委員長）(JAHA) CAPP

人 と 動 物 の 絆 HumanAnimal Bond
タイガープレイスと日本における代表的なアニマルセラピーの活動発表《主催》公益社団法人 日本動物病院福祉協会《サポート企業》ロイヤル カナン ジャポン

《司会／座長》戸塚 裕久氏（公益社団法人 日本動物病院福祉協会

《演者》
第一部
ペットを飼うことができる画期的な高齢者用居住施設で、人間と動物の絆について教え、学ぶためのケーススタディとして利用することができる
タイガープレイスという場所があります。このタイガープレイスがもつ優位点についてジョンソン先生に講演いただきます。

「タイガープレイス：ペットと年齢を重ねていける素敵な場所」
レベッカ・ジョンソン氏（ミズーリ大学 獣医学部 ヒューマンアニマル
インターアクション研究所 (ReCHAI)所長／ IAHAIO（人と動物の関係に関する国際組織）会長）

委員長）
CAPP

第二部
人と動物のふれあい活動（ CAPP）に関する発表
日本動物病院福祉協会（ JAHA）で推進しています人と動物のふれあい
活動（ CAPP）について、総論および大別される 種の活動形態について
それぞれ発表を行います。

「 CAPP
活動 総論」
戸塚 裕久氏（公益社団法人 日本動物病院福祉協会）に関する発表」「動物介在活動（ AAA
種稲 憲太郎氏（特別養護老人ホーム きしろ荘 施設長）

）に関する発表」「動物介在療法（ AAT
福田 美穂氏（社会福祉法人 信愛報恩会 信愛病院））に関する発表」「動物介在教育（ AAE
柴内 裕子氏（公益社団法人 日本動物病院福祉協会 顧問）

3

Workshop II
ワークショップ Ⅱ“Human-Animal Bond Lecture Workshop: Tiger Place and Representative
Animal Therapy Activities in Japan”
Organizer: Japanese Animal Hospital Association (JAHA)
MC / Chairperson:
Hirohisa TOTSUKA,
Chairperson, CAPP Committee, Japanese Animal Hospital Association (JAHA)
Speakers:
Part 1: Tiger Place is an innovative residential institution at which the people living there can keep pets. Tiger Place
offers us an excellent case study for learning about the Human Animal Bond. Dr. Johnson will lecture about theadvantages enjoyed by Tiger Place.
“TigerPlace: A Unique Setting for Aging in Place with Companion Animals”
Rebecca A. JOHNSON, PhD, RN, FAAN,
Director, Research Center for Human Animal Interaction (ReCHAI), College of Veterinary Medicine, University ofMissouri,
President, International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations (IAHAIO)Part 2: Presentations on the Companion Animal Partnership Program (CAPP)
There will first be a presentation to provide an overall understanding of CAPP activities and then individual
presentations about the three kinds of activity.
“General Overview Presentation about CAPP Activities”
Hirohisa TOTSUKA, Chairperson, CAPP Committee, JAHA (Japanese Animal Hospital Association)“Presentation on AAA (Animal Assisted Activity)”
Kentaro TANEINE, Director, Special Elderly Nursing Home ‘Kishiro-so’“Presentation on AAT (Animal Assisted Therapy)”
Miho FUKUDA, Shinai Hospital, Social Welfare Corporation Shin-ai Hoon Kai“Presentation on AAE (Animal Assisted Education)”
Hiroko SHIBANAI, Consultant, JAHA (Japanese Animal Hospital Association)

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012

79

《主催者メッセージ

ORGANIZER MESSAGE》

公益社団法人 日本動物病院福祉協会

Japanese Animal Hospital Association (JAHA)

公益社団法人日本動物病院福祉協会（JAHA=JapaneseAnimal Hospital Association）は、1978 年 1 月に日本動活動内容は、目的により次の３つのカテゴリーに分けることができます。

物病院協会として設立され、1987 年 11 月に社団法人日本動物病院として厚生省（現在の厚生労働省）より許可

動物介在活動 Animal Assisted Activity

を受け、その後、2009 年 5 月に内閣府から公益法人と動物とふれあうことによる情緒的な安定、レクリエー

して認定され現在に至っています。人と動物の間に存在ション、QOL（生活の質）の向上等を主な目的としたふする絆を守り、維持するための動物医療を実践すること

れあい活動。JAHA の多くの活動はこのカテゴリーに属で社会貢献する動物病院の協会で、具体的に次の公益目します。

的事業を行っています。
動物介在療法 Animal Assisted Therapy
・動物病院及び動物医療の充実のための継続教育事業
・動物病院及び動物医療に関わる専門職等の資格付与関連事業

動物を介在させた補助療法。医療従事者の主導で実施します。精神的身体的機能、社会的機能の向上等、治療を

・動物病院による地域社会への貢献を推進する事業受ける人に合わせた治療目標を設定し、適切な動物とボ・アニマルセラピー（CAPP 訪問活動）推進のための事業

ランティア（ハンドラー）を選択、治療後は、治療効果

・アニマルセラピーに関する調査研究事業の評価を行います。

人と動物のふれあい活動は上記 5 つの公益目的事業の動物介在教育 Animal Assisted Education

うち、アニマルセラピー（CAPP 訪問活動）推進のため

小学校等に動物と共に訪問し、正しい動物とのふれあの事業として実施しています。この活動は 1986 年 5 月

い方や命の大切さを子どもたちに学んでもらうための活から実施され、現在までの活動延べ回数は約 13,000 回

動。生活科や総合学習などのプログラムとして取り入れとなっています。

る学校もあります。

The Japanese Animal Hospital Association (JAHA) wasestablished in January 1978 and was reorganized as a nonprofit organization authorized by the Ministry of Health andWelfare (the present Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare)in November 1987. In 2009, the Cabinet Office certified the
JAHA as a public interest corporation, its current status. The
JAHA is an association of animal hospitals that seeks to makea social contribution by conducting medical treatment tohelp maintain the existing emotional ties between people andanimals. Specifically, it carries out the following public-interest
projects.
• On-going education projects for improving animal hospitals
and animal medical treatment• Projects related to grant qualifications for professionals
concerning animal hospitals and animal medical treatment• Projects for promoting contributions by animal hospitals to
local society• Projects for promoting animal therapy (CAPP visit activities)• Animal therapy-related survey research projects

The contents of these activities can be divided by ‘purpose’ into
the following three categories.

Among the five above-listed projects, activities aimed atpromoting interaction between people and animals are carried out
as part of the project for promoting animal therapy (CAPP visit
activities). These activities started in May 1986 and have been
carried out on approx. 13,000 occasions up to the present time.

80

人間の医療現場で、専門的な治療行為として行われる

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

• Animal Assisted Activities (AAA)
These are activities carried out for the main purposes offostering emotional stability, recreation, improving qualityof life, etc., through interaction with animals. Many of theactivities carried out by JAHA fall into this category.
• Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT)
AAT is a professional therapeutic practice that involves using
animals as a form of treatment carried out by healthcare
professionals. The treatment goals are set according to theneeds of the patients, such as improving mental and physicalfunctions, social functions, etc., then appropriate animals
and volunteers (handlers) are selected and, after treatment iscompleted, the effects are evaluated.
• Animal Assisted Education (AAE)AAE involves making visits to elementary schools, etc.,
together with animals in order to help children to learn thecorrect way to interact with animals and to appreciate thepreciousness of life. Some schools carry out this activity as
part of their life environmental studies or integrated studies
program.

《座長メッセージ

CHAIR MESSAGE》

公益社団法人 日本動物病院福祉協会 (JAHA) CAPP 委員長・戸塚 裕久

Hirohisa TOTSUKA, Chairperson,
CAPP Committee, Japanese Animal Hospital Association (JAHA)

東日本大震災以降、絆という言葉をとてもよく見聞きするようになりました。公益社団法人日本動物病院福祉協会（JAHA）は、ヒューマン・アニマル・ボンドの理念を大切に、人と動物がより良い関係で共生できる社会の実現を目指して活動しています。
犬や猫、小鳥などのペットと一緒に過ごすとき、私達は心から安らぎを覚え、心身ともにリラックスし、健康が増進されることが分かってきました。これは人と動物の絆（HAB）に由来する相互作用によるものなのです。
JAHA は 1978 年 に 設 立 し、1986 年 か ら ｢ 人 と 動 物のふれあい活動｣（CAPP-Companion Animal Partnership
Program）を開始しました。
2009 年公益社団法人となり、公益目的事業としてア
ニマルセラピー（CAPP ボランティア活動）推進のための事業を行なっています。本会では、この活動をその目
的により次の３つに大別しています。

・動物介在療法（AAT/Animal Assisted Therapy）
人間の医療の現場で、専門的な治療行為として行なわれる動物を介在させた補助療法で、医療従事者の主導で実施します。精神的、身体的、社会的機能の向上など、治療を受ける人に合わせた治療目標を設定し、適切な動物とボランティア（ハンドラー）を選択する。治療後は治療効果の判定を行います。
・動物介在教育（AAE/Animal Assisted Education）
小学校に動物とともに訪問し、動物との正しいふれあ
い方や命の大切さを子どもたちに学んでもらうための活動です。生活科や総合学習などのプログラムとして取り入れる学校も徐々に増えています。

・動物介在活動（AAA/Animal Assisted Activity）
動物とふれあうことによる情緒的な安定、レクリエー
ション、QOL の向上等を主な目的としたふれあい活動
で、一般的にアニマルセラピーと呼ばれる活動の多くはこのタイプです。

このワークショップで、皆様に人と動物のふれあい活動（CAPP）に対する理解を深めていただければ幸いです。
どうぞ皆さん、CAPP 活動に参加して下さい。

Ever since the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster befell us
we have come to hear the word “kizuna” (meaning “emotionalbonds” or “ties”) far more frequently than before. The JapaneseAnimal Hospital Association (JAHA) has been expanding
its activities towards realizing a society in which people andanimals can live together in a more harmonious relationship byfocusing on this idea of “human-animal bonds”.

• Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT)
AAT is a professional therapeutic practice that involves using
animals as a form of treatment carried out by healthcare
professionals. The treatment goals are set according to theneeds of the patients, such as improving mental and physicalfunctions, social functions, etc., then appropriate animals
and volunteers (handlers) are selected and, after treatment iscompleted, the effects are evaluated.

It is well established that when people spend time with pets
such as dogs, cats and birds they feel a sense of genuine relief.
They can relax more, both physically and mentally, which helps
improve their health. This is due to the reciprocal influence ofhuman-animal bonds (HAB).
JAHA was established in 1978 and started up the Companion
Animal Partnership Program (CAPP) from 1986 onwards.
Since becoming a public interest corporation in 2009, JAHA
has continued to carry out projects to promote animal therapy(CAPP volunteer activities) in order to further the benefits tothe public. The contents of these activities can be divided by‘purpose’ into the following three categories.
• Animal Assisted Activities (AAA)
These are activities carried out for the main purposes offostering emotional stability, recreation, improving qualityof life, etc., through interaction with animals. Many of theactivities generally termed “animal therapy” are of this type.

• Animal Assisted Education (AAE)AAE involves visiting elementary schools together withanimals in order to help children to learn the correct way tointeract with animals and to appreciate the preciousness oflife. The number of schools introducing this activity as part oftheir life environmental studies or integrated studies programis gradually increasing.
I would be personally delighted if this workshop can help theparticipants deepen their understanding about activities relating
to human-animal bonds under CAPP.
Lastly, I would like to invite everybody to please consider
participating in CAPP activities.

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201281

タイガープレイス：ペットと年齢を重ねていける素敵な場所
TigerPlace: A Unique Setting for Aging in Place with Companion Animals
ミズーリ大学獣医学部 ヒューマンアニマルインターアクション研究所 (ReCHAI) 所長／ IAHAIO（人と動物の関係に関する国際組織）会長・レベッカ Ａ . ジョンソン

Rebecca A. JOHNSON, PhD, RN, FAAN, Director, Research Center for Human Animal Interaction(ReCHAI), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, President, International
Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations (IAHAIO)

ペットの飼い主を対象とした多くの研究で、高齢の人々

ペットを飼うことは強制ではないが、世話をする能力

にとってペットと過ごすことは、健康にも幸福にも有益のある人にはペットを飼うことを奨励しています。「タイであるということが示されています。ペットは無償の愛

ガープレイス ペット イニシアチブ (TiPPI) 」がペットのと社会的サポート、朝起きることの理由、年を取って困入手や世話の手伝いを提供してくれます。「PAWSitive」

難の増える日常生活の中で別の目的を与えてくれるもの（Paws は 動物の足のことであり、これでポジティブ＝前です。これらの研究結果はこのミズーリ大学シンクレア

向き、という意味）が毎週、動物を連れての訪問を行い、看護学校が設立した高齢者向け住居の特色の元となって住居者は毎回違った種類の動物と触れ合うことができるいます。

ようになっています。住居者は短いセミナーを受け、そ「タイガープレイス」はペットを奨励している高齢者向の週に訪問している動物の種類について学ぶことができけ住宅です。
「タイガープレイス」のモデルになっているます。タイガープレイスに入居している飼い主に飼われのは「エイジング イン プレイス」です。この住宅モデルているペットは、毎月獣医の訪問を受けます。建物内には、高齢者が介助や介護、または両方が必要となったときは獣医が動物のメディカル検査などができる設備が整っに入居するものです。目的はできるだけ長く自立の機能をており、簡単な 措置を施すことができるようになってい保持させることにあります。入居者はタイガープレイスのます。

集合住宅に入り、月額の家賃を支払うことで、清掃などとタイガープレイスは、看護や医学、獣医学、理学療法

サービスと一日に２食の食事を受けることができます。まや作業療法、工学、社会福祉などを学んでいる多くのミたソーシャルプログラム（社交活動プログラム）も準備さ

ズーリ州立大学の学生にとって実習の場であり、ユニー

れています。ここの高齢者はたとえ介護度が増しても、再クな学習の機会を提供しています。

び引越しを繰り返さなくても済むのです。なぜならそこで追加の介護がその集合住宅で受けられるからです。

Pet ownership has been shown in several studies to bebeneficial to the health and well-being of older adults. Pets
provide unconditional love and social support, a reason
to get up in the morning, something to focus on besides
the daily challenges of aging. These findings are the basisof a unique component of a retirement residence that was
founded by the University of Missouri Sinclair School of
Nursing.
TigerPlace is a pet-encouraging retirement residence
for older adults. The model for TigerPlace is “Aging inPlace.” In this model, older adults choose to move into
the retirement residence when they need assistance, care or
both. The goal is to maintain independent functioning as
long as possible. Residents pay a monthly rental fee to live
in an apartment in TigerPlace and receive services including
housekeeping and two meals per day. There is also social
programming for the residents. Even as the older adults
have increased care needs, they do not have to move again.
Additional care is provided in their apartment.

82

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

While pet ownership is not required, we encourage petownership for those who are capable of taking care of a pet.
The TigerPlace Pet Initiative (TiPPI) provides assistancewith pet adoption and care. A weekly animal visitation
program called “PAWSitive Visits” gives residents theopportunity to interact with a different species of animaleach week. The residents also receive a short seminar sothat they can learn about the species that is visiting eachparticular week. Pets who live at TigerPlace with theirowners receive a monthly visit from a veterinarian. The
building also has a fully equipped veterinary medical
examination room where the veterinarian can do minor
health care tasks on the animals.
TigerPlace is a learning laboratory for a variety of
University of Missouri students including those fromnursing, medicine, veterinary medicine, physical therapy,
occupational therapy, engineering and social work. It
provides a unique learning opportunity.

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201283

Workshop II
ワークショップ Ⅱ記録 集

84

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

タイガープレイス：ペットと年齢を重ねていける素敵な場所
TigerPlace: A Unique Setting for Aging in Place with Companion Animals
ミズーリ大学獣医学部 ヒューマンアニマルインターアクション研究所 (ReCHAI) 所長／ IAHAIO（人と動物の関係に関する国際組織）会長・レベッカ Ａ . ジョンソン

Rebecca A. JOHNSON, PhD, RN, FAAN, Director, Research Center for Human Animal Interaction(ReCHAI), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, President, International
Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations (IAHAIO)
Thank you very much for the honor and privilege toabout IAHAIO which tells you where we werespeak to you today. I am deeply honored to have been

incorporated and our purposes. The purposes, broadly

invited to present here and to be in the company of

speaking, are to encourage research, education andsuch incredible leaders in veterinary medicine and inpractice in human animal interaction and to advancethe pet product world. It’s a special honor and I am

human animal interaction into new and exciting andvery grateful, thank you.

unprecedented directions. We have a wonderfulconference and our next conference is in 2013 and I

It is my privilege to serve as the Director of thewill tell you about that shortly.

Research Center for Human Animal Interaction at
the University of Missouri. And if you know the USA,

Since I became President 15 months ago we haveyou know that Missouri is right in the middle of thecompletely renovated the IAHAIO website, I encouragecountry. We call it the “Middle of Nowhere” [as a joke].

you to go there and visit. We have done a complete

So we live in the middle of the country, the geographic

strategic planning operation to review our goals

epicenter.

and our mission and look at the projects that we areundertaking to move the organization and human

Also I am a faculty member by appointment in bothanimal interaction forward. We have restructured

veterinary medicine and nursing. My nursing PhD is

our membership categories to make IAHAIO morein Gerontology so my work focus is largely around theinclusive rather than exclusive. And we have createdelderly, care of the elderly and ways to improve that.

a new award called the “William F. McCulloch Award”(Please note that I am running two computers here sothat is going to be given out, for the very first time,that I can see my slides in English but you can see themat our conference in 2013. This award honors Billin Japanese.)

McCulloch who is a veterinarian and who was initiallyworking with Dr. Leo Bustad, Founder of the Human-

It is an honor to serve as President of IAHAIO. IAHAIO

Animal Bond. So we are going to honor Dr. McCulloch

is the International Association of Human Animal-by giving someone an award in his name. It will beInteraction Organizations. We are the global network

someone in the world who is doing wonderful educationof org anizat ions doing work on human animalor practice work.

interaction. So it is a privilege to be here as Presidentof this organization to see some of our member groups

I am also pleased to announce that we have creatednamely HARS and JAHA. We had a lovely dinner last

a wonderful new collaboration with the Americannight with some of our colleagues from JAHA, so it is an

Veterinary Medication Association. So our conference

honor to be here to talk to you from the point of viewin 2013 will be held in Chicago, my hometown, whichof IAHAIO.

is very exciting. And it will be in tandem together with
the American Veterinary Medical Association’s 100th

You can read from your handout some information

convention. So this is the first time that IAHAIO has

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201285

united with the Medication Association. We are very

Central’ which is going to be an online repository of

excited about that. The new collaborations that will

all literature published and unpublished about human-

result from that will be really great. Because Veterinary

animal interaction. Presently the literature is scattered

Medicine understands human animal-interaction weover different places but this project is going to bringare hoping that, for 2016, we can hold our conference

access to all of that literature in one place on the web,in tandem with a human medical convention so thata place that is new improved and very exciting. I

we begin to bring the fields together to consider ‘one

believe it will be open on March 1st. So, on the far side

health, one medicine’ and human animal interaction. So

we expect to gain more fiscal help for IAHAIO as we

please come to Chicago July 20-22nd 2013.

engage with more corporate partners.

We conducted a membership survey in 2011 and foundAlso, we are going to engage our members. We havethat our members are very happy with our conferences.

already done so by expanding the website and we are

They were very pleased with the credibility associatedalso going to start a database project where people

with being a member of IAHAIO. So I invite you togroups doing animal assisted activity will be working

encourage other organizations doing HAI work to join

together to collect clinical data and outcome data

IAHAIO. There is great strength when we work together

showing the outcomes of visits. Up until now, weand there is credibility in IAHAIO.

can say all we want about “how nice it is to do animal
assisted activity visits” but, until we show actual

So the conferences were viewed as very important foroutcome data, nobody within the scientific disciplines

our members but they also asked us if we could create

is really going to believe us. They just say “that’s justmore ways for them to interact. So our new website

nice, but we want to see scientific data!” So we will

has an area where members can interact together, talkbe creating a research source and a network andto each other, share their projects, share their ideas andeventually we will be down here in the far right handdevelop new projects.

corner where IAHAIO is the source. So for our future
we are growing our membership, we are creatingThis is our logic and in the USA we like logic models.

new partnerships and we are going to move the field

The idea is that you have a strategy on the left side, you

forward in unprecedented and highly exciting ways.

have your focus in the center and you have outcomeson the right side. What we want is down at the very

But now back to Missouri, the middle of the country, ‘thebottom right hand corner, we want IAHAIO to be themiddle of nowhere’. I bring greetings. Our vet school

source for human-animal interaction. In order to do

there has over 400 veterinary medical students andthat, we are going to do several things. We are going to

we have a four year curriculum for them. Our nursing

actively recruit new members and we have been doing

school has close to 500 Baccalaureate Degree nursing

this. I have listed some here for you to see and, when

students, approximately 200 Masters degree students

we recruit new members, what we get over on the far

and approximately 50 PhD nursing students. So we areside is more vitality, new ideas, and more exchange of

fairly large for the State.

information.
The University of Missouri is a land-grant mission

86

We are also going to raise corporate support foruniversity. It was founded on the principles of one of

IAHAIO and we have started to do this. Pfizer is helping

our presidents, namely Thomas Jefferson who was ato fund the William F. McCulloch Award and we arevery strong educator. So we were the first university

working with the Human-Animal Bond Researchcreated in 1839 that was with the new property

Institute (HABRI Foundation) that was formed inpurchased by the United States from Mexico, under the2010 by the American Pet Products Association. We

so-called ‘Louisiana Purchase’. (I wonder if there areare working with them on a project called ‘HABRI

any US history experts among you who know about the

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012‘Louisiana Purchase’?)University). Here is a photo of my husband and my
puppy…I think they are both kind of cute so you have

So we are charged with the responsibility of providing

to look at them. Sorry, but this is my chance to have mya comprehensive education to the citizens of our state.

family with me !

We also have many people who come from outside of
the state to be educated at our university. I will tell you

So why do we have a center at MU? We have thisabout the research at the School of Nursing because it’human animal interaction center because of thes very exciting. We rank number 15 out of more thanconcept of “one health, one medicine”. The health of

300 US schools of nursing in terms of the amount ofanimals and the health of people are not separate, they

NIH research grant funding we receive.

are linked. Indeed, they are dependent on each other so
we cannot study them in isolation of each other. So we

Why the Tiger? (Is anybody here born under the sign

believe in one health, one medicine and in this respectsof the Tiger or the Chinese year of the Tiger? - I myself

we are one of only five universities in the USA thatwas born in the year of the Monkey - Oh good, one

have all of these disciplines. We are one of only five toperson here was born in the Year of the Tiger.) In thehave veterinary medicine, medicine, nursing, physical

United States our culture can be very strange and one

therapy, occupational therapy, law, and journalism.

of the things we like is to have a mascot, for everything.

So it is logical that we would have my center, which

We have a mascot for sports teams and a mascot for

I started in 2005. Our mission is pure and simple -universities. The Tiger is the mascot for the University

we want to study and promote the health benefits ofof Missouri. Of course, there have never been any

humans and animals interacting. That’s what we are

Tigers in Missouri except in the Zoo, so I have no idea

about.

why they chose the Tiger, except that it is a powerful,wonderful, grand animal. The founders probably

So this slide shows our objectives. I won’t read them all

wanted the university to be powerful, wonderful andto you but we conduct research, and provide education

grand which it is. So the Tiger is our mascot and his

opportunities. In fact we have provided an education

name is Truman.

opportunity to a colleague sitting right here, namely
Hamano-sensei who came and worked with us for 6

Do any of you remember President Harry Truman?

months, yes. This slide shows some of the programs

May I say this very sheepishly but he was the one who

but I am not going to go into a lot of detail on these

did something very bad to Nagasaki and Hiroshima. He

but I would like you to read them. We do a wide range

was born in Missouri and is respected for becomingof studies and programs in the community that show

President that for being the only President that everjust how beneficial it can be when you get people andcame from Missouri. So Truman is the name of theanimals doing healthy things together, how it helps the

Tiger, our mascot. And everything at University ofhealth of both ends of the leash. Of course, I am only

Missouri is the Tiger. So TigerPlace is named because

speaking about companion animals. Here you can readof that. You see Truman here? He is at a sports game,the titles of our projects which I will show you briefly

the lower right hand corner is an [American] footballin the interest of time. You can see that we are a busy

game. 60,000 people have come to watch football –moving place with a lot going on. I am sure Dr. Hamano

indeed it is almost a form of insanity in our country. (Asagrees that we are a busy moving place.

you can probably tell, I am not a sports fanatic).
So TigerPlace is what we are really here to talk about.
But why do we have a center on human animal

TigerPlace was an innovation that has grown out ofinteraction at the University of Missouri? The university

needs. In the United States we expect that, by theis a 4 campus system and the four campuses as a wholeyear 2030, over 30% of the U.S. population will be

are called the University of Missouri, or MU (Missouri

over 65 years of age. And I am told that in Japan you

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201287

also have a rapidly increasing demographic group of

not even to another part of the building to get more

older adults. So we must do something to effectively

care. They move into TigerPlace one time only and stayaddress the needs of that population group. TigerPlacein their apartment until they pass away with additionalarose out of an awareness of that need. Older adults

care added as they come to need it. In my world thissometimes need more help and care and support asalso means having their dog or cat on their bed withthey age. In our culture, we call them “senior citizens”

them.

or “seniors” for short. Seniors want to be active. They
want to try and remain as healthy as possible for as

So the whole foundation of ageing in places is based

long as possible, remaining as independent as theyon careful nurse coordination of the care, prevention

can be for as long as they can and not to be dependent

activities and early assessment of problems before theyon their children. That is our culture. We are a very

become major problems. It is about getting the care

individualistic culture, we don’t have too much in theand support that people need and helping people to

way of filial piety that you have in Japan. Our people

keep their pets. We want to have people healthier for

don’t want to do be a burden to their children.

longer and with their pets. We want to avoid all these
expensive costs of moving into a nursing home where

So the typical way that people age in the States is thatthey soon become depressed and ill, and unable to havethey live in their own house and then they move intoa healthy or dignified life.

some supportive senior housing. After that they go into
what we call ‘assisted living’ where more care is given

So the School of Nursing engaged with a company

to them. From there they go into what we call a ‘nursing

called Americare. Americare had been providing

home’, (I think here you call it a nursery home). Thennursing care to people for 22 years when they joined

they go to the hospital and die in the hospital. Thisus. They built the building at a cost of $30 million.

has been the trajectory of aging in our country for

They not only built is for us but they maintain and run

a long time, but we now have [even greater] culture

the building. This is a picture of TigerPlace seen fromchange. [More] young adults are moving away fromthe front with a tiger tail everywhere as you can see. It’their older adults so we don’t have multigenerationals always a tiger tail - we Americans are just so silly !

families living together any more. Things are now far
more individualistic. Everybody is busy working and

So we started with 31 apartments and these

we have very few people available to take care of their

immediately became full. So they built the second partelderly family members. So we need a different modelof the building called Tiger2 with 23 apartments. Thatfor providing this care.

also was immediately filled so now they have built
Tiger3, which just opened in July. That has many more

Some of my own research on the relocation of older(although I do not recall the exact numbers) but it ispeople has shown that when you start moving people

rapidly expanding. So the idea was to create a building

again and again as they come to need more careso that it can accommodate all the care that anybody

the outcomes are negative on their health. They

might ever need, right in their own apartment.

become depressed, they have falls and they develop
incontinence. They suffer all kinds of problems withThis was the first advertisement for TigerPlace, based

this constant moving. We are better off keeping themon fun. This is a positive model, “move from yourin their home as long as possible.

home to TigerPlace”, “come live at TigerPlace – it’s a
fun place, shake, rattle and roll”. “We want you to be88

So our vision for TigerPlace was to have a place where

happy, healthy, and have your pets”. “If you don’t haveolder adults could age with dignity and have supportivea pet we will help you get one. So come live with us”.

services and nursing care added as they come to need

And people do! There is a long waiting list of people

it. This way they do not have to move to another place,wanting to get into TigerPlace.

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

These are all the schools and colleges at MU that

promotion activities - influenza shots are given and weare joined in the project. You can see that many areteach about how to stay healthy.

involved. We have the School of Architecture involved
in helping to design the building, we have the School

So here’s the point. The standard way that people ageof Horticulture that planned all the gardens and did all

and die is that they have a continuous decline, andthe landscaping. We were all working together. It wasusually the declines are pretty large in function. Thea beautiful thing.

person may fall down and break their hip which causes
a major decline in function. That can often create some

These are the list of general services people

cognitive decline in their ability to think clearly. So

automatically receive when they move into TigerPlace.

people keep having these declines and then they end

There is a ‘Concierge Service’ to drive you where you

up in the hospital and die. We don’t want that. Thatneed to go. They will take you to your appointments,

is not a dignified or healthy way to age. We want the

take you to the doctor or take you shopping. Theymodel that TigerPlace provides. We want people to be

will even go to the casino too, (a lot of TigerPlaceon a long plateau. They may have a slight decline but

residents like to gamble so they go to gamble). All thethen resume with a long plateau again. Then there may

apartments have internet access and computers. Therebe slight decline again, and then they die. Some mightis restaurant style dining with executive chefs. We havejust lie down on their bed with their dog beside them

hired executive chefs so you can choose what you wantand slip off into heaven. This is the goal. It is a moreto eat. So people don’t all have to eat the same thing at

dignified approach - focusing on health, preventing

the same time. Individualized life is what we are about.

illness, preventing problems, maximizing wellness andhelping people to stay active until they die.

We also provide access to the university because
TigerPlace is a university project. TigerPlace residents

This slide shows the front of TigerPlace. Here is a vieware brought to the football games, they come to theof the front door. You will see that there are no steps

concerts and they come to the theatrical performances

at TigerPlace - it’s all on one level. No one needs to fall

and to art exhibitions on campus. They don’t have toup or down steps. Of course the part that is the mosttake care of their home as it is all done for them. These

important to me is the pet friendly construction. I

are the services that are provided. The nurses makewas heavily involved in the design of this building. Allfour in-home visits. If you are healthy you don’t evenof the apartments have screened-in porches. This is aneed an in-home visit so you don’t get one. You just get

little room which is outside of their door with screens

what you need. We provide personal care if someone

to keep the bugs out and the pets in. The cat can beneeds help with bathing or with getting their hair done

outside in the screened-in porch, enjoying and watchingor with light housekeeping. It is all provided. If people

the birds. The dog can be out there or the older personneed help to remember to take their medications, we

can be out there, and can then go outside. The wholeprovide it. And we watch out for problems early.

building is built around a square. In the center is abeautiful courtyard so the dogs can go out into the

So aging in place involves an RN, or ‘Registered Nurse’,courtyard but remaining contained while enjoying lifea Baccalaureate prepared nurse who serves as a care-with their older person.

coordinator, and a veterinarian to identify problemsin TigerPlace pets. We have 17 pets that reside at

The window sills are wide so that cats can watch the

TigerPlace and the pets are also aging in place. Olderbirds out of the windows. There is a tile floor justpeople have older pets, and they too need a little careinside the door so that when dogs come inside withand a little help. So we follow everyone to make suremuddy feet they don’t make a mess. And there arethey can stay in their home, in their apartment andwalk trails all the way around the complex because wehave the services they need. We also conduct healthdo want to encourage people to walk.

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201289

These are some of the common spaces. You can see

bedroom apartments’ with a separate bedroom, living

views of the dining rooms. These are the columns

space, kitchen and bathroom. Thirdly, there are thewhich are much like the columns we have on campus.

‘two-bedroom apartments’. We have one lady who got

We wanted to be connected to campus, conceptually.

herself two of these two-bedroom apartments so she

So these are the dining rooms where the residents

has a 3000 square-foot living space at TigerPlace. That

have their lunch and dinner. They usually have theiris very big! People pay rent on a monthly basis which

breakfast in their own apartment. This is the lobby, a

includes all of the services I told you about, two meals

sitting area where they can meet family and where theya day, laundry and a kitchen. Here is an example of thecan sit. There is an area next to it where there is a poolliving space in the apartments, the small kitchen.

table – indeed, there are extremely keen pool players at
TigerPlace who take it very seriously.

And now I will tell you about our ‘TigerPlace Pet
Initiative’ which is what I think sets TigerPlace

There is also a sports bar. (It is named after the Bengal

incredibly apart from any other place in the world.

Lair tiger den - another silly Americanism). It’s a sports

Not only do we allow pets but we encourage pets. The

bar where happy hour is held everyday at 5 o’clock

mission and goals of the TigerPlace Pet Initiative, orwhere residents can come out for drinks and watch“TiPPI”, are to help people stay engaged with theirsports games on big screen TV.

companion animals and to provide good care for thecompanion animals also. As I said before, this is because

There is a walk-in swimming pool that also has a lifting

the animals are aging too. We also carry out researchdevice for people unable to walk into the pool. And weon the benefits of owning a pet and we provide foster

have a theater where movies are regularly shown andcare and adoption services if a resident has to go into

people from the university give presentations there.

hospital. We will take care of their pet while they are

And of course there is a beauty shop where everybody

there and if they pass away before their pet passes

gets their hair done. This is a view of the exercise room,away - a really major concern for older people - we will

and the library. It is all pretty nice !

take care of their pet and find it a new owner.

Here is ‘Tiger Total Fitness’ where the focus is on

So here are the rules. There can only be two pets inphysical activity and remaining active - keeping

each apartment. The pets can enter all the common

walking, doing exercises etc. There is a dance class, aspaces but they have to be on a lead. (We have a

Tai Chi class, a Yoga class - all kinds of exercise. There

security deposit in case a pet causes some damage

are group activities as well as individual training forto the building). Whenever a new pet moves in we

people to stay healthy. So if we have someone who

make an assessment of the animal. We make sure it

has come back from the hospital after some kind ofhas had vaccinations, we look at its behavior and wecatastrophic health event we will develop an individual

check to see if there are any health issues that may

program for them to return to physical fitness again.

need attending to. We keep records about the health

Here again is a view of the outside. You can see theissues in our own veterinary medical exam room whichscreened-in porches I was talking about, and the walkis right inside the building. We keep track of all the

trail going all the way around.

vaccinations for all the animals. This slide shows theexamination room, and this is our exam table. The

Within TigerPlace there are three types of apartment.

reason we do all this is not because we think it is fun or

One is what we call the ‘Efficiency’ type. This is

nice. It is based on science which clearly supports theessentially one big room that the resident lives in. The

fact that older people benefit from being with, living

kitchen is on one wall, the bed on another wall and thewith, owning and aging with companion animals.

living space is in between. Maybe some of you know
about that type of apartment. Then there are the ‘one

90

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

We know that pets give their love unconditionally.

In our society, in the US, when you are no longer an

in pain, I hurt, no one loves me and I’m all alone in thisincome producer you are not valued as much as theworld”. We want them to be more positive, thinking

younger people who are making money in the system.

things such as “I’m doing the best I can, I do have someBut pets are unconditional with their love. They don’pains but it’s not too bad. I have my companion animalt care if you are making money or not. They don’t

who loves me, someone for me to focus on and not justcare if you walk with a cane, they just love you. Older

my pain”. Having a more positive morale means thatpeople need this unconditional love as they face all thethe older person will be more engaged with the world

little declines in their health. They need their pets inand less isolated. Not just staying at home, sitting,order to have a reason to get up in the morning. Pets

watching TV, feeling bad and getting more and more

for older people are viewed as an individual member

depressed. If we can improve morale, then older peopleof the family, not as something they own or an object.

will remain happier and they will remain more active.

And they certainly do inspire fun. Older people need toWhen they are more active, they will stay physicallyhave a reason to have fun. Fun is important, we have tohealthier and be more active.

laugh. People who end up in nursing homes have fewer
and fewer opportunities to laugh or have fun. They

I have probably over-emphasized that point but here

need to feel the beneficial neuro-chemicals that occur

is some research data that’s very interesting. I willwhen they interact with a companion animal.

just explain what this chart means. These two columns[on the right] show that when animal assisted therapy

Here is an example. People out walking with a dog

was given to older adults, there was significantly lessare much more likely to have some interaction withloneliness. When people get to interact with an older

another person - whether that person be a friend, an

adult or with an animal they don’t feel so lonely. Thereacquaintance or a stranger - than people who are notare physical benefits and all the photos you see here

walking with a dog. We know that when you walk inwere ones I took here in Japan on my last visit. When I

the presence of a dog you get more attention, positive

see older people with pets here all the time I think it isattention. Older people need positive attention, we all

wonderful. I want to run up to them and give them a big

do.

hug (although they would probably think I am crazy).
Older people who own pets are more likely to exercise

So here are some of the psychological benefits.

because they walk more. If they have a dog it needs toOlder pet owners in particular are less likely tohave a walk. They are going to give it a walk because

become depressed. They have someone else to thinkthey are committed to taking care of their animal. So

about besides their own aches and pains and what’

it is good for both ends of the leash. Older adults who

s happening to them. They are thinking about theirowned a pet, walked longer and had much better, what

animal and they have better morale. Morale is a very

we call ‘lipid profiles’, in their blood. I am talking about

important thing for older people. Do you know what I

cholesterol. You know about good and bad cholesterol

mean when I say morale? Who can speak English andand triglycerides. Lab values are consistent acrosstell me what I mean? Thomas I will pick on you, what’s

several studies that, if you have a pet, your risk factors

morale?

for cardiovascular disease decrease. And if you do havea heart attack, or you have bad genes, you are more

Audience (Thomas): Morale means feeling positive,

likely to survive the heart attack one year later if you

optimistic.

have a pet. This is science, not ‘fluffy’ superstition.

Rebecca Johnson: Perfect, he is an A+ student! Yes,

To continue talking about cholesterol levels, ourmorale is about a positive, optimistic outlook. We wantcolleagues here in Japan, namely Motooka, Koike,older people to have a positive, optimistic outlook. They

Yokoyama and Kennedy, did a very interesting thing.

should not be thinking “oh, I am dying everyday” or “I’m

They studied older adults walking with Cavalier King

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201291

Charles Spaniels and measured the High Frequency

whatever help is needed - they give eye drops, theyPower Heart Rate. This refers to the heart rate showing

give animals their medications, and they check on them

periods of rest between beats in the heart. We need

three times a week.

good periods of rest between beats because without
them the heart will wear out quicker. So we want thisThen we have a program called ‘PAWSitive Visits’

rate to be high. When people were walking alone they

where we bring animals to the facility. It is not enoughmeasured 60 Hz, as shown at this level. But when they

for residents to only have their own pet - we want

walked with the dog, there were significantly better

them to see other animals too. So the animals arrive

periods of rest between the heart beats than without

and we hold a session and bring in the animals. (I am

the dog. Next they measured the same thing for 3 days

going to show you this shortly). Then we have a fundto see what would happen. Again the white bars onthat enables us to take care of the pets whose owners

the chart are the measures ‘without the dog’, the green

die. Sometimes a pet lives longer than its owner whichbars are measures ‘with the dog’. What they found was

is obviously a reality with older people, but that fact

that, after the first day, the benefits were cumulative.

should not keep these people from having a pet. We

So there was even more benefit on day 3 than on day

should be able to provide help in these situations

2. I am eager for them to repeat this study and extend

and we do. And then, very gratefully, we have theit even longer. Let’s see how far we can go to increase

HILLS feeding program where we are able to provide

these benefits. I am getting old myself so I want towonderful food for the pets at a very low price to help

know the results pretty soon!

out the older people who only need that kind of help.

So I will return to talking about TigerPlace. We are

So we have in-house pet medical care. This slide showsbased on science not fluffiness. We have our own

our veterinarian Dr. Jim Creed, and this is our exam

veterinary medical exam room, as I mentioned. A

room. You can see the pet food on the side. Dr. Creedveterinarian comes once a month and visits all 17 of

takes any animal that needs treatment to the exam

the pets. I have to say that when we first started thisroom to carry out small procedures. I should also

service the old ladies thought it was very amusing that

note that we are not taking business away from thea vet would come to their home to see their cat or dog,

local veterinarians because what we are doing is ‘casewhile their own doctor would not make home visits.

finding’. Dr. Creed identifies the problems in the pets

Nowadays in the USA there are no house calls anymore

and tells the older person that their dog needs to see afor human medicine. When we asked our humanveterinarian. If they don’t have their own veterinarian

medical colleagues to keep an examination room atin the community then we take them to the Vet School.

TigerPlace and to come and make house calls they

So we are not taking business away from veterinarians

responded that the residents were welcome to come tobecause we are finding cases earlier than an older

their clinics. In other words, they said “no”!

person would detect by themselves if they didn’t haveour veterinarian visiting their pets.

So we have a veterinarian who makes house calls andwe have hired pet care assistants because, as old pets

This is a good learning experience for students. We

grow older they develop little problems and need help.

have vet students who are gaining an opportunity to

For example, older people cannot see the tiny numbers

work with older people and old pets. Here is Dr. Creedon the tiny syringe to be able to draw up insulin for

visiting some of the pets. Making house calls, he talks

their pet. If any of you veterinarians ever send an older

to the owner, asks how the pet has been eating, has

person away with instructions to administer insulin

the pet been going to the bathroom, does the pet seem

twice a day I feel I should scold you because they

well and regular or is there something different? He iscannot necessarily see well enough to do this. They

carrying out a little history taking.

need some help. So our pet care assistants perform92

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

We also want our people in TigerPlace to learn. Dr.

Here is case study 1, about successful pet ownership at

Creed gives classes about flea and tick prevention. He

TigerPlace. We had this lady who is 96 years old. Thatgives classes about how to recognize diabetes in cats oris very old and she was in really good health (I have arenal failure. He is teaching the residents of TigerPlace

picture of her here at the end) but she had a 28 year

how to know a problem before it happens if theirold cat. That too is very old for a cat, I am sure you

animal is in trouble. Together, working with our petveterinarians agree. The lady had had the cat since it

care assistants, we know that we will detect problems

was a kitten, 28 years before. My pet care assistantearlier.

went in and asked “where is Cleo, the cat?” The old lady
answered with “I know she is not feeling well, there is

By the way, if we identify behavior problems wesomething wrong with her”. The pet care assistant went

also work with them. You know about Miniaturein and found Cleo looking terrible, drooling and looking

Dachshunds already. They have quite a personality.

as if she was at death’s door. So the veterinarianWell, one little doxie suddenly started biting people.

examined Cleo and found that, at 28, this cat had

When the caregiver would come into the owner’s

developed diabetes. The vet prescribed insulin and myapartment or leave out of the door the doxie would run

pet care assistant now goes twice a day, morning andup quickly and try to bite the visitor’s foot. I wondernight, to give the insulin. The cat suddenly went into

if any of you have ever seen a doxie do that? Nobody?

remission. No more diabetes, no more need for insulin(Well I guess there are only good doxies in Japan !)and now the cat is running around like a kitten again.

This particular doxie’s name was Shadow and his owner

It is like magic. I don’t understand how that is possible

was able to have this problem corrected. Now, Shadow

but it is a wonderful thing that happened. The oldis contained whenever anybody is ready to leave. We

lady said to me that “Cleo is the reason I get up in the

don’t want people getting bitten as they walk out ofmorning”. Why would we ever think to take a cat away

apartment doors. So we work with behavior issues asfrom a lady who says that? We would not.

they arise.
Here is Case Study 2. We had an 85 year old lady who
The pet care assistants visit three times a week andowned a 12 year old Shih Tzu called ‘Rags’. All of athey check on the supply of food, to be sure the animal

sudden Rags’ eyes turned red. The veterinarian took a

has food. They check the water bowl, they clean the cat

look and prescribed eye drops. But the lady herself wasboxes and they do what is needed, and will also carry in

not capable of giving eye drops to Rags. She cannot

the bags of dog food. These are heavy and hard to carrysee well enough to apply the drops and hold him at theso older people just need a little help. It is inhumanesame time. So our pet care assistant goes twice a day,to tell an older person that “you can’t take care ofgives him the drops and the problem has been resolved.

your pet, so get rid of it”. I mean that it is inhumane
to the person because it could cause their health toThen we have the ‘PAWSitive visits”. This is a weekly

seriously decline. And it is also inhumane to the animal

program where we take a variety of animals to

to take it away from its loving owner. We only need

TigerPlace for an hour long session. Older adults get

to provide a little help. The pet care assistants not

to interact with the animals. From the photos you can

only help the veterinarian, they will also walk the dog

see that we don’t just have small animals. These large

if the older person is having a bad day and doesn’

ones are Missouri Mules. They are mules developedt feel up to walking. They will walk the dogs and givein Missouri and unique to Missouri. These two shown

medications. In this top picture, the assistant is giving

here, Tim and Terry, are mascots of the Vet School.

eye drops. The older lady shown here is not able to see

Yes we have mule mascots too! We also had a horsewell enough to put the eye drops in their dog’s eye. So

come visit and an Alpaca [similar to a llama]. We have

twice a day the assistant is giving eye drops.

seen a pot-belly pig and a whole range of dogs andcats. When the animals visit, the attending students

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201293

prepare a tutorial about the particular animal and give

College of Veterinary Medicine, HILLS provides fooda little class. A lively discussion usually follows. Do you

so that we can sell it at a low cost to the residents.

know what older people do best? They talk about the

Look at the pure joy on this woman’s face. You canpast. If you believe in Erickson you know that there issee that TigerPlace has some wonderful outcomes fora developmental stage at each stage in life, and there

older adults in terms of their health. We are preventing

are certain tasks that a person has to work through at

nursing home placement and this has been very

each stage in life. The developmental task for older

successful. We are therefore saving a lot of money topeople is life review. They are trying to come to closure

the healthcare system in terms of the costs incurred byand to find acceptance of themselves and, in order topeople going into these very expensive nursing homes.

do that, they talk about the past. They tell the same oldThey stay in their apartment at TigerPlace without suchstory again, again and again. They think it through andterrible costs.

consider it and come to self-acceptance so that they are
ready to go to heaven. We want people to go to heaven

The nurse care coordination helps to find problems

feeling good. So during this PAWSitive class people

very early on so that they don’t become catastrophic.

start to talk about whatever animal they had. Many ofThat prevents healthcare dollars having to be spent on

the older men had their own horses or they had mules.

larger problems. Those are much more expensive toSome worked on the farm and many of the older ladies

address than meeting the smaller changes along thehad cats. They talk about the animals they had whenway.

they were children and they work through their life
task.

There are some other very exciting projects at
TigerPlace. I am not going to go into detail about themThis slide is about “Bereaved Pets Endowment”. We

because of the time I have but you will remember that I

have a very generous donor who feels very strongly

mentioned all of those other colleges at the university.

that, if a person dies before their pet, that pet should

One of the colleges involved in our project is thebe cared for. So she gave us money to start this fund.

School of Engineering. They are developing all kinds

By the way the photo shows Cleo the cat and elderlyof sensors and technology to help predict problems inlady I spoke about before. They were interviewed byolder people before they occur. So I am just going to

the USA Today newspaper. “It is very exciting”, she said,skim this topic… If a resident agrees to participate in“I have never been in a newspaper before”. Her family

the project some sensors are installed in various placesalso came along and they were all very excited about

within their apartment to monitor their walking andthe interview. Anyway, the idea of this endowment fundactivity. We know that activity patterns changes can be

is to have money to pay for care of a pet whose owner

an indicator of a healthcare problem or an impending

passes away. What we do is to provide foster care in-healthcare problem.

house. Another resident might say, “I will take careof Cleo when Mrs. X dies”. We then give that resident

So in this image you can see some sensors. There area little funding to help pay for the care of Cleo thelittle motion detectors in various places and there is acat. We have had two people die before their pet in

bed-located sensor that is a motion detector. Restless

TigerPlace. Another said “I want Hercules to be mysleep is a precursor to some very catastrophic healthdog”, which led to Hercules eventually being adopted

problems in older people, depression and also stroke orby another resident of TigerPlace who didn’t have a pet.

heart failure.

This is because all the residents know all the animals. It
is something positive that other residents want to adopt

So here is an example of an apartment. This is a one

a pet whose owner passes away.

bedroom apartment with the screened-in porch, a livingroom, dining area, little kitchen, and bathroom withThe HILLS Feeding Program is provided through the94

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

walk-in shower and closet. The sensors are indicatedby the blue lines and they are able to detect motion

situation in the elderly, even when sleeping. This person

patterns. The sensor data is compiled into graphs, as

had a reasonably normal rate for quite a while but

shown here, and from these we can understand changes

suddenly there was a slowing of the heart rate. Thisin an individual’s activity.

data shows normal activity, and during sleeping when
there is some restlessness. It is not too bad but then,Here is an example chart. The black data indicatessuddenly, their heart rate dips and they are not moving.

when someone has left their apartment to go outside.

But this person was able to get care immediately. There

The large white space shows night time with nothing

is now also a proposal pending with General Electric togoing on because the person is asleep. Then they startuse ‘passive sensing’. GE is developing a carpet productto get up, become busy, move around and then theycalled a ‘Smart Carpet’ that can measure stride length,

have gone out of their apartment. This example is awalking speed and the gait stability.

very active person, in and out of their apartment all thetime.

Here is another example of a bed sensor. This one goes
under the mattress and detects changes in restlessness

This is data for the sensor in the bathroom whichand sleep. There is a also another new project for

detects them going in and out. It shows the days of thedetecting falls and I will show you that briefly. This

month and you can see the days and hours when thesystem uses radar so there is small radar device inside

individual never went into the bathroom at all duringof this box. The radar measures people’s behavior

the night. However the right hand side data shows thempatterns within their apartment. In the photo you canbeginning to habitually visit the bathroom at night.

see that a computer is located above the refrigerators,

From this data we know in a timely fashion that thewell out of the way. This is the data it creates. The

person is starting to visit the bathroom and the systemradar senses the person’s walking patterns and produces

sends some alerts to the nursing staff about increased

a silhouette image with a map of their footsteps. We

restlessness in bed at night. This tells us that we ought

can tell their walking speed and step length which, if

to be paying attention.

they change, may suggest a problem is going to happen.

So in this case study the person started going into

It is very impressive don’t you think? The older adults

the bathroom more. There were two alerts so thethink it is very cool and are responsive to having all

nurses checked it out. The resident was referred tothese sensors around them. They like the idea and feela physician who found that the person had a urinary

safe knowing that someone is keeping a track of theirtrack infection. These can be very problematic for older

progress. They do not feel that it is a violation of theirpeople and must be treated right away otherwise it

privacy because all the information is kept confidential.

can become septic. Fortunately, this person was put on
antibiotics early and was fine.

Here are my conclusions about the pet projects. In
short, older adults love having their pets around them.

We also have NIH funding for the research at

The number one reason that people want to enter

TigerPlace. We found that there are statisticallyTigerPlace is because they know they can have theirsignificant differences between the control group andpet and receive help keeping it. Out in the community

the test group in measuring some of these parameters.

they would be on their own and eventually somebody

What we measuring is the left hand grip strength andwill tell them to get rid of their pet if they cannot takegait. Here, again, is an example of bed sensing data,care of it. That does not happen at TigerPlace wherein this case heart rate data. The bed sensor actuallythings are more humane.

measures heart rate and this shows the incidence ofBradycardia when the heart beats or pulses less than 30

So we want everybody at TigerPlace to age in place,beats per minute. That is potentially a very dangerous

both pets and people. Here is where you can find some

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 201295

more information and now I would be happy to takequestions.

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- 第二部 - 「CAPP 活動

総論」“General Overview Presentation about CAPP Activities”

公益社団法人 日本動物病院福祉協会 (JAHA) CAPP 委員長・戸塚 裕久

Hirohisa TOTSUKA, Chairperson,
CAPP Committee, Japanese Animal Hospital Association (JAHA)

For the second part of this workshop, we will be talking

carry out projects for public interest purposes in theabout the Companion Animal Partnership Program

following five fields: continuous education projects for(CAPP) Committee of the Japanese Animal Hospitalstrengthening animal hospitals and animal medical

Association (JAHA) and its activities with respect tocare, projects related to people gaining qualifications

interaction between people and animals.

for specialized work in animal hospitals and animal
medical care, projects for promoting community

We are asking Dr. Rebecca Johnson, who has just given

involvement by animal hospitals, projects for promoting

a talk, and Dr. Hiroko Shibanai, an overall advisor toanimal therapy CAPP visitation activities, and survey

this convention, to serve as workshop advisors.

research projects concerning animal therapy. Amongthese activities, today I would like to talk to you about

First of all, I would like to give you a general overview

the projects promoting animal therapy and about CAPP

of the CAPP’s activities.

volunteer activities.

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake struck, not a

Also, at this conference, these activities are broadly

single day has passed without us seeing or hearing thedivided into the following three categories, depending

word “kizuna” (meaning emotional “bonds” or ties”).

on their purpose.

At JAHA, we place great importance on human-animal
bonds. We started up the CAPP in 1986 as a means for

The first category is animal-assisted activity or AAA.

promoting interaction between people and animals with

As was explained at the animal welfare presentation

the overall aim of realizing a society in which people

carried out earlier at Tiger Place, this is a form ofand animals can coexist while enjoying better mutualcontact activity aimed mainly at fostering emotional

relationships.

stability, providing recreation and improving quality oflife. Many of the activities generally classed as “animal

As Dr. Rebecca Johnson said earlier, it is becoming welltherapy” are of this type.

understood that, when people spend time with pets
such as dogs, cats or birds, they feel a real sense of

The second category is animal-assisted therapy or AAT.

relief and they can relax both physically and mentally,

This is a form of adjunct therapy used in the context ofwhich helps to improve their health. This is due to

medical practice that brings animals into professional

the reciprocal interaction that stems from the bonds

therapy and with medical staff playing a leading role.

between people and animals.

The objectives of the therapy are set out and suitableanimals and volunteers are selected in order to improve

108

Founded in 1978, JAHA began implementing thethe psychological, physical and social functions of the

CAPP as a program fostering interaction between

people receiving the therapy in accordance with theirpeople and animals in 1986. In 2009, JAHA became

needs. Also, the effectiveness of the therapy is judged

a public interest incorporated association able toafter it is completed.

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

The third and final category is animal-assisted education

examination, we evaluate the owners’ and the animals’

or AAE. In this activity, educators accompanied by

aptitude for the activities and also check whether or

animals visit elementary schools to give children an

not they have the necessary knowledge to serve as APP

opportunity to learn how to communicate with animals

volunteers or to lead a volunteer team. When an owner

and about the importance of life. The number of schools

passes both the practical examination and the written

incorporating AAE into their living studies or integrated

examination, they obtain a qualification allowing themstudy programs is gradually increasing.

to become active as a CAPP-accredited partner together
with their animal. This figure shows the number of

By taking part in CAPP activities, animals can learn

CAPP-accredited partners at present.

how to live happily as family members in theirrespective households. In addition, they can engage in

In addition to that, JAHA is providing wide-ranging

activities together with their owners. It is important

support to raise the level of its volunteer teams andthat animals have an aptitude for liking people andmaintain the motivation of the participating volunteers.

for enjoying communication with people other than

We are also involved in many other kinds of activity suchtheir owners, and also for them to be able to enjoy theas producing and delivering a CAPP activity manual andactivities without feeling stress, even in an unfamiliar

DVD, hosting an annual conference, producing activity

environment. Activity periods are designed so that theyreports, giving research talks at the WJVF (West Japanare kept within one hour. Also, we take care not to

Veterinary Forum), holding education seminars on anplace too much of a burden on the animals by keeping

on-going basis, and managing training workshops foran eye on their behavior and providing breaks as

teamwork building.

needed during the activities.
The volunteer teams are not only carrying out “contact”
For the animals taking part in these activities, daily

activities in facilities. They are also involved in PR

care and management is important. So, apart from

activities to make their work better known to society

ensuring hygiene through such things as parasite

in general. For example, through participation inprevention, appropriate feeding management, brushing

local animal welfare festivals and national health andand shampooing, etc., consideration must be paid towelfare festivals. These activities also help to keep thethe animals’ health by obliging their owners to present

volunteers themselves motivated.

medical examination reports once a year in general andtwice a year in the case of animals that work in medical

Lastly, CAPP activities stress the importance offacilities.

the bonds between people and animals, so they
are designed with the health and welfare of theOver the first 26 years of the program up until

participating animals in mind. They are designed to

December 2011, a total of 13,187 activity sessions

be enjoyable activities that do not cause the animals

were held. The numbers of activity sessions held at

any undue distress or strain. Also, by strengthening

each facility were as shown in the chart. During thisthe relationship of trust between the animals and theirtime, the total number of participating people including

owners through these activities, it is possible to build

volunteers and veterinarians was 127,008 and thean even stronger bond of affection between the two.

total number of participating animals was 102,214.

So I hope everybody here will consider participating in

So large numbers of both volunteers and animals have

Companion Animal Partnership Program activities. Thisparticipated in this program.

will help promote more interaction between people andanimals.

JAHA has established an accreditation standard toserve as a goal for the many volunteers and animals

That completes my talk.

that take part in CAPP activities. In the accreditation

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- 第二部 - 「動物介在活動（AAA）に関する発表」“Presentation on AAA (Animal Assisted Activity)”
種稲 憲太郎氏（特別養護老人ホーム きしろ荘 施設長）

Kentaro TANEINE, Director, Special Elderly Nursing Home ‘Kishiro-so’

Hello everybody. My name is Kentaro Taneine and I

they thought bringing dogs into facilities for the elderly

am the Director of the Special Elderly Nursing Home

was a bad practice from the standpoint of hygiene. In

Kishiro-so, which is located in Kobe City’s Nada Ward.

view of this opposition, Dr. Murata selected Kishiro-so
as she thought it would be easier to get permission to

Today I would like to talk to you on the theme ofenter a facility that had a female director.

animal-assisted activities in special elderly nursing
homes.

At the time, the director of Kishiro-so happened to
be a woman, and she loved animals so much that she

To accompany today’s talk, I have prepared someused to bring her own Chin (Japanese Spaniel) dog

photographs that show how these activities take placecalled Yuinosuke with her to work every day. Also,

inside the nursing home facilities. These photos don’there were other staff members working at the facility

t match the details of the talk, but please take a look at

who had a tolerant view of animals. For example, onethem while you are listening.

person central to running Kishiro-so also kept a dog
that had been injured in an accident at the facility. So

First, I will explain about the Kishiro-so facility.

I understand that animal-assisted activities started at
Kishiro-so without any major problems.

These days, there are many kinds of facility that oursenior citizens can enter. Kishiro-so is what is known

At the time when these activities were starting at

as a ‘special elderly nursing home’. It is a live-in facility

Kishiro-so I was not yet working there. However I havefor people with dementia, those who are bedridden,

retained the impressions I had of the facility activities

and those who are in need of other kinds of support

when I did start working there. So next I would like toin order to live their daily lives. At present, there are

introduce two of the things related to the activities that

50 residents living at this home. Kishiro-so began

I remember from that time.

operating on May 21, 1979 so this year is the 33rd
year since its foundation.

Unfortunately I do not have a photograph of her but
first I would like to tell you about a woman who I will

Next, I will explain about the animal-assisted activities

refer to as H-san. This woman had no children and no

carried out at Kishiro-so. Here, we refer to the animal-

contact with her relatives. My memory of her may beassisted activities as animal visits. The animals’ visiting

unclear in some respects, but when one of the female

day is the third Wednesday of every month. These

dogs who came on the animal visits had some puppies,

animal visits began in July 1992 so the activities have

I remember that H-san named one of the puppies Peko-

been continuing for 20 years now. The photographchan. When Peko-chan also began taking part in thehere shows a scene of these activities. Dr. Kaori Murata,

activities, H-san began to look forward to the monthly

a veterinarian who works at the Mominoki Animal

visits of the dog she herself had named.

Clinic in Kobe’s Nada Ward, the same ward as Kishiroso, has played a central role in progress of the animal

Regarding terminal care at Kishiro-so, our policy is tovisits. About 20 years ago, Dr. Murata began thesetake care of our residents until the end of their lives

activities by bringing along a single dog with her. At

in as natural a way as possible provided that this isthat time, a lot of people were against the idea because

in keeping with the wishes of the residents and their

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012113

families. H-san was old and in poor health, and she had

animals, she joined AAA and a dog would come up andno family, so it was decided that Kishiro-so would takesit on her bed. Usually, as her joints were stiff, when we

care of her until the end of her life.

gave her support with going to the toilet or changing
her clothes, we had a hard time. But if we took a little

When residents reach the stage of having a terminal

dog in and let it up onto her bed, after a short while her

condition we take care of them until their final day

body would relax and she could bend her outstretchedwhile giving them the opportunity of eating theirarms a little more than usual. Of course, when wefavorite foods, listening to their favorite music,

provided toilet and dressing support, we would call todecorating their room with their favorite flowers,

her and slowly move her body, but it was still difficult

etc. In the case of this resident, one of the things sheto do. So I think that, all in all, the dog had the power

most liked was meeting her favorite animal, Peko-

to ease N-san’s tension. It is for this reason that N-san’schan. When H-san’s condition became serious, Peko-case stands out in my memory.

chan and the owner visited her frequently beyond theirusual monthly visiting day. I remember that Peko-chan

I believe that conducting these animal-assisted activities

and owner attended H-san’s funeral as well. For H-san,is producing a variety of beneficial effects at many

who had no family or relatives, I think the presence ofkinds of facilities. One thing, as was mentioned earlier,Peko-chan, who made visits especially to see her, mustis that people have to come and live in these facilities

have been extremely meaningful. This is why this story

for various reasons, and in so-doing they often have tostands out in my memory.

part with animals they were keeping. Of course, whenfacing this move, some people often say that that if they

Another resident I would like to talk to you about

can’t take the animal with them they will refuse to go

is a woman I will call N-san. She was afflicted with

into the facility. So, for this reason, some residents haveprogressive supranuclear palsy, which is a difficult

been permitted to join the facility together with the dog

medical term referring to a form of chronic paralysis.

or cat they had been keeping at home. It was not that

Among the characteristic symptoms of this illness are

Kishiro-so officially announced a policy that residents

a narrowing field of vision and stiffening of the joints

could keep their own pets; it was just that things

so that the sufferer eventually becomes unable toturned out that way. But even so, I think it was because

move. Also, in the later stages, the swallowing function

Kishiro-so accepted animal-assisted activities that such

becomes weaker and the sufferer becomes unable toa thing became possible.

talk. However, people with this illness do retain clear
awareness up until the end. N-san was particularly

Later, in the course of accommodating these residents,

fond of animals so she took part in the animal visit

our staff also began to develop an interest in animal-

sessions every month. When she was first admitted toassisted activities. Study meetings were held at the

Kishiro-so, she was still able to move her body to somefacility on this theme with Dr. Murata providing

extent. When a dog came up to her, she tried her best
to move her rigid body and stretch out her hand toward
the dog, and this was very impressive to witness. But
she was suffering from a progressive disease, andgradually she found it harder and harder to move, andtoward the end she was bedridden.
In the course of animal-assisted activities a dog ownervisited N-san even though she was bedridden. Since
N-san had to stay in bed the whole day, she couldn’t take part in the club activities. But because she liked

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instruction. This was the catalyst for a dog being kept

has been growing steadily more severe. This has also

at the facility. This is a photo of that dog, a male Shihbeen true at Kishiro-so - the number of residents with

Tzu called Chaashuu. Chaashuu had been a regularmore severe conditions is increasing. So while in theparticipant in the animal visits for a long time and waspast there were many residents who looked forward to

used to being with people. When time allowed, I took

the monthly animal visits, or who waited expectantly for

him around the residents’ dining room and also into

the chance to meet their favorite animal, in recent years

some of the residents’ own rooms, and many of theit has become more difficult for many residents to do

residents looked forward to this contact with Chaashuu.

even this. However, even though people with dementia

However, it seemed that Chaashuu himself enjoyedhave poorly functioning memories, their sensibilities do

being given presents more than anything, and he liked

remain steady. So they are able to clearly understandmeeting the young female volunteers more than hewhat is happening in a given situation. Accordingly, we

enjoyed contact with the residents.

are changing our AAA practices to focus on this aspect.

Actually Chaashuu died in September last year and, as

Kishiro-so has a policy of taking appropriate care of

he was so well loved by everybody including facility

our residents while placing importance on the life

staff, residents, visiting tradespeople and other visitors,

they have led previous to their arrival. So when a new

there was a continuing atmosphere of sadness for many

resident comes to live at Kishiro-so, we ask them anddays afterwards. About a month after he died, a relative

their family members to tell us as much as they canof one of the residents who was concerned about what

about their life history. Since the facility is carrying

we would do now that Chaashuu was gone, introducedout these animal visit activities, among the questions

us to a homeless dog that the police had taken into

we ask are whether the resident has kept any animals

their care. This was a pug named Kuro, and we began

and whether they like animals or not. If the resident

keeping Kuro at our facility from October of last year.

likes animals, we encourage them to take part in the

We don’t know where this dog originally came from.

animal visit activities every month. These visits are only

Possibly he was abandoned. But he had no name, so weonce a month and the length of the visits is also short.

chose the name Kuro which we thought would be easy

So recently many of the residents taking part tend tofor the residents to remember.

forget even those animals they met during previous
visits. But even so, thanks to the stimulation theyAt the beginning Kuro was a quiet dog that did not barkreceive from the animals, the residents can rememberor yelp. However recently he has stared to become

the good old days and talk about them, even if only

excited and yelp loudly whenever visitors come. So now

for a short time. Also, they can communicate with the

we are consulting with Dr. Murata on what to do aboutanimals in a calm atmosphere. Accordingly, we want tothis in future. But since Kuro has already started living

continue with these animal visit activities while placingwith us in Kishiro-so I hope he will be able to visit theemphasis on these positive points.

residents and give them some comfort and peace ofmind in the same way as Chaashuu did.

Lastly, I would like to say thank you to the people whobring their animals along to visit these facilities. There

Now I would like to talk about the animal-assisted

are two things that really impress me when I see them

activities themselves.

at work. One concerns the animals. When they visit
the facility, these animals interact with the residents

In the past, special elderly nursing homes in general

in a very calm manner despite the fact that many ofaccommodated many lively residents as well as many

the residents find it difficult to communicate using

who, although they may have used a wheelchair, werewords due to the progression of their dementia, etc.

clearheaded and not suffering from dementia. But overMy feeling is that this is because the animals receive

the last five years, the general condition of residents

plenty of affection from their owners everyday, and2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012115

also because even though they can’t speak they are
emotionally accessible to the residents.
Another thing is that the owners of the animals arealso very adept when addressing the residents andin making contact with them. In nursing care work,communication is very important but it is easy to
become carelessly entrenched in words alone anddevote all our efforts toward understanding theresidents verbally. But in nursing care work it is also
very important to grasp the feelings of each resident
that they cannot put into words. The people who
visit the facility with their animals are experienced incommunicating non-verbally with these animals ona daily basis, and they engage in this communication
by making use of their feelings and sensitivity. For
this reason, these owners are very adept at involving
the residents in the activities, and I find that quite
impressive.
Since many of the residents who receive the animal
visits are now in a severe condition, the amount of timethey can spend in contact with the animals is quite
short. But even so, this time for remembering the goodold days and enjoying contact with animals is very
precious. My staff and I are very thankful that we too
can share these precious moments with the animals,
the animals’ owners and the residents. Thank you verymuch for listening.

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- 第二部 - 「動物介在療法（AAT）に関する発表」“Presentation on AAT (Animal Assisted Therapy)”
福田 美穂氏（社会福祉法人 信愛報恩会 信愛病院）

Miho FUKUDA, Shinai Hospital, Social Welfare Corporation Shin-ai Hoon Kai

Hello everybody. My name is Miho Fukuda and I work

medical therapist provide information about theas an occupational therapist at Shinai Hospital.

patients who will be coming to the session, the handlers
explain what the activity dogs can and cannot do, andLocated in Kiyose City in Tokyo Prefecture, Shinai

then the medical therapist decides which of the activity

Hospital is a 199-bed hospital with general wards,

dogs will be suitable for each individual program.

recovery rehabilitation wards, palliative care wards andsanatorium-style wards that include specialist dementia

Next, before moving onto the individual programs,

care wards. With the cooperation of the Japan Animal

the dogs and the patients enjoy some time interacting

Hospital Association, animal-assisted activities (AAA)

together. Two or three programs are then conductedstarted up at the hospital in 1997, and animal-assistedwith each patient. After the programs are completed,therapy (AAT) was introduced in 2000.

the dogs and the patients share another short period
of interaction time and then the patients return to

AAT is a form of adjuvant therapy involving the use

their own wards. Finally, the staff members hold anof animals as intermediaries that is carried out asevaluation meeting in which they exchange opinions

a specialized treatment procedure in the context

about the day’s sessions.

of human medical treatment. Led by medical staff,
the treatment consists of setting out one or more

Let me explain the flow of the AAT for the patients fromtherapeutic goals tailored to the needs of individual

start to finish.

patients, such as improved psychological, physiologicalor social functioning, selecting appropriate animals,

First of all, a rehabilitation staff meeting is held tovolunteers and handlers, and also evaluating theconsider which patients we would like to introduce totherapeutic effects.

AAT, to judge whether each of these patients is suitable
for the therapy or not, and to draw up a program

At this hospital, AAT sessions take place three times

plan. Then, in consultation with the patient’s primaryeach month on the first, third and fourth Tuesdays,

physician and the chief nurse of the ward, we makerunning for one hour from 3:30 pm. The sessions

sure that the plan is suitable for the patient concerned.

take place in the occupational therapy rooms andAfter that, the patient observes an AAT session. Lastly,

are carried out by a staff team that includes three

we obtain a consent form signed by the patient and/or

occupational therapists, one medical therapist, twoa family member agreeing to the patient’s participation

handlers and two activity dogs from the Japan Animalin the therapy and to video recordings of the sessions,

Hospital Association. Usually two or three patientsand then the AAT itself can begin.

participate in each session. In principle, the therapy isoffered to patients who are fond of animals, those who

In principle, individual AAT programs are carried out

have experienced keeping animals at home, and thoseover a six-month period. A video recording is made of

who the medical staff judge are likely to improve their

the first session and the last session at the end of the

motivation as a result of being in contact with animals.

six-month period. Evaluations of physical function andmovement ability are also carried out at these times.

The AAT day begins with a staff meeting to discuss

During the AAT period, the patient’s condition during

the day’s programs. The occupational therapists andeach session and the result of the program are also

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012117

recorded. In the case of patients whose conditions weAfter that, the same patient strokes the dog in a

expect to continue to improve, AAT may be continued

standing position. The patient puts their weight on theirfor longer than six months.

paralyzed right leg and strokes the dog with their righthand. This exercise combines balanced standing with

From the introduction of AAT in July 2000 up to themoving and controlling the right hand as an approachpresent time, a total of 37 patients—13 male and 24

to dealing with the sensory paralysis of the right hand.

female—have participated in the program. The majorityof these patients have been in their eighties and their

Next comes walking using a walking aid. The patient

most common major medical condition has beenwalks together with a member of the rehabilitation

cerebrovascular disease, also known as stroke.

staff. The handler controls the dog by adjusting its
lead and walking diagonally a little way in front of the

Now I would like to give you a partial introduction topatient. In this way, the patient can enjoy walking while

the AAT program that we carry out at our hospital.

calling to the dog.

First, let’s look at ball throwing. This patient has

This next pract ice is walking the dog using alight movement paralysis on the right side of thewheelchair. Due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, thisbody caused by a cerebral infarction. The patient haspatient has paralysis along the left side of the bodydifficulty maintaining their balance while standing so

in addition to an attention deficiency on the left side

they are standing using a walking aid. As they continue

due to a higher cerebral dysfunction that was an after-to throw the ball (by taking one hand off the walking

effect of the hemorrhage. The patient moves their ownaid) they are simultaneously practicing maintaining

wheelchair while paying careful attention not to hit thetheir balance and using their right hand. Also, by seeing

dog that is walking slightly in front on the patient’s left

the dog fetch the ball happily, the patient is motivatedside.

to throw the ball repeatedly many times.
Now, let me introduce you to this patient’s case.
The next practice I’d like to show you is scarf tying.
This is the same patient we saw in the previous photo.

The patient is a 40-year-old woman who I will call

The intention behind scarf tying is to practice making

A-san. Three years earlier she had experienced adelicate movements of the right hand and to promote

subarachnoid hemorrhage. Among the aftereffects

the simultaneous use of both hands. The patient can

she was left with motor paralysis on the left side

exercise their own initiative and the practice can alsoof her body, sensory paralysis and higher cerebral

become a cue toward increasing communication with

dysfunction. Please refer to the slides for information

other people. For instance, the patient can chooseon the course of the disease and the rehabilitationa scarf that suits the dog, which invites positive

objectives. Since this patient loves animals, we expected

comments from surrounding people who tell the patient

AAT to have a greater than usual rehabilitation effectthat the dog looks cute wearing that particular scarf.

on her. She had been participating in AAT for two
years prior to this time point. The AAT targets were118

In this next practice, the dog jumps through a hula-based on the rehabilitation targets, which included

hoop. This patient also has moderate paralysis on theseated posture improvement, right hand and feetright side of the body due to a stroke. The patient keeps

muscle strengthening, and higher cerebral dysfunction

hold of the hula-hoop in a fixed position and fixed angle

improvement. In the AAT program, our planned

using their paralyzed right hand so that it is easier for

approach called for stroking a dog in a seated position,

the dog to jump. This practice is used as a means ofball throwing, wheelchair walking, and tackling therehabilitating the right hand.

patient’s memory impairment.

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

This was a therapeutic process. The photograph on

given movement is performed or in the duration of thethe left shows the patient stroking the dog in a seatedexercise. For this reason, AAT is considered useful as an

position at the time when the AAT program began. The

adjuvant therapy for rehabilitation. For information on

patient was afraid to lean her upper body forward or

reference books on this subject, please look at the slide.

to the left side because it was easy for her to fall overdue to the movement and sensory paralysis on the

Let me close by saying that I obtained prior agreement

left side of her body, so the range of her right-handfrom the patients concerned to show the pictures usedreach was limited. The photograph on the right showsin this presentation. Thank you very much for listening.

her appearance two years later. In this photograph,
her fear of reaching the right hand forward is lesspronounced and she can stroke the dog while keeping
herself balanced. We can’t see much improvement in
the sensory paralysis of the left hand and foot, but her
ability to balance her right hand and foot has improved.
With the improvement in her seated postural balance,
the patient has become able to keep stroking the dog
without falling down even when seated in a place
without back support.
In addition, there has been an improvement in her
endurance. She is able to move the wheelchair a greater
distance by herself and at present she can move aroundalmost anywhere inside the ward by herself. She
takes part in rehabilitation sessions five or six times
each week apart from AAT, so we can’t judge that her
improvement is due to AAT alone, but certainly AAT,
which she undertakes three times a week, has madea contribution to her improvement as an adjuvant
therapy.
In summary, in AAT, an occupational therapist or aphysiotherapist chooses an animal that best meets theobjectives of the individual patient, plans a programthat includes the movements they wish the patient topractice intentionally, and then carries out the program.
Also, a handler controls the dog in accordance withthe program while paying attention to the behavior ofthe dog. Meanwhile, the patient relaxes in a pleasantatmosphere while interacting with the dog, and isconsequently more able to move in order to engage
with the animal on their own initiative. The patient’s
movements as a result of this process are more naturalthan would be the case if they were not interacting withthe animal, and this also motivates the patient to move
more as witnessed by increases in number of times a

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012

119

120

【Slide 1】【Slide 5】【Slide 2】【Slide 6】【Slide 3】【Slide 7】【Slide 4】【Slide 8】

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

【Slide 9】【Slide 13】【Slide 10】【Slide 14】【Slide 11】【Slide 15】【Slide 12】【Slide 16】

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012121

【Slide 17】【Slide 18】【Slide 19】

122

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

- 第二部 - 「動物介在教育（AAE）に関する発表」“Presentation on AAE (Animal Assisted Education)”
柴内 裕子氏（公益社団法人 日本動物病院福祉協会 顧問）

Hiroko SHIBANAI, Consultant, JAHA (Japanese Animal Hospital Association)

We have heard talks on AAA and AAT so now let’s talkbe to create a mutually happy planet with both medical

about AAE.

sides understanding that animals are useful and helpful

I have been fortunate to have been busy with AAE

to human health and also welfare. Today we do have(Animal Assisted Education) mainly focused on

Yokoyama-sensei here with us but, up until today, there

elementary schools. Thanks to the wonderful volunteers

have been few people from the human medical side

and wonderful animals, this JAHA activity has not hadgetting involved. But now, with Rebecca as IAHAIO

any accidents to date.

chairperson and a conference being held next year in
Chicago, I think it is a great chance for many people

AAE is programmed into the school curriculum infrom Japan to participate and support Rebecca whomost schools now, but schools are busy, and generally

has come all the way for us today. So please consider

speaking when a new program or a new event isparticipating.

introduced to school, teachers do not like it. It is evenworse to have animals involved. They worry that an

Those comments are a little away from my topic today.

incident is bound to happen and, in this day and age,

The need to have animals as part of education was

dealing with so-called ‘monster parents’ is not an easy

clearly stated at the IAHAIO conference in Rio, parttask for teachers. So it was extremely difficult to makeof the Rio Statement. To make sure that it is safe andthe first step. However, since the time when the firsthygienic for children, the statement clearly says that

school made the brave decision to accept us, many

the animals used must have experienced the love ofyears have passed.

their parent(s). That they knew their parent(s) meansthat there is a responsibility on the animals. If that

In many cases when a school principal wishes to giveis the case, we may worry whether or not our schoola presentation about our activities at their principals

animals had the experience of being parented. It ismeeting, they ask us to visit their school. Or, if a

difficult to expand on this issue now so I shall save it

teacher moves from a school which has the program tofor another time. But I do trust that if the owners takeanother school, he or she may ask us to come to thatalong truly healthy animals that love children then AAE

new school. This is how the program spreads.

objectives can be met.

T h i s i m a g e s h o w s , I b e l i e ve , D a i - h a c h i ( N o . 8 )Today I only have one more slide to show you and thenElementary School in Nerima-ku. In many cases, theI will show you a video taken at an elementary school.

AAE activities are held in the gymnasium on the left.
Totsuka-sensei, who has already talked about JAHA,
is now chairperson of CAPP. What is more, related toeducation in schools as assisted by animals, Rebecca is
now chair of IAHAIO. I think it is truly wonderful that
the IAHAIO chairperson is a specialist from the ‘Humanside’. The issue of the human-animal relationshipis ultimately how we should treasure animals if wehumans are truly to proceed peacefully. Our aim should

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012123

On the right of the slide is the AAE. Recently the termsome fathers have very little opportunity to spend“Animal Therapy” has become established in Japan astime with their children some of them formed a groupan easy and comfortable word to use. In fact the term

and they organize fun-time events on Saturdays andwas around 26 years ago when JAHA started CAPP

Sundays. For one of the events they invited us toactivities but now the media is using “Animal Therapy”

provide AAE. So with their permission, I can show you

because it is easy to understand. However, it is not an

this video. It is already some years ago so some parts

internationally accepted term. Animal Therapy also

may look dated but let’s see.

refers to treatment given to animals as well. There
are three distinctions being used at activity sites.

Also in the case of elementary schools, when we

Even today there are three, and AAE (Animal Assisted

are asked to attend at the headmasters’ meeting,

Education) is the third one. Before that we had theour person responsible at the association or a team

Kishiro-so Home’s ‘AAA’ (Animal Assisted Activity) andmember visits the school to exchange an agreement

before that AAT (Animal Assisted Therapy). So today(memorandum). It is normal before any activity for the

I am talking about AAE under which accidents are

persons responsible on both sides to exchange such anever allowed to happen. To ensure that we must makememorandum. But we use it to make sure of several

appropriate preparations and, from the start, our CAPP

issues such as how to handle things in the event of an

has always put extreme importance on emergency

accident. Furthermore, before a program we conduct

management to prevent accidents.

a survey with questionnaires to find out the ages andnumbers of the pupils, about their local environment,

People think ‘Oh, my darling animal is always goodand what kinds of animal they are living with and so on.

so I am sure I can take him (or her) to the elementary

We tailor the program based on what we learn from theschool or kindergarten and let the children touch him.’survey. We also ask to conduct it once more time about

But if some kind of accident happens it will becomea month after the program to see the effects and findsomething really serious. Therefore it is essential toout if there were any problems.

have good risk controls in place to carry out activities.
In any case, the cooperation of the teachers is so124

I am going to show you an AAT case study today, but

important. Excuse my rather inappropriate use of words

taking pictures or filming at elementary schools is not

but the schools do not like bothersome tasks. But they

really allowed which is very disappointing. While I

let us go into their schools because our activities aream sure that some private schools will allow us if we

believed to be reliable. But even then if we make a lot

explain our needs well enough, at present, to even takeof preparations it will still be a burden to the teachers.

a single picture we have to inform them how we will

I think the way to approach a request is as follows - if

use the photo and obtain permission from the students’

we do all the preparations, if we do all the cleaning andfamilies and teachers. Even then the photo cannot

take away everything and only borrow the time of thebe used for any other purposes. This is the current

students and the teachers then, if the teachers feel it

situation in Japan.

was not too much hard work, they will ask us again.

One day when I visited a junior high school, there were

At one elementary school we went to, the teacher ofsome wonderful pictures exhibited along the corridor.

the first grade class did not turn up on the parents

When our accompanying photographer tried to takeopen day. There were three hyperactive children ina photograph of them, we were stopped because

the class that he (or she) could not control so he opted

names were attached to the pictures. It is really strict

not to turn up at all (or maybe he could not face it). It

and difficult. However, the video I am going to show

was difficult enough just to try and make the students

today was taken by the Fathers’ Group at Akatsuka

sit down let alone try to teach them mathematics or a

Elementary School in Itabashi-ku in Tokyo. Because

language. So, because he could not handle his chaotic

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

class the teacher had given up coming to school. The
open day came and we were called. We had been to theschool a few times, so we knew there were there some
hyperactive children running around out of control.
But during our activity time, they did not stand out
at all, and everything ended peacefully. Afterwards
the headmaster came and asked us if we could comeevery day ! This is just one example of the effect wehave. But, as Samuel Ross of Greenchimneys in his
presentation says, animals are an important existence
for hyperactive children. I do not wish to exaggerateby making sweeping statements but I do think animals
have a special attraction for children and can play a bigrole in stabilizing their emotions.
So let’s watch the video now….
Children copy things easily, whether good or bad.
Nowadays I am pleased to hear that when an ownertakes his or her dog for a walk, a child may come up
and ask if they can touch the animal. Then they gently
extend their arm with a non-threatening closed hand. I
have recently experienced this myself at my local bank.
I had my dog in a carrier and a lady asked if she could
touch him. She extended her closed hand. I thought thiswas so good and that we really must spread more ofsuch good things.
Only about a couple of days ago, we visited a school.
There were supposed to be 23 first grade students
present but, due to influenza, 5 children were off school.
It was very cold. One of the things we must consider
is that this kind of activity in winter is very cold. A
school gym has no heating and, while the children are
relatively fine, for we volunteers it can be very tough.

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012125

命に対する「責任」と捉え…
Our theme and mascot team ask us to consider
our ‘responsibilities’ for the lives of others

責任（クレアナ）kule.ana (Responsibility)

126

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012