PANAFRICAN CLIMATEUSTICE ALLIANCE

Gregory University,
Uturu - Nigeria

AFRICA
CLIMATECHANGEFU N DADVANCING TANZANIA’S NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION(NDCs) GOALS THROUGH INCLUSIVE STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)TECHNOPOLICY BRIEF NO. 74
Nicholas Ozor
Hope OkuthetĞŶƚůĂŶĚDƵŚĂƟĂŚ
Alfred Nyambane

Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs)
Goals Through Inclusive Stakeholder
Engagement

Nicholas Ozor
Hope Okuthe
Wentland Muha ah
Alfred Nyambane

African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)AFRICA
CLIMATECHANGE
FUND

The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is atransdisciplinary network of researchers, policymakers, private
sector actors and the civil society promo ng the genera on,
dissemina on, use and mastery of Science, Technology andInnova ons (STI) for African development, environmental
sustainability and global inclusion. In collabora on with likeminded ins tu ons, ATPS provides pla orms for regional andinterna onal research and knowledge sharing in order tobuild Africa’s capabili es in STI policy research, policymaking
and implementa on for sustainable development.
Published by the African Technology
Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
P. O. Box 10081, 00100- GPO,
Nairobi, Kenya©2024
978-9966-124-52-4

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Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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Table of Contents
About the Project ....................................................................................... iv
About Africa Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)............................ vi
Acknowledgement...................................................................................... vii
Key Messages............................................................................................. viii
1. Introduc on ......................................................................................... 1
2. Ra onale for Stakeholder Par cipa on in NDC implementa on ........ 2
3. Methodology ....................................................................................... 3
4. Major Findings...................................................................................... 4
5. Conclusion............................................................................................. 10
6. Policy Recommenda ons..................................................................... 11
References............................................................................................ 13
ATPS Technopolicy Brief Series ............................................................ 14

Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagementiii

About the Project
The Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs), with it’s condi onal anduncondi onal commitments, are key by-products of the Agreement andrequire all the countries to spell out their intended ac ons, to address climatechange over a ﬁve year period in terms of adapta on, mi ga on, and meansof implementa on as well as opportuni es arising therefrom and sustainable
development co-beneﬁts for the con nent. Despite the Paris Agreement providing
li le guidance on what and how climate change adapta on would be includedin the NDCs, most African NDCs highlight a number of cross-cu ng strategies
to address their mi ga on ambi ons as well as their adapta on needs. Thisis purblind considering the con nent is already dealing with increased severity
and frequency of climate risks and hazards due to its geographical posi oning,
overreliance on climate-sensi ve produc on sectors such as agriculture,
tourism, resource, and infrastructure deﬁcit, and the limited adap ve capacityof the people.
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS), in partnership with
the Pan-African Climate Jus ce Alliance (PACJA) and the West African Green
Economics Development Ins tute (WAGEDI), secured funding from the African
Development Bank (AfDB) through the African Climate Change Fund (ACCF) to
implement the “Building the Capacity of Selected sub-Sahara African Countries
to Eﬀec vely Measure Progress in their Na onally Determined Contribu ons’
Implementa on using Tracking Tools and Indexes” project aimed at enhancing
the capacity of selected sub-Saharan African countries to eﬀec vely monitor
and report on their Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs). The selected
countries include Botswana, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia,
Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The primary
goal is to develop and u lise tracking tools and indexes that will enable thesecountries to measure their progress in NDC implementa on accurately. Thisini a ve builds upon earlier collabora ons among ATPS, PACJA, and WAGEDI,
which involved the development of NDC implementa on monitoring andtracking tools in eight sub-Saharan African countries. The lessons learned fromthese earlier projects, as well as the networks and capaci es already established,
will provide a solid founda on for the current project. The collabora on aims toensure that par cipa ng countries can monitor their NDC progress and compare
their performance with other countries and regions in Africa.

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Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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The project seeks to address a signiﬁcant gap in the capacity of sub-SaharanAfrican countries to track and report on the implementa on of their NDCs. The
ATPS operates through a network of Na onal Chapters in 30 countries, which
includes 27 African and 3 Diaspora chapters. These Na onal Chapters are led
by Focal Persons who provide intellectual and administra ve leadership at thecountry level. By leveraging this established network, the project aims to train
NDC implementa on focal persons and champions who will use the tracking andmonitoring tools developed through this ini a ve.

Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagementv

About Africa Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS)The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is a transdisciplinary
network of researchers, policymakers, private sector actors and civil society
promo ng the genera on, dissemina on, use and mastery of Science,
Technology and Innova ons (STI) for African development, environmental
sustainability and global inclusion. The ATPS has over 5,000 members and 3000
stakeholders in over 51 countries in 5 con nents with ins tu onal partnerships
worldwide. We implement our programs through members in na onal chaptersestablished in 30 countries (27 in Africa and 3 Diaspora chapters in Australia, theUnited States of America, and the United Kingdom). In collabora on with likeminded ins tu ons, the ATPS provides pla orms for regional and interna onal
research and knowledge sharing in order to build Africa’s capabili es in STI policy
research, policymaking and implementa on for sustainable development.

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Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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Acknowledgement
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) and its Partners Pan-African
Climate Jus ce Alliance (PACJA) and West African Green Economic Development
Ins tute (WAGEDI) express our sincere gra tude to all individuals andorganiza ons who contributed to the study on the implementa on of Tanzania’s
Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs). We are also thankful to thevarious stakeholders from government agencies, civil society organiza ons, theprivate sector, and local communi es led by the Tanzania ATPS Na onal Chapter
Coordinator for their invaluable insights and feedback. Their ac ve par cipa on
and collabora on have been instrumental in shaping a comprehensive andinclusive approach to climate ac on in Tanzania. Special thanks to the project
team from all the partnering ins tu ons. Lastly, we acknowledge the ﬁnancial
and technical support provided by the African Development Bank (AfDB) throughits African Climate Change Fund (ACCF), without which this policy brief would
not have been possible.

Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagementvii

Key Messages
 The eﬀec ve implementa on of Tanzania’s NDCs hinges on broad stakeholder
par cipa on, including local communi es, civil society organiza ons, private
sector, and government agencies. Engaging these diverse groups throughout
the planning, implementa on, and monitoring stages can leverage theirexper se, resources, and perspec ves to drive sustainable climate ac on.
 To ensure the sustainability and eﬀec veness of climate ac ons, Tanzania
is integra ng its NDC targets into na onal and sectoral development plans.
This alignment fosters a cohesive approach to development, where climate
considera ons are embedded within broader economic and social policies,
ensuring that climate ac ons contribute to na onal development goals.
 Tanzania is u lizing public-private partnerships (PPPs) to enhance its
climate ac on, par cularly in expanding renewable energy projects. These
partnerships are instrumental in mobilizing ﬁnancial and technical resources,
driving the adop on of sustainable prac ces, and fostering innova on in theimplementa on of climate-resilient projects.
 Achieving Tanzania’s NDC targets requires signiﬁcant capacity building andinterna onal support. The country needs to enhance the technical andins tu onal capacity of its climate actors, par cularly at the local government
level, and secure interna onal ﬁnancial and technical assistance to bridge theresource gap necessary for implemen ng climate mi ga on and adapta on
strategies.

viii Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement

1.

Introduc on

Tanzania submi ed its updated Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs)
in July 2021 with set targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to between
30-35% by 2030 compared to the business-as-usual-scenario. The NDCs
outline a comprehensive set of interven ons focused on both mi ga on andadapta on. On the mi ga on front, it seeks to curb emissions across key sectors
like energy, transport, forestry, waste, agriculture, livestock, and industry bypromo ng clean energy transi on, sustainable prac ces, and addressing sector
speciﬁc emissions sources. Simultaneously, it priori zes enhancing resilienceand adap ve capacity in vulnerable sectors like agriculture, water resources,
coastal zones, and health. Strategies include early warning systems, improved
water resource management, climate resilient infrastructure, and promo ng
sustainable livelihoods for vulnerable communi es. The country intends tointegrate climate change considera ons into na onal and sectoral development
plans, policies and strategies. Capacity building, technology transfer and accessto climate ﬁnance are also highlighted as important for implemen ng mi ga on
and adapta on ac ons. The NDCs’ es mated implementa on budget requires
resources exceeding domes c capabili es, thus necessita ng interna onal
support.
Stakeholder par cipa on plays a crucial role in achieving Tanzania’s NDC targets.
Eﬀec ve implementa on of climate change mi ga on and adapta on measuresrequires ac ve involvement and collabora on of various stakeholders, including
local communi es, civil society organisa ons, the private sector, academic andresearch ins tu ons, and government agencies at both na onal and sub-na onal
levels. By engaging stakeholders throughout the planning, implementa on
and monitoring processes, Tanzania can leverage on their diverse exper se,resources and perspec ves.
The purpose of this policy brief is to provide an overview of the challenges,
opportuni es and recommenda ons for enhancing stakeholder engagementin the implementa on of Tanzania’s NDCs. It aims to iden fy key barriers
that hinder eﬀec ve stakeholder involvement such as limited awareness,
ins tu onal and resource constraints. Addi onally, the brief seeks to highlightexis ng opportuni es for strengthening stakeholder engagement, including thepoten al for collabora on, capacity-building ini a ves and innova ve ﬁnancing
mechanisms. Through a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape, thebrief aims to provide ac onable recommenda ons to policymakers, prac oners,
and other stakeholders on how to improve stakeholder engagement in NDCs
implementa on processes.
Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals 1
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2. Ra onale for Stakeholder par cipa on in
NDCs implementa on
The country’s economy relies heavily on natural resources which contribute toover 70% of its country GDP and livelihoods. However, overreliance on theseresources has put addi onal strain on them. The country is already experiencing
adverse impacts of climate change including extreme weather events leading tomajor economic costs. According to the updated NDC version of 2021, extreme
climate change events are expected to increase resul ng in costs poten allyequivalent to 1-2% of GDP annually by 2030. The country’s climate change
projec ons indicate warming temperatures and decreased rainfall, leading tomore frequent and severe extreme climate events. Tanzania has implemented
various ac ons, ini a ves and policies to combat climate change and reducegreenhouse gas emissions, aiming for long-term climate resilience andsustainable development.
Broad stakeholder par cipa on is indispensable for the eﬀec ve implementa onof Tanzania’s NDC targets due to the mul faceted nature of climate change
and the country’s diverse contexts and constraints. Tackling cross-cu ng
climate impacts across sectors like energy, agriculture and water necessitatescollabora ve strategies leveraging the exper se of various stakeholders.
Tanzania’s geographic and socioeconomic diversity, spanning coastal areas toarid regions and urban to rural communi es, demands context-speciﬁc solu ons
that can only be achieved through engaging local stakeholders familiar withunique vulnerabili es. Moreover, resource constraints and capacity gaps can beaddressed by involving the private sector, civil society and interna onal partners
who can provide ﬁnancing, technical know-how and capacity building support.
Inclusivity is vital, necessita ng the voices for women, youth and marginalizedgroups to promote gender-responsive approaches aligned with the NDC’s focus.
Stakeholder involvement cul vates ownership, commitment and sustainabilityof climate ac ons, while enabling monitoring, evalua on and accountability
through their oversight role thereby collec vely strengthening Tanzania’s climate
response.

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3. Methodology
The methodology for the study that informed this policy brief involved a mixof desk study, quan ta ve and qualita ve approaches. A signiﬁcant por on of
the data was collected through desk study, which involved reviewing publishedand unpublished reports, policies, strategies and other secondary informa on
sources related to climate change mi ga on and adapta on in Tanzania. These
included na onal climate change policies, reports on climate change projects
and ini a ves and various research works. The secondary data from desk study
was complemented with primary data collected through quan ta ve andqualita ve surveys using both structured and open-ended ques onnaires. Key
informants in Tanzania were iden ﬁed based on informa on obtained from thedesk study, and interviewed to gain deeper insights. Focus group discussions
were conducted to triangulate and validate the data and informa on obtained
from the desk study and KIIs. Par cipants were drawn from the key informantsfrom the diﬀerent stakeholder categories including government, private sector,
civil society/NGOs, researchers and media/development partners. Each datacollec on method resulted in various data sets being collated. Each interview
was transcribed, and detailed notes were prepared.

Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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34. Major Findings
4.1 Overview of key policies and ins tu ons involved in NDC Implementa on
Tanzania has developed a comprehensive policy framework to guide its climatechange responses, encompassing strategies, plans and regula ons across various
sectors. The Na onal Climate Change Response Strategy (2021-2026) provides
an overarching framework for coordina ng adapta on and mi ga on eﬀorts,
while sectoral plans like the Agriculture Climate Resilience Plan (2014-2019)
and the Na onal Climate Change and Health Adapta on Plan (2018-2023) focus
on enhancing resilience in speciﬁc domains. Policies such as the Environmental
Management Regula ons (2022) facilitate the implementa on of carbon tradingmechanisms and promote climate change mi ga on ini a ves. Addi onally,
the Na onal Environmental Master Plan for Strategic Interven ons (2022-2032)
takes an integrated approach, addressing environmental challenges, including
climate impacts, land degrada on and biodiversity loss.
Tanzania’s ins tu onal framework for NDCs implementa on is spearheadedby the Vice President’s Oﬃce as the na onal climate change focal point,
overseeing strategies like the Na onal Climate Change Response Strategy and
the NDCs itself. Mul -stakeholder commi ees, the Na onal Climate Change
Steering Commi ee and the Technical Commi ee, provide policy guidanceand cross-sectoral coordina on. The President’s Oﬃce along with ministries
like agriculture, livestock, energy, tourism and ﬁnance executes sector-speciﬁc
adapta on and mi ga on ac ons aligned with NDC goals. The coordina on ofclimate eﬀorts across na onal and local levels is facilitated by the President’sOﬃce collabora ng with local government authori es. Specialized bodies likethe Na onal Carbon Monitoring Centre at Sokoine University manage theMeasuring, Repor ng and Veriﬁca on system, while the Na onal Environmental
Management Council enforces environmental laws and assessments.
While the country’s policies and plans demonstrate Tanzania’s commitment
to addressing climate change, their eﬀec veness may be hindered by several
factors. Limited ins tu onal capacity and resources could pose challenges in
implementa on. Furthermore, some documents like the Na onal Adapta on
Programme of Ac on of 2007 and the Na onal Climate Change Strategy of2012 may require updates to align with the country’s current climate change
scenarios, vulnerabili es and priori es, including updated NDC targets.
Con nuous monitoring, evalua on and adapta on of these frameworks are4

Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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crucial to ensure their relevance and impact in guiding Tanzania’s climate change
responses eﬀec vely.
4.2 Best prac ces and impacts in NDC implementa on
Some of Tanzania’s best prac ces in NDCs implementa on include:-Policy and legisla on support: Tanzania has developed a comprehensive policy
framework to guide its climate change response with the Na onal Climate
Change Strategy (NCCS) serving as the cornerstone. This strategy provides adetailed roadmap for achieving the country’s ambi ous NDC targets. Speciﬁcally,
Tanzania aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30-35% rela ve to thebusiness-as-usual scenario by 2030, through measures in energy, agriculture,
forestry and waste management. The NCCS is bu ressed by other legisla vemeasures, notably the Environmental Management Act of 2004 that ensures
objec ves outlined in the document have the necessary legal backing foreﬀec ve implementa on. Addi onally, the NCCS is strategically aligned withother na onal ini a ves such as the Na onal Five-Year Development Plan,
facilita ng the implementa on of climate ac on by integra ng them into thecountry’s overarching development goals.
-Strong ins tu onal framework and coordina on: Tanzania has demonstrated
a commitment in addressing climate change through the establishment of the
Na onal Climate Change Steering Commi ee (NCCSC), which coordinates climate
ac ons across various sectors and government levels. This commi ee ensuresthat climate policies are seamlessly integrated into na onal development plans,
ensuring a holis c approach to climate change mi ga on and adapta on. The
country has also adopted a decentralized strategy to mainstream climate ac ons
throughout its governmental structure. Each sectoral ministry has designatedclimate change focal points, tasked with the responsibility of integra ng climate
considera ons into their respec ve sectors. The coordinated ins tu onal
framework has led to more eﬃcient resource u liza on, reducing redundancies
and overlaps in climate-related ini a ves.
-Public-Private Partnerships: Tanzania has made strides in expanding its
renewable energy sector through successful engagement with the private
sector. The country has eﬀec vely leveraged public-private partnerships (PPPs)
to drive growth in solar and wind energy projects, substan ally increasing
its renewable energy capacity. A prime example of this collabora on is theSingida Wind Farm which is set to contribute 100MW to the na onal grid uponcomple on. The country has also made notable progress in green ﬁnancing.
The CRDB Bank’s launch of the “Kijani Bond “as part of a USD 300 million
Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement5mul -currency Medium Term Note Programme, marks a signiﬁcant milestone
and has a racted considerable private investment. The Interna onal FinanceCorpora on’s commitment to invest 40% of the total issuance underscores theinterna onal ﬁnancial community’s conﬁdence in Tanzania’s green ini a ves.
These partnerships are instrumental in mobilizing substan al ﬁnancial andtechnical resources.
-Use of climate relevant data in decision making: Tanzania has made progress inincorpora ng climate-relevant data into its decision-making processes througha combina on of interna onal support and domes c and academic exper se.
Interna onal donors like USAID and GIZ have played a role in suppor ng climate
data collec on and u liza on eﬀorts in the country. Interna onal assistance has
been instrumental in enhancing Tanzania’s capacity to gather and analyze climate
related informa on. Tanzanian academic ins tu ons have also made substan alcontribu ons to climate data genera on and research. Notable among these
are the Centre for Climate Studies at the University of Dar Es Salaam and the
Na onal Carbon Monitoring Centre at Sokoine University of Agriculture which
run comprehensive research programs that produce a wide range of climaterelated datasets.
-Stakeholder engagement in NDCs implementa on: Tanzania has demonstrated
a strong commitment to stakeholder engagement in the implementa on of
its NDCs, with Civil Society Organiza ons playing a pivotal role in this process.
These organiza ons are ac vely involved in various aspects of climate ac on
including raising awareness, building capacity and monitoring climate ini a ves.
The organiza ons include the Forum for Climate Change (ForumCC) which is at
the forefront of climate change advocacy in Tanzania. Their work is essen al inbridging the gap between high-level policy and local understanding and ac on.
Similarly, the Tanzanian Tradi onal Energy Development Organisa on (TaTEDO)
has prepared a baseline report on promo ng the implementa on of the Paris
Agreement. This strategy enhances the implementa on of climate policies andensures that eﬀorts are aligned with local needs and contexts.
4.3 Challenges to Stakeholder Par cipa on in NDCs implementa on
Despite the progress Tanzania has made in NDCs implementa on, the countrys ll experiences the following challenges:-Insuﬃcient ﬁnancial resources: Tanzania’s eﬀorts to achieve its NDCs are
signiﬁcantly hindered by insuﬃcient ﬁnancial resources. The heavy reliance oninterna onal donors introduces a high degree of uncertainty and variability infunding making it challenging to maintain a consistent ﬂow of ﬁnancial support.
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Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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This dependency complicates the mobiliza on of domes c funds needed tomeet NDC targets. Moreover, there is intense compe on for the limited publicbudgets between climate-related ini a ves and other pressing development
priori es. As a result, securing adequate and stable ﬁnancing for climate ac ons
remains a cri cal obstacle, aﬀec ng the overall eﬀec veness and sustainabilityof Tanzania’s climate policies and projects.
-Insuﬃcient ins tu onal capacity and coordina on: The implementa on of
Tanzania’s NDCs is signiﬁcantly impeded by insuﬃcient ins tu onal capacity
and coordina on. Weak inter-agency collabora on and the absence ofrobust ins tu onal arrangements hinder eﬀec ve policy execu on. Local
government authori es, in par cular, face diﬃcul es in comprehending andintegra ng relevant NDC targets into their opera onal frameworks. This lackof understanding and mainstreaming further complicates eﬀorts to achieve
climate goals, highligh ng the need for stronger ins tu onal support and clearer
coordina on mechanisms across all levels of government.
-Limited awareness and engagement of stakeholders: Tanzania’s progressin implemen ng its NDCs is hindered by limited awareness and engagement
among key stakeholders. Many stakeholders lack suﬃcient understandingof the country’s NDC targets and their speciﬁc roles in achieving these goals.
This lack of awareness is compounded by limited par cipa on of stakeholders
in the planning and decision-making processes. Consequently, the absence ofwidespread stakeholder engagement and collabora on reduces the overall
eﬀec veness and inclusivity of climate ac ons; underscoring the need for
improved communica on and involvement strategies to foster greater
stakeholder buy-in and par cipa on.
-Capacity constraints: Tanzania faces signiﬁcant capacity constraints in its
eﬀorts to address climate change and implement its NDCs. A shortage of skilled
professionals and technical experts hampers the country’s ability to eﬀec vely
design, implement and monitor complex climate ac ons. This deﬁcit extends tothe development and deployment of innova ve solu ons, limi ng Tanzania’s
capacity to adapt to changing climate condi ons and mi gate their impacts.
The challenge is further compounded at the ins tu onal level, where many
government bodies and local authori es struggle to fully integrate climatechange considera ons into their planning and opera onal processes.
-Data and informa on gaps: Tanzania lacks a centralized MRV system and this
impedes comprehensive data capture from all climate-related en es leading
Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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to fragmented informa on. This, coupled with diﬃcul es in data collec on,
management and dissemina on hinders evidence-based climate ac ons. At the
local level, the limited access to relevant climate data and informa on constrains
stakeholders’ ability to respond eﬀec vely to climate risks and opportuni es.
4.4 Opportuni es for Stakeholder Par cipa on in Tanzania’s NDCs
Implementa on
Tanzania has several opportuni es to enhance stakeholder par cipa on in theimplementa on of its NDCs:-Leveraging interna onal support: Tanzania has signiﬁcant opportuni es
to enhance climate change eﬀorts by leveraging interna onal support andresources. The country can tap into global climate ﬁnance mechanisms suchas the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) tosecure funding for its NDC projects. This ﬁnancial support can be complemented
by engaging with interna onal organiza ons and donor agencies to accesstechnical assistance and capacity-building support. The collabora ons also
strengthen local exper se and bolster ins tu onal capaci es within the country.
-Enhancing stakeholder engagements and partnerships: Tanzania can enhance
its NDCs implementa on through improved stakeholder engagement andpartnerships. By strengthening mul -stakeholder pla orms, the country canenhance dialogue, coordina on and collabora on among diverse actors,
tapping into a wide range of exper se, resources and networks. This approach
can be complemented by suppor ng grassroots ini a ves and local adapta on
projects which not only enhance community resilience but also ensure thatclimate ac ons are relevant to local contexts.
-Building public-private partnerships and strengthening collabora on: Tanzania
can advance its climate goals through PPPs. By ac vely engaging the private
sector, the country can a ract increased investments and leverage specialized
exper se to expand and enhance climate projects. This can drive the adop on of
appropriate technologies, accelera ng transi on to more sustainable prac ces.
Development partners can intensify capacity building eﬀorts, thereby enhancing
the exper se of various stakeholders involved in NDCs implementa on. This
dual approach of private sector engagement and capacity building can create asynergis c eﬀect, combining ﬁnancial resources, technical know-how and local
knowledge to more eﬀec vely implement Tanzania’s climate strategies.
-Strengthening ins tu onal frameworks: Tanzania has the opportunity toenhance its climate ac on eﬀorts by strengthening its ins tu onal frameworks.
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Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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A key aspect of this approach involves deepening the integra on of climate
policies into na onal and sectoral development plans to ensure that climate
considera ons are not treated as separate issues but woven into the fabric of
the country’s development agenda. Addi onally, the country can beneﬁt fromins tu ng comprehensive policy reforms, focusing on upda ng and harmonizing
its regulatory framework.
-Enhancing data and informa on systems: Tanzania can bolster its climatechange eﬀorts by enhancing its data and informa on systems. By inves ng
in modern technology for data collec on and management, the country
can substan ally improve the accuracy and accessibility of climate data. Thismoderniza on would facilitate more informed planning and decision-making
processes across all levels of government and among various stakeholders. They
can also implement comprehensive training programs aimed at building thecapacity of local authori es to eﬀec vely u lize climate data to enhance theirability to implement targeted adapta on measures, ensuring that local climate
ac ons are based on robust, up-to-date informa on.

Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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95. Conclusion
Tanzania has developed an ins tu onal framework for NDC implementa on, yetchallenges persist in enforcing guidelines, ensuring accountability of non-state
actors, and verifying gender integra on. Mi ga on eﬀorts focus on clean energy
transi ons, sustainable prac ces, and sector-speciﬁc emission reduc ons,
requiring collabora ve ﬁnancing, policy research, and advocacy. Adapta on
measures include climate-smart agriculture, waste management, and early
warning systems, facilitated by organiza ons promo ng resilient crops, climate
informa on dissemina on, and infrastructure climate-prooﬁng. Mobilizing
adequate ﬁnancing remains a cri cal concern, necessita ng the evalua onof frameworks to leverage government budgets, stakeholder alloca ons, andprivate sector partnerships. The MRV system, currently focused on forestry
and land use emissions, requires strengthening to gather comprehensive NDC
data across sectors, supported by stakeholder contribu ons in awareness,
technology, and funding. Limited awareness and access to informa on about
NDCs among stakeholders impede eﬀec ve implementa on. Strengthening
coordina on, enhancing capacity, mobilizing resources, and establishing robust
MRV systems are essen al for Tanzania to accelerate climate ac on and build
resilience. Collabora ve eﬀorts among government, private sector, civil society,and development partners are crucial for achieving the country’s climate goals
and contribu ng to global climate change mi ga on.

10 Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
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6. Policy Recommenda ons
To strengthen stakeholder par cipa on in the implementa on of Tanzania’s
NDCs, the following policy recommenda ons should be considered:
Recommenda on 1: The government should diversify funding sources andstrengthen interna onal coopera on to achieve uncondi onal targets: Tanzania
can diversify funding sources by eﬀec vely mobilizing domes c resources which
includes increasing public funding to achieve uncondi onal targets. They should
strengthen interna onal coopera on to secure addi onal ﬁnancing from theglobal community. This can be further bolstered by crea ng an improved policy
and regulatory environment that a racts private sector investments in climate
resilient projects. The diversiﬁed funding approach will not only help in mee ng
the country’s NDC targets but also promote long-term resilience in the face ofclimate challenges.
Recommenda on 2: Research ins tu ons and development partners should
support the government in building technical and ins tu onal capacity toincrease the number of skilled climate actors: The government can provide
adequate resources and support to key ins tu ons, decentralizing climate ac on
responsibili es, and enhancing the capacity of local governments. Addi onally,
they should establish strategic partnerships with academic ins tu ons andinterna onal organiza ons to facilitate ongoing capacity development andknowledge exchange. Strengthening ins tu onal frameworks at na onal andlocal levels while tapping into external exper se, Tanzania can create a morerobust and skilled network of climate actors.
Recommenda on 3: The government should synchronise NDC targets into
na onal budgetary systems to ensure eﬀec ve implementa on of climate
ac ons: Tanzania can integrate its NDC targets into budgetary systems toensure eﬀec ve implementa on of climate ac ons. This involves incorpora ng
NDC targets directly into the government’s ﬁnancial planning and alloca onprocesses. To support this, they should establish a system of regular audits
and ﬁnancial repor ng speciﬁcally focused on climate related expenditures. Byaligning budgetary processes with NDC goals, Tanzania can ensure that climate
ac on receives consistent and appropriate funding, improved transparency inclimate ﬁnance and enhance the ability to track progress towards its climate
commitments.
Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals 11
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement

Recommenda on 4: Alignment of policies and regula ons to create a conducive
environment for partnerships and investments: The government should ensurethat legal frameworks ac vely support sustainable development ini a ves andprovide incen ves for private sector engagement in climate related projects. The
crea on of clear and comprehensive frameworks for PPP, will explicitly outline
the roles, responsibili es and poten al beneﬁts for private sector partners, thiswill help to a ract more private investment, encourage innova on and leverageaddi onal resources and exper se for climate ini a ves. The alignment ofpolicies and regula ons will promote long-term sustainability by crea ng a
symbio c rela onship between public climate goals and private sector interests.

12 Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement

References
Nachmany, M. (2018). Climate change governance in Tanzania: challenges andopportuni es.
Grantham Research Ins tute on Climate Change and the Environment andCentre for Climate Change economics and Policy. Climate-change-governancein-Tanzania-challenges-and-opportuni es.pdf (lse.ac.uk)
Support for the Na onal Adapta on Plan Process. (2017). h ps://www.
adaptationcommunity.net/mainstreaming-nap/examples/tanzania-napprocess/United Republic of Tanzania (URT). (July, 2022). Na onal Environmental Master
Plan for Strategic Interven ons (2022-2032). Vice President’s Oﬃce.
URT. (2021). Na onal Climate Change Response Strategy (2021-2026). Vice
President’s Oﬃce, Division of Environment, Government Printer, Dodoma.
Tanzania.
URT. (October, 2021). Na onal Environmental Policy.
URT. (October, 2021). Implementa on Strategy for the Na onal Environment
Policy (2022-2030). Vice President’s Oﬃce.
URT. (2015). Na onal Energy Policy. Ministry of energy and Minerals.
URT. (July, 2021). Na onally Determined Contribu on. Vice President’s Oﬃce.

Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals 13
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement

ATPS TechnoPolicy Briefs Series• Enhancing Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of the Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Ethiopia (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No.
73)• Paving the Way for Climate Ac on: Kenya’s Journey towards Implemen ng
the Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No.
72)• Quelle Est La Place De La Science, De La Technologie Et De L’innova on Dans
L’emploi Des Jeunes Au Sénégal ? (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 71)• Using Science, Technology, and Innova on to Enhance Skills Development,
Job Crea on, and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief
No. 70)• Fostering the future and livelihood of young people in Uganda throughScience, Technology, and Innova on (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 69)• What is the place of Science, Technology, and Innova on in Youth Employment
in Senegal? (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 68)• Understanding Rwanda’s Science, Technology, and Innova on Landscape in
Youth Employment Crea on (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 67)• Leveraging Science, Technology, and Innova on for Enhanced Youth
Employment in Nigeria (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 66)• Unlocking the Poten al of Educa on and Skills for Suppor ng Youth
Employment in Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 65)• Harnessing Science and Technological Innova on for Youth Employment andSkill Acquisi on in Ghana (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 64)• Is Ethiopia’s Science, Technology, and Innova on Policy Landscape Eﬀec velyCrea ng Jobs and Fostering Skills for the Youth? (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No.
63)• University-Led Ecosystems for Sustained Innova on and Entrepreneurship
Development in Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 62)• Eco-innova on Policies for Sustainable Development in Africa (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 61)• Ins tu onal Landscape for Eco-innova on Development in Africa (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 60)• Policy and Ins tu onal Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in Benin(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 59)• Ins tu onal Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in Kenya (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 58)
14 Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement• Policy and Ins tu onal Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in
Senegal (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 57)• Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief
No. 56)• Policy and Ins tu onal Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in
Rwanda (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 55)• Bridging Climate Informa on Gaps to Strengthen Capaci es for Climate Informed
Decision (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 54)• Embracing Open Contrac ng in Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 53)• The Digital Revolu on, Open Science, and Innova on for Open Science Developmentin Sub-Saharan Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 52)• Nouvelles approaches de ﬁ nancement de la recherché et de L’innova on en Afrique(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 51)• New Approaches for Funding Research and Innova on in Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy
Brief No. 50)• Towards Eﬀec ve Public-Private Partnerships in Research and Innova on: A
Perspec ve for African Science Gran ng Councils (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 49)• Innova ve Prac ces and Policies for Promo ng Biodiversity Informa cs in SubSaharan Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 48)• Improving the Relevance of University Training to Labour Market Demands in Africa(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 47)• Developing Policies for Biodiversity Informa cs in sub-Saharan Africa (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 46)• ICTs role in Agricultural Development: Prospects of Land Poten al Knowledge System(LandPKS) (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 45)• Mainstreaming Gender in the Na onal Science, Technology and Innova on (STI)
Policy of Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 44)• Social Innova on: An Untapped Resource for Inclusive Green Growth (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 43)• Policy Axes that Can Uphold Agricultural Innova ons for Climate Change Adapta on
and Food Security in Central Africa: Case of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Central
African Republic (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 42)• Frameworks for Intellectual Property Protec on of Tradi onal Knowledge in Tanzania(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 41)• Assessment of Possible Intellectual Property Protec on Op ons of Tradi onal
Knowledge System in Ethiopia (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 40)• Towards inﬂuencing Na onal Legisla on, Policies, Strategies and Programmes forappropriate Protec on and Beneﬁt-Sharing of Tradi onal Knowledge (TK) with andby Tradi onal Herbalists in Uganda. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 39)• Tradi onal Healers and their Provision of Mental Health Services in Cosmopolitan
Informal Se lements in Nairobi, Kenya. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 38)• Policy Implica ons for Intellectual Property Systems for Tradi onal Healers in
Lesotho. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 37)
Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals 15
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement• Incidence of Indigenous and Innova ve Climate Change Adapta on Prac ces for
Smallholder Framers’ Livelihood Security in Chikhwawa District, Southern Malawi.
(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 36)• Machobane Farming System and its Relevance to Climate Change Policy in Lesotho.
(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 35)

16 Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement

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