Proceedings of the Thirty-second (2022) International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference
Shanghai, China, June 5–10, 2022
Copyright © 2022 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)
ISBN 978-1-880653-81-4; ISSN 1098-6189

www.isope.org

Oil spill simulation based on an enhanced multi-phase Consistent Particle Method
Xiujia Su1, Min Luo1, Abbas Khayyer2 & Xizeng Zhao1
1Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China

2Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japansolving fluid pressure, particle methods can be grouped into the weaklycompressible particle methods (e.g., Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH) (Vacondio et al. 2021) and Finite Particle Method (Zhang et al.
2020)) and the projection-based methods (e.g., Moving Particle Semiimplicit (MPS) (Khayyer et al. 2019), Incompressible SPH (Zheng et al.
2017) and Consistent Particle Method (CPM) (Koh et al. 2012, Luo et al.
2019).

ABSTRACT
Accidental oil spill is one of the most critical disasters in coastal areasand can cause serious damages to the ecosystem and the economy. Theoil spill diffusion is a complex process involving the highly-nonlinear
interaction of two fluids with very different properties. In this study, theConsistent Particle Method (CPM) is enhanced by incorporating thecontinuum surface force (CSF) model and applied to simulate the oil spillprocess. Firstly, the advantage of CPM in computing the curvature of aninterface, which is key in simulating the interfacial tension force, isdemonstrated by a circular ring case. Secondly, the capability of the CPM
model in capturing the interfacial tension force is validated by a twodimensional droplet deformation. Finally, the benchmark example of oil
slick spreading from the top corner of a reservoir is simulated by theenhanced CPM model. The influence of adding the surface tension modelin the simulation is examined. The morphological and kinematic
properties of the oil spill process are discussed.

Both categories of methods have been applied for oil spill problems. By
using weakly-compressible SPH, Violeau et al. (2007) investigated theleakage mechanism of heavy, light and emulsion oils with a floatingboom in an open-channel and a wave flume, respectively. The sameproblem was simulated by Yang et al. (2013), in which the influencing
factors of oil type, moving velocity, skirt angle of the boom and water
wave on oil leakage from containment booms were investigated. Shi etal. (2018) developed an SPH model by incorporating a Large-eddysimulation (LES) turbulence model and the interfacial surface tension forsimulating oil spill problems. The accuracy of the SPH model wasvalidated by the experimental cases of Duan et al. (2017). Based on amulti-phase SPH model, Shi et al. (2018) studied the oil spill containedby a flexible floating boom. The evolution of oil slick and the associatedvorticity distributions under current-only and combined wave-current
conditions were examined.

KEY WORDS: Oil spill; Surface tension; Particle methods; Multi-fluidflow.
INTRODUCTION
The accidental oil spill is concerned in coastal management and ocean
protection because such an event, once happened, can cause serious
water pollution, ecosystem damage and economic loss. To harness oilspill and hence minimize its damaging effects, a reliable prediction of
the speed and extent of oil spill is of great significance. As thedevelopment of computer hardware and numerical algorithms, thenumerical modelling has become a promising tool in predicting the oilspill feature, yet, some challenges still exist due to the density/viscosity
discontinuities and the large deformations of the water-oil interface.

For projection-based particle methods, Jeong et al. (2013) predicted theoil height in a damaged tank with holes on the side or bottom wall andcompared the results with theoretical solutions. Duan et al. (2017)
extended their multiphase MPS method for oil spill in initial spreadingof thick oil slicks and continuous oil spills from a damaged tank. Its
performance was quantitatively and qualitatively validated with respect
to a set of experimental results. Shimizu et al. (2020) presented anenhanced multi-phase ISPH method for simulating oil spill. A SubParticle-Scale (SPS) turbulence model and a surface tension model wereconsidered to capture more realistic physics. Recently, Vieira-e-Silva etal. (2021) conducted a simulation of oil-leaking from a damaged tank byusing a GPU-accelerated MPS model.

In the last two decades, the so-called particle methods have been getting
significant developments and have been demonstrated to handle the large
deformation of fluid interface naturally well (Ye et al. 2019, Gotoh et al.
2021, Luo et al. 2021, Vacondio et al. 2021). Based on the strategy of1960