Summary● Opening article
The Global Trend of Urbanization and Urban GrowthToshiyasu NODA
Special ResearcherFukuoka Asian Urban Research Center/Professor, Department of Law, Seinan Gakuin University
Summary
In the long history of urbanization and urban growth, this paper examined their global trend focusing on therapid progress since 1970, following the discussion in the United Nations Conference on Housing andSustainable Urban Development (HABITATⅢ). It is evident that the fundamental direction is ‘economic growththrough urbanization and sustainable development’ although there are usual conflicts between centripetalforces (like economies of scale) through urbanization and balanced territorial development. The paper argued
the recent shift to balanced territorial development. In the meantime, there is an international consensus on theactive responses to global environmental conservation in connection with sustainable development. It isinevitable for us to review and establish urban policies in the future, taking into account the determination torestrain global warming by improving energy efficiency of entire city and reducing emissions of greenhousegases.
Keywords: United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (HABITATⅢ),UN-HABITAT, Urbanization, New Urban Agenda (NUA), Economic Growth through Urbanization, SustainableDevelopment, Balanced Territorial Development● Research paper with referee reading
Relationship between Fukuoka’s Yatai Food Stalls and Citizens
Takami MATSUNAGA
Graduate School of Economics
Osaka Prefecture University
SummaryThis study refers to the relationship between Fukuoka’s Yatai Food Stalls and citizens. Understanding that“Yatai” is one of Fukuoka’s “Lifescapes”, this study examines how Yatai has existed as part of the urbansystem to cultivate citizenship in the aspects of morality and an identity. Fukuoka City conducted a survey
toward citizens in 2011, two years before the enforcement of the Fukuoka City’s municipal ordinance for Yatai.
This study analyzes answers to this description type survey to consider how citizens have regarded Yatai. In
its conclusion, this study discusses how to utilize Yatai as sustainable tourist attractions from the viewpoint of
the relationship between Yatai and citizens.
Keywords: Tourist Attractions, Yatai, Communication, “Lifescape”, Moral, Identity	  153	 153

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Harmonization of International Training of Long-Term Care for the Elderly
Takeo OGAWA
Special Researcher
Fukuoka Asian Urban Research Center
Summary
In accordance with population aging in Japan, its dependency ratio has been growing since 1995. This meansthat economic growth becomes a demographic onus rather than demographic bonus. As a result, it would
become difficult for long-term care service providers to recruit care workers in the labor market. Thus,
municipalities as the insurers should make a strategy for recruiting a workforce of long-term care. But, how canthey handle it? To tackle the problem, the Japanese national government has embarked on a change of its
visa policy for foreign care workers: inviting foreign candidates of the Certified Care Worker under the bilateral
economic partnership agreements with Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam, opening job chances as technicalinterns in the field of long-term care, and authorizing a new visa category for long-term care. In order to deal
with the international challenge of ensuring good quality and reasonable quantity of long-term care workforce,municipalities need to establish a good harmonization program for the long-term care training. At first,long-term care work should be redesigned more realistically based on job competency. According to thereassessed long-term care competency, the needed knowledge and skills should be differentiated andstratified from beginners to experts. To the beginner level workers, internationally common training should beprovided. In order to spread the international style of long-term care, the “Train the Trainer” program has to bedeveloped. This paper, in its conclusion recommends Fukuoka City to establish the international long-termcare training center as soon as possible.
Keywords: Long-Term Care Work, Training Program, International Migration, Population Aging● Research report
A Study on the New Stage of Support Policy for Overseas Business Expansion of Local Enterprises
in Fukuoka City
Makoto OKADASpecial Researcher
Fukuoka Asian Urban Research Center

Summary
As is the case with Japan, the City of Fukuoka has also entered a hyper-aged society, and consumption inFukuoka metropolitan area is expected to shrink; therefore, the expansion of Fukuoka’s local enterprises intooverseas markets needs to be accelerated.
This paper clarifies the Fukuoka City’s policy to promote its local enterprises’ overseas expansion based on
the analysis of the changing economic structures of East Asian countries, and also, on the characteristics of
Fukuoka City, such as its position on the industrial distribution layout, economic history, and urban function.
Some of the proposed policies are: 1) to attract people with overseas business knowledge and experience, 2)
to provide services encouraging enterprises to use foreign languages by promoting multi-cultural andmulti-language symbiotic urban society, 3) to accelerate the use of cross-border Electronic Commerce, and 4)
to promote Fukuoka’s local products and services to the inbound tourists.
Keywords: Japanese Economic Growth, Domestic Investment, Corporate Oversea Expansion, Cross-BorderElectronic Commerce, Fukuoka City

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Globalization of the Regional Hub Cities in Japan:
Progresses over 35 years and Prospects for “Sapporo / Sendai / Hiroshima / Fukuoka”
Takayuki KUBO
Senior Researcher / Director of the Information Strategy Office
Fukuoka Asian Urban Research Center
SummaryIn Japan, hierarchic urban system led by Tokyo has been formed. Within the urban system, Sapporo, Sendai,Hiroshima, and Fukuoka, known as “Sapp-Sen-Hiro-Fuku,” have been playing roles as Regional Hub Cities in
the regional parts of Japan. Relative positions of these four cities have changed, influenced by the trend of theJapanese economy as well as the globalization, which has been prominent since the 1980s. In comparing thedomestic and the international indicators of the four cities, Fukuoka showed significant rises in most of theindicators, accompanying the economic growth due to the linkage with the global economy. Preceding theother regions in Japan, Fukuoka municipality government has created the Internationalization Promotion Plan
and the globalization level of Fukuoka has improved more than the key performance indicators listed in theplan. As Japan is situated in the population decline era, not only Fukuoka but the rest of the cities should seek
the way to be the Global Cities taking into account their positions in the urban system and their scales,
implementing urban policies to achieve their sustainable growth.
Keywords: Regional Hub Cities, Fukuoka, Sapporo, Sendai, Hiroshima, Global City, Hierarchic Urban System● Research report
Revitalizing Regional Economy through the Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)in Supporting Foreign Human Resources:
The case study from activities of CIP (Creative Interchange Platform)
Kiheon RYU
Chief Researcher
Fukuoka Asian Urban Research Center
Summary
In this case study, the researcher established an organization for international students known as CIP(Creative Interchange platform). The organization utilizes social media (with Social Networking Service andvideo clips in particular), which is an area of ICT (Information and Communication Technology), as a new
method in supporting foreign human resources. From the experiment’s result, CIP is capable of revitalizing theregional economy. Thus, it is proposed as the solution for regional revitalization. CIP considers self-promotion
videos as an effective tool in addition to the website. The videos provide opportunities to strengthen relations
between Japanese people and foreigners, and they are able to respond to the needs of foreigners as well as
the local people. CIP activities not only provide job search support for foreigners, but also contribute to regional
revitalization through empowerment of local businesses and local people. CIP looks forward to expanding its
function to facilitate the cooperation between Japanese people and foreign residents in Japan to bring about
improvement in resolving current issues and responding to local needs.
Keywords: Support Activities for Foreign Human Resources, ICT, Social Media, Self-Promotion Video,
Revitalizing Regional Economy	  155	 155

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Research on the Current State of Nepalese Students in Japan: A Case Study of Fukuoka
Kiheon RYU
Chief Researcher
Fukuoka Asian Urban Research Center
SummaryFukuoka is the city with the second biggest number of Nepalese students in Japan following Tokyo, and thecurrent number of Nepalese students in Fukuoka is rapidly on the rise. This study examines various aspects ofthe current situation of Nepalese students in Fukuoka. It mainly focuses on the background of the increasing
number of the international students enrolled, in Japanese educational institutions to pursue higher levels ofeducation, as well as seek employment in Japan. Completion of the study and conduction of an opinion survey
aimed at international students bring to light some of the present issues faced by Nepalese students. Lastly,
this study focuses on important issues of job search activities and international exchanges with local Japanesepeople, and analyzes each issue in an attempt to figure out the kinds of support needed to resolve anyproblems that may arise in international students’ life.
Keywords: Support Activities for Foreign Human Resources, Nepalese Students in Japan, Human Resources
Skills Mid-Level, Fukuoka● Research report
Study on the Social-Territorial Development Process in Art-Site Naoshima
Ritaro SHIMIZU
Coursework Completed without Degree, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies
Kyushu University
Takeru SAKAI
Professor, Dr.Eng
Campus Planning Office, Kyushu University
Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, School of Engineering
Kyushu University
Summary
Our previous research defined the problem-solving, sustainable model of the territorial development process
as "Social Territorial Process" with five essential factors, and developed a theoretical framework in order toanalyze territorial development practices for shrinking society. This paper focuses on a case in a small islandof rural Japan called Naoshima that has been developed by a large enterprise taking the initiative since the late1980s. This paper performs detailed analysis on the project development using the theoretical framework. The
analysis showed not only the importance of continuous involvement of private sector over decades but that of
the connection of the project with sub-national and national governments’ political, economic and socialdevelopment goals. More precisely put, this paper makes it clear that the Naoshima project utilized many kinds
and scales of voids in rural locales and transformed them into a platform for artistic expressions and socialinteractions. Such way of using voids provided not only artists and designers but even ordinary local
inhabitants with means to take part in the spatial development and subsequent bottom-up activities, which
fostered strong and broad social dynamism and supported the entire process of the project.
Keywords: Territorial Development Process, Landscape Urbanism, Social Innovation, Art Site Naoshima

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The Issues on Diversification of Human Resource and Language in Establishing Global City:
From Global Human Resource Management Perspective
Yuya TAKAMATSU
Doctoral Program of the Business Administration
Seinan Gakuin University Graduate SchoolSummary
This paper tries to suggest a growth strategy for Fukuoka City from global human resource perspective. It
introduces a concept of linguistic auditing for this approach. However, this term is unfamiliar in Japan.
Linguistic auditing means specific language usage for globalization, which monitors the ruling language atprivate enterprises to hire and make use of global human resources. So, it has the same power as an audit inEurope. In short, we should deal with language issue to be able to make use of diverse human resources.
Keywords: Linguistic Auditing, Management, Diverse Human Resource, Development and Use of Global
Human Resource, Development of Global City	  157	 
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