Role of REDD+ for Nationally Determined
Contributions and ways to incorporate into theNational Inventory Report
Dr Sandro Federici
REDD+ Start-up Year 2020
Roadmap to Result-based and Transferable Outcomes for Sustainable Development (International Seminar)“organized by Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) of Japan – Tokyo 20-21 January 2020

REDD+ in the Paris Agreement• Article 5: Conserve
 Enhance Sinks (i.e. net CO2 uptake by growing forests)
 Reservoirs (i.e. C pools stocks)

REDD+ in the Paris Agreement
Within a mitigation contribution this means that sinks and reservoirs
should be used for:• Reducing GHG emissions into the atmosphere by: Halting deforestation
 Halting disturbances Reducing harvest losses Extending lifetime of HWP

REDD+ in the Paris Agreement
Within a mitigation contribution this means that sinks and reservoirs
should be used for:• Removing GHG from the atmosphere by: Halting deforestation
 Increasing forest net productivity by Halting disturbances Avoid overexploitation (i.e. across each year C stocks gains exceed losses)
 Extending tree coverWhat the atmosphere sees from REDD+ (alternative to BAU)
• Halting deforestation:
An avoided source (smaller C stocks decrease in a non-forest land NGHGI category)An additional sink (larger C stocks increase in Forest land NGHGI category)• Halting disturbances:An avoided source (lower GHG emissions in Forest land NGHGI category)An additional sink if stand-replacing disturbances are halted (larger C stocks increase in Forest
land NGHGI category)• Reducing harvesting losses/Avoiding overexploitation:
An avoided source (smaller C stocks decrease in Forest land NGHGI category)An additional sink if harvest losses were larger than net-increment (larger C stocks increase inForest land NGHGI category)What the atmosphere sees from REDD+ (alternative to BAU)
• Extending lifetime of HWP
An avoided source (smaller C stocks decrease in HWP NGHGI category)• Halting disturbances:An avoided source (lower GHG emissions in Forest land NGHGI category)An additional sink if stand-replacing disturbances are halted (larger C stocks increase in Forest
land NGHGI category)• Reducing harvesting losses:
An avoided source (smaller C stocks decrease in Forest land NGHGI category)An additional sink if harvest losses were larger than net-increment (larger C stocks increase inForest land NGHGI category)GHG fluxes reported in the NIR NGHGI• Accordingly to what the atmosphere “sees”, NGHGI reports time seriesof GHG emissions and removals estimated following the IPCC goodpractice and IPCC NGHGI categories.
• REDD+ activities will impact (all C pools including HWP) the following
NGHGI categories:• Forest land [FL-FL, L-FL]• Forest land converted to any other land use category [FL-CL, FL-GL, FL-WL, FL-SL, FL-OL]• Biomass burning, N2O emissions from managed land

• Within the NGHGI• The mere presence of C stocks won’t be quantified, unless it determines a trend
across the historical time series [i.e. decreasing emissions]• A unit of CO2 removal always offset a unit of CO2eq emission [i.e. full fungibility
and full equivalence]

REDD+ in NDCs
• REDD+ has been included in 55 of 197 NDCs submitted by April 2018:• 98% of African countries• 81% of Asian countries• 66% of American countries
Source “Transforming REDD+: Lessons and new directions” Angelssen et al 2018

Role of REDD+ in NDCs
• REDD+:• Either included together with other sectors/activities in the main (economy-wide)
contribution(this implies that REDD+ results, if any, offset emissions from other activities/sectors)• Or added as a separate specific contribution, either quantified or notREDD+ as an additional Contribution• Included:• Either with the same reference point, level, baseline, base year or starting point• Or with alternative specific reference point, level, baseline, base year or startingpoint

REDD+ results
In all cases, If REDD+ is successful: Net emission reported in the NGHGI for Forest land and/or in deforested landhas/have a decreasing trend across the time series, if the reference point, level, baseline,
base year or starting point is historical Net emission reported in the NGHGI for Forest land and/or in deforested land acrossthe target period is lower than in the reference point, level, baseline, base year or startingpointIssues: 1.
Should REDD+ activities be stratified within the NGHGI categories?
REDD+ activities likely occur on the same unit of land.
E.g. sustainably managing a forest land unit means also reducing emissions from degradation, avoiding
deforestation, conserving and possibly enhancing the C stocks.
This means that a unit of land cannot be stratified under a single REDD+ activity,
unless a single activity only is implemented within the country or activities areimplemented at sub-national level in different areas of the country.
However, REDD+ projects that occur in different areas of the country can bereported as subdivisions of the main land categories, so allowing for a clear
identification of all GHG emissions and removals associated with that project/activity

Issues: 2.
What if forest land is within the NDC target, but country does not include
REDD+ activities in the NDC?
Any REDD+ results would not be counted within the NDC progress,
Although all GHG emissions and all CO2 removals originating from land subject toREDD+ activities will be reported within the NGHGI, and therefore REDD+ results
will indirectly contribute to the achievement of the contribution.

Issues: 3.
What if REDD+ activities are included in the NDC for adaptation only?

Although REDD+ results would not be counted within the NDC progress, all GHG
emissions and all CO2 removals originating from land subject to REDD+ activities will
be reported within the NGHGIConsequently, REDD+ results will indirectly contribute to the achievement of themitigation contribution.

REDD+ in the Paris Agreement

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