ࡢ㐣⛬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ[8]㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡶ⣽⬊✀ࢆ㆑ูࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢศᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬㐲⸨ࡽࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡟ࡼࡿศゎࡢᶆⓗ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ┦⿵㓄ิࢆ mRNA ࡢ㠀⩻ヂ㡿ᇦ࡟ᤄධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ᛶ OFF ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 1C㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ OFF ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡢୗὶ࡟ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ᛂ⟅ OFF ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍ
ࡿ ON ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡶస〇࡛ࡁࡓ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⣽⬊ෆࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡸ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚⩻ヂࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁ
ࡿྛ✀ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡁࡓࡓࡵ㸪ḟ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࡢࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪」
㞧࡞⩻ヂ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ㑇ఏᏊᅇ㊰ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆヨࡳࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᶆⓗ⣽⬊࡟≉␗ⓗ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡀࢇ⣽⬊≉␗ⓗ࡟⣽⬊Ṛࢆㄏᑟࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊᅇ㊰࠾ࡼࡧ㸪3 ࡘࡢࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆ┤ิ࡟୪࡭ࡓከẁ㝵᥋⥆ᅇ㊰㸪┦஫࡟ᢚไࡋྜ࠺ 2 ࡘࡢࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㸪2 ✀㢮ࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢⓎ⌧ࢆࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࡍࡿᅇ㊰ࡢస〇࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ[9]㸬
㻌ேᕤศᏊ㊊ሙ䛻䜘䜛⏕యศᏊ䛾ᒁᅾไᚚ㻌⣽⬊ࡣࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㌿෗ࡸ⩻ヂࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪⩻ヂᚋࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢไᚚࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡟㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⣽⬊ෆᒁᅾࡢไᚚࡀᣲ
ࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬⣽⬊ෆศᏊࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⣽⬊ෆࡢ≉ᐃࡢሙᡤ࡟㞟✚ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ศᏊ㛫┦஫స⏝ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࡓࡾ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟ᒁᅾࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㠀≉␗ⓗ࡞ศᏊ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ㜵ࡂ㸪཯ᛂࡢ≉␗ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪⣽⬊ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤศᏊ㊊ሙࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[10,11]㸬ࡶࡋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᏊ㊊ሙࢆேᕤⓗ࡟స〇࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪⣽⬊ෆศᏊࡢᒁᅾࡸศᏊ㛫┦஫స⏝ࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪㌿෗ࡸ⩻ヂẁ㝵ࡢไᚚ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪ࡼࡾ⢭ᐦ࡞⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ไᚚࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪RNA ࡸ
RNP ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ேᕤศᏊ㊊ሙࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿヨࡳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬RNA ࡛స〇ࡋࡓேᕤⓗ࡞ࢼࣀᵓ㐀యࢆศᏊ㊊ሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ㝿ࡢ⏕≀࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢ౛ࡣ㸪Delebecque ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ኱⭠⳦ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿ[12]㸬ᙼࡽࡣ㸪ࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢜ࣇ࢓࣮ࢪ MS2 ࠾ࡼࡧࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢜ࣇ࢓࣮ࢪ PP7 ࡢࢥ࣮ࢺࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㸦MS2CP ࠾ࡼࡧ PP7CP㸧࡜ࡑࢀࡽࡀ⤖ྜࡍࡿ RNA ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀ
ࡽ 2 ✀㢮ࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀ⤖ྜࡍࡿศᏊ㊊ሙ RNA ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 2A㸧㸬ࡇࡢRNA ࡣ㸪1 ศᏊࡢࡳ࡛Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸦ᅗ 2A-i㸧㸪୍ḟඖⓗ࡟㐃⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ஧ḟඖⓗ࡟㐃⤖ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸦ᅗ 2A-ii㸧ࡀタィࡉࢀ㸪ヨ㦂⟶ෆ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ
タィ㏻ࡾࡢᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ḟ࡟㸪㟁Ꮚఏ㐩⣔ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ỉ⣲ࡢ⏘⏕ࢆ⾜࠺ࣇ࢙ࣞࢻ࢟ࢩࣥ࡜ࣁ࢖ࢻࣟࢤࢼ࣮ࢮࢆ㸪MS2CP ࡲࡓࡣ PP7CP ࡜⼥ྜࡉࡏ࡚኱⭠⳦ෆ࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡉࡏࡓ㸬⼥ྜࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢࡳࢆⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡓሙྜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚㸪1 ศᏊࡢࡳ࡛ᏑᅾࡍࡿศᏊ㊊ሙ RNA ࢆඹⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪Ỉ⣲⏘⏕㔞ࡀ 4 ಸ࡟ቑຍࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪୍ḟඖⓗ࡟㐃⤖ࡍࡿ㊊ሙ RNA ࢆⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ 11 ಸ࡟㸪஧ḟඖⓗ࡟㐃⤖ࡍࡿ㊊ሙ RNA ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ 48 ಸ࡟ࡲ࡛Ỉ⣲⏘⏕ຠ⋡ࡀቑຍࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᏊ㊊ሙࡣཎ᰾⏕≀ࡢᵝࠎ࡞௦ㅰ⣔ࡢไᚚ࡟䠒䠊䠍㻌 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊㐠࿨䛾ไᚚᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀ㸪ྠࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ Sachdeva ࡽࡣࡑࡢᚋ㸪ูࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㓝⣲ࢆศᏊ㊊ሙ RNA ୖ࡟㞟✚ࡉࡏ࡚࣌ࣥࢱࢹ࢝ࣥࢆຠ⋡Ⰻࡃྜᡂࡉࡏࡓࡾ㸪3✀࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ 4 ✀ࡢ㓝⣲ࢆ㞟✚ࡉࡏ࡚ࢫࢡࢩࢽࣝ㓟ࡢྜᡂຠ⋡ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡞࡝ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ[13]㸬
୍᪉㸪⸨⏣ࡽࡣ㸪┿᰾⏕≀࡟࠾࠸࡚ศᏊ㊊ሙࡢ฼⏝ࢆヨࡳࡓ㸦ᅗ 2B㸧[14]㸬
ไᚚࡍࡿᑐ㇟ࡣ㸪⣽⬊⭷ୖ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿཷᐜయࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⣽⬊⭷ୖ࡟ࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢࣜ࢞ࣥࢻศᏊ࡜ࡢ⤖ྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪௚ཷᐜయ࡜」ྜయࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚⮬ᕫࣜࣥ㓟໬ࡢࡼ࠺࡞཯ᛂࢆ⏕ࡌ㸪≉ᐃࡢ⣽⬊ෆࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆⓎ⏕࣭ఏ㐩ࡉࡏࡿ✀ࠎࡢཷ

ᅗ 2㻌 RNA 䜢฼⏝䛧䛶స〇䛥䜜䛯ศᏊ㊊ሙ(A) 㓝⣲䜢 RNA ୖ䛻䠄i䠅䠈䜎䛯䛿ᖹ㠃ⓗ䛻(ii)ከᩘ㞟✚䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈኱⭠⳦䛻䛚䛡䜛㓝⣲཯ᛂຠ⋡䛾ᨵၿ䛜ᐇ⌧䛷䛝䛯䠊(B) ୕ゅᙧ≧䛾 RNA ᵓ㐀య䜢฼⏝䛧䛯⣽⬊⭷ୖཷᐜయ㛫㊥㞳䛾ไᚚ䠊(C) ෆᅾ䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁䜢᳨▱䛧䛶⣽⬊Ṛ䝅䜾䝘䝹䛾Ⓨ⏕䜢ไᚚ䛩䜛㊊ሙ RNA䠊➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ᐜయࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⸨⏣ࡽࡣ㸪ࣜ࢞ࣥࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ࢞ࣞࢡࢳࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⤖ྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⣽⬊⭷ୖ࡛⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ㸪⣽⬊ṚࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿཷᐜయ
࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ[15]㸬࢞ࣞࢡࢳࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜ L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ
BoxC/D ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆᣢࡘ୕ゅᙧ≧ RNA ࡟⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࢞ࣞࢡࢳࣥࢱࣥ
ࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ㡬Ⅼ㒊ศ࡟ᣢࡘ RNP ᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬୕ゅᙧ≧ RNA ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪୍㎶ࡢ㛗ࡉࡀ 10 nm ࡯࡝ࡢᑠࡉ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪స〇ࡋࡓ RNP ᵓ㐀యࢆࣄࢺ⣽⬊࡟స⏝ࡉࡏࡿ࡜㸪⣽⬊Ṛࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 2B ᕥ㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪࢞ࣞࢡࢳࣥ
࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ⣽⬊⾲㠃ཷᐜయࢆ㞟ྜࡉࡏ࡚┦஫స⏝ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪⣽⬊Ṛࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀ
ຠ⋡ⰋࡃⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬౑⏝ࡍࡿ RNA ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ኱ࡁࡃࡋ࡚
࠸ࡃ࡜㸪⣽⬊Ṛࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ⣽⬊ࡢ๭ྜࡣῶᑡࡋ㸪୍㎶ࡀ 30 nm ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞୕
ゅᙧ RNA ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪⣽⬊Ṛࡀ㉳ࡇࡽࡎ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟࢞ࣞࢡࢳࣥࢱࣥࣃ
ࢡ㉁ࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡶ⣽⬊Ṛࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 2B ྑ㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪RNP ᵓ㐀య࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࢞ࣞࢡࢳࣥཷᐜయࡀ㏆᥋࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㊥㞳࡟㝸㞳ࡉࢀ࡚ཷᐜయ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀ㜼ᐖࡉࢀ㸪⣽⬊Ṛࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪
RNP ᵓ㐀యࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⣽⬊⾲㠃࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿཷᐜయ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳ࢆไᚚࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡸ⏕⌮ⓗᶵ⬟ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪┿᰾⏕≀ࡢ⣽⬊ෆ࡛ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿศᏊ㊊ሙࡢᵓ⠏࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[16]㸬ᰘ⏣ࡽࡣ㸪⣽⬊Ṛไᚚ⣔ࡢ࢝ࢫࣃ࣮ࢮࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ୍ࡘ㸪
Caspase-8 ࡢ⣽⬊ෆ㞟✚ࢆไᚚࡍࡿ⣔ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬Caspase-8 ࡣ௚ࡢ⣽⬊ṚࢩࢢࢼࣝศᏊࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㸪࢜ࣜࢦ࣐࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚⮬ᕫゐ፹ⓗ࡟άᛶ໬ࡋ㸪⣽⬊Ṛࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ㸬ᰘ⏣ࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ Caspase-8 ࢆ L7 ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜⼥ྜࡉࡏࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㸦L7-Casp8㸧ࢆࢥ࣮ࢻࡍࡿ mRNA ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Box C/D-L7 ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ⼥ྜࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ㞟✚ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ㸪」ᩘࡢ Box C/D ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆᣢࡘࢪࢢࢨࢢ≧ࡢ RNA ᵓ㐀యࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ࣄࢺ⣽⬊࡟㸪L7-Casp8 ⼥ྜࢱࣥ
ࣃࢡ㉁ࢆࢥ࣮ࢻࡋࡓ mRNA ࡜ RNA ᵓ㐀యࢆᑟධࡋ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡛ RNP 」ྜయࢆᙧᡂࡉࡏࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪RNA ᵓ㐀య୰࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ RNP ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢᩘ࡟ẚ౛ࡋ࡚⣽⬊Ṛࢆㄏᑟࡍࡿຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ḟ࡟㸪ࡇࡢ RNP ศᏊ㊊ሙ⣔ࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪ෆᅾࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚⣽⬊Ṛࡢㄏᑟࢆไᚚࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡶస〇ࡋࡓ[16]㸬ᖿ⣽⬊࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ RNA ⤖ྜࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ Lin28[17,18]࡜ Caspase-8 ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㸦Lin28-Casp8㸧ࢆࢥ࣮ࢻࡋࡓ mRNA ࢆస〇ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࢪࢢࢨࢢ≧ RNA ᵓ㐀య࡟ࡣ Box C/D ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ Lin28 ⤖ྜࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆᑟධࡋ
ࡓ㸦ᅗ 2C ᕥ㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ RNA ࢆ㸪Lin28 ࢆⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⣽⬊࡟ᑟධࡍࡿ࡜㸪
Lin28 ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࢪࢢࢨࢢ RNA ୖ࡟ Caspase-8 ࡀ㞟✚ࡋ㸪⣽⬊Ṛࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀ⏕䠒䠊䠍㻌 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊㐠࿨䛾ไᚚࡌ㸪⣽⬊Ṛࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ 2C ྑୖ㸧㸬୍᪉㸪Lin28 ࢆⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⣽⬊ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ෆᅾᛶ Lin28 ࡀࢪࢢࢨࢢ RNA ୖ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪Lin28-Casp8
⼥ྜࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ RNA ୖ࡬ࡢ㞟ྜࡀ➇ྜⓗ࡟㜼ᐖࡉࢀ㸪⣽⬊Ṛࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 2C ྑୗ㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪RNA ࡸ RNP ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⣽⬊⾲㠃ࡸ⣽⬊ෆࡢศᏊࡢᒁ
ᅾ࣭㞟ྜࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿேᕤⓗ࡞ศᏊ㊊ሙࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ
㏻ࡋࡓ⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ࡸ㐠࿨ࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬㻯㻾㻵㻿㻼㻾㻛㻯㼍㼟 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊ᶵ⬟ไᚚ㻌㏆ᖺ㸪᭱ࡶὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ RNP ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ CRISPR/Cas ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬୍ᗘឤᰁࡋࡓእ᮶ࡢ࢘࢖ࣝࢫࡸࣇ࢓࣮ࢪࡢࢤࣀ࣒㓄ิࡢ୍㒊ࢆグ㘓ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ࡑࡢ㓄ิࢆᣢࡘ DNA ࡀ⣽⬊࡟౵ධࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ษ᩿ࡍࡿ㸪⣽⳦ࡸྂ⣽⳦ࡀᣢࡘ⋓ᚓච␿⣔࡛࠶ࡿ㸬CRISPR/Cas ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪DNA ษ᩿άᛶࢆᢸ࠺
㓝⣲࡛࠶ࡿ Cas ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜㸪ษ᩿ࡍࡿᶆⓗ㓄ิࢆ┦⿵ⓗ࡟ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ࢞࢖
ࢻ RNA ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3A㸧
㸬ࡇࡢ CRISPR/Cas ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ DNA ษ᩿άᛶࡀ㸪့ங㢮ࢆྵࡴᖜᗈ࠸⏕≀✀ࡢ⣽⬊ෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶാࡃࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࢤࣀ࣒ࡢ≉ᐃ㒊఩ࡢษ᩿࡟ࡼࡿ㑇ఏᏊࡢ◚ቯࡸ㸪DNA ษ᩿ᚋࡢ┦ྠ⤌ࡳ᥮࠼࡟ࡼ
ࡿ௵ពࡢ㑇ఏᏊࡢᑟධ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟ᢏ⾡ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬≉࡟㸪᪤Ꮡࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࣮࣋ࢫࡢேᕤ DNA ษ᩿㓝⣲ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ษ᩿ࡋࡓ࠸ᶆⓗ DNA 㓄ิ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪࢔࣑ࣀ㓟㓄ิࢆኚ᭦ࡋ
ࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆస〇ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪CRISPR/Cas ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣ㸪ᶆⓗ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚࢞࢖ࢻ RNA ࡢᶆⓗㄆ㆑㓄ิࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛Ⰻ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᡭ
㍍࡟ࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟ࡀ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ฼⏝⠊ᅖࡣᛴ㏿࡟ᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
[19,20]㸬
ࡲࡓ㸪Cas ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢάᛶ୰ᚰ㒊఩࡟ኚ␗ࢆᑟධࡋ㸪DNA ษ᩿άᛶࢆ
࡞ࡃࡋࡓ dead Cas㸦dCas㸧ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪௵ពࡢᶆⓗ DNA ࡟⤖ྜࡉࡏࡿࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪࢞࢖ࢻ RNA ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚࠶
ࡿ࠸ࡣ dCas ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟┤᥋⺯ගࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆᑟධࡋ㸪┠ⓗࡢ㓄ิ㡿ᇦࢆ⣽⬊ෆ࡛ྍど໬ࡋࡓ౛ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3B㸧[21,22]㸬ྠᵝ࡟㸪dCas
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡸ࢞࢖ࢻ RNA ࡟㌿෗ᅉᏊࢆᑟධࡋ࡚ᶆⓗ㓄ิ㏆ഐࡢ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢆቑ㐍ࡉࡏࡓࡾ㸦ᅗ 3C㸧>@㸪ሷᇶࡸࣄࢫࢺࣥࡢಟ㣭࣭⬺ಟ㣭ࢆ⾜࠺㓝⣲ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏ࡚࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ไᚚࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾ㸦ᅗ 3D㸧[26-30]㸪ሷᇶಟ㣭㓝⣲ࢆ⼥ྜࡉࡏ࡚ᶆⓗ㒊఩ࡢሷᇶࢆูࡢሷᇶ࡟⨨᥮ࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸦ᅗ 3E㸧➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ᅗ 3㻌 CRISPR/Cas 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᛂ⏝౛(A) DNA ษ᩿άᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴 Cas 䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁䛸䠈ᶆⓗ㓄ิ䛾ㄆ㆑䜢ᢸ䛖䜺䜲䝗 RNA 䛛䜙䛺䜛 CRISPR/Cas䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䝀䝜䝮ୖ䛾௵ព䛾㑇ఏᏊ䜢䝜䝑䜽䜰䜴䝖䛥䛫䛯䜚㑇ఏᏊ䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈DNA ษ᩿άᛶ䜢ኻ䜟䛫䛯 Cas 䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁ኚ␗య䛻ᵝ䚻䛺䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁䜢⼥ྜ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈(B)䝀䝜䝮ୖ䛾௵ព䛾㡿ᇦ䜢ᶆ㆑䛧䛯䜚䠈(C) 㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧䛾ไᚚ䠈(D) DNA 䜔䝠䝇䝖䞁䛾ಟ㣭䛸䛔䛳䛯䜶䝢䝆䜵䝛䝔䜱䜽䝇ไᚚ䠈(E) ሷᇶ䛾᭩䛝᥮䛘䛺䛹䛻䜒฼⏝䛷䛝䜛䠊

[31-33]㸪ᵝࠎ࡞⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ไᚚࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Cas ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ࡣ㸪DNA
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ RNA ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶぢࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ[34]㸪ࡑࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪RNA ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶሷᇶ⦅㞟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝[35]㸪CRISPR/Cas ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ᵝࠎ࡞⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ไᚚࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࢶ࣮ࣝ
࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[36]㸬
࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪CRISPR/Cas ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡶ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢゎỴࡍ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ᭱ࡓࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ᶆⓗ≉␗ᛶ࡜ษ᩿ຠ⋡ࡢᨵၿ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ୖ࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᶆⓗ DNA ࡢㄆ㆑ࡣ࢞࢖ࢻ RNA ࡟ࡼࡿ┦⿵㙐ᙧᡂ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࢞࢖ࢻ RNA ࡜ᑐ㇟ DNA ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ᩘሷᇶࡢ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࡀᏑ
ᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢ㓄ิ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣษ᩿ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪DNA
ษ᩿άᛶࡀᶆⓗ㑇ఏᏊࡢ㓄ิࡸ⣽⬊✀㸪⏕≀✀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉␗ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Cas ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ᕤᏛⓗ࡟ᨵኚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᶆⓗ≉␗ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿヨࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[37-39]㸬ࡲࡓ㸪άᛶࡢྥୖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Cas ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜࢞࢖ࢻ RNA ࢆࢥ࣮ࢻࡋࡓ DNA ࢆ䠒䠊䠍㻌 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊㐠࿨䛾ไᚚᑟධࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ヨ㦂⟶ෆ࡛ Cas ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜࢞࢖ࢻ RNA ࡢ」ྜయࢆ
ᙧᡂࡉࡏ࡚࠿ࡽࡑࢀࢆ┤᥋ᑟධࡋࡓࡾ[40,41]㸪ᑟධࡍࡿ࢞࢖ࢻ RNA ࡢᮎ➃ࢆ໬Ꮫಟ㣭ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ศゎ㓝⣲࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᪉ἲ[42]ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪CRISPR ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢṇ☜ᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⣽⬊✀≉␗ⓗ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚ Cas
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢⓎ⌧ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ[43]㸬ࡇࢀࢆ౑࠼
ࡤ㸪┠ⓗ⣽⬊ࡢࡳ࡛ࢤࣀ࣒⦅㞟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ᶆⓗእ⣽⬊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㠀≉␗ⓗ࡞ DNA ษ᩿ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬㼕㻼㻿 ⣽⬊◊✲䛻䛚䛡䜛 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛾฼⏝㻌 ேᕤከ⬟ᛶᖿ⣽⬊㸦induced pluripotent stem cell㸧࡜ࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢᙺ๭ࢆᣢࡘ
య⣽⬊࡬࡜ศ໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⣽⬊࡟㸪ᒣ୰ᅉᏊ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᅄ✀㢮ࡢ㑇ఏᏊࢆ
Ⓨ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞⣽⬊࡟ศ໬ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡗࡓᮍศ໬ࡢ≧ែ࡬࡜ࣜࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢࡉࡏࡓ㸪ேᕤⓗ࡟స〇ࡉࢀࡓᖿ⣽⬊ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪␎ࡋ࡚ iPS⣽⬊࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬ཷ⢭༸࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ⬇ᛶᖿ⣽⬊࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪೔⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⣽⬊ࡸ⮚ჾࡢ⛣᳜࡜࠸ࡗࡓ෌⏕་⒪ศ㔝ࡸ㸪⑓ែࣔࢹࣝ⣽⬊ࡢస〇࡟ࡼࡿ๰⸆◊✲࡞࡝㸪ᖜᗈ࠸ᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[44,45]㸬
ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ iPS ⣽⬊◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪⣽⬊✀ࡢṇ☜࡞㆑ู࡛࠶ࡿ㸬iPS ⣽⬊ࢆ┠ⓗࡢ⣽⬊࡬࡜ศ໬ࡉࡏࡿ㝿࡟㸪ࡑࡢຠ⋡ࢆ 100%࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ┠ⓗ࡜␗࡞ࡿ⣽⬊ࡸᮍศ໬ࡢ iPS ⣽⬊ࡀṧᏑࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ΰධࡋࡓ iPS ⣽⬊ࡣ⭘⒆໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⮚ჾࡸ⣽⬊⛣᳜࡟౑࠺ሙྜ࡟ࡣ῝้࡞ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⑓ែࣔࢹࣝ⣽⬊ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ๰⸆◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᶆⓗእ⣽⬊ࡀΰධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪⸆๣ࡢຠᯝࢆṇ☜࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪⣽⬊✀ࡢ㆑ูࡣ୺࡟㸪⣽⬊⾲㠃࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᢠཎࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ㸪ᢠయࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᢠయࡸ㸪ᢠయࡢ⤖ྜࢆ᳨ฟࡋ⣽⬊ࢆ㑅ูࡍࡿ⿦⨨㸦ࢭࣝࢯ࣮ࢱ࣮㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗౯࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⣽⬊✀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ≉␗ⓗ࡞⣽⬊⾲㠃ᢠయࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡞࡝㸪୓⬟࡞᪉ἲ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡾ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪᪤Ꮡἲࡼࡾࡶ㸪Ᏻ౯࡛⡆౽㸪☜ᐇ࡞⣽⬊ࡢ㆑ู࣭㑅ูἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪๓㏙ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪iPS ⣽⬊࠿ࡽศ໬ࡉࡏࡓ⣽⬊ࡢ㆑ู࣭㑅ูࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ㸦ᅗ 4㸧
[46]㸬ᚰ⮚⑌ᝈࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡶ᭱ࡶከ࠸Ṛᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪iPS ⣽⬊ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝

ࡓ἞⒪ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᚰ➽⣽⬊ࢆぢศࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ≉␗ⓗ࡞ᢠయࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪iPS ⣽⬊࠿ࡽศ໬ㄏᑟࡋ࡚స〇ࡋࡓᚰ➽⣽⬊ࡢࡳࢆ㧗⣧ᗘ࡟㑅ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴ࡔࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪୕ᮌ࠾ࡼࡧ㐲⸨ࡽࡣ㸪ᚰ➽⣽⬊࡜ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⣽⬊ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA Ⓨ⌧ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆㄪ࡭㸪ᚰ➽⣽⬊≉␗ⓗ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࢆ 3 ✀㢮ྠᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡽࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ
RNA ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆస〇ࡋ㸪࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮࡜࡞ࡿ⺯ගࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⣽⬊ࢆ㑅ูࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪95%ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㧗࠸ຠ⋡࡛ᚰ➽⣽⬊ࢆ㑅ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸦ᅗ 4A ྑୖ㸧㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ⣽⬊Ṛㄏᑟࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ Bim ࡟ኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᶆⓗ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA
ࢆⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⣽⬊࡛ࡣ⣽⬊Ṛࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀ࡚㝖ཤࡉࢀ㸪ᚰ➽⣽⬊ࡢࡳࡀṧࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸪⮬ືⓗ࡞⣽⬊⣧໬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࡶᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡓ㸦ᅗ 4A ྑୗ㸧㸬ᅗ 4㻌 䝇䜲䝑䝏 mRNA 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯⣽⬊✀㑅ู(A) ᚰ➽⣽⬊䛷≉␗ⓗ䛻Ⓨ⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛䝬䜲䜽䝻 RNA 䛻ᛂ⟅䛩䜛䝇䜲䝑䝏 mRNA 䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᚰ➽⣽⬊䜢≉␗ⓗ䛻㑅ู䛧䛯䜚䠈ᮍศ໬⣽⬊䛾䜏䜢≉␗ⓗ䛻㝖ཤ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈(B) ᮍศ໬
iPS ⣽⬊䛷≉␗ⓗ䛻Ⓨ⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛䝬䜲䜽䝻 RNA 䛻ᛂ⟅䛩䜛䝇䜲䝑䝏 mRNA 䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ศ໬䛧䛯⚄⤒⣽⬊䜢᳨ฟ䛧䛯䜚䠈⸆๣䛸⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛶ᮍศ໬⣽⬊䛾䜏䜢≉␗ⓗ䛻㝖ཤ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊䠒䠊䠍㻌 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊㐠࿨䛾ไᚚࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ౑࠼ࡤ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ᪉ἲࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢭࣝࢯ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗౯࡞ᶵჾࡶᚲせ࡜ࡏࡎ㸪⣽⬊ෆ≧ែ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㧗࠸⢭ᗘ࡛ࡢ⣽⬊ࡢ㆑ูࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ྠᵝ࡟㸪⣽⬊✀≉␗ⓗ࡞࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ᛶࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ෆ⓶⣽⬊ࡸ⫢⣽⬊㸪࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥ⏘⏕⣽⬊࡜࠸ࡗࡓ௚ࡢ✀㢮ࡢ⣽⬊ࡢ㑅ูࡶヨࡳࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜࡶ㧗࠸⢭ᗘ࡛┠ⓗ⣽⬊ࢆ㑅ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ᛶࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡣᐜ᫆࡟௚ࡢ⣽⬊✀࡟ࡶ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㸪㧗࠸ỗ⏝ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
Parr ࡽࡣ㸪miRNA ᛂ⟅ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪iPS ⣽⬊ࡢ᳨ฟ࡜ࢻ࣮
ࣃ࣑ࣥ⏘⏕⚄⤒⣽⬊ࡢ㑅ูࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 4B㸧[47]㸬iPS ⣽⬊࡛ࡣⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࢻ࣮ࣃ࣑ࣥ⏘⏕⚄⤒⣽⬊࡛ࡣⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪
miR-302 ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪miR-302 ࡜┦⿵ⓗ࡞㓄ิࢆᣢࡘࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡎࡣ㸪࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮㑇ఏᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚⺯ගࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪iPS⣽⬊࠿ࡽࢻ࣮ࣃ࣑ࣥ⏘⏕⚄⤒⣽⬊࡟ศ໬ࡍࡿ࡜㸪⺯ගࡀ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ
ࡓ㸦ᅗ 4B ྑୖ㸧㸬ࡇࡢࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᢠయ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⣽⬊✀ࢆ㆑ูࡍࡿᚑ᮶ἲࡼࡾࡶឤᗘࡼࡃ⣽⬊ࢆ㆑ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ḟ࡟㸪࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮㑇ఏᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚⸆๣⪏ᛶ㑇ఏᏊࢆᣢࡘࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬⚄⤒⣽⬊࡛ࡣ⸆๣⪏ᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡀ㸪iPS ⣽⬊࡛ࡣ miRNA-302 ࡟ࡼࡾ⸆๣⪏ᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧ࡀᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ศ໬ᚋࡢ⣽⬊㞟ᅋࢆ⸆๣ฎ
⌮ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ศ໬࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ iPS ⣽⬊ࡣṚ⁛ࡋ㸪⚄⤒⣽⬊ࡢࡳࢆ⮬ືⓗ࡟㑅ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸦ᅗ 4B ྑୗ㸧㸬୰すࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆࢥ࣮ࢻࡋࡓ
㑇ఏᏊࢆస〇ࡋ࡚㸪ࢤࣀ࣒࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⣽⬊ෆ࡛⮬ᚊⓗ࡟ቑᖜࡉࢀࡿ
ࣉࣛࢫ࣑ࢻ࣋ࢡࢱ࣮࡟ᤄධࡋ࡚㸪iPS ⣽⬊࡟ᑟධࡋࡓ[48]㸬ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⣽⬊ࡢቑṪ࣭ศ໬ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⥅⥆ⓗ࡟㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳmRNA ࢆ⣽⬊ෆ࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟ࡇࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪ᚰ➽⣽⬊≉␗ⓗ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡢ⣽⬊ෆ≧ែࢆྍど໬ࡋ㸪iPS ⣽⬊࠿ࡽᚰ➽⣽⬊࡬ࡢศ໬ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ᛂ⟅ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡸ RNP ศᏊ㊊ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᖿ⣽⬊࣐࣮࣮࢝࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ Lin28[17,18]࡜ࡑࢀ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿ RNA ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ RNP ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪Lin28 ࡢⓎ⌧ࢆ᳨ฟࡋࡓࡾ㸪Lin28 ࢆⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⣽⬊࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㑅ᢥⓗ࡟⣽⬊Ṛࢆㄏᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
[5,16]㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ RNA/RNP ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNAࡸࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢⓎ⌧㔞ࢆࡶ࡜࡟⣽⬊ࡢ✀㢮ࡸ≧ែࢆ㆑ูࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚⮬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ືⓗ࡟⣽⬊ᶵ⬟ࡸ㐠࿨ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪෌⏕་⒪࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞⣽⬊✀ࡢ㆑ู࣭㑅ูࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞⣽⬊ศ໬ࡢไᚚ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬௒ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟䛸ᒎᮃ㻌ୖ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪RNA ࡸ RNP ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿேᕤⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ᵝࠎ࡞⣽⬊ࡢไᚚࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪௒ᚋࡼࡾ⢭ᐦ࠿ࡘከᵝ࡞⣽⬊ࡢไᚚࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ゎỴࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ㄢ㢟ࡶከ࠸㸬
ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ᛂ⟅ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡣ㸪⌧ᅾຠᯝⓗ࡟᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿᶆⓗࢱࣥࣃ
ࢡ㉁ࡢ✀㢮ࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡼࡾᗈ࠸ᛂ⏝ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪⣽⬊✀ࡸ⣽⬊≧ែࡢ࣐࣮࣮࢝࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆྠᐃࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡽෆᅾᛶࡢᶆⓗࢱ
ࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ㧗࠸ឤᗘ࡜≉␗ᛶ᳨࡛ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪6.1.1 ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞㸪」㞧࡞㑇ఏᏊᅇ㊰ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ᝟ሗฎ⌮㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚⣽⬊࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡞࠸㸪┤஺ᛶࡢ㸦࢜ࣝࢯࢦࢼࣝ࡞㸧RNP ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ྛ✀ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ᛂࡌࡓࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪RNA ࡜ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ┦஫స⏝ᵝᘧࡣ RNP ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡈ࡜࡟኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡢタィࡣ୍ᵝ࡟ࡣ⾜࠼ࡎ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ RNP
ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡈ࡜࡟ಶู࡟᭱㐺໬ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ྛ✀ࡢࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ᣑ඘ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞タィᡭἲ࣭᪉ἲㄽࢆ㛤Ⓨ࣭☜❧ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ mRNA ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᛂ⏝⠊ᅖࢆᗈࡆࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪⏕≀✀ࡸ⣽⬊✀㸪Ⓨ⏕ẁ㝵ࡸ⣽⬊࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡈ࡜ࡢ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNAⓎ⌧ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢゎ࣭᫂ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ໬ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ከᵝ࡞⣽⬊ࡢ✀㢮ࢆṇ☜࡟㆑ูࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪1 ✀㢮ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ከ✀㢮ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡢⓎ⌧㔞࠿ࡽ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡍࡿ᪉ࡀࡼࡾዲࡲࡋ࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪⌧ᅾ➹⪅ࡽࡢ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣ㸪2 ✀㢮ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡢⓎ⌧㔞ࢆධຊ᝟ሗ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞✀㢮ࡢㄽ⌮ィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡉࢀࡓฟຊࢆ࣏࣮ࣞࢱ
࣮ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿ஧ධຊ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ᛂ⟅ᛶ㑇ఏᏊᅇ㊰ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௒ᚋ㸪ࡼࡾከ✀㢮ࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ RNA ࡢⓎ⌧᝟ሗࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ィ⟬ฎ⌮ࢆ⾜࠺㑇ఏᏊᅇ㊰ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࠸㸪⣽⬊ෆ≧ែࡢᕪ␗ࢆ⢭ᗘⰋࡃ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ☜❧ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㸬ᶆⓗศᏊࢆᒁᅾ໬ࡲࡓࡣ㞟✚ࡉࡏ㸪ࡑࢀࡽศᏊ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ

䠒䠊䠍㻌 㻾㻺㻭㻛㻾㻺㻼 䛻䜘䜛⣽⬊㐠࿨䛾ไᚚ࡜ࡣ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ศᏊ㊊ሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࡓࡽࡃ RNA ࡸࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ౛࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟[49,50]㸪⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆไᚚࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞᪉ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ேᕤⓗ࡞ศᏊ㊊ሙࢆᐇ㝿࡟⣽⬊࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲౛ࡣࡲࡔᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢཎᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ศᏊ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳ࡸ㓄ྥࢆ⢭ᐦ࡟ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿேᕤⓗ࡞ศᏊ㊊ሙࢆ⣽⬊ෆ࡛ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬RNA ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡋ
ࡓᵓ㐀యࡣ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᵓ㐀యࡼࡾࡶᐜ᫆࡟タィ࡛ࡁࡿ࠺࠼㸪ᙧ≧ࢆ⥔ᣢࡉࡏࡓࡲࡲࢧ࢖ࢬࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᐜ᫆࡟⾜࠼ࡿ[14]㸬ࡲࡓ㸪DNA ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᵓ㐀య࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪⣽⬊ෆ࡛㌿෗࡟ࡼࡾస〇ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬௒ᚋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ RNA ᵓ㐀యࡢ≉ᛶࢆά࠿ࡋࡓຠᯝⓗ࡞ศᏊ㊊ሙࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪౑⏝ྍ⬟࡞ RNP ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡢᣑᙇ࡟ࡼࡿᶆⓗศᏊࡢከᵝ໬ࡸ㸪ᵓ㐀యࡢ኱ᆺ
໬ࡸ」㞧໬࡟ࡼࡿᶆⓗศᏊࡢ㓄⨨ࡢከᵝ໬ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪⣽⬊ࡢไᚚࡣ୺࡟㸪㌿෗ẁ㝵࡛ࡢไᚚࢆ㏻ࡋࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢⓎ⌧ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋᡃࠎࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛⤂௓ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪⩻ヂẁ㝵ࢆไᚚࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡸ㸪⩻ヂᚋࡢẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⣽⬊ෆ✵㛫ศᕸࢆไᚚࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪mRNA ࡢࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࢩࣥࢢࣃ
ࢱ࣮ࣥࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ RNA ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡞࡝[51]㸪௚ࡢ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ẁ㝵ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࢶ࣮ࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡࣭ࢶ࣮ࣝࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪௒ᚋ㸪ࢤࣀ࣒ࡢ⦅㞟࠿ࡽ㌿෗㸪㌿෗ᚋ RNA ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢩࣥࢢࡸಟ㣭㸪⩻ヂ㸪ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⩻ヂᚋಟ㣭ࡸ⣽⬊ෆᒁᅾ㸪௚ศᏊ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢไᚚ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿẁ㝵࣭㝵ᒙ࡛ࡢ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᒙⓗ࡞ไᚚࡣ㸪⢭ᐦ࡞⣽⬊ᶵ⬟࣭㐠࿨ࡢไᚚࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋ㸪෌⏕་⒪ࡸ
๰⸆ศ㔝࠿ࡽᇶ♏ⓗ࡞⏕࿨⛉Ꮫศ㔝ࡲ࡛㸪ᖜᗈ࠸◊✲ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷⏝࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ጞࡵ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ⠇࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ RNA/RNP ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡣ㸪ᕤᏛⓗ࣭ࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࡀከศ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ◊✲ࡢ㐍ᒎࡣ㸪⣽⬊ࡢᶵ⬟ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵ࡟୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྠ᫬࡟㸪
RNA/RNP ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ⏕యศᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸦≉࡟ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ⏕⏘ࢆక࠺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸧ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿୖ࡛㸪ࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࢆไᚚࡍࡿከᵝ࡞ࣔࢪ࣮࣭ࣗࣝ
ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
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㸦ி㒔኱Ꮫ ኱㔝༤ஂ㸪㰺⸨༤ⱥ㸧㻌㻌䠒䠊䠎㻌 䝭䝉䝹䞉䝧䝅䜽䝹䞉䝠䝗䝻䝀䝹䜢ᇶ┙䛸䛩䜛་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌་⒪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸་⒪ᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍ᒎࡀ㏆ᖺⴭࡋ࠸㸬་⒪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
࡜ࡣ㸪
་ᖌࡢ἞⒪⾜Ⅽࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿ⿦⨨࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୰࡛ࡶᡭ⾡ᨭ᥼ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ da Vinciࡣ㸪ప౵くᡭ⾡࡛࠶ࡿෆど㙾ୗᡭ⾡࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᝈ⪅యෆ࡛ࢧࣈ࣑࣓࣮ࣜࢺࣝࡢ
⢭ᗘ࡛ྍືไᚚࡉࢀࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࢔࣮࣒࡟ࡼࡾ⢭⣽࡞⮫ᗋᡭ⾡ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ⿦⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺࡛ᬑཬࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ[1]㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᚤ⣽ຍᕤᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎ࠿ࡽ㸪⏕యෆ࡛ࡣࡓࡽࡃᚤᑠ࡞་⒪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࡶ⌧ᐇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ[2]㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣ㛗ᮇ౑⏝ࡢ㝿㸪࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࡸືຊ※☜ಖࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡾ㸪▷ᮇ౑⏝࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ⏕య࠿ࡽྲྀࡾฟࡍ᪋⾡ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ໬ࡉࢀࡓ᪋⾡ࢆࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㑇ఏᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ
ไᚚࡉࢀࡓᚤ⏕≀ࡸ⏕≀㸦ࡑࡢ୍㒊㸧࡛⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺◊✲ࡀྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࡢ᪂₻ὶ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ௻ᴗ➼ࡶྵࡵάẼࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ[3]㸬
యෆ࡟ᑟධࡉࢀࡓ㑇ఏᏊᨵኚᚤ⏕≀ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᶵ⬟࡜⁫␃ᛶࢆኻ࠼ࡤ㸦ච␿⣔࠿ࡽࡢ㜵ᚚᶵᵓࢆኻ࠼ࡤ㸧యእ࡟᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㑇ఏᏊ᧯స࡛⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡓᶵ⬟ࡀᝈ⪅యෆ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞཯ᛂࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ࠿㸪Ᏻᐃ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡀᣢ⥆ࡍࡿ࠿➼㸪ᮍ▱࡞㒊ศࡣᩘከࡃṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪⏕యෆ࡛ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࣭⬟ືⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟Ⓨ⌧࡜㸪᫬ᮇࡀࡁࡓࡽᶵ⬟ࢆኻ࠸⏕యእ࡬᤼ฟࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿᛶ㉁ࢆేࡏᣢࡕ㸪ᝈ⪅࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸⣲ᛶࡢࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ᭷ᶵศᏊ࣭㧗ศᏊࡢࡳ࡛ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓ་⒪⏝ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝ̿ࡇࡇ࡛
ࡣࠕ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ࡜࿧ࡪ̿ࡀ௒ᚋ㸪➨㸱ࡢ་⒪ᢏ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せᛶࢆቑࡍࡔࢁ࠺㸬་⒪⏝ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨᙜึࡣ㸪ேᕤ⾑⟶ࡸேᕤ㛵⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝⏕య࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸㸦┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸㸧ᛶ㉁ࢆࡶࡗࡓᮦᩱࡀᕤᴗᮦᩱ࠿ࡽ㌿⏝ࡉࢀ㸪࣏࢚ࣜࢳࣞࣥ࢜࢟ࢩࢻ㸦PEO㸧㸪࣏ࣜࣅࢽࣝ࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㸦PVA㸧㸪
ࢩࣜࢥ࣮ࣥࢦ࣒㸪ࢸࣇࣟࣥ࡞࡝ࡀ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪἞⒪ຠᯝࡢቑ኱
ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚㸪ࡴࡋࢁ⏕య࡟ᑐࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟┦஫స⏝ࡍࡿᶵ⬟ᛶ᭷ᶵศᏊ࣭㧗ศᏊࡀ⥆ࠎ࡜⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[4]㸬ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽศᏊࡀ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࡗࡓ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪⮫ᗋヨ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲౛ࡸ㸪⏕య࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡓ⏬ᮇⓗ࡞ඛ➃◊✲౛ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬䛂㨱ἲ䛾ᙎ୸䛃ᆺ䛾་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖㻌ࠕ㨱ἲࡢᙎ୸ࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪ேయ࡟ࡣ↓ᐖࡔࡀ㸪ᚤ⏕≀࡟ࡣ᭷ຠ࡞໬Ꮫ⸆ရ㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿᢠ⏕≀㉁㸧ࢆ⛠ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ Ehrlich ࡀ 1900 ᖺ௦࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ㸪ᶆⓗᣦྥᆺ་⸆ࡸࣉࣟࢻࣛࢵࢢ࡞࡝ࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡇࡢᴫᛕࡣ㸪࠸ࡲࡸᢠ⏕≀㉁࡟㝈ࡽࡎ㸪ᢠࡀࢇ๣ࡸศᏊᶆⓗ⸆࡟ࡲ࡛ཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪⸆๣ࢆෆໟࡋࡓ࢝ࣉࢭࣝࢆ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔㸦㐠ᦙయ㸧࡜ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࢧ࢖ࢬࢆࢼࣀ࣓࣮ࢺ
ࣝ㡿ᇦࡲ࡛ᑠࡉࡃࡋ࡚⬦⟶⣔࡟ᑟධࡋ㸪ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛⸆๣ᨺฟࡉࡏࡿ᭱
᪂་⒪ࡀάἣ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⸆≀㏦㐩ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦ࢻࣛࢵࢢࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸹
DDS㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬DDS ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡣ㸪⸆๣ࢆෆໟࡋࡓࡲࡲ⬟ືⓗࡶࡋࡃࡣཷືⓗ࡞ࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࢆࡶࡕ㸪࿘ᅖ⎔ቃࢆࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢࡋ࡚㸪ෆໟࡍࡿ⸆๣ࢆᨺ
ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࡢ⢭⦓࡞ᶵᗎ㸪㑅ᢥᛶࡢ㧗࠸ࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢᶵᵓ㸪ᨺฟࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡜ᨺฟ㔞ࡢཝᐦ࡞ไᚚᶵᵓࡀ㸪๪స⏝ࢆᢚไࡋ࡚ຠᯝⓗ࡞἞⒪࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱㔜せㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᗈࡃ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ DDS ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢ୍ࡘ࡟㸪㧗ศᏊࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㧗ศᏊࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ DDS ࡢタィᛮ᝿ࡣ㸪Ringsdorf ࡟ࡼࡿඛ㥑ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕᥦၐ࡟➃ࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ᅗ 1 ࣑ࢭࣝࡸ࣋ࢩࢡࣝࡢᶍᘧᅗ㸦᩿㠃ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸧䠒䠊䠎㻌 䝭䝉䝹䞉䝧䝅䜽䝹䞉䝠䝗䝻䝀䝹䜢ᇶ┙䛸䛩䜛་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖ࡿ[5]㸬ࡇࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ⌧ᅾ㸪ୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡶ Kataoka ࡽࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ㸪㧗ศᏊ࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ࣑ࢭࣝ㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࢆᇶ┙࡟ࡋ࡚ DDS ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔㛤Ⓨࢆඛᑟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[6]㸬
ࡇࡢ㧗ศᏊ࣑ࢭࣝࡣ㸪⬦⟶⣔࡟ᑟධࡉࢀ࡚యෆࢆᚠ⎔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫࡟㸪ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ⣽⬊࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ⎔ቃኚ໬ࢆධຊ㸪⸆≀ᨺฟࢆฟຊ࡜ࡍࡿయෆ
ᚠ⎔ᆺࡢ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬 ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Kataoka ࡽࡣ㸪ⓑ㔠ᢠࡀࢇ๣ࢆෆໟࡋࡓ㧗ศᏊ࣑ࢭࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ⭘⒆ࡢቑ኱ࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟ᢚไ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ[7,8]㸬ⓑ㔠ᢠࡀࢇ๣㸦ࢩࢫࣉࣛࢳࣥࡸ(1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum(II)࡞࡝㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࣊ࢸࣟཎ
Ꮚ࡜ཎ⌮ୖ 2 ⟠ᡤ௨ୖ࡛㓄఩⤖ྜྍ⬟࡞㔠ᒓ㘒యࡣ㸪࢝ࣝ࣎࢟ࢩഃ㙐ࢆࡶࡘ㧗ศᏊࢆ࣑ࢭࣝࢥ࢔࡛ᯫᶫ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ 2㸧㸬ᯫᶫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣑ࢭࣝࡢᏳᐃᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ୍᪉㸪࢚ࣥࢻࢧ࢖ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫ࡛⣽⬊ෆ࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡢᑠ⬊యෆ࡛㧗⃰ᗘ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ໬≀࢖࢜ࣥ࡜ࡢ㓄఩Ꮚ஺᥮཯ᛂࢆ⤒࡚ⓑ㔠ᢠࡀࢇ๣ࡀ࣑ࢭࣝ
࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᨺฟ࡟కࡗ࡚࣑ࢭࣝࢥ࢔ࡀゎᯫᶫࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣑ࢭࣝࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㧗ศᏊࡀ࣑ࢭࣝ࠿ࡽ㐟㞳ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ᨺฟࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ᭷ᶵ㔠ᒓ㘒య࡜ศᏊ㞟ྜయࡢᛂ⟅ࢆ㧗ᗘ࡟⼥ྜࡉࡏࡓ⸆≀ᨺฟᶵᵓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬ࢼࣀ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔♫ࡢࣃ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ㸪≉࡟ࢩࢫࣉࣛࢳࣥෆໟᆺ࣑ࢭࣝᆺ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ Phase III ࡲ࡛㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡓࡵᐇ⏝໬┠๓࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ[9]㸬

ᅗ 2 ⣽⬊ෆ࡛ᢠࡀࢇ๣ࢆᨺฟࡍࡿ࣑ࢭࣝᆺ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ[7] ࣜࣥ⬡㉁࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ⿄≧஧ศᏊ⭷㸦࣋ࢩࢡࣝ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࢆ࢟ࣕࣜ
࢔ᇶ┙࡜ࡍࡿ DDS ࡣ㸪ᢠ┿⳦⸆ࢆෆໟࡋࡓ AmBisome®ࡸᢠࡀࢇ๣ࢆෆໟࡋ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࡓ DOXIL®࡞࡝ࡀࡍ࡛࡟⮫ᗋ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[10]㸬࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡣ㸪ࢥ࢔ࡀ␯Ỉⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣑ࢭࣝ࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪ෆ㒊࡟Ỉ┦ࢆࡶࡕ㸪Ỉ⁐ᛶࡢ⸆๣ࢆෆໟྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1㸧㸬AmBisome®ࡸ DOXIL®ࡣ㸪⾲㠃࡟ PEO 㙐ࢆᢸᣢࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᝈ⪅ࡢయෆ࡟ᑟධࡉࢀࡓᚋ࡟⭘⒆ࡢ≉ᐃࡢᖜࡸ㝽㛫ࢆࡶࡘ⬦⟶⣔࡟ཷືⓗ࡟ᤕᤊࡉࢀ㸪࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒⭷ศᏊࡢゎ㞳ࡸศゎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⸆๣ᨺฟࡍࡿ㸬 ᭱㏆㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚑ᮶ࡢ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ᆺ DDS ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㸪ධࢀᏊᆺ࣏ࣜ
ࢯ࣮࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⢾ᒀ⑓἞⒪ࡢ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ3㸧[11]㸬ࡲࡎ㸪㓟ᛶ᮲௳ୗ࡛ゎ㞳࣭ᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࡍࡿ஧ᮏ㙐 DNA ࢆ⤖ྜ㒊఩࡜ࡋ࡚ PEO 㙐㸦ぶỈᛶ㒊఩㸧࡜ࢥࣞࢫࢸ࣮ࣟࣝ㸦␯Ỉᛶ㒊఩㸧࡜ࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓ୧ぶ፹ᛶศᏊ࡜㸪࢔ࣝ࢟ࣝ໬⭷⼥ྜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࡜ࡀ㓄ྜࡉࢀࡓ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸦Inner ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒, ⢏Ꮚᚄᩘⓒ nm㸧ࢆస〇ࡋ㸪࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥࢆෆໟࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡃ㸬pH ࡀపୗࡍࡿ࡜㸪஧ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡀ࡯࡝ࡅ୍࡚ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ 2 ḟᵓ㐀ࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡇࡢ Inner ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ⾲㠃࠿ࡽ PEO 㙐ࡀ㐟㞳ࡋ㸪⾲㠃ୖ࡟⭷⼥ྜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡀ࠶ࡽࢃ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ḟ࡟㸪ࡇࡢ Inner ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࢆࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ࢜࢟ࢩࢲ࣮
ࢮཬࡧ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣛࢮ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᕧ኱࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸦Outer ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸪⢏ᏊᚄᩘPm㸧࡟ໟࡴ㸬ࡇࡢ Outer ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢ⭷࡟ࡣ㸪࢔ࣝ࢟ࣝ໬⭷⼥ྜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ㸪ࢢࣝࢥ
࣮ࢫ㍺㏦ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㸪ࢢ࣑ࣛࢩࢪࣥ A ࡜࠸࠺࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ࢖࢜
ࣥࢳࣕࢿࣝࡀ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࿘ᅖࡢࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ⃰ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢢࣝࢥ
࣮ࢫ㍺㏦ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ Outer ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ෆ㒊࡟ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫࡀྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ㸪ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ࢜࢟ࢩࢲ࣮ࢮࡢ㓝⣲཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ෆỈ┦ࡢ pH ࡀపୗࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥෆໟ Inner ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒⾲㠃ୖ࡛࠶ࡽࢃ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⭷⼥ྜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢆ௓ࡋ࡚⭷⼥ྜࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Inner ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡟ෆໟࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡓ࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥࡀ Outer ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬పୗࡋࡓ pH ࡣ㸪ࢢ࣑ࣛࢩࢪࣥ A ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚Ỉ⣲࢖࢜ࣥࡀ Outer ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒እ࡟᤼ฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ඖࡢ್࡟ᡠࡿ㸬ࡇࡢධࢀᏊᆺᕧ኱࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡢศᩓᾮࢆ㸪ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝᨭᣢయ࡜࡜ࡶ
࡟ I ᆺ⢾ᒀ⑓ࣔࢹ࣐ࣝ࢘ࢫ࡟ᡴࡕ㎸ࡴ࡜㸪࣐࢘ࢫࡢ⾑⢾್ࡣṇᖖ್࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᡠࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸬ከᡂศ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ༠ㄪⓗ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿᴟࡵ࡚⢭ᕦ࡞ᮏ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪⾑⢾್ࡢୖ᪼࡟క࠸࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥࢆ⾑୰࡟ᨺฟࡍࡿ⮅⮚ࡢș⣽⬊ࢆᶍೌࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼㸪ୡ⏺୰࠿ࡽὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬䠒䠊䠎㻌 䝭䝉䝹䞉䝧䝅䜽䝹䞉䝠䝗䝻䝀䝹䜢ᇶ┙䛸䛩䜛་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖ᅗ 3 ș⣽⬊ࢆᶍೌࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥᨺฟ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ[11]ᒁᡤ⁫␃ᆺ䛾䝠䝗䝻䝀䝹་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖㻌ୖグࡢᕧ኱࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒ࡣ㸪⢏ᚄࡀᩘ༑㹼ᩘⓒࢼࣀ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡢ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒࡜ࡣ
␗࡞ࡾ㸪⏕య⤌⧊࡟ᑟධࡍࡿ࡜ࡑࡢሙ࡛⁫␃ࡋࡸࡍ࠸[12]ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⾑ᾮ୰ࡢ≀㉁࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋయෆ඲య࡟⸆≀ࢆᨺฟࡍࡿᒁᡤ⁫␃ᆺ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⾑⢾್ୖ᪼࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥࢆᨺฟࡍࡿ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ⮬యࡀࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ⤌⧊࡬ࡢࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⓶ୗࡸయෆࡢ㐺ษ࡞఩⨨࡟ᇙࡵ㎸ࡴࢭࣥࢳ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㛤Ⓨࡶ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ[13]㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪Matsumoto ࡽࡣ㸪PEO ࡛⾲㠃ಟ㣭ࡋࡓᏍ࠶ࡁ࢝ࢸ
࣮ࢸࣝࡢෆ㒊࡟㸪3-ࣇࣝ࢜ࣟࣇ࢙ࢽࣝ࣎ࣟࣥ㓟ࢆഃ㙐ᮎ➃࡟ࡶࡕ㸪࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥ
ࢆྵᾐ࡛ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࡏࡓ㧗ศᏊࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆᑟධࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 4㸧[14]㸬࢝ࢸ࣮ࢸࣝ
ࡢᏍࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⾑୰ࡢࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫࡀࢤࣝෆ㒊࡟ᾐ㏱ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆᵓᡂࡍ
ࡿ㧗ศᏊࡢഃ㙐ࡢ 3-ࣇࣝ࢜ࣟࣇ࢙ࢽࣝ࣎ࣟࣥ㓟㒊఩ࡀࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ࡜࢚ࢫࢸࣝ
⤖ྜࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪୰ᛶ࠿ࡽ㈇㟁Ⲵࢆࡶࡘ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡀ୍ᒙỈ࿴ࡋ㸪㧗ศᏊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀ࡯࡝ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥࡀᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡾ࢝ࢸ࣮ࢸࣝᏍ
࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ௙⤌ࡳ[15]࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⾑୰ࡢࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ⃰ᗘࡀపୗࡍࡿ࡜㸪࢚ࢫࢸࣝࡀຍỈศゎࡍࡿ᪉ྥ࡟ᖹ⾮ࡀ⛣ືࡋ࡚㸪㈇㟁Ⲵࢆኻࡗࡓඖࡢ≧ែ࡟ᡠࡾ㸪⬺Ỉࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚෌ᗘࢤࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᐦ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥࡢᣑᩓࡀ
ᢚไࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࢝ࢸ࣮ࢸࣝࢆ⢾ᒀ⑓ࣔࢹ࣐ࣝ࢘ࢫ࡟ᑟධࡍࡿ࡜㸪⾑⢾್ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ᅗ 4 ࢝ࢸ࣮ࢸࣝ࡜ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣥࢫࣜࣥᨺฟ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ[14] ࡀࢇࡢ἞⒪࡟࠾࠸࡚⭘⒆఩⨨ࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪እ⛉ᡭ⾡࡟ࡼࡾྲྀࡾ㝖ࡁ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟෌Ⓨࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵᢠࡀࢇ๣ࢆࡑࡢ࿘ᅖ࡟ὀධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⸆๣ࡀ༶ᗙ࡟ᣑᩓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚἞⒪ຠᯝࡀⷧࢀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪࿘ᅖࡢṇᖖ⤌⧊࡬ࡢ๪స⏝ࡶ࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢሙྜࡶ㸪ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬2018 ᖺ㸪Gu ࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝᆺࡢᢠ
ࡀࢇ἞⒪⸆ᨺฟ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸦ᅗ 5㸧ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ[16]㸬ᙼࡽࡣάᛶ㓟⣲✀(Reactive oxygen species㸹ROS)࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚⁐ゎࡍࡿ㧗ศᏊࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝ࡟పศᏊ
ࡢᢠࡀࢇ๣࡜ච␿ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ㜼ᐖᢠయࢆᦚ㍕ࡋ㸪ከẁ㝵࡛ࡀࢇࡢ἞⒪ຠᯝࢆ≺ࡗࡓ㸬௦⾲ⓗ࡞ ROS ࡛࠶ࡿ㐣㓟໬Ỉ⣲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ษ᩿཯ᛂࡀ㐍ࡴࣇ࢙ࢽࣝ࣎ࣟࣥ㓟࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᯫᶫศᏊ࡜ PVA ࠿ࡽྜᡂࡋࡓ㧗ศᏊࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡣ㸪⭘⒆
࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ ROS ࡢ㓟໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⥙┠ᵓ㐀ࡀ␯࡟࡞ࡾෆໟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ἞⒪⸆ࢆᚎᨺ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟㸪ᢠࡀࢇ๣࡜ච␿ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ㜼ᐖᢠయࢆྵࡲࡏࡓࡇࡢ
ࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆ㸪ᢸ⒴࣐࢘ࢫࡢ⭘⒆࿘ᅖ࡛ࡑࡢሙ(in situ)ྜᡂࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪⭘⒆࡛
Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ ROS ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢤࣝ࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡓᢠࡀࢇ๣ࡀ⒴⣽⬊࡟┤᥋స⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࡢᢠࡀࢇ๣ࡢస⏝࡛ච␿ཎᛶࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓࡀࢇ⣽⬊ࢆ㸪㐜ࢀ࡚ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿᢠయ࡟ࡼࡿ⭘⒆ච␿άᛶ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨷᧁ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ
ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⭘⒆࿘ᅖࡢ๪స⏝ࢆᢚ࠼࡞ࡀࡽ⭘⒆࡬ࡢ໬Ꮫ⒪ἲ࡜ච␿⒪ἲࢆ㐺ษ࡞ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛సື࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪⾡ᚋࡢࡀࢇࡢ෌Ⓨࡸ㌿⛣ࢆᢚไ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬䠒䠊䠎㻌 䝭䝉䝹䞉䝧䝅䜽䝹䞉䝠䝗䝻䝀䝹䜢ᇶ┙䛸䛩䜛་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖

ᅗ 5 ࡑࡢሙྜᡂ㧗ศᏊࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ἞⒪⸆ᚎᨺ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ[16] 㧗ศᏊࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪పศᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ㉸ศᏊࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡶ㸪⎔ቃኚ໬࡜࠸࠺ධຊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪⸆๣➼ࢆᨺฟ࡛ࡁࡿᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡿ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
࡜࡞ࡿ[17]㸬ࢤࣝᵓᡂศᏊࡀపศᏊ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪యෆࡢ㓝⣲ࡢᇶ㉁࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡚ẚ⾲㠃✚ࡢᑠࡉ࡞ࣄࢻࣟࢤ࡛ࣝࡶ㏿ࡸ࠿࡞⸆≀ᨺฟࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ㸪ࢤࣝᮦᩱࡶయෆ࡟ṧࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ฼Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪⡿ᅜ㣗ရ་⸆ရᒁ㸦FDA㸧ࡢ GRAS㸦㣗ရῧຍ≀࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿᏳ඲ᇶ‽ྜ᱁ド㸧ࣜࢫࢺෆ࡟࠶ࡿ࢔ࣝࢥࣝࣅࣥ㓟࡜㧗⣭⬡⫫㓟࡜ࡢ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ໬ྜ≀ࡣ㸪Ỉ୰࡛ࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ
࣮≧࡟⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᢠ⅖⑕⸆ࢆໟᇙࡋࡓࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆᙧᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ[18]㸬
ࡇࡢࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࡢࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࡣ⾲㠃ࡀ㈇㟁Ⲵࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⾲㠃ࡀṇ㟁Ⲵࢆᖏࡧࡸࡍ࠸኱⭠⅖⑕㒊఩࡟㟼㟁ⓗ࡟ࡦࡁ࠶࠺㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪኱⭠⅖⑕㒊఩ࡢୖ⓶㏆ഐ࡟ࡇࡢࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆ௜⨨ࡍࡿ࡜㸪኱⭠ୖ⓶ࡢ㓝⣲ࡀࢤࣝᵓᡂศᏊࢆศゎࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾᢠ⅖⑕⸆ࡀࢤࣝ࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀ㸪⅖⑕ࢆ㙠ࡵࡿຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬
Gajanayake ࡽࡣ㸪ྠࡌࡃ GRAS ࣜࢫࢺෆࡢపศᏊࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㸪ᢠ⅖⑕๣ࢆෆໟ
ࡋࡓࡲࡲࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ⬡⫫㓟࢚ࢫࢸࣝࢆ୎ᑀ࡟㑅ᐃࡋ㸪ྠᵝࡢ᪉㔪࡛㸪ࣛࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⾑⟶᯶௜ࡁ」ྜ⤌⧊ྠ✀⛣᳜᫬࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ᢠ⅖⑕ຠᯝࡀ⾲ࢀ㸪⛣᳜ᡭ⾡ࡢᡂຌ⋡ࡢྥୖ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ[19]㸬
໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ䛷㥑ື䞉ኚᙧ䛩䜛་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖㻌⬟ືⓗ࡞ࣔࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣮㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪⎔ቃ୰ࡢ໬Ꮫ≀㉁࠿ࡽຊࢆᚓ࡚㸪ື࠸ࡓࡾኚᙧࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚㸪≉ᐃࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟฿㐩ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ⸆≀ࢆᨺฟࡍࡿ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࡢ◊✲ࡶ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ[20,21]㸬Joseph ࡽࡣ㸪୧ぶ፹ᛶࡢࣈࣟࢵࢡࢥ࣏࣐࣮ࣜ2 ✀࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ␗᪉ᙧ≧ࡢ࣋ࢩࢡࣝ࡟ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ࢜࢟ࢩࢱ࣮ࢮ㸦࠾ࡼࡧ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣛ
ࢮ㸧ࢆ㓄ྜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ⃰ᗘ໙㓄࡟㏫ࡽࡗ࡚㥑ືࡍࡿࢼࣀ࣓࣮ࢺ
ࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 6㸧[22]㸬ࡇࢀࡢ㥑ືຊࡣ㸪࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࿘ᅖ
ࡢࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫᾘ㈝࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ୙ᆒ୍⃰ᗘሙ࡛ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉ྥⓗ࡞Ὃື㸦⮬ᕫᣑᩓὋື࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸧ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[23]㸬ࡇࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟⾑ᾮ⬻㛵㛛㸦⬻ࡢ⤌⧊ᾮ࡜⾑ᾮ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ≀㉁஺᥮ᶵᵓ㸧࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿ DDS
ᢏ⾡࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔⾲㠃࡟⾑ᾮ⬻㛵㛛࡛ᙉࡃⓎ⌧ࡉࢀࡿཷᐜయࡢᇶ㉁࡜࡞ࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡏ㸪⾑୰ࡢࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ⃰ᗘ໙㓄࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚ࣛࢵࢺయෆ
ࡢ⾑ᾮ⬻㛵㛛࡬฿㐩ࡍࡿ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞㥑ືᆺࠕ㨱ἲࡢᙎ୸ࠖࢆ๰ฟࡋࡓ㸬᭱ᚋ࡟㸪࿘ᅖ⎔ቃࡢ่⃭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚᙧࡍࡿ㸪࣑࣓࣮ࣜࢺࣝ࠿ࡽࢭࣥࢳ࣓࣮ࢺ
ࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ་⒪⏝ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪௒ᚋࡢ㠉᪂ⓗ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵ
ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸[24,25]㸬ኚᙧᶵᵓࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀యࡢᙧ≧࡟౫Ꮡࡋࡓ㠀ᑐ⛠࡞⇕⭾ᙇࡸᙧ≧グ᠈ᶵ⬟࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪Bassik ࡽࡣ㸪㓝⣲࡟ᛂ⟅ᅗ 6ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚⬻ࡲ࡛⾑୰ࢆ㥑ືࡍࡿ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ[22]ࡋ࡚ศゎࡍࡿ㧗ศᏊࢆ⤌ྜࡏ㸪ศゎ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㛤㛢ࡍࡿ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࢡࣜ
ࢵࣉ㸦ᅗ 7㸧ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ[26]㸬ࢡࣜࢵࣉࡢྍື㒊ศ࡟㸪ࢮࣛࢳࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ࢝ࣝ࣎
࢟ࢩ࣓ࢳࣝࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫࡢࣄࢻࣟࢤࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ∦㠃ࢆ㔠ᒓⷧ⭷࡛そ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪㓝⣲࡟ࡼࡿ่⃭࡛ศゎࡋ࡚⭾ᙇ཰⦰ࡀ㠀ᑐ⛠࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ྍື㒊఩ࡀ཯ࡿࡼ࠺
࡟タィࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࢡࣜࢵࣉࡀ㸪ࢮࣛࢳࣥࢆศゎࡍࡿ㓝⣲ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ᵓ㐀≀ࢆࡣࡉࡳ㸪⥆࠸࡚࢝ࣝ࣎࢟ࢩ࣓ࢳࣝࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫࢆศゎࡍࡿ㓝⣲ࡢࡶ࡜࡛㸪ࡣࡉࢇ࡛࠸

䠒䠊䠎㻌 䝭䝉䝹䞉䝧䝅䜽䝹䞉䝠䝗䝻䝀䝹䜢ᇶ┙䛸䛩䜛་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖ࡓᵓ㐀≀ࢆᨺฟࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺୍㐃ࡢኚᙧࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㸪ࣄࢺࡢᾘ໬⟶⣔ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝᐇ
ドࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ศᏊࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ࣎ࢺ࣒࢔ࢵࣉ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ᵓ㐀యࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ
ࡢࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࡿࡇ࡜࡛᪂ࡋ࠸་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ
⏕ࡲࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ 7㛤㛢ࢡࣜࢵࣉᆺ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ[26]
䜎䛸䜑㻌Ỉ୰࡛⮬ᕫ㞟ྜࡍࡿ᭷ᶵศᏊࡸ㧗ศᏊ࡞࡝ࡢேᕤศᏊࡢ໬Ꮫ࡜⏕యศᏊࡢ໬Ꮫࡢ┦஌ⓗⓎᒎࡣ㸪ྛ㝵ᒙࡢࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝࡢඹᏑᛶࡸᛂ⟅ᛶࡢ㝈⏺࡜㐺ᛂᛶࢆぢᴟࡵ㸪ᣑᙇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋ㸪Ὑ⦎ࡋࡓ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ๰〇࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㸬DNA ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮㸦₇⟬ࡢ㧗ḟ໬㸧ࡸ᰾㓟࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࢔ࣉࢱ࣐࣮
㸦㑅ᢥᛶࡢྥୖ㸧ࡀⓎᒎࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡬ᦚ㍕ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࢀࡤ㸪ྠ୍ࡢᶵᗎ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞⤌⧊ูࡢ⑌ᝈ࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢࡍࡿࣂ࢖࣐࣮࣮࢜࢝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨺฟࡍࡿ⸆๣ࡢ✀㢮ࡸࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࢆࡑࡢሙ
࡛ኚ࠼ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪ḟୡ௦ࡢᇶ┙ⓗ་⒪ᢏ⾡࡬ᒎ㛤ྍ⬟࡞་⒪ศᏊ
ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀㄌ⏕ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜኱࠸࡟ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬
[1] B. S. Peters et al., Review of emerging surgical robotic technology, Sur. Endosc.,32, pp. 1636–1655, 2018.
[2] M. Sitti et al., Biomedical applications of untethered mobile milli/microrobots, Proc
IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng., 103, 2, pp. 205–224, 2015.
[3] A. S. Khalil, J. J. Collins, Synthetic biology: applications come of age, Nat. Rev.
Gene., 11, pp. 367–379, 2010.
[4]㉥ụᩄᏹ㸦2008㸧ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢸࣜ࢔࣮ࣝ࣡ࣝࢻ࡬ࡢᣍᚅࢸࢡࣀࢿࢵࢺ♫[5]H. Ringsdorf, J. Polymer Sci.: Symposium, 51, pp.135–153, 1975.
[6] H. Cabral, K. Kataoka, Progress of drug-loaded polymeric micelles into clinicalstudies, J. Control. Release, 190, pp.465–476, 2014.

➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝

[7] N. Nishiyama, et al., Novel cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles can eradicate
solid tumors in mice, Cancer Res., 63, 24, pp.8977–8983, 2003.
[8] M. Murakami, et al., Improving drug potency and efficacy by nanocarrier-mediatedsubcellular targeting, Sci. Transl. Med., 3, 64, 64ra2, 2011.
[9] http://www.nanocarrier.co.jp/research/pipeline/02.html[10]B. S. Pattni, V. V. Chupin, V. P. Torchilin, New developments in liposomal drugdelivery, Chem. Rev., 115, pp.10938–10966, 2015.
[11] Z. Chen, et al., Synthetic beta cells for fusion-mediated dynamic insulin secretion,Nat. Chem. Biol., 14, pp.86–93, 2018.
[12] H. Hayashi et al., Development of a non-blurring, dual-imaging tissue marker for
gastrointestinal tumor localization, Surg. Endosc., 29, 6, pp. 1445–1451, 2015.
[13] K. M. Bratlie et al., Materials for diabetes therapeutics, Adv. Healthcare Mater., 1,
pp.267–284, 2012.
[14] A. Matsumoto et al., Synthetic “smart gel” provides glucose-responsive insulindelivery in diabetic mice, Sci. Adv., 3, 11, pp. eaaq0723, 2017.
[15] D. Shiino et al., Biomaterials, 15, 2, pp. 121–128, 1994.
[16] C. Wang et al., In situ formed reactive oxygen species–responsive scaffold withgemcitabine and checkpoint inhibitor for combination therapy, Sci. Transl. Med., 10,429, pp. eaan3682, 2018.
[17] X. Du et al., Supramolecular hydrogelators and hydrogels: From soft matter tomolecular biomaterials, Chem. Rev.,105, pp.13165–13307, 2015.
[18] S. Zhang, et al., An inflammation-targeting hydrogel for local drug delivery ininflammatory bowel disease, Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 300, pp. 300ra128, 2015.
[19] T. Gajanayake, et al., A single localized dose of enzyme-responsive hydrogel
improves long-term survival of a vascularized composite allograft, Sci. Transl. Med.,6, 249, pp. 249ra110, 2014.
[20] F. Peng, Y. Tua, D. A. Wilson, Micro/nanomotors towards in vivo application: cell,tissue and biofluid, Chem. Soc. Rev., 46, pp.5289−310, 2017.
[21] J. R. Baylis, et al., Self-propelled particles that transport cargo through flowing
blood and halt hemorrhage, Sci. Adv., 1, 9, pp. e1500379, 2015.
[22] A. Joseph, et al., Chemotactic synthetic vesicles: Design and applications in bloodbrain barrier crossing, Sci. Adv., 3, 8, pp.e1700362, 2017.
[23] G. Volpe, S. Gigan, G. Volpe, Simulation of the active Brownian motion of a䠒䠊䠎㻌 䝭䝉䝹䞉䝧䝅䜽䝹䞉䝠䝗䝻䝀䝹䜢ᇶ┙䛸䛩䜛་⒪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖

microswimmer, Am. J. Phys., 82, pp.659−664, 2014.
[24] S. -J. Jeon, et al., Shape-Morphing Materials from Stimuli-Responsive HydrogelHybrids, Acc. Chem. Res., 50, 2, pp.161−169, 2017.
[25] C. L. Randall, E. Gultepe, D. H. Gracias, Self-folding devices and materials forbiomedical applications, Trends Biotechnol., 30, 3, pp. 138−146, 2012.
[26] N. Bassik, et al., Enzymatically Triggered Actuation of Miniaturized Tools, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 132, 46, pp.16314–16317, 2010.
㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ ㇏⏣ኴ㑻㸪ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ ụ⏣ᑗ㸪ᮾி኱Ꮫ ᮏከᬛ㸧䠒䠊䠏㻌 ேᕤⓗ䛻ไᚚྍ⬟䛺᰾㓟་⸆䛻ྥ䛡䛶㻌ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ┠ᣦࡍඛࡢ୍ࡘ࡟⏕యෆ࡛ࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬⮬❧ⓗ࡟⪃࠼㸪⾜ືྍ⬟ࡍࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⏕యෆࡢ᝟ሗࢆࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢ࣭ฎ⌮ࡋࡓᚋ㸪デ᩿⤖ᯝࡢฟຊࡸ἞⒪࡬┤᥋⧅ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᮏࢥ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵ
ࢺ࡟ෆໟࡍࡿ⸆๣ࡢೃ⿵࡛࠶ࡿ᰾㓟་⸆࡜ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ་⸆ရ
ᛂ⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グ㏙ࡍࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪࢜ࣜࢦࢾࢡࣞ࢜ࢳࢻࢆ┤᥋་⸆ရ࡜ࡋ
࡚⏝࠸ࡿ᰾㓟་⸆ࡢ◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫἲ[1]ࡸ࢔ࣥࢳ
ࢪ࣮ࣥἲ[2]࡞࡝ᶆⓗ᰾㓟࡜⤖ྜࡋ㸪㌿෗ࡸ⩻ヂࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࡑࡢ⸆
ຠࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿ(ᅗ 1a)㸬᰾㓟ࡢ㧗࠸㓄ิ≉␗ᛶࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪๪స⏝ࡢᑡ࡞࠸⸆๣
(a)

DNA

(b)

RNA

C
N

N
O
H
O

N
H
O
H

CNVD

(c)
mRNA
RNA

ᅗ㸯

×

CNVK

(d)

Amount of GFP mRNA / %

siRNA

CNVK

(e)

100+
80+
60+
40+
20+
0+

1+

2+

3+

4+

(a)᰾㓟་⸆ (b)ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟 (c)ගᛂ⟅ேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࢔ࣥࢳ
ࢭࣥࢫຠᯝ (d)㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ᢚไຠᯝ (e) Photo-induced double duplex➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࡀᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬㑇ఏᏊ⑌ᝈ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡞἞⒪ἲࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ┠ᣦࡍ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࡢ㝿㸪᰾㓟་⸆ࡣ㔜せ࡞࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺࡢ୍ࡘ
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᰾㓟་⸆࡛ࡣᶆⓗ᰾㓟࡜ࡢ⤖ྜຊࡀᙉ࠸࡯࡝㸪㌿෗ࡶࡋࡃࡣ⩻ヂࡢ㜼ᐖຠᯝࡀ㧗࠸㸬⸨ᮏ◊✲ᐊ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㉸㧗㏿ගᯫᶫ཯ᛂ (Ultra-Fast photo-Crosslinking : UFC)ࢆ⏝࠸ࢀࡤᩘ⛊ࡢග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾᶆⓗ᰾㓟࡜ගᯫᶫྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㧗ຠ⋡࡞㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ᢚไࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ(ᅗ 1b,1c)㸬GFP-HeLa ⣽⬊ෆ࡟ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆྵࡴ࢔ࣥࢳࢭࣥࢫ᰾㓟ࢆ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࢡࢩࣙࣥἲ࡟ࡼࡾᑟධࡋ㸪ග↷ᑕࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ[3]㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪10 ⛊ࡢග↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ GFP 㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧ࢆ 90%㏆ࡃᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ(ᅗ 1d)㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ග᧯సἲࡢ฼Ⅼ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿග↷ᑕࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛཯ᛂࢆไᚚྍ⬟࡞ࡓࡵ㸪ග↷ᑕࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡾ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪஧ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᯫᶫྍ⬟࡞ග᧯సᢏ⾡ࡣ࢔ࣥࢳࢪ࣮ࣥἲ࡬ᛂ⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪ගᛂ⟅ᛶேᕤ᰾㓟࡛࠶ࡿ 3cyanovinylcarbazole ࡢ௚㸪5-cyanouridine ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ஧ᮏ㙐 DNA ࡟ᑐࡍࡿගᯫᶫᢏ⾡(Photo-induced double duplex: PIDD)ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ[4]㸪
௒ᚋ࢔ࣥࢳࢪ࣮ࣥἲ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ(ᅗ 1e)㸬

(

(

)

)

ᅗ㸰 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ⏝࠸ࡓ㑇ఏᏊ἞⒪ ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ୍ࡘࡢ┠ᶆࡣ᳨ฟ࣭デ᩿࣭἞⒪ࡲ୍࡛㐃ࡢὶࢀࢆ඲࡚⾜࠼ࡿศᏊࢻࢡࢱ࣮ࡔ࡜⚾ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࢻࢡࢱ࣮ࡀデ᩿ࡋ㸪἞⒪(⸆๣ᢞ୚)ࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡣศᏊ࡟ࠕ⮬❧ⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᶵ⬟ࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡞
࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⮬❧ⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ᰾㓟་⸆἞⒪ࡣᚑ᮶ࡢᢠయ་⸆ࡸపศᏊ་⸆࡟ࡣ࡞࠸㸪᪂ࡓ
࡞἞⒪࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬䠒䠊䠏㻌 ேᕤⓗ䛻ไᚚྍ⬟䛺᰾㓟་⸆䛻ྥ䛡䛶




[1]

B. Weiss, G. Davidkova, LW. Zhou, Antisense RNA gene therapy for studying
and modulating biological processes, Cell. Mol. Life. Sci., 55, 3, pp 334-358, 1999.

[2]

KM. Nagel, SG. Holstad, KE. Lsenberg, Oligonucleotide Pharmacotherapy: anantigene strategy, Pharmacotherapy, 13, 3, pp 177-188, 1993.

[3]

T. Sakamoto, A. Shigeno, Y. Ohtaki, K. Fujimoto, Photo-regulation of constitutive
gene expression in living cells by using ultrafast photo-cross-linking
oligonucleotides, Biomatter. Sci., 2, 9, pp 1154-1157, 2014.

[4]

S. Nakamura, H. Kawabata, K. Fujimoto, Double duplex invasion of DNA
induced by ultrafast photo-cross-linking using 3-cyanovinylcarbazole toward for
antigene method, Chem. Commun., 53, pp 7616-7619, 2017㸦໭㝣ඛ➃⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ ⸨ᮏ೺㐀㸧䠒䠊䠐㻌 ศᏊ䛿䜔䜆䛥䛾ክ㻌㏆ᮍ᮶ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢᛂ⏝ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ேᕤ⾨ᫍࡣࡸࡪࡉࡀᑠᝨ
ᫍ࢖ࢺ࢝࣡ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆᆅ⌫࡟ᣢࡕᖐࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆࡶࡕ࠸ࡓ⏕యෆࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ㸤ࣜࢱ࣮ࣥ᥈ᰝ㸦ศᏊࡣࡸࡪࡉ㸧ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ⏕యዟ῝ࡃศࡅධࡗ࡚ศᏊࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆᣢࡕᖐࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᬑ㏻ࡢデ᩿ᢏ⾡࡛ࡣࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞೺ᗣ≧ែࡢ⢭ᐦ࡞ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡸ⑓Ẽࡢデ᩿ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ศᏊࡣࡸࡪࡉࡢලయⓗ࡞ᡭ㡰ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ᚤ⏕≀ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵ
ࢺࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇྵࡲࢀࡿὀᑕᾮࢆ⾑⟶࡟ὀᑕࡍࡿ࡜㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⾑ὶ࡟ࡢࡗ࡚యෆࡢ㝮ࠎࡲ࡛㐠ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ㸬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࡣὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓඛ࡛≉ᐃࡢศᏊࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᝟
ሗࢆ࠶ࡘࡵࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾศᏊࣟ࣎⾲㠃ࡢࣞࢭࣉࢱ࣮࡟≉ᐃศᏊࡀ⤖ྜࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࢀࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ෆ㒊࡟ఏࢃࡾ㸪ศᏊィ⟬ᅇ㊰ࡀࡑࡢศᏊࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑ
ࡢ⃰ᗘࢆグ᠈ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪࿘ᅖࡢ⎔ቃࡀ≉ᐃࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ࡜ุᐃ
ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ࡑࡢሙᡤࡢศᏊࢧࣥࣉࣝ
ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡍࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪≉ᐃࡢ࣐࣮࢞ࣥ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ་⒪ᛂ⏝࣮࢝ศᏊࡢ⃰ᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡜ࡁ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㏆ࡃࡢ⣽⬊⾲㠃ࡢศᏊࢆࡣࡂྲྀࡗ
࡚ෆ㒊࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎࡟ࡣ⮬ࡽὋࡄ⬟ຊࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪యෆ࡟࠸ࡁࢃࡓࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡈࡃᑡᩘ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᅇ཰ࢻࢵࢡ㸦⾑ᾮ᥇ྲྀࣃࢵࢳ㸧࡛ᅇ཰ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᅇ཰ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࣅ࣮ࢡࣝࡣ⾑ᾮ୰ࡢ㓝⣲࡟ࡼࡾ⮬↛࡟ศゎࡉࢀࡿ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࡀᅇ཰ࢻࢵࢡ࡟ᣢࡕᖐࡗࡓᚤ㔞ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⃰⦰ࡋ㸪ࢼࣀ࣏࢔ࢆ
㏻ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ࡜ࡁࡢᚤᙅ࡞㟁ὶࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࠿ࡽ㸪ࢧࣥࣉࣝศᏊࡢ୍ศᏊ
༢఩ࡢ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࢆࣂ࢖࢜࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣐ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⢭ᐦ࡞デ᩿ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊࡣࡸࡪࡉࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢศᏊࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࣞࢭࣉࢱ࣮㸪ศᏊࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿศᏊࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ㸪ศᏊධຊࢆグ᠈ࡍࡿ཯ᛂᅇ㊰㸪ᚤ㔞ศᏊࡢゎᯒᢏ⾡ࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞ࣂ࢖࢜࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣐ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡞࡝ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬 ᅗ㸯 ศᏊࡣࡸࡪࡉࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ
㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᮧ⏣ ᬛ㸧㻌㻌䠓䠊䠍㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖೔⌮䛾ᚲせᛶ䛸ㄢ㢟➨䠓❶㻌 㻌
ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾♫఍ཷᐜ㻌㻌䠓䠊䠍㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖೔⌮䛾ᚲせᛶ䛸ㄢ㢟㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㸪⏕యศᏊࢆ୺ࡓࡿᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ㸪ឤぬ࡜▱⬟࡜㐠ື࡜࠸࠺ࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺࡢ୕せ⣲ࢆഛ࠼ࡓேᕤ≀࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶ᆺࡢ㟁ᏊᶵᲔᘧࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜㐪࠸㸪⣽⬊࡜ྠࡌ࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒㸪ᚤᑠ⟶㸪ศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ㸪'1$ ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⏕య㧗ศᏊ࠿ࡽᵓ
ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ேయ࡜ࡢぶ࿴ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺ⅬࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆேయ࡟ᢞ୚ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ་⸆ရ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࢆ㑂Ᏺࡋ㸪ရ㉁࣭᭷ຠᛶ࣭Ᏻ඲ᛶࢆド᫂ࡋ㸪㛵ಀ┬ᗇ࠿ࡽࡢチㄆྍࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ
⮫ᗋヨ㦂ࢆጞࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ་⸆ရ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡣᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆேయ࡟ᢞ୚ࡋ࡚ࡼ
࠸࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆุᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ࡑࢀ௨๓࡟㸪ேయ࡟ศᏊࣟ
࣎ࢵࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞␗≀ࢆᢞ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ೔⌮ⓗ࡟チࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚༑ศ࡞♫఍ⓗࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀඛ࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒ࠿ࡽ㸪-67ࠕே࡜᝟ሗࡢ࢚ࢥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖ஦ᴗࡢ୍㈏࡜ࡋ࡚㸪 ᖺᗘ࡟ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡࡟ᑐࡍࡿἲᚊ࣭೔⌮࣭⤒῭࣭ᩍ⫱࠿ࡽࡢ᥋㏆ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࠖ࡜࠸࠺೔⌮ㄪᰝ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ>@ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓ㸬 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ (/6, ◊✲࡜ࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒ᢏ⾡࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ◊✲ࡢඹ๰ࠖ>@࠾ࡼࡧࠕ᝟ሗᢏ⾡࣭ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㆟㢟ඹ๰ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࣭ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡢᵓ⠏ࠖ>@࡜࠸࠺ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵ
ࢺ೔⌮࡟㛵ࡍࡿඹ๰◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓ>@㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮ㄪᰝ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪༙ᖺ㛫࡟㸰ᅇࡢ◊✲఍࡜ᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤ദࡋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀ♫఍࡟ཷᐜࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪♫఍ᢏ⾡ࡢ
ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㆟ㄽࡍ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓ>@㸬೔⌮࣭ἲᚊ࣭♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟 (/6,ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡ࡢ (/6, ࡜ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ࡞࡝ࡢ௚ࡢศ㔝ࡢ (/6,࡜ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ 7$ ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟♫➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ♫఍ཷᐜ఍࣭⤒῭࣭ᨻ἞࣭⎔ቃ࡟኱ࡁ࡞࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿⴌⱆⓗ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓ>@㸬ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪 ᫬Ⅼ࡛ୗグࡢ㸲ࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟ὀຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣭ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ೔⌮ἲᚊ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟 (/6, ࣭ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ 7$ ࣭ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ⟇ᐃ࣭ᅜ㝿Ꮫ⏕ࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺ %,202' ࡛ࡢ (/6, ࡢᒎ㛤ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾೔⌮ἲᚊ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟㻔㻱㻸㻿㻵㻕㻌 ೔⌮ⓗἲⓗ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟 (/6, ࡜ࡣ㸪 ᖺ࡟࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࣄࢺࢤࣀ࣒ィ⏬ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓ㝿࡟㸪ࢤࣀ࣒㓄ิゎᯒࡢ◊✲ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⏕࿨ࡢᑛཝ㸪ᕪูࡢᢚṆ㸪᝟ሗಖㆤ㸪▱ࡿᶒ฼࡞࡝㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ⏕ࡌࡿ೔⌮ⓗ (WKLFDO 㸪ἲⓗ/HJDO ࠾ࡼࡧ♫఍ⓗㄢ㢟 6RFLDO,PSOLFDWLRQ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶከゅⓗ࡟◊✲ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㐀ࡽࢀࡓ⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫศ㔝࠾ࡼࡧ་Ꮫศ
㔝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟኱ᆺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣඛ➃ⓗ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡜ࡑࡢ (/6, ◊✲ࢆྠ᫬࡟㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍⯡໬ࡋࡓ㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ (/6, ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡀࠕྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࠖࡢືྥㄪᰝ୪ࡧ࡟ࠕ⎔ቃࣜࢫࢡホ౯࣭⟶⌮ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠖࡢ㆟ㄽືྥㄪᰝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
ሗ࿌᭩>@࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩࡟ࡣ㸪 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࡢ◊✲
㛤Ⓨືྥࡢㄪᰝ◊✲࡟ຍ࠼㸪ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࡢ♫఍ⓗᙳ㡪㸪ἲつไ㸪௒ᚋ᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟ࡀ⡆₩࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ࡜ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡢᕪ␗࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ (/6, ࢆฟⓎⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ (/6, ࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࡣ࡝ࡕࡽࡶࠕேᕤ⣽⬊ࠖࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣඹ
㏻┠ᶆࢆᣢࡕ㸪'1$ 㓄ิࡸேᕤ᰾㓟ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⏕యศᏊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆไᚚࡍࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ᡭἲࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࡢᡂᯝ≀ࡣࠕ⏕≀ࠖࡢ⠊␪࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣࠕ㠀⏕≀ࠖࡢ⠊␪࡟ᒓࡍࡿⅬࡀ᰿ᮏⓗ࡟␗࡞ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ⏕యศᏊ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪⏕≀ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᣺ࡿ
⯙࠺ࡀ㸪࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶேᕤ≀㸦㠀⏕≀㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ (/6, ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࡢ
ཎⅬ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ἲไ㠃࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⏕≀࠿㠀⏕≀࠿࡜࠸࠺㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮࠼⏕≀➼ࡢ౑⏝➼ࡢつไ࡟ࡼࡿ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢ☜ಖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࠖ㸦㏻⛠ࠕ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࠖ㸧࡛つไ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺㸪ἲⓗゎ㔘ၥ㢟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ䠓䠊䠍㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖೔⌮䛾ᚲせᛶ䛸ㄢ㢟ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡘ㸬࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ⏕≀ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྜᡂ⏕≀ࡣࡇࡢ⠊␪࡟ධࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆᩥᏐ㏻ࡾゎ㔘ࡍࡿ࡜ᑐ㇟እ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡓࡔ㸪࢘࢖ࣝࢫࡸࣇ࢓࣮ࢪࡶ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢ࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿ࠿ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢ௚㸪ࣂ࢖࢜ࢭ࣮ࣇࢸ࢕࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⎔ቃ⏕ṧᛶ㸪୙ᛶ㉁ࡢ๰Ⓨ㸪ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ୖࡢㄢ㢟㸪♫఍ⓗᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢹࣗ࢔࣮ࣝࣘࢫ㸪ࢸࣟᑐ⟇㸪⏕࿨೔⌮࡞࡝ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ࡜ྠᵝ࡞೔⌮ⓗᠱ᱌஦㡯ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㆟ㄽࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖㻔㼀㻭㻕㻌 ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ 7$ ࡜ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࣭࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫ
ࢸ࣒ࡸἲไᗘ࡟‽ᣐࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡞ඛ㐍ᢏ⾡࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࡢ᪩ᮇẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑗ᮶ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞♫఍ⓗᙳ㡪ࢆணᮇࡋ㸪ᢏ⾡ࡸ♫఍ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ
ၥ㢟ᥦ㉳ࡸពᛮỴᐃࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿไᗘࡸάືࢆᣦࡍ>@㸬7$ ࡟⥆ࡃ♫఍⛉Ꮫⓗ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࣭ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ 57$ ࠾ࡼࡧ㈐௵
࠶ࡿ◊✲࡜࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ 55, ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬57$ ࡣᅇ㢳ⓗ࡟ᢏ⾡ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪♫఍⛉Ꮫࡸᨻ⟇◊✲ࢆ⮬↛⛉ᏛⓗⓎぢࡸᕤᏛⓗⓎ᫂࡟᭱ึ࠿
ࡽ㛵୚ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠕࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒ࠖ࡟ᢏ⾡ホ౯ࢆᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬୍᪉㸪55, ࡣ (/6, ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㐨ᚨⓗ᰿ᣐ࡛ᢏ⾡Ⓨᒎࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪩ᮇẁ㝵࡛ṇ࡜㈇ࡢつ⠊ⓗㄢ㢟ࢆᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛♫఍ⓗ࡟ᮃࡲࡋ࠸࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑟࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
>@㸬௨ୗ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡇࢀࡽࡢάື࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬 ࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࣭ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪-67ࠕ᝟ሗᢏ⾡࣭ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㆟㢟ඹ๰ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࣭ࢸࢡࣀࣟ
ࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡢᵓ⠏㸦௦⾲ᶆⴥ㝯㤿ᡂᇛ኱Ꮫ㸧
ࠖ>@࡜ࡢඹ๰࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ㢟ᮦ࡜ࡋࡓ㆟㢟ඹ๰ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ 1XW6KHOO ࢆᵓ⠏୰࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
1XW6KHOO ࡣ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡟᝟ሗࢆබ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪◊✲⪅㸪ᢏ⾡⪅㸪ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ㸪ᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ⪅ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ୍⯡ᕷẸࢆྵࡴከᵝ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ
࣮㸦฼ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅㸧࠿ࡽᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡬ࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪◊✲ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮ࡢእ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓ኱ከᩘࡢேࠎ࠿ࡽࡢពぢࢆ྾࠸ୖࡆ㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟㎿㏿࡟ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ㈐௵࠶ࡿ◊✲࡜࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ᖺ  ᭶࡟ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ
(/6,55, Ὕᐹ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ ᮾᕤ኱⏣⏫ &,& ࠖࢆ㛤ദࡋ㸪⥲ໃ  ྡࡢศᏊ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ♫఍ཷᐜࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ◊✲⪅㸪೔⌮◊✲⪅࠾ࡼࡧࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡀ㞟ࡲࡾ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࡟
㛵ࡋ࡚ࠕ㉳ࡁ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ᮍ᮶ࠖ࡜ࠕ㉳ࡁ࡚࡯ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ᮍ᮶ࠖࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡓ㸬㸲ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ㸪ձ㏆࠸ᮍ᮶࠿ࡽ㐲࠸ᮍ᮶࡬࡜࠸࠺㍈㸪ղಶே࠿ࡽ♫఍࣭ไᗘ࡬࡜࠸࠺㍈㸪ճ⮬ᕫỴᐃ࠿ࡽ♫఍Ỵᐃ࡬࡜࠸࠺㍈㸪մࡲࡔ࡞࠸࣭ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࣭Ⴀ฼࠿ࡽ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟࠶ࡿ࣭ᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞࠸࣭⚟♴࡬࡜࠸࠺㍈࡛ウ㆟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከ᪉㠃࠿ࡽᮍ᮶Ὕᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㉳ࡁ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ᮍ᮶࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕᏛ㝿ⓗ◊✲࡬ࡢ㐍໬ࠖࡸࠕ་⒪࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࠖ㸪㉳ࡁ࡚ḧࡋࡃ
࡞࠸ᮍ᮶࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ◊✲ࡢ೵⁫ࠖ㸪ࠕ㌷஦฼⏝ࠖ㸪ࠕไᚚ୙ྍ⬟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᮍ᮶Ὕᐹ
ࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗࡓ㸬ヲࡋࡃࡣศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮ࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛බ㛤୰࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛾⟇ᐃ㻌 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡣἲయ⣔࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪᰿ᮏ࡜࡞ࡿཎ⌮࣭ཎ๎࣭ᇶ‽ࢆ࡝࠺ᐃࡵࡿ࠿ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬-67ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ (/6, ◊✲࡜ࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒ᢏ
⾡࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ◊✲ࡢඹ๰ ௦⾲ᑠ㛗㇂᫂ᙪᮾᕤ኱ ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺཎ
๎㸪ᇶ♏◊✲࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ㸪་⸆ရ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ⟇ᐃࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@㸬 ᖺ࡟ࡣ஑ᕞ኱ᏛἙཎ┤ே≉௵ㅮᖌࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ୗグࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺཎ๎ࠕ᱌ࠖ
ࢆᐃࡵ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᖺḟ኱఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮ࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛ࡶබ㛤ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᗈࡃពぢࢆເ㞟୰࡛࠶ࡿ>@㸬࠙๓ᩥࠚ ࣔࣀ࡙ࡃࡾࡀ㐍໬ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ
ḟࠎ࡜⌧ࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡ࡢ೔⌮ⓗㄢ㢟ࡶከᒱ࡟ཬࡪ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪ࢃࡀᅜࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ឤぬ㸪㐠ື㸪▱⬟ࡀ㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢせ⣲ᢏ⾡ࢆά࠿ࡋࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ᵓᡂࡀᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪᝟ሗᏛ㸪ᕤᏛ㸪໬Ꮫ㸪⏕≀Ꮫࡢศ㔝ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ㸪་Ꮫ࣭་⒪࡞࡝࡟ࡶᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟క࠸㸪᪂ࡋ࠸≀㉁࣭᝟ሗ࣭⏕࿨ほࢆ᝿㉳ࡋ㸪೔⌮ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ♫఍ࡢ୰࡟☜❧ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢ೔⌮⥘㡿ࢆᐃࡵࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡࡟ᦠࢃࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⪅࡟ࡑࡢ㑂Ᏺࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㸯㸬ࣜࢫࢡ࣭࣋ࢿࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࡢ⥲ྜホ౯㸦&RPSUHKHQVLYHDVVHVVPHQWRIULVNDQGEHQHILW㸧‫ڼ‬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᢏ⾡࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⪅ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࡢ」㞧໬࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ே㛫࣭䠓䠊䠍㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖೔⌮䛾ᚲせᛶ䛸ㄢ㢟⎔ቃ࡬ࡢ㈇ᢸ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ண

ࡉࢀࡿࣜࢫࢡཬࡧ฼┈࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㈇ᢸཬࡧࣜࢫࢡࢆ᭱ᑠ໬ࡉࡏᚓࡿᑐ⟇ࢆㅮࡌ࡞ࡅ
ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬㸰㸬Ᏻ඲࡜⎔ቃ࡬ࡢ㓄៖㸦&RQVLGHUDWLRQIRUVDIHW\DQGHQYLURQPHQW㸧‫ڼ‬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᢏ⾡࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⪅ࡣ㸪⎔ቃ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋᚓࡿࡶࡢࡢᣑᩓ
㜵Ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢᥐ⨨㸪Ᏻ඲ࡢ☜ಖ࡟ྥࡅࡓྲྀ⤌ࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᑗ᮶ୡ௦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵࡜㓄៖ࢆྵࡴ㸬㸱㸬ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࡜ࢹࣗ࢔࣮ࣝࣘࢫၥ㢟࡬ࡢ␃ព㸦 3D\LQJ DWWHQWLRQ WR
VHFXULW\DQGGXDOXVHLVVXHV㸧‫ڼ‬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᢏ⾡࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⪅ࡣ㸪≀⌮ⓗ࣭ேⓗ࡞ほⅬࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪㍺㏦ࡸᮦᩱ⟶⌮㸪᝟ሗࡢほⅬࡶ⪃៖ࡋࡓࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ᑐᛂࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬ేࡏ࡚㸪ࢹࣗ࢔࣮ࣝࣘࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟࡟ࡶὀពࢆᡶ࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㸲㸬ㄝ᫂㈐௵࡜㏱᫂ᛶࡢᢸಖ㸦(QVXULQJDFFRXQWDELOLW\DQGWUDQVSDUHQF\㸧‫ڼ‬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᢏ⾡࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⪅ࡣ㸪♫఍ṇ⩏࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ᒎ䛥䛫䜛䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈බඹ䜈䛾ㄝ᫂㈐௵䛸㏱᫂ᛶ䜢ᢸಖ䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊㻌㻌㻮㻵㻻㻹㻻㻰 䛷䛾ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䛾ᒎ㛤㻌 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮ࡣ (/6, ࡸ 7$ ࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪(/6, ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ◊✲ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮࡟࠸࠿࡟ᾐ㏱ࡉࡏ㸪ᮍ᮶ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎
ࢵࢺ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᭱኱ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖ᅜ㝿Ꮫ⏕䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖 㻮㻵㻻㻹㻻㻰㼇㻝㻠㼉䜢ά⏝䛧䛯ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䛾ၨⵚ䛸ᐇ㊶䜢᥎㐍䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖ᅜ㝿Ꮫ⏕䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾㐠Ⴀ䛻 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䛾❧ሙ䛛䜙ཧ⏬䛧䠈⮬ศ䛯䛱䛾◊✲䝔䞊䝬䛻㛵㐃䛧䛯 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䜢 㼃㻵㻷㻵 䛷Ⓨಙ䛥䛫䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈Ꮫ⏕䛚䜘䜃䝯䞁䝍䞊䛸䛺䜛ⱝᡭ◊✲⪅䛜 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䛾㔜せᛶ䜢ㄆ㆑䛩䜛ᶵ఍䜢タ䛡䛯䠊㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮䛘ᢏ⾡䜢ᇶᮏᢏ⾡䛸䛩䜛ྜᡂ⏕≀䛾ᅜ㝿Ꮫ⏕䝁䞁䝔䞁䝇䝖㻔㼕㻳㻱㻹㻕㼇㻝㻡㼉䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䛾ၨⵚ䛿ᾐ㏱䛩䜛䛾䛻䠏ᖺ௨ୖせ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈㻮㻵㻻㻹㻻㻰 䛷䛾 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒⥅⥆䛧䛶ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌䜎䛸䜑㻌 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪(/6,㸪ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸪࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖
ࣥ⟇ᐃ࠾ࡼࡧ %,202' ࡛ࡢ (/6, ࡢᐇ㊶ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓ㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡ࡣ♫఍࡟኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿⴌⱆⓗ࡞ᢏ➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ♫఍ཷᐜ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚㸪೔⌮࠾ࡼࡧࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆྵࡴ♫఍ᢏ⾡◊✲⪅࠿ࡽὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ⴌⱆⓗ◊✲ࡢึᮇࡢẁ㝵࠿ࡽ♫఍ᢏ⾡◊✲⪅࡜ඹ๰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪♫఍࡟ཷᐜࡉࢀࡿᮃࡲࡋ࠸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿㸬ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ㢟ᮦ࡟୍ࡘࡢ♫఍ᐇ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺㸬[1] ᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿ᇦࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࠖ: http://www.molecular-robot.org/[2] ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮ࢧ࢖ࢺ㸸http://molecular-robot-ethics.org[3] JST ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡࡟ᑐࡍࡿἲᚊ࣭೔⌮࣭⤒῭࣭ᩍ⫱࠿ࡽࡢ᥋㏆ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ㸸https://ristex.jst.go.jp/hite/community/project000062.html[4] JST ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ ELSI ◊✲࡜ࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒ᢏ⾡࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ◊✲ࡢඹ๰:
http://ristex.jst.go.jp/hite/community/project000270.html[5] JST ᝟ሗᢏ⾡࣭ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㆟㢟ඹ๰ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ
࢖࣒࣭ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡢᵓ⠏:
http://ristex.jst.go.jp/hite/community/project000268.html[6] JST RISTEX ே࡜᝟ሗࡢ࢚ࢥࢩࢫࢸ࣒(HITE)࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࠕ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ༠㆟ࡍࡿ㸪⏕యศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࠖ2017.08.07:
http://ristex.jst.go.jp/hite/topics/265.html[7] Go Yoshizawa, Daisuke Yoshinaga, Mikihito Tanaka, Ryuma Shineha, Akihiko
Konagaya: The social implication of molecular robotics (in submitting).
[8] ᶆⴥ㝯㤿㸪⏣୰ᖿே㸪ྜྷ⃝๛㸪ᑠ㛗㇂᫂ᙪ㸸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ◊✲ࡢ⌧≧࡜ ELSI ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ㸸௒ᚋࡢࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡᣺⯆ᶵᵓ㸦JST㸧♫఍ᢏ⾡◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦RISTEX㸧
ࠕே࡜᝟ሗࡢ࢚
ࢥࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦HITE㸧ࠖ㡿ᇦጤク◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺሗ࿌㸦Ⓨ⾜୰㸧㸬[9] Jean E. McEwen, Joy T. Boyer, Kathie Y. Sun, Karen H. Rothenberg, Nicole C.
Lockhart and Mark S. Guyer: The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Programof the National Human Genome Research Institute: Reflections on an OngoingExperiment, Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 15:481–505 (2014).
[10] ⤒⏘┬ጤク஦ᴗᖹᡂ 25 ᖺᗘ⎔ቃᑐᛂᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ➼㸦ࣂ࢖࢜࢖ࣥࢲࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ
Ᏻ඲ᑐ⟇஦ᴗ㸧ሗ࿌᭩㸪➨ II ⦅⏕≀ከᵝᛶ㛵㐃ࡢ㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮࠼ᢏ⾡ࡢᅜ㝿஺΅➼࡟ಀࡿᑐᛂ㹼ࠕྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࠖࡢືྥㄪᰝ୪ࡧ࡟ࠕ⎔ቃࣜࢫࢡホ౯࣭⟶⌮ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠖࡢ㆟ㄽືྥㄪᰝ㹼㸪୍⯡㈈ᅋἲேࣂ࢖࢜࢖ࣥࢲࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ
༠఍㸪ᖹᡂ 26 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 27 ᪥䠓䠊䠍㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝑䝖೔⌮䛾ᚲせᛶ䛸ㄢ㢟[11] ྜྷ⃝๛㸸᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸫ᴫᛕ࡜Ṕྐࡢ෌ᵓ⠏㸪♫఍ᢏ⾡◊✲ㄽᩥ㞟㸪vol.6, pp.42-57 (2009).
[12] David H. Guston, Daniel Sarewitz: Real-time technology assessment, Technology
in Society, 24, 93-109 (2002).
[13] ྜྷ⃝๛:㈐௵࠶ࡿ◊✲࣭࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ -ELSI ࢆ㉸࠼࡚-, ◊✲ᢏ⾡ィ
⏬,28(1),106-122 (2013).
[14] BIOMOD: http://biomod.net[15] iGEM: http://igem.org/Main_Page㸦ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᑠ㛗㇂᫂ᙪ㸧䠓䠊䠎㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜢ᕠ䜛 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䜢⪃䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫศ㔝ࡢⓎᒎࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ▱ぢ࡜ᖜᗈ࠸࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆࡶ
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⾡ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆㄆࡵࡘࡘ㸪ྠ᫬࡟ᩘከࡃࡢ (/6, ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ஦
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ࡢពぢ⾲᫂ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᑓ㛛ᐙࡶྵࡵࡓ௚⪅ࡢពぢࢆ⪺ࡁ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿᶵ఍ࡀ
ᑛ㔜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ♧၀࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪*01DWLRQ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭱኱ࡢᩍカࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠕ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ
᪩࠸ẁ㝵࠿ࡽ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟Ⓨಙ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ
࡜ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪*02 ࡀㄽத໬ࡍࡿ௨๓࠿ࡽࡢ᝟ሗ࡜㆟ㄽࡢඹ᭷ࡀ㸪ᙜヱᢏ⾡ࢆᕠࡿࡼࡾⰋ࠸♫఍ⓗ㆟㢟ᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࡢ๓ᥦ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿLL㸬 ⩻ࡗ࡚᪥ᮏࡢ≧ἣࢆぢࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪*02 ࢆᕠࡿ♫఍ⓗ㆟ㄽࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒⦋ࢆࡓ࡝ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ *02 ࢆᕠࡿ㆟ㄽࡣ㸪 ᖺྎ༙ࡤ࠿ࡽࡢ
*0 㣗ရ฼⏝ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡜Ᏻ඲ᛶホ౯ไᗘࡢᵓ⠏࡟క࠸㸪ᛴ㏿࡟ᨻ἞࣭♫఍ⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦࡛ヰ㢟࡟ୖࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡛㸪*0 㣗ရ฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞
཯ᛂࡀⰍ⃰ࡃⓏሙࡋ㸪௒ࡶ࡞࠾ࡑࡢᚷ㑊ឤࡣ᰿ᙉ࠸࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ࠶ࡿ>@㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰࡛㸪໭ᾏ㐨࡛ࡣ㢼ホ⿕ᐖ࡞࡝࡬ࡢᠱᛕ࠿ࡽ㸪 ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥࡟ࠕ໭ᾏ㐨㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮࠼స≀ࡢ᱂ᇵ➼࡟ࡼࡿ஺㞧➼ࡢ㜵Ṇ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲౛ࠖࡀ஺

䠓䠊䠎㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜢ᕠ䜛 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䜢⪃䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻௜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᮲౛࡛ࡣ㸪*0 స≀ࡢ㔝እ᱂ᇵヨ㦂࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅜࡢᇶ‽ࡼࡾࡶ㐶࠿࡟ཝࡋ࠸ᇶ‽ࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪◊✲⪅ഃ࠿ࡽࡶ◊✲ࡢ㜼ᐖ࡞࡝ࢆᠱᛕ
ࡍࡿኌࡀୖࡀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬໭ᾏ㐨ࡢ᮲౛࡟ᑐࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ഃ࠿ࡽࡢኌ࡛ࡶࡗ
࡜ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ືࡁࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪 ᖺ  ᭶࡟ฟࡉࢀࡓ᳜≀⛉Ꮫ㛵㐃  Ꮫ఍ྜྠ࡟
ࡼࡿᥦゝ㸸ࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌ࡳ᥮࠼᳜≀ࡢ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐺ษ࡞ཷᐜࢆ㐍ࡵࡿయไࢆồ
ࡴࠖLLL࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬 ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࡢ  Ꮫ఍ྜྠᥦゝࡣ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ໭ᾏ㐨ࡢ᮲౛᪋⾜ࡢ┤๓࡟බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ࡑࡋ࡚↓ㄽ㸪᮲౛࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡣࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ๓࠿ࡽࢫࢱ࣮
ࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸧
㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ᪤࡟࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛵ᚰࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡶ㐣ࡂࡓᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓLY㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪*02 ࢆᕠࡿሗ㐨ࡣ㸪᭱ึ࠿ࡽࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࢺ࣮ࣥ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ᖺ௦༙ࡤࡲ࡛ࡣ་⒪࣭⏘ᴗᛂ⏝࡬ࡢᙉ࠸ᮇᚅឤ
ࢆᣢࡗࡓ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࢺ࣮ࣥࡢグ஦ࡀከ࠸>@Y㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ᩒ࠼
࡚ゝ࠺࡞ࡽࡤ㸪㸦໚ㄽࡑࢀࡔࡅࡀせᅉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ◊✲⪅ഃࡢⓎಙࡢດຊࡶ
᪩ᮇ࠿ࡽ↓࠿ࡗࡓヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸧*02 ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ౛ࡣ㸪◊✲⪅ഃࡀ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㆟㢟タᐃ࣭ᵓ⠏ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ஦౛䛛䜙㻌 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆᕠࡿ (/6, ࢆὝᐹࡍࡿୖ࡛㸪ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㆟
ㄽࡣぢ㏨ࡏ࡞࠸ཧ↷Ⅼ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࢆᕠࡿ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪*02 ࢆᕠࡿⱞ࠸⤒㦂࡜ᩍカࢆ⣊࡜ࡋ࡚㸪◊✲㡿ᇦࡢᙧᡂᙜึ࠿ࡽ (/6, ࡸᨻ⟇࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰ࡜ὀពࡀᡶࢃࢀ㸪ᅜෆእࡢ◊✲⪅ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡛✚ᴟⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࡢᅜ㝿Ꮫ⏕ࢥ࡛ࣥ࣌࠶ࡿ L*(0 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ (/6, ࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢሙࡢᵓ⠏ࡀヨࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓᅜෆ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ⣽⬊ࢆ๰ࡿࠖ◊✲఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪(/6, ࢆᕠࡿⓎ⾲ࡸ㆟ㄽࡀึᮇ࠿
ࡽ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰࡛㸪ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫศ㔝࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ୺࡞ (/6, ࡜⛉Ꮫᨻ⟇ୖࡢㄽⅬ࡟ࡣ *02 ࢆᕠࡿ㆟ㄽࢆཧ↷Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒⦋ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪๓⠇࡛ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓㄽⅬ࡜ఝࡓࡶࡢࡶከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪*02 ࡢㄽⅬ࡜ྵࡵ࡚㏻ぴ࡛ࡁࡿᙧ࡟ࡍࡿ࡭ࡃ㸪⾲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⾲ཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜㸧>@YL㸬 ࡲࡓྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⯡ࡢேࠎࡢព㆑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱ぢࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ +DUW5HVHDUFK$VVRFLDWHࡀබ⾲ࡋࡓ⡿ᅜࡢㄪᰝ౛࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࠖ࡜࠸࠺࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡢㄆ▱⮬యࡣᖺࠎୖ᪼ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࣜࢫࢡ࡜࣋

䝯䝕䜱䜰㛵ᚰᏛ⾡䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱䛾ື䛝䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸཯ᑕᛶ♫఍䛸䛾ಙ㢗㛵ಀ䛾ᵓ⠏▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒᅜ㝿Ꮫ⏕䝁䞁䝨㻌㼕㻳㻱㻹䛷䛾㻱㻸㻿㻵䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䛂⣽⬊䜢๰䜛䛃◊✲఍䛷䛾㻱㻸㻿㻵㆟ㄽ◊✲䛜㜼ᐖ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖ᠱᛕ㻘㻌༴ᶵឤ◊✲⪅䜙䛾♫఍ⓗ㆟㢟ᵓ⠏䜈䛾஌䜚㐜䜜ᙜึ䛿་⒪䞉ၟᴗᛂ⏝䜈䛾ᮇᚅឤ䛜ᙉ䛔䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺グ஦䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䛜䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䛿㣗ရ฼⏝䛻䛚䛡䜛䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺グ஦䛾㢧ᅾ໬䊻䜻䞊䝽䞊䝗䛾ㄆ▱䛿ୖ᪼ഴྥྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ䛾௒ᚋ䜔ά⏝䛾ᮍ᮶䝅䝘䝸䜸䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾⌮ゎ䛾Ḟዴ䊻䊻䊻䊻▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ䛾ᢅ䛔䜸䞊䝥䞁䝋䞊䝇䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾䛒䜚᪉䜺䝞䝘䞁䝇䛸つไ䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᨻ⟇ⓗ఩⨨௜䛡ᢏ⾡䛾⟶⌮㈐௵䛸᝟ሗබ㛤䛾㏱᫂ᛶ

䊻ᢏ⾡㈠᫆䛾ၥ㢟◊✲䜢䜑䛠䜛䜲䞁䝣䝷䛸⎔ቃᩚഛ䊻ᶒຊ䜈䛾୙ಙឤ
㻱㻸㻿㻵䛿䛯䛰䛾䜰䝸䝞䜲స䜚䛷䚸䛭䛾㆟ㄽ䛜↓ど䛥䜜䜛䛾䛷䛿䠛බᖹᛶ䞉㏱᫂ᛶ䛾☜ಖಙ㢗䛷䛝䜛᝟ሗ※䛛䜙䛾䜘䜚ከ䛟䛾᝟ሗᥦ౪䛾ᕼồᕷẸ䛻䛸䛳䛶௨ୗ䛜Ḽ㏄䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸ឤ䛨䜙䜜䜛䛛䊻ᑐヰ䞉㆟ㄽ䜈䛾ཧຍ䊻⮬㌟䛾ពぢ䛾⾲᫂䊻ᑓ㛛ᐙ䜒ྵ䜑䛯௚⪅䛾ពぢ䜢⪺䛝㆟ㄽ䛷䛝䜛ᶵ఍⏕≀≉チ䜢ᕠ䜛ᵝ䚻䛺㆟ㄽ䛾Ⓨ⏕ᐩ䛾බṇ䛺ศ㓄䠄♫఍ṇ⩏䠅 Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ䜈䛾㛵ᚰᏳ᫆䛺ၟᴗ໬䜈䛾཯Ⓨ䠋㐺ษ䛺つไ䛾ᯟ⤌䜏⏕⏘⪅䛰䛡䛷䛺䛔ᗈ䛟♫఍䜈䛾䝧䝛䝣䜱䝑䝖䛾ᥦ♧䊻₯ᅾⓗ䛺ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻⌮ゎ䞉ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛾䛛ៅ㔜䛒䜛䛔䛿ุ᩿ಖ␃䛾ែᗘண㜵ཎ๎䛸䛾ව䛽ྜ䛔㼀㻭䛾㝈⏺

䝧䝛䝣䜱䝑䝖䜢▱䜛䛸ྠ᫬䛻䚸䝸䝇䜽䜈䛾㛵ᚰ䜒䜎䛯㧗䜎䜛䠄≉䛻㛗ᮇⓗ䛺ほ 䛜ᚲせ䛺䝸䝇䜽䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾㛵ᚰ䛾㧗䜎䜚䠅

䝸䝇䜽䞊䝧䝛䝣䜱䝑䝖䛾⌮ゎၟᴗ໬䊻䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛷䛝䛺䛔᮲௳䛷䛾⎔ቃᨺฟ䛾䝸䝇䜽䝞䜲䜸䝔䝻䛾₯ᅾⓗྍ⬟ᛶ䚸Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ேᕤⓗ䛺⏕࿨㻛⏕≀య䛸䛾ྥ䛝ྜ䛔᪉㣗ရ䜔⎔ቃ䜈䛾Ᏻ඲ᛶ䛸䛔䛳䛯⛉Ꮫⓗ䞉ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛺ഃ㠃䛻㝈䜙䛪䚸♫఍ⓗ䞉ᨻ἞ⓗㄢ㢟䜎䛷ྵ䜑䛯ᖜᗈ䛔ᠱᛕ䛸㛵ᚰヨ㦂◊✲䛾ᚲせᛶ䛿ㄆ▱䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫ୺䛻㻞㻜㻜㻜ᖺ௦ࠥே䚻䛾ᠱᛕ䛸㛵ᚰ㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮䛘䠄㻳㻹㻻䠅୺䛻㻝㻥㻥㻜ᖺ௦ࠥ䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䝔䞊䝬䛻ఝ䛯ㄒ䜙䜜᪉䜢䛩䜛䛾䛛䠛ᾏእ≧ἣ䜒ྵ䜑䛯᪩ᮇ䛾ᢕᥱ䛸㆙㚝ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇◊✲⪅䛾⮬἞䛾Ⓨ᥹䠄㻱㻸㻿㻵㆟ㄽ䛾άⓎ໬䛸✚ᴟⓗ䛺Ⓨಙ䠅䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻⾜䛳䛶䛔䛟䛛䠛ከᵝ䛺䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊䛾ཧຍ䝇䜻䞊䝮䛾☜ಖ䝅䝘䝸䜸ඹ๰䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻⾜䛳䛶䛔䛟䛛䠛බᖹᛶ䞉㏱᫂ᛶ䛾☜ಖ䛾᪉⟇䛾᳨ウ䊻ᖜᗈ䛔᝟ሗ䜰䜽䝉䝅䝡䝸䝔䜱䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᢸಖ䛩䜛䛛䠛

▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ䜔ᶆ‽໬䜢ᕠ䜛㆟ㄽ䛾ᚲせᛶඛ➃ᢏ⾡䜢ᕠ䜛༡໭ၥ㢟䜈䛾ᖜᗈ䛔どᗙ⋓ᚓ䜢䛹䛖⾜䛖䛛䠛䠄ᛂ⏝䛜ぢ䛘䛶䛝䛯ẁ㝵䛷䠅ᖜᗈ䛔ᒙ䜈䛾䝧䝛䝣䜱䝑䝖ᥦ♧䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻⾜䛔䛖䜛䛛䠛೺ᗣ䜔⎔ቃ䛺䛹䜈䛾୰㛗ᮇ䛾ᙳ㡪ᢕᥱ䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻⾜䛔䚸䜎䛯యไᵓ⠏䛩䜛䛛䠛೔⌮ⓗ䞉♫఍ⓗ䞉ᨻ἞ⓗㄢ㢟䛸䛿ఱ䛛䠛㻰㼡㼍㼘㻌㼁㼟㼑ၥ㢟䜈䛾㓄៖䛾䛒䜚᪉ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇㻱㻸㻿㻵䜈䛾♧၀⾲㻌㻌ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜢䜑䛠䜛㻱㻸㻿㻵䜢⪃䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻㻦㻌㻌௚䛾ⴌⱆⓗ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䛻䛚䛡䜛ㄽⅬᩚ⌮䛸䛭䛣䛛䜙䛾♧၀➨  ❶ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ♫఍ཷᐜ䠓䠊䠎㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜢ᕠ䜛 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䜢⪃䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻ࢿࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣៅ㔜࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣุ᩿ಖ␃ࡢែᗘࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
>@㸬♫఍䛸䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䛚䛡䜛ㄢ㢟䇲෌⏕་⒪䛾஦౛䛛䜙㻌 ඛ➃◊✲ࡀ♫఍࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⾜࠺ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼ࡟ὀពࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏ෌⏕་⒪Ꮫ఍ࡀᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࣜࢫࢡࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝᙧᡂ஦ᴗࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸㸬ࡇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏ෌⏕་⒪Ꮫ఍ࡢ఍ဨ  ྡ㸪ㄪᰝ఍♫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୍⯡ࣔࢽࢱ࣮ᅇ⟅⪅  ྡ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࢆඖ࡟㸪෌⏕་⒪㛵ಀ⪅࡜୍⯡ࡢேࠎࡢ㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛵ᚰ஦㡯ࡢᕪ␗ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᙜヱㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪୍⯡ࡢேࠎࡢࠕ▱ࡾࡓ࠸஦᯶ࠖ࡜෌⏕་⒪Ꮫ఍ဨࡢࠕఏ
࠼ࡓ࠸஦᯶ࠖࡢ㛫ࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬෌⏕་⒪Ꮫ఍ဨഃࡀ⛉Ꮫ◊✲
ࡸ་⒪ᛂ⏝ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗጇᙜᛶࡸ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪୍⯡ࡢேࠎࡣࣜࢫࢡ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟࠿࠿ࡿ἞⒪㈝㸪୓ࡀ୍ࡢ஦ែ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐᛂ᪉⟇㸪㈐௵య
ไ࡞࡝ࡴࡋࢁᢏ⾡ࡢᐇ⌧ᚋࡢ஦᯶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㛵ᚰࢆᢪࡃഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@YLL㸬ࡲࡓ෌⏕་⒪◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿ඲యⓗ࡞⫯ᐃឤ࣭チᐜᗘࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟ẚࡋ࡚㸪ࣄࢺື≀࣓࢟ࣛࡢస〇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍⯡ࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࡢᚷ㑊ឤࡀᙉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ᪂つᢏ⾡࡟⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ே࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᢏ⾡ࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࡣᚷ㑊ឤࢆឤࡌࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ⏕య㈨ᩱࢆ
཰㞟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࡢሙྜ㸪⏝㏵࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢻࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺࡢྲྀ
ᚓ࡞࡝࡟㝿ࡋ࡚༑ศ࡞ὀពࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ>@㸬 ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡏࡼ㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢฟ᮶ࡿ㝈ࡾୖὶࡢẁ㝵࠿ࡽ㸪ࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࡀᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡓᚋࡢ♫఍ീࢆ᝿㉳࣭ඹ᭷ࡋ㸪ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜୍⯡ࡢேࠎࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿ㛵ᚰࡢᕪ␗ࢆᛕ㢌࡟࠾࠸ࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥάືYLLLࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㈐௵䛒䜛◊✲䞉䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁㻌 ࡇࡇࡲ࡛࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ (/6, ࡸ♫఍࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥࢆὝᐹࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ஦౛ࢆᴫほࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐣ཤࡢ▱ぢ࡟ࡶ࡜࡙ࡁ㸪(/6, ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞㓄៖ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᘬࡁฟࡍ⎔ቃ࣭ไᗘࡢᵓ⠏ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬᪤࡟ጞࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕
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ᚲせ࡞どⅬࡸᩍ⫱࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ヨ⾜㘒ㄗࢆ㔜ࡡ㸪Ꮫ⾡ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ෆ㒊࠿ࡽࡢ㆟ㄽ࡜Ⓨಙࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ[L㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡳࡣ㸪55, ࢆᕠࡿᨻ⟇ⓗ㆟ㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡞ඛ㥑ⓗ஦౛࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬*02 ࡢ஦౛࡟❧ࡕᡠࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪*02 ࢆᕠࡿྛᅜࡢつไࡸᣦ㔪ࡢ※ὶ࡟ࡣ㸪࢔ࢩ࣐ࣟ఍㆟࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࢔ࢩ࣐ࣟ఍㆟ࡀᣢࡘ᪩ᮇ࠿ࡽࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ㆟ㄽ࡜ࡑࡢⓎಙ࡜࠸࠺࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ㔜せᛶࡣ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸㸬
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[8] ᾘ㈝⪅ᗇࠗᖹᡂ 28 ᖺᗘ㣗ရ⾲♧࡟㛵ࡍࡿᾘ㈝⪅ពྥㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩―㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮࠼ 㣗 ရ ࡢ ⾲ ♧ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ஦ 㡯 㸦 ᢤ ⢋ ∧ 㸧 ࠘<http://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/information/research/2016/pdf/i
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Coverage in the New York Times (1971-2001) and the Washington Post (19772001), Science Communication, 25(2), pp.129-152, 2003.
[21] Bauer, Martin. W., Gutteling, J, M. Issue Salience and Media Framing over 30
Years, in M. Bauer & G. Gaskell (ed), Genomics & Society: Legal, Ethical, andSocial Dimensions, EARTHSCAN, pp.113-30, 2006.
[22] Shineha, R. et al. Science communication in regenerative medicine: implications
for the role of academic society and scientific policy, Regenerative Therapy, 7,
pp.89-97, 2017.
[23] Sumner Petroc.et al. The association between exaggeration in health relatedscience news and academic press releases: retrospective observational study, BMJ,
349, pp. 1-8, 2014[24] Stilgoe, J., Owen, R., Macnaghten, P. Developing a framework for responsible
innovation, Research Policy, 42(9), pp.1568-1580, 2013.
㸦ᡂᇛ኱Ꮫ ᶆⴥ㝯㤿㸧
⏕࿨⛉Ꮫศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ELSI ࡢ TA ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⥲ྜ◊✲኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡼࡿ
ࢤࣀ࣒◊✲ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓヨࡳࡀ࠶ࡿ [16]㸬
ii
᪩ᮇࡢⓎಙ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤㄽதࡀゎỴࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡟Ⰻ࠸♫఍ⓗ㆟㢟ᵓ⠏ࡢᐇ⌧ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ GMO ࢆᕠࡿᑐヰྲྀ⤌ࡳ౛࡜ࡋ࡚౛࠼ࡤ໭ᾏ㐨ᗇࡀ୺య࡜࡞ࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫ఍㆟ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㆟ㄽෆᐜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪GM Nation ࡜㢮ఝࡢㄽⅬࡀᩘከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤ[17]࡞࡝ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜㸬
iii
᪥ᮏ᳜≀⏕⌮Ꮫ఍㸪᪥ᮏ㎰ⱁ໬Ꮫ఍㸪᪥ᮏ⫱✀Ꮫ఍㸪᪥ᮏ᳜≀⣽⬊ศᏊ⏕≀Ꮫ఍㸪ᅬⱁᏛ఍㸪᳜≀໬Ꮫㄪ⠇Ꮫ఍ࡢ 6 Ꮫ఍ྜྠ࡛ࡢᥦゝኌ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬https://jspp.org/16appeal/teigen2005.html㸦2018 ᖺ 5 ᭶ᮎ⌧ᅾ࢔ࢡࢭࢫษࢀ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪Internet Archive ࡢ Wayback Machine ࡟ URL ࢆධຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ
6 Ꮫ఍ྜྠᥦゝࡢ๓࡟ࡶ᪥ᮏ᳜≀ᩚ⌮Ꮫ఍࡟ࡼࡿኌ᫂ࡸ◊✲⪅ಶே࡟ࡼࡿࣈࣟࢢ࡛ࡢゝㄽάື࡞࡝ࡢດຊࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪6 Ꮫ఍ྜྠᥦゝࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤌⧊ⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ♫఍Ⓨಙࡣ౛እⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬iv࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ሗ㐨ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣ 2000 ᖺ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ᫬ࡣ㣗ရ฼⏝ࢆᕠࡿ୙Ᏻࡸࣜࢫࢡ࡞࡝࡟
ὀ┠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗࡓሗ㐨ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ[9]㸬
v
᪥ᮏ࡟㝈ࡽࡎ㸪GMO ࢆᕠࡿ㆟ㄽࡣ㸪་⒪࣭⏘ᴗᛂ⏝ࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࢺ࣮࡛ࣥㄒࡽ
i䠓䠊䠎㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䜢ᕠ䜛 㻱㻸㻿㻵 䜢⪃䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㣗ရ฼⏝࡛ࡣ≉࡟Ḣᕞ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࢺ࣮࡛ࣥㄒࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓ [18-21]㸬
vi ྜᡂ⏕≀Ꮫࢆᕠࡿ㆟ㄽ஦ែࡀ GMO ࢆཧ↷Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ඹ㏻ࡢ
ㄽⅬࡶከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿⅬ࡟ࡣ␃ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
vii᪥ᮏ෌⏕་⒪Ꮫ఍ࡀ୕஭ఫ཭ᾏୖಖ㝤࡜ඹྠ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ෌⏕་⒪➼⮫ᗋ◊✲⿵ൾไᗘࠖࡣ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ⮫ᗋ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࡢಖ㝤࠿ࡽࡉࡽ࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࡳ㸪་ᖌ࣭་⒪ᶵ㛵࡟ἲᚊୖࡢ㈺ൾ㈐௵ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ⿵ൾᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ෌⏕་⒪➼Ᏻ඲ᛶ☜ಖἲ࡛ࡣᐃࡵࡢ࡞࠸ᝈ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⿵ൾ
࡟ࡶᑐᛂࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬http://www.mskhoken.com/dantai/jsrm/index.html㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2018 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 17 ᪥㸧
viii◊✲⪅ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸ᝟ሗⓎಙཧຍ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㸪᫬㛫࣭ሙᡤ࣭ホ౯ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⎔ቃᨵၿ㸪◊✲⪅ࡀᣢࡘ㈇ᢸឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㓄៖ࡸไᗘⓗᨭ᥼ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞
ࡿ[22]㸬ࡲࡓ་⒪ศ㔝ࡢ஦౛࡛ࡣ㸪࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡜◊✲άືࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪◊✲⪅࣭◊✲ᡤഃࡀฟࡍࣉࣞࢫ࣮ࣜࣜࢫ࡟࡞ࢇࡽ࠿ࡢ㄂ᙇࡀධࡿ࡜㸪࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ሗ㐨࡛ࡶ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ๭ྜ࡛㄂ᙇࡀධࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ࣉࣞࢫ࣮ࣜࣜࢫࡀᢚไⓗ࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ሗ㐨࡟࠾࠸࡚㄂ᙇࡀධࡿ๭ྜࡀ 5 ศࡢ㸯⛬ᗘ࡟ᢚไࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[23]㸬ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
άື࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓᒎ㛤ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ix2017 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 22 ᪥㸪2017 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 11 ᪥࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ㸭JST ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮ྜྠ◊✲఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽෆᐜࢆඖ࡟グ㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬x
ࠕRRI ࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛉Ꮫ࡜࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㞟ྜⓗ࡞⟶⌮ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᮍ᮶࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢣ࢔ࢆ
ព࿡ࡍࡿࠖ࡜⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[24]㸬

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279

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154↓ᶵ⤖ᬗ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

209ศᏊࡣࡸࡪࡉ

8, 275↓⣽⬊ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂ

217ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ 280㏞㊰ၥ㢟

86, 91ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㐍໬ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ 7࣓࢝ࢽ࢝ࣝࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ

149

ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮277

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2ࣔࢸ࢕ࣜࢸ࢕࢔ࢵࢭ࢖

74

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࣌ࣉࢳࢻ/ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁タィ

181,188࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࢔ࢡࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢱ

200

⸆≀㏦㐩ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦DDS)

264

࣏࣐࣮ࣜࢯ࣮࣒

68

᭷㝈ᛶ

32

37

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82ࣜ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ DNA ᅇ㊰

25ࣜ࣎ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ

247

࣏ࣜࢯ࣮࣒

67, 74,䜔⾜㻌࣏࣓࣮ࣜࣛࢮ
䜙⾜㻌࣭࢚࢟ࢯࢾࢡࣞ࢔࣮ࢮ
࣭ࢽࢵ࣮࢝ࢮ㸦PEN)䜎⾜㻌࣐࢖࢝ᇶᯈᨭᣢ⬡㉁2 ศᏊ⭷㸦MLB)

131

࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ

172࣐࢖ࢡࣟὶయࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ

99࣡࢖࣮ࣖࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᆺ

㨱ἲࡢᙎ୸

264

DNA ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞

141, 203䜟⾜㻌࣑ࢭࣝᆺ་⒪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ 265

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ⴭ⪅⤂௓㸦 㡢㡰㸧㻌㻌ὸ἟ᾈஅ ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ⏕࿨ศᏊᕤᏛᑓᨷ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ගࡿಶᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲ࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸟ᮾ ಇ୍ ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᶵᲔࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛᑓᨷ ᩍᤵ୍ゝ㸸ศᏊไᚚࣟ࣎ࢵࢺไᚚӆศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢไᚚ
᭷ᮧ㝯ᚿ ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ ୖ⣭୺௵◊✲ဨ ୍ゝ㸸XQFDQQ\YDOOH\ ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ FKHPLVWU\ ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࡲࡍ
ụ⏣ ᑗ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ໬Ꮫ࣭⏕࿨ᕤᏛ⛉ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ࡣࡓࡽࡃศᏊ㸬㐲⸨ᨻᖾ ி㒔኱Ꮫ ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ໬Ꮫᑓᨷ ≉ᐃ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸'1$ ࢼࣀࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡜໬Ꮫࡢ⼥ྜ࡛ศᏊ࢔࣮࢟ࢸࢡࢺࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡲࡍ
኱㔝༤ஂ ி㒔኱Ꮫ L36 ⣽⬊◊✲ᡤ ≉ᐃ◊✲ဨ ୍ゝ㸸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ௒ᚋࡢⓎᒎ࡟ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ
ゅ஬ ᙲ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㝔໬Ꮫ㒊㛛 ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝຊࢆྜࢃࡏࢀࡤྍ⬟ᛶࡣ↓㝈኱㸟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢡ࢚࣮ࣜࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ே㢮࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡓ࠸
ᕝཪ⏕྿ ᮾ໭኱ᏛᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᑓᨷຓᩍ
୍ゝ㸸'1$ ࣑࢜ࣜ࢞ㅮ⩦఍ࡣࡌࡵࡲࡋࡓ㸬ᕝ㔝❳ྖ ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 ⏕࿨ᶵ⬟⛉Ꮫ㒊㛛 ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸㠃ⓑ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸟ⴱ㇂᫂⣖ 㛵す኱Ꮫ ໬Ꮫ⏕࿨ᕤᏛ㒊 ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸⏬ᮇⓗ࡞ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ㸦ࢼࣀ࣐ࢩࣥ㸧ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ㸦ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸧ᮍ᮶ࡢ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᩍ⛉᭩࡛Ꮫࢇ࡛ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ⣲ᩛࡔ࡞࠶ᑠᐑ ೺ ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᝟ሗ⌮ᕤᏛ㝔 ຓᩍ ୍ゝ㸸࡯ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡽࡘࡃࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸬ᑠ㛗㇂᫂ᙪ ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ᝟ሗ⌮ᕤᏛ㝔 ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡜ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮ࡢ㸰㊊ࢃࡽࡌ࡛๓㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ᑠᯘ ⪽ 㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ኱Ꮫ ᝟ሗ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࣭㏻ಙᕤᏛᑓᨷ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸␗ศ㔝⼥ྜᆺࡢศ㔝ࡣ㠃ⓑ࠸࡛ࡍࡼ㸬㰺⸨༤ⱥ ி㒔኱Ꮫ L36 ⣽⬊◊✲ᡤ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡛ࡢ 51$3URWHLQ ศᏊࡢά⏝࡟⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ
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బ⸨భ௓ ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᝟ሗ⌮ᕤᏛ㝔 ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍≉ู◊✲ဨ㸦63'㸧 ୍ゝ㸸᝿ീຊ࡜๰㐀ຊࢆ☻ࡃ㸟ᶆⴥ㝯㤿 ᡂᇛ኱Ꮫ ᩥⱁᏛ㒊 ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᏛ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ⴌⱆⓗ㸭ඛ➃ⓗ࡞⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࡜♫఍ࡢࡼࡾⰋ࠸㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍⳢཎ ◊ ᮾ໭Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ ᩍ㣴Ꮫ㒊 ᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫ⛉ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆࢻࣛ࠼ࡶࢇࡸ࢔ࢺ࣒ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠾཭㐩ࣟ࣎࡟࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡞㸽ᔱ⏣┤ᙪ ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ⏕࿨⌮ᕤᏛ㝔 ຓᩍ୍ゝẖ᪥ࢆᴦࡋࡃ㐣ࡈࡑ࠺㸬㕥ᮌὈ༤ ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔᝟ሗᏛ◊✲⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒㸦ࣔࣀࢥࢺࡢ㡰ᗎ㸧ࡀࠕ෌⌧ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ⮬↛⌧㇟ࠖࢆࡘࡃࡿ㸬㕥ᮌຬ㍤ ᮾ໭኱ᏛᏛ㝿⛉Ꮫࣇࣟࣥࢸ࢕࢔◊✲ᡤ ᪂㡿ᇦ๰ᡂ◊✲㒊 ୍ゝ㸸୍⏕ಟ⾜㧗஭࡞ࡘࡳ ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 ᕝ㔝◊✲ᐊ ༤ኈ๓ᮇㄢ⛬ ୍ゝ㸸⪃࠼ࡿ๓࡟ືࡃ㸟➉ෆ୐ᾏ ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 ᕝ㔝◊✲ᐊ ༤ኈ๓ᮇㄢ⛬୍ゝ㸸ࡳ࠿ࢇࡣ㣧ࡳ≀ከ⏣࠶ࡍ࠿ ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 ᕝ㔝◊✲ᐊ ༤ኈ๓ᮇㄢ⛬ ୍ゝ㸸┠ᶆࡣࢥࢶࢥࢶ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜㸬ከ⏣㝰ᑦྐ ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ⺮ⓑ㉁◊✲ᡤ ຓᩍ ୍ゝ㸸୍⥴࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ┒ࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺
℧ࣀୖṇᾈ ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᝟ሗ⌮ᕤᏛ㝔 ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸'1$ ࡣ୙ᛮ㆟࡞≀㉁ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸬℧ཱྀ㔠࿃ ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉⏕࿨⌮Ꮫᑓᨷㅮᖌ ୍ゝ㸸ㄡ࡛ࡍ࠿㸽⏕࿨ࡀ㈇ࡢ࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ࢆ㣗ࡗ࡚ࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚ゝࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸟㫽㇂㒊⚈୍ ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᛂ⏝≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸⏕యศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢆཧ⪃࡟ேᕤศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸟㇏⏣ኴ㑻 ᮾி኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜᩥ໬◊✲⛉ ᗈᇦ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ࠕ⏕࿨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࢆ๰ࡿ໬Ꮫࢆㄡࡶࡀࡸࡗ࡚ࡳ࡚ឤືࡍࡿᩥ໬࡬࡜㸪⚾ࡓࡕ࡜୍⥴࡟⫱࡚࡚ࡳࡲࡏࢇ࠿㸽୰ⱼ 㝯 ஑ᕞᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᝟ሗᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 ࢩࢫࢸ࣒๰ᡂ᝟ሗᕤᏛ◊✲⣔ ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢࡓࡵࡢไᚚ⌮ㄽࢆ⠏ࡁࡓ࠸㸟᰿ᮏ┤ே ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ≀㉁⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸᭱㏆ࡣ◊✲ࡍࢀࡤࡍࡿ࡯࡝ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡑࡋ࡚ᴦࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

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㔝ᮧៅ୍㑻 ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᑓᨷ ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ᬑ㐢ⓗ⏕࿨⛉ᏛࡣࡲࡎศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᕤᏛ࠿ࡽ㸬ⴗ㇂ᫀᕫ ᮾி኱Ꮫ ᝟ሗ⌮ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ࢤࣝࡢሢࡀィ⟬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟㨩ࡏࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡲࡋࡓ
὾⏣┬࿃ ࢥ࣮ࢿࣝ኱Ꮫ Dept. of Biological and Environmental Engineering ㅮᖌ ୍ゝ㸸༓㔛ࡢ㐨ࡶ୍Ṍ࠿ࡽ㸟ཎ 㞝௓ ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ ᶵ⬟໬Ꮫ◊✲㒊㛛 ▱⬟ᮦᩱ * ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛗 ୍ゝ㸸⏘⥲◊࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓᢏ⾡ࡢᬑཬࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ௻ᴗࢆ๰ᴗࡋࡲࡋࡓ㸬⸨ᮏ೺㐀 ໭㝣ඛ➃⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ ඛ➃⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲⛉ ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫ⣔ ᩍᤵ୍ゝ㸸␗ศ㔝㛫ࡢ◊✲஺ὶࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࡢ㓬㓮࿡࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿㸽⸨ཎ ៞ ៞ᛂ⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊 ⏕࿨᝟ሗᏛ⛉ ᑓ௵ㅮᖌ ୍ゝ㸸⣽⬊ࢆ┿ఝࡘࡘ⣽⬊ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㸬ᮏከ ᬛ ᮾி኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜᩥ໬◊✲⛉ ᗈᇦ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ ຓᩍ ୍ゝ㸸᭷ᶵ࣭㧗ศᏊ࡜ࡑࡢ㞟ྜయࡢ࠿ࡓࡕ࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪᪂≀ᛶ࣭ᶵ⬟ࢆ♧ࡍ≀㉁࣭ᮦ
ᩱࡢ๰〇࡟ᣮᡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᯇᾆ࿴๎ 㫽ྲྀ኱ᏛᏛ⾡◊✲㝔ᕤᏛ⣔㒊㛛ᛂ⏝໬Ꮫㅮᗙ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸໬Ꮫ࡛⏕࿨ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ๰ࡿ㸟㸦࣐ࢪࢩࣕࣥࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡅ࡝㸧୸ᒣཌ ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ⏕࿨⌮ᕤᏛ㝔 ᩍᤵ୍ゝ ࡣࡉࡳࡶྜᡂ㧗ศᏊࡶ౑࠸ࡼ࠺㸬ᐑඖᒎ⩏ ⚟ᒸᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ⏕࿨⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ⛉ ෸ᩍᤵᮧ⏣ ᬛ ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᑓᨷ ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ࡶࡢࢆ๰ࡿ႐ࡧ㸪⣧⢋ᕤᏛ㸪࢞ࣛࢫ⋢₇ᡙ㸬ᮧᒣᜨྖ ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ⏕࿨ศᏊᕤᏛᑓᨷ ຓᩍ ୍ゝ㸸㠃ⓑࡃ౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡲࡍ㸟ᰗ⃝⨾✑ ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 ඛ➃≀⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷ ≉௵෸ᩍᤵ
୍ゝ㸸⣽⬊ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ⏕࿨⌧㇟ࢆ≀⌮ⓗ࡟ㄞࡳゎࡃᒣෆ⏤⣖Ꮚ ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ࢩࢫࢸ࣒᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㝔 ෸ᩍᤵ ୍ゝ㸸ᮏศ㔝࡟ཧຍࡋ㸪ど㔝ࡣᗈࡃ࡜ᖖ࡟ᚰࡀࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸬
*UHJ*XWPDQᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ ᝟ሗ⌮ᕤᏛ㝔 ຓᩍ$XEHUW.DWR1DWKDQD­O ࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫ⛉ຓᩍ ୍ゝ㸸I hope this book will help foster the next generation of Molecular Roboticists.

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 ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆ୍ゝ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸㸬 ᖺ࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕
ࢡࢫ◊✲఍ࢆጞࡵࡓ᫬㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศ㔝࠿ࡽ㞟ࡲࡗࡓ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ
ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆᣢࡕ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ␗࡞ࡿ᪉ἲㄽ࡛࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡋࡼ࠺
࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ሙ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟άẼࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚኱ኚ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࡀ㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᅔ㞴ࡉ࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿ㸬࠶ࡿศ㔝࡛ᖖ㆑࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ูࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ඲ࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓࡛࠶ࡿࡋ㸪ྠࡌゝⴥࡀศ㔝࡟ࡼࡾ㐪࠺ព࿡ࡸࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫ࡛౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㆟ㄽࡀ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶ࠿ࡳྜࢃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡶࡼࡃ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ఱࢆࡋࡓ࠸࠿㸪ఱࡀ኱ษ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺౯್ほࡀศ㔝ࡈ࡜࡟඲ࡃ㐪࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ㸪ⓙࡀศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡣඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㐲៖࡞ࡃពぢࢆࡪࡘࡅྜ࠺୰࠿ࡽ᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿ᇦࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࠖࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢ
ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀᐇ⾜ࡉࢀ㸪ࡋࡔ࠸࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ◊✲⪅ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡜࠸࠺
ࡶࡢࡀ࡛ࡁ࠶ࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡍࡿ࡜㸪௒ᗘࡣ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡓࡕࡸ௻ᴗࡢ᪉࠿ࡽ㸪ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡗ࡚ఱ㸽࡝ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿࡢ㸽ఱ࡟౑࠼ࡿࡢ㸽ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝࠺
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ㸽࡞࡝㸪࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㉁ၥࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓၥ࠸࠿ࡅ
࡟⟅࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡇࡢศ㔝ࡢ㠃ⓑࡉࡸྍ⬟ᛶࢆࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃఏ࠼ࡿ୍෉ࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᮏࢆㄞࡵࡤ㸪 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࡢ
඲ᐜࡀ࡯ࡰࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢᮏࡢᇳ➹㝕ࡣⱝᡭࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ◊✲఍㸪᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿ᇦࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࣓ࠖࣥࣂ࣮㸪-67ࠕศᏊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ೔⌮࣓ࠖࣥࣂ࣮࠿ࡽࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ
ࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡟᭱ࡶࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸᪉ࠎ࡟࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ㸬 ᖺ  ᭶ᮎࡢ࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅ࠿ࡅ
࡟ࡈ㈶ྠ࠸ࡓࡔࡁ㸪ከᛁࢆྜ㛫ࢆ⦭ࡗ࡚ཎ✏ࢆ࠾ᐤࡏ࠸ࡓࡔࡁ㸪 ᖺవࡾࡢ㛫࡟ห⾜࡟ࡇࡂࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࡦ࡜࠼࡟ࡈᇳ➹ྛ఩ࡢከ኱࡞ࡈ༠ຊ࡟
ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡟ㅰពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸㸬㸦⦅㞟 ᮧ⏣ ᬛ㸧
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ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇ᴫㄽ㻌ศᏊ䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛷䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢స䜛㻌㻌㻌ⴭ⪅㻌 ศᏊ䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇◊✲఍㻌⦅⪅㻌 ᮧ⏣㻌 ᬛ㻌
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ᮏⴭస≀䛾ⴭసᶒ䛿ⴭ⪅䛻䛒䜚䠈㻯㻮㻵 Ꮫ఍ฟ∧䛿ᮏⴭస≀䛻ᑐ䛩䜛」〇䠈㓄ᕸ䠈ᨵኚ䠈෌ฟ∧䛾ᶒ฼䜢䜒䛴䠊㻌㻌㻵㻿㻮㻺㻌978-4-9909076-5-5㻌㻌