Journal of Global Resources

Volume 4 (01)January 2018
ISSN: 2395-3160 (Print), 2455-2445 (Online)

Page 61-65

09
LIVESTOCK COMBINATION REGION IN JAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN
Anju Ojha
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Geography
Govt. Lohia PG College, Churu (Rajasthan), India
Email: draj2280@gmail.com
Abstract: The livestock sector is an integral part of India’s agriculture and an important part of
the whole economy with reference to employment, income and earning of foreign exchange forthe country. The growth of dairy industry with the milk production increasing to more than triple in
the last few decades has been a commendable achievement and is well recognized. Despite
scientific and technological advancement in mechanical farming large numbers of agriculturaloperations continue to depend on bullocks and buffaloes for draught power and dung for organic
manure and fuel, supporting the farming community having small and marginal land holdings. The
paper discusses a few examples of livestock combination region of Jaipur district. The study wascarried out in order to understand production systems and to assess the need, priorities andscope for development interventions. The combination of livestock cows, buffalo and goats iscommon. Each of these is adopted with a multi-purpose objective.
Keywords: Livestock, Combination, Production System, Crop Combination.
Introduction
Keeping livestock is traditional and closely linked to rural culture, indicative of the fact that ruralfamilies have always realised the importance of livestock and clear evidence is available inliterature, art and ancient epics dating back to 4000 B.C. or maybe even earlier (Rangnekar 1995,Dolberg 1982). The foremost environmental challenge faced by the world is climate change. All
the sectors and societies of world are vulnerable to climate change. But, the developing regions
which are scarce on resources and the sectors like agriculture, which are primarily dependent on
climate, are among the most vulnerable group. Rajasthan, largest state of India is among theresource scarce regions, although the state is house of many important minerals but lacks inbasic resources like fertile land and water resources. The crop combination regions have beenstudied from time to time again and again by geographers and agricultural and use planners. But
evidences for livestock combination regions are almost non- existent except those (Singh, 1976)
who studied the livestock combination regions for Haryana on the theoretical basis. Two different
approaches are generally applied for delineation of crop combination regions based on arbitrarychoice of crops etc. i.e. First crop only, first two crops only, first three crops etc. and developmentof crop combination regions in terms of variables based on some theoretical techniques which areconsidered to be more accurate, scientific and widely acceptable. Here, an attempt has been
made to delineate the livestock combination region in Rajasthan based on the statistical the groupof significant function (Mahmood, 1977).
Rajasthan is among the leading producers of mustard, pearl millet, cumin, coriander andfenugreek (Swain, Kalamkar and Ojha, 2012) which shows the importance of the state in Indianagriculture. The heavy dependence of agriculture in Rajasthan on monsoon rainfall makes it
more vulnerable towards the phenomenon of climate change (Singh, 1994; Singh and Kumar,2013). Agriculture, including animal husbandry, contributed just 24.59 per cent to the State Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) during 2012-13 (Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2013). The
agriculture practices in Rajasthan are very tough due to the harsh dry climate found in majority ofthe state (Chand and Raju, 2009). The state’s economy has undergone a considerable
transformation in the recent past with growth of manufacturing and services sectors. However,agriculture, with 64.2 per cent of total rural working population is directly dependent on agriculture
as cultivators and agriculture labours (Census of India, 2011), continues to play an important role.
The low literacy of 61.4 percent (Census of India, 2011) found among the rural community ofRajasthan is the foremost social reasons for agriculture vulnerability. Agriculture in Rajasthan61faces land scarcity not only due to unfavourable topography but also due to competition fromindustrial sector. Growth of the agriculture sector, therefore, has an important impact on the livesof people dependent on agriculture. According to the Planning Department (2012), the challenges
faced by the agriculture sector in Rajasthan are increasing gap between demand and availabilityof water, scanty and uncertain rainfall, deteriorating quality of land and underground water, lowvalue agriculture, large gap between potential and realized yield of crops and high inter-year
variation in productivity, low share of vegetable and fruit crops, seed spices and medicinal plants,
etc. The vulnerability of agriculture sector increases with changing environmental and socioeconomic conditions (Singh, 2000).
Physical Set-Up
Jaipur is situated in the eastern part of Rajasthan, surrounded on three sides by the rugged
Aravalli hills. It is surrounded by Alwar and Sikar in the North; by Sikar, Nagaur and Ajmer inWest; by Ajmer, Tonk and Sawai Madhopur in the South and by Dausa and Bharatpur districts inEast. It has an average elevation of 430 meters. Jaipur was founded in 1728 A.D. Maharaja JaiSingh was the founder of Jaipur city which is famous for its wonderful architectural planning. Thecity has many historical monuments and buildings even as on today. The climate of Jaipur city issemi-arid and average rainfall per year is 556.4 mm. The rainy season lasts from June toSeptember. The dry bulb temperature lies between 450 C to 250 C in summer and 220 C to 80 C inwinter. The city is renowned for heritage and its color symmetry and thus known as the pink city.
According to the census 2011, Jaipur district has a population of 6,663,971, which gives it aranking of 10th most populous district in India. The district has a population density of 598
persons per square kilometer and a population growth rate of 26.91 percent in the decade 20012011. The gender ratio of this district is 909 females for every 1000 males and a literacy ratio of76.44 percent. As of 2011, Jaipur has a population of 3,073,350. The Population of the Jaipur
Metropolitan area is 3,646,590. (Figure 01)
Jaipur district in Rajasthan lies between north latitudes 260 43' to 280 30" and east
longitudes between 740 60' to 770 18' covering a geographical area of 11,117 km2. It is bounded in
the north by the State of Haryana as well as by Sikar district of Rajasthan, in the south by Tonk
district, on the western borders by the districts of Ajmer and Nagaur and on its easternboundaries lies Alwar and Dausa districts. The district occupies an area of 11143 km2 which is
3.26 percent to the total area of the state.
Figure 01: Key Map62

Material and Method
Commensurate with the objective of the study, all the 13 tehsils of Jaipur District wereconsidered. The data pertaining to livestock census of Jaipur District of year i.e. 2012 wereconsidered to examine the livestock combination in Jaipur District. In the order to determine somesharp-cut off points, for delineation of crop combination regions, the geographer have applieddifferent statistical techniques and suitably modified time to time. An important formula given byWeaver (1954) while studying the livestock combination region in the Middle West. Let d1, d2, .dn
be the deviations (Plus or minus) of the actual percentages from any one of theoretical values.
These deviations, for every set of livestock are squared and summed. Each sum is divided bynumber of livestock. The square root of this will give us a measure of deviation of the concerned
livestock combination from the theoretical, calling this δ we haveδ=Σd2nWhere Σd2 is the sum of square of individual deviations and n is the number of livestock
being considered, the combination with least or smallest value of δ will be combination to beselected. Weaver’s method to determine the minimum deviations appears to be quite simple, butin practice, it requires much calculation. Occasionally, it also tends to produce highly generalized
result in areas of large, although not vary enough to justify the combination and the remaining
livestock are comparatively small.
Results and Discussion
The total livestock population of the district during 2012 was 2.8 million (Anon. 2016). Of thiscattle population constitute 22.82 percent, buffalos’ 38.57 percent, goat 30.08 percent, sheep
8.26 percent and camel 0.18 percent respectively. Cattle are dominantly found in Phulera, Chomu
and Amer tehsils, buffaloes in Kotputali and Amer, goat in Phulera and sheep in Mauzamabadand Phagi tehsils respectively. Tehsil wise distribution of livestock population is given in table 1and percent to total livestock population in table 2. Livestock combination region for Jaipur District
were delineated by above method and result are set out in table 3. From the table 3 it is revealed
the one livestock combination was not found in any tehsil. However, there are three tehsils
namely Jamwa Ramgarh, Shahpura and Viratnagar in which 2- livestock combination is formed
during the year 2012. 3- livestock combination was observed in six tehsils namely Aamer, Bassi,Chaksu, Chomu, Jaipur and Sanganer whereas 4-livestock combination has been observed in
Mauzamabad, Phagi and Phulera tehsils and 6-livestock combination in only one tehsil viz.
Kotputli in the year 2012.
Table 01: Tehsil wise distribution of Livestock Wealth in Jaipur district (2012)
TehsilCattleBuffalo
Goat
Sheep
CamelsPack
AnimalsAmer
98933
119661
73097
7470
236
109
Bassi
68898
79180
64346
5456
459
234
Chaksu
32520
58865
46991
17371
344
113
Chomu
93656
117505
55075
3090
147
151
Mauzamabad
43378
61379
66052
56477
78
236
Jaipur
43830
55213
21585
4727
145
181
Jamwa Ramgarh
37234
82043
1065804343
403
91
Kotputli
17166
149476
42465
12819
1108
578
Phagi
27577
55659
45881
30664
205
49
Phulera105144112764
177031
70574
964
408
Sanganer
35664
58839
28859
8366
291
160
Shahapura
20720
80077
63939
6653
393
174
Viratnagar
10221
42725
45193
1938
123
45
Total
634941
1073386
8370942299484896
2529
Source: District Statistical Abstract, 201663

Table 02: Tehsil wise percentage of Livestock in Jaipur district (2012)
CattleBuffalo
Goat
Sheep
CamelsPack
Animals
Amer
33.03
39.95
24.41
2.49
0.08
0.04
Bassi
31.52
36.23
29.44
2.50
0.20
0.11
Chaksu
20.82
37.69
30.08
11.12
0.22
0.07
Chomu
34.74
43.58
20.43
1.15
0.050.05
Mauzamabad
19.06
26.97
29.02
24.82
0.03
0.10
Jaipur
34.87
43.93
17.18
3.76
0.12
0.14
Jamwa Ramgarh
16.14
35.57
46.20
1.88
0.17
0.04
Kotputli
7.68
66.85
18.99
5.73
0.49
0.26
Phagi
17.23
34.78
28.67
19.16
0.13
0.03
Phulera
22.52
24.15
37.92
15.12
0.21
0.08
Sanganer
26.99
44.51
21.83
6.33
0.22
0.12
Shahapura
12.05
46.57
37.18
3.87
0.23
0.10
Viratnagar
10.20
42.62
45.09
1.93
0.12
0.04
Total
22.82
38.57
30.08
8.26
0.18
0.09

TehsilSource: Calculated from District Statistical Abstract, 2016

#12345678910111213

Table 03: Classification of Livestock Combination Regions in Jaipur districtby Weaver’s Method (Calculating value of δ)
TehsilLivestock Combination Region
Amer
B-C-G
Bassi
B-C-G
Chaksu
B-G-C
Chomu
B-C-G
Mauzamabad
G-B-S-C
JaipurB-C-G
Jamwa Ramgarh
G-B
Kotputli
B-G-C-S-Ca-P
Phagi
B-G-S-C
PhuleraG-B-C-S
Sanganer
B-C-G
Shahapura
B-G
Viratnagar
G-B

Source: Calculated from District Statistical Abstract, 2016

The study revealed that livestock combination region No.1(Goat- Buffalo, Buffalo-Goat)
was found in only three tehsils namely Jamwa Ramgarh, Shahpura and Viratnagar. However,there are six tehsils namely Aamer, Bassi, Chaksu, Chomu, Jaipur and Sanganer in which
livestock combination No. 2 (Buffalo-Cattle- Goat, Buffalo- Goat- Cattle) is found during the year
2012. Livestock combination No. 3(Goat- Buffalo-Sheep- Cattle, Buffalo- Goat-Sheep-Cattle,Goat-Buffalo-Cattle-Sheep) was observed in three tehsils viz. Mauzamabad, Phagi and Phulera.
During the year 2012 the livestock combination No. 4 (Buffalo- Goat-Cattle-Sheep-Camel- PackAnimal) was found only in one tehsil namely Kotputli. Distribution of tehsil wise livestock
combination regions are given in table 3.
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