INTRODUCTORY NOTE
It is with pride that the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and theTreatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) offers to the international community the Resource Material Series No. 89.
Part One of this volume contains the work product of the 152nd International Training Course, conductedfrom 23 August to 27 September 2012. The main theme of the 152nd Course was Trafficking in Persons —Prevention, Prosecution, Victim Protection and Promotion of International Cooperation . Part Two contains thework product of the 15th UNAFEI UNCAC Training Programme, conducted from 11 October to 14 November
2012. The main theme of the 15th UNCAC Programme was Effective Legal and Practical Measures against
Corruption.
With regard to the 152nd Course, trafficking in persons is a heinous crime that grievously harms its victims.
Every year, millions of men, women and children are trafficked and subjected to sexual exploitation, forced
labour, slavery or other forms of exploitation. Many of them are exposed to multiple chronic traumatizing
events, such as restriction of movement, direct physical violence, and verbal and psychological abuse, causing a
number of physical and mental health problems that are difficult to recover from.
The growing recognition that trafficking in persons is a global problem resulted in the adoption of
the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,
supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. The Protocol
entered into force on 25 December 2003, and its purposes are: “(a) To prevent and combat trafficking inpersons, paying particular attention to women and children; (b) To protect and assist the victims of suchtrafficking, with full respect for their human rights; and (c) To promote cooperation among States Parties inorder to meet those objectives.”1With regard to the 15th UNCAC Programme, corruption poses a serious threat to the stability andsecurity of societies. The threat is even greater when corrupt practices prevail in the public sphere. The
enormous negative impact of corruption and its increasing transnational aspects led to universal recognition
that this phenomenon had to be addressed collectively at the international level. Consequently, several
multilateral instruments against corruption have been adopted since the mid-1990s. The most important ofthese instruments, the United Nations Convention against Corruption (hereinafter referred to as “UNCAC”)
was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 31 October 2003.2
The adoption or ratification of UNCAC, however, does not automatically eradicate corruption.
Investigation, prosecution, adjudication and just punishment of corruption (including confiscation of criminal
proceeds and recovery of assets) are not easy tasks to accomplish, and a large number of countries are stillin the process of tackling the problem.
UNAFEI, as one of the institutes of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme
Network, held these training programmes to offer participants opportunities to share experiences, gain
knowledge, and examine crime prevention measures in their related fields, as well as to build a human networkof counterparts to further international cooperation, which is vital to combating these issues.
In this issue, in regard to both the 152nd International Training Course and the 15th UNAFEI UNCAC
Training Programme, papers contributed by visiting experts, selected individual presentation papers fromamong the participants, and the reports of the 152nd Course and the 15th UNCAC Programme are published. I
regret that not all the papers submitted by the participants of each programme could be published.
I would like to pay tribute to the contributions of the Government of Japan, particularly the Ministry ofJustice, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, and the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation for providing
indispensable and unwavering support to UNAFEI’s international training programmes. Finally I would liketo express my heartfelt gratitude to all who so unselfishly assisted in the publication of this series.
March 2013

Tatsuya Sakuma
Director of UNAFEI
1 G.A. Res. 25, U.N. GAOR, 55th Sess., Supp. No. 49, at 61 (Annex II, Art. 2), U.N. Doc. A/Res/55/25 (2000).
2 G.A. Res. 4, U.N. GAOR, 58th Sess., Supp. No. 49, at 5, U.N. Doc. A/Res/58/4 (2003).

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