THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF
MYANMARU HAN ZAWIMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENTMYANMAR ENGINEERING SOCIETY

30th Japan Road Conference
Toshi Center Hotel

October 30~31,2013

1Myanmar Profile

2Major Issues on Pavement

345Establishment and operation of technicalstandards

Construction of pavement

Expected technical supports from Japan

6Conclusion
2Myanmar Profile

IPopulation
60 Million (2010-2011)

Road Length
148689.9 km (2012)

Area• 676578 km2• 936 km (East – West)• 2051 km (North – South)

Number of Registered Vehicles•

2476672 ( June 2012)

Neighboring Countries•Bangladesh, India, China,Laos, Thailand

3

I

Myanmar Profile

Capital CityComposition• Naypyitaw (Government)• Yangon (Economic)• Mandalay (Culture)• 7 States & 7 Regions• 138 National Races

Official Language• MyanmarClimate• Seasons ( Summer, Raining, Winter)• Temperature (Mean max: 31˚C)• Humidity (Mean ~ 70 %)• Avg. Annual rainfall (~ 1800 mm)

Economy• Currency – Kyat ( 1 US $ ~ 900 kyats )• Per capita GDP – 700 US $ (March 2011)

4

Major Issues on Pavement

Major Issues on Pavement(1) Geometric Design( For Safety, Beauty, Comfort and Economy)(2) Structural Design( For Stability of Road Structure )(3) Maintenance(4) Problems of Roads encountered in Delta Areas

(1)Geometric Design of Road (Public Works)

ClassAADT

No. of lane

Pavement/
Lane Width

D-VI

< 50

Single Lane

12’

D-V

50~200Single Lane

16’

D-IV

200~500

Two Lane

9’

D-III

500~2500

Two Lane11’ (minimum)
12’ (desirable)

D-II> 2500

Four Lane

11’ (minimum)
12’ (desirable)

D-I> 2500

Four Lane(Divided)12’

(1) Geometric DesignStandard Class DV and DVI(Public Works)20’~ 28’

(2) Structural Design of Road
 For Flexible Pavement Design, Public Works is using Road
Note 31 and Oversea Road Note 31
Both come out from the research works made by Transportand Road Research Laboratory ( U.K. ).
 For Rigid Pavement Design, Road Note 29, Transport andRoad Research Laboratory, U.K. is adopted.

(2) Structural Design of Road
Basic Principle
 To distribute traffic load to subgrade To make its stress smaller than the bearing

Traffic Loadcapacity of the subgrade

load

Pavement

Subgradedistribution

Fig: Concrete minimum thickness of slabs

Fig : Reinforcement: minimum weight for concrete slabs

(3) Maintenance• Maintenance Manual for Bituminous
Works) is used.

Road (Public• Manual for maintenance of concrete roads andmanagement of maintenance system are needed tomaintain economically and effectively within limited
budget.

(3) Maintenance• Maintenance Manual for Bituminous
Works) is used.

Road (Public• Manual for maintenance of concrete roads andmanagement of maintenance system are needed tomaintain economically and effectively within limited
budget.

Fig: Concrete minimum thickness of slabs

Fig : Reinforcement: minimum weight for concrete slabs

(3) Maintenance• Maintenance Manual for BituminousWorks) is used.

Road (Public• Manual for maintenance of concrete roads andmanagement of maintenance system are needed tomaintain economically and effectively within limited
budget.

(4) Problems of Ayeyarwady Roads(Delta Area)
 Soft Soil
 High Embankment (high floodlevel, high level of bridges)
 Shortage of Good Quality
Crushed Rock Drainage

Ayeyarwady Delta Area

Data of Ayeyarwady Region
Location- the southern part of the central plains of Myanmar

Area- 13,567 sq-mile (35,138 sq-km)

Population- over 6.5 million

Annual Rainfall - approximately 100 in. (2,500 mm)
Soil Type- mostly Alluvial soil

 A low-lying region and criss-crossed with rivers and lakes
 A flood-prone and tidal area

Establishment and operation oftechnical standards

Factors considered in the Structural Design Design CBR of Subgrade Traffic Loading (cumulative number of standard axles during thedesign life)
 Type and strength of pavement layer

Cumulative Nos. of Equivalence Standard Axles LoadDuring the design life
 Commercial Vehicle = Unladen weight of vehicle 1.5 tons and above Standard Axle

= 18000 pounds.

 Equivalence Factor ={ axle load (lbs) }4.5
18000

= The damage that an be done equivalent to a standard axle
 Design life (n) Annual Growth Rate (r) (Growth rate = 1~2 x GDP )In developed countries - 3 ~ 6 %In developing countries > developed countries
2+ ( n-1) r F={ 2}
 Cumulative Nos. of Equivalence Standard Axles Load During the design life
= n x 365 x F Total equivalence factor x AADT of each type of C.V
of each type of C.V

Percentage ( % ) of commercial Vehicle on Design Lane
Pavement width% of Commercial Vehicle (both directions)on Design Lane

12’

100 %

14’ ~ 18’20’
22’85 %80 %75 %Fig: Typical Flexible Pavement Cross Section

Fig: Typical Flexible Pavement Cross Section

Fig: Typical Flexible Pavement Cross Section

Fig: Typical Rigid Pavement Cross Section (Plain Concrete Type)Layout Plan of Rigid Pavement

Specifications• There is manual for construction of roads andbridges.
• Specifications are written based on above
manual and specifications specified in thedesign manuals.

Construction of pavement

Roads managed by Ministry of Construction

Total road length – 39,082.72 km (March, 2012)
3% 2%
22%
44%
15%
14%

Concrete - 661.3 km
Bituminous - 17184.8 km
Metalled - 5641.7 km
Gravel- 5740.3 km
Earth- 8470.6 km
Donkey- 1384 km

Ratio of Paved and Unpaved Road

Public Works

Whole Country

0%
21%

46%
54%
79%Paved(As of March, 2012)

Unpaved road175000
148,689.9

150000125000100000 90,713
75000
50000
25000

29,49739,082.7

Years201220112010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

02004

Total Length of Road (km)ROAD PROGRESS IN MYANMAR (March, 2012)

Road length of the wholeCountry
Road length under theMinistry of Counstruction

Achievements in Road Sector

Nyaung Oo – Myingyan RoadPyimanar - Yamethin RoadPathein – Monywa Highway

Meiktila – Taunggyi Road

Yangon-Mandalay Expressway (586.2km)

Naypyitaw

November 2nd , 201212

Yangon-Mandalay Expressway(Rigid pavement) Project Data

Mandalay

S.N

ParticularConstruction
PeriodLength(km)Opened toPublic

1

Yangon Naypyitaw

10/2005 – 3/2009

323.4

25-3-2009

2

Naypyitaw Sakainn

7/2008 – 12/2010

24129-12-2010

3Sakainn –Tadaoo Tagonedine21.8

23-12-2011

Naypyitaw

Total Length

1/2011 – 12/2011

586.2

Two Organizations constructed thisexpressway are1.Public Works(under the Ministry of Construction)
Yangon2.

Directorate of Military Engineers(under the Ministry of Defence)Expected technical supports from Japan•To Establish Myanmar Road & Bridge Association, based upon the present
Road & Bridge Technical Division of Myanmar Engineering Society,•To monitor and approve Myanmar Specifications for the Design,
Construction, Operation & Maintenance of Roads & Bridges,•To introduce pavement management system and maintenancemanagement system so that management of roads can be madesystematically within the limited budget.

•Technical Cooperation & Support of Japan Road Association for realizationof the above three issues.

Conclusion• Great Gratitude to this Japan Road C0nferencefor sharing us chances to know about thedevelopment of road sector of Japan and other
Asian countries;• Hope for the future cooperation in learning,sharing, exchange and transferring of roadpavement technology ; and• Difficulties and problems, encountered in ourcountry to be solved in the near future.

Thank you for Kind Attention