䖬懂 / CONTENTS娮䣉

i䧪Ჾ⛲㧟濣傸㼡䕂ᵸ⸠䛒䤴凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀㥩妧 / 晚ℰ䤽

3

An Overview of Prehistoric Human Figure Motifs in Taiwan / Kwang-tzuu ChenⰑẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶ / ⏟滂唱33

Ang-a: A Mode Where Taiwanese People Projects Humanity / Teri J. Silvio䧪ᵊ⛲㧟濣仁⊢₸◝䕂ᵸ⸠䛒䤴俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶 / 㰟デ墼⑳

53

The Human Face Motif Remains Excavated in Hyogo / Nagae Hirokazu∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾 / ⽳嗋㷬晭

83

Preliminary Analysis of Replica Experiment on Prehistoric Haniwa/ Goto Kiyotaka䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶ / 㜵㼉潴

129

Human Figures of Bangudae Petroglyphs / Hanyong Lee

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉ / 㜘㭊⮃ 159
A Preliminary Study on Human Face and Figure Motif Utensils Excavatedfrom Blihun Hanben Archaeological Site / Cheng-yi Chu䧪᳇⛲㧟濣ᵸ⸠䕂㑅⇔⿍乧凡䁊㯸ι凮ῈỗḔ䙫ạ⽉姊㝷 / 㝾併⮠209

Human Figures in Folk Cultures and Beliefs in Taiwan / Mei-rong Lin佱妹Ềạ˚ạ❲⛽㠯凮晝壤ạ⁝ - 嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶䙫˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦⎱⅝婕憲 / 㤱㔦峉223

Goat Horn Celestial, Human Patterns and Ceramic Dolls - Cultural Interpretationsof Human Figure Culture in Tao People / Cheng-hsien Yang⎆ἶ㯸㖶䥅婘凮嗄堺≜ὃ - ⾅ⷛ㠣总⣽ Pakedavai 䟚㝦ⰲạ⽉
暼∢媮嵞 / 䍲㘘⾪Indigenous Mythology and Artistic Storytelling - Talking about the
Humanoid Sculpture in the Pakedavai Slate House / Yu-hsin Wang

239

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2022 㑮⇕Ⳁ◉教仁⊢妔➅ᵸ⸠㑅⇔㉠䤴娮䣉㔀摑
09:30-10:00
10:00-10:10

10:10-10:15

10:15-10:55

10:55-11:35
11:35-11:45
11:45-13:30

13:30-13:35

13:35-13:55

13:55-14:15

14:15-14:35

14:35-14:55

14:55-15:05
15:05-15:25

仁⊢妔➅濣111 ⴲ 5 㗆 6 㒣⠘∗敲⸼⻶䧪Ჾ⛲㧟濣傸㼡䕂ᵸ⸠䛒䤴⻼姧 ⋱⪄⪝ 晉敞⛲䪲㔬⮕⍁䉐晉嬂 栳 ᷧ 傸㼡◮⇾₸◝⊰ℋᵸ⸠㪋朊弸䐗㡀塾Ḣ 嬂 ạ 攱 䠔 䟻䩝ⓈḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧嬂 栳 ṳ ⫨ᶒ(Ang-a)濣Ჾỉ傸㼡ㅓ⫂ᵸ⻥䕂㣟ⷍḢ 嬂 ạ ⊶涙合 䟻䩝ⓈḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧䶃⏯姵媽⌯棷䧪ᵊ⛲㧟濣仁⊢₸◝䕂ᵸ⸠䛒䤴⻼姧 攱㗇孛 㕀㍯
⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟䳢嬂 栳 ᷰ 仁⊢₸◝䕂Ƽ″⵩ƽᴉ服Ḣ 嬂 ạ 㫶⾞垓⍊ 䟻䩝Ⓢ
㗌㜓⅜⺒上䪲俪⏋⍁䉐椏嬂 栳 ⛂ ⃛妔⊰ℋ⚲巨ᶽ垻⪤椕Ḣ 嬂 ạ ⹊咢㳃敄 䟻䩝Ⓢ㗌㜓⮕⳵上䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏嬂 栳 ṻ 䖢湚傸⭧䐩ᳫ䕂ᵸ⸠◔ᾍḢ 嬂 ạ 㘌㷠湋 椏敞枺⛲⅏尞⏙∴⍁䉐椏嬂 栳 ⅔ Blihun 㷠㗪仁⊢弸◾₸◝ᵸ映⊈ᵸ⸠㪋朊┦䄧⊈‴⿍㱳⃛㉠Ḣ 嬂 ạ 㗯㨡⩚ ⍁⣒
⺝⏋㕮≜
䶃⏯姵媽
Ỹざ
i

15:25-15:30

15:30-15:50

15:50-16:10

⻼䧪᳇⛲㧟濣ᵸ⸠䕂㑅⇔⿍乧姧 䉉搵劭 椏敞⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏

嬂 栳 ᷪ
Ḣ 嬂 ạ

傸㼡㫏ẕ僅ẟᶮᳫ䕂ᵸ⸠墡㙎㙕乌⩷ 䟻䩝ⓈḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧嬂 栳 ⅒么墐ᶗᵸƱᵸ♉◔㜆僅攴垻ᵸἴ-哫ⱺ弒⽝㒍䕂Ƽᵸ⸠㑅⇔ƽ⊈‴夬悉
㠈㏽宠 㕀㍯⛲䪲㝘取⤎⭟㯸㖶Ṳ⋀凮䙣ⰼ⭟䳢

Ḣ 嬂 ạ
嬂 栳 Ṅ

16:10-16:30

Ḣ 嬂 ạ≝ḍ㫏㒍䠜夯僅咛圑ℳḚ-⹜Ⲳ㛺弒⟔
Pakedavai 䚱㘽⬉ᵸ⸠斓⃹妅尵䉉㓯⺁ 㕀㍯⛲䪲㝘取⤎⭟⎆ἶ㯸㖶㧩刅凮嗄堺⭟⣒⭟ἴ⭟䧲
䶃⏯姵媽
妔➅䰎㘝

16:30-16:40
16:40

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2022 NEW TAIPEI CITY INTERNATIONALARCHAEOLOGY FORUMHUMAN IMAGE INANCIENTART
AgendaTIME

May 6, 2022

09:30-10:00

Registration

10:00-10:10

Opening Ceremony
Session I. Research on Human Figures in Taiwan

10:10-10:15

10:15-10:55

10:55-11:35

Moderator Director Mi-cha Wu,
National Palace Museum
Topic I
Overview of the Anthropomorphic Motif Remains
Excavated in Taiwan
Speaker
Research Fellow Kwang-tzuu Chen,
Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica
Topic II
Ang-a: A Mode Where Taiwanese People Projects Humanity
Speaker
Research Fellow Teri J. Silvio,
Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica

11:35-11:45

Discussion

11:45-13:30
Lunch
Session II. Study of Human Figures of Archaeological Excavations
13:30-13:35

13:35-13:55

13:55-14:15

14:15-14:35

14:35-14:55

14:55-15:05
15:05-15:25

Moderator Professor Yu-pei Chen,
Department of Anthropology, National Taiwan University
Topic IIIThe Human Face Motif Remains Excavated in Hyogo
Section Chief Nagae Hirokazu,
Speaker
Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Archaeology
Topic IV Preliminary Analysis of Replica Experiment on
Prehistoric Haniwa
Speaker
Section Chief Goto Kiyotaka,
Saitobaru Archaeological Museum of Miyazaki Prefecture
Topic V
Speaker

Human Figures of Bangudae Petroglyphs
Director Hanyong Lee,
Jeongok Prehistory Museum

Topic VI

A Preliminary Study on Human Face and Figure Motif
Utensils Excavated from Blihun Hanben Archaeological Site
Dr. Cheng-yi Chu,
Archaeo Cultures Co.,Ltd
Discussion

Speaker

Refreshments Breakiii

Session III. The Cultural Meaning of Human Figures
15:25-15:30

Moderator Director Chang-hua Wang,
National Museum of Prehistory
Topic VII

Human Figures in Folk Cultures and Beliefs in Taiwan

15:30-15:50 SpeakerResearch Fellow Mei-rong Lin,
Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica
Goat Horn Celestial, Human Patterns and Ceramic
Dolls - Cultural Interpretations of Human Figure
Culture in Tao People

Topic VIII
15:50-16:10

Speaker

Topic IX
16:10-16:30

16:30-16:40

Speaker

Professor Cheng-hsien Yang,
Department of Indigenous Affairs and Development,
National Dong Hwa University
Indigenous mythology and artistic storytelling Talking about the Humanoid Sculpture in the
Pakedavai Slate House
Professor Yu-hsin Wang,
Undergraduate Program of Indigenous Performanceand Arts, National Dong Hwa University
Discussion
Farewell

16:40

iv

䧪Ჾ⛲㧟
傸㼡䕂ᵸ⸠䛒䤴
Session I
Research on Human Figures in Taiwan
Ḣ㋨ạ

⋱⪄⪝

Moderator

Wu Mi-cha⛲䪲㔬⮕⍁䉐晉晉敞Director, National Palace Museum䛒䤴曖⚝凡䁊⏙˚㗌㜓徸Ị⏙

Areas of ResearchTaiwan history, History of modern Japan1

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凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀攱 䠔Chen Kwang-tzuuḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧䟻䩝ⓈResearch Fellow, Institute of History
and Philology, Academia Sinica



䛒䤴曖⚝
䦸㉧俪⏋⭟˚䦸㉧⏙Areas of ResearchArcheometry, History of science andtechnology34凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀傸㼡◮⇾₸◝⊰ℋᵸ⸠㪋朊弸䐗㡀塾攱䠔Ḕ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧䟻䩝Ⓢ㌖堿
䬭俬⌨⹛∴䟻䩝凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆朹扬♏Ə婴䟌⅝Ḕ惏Ụ恡䉐Ƌạ⽉扬㞫˚扬戛凮扬䒗ƌ凮⎆ἶ㯸ₚ᷽憸ⱓ♏䉐⽉∝桅ἣƏ⏖僤ὃ䂡⏙∴㘩㜆㛧㙁晵㮜恡䕀凮⎆ἶ㯸㖶䉐峑㕮⋽敺䙫⏖僤偖乒Ə䵍ṯ䉠∌旃㳏Əḍ㋨乳怙堳䟻䩝˛Ⰻ⅝㘖⇡✆䙫ạ⽉扬㞫⎱⅝ⷙ揤圼䄈⬿䙫搜⇪Ə凮㍹䁊˥ᷰ⯝˦Ḳᷧ䙫朹扬⇧䙫檿⺍桅⏳Əṳ俬✏⏙∴ạ例凮㍹䁊㖶⏖僤⏳⅞憴奨䙫䤥㛪ヶ侐Ə
俳✏䦸㉧惏凮㕄ạⷌὃ▕ἴ㔖⊐ᷲƏ怙堳ạ⽉扬㞫䟻䩝䙫⯯㛟⯒ὃƏḍ⛇Ḳ㛛㓛⤎⇭㝷凡䁊⏙∴㘩㜆⇡✆⸝ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀ƏⅣ⎱凡䁊䉠㛰䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥Ə晟乳怙堳ˣ凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⎱ₚ᷽ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏∄㭌䟻䩝ˤ⯯㛟˚ˡ凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆ạ⽉♏⎱⸝ạ⽉㮴栳恡䉐∄㭌䟻䩝ˢ凮ˡⅴ媽凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥ˢ⅐䮮媽㕮䙫㒗⯒Ə暽䄝⭳ㇷ⺍ⷙ总ṄㇷƏἭ⛇嫟䨕⎆⛇ƏⰁ㜑⭳ㇷ῕㽋䫆䨦˛⛇ㆰ㭋㬈⤎㛪Ḣ栳Ə㊤⎽㭋ᷰỤ怙堳Ḕ䙫㕮䨦Ḳ㥩奨⌖偁㭟坴匰ㇷ䟔䮮˛⇭Ⱈ晝♏˚䍰♏凮憸ⱓ♏ᷱ␯䏥䙫ạ⽉䳲棥恡䕀Ẳ䴠ƏỌ奲凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀⤎妧˛⭳㕛䙫⇡✆岮㖀˚䛟旃䙫姵媽凮⏖僤ヶ㶜䙫㎏㖞Ə⯮✏⏫㕮䨦⇡䈯∴⃿憶ṯỌ⭳╫˛䛟旃ヶ奲凮⻼䔏Əẍ䕝Ọ㭊⻶⇡䈯䙫媽
吾䂡ㅸ˛

5

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凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀Overview of the Anthropomorphic Motif
Remains Excavated in Taiwan
Chen Kwang-tzuu
Research Fellow, Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica

Abstract
The author studied the bronzes excavated in Taiwan ten years ago
and realized that some of the relics (brass knife handles in human figure,brass bells, and brass rings) are similar to the shapes of legacy metal
wares of indigenous people. There could be potential connections ofremains from the latest phase in pre-history and indigenous material
culture, so the author especially paid attention to it for further study. In
particular, the unearthed brass knife handles in human figure and ironblades that have been badly rusted highly resemble the bronze knife, oneof the three Paiwan treasures. The two kinds of artifacts could be sociallymeaningful to the same significant extent for pre-historic population andPaiwan people. With the support of the Ministry of Technology and hisorganization, the author went on to write a book focusing on brass knife
handles in human figure. On top of that, the author expanded his
research, analyzing the unearthed remains with human motif in the
pre-historic era as well as anthropomorphic/ zoomorphic jade ornaments.
Thus, the author has been working on a book A Preliminary Study on
Artifacts and Legacy Human Figure Brass Knife Handles and Iron Blades
Excavated in Taiwan, and two papers, A Preliminary Study on Human
Figure Vessels and Relics with Human Motif Excavated in Taiwan and
Further Study on Anthropomorphic/ Zoomorphic Jade Ornaments
Excavated in Taiwan. They have been 90% processed, but notaccomplished for some reasons.

7In response to the conference purpose, the author has outlined andintegrated three of those articles for an essay demonstrating the humanfigure decorations on the pottery, jade ware, and metalware. Accordingly,
the public can have a look at the remains with human motif excavated in
Taiwan. The author intends to perfect the comprehensive excavation data,associated discussions, and possible connotations before published. The
related comments and citations will also be subject to the formal
publications.

8凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀傸㼡◮⇾₸◝⊰ℋᵸ⸠㪋朊弸䐗㡀塾攱䠔Ḕ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧䟻䩝Ⓢ➷Ʊℋ墾䬭俬⌨⹛∴䟻䩝凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆朹扬♏Ə婴䟌⅝Ḕ惏Ụ恡䉐Ƌạ⽉扬㞫˚扬戛凮扬䒗ƌ凮⎆ἶ㯸ₚ᷽憸ⱓ♏䉐⽉∝桅ἣƏ⏖僤ὃ䂡⏙∴㘩㜆㛧㙁晵㮜恡䕀凮⎆ἶ㯸㖶䉐峑㕮⋽敺䙫⏖僤偖乒Ə䵍ṯ䉠∌旃㳏Əḍ㋨乳怙堳䟻䩝˛Ⰻ⅝㘖⇡✆䙫ạ⽉扬㞫⎱⅝ⷙ揤圼䄈⬿䙫搜⇪Ə凮㍹䁊˥ᷰ⯝˦Ḳᷧ䙫朹扬⇧䙫檿⺍桅⏳Əṳ俬✏⏙∴ạ例凮㍹䁊㖶⏖僤⏳⅞憴奨䙫䤥㛪ヶ侐Ə
俳✏䦸㉧惏凮㕄ạⷌὃ▕ἴ㔖⊐ᷲƏ怙堳ạ⽉扬㞫䟻䩝䙫⯯㛟⯒ὃƏḍ⛇Ḳ㛛㓛⤎⇭㝷凡䁊⏙∴㘩㜆⇡✆⸝ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀ƏⅣ⎱凡䁊䉠㛰䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥Ə晟乳怙堳ˣ凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⎱ₚ᷽ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏∄㭌䟻䩝ˤ⯯㛟˚ˡ凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆ạ⽉♏⎱⸝ạ⽉㮴栳恡䉐∄㭌䟻䩝ˢ凮ˡⅴ媽凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥ˢ⅐䮮媽㕮䙫㒗⯒Ə暽䄝⭳ㇷ⺍ⷙ总ṄㇷƏἭ⛇嫟䨕⎆⛇ƏⰁ㜑⭳ㇷ῕㽋䫆䨦˛⛇ㆰ㭋㬈⤎㛪Ḣ栳Ə㊤⎽㭋ᷰỤ怙堳Ḕ䙫㕮䨦Ḳ㥩奨⌖偁㭟坴Ə匰ㇷ䟔䮮˛⇭Ⱈ晝♏˚䍰♏凮憸ⱓ♏ᷱ␯䏥䙫ạ⽉䳲棥恡䕀Ẳ䴠ƏỌ奲凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀⤎妧˛⭳㕛䙫⇡✆岮㖀˚䛟旃䙫姵媽凮⏖僤ヶ㶜䙫㎏㖞Ə⯮✏⏫㕮䨦⇡䈯∴⃿憶ṯỌ⭳╫˛䛟旃ヶ奲凮⻼䔏Əẍ䕝Ọ㭊⻶⇡䈯䙫媽吾䂡ㅸ 1˛孱Ʊ⊰ℋ㔀㗝₸◝攴䚱┦᳈䕂ᵸ⸠㪋朊ạ⽉♏䉐ㇽạ⽉壄棥㮴栳䂡⏋ằḔ⣽ạ桅䉐峑㕮⋽凮䲥䥅㕮㗵Ḕ䙫憴奨K䴇Ə⅝⏖僤䙫⊆僤Ọ⎱✏婙䤥㛪䙫ヶ侐䴂丨⤁㨊Ə㛰䙫㘖䤽ℯㇽ䥅术Ḳ⅞屈ㇽ⁝₶Ə㛰䙫㘖㮻㓓⩍⥚䔆䔉ㇽ㭢⽳⛅㭟㮴檻䙫䄰䇷ㇽ晝䓼Ə㛰䙫㘖▕䳻䙫壄棥『K䴇Ə㛰䙫∮⏖僤⇡嫟ℹ䫌Ḳ㈲ㇽ㘩ạᷧ㘩凯嵞䙫㈙ὃ˛
1㭋䮮㕮⬾凮⛽₶岮㖀˚媽滅Ə䴼⤎惏⇭㐿㍮凑∴志䬭俬ᷰ䨕怙堳Ḕ䙫㕮䨦Ə⏫㕮䨦㭊⻶⇡䈯㘩墒㐿⇡Ḳ惏Ụᷴ㛪⎴俳弰⻼㭋㕮Ə⻼䔏媲ᾄ⏫㕮䂡ㅸƏ孧俬ẍ⋦Ọⅎ⮠憴⇡Ə娥字㭊⻶⇡䈯吾ὃ㛰凑ㇸ㉫奙Ḳ䕸˛9凡䁊⎆ἶ㯸㖶㛰ᷴ⯸㕮⋽䉐峑䂡ạ⽉♏䉐ㇽ⸝㛰ạ⽉壄棥㮴栳Ə⥩㍹
䁊㖶㜏䟚暼∢⤎憶㎈䔏䙫ạ⽉㮴栳Ə⥩⋾惏⹚➻⎆ἶ㯸䙫㜏㝦暼棥˛俪⏋⇡✆⸝ạ⽉䙫♏䉐凮壄棥㮴栳ẍ⾐ᷴ⯸Ə㛧㗐俬Ə⏖僤㘖㖗䟚♏㘩ỊḔ㜆姱⠿➻恡✧⇡✆䙫䕸ἣạ嶚⽉晝˥滵嶚˦凮䉂➻恡✧⇡✆䙫䕸ἣ昫⊇ạ栔⟭䳲䙫晝咲㭿䈮Ƌ⛽ 1ƌ˛⛽ 1˚姱⠿➻Ƌⷍƌ凮䉂➻恡✧Ƌ⏚ƌ⇡✆䙫䕸ἣạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀˛ⷍ㎈凑≰䚱㗳䬰Ƌ2008Ɲ140˚145ƌ˛⏚㎈凑嶀憸⊮˚捥ẍ凯Ƌ1992ƌ˛ᲾƱ㑮䚱┦㔀ᶡ㔘㗝₸◝⳴ᵸ⸠㪋朊䕂弸䐗濣㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆⇡✆䙫⸝ạ⽉㮴栳䙫晝峑恡䕀廪䂡㗵䢡˛✏⋾惏劄ⱘⲐƋ⣶湾劚Ə2004Ɲ210ƌ⇡✆㛰䕸ἣ⥚『䙫敞冩晝⁝ƞḔ惏⤎榓䑿恡✧ƋἼₚ❋˚≰Ⅎ䪸Ə2004Ɲpl. 455ƌ⇡✆㛰晝䓼⣽⢨㌶⠸⇡冰栗尷兛塏ガ䔆⊼䙫ạ杉ƞ柩㨲ẻƋⰯㅎ湾䬰Ə2011ƌ⇡✆晝䈮ᷱ㛰ạ栔⟭䳲Ə⏋✸ϑ⤎❑柩恡✧晝䈮ᷱ㛰䷁∢塏䏥ạ⽉䴇㎶Ƌ⛽ 2ƌ
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劄ⱘⲐ恡✧

⤎榓䑿恡✧

柩㨲ẻ恡✧

⏋✸ϑ⤎❑柩恡✧⛽ 2˚㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆⋾˚奦惏⇡✆䙫ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀Ə⇡嘼奲㜓㕮˛10凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀劘哕上⋾䫖㵞ⲟ晵✗䙫ⶡ柩恡✧䬓ᷧ✗滅凮⤎✸恡✧ᷰ噆✗滅ƏỌ⎱㔖ẅ⹙恡✧Ə✏劘Ⲉⱘ㕮⋽ⱋ㛥⇡✆㕟ờạ⽉晝⁝˛ⶡ柩⇡✆Ḳ晝ạ⁝栟惏Ọᷲ㭿⤘Əᷴ㍹晋㘖晝咲䳷柩Ƌ晚㛰岄Ə2009Ɲ
pl. 106ƌ
˛⤎✸⇡✆Ḳ晝ạ⁝Ƌ晚㛰岄Ə2009Ɲpl. 83ƌ⽉∝⌨⇭㎌徸劄ⱘⲐ恡✧⇡✆䙫ạ₶Əẍ䂡▕杉ạ₶Ə⛺栔䟔栟Ə⯓內䴗兗ƏἭ⏖僤䂡䔞『ạ₶˛㔖ẅ⹙恡✧✗塏㎈暭䙫ạ⽉晝⁝Ƌ≰䚱㗳Ə2012Ɲ⯨杉ƌ
Ə⽉屳∢≪⌨⇭㷬㙗Ə⣽⼜䙫㋂梏倚ᷲ䫖㛰䩦⬻Ə桖䄝⏖愴㈛倚棥˛栔柩凚栴栔㛰尵䷁䳲壄棥Ə㜑婚㘖栔棥ㇽ栔櫕ƞ栔柩㭊Ḕ㛰ᷧ㍹⛂ῲ⤎⯶ᷴ䬰䙫摤⬻Əㇽ
娘㘖䂡㎹ᷱ㞷䉐屈⾜侤棥Ḳ䔏ƏἭ⟡㜓岮㖀Ⰱ⽬⇱ⷪ˛⤎✸恡✧ᷰ噆✗滅ⶡ柩恡✧䬓ᷧ✗滅㔖ẅ⹙恡✧⛽ 3˚㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆劘哕✗⌧⇡✆䙫ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀Ə⇡嘼奲㜓㕮˛凡㝘✗⌧✏㭋ᷧ㘩㜆⇡✆Ḳạ⽉㮴栳⤁䂡✏晝♏ᷱ䙫ạ⽉⟭䳲Ə㛰䟚䈳㨲Ƌ㜵❋῕˚吰併䎴Ə2001Ɲ205ƌ˚惤嘔Ƌ湦憵Ə1955Ɲ135ƌ凮⌸⌾Ƌ⭲㕮喗˚怊䅎併Ə2004Ɲ63ƌ˛⏖僤㘖✏⏊䷊ㇽ㉿傐ᷲ㖠㛰ᷧ⑏ㇷ㍹䙫ạ栔⟭䳲棥Ə⅝ヶ侐Ⰱ曊䢡⮁ƞ怀Ẃạ栔⟭䳲棥⇡✆ⱋἴⱓ㖣⌸⌾㕮⋽ㇽ⅝⏳㘩Ị✗ⱋ˛㭋⣽Ə⌸⌾恡✧⌸⌾㕮⋽ⱋẍ⇡✆㛰晝ạ⁝㭿ờƋ⭲㕮喗˚怊䅎併Ə2004Ɲ103ƌἭ⊆僤ᷴ㗵ƞ俳惤嘔恡✧ẍ⇡㛰晝ạ⁝˛晋㭋Ḳ⣽Ə湹溆㕮⋽恡✧Ṇ⇡✆⯸㕟䕌⸝ạ⽉屈䙫⷏䟚恡䕀˛11䟚䈳㨲恡✧惤嘔恡✧⌸⌾恡✧⛽ 4˚㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆凡㝘✗⌧⇡✆䙫ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀Ə⇡嘼奲㜓㕮˛ᵊƱ悏⬪┦㔀ᶡ₸◝⳴ᵸ⸠㪋朊䕂弸䐗濣怙⅌憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƏ⇡✆⸝ạ⽉㮴栳䙫恡䕀⤎䂡⢅⊇˛Ọ⋾惏⌨ᷰ堳恡✧凮㝘⌾惏凱榀嘔恡✧㕟憶㛧⤁˛⌨ᷰ堳恡✧晋 11 ờạ⽉扬㞫⣽Ə⸝ạ⽉㮴栳䙫晝峑恡䉐⽉∝⤁㨊Ƌ⛽ 5ƌƏ㛰䙫䂡⣽⢨㌶⠸⇡ạ杉Ə㛰䙫䂡晝⮠♏
傐惏ㇽ⏊䷊惏ἴ䙫昫⊇⟭棥ㇽ晝咲䳷Ƌ凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳Ə2001Ɲ60ƌƏ㛰䙫䂡♏⢨ᷱ怊乳⢺⍗䙫ạ⽉䳲棥Ƌ凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳Ə2001Ɲ50ƌ
ƏṆ㛰䍏䪲䙫
ạ⽉暼⠸˛ᷧờ咲䳷ᷱ䙫ạ栔棥Ə⽉屳凮ạ⽉扬㞫⌨⇭㎌徸Ə䂡⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆晝峑ạ⽉♏凮憸ⱓạ⽉♏塏䏥梏㠣㛧䂡䛟徸俬Ƌ⛽ 5 ⏚ 2ƌ˛⛽ 5˚⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆⸝ạ⽉㮴栳晝峑恡䉐˛ⷍᷧ凮ṳƝ⻼凑凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳Ƌ2001Ɲ59-60ƌƞ⏚ṳƝ㎈凑䞦㵞剖Ƌ2001Ɲ22ƌƞ⏚ᷧƝ⻼凑㤱␂⯍Ƌ1961ƌ˛⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆ạ杉晝伷Ƌ⛽ 6 ⷍƌ㘖⅝Ḕ㥜䂡䉠㭱䙫ᷧờ恡䉐˛兠惏䙫ạ杉Ọ晝✆㌶⠸⇡䩨⇡♏⢨䙫㋂梏⅐倚˚ᷧ⬾䛰僱˚檿做䙫漢㧸凮㈯⇡䙫ᷲⷛƏ⏍Ọ∢≪㖠⻶塏䏥⇡⅐㜶䜣凮啫⓮⾕⼜䙫⏊惏Ə䛰僱ᷱ㛰䟔∢≪Ə⅐倚ᷱ凮䛰敺✮㛰⛯滅壄棥ƞ㕛檻塏ガ⭰嫷俳⎯偬䨭˛壤ὃⷌ嗄丨壮Əạ杉ṻ⭿㮻ὲ凮䛟⯴ἴ何䲥㹽Ə⇡✆㖣⡺呓ḔƏ⽉∝䂡䛕∴凡䁊俪⏋楽奲Ə

12凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀⏖僤㛰∌㖣ᷧ刓晝伷ὃ䂡㗌䔏♏䙫䔏忻˛桅ἣ⽉∝晝伷ẍ㛥㖣㶮㭍嘔恡✧ᷲ㕮⋽ⱋ⇡✆ƏἭḍ䄈ạ杉䳲棥˛晝ạ⁝䂡▕杉ạ₶Ƌ⛽ 6 Ḕ˚⏚ƌƏ兗Ọᷲ䄈⬿Əⷍ冩凑傐ᷲ㭿⤘Əⷍ倚㭿伡Ə⅝棿ṻ⭿塏䏥⭳㕛ƞ倚❩⤎᷻㛰䩦⬻Əᷲⷛ⯽䴗Ə櫕徕⾅栴栔久
凚栔惏⽳ᷱ㖠ㇷ䛋壠䊧Əㇽ娘ヶ㛰ⷪ咀佐˛⏚㈲檿凰凮⏚倚⏳檿Ə僟∴㛰
㗵桖䙫⅐ṚƏㆰ䂡⥚『˛⛽ 6˚⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆ạ杉晝伷凮晝ạ⁝˛ⷍƝ⻼凑凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳Ƌ2001Ɲ52ƌƞḔ⏚⻼凑凎㌖取Ƌ1995Ɲpl. 23ƌ˛✏⌾惏✗⌧Ə唍㝥㕮⋽ᷴ⯸恡✧㛥䙣䏥晝峑ạ⽉♏˛㗌㲢㘩㜆Ə⤎㸽⋾恡✧㛥墒㎈暭ᷧờἣ䂡⥚ạ⽉晝⁝Ƌ⛲⇭Ə1944ƌ
˛徸⹛✏䱓ẻⰥ恡✧唍㝥㕮⋽ⱋ⇡✆㛰 6 ờạ⽉晝⁝˛1 ờ䂡∢≪ạ杉䕌⼎䙫⛺⹚㝦Ƌ晚䶔戅Ə
2014bƌ
Ə㛰⏸ᷱ⼵㛙䙫䟔⼎⽉㷡㧤塏䏥⾕䫸䙫☛⓮Ƌ⛽ 7 ḔƌƏ㛰敞⤎㩉⛺
䙫漢⬷Ə塏䏥⇡㺸䨤ịạ䙣♘䙫㲨⑚ƏἭ㜑婚⅝⊆僤䂡Ἴ˛1 ờ䂡㌶⠸⇡㋂
梏⤎倚Ƌ⛽ 7 ⏚ƌ䕸ἣ䳷ㇽ㉱㈲㭿ờ䙫▕杉ạ₶Ƌ晚䶔戅Ə2014aƝ492ƌ˛

⤎㸽⋾恡✧

䱓ẻⰥ恡✧
⛽ 7˚唍㝥㕮⋽⇡✆⸝ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀˛ⷍƝ⻼凑⛲⇭Ƌ1944ƌ
˛ḔƝ⻼凑晚䶔戅Ƌ2014cƝ⯨杉ƌƞ⏚Ɲ⻼凑晚䶔戅Ƌ2014aƝ492ƌ˛

13

俳⌾䦸恡✧例䙫㐝㔸䙣㍿ƏṆ✏唍㝥㕮⋽杴⬷㜆⇡✆⤁ờ⸝ạ⽉㮴栳晝♏˛怺䈡恡✧杴⬷㜆⇡✆ạ杉晝⁝Ƌ凎㌖取䬰Ə2004Ɲ343ƌ
Ə1 ờἣ䂡
⭰䥌▃㧩Ḳ尷兛⥚⬷杉₶Ə1 ờ䂡䱾㨟䙫ℰ栔ạ₶Ƌ⛽ 8ƌƏ✮㭿俳䔏忻ᷴ㗵˛ᷰ㊘䫠恡✧杴⬷㜆⇡✆䙫㘖溶昫㖣晝⮠♏㉿傐ᷱ䙫⸝ạ杉晝䳷Ƌ凎㌖
取䬰Ə2004Ɲ343ƌ
˛ṻ敺⎄⌾恡✧⇡✆䙫㘖ạ⽉晝⁝㭿ờƋ⏳ᷱ⻼ƌ˛⌾䦸⛲⯶恡✧⇡✆䙫⏖僤㘖㞷䨕♏䉐ᷱ䙫䳷㉱Ə䂡⇟杉䙫⛺䛋Ə傳惏丕㝆ㇷ⛺㟘䊧檻Ƌ晚㛰岄Ə2005Ɲ110ƌ
˛䟚㨲恡✧⇡✆䙫∮廪䂡䕗₶Ə㚒⮁䂡ạ₶Ə䳢䵈岮㖀於⥩˛晋ṭ晝峑恡䕀Ḳ⣽Əạ⽉₶ㇽ䳲棥Ṇ⇡䏥㖣⌾䦸恡✧例⥩ᷰ㊘䫠Ƌ∢㛰ạ杉䳲䙫妹♏Ə奲凎㌖取䬰Ə2006Ɲ176ƌ凮ṻ敺⎄Ƌ∢≪㛰ᷱᷲ䛟䕱䙫ṳῲạ杉䳲湦妹⇧㞫Ə奲凎㌖取䬰Ə2006Ɲ279ƌᷧẂ㛰㩆㜷峑♏䉐ᷱ˛ᷱƝṻ敺⎄⌾
ᷲƝṻ敺⎄恡✧

怺䈡恡✧

ᷰ㊘䫠恡✧

ᷱƝ⌾䦸⛲⯶恡✧ᷲƝ䟚㨲恡✧⛽ 8˚⌾䦸恡✧例唍㝥㕮⋽ⱋ⇡✆⸝ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀˛⇡嘼奲㭊㕮˛

晋ṭỌ晝⁝˚昫ờ凮昫⊇⟭棥塏䏥ạ⽉₶⣽Ə㭋ᷧ㘩㜆ẍ㛰✏♏䉐塏杉∢≪ㇽ⢺⍗ạ⽉䳲棥俬˛∢≪⥩∴志⌾䦸恡✧例䙫妹♏Ə⏍㛰㥜⅞壄棥
ヶ⑚凮㕮⋽ヶ㶜䙫怊乳⢺⍗ạ⽉䳲棥Ə⽉ㇷ䍏䉠䙫壄棥梏㠣Əḍㇷ䂡徏嬿⻊⟆敺ạ例ṹ⊼偖乒䙫䢡嬰˛

14凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀㭋ᷧ桅❲ạ⽉㮴栳Ə㛧ℯ✏〭㘌⌱ⳝ䙫澃ⱘ恡✧Ƌ㜵ℰ⑏䬰Ə1985Ɲ
pl. 32-33ƌ墒䳧拫ƏἭ㘖⅝㕟憶Ἳ澃ⱘ恡✧⇡✆晝䈮㥜⯸Ə⽯⏖僤㘖Ὥ凑⣽✗䙫晝♏˛Ḳ⽳Ə✏ᷰ⑳㕮⋽嫟⤁恡✧⥩凱榀嘔Ƌ㜵❋῕Ə2015Ɲ80ƌ
˚ᷲ⤁剖Ƌ㜵❋῕Ə2009ƌ˚ⱘ㢼⯕Ƌ≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2002Ɲpl. 134ƌ˚ⷌὃ✗墒搸
∌⇡Əㇷ䂡ᷰ⑳㕮⋽䙫憴奨䉠⾜Əḍ㴨㒔㖣劘Ⲉⱘ凮嘔ⶣ Labalatz 䬰恡✧˛

澃ⱘ恡✧

凱榀嘔恡✧

ᷲ⤁剖恡✧

ⱘ㢼⯕恡✧

⛽ 9˚ᷰ⑳㕮⋽恡✧⇡✆⸝⢺⍗ạ⽉䳲晝♏˛⇡嘼奲㭊㕮˛凱榀嘔恡✧晋⇡✆怊乳⢺⍗ạ⽉䳲棥晝♏凮搫怇ạ⽉㞫䙫䟚䮫⣽Ə⏍⇡✆⤁ờ⸝ạ⽉㮴栳䙫晝˚䟚˚檏妹♏䉐Ƌ⛽ 10ƌ˛
㛰 15 ờ䂡⸝ạ杉㛰䩦⛺㟘檻晝棥Ə⤁䔘⅐ῲḍ⇾ㇷ♏Ƌ⛽ 10 ⷍƌƏ⭳⅏䛟ἣ䙫晝棥✏ⱘ㢼⯕ẍ㛰㈧奲˛1 ờ䂡湦幇檏暼ㇷ䙫⛂傉㛙Ỷ巑✗䄈栔壟檻⯶❲ạ₶Ƌ⛽ 10 ⏚ƌƏ⏖僤㘖暼⇡⥚『⽉屈䙫岣庒棥⒨˛⸝ạ⽉妹峑恡䉐㛰㕟ờƏ4 ờ䂡暼ㇷ䌀䍗檞檶栔䙫⯶❲⸝䩦檏峑⹚㝦Ƌ⛽ 10 ḔƌƏ⏖僤㘖ὃ䂡柬挱䙫㝦䏇ㇽḙ䏇䙫䷁㝦˛⛽ 10˚凱榀嘔恡✧⇡✆⸝ạ⽉㮴栳䙫晝Ƌⷍƌ凮檏妹♏䉐ƋḔ凮⏚ƌ˛ⷍƝ㜵❋῕Ƌ2015Ɲ122ƌ˛ḔƝ㜵❋῕Ƌ2014Ɲ133ƌ˛⏚Ɲ㜵❋῕Ƌ2014Ɲ142ƌ˛✏怙⅌㭞⏙㘩㜆ㇽ⎆ἶ㯸㖶㗐㜆䉐峑恡䕀Ə⸝ạ⽉㮴栳䙫♏䉐㛛㘖ⱌ奲ᷴ殕˛⥩㶮㭍嘔恡✧䙫♝䑑嘔凱䤥㜆⍚⇡✆⌨⇭尷⮳ƞ✏㗌㲢㘩㜆Əẍ㛰㍹䁊㖶✗⌧⇡✆䟚ạ₶凮劾㟾上⽳潴惰怺⍈㖖㖶㖗㸖凱䤥⇡✆⸝ạ⽉扬♏䙫⠘⯵Ə✏㭋ᷴⅴ峬志˛15᳇Ʊ䐣妔濣
凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆ạ⽉♏ㇽ⸝ạ⽉㮴栳恡䉐Ọ⋾惏姱⠿➻恡✧⇡✆㖗䟚♏
㘩ỊḔ㜆䙫㓓ạ嶚♏㛧㗐Ə⏖僤㘖滵嶚ㇽ桅ἣ⮠♏䙫嶚惏Əḍ杅ạ檻⅏庒₶䙫嶚惏㭿♏˛㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆Ə晝峑♏䉐ᷱ塏䏥⇡ạ⽉屈䙫⯍ὲ⤎⢅Ə晋ṭ∴志㌶⠸ạ嶚⣽Ə⇡䏥ᷴ⯸Ọạ栔ὃ䂡昫⊇⟭䳲岣棥㖣⏊䷊ㇽ栟㉿ᷲ䙫䊧㲨ƏṆ楽㬈⇡䏥凚⯸㘖⌱庒䙫ạ₶˛㭋ᷧ㘩㜆Ə✏㝘惏⌸⌾˚惤嘔Ọ⎱䟚䈳㨲恡✧惤⇡✆㛰Ọ桅ᷰ妹⽉ạ杉岣棥㖣⮠♏⏊䷊ㇽ㉿傐䙫晝䈮Ə⅝⽉⻶⭳⅏䛟⏳Ə䄈䕸ⱓ⏳ᷧ䨕晝♏ⷌ嗄Ə⏖㎷ᾂᷰ恡✧敺㕮⋽ṹ⊼䙫⇭㝷˛⏍⣽Ə㝘惏㵞ⲟ✗⌧䙣䏥䙫ᷧẂ⤎❲䟚ạ₶Ə⭟俬ᷧ刓⯮Ḳ㭟䂡㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆䙫湹溆㕮⋽ƞἭ㭋桅⤎❲⷏䟚恡䕀凮㕮⋽ⱋ䙫偖乒Ⰱ曧㗵䢡䙫嬰㓁˛怙⅌憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƏ塏䏥ạ桅⽉屈䙫恡䉐㜷峑䨕桅⢅⤁Ə晋ṭ晝♏Ḳ⣽Əạ⽉㮴栳Ṇ✏憸ⱓ˚䟚峑˚檏妹䉀峑恡䉐ᷱ⇡䏥Ə怀Ẃᷴ⏳㜷峑恡䉐ᷱ恫␯䏥⅘⏳䙫ạ桅⽉屈ㇽ㮴栳˛㭋ᷧ㘩㜆Ə晋ṭ凱⻶✏晝㉱˚咲䳷凮♏⢨ᷱ
岣棥㈲㲼⣽Əạ⽉㮴栳塏䏥䙫㖠⻶Ə␯䏥⤁㖠䙣ⰼ䙫䏥屈˛
俳㛛憴奨䙫䙣ⰼ㘖Ə㭋ᷧ㘩㜆⇡䏥䙫⸝ạ⽉㮴栳恡䉐Əᷧ㖠杉␯䏥䲥䢡⯒⯍䙫ạ杉⽉屳Ἥ␯䏥䙫ἴ何凮㮻ὲ䉠䕗Əᷧ㖠杉∢≪婮⼜䌀䍗䙫塏ガƏ䔁᷻㘖䌝⥩檸檶㨊屳Əἣḵ㛰ヶ✗Ọ㭋䨕㛰∌㖣⸟ạ⸟ㄲ⸟奶ạ⽉䙫㮴栳凮梏㠣Ə✏䉐峑㕮⋽ᷱ塏䏥⅝䲥䥅ⱋ杉䙫㞷Ẃペ₶ㇽιῈ˛⊁Ʊ㑮䚱┦㔀ᶡ㔘㗝㯿圊ᴉᵸ䈶⸠䉇枼凡䁊✗⌧㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆Ə✏㝘惏˚⋾惏凮⌾惏✗⌧㕟嘼恡✧Ə⇡䏥ᷧ䨕Ọ忶暼揋䩡䙫㖠⻶Ə暼∢⇡曀ạḍ䪲栔柩㛰䍟㩒巏䙫䍰♏Ƌ⛽ 11ƌ˛㭋䨕Ọ䎴岛㜷㖀敪䍰暼∢⇡ạ䍟⅘Ἓ⽉₶䙫♏䉐Ə✏凡䁊✗⌧楽奲Ə✏᷽䔳⅝ẽ✗㖠Ṇ㜑奲嫟⠘⯵Ə㘖䉠⾜㗵桖˚䧧⯸俳岛憴䙫♏䉐˛䜥⤁䟻䩝俬⏫
㛰ᷴ⏳䙫⑤⏴Ə㕄ạ䨘Ḳ䂡˥ạ䍟⽉䍰棥˦˛ᷴ姯㜑䵺⠘⯵䙫䦨ạ㔝営⒨Ə㠠㓁䏥㛰䙫岮㖀Ə⇡✆ạ䍟⽉䍰棥䙫恡✧Ḣ奨暭Ḕ✏㝘惏ƏἭ⋾惏⌨ᷰ堳˚⑳⹚ⳝ B˚劄ⱘⲐ恡✧Ṇ⇡ƞ⌾惏∮16凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀⇡凑ᷰ⯝⟋凮 Chula 恡✧ƏḍỌ劄ⱘⲐ 14 ờ˚ḟⱘ 12 ờ䂡⤁Ə⅏惏凚⯸
㛰 45 ờ˛⇭ⱓ㖣⌸⌾㕮⋽˚湹溆㕮⋽˚劘Ⲉⱘ㕮⋽˚ḟⱘ㕮⋽˚⛺ⱘ㕮⋽˚⤎㸽㕮⋽䬰㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆㕮⋽ƏỌ⎱⌨ᷰ堳㕮⋽⇡✆䙫∴Ị⬸恡䕀⬿俬˛暽䄝㮶ờ䍰棥⏫㛰⯸娘孱䕗Əạ䍟⽉䍰棥䙫⟡㜓⽉∝䂡Ə∐䔏敞㖠⽉
䙫䈮㝦䊧䍰㖀ƏỌ忶暼揋䩡䙫㖠⻶Ə暼∢⇡㭊⎴⅐杉䛟⏳䙫曀ạ⯴䨘䙫ḍ⇾䪲₶Ə⅐ạ₶敺㛰䋠敞䙫伡丒Ə曀ạ栔柩ᷱ㩒巏㛰ᷧ⁛杉䍟₶Ə㕛檻⹚䴇䄈䳲˛ạ₶⌨⇭䰈䳫俳㠣⻶⋽Ə曀ạ⧦ㄲ䛟⏳Ə⛺栔䄈柬Ə⯓傐⤎䕌⹚䛛Ə杉惏㜑∢揋ṻ⭿Ə曊Ọ䢡婴䂡㭊杉ㇽ傳杉⽉屈ƞ僟惏⹚㝦㜑塏䏥⇡『⾜Ə㘖Ọẍ曊Ọ㋮⯍䂡䔞₶⥚₶˛座⹠䋠敞俳䴗Ə␯敞㖠⽉ㇽ⇠忶揈䊧ƞ䕌䘍䙫兗庒Ọᷧ㩒⏸晗䷁塏䤡ƞ⹚ㇽ䷐㖃傐Ə傐㈲敺妹弰ㇽ⼎弰Ə⅐㈲冩
ᷲ❩凚兗Ə㜑∢⇡㈲㋮Ə㘖Ọ䄈㲼䢡⮁⅝䂡㈲㎹兗˚㉝兗ㇽ何㖣兠惏ƞ⅐
党⎰敲䪲㖣ᷧ㩒㝦ㇽ⹚⏗ᷱƏ冄咲嘼㛰㩒⏸晗䷁塏䤡Ə惏Ụ♏䉐ạ₶兦惏塏䏥⇡岨嵞㛰⊂䙫偳偰ƞ⹚⏗ᷲㇽ㛰ṳῲ䛟⯴⅐嶚ἴ何˚ㇽ㛰ᷧῲἴ✏Ḕ敺Əㇽ⅏䄈⇟㦒ƋṚ䩨ƌ˛⛽ 11˚㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆㴨堳䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥˛Ọ Chula 恡✧ B1 䟚㝦㣡⇡✆䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥ƋChula-01ƌ䂡ὲ˛曀ạ栔₶ᷱ㖠㛰ᷧ⊼䉐㩒巏Ə䍟₶∴˚⽳傉し䕝曀ạ栔嘼Ə㛰Ọạ栔ὃ⅝㈲嶚ㇽạ䍟惏Ụ⅘檻Ḳヶ⑚ƞ䍟₶栔惏⣖⯍Ə⏸∴ㇽ⾕⏸ᷱƏ䟔倚ᷱ尵Ə⏊⾕⼜ƞ庒座傌⎁棤㻦俳ᷱ㋘Ə傌俳䟔䙫Ⱕ惏ᷱ俠Ə㕛檻㛰⥕徬年⊼䙫⤻榚ㄲ⋉˛䍟₶栔惏⽉屳⯶㛰ⷕ䕗Ə䍟栔柩惏ẍ⬿✏㘖␍㛰⻝἟⏸ᷱ䙫壄棥˚䫀䪲ᷧ⏳⽉⯶䍟䬰ⷕ䕗˛17㭋桅䍰棥⽉∝凮㮴栳暽䄝⤎⏳ƏἭ䍟₶䙫⽉屳˚䍟₶栔ᷱ㘖␍⏍㛰⯶䍟壄棥˚ạ₶嶚ᷲ⹚凡ᷲḲ⇟㦒䙫㕟憶䬰Ẵ⯶㛰ⷕ䕗˛㈧䟌㨀㜓ḔƏ嶚ᷲ⹚凡Ḳᷲ䙫⇟㦒ㇽ㛰 1˚2 ㇽ⅏䄈Əḍᷴᷧ凛Ə⅝⽉䊧ṆᷴᷧƏ曊Ọ嬰ㇷ⅝
㛰ᷧ凛ㇽ⯍暂䙫⊆僤˛䍟₶㈧㬙塏总䙫⊼䉐Ə⇭∌㛰屺䦸⊼䉐˚⅓湦ㇽ屓Ḳ媑˛⎢晋䍟栔ᷱ⻝἟⏸ᷱ俳敲ⰼ䙫壄棥Ə㈧㛰䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥䙫䍟₶栔惏
惤⅞㛰⅘⏳䙫䉠⾜Ə㛧㎌徸㭋⽉䊧凮⊼ὃ䙫⊼䉐䨕桅䕝ⱓ屺䦸⊼䉐ㇽ䊾Ə⎯Ọ䊾䙫⏖僤『䂡⤎˛⯸㕟㭋桅♏暽䄝䂡▕ạ₶ƏἭ⾅⅝栔ᷱ䙫⌱庒䍟⽉凮恱䷊䣏柭Ə⏖Ọ䛲⇡㘖㭿♏῕㕛˛▕ạ₶€㛰⌸⌾恡✧⇡✆ᷧờ䎍䊧ạ栔▕ạ₶䍰棥˛Ọ㭋䴗ṯ⇭桅Ə㛰Ḣ㴨䙫曀ạ₶ I ❲凮▕ạ₶ II ❲˛I ❲⎯⏖ᾄ䍟栔ᷱ㘖␍㛰⤁棿䙫壄棥Ə⇭䂡⯒⯍䙫 A ⻶凮⸝㛰⯶䍟ƋIB1ƌㇽ壄棥ƋIB2ƌㇽ⛽㠯⋽ƋIB3ƌ䙫 B ⻶⅐⻶˛
IA

IB1

IB2

IB3

II

ZSY-09

BN-03

䄈⇟㦒
BN-02

ᷧ⇟㦒
BN-01

ṳ⇟㦒
WS-07

WS-01

ZSY-0118

Chula-02凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀

䍰棥

㚒⮁俬

IA
BN-01
BN-02
STP-01
WS-04
WS-07
WS-09?
ZSY-10

IB1
WS-01
WS-02
WS-03
WS-05
WS-06
WS-11

IB2
IB3
ZSY-01ZSY-09ZSY-02?
SBP-01ZSY-06?
Chula-02
SPB-01( ῕ 㕛㭿♏)SSH-01?

Gk-01˚ZSY-07˚hula-01

II
BN-03
GK-02
SBP-01?

⛽ 12˚ạ䍟⽉䍰棥䙫桅❲Ə⏫⛽⇡嘼⏍奲䬭俬㜑⭳䨦˛ạ䍟⽉䍰倚棥㴨堳䙫㘩敺⽯䟔ƏἭᷧ䵺⇡䏥Ə⍚䂡ㇷ䆆⭳╫䙫㨀㹽⽉∝Əḍ㜑㛰廪⤎䙫梏㠣孱䕗䏥屈Ə᷻䛕∴ḍ㜑䙣䏥⅝㻻孱∴⽳怵䧲Ḕ䙫㗵䢡♏䉐˛㭋桅䍰棥䙫ạ₶䛲ἣ䰈▕⯴䨘ƏἭ⬿✏嫟⤁㖣ᷴ敞䙫敞⺍ⅎ弰㉿䙫⣽⽉Ə⥩㭋Ⱟ㛙䜥⤁杅䛛䷁䙫⣽⽉凮揋䩡Ə⯴㖣㥜䂡⟬枳䙫䍰㖀Ə⅝ⷌ
嗄曊⺍凮㈧曧䙫壤ὃ㘩䧲⏖僤㘖䛕∴凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏫䨕䍰棥Ḕ㛧䂡剘曊䙫˛㛰惏Ụ⭟俬婴䂡ạ䍟⽉䍰棥Ị塏䤽ℯ⽉屈˚⛽樗♏䉐˚䥔䤧䔏㲼♏ㇽ
⅝ẽ⭾㕀ヶ㶜Ƌ⭲㕮喗˚怊䅎併Ə1984ƞ⏋㖠Ə1996ƞ≰⛲䥌Ə2000ƌƞ䍟嶚孱ㇷạ栔Ə桖䤡䍟䂡ạ䤽Ḳₚ㉦旃ᾩƋ吰併䎴˚溪⛲ぐƏ2014濒Ʋạ䉐
⽉屈ὃ䂡≜ὃ䴇㜷ㇽ䳲棥㮴栳Ə✏⏋ằḔ⣽⤁嘼俪⏋恡✧ᷴḶ⅝ὲƏἭ奨✏€⬿⽉屈凮⾕⼘䙫䳢䵈旃ᾩƏ⾐⎆㭋桅⽉屈ㇽ㮴栳✏⅝䤥㛪䙫ヶ侐Ə⌨⇭⛗曊˛⾅䛕∴⅞㛰廪㷬㥁⇡✆䳢䵈岮姱䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥∋㖞Ə怀Ẃ䍰棥䄈䕸惤⇡䏥✏⡺呓Ḕㇽ凮⡺呓䛟旃Əḍ᷻⤁✏⡺Ḣ栔⁛Ə⅝⊆僤Ḳᷧὃ䂡壄
棥⒨㘖傖⮁䄈䕸˛晋㭋Ḳ⣽Ə㭋䍰棥∢⇡㗵䢡ạ˚䍟⽉屈Əạ凮䍟⅘㛰惏Ụ庒檻Ə⥩㭋⭳⦌䙫⛽₶娔姯Ə凑ᷴ僤⽸Ọ䄈㈧㕮⋽⮺㶜㎑何Ƣạ䍟⽉䍰棥⽉∝䂡䍟ḿạ俳杅ạḿ䍟Ə凮ⷒ幢ḿ䍟⽉Ἓᾝ⌮⤐Əㇽˣⱘ㵞䵺ˤ⤎匹㝘奦⌾⋾䵺✮奲Ḳ⅐倚⁛䏌嚮Ḳạ楽䍟庒䥅ƏỌ嚮㺄态⤐✗䙫⽉屈憴滅䧴䕗˛俳䍟₶⅞㛰⥕徬年⊼Ḳ⧦ƏṆᷴ⏖僤㘖⏙∴䍜ạ䍜䍙䙫䔆㭢ᷴ䟌䄈㈧㎀㈵䙫憵䍟˛愀ヶỌ䂡Ə㭋曀ạㇽ⏖僤㘖⤒⩍Əṳạ栔柩⅘㛰
ᷧ䍟⽉ḍ⏫⽾⅝檻Ḳ⌱Ə塏䏥䍟凮ạ敺䙫妑⮭Ἓᾝ旃ᾩ˛㘖␍⏖僤㘖ᷴ⯸㍹䁊⏊ₚƏ䊾⯲⽾㖗䤥✧䙫≜䤥ₚ媑㛰旃Ƣ19ᷴ⏳恡✧㈧⇡ạ䍟⽉䍰棥暽䄝⤎⯶˚⎁啫˚䴗惏⽉屈㛰Ẃⷕ䕗ƏἭ⽉∝˚㮻ὲ⤎惤䛟⏳Əㆰ婙㘖⏳ᷧ䨕㕮⋽〄䶔凮⏳ᷧ䨕ⷌ嗄㉧堺壤ὃ䙫♏䉐Əẍ⍚晋ṭ惏Ụ㗵桖䂡Ủ壤俳䴗䮧ⷙ⤘䙫♏䉐Ə凡䁊⏫✗⇡✆䙫ạ䍟⽉䎍㛰㥜⤎䙫⏖僤㘖Ὥ凑⏳ᷧ例ạƏ⅝ạ䍟䛟ἛỌ⎱惏Ụ⅘檻Ə䔁凚䍟✏ạᷱ䙫ヶ⿜Ə⏖僤惤㛰⎆Ὥ䤥㛪䙫㕮⋽⽘⬷˛Ἥạ䍟⽉䍰棥✏⤁䨕俪⏋⭟㕮⋽䤥
例Ḕ墒ὦ䔏Ə✏ₚ㒔䙫怵䧲ḔƏ⅝⎆⦲ヶ侐⥩Ἴ✏ᷴ⏳䙫㕮⋽ạ例墒㎌⎾˚㶜⋽凮㔠怇Ƣㇽ㘖媑Ə✏嫟⤁ᷴ⏳俪⏋㕮⋽柿⟆ⅎ䙫怀Ẃạ䍟⽉䍰棥䙫ὦ䔏俬㘖⏳ᷧ例ạƏ㘖⽾Ọὦ䔏ạ䍟⽉䍰棥䙫⎆惰檿晵ㇷⓈ✏凡䁊⏫✗䙫㴨㒔Ƣ㛰⹟㭿⬿䙫檻峑岮㖀㘖␍⏖僤姊䬻㭋ᷧ㖶例妑䷊䙫┶栳Ƣ佄Ʊ悏⬪┦㔀ᶡ傱䐴ᶡ䕂ᵸ⸠慃㚂拳⃁┦㗌㲢㘩㜆䙫ᷧẂ㯸㖶⭟媦㟌Ə㏔䤡ṭ凡䁊⌾惏㍹䁊㖶ᷴ⯸偁吤ῄ㛰䤽ₚ䙫朹扬⇧㞫Ə⅝䉠㭱䙫ạ⽉怇❲Ə凮⤎晟㝘⌾ẅ✗⌧㝘ⱘ㕮⋽䍏䉠䙫⸝
ạ⽉㞫朹扬䟔≴㛰Ẃ桅ἣƏ俪⏋⭟俬⛇俳⯮凡䁊扬♏㕮⋽Ḫ凚㍹䁊㖶䙫Ὥ㹷偖乒凚⅐〉⹛∴丨䛂䙣ⰼ䙫嵱⌾㝘ⱘ㕮⋽Ƌ湦憵Ə1930˚1946ƌ˛桅ἣ㍹䁊㖶䤽ₚ♏䉐⽉∝䙫朹扬⇧㞫Ə㗌㲢㘩㜆✏怺⍈㖖㖶㖗㸖凱䤥Ƌằ劾㟾上⽳潴惰㖗㯸憳ƌṆ㛥⇡✆Ə柷䤡㭋桅⸝ạ⽉扬♏䙫⇭ἯƏḍᷴᾞ昷㖣凡䁊⌾惏ƏṆḍ杅€⬿㖣㍹䁊㖶例䤥㛪˛徸ᷰ⌨⹛∴Ə⌨ᷰ堳恡✧怙堳㕟⭊䙫㐝㔸䙣㍿Ə⇡✆ 11 ờ⸝ạ⽉䙫扬㞫Ƌ凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳Ə2001Ɲ
76-85ƌƏ楽⺍㗵䢡✏✗ⱋḔ⇡✆凮凡䁊⎆ἶ㯸ₚ᷽⯝䉐桅ἣ䙫♏䉐Əḍ⯮
ạ⽉扬㞫㛰⇪♏䙫⇭Ἧ䮫⛴Ə㓛ⰼ∗ṭ⋾惏㵞ⲟ˛2004 ⹛ỌὭƏ凡䁊㝘⌾惏凱榀嘔恡✧⛇㵞ⲟᾜ圼墒䠛⣅俳怙堳㐝㔸䙣㍿Ə⇡✆ṭᷧ㉠凮檿㺒ⷌ嗄㛰旃䙫恡䕀Ə桖䤡䕝㘩ạ例✏婙恡✧㛥怙堳凮扬♏搫怇˚搜♏䔆䔉˚憸♏
䅻壤凮䎢䑪䛟旃䙫ⷌ嗄㴢⊼˛徸⹛Ὥ㼉㜓恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿Ə⇡✆ṭ⏖⠑㮻㓓䶃⏯凱榀嘔凮⌨ᷰ堳⅐恡✧䙫ⷌ㥔㴢⊼Ə凱榀嘔凮㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆搫怇凮㍹
䁊㖶ₚ᷽Ọ⎱⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆䙫ạ⽉扬㞫桅ἣ⽉∝♏䉐䙫䟚䮫Ə㎷䤡ṭṳ俬⏖僤㘖憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị䙫㭋桅♏䉐䔆䔉✗滅Əḍ᷻㙾䤡䕝㘩⬿✏ᷧῲỌ㝘⌾惏凮㝘惏䔆䔉ὃ✱䂡Ḕ⾪Ə偖乒凡䁊⋾惏㵞ⲟ˚⌾惏ⱘ✗˚Ọ⎱凡䁊奦⋾惏䙫ẋ㏂䶙䵈Ə尷⮳ṭ⏙∴㙁㜆ạ例ㇽⷌ嗄ẋ㴨䙫⛽₶˛20凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀㛰旃ạ⽉扬㞫䙫⏖姵媽杉⏸䛟䕝⤁Ə㭋䟔䮮€僤䰈志ᷧṳ⥩ᷲ˛ᲾƱᵸ⸠慃㚂拳⃁┦䕂⃄朜濣䶃⏯⇡✆凮ₚ᷽ạ⽉扬㞫♏岮㖀Ə㠠㓁ạ⽉扬㞫䙫Ⱑ⯟⤎⯶˚⅏庒ạ₶ㇽạ杉₶˚ạ₶⧦⋉˚栔棥凮⅝ẽ壄棥䬰䉠⾜Ə凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆凮ₚ᷽䙫ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏⏖Ọ⇭ㇷỌᷲ嫟❲⻶Ɲ⅏庒ạ₶䙫 I˚II˚
IA ⻶ƝḢ奨ạ₶栔㈛䔘怊乳⯶ạ䛟怊䴫ㇷ䙫栔ↇḲ⅏庒ạ₶˛IB ⻶ƝḢ奨ạ₶栔ᷱ䕱何⯶ạ栔ᷱḍỌ怊㟜䛟㎌䙫⅏庒ạ₶˛IC ⻶Ɲ曀嶚⎰敲⇭䪲䙫⅏庒ạ₶ƝIAa ẅ⻶

IB ⻶IC ⻶⛽ 13˚I ❲⏫⻶ạ⽉扬㞫˛⤎❲♏Ə栔柩㛰⤎❲ↇ棥䙫⅏庒ạ₶˛

IIA ⻶Ɲ栔柩⅐⁛壄棥暫曅⽉Ḳ⅏庒ạ₶Ɲ
IIB ⻶Ɲ栔柩⹚䄈棥䉐䙫⅏庒ạ₶Ɲ

IIA ⻶ạ⽉扬㞫

IIA ⻶ạ⽉扬㞫

IIB ⻶ạ⽉扬㞫

IIB ⻶ạ⽉扬㞫

⛽ 14˚II ❲⏫⻶ạ⽉扬㞫ƏḔ❲♏Ə栔柩⅐⁛㛰壄棥ㇽ⹚柩䙫⅏庒ạ₶˛
21

III

❲Ɲ栔柩棥㛰⤁ῲ⯶ạ栔䙫⅏庒䫀䪲ạ₶Ɲ

IIIA ⻶ƝḢ奨ạ₶栔柩㛰⤁ῲ䛟怊⯶ạ栔壄棥Əⱓ㖣⟡㜓⽉∝Ɲ
IIIB ⻶ƝḢ奨ạ₶栔柩⤁ῲ䛟怊⯶ạ栔壄棥Ḳᷱ⏍㛰⥩䁒䄗刓䙫壄棥Ɲ
IIIC ⻶ƝḢ奨ạ₶栔柩㛰⤁ῲ䛟怊⯶ạ栔壄棥ƏἭ庒座ⷙ䵺⛽㠯⋽Ɲ

⛽ 15˚III ❲ạ⽉扬㞫Ə⅏庒ạ₶Ə䂡Ḕ⯶❲♏˛⾅ⷍ凚⏚⇭∌䂡 IIIA˚IIIB 凮 IIIC˛

IV❲Ɲ€㛰ạ栔₶Ḳ扬㞫Ɲ

IVA ⻶Ɲ⯓栴⹚柩ạ栔₶Ɲ
IVB ⻶Ɲ栔柩壄棥⤁ῲ⯶ạ栔䙫ạ栔₶ƝIVC ⻶Ɲ♏㞫€㛰ạ栔ƝIVA ⻶

IVB ⻶Ə⾅ⷍ凚⏚⇭䂡 IVB1˚IVB2 凮 IVB3˛

IVC⛽ 16˚IV ❲ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏䙫ᷴ⏳⽉∝˛€㛰ạ栔Ə䂡⯶❲♏˛22凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀V❲Ɲ壮㕟ạ₶䕱何ㇽ⯴何❲Ɲ

VA ⻶Ɲ⅐䧴⯶ạ栔䕱何㖣Ḣ奨ạ₶栔柩Ɲ
VB ⻶Ɲ⅐ạ栔何㖣Ḣ奨ạ₶栔柩Ɲ

VA ⻶
VB ⻶
⛽ 17˚V ❲ạ⽉扬㞫Ə壮㕟ạ₶䕱何ㇽ⯴何˛䂡⯶❲♏˛VI❲Ɲ㞫楽柩䫖㛰ạ栔₶Ɲ

⛽ 18˚䏥⬿ VI ❲ạ⽉扬㞫˛ⷍ˚ḔƏ⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆Ə㎈凑凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳Ƌ2000Ɲ102ƌƞ⏚Ə㼉㜓恡✧䟚㝦㣡⇡✆Ə㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆Ə⺝⏋㕮≜⅓⏟㎷ᾂ˛

ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏桅❲⤁㨊Əᷴ⏳䳢䵘˚桅❲䙫㭋桅♏䉐⏖僤嗱営⅝ᷴ⏳Ὥ㹷䙫岮姱Ə勌僤⇭㝷ᷴ⏳偁吤⎆営㭋桅♏䉐䙫桅❲Ə䴷⏯⅝暼∢桅❲23Ḕ廪僤Ị塏⎆⦲䉐峑㕮⋽ⅎ⮠䙫䟚暼ⅎ㶜ƏỌ⎱ᷴ⏳惏吤ㇽ栔䛕⮝⏙Əㇽ
娘⏖Ọ憴㖗㎉䩝憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị⏫㕮⋽Ọ⎱昴凚䏥ằ惏吤敺䙫旃ᾩƢἭ㘖⎆ἶ㯸ₚ᷽䙫ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏⤎⤁ⷙ㴨㕊䂡⍁䉐椏ㇽ䦨ạ㔝営⒨Ə怀Ẃ㕊怟⇡⎆ὦ䔏僯䵈䙫♏䉐态⸟Ṇ⤘⎢⅝⎆⦲Ὥ㹷䙫䛟旃岮姱Ə曊Ọ忤䴉⅝⎆Ὥ䂡ⓑẂ㍹䁊㖶惏吤㈧㛰˛㭋⣽Ə⇡✆ạ⽉朹扬♏Ⰱ㛰䄈扵ᷴ僤䂡㞫Ḳ㝦䊧扬♏Ə⤁ⷙ㭿㏴Ə⎆♏⤎⯶曊Ọ䢡婴Ə⎆⦲⊆僤Ṇ⛇Ḳ曊Ọ⾐⎆˛⛽ 19˚䏥⬿扬峑⹚㝦䊧ạ₶˛ⷍᷧ˚ṳƏ劾㟾㖗㸖䤥⇡✆ƞ⏚ᷧƏ⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆Ə㎈凑凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳Ƌ2000Ɲ102ƌ˛ᵊƱᵸ⸠慃㚂拳⃁┦䕂㔀䤸⃄Ḇ濣
ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏✏凡䁊✗⌧㛧㗐⇡䏥㖣憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊḔ˚㙁㜆Ə⹛Ị⤎䳫✏巄ằ 1,000~1,500 ⹛敺Ə⇡䏥㖣⋾惏䙫⌨ᷰ堳˚㝘惏䙫㼉㜓ƏỌ⎱㝘⌾惏䙫凱榀嘔恡✧˛暽䄝䛕∴恫ᷴ僤⌨⇭傖⮁Əᷰ⑳㕮⋽䙫凱榀嘔恡✧⏖僤㘖怀桅♏䉐䙫䔆䔉凮⇭愴Ḕ⾪ḲᷧƏ俳㼉㜓⏖僤㘖⏍ᷧῲ⏳㘩㜆˥㴨⊼ⷌ⌇˦䙫偁暭✗˛⅐嘼恡✧⇡✆搫怇ạ⽉扬㞫䙫䟚䮫Ə⎯㛰䄰搜䙫僤⊂Ə⽯⏖僤Ⱈ✏㭋恡✧ㇽ⋬㋓愗徸䙫桅ἣ恡✧Əⷌ⌇搫怇ṭạ⽉扬㞫Ə䄰搜ḍ捂㈺ㇷ㛰抳搜⇪Əḍ⯮䴗敞䙫搜抳⾅扬㞫ⅎ惏䩦嵱Ə㛧⽳✏柩䫖⇡⏊⼵㉿㉊ἶ扬㞫Ə⾅俳壤ὃṭạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏˛䔘㖣凱榀嘔恡✧⇡✆ṭ⅐ờ嵱⌾Ḕ惏 Sa-Huynh 㕮⋽⅟❲䙫⸝ᷰ䩨嵞䙫 ling-ling-o 䎍Ƌ㜵❋῕Ə2007Ɲ78ƌƏ桖䤡凱榀嘔恡✧凮⤎晟㝘⌾ẅ㝘惏㲦㵞✗⌧㛰㈧偖乒Ə⛇㭋Əᷴ僤㍹晋怀䨕扬㞫搜⇪♏䙫䔆䔉㉧堺Ὥ凑⤎晟㝘⌾ẅ䙫⏖僤˛Ἥ㘖⤎晟㝘⌾ẅ✗⌧ḍ㜑⇡䏥凮凡䁊ạ⽉扬㞫ᷱ䙫ạ䉐ᷧ凛䙫⽉屈Ə㭋桅⇧≴㞫ᷱḲạ䉐怇❲Ə䕝⏍㛰㷜㹷˛24凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀俳䕝㘩壤ὃ䙫ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏⏖僤ὃ䂡岛憴┭⒨Ə忶怵㞷䨕㖠⻶Ə⾅㝘㵞ⲟ∗⋾㵞ⲟ䙫怲忨巖䷁Ə✏ᷴ⏳㕮⋽䙫㖶例敺㴨态Əḍ⏖僤怙⅌凡⋾䚭✗Ə⇡䏥㖣⛺ⱘ恡✧Ƌ⇡✆⯶ờ扬峑㭿泌☛ƌ˛ḍ⏖僤乳⽧奦㵞ⲟ⌾堳Ə✏劾㟾✗⌧䙫怺⍈㖖䤥㛪Ḕ⇡䏥˛凡䁊㝘⌾✗⌧䔆䔉䙫ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏Ə⏖僤㉦㒻ṭ⌾惏✗⌧㖶例䉠㭱⧨㜂♏䉐䙫曧奨Ə怙⅌䕝✗䤥㛪˛ㇽ娘㘖㍹䁊㖶ℯ㯸⯴㖣ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏
䙫䏭姊凮䏥ằ䄈䕗Ə⯮㭋桅♏䉐䕝ὃ䤽ℯ⮺术Ḳ䉐俳ỊỊ䛟ₚƏḍᷴ怙⅌⡺呓僯䵈Ə㈧Ọ✏凡䁊⌾惏䙫俪⏋僯䵈殕⯸⇡✆岮㖀˛⏖㘖⾅䏥㛰㭋桅♏
䉐䙫惏Ụ⽉∝˚㭿♏ⅴ∐䔏䙫㖠⻶ƏỌ⎱䢡㛰㍹䁊㖶⡺呓⇡✆ạ⽉扬㞫䙫ὲ⬷Ə桖䄝㭋桅♏䉐✏徸Ị⎆ἶ㯸㖶例䙫⯍暂⊆僤Ə䢡㛰ᷴ⏳姊憲䙫⏖僤『˛᳇Ʊᵸ⸠慃㚂拳⃁┦䕂⅝侻㕩墡濣ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏墒好ὃ㍹䁊㖶䙫䤽ₚᷰ⯝ḲᷧƏᷧ刓态⏴䂡朹扬⇧Ə
Ἥ⅝⯍㛰䛟䕝⤁䙫♏䉐⅝搜⇪⽉∝䂡䟔≴˛怵⎢㎉䩝㭋桅⇧≴䙫ₚ媑ㇽ⊆僤Əᷴ儒Ọ㍹䁊㖶⏊䡸䂡┖ᷧ䙫媑㲼˛䔘㖣桅ἣ♏䉐✏㍹䁊㖶⇭ⷪ䮫⛴Ọ⣽䙫㕟ῲ✗⌧⇡✆Ə孺ㇸῸ⽾Ọ巚儒ₚ䵘䟻䩝䙫㍹䁊㖶㠭㠭Ə⾅㛛⻊䙫好憵˚㛛⤁㕮⋽⌧⟆俪ㅕ˚Ọ⎱㛛⤁ᷴ⏳Ὥ㹷䙫䛟旃岮姱Əḍ㛰丘㘩昷姵媽䙫⏖僤˛晋ṭ㍹䁊㖶䙫⹥䨕⏊䡸Ḳ⣽Ə怵⎢⭟俬Ṇ㛥䵺⯴㖣㖗㸖凱䤥⇡✆䙫㭋桅㭿扬♏Ə㎷⇡⅝⊆僤䂡Ἴ䙫䛲㲼˛ự僤◰䟐婴䂡㭋桅♏䉐㘖怵⎢凡⋾✗⌧⹚➻㖶⁝₶Ὲỗ䙫恡䕀˛⛲⇭䛛ᷧƋ1949ƌ∮婴䂡㘖䂡ṭ˥㖤⑹堺
㘩ㇽⰼ䤡⧨术Ḳ曧䔏俳䦿営˦䙫ƞ憸⬷Ƌ1980ƌ∮婴䂡怀Ẃ扬♏㘖喐㻦ⷒ⸒䙫暏呓⒨˛㭋桅♏䉐䙫壤怇俬ㇽ娘凮㍹䁊㖶ℯ㯸㛰旃ƏἭ㘖⅝㛧∄䙫ὦ䔏俬⍢ḍᷴⰧ昷㖣䔆䔉Ḕ⾪䙫愗徸✗⸝˛㠠㓁䛕∴㈧䟌䙫俪⏋岮㖀Əạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏㛥墒怲忨∗恇✏⋾惏䙫⌨ᷰ堳㕮⋽ạ䤥㛪Ə✏婙䤥㛪䙫⎆⦲䔏忻䛕∴ḍᷴ㷬㥁ƏἭ㘖⏖Ọ傖⮁䙫Ə⤎惏⇭䙫ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏⏖僤暏吾㒨㛰俬䙫㭢ẈƏᷧ嵞儒曉䕝㘩䤥㛪㴨⊼䙫僯䵈Ə怙⅌墒↴䴷䙫䊧㲨˛ẍ⍚Ə⯴㖣⌨ᷰ堳㕮⋽ạ俳姧Əạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏㘖⏖Ọ墒⾅㭢俬⮝㖶㒨㛰䙫岈⮳Ḕ䧢⇡Ə俳᷻怀Ẃ暏呓䙫扬㞫Ə⅝⽉∝Ⱈ䏥Ị㍹䁊㖶䤥㛪俳姧Əㆰ婙Ṇ㘖憴奨俳⏖25

墒䛲憴䙫♏䉐␎˛䛕∴䄈㲼䢡䟌怀Ẃ暏呓ạ⽉扬㞫⡺呓⡺Ḣ䙫䛟旃岮姱Ə曊Ọ姵媽˛⏳㨊⾅㴨⊼䙫僯䵈怙⅌∗↴䴷ガ⡪䙫ὲ⬷Əẍ奲㖣㼉㜓恡✧䟚㝦㣡Ọ⎱俨ὂ恡✧㍹䁊㖶ℯ㯸⡺呓˛∴俬䙫䉐峑恡䕀凮㕮⋽妑䷊Ⰱ⽬䙣㍿俬⇱ἯƏἭ⾅⅝➲呓ὦ䔏䟚㝦㣡䂡呓⅞俳姧Əㆰ䕝凮⌨ᷰ堳㕮⋽㛰䕗˛ẍ⍚曉敲㭋桅♏䉐䙫䔆䔉✗滅Ə㭋桅♏䉐䙫㛧䴩㭟嘼Ə⏖Ọ㘖ᷴ⏳䙫ὦ䔏ạ例䙫⡺呓˛
⅝ヶ侐⏖僤凮㍹䁊㖶ₚ䵘䙫㥩⿜㛰䕗˛㭋⣽Ə俨ὂ恡✧ㆰ䄈䕸┶㘖ⱓ㖣㍹
䁊㖶ℯ㯸凱䤥Ə✏㭋凱䤥⮋ⅎ呓䙫䟚㝦㣡⇡✆ạ⽉扬㞫Ə⏖奲Ə⯴㖣㍹䁊
㖶俳姧Ə㭋桅ạ⽉扬㞫搜⇪♏Ṇ⏖Ọ怙⅌⡺呓䙫僯䵈˛⾅䛕∴⇭桅岮㖀Ə⏖Ọ⤎凛䛲⇡Ə⤎❲♏㞫䙫搜⇪惤㘖䟔≴Ə⯶❲扬㞫㈧愴䙫搜⇪Ə㛰⇧㛰≴Ə⇧∮⥩㍹䁊㖶䙫ⷒ⇧Əⱓ㖣⯶❲䙫⇧ƞ俨ὂ恡✧㈧⇡䙫䂡⯶❲扬㞫Ə㘖␍⅝㈧愴䙫搜⇪㨊⻶䂡⥚ⷒ㈧䔏䙫⯶⇧Əⱓ㖣⥚ⷒ䦨㛰Ƣᷴ⥩⤎❲♏㞫暏⸝吾⤎❲搜⇪Ə㘖ⱓ㖣栔䛕ῄ䮈䙫惏吤⅓䔉Ƣ⛇㭋Ə⏖Ọ暏㒨㛰俬㭢Ẉ俳暏呓Ƣ⏍ᷧῲᷴ⭳⅏䛟⏳䙫ὲ⬷Ə㘖⇡✆㖣劾㟾㖗㸖凱䤥䙫⹥ờ㭋桅㭿扬♏˛㠠㓁⮕㜓⻝ạƋ1949ƌ姿拫䕝✗怺⍈㖖ạ䙫⏊䡸Ə怀Ẃ扬♏⥩⏳㞷Ẃ㍹䁊
㖶⯴㭋桅ạ⽉扬㞫䙫ₚ媑ᷧ刓Ə㘖䤽ℯ䙫恡䉐ㇽ⍚㘖䤽⅓Ƌtailau balakiƌƞ
Ἥ凮㍹䁊㖶ᷴ⏳䙫Ə怀Ẃ♏䉐怵⎢䢡⯍㘖凮㭢俬暏呓˛Ἥ㘖⏍ᷧ㖠杉Ə怀Ẃ墒暏呓䙫♏䉐䙫䔆⑤⏙ḍ㜑墒↴䴷Ə䤥㯸⏖Ọ䂡ṭ䤯䤧䦚䖬Ə俳⯮ⷙ䵺➲呓䙫㭋桅扬♏㋽⇡˛⏊䡸㱹㛰乣乳媑㗵墒憴㖗㋽⇡䙫㭋桅♏䉐✏⅝䤯䦚
⊆僤䴷㝆⽳⯮⥩Ἴ嘼䏭ƏἭ㭋ᷧ⹚➻怺⍈㖖㖶䙫⏊䡸Ə怺⇡ṭ婙㖶ℯ㯸凮㍹䁊㖶⯴㖣⏳桅♏䉐✏婙䤥㛪㈧⅞⊆僤䙫ᷴ⏳奲姊˛᷋Ʊ⫍䰎凡䁊✗⌧⤎凛✏㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㙁㜆敲⦲⇡䏥尷⮳䙫Ọạ⽉䂡㮴栳䙫恡䕀Ə暽䄝✏晝♏ᷱ廪䂡⸟奲᷻⽉⻶廪䂡⤁㨊ƏἭ䲥䷢䴗ὃ䙫ὃ⒨⌨⇭似奲Ə⤎⤁㘖䱾㨟ㇽ⏖僤暏ヶḲὃ˛Ἥ㘖✏㭋㘩㜆Ə⾅㝘⌾惏敲⦲Ə⇡䏥ᷧ䨕Ọ䎴岛᷻ᷴ㗺暼䐉䙫敪䍰䂡㜷㖀Ə壤ὃ⇡⏖僤㎶乑ₚ媑ㇽιῈヶ㶜䙫⧨㜂♏䉐Əḍ᷻ἣḵᷧ敲⦲⇡䏥Ⱈ㘖⌨⇭⭳㕛⛡⮁䙫⽉∝˛㭋ạ䍟⽉䍰棥⛇䂡䛕∴曊㗵䙫⎆⛇Ə䟔㜆ⅎ⏸⤁㖠㕊㒔Əḍ⏖僤✏䕝㘩⏫✗䙫䍰♏ὃ✱Ə⇡䏥Ủ壤
26凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀䙫堳䂡Ə惏Ụ⏖僤㜑㗵⅝嗱㶜䙫㖶例ₚ媑ㇽιῈƏ凛㛰Ẃ娘㨈Ủⷕ媋˛✏怙⅌憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị⽳Ə㭋桅䍰棥㜑奲壤ὃƏ⏑✏ᷧẂ憸ⱓ♏㘩Ịạ例Ḕ䕀ᷲ惏Ụ⛅㆝Əㇽㇷ䂡䕝㘩ạ㔝営䙫˥⏋告˦˛⛽ 20˚Ọạ⽉₶ὃ䂡Ḣ奨㮴栳䙫ⷌ㥔娔姯凰ὲⷍƝ⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆䙫ạ⽉扬㞫ƏḔƝᷰ⯝⟋恡✧⇡✆䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰棥Ƌ晚ᾱ䔞㎷ᾂƌƏ⏚Ɲ柭䚱⍁䉐椏㔝営㍹䁊㖶ạ⽉扬㞫搜䟔≴˛ạ䍟⽉䍰棥ạ₶䫀䪲㖣⹚凡ᷱ䙫⽉∝Ə㘖␍⏖僤䵍ṯ⅝⽳憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị⏳㨊㍳㏈⯯∐㉧堺ạ例㞷Ẃ㎷䤡Ə㎌⎾㭋⏋俨㙡ㅎƏ⾅俳✏壤ὃ憸ⱓ峑∐♏Ḳ㘩Ə㎈䔏ạ⽉䂡㞫䙫娔姯Ƌ⛽ 20ƌ
˛⥩㞃⌸⌾㕮⋽㙁㜆ㇽ⅝⽳Ịạ例⾅徸ⱘ⌧⟆恞∗㵞ⲟ✗⌧Ə㎌姟䕝㘩ᷧẂ⣽Ὥạ例ḍ敲⦲㍳㏈檿㺒ⷌ嗄㉧堺䙫㎏媽ㇷ䪲Ƌ⎪奲㜵❋῕˚吰併䎴Ə2017Ɲ36-38ƌƏ悊溣Ə㍳㎎㖗凯⤮⹢㉧堺Ə⽾Ọ䔆䔉廪嫟ₚ䵘䟚峑ⷌ⅞㛛
䂡㛰⊂㛰㔯䍮䙫憸ⱓⷌ⅞䙫凱榀嘔䲥勘晵ⱋƏ✏㒨㛰⯴ạ䍟⽉䍰棥䙫⏋俨姿㆝Əḍ敲⦲㍳㎎ḍ䔆䔉壤ὃ㖗㜷峑䙫♏䉐㘩Ə⊇ᷱạ⽉₶怀⅞㛰㕮⋽〄䶔凮䉠㭱ヶ㶜䙫K䴇Ə峍ṯ㖗㜷㖀㖗ⷌ⅞Ὲỗㇽ欻⊂Ƣ㭋ᷧ媑㲼Əㆰ婙Ṇᷴ㘖⤑怵おヶ䙫䍫ペ˛

27

⊁仁㑅䈹
⏋㖠
1996 ˡ凡䁊⏙∴㘩Ịạ䍟⽉䍰♏䙫䔏忻⑳⭾㕀ヶ侐ˢƏ
ˣ俪⏋ˤ1996(4)Ɲ
77-81˛Ἴₚ❋˚≰Ⅎ䪸
2004 ˣ⤎榓䑿恡✧俪⏋䙣㍿⠘␱ˤ˛岈⛿㲼ạ➻憳⟡䝊㕀憒晉⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凑䄝䦸⭟⍁䉐椏⟞堳˛⭲㕮喗˚怊䅎併
1984ˡ凡䁊⏙∴㘩Ịạ䍟⽉䍰䎍倚棥ˢƏˣ⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟俪⏋ạ桅⭟⇱ˤ59Ɲ152-177˛⭲㕮喗˚怊䅎併⎆吾Ə怊䅎併弖ㇷ
2004 ˣ⌸⌾俪⏋䙣㍿ 1980~1982—恡✧㥩㲨˚⟭䨴ⱋ㬈⎱䔆㴢ⱋ⇡✆恡䉐⇭㝷ˤ˛凡⋾ⷩƝ⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟⇡䈯Ḕ⾪˛㜵ℰ⑏
1985 ˣ⢥ᷨ⛲⮝⅓⛹俪⏋媦㟌⠘␱ˤ˛ⅎ㔦惏䇆⻡余⢥ᷨ⛲⮝⅓⛹䮈䏭嘼⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟䳢⟞堳˛㜵❋῕2005 ˣ凡㝘上凱榀嘔恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿姯䕒㜆㜒⠘␱ˤ˛凡㝘上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏⟞堳˛
2007 ˣ凡㝘上凱榀嘔恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿姯䕒䬓ṳ㜆姯䕒㜆㜒⠘␱ˤ˛凡㝘上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏⟞堳˛
2009 ˡᷲ⤁剖恡✧⇡✆晝♏ᷱ䙫ạ⽉⍗䳲ˢƏˣ㕮⋽橂䫀ˤ25Ɲ38-41˛2014 ˣ凡㝘上凱榀嘔恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿⠘␱ II—䏥屈凮恡䉐ˤ˛凡㝘上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏⟞堳˛
2015 ˣ凡㝘上凱榀嘔恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿⠘␱ III—㕮⋽ⱋ䙫晝峑㨀㜓ˤ˛凡㝘上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏⟞堳˛㜵❋῕˚吰併䎴
2001

ˣ凡㝘上⏙⏙∴䮮ˤ˛凡㝘ⷩƝ凡㝘上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ˛

2017 ˣ⤘吤䙫㕮㗵Ɲ⾅凱榀嘔俪⏋恡✧䛲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽䙣ⰼ庳巈ˤ˛凡㝘ⷩƝ凡㝘上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ˛28凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀Ⱟㅎ湾˚≰Ⅎ䪸˚嶀╆㗵˚䳧䦸⭰˚斢䎙总ƋⰯㅎ湾䬰ƌ2011 ˡḔ凯⤎⭟柩㨲ẻ恡✧婍㍿⠘␱ˢ
˛
˥2010 ⹛⏗䁊俪⏋ⷌὃ㛪⠘˦㛪字媽㕮Ə凡㝘ⷩƝ⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏Ḣ徍Ə5 㛯 30 㗌˛憸⬷;π΁
1980 ˡ䤽ℯ͆恡䔉ˢƏˣ㗌㜓㯸㖶㕮⋽̵̀͆⑏恱ˤƏ柨 665-737˛ⱘ⏊上Ɲ㖗㗌㜓㕀備⛽㛟㠑⻶㛪䤥˛⣶湾劚Ḣ䷏2004 ˣ䛎溪䦧勘⥚⣒㌷峯䛎挒㳉ℯ䔆㔝営俪⏋㨀㜓⛽拫ˤ˛凡㝘ⷩƝ⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏˛⮕㜓⻝ạ1949 ˡ凡䁊㖗䫠ⷅ͆㖗㸖䆆唪惏吤ˢƏˣ㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝ˤ14(2)Ɲ78-79˛湦憵⿇暫1930 ˡ凡䁊唪㖶̓朹扬♏㘩Ị⬿̳̯̣ˢƏˣạ桅⭟曃婳ˤ45(6)Ɲ242-245˛1946ˡΧͺυω㖶⏋Ịₚ㉦͆朹扬㞫昫䟔≴Ɛ凡䁊̓㖣̩ͣΟωΓω㕮⋽͆㳉⎱ˢƏˣ㝘⌾ẅ䴗ẅ㯸㖶⭟ℯ⏙⭟䟻䩝Ɲ䬓ᷧ⍞ˤƏ柨
198-214˛㝘ẓⷩƝ䟉ⳝ㛟㈦˛

1952ˡℯ⏙⭟͢͠奲̷ͣ㝘⌾ẅ䴗ẅ̓㖣̩ͣ凡䁊͆✗ἴ—凡䁊ℯ⏙⭟㥩妧ˢˣ㝘⌾ẅ䴗ẅ㯸㖶⭟ℯ⏙⭟䟻䩝Ɲ䬓ṳ⍞ˤƏƏ柨 89-186˛㝘ẓⷩƝ䟉ⳝ㛟㈦˛⭲㕮喗 [Ḕ孖]1955ˡ凡䁊俪⏋⭟㥩妧—凡䁊✏㝘⌾ẅℯ⏙⭟ᷱ䙫✗ἴˢƏˣ凡䁊俪⏋⭟㯸㖶⭟㥩妧ˤƏ柨 1-120˛凡Ḕ上Ɲ凡䁊䛨㕮䍢⦻Ⓢ㛪˛

⛲⇭䛛ᷧ
1944

ˡṳⱋ堳㺑⌾ⲟ㲚ㇷ㮜᷿ᷱ̓䙣奲̷̭ͤ✆⁝̼̜̓̾ˢƏˣ㯸ι凡䁊ˤ4(1)Ɲ18-19˛1949ˡ凡䁊⎆ἶ㯸㖶ⷌ嗄⛽孃Ƌ12ƌƝ扬⎱朹扬壤≴㞫ƐPaiwan 㖶㨀㜓凮ℯ⏙㨀㜓ˢƏˣ⅓媽⠘Ʉ凡䁊梏✆ˤ39Ə3 㛯 1 㗌˛怊䅎併˚⭲㕮喗
1986

ˣ⌸⌾恡✧䙣㍿岮㖀㕛䏭⠘␱䬓ᷰ⍞Ɲ恡✧⟭䨴ⱋ㬈⎱㕮⋽ⱋ⇡✆恡䉐Ḳ⇭㝷䟻䩝ˤ˛㕀備惏⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟
䳢⟞堳˛

29

晚㛰岄
1991 ˣ劘哕上劘哕㺑⏊凚䦧⦸ⶹ㺑⏊昫徸㵞ⲟ恡✧Ḳ㮻廪䟻䩝ˤ˛⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟䟻䩝䢐⣒媽㕮˛
2002ˡ劘哕上劚⯕恡✧䙫媦㟌凮婍㍿ˢƏˣ⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟俪⏋ạ桅⭟⇱ˤ59Ɲ152-177˛

2005 ˣ⌾䦸⛲⯶⋾⁛✷榼㍹㰛㻖㴑㱇ⷌ䧲㕮⋽恡✧㐝㔸姯≪⠘␱㛟ˤ˛凡⌾上㔦⺃⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟䳢⟞堳˛
2008ˣ⌾䦸䉠⮁⌧⅓㻖 11 㻖㴑㱇ⷌ䧲⏙∴㕮⋽恡✧㐝㔸姯䕒㜆㜒 ⠘␱ˤ˛凡⌾上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟䳢⟞堳˛

2009 ˣ劘哕上ⶡ柩˚⤎✸恡✧媦㟌䟻䩝姯䕒ˤ˛劘哕上㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟䳢⟞堳˛晚侐ᷧ˚吰併䎴
1994

ˣ劘哕上⏗ 11 ䷁⅓巖㊺⯓ⷌ䧲⏙∴恡✧⽘柦媦㟌娼἗姯≪—䬓ᷧ⹛ⷌὃ⠘␱ˤ˛凡䁊䛨⅓巖Ⱗ䬓⛂⌧ⷌ䧲嘼⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏䰳₀嘼⟞堳˛晚䶔✮2014a ˣ⏗ 19 䔙䷁ 33K+980~38K+191 㮜䱓ẻⰥ恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿ⷌὃƝ䱓ẻⰥ恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿㜆㜒⠘␱Ə䬓ᷧ惏ỤƝ䙣㍿两媽ˤ˛ẋ态惏
⅓巖两Ⱗ䬓ṻ⌧棱孞ⷌ䧲嘼⦻姾姯䕒ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛2014b ˣ⏗ 19 䔙䷁ 33K+980~38K+191 㮜䱓ẻⰥ恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿ⷌὃƝ䱓ẻⰥ恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿㜆㜒⠘␱Ə䬓ṳ惏Ụ䬓ṳⅱƝT2 ㎉㺄⎱ TP㊤㨊✸✸⠘ˤ˛ẋ态惏⅓巖两Ⱗ䬓ṻ⌧棱孞ⷌ䧲嘼⦻姾姯䕒ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛
㤱␂⯍
1961

ˡ⏗⋾上⅒憳惰⌨ᷰ堳⎱⤎✳✸⅐⏙∴恡✧媦㟌⠘␱ˢƏˣ⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟俪⏋ạ桅⭟⇱ˤ17/18Ɲ45-70˛吰併䎴˚溪⛲ぐ2014ˡ椏営⌨ờ㕮䉐⯶㔬ṲƝạ䍟⽉䍰䎍˚㛰㧤䟚㢹凮⾞㯶㰛䉂⋽䟚ˢƏˣ䙣䏥Ɲ⏙∴椏曢⬷⠘ˤ275Ə5 㛯 15 㗌˛

30凡䁊✗⌧⇡✆⏙∴ạ⽉㮴栳恡䕀

≰䚱㗳
2012

ˣ劘哕上上⮁恡✧—吓㦕ϑ⹚㝾恡✧ⅎ㶜⎱䮫⛴媦㟌䟻䩝姯䕒ㇷ㞃⠘␱㛟ˤ˛劘哕上㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛≰䚱㗳˚晚ᾱ䔞˚栶⻞Ừ2002 ˣ⏗㝘上⏙∴恡✧ⅎ㶜㚏䮫⛴䟻䩝—⏗㝘⹚⎆Ọ⌾⎱嘔ⶣ✗⌧ˤ˛凡㝘上㔦⺃⦻姾姯䕒ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛≰䚱㗳˚捥ẍ凯˚栶⻞ỪƋ≰䚱㗳䬰ƌ
2008

ˣ㝘奦⏸⿒怆⅓巖⅒憳㖗⹾䷁⅒憳ṻ傈㮜ⷌ䧲⽘柦姱⠿➻恡✧䶱「俪⏋䙣㍿凮岮㖀㕛䏭⇭㝷姯䕒ˤ˛㖗ẅ⻡娔敲䙣傈Ụ㛰昷⅓⏟⦻姾姯䕒Əẋ态惏⏗䁊⌧⛲怺㖗⻡ⷌ䧲Ⱗ⇡䈯˛≰⛲䥌
2000 ˡ凡䁊⌸⌾㕮⋽䍰♏䕌媑ˢƏˣḔ⛲㕮䉐⠘ˤ10 㛯 8 㗌Ə䬓 3 䈯˛
凎㌖取1995 ˣ凡⋾上⅒憳惰⌨ᷰ堳恡✧㕮䉐晚⇾椏奶≪⠘␱ˤ˛凡⋾上㔦⺃
⦻姾ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛凎㌖取˚㜵⌈び˚㜘㭊⮃Ƌ凎㌖取䬰ƌ2004

ˣ凡⌾䦸⭟ⷌ㥔⛹⌧怺䈡恡✧㜑≪⅌ῄ⬿⌧惏⇭㐝㔸俪⏋姯≪㜆㜒⠘␱ˤ˛⌾惏䦸⭟ⷌ㥔⛹⌧䮈䏭Ⱗ⦻姾ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛2006

ˣℯ㯸ⱌ巈Ɲ⌾䦸俪⏋䙣䏥⯯弖ˤ˛㖗䇆ⷩƝ凡⌾上㔦⺃˛

凎㌖取˚吰併䎴
2000 ˣ凡斐✗⌧俪⏋恡✧Ɲ凡㝘上ˤ˛ⅎ㔦惏⦻姾姯䕒ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳
2000 ˣ䬓ṳ䴁⏋幆⌨ᷰ堳恡✧媦㟌䟻䩝⠘␱ˤ˛凡⋾上㔦⺃⦻姾ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛2001 ˣ⌨ᷰ堳恡✧㐝㔸凮∄㭌䟻䩝ˤ˛凡⋾上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛嶀憸⊮˚捥ẍ凯
1992 ˡ⽗⋽上⽗⋽ⷩ䉂➻恡✧媦㟌⠘␱ˢƏˣ䔗憵俪⏋ˤ3(2)Ɲ49-66˛

31

⎙Ọ⣖
2012

ˣ曙㝾⏋✸ϑ⤎❑柩恡✧⎾㸽ⱘ㰛⺒恞⻡怺巖姯䕒⽘柦ⷌ䧲∴俪⏋䙣㍿姯䕒䴷㠯⠘␱㛟ˤ˛曙㝾上㔦⺃㕮⋽嘼⦻姾姯䕒Əὂℰ⤎⭟㕮⋽岮䔉凮≜ヶ⭟䳢⟞堳˛

䞦㵞剖
2001

ˣạ杉晝伷䙫⮝ˤ˛凡⋾上Ɲ凡⋾上䪲⌨ᷰ堳⍁䉐椏˛32Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶⊶涙合Teri J. SilvioḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧䟻䩝Ⓢ
Research Fellow, Institute of
Ethnology, Academia Sinica䛒䤴曖⚝㴨堳㕮⋽凮⤎䜥⩹檻˚㬳ẻ㈙˚ⷪ塲㈙˚ạ⁝娔姯˚塏㻻䟻䩝˚㕮⋽䟻䩝˚『∌䟻䩝Areas of Research
Popular culture & media,
Taiwanese opera, Glove puppetry,
Character design, Performance,
Cultural studies, Gender and sexuality.

33

34

Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶⫨ᶒ(Ang-a)濣Ჾỉ傸㼡ㅓ⫂ᵸ⻥䕂㣟ⷍ⊶涙合Ḕ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧䟻䩝Ⓢ㌖堿
㜓㬈㻻嬂⯮Ẳ䴠˥⁝˦ㇽ˥ⰑẻƋang-aƌ˦怀ῲ取ạ㕮⋽䙫䉠㭱㥩⿜Ə怀Ẃ䥅₶˚㜏⁝˚⅓ẻ䬰ᷴ⏳⽉⻶䙫⅘⏳Ḳ嘼䂡ἼƢ˥⁝˦㘖ᷧ䨕⮠♏Ə僤⤇㎌⎾ạ㈧㉼⯫䙫术欩˚堳⊼⊂˚ヶ栿䬰˛忶怵⯴㖣˥⁝˦䙫⮁侐Ə㛰⊐㖣ㇸῸṭ姊㯸敺怺㕀䙫䥅倽妧˚ạ妧˚⑳䉐峑妧䬰杉⏸˛35

Ang-a: A Mode Where Taiwanese People
Projects Humanity
Teri J. Silvio
Research Fellow, Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica

Abstract
The talk will introduce “figures/ang-a”, a special concept in the
Chinese culture. What’s common among these deity statues, puppets,
and figures? Figures are containers that carry souls, mobility, and wills
projected by humans. By defining “figures”, we can better understandTaoist perspectives on holiness, human, and materiality.

36Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶

37

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Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶

39

40

Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶

41

42

Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶

43

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Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶

45

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Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶

47

48

Ⱁẻ(Ang-a)Ɲᷧῲ凡䁊㉼⯫ạ『䙫㨈⻶

49

50

䧪ᵊ⛲㧟
仁⊢₸◝䕂ᵸ⸠䛒䤴
Session II
Study of Human Figures of Archaeological
Excavations
Ḣ㋨ạ

攱㗇孛

Moderator

Chen Yu-pei⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟䳢㕀㍯
Professor, Department of Anthropology,
National Taiwan University䛒䤴曖⚝俪⏋⭟㕮⋽⏙˚凡䁊俪⏋⭟˚㝘ẅ俪⏋⭟Areas of Research
History of archaeological culture,
Taiwan archaeology, East Asian Archaeology

51

52

俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶



㫶⾞垓⍊
Nagae Hirokazu⅜⺒上䪲俪⏋⍁䉐椏䟻䩝Ⓢ
Section Chief, Hyogo Prefectural
Museum of Archaeology



䛒䤴曖⚝
⏗⠛˚晊ⰲ˚*,6˚➵惔Areas of Research
Daiba, Jinya, GIS, Castle

53

54

俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶仁⊢₸◝䕂Ƽ″⵩ƽᴉ服㫶⾞垓⍊
⅜⺒上䪲俪⏋⍁䉐椏䟻䩝Ⓢ㌖堿
Ḣ奨懄⯴⅜⺒上⾅乐㕮㘩Ị∗⼳䔆㘩Ị⇡✆䙫✆⁝Ə䴷⏯㕛ῲ㗌㜓例ⳝ䙫✆⁝䟻䩝Ə媑㗵Ẳ䴠✆⁝⇡✆䙫ガ㲨⑳恡✧Ḕ㭿䕀䙫䊧㲨˛

55

56

俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶₸◝ȆȎƼȡȶǵȃƽȝ朒㫶⾞垓⍊
⅜⺒䛳䪲俪⏋⍁䉐椏⭍侹㔖㏛媙Ḣ㟢堿㒦    Ḣ̯̀̾˚⅜⺒䛳̣͡⇡✆̷̯䷫㕮㘩Ị̣͡⼌䔆㘩Ị̣̩̓̾͆✆⁝̼̜̓̾˚⇾ⳝ⅏⟆͆✆⁝䟻䩝͆⊼⏸ͪ⊿㠯̯̤͂͡˚⇡✆䊝㲨͜恡䉐̓㭲ͣθΗϒΫͪ㤃姵ϑ䴠Ẳ̱ͣ˛

57

The Human Face Motif Remains Excavatedin Hyogo
Nagae Hirokazu
Section Chief, Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Archaeology

Abstract
The exhibition will focus on clay figures excavated from Hyogo
Prefecture from the Jomon to Yayoi periods, taking into consideration thetrends in the study of clay figuries throughout the archipelago, as well as
examining and introducing the excavation conditions and motifs thatremain on the artifacts.

58俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶₸◝ȆȎƼȡȶǵȃƽȝ朒㫶⾞垓⍊
⅜⺒䛳䪲俪⏋⍁䉐椏⭍侹㔖㏛媙Ḣ㟢濚濗䳂㑅㔀ᶡȝ◝ἴȝ᳔䐊㗌㜓⇾ⳝ͆俪⏋⭍䙫͂㘩Ị⌡⇭͇̿˚䳫 16,000 ⹛∴̷̓ͣ̚䷫㕮㘩Ị匰≜㜆̣͡䳫 2,000 ⹛∴͆⼌䔆㘩ỊḔ㜆̬͖ͥ̿✆⁝̤⇡䏥̯͖̱˛⛚Ɣ̓✆⁝̤⇡✆̷̯䷫㕮㘩Ị͆恡巈͆⇭ⷪ⛚ͪ㎙廰̯̜͖̱̾˛㗌㜓͇̿㯸敺͆⭬✗敲䙡͜怺巖⻡娔͂́͆⅓⅘Ṳ㥔̓Ἓ̻̾䙡㍿媦㟢̤堳̷̜͙ͧͤ̾ͣ˚⾬̲̯͚✆⁝̤奲̼̣̻̜̾ͣ恡巈͆⅏̾ͪ䶙佬̯̜͖̳̤̾ͫ˚㗌㜓⇾ⳝ͆㝘奦̿✆⁝͆⇡✆㕗̓⤎̥͂ⷕ̤̫͇ͣ̀ᷧ̚䛕䞔䄝̱̿˛匰≜㜆̣͡㗐㜆Ƌ䳫 16,000ǡ7,200 ⹛∴ƌ̣̩͇̓̾˚㝘ẓ⑏御͆斉㝘⹚憵̿⇡✆㕗̤⤁̧˚ẽ͆✗⟆͇̿杅⸟̓⇡✆㕗̤⯸̜͂₥⏸̤͖̱̚͢˛∴㜆Ƌ7,200ǡ5,500 ⹛∴ƌ̓͂ͣ̀˚斉㝘̣͡㝘⋾✗㖠̣̩̓̾✆⁝̤⇡✆̷̯恡巈͆⇭̤ⷪ⹪̤͖̱͢˛Ḕ㜆Ƌ5,500ǡ4,500 ⹛∴ƌ̓͂ͣ̀˚̵ͤ͆͡✗⟆̓⊇̠̾˚Ḕ惏✗㖠͜⋾晟✗㖠̓⇭̤ⷪ⹪̤͢˚䉠̓斉㝘⹚憵͜敞憵䛳̓暭Ḕ̤奲͖̱ͤ͡˛⽳㜆Ƌ4,500ǡ3,000 ⹛∴ƌ͜㙐㜆Ƌ3,000ǡ2,600 ⹛∴ƌ̓͂ͣ̀˚⇡✆̱ͣ恡巈͆⇭ⷪ̓⤎̥͂‶͇͢奲͖̳̤ͤͫ͡˚Ḕ惏✗㖠͢͠⋾⁛⅏Ἲ̓˚恡巈͆⇭̤ⷪ⹪̤̻̜̫̾ͣ̀ͪ䢡婴̥͖̱̿˛̵͆ᷧ㖠̿奦㗌㜓͇̿˚䷫㕮㘩Ị͆⅏㜆敺ͪ态̯̾˚✆⁝̤⇡✆̱ͣ恡巈凑Ἲ̤⯸̧͂˚⇭ⷪ͆暭Ḕ͜‶ͪ͢˚⛚Ɣ̣͇͡奲̫̤̥͖̳ͣ̀̿ͫ˛䉠̓㗐㜆͜∴㜆͇̓✆⁝̤⇡✆̱ͣ恡巈͇͓͖̳̤̀ͫ́ͫ̚͢˚⽳㜆̣͡㙐㜆̣̩̓̾˚㕊䙡䙫̓⇭̤ⷪ⡾⊇̯͖̱˛59⛚Ɣ˚㗌㜓⇾ⳝ̿͆䷫㕮㘩Ị͆㘩㜆∌͆✆⁝͆⇡✆恡巈⇭ⷪ⛚Ƌự嗋 2010ƌ
60⛚ƕ˚㝘㵞̣͡奦㗌㜓̣̩̓̾͆✆⁝͆态㘩䙫͂⣰恞Ƌự嗋 ƌ俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶⛚ƕ̓˚䷫㕮㘩Ị⅏㜆敺ͪ态̷̰徸䕦ϑḔ⛂⛤✗㖠Ƌ⛚Ɣ͆Άςϒ惏⇭ƌ͆✆⁝͆⣰恞ͪ㎙䤡̯̜͖̱̾˛岮㖀̤⯸̜͂͆̿˚⤎̥͂₥⏸
̯̣̓姧⎱̤̥͖̳̤̿ͫ˚爵⅏Ἲͪ态̯̾˥栻˦̤䄈̜✆⁝̫̿ͣ̀̚˚父㗐㜆ǡḔ㜆͖͇͓̿̀ͫ́⇡✆ὲ̤̜̫͂̀˚爷⽳㜆̣͇͡˚㝘㗌㜓̿奲̼̣̻̜̞̾ͣ͂͠㗵䢡͂庒Ἲ塏䏥ͪἛ̞✆⁝̤ὃ̫ͤͣ̀͡˚̷̜̻̀₥⏸̤̫ͣ̀ͪ̚奲̸̜̳͖̱˛̷͖⛚Ɩ͇̓˚✆⁝̸̧̩͇̿͂˚✆杉͆⣰恞㠯͚㎙廰̯̜͖̱̾˛ᷧ䕑ⷍ⁛͆Ṅⷅ͚͇͆͆岄̿ὃ̷͚ͤ͆͂͆̿͡˚⯸̯㦿䛟̤䕗͖̱̤͂͢˚̜̲ͤ͆㘩Ị͚̿⤑̜΁θη̞͆͂͠䛰㯂͆塏䏥˚̵̯̾˚䛕̀⏊̓䩦⬻̤͚̤͓̱ͣ͆̀ͫ́̿̚˛⛚Ɩ˚✆杉䬰͆⣰恞Ƌự嗋 2010ƌ濛濗ⷣ䏝㔀ᶡȝ◝ἴȧȝ⟇⇔⛚Ɨ͇䷫㕮㘩ỊḔ㜆㜒̣͡⼌䔆㘩Ị∴㜆̣̩̓̾͆˚䟚㢹̀✆⁝͆⇡✆✗䂠ͪ⇭ⷪ⟆̯̀̾䤡̷̯͚̱͆̿˛̫ͤ͆͡⇭ⷪͪ奲ͣ昷͢˚䥔䤧̓䔏̜ͤͣ͡䟚㢹̀✆⁝̤㘩㜆̬̀̓⇭ⷪͪ⣰⋽̭̳̤͚͂͡˚态㘩䙫̓奦㗌㜓⅏⟆̿⎾⮠̭̜̫̤̣͖̱ͤ̾ͣ̀ͧ͢˛61⛚Ƙ͇̿˚䷫㕮㘩Ị㙐㜆̓奦㗌㜓̿⇡䏥̱ͣ˥敞⎆Εͺέ✆⁝˦̣͡⼌䔆㘩Ị͆˥⇭扬⽉✆壤⒨˦͐̀❲⻶⭍䙫͂⣰⋽̤̫̤ͣ̀̚䤡̭̜͖̱ͤ̾˛⤎̥͂⣰⋽̯͇̀̾˚䷫㕮㘩Ị͇̓䛂̷̤̻ᷱ͢晭⸖̿㊤屈䙫̓塏䏥̷̭̜ͤ̾✆⁝͆栔惏̤˚栟惏̧͆͋ͤ塏䏥ͪ⤘̜˚栔惏͆塏䏥̣͡˥㳉⽉˦ͪ␯̱ͣ䛕漢塏䏥͐̀˥䖼巈♏⭿˦̯̀̾恡⬿ϑ⣰⋽̯̜̥͖̱̾˛̫̞͆̓͠˚䷫㕮㘩Ị͆✆⁝͇⽉ͪ⣰⋽̭̳̤͂͡˚⼌䔆㘩Ị͐̀䶀䶁̯̾˥✆壤⒨˦̯̀̾ὃ̧̜̫̤̣͖̱ͤ̾̀ͧ͢͡˛⛚Ɨ˚䟚㢹̀✆⁝͆㘩㜆∌⇭ⷪ䊝㲨Ƌ⯶㝾 2002ƌ⛚Ƙ˚⇭扬⽉✆壤⒨͆ㇷ䪲媙䧲Ƌ⯶㝾 2007ƌ

62俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶濜濗堽㒣㗪ȖȞ◝ἴȞ㯿圊ȸșǺȒȎȝǺ͇̿˚䷫㕮㘩Ị̣͡ὃ̷̥ͤ̾͡✆⁝͇˚㗌㜓⇾ⳝ͆奦⁛͇̿⎾⮠̭̲ͤ˚䷫㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆Ọ⽳̓㝘㗌㜓͆⽘柦ͪ⎾̩̾⎾⮠̷̭̜̻ͤ̾͆
̯̞̣̿͟Ƣ⛚ƙ͇̓˚奦㗌㜓̞̹͆䉠̓徸䕦✗㖠̀④͈ͤͣ✗⟆̿⇡✆̷̯䷫㕮㘩Ị匰≜㜆͆✆⁝ͪƕ䂠㎷䤡̯̜͖̱̾˛爵͇㺲岧䛳䛟尞䅱⎆恡巈⇡✆͚͆͆˚父͇ᷰ憴䛳䲌奲ṼⰢ恡巈⇡✆͚͆͆˚̜̲͚̿ͤ䫑䩛ἶⰬ巈͆➲✆̣͡奲̼̣̻̜͖̱̾˛⤎̥̭͇ 10ǆǐ䧲⺍͆⯶̭͚̱̤͂͆̿˚̷͇̻̥̯̀͢僛Ἲ˚Ṛ㈦͆塏䏥̣͡㗵䢡̓✆⁝̿ͣ̀̚∋㖔̥͖̱̿˛⛚ƙ˚䷫㕮㘩Ị匰≜㜆͆徸䕦⇡✆͆✆⁝̫͇ͤ͡˚匰≜㜆̓㝘㗌㜓̿奲̼̣̻̜̾ͣ✆⁝̀塏䏥ᷱ̿͆⤎̥͂ⷕ͇䄈̧˚㰵⇾ⳝ䙫̓奲ͤͣ͡⽉ㄲ̯̜͖̱ͪ̾˛̫̫̣͆̀͡˚匰≜㜆͇̓⇾ⳝ͆㝘奦̓斉ᾯ̧˚✆⁝ͪ䔏̜ͣ䥔䤧㦿⻶̤⹪̷̤̻̜̾
̫̀ͪ䤡̯̜͖̱̾˛姧̜㏂̠͈ͣ͂͡˚✆⁝ͪ䔏̜ͣ䥔䤧凑Ἲ͇˚㰵⇾ⳝ䙫̓⦲͖͢˚✗⟆̬̀̓⹪̤̤ͣ˚奦㗌㜓͇̿Ịͧ̓͢䟚㢹̤ὦͧͤ˚䷫㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆
͇̓㜓㝌㋨̷̻̜̾✆⁝䥔䤧̤㝘㗌㜓͆⽘柦ͪ⎾̩̾⾐㴢̯⼌䔆㘩Ị̷̼̤̻̜̻͐̀͂̾̀俪̠̫̤̥͖̱ͣ̀̿˛63

濝濗″⵩䗊₸◝ȝ◝ἴ⛚ƚ~ƛ͇̓˚䦨̤㈧ⱅ̱ͣ⅜⺒䛳Ⅼ̿⇡✆̷̯✆⁝ͪ暭ㇷ̯̜͖̱̾˛ᷧ奲̸̱̩ͣ̿˚䠛䈮̤͓̀ͫ́̿˚⽉ͪῄ̻̜̾ͣ⭳⽉⒨̤⯸̜̫̤͂̀
̣͖̱ͧ͢˛̷̸̯˚̫ͤ͆͡⇡✆̷̯✆⁝͇̓ᷧ⮁͆⽉ㄲ͆Φπ;ϒ΍νω̤̫͚ͣ̀̚⏳㘩̣͖̱̓ͧ͢˛T ⬾❲̷̯͚ͪ͆Ƌ⛚ƚ-ƕƌ˚ạ͆栻ͪ䤡̷̯͚͆Ƌ⛚ƚ-Ɩ˚˚⛚ƛ-Ƙƌ˚恕ℰ♏✆⁝Ƌ⛚ƚ-ƚƌ˚̵ͤ͡Ọ⣽͆ạ⽉̷̯͚ͪ͆˚̓⤎̧̥⇭桅̥͖̱̿˛㜓㝌͇́͆✆⁝͚⭳⽉⒨̷̯̜͇̲̫ͪ̾̿ͣ̀ͪ̚巶͖̠ͣ̀˚⇡✆䂠㕗̵̫⯸̜͚͂͆͆˚⅜⺒䛳̿⇡✆̷̯✆⁝͇̓㦿˞͂Φπ;ϒ
΍νω̤̚͢˚̷͖恕ℰ♏✆⁝͆䠛䈮͚奲̼̣̻̜̫̣̾ͣ̀͡䛳⣽Ƌ⹪̧͇㝘㗌㜓ƌ̀͆ạ䙫ẋ㴨̷̤̻̫͚̀̚䢡婴̱̫̤̥͖̱ͣ̀̿˛͚̞Ɣ̼͆䉠⾛̯̀̾˚✆⁝͆栻惏⇭͆⇡✆̤⯸̜̜̞̫͚͂̀̀㋮㐿̥͖̱̿˛⛚ƚ˚⅜⺒䛳Ⅼ⇡✆͆✆⁝爵Ƌ㷘Ṽ 1997ƌ

64俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶⛚ƛ˚⅜⺒䛳Ⅼ⇡✆͆✆⁝父Ƌ㷘Ṽ 1997ƌ

65⛚Ɯ˚徸䕦✗㖠͆✆⁝͆䷏⹛㠯Ƌự嗋 2010ƌ
66俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶⛚Ɯ̓˚⅜⺒䛳⇡✆͆✆⁝͚⊇̷̠䷏⹛㠯ͪ䤡̯̜͖̱̾˛䷫㕮㘩Ị͆⽳㜆͇̓˚⼌䔆㘩Ị͐̀䶁̧⇭扬⽉✆⁝̤⇡䏥̯˚̷͖⏳㘩̓㝘㗌㜓͆⽘柦ͪ⎾̷̩✆⁝͚䏥͖̱ͤ˛⽳㜆͆䴩ͧ͢柪͇̓˚ạ⽉✆⁝̤䏥͖̱̤ͤ˚̜̲͚ͤ栻̤奲̢̼̣̻̲̾͡˚栻塏䏥͆㬇㏴̷̯͚͆̀俪̠͖̱ͤ͡˛㙐㜆͇̓˚⇭扬⽉✆⁝̤䛨䕌̷̭ͤ⏗⻶✆⁝͜ạ⽉✆壤⒨̤⇡䏥̯͖̱˛Ọ̞ᷱ͆̓͠˚徸䕦✗㖠̿͆✆⁝͇˚匰≜㜆̓⇡䏥̯˚ᷧ㗍忻䵝̷̠̹͆˚㝘㗌㜓͆⽘柦ͪ⎾̩̤͂͡˚栻͆䄈̜ạ⽉✆⁝̯̀̾ㇷ䪲̯͖̱˛濞濗◝ἴȝ⿍⌱⛚ 10 ͇̓˚㗌㜓⇾ⳝ⅏Ἲ͆✆⁝͆嶏⋉̷͖͙͚̱ͪ̀͆̿˛爵Ƌᷧ䕑ⷍƌ̤✆⁝͆⟡㜓⽉ㄲ˚父Ƌ䜆ͫḔƌ̤䥔䤧͆⽉ㄲ˚爷Ƌᷧ䕑⏚ƌ̤栻ϑạἺ͆塏䏥˚ͪ塏̯̜͖̱̾˛⛚ 10˚㝘奦㗌㜓͆✆⁝̀栻塏䏥Ƌự嗋 2010ƌ

67Ɩ̿姍̷̞ͤ̓͠˚䷫㕮㘩Ị匰≜㜆͇̓㰵⇾ⳝ奶㨈̿˚桅ἣ̷̯⽉
ㄲͪ㋨̼㝦䊝ϑ僛Ἲ₶̤奲̫̣ͤͣ̀͡͡˚⅘态̷̯✆⁝䥔䤧̷̤̻͚͆̀̚俪̠͖̱ͤ͡˛∴㜆̣͡Ḕ㜆̣̩̓̾˚奦㗌㜓͇̿✆⁝凑Ἲ̤奲̼̣̻̜̜̫̣̾͂̀͡˚䩡䙤㜆̭̜͖̱̀ͤ̾˛⽳㜆̓͂͢˚⇭扬⽉✆⁝̤奦㗌㜓̿⇡䏥̯˚㝘㗌㜓͆⽘柦̷̞̩ͪ἟庒₶͆⽘柦ͪ⎾̩˚⅜⺒䛳͆Ἢ恡巈Ƌ㷈巖ⷩƌ̞͆͂͠✆⁝̤⇡䏥̯͖̱˛̯̣̯˚἟庒₶͇ὃ͖̱̤ͤ͡˚Ƌ奲̸̼̣̻̜̜̩̣͚̯͖̳̤̾͂ͤͫƌ栻̤㬇吤̷̯✆⁝̤͓̱̀ͫ́̿˛̫̫̣ͤ͆̀͡͡˚奦㗌㜓͇̿˚✆⁝䥔䤧͆㛧∄㜆͇̓㰵⇾ⳝ䙫͂僛Ἲ塏䏥ͪἛ̞䥔䤧̷̤̻͚̣̣̲̓ͧ̚͡˚̵͆⽳͇Ἴ̣͆͡䏭䔘̿✆⁝̓͗ͤͣ͡ạ⽉ƋΨΞ΂Εƌ͜栻ͪ⾳恦̷̯̜̾⏖僤『̤檿̜̀俪̠͖̱ͤ͡˛濟濗ȄǳȃȚ
⛚ 11 ͇˚⅜⺒䛳̓ͣ̚得榓俪⏋岮㖀椏̤㈧唜̯̜̾ͣⲐ㈲䛳ᷧ斉ⷩ⤎⎆⇡✆͆恕ℰ♏❲✆杉̱̿˛⅜⺒䛳⇡✆͇̜̱̤̿͂͆̿˚2019 ⹛̓
⅜⺒䛳䪲俪⏋⍁䉐椏̿敲ₓ̷̭ͤ䉠∌ⰼ˥䷫㕮✆♏̵᷽̀͆䔳˦̿ⰼ䤡̷̭̜͚̱ͤ̾͆̿˛婚䴗̓墶⁛ͪ妚⯆̱ͣ̀˚栔̷̓ͣᷱ̚惏͇͍̹̤檿̧΍ιϒέ̓㭲̻̜̾ͣᷧ㖠̿˚栵̷̓ͣᷲ̚惏͍̹͇͆˚⯸̯㑐㺬̷̯̞͂͠㦿⬷̷̯̜͖̯ͪ̾˛墶⁛͆ⷍ⏚͍̹͇͆̓˚䩛̤Ɣ̼̲̼̚͢˚䳷ͪ态̷̯⏖僤『͚̱̤ͣ͆̿̚˚䳷̓ͣ͠㑐㺬̤奲̜̫̣ͤ͂̀͡͡˚⮆暂͇̓䳷ͪ态̯̜̜̾͂⏖僤『̤͖̱̚͢˛ⰼ䤡̷̯̜̾暂̓˚㲰㊺剖ẓ惤⤎⭍⏴婰㕀㍯͆姊媓̷̤̻̱̤͆̿̚˚̵͆暂̓˚̫͇ͤ˚⛚ 11父͇˚ὦ̜㖠͆婍㠯̱̿˛㶙Ἲͪổ杉͆墶⁛̓岖͙̾˚̵ͤͪḈ㈲̿棙̀͘墶杉̤栻̧̻̼̥̓塏杉̤栻͆∴̓⇡̥͖̱̾˛̵̞̱ͣ̀˚棙͗䴩ͧͣ暂͇̓˚✆杉̷̣͎̻̞ͪ̓͂͢͠˚˥䉠㭱͂棙͗䉐ͪ棙ͫ̿庒Ἲ̤⣰庒˦̱̜̞ͣ̀㻻⇡̤⏖僤͖̱̀͂͢˛68俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶✆杉͆Ḕ͇̓˚䛕͜⏊̓䩦⬻̤͚͚ͣ͆̚̚͢˚̣̲̯͚͂͡˚̫̞͆͂͠ὦ̜㖠͈̣͇̜̱̤̿͂̿͢˚ὦ̜㖠͆ᷧὲ̯̀̾⏖僤『͇͚ͣ͆̀̚俪̠̜͖̱̾˛⛚ 11˚✆杉͆ὦ̜㖠͆ᷧ㠯

69

⊀仁㑅䇬
ᷰ憴䛳➲唜㕮⋽岈ΑωΕϒ
1997˧䲌奲ṼⰢ恡巈䙡㍿媦㟢⠘␱˨˛ᷰ憴䛳➲唜㕮⋽岈媦㟢⠘␱
156˛

㲰㊺剖
1997

˥奦㗌㜓̧͖ͪ̀͢✆⁝岛憴⠘␱˦˚˧✆⁝΍ωγΎͼζƙ⤯剖⤎ἁƝ奦㗌㜓̧͖ͪ̀͢✆⁝䙡塏奨㗏暭˨˛˥✆⁝̵̀͆ガ⠘˦䟻䩝ἁ˛㷘Ṽ㗵㮻⏋͓̣
1997

˥⅜⺒䛳˦˚˧✆⁝΍ωγΎͼζƙ⤯剖⤎ἁƝ奦㗌㜓̧͖ͪ̀͢✆⁝䙡塏奨㗏暭˨˛˥✆⁝̵̀͆ガ⠘˦䟻䩝ἁ˛㷘Ṽ㗵㮻⏋1998 ˥䬓 12 䫇䬓Ƙ䷏ƝἪ恡巈✆⁝͆⇡✆ヶ侐̀ằ⽳͆✆⁝䟻䩝˦˚˧Ἢ恡巈˨˛⅜⺒䛳㕀備⦻Ⓢἁ䷏˛
⎆䔗㗳⹟
2007

˥✆⁝͆⤁㦿『˦˚˧䷫㕮㘩Ị͆俪⏋⭍ 11 ⾪̀Ὲỗ˨˛⯶㜰⺞͓̣䷏˛⏳ㇷ䤥˛⯶㝾朹㨠2007 ˥䷫㕮-⼌䔆䧢堳㜆̢̩̓ͣ䥔䤧̀⣰⋽˦˚˧䷫㕮㘩Ị͆俪⏋⭍
11 ⾪̀Ὲỗ˨˛⯶㜰⺞͓̣䷏˛⏳ㇷ䤥˛
ự嗋㭊ạ
2010

˥✆⁝˦
˚˧䷫㕮㘩Ị͆䲥䥅㕮⋽˨˛斉奦䷫㕮㕮⋽䟻䩝ἁ˛⤎ᷲ㗵ϑ㷘Ṽ㗵㮻⏋2010

˥⅜⺒䛳˦˚˧䷫㕮㘩Ị͆䲥䥅㕮⋽˨˛斉奦䷫㕮㕮⋽䟻䩝ἁ˛㺲岧䛳㕮⋽岈ῄ孞⌻ἁϑ㺲岧䛳㕀備⦻Ⓢἁ
2014 ˧䛟尞䅱⎆恡巈Ɣ˨˛徙✗䒗⡪㕛₀Ṳ㥔斉ᾩ恡巈䙡㍿媦㟢⠘␱
㛟 1˛
⤎憵喒
2020

˥奦㗌㜓͆✆⁝䟻䩝˦˚˧㛯⇱俪⏋⭍ΎιϒΠρ䉠暭Ɲằ㗌͆✆⁝䟻䩝˨745˛70俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶仁⊢₸◝䕂Ƽ″⵩ƽᴉ服㫶⾞垓⍊
⅜⺒上䪲俪⏋⍁䉐椏䟻䩝Ⓢ➷Ʊ䴧㑅㔀ᶡ䕂攴ἴ᳔䐊✏㗌㜓䙫俪⏋㕮⋽㘩Ị⇭㜆ḔƏ凑䳫 16,000 ⹛∴䙫乐㕮㘩Ị∄㜆∗䳫
2,000 ⹛∴䙫⼳䔆㘩ỊḔ㜆Ə惤㛰䙣䏥晝ạ⁝˛乐㕮㘩Ị俪⏋恡✧ḔƏ㛰䙣䏥晝ạ⁝䙫恡✧Ə⅝⇭Ἧ⛽⥩⛽ 1˛✏㗌㜓Əᷴ媽㘖䦨ạἶ⭬䔏✗敲䙣恫㘖怺巖⻡娔䬰⅓⅘ⷌ䧲Ə惤曧奨怙堳俪⏋䙣㍿媦㟌Ə⛇㭋㜓㕮㜑⾬㶜咲㈧㛰晝ạ⁝⇡✆䙫恡✧ƏἭⰘ䛕∴岮㖀俳姧Ə⏖奲㝘㗌㜓凮奦㗌㜓⇡✆䙫晝ạ⁝㕟憶㛰㥜⤎䙫ⷕ䕗˛✏乐㕮㘩Ị㗐㜆(䳫 16,000-7,200 ⹛∴)Ə㝘ẓ⑏恱䙫旃㝘⹚⎆✗⌧䙣㍿∗⤎憶䙫晝ạ⁝Ə俳⅝ẽ✗⌧∮⽯⯸ƞ乐㕮㘩Ị∴㜆(7,200-5,500 ⹛∴)Ə⇡✆晝ạ⁝䙫俪⏋恡✧⇭Ἧ⾅旃㝘✗⌧㓛ⰼ∗㝘⋾✗⌧ƞ乐㕮㘩ỊḔ㜆
(5,500-4,500 ⹛∴)∮㓛ⰼ∗Ḕ惏✗⌧⑳⋾晟✗⌧Ə䉠∌⮭暭⇡✆✏旃㝘⹚
⎆⑳敞憵上怀⅐✗⌧ƞ俳乐㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆凚㙁㜆(4,500-2,600 ⹛∴)Ə⇡✆晝ạ⁝䙫恡✧ⷙ㱹㛰㗵桖㕟憶ᷱ䙫ⷕ䕗ƏἭ⏖Ọ䢡⮁䙫㘖✏Ḕ惏✗⌧⋾惏䙫俪⏋恡✧惤㙕怴㛰晝ạ⁝˛⏍ᷧ㖠杉Ə奦㗌㜓㕛ῲ乐㕮㘩Ị㛰⇡✆晝ạ⁝䙫恡✧⽯⯸Ə⾅⛽ 1 Ḕ䛲ᷴ⇡⅝⇭Ἧ䙫暭Ḕㇽⷕ䕗˛䉠∌㘖✏乐㕮㘩Ị㗐㜆凮∴㜆Ə⹥ḵ㱹㛰⇡✆晝ạ⁝ƞ䛛凚乐㕮㘩Ị
⽳㜆凮㙁㜆Ə⇡✆晝ạ⁝䙫恡✧⇭Ἧ㈴␯䏥曝㘆⢅⊇䙫嶏⋉˛71

⛽ 1˚㗌㜓乐㕮㘩Ị⏫㘩㜆晝ạ⁝⇡✆恡✧⇭Ἧ⛽(ự嗋 2010)72⛽ 2˚⾅㝘㵞∗奦㗌㜓䙫晝ạ⁝孱恞ự嗋 2010俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶

⾅⛽ 2 Ḕ⏖奲乐㕮㘩Ị徸䕦˚Ḕ⛲Ƒ⛂⛲✗⌧(⛽ 1 Ḕ␯䁗剙䙫✗⌧)晝ạ⁝䙫㻻孱˛䔘㖣䛕∴䛟旃岮㖀ᷴ⤁Ə€僤⤎凛㭟㕛Ọᷲ憴滅Ɲ(1)㜑奲
⅞㛰冰⑳庒檻䙫晝ạ⁝˚(2)乐㕮㘩Ị㗐㜆∗Ḕ㜆䙫⇡✆㠯ὲ⽯⯸˚(3)凑乐
㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆嵞Ə✏㗌㜓㝘惏⏖Ọ䙣䏥晝ạ⁝ⷙ敲⦲⅞㛰冰⎱嵱Ὥ嵱㗵䢡庒檻䙫嶏⋉˛㭋⣽Ə⾅⛽ 3 ḔṆ僤䛲奲晝ạ冰⁝䙫㻻孱˛⛽㛧ⷍ⁛䙫Ṅⷅ✗⌧晝ạ杉⁝㘖䔏岄桅壤ㇷƏ⛇㭋凮⅝ẽ䛲嵞Ὥ㛰滅ᷴᷧ㨊ṄⷅƏἭ䄈媽㘖✏悊ῲ㘩㜆Ə⤎惏⇭晝ạ杉⁝惤⅞㛰₶㵞涾ᷧ㨊䙫㾪䛰Ə䜣䝂⑳☛ⷛ惤䔏䩦⬻Ὥ塏䤡˛⛽ 3˚晝ạ杉⁝䙫㻻孱(ự嗋 2010)孱Ʊ⸊䏝㔀ᶡ攴ᵸἴ䕂㷒婈⛽ 4 㨀䤡⇡凑乐㕮㘩ỊḔ㜆㜒㮜∗⼳䔆㘩Ị∄㜆Ə䟚㢹⑳晝ạ⁝䙫⇭Ἧ✗滅˛⾅⇭Ἧガ⽉⏖奲䔏㖣⃧⻶䙫䟚㢹凮晝ạ⁝Ə暏吾㘩㜆㻻孱忷㼟⇡䏥✏㕛ῲ奦㗌㜓˛73

⾅⛽ 5 Ḕ⏖奲乐㕮㘩Ị㙁㜆⇡䏥✏奦㗌㜓䙫˥敞⎆桅❲晝ạ⁝˦∗⼳䔆㘩Ị˥⇭扬⽉晝壤⒨˦䙫❲⻶㻻孱˛㭋㘩㜆䙫䉠剙䂡乐㕮㘩ỊỌ⇟⇡䙫 T⬾Ὥ㊤屈塏䏥晝ạ⁝䙫栔惏˚Ọ㔝丕屈⾜栟惏䙫塏䏥░⤘˚䛰䜣漢䬰杉屳⮂勌˥䖼巈♏⭿˦刓Ọ˥㳉㵑䊧˦塏䤡˛䔘㭋⏖奲Ə凑乐㕮㘩Ị∗⼳䔆㘩ỊƏ晝ạ⁝≜ὃ暏吾㘩敺ᷴ㖞孱⋽˛⛽ 4˚䟚㢹凮晝ạ⁝✏ᷴ⏳㘩㜆䙫⇭Ἧ䊧㲨(⯶㝾 2002)⛽ 5˚⇭扬⽉晝壤⒨䙫⽉ㇷ㻻孱(⯶㝾 2007)74俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶⊁Ʊ攴ᵸἴ㑺堽㒣㗪䕂㯿圊晝ạ⁝✏乐㕮㘩Ị㘖␍ᷴ墒奦㗌㜓✗⌧㈧㎌⎾Ə䛛∗乐㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆Ə⎾∗㝘㗌㜓✗⌧䙫⽘柦㈴㎌⎾⑉Ƣ⛽ 6 䂡奦㗌㜓徸䕦✗⌧⇡✆䙫⅐ῲ乐㕮㘩Ị∄㜆䙫晝ạ⁝Ə爵⇡✆凑㺲岧上㄂尞䅱⎆恡✧Ə父⇡✆凑ᷰ憴上䲌奲ṼⰢ恡✧Ə惤㘖✏尵䩛Ⱜ恡巈Ḕ䙣䏥Ə䳫 10 ⅓⇭⤎⯶Ə⾅㗵桖䙫庒檻⎱僟惏塏䏥⏖∋㖞ㆰ䂡晝ạ⁝˛⛽ 6˚乐㕮㘩Ị∄㜆徸䕦✗⌧⇡✆䙫晝ạ⁝

怀⅐ῲ晝ạ⁝凮㝘㗌㜓乐㕮㘩Ị∄㜆㈧䙣䏥䙫晝ạ⁝ḍ䄈⤑⤎ⷕ䕗Ə⅞㛰㗌㜓例ⳝ㙕怴⏖奲䙫⽉ㄲƏ⾅㭋⏖䟌Ə乐㕮㘩Ị∄㜆ᷴ媽㝘˚奦㗌㜓Ə䔏Ὥ䥔⃧䙫晝ạ⁝⅝梏㠣䛟ἣ˛㏂姧ḲƏ晝ạ⁝䔏㖣䥔⃧䙫㕮⋽ㆰ㘖嵞㹷㖣㜓✆Əḍ忷㼟ₚ㒔∗⅏㗌㜓✗⌧ƞἭ✏奦㗌㜓墒䟚㢹⎽ỊƏ䛛∗乐㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆⎾㝘㗌㜓䔏晝ạ⁝䥔䤧䙫⽘柦Ə㈴⎯敲⦲ὦ䔏晝ạ⁝Əḍ⻝乳∗⼳䔆㘩Ị˛75佄Ʊ″⵩䳡₸◝䕂攴ᵸἴ
⛽ 7˚⛽ 8 㘖䬭俬㈧✏䙫⅜⺒上㈧⇡✆䙫晝ạ⁝暭ㇷ˛Ḵ䛲ᷲƏ⤎惏⇭惤㘖䠛䈮Ə⯸㛰❲ㄲῄ⬿⭳⥤䙫晝ạ⁝ƞἭ⏳㘩Ṇ⏖䛲⇡怀Ẃ晝ạ⁝⅞㛰ᷧ⮁䙫⽉ㄲ孱䕗Ə⤎凛⏖Ọ⇭桅䂡Ɲ␯ T ⬾❲(⛽ 7-2)˚€㛰冰惏(⛽ 7-3˚11˚⛽ 8-5)˚恕ℰ♏晝ạ⁝(⛽ 7-7)䬰˛暽䄝⭳㕛䙫晝ạ⁝⇡✆䙫⽯⯸ƏἭ怀Ẃ䠛䡵䙫晝ạ⁝㜓ὭṆㆰ㘖⭳㕛䙫ῲ檻Ə⾅㭋⏖䟌Ə⅜⺒上⇡✆䙫晝ạ⁝杅⸟⤁㨊ƞ俳䙣䏥恕ℰ♏晝ạ⁝䙫䠛䈮ƏỊ塏㛰巆上⣽⅝ẽ✗⌧(态⸟㘖㝘㗌㜓✗⌧)ẋ㴨˛⏍⣽恫㛰 1 ῲ䉠滅ƏⰘ㘖⽯⯸䙣㍿∗晝ạ⁝䙫冰惏˛⛽ 7˚⅜⺒上ⅎ⇡✆䙫晝ạ⁝爵(㷘Ṽ 1997)76俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶

⛽ 8˚⅜⺒上ⅎ⇡✆䙫晝ạ⁝父(㷘Ṽ 1997)77⛽ 9˚徸䕦✗⌧䙫晝ạ⁝⹛塏(ự嗋 2010)78俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶

⛽ 9 䂡⋬㋓⅜⺒上✏ⅎ䙫徸䕦✗⌧⇡✆䙫晝ạ⁝⹛塏˛凑乐㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆⇡䏥ṭ⻝乳∗⼳䔆㘩Ị䙫⇭扬⽉晝ạ⁝Ə⏳㘩Ṇ㛰䙣䏥⎾∗㝘㗌㜓✗⌧㕮⋽⽘柦䙫晝ạ⁝˛∗ṭ乐㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆㜒㮜Ə晝ạ⁝惤㜑奲冰惏Ə㎏㸓⏖僤㘖伡⤘ƞ㭋㘩㜆Ə⇭扬⽉晝ạ⁝㸂⯸Ə俳˥⏗⻶晝ạ⁝˦⎱˥ạ⽉晝壤⒨˦⇡䏥˛䶃ᷱƏ徸䕦✗⌧䙫晝ạ⁝凑乐㕮㘩Ị∄㜆⇡䏥ƏḔ敺ᷧ⺍⻶⾕ƏἭ✏㝘㗌㜓✗⌧㕮⋽⽘柦ᷲƏ㱹㛰冰惏䙫晝ạ⁝敲⦲⇡䏥˛᷋Ʊ攴ᵸἴ䕂⿍乧
⛽ 10 两䴷ṭ㗌㜓⇾ⳝ晝ạ⁝䙫㻻孱嶏⋉˛爵(⛽ⷍ)䂡晝ạ⁝䙫⟡㜓❲ㄲƏ父(⛽Ḕ)䂡䥔⃧䔏䙫⽉ㄲƏ爷(⛽⏚)䂡⅞㛰冰惏䙫晝ạ⁝␯䏥㖠⻶˛⛽ 10˚㝘奦㗌㜓晝ạ⁝⎱冰惏䙫␯䏥㖠⻶(ự嗋 2010)79⥩⛽ 10 Ḕ爷㈧志Ə乐㕮㘩Ị∄㜆⽯⏖僤㛰ᷧ䨕㳂㗌㜓䙫䥔⃧䔏晝ạ⁝Ə⛇䂡䙭䔏䛟ἣ䙫㝦䊧Ὥ␯䏥ạ檻˛⾅乐㕮㘩Ị∴㜆∗Ḕ㜆Ə奦㗌㜓✗⌧⹥ḵ㱹㛰䙣䏥晝ạ⁝Ə墒好䂡䩡䙤㘩㜆˛乐㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆嵞Ə奦㗌㜓✗⌧敲⦲⇡䏥⇭扬⽉晝ạ⁝ƞṆ⛇⎾∗㝘㗌㜓✗⌧㕮⋽⽘柦Ə✏⅜⺒上㷈巖ⷩ䙫Ἢ恡✧䬰嘼敲⦲⇡䏥晝ạ⁝ƏἭ怀Ẃ晝ạ⁝⤁㕟惤ᷴ⅞冰惏(⏖僤Ⰱ㜑䙣㍿∗)Ə怀⏖僤㘖⛇䂡奦㗌㜓✗⌧Ə✏乐㕮㘩Ị∄㜆㘖䔏㳂㗌㜓⬿✏䙫㝦䊧ạ檻晝ạ⁝怙堳䥔⃧Ə㈧Ọ✏乐㕮㘩Ị⽳㜆Ə怀Ẃ䔏㖣䥔⃧䙫晝ạ⁝Ṇ㱹㛰壤ὃ
冰惏˛

收Ʊ䰎妔
⛽ 11 䂡⅜⺒上得榓俪⏋岮㖀椏㈧営Ə⇡✆凑Ⲑ㈲上ᷧ旃ⷩ⤎⎆䙫恕ℰ♏晝ạ杉˛㜓ờ㕮䉐ᷴ㘖⇡✆凑⅜⺒上Ə俳㘖 2019 ⹛⅜⺒上䪲俪⏋⍁䉐椏˥乐㕮㘩Ị䙫晝♏⎱⅝᷽䔳˦䉠ⰼḔ䙫ⰼ⒨˛ẻ䴗妧⯆㜓ờ㕮䉐䙫傳杉Ə⏖奲ἴ㖣栔惏䙫ᷱ⌱惏Ə恱䷊檿᷻⹚㕛ƞ
俳ἴ㖣ᷲⷛ嘼䙫ᷲ⌱惏Ə∮㛰Ẃ娘䣏㏴˛✏傳杉䙫ⷍ⏚⅐恱䷊⏫㛰ᷧῲ⬻Ə㎏㸓⏖僤㘖䩦乐䔏ƏἭḍ㜑奲乐⬷㑐㓍䙫䖼巈Ə㈧Ọ⯍暂ᷱ⽯㛰⏖僤㱹㛰䩦乐怵˛ẓ惤⤎⭟⏴孤㕀㍯㲰㊺剖㕀㍯✏䉠ⰼ姊媑㘩Ə㎷⇡⥩⛽ 11 Ḕ父䙫ὦ䔏㖠㲼‫‮‬娔Ɲ⯮㶙檻壄✏晝ạ杉䙫傳杉Ə曀㈲㋨㋦棙䔏Ə棙䛈⽳Ⱈ⥩⏳㈛ᷱ
晝ạ杉ᷧ刓ƏṆⰘ₶㘖˥▄ᷲ䉠㭱䙫㶙檻Ⱈ僤孱ㇷ⏍ᷧῲ庒⇭˦䙫ⰼ㻻˛ᷴ怵㛰Ẃ晝ạ杉✏䜣䝂⑳☛ⷛᷱ㛰䩦⬻ƏⰘᷴ⏖僤㘖怀䨕䔏㲼Ə⛇㭋怀⏖僤⏑㘖ὃ䂡ᷧῲὲ⬷Ὥ媑㗵晝ạ杉䙫⊆䔏˛80俪⏋⇡✆䙫˥⅜⺒˦Ḳ栶

⛽ 11˚晝壤ạ杉䙫ᷧ䨕ὦ䔏㖠㲼

81

⊁仁㑅䈹
ᷰ憴䛳➲唜㕮⋽岈ΑωΕϒ
1997˧䲌奲ṼⰢ恡巈䙡㍿媦㟢⠘␱˨˛ᷰ憴䛳➲唜㕮⋽岈媦㟢⠘␱
156˛

㲰㊺剖
1997

˥奦㗌㜓̧͖ͪ̀͢✆⁝岛憴⠘␱˦˚˧✆⁝΍ωγΎͼζƙ⤯剖⤎ἁƝ奦㗌㜓̧͖ͪ̀͢✆⁝䙡塏奨㗏暭˨˛˥✆⁝̵̀͆ガ⠘˦䟻䩝ἁ˛㷘Ṽ㗵㮻⏋͓̣
1997

˥⅜⺒䛳˦˚˧✆⁝΍ωγΎͼζƙ⤯剖⤎ἁƝ奦㗌㜓̧͖ͪ̀͢✆⁝䙡塏奨㗏暭˨˛˥✆⁝̵̀͆ガ⠘˦䟻䩝ἁ˛㷘Ṽ㗵㮻⏋1998 ˥䬓 12 䫇䬓Ƙ䷏ƝἪ恡巈✆⁝͆⇡✆ヶ侐̀ằ⽳͆✆⁝䟻䩝˦˚˧Ἢ恡巈˨˛⅜⺒䛳㕀備⦻Ⓢἁ䷏˛
⎆䔗㗳⹟
2007

˥✆⁝͆⤁㦿『˦˚˧䷫㕮㘩Ị͆俪⏋⭍ 11 ⾪̀Ὲỗ˨˛⯶㜰⺞͓̣䷏˛⏳ㇷ䤥˛⯶㝾朹㨠2007 ˥䷫㕮-⼌䔆䧢堳㜆̢̩̓ͣ䥔䤧̀⣰⋽˦˚˧䷫㕮㘩Ị͆俪⏋⭍
11 ⾪̀Ὲỗ˨˛⯶㜰⺞͓̣䷏˛⏳ㇷ䤥˛
ự嗋㭊ạ
2010

˥✆⁝˦
˚˧䷫㕮㘩Ị͆䲥䥅㕮⋽˨˛斉奦䷫㕮㕮⋽䟻䩝ἁ˛⤎ᷲ㗵ϑ㷘Ṽ㗵㮻⏋2010

˥⅜⺒䛳˦˚˧䷫㕮㘩Ị͆䲥䥅㕮⋽˨˛斉奦䷫㕮㕮⋽䟻䩝ἁ˛㺲岧䛳㕮⋽岈ῄ孞⌻ἁϑ㺲岧䛳㕀備⦻Ⓢἁ
2014 ˧䛟尞䅱⎆恡巈Ɣ˨˛徙✗䒗⡪㕛₀Ṳ㥔斉ᾩ恡巈䙡㍿媦㟢⠘␱
㛟 1˛
⤎憵喒
2020

˥奦㗌㜓͆✆⁝䟻䩝˦˚˧㛯⇱俪⏋⭍ΎιϒΠρ䉠暭Ɲằ㗌͆✆⁝䟻䩝˨745˛82∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾



⹊咢㳃敄
Goto Kiyotaka⮕⳵上䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏䟻䩝Ⓢ
Section Chief, Saitobaru ArchaeologicalMuseum of Miyazaki Prefecture
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䛒䤴曖⚝
⏙∴壤晝㉧堺

Areas of ResearchPrehistoric ceramic technology

83

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∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾⃛妔⊰ℋ⚲巨ᶽ垻⪤椕⹊咢㳃敄⮕⳵上䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏䟻䩝Ⓢ㌖堿
⮕⳵上⇡✆Ḳ⟛弑栳㜷䛟䕝⤁Ə㛰⣡˚㈦ⰲ˚ạ䉐˚⊼䉐䬰˛⮕⳵上䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏⾅⮕⳵上⇡✆䙫⟛弑ḔƏ㋸恟⅞Ị塏『䙫䔆䛕⏋⢚例˚奦惤⎆⏋⢚例˚㖗䔗⎆⏋⢚例䬰Ḕ⇡✆䙫⣡˚ⰲḔⰲ˚删˚曅˚㋨䛥俬˚巑✷俬 6 䨕Ə怙堳Ủ壤⯍樾˛ 㜓㬈⠘␱ⅎ⮠⋬㋓溶✆凮㷞⑳≸㮻ὲ˚ㇷ
⽉㖠㲼˚䆹ㇷ㘩Ḳ㔝丕䍮˚朙⤐䆹Ḳ䆹ㇷ㖠㲼䬰䙫䛟旃⾪⽾姿拫˛⭳ㇷḲ⟛弑Ủ壤⒨䛕∴㭊✏⮕⳵上⻚∴晉怙堳㈝⣽ⰼ䤡˛

85

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∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾⚲巨ȝ⹧⍿垻Ḛ⩝棑Țȓǳȕ⹊咢㳃敄⮕⳵䛳䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏Ḣ㟢堿㒦⮕⳵䛳̿⇡✆̷̯⟛弑͇˚⣡͜⮝˚ạ䉐˚⊼䉐͂́⤁ⱷ̷̓ͧͣ˛    ⮕⳵䛳䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏͇̿˚⮕⳵䛳̿⇡✆̷̯⟛弑̞̹͆˚Ị塏䙫͂䔆䛕⏋⢚例˚奦惤⎆⏋⢚例˚㖗䔗⎆⏋⢚例͢͠⇡✆̷̯⣡˚⬷㋨⮝˚删˚浶˚䛥㋨̹ạ˚巑̧ạ͆  Ἲͪ⾐K䙫壤ὃ⮆槺ͪ堳̷̻˛ằ⛅͇˚䱿✆̀㷞⑳≋͆㮻䍮˚ㇷ⽉㖠㲼˚䄣ㇷ㘩͆⎵丕䍮˚憵䄣̥̓ͣ͠䄣ㇷ㖠㲼䬰͆㤃姵ͪ堳̷̻姿挙ͪ⠘␱̱ͣ˛   ⭳ㇷ̷̯⟛弑⾐K⒨͇˚䏥✏˚⮕⳵䛳⹨∴⺔̓̾憵⣽ⰼ䤡Ḕ̿ͣ̚˛

87Preliminary Analysis of Replica Experimenton Prehistoric Haniwa
Goto Kiyotaka
Section Chief, Saitobaru Archaeological Museum of Miyazaki Prefecture

Abstract
The various themes of haniwa excavated in Miyazaki Prefecture
range from pots, houses, figures to animals. Saitobaru ArchaeologicalMuseum of Miyazaki Prefecture has selected, among all unearthedhaniwa, the most representative six relics, including pots, house in house,boats, chickens, shield bearers, and kneelers, from Ikime burial mounds,
Saitobaru burial mounds, and Nyutabaru burial mounds for restorative
experiments. This presentation includes notes on the proportion of clay
and mixture, forming techniques, shrink rate when fired, and open fire
pottery techniques. The restored haniwa is currently on outdoors display
at the front garden of the Miyazaki Prefectural Government Office
Building.

88∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾⚲巨ȝ⹧⍿垻Ḛ⩝棑Țȓǳȕ⹊咢㳃敄⮕⳵䛳䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏Ḣ㟢̫̹͇ͫ̓˛㗌㜓⮕⳵䛳䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏͆⽳嗋㷬晭̀姧̜͖̱˛㜓㗌͇˚⼺椏̿堳̷̜͖̯˚⟛弑͆⾐K⒨壤ὃ⮆槺̼̜̓̾䙡塏̯͖̱˛̧̢̯ͥ͠栿̷̜̜̯͖̱˛89䦨͆ἶ͘⮕⳵䛳͇˚㗌㜓͆⌾̓ἴ何̯˚㸐㙽͂㯾̤䉠⾛̱̿˛⏋⢚例͆㭲͚͢剖̧˚Ḕ͇̓˚⏋⢚̤怇̷ͤ͡柪̓㛧͚徸̜㙖妚ͪằ̧͚͠㭲̯̜̾ͣ䂠̤娼ᾈ̭ͤ˚⮕⳵ⷩƝ䔆䛕⏋⢚例˚奦惤ⷩƝ奦惤
⎆⏋⢚例˚㖗⮳䔡Ɲ㖗䔗⎆⏋⢚例̤˚˥⏋Ịạ͆θΡληωΞƐ⏗✗̓䵜ͪ㎶̧⌾⛤⮕⳵͆⏋⢚㙖妚Ɛ˦̯̀̾ 2018 ⹛ 5 㛯˚㗌㜓恡䔊̓婴⮁̭ͤ
̷͖̯˛

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∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾̫ͤͪ姿⿜̯˚䉠∌ⰼ˥⟛弑͆ͣ̚梏㙖ǡ㗌㜓恡䔊˥⌾⛤⮕⳵͆⏋⢚㙖妚˦̀⟛弑ǡ˦ͪ敲ₓ̷̯͖̯˛̷͖˚˥⟛弑⾐KέσΎͽ΅Ξ˦̯̀̾˚⼺椏͆⏋Ị䔆㴢Ἲ槺椏̢̜̓̾˚䔆䛕⏋⢚例Ɲ˥⣡⽉⟛弑˦˚奦惤⎆⏋⢚例Ɲ˥⬷㋨⮝˦˚˥删˦˚㖗䔗⎆⏋⢚例Ɲ˥䛥㋨ạ˦˚˥巑̧ạ˦˚˥浶⽉⟛弑˦͆ 6 䂠ͪ⎆⯟⤎̿⾐Ḵ̷̫͖̯ͣ̀̓͂͢˛ằ⛅͆έσΎͽ΅Ξ͇̿˚壤ὃ㖠㲼˚䉠̓憵䄣̥͆䄣ㇷ̼̜̓̾㤃姵̢̯͖̱̾͢˛ằ⛅͇奭̜❲憵䄣̥ͪ堳̷̜͖̯˛㮻廪̷͙͆˚㕗䂠͇曢㯾䪖̿͆䄣ㇷ͚堳̷̜͖̯˛憵䄣̥䄣ㇷ̼̜͇̓̾˥⬷㋨⮝˦˚˥删˦˚˥巑̧ạ˦ͪ∝ὃ̷̯͖̯˛曢㯾䪖䄣ㇷ̼̜͇̓̾˥⣡⽉⟛弑˦˚˥䛥㋨ạ˦˚˥巑̧ạ˦˚˥浶⽉⟛弑˦ͪ∝ὃ̢̯͖̱̾͢˛91̵͇ͤ̿㤃姵͆⮆暂̱̿˛⦲͙̓䱿✆̧̱̽̿͢˛⮕⳵䛳͇̿˚⟛弑ͪ∝ὃ̷̯̀͗ͤͣ͡恡巈͇䙡奲̭̜͖̳ͤ̾ͫ͆̿˚̸̥̩̿ͣ✗K͆䱿✆ͪὦ̻̾∝ὃ̯̞̀͠俪̷̠͖̯˛̯̣̯˚⼺椏徸暊̿㎈⎽̷̥̿䱿✆̸̩͇̿憵䄣̥䄣ㇷ̓俷̷̠̜͙ͤ͂͡˚䱿✆͆ 85ƈ͇晝功䔏͆䱿✆ͪὦ䔏̷̯͖̯˛㷞⑳≋̯̀̾͆䟩͇˚䱿✆䶶憶͆ 10ƈͪ㷞̴̢͖̱̾͢˛䱿✆͆䷛͇͢˚⯩䔏͆㩆㢗ͪὦ̻̾堳̷̜͖̯˛92∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾㬈̓ㇷ⽉̱̿˛Ṳ∴͆ṥ䇌̀䄣ㇷ⮆槺̓͢͠䱿✆͆⎵丕䍮̤䳫 90ƈ͆ΝϒΕ̤⽾̷̜͖̯ͤ̾͆̿͡˚⮆䉐͆䳫 110ƈ̿ㇷ⽉̷̯͖̯˛⟡㜓䙫̓䳷ὃ̯̜͖̱̤ͪ̾͢˚惏⇭䙫͇̓㝦ὃ͚͢堳̢̻͖̱̾͢˛ㇷ⽉㜆敺͇˚1 䂠̼̥̓Ɣǡƕ㗌̣̣͖̱͢˛⟛弑˥⬷㋨⮝˦̼̜͇̓̾˚⽉ͪῄ̾ͣ䧲⺍̓ṥ䇌̭̳̤͂͡ㇷ⽉̯͖̱͆̿˚Ɣ怘敺䧲⺍̣̣͖̱͢˛ṥ䇌͇˚⮋Ⅼ̓̾Ɣǡƕό㛯䧲⺍̣̣͖̱͢˛93凑䄝ṥ䇌̤⭳ṭ̷̯̜̜͡͠͠憵䄣̥䄣ㇷ̱̿˛͖̲˚⾐K⒨⅏Ἲͪ喨䷫̜̿ⷢ̾ῄ孞̯͖̱˛䛛䁒̤㎌姍̷̯暂˚⎱͋˚喨̀䁗͆奭̜̤ⴐͤ˚朙⇡惏̤䩡㯾̓姍̷̫ͤ̀̓ͣ͠㸐⺍ἵ̤ᷲ嵞̷̫̻暂̓䠛㏴̱ͣ͆ͪ昙̷̨͙̥͖̱̓ⷢ˛94∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾㬈͇憵䄣̥⠛㈧͆㹽₀̱̿˛憵䄣̥⠛㈧͇梏͆⽘柦ͪ⎾̷̧̧̩̱͙̓ͣ˚⑏̓͢✆㈲ͪ䮰̜̜͖̱̾˛✗杉̣͆͡㰛咟㯾ͪ⾐K⒨̓␟̷̳̜͙ͧ͂˚ᷧ⺍✗杉ͪ䩡䄁̥̯˚̵͆⽳˚✗杉̓憸ⱅ㝦ͪ㕞̥˚俷䁒ςω΂ͪ⏗̯̀̾娔何̯͖̱˛
⾐K⒨ͪ娔何̷̯͡˚䆪㖀̀匰㜏䁗̿⟛弑ͪ奭̜͖̱˛͖̲˚喑ͪ⾐K⒨͆⑏͢͜Ḕ˚ᷲ̓⅌ͤ˚䩨⇡̷̯惏⇭̓憸ⱅ͆奭̜ͪ墒̳͖̱˛㬈̓˚喨ͪ墒̳͖̱˛㛧⽳̓˚匰㜏䁗̿⅏Ἲͪ奭̜͖̱̤˚㕗΁㈧˚䩡㯾͆⇡⅌⏊͇敲̢̩̥͖̱̾˛95̜̜͠͠䁒⅌̱ͤ̿˛ᷲ͆㖠͢͠㕗ό㈧͆喨͢͠䁒⅌ͤͪ堳̜˚Ⅼ⁛͆喨̓䜧䁒̷̯̫̀ͥ̿匰㜏䁗ͪ墒̳͖̱˛䙤̜䅀̤䪲̷̹̻̥ᷱ̾͡˚⅏Ἲͪ⭳⅏̓匰㜏䁗̿奭̜͖̱˛96∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾䆪䄣∴⌱͇˚匰㜏䁗̿奭̷̻惏⇭̤ⴐ̯͖̞ͤ̾͆̿˚ⴐ̷ͤ惏⇭̓匰㜏䁗ͪ墒̳̾奭̜ͪ壃῕̯͖̱˛䆪䄣⽳⌱͇˚檿㸐̻̓͂̾䁵̤̤͖̱ᷱ͆̿͢˚昙䁒⯥䬽̯̀̾˚憸ⱅ㝦̿⅏Ἲͪ奭̜͖̱˛97䁒⅌ͤ⽳˚䳫 24 㘩敺̿䄣ㇷ͇䴩ṭ̱̿˛̸͖䆘ͪ㋨̻̜̾ͣ䁗ͪ晋⎢̯͖̱˛䠛㏴̯˚吤̱ᷲͣ惏⇭̤ͣ͆̿̚˚䁗͆Ẹ̄̀ᷨ͡⯎̓㎉̯͖̱˛凑䄝↞⍛⽳˚⻼̥̪͖̱ᷱ˛98∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾㰛㳾⽳˚⾐K⒨͆䠛㏴惏⇭ͪ䢡婴̯˚⎽͢⇡̷̯䠛䈮ͪ㎌⏯̯͖̱˛
㬇㏴惏⇭͇˚㨠僩̿ℬ⡒̯͖̱˛̫ͤ̿⭳ㇷ̱̿˛99̵͇ͤ̿ㇷ㞃̀俪⯆̱̿˛䄣ㇷƔ⛅䛕͇˚˥⬷㋨⮝˦̱̿˛˥⬷㋨⮝˦͆㦲怇ᷱ˚ḢⰲḔ⾪惏͇䁒̤⛅̧̜̓̀͢ペ⮁̯˚䁒⊂̷̪͙ͪᷱͣ✆⏗Ḕ⤕̓㜏䂔ͪ娔何̷̯͖̯˛̷͖˚̵͆ẽ͆䆪㖀̯̀̾喑͜㜏㜷ͪᷱ惏͜⑏御̓⤎憶̓娔何̷̯͖̯˛̵͆䴷㞃˚杅⸟̓⟬̧䄣̥䷇̷͖͖̯͢˛㋮̿⼥̧̀檿柚̤泛͓̱ͣ́̿˛̯̣̯˚䠛㏴͚㾧̧̯˚ếⱅⰲ͆䠛梏͇̤̤̜͖̱͗̿̾͞˛䠛㏴̷̯惏⇭͚㎌⏯̤̥̜͓̿͂́⎴͢徻̷̸̻̤̯̜͖̱ͫ̾͢͢͞˛⎆⛇͇˚䆪㖀̤⤁̷̱̦̫̱̀̿˛䉠̓㜏䂔͇䆪䄣㘩̓ 1,000濎ͪ嵬̠͖̱͆̿˚䁒⊂̤⼞̷̱̦͖̯˛⯥䬽̯̀̾˚䆪㖀ͪ㸂̱̫̀͡˚䩨⇡惏⇭̓喨䷫˚憸ⱅ㝦͆奭̜ͪ墒̷̳̫̯͖̯ͣ̀̓˛100∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾䄣ㇷƕ⛅䛕͇˚˥删˦̱̿˛䩨⇡惏⇭ͪ喨䷫̿ῄ孞̷̯͖̯˛溹㕸͚㕗ό㈧̓䙡䔆̯˚䄣ㇷ䊝ㄲ͇剖⥤̱̿˛101䄣ㇷƖ⛅䛕͇˚˥⬷㋨⮝˦̱̿˛䜧䁒⽳˚㕗⌨⇭̿䠛墩柚ͪ㕗⛅䢡婴̷̯͖̯˛㸐⺍⣰⋽͇˚䜧䁒⽳ 8 㘩敺͖͇̿ 400濎ỌⅬͪῄ̷̻̜͖̯̤̾˚
̵͆⽳˚㸐⺍̤ᷱ㗮̷̯͖̯˛侳㜄˚23 㘩敺⽳͇˚䆪㖀͇䁗̢̻̓͂̾͢˚㸐⺍͇ 250濎∴⽳̷͖̤͖̯̿ᷲ͢˛⅏Ἲ䙫̧̤͇̓͗͂͞˚溹㕸͚㕗ό㈧̓䙡䔆̯˚䄣ㇷ䊝ㄲ͇剖⥤̷̯̿˛ᷧ惏溹䁗剙̜͖͖̿⌱䄣̩䊝ㄲ̷̯̿˛ṧ墩ͪ㕗ό㈧䢡婴̷̯͖̯̤˚ṥ䇌㘩̓䙡䔆̷̯䭮㈧͈̣
̷̯̿͢˛䠛㏴惏⇭͇˚䜧䁒⽳͆䠛墩柚䙡䔆㘩̓≌曉㬇㏴̷̯͚͆̀奲͖̱ͤ͡˛䜧䁒✗䂠̧̬͆徸̷̧̯̿˛檿㸐̓㗐̷̧̱̦͂̀͢俪̠͖̱ͤ͡˛⯥䬽̯͇̀̾˚喨䷫͆ῄ孞
䭮㈧ͪ⡾̱̫̀̀͜˚喨ͪ⡾̨̯̱̾̓͜䛛䁒̤⼺̷̜̞̱͂̓ͣ͡͠
̫̤̀俪̠͖̱ͤ͡˛102∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾䄣ㇷƗ⛅䛕͇˚˥巑̧ạ˦̱̿˛䩨⇡惏⇭ͪ喨䷫̿ῄ孞̷̯͖̯˛̯̣̯˚䩨⇡惏⇭̤⤁̧˚檿̭̀⸬͆㮻̤⤎̷̥̜͙˚奭̷̻喨̀䁗̤ⴐͤ吤̹˚䆪䄣ᷴ嶚̓ͣ͠⌱䄣̷̩͖̯̓͂͢˛⏚儼͆㬇㏴͇˚ㇷ⽉⽳͆ṥ䇌Ḕ̓ΨΩ̤⅌̷̻惏⇭̤≙̷̷͙ͤ̓
嵞̷̫͖̯͢˛103

ằ⽳͆䄣ㇷ̿͆⯥䬽̯̀̾˚䱿✆ㇷ⽉㘩̓䩨⇡惏⇭͇㕙̥䷇͙ͪ堳̜˚⼞⺍̪̫ͪᷱͣ̀˛凑䄝ṥ䇌㘩̓≙͇ͤͣ͆˚↓͆ṥ䇌̷͙͆̓ṥ䇌̤㗐̷͖͙ͣ˚⊇㹦♏䬰ͪὦ䔏̯̾㹦⺍̪ͪᷱ˚ṥ䇌怆⺍ͪ䷐̣̱̫̓ͣ̀͜˛䄣ㇷ㘩͇˚䜧䁒䛛⽳̓檿㸐惏⇭̤䛛㎌⼺̷̜̞͂̓͡͠˚✆♏䈮ϑ憸ⱅ㝦䬰̿䩨⇡惏ͪ奭̜˚̭̓͡匰喨͆憶ͪ⡾̱̫̤̀͜㌀̪͖̱ͤ͡˛104∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾ằ⛅⮆㖤̷̯˥⟛弑⾐KέσΎͽ΅Ξ˦̿⭳ㇷ̷̯⾐K⒨͇˚2020⹛ 7 㛯̣͡ 2021 ⹛ 1 㛯͖̿⼺椏̿ⰼ䤡̷͖̯˛̵͆⽳˚⮕⳵䛳⹨㜓椏∴⺔̓⸟娔̷̯͚͚͖̱͆̚͢Ƌị⑳ 2 ⹛ 2 㛯ǡƌ˛ⰲ⣽ⰼ䤡̻̓̾͠凑䄝㝈ờᷲ̿⾐K⒨͆俷Ḭ『ͪ㤃娣̯̜̫̱̾ͣ̀ͥ̿˛⮕⳵䛳⹨͇̓ƙ䂠ⰼ䤡̯̜͖̱̾˛˥⬷㋨⮝˦͇˚Ɩ⛅䛕̓䄣ㇷ̷̯͚͆ͪⰼ䤡̷̯͖̯˛ⰲ⣽ⰼ䤡ͪ⦲͙̾ƕό㛯䴳̷̜̞̹͂̓ⷍếⱅⰲ͆溹䁗剙̿ͣ̚⌱䄣̩惏⇭̓ṧ墩̤⅌͢壃῕̷̯͖̯ͪ˛̭̓͡Ɣ̣㛯⽳˚ẽ͆惏⇭͚̓⤎̧̥ṧ墩̤⅌̷͖̯͢˛⌱䄣̩̿䱿✆̤⣰『̷̷̯̜̣̻͙̾͂̓˚曏̿⯸̯̲̼㺝̷̩̜͖̯̾˛ⷍếⱅⰲ͇˚ⅴ⺍∝ὃ̯˚㎌⏯̷̯͖̯˛̵͆⽳˚䳫ƔƔό㛯˚
䠛㏴͇͖̳ͫ̚͢˛⅏Ἲ䙫̓˚塏杉̓啫̜劻̤䔆̠˚溫䶸剙̻̥̓͂̾
̷͖̯˛

105

ẽ͆憵䄣̥䄣ㇷ˥删˦͇˚䠛㏴̧̱̫ͣ̀͂˚塏杉̓啫̜劻̤䔆̠̜͖̱̾˛̥̹ͫ̀䄣ㇷ̷̥̜̞̱̿̾̿͠˛曢㯾䪖䄣ㇷ͆˥巑̧ạ˦˚˥䛥㋨ạ˦˚˥浶⽉⟛弑˦˚˥⣡⽉⟛弑˦͚˚
䠛㏴̧̱̫ͣ̀͂˚塏杉̓啫̜劻̤䔆̠̜͖̱̾˛106∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾Ɣ⛅䛕䄣ㇷ͆˥⬷㋨⮝˦͇˚䄣̥䷇̷̷͖̱̦̜͙̣̾͢˚曏̓㺝̧̩̫ͣ̀͂ⰲ⣽ⰼ䤡ͪ䶁̩̜͖̱̾˛䏥✏͇˚⼺椏͆⏋Ị䔆㴢Ἲ槺椏∴̓̾˚㒕⽘ΏγΙΞ̻̜͖̱̓͂̾˛Ɨ⛅䛕䄣ㇷ͆˥巑̧ạ˦͇˚曢㯾䪖̿ⅴ䄣ㇷ̯˚溹㕸̷̧̤͖̯͂͂͢˛喨䷫͆巈͇䢡婴̥͖̱̿˛䏥✏͇˚⏋Ị䔆㴢Ἲ槺椏͆䍫斉̓̾䛲㝦⟛弑̯̀̾㴢年Ḕ̱̿˛⮆暂̓⇡✆̷̯⟛弑̀͆㮻廪͇㘩敺䙫̓ᷴ⏖僤͖̱̤̿̚͢˚ằ⽳͆䟻䩝͆ᷧ⊐͈̓͂ͤ̀㜆⽬̯˚⼺椏͆㊬⼺俬̯̀̾㤃娣ͪ⻼̥䶀̷̜̜̥̜̿̀〄̜͖̱˛̬杀偛̷̤̞̬̮̜͖̯̀̚͢˛

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∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾⃛妔⊰ℋ⚲巨ᶽ垻⪤椕⹊咢㳃敄⮕⳵上䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏䟻䩝Ⓢ⤎⮝⥤˛ㇸ㘖㗌㜓⮕⳵上䪲奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏䙫⽳嗋㷬晭˛ằ⤐Əㇸ⯮媑㗵✏奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏㈧怙堳䙫⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾怵䧲Ə媲⤁⤁㋮㕀˛109⮕⳵上ἴ㖣㗌㜓⌾惏Ə㰊㺒㙽˛⏋⢚例ῄ⬿剖⥤Ə⅝ḔƏ娼⃠䂡ῄ⬿剖⥤⮂勌⏋⢚⻡ㇷḲ㘩䙫⏋⢚例䂡⮕⳵ⷩ䙫䔆䛕⏋⢚例˚奦惤ⷩ䙫奦惤⎆⏋⢚例ƏỌ⎱ 2018 ⹛ 5 㛯Ọ˥⏋ạ䙫䳧⿜䡸 - ✏凡✗ᷱ㎶乑䙫䆘⸝⮕⳵⏋⢚㙖妧˦䍙㗌㜓᷽䔳恡䔉婴⮁䙫㖗⮳䔡㖗䔗⎆⏋⢚例˛110∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾䂡ṭ䳧⿜㖗䔗⎆⏋⢚例䍙㗌㜓᷽䔳恡䔉婴⮁Ə䉠徍䏭˥⟛弑䙫壈梏㙖 –㗌㜓᷽䔳恡䔉˧䆘⸝⮕⳵⏋⢚㙖妧˨凮⟛弑˦䉠ⰼ˛㭋⣽Ə✏㜓椏⏋Ị䔆㴢檻樾椏徍䏭䙫˥⟛弑Ủ壤ⷌὃ✱˦ƏỌ⎆Ⱑ⯟⤎⯶Ủ壤䔆䛕⏋⢚例䙫˥⣡⽉⟛弑˦˚奦惤⎆⏋⢚例䙫˥⬷㋨⮝⟛弑˦(⸝⯶ⰲ䙫ⰲ⽉⟛弑)凮˥删⽉⟛弑˦˚㖗䔗⎆⏋⢚例䙫˥㋨䛥䙫ạ⽉⟛弑˦
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˚˥曅⽉⟛弑˦䬰 6 ờ㕮䉐˛㜓ⷌὃ✱䙫憴滅✏㖣⥩Ἴ䆹壤Ə䉠∌㘖朙⤐䆹壤Ə⛇㭋怀㬈㎈䔏奭咲❲朙⤐䆹㖠⻶怙堳ƞ䂡ṭ㮻廪䟻䩝Ə⅝ḔᷧẂṆ㎈䔏ṭ曢䪖䆹壤˛㎈朙⤐䆹壤㖠㲼䙫⋬␒˥⬷㋨⮝⟛弑˦˚˥删⽉⟛弑˦⎱˥巑⧦䙫ạ⽉⟛弑˦ƞ俳䔏曢䪖䆹壤䙫⋬␒˥⣡⽉⟛弑˦˚˥㋨䛥䙫ạ⽉⟛弑˦˚˥巑⧦䙫ạ⽉⟛弑˦⎱˥曅⽉⟛弑˦˛111Ọᷲ㘖ⷌὃ✱䙫㪉姵˛楽ℯ㘖˥晝✆˦˛⮕⳵上Ⰱ㜑䙣䏥壤ὃ⟛弑䙫恡巈Ə⛇㭋㜓㬈ⷌὃ✱⎆ペ⃿憶ὦ䔏㜓✗䙫溶✆Ὥ壤ὃ˛Ἥ㘖Ə奦惤⎆俪⏋⍁䉐椏⑏恱⎽⽾䙫溶✆Ə䄈㲼忶怵朙⤐䆹壤俳ㇷ⽉Ə㈧Ọ㜓㬈ⷌὃ✱ὦ䔏䙫晝✆Ə85%䙫ㇷ⇭䂡晝䓞⯯䔏✆(Ὲ㧩晝✆)˚10%䂡
㖗⮳䔡䙫溶✆˚5%䂡⮕⳵ⷩ䙫溶✆˛ὃ䂡㑢⏯㖀䙫䟩(䱹⽸ 1.5-5mm)∮Ἳ晝✆两憶䙫 10%˛˥䷛✆˦∮㘖忶怵㩆♏⯮晝✆凮㑢⏯㖀✮⋢㷞⏯㏺㎰˛112∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾㎌吾㘖˥ㇷ⽉˦˛㠠㓁Ḳ∴䙫䆹壤⯍樾⽾䟌Ə怀䨕晝✆䙫㔝丕䍮䳫䂡 10%Ə⛇㭋䔏⯍䉐䙫 110%䙫晝✆Ὥ壤ὃㇷ⽉˛㜓㬈壤ὃḢ奨㎈㳌㢄䛋䮰㲼Ə惏⇭㎈✆㝦ㇷ⽉㲼Ə䔏˥DOBE(Οίą) 1˦
㎌⏯⏫惏ἴ˛㮶ờ⟛弑壤ὃㇷ⽉䳫曧 1-2 㗌Ə俳˥⬷㋨⮝⟛弑˦曧奨ℯ惏⇭ṥ䇌⽳Əⅴ怙堳⏍ᷧ惏Ụ䙫壤ὃƏ⛇㭋壤ὃㇷ⽉䳫曧 1 怘˛
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奭咲˛

116

∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾䆹壤䙫∴⌱㮜㘩敺Əᷧ㗍匰㜏䁗奭咲䙫✗㖠㛰⠳晞ƏⰘ奨䔏匰㜏䁗ⅴ㬈奭咲˛∗ṭ䆹壤䙫⽳⌱㮜㘩敺Ə䁒䆫ᷱ⌮˚㺒⺍檿Ə䔏憸ⱓ㝦⯮㕛檻⋬奭Ə恦ℴ檿㺒䁒䆫䛛㎌㎌姟Ủ壤⒨˛117䵺怵䆹壤䳫 24 ⯶㘩⽳Ə䴩㖣⭳ㇷ˛⯮㛰棿䆘䙫䁗䇣⎢晋Əḍ✏䁗䇣Ḕẻ䴗㟌䛲㘖␍㛰⛇䠛㏴俳㍰吤䙫惏⇭Ə⽬凑䄝↞⍢⽳Əⅴ⯮Ủ壤⒨⎽⇡˛118∄媽⏙∴⟛弑Ủ壤⯍樾䔏㰛㷬㳾⽳Ə㪉㟌Ủ壤⒨䠛㏴䙫惏⇭Ə⯮ℯ∴㒦㋥䙫䠛䈮溶⏯⛅⎢ƞ
俳於⤘䙫✗㖠∮䔏㨠僩῕壃Ə凚㭋Ⱈ䭾⭳ㇷṭ˛

119

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128䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

㘌㷠湋Lee Hanyong⅏尞⏙∴⍁䉐椏椏敞Director, Jeongok Prehistory Museum䛒䤴曖⚝枺⛲凱䟚♏㘩Ị俪⏋˚㕮⋽岮䔉ῄ⬿Areas of Research
Paleolithic archaeology in Korea,
Cultural heritage preservation

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䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶䖢湚傸⭧䐩ᳫ䕂ᵸ⸠◔ᾍ㘌㷠湋⅏尞⏙∴⍁䉐椏椏敞㌖堿
䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒㘖枺⛲䙣䏥㛧⏋俨䙫㖗䟚♏㘩ỊⲐ䕒恡✧˛怀Ⲑ䕒墒婴䂡⤎䳫㖣 7,000 ⹛∴䙫㖗䟚♏㘩Ị䔉䔆˛∢✏Ⲑ䟚ᷱ䙫⛽䕒㋰⅝Ḣ栳⇭䂡⛂䨕Ɲạ䉐˚⊼䉐˚ⷌ⅞Ọ⎱䄈㲼徍∌䙫⽉䉐˛⤎⤁㕟ạ₶惤㘖ạ檻⁛杉䙫⅏庒䕒₶ƏṆ㛰㋦吾⻺䮔˚凰嵞曀冩˚␠敞㢴䋐䍜⊼䉐䙫ạ₶˛

131

Human Figures of Bangudae Petroglyphs
Lee Hanyong
Director, Jeongok Prehistory Museum

Abstract
Bangudae Petroglyphs are the oldest Neolithic rock art site
discovered in Korea. This Petroglyphs are considered to be produced
about 7,000 years ago in the Neolithic Age. The drawings carved on therock are categorized into four figures by their topics: human figures,animal figures tool figures and unidentified figures. Most of the humanfigures are full-length portraits of the side of human bodies, and there arealso people hunting animals with a bow, raising up both arms, andblowing a long stick.

132䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

Human Figures of Bangudae Petroglyphs
Lee Hanyong
Director, Jeongok Prehistory Museum

1. Introduction
Bangudae Petroglyphs are in the whole region of 999-1, Daegok-ri,
Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan. There are drawings intensively engraved
on a flat and vertical surface of a rock having a width of 8 meters and aheight of 3 meters at a steep cliff on a riverside of Daegokcheon Stream,a branch of Taehwagang River in Ulsan. A few more drawings areengraved on ten rock surfaces around the rock. Bangudae Petroglyphs
were discovered by a report from a local resident on December 25, 1971,
while MOON Myeong-dae, LEE Yung-jo, and KIM Jeong-bae wereresearching petroglyphs in Cheonjeon-ri. 191 drawings from the rockwere first introduced in the report published by Donguk University
Museum in 1984, and they were designated as Korean National Treasure
No. 285 in 1995 as their importance was widely recognized. Throughprecision research by Ulsan Petroglyph Museum of BANGUDAE in 2013,
total 307 shapes were identified.

Figure 1: Close–range view of Bangudae Petroglyphs

133

Figure 2: Distant view of Bangudea Petroglyphs

Bangudae Petroglyphs are the oldest Neolithic rock art site
discovered in Korea. Among the drawings carved on rocks, the very
realistic drawing of hunting whales, considered to be produced about
7,000 years ago in the Neolithic Age, is estimated to be one of the oldest
whale hunting drawings in the world. Before Bangudae Petroglyphs were
known to academic circles in other countries, the time that humans
started to hunt whales for the first time had been estimated to the 10th to11th century. Bangudae Petroglyphs are the set of drawings that show thewhale hunting had started thousands of years before that, and they are
considered as the first whale hunting relic and important remains tounderstand Neolithic maritime fishery culture in the North Pacific coasts
as well. This article will search archaeological meanings of Bangudae
Petroglyphs and introduce various activities about preservation andutilization of Bangudae Petroglyphs.

134

135
䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

Figure 3: Drawings of Bangudae

2. Topics of the Petroglyphs
The lithology carved with Bangudae Petroglyphs consist of shale andhornfels. The rock surface with those petroglyphs faces the north, so lightshines on the rock only around the sunset, and they are on the rockshelter, meaning the rock of which top protrudes to the front. The
drawings carved on the rock are categorized into four figures by their
topics: human figures that depict whole bodies and faces of humans,
animal figures that depict sea and land animals, tool figures related tohunting and fishery like ships and floats, and unidentified figures, of which
topics and shapes are unable to be clearly defined.

1) Human Figures
Most of the human figures are full-length portraits of the side ofhuman bodies, and there are also people hunting animals with a bow,raising up both arms, and blowing a long stick. Among them, the people
with bows and blowing sticks are understood to display hunting scenes.
The human figure that shoots an arrow is rather clearly described, whichmakes it easy to guess the person is holding a bow. Except for this, thehuman figure blowing long stick is carved at least twice. There are twodifferent opinions about this: one argues that the person is using a
poisoned needle for hunting, and the other argues that the person isblowing a pipe. The people who say that the person is blowing a pipe
think that this pipe is a musical instrument related to a religious ceremony.
However, some think that this pipe is rather a tool for hunting, not a
musical instrument; people in Siberia use a short pipe to mock the soundof baby deer in order to cheat female deer when hunting musk deer, andthe pipe mocks the sound that female deer makes by rubbing its horns to
the ground in the mating season, in order to lure male deer for hunting.

136䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

Most of the side full-length portraits have somewhat exaggerated
phalluses, a figure has a frontal view raising up both arms and spread thelimbs, and a figure seems to wear a mask on a face. (Lee, 2004)

Figure 4: Human figure of Bangudae Petroglyphs

The figure of the Bangudae Petroglyph in Daegok-ri, Ulsan, features
about 50 people, including a masked human face, Shaman dancing witharms and legs spread sideways, 37 people on a whaling boat, and 10
people with musical instruments or weapons. They expressed the lives ofpeople who lived in Daegokcheon Stream, where the Bangudae
Petroglyphs were located, using fish and herding as a livelihood
Human figures of Bangudae Petroglyph are can be said to be
paintings that express the lives of people who live in the Daegokcheon
Stream area, where Bangudae Petroglyphs are located.
The paintings of human figures are can be seen as shamanistic
expressing that wishes of the people at the time who wanted fertility andabundance of prehistoric people.
1372) Animal Figures
The animal figures render shapes and ecological features of eachanimal so well that it is possible to identify its specific species.
(1) Whales
Whales make up the largest animal figures of the petroglyphs. Mostof the whale drawings are found on the left side of the art rock. Whales
take up 30% of the various animals among the drawings on the rock, so
Bangudae Petroglyphs can easily be called as Whale Petroglyphs. Also,
since the whale drawings are very realistic, detailed, and lively, they are
estimated to be created by professional whale hunting groups. The whale
petroglyphs are so vivid and accurate that they are the record petroglyphs
that show an ecosystem of whales and whale hunting skills. Bangudae
Whale Petroglyphs can be called as the one and only ocean hunting relicin the world. (Joo, 2016)

Figure 5: Whales of Bangudae Petroglyphs

Most of the whale species in the petroglyphs are great whales that
migrate to the far ocean, such as northern right whales, humpback138䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

whales, southern right whales, gray whales, and sperm whales. Most of
the drawings are 20 to 30 cm, and the biggest one is about 80 cm while
the smallest one is about 10 cm. Most of them are bird’s-eye drawings, as
if the whales were viewed from the sky, and they are swimming in groups
heading upwards.
It looks like that the side-showing whales' horizontal tails, which are
different from fish's, are intentionally depicted the tails diagonally using
the twisting technique. Other drawings vividly render the ecologicalcharacteristics of whales, too, including a mother whale having its babyon the back and a whale jumping above the water. A whale picture ofwhich belly is horizontally shown over the water is assumed to be dead,and stripes on some whales' bodies could be lines for dissecting or
distributing them, which are very similar to natives' pictures in
ethnography materials which show distribution of whale meat. Thesedrawings are important materials that hold information about hunting anddistributing great animals like whales. It is safe to say that the most artistic
part of Bangudae Petroglyphs is the expression of those whales.(Song,2012)
These whale drawings are assumed to be engraved in the earliest
period among the drawings of Bangudae Petroglyphs, which seemed tobe drawn from the late Neolithic Age and to the Bronze Age. There havebeen a few opinions about how people from the Neolithic Age captured awhale. Some say that they went to the wide sea to catch a whale because
a drawing of the petroglyphs renders the image of lots of people rowing aship. Since they are on a ship and the bow and stem of the ship are bent
like a half moon, the ship drawing of Bangudae Petroglyphs is understood
to be an Umiak, which is used by professional whale hunting groups in
the Arctic Circle and North Pacific. Also, harpoons into the body of thewhale and floats hung by a rope are connected to a ship, and those tools
are thought to be identical to those used by natives when hunting a whale
until now. On the contrary, some people do not think that the people went139

out to the sea to catch whales but hunted whales who could not escapeTaehwagang River, which is assumed to have the ebb and flow deep into
the river in the ancient time. (Jeon, 2015)(2) Other Animals Except for Whales
Other animals on Bangudae Petroglyphs except for whales are
categorized into land animals, including deer, roe deer, elks, wild boars,
and carnivores like tigers, leopards, and wolves, and sea animals like sea
turtles, seals, fish, sea birds. Most of the sea animals are found on theright side of the major rock surface. Unlike whales, their side portraits areusually rendered, and this is the best drawing technique to perfectly
express land animals with four legs. The species of deer can be
distinguished by horns, shapes of a body, patterns of fur, and length of atail and legs. The species of carnivores can be determined by patterns ofa body, length of a tail and legs, and shoulder lines, etc. Lots of the land
animal drawings have only outlines and patterns drawn with lines while
the bodies of the whale drawings were expressed by chipping stones.
This difference might reflect the time gap when thinking of theiroverlapping relationship.
Bangudae Petroglyphs have a few sea turtles, seals, fish, and birds.
The side of a shark and the head of a salmon jumping above the water
are depicted. The bird drawings might express the sea birds flockingaround the whale that hunts for its prey, as they are always shown near
the whale drawing.

3) Tool Figures
The tool figures, including ships, floats, harpoons, nets, weirs, bow,etc., are related to hunting and fishery, offering information about theperiod of the relic and the life at that time. Some pictures of the relic have140䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

the scenes catching a whale using a net and capturing a tiger. A net fromthe prehistoric age has not been excavated in Korean archaeologicalscenes so far, but, according to the subtle trace of a net printed on aearthenware excavated from a shell mound in Dongsam-dong, it isestimated that nets were widely used for fishery and hunting.
Meanwhile, many scholars recently think that the drawings that havebeen interpreted as wooden fences or pounds must be weirs, not thefences, because land animals are not expressed there and the outlines ofshapes inside the fences are more like fish.

3. Production Period of the Petroglyphs
Scholars have had different opinions on the production period of
Bangudae Petroglyphs since the discovery because they have been
exposed outside for a long time and this makes it hard to estimate theproduction period. Though there can be differences in opinions, many
assume that they were produced around the late Neolithic Age to theBronze Age.
Nevertheless, most of the scholars say that it could not be the relicfrom the Bronze Age for the following reasons; Cheonjeon-ri Petroglyphs
that have totally different topics are only 2 km away, and the drawings ofthe Bronze Age discovered in the southern area of Korea, including
swords, concentric circles, vulvas, grips of stone swords, and abstract
geometric figures, are not be found in Bangudae Petroglyphs at all.
Recently, there have been more objective and scientific attempts todetermine the production period using archeological data. According toan analysis result of animal remains in shell mounds in Ulsan and thesoutheast coast and a study on the paleoenvironment of Ulsan Bay, theproduction period of the relic is estimated to be about 7,000 to 3,500
years ago.
141

The fact that lots of relics related to topics of the Petroglyphs arefound in the Neolithic relics in the Korean Peninsula also helps toestimate the production period. In addition, the period can be identified
with archeological materials including a dugout excavated in a Neolithic
shell mound in Bibongri, Changnyeong, in 2005 and a whale bone taken
hold by a harpoon excavated in a shell mound in Hwangseong-dong,
Ulsan, in 2010. Especially, the whale bone stuck with the harpoon is thecritical physical evidence for the production period of the petroglyphs.
This makes us assume that whale hunting had been conducted from atleast 7,000 years ago in Ulsan Bay and coastal areas in the past and thatthe petroglyphs had been engraved by whale hunting groups at that time.
By examining living environments, hunting and fishing tools, relevant
relics, and the context of the age comprehensively, the production periodof the petroglyphs is considered to belong to the Neolithic Age.

4. Utilization of Bangudae Petroglyphs
Bangudae Petroglyphs are assessed to be the oldest whale hunting
drawings in the world and the cultural assets of mankind that holds themaritime fishery culture in the North Pacific coasts. To preserve andutilize Bangudae Petroglyphs, the treasured cultural assets that havedelivered the life and an aesthetic sense in the prehistoric age, Ulsan
Petroglyph Museum of BANGUDAE was established near Bangudae
Petroglyphs in May 2008.

142䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

Figure 6: Ulsan Petroglyphs Museum (Ulsan Daegokcheon Museum)

The museum is near the entrance of Bangugyo Bridge in
Daegokcheon Stream, Cheonjeon-ri, Dudong-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan.
The wooden building symbolizing a whale was built in the site of 8,960 Ы,
having a dual structure on the floor space of 2,025 Ы.
In the museum, a variety of models and pictures are exhibited:
mock-ups of Bangudae Petroglyphs and petroglyphs at Cheonjeon-ri,
three-dimensional video facilities introducing the petroglyph relics, othermodels to enhance understanding on life of prehistoric people. Also, there
are various special exhibitions and cultural lectures related to Bangudae
Petroglyphs and other various cultural educational programs.
It is well-known that the residents have tried hard to preserve
Bangudae Petroglyphs. A lot of them are acting as cultural asset curators
for the relic. As someone has said that active utilization of a relic is also
active preservation, a variety of efforts are on the way to utilize Bangudae
Petroglyphs. Through the harmony of preservation and utilization, thevalue of Bangudae Petroglyphs will be delivered well to future
generations.

143

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144䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶Song Hwa-seob
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䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

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Ḕ䙫 191 ⸬Ⲑ䕒ƞ1995 ⹛⛇⅝憴奨『䍙⽾⻊㳂婴⏳Ə俳墒㋮⮁䂡枺⛲⛲⯝䬓 285 噆˛2013 ⹛Ə䵺唁ⱘⲐ䕒⍁䉐椏丄⮭䟻䩝⽳Ə⅘徏嬿⇡ 307 䨕⛽⽉˛

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䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒䙫Ⲑ『㘖䔘柨Ⲑ⎱妹Ⲑ㈧䴫ㇷƏⲐ䕒杉㜄⋾Ə⛇ᷱ㖠䩨⇡䙫Ⲑ䟚恕唤Ə㈧Ọ⏑㛰✏㗌吤㘩⇭㈴㛪墒晤ℰ㈧䅎⯫∗˛䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒ᾄḢ栳⏖⇭䂡⛂桅Ɲ䬓ᷧ桅䂡ạƏ㎶乑ạ⽉凮ạ冰ƞ䬓ṳ桅䂡⊼䉐Ə⋬␒㵞㳲凮晟✗䙫⊼䉐ƞ䬓ᷰ桅䂡ⷌ⅞Ə䉠∌㘖㛰旃䋐䍜凮㻨䍜Ə⥩删⑳䬶ƞ䬓⛂桅䂡䄈㲼徏嬿Ə䄈媽㘖⾅Ḣ栳恫㘖⣽❲惤曊Ọ∋㖞䔳⮁˛148

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䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶

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㥔䙫㌼每ạ例˛每歁⛽₶杅⸟䔆⊼᷻㹽䢡䙫∢䕒⇡每歁䙫䔆ㄲ䳢䵘⑳㌼每
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153⏖ὃ䂡Ⲑ䕒≜ὃ㘩㜆䙫憴奨䉐嬰Ə⾅㭋㕮䉐⏖䟌䳫 7,000 ⹛∴✏唁ⱘ䁊⑳㲦㵞✗⌧ⷙ敲⦲㛰㌼每㴢⊼Ə俳䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒㥜㛰⏖僤Ⱈ㘖䔘ẽῸ∢≪俳ㇷ˛䶃㕛䔆㴢䒗⡪˚㻨䍜ⷌ⅞˚䛟旃⇡✆㕮䉐Ọ⎱㘩Ị僯䵈䬰岮姱Ə䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒䙫≜ὃ㘩㜆ㆰ㘖㖗䟚♏㘩Ị˛佄Ʊ䖢湚傸⭧䐩䕂弉䏦䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒墒婴䂡㘖᷽䔳ᷱ㛧⏋俨䙫㌼每⛽₶ƏṆ㘖㉦廰吾⋾⤑⹚㳲㲦ⲟ㵞㳲㻨㥔㕮⋽䙫㕮⋽岮䔉˛䂡ṭῄ⬿⑳怲䔏⅞㛰⏙∴䔆⑤⊂⑳併ㄆ䙫䎴岛㕮⋽岮䔉-䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ə2008 ⹛ 5 㛯✏䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒昫徸ㇷ䪲ṭ䛋澃凡唁ⱘⲐ䕒⍁䉐椏˛⛽ 6˚唁ⱘⲐ䕒⍁䉐椏Ƌ唁ⱘ⤎尞ⷄ⍁䉐椏ƌ唁ⱘⲐ䕒⍁䉐椏ἴ㖣唁ⱘ⻊⟆ⷩ唁ⷅ惈㕾㝘杉ⷄ∴憳⤎尞ⷄ䙫䛋澃㨲⅌⏊昫徸Ə⍁䉐椏兠✗ 8,960 ⹚㖠⅓ⰡƏ⻡❑ 2,025 ⹚㖠⅓ⰡƏ⻡䮰檻䂡屈⾜每歁䙫㜏䴷㦲曀ⱋ⻡䮰˛154䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶椏ⅎⰼ䤡ṭ⏫䨕㨈❲⑳⛽䈮Ɲ䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒⑳ⷄ∴憳Ⲑ䕒䙫⯍檻㨈❲˚
Ⲑ䕒䙫 3D 䰈Ẳ⽘₶ƏỌ⎱⅝ẽ㛰⊐㖣䞔姊⏙∴ạ桅䔆㴢䙫㨈❲ƞṆ㛰凮䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒䛟旃䙫䉠ⰼ凮嬂⺎ƏỌ⎱⏫䨕㎏⻊㕀備㴢⊼˛
䜥㈧䙭䟌Ə䕝✗Ⱜ㯸ᷧ䛛⊑⊂ῄ孞䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Əẍ㛰ᷴ⯸Ⱜ㯸㒻Ợ㕮⋽岮䔉䛊䮈Ⓢƞ⸟姧怺Ə䨴㥜怲䔏㕮⋽岮䔉Ṇ㘖ᷧ䨕䨴㥜ῄ⬿㖠㲼Ə忶怵㕮⋽岮䔉ῄ⬿凮怲䔏Ḳ敺䙫⹚塈Ə䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒䙫㕮⋽⃠‣⯮㋨乳ῄ䕀䵍⽳Ị˛155

References
Hu Young-sup2016

How to Preserve Petroglyphs on Bangudae. Journal of the
Korean Society of Civil Engineers 64(9): 54-55.

Jeon Ho-tae
2015

Developments and Future Prospects of Uldan Bangudae
Petroglyphs Chronology. Ulsan history 19: 1-38.

Jeon Ho-tae
2012

Current state and Research Tasks of Korean Petroglyphs.
Ulsan history 16: 1-101.

Joo Soo-wan
2016

The Iconographic meaning of Rock Carving Whale Images on
the Bangudae. The Misulsa (The Art History Journal) 47:
89-107.

Kang Young-hwan
2016

A Study on The Application of VR Technology for The
Contents of Petroglyphs Museum. Journal of the Korea
Contents Association 16(10): 443-453.

Kim Hyun-kwon
2016

A study on the significance of human figures and analyticalmethods of iconography in the Bangudae Petroglyphs. The
Misulsa (The Art History Journal) 47: 35-56.

Lee Hyung-woo
2008

Figure statues of the ancient Korea rock art. The Institute for
Korean Culture 40: 449-475.

Lee Sang-mok
2004

The Representation of Animals on the Prehistoric Rock-art of
Bangudae. Journal of Korean Archaeology 52: 35-68.

2015

Study on the Anthropomorphe of Prehistoric Rock Art. Journalof Korean Rock Art 19: 57-76.

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䛋澃凡Ⲑ䕒Ḕ䙫ạ⽉⛽₶Song Hwa-seob
2012

Whale Hunters with Fish Spears and Umiaks in the Bangudae
Petroglyph. Asian Comparative Folklore 49: 101-130.

Park Geung-Gunn
2001

A study on Human Figures of Korean Stone engraved
Drawings. Korean Journal of Folk Studies 9: 33-56.

157

158

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉㗯㨡⩚Chu Cheng-Yi ⺝⏋㕮≜告Ṳ敞Ⅳ两䵺䏭
Chairman & General Manager,
Archaeo Cultures Co.,Ltd



䛒䤴曖⚝
凡䁊俪⏋⭟˚㕮⋽岮䔉ῄ⬿˚㕮⋽岮䔉㲼

Areas of ResearchTaiwan archaeology, Cultural heritage
preservation, Cultural Heritage Act

159

160

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

Blihun 㷠㗪仁⊢弸◾₸◝ᵸ映⊈ᵸ⸠㪋朊┦䄧⊈‴⿍㱳⃛㉠㗯㨡⩚⺝⏋㕮≜告Ṳ敞Ⅳ两䵺䏭

㌖堿
Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⛇嗮劘㔠ⷌ䧲Ḳ凯⻡俳墒䙣䏥ḍ怙堳ṭ㐝㔸䙣㍿Ə⅝
⹛Ị䳫✏巄ằ 1,800 凚 1,000 ⹛∴˛⇡✆恡䕀Ḕ奲㛰勌⹙Ọạ杉⎱ạ⽉ὃ䂡壄棥㮴栳䙫♏䉐˛⾅壤ὃ˚⊆僤˚梏㠣俳姧Ə怀Ẃ㮴栳䙫⇡䏥⎱㴨堳㘖ⳝ⣽㖗㕮⋽奨䴇✏㗉㛰䙫ṹ⊼僯䵈ᷲ㈧⽉ㇷ䙫䏥屈˛㗐✏㖗䟚♏㘩Ị嵞Ə䒗⌾㵞ᷧ⸝䙫㖶例⍚ⷙ⬿✏ẋ㏂ṹ⊼䙫僯䵈ƏṆ⋬㋓凡䁊㝘㵞ⲟƞ✏䳧K∴⽳Ə⇭∌Ὥ凑⍗⺍⎱⤎晟䙫ᷧẂ㖗㕮⋽奨䴇ₚ⅌怀ᷧῲ✗⌧Əḍ⾑吾㗉㛰䙫䶙䵈⽘柦∗凡䁊˛⏍ᷧ㖠杉Əⳝⅎ㝘㵞ⲟ⎱⋾㵞ⲟ䙫ṹ⊼ὃ䔏⛯⏖僤㛛㗐⍚ⷙ⬿✏˛䕝怀Ẃ㖗奨䴇ₚ⅌凡䁊㘩Ə怀Ẃ♏䉐⎱壄棥Ḣ栳䙫㴨态Ṇ㘖✏怀ᷧ⟡䣵ᷲ怙堳˛俳怀ẂḢ栳Ṇᷧ䛛ₚ㉦凚䏥Ị⎆ἶ㯸Ẵ㋨乳ὦ䔏˛161

A Preliminary Study on Human Face andFigure Motif Utensils Excavated from
Blihun Hanben Archaeological Site
Chu Cheng-Yi
Chairman & General Manager, Archaeo Cultures Co.,Ltd

Abstract
Blihun Hanben Archaeological Site is discovered due to a Suhua
roadway construction project. Excavated objects date from 1,000 to 1,800
years ago. Several objects use human faces and figures as decorative
motifs. From production, function, to style, the emergence and popularityof these motifs were caused by engagement with new cultural elements
beyond Taiwan. Since the Neolithic period, communities around South
China Sea, including those at eastern coast in Taiwan, engaged andexchanged. Around the Common Era, new cultural elements from India
and China were spread to this region, and influenced Taiwan in existing
networks. On the other side, influence circles between eastern andnorthern coasts in Taiwan might have existed even earlier. When these
new elements were brought into Taiwan, these utensils and decorative
motifs probably circulated based on this basis. These motifs continue tomodern times among indigenous people.

162

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

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163

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165

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166

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杉⁁䂡⌧晻Ə⅝䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ㛧⽳⮝⟆ὦ䔏⎱⻉㢫䙫㘩敺䳫✏巄ằ
1,650~1,580 ⹛∴ⷍ⏚ƋBeta-598992˚Beta-598994ƌ
˛
塏 1˚Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⮁⹛岮㖀奢Ⲭ 奢Ⲭ⪤椕⩢䲦唝 㣗㗪
ピ㿴䉅
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䪂○ 䪂○
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庿㣡㣗㗪唝 ⻥宨ᳫ㐶Ỻ(1Ɠ) (2Ɠ)
1007 976
Beta-446792
㜏䂔 1170±30 1088|
C3-T4P6L272a 䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ|[EC-001']
1175 1176
1072 1062
Beta-518931
㜏䂔 1220±30 1138||
B1-T3P6L250b 䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ[0212HP-EC549']
1240 1263
1130 1076
P-47925䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋƏ
ạ䉀 1250±22 1218||
B1-1-M16
tooth[B1-M16']
1262 1274
1176 1123
Beta-518932
㜏䂔 1270±30 1222||
B1-T4P9L249d 䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ[0212HP-EC561']
1270 1286
1177 1176
P-47927䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋƏ
|ạ檏 1279±19 1227|
C1-M1-B2
Petrous[C1-M1-B2']
1270 1277
䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋƏ
1178 1177
OxA-37805
ạ檏 1316±27 1247||
B0-T4P2L296F1 B0-1-M7-B1[B0-M7-1']
1289 1294(P46124)䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋƏ
1179 1177
OxA-37803
B1-1-M4-B1
ạ檏 1333±27 1269||
B1-T0P7L247F2⡺呓 1Petrous[B1-M4-1']
1294 1300(P46122)䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋƏ
1282 1179
C2-1-M1-B1
OxA-37804
ạ檏 1370±28 1294||
C2-T5P9L275F1
Petrous[C2-M1']1305 1344(P46123)
1293 1288
P-47926䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋƏ
|ạ檏 1404±27 1312|
B0-1-M11
Petrous[B0-M11']1342 1348
1314 1307
Beta-446793
㜏䂔 1480±30 1357||
C3-T4P7L277c 䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ[EC-002']1382 1399
1403 1386
Beta-518933|
㜏䂔 1570±30 1460|
B1-T3P8L287d 䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ[0212HP-EC553']
1515 1525
167

奢Ⲭ
㣗㗪
ピ㿴䉅
≝⢉㐶㎘
䪂○
⻥宨
ᳫ㐶Ỻ
(1Ɠ)
1409
Beta-518934
㜏䂔 1580±30 1464|
[0212HP-EC504']
1516
1416
Beta-598991
㜏䂔 1610±30 1476|
[0212HP-EC185']
1532
1416
Beta-598983
㜏䂔 1610±30 1476|
[0212HP-EC436']
1532
1417
Beta-598988
㜏䂔 1620±30 1481|
[0212HP-EC278']
1535
1417
Beta-598984
㜏䂔 1620±30 1481|
[0212HP-EC314']
1535
1521
Beta-457724
㜏䂔 1660±30 1547|
[0212HP-EC006']
1684
1539
Beta-457725
㜏䂔 1690±30 1580|
[EC-007']1685
1612
Beta-598994
㜏䂔 1760±30 1648|
[0212HP-EC113']
1704
1612
Beta-598992
㜏䂔 1760±30 1648|
[0212HP-EC136']
1704
1709
Beta-598997
㜏䂔 1840±30 1744|
[0212HP-EC142']
1818
1725
Beta-598993
㜏䂔 1860±30 1771|
[0212HP-EC159']
1820
1747
Beta-598985
㜏䂔 1910±30 1819|
[0212HP-EC143']
1869
1826
Beta-598986
㜏䂔 1940±30 1864|
[0212HP-EC059']
1922
⪤椕⩢䲦唝
庿㣡㣗㗪唝

168

奢Ⲭ
䪂○
(2Ɠ)
1395
|
1530
1408
|
1537
1408
|
1537
1409
|
1544
1409
|
1544
1416
|
1690
1528
|
1695
1569
|
1716
1569
|
1716
1637
|
1826
1707
|
1864
1736
|
1922
1746
|
1940

₸◝☏⬢

ὗ壹

B1-T5P8L288a䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T2P3L316a䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T1P1L310c

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T1P7L298d

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T1P4L314c

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T1P7L302c

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T1P7L312b

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T3P2L312d

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T2P4L315c

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T4P5L320d

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T2P5L321b

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T1P6L315b

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

C3-T1P6L319d

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋBlihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉
奢Ⲭ
㣗㗪
ピ㿴䉅
≝⢉㐶㎘
䪂○
⻥宨
ᳫ㐶Ỻ
(1Ɠ)
1834
Beta-598987
㜏䂔 1960±30 1888|
[0212HP-EC037']
1927
1945
Beta-598996
㜏䂔 2060±30 2017|[0212HP-EC133']
2094
2056
Beta-598995
㜏䂔 2140±30 2116|
[0212HP-EC158']
2290
⪤椕⩢䲦唝
庿㣡㣗㗪唝

奢Ⲭ
䪂○
₸◝☏⬢
(2Ɠ)
1822
C3-T1P6L318a
|
1990
1933
|
C3-T3P7L324d
2111
2000
C3-T3P6L323a
|
2299

ὗ壹

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ

恡✧⇡✆Ḳ恡䕀䛟䕝尷⮳˛✏䬓ᷧ˚䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋḔ䙭⏖奲徸ḵ⭳㕛䙫⮝⟆䩡敺恡㦲Ọ⎱䟚㝦㣡⡺呓䬰˛⇡✆恡䉐⋬␒尷⮳䙫䔆ㄲ恡䕀⎱㕮⋽恡䉐˛⅝Ḕ䔆ㄲ恡䕀㖠杉Ə恡✧€奲⯸㕟勍㥄˚䓃⬷䬰㣴䉐䨕⯍䬰恡䕀Ə㜑䙣䏥ẍ㜑㵕恟⇡䨧桅˛Ἥ䛟⯴✗Ə⇡✆䙫⊼䉐恡䕀ᷴ€䨕桅⤁㨊Ə᷻惏⇭ⱓ䨕㕟憶䜥⤁˛⋬␒岄桅˚歁桅˚䈓埙桅˚泌桅Ọ⎱ⓡṚ桅˛㕮⋽恡䉐⏳㨊䛟䕝尷⮳Ə㜷峑奲㛰Ɲ䟚˚岄˚檏妹˚䉀˚晝˚憸˚扬˚搜˚䡓晝⎱䓞䬰˛⅝Ḕ✏勌⹙♏䉐ᷱƏ⏖奲㛰ạ⽉ㇽạ杉Ḳ壄棥Ə俳㭋ᷧḢ栳凮凡䁊⎱䒗⌾㵞⅝⭪恡✧Ḳ敺⬿✏㛰䛟䕝Ḳ旃偖Ə‣⽾㎉䩝˛孱ƱBlihun 㷠㗪ᵸ⸠Ʊᵸ映弸䐗䱚妔ᲾƱ₸◝弸䐗⃄庮濣
Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧✏⽳乳䙣㍿怵䧲ḔƏ㛰旃ạ杉⎱ạ⽉Ḣ栳Ḳ㨀㜓
⅘㛰 9 ờƏ⅝Ḕ檏妹峑俬 5 ờƏ㕟憶㛧⤁ƞ⅝㬈䂡朹扬♏ 2 ờ˚䟚峑㨀㜓1 ờ˚晝峑㨀㜓 1 ờ˛ᷱ志㨀㜓ḔƏ4 ờ㨀㜓䂡䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ⇡✆Ƌ3 ờ檏妹♏˚1 ờ晝♏ƌ
Ə⅝棿 5 ờ∮⇡凑䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋƋ2 ờ檏妹♏˚2 ờ朹扬♏˚1
ờ䟚♏ƌ˛

169

塏 2˚Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ⽉˚ạ杉Ḣ栳恡䉐䩡敺岮㖀塏
䲦唝 㘎宨
┦朜
㣗㗪㣗唝
₸◝☏⬢
䖶撚䊼嬟 㑅⇔⬢1檏妹♏ 幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏

0212HP-OH005 B0-T1P4F1L285 B0-1-M15

ᷧ2

檏妹♏ 幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏㭿ờ

0212HP-OH022 B0-T1P4F2L284 B0-1-M17

ᷧ

3

檏妹♏ ⽒∢ạ⽉檏♏㭿ờ0212HP-OX003 B0-T2P3L298dṳ4檏妹♏ ạ杉㞫楽㞫⽉♏

0212HP-OH002 B0-T1P3L298b

ṳ

5

檏妹♏

0212HP-OX006 B0-T1P1L301bṳ

6朹扬♏ ạ⽉㞫⽉♏

0212HP-UH003 C1-T0P8F3L277 C1-1-M4

ᷧ7

朹扬♏ ạ杉㞫⽉♏

0212HP-UH005 B2-T6P3F1L259 B2-1-M4

ᷧ

8

䟚♏

䟩Ⲑạ⽉䟚䮫

0212HP-SC002 B0-T2P6L278d

ᷧ

9

晝♏

ạ杉⽉∢≪䳲晝伷
⏊惏㭿ờ

0212HP-CP196 C2-T7P9L322aṳ湦妹呩惏∢≪㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉檏♏

塏 3˚Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⏫㕮⋽ⱋạ⽉˚ạ杉㨀㜓㜷峑⇭㝷塏
檏妹♏
晝♏ 䟚♏
朹扬♏
䳻壆
㜷峑ƒḢ栳
㕮⋽ⱋ
ạ⽉ ạ杉 ạ杉 ạ⽉ ạ⽉ ạ杉
ᷧ
2
1
1
1
5
ṳ
2
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
䳻壆
9
5
1
1
2

(ᷧ) 檏妹峑幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏
䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ⡺呓ƋB0-1-M15ƌ䟚㝦㣡ⅎ⇡✆˛䔘⯍⾪檏㜷⊇ⷌ俳ㇷƏᷱ惏⏖奲㵞䶦䊧䴫主Ə䕸Ọ湦妹⊇ⷌ俳ㇷ˛⅏檿䳫 5.8 ⅓⇭˚㛧⯓嘼ἴ㖣倚暂Ə⯓⺍䳫 2.8 ⅓⇭ƞ⎁⺍䳫 1.6 ⅓⇭˛⅏♏⇭䂡ạ₶⎱⟡⺎⅐惏⇭˛⅐惏
⇭䛟㎌嘼ḲḔ⤕㛰ᷧ⬻䩦忶∴⽳˛✏怇❲㖠杉Ə栔柩㛰ᷧΌ U ❲⸝䊧䩨嵞
㩒巏⅐倚Ḳ敺Ə⅐䫖⏫奲ᷧΌᷰ妹⽉䍟楽Ƌ嚮楽ƌ˛䍟楽ᷱ㖠Ḳ倚惏⏸⣽⁛⇟⇡Ə␯㖠⽉䈮䊧˛⅐倚㭊杉Ḕ⤕⏫奲ᷧ曀䷁⏳⾪⛺Ḳ⛯≪䳲Ə⏳⾪⛺䳲ᷱᷲ棥⤁㍹Ṛᷨ䳲˛栴栔✏倚暂ᷱ㖠䒗久ᷧ⸝变⽉Ṛᷨ䳲Əᷱ˚ᷲ⇭∌Ọṳ㢄⹚堳∢≪⼍䳲䴫ㇷḲ㓓晤⼍䳲Ƌ曀⋥㓓晤䳲ƌ⁁⌧晻˛㭋ᷧ䒗⸝ᷱ㖠Ḳ∴栴棥㛰ᷧ⯴ S ⽉Ḳ嚮⽉䳲Ə嚮⽉䳲Ḳ敺奲㛰ᷰ㍹Ṛᷨ䳲Ə⏳㨊ᷱᷲ⏫
Ọ㓓晤⼍䳲ὃ⌧晻Ə∴栴✏䒗⸝ᷲ㖠凚曀䛰Ḳ敺∮ⷪ㻦ㇷ㍹歁檏䳲Ə⏳㨊㘖Ọ㓓晤䳲㉧㲼⊇ⷌ˛曀䛰␯⼎䊧䛟怊˚⅝ᷲḲ䜝ᷱ䷊凮漢⁛䛟怊˚䜣䏪䕌␯忶揈䊧Ə䞚⬻⛯≪䳲˚Ḕ敺ᷧ∡滅䳲Ə䜣Ⱕ∮棥ỌṚᷨ䳲˛漢庒䕌␯

170Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

敞㖠⽉Əᷲ㖠⏊惏⑙䉀朙漹Əᷲⷛ⏸ᷲ⇟⼎弰⾕⯽˛⽳免✏䒗⸝ᷱ㖠∮䂡䴇杉䄈䳲Əᷲ㖠∮⽒∢⇡⅐⸝ẋ挖揈⯫Ḳ䴫⏯䳲Ə䴫⏯䳲䔘Ṛᷨ䳲˚㛙㉿䳲Ọ⎱徸ṻ恱⽉䉠㓓晤䳲㈧㦲ㇷ˛䴫⏯䳲ᷲ㖠䔘ᷱ俳ᷲ棥ỌṚᷨ䳲⎱䛛䷁䳲Ə⏳㨊Ṇ㘖Ọ㓓晤⼍䳲ὃ⌧晻˛座⹠␯幙帅䊧Ə曀㈲Ⱟ偿⏸ᷱ㈿栵Ə偿惏何㖣曀冄Ḳᷱ˛儼惏棥䛛㢄䳲ƞ⽳傳奲 5 㢄Ṛᷨ䳲Əᷱ㖠⛂㢄敺晻㓓晤⼍䳲˛兗惏ἣ乒㛰ᷧ㝆⸝Əḍ㖣傳惏Ḕ⤕奲㛰ᷧ⇟嵞Ḳ柿䴷Ə柿䴷塏杉䔘㓓晤曀ⳗ⼎䳲˚Ṛᷨ䳲˚䛛䷁䳲䬰䴫ㇷƏ䊧ἣ䍟楽˛ᷲ傉⯶兦惏ⷍ⏚⏫棥Ọ㓓晤歁檏䳲˛⟡惏␯Ḕ䩡䬹䊧Əḍ㷘⅌ạ₶兗惏Ƌ⛽ 3ƌ˛⛽ 3˚檏妹峑幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏

⛽䈯 3˚檏妹峑幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏

171

(ṳ) 檏妹峑幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏㭿ờ䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ⡺呓ƋB0-1-M17ƌ㣡ⅎ⇡✆˛䔘㖣婙⡺呓䕱⢺㖣 B0-1-M15
Ḳᷲḍ⎾∗㓥ṩƏ⛇㭋䄈㲼䢡⮁㜓ờ㨀㜓㘖␍䂡⅝Ḳ晑呓䉐ờ˛㨀㜓⏳㨊䂡䷢⮭檏⊇ⷌ俳ㇷƏἣ䂡湦妹˛∴⌱庒ⷙ㖞墩ὁ⤘Ə㭿惏檻惏⎱ᷲ傉惏⇭Ə
㭿敞䳫 2.8 ⅓⇭˚㭿⯓ 1.5 ⅓⇭Ə㭿⎁䳫 1.1 ⅓⇭˛ᷲ傉㗵桖⏖奲␯幙帅䊧Ə㭿⬿惏⇭䙭䴇杉䄈䳲Ƌ⛽ 4˚⛽䈯 4ƌ˛⛽ 4˚檏妹峑幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏㭿ờ⛽䈯 4˚檏妹峑幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏㭿ờ(ᷰ) 檏妹峑ạ⽉檏♏㭿ờ䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋḔ⇡✆˛⯍⾪檏妹峑Ə㎏㸓Ọ湦妹⊇ⷌ俳ㇷƏ㭿⬿栔惏⎱ᷱ⌱庒Ə⛂傉㭿㖞俳⧦ㄲᷴ婚˛㭿檿䳫 3.5 ⅓⇭˚ⷍ⏚㛧⯓䳫 1.6 ⅓⇭˚∴⽳㭿⎁䳫 2.6 ⅓⇭˛栴柩⹚㺸䄈⽒棥˛冰惏Ọ㵕⽒㖠⻶⊇ⷌƏ曀䜣䜣䜝摦晞Əテ䜣䏪嘼⾕⇟嵞Ə␯忶揈䊧Ə曀䜣䜝ᷱ䷊⎱漢⁛䛟怊˚䄈倚˛曀㈲⇭∌⏸
∴἟Əテ偿惏Ọᷲⷙ伡Əᷲ⌱庒凑兗惏Ọᷲ㭿Ƌ⛽ 5˚⛽䈯 5ƌ˛⛽ 5˚檏妹峑⽒∢ạ⽉檏♏
172

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉⛽䈯 5˚檏妹峑⽒∢ạ⽉檏♏

(⛂) 檏妹峑ạ杉㞫楽㞫⽉♏
㨀㜓䂡⯍⾪徸⛺㟘䊧Ə䕸ἣ湦妹⊇ⷌ俳ㇷ˛㞫㜒䫖奲ᷧ㩉⛺⽉㷘㧤Ə䳫 4 ⅓⇭㷘Ə徸㜒䫖䩦㛰ᷧ⬻㩒岒㞫庒Əㆰ㘖䂡㎹⅌⇧卽㈧䔏ƞ䛟⯴Ḳ㞫楽∮㘖Ọ㵕⽒㖠⻶⽒摦⇡ạ杉Ə栴栔⹚摦Ə櫕暂Ọᷱ⇟嵞Ə櫕暂⅐⁛奲 3⬾⽉倚⽉˛栴栔ᷲ⌱⁛㖃摦㎌䜝ᷱ䷊⽳㷘∢⇡曀䜣Ə䜣Ḕ∡滅䤡䜣䏪˛⏳㨊䜝ᷱ䷊怊㎌漢⁛Ə漢⽉⇟⇡␯Ό㢖⬾Ə⏊惏Ọᷲ㭿Ƌ⛽ 6˚⛽䈯 6ƌ˛⛽ 6˚檏妹峑ạ杉㞫楽㞫⽉♏

⛽䈯 6˚檏妹峑ạ杉㞫楽㞫⽉♏

173

(ṻ) 湦妹呩惏∢≪㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉檏♏
⇡✆凑䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋḔ˛Ọ湦妹凮栴檏敺Ḳ呩惏Ƌpedicleƌ⊇ⷌ俳ㇷ˛呩惏㖤䳲惏ἴ敞䳫 2 ⅓⇭Ə呩惏㛧⯓⽸䳫 3 ⅓⇭˚㛧䩫嘼䳫 2 ⅓⇭˛壤ὃᷱℯỌ䟴ỷ㖠⻶㈑⎽湦妹呩惏Ə䒗呩惏∱䣏⽳Ọ∐♏⛴久呩惏∢≪Ⱨ 5 ㍹
㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉Ə㮶㍹㲦呩惏敞廟⽣㭋⹚堳Ə㮶㍹ 8 ạ˛ῲ檻Ḳ敺曀㈲⹚἟䛟㎌˚曀党⾕⼜˛党ᷲ䂡ᷧ⸝䊧Ḳ䟔䛛䷁∢≪䳲Ƌ⛽ 7˚⛽䈯 7ƌ˛⛽ 7˚湦妹呩惏∢≪㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉檏♏

⛽䈯 7˚湦妹呩惏∢≪㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉檏♏

174

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉(⅔) 朹扬ạ⽉㞫⽉♏
⇡✆凑䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ⡺呓ḔƋC1-1-M4ƌ
˛⇡✆㘩ⷙ㖞䂡ᷰ䮧Ə㖞墩嘼惏⇭㭿伡Ə⏍ⷍ⏚⅐⁛㈲冩⎱ᷱ㖠揋䩡Ḳ扬棥Ṇⷙ儒吤ƏテẴ⏖㎏㸓⅝⽉˛㨀㜓⅏敞䳫 10.4 ⇭˚㭿⬿㛧⯓嘼䳫 4.7 ⅓⇭˚㛧⎁嘼ἴ㖣柩惏Ə⎁⺍䳫 1.0
⅓⇭˛㨀㜓⅐⯓杉䕌⇟⼎弰俳凮⁛恱䛟㎌˚∽杉␯忶揈䊧Ə⅐杉Ḳ怇❲˚䳲棥䬰䛟桅⏳Ə㛰⏖僤㘖䔏⏳ᷧ搫䮫壤ὃ俳ㇷ˛栔⽉ᷱ⯓ᷲ䩫˚⅐⁛⇠⼎弰Ə␯䴗敞㻶㕾䊧˛栟惏䴗敞徸䛛Ə曀冩㎏㸓ㆰ㘖檿凰Ə凚栔惏ⷍ⏚⏫Ọ 4㢄䴗敞扬㢄凮栔惏⅐⁛䛟㎌Əテⷙ㭿㖞˛栟惏Ọᷲ␯敞㖠⽉Ə㜑㗵䢡⇭⇡檻惏⎱兦惏Ə凚⹼惏⏸⣽徸妹弰⇟⇡ἣ嶚Əテㆰ㘖ὃ䂡⇧㞫Ḳ㠣惏˛✏䳲㨊㖠杉Ə栴栴⏖奲曀⼍䳲ƏḔ䛛䷁䳲岒䩦凚䛰⾪Ə曀䛰⎱䜝ᷱ䷊␯曀ⳗ⼎
⽉Ə䜝ᷱ䷊凚Ḕ⤕凮䛛䷁漢㧸䛟㎌Ə漢㧸ᷲ㖠ỌᷰῲṚᷨ䳲䴫ㇷ漢栔˛⅐䜣⏫䔘⛯䳲⎱Ṛᷨ䳲䴫ㇷ˛⏊惏Ọᷰ㩒䷁䳲䴫ㇷᷱ˚ᷲ☛⓮Əἣ数⓮䊧˛
栟惏棥 3 㢄⼎⽉䳲Ə檻惏ᷱᷲⷍ⏚⏫棥Ọᷧ⛅⬾䳲Ə⅝敺Ọ䷁䳲⌧晻˛㠣惏䄈䳲Ƌ⛽ 8˚⛽䈯 8ƌ˛⛽ 8˚朹扬ạ⽉㞫⽉♏

⛽䈯 8˚朹扬ạ⽉㞫⽉♏

(ᷪ) 朹扬ạ杉㞫⽉♏
⇡✆凑䂡䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ⡺呓ƋB2-1-M4ƌḲ䟚㝦㣡ⅎƏ⅐⁛恱⎱⹼惏䕌㭿伡˛敞⺍䳫 7.2 ⅓⇭Ə柩惏⯓䳫 8.5 ⅓⇭˚⎁⺍ 2.3 ⅓⇭Ə⹼惏∮⯓䳫 3.6
⅓⇭˚⎁⺍䳫 1.0 ⅓⇭˛⣽⽉⏳㨊␯㻶㕾⽉˚ᷱ⯓ᷲ䩫Ə⅐⁛⇠⼎弰Ə⅐杉

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⾕⼎弰˚∽杉␯忶揈䊧Ƌ⛽ 9˚⛽䈯 9ƌ˛曀杉䳲棥䛟桅ἣƏ栴栔奲ᷰǡ⛂㢄⼍䳲˛䛰⽉⎱䜝ᷱ䷊␯曀ⳗ⼎䷁Ə⅐⁛䜝ᷱ䷊ⅎ䷊凮漢㧸丘䳲䛟㎌Ə漢栔⏳㨊ỌᷰῲṚᷨ䳲䴫⏯俳ㇷ˛曀䜣Ḕ⤕䂡Ṛᷨ䳲Ə⣽⛴Ọ⛯䳲˛⏊惏∮⏳㨊Ọᷰ㢄⼍㩒䷁䴫ㇷᷱ˚ᷲ☛⓮Əἣ数⓮䊧Ƌ⛽ 9˚⛽䈯 9ƌ˛⛽ 9Ɲ朹扬ạ杉⽉㞫⽉♏

⛽䈯 9˚朹扬ạ杉⽉㞫⽉♏
176

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉(⅒) 䟩Ⲑạ⽉㮴栳䟚䮫⇡✆凑䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋḔƏ䔘⮳␒䟚勘Ḳ䟩Ⲑ⽒摦俳ㇷƏ♏庒⏖僤⛇⎾䁒䆹俳␯䳬壷剙˛㕛檻䕌␯㈨⹚㖠檻Əᷱ⯓ᷲ䩫˛㨀㜓⅏敞 12.5 ⅓⇭Ə柩惏⯓䳫 9.3 ⅓⇭˚⹼惏⯓ 7.5 ⅓⇭Ə⎁⺍䳫 4.0 ⅓⇭˛䔘㖣梏⋽⽘柦Ə䟚䮫ᷱ⛽₶ḍᷴ㷬㙗˛栔柩ᷱ㖠ⷍ⏚⏫奲ᷧᷰ⎰ↇ䊧䉐Ə⣽⁛⅐⎰敺Ḳᷲ㖠⏫奲ᷧ∡滅˛栔惏⏳㨊␯ᷱ⯓ᷲ䩫Ḳ㻶㕾䊧˛栴栔㜑奲ỢἼ∢≪㕮㨊Ə曀䛰䕌
␯ S ⽉˛曀䜣∮㘖䔘⛯≪䳲⎱∡滅䳲䴫ㇷ˛漢㧸␯ᷧ䛛䷁Ə㜒䫖漢栔梏⋽ᷴ㗵桖Əἣ㛰勌⹙∡滅˛⏊惏䔘 2 㢄⾕⼎䷁㧤䴫⏯俳ㇷ˛檻惏ᷴ奲ỢἼ䳲棥Ə⹼惏⏸⅐⁛⛺弰ⰼ敲ㇷᷧ⬾⽉㞫㠣Ƌ⛽ 10˚⛽䈯 10ƌ˛⛽ 10˚䟩Ⲑạ⽉㮴栳䟚䮫⛽䈯 10˚䟩Ⲑạ⽉㮴栳䟚䮫177

(Ṅ) 壷剙⤥䟩䤒∢≪ạ杉䳲伷⏊㭿䈮䳬壷剙⤥䡓柨Ⲑ˚㝦Ⲑ䟩䤒晝峑✗Ə⏊惏䕌⣽俢⾕㕅˚⓮䷊嶏啫˛⏊
⽸䳫 15 ⅓⇭˚⏊檿 4.3 ⅓⇭˚⏊䷊Ὧ⼜⯓⸬ 2.5 ⅓⇭˛䳲棥ἴ㖣栟㉿ᷱ㖠ƏỌ䷁⽒㖠⻶壤ὃ俳ㇷ˛曀䜣␯忶揈䊧˚㜑㨀䤡䜣䏪Ə曀䜣Ḳ敺䙫漢㧸∮䔘曀⇠⼎䷁凮ᷲ㖠 2 㢄䛛䷁䛟怊俳ㇷ˛䜣䏪ᷱ㖠∮奲㛰 3 㢄␯㩒 3 ⬾⽉Ḳ曀⼎䷁Ə⇭∌Ị塏䛰㯂⎱䜝ᷱ僱Ƌ⛽ 11˚⛽䈯 11ƌ˛⛽ 11˚壷剙⤥䟩䤒∢≪ạ杉䳲伷⏊㭿䈮⛽䈯 11Ɲ壷剙⤥䟩䤒∢≪ạ杉䳲伷⏊㭿䈮

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Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

ᵊƱ◔ᾍ⃄㙎濣(ᷧ) 㮴栳
晋ṭạ⽉˚ạ杉㮴栳⣽Ə✏ Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧ḔƏṆ⏖䛲∗䍟⽉Ḳ⽒⠸Ḳ䍟⁝Ƌ⛽ 12Ɲ1˚2ƌ˚≑⽘⻶⽒㝦Ƌ⛽ 12Ɲ5~7ƌ
˚Ọ⎱⽒∢Ḳ䍟楽檏㞫Ƌ⛽ 12Ɲ3ƌƏ⏍⣽Ṇ✏䤑㢹ᷱ奲㛰䍟⽉Ḳ⽒∢Ƌ⛽ 12Ɲ4ƌ˛⊼䉐䙫䨕桅⋬㋓Ɲ䊓˚屓˚䅱˚嚮ƏἭ€䷏噆 1 幙帅ạ⽉檏㞫⏍奲ᷧ曀栔䍟Ƌ嚮ƌ⣽Ə⯸奲壮⏯⽉Ḣ栳˛⛽ 12˚Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆Ḳ⅞屈䍟⽉⎱䍟楽⽉㨀㜓(ṳ) ㉧㲼
Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧✏壤ὃ⅞屈⻶㮴栳䉐ờ㘩Ə⇡✆Ḳạ⽉˚ạ杉䳲棥䙭㘖Ọ⽒∢㖠⻶⊇ⷌ俳ㇷƏᾄ⅝㉧㲼⏖⇭䂡䷁⽒˚㵕⽒Ọ⎱⛺⽒Ƌ䪲檻暼∢ƌƏḍ奲壮⏯ὦ䔏˛䷁⽒俬⥩㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉Ƌ䷏噆 5ƌỌ⎱晝伷ᷱ䙫ạ杉䳲棥Ƌ䷏噆 9ƌ⍚㘖⅟❲䙫䷁⽒㉧㲼Ə怀 2 ờ㨀㜓䙭⇡凑⹛Ị廪㗐䙫䬓ṳ㕮⋽ⱋ˛㭋⣽Ə朹扬⇧㞫ᷱ䙫䳲棥暽䄝䙭䂡晤䳲ƏἭ✏搫䮫ᷱ∮㘖Ọ䷁∢㖠⻶⋥⊹⇡∡滅˚⛯≪ㇽ∢≪䬰晗䳲ƏḲ⽳搫怇㘩㈴⽉ㇷ⎴⏸Ḳ晤䳲Ə⛇㭋Ṇ⏖好䂡䷁⽒Ḳ孱⽉˛3 ⺎ạ⽉檏⽒䙫⣽⽉∮ⱓ⛺⽒ƏἭ✏杉惏䙫塏䏥㈲㲼ᷱ⍢㛰㈧ⷕ䕗˛⅝Ḕ䷏噆 1 Ḳ幙帅ạ⽉檏㞫䳲棥⤁ⱓ˥曀⋥㓓晤䳲˦Əẍ⍚Ọ∢≪晗䳲Ὥ⇟桖⇡⅝敺Ḳ晤㕮Ḣ栳ƞ俳䷏噆 3˚4 Ḳạ杉䳲∮㘖Ọᷧ恱㖃∱˚ᷧ恱䛛∢䙫˥⋥㑹㲼˦壤ὃ⇡㷡㵕⽒䙫ṻ⭿Ə㥜⅞䪲檻ㄆ˛

179

(ᷰ) ⧦ㄲ⽉屳
1. ⧦⋉Ɲ
Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆⅏庒Ḳạ⽉Ḣ栳⅘ 4 ờƏ⏖⇭䂡幙帅⎱䛛䪲⅐䨕⧦⋉˛⅝Ḕạ⽉䳲棥㎈幙帅俬 2 ⅞Ƌ䷏噆 1˚2ƌ˚䷁∢䛛䪲⽉Ƌ㔃㈲὜㍹
ạ⽉˚䷏噆 5ƌ1 ờƏ⏍ᷧờ㭿ờƋ䷏噆 3ƌ∮ᷴ婚⧦⋉Ə曀㈲⏖䟌⧦ㄲ俬Ə䷏噆 1 Ḳ幙帅ạ⽉㞫⽉♏ᾩ㎈⅐㈲何㖣僟∴˚曀㍳何㖣栍ᷲƏ俳䷏噆 5 ䷁∢Ḳạ⽉㨀㜓∮㘖曀㈲⏸⅐⁛⹚἟˛朹扬♏ 1 ờƋ䷏噆 6ƌ∮㎈曀㈲檿凰䙫
⧦ㄲƏἭ檻惏ḍ㜑䉠∌⋥⊹⇡ᷲ⌱庒˛
2. ⽉屳Ɲ
Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆Ḳạ杉㮴栳㨀㜓ḔƏ晋ṭ惏⇭㨀㜓ḍ㜑䉠∌⋥⊹⇡倚⽉⣽Ə⅝⭪冰惏䉠⾜䙭㗵桖⏖徏Ə⋬␒䛰˚䛕˚漢˚⏊䬰˛⅝Ḕ✏ạ杉㮴栳ḔƏ䷁∢惏⇭㛪⯮⅐䜣Ḳ䜝ᷱ䷊凮漢⁛䛟怊䴷⏯Ə俳㷡㵕⽒俬䔁凚㛪⯮㭋䷁凮䜣䏪Ḳ敺䙫⌧⟆∢㷘ƏỌ⼞媦⇡⇠ᷲḲ䜣䜝˛(⛂) 壄棥䳲㨊
晋ṭṻ⭿⽉屳⣽Ə惏⇭㨀㜓Ṇ㛪✏♏庒ᷱ⽒∢⇡庒ᷱ䙫愴ờƏㇽỌ䳲棥Ὥ⡒壃塏杉䩡䙤Ḳ嘼˛⅝Ḕ㛧䂡丨壮䙫⍚㘖䷏噆 1 Ḳ幙帅ạ⽉檏㞫Ə✏
⅝栴栔棥㛰曀嚮⽉䳲Ə栔柩㈛㛰曀䍟楽⸝䊧䉐Ə倚㜜Ḕ⤕奲憴⛯≪䳲Ə䕸ἣ䎍棥Ƌㇽ倚⏊ƌ
Ə座⹠∮奲㛰Ṛᷨ䳲˚㢄䳲˚歁檏䳲䬰˛凚㖣ạ⽉朹扬⇧㞫ᷱƏ∮奲㛰⛅⬾䳲Ọ⎱Ṛᷨ䳲˛(ṻ) 䴫⏯䴷㦲
1. ạ䍟⎱ạạ䛟怊Ɲ壮⏯『Ḣ栳ḔƏ⏖奲㛰ạ䍟䴫⏯Ọ⎱ạ₶傉檻䛟怊⅐䨕˛⏳㨊Ọ䷏噆 1Ḳ幙帅ạ⽉檏㞫㛧䂡尷⮳˛⋬␒栴栔ᷱḲ S ⽉嚮⽉䳲˚倚❩ᷲḲ䍟楽⽒∢Ə⏍⣽柿䴷惏⇭⏖僤ẍ㘖䍟楽ヶ屈˛㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉㮴栳∮奲㖣湦妹呩惏∢≪檏♏ḲᷱƏ䒗呩惏⅘㛰ṻ㍹㔃㈲䛟怊Ḳạ⽉晗∢˛

180

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

2. ⯴䨘『Ɲ揈⯫『⯴䨘㘖ỌḔ廟䂡⎪俪Əⷍ˚⏚䔘徸∗恇䛟⯴䨘˛Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆Ḳạ杉˚ạ⽉㮴栳惤ᾄ⾑㭋ᷧ㲼∮Əᷴ䮈㘖ṻ⭿˚⛂傉˚䳲棥䬰惤㘖ⷍ⏚⯴䨘⚛㠣˚㍹⇾✮㕛˛Ἥ✏ Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧ḍ㜑奲∗⥩㮞┭椼椕䳲刓Ə⯮⅐ῲ⁛庒⽉屈⏍䴫ㇷ⏍ᷧῲ檻Ḳ㭊杉Əẍ⍚㈧嫩䙫˥∽墩㕮㨊憴䴫˦ƋLi, 1957ƌ˛
3. ⡒ℬ⎱壄棥『Ɲ⡒ℬ䙫㖠㲼㛧⸟奲䙫⍚㘖Ọ▕ᷧ䳲㨊憴奭✗⇡䏥Ə⅝Ḕ㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉⍚㘖憴奭Ḣ栳⡒ℬ䙫⅟❲ὲ嬰˛⏍ᷧῲ⡒ℬ䙫㖠⻶∮㘖⯮壄棥㕮㨊憴奭✗ㇷ㍹˚ㇷ⇾䙫⇡䏥˛丨壮䙫壄棥Ṇ暘␒⯴ὃ⒨ế⇡㛛⤁䙫⾪⊂ƏṆỊ塏婙ᷧờ✏壤ὃ俬⾪䛕Ḕ䙫憴奨『˛㭋ᷧ䉠剙€⇡䏥✏䷏噆 1 Ḳ幙帅ạ⽉檏㞫Ọ⎱朹扬ạ⽉⇧㞫ᷱƏ⅝Ḕ⎯Ọạ⽉檏㞫㛧䂡⅟❲˛㕛ờ㨀㜓晋⽳免ᷱ⌱惏䕀䙤⣽Ə⅝棿惏⇭䙭Ọ⏫⻶䳲㨊ṯỌ⡒ℬ˛⏍⣽朹扬⇧㞫∮㘖Ọ⛅䳲Ọ⎱Ṛᷨ䳲Ὥ壄棥˛⊁Ʊᵸ⸠Ʊᵸ映㪋朊㔀䤸俆䰟㉠㙎ᲾƱ⮴‥㔀䤸俆䰟㉠壌濣(ᷧ) 䛟旃岮㖀㥩志
1. 㖗䟚♏㘩ỊƝ
⅞屈⻶Ḣ栳䳫✏㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㗐㜆⍚ⷙ⇡䏥Ə㮴栳⋬␒Ɲ䍟楽˚䍟⽉˚ạ楽˚ạ⽉䬰˛Ḣ奨㘖Ọ晝✆⽒⠸俳ㇷƏ⥩巄ằ䳫 4,500~4,000 ⹛∴䙫姱⠿➻恡✧⍚奲㛰䍟楽⽉䙫㟘䊧晝㉱Ƌ⛽ 13Ɲ1˚2ƞ⻼凑≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2007Ɲ⛽ 47Ɲ1˚2ƌ
˛Ḳ⽳⹛Ị廪㙁䙫⮃嘔上ḟⱘ恡✧Ƌ⛽ 13Ɲ4~7ƞ⻼凑≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2002Ɲ⛽ 16Ɲ2ƞ⛽ 17Ɲ9~11ƌ
˚凡⋾ⷩ⛺ⱘ恡✧⛺ⱘ㕮⋽ⱋƋ⛽
13Ɲ3ƞ⻼凑溪⣒⼞Ə1984Ɲ⛽䈯ṻ⌨ᷧƝ2ƌ˚劘哕上劘Ⲉⱘ㕮⋽Ḳ劘Ⲉⱘ恡✧Ƌ⛽ 13Ɲ8ƞ⻼凑吰併䎴Ə2001Ɲ⛽ 10ƌ˚湤⯕恡✧Ƌ⛽ 13Ɲ9˚
10ƞ⻼凑吰併䎴Ə2001Ɲ⛽ 26Ɲ1˚2ƌ凡㝘上⤎⣐Ὥ恡✧Ƌ⛽ 13Ɲ10ƞ⻼凑吰併䎴Ə2001Ɲ⛽ 26Ɲ3ƌ䬰˛181

凚㖣ạ⽉晝⁝Ə⇡✆✗滅∮廪‶㝘⌾Ə⯸奲㖣⋾惏✗⌧Əⷙ䟌俬㛰Ɲⱓ劘Ⲉⱘ㕮⋽Ḳ劘哕上湤⯕恡✧Ƌ⛽ 14Ɲ1~3ƞ⻼凑吰併䎴Ə2001Ɲ⛽䈯30ƌ
˚ⶡ柩恡✧ᷱ㕮⋽ⱋƋ⛽ 14Ɲ4ƞ⻼凑晚㛰岄䬰Ə2009Ɲ⛽ 130ƌ˚⤎✸恡✜Ƌ⛽ 14Ɲ5˚6ƞ⻼凑晚㛰岄䬰Ə2009Ɲ⛽ 74˚75ƌƞⱓ湹溆㕮⋽Ḳ
敞ℰ恡✧Ƌ⛽ 14Ɲ8ƞ⻼凑㜵❋῕Ə2003ƌ˚Ọ⎱ⱓ⌸⌾㕮⋽Ḳ⌸⌾恡✧Ƌ⛽
14Ɲ9˚10ƞ⻼凑怊䅎併˚⭲㕮喗Ə1986Ɲ⛽ 30Ɲ8˚9ƌ˛⏍⣽㎈暭凑㔖ẅ⹙恡✧✗塏䙫ạ⽉晝⁝Ƌ⛽ 14Ɲ7ƞ⻼凑≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2012Ɲ⯨杉ƌ✏梏㠣ᷱ∮凮⅝⭪ạ⽉晝⁝㛰㈧ᷴ⏳˛㭋ᷧ㨀㜓∢ヶ㌶⠸⇡䜝ᷱ䷊ḍ凮Ḕ⤕Ḳ漢㧸䛟䴷⏯Ə⇟桖⇡⇠ᷲḲ䜣㠭˛怀ᷧ䉠剙✏⽳ᷧ㜆憸ⱓ♏㘩Ịạ杉㮴栳Ḕ㘖㛧⸟奲䙫梏㠣Əテ⛇䂡㨀㜓Ὥ凑㖣✗塏㎈暭Ə᷻㔖ẅ⹙恡✧䂡ᷧ⤁㕮⋽ⱋ恡✧Ə⛇㭋⽯曊∋⮁㭋ᷧ㨀㜓㈧ⱓ㕮⋽ⱋ⎱⹛Ị˛ᷴ怵ᾄ⅝梏㠣俳姧Ə㜓恡䉐⏖僤Ὥ凑㖣㔖ẅ⹙恡✧㛧ᷱⱋƏẍ⍚ㆰⱓ㖗䟚♏㙁㜆凚憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị㗐㜆Ḳ敺˛⛽ 13˚凡䁊㖗䟚♏㘩Ị⇡✆Ḳ⅞屈⻶䍟⽉Ḣ栳㕮䉐⛽ 14˚㖗䟚♏㘩Ị⇡ạ⽉˚ạ杉⽉晝⁝182

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉⤎惏⇭Ḳ䍟⽉˚䍟楽ㇽạ楽䬰䉐ờ⤁㘖ὃ䂡晝♏ᷱ䙫㎷㉱Ə㉧㲼ᷱ⋬
␒⽒⎱⠸Ə⅝Ḕ✏⽒∢䙫㈲㲼ᷱƏ⤁Ọ∡滅ㇽ⛺䪐䊧⇠䳲Ὥ桖䤡䜣˚⯸㕟∮⇟⇡ὃ䂡䜣䝂˛漢㧸∮⤁㌶⠸⇟⇡Ə⏊惏ㇽỌ∡滅˚ㇽỌ䟔≪䳲塏䤡˛冰惏⏫♏⭿䍏䪲Əテᷧᷧờ㛰㌶⠸⇡䜝ᷱ䷊⎱⇠ᷲ䜣䜝䙫恡䉐⇡凑㔖ẅ⹙Ƌ⹚㝾ƌ恡✧ƏἭ⛇䂡㘖✗塏㎈暭㈧⽾Ə᷻㔖ẅ⹙恡✧ⱓ⤁㕮⋽ⱋ恡✧Ə⛇㭋ⷙ曊∋⮁㕮⋽桅䷊㈧ⱓ˛ᷴ怵㭋ᷧ㨀㜓冰惏梏㠣凮⽳㜆憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị䛟桅ἣƏ⛇㭋ᷴ␍婴㔖ẅ⹙恡✧ᷱⱋⷙ怙⅌憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị˛⏍ᷧ㖠杉Ə懄⯴䍰䟚䬰䡓㜷峑Ə⅞屈䉐ờ∮⤁Ọ≑⽘㖠⻶塏䏥Ə⯸奲ṻ⭿䉠⾜Ə⅝Ḕ㛧吾⏴䙫⍚㘖ạ䍟⽉䍰䎍Ə⇭∌⇡✆凑劄ⱘⶽ恡✧Ḳ⛺ⱘ㕮⋽ⱋƋ⛽ 15Ɲ1˚2ƞ⻼凑溪⣒⼞Ə1984Ɲ⛽䈯⎪Ɲ1ƌ˚ḟⱘ恡✧Ƌ⛽
15Ɲ7~11Ə⻼凑≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2002Ɲ⛽ 38ƌ
˚⌸⌾恡✧Ƌ⛽ 15Ɲ1˚2ƞ⻼凑怊䅎併˚⭲㕮喗Ə1986Ɲ㎹⛽ṻƌ䬰Ə⏍⣽✏劄ⱘⶽ恡✧⛺ⱘ㕮⋽ⱋ∮奲㛰㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉˚䍟⽉Ḳ䍰♏㭿ờƋ⛽ 15Ɲ3ƞ⻼凑溪⣒⼞Ə1984Ɲ⛽䈯⎪Ɲ1ƌ˛⛽ 15˚ạ䍟⽉䍰䎍⎱㔃㈲὜㍹ạ⽉䍰♏
183

2. 憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƝ凮 Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⏳㘩㜆恡✧ḔƏ⇡✆䛟桅ἣ᷻䛟旃恡䕀䛟⯴尷⮳䙫✗滅㛰Ọᷲ⹥嘼Ɲ
(1)⌨ᷰ堳恡✧ₚ䵘䙫⽒⠸㉧㲼Ẵ䄝⏖奲Əạ杉晝伷⍚㘖ᷧὲƋ⛽ 16Ɲ8ƞ⻼凑凎㌖
取Ə1995Ɲ⯨杉ƌƏ⏍⣽Ṇ奲㛰勌⹙ạ⽉˚泌楽䬰晝⁝˛ἭṆ奲㛰㖗䙫⽒∢㉧㲼˛⌨ᷰ堳恡✧勌⹙晝䚭Ƌ⛽ 16Ɲ1~4ƞ⻼凑凎㌖取䬰Ə2001Ɲ⛽䈯 53ƌ˚晝咲Ƌ⛽ 16Ɲ5ƞ㤱␂⯍Ə1961Ɲ⛽䈯ʴƝ3ƞ⛽䈯ʺƝ1ƌ⁛恱䙫䳷㉱⸟棥Ọ䷁∢䙫ạ杉ㇽ䍟杉㮴栳Ə怀Ẃ壄棥㕮㨊㛰檿⺍䙫ᷧ凛『Ə⅝Ḕạ杉㮴栳ḔƏ䜝ᷱ䷊⎱漢⁛Ḳ䷁㢄怊䴷✏ᷧ漱Ọ⋥⊹⇡䜣䜝㈧✏Ə䜣䏪ㇽ␯⛺⽉˚ㇽ␯忶揈䊧˛怀ᷧ䉠剙凮 Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧䙫ạ杉㮴栳梏㠣䛟桅ἣ˛⏍ᷧ桅凮ạ⽉˚ạ杉䛟旃䙫䉐ờ∮㘖朹扬⇧㞫˛⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆䙫朹扬⇧㞫ḔƏ
⅐ờạ⽉䙫曀㈲㎈檿凰䙫⧦ㄲƋ⛽ 16Ɲ6˚7ƞ⻼凑凎㌖取䬰Ə2001Ɲ㎹⛽
30ƌ
Ə檻惏∮棥⛅⬾䳲⎱Ṛᷨ䳲ƞ嶚惏∮⏸⣽徸䛛妹弰俳⽉ㇷ㠣惏˛⹥ḵ⭳⅏䛟⏳⧦ㄲ⎱䳲㨊䙫⇧㞫✏ Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧Ṇ㛰䙣䏥Ƌ䷏噆 6ƌ˛⛽ 16˚⌨ᷰ堳恡✧ạ⽉˚ạ杉㮴栳䛟旃⇡✆恡䉐

184

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉(2)凱榀嘔恡✧凮⌨ᷰ堳恡✧䛟⏳Ə⽒⠸『Ḳ⅞屈⋽䉐ờẴ䄝⬿✏Ƌ㜵❋῕Ə2015Ɲ
101-105ƌƏ᷻䨕桅㛛䂡丨壮Ə⥩岣棥㖣晝♏ᷱ䙫⛂嶚䍟Ƌ⛽ 17Ɲ1~6ƌ
˚囀
⽉Ƌ⛽ 17Ɲ12ƌ
˚澃⽉Ƌ⛽ 17Ɲ9~11ƌ
˚嚮⽉Ƌ⛽ 17Ɲ13~15ƌ䬰⅞屈⋽
䉐ờ˛⏍ᷧ㖠杉凱榀嘔恡✧⏳㨊Ṇ⇡✆㛰⏫⻶⽒∢㉧㲼壤ὃ俳ㇷḲ䍰♏˚檏♏˚䟚䮫Ọ⎱㨈⍗䙫晝䮈䬰˛⅝Ḕạ杉㈧␯䏥䙫梏㠣凮 Blihun 㼉㜓Ọ⎱⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⇡✆俬⹥ḵ⭳⅏䛟⏳Əẍ⍚䜝ᷱ䷊凮漢⁛䛟怊⽉ㇷ䜣䜝Ə䜣䜝ⅎ∮㛰忶揈䊧Ḳ䜣⽉⎱⛺⽉Ḳ䜣䏇Ƌ⛽ 18Ɲ2~9ƌ
˛凚㖣⇡✆Ḳ檏峑ạ⽉⛺⽒∮凮 Blihun 㼉㜓⇡✆䙫檏妹峑ạ⽉⛺⽒䛟⏳Ə㎈幙帅⧦ㄲ˚曀㈲㛙偿⏸
ᷱƋ⛽ 18Ɲ1ƌ˛䍟Ƌ嚮ƌ楽∮␯Όᷰ妹⽉Ƌ⛽ 18Ɲ8Ə⻼凑 Hung & Chao,
2016: Fig. 5ƌƏẍ⏳㖣㼉㜓恡✧㈧奲˛⛽ 17˚凱榀嘔恡✧⏫⻶䍟⽉㮴栳恡䉐185

⛽ 18˚凱榀嘔恡✧ạ⽉㮴栳恡䉐(3)⌾䦸⛹⌧⌾䦸⛹⌧䳫凑巄ằ 1,800 ⹛∴䙫唍㝥㕮⋽杴⬷㜆㈴敲⦲⇡䏥ạ杉Ḣ栳䉐ờƏ᷻㕟憶ᷴ⤁˛⏖奲晝峑⎱檏妹峑⅐䨕㜷峑˛ᷴ⏳㜷峑⏫㛰⅝㖤ὃ㉧㲼⎱梏㠣˛⅝Ḕ晝峑俬䙭Ọ⽒⠸㖠⻶壤ὃƏ⇭∌奲㖣杴⬷㜆䙫怺䈡Ƌ⛽ 19Ɲ
1˚2ƌ
˚ṻ敺⎄⌾Ƌ⛽ 19Ɲ3ƌỌ⎱ᷰ㊘䫠恡✧ᷱⱋƋ⛽ 19Ɲ4ƌ˛⏍⣽檿
暫⤎㸽凡✗ᷱ˚䳫䕌凮杴⬷㜆⏳㜆䙫⤎㸽⋾恡✧Ṇ⇡✆䛟桅ἣ䙫⭳㕛晝⁝Ə㭋ᷧ㨀㜓奲㛰檻惏Əḍ㌶⠸⇡曀⬻䬰⥚『『⾜Ƌ⛲⇭Ə1944ƌ
˛Ọᷱ怀Ẃ晝
⁝凮㝘㵞ⲟ㖗䟚♏㘩Ị⇡✆俬✏㉧㲼⎱梏㠣ᷱ䛟桅ἣƏἭ⹛Ị廪㙁Ə⛇㭋ㆰ㘖⎾㝘㵞ⲟ㈧⽘柦˛凚㖣檏妹峑㨀㜓∮㛰⅐ờƏᷧ䂡湦妹⊇ⷌḲ⇧㞫Ƌ⛽
19Ɲ5ƌ
Ə⇡✆凑ṻ敺⎄恡✧Ə⹛Ị䳫巄ằ 1,300 ⹛∴ⷍ⏚Ə㕮⋽桅䷊ⱓ唍㝥㕮⋽Ḕ㜆Ḳ唍㝥桅❲˛⏍ᷧờ䂡㭿ờƋ⛽ 19Ɲ6ƌ
Ə㎏㸓⏳㨊ㆰ㘖⇧㞫㭿ờƏ⇡✆凑⹛Ị廪㗐˚ⱓ杴⬷㜆䙫怺䈡恡✧˛⅐ờ梏㠣䛟ἣƏ䙭Ọ䷁∢㖠⻶⋥⊹⇡ạ杉弑⺺Ə凮㝘㵞ⲟ憸ⱓ♏Ị䙫ạ杉㮴栳ᷧ㨊Ə䜝ᷱ䷊凮漢⁛䛟㎌俳㦲ㇷ䜣䜝Ḳ⣽䷊Ə⅐䜣∮␯ᷰ妹⽉˛栴栔惏⇭ᷧờ棥Ọ丘⏸≪䳲ƞ⏍ᷧờ∮㘖⤁㢄⽣㭋⹚堳Ḳ㩒 3 ⬾䳲˛⾅㕮⋽桅䷊俳姧Ə⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⎱ Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧惤墒㭟䂡⌨ᷰ堳㕮⋽䮫䕮Ḕ˛䛟⯴✗Ə凱榀嘔恡✧∮墒㭟䂡㹷凑⌸⌾㕮⋽䙫ᷰ⑳㕮⋽䮫䕮ⅎƏ
俳⌾䦸⛹⌧⇡✆俬∮ⱓ唍㝥㕮⋽˛⾅ᷱ志ạ杉˚ạ⽉㮴栳䙫檿⺍ᷧ凛『桖䤡Ə✏憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƏ⋾㵞ⲟ˚㝘㵞ⲟ凮奦⌾㵞ⲟḲ敺⬿✏檿⺍䙫巏㖶例䙫
ṹ⊼旃ᾩ˛

186

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉⛽ 19˚⌾䦸⛹⌧憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị⇡✆ạ杉㮴栳㨀㜓

3. ⎆ἶ㯸㖶例岮㖀(1)㍹䁊例晚⤮䥦ℯ䔆㛥⯴㍹䁊㖶㜏⽒䬰怙堳怵婚䴗䙫㎶志⎱媽志˛ᾄ⅝妧滅Ə㍹䁊㖶㜏⽒䙫㉧㲼Ọ䷁⽒˚㵕⽒䂡ḢƏἭṆ奲㛰⛺⽒Ƌ䪲檻⽒∢ƌ˛Ḣ栳∮㘖Ọạ₶˚ạ杉˚嚮㕮˚湦㕮䂡ḢƏ⅝Ḕ⸟奲ạ˚嚮䴫⏯Ƌ⛽ 20Ɲ2˚4˚
5ƌ˚傉檻䛟怊ạ₶䬰䴫⏯㖠⻶˛✏ạ⽉Ḣ栳ḔƏ幙帅⎱⅝孱⽉ă囀⽉㘖Ḣ奨䙫⧦ㄲƏᾄ⅝㈲惏㓡㔥䙫㖠⻶Ə幙帅ạ⽉⎯⏖⇭ㇷ⛂䨕Ɲ⅐㈲凰嵞㖣僟∴˚曀㈲㊘冄˚⅐㈲䛟䛋㓘何冄ᷱỌ⎱㜑⻶㨊⋽⽉ㄲƏ⅝Ḕ∴⅐俬䂡廪㗐䙫❲⻶˛✏怀Ẃ⅞屈㮴栳䙫旃䮧˚栴栔˚嚮庒⸟奲⛺滅˚变⽉˚㛙㉿䳲ㇽỌ岄峑˚憸ⱓ峑✗Ḳ㟺拙壄棥˛怀Ẃ壄棥⅞㛰Ɲ⹚杉˚壄棥˚⑳⡒ℬ䙫䉠⾜˛⏍⣽ẍ㎷⎱㍹䁊侊ẍ⅞㛰˥∽墩㕮㨊憴䴫˦䙫䴫⏯䉠⾜ƏἭ⤁€塏䏥⇡⅐ῲ檻⯴䨘ƒ揈⯫䙫䴫⏯旃ᾩƏ俳凮┭Ị朹扬♏ᷱ⏳㘩Ⅳ⅞⅐⁛庒˚ᷧ㭊杉䙫椼椕䳲ḍᷴ䛟⏳Ƌ晚⤮䥦Ə1961ƌ˛
㮻廪㍹䁊㖶㜏⽒凮 Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆恡䕀⏖Ọ䙣䏥Ə⅐俬ᷴ䮈㘖㮴栳˚⧦ㄲ˚⽉屳˚䴫⏯㖠⻶䬰惤⅞㛰檿⺍䙫䛟⏳『˛⥩幙帅⧦ㄲ˚䜝ᷱ䷊凮漢⽉䴷⏯俳ㇷ䙫㷘恪䜣䜝˚曀栔嚮凮ạ杉䙫䴷⏯˚ᷱ⯓ᷲ䩫ᷰ妹䊧䍟Ƌ嚮ƌ楽˚栔ⷥ变⽉䳲壄棥䬰˛187

⛽ 20˚㍹䁊㖶⏫桅ạ杉˚ạ⽉㜏⽒(2)⋾惏⹚➻㖶侊⋾㵞ⲟ䙫⇘总⊇嘔㖶凮嘔晤⹚⎆ᷱ䙫♝䑑嘔㖶✏⮝ⰲ㜏⽒㝦ᷱ㛰吾䛟⏳䙫嗄堺塏䏥˛ᾄ䍲䫖⮃Ḳ㎶志Ƌ䍲䫖⮃Ə1974ƌƏ㭋⌧㜏⽒ᷱ⸟⽒㛰⏫⻶Ḣ栳Ə⋬㋓Ɲạ栔˚ạ₶Ə湦˚屓䬰⊼䉐䳲˚㪚㥻㨠㣴䉐䳲˚⹥Ἴ䳲Ọ⎱㼉⬾˛㉧㲼ᷱỌ䷁⽒䂡Ḣ˛暽䄝Ṇ奲㛰㷡㵕⽒㉧㲼ƏἭ⤁⏑㘖Ọ㵕⽒㉧㲼⯮ạ⽉˚ạ杉⣽⽉弑⺺⇟桖⇡Ὥ俳ⷙ˛⏍⣽⋾惏⹚➻㖶例Ḳ㜏⽒Ṇ㛪㖤Ọ剙⽐Əᷧ㘖✏䷁⽒⇠晞嘼㕞Ọ䙤剙⠾㖀Əㇽ㘖⯮㷡㵕⽒㜏㝦⠾Ọ䳬˚溸˚䙤剙䙫栶㖀˛⅝ạ⽉⧦ㄲ䛟䕝⽉⻶⋽Ə䙭䂡曀㈲˚曀党⏸⣽⼵㛙˚桅ἣ囀
⽉˛ᾄ晚⤮䥦ℯ䔆䛲㲼Ə囀⽉⯍䂡幙帅⧦ㄲ䙫⹚杉嘼䏭㈲㲼Ƌ晚⤮䥦Ə1969Ɲ
173ƌ˛✏杉惏⽉屳ᷱƏ⏳㨊㛪⯮䜝ᷱ䷊Ƌㇽ䛰ƌ凮漢⁛䴫⏯ㇷ⏳ᷧ䷁㢄Ọ㨀䤡⇠ᷲḲ䜣䜝Ə⛇㭋㕛ῲạ⽉ㇽ杉⽉䙫䪲檻『Ẵ㘖Ọ⹚杉㖠⻶嘼䏭˛⋾惏⹚➻㖶例㜏⽒凮⅝⭪✗㖠㛧⤎䙫ᷴ⏳∮㘖✏塊棥凮䳲棥˛䏥⬿ạ⽉㜏⽒ḔƏ庒ᷱ䙫䙫壄棥⏖⇭䂡⅐䨕梏㠣Əᷧ㘖栔㈛⯓㲦檿ↇ˚兗乒ⷪ⸝Ə⅝Ḕ⸤㲦˚兗ⷪ⎱ạ⽉ㇽạ₶⑏恱∮棥Ọ⏫⻶⹥Ἴ䳲棥Ƌ⛽ 21Ɲ1~6ƌƏ惏⇭恱䷊棥Ọ歁⽉䨾棥Ƌ⛽ 21Ɲ3ƌƞ⏍ᷧ⻶㨊∮⤁€Ọ䷁⽒⋥⊹⇡⣽⽉Ə栔㈛ↇ
䊧侤棥ƏἭᷴ奲兗ⷪƏᷱ傉奲曀ṚƏ恱䷊⎱旃䮧嘼⸟棥Ọ歁⽉䨾棥Ə㜏䈯⑏䷊⏳㨊棥Ọ⏫⻶⹥Ἴ䳲棥Ƌ⛽ 21Ɲ7~9ƌ
˛䶃ᷱƏ䍲䫖⮃婴䂡⋾惏⹚➻㖶例䙫㜏⽒⅞㛰Ɲ⽉⻶⋽˚⹚杉⋽˚壄棥⡒ℬ『䬰䉠⾜˛188

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉⛽ 21˚⋾惏⹚➻㖶例㜏⽒㝦

⾅㮴栳˚㉧㲼˚⧦ㄲ˚⽉屳˚䴫⏯䉠⾜䬰妹⺍妧⯆Ə㍹䁊㖶凮憸ⱓ♏
㘩Ị㴨堳㖣凡䁊㝘惏⎱⋾惏䙫⅞屈㮴栳⅞㛰檿⺍䙫⏳峑『Ə⹥ḵ⏖Ọ䢡⮁䏥ằ㍹䁊㖶㛰旃⅞屈Ḣ栳䙫塏䏥㈲㲼㘖㹷凑憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị˛䛟⯴✗⋾惏⹚➻㖶∮㛰廪⤎䙫孱⋽Ə晋⯸奲嚮䳲䬰⊼䉐Ḣ栳⣽Ə⏍⣽✏㉧㲼˚塊棥˚䳲㨊䬰Ṇ㛰廪⤎䙫ⷕ䕗『˛⏍⣽ƏBlihun 㼉㜓恡✧✏怀ṹ⊼ὃ䔏⛯ⅎ㉕㻻吾ᷧῲ䉠㭱䙫妹剙˛䔘✗䏭䩡敺俳姧ƏBlihun 㼉㜓恡✧し⥤⋾惏凮㝘惏䙫ẋ䔳✗⌧Ə勌䔘晝♏Ὥ䛲Ə㼉㜓恡✧Ḣ㴨晝桅䂡㊴⍗䳲䳢䵘Əⱓ⋾惏⌨ᷰ堳㕮⋽䮫䕮ƏἭ✏⅞屈
Ḣ栳㖠杉Ə∮⎴俳凮㝘⌾惏凱榀嘔˚㍹䁊㖶㛰廪檿䙫䛟ἣ『Ə⥩凮㝘⌾惏✗⌧ᷧ㨊奲㛰嚮䳲˚塊棥䙫䛟ἣ『˚朹扬⇧㞫❲∝䙫䛟⏳『䬰ƏἭ⍢⯸奲⌨ᷰ堳恡✧⸟奲泌楽㮴栳˛(ṳ) 㮻廪⇭㝷
1. ⳝⅎṹ⊼ὃ䔏⛯Ɲ㗐✏㯸⛲ 58 ⹛Ƌ1969ƌ
ƏR. Pearson ⍚㎷⇡㝘惏✗⌧䙫㳗㹷晝桅Ƌ⍚䳬壷剙䴇杉晝ƌ✏峑✗˚栶剙˚塏杉嘼䏭˚♏⽉Ƌ尵㉱˚⛯嶚ƌ䬰惤凮⋾惏⛺ⱘ㕮⋽䛟桅ἣƋPearson, 1969˚1970ƌ
˛暽䄝怀ᷧ妧滅⭲㕮喗ℯ䔆ḍᷴ婴⏳Ƌ⭲㕮喗Ə1980Ɲ133-134ƌƏἭ徸⹛ὭワὭワ⤁俪⏋岮㖀䙫⇡✆䙭
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㋮⏸ Pearson 䙫䛲㲼⏖僤㘖㭊䢡䙫Əẍ⍚凑⋾惏˚㝘⋾惏Ọ徫劘㝘ᷧ⸝凑㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㗐㜆⍚⬿✏吾⮭⇮䙫ṹ⊼旃ᾩ˛⥩✏晝♏㖠杉Ə⋾惏乐䳲晝㘩Ị䙫姱⠿➻Ƌ≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2007ƌ
˚⅒憳凱➵Ƌ晟㳗潴Ə2014ƌƞ㝘⋾惏⤎䫠
⛴恡✧ƞ㝘惏劘哕䙫⤎✸˚湤⯕䬰恡✧䬰Ə惤⏖奲∗䛟ἣ䙫尵㉱˚㟘䊧㎷㉱Ƌ惏⇭⸝䍟楽⽉ƌ˛⽳乳⛺ⱘ㕮⋽˚ḟⱘ恡✧Ƌ≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2001˚2007ƌ˚⌸⌾㕮⋽䬰Ṇ⏖䛲∗䛟桅ἣ䙫㉱㈲˛怀Ẃ䛟ἣ『晋ṭ晝♏⣽Ə⏍⣽✏䟚♏
Ṇ⏖䛲∗䛟⏳䙫䏥屈Ə⥩㍙䓊⽉䟚⇧˚䍰棥䬰Ƌ≰䚱㗳Ə2000ƞ惔䴇䦲Ə2014ƌ˛晋㭋Ḳ⣽Ə⥩∴㈧志Ə⅞屈⋽㮴栳䙫㉧㲼⎱梏㠣Ṇ⏖䛲∗䛟⏳䙫䏥屈˛
⅞屈⋽Ḳ䍟楽˚䍟⽉Ḳ⽒⠸㗐✏㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㗐㜆姱⠿➻㕮⋽⍚ⷙ⇡䏥Ə⽳
乳✏⋾惏˚㝘⋾惏⻊㳂⏖奲˛俳≑⽘⻶ạ⽉˚䪲檻ạ楽˚ạ⽉䬰㮴栳Ṇ䳫✏㖗䟚♏㘩ỊḔ㙁㜆✏㭋ᷧ⌧⟆㴨ₚƏ⅝Ḕạ⽉⽒⠸Ḣ奨⇡䏥✏劘哕凚凡㝘ᷧ⸝ƏἭạ䍟䛟怊䙫ạ䍟⽉䍰䎍∮凑⋾惏㲦㝘㵞ⲟ䛛凚凡䁊㝘⌾ᷧ⸝˛怀Ẃ⅞屈⻶䉐ờ✏梏㠣ᷱ⅞㛰檿⺍䙫ᷧ凛『Ə᷻㮻廪䉠∌✗怀ᷧ桅❲䙫♏
䉐⤁⇡凑凡䁊䙫⋾惏⎱㝘惏Ə⋬␒姱⠿➻㕮⋽˚⛺ⱘ㕮⋽˚ḟⱘ㕮⋽˚劘Ⲉⱘ㕮⋽˚湹溆㕮⋽Ọ⎱⌸⌾㕮⋽䬰˛凚憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƏ暽䄝⛇䂡憸ⱓ♏䙫⇡䏥俳ὦ⽾㉧㲼㛰㈧≜㖗˚㮴栳Ṇ廪∴㜆⢅⊇ƏἭṹ⊼ὃ䔏䙫堳䂡Ẵ䄝⬿✏˛㗐㜆⍚ⷙ⬿✏䙫⽒⠸㖠⻶Ẵ䄝⏖奲㖣怀ᷧ✗⌧Əḍ⏸⣽㓛㕊凚奦⌾⹚⎆唍㝥㕮⋽杴⬷桅❲ḔƏ俳㖗䙫⽒∢㉧㲼Ṇ⏖奲㖣⋾惏˚㝘⋾惏Ọ⎱劘㝘ᷧ⸝Əḍ⏳㨊✗㓛㕊凚奦⌾⹚⎆ᷱ˛怀Ẃ⅞屈⋽㮴栳䙫梏㠣ᷱṆ㛰⅝ᷧ凛『Ə㛧⅟❲䙫⍚㘖⋥⊹⇡䜝ᷱ䷊⎱漢⁛Ḳ弑⺺Ọ⼞媦䜣䜝䙫塏䏥㈲㲼⹥ḵ⏫✗惤⥩⇡ᷧ弴˛⏍ᷧῲṹ⊼ὃ䔏⛯䙫嬰㓁∮Ὥ凑㖣䏥⬿⎆ἶ㯸㖶例䙫˥Sanasai˦ₚ媑Ƌ凡⋾⸄⛲⤎⭟✆ιƑạ䨕⭟䟻䩝⮋媦㟌ƞ㤱⌾惈孖娢Ə2011ƞ婠䴇⨆Ə1998ƌ
˛怀ᷧₚ媑㙕怴⇭ⷪ㖣劘㝘㵞ⲟ˚嘔晤⹚⎆Ọ徫⋾㵞ⲟᷧ⸝Ə凮ᷱ志⅞屈㮴栳⎱⅝⭪䉐峑恡䕀䙫⇭ⷪ䮫⛴檿⺍憴䕱Ə怀Ṇ桖䤡㖗䟚♏㘩Ị⍚ⷙ⻡䪲䙫巏㖶例ṹ⊼ὃ䔏⛯Ə䵺憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƏḍ㋨乳凚㭞⏙㘩㜆˛Ṇ⛇㭋ᷱ志憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị⋾惏˚㝘⋾惏Ọ⎱劘㝘✗⌧檿⺍⏳峑『䙫ạ⽉˚ạ杉㮴栳Ḫ㘖⟡㖣㖣㗐ℯ⍚ⷙ⻡䪲䙫ṹ⊼ὃ䔏⛯˛俳凚㎌徸㭞⏙㘩ỊḲ㘩Ə⋾惏✗⌧㈴忷㼟敲⦲⇡䏥㖗䙫怇❲˛

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Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

2. 㘩䩡䕗⏳『㮻廪Ɲ(1)㮴栳
㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㘩㜆⅞屈⋽㮴栳ḔƏ晋⯸㕟⊇ⷌ⇡䉫妹俳⏖㎏⯵ㆰⱓ湦䦸⊼䉐⣽Ə⅝棿∮䔘㖣怇❲㨟㋀Ə廪曊徏嬿⇡⅝⎆❲Ə€僤㎏㸓ㆰⱓ⛂嶚䍟桅Ə⏍⛺ⱘ恡✧暽⇡✆㛰朹扬泌楽Ƌ湦憵⿇暫吾ƞ㤱⌾惈˚㜵ὃ⩞孖娢Ə
2016Ɲᷱ⍞Ə⛽䈯 31Ɲ䬓 2 ⛽ƌƏἭ⏖僤㘖䔘⣽✗ₚ⅌˛㭋㘩ạ⽉Ḣ栳怇❲䰈▕Əṻ⭿€Ọ∡滅˚≪䳲Ọ⎱㌶⠸䬰㖠⻶⊇ⷌƏ䛟⯴▕媦Ə᷻⏫♏⭿⏫凑䍏䪲˛Ἥ∗ṭ憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƏ嚮⽉䳲˚澃⽉䳲䬰㮴栳⏖僤㘖怀ᷧ㘩㜆㈴敲⦲⇡䏥Ə⅝Ḕ嚮⽉䳲✏㝘⌾㵞ⲟ凱榀嘔恡✧Ọ⎱㝘⋾惏㼉㜓恡✧䙭㛰䙣䏥Ə᷻⇡䏥ạ˚嚮䛟Ἓ䙫壮⏯㮴栳ƞ俳囀⽉˚澃⽉䬰∮䏥ằ€奲㖣㝘惏✗⌧˛ỌᷱḢ栳廪⯸✏⋾惏✗⌧䙣䏥Ə䛟⯴✗✏⋾惏✗⌧⌨ᷰ堳恡✧Ḕ∮奲㛰泌楽Ə俳㭋ᷧ㮴栳∮⯸奲㖣㝘惏✗⌧Əテ✏㍹䁊㖶㈧㔝営䙫朹扬⇧㞫⏖奲∗泌楽壄棥Ƌ湦憵⿇暫吾Ə㤱⌾惈˚㜵ὃ⩞孖娢Ə2016Ɲᷱ⍞⛽䈯 19ƌ˛(2)㉧㲼㖗䟚♏㘩Ị凮憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị⎱㭞⏙㘩Ị⎆ἶ㯸㖶例✏⅞屈Ḣ栳䙫壤ὃᷱƏ㛧⤎䙫ᷴ⏳✏㖣⊇ⷌ㉧㲼䙫ᷴ⏳Ə俳怀㥜㛰⏖僤凮憸ⱓ♏䙫⇡䏥檿⺍䛟旃˛✏㖗䟚♏㘩ỊƏ䪲檻⅞屈⋽䙫䉐ờ⤁€僤Ọ廆峑㜷㖀壤ὃƏ⥩晝✆Ə俳⅝㉧㲼⤁㎈⽒˚⠸ḍ堳Ə懄⯴䡓峑㜷㖀Ə∮⏑ㆰ䔏⎆㛰䙫摤˚ỷ˚䣏䬰㖠⻶⊇ⷌƏ䄈㲼怙堳䴗惏䙫∢≪˚⋥㑹䬰⊇ⷌ㖠⻶˛Ἥ∗ṭ憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị嵞Ə晋ṭ⎆㛰䙫⽒⠸㖠㲼Ẵ䄝⬿✏⣽Ə懄⯴䡓㜷峑Ə∮ⷙ㖗䙫⽒∢㉧㲼Ὥ怙堳㛛䴗㭌䙫⊇ⷌƏ᷻䷁⽒˚㵕⽒Ọ⎱⛺⽒䙭㛰㈧奲˛⅝Ḕ䂡ṭ塏䏥⇡䪲檻ㄆƏ曀⋥㓓晤䳲˚⋥㑹⻶㵕⽒䬰Ṇ㉧㲼Ṇ敲⦲⇡䏥˛(3)⧦ㄲ⽉屳暽䄝ạ⽉˚ạ杉Ḣ栳㗐✏㖗䟚♏㘩Ị⍚ⷙ⇡䏥ƏἭ⅝⧦ㄲ⽉屳㗐㙁∮
㛰㈧ⷕ䕗˛㖗䟚♏㘩ỊḲạ⽉㮴栳⤁㎈≑⽘㖠⻶␯䏥ƏḍỌ䪲⧦㖠⻶塏䏥˚
曀㈲㜄ᷲƏ凚㖣ạ杉ᷱ䙫ṻ⭿⽉屳∮Ọ∡滅˚∢≪䷁䳲˚㌶⠸䬰㖠⻶壤ὃƏ⏫惏ἴ⏫凑䍏䪲˛凚憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƏ⧦ㄲ⽉屳㛰㈧㔠孱˛✏⛂傉䙫塏䏥⇡䏥⤁㨊『Əㇽ䪲⧦˚ㇽ幙帅˚ㇽ孱㏂䂡囀⽉Ə曀㈲ㇽ⹚἟˚ㇽ⼵㛙⏸ᷱ˛冰
⽉∮∢ヶ⼞媦䜝ᷱ䷊⎱䜣䜝ƏỌᾦ✏⹚杉ᷱ塏䏥⇡䪲檻ㄆ˛191

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⽉⻶⋽˚⯴䨘『˚⡒ℬ『Ƌ憴奭『ƌ㗐✏㖗䟚♏㘩Ị⍚㶜嗱吾怀Ẃ㦲⛽㲼∮˛⅝Ḕ⽉⻶⋽㖠杉Ə䛟⏳㮴栳✏ᷴ⏳㜷峑Ḕ⏫㛰⅝⽉⻶⋽㨈㝦˛⥩ạ杉㮴栳✏晝✆ᷱ䙫塏䏥⽉⻶凮✏檏˚㜏䬰䡓㜷峑ᷱ㈧塏䏥䙫㨈⻶⍚㛰㈧ᷴ⏳Əὲ⥩⍚ὦ∗ṭ憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊƏ晝⁝Ẵ䄝䶔㋨⎆Ὥ䙫⽉⻶˛⏍ᷧ㖠杉⯴䨘『ἣḵ㘖ạ桅⅘态䙫⾪䏭㨈㝦ƏṆ㘖㛧ᷴ⮠㗺㔠孱䙫䴷㦲⎆∮˛⡒ℬ『⏳㨊㛰⅝岒㘩昷䙫⅘⏳『˛Ọ憴奭『䙫㖠⻶ㇽᷴ⏳䳲㨊⡒㻦䈯杉Ṇ㘖凑⦲凚䴩䙭⬿✏吾Ə⏑㘖⡒ℬ䙫㖠⻶㛰㈧ᷴ⏳ƏᷧẂ㘖Ọ憴奭㮴栳䙫㖠⻶Ə⏍⣽∮㘖Ọ⅝⭪⹥Ἴ⻶䳲㨊ㇽ⅝⭪㮴栳Ὥℬ⡒˛✏㗉㛰䙫ⳝⅎṹ⊼ὃ䔏⛯ḔƏ暏吾㘩敺䙫㎏㻻Ə㛪⇡䏥ᷧẂ㖗䙫㕮⋽奨䴇Ə怀Ẃ奨䴇ㇽ娘㘖✏⎆ℯṹ⊼ὃ䔏⛯Ḕ䙫例檻凑堳≜怇ḍ忷㼟㴨态ƏἭ⏍⣽Ṇ㛰Ὥ䛲ⳝ⣽ₚ⅌䙫Ə⅝Ḕ憸ⱓ♏㘩ỊḔ㛰娘⤁奨䴇ㆰ婙㘖䔘ⳝ⣽ₚ⅌䙫˛ᵊƱ⮴⟔㔀䤸俆䰟㉠壌濣(ᷧ) 俪⏋㜷㖀
1. 斐㱆㴨⟆Ɲ斐㝘斐㱆㴨⟆✏⅓K∴⽳Ḳ俪⏋㕮⋽䂡⮳㝾⳾桅❲˛ᾄ惔䴇䦲Ḳ䛲㲼Ə
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192

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

棥Ə主咭⍗䳲˚⤁憴⛯⍗䳲˚㖠㠣⛅⬾⍗䳲˚㖠㠣⊇滅䳲˚⊼䉐䳲⟭䳷䬰✏⮳㝾⳾桅❲⎱ᷰ⑳㕮⋽䙭㛰㈧奲ƏⰋ⅝㘖⮳㝾⳾桅❲Ḕ䙫 S ⽉䳲˚㸍⍞䳲⑳䮔措䳲䴷⏯䙫䳲棥凮ᷰ⑳㕮⋽Ḕ䙫嚮⽉䳲棥㥜䂡桅ἣ˛⛇㭋惔䴇䦲⥚⣒婴䂡䥶⻡䙫惏⇭䙥嵱ℯ㯸Ə㥜⏖僤⛇Ḕ⎆㼉㕮⋽䙫⌾怙Ə忒ὦ⎆斐嵱ạ巏㵞怙⅌⏗䁊㝘⌾⁛Ə怇ㇷ⌸⌾㕮⋽㙁㜆䔉䔆㕮⋽孱恞俳弰孱䂡ᷰ⑳㕮⋽Ƌ惔䴇䦲Ə2019ƌ˛テᷱ志搜♏˚㊴⍗䳲晝䬰✏取⌾⏫✗⌧⤁㛰㈧奲Əḍ杅⮳㝾⳾桅❲㈧䍏㛰Ə᷻嚮ⳮ㋃Ṇḍ杅斐嵱㈧䍏㛰䙫Ὲỗ˛ⅴ俬⮳㝾⳾桅❲ḔṆ⯸奲⅞屈⋽㮴栳Ḳ䉐ờ˛䛟⯴✗ᷰ⑳㕮⋽㶜咲䙫㘩敺滅敞总徸〉⹛Əᷴ⏳㕮⋽奨䴇⇡䏥䙫㘩敺滅Ṇᷴ⏳Ə⥩㈚⍗˚⢺⍗˚∡滅䬰㘖ⱓ㗐㜆䉠剙Ə⊼䉐⟭䳲䬰∮⹛Ị廪㙁Ƌ㜵❋῕˚吰併䎴Ə2017ƌ˛勌斐嵱䢡⯍㘖⎾∗㼉㕮⋽䙫⌾怙俳恞⽹Əㆰ㘖✏⅓K∴⍚ⷙ⏳㘩⤎憶⇡䏥Ə俳ᷴㆰ㘖⇭㉠怙⅌˛
2. 斐⌾䲜㝘Ɲᾄ⏙㛟㈧廰Ə㜓⌧✏✗䏭ἴ何し⥤ἴ㖣斐嵱Ọ⎱⌾嵱Ḳ敺Ə⛇㭋Ṇ⇭⎾⅐✗⌧Ḳ⽘柦˛ᾄ俪⏋岮㖀Ὥ䛲Ə✏斐⌾✗⌧䛟旃䙫岮㖀ᷴ⤁ƏḢ奨⇡✆䂡䡓晝Ə♏塏棥䱚⬾䳲˚㰛㳉䳲˚⼍䳲˚憴⛅⬾ẋ⎰䳲䬰Ə㗵桖⎾∗Ὥ凑⋾⁛斐嵱㕮⋽䙫⽘柦ƏƋ䥶⻡㘰㱆㴨⟆俪⏋媦㟌晱Ə2010Ɲ313ƌ˛俳✏䲜㝘㽕㰼ᷧ⸝∮㘖㘖⎾∗Ὥ凑䏇㱆ᷰ妹㴙⌾嵱䙫⽘柦˛✏⅓K∴⽳Ƌ㈗⛲凚㼉ƌ䲜㝘ᷧ⸝䙫㕮⋽奨䴇Ὥ凑ᷰ㖠杉Əᷧ㘖㗐㜆㵕㿘㕮⋽䙫⬸恡Əṳ㘖Ὥ凑敞㱆㴨⟆䙫⽘柦Ə⥩㴨堳㖣␚嵱䙫䱚⬾䳲晝♏ƞἭ㛧憴奨䙫∮㘖䔘䏇㱆㴨⟆㈧⸝⅌䙫嘞䳲晝㕮⋽Ọ⎱嵱⻶朹扬♏䬰Ƌ㏔晤俪⏋晱˚㏔晤ⷩ㕮⋽ⰧƏ2003Ɲ110~112ƌ˛䶃ᷱƏ㗐㜆朹扬♏㘩Ị㜓⌧䙫㵕㿘㕮⋽˚嘵㝾ⱘ桅❲䬰∗ṭ⅓K∴⽳⹥ḵⷙ墒⅐⁛䙫斐嵱˚⌾嵱㕮⋽㈧⏳⋽Ə凑䄈⽘柦凡䁊䙫⏖僤『˛3. 䏇㱆ᷰ妹㴙Ɲ䏇㱆ᷰ妹㴙䳫✏巄ằ 3,500 ⹛∴Ḳ嘞䳲晝㕮⋽ㇽ㛛㗐敲⦲怙⅌朹扬♏
㘩ỊƋ㛙䔏⾪Ə2009ƌƏ䕝㘩ᷧẂ✗滅⥩䏇㵞㣇ᷲ䒗恡✧Ƌ㜵ⶽƏ1995ƌ˚榀㸖㲀➻㜸˚怵巖䁊˚㲀垡䁊䬰✗䙭⇡✆䟚䮫Ƌ惹凯取ƌ
Ə⅝ḔḢ奨䂡壤ὃ扬扅˛暽䄝䕝㘩ⷙ㷘⎾Ὥ凑⋾㖠敞㱆㴨⟆Ḳ⽘柦ƏἭḢ奨䙫㖶例ㆰẴⱓ㈧嫩䙥嵱䙫✆吾㖶例˛Ḳ⽳䧍⦲䙮✏⅓K∴ 214 ⹛㴥庴Ἳ柿ⶡ⌾⽳娔惈ⱖ⅜Ə
193

凑㭋㼉ạ敲⦲⤎憶怙⅌㜓⌧ƏḲ⽳⅓K∴ 203 ⹛⎆䧍⯮潴ⷄị嶀Ἶ凑䪲䂡䍲Əテ㭋㘩€㘖䵘㲢晵ⱋ䂡㼉ạ⣽Ə䕝✗ㆰẴỌ⎆ἶ✆吾䂡Ḣ˛俳䔘䕝㘩䙫⡺呓岮㖀⏖Ọ䛲⇡凮斐嵱ᷧ㨊Ə⎆ℯ䙫✆吾㕮⋽凮㼉㕮⋽✏㭋὜⬿˛⅝Ḕⱓ㖣㗐㜆✆吾㕮⋽䙫恡䉐ḔƏ憸ⱓ♏⋬␒Ɲ扬㎷䬹˚扬滺˚扬扅˚嵱⻶搜滵˚㈨卽䄈㠣䟔≴˚扬䓝˚ạ楽㟘䬰ƞ晝♏∮㛰䓼˚伷˚䓝˚㎷䬹䬰Ə䳲棥⍇Ḣ檻䙫㘖⍗䳲⑳≪䳲Ə⅝㦲⛽Ṇ⤎⤁䂡⹥Ἴ⽉⛽㠯˛⸟奲䙫䳲棥㛰㖠㠣䳲˚䱚⬾⽉㖠㠣䳲˚乐䳲˚⹥Ἴ⽉㈚⍗䳲˚⼍䳲˚㰛㳉䳲˚拟漹䳲˚
㸍滅䳲⑳咽䳲Ə⸟✏ᷧờ♏䉐ᷱ㖤⤁䨕䳲棥Ə㞷⹥䨕劘䳲⸟愴㖣㞷⹥䨕晝♏ᷱ俳⽉ㇷ♏⽉凮䳲棥Ḳ敺䙫愴䔏旃ᾩ˛
4. 嵱⋾䳬㲚㴨⟆Ɲ䳬㲚ᷰ妹㴙ᷧ⸝凑巄ằ 2,500 ⹛∴ⷍ⏚敲⦲怙⅌搜♏㘩Ị䙫㝘ⱘ㕮⋽˛⇡✆恡䕀䨕桅尷⮳Ə⅝Ḕ䟚♏㛰䟚挂˚䟚㖎˚䟚摦˚䶙⢃˚䣏䛋˚䟚措䬰Ə⏍㛰䟚䒗⑳䟚䏇棥䬰⯸憶壄棥⒨Ə⅝Ḕ䟚䒗⯸㕟䂡 T ❲∽杉曀柿䒗˛晝♏
Ḣ奨䂡⤥䟩䱾晝Ə晝剙㛰䳬˚壷˚䁗ᷰ䨕˛♏⽉Ḣ奨㘖䔆㴢䔏⅞ƏỌ✃⹼懃˚伷䂡ḢƏ⅝ẽ䙫㛰㕅⏊䓼˚⛯嶚䓝˚⍗㨈˚䚭˚䴈弑˚䶙⢃˚Ą⎰ą⽉♏˚䚩⽉♏䬰˛䳲棥Ọ乐䳲⑳䶙㠣䳲䂡ḢƏ⅝ẽ㛰⹥Ἴ䳲˚ᷰ妹䳲˚⛺⛯䳲˚吰僯䳲˚㳉㵑䳲˚垡㖲䳲䬰˛朹扬♏⤁䂡䟚䮫㨈∝俳ㇷƏ⏖⇭䂡⅜♏˚䔆䔉ⷌ⅞˚䔆㴢䔏⅞䬰˛⅝Ḕ䔆䔉ⷌ⅞㛰搕˚⇧˚拋˚揆˚懄˚歁手䬰ƞ䔆㴢䔏⅞Ḣ奨㘖伷Ə⥩䚬˚㎷䬹˚⣡˚䓝˚䚭˚䛋˚⤎扬伟䬰ƞ壄棥⒨㛰㈲䒗˚⸝手˚扬㈲搙䬰ƞ㧩♏㛰扬滺˚佱妹懼扬䷏揿˚䮈䊧扬戛䬰ƞ⅜♏⋬㋓措˚揉˚䟂˚ᷴ⯴䨘⽉㖎Ƌ扅ƌ˚㇯˚⋼楽˚孞僟䔙䈮䬰˛⅝Ḕ⅟❲♏䉐㛰Ɲ坝俣⽉扬摨˚杛⽉扬扅˚扵⏊␯敞㖠⽉ㇽ㈨⅔恱⽉㭊杉徸㢖⽉䙫扬㖎˚㖃僈㛰ⅎ㇯˚吰杉␯ᷴ⯴䨘变⽉䙫䟂䏪⽉卽楽⑳㠣ⅎ⍞ㇷ⅐ῲ⛺⛯䙫朹扬䟔≴˚ᷧ⬾㠣朹扬䟔≴˚扬伟˚扬䚬˛⅝Ḕ㝘ⱘ扬滺㘖㛧⅞䉠⾜『䙫♏䉐Ƌ晚㚰‐Ə2013Ɲ93~118ƌ˛⅝Ḕ㜓⌧㘖䒗⌾㵞Ḕạ⽉㮴栳㛧䂡㗵䢡䙫✗⌧˛
5. 嵱⌾Ḕ⌾惏Ɲ嵱⌾Ḕ⌾惏✗⌧✏扬♏㘩Ị凚搜♏㘩Ị㘩ⱓ㲀垉㕮⋽䮫䕮˛䏥ằ⤁好㲀垉㕮⋽䂡⍇⨭Ḳ∴庒Əḍ⏖僤㘖䔘ⳝⶣ㝘⌾ẅ䧢㯸怵⎢Ə俳晝♏ᷱ凮⅝㛧䂡䛟ἣ䙫⍚㘖ἴ㖣叙⽲岺Ḕ惏䙫 Kalanay 㴅䩛˛㲀䑐㕮⋽Ḕ㙕怴ὦ䔏䛛䪲䙫䓼㣡➲呓㭢俬˛⇡✆恡䕀Ḕ,㛧⅞Ị塏『䙫♏䉐㘖曀䍟栔䍰䎍Ọ⎱ᷰ⇟194

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

嵞䙫 lingling-O˛晋㭋Ḳ⣽Ə㲀䑐㕮⋽䟚♏∮Ọ屺凳⽉䟚拋⑳ᷰ妹⽉䙫⯽㞫䟚扅䂡⅝䉠剙˛朹扬♏Ọ䰈▕䙫摦˚䮔措˚歁手䬰䂡ḢƏ⏍Ṇ奲㛰扬扅˛晝♏♏⽉㛰䡾˚䓝˚懃˚䴈弑˚䶙⢃䬰Ə怀ᷧ晵㮜䙫Ⱜ㯸恫⤎憶䔏岄ὃ䂡
壄棥⒨Ə㙁㜆ḍ⏖僤ⷙ凑堳壤ὃ憸♏ƋReineckeƏ2022ƌ
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6. 㸫⅓㲚ᷰ妹㴙Ɲ
㜓⌧✏奦K∴⽳䂡㉝⌾㈧䵘㲢Ə⽳乳∮䂡䜆冿㈧㔢㺬˛㭋⌧ᾄ俪⏋⭟
䙫⑤⏴⎆∮Əㇽ⏖Ọᾫ⍫ƋOc Eoƌ恡✧䂡Ị塏俳䨘䂡ᾫ⍫㕮⋽˛⅝恡䕀䛟䕝尷⮳᷻Ὥ㹷⤁KƏ⋬㋓䟚♏˚晝♏˚朹扬♏˚搜♏˛⅝Ḕ▕▕晝䈮Ⱈ㛰⏖僤Ὥ凑怘恱⌨⹥嘼✗⌧Ə⤎惏⇭弑壤˛䟚♏奲㛰㛰傐䟚扅˚敞㖠⽉䟚挂˚棥⒨∮奲㛰䳬䍰檺˚㰛㙝䏇棥ƏT ⽉䟚㈲搙ƏṆ⋬㋓ṭ lingling-OƏ恫䙣䏥
㛰懄⑳扅䙫䟩Ⲑ搫㨈˛憸ⱓ♏奲㛰憸壤⒨˚搜峑扅ƞ搜≴Ə᷻搜䤍㸊暭Ḕ⇭ἯƏ⏍⣽Ⰱ䙣䏥佬榓⸄⛲䡓⹊˛⏍⣽Ṇ䙣䏥⅒㞁䔘执壤ㇷƏᷱ杉⍗㛰嵱⌾ↇ曅䙫⽉屈Ə桖䄝㘖✏䕝✗搫怇䙫ƋManguin & Stark, 2022ƌ
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7. ⳝⶣ㝘⌾ẅƝ⋬␒凡䁊✏ⅎƏⳝⶣ㝘⌾ẅ憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị㛧⤎䙫䉠剙⍚㘖朹扬♏⎱搜♏
⹥ḵ㘖⏳㘩⇡䏥Ə⛇㭋⤁Ọ憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị䨘④˛俳⅝敲⦲ὦ䔏䙫⹛Ị䳫✏巄
ằ 2,500~2,000 ⹛敺˛⅝Ḕἴ㖣⌾㵞㝘⁛䙫叙⽲岺䳫凑巄ằ 2,500 ⹛∴怙⅌㗐㜆憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị˛晋ⷛ㊰㜂⣽Ə⅒㈺暨˚榓㖖㴥䉠ⳝ˚ⅎ㠣佬㖖ⳝ䬰⤁嘼䙣䏥㗐㜆憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị䙫恡✧Ə⅝Ḕ搜♏凮扬♏˚朹扬♏ᷧ嵞䙣䏥˛Ἥḍ㱹㛰⽉ㇷḢ奨ⷌ⅞Ə⾅㖗䟚♏㘩Ị∗搜♏㘩Ị䙫怵㸈Ə䟚♏ẴἻ㓁Ḣ奨✗ἴ˛叙⽲岺䙫㗐㜆憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị䙫䉠⾜Ə晋ṭ朹扬♏⑳搜♏䂡⻼怙⣽Ə⏍⣽∮㘖䓼㣡呓䙫㴨堳˚晝♏䙫⤁㨊⋽⑳⽐晝䙫丨㦕Ọ⎱䍰䟚壄棥˛Ἥḍ㜑奲㛰㗵桖ạ⽉㮴栳䙫䉐ờ˛(ṳ) ⳝ⣽ṹ⊼ẋ㏂⛯ᾄ㴑㚰䳻˚嶀憸⊮䙫䛲㲼Ə凡䁊憸ⱓ♏㘩Ị㗐㜆ᷧẂ㉧堺⎱♏䉐Ə⋬␒Ɲ憸ⱓ↝䄰⎱捂搫㉧堺˚憸ⱓ⎆㖀˚⍗⤑䎢䑪䏇˚䍰檺䏇棥䬰ㇷ⒨Ə䔁凚⯯㥔䙫ⷌ⌇ㆰ㘖Ὥ凑ⳝ⣽ƞ䛟⯴✗✏ⳝ⣽∮⏖䙣䏥Ὥ凑凡䁊䙫敪䍰㈧壤
ㇷ䙫倚棥Ə㛰∌㖣㼉ạ㈧Ḣ⯵Ọ⤎晟㝘⌾ẅ㲦ⲟ䂡刑䷁䙫㵞ᷱ䵙巖Ə䕝㘩

195凡䁊凮愗徸叙⽲岺˚ⷛ㊰㜂˚㳗⛲⌾惏Ọ⎱⨭佬ⷅ䬰ⳝⶣ㝘⌾ẅ㲦ⲟ⬿✏⏍ᷧ㢄Ọ⌾ⳝ媅㖶㖶例㈧䴫ㇷḲẋ㏂ṹ⊼䶙䵈ƋHung & Chao, 2016ƌ
˛俳ᷱ志ⳝ⣽䉐峑䙫⇡✆䢡⯍嬰㗵ṭ䒗⌾㵞ᷧ⸝㝘⁛䢡⯍⬿✏ẋ㏂䶙䵈ƏἭ怀Ẃ初Ὥ⒨ḍ䄈㲼Ị塏ⳝⶣ敺㘖␍⬿✏ヶ嬿⎱婴䟌ⱋ㬈䙫ṹ⊼˛Ἥ✏怀Ẃ✗⌧ḔƏỌạ⽉˚ạ杉⽉䂡㮴栳俬€✏䳬㲚㴨⟆䙫㝘ⱘ㕮⋽奲㛰㮻廪⤁䙫嬰㓁˛⏍⣽怀ᷧ✗⌧Ṇ㘖䟚䮫˚T ❲䒗˚ᷧ⬾㠣⋼楽⇡䏥㛧䂡栢丨䙫✗⌧˛俳怀Ẃ恡䕀✏ Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧Ṇ惤⏖Ọ䙣䏥䛟桅ἣ䙫♏䉐˛⛽ 22˚Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆䙫㝦Ⲑ䣏壤ᷧ⬾㠣⋼楽⛽ 23˚Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆䙫 T ❲岄䒗

196

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉⛽䈯 12˚Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧⇡✆䙫䟩Ⲑ䟚䮫⏍⣽䔘㕮䍢岮㖀妧⯆Ə䕝㘩䙫ṹ⊼ẋ㏂檻䳢Ṇ䛟䕝壮曃˛Ọ㼉㯸㖶妧滅䙫姿拫Ə㼉Ị┭ạ䙫岦㗺巖䷁⥩ˣ㼉㛟澽✗䏭⾾ˤ㈧廰Ɲ˥üü凑㗌⌾暃⡅˚
⽷偅˚⏯㵍删堳⏖ṻ㛯Ə㛰惤K⛲ƞ⎯删堳⏖⛂㛯Ə㛰恸䛎㱹⛲ƞ⎯删堳⏖ṳ⌨棿㗌Ə㛰嫝曉⛲ƞ㭌堳⏖⌨棿㗌Ə㛰⤒䓿惤䛎⛲˛凑⤒䓿惤䛎⛲删堳⏖ṳ㛯棿Ə㛰溪㔖⛲Ə㯸ι䕌凮䏇⊖䛟桅˛⅝ⷅ⻊⤎Ə㈝⏊⤁Ə⤁䕗䉐Ə凑㭍⸄ỌὭ䙭䍢奲˛㛰孖敞Əⱓ溪敧Ə凮ㆰ⋆俬Ῐ⅌㵞ⷦ㗵䏇˚䒎㴨曉˚⤮䟚䕗䉐Ə漵溪憸曃丹俳⽧˛㈧凚⛲䙭䨆棆䂡倍Ə堢⤞岯删Ə弰忨凛ḲƏẍ∐ẋ㗺˛≤㮡ạƏ⎯勍怉梏㳉㺡㭢Əᷴ俬㕟⹛Ὥ恫˦˛怀ᷧ㢄刑巖Ṇ㘖⽳
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Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧Ḕ㜓㕮䷏噆 1 ⇡✆凑䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ㙁㜆䙫䟚㝦㣡ḔƏ婙㣡ⅎ䂡壮檻呓Ə᷻ⷙ⎾㙁㜆⎾㓥ṩƏ⇡✆䙫晑呓⒨晋ṭᷱ志Ḳạ⽉檏㞫⣽Ə⏍⣽Ⰱ㛰䎢䑪䒗 1 ờ˚憸䭻 2 䈮䬰Ə晑呓⒨㕟憶ḍᷴ⤁ƏἭ䙭ⱓ岛憴䧧⯸Ḳ䉐ờ˛ⅴ俬婙ờ檏♏䂡恡✧Ḕテᷧᷧờạ䍟Ƌ嚮ƌ䛟怊䙫恡䉐˛⏍⣽⅐ờ朹扬⇧㞫㨀㜓⏳㨊䂡晑呓⒨Ə俳⅝㣡⮋䙭䂡壮檻呓Ə⅐⡺呓䙭奲㛰尷⮳䙫晑呓晝伷ƏṆ⏫奲搜峑㦴栔Ə⏍⣽ B2-1-M4 ⏍⣽ T ❲岄䒗˛⇧㞫˚⅜♏
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⛽䈯 15˚B2-1-M4 ⡺呓Ə⏳㨊奲尷⮳晑呓伷˚T ❲岄䒗⎱⸝卽㦴栔䔘Ọᷱ䙫岮㖀⏖Ọ䛲⇡Ə凚恙 Bliihun 㼉㜓恡✧✏䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ㘩Ƌ䳫巄ằ 1,470 ⹛∴ƌƏạ⽉Ḣ栳ⷙ凮搜♏䛟旃偖Ə⏍⣽凚䬓ᷧ㕮⋽ⱋ㙁㜆㘩Əạ嚮䛟怊䙫㮴栳Ṇ敲⦲⇡䏥˛ᾄ䕝㘩䙫ⷌ嗄㉧堺俳姧Ə搜♏✏䕝㘩ㆰ㘖䧧㛰俳䎴岛䙫ƏṆ⛇㭋ὃ䂡搜♏䙫愴ờƏṆ⾬柯凮Ḳ䛟⌠愴˛䰈▕✗媑Ə䕝搜♏㘖䥅倽䙫䉐ờ㘩Ə凮⅝㎌姟䙫䉐ờ⋉⾬Ṇ⾬柯㘖䥅倽䙫Ə␍∮⍚㛪怇ㇷᷴ㼻˛⏍⣽Ọ㍹䁊㖶䂡ὲƏ✏㍹䁊㖶Ḕ䙫㜏⽒䂡岛㖶㈧Ẓ㛰䙫嗄堺䉠㫱Ə俳扬㞫搜⋼楽Ṇ㘖岛㖶㈧䉠㛰Ə✏怀⅐ῲ䉐ờḔƏạ⽉ㇽạ杉惤㘖怇❲嗄堺䙫憴奨栳㜷Ə⅝Ḕ⤁好⯮怀Ẃạ⽉˚ạ杉好䂡䤽ℯ˛⏍ᷧ㖠杉Ə䙥㭌嚮䂡嚮Ḳ敞俨Əḍ婴䂡䙥㭌嚮㘖岛㖶䙫䤽ℯƋ晚⤮䥦Ə1969Ɲ160~161ƌ
˛ᾄ⅝䔏忻⎱ὃ䂡⡺呓Ḳ晑呓⒨Əạ⽉˚ạ杉⍚ὦᷴ㘖䤽术䙫屈⾜ƏṆ⾬䄝㛰⅝⭾㕀ᷱ䙫屈⾜ヶ侐˛

200Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

佄Ʊ䰎妔凡䁊㛰旃⅞屈⋽㮴栳䳫✏㖗䟚♏㘩Ị㗐㜆⍚ⷙ⇡䏥Ə㛧㗐ㆰ㘖Ọ⊼䉐㮴栳䂡Ḣ˛凚㖗䟚♏㘩ỊḔ㜆嵞Əạ⽉㮴栳Ṇ敲⦲⇡䏥Ə䕝㘩㴨ₚ䙫✗⌧
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䙫岛㖶䳢䵘ḔƏἭ✏⋾惏✗⌧Ə∮✏梏㠣˚塊棥ᷱ⇡䏥ṭ孱⋽˛Blihun 㼉㜓恡✧し⥤ἴ✏⋾惏凮劘㝘Ḳ敺Ə䔘晝♏梏㠣ᷱ俳姧Əⱓ㖣㊴⍗䳲䳢䵘Ə凮⋾惏⌨ᷰ堳㕮⋽廪䂡䛟旃ƏἭ✏ạ⽉㮴栳㖠杉Ə⎴俳凮劘㝘✗⌧廪䂡䛟ἣƏ桖䤡怀ᷧ梏㠣⏖僤㘖巏㖶例俳䔘⣽ₚ⅌䙫˛䔘俪⏋岮㖀⎱㕮䍢岮㖀Ὥ䛲Ə䒗⌾㵞✏憸ⱓ♏㘩Ịㇽ㛛㗐⏖僤ⷙ⽉ㇷ
壮曃䙫ṹ⊼ὃ䔏檻䳢Ə⅝Ḕ晋ṭ⯍暂䉐⒨䙫ẋ㏂⣽Ə⏍⣽Ṇ⋬␒ヶ嬿˚䟌嬿䙫ṹ⊼Ə⅝Ḕạ⽉㮴栳䬰㮻廪⏖僤䙫㹷栔⏖僤恫㘖✏䳬㲚㴨⟆ㇽ䒗㝘ẓ䁊ᷧ⸝Ə俳㉕㻻怀ῲₚ恅妹剙䙫⏖僤Ⱈ㘖㕮䍢Ḕ㈧嫩䙫˥堢岯˦˛

201

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1974ˡ⋾惏⹚➻㖶䙫㜏⽒ˢ˛ˣ⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟⏋ạ桅⭟⇱ˤ35/36Ɲ
83-94˛⭲㕮喗
1980ˡ䔘俪⏋⭟䛲凡䁊ˢ˛⇱㖣ˣḔ⛲䙫凡䁊ˤ˛柨 93-220˛凡⋾ƝḔ⤕㕮䉐ᾂㆰ䤥˛㜵❋῕2003 ˡ敞ℰ恡✧䙫晝峑⌱庒ạ⁝ˢ˛ˣ䙣䏥ă⏙∴椏曢⬷⠘Ɲ䬓 5 㜆ˤ˛
202

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉

2015 ˣ凡㝘上凱榀嘔恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿⠘␱ IIIƝ㕮⋽ⱋ䙫晝峑㨀㜓ˤ˛凡㝘上㔦⺃⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴⍁䉐椏⟞堳˛㜵❋῕˚吰併䎴
2017 ˣ⤘吤䙫㕮㗵Ɲ⾅凱榀嘔俪⏋恡✧䛲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽䙣ⰼ庳巈ˤ˛凡㝘ⷩƝ凡㝘上㔦⺃ƞ凡ḔⷩƝ㕮⋽惏㕮⋽岮䔉Ⱗ˛㜵Ⲑ1995ˡ⻊㝘朹扬㘩Ị㗐㜆恡⬿嫟┶栳㷡㝷ă⾅䏇㵞㣇ᷲ䒗⇡✆䟚䮫媮嵞ˢ˛⇱㖣ˣ㝘⌾ẅ俪⏋媽㕮暭ˤ˛㤱㘌㣇˚㜵デ䎙䷏弖Ə柨
87-94˛榀㸖Ɲ榀㸖⤎⭟併堺⍁䉐椏˛

㝾㜄㣏
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ˣ⏗䁊✗⽉Ƌ⏗䁊䛨态⾾䨦Ƒ⍞ᷧƝ✆✗⾾✗䏭䮮ƌˤ˛⏗⋾Ɲ⏗䁊䛨㕮䍢⦻Ⓢ㛪˛

⛲⇭䛛ᷧ
1944

ˡṳⱋ堳㺑⌾ⲟ㲚ㇷ㮜᷿ᷱ̓䙣奲̷̭ͤ✆⁝̼̜̓̾ˢ˛ˣ㯸ι凡䁊ˤ 4(1)Ɲ18-19˛怊䅎併˚⭲㕮喗
1986

ˣ⌸⌾恡✧䙣㍿岮㖀㕛䏭⠘␱䬓ᷰ⍞Ɲ恡✧⟭䨴ⱋ㬈⎱㕮⋽ⱋ⇡✆恡䉐Ḳ⇭㝷䟻䩝ˤ˛㕀備惏⦻姾姯䕒Ə⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟ạ桅⭟
䳢⟞堳˛

惔䴇䦲
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ˡᷰ⑳㕮⋽嚮䳲䙫嵞㹷㎉姵Ɲ㘖䙥嵱Ṇ㘖⌾ⳝ媅㖶ˢ˛˥凱䤥俪⏋⭟凮㖶例㺖㹷⭟堺䟻姵㛪˦⮊孧媽㕮ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧
䟻䩝㈧Ə11 㛯 13-14 㗌˛

2014ˡ凡䁊⋾惏⛺ⱘ㕮⋽䙫ⅎ㶜㎉姵ˢ˛ˣ⌾ⳝ䟻䩝⭟⠘ˤ 5(2)Ɲ
69-152˛晚⤮䥦1961

ˣ⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟俪⏋ạ桅⭟⯯⇱䬓ṳ䨕Ɲ凡䁊㍹䁊侊嫟㖶㜏⽒㨀㜓⛽拫ˤ˛凡⋾Ɲ⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟㕮⭟晉俪⏋ạ桅⭟䳢˛

湦憵⿇暫吾Ə㤱⌾惈˚㜵ὃ⩞孖娢
2016ˣ㝘⌾ẅ䴗ẅ㯸㖶⭟ℯ⏙⭟䟻䩝(ᷲ⍞)ˤ˛㖗⋾ⷩƝ⎆ἶ㯸㖶⦻
Ⓢ㛪˛

203

㏔晤俪⏋晱˚㏔晤ⷩ㕮⋽Ⱗ
2003 ˣ㏔晤䙫恇⏋凮㕮㗵Ɲ㥼㱆ℯ䧍⅐㼉俪⏋⛽孃ˤ˛榀㸖Ṅ潴Ɲ⅓
K⇡䈯㛰昷⅓⏟˛㤱␂⯍1961ˡ凡⋾上⅒憳惰⌨ᷰ堳⎱⤎✳✸⅐⏙∴恡✧媦㟌⠘␱ˢ˛ˣ⛲䪲凡䁊⤎⭟俪⏋ạ桅⭟⇱ˤ 17/18Ɲ45-70˛吰併䎴2001 ˣ⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏⯯⇱ 6Ɲ劘⳾ⱘ㕮⋽Ḳ䟻䩝ˤ˛凡㝘Ɲ⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏˛
婠䴇⨆
1998

ˣ㖶例˚㭞⏙凮✗⟆ă♝䑑嘔ạ䙫㭞⏙孱恞Ƌ⾅⏙∴∗ 1900
⹛ƌˤ˛⛲䪲凡䁊⸒䮫⤎⭟㭞⏙䟻䩝㈧⍁⣒媽㕮˛

惹凯取
1996

ˡ媽榀㸖⎱愗徸✗⌧⇡✆搫扬䟚䮫ˢ˛˥Ḕ⛲⌾㖠⎱㝘⌾ẅ✗⌧⏋Ị扬滺⑳朹扬㕮⋽䬓ᷰ㬈⛲暂⭟堺姵媽㛪˦⮊孧媽㕮Ə⻊奦㯸㖶⍁䉐椏Ə11 㛯 8 㗌˛䥶⻡㘰㱆㴨⟆俪⏋媦㟌晱
2010

ˣ䥶⻡㘰㱆㴨⟆俪⏋媦㟌凮䟻䩝ˤ˛⋾ẓƝ䦸⭟⇡䈯䤥˛凎㌖取˚≰䚱㗳ƞ㵩⋋ㅎ˚晚〄◰
2001

ˣ⌨ᷰ堳恡✧㐝㔸凮∄㭌䟻䩝ˤ˛㝦㨲Ɲ⏗⋾上㔦⺃㕮⋽Ⱗ˛凡⋾⸄⛲⤎⭟✆ιƑạ䨕⭟䟻䩝⮋媦㟌ƞ㤱⌾惈孖娢
2011 ˣ凡䁊⎆ἶ㯸㖶䳢䵘㈧ⱓḲ䟻䩝ˤ˛凡⋾Ɲ堳㔦晉⎆ἶ㯸㖶⦻Ⓢ㛪˚⌾⤐㛟Ⱗ㛰昷⅓⏟˛炙䚱㗳2000 ˡ⛺ⱘ㕮⋽灠Ị㪉姵ƐⅣ瀓凡瀵䚭✗⏙∴㕮⋽孱恞ˢ˛⇱㖣ˣ瀵凡䁊惰✆㕮⋽⭟堺䟻姵㛪瀓㕮暭ˤ˛⑏デ㯸Ḣ䷏Ə柨 71-112˛凡瀵Ɲ⛲烉㔦㲢⤎⭟灞⏙⭟䳢˛≰䚱㗳˚悘㰛憸˚㈛䑅㘌˚㜵岅䑐˚⺽㭊暫Ƌ≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2002ƌ
2002 ˣ⮃嘔上ḟⱘ恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿岮㖀㕛䏭姯䕒䬓ṳ晵㮜⠘␱ˤ˛⮃嘔Ɲ⮃嘔上㔦⺃˛204

Blihun 㼉㜓俪⏋恡✧⇡✆ạ杉⎱ạ⽉㮴栳♏䉐⎱⅝ヶ㶜∄㎉≰䚱㗳˚炙炀ᷰ˚捥⛲梏Ƌ≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2012ƌ
2012 ˣ劘火上上⮁恡✧-吓㦕Ƒ⹚烆恡✧ⅎ㶜⎱䮫⛴媦㟌䟻䩝姯䕒ㇷ㞃⠘␱㛟ˤ˛劘哕上㕮⋽Ⱗ⦻姾姯䕒ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛≰䚱㗳˚捥ẍ凯˚栶⻞Ừ˚⑏⬷㏁˚㝾〈䎙˚㝾⺞‰˚⽷㠩䑃˚䅱ộ⍦Ƌ≰䚱㗳䬰Ə2007ƌ
2007ˣẋ态惏⛲怺㖗⻡ⷌ䧲Ⱗ㝘奦⏸⿒怆⅓巖⅒憳㖗⹾䷁⅒憳ṻ傈㮜ⷌ䧲⽘柦姱⠿➻恡✧䶱「俪⏋䙣㍿凮岮㖀㕛䏭⇭㝷姯䕒ˤ˛㖗ẅ⻡娔敲䙣傈Ụ㛰昷⅓⏟⦻姾姯䕒Əẋ态惏⏗䁊⌧⛲怺㖗⻡ⷌ䧲Ⱗ⇡䈯˛≰䚱㗳˚溪ᷧ媇˚娘䍰䎙˚⼜咰䜆˚晚⊔䑃˚䍲您取˚㝾併㙡˚嬄㬊⥩2016 ˣ⏗ 9 ䷁嗮劘⅓巖ⱘ⌧巖㮜㔠╫姯䕒㼉㜓恡✧㐝㔸䙣㍿ⷌὃ姯䕒䴷㠯⠘␱ˤ˛ẋ态惏⅓巖两Ⱗ嗮劘⅓巖㔠╫ⷌ䧲嘼⦻姾姯䕒ƏḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㭞⏙媅姧䟻䩝㈧⟞堳˛

205

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䧪᳇⛲㧟
ᵸ⸠䕂㑅⇔⿍乧
Session III
The Cultural Meaning of Human Figures
Ḣ㋨ạ

䉉搵劭

Moderator

Wang Chang-hua⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏椏敞
Director, National Museum of Prehistory䛒䤴曖⚝ạ桅⭟˚凡䁊⎆ἶ㯸䟻䩝

Areas of Research
Anthropology, Taiwan Indigenous Studies

207

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凡䁊㯸ι凮ῈỗḔ䙫ạ⽉姊㝷

㙕乌⩷Lin Mei-RongḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧䟻䩝Ⓢ
Research Fellow, Institute of
Ethnology, Academia Sinica䛒䤴曖⚝㯸敺ὂ㕀˚㕮⋽ạ桅⭟˚Ḕ⛲妑ⱓ䟻䩝˚凡䁊㯸敺Ὲỗ˚㼉ạ䤥㛪䴫主˚㯸ι⭾㕀凮憒䘩

Areas of Research
Folk buddhism, Cultural anthropology,
China kinship system, Taiwan folk beliefs,
Social organization of Han people,
Folk religion and medicine

209

210

凡䁊㯸ι凮ῈỗḔ䙫ạ⽉姊㝷傸㼡㫏ẕ僅ẟᶮᳫ䕂ᵸ⸠墡㙎㙕乌⩷Ḕ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧䟻䩝Ⓢ㌖堿
㜓㕮㢚䏭凡䁊㼉ạ㯸ι凮ῈỗḔ䙫⏫䨕ạ⽉Əḍ姊㝷⅝ヶ侐˛Ḣ奨⇭ㇷᷰῲ桅∌Ὥ媮媽Əᷧ㘖⅏ạ⽉Ə凡䁊㯸敺ῈỗḔ䙫⏫䨕䥅₶ƏḪ凚⻆㛪Ḕ⇡䏥˥䥅⯮˦˚˥⤎ỀⰑẻ˦ㇽ㘖˥䫌ẻ˦䬰Ə✏怀惏⇭䙫姊㝷ḔƏ⯮䥅㗵凮㈙⁝怊岒嵞ὭƏ⅝⅘态滅惤㘖˥Ⱁ˦Ə惤㘖⁝Ə䄈媽䥅Ⱁ凮㈙⁝惤㘖⏖㒴ὃ⏖㒴⻫䙫Ə怀㨊䙫媑㲼㜑ℴ⯴䥅㗵⤎ᷴ㕓ƏἭ䥅㗵嵞䤧䙫⛇䔘ḔƏ䢡㘖凮䎐✆⁝㛰旃怊Ə斐⌾婘䂡Ἴ䨘䥅䂡˥Ⱁ˦Ə〷⿼䄈㲼⿤好⅝媅㹷⭟ᷱ䙫ヶ㶜˛䬓ṳ桅㘖媮⌱ạ⌱䍟䙫⌱ạ⽉ƏḢ奨⯸㕟㘖䥅₶䙫怇❲Ə恫㛰䌛杉䙫˥䌬欣ẻ˦
Ə怀㘖凡䁊€⬿⍢⹥ḵⷙ䵺䛲ᷴ∗䙫ᷧ䨕℡Ə⟡㜓ᷱ惤㘖䍟栔ạ庒Ə怀㨊䙫⌱ạ⽉Əἣḵ⽗桖ạ桅凑⏋ỌὭ⑳⏫䨕䦤䍟䙫旃ᾩƏỌ⎱ạῸ⯴䉇Ὸ䙫婴䟌˛䬓ᷰ桅∮㘖㓓ạ⽉Əᷧ䨕ἣạ杅ạ˚ἣ欣杅欣䙫嵬凑䄝⬿✏Ə怀㘖ㇸ徸⹛㛰㈧䟻䩝䙫欻䥅ẻƏṆ㘖㼉ạ㕮⋽Ḕ㗐Ⱈ⬿✏䙫ⱘ䲥㰛】Ə㛪⹢⋽ㇷạㇽ⊼䉐Ə㘩暘㘩䏥Ə⯴ạῸ怇ㇷ⹙㓥⍘⮚˛㕮⋽恶弖ᷱ⭪Ὸ⍢㘖䥅㗵⏖Ọ∝Ỷ䙫嵬凑䄝⬿✏˛

211

Human Figures in Folk Cultures and Beliefs
in Taiwan
Lin Mei-Rong
Research Fellow, Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica

Abstract
This article analyzes and interprets human figures in folk culturesand beliefs in Taiwan. They are divided into three types. The first type isfull human figures, such as various statues and puppets in folk beliefs andtemple fairs. These events connect deities with puppets. While it may bedisrespectful to say that puppets (connected to deities) can be operated
and manipulated, the origin of worshipping is indeed related to clay dolls.
It may be necessary to explain why Minnan language refers to deities as“dolls” with etymology. The second type is half-human/half-beast. These
statues, with beast heads and human bodies, are now rare in Taiwan.
These figures seem to highlight long-time relationships between humans
and animals, and our perceptions about them. The third type ispersonified figures. They are supernatural beings beyond humans or
ghosts. I have studied these creatures in recent years. They may also be
spirits in the mountains or rivers. They may transform into humans or
animals visible to people, and wreak havoc. In local cultures, thesesupernatural beings can be overpowered by deities.

212凡䁊㯸ι凮ῈỗḔ䙫ạ⽉姊㝷傸㼡㫏ẕ僅ẟᶮᳫ䕂ᵸ⸠墡㙎㙕乌⩷Ḕ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧䟻䩝Ⓢ

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⏵⮕ƌ
˥㏂潴塴˦
Ə⪤䤽㏂壄㘖⽯䥅倽ᷴ⏖夢㿭䙫ṲガƏ⏑僤⥚『⎢㛦䤩㏂Ə
俳᷻怙堳䙫㘩

奨䔏潴嘵㖾⛴嵞ὭƏỌ昙⁞䪡˛ἭṆ㛰ᷧẂ䥅₶㛪㉱㛴棥䙫䳲㨊䛛㎌暼∢✏䥅₶ᷱƏ怀㨊Ⱈ㱹㛰㛛㏂㖗䙫䥅塊䙫┶栳ṭ˛凡䁊䙫䥅₶〉⤮䙥】Əᷧ刓䙫䥅₶㘖ᷧ檻ㇷ⽉䙫暼∢ƏἭ㘖Ṇ㛰廆庒䙫䥅₶ƏⰘ㘖㈲党㘖⏖Ọ㴢⊼䙫ƏỌ⪤䤽䙫䥅₶Ⱜ⤁ƏἭṆ㛰⅝ẽ䙫䔞䥅㘖廆庒䙫ガ㲨˛⏍⣽㛰ᷧ䨕ガ㲨㘖䥅Ḕ㛰䥅ƏⰘ㘖ᷧῲ䥅₶Ə὇⏖Ọ⾅䤩庒ᷱ䛲∗⏍ᷧῲ⯶䥅₶ƏṆ⏖Ọ㉱⯶䥅₶⎽ᷲὭƏἭ䤩⹚⸟䙫ἴ何Ⱈ㘖✏⤎䥅₶䙫庒ᷱ˛⏍⣽Əᷧ刓䙫䥅₶⑳ạᷧ㨊Ə㛰⅐暢䜣䝂ƏἭṆ㛰⯸㕟䙫䥅㗵㛰⤁䜣䙫ガ㲨Əὲ⥩ṳ悵䥅˚ṻ桖⤎⸄˚取ℰ⤎⸄䬰㛰ᷰ暢䜣˛Ƌ晚ᾱ⭶Ə2018ƌ晋ṭ墒ᾂ⤰✏䥅㮦˚䥅⢮ㇽ㘖䥅潼ᷱ䙫暼∢䥅₶Ḳ⣽ƏṆ㛰ᷧẂ䥅㗵㘖墒䕒✏䴀ᷱƏ䄝⽳⼜岣嵞ὭƏ俳⊇Ọ䥔䤧䙫˛凡䁊㯸䜥⮝壈㙕怴ᾂ⤰˥妧柚⪤偖˦
Ə⅝⯍㘖ᷧ䴫䥅㗵䙫⽐剙䕒₶Əㇽ䨘˥妧柚⽐ẻ˦ƏỌ妧柚䂡Ḣ⯱Ə墒䕒✏㛧檿ἴƏḔ敺ᷧⱋ㘖旃⅓˚⪤䤽Əᷲ杉ᷧⱋ㘖䥶⾞㭊䥅凮䁝␂˛Ọ∴䔏⤎䁝䆹㟛䁒䙫⹛ỊƏ䁝∴Ṇ㛪岣㛰䁝␂䙫䕒₶䥔䤧˛Ṇ㛰䴀䴕䙫䥅㗵Ə孓⥩✏㙕㸈䙫⠛⏯Ḕ㮻廪㛪奲∗䙫Ọᷱ怀Ẃ惤ⱓ权ㄲ䙫䥅₶ㇽ㘖䥅㗵䙫䕒₶˛ἭṆ㛰墒壤ὃㇷ˥䥅⯮˦˚˥⤎ỀⰑẻ˦ㇽ㘖˥䫌ẻ˦䙫䥅㗵Ə⅝⯍㘖䔏㜏㞝⬷ㇽ㘖䫠㞝⬷㐔ㇷƏ⣽塏壄棥䥅㗵䙫㛴棥⑳塊ↇƏ䄝⽳䔘ạ✏壈杉㉂吾堳嵗㓡⊼Ə✏⻆㛪Ḕㇷ䂡⊐敞䥅⧨䙫晱Ỵ˛䥅⯮⸟奲㖣⋾惏䙫⻆㛪Ə⽧㗻䥅⯮⤎⤁⑳⋾䮈⬷⼆⛿䛟怊䴷Ə⋾䮈䙫庹䤥䏭㛪㛰䥅⯮Əᷧ刓Ⱈ㘖ᷪ䈡˚⅒䈡ㇽK⸌Ḳ桅Ə⻆㛪㘩䥅⯮⇡ὭƏ嵗✏⋾䮈晱ỴḲ∴Ə⽉⏳⻆㛪Ḣ
奨⤎䥅䙫孞⯮˛˥⤎ỀⰑẻ˦⅝⯍Ⱈ㘖䥅⯮䙫∌䨘Əヶ〄Ⱈ㘖⤎⯱䙫䥅⁝Əᷴ€⋾䮈庹䤥Ə㛰Ẃ⻆⭮Ṇ㛪ᾂ⤰Ə䄝⽳✏⻆㛪⇡Ὥ塏㻻˛˥䫌ẻ˦⅝⯍Ⱈ㘖⯶噆䙫䥅⁝Ə态⸟Ⱈ㘖㉕㻻⤑⬷䈡˚✆✗⅓˚✆✗⨭Ḳ桅㮻廪㴢㼸ㇽㄯ䥌䙫䥅㗵˛ᷧ刓俳姧Ə⤎䥅㘖ᷴ⏖僤㉕ㇷ怀㨊✏⻆㛪䙫晱ỴḔ堳嵗ƏἭ䥅㗵䙫䥅⯮ㇽ暏⾅ƏⰘ㛪Ọ怀䨕⽉⻶⇡䏥Əὲ⥩徵➵晴㘩Əᷪ䈡˚⅒䈡㛪⇡ὭƏ⪤䤽䙫⻆㛪ḔƏ〉憳䜣˚柭梏倚㛪⇡Ὥ˛˥䥅⯮˦˚˥⤎ỀⰑẻ˦ㇽ㘖˥䫌ẻ˦惤⏖Ọ媑㘖堳嵗䙫䥅㗵Ə凚㖣✏⻆㛪ḔṆ㛪䛲∗䙫⭿⯮楽ㇽ㘖⮝⯮Ḳ桅Ə䔁凚⭲㱆晊Ə䔘㖣㘖䜆ạ˥㈺杉˦
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Ə䕒ᷱ冰孃Əㇽ㘖⻆㛪ḔṆ㛪䛲∗Ṑ䫌Ə䩦ᷱ䥅㗵䙫塊㛴ƏỊ塏㞷ῲ䥅㗵Əㇽ㘖㬳ẻ㈙ㇽⷪ塲㈙䙫㉕Ề㈙Ḕ䔘䜆ạ㉕㻻䙫⤐ᷱ䜥ỀƏ䕉䫆惤㘖䜆ạƏᷴ㘖ạ⽉Ƌạ䙫㨊⬷ƌ˛✏㭋Ⱈᷴ⊇Ọ姵媽˛凡䁊㛰⏫䨕⏫㨊䙫⁝㈙Əⷪ塲㈙䏥✏恫⏖Ọ䛲∗Əⷪ塲㈙⁝䨘ὃ˥ⷪ
塲㈙Ⱁẻ˦Ə巚捥Ⱆ㘖ᷧ䨕㇟䵙⁧℈㈙Ə⁧℈㈙㈙⁝䨘ὃ˥⁧℈Ⱁẻ˦Ə⁧℈㘖‫‮‬䙫ạḲヶƏ䚕⽘㈙ㇽ䨘䚕䌛㈙Ə㘖✏㒴⻫㈙⁝ḔƏ孺㈙⁝䙫⽘⬷␯䏥✏妧䜥杉∴Ə㈧Ọ⅝⯍㘖⯴䚕ὃ䙫㈙⁝䙫⎴⏸㒴ὃ˛Ἥ㘖⁧℈㈙凮䚕⽘
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凮㜓䮧㈧媮䙫⌱ạ⌱䍟䙫⌱ạ⽉䄈旃ṭ˛⊁Ʊ᷺ᵸ昜ᵸ䕂㎪ᵸ⸠凡䁊䙫㯸ι凮ῈỗḔƏ㛰ᷧ䨕ạῸḍᷴⳮ⤰Ə⎴Ό㘖䔶㇣䙫ᷧ䨕嵬凑䄝⬿✏Ə䨘ὃ˥欻䥅ẻ˦Əⱓ㖣㜓㕮㈧媑䙫䬓ᷰ桅䙫㓓ạ⽉Əᷧ䨕ἣạ杅ạ˚ἣ欣杅欣䙫嵬凑䄝⬿✏Ə⅝㜓峑㘖㼉ạ㕮⋽Ḕ㗐Ⱈ⬿✏䙫ⱘ䲥㰛】Ə㛪⹢⋽ㇷạㇽ⊼䉐Ə㘩暘㘩䏥Ə⯴ạῸ怇ㇷ⹙㓥⍘⮚˛㕮⋽恶弖ᷱ⭪Ὸ⍢㘖䥅㗵⏖Ọ∝Ỷ䙫嵬凑䄝⬿✏˛欻䥅ẻ✏凡䁊ạ䙫ₚ媑㔬ṲḔƏ㘖䟕䟕⯶⯶䙫⽉屈Ə敞⽾₶⯶⭐⬷Ə㛰㘩Ṇ墒媑㛰俨⨭䙫冰Ə䅎䏭⭪㘖ạῸペ₶Ḕᷧ䨕217ᷴ⥤䙫㝘奦ƏṆ㘖䥨⾳䙫婘栳ƏἭ⍢㛪㛰ạ妑奲ƏạῸ媑恇恇䛲⎢Ə⥤₶溸溸䙫˛欻䥅ẻ㛪⹢⋽Ə㛰㘩孱ㇷạƏ㛰㘩孱ㇷ⊼䉐Ὥ䞮樀὇˚㌰⻫὇˛
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⥤₶░⤘ヶ嬿Ə巆吾⭪嵗䙫ガ㲨Ə䔞⥚俨⹣惤㛰˛欻䥅ẻ䙫ₚ媑㔬ṲṆ杅⸟㙕怴Ə㗌㲢㘩㜆∗㈗⽳∄㜆凡䁊䙫㖗偅⩹檻曃婳Ə㛰⽯⤁⠘⯵ƏḲ⽳䔘
㖣凡䁊䙫䵺㿆嵞棂Ə䦸⭟䏭『㕀備䙫哓⊪䙣ⰼƏ怀㨊䙫ₚ偅⑳⠘⯵Ⱈ忷㼟㵯⤘ṭƏ䛛∗ 1999 ⹛凡䁊䵺㭞Ṅṳᷧ⤎✗曮Ḳ⽳Ə⅏䏪䙫⤐䁤恤⢅Ə凡䁊Ṇ✏ṳ⌨᷽ᷧ䳧䬓ᷧῲ⌨⹛䙫㜒ⰥƏ䩨䄝㛰妧㑐䥅ẻ䙫㖗偅⠘⯵凮㎉姵Ə⥤₶ᷧ傈梏㽕ᷧ㨊凯嵞ṭ˛㋀吾ˣ欻䥅ẻ䙫ạ桅⭟ペ₶ˤᷧ㛟Əㇷ㛟㖣 2014⹛Ə䟻䩝∮㘖✏ 2008 ⹛敲⦲䙫˛✏㼉ạ䙫᷽䔳妧壈Ə嵬凑䄝᷽䔳Ḣ奨㘖ạῸⳮ䤧䙫⤐✗䥅欣䤽ℯ䬰Ə⤐✗㘖⤐凮✗ƏṆ㘖㛛⻊㳂䙫⤐䥅⑳✗䤮Ə䥅欣Ṇ㘖晗晤⅐怇䙫㥩⿜Ə䥅
㗵⑳晗欣Ə䥅㗵㘖㛪ῄἸạῸ䙫Ə晗欣㘖㛪⍘⮚ạῸ䙫ƏἭ㘖㛪⍘⮚ạῸ䙫⬿✏ᷴ㘖⏑㛰晗悑Ḳ欣Ə⅝⯍恫㛰䅅⑳䲥】Ə䛟廪嵞ὭƏạῸ䞔姊䙫䧲⺍‶ἵƏ⛇䂡⯴㖣嘼✏晗敺䙫暭檻欣欩ƏạῸỌ⥤Å⼆䛟䨘Ə㛪⯴Ḳ⊇Ọ䥔䤧˛欣㔬ṲạῸṆ偤⽾⤁ṭƏ䟌怺㘖⿵溣⛅Ṳ˛⯴㖣䅅⑳䲥】怀㨊䙫˥㭠䉐ẻ˦Ƌᷴ⥤䙫㝘奦ƌƏạῸ⯴Ḳ㱹㛰䥔䤧䙫堳䂡ƏṆⰘᷴ䔁ṭ䄝˛䅅凮䲥】䛟廪俳姧ƏạῸ䙫堳䂡Ḕ㛰娘⤁昙䅅䙫凰㎑Ə孓⥩░Ṳ㈧⻼䙣䙫░䅅Əㇽ㘖▃Ṳ㈧⻼䙣䙫▃䅅Əㇽ㘖墒䅅∗㘩⥩Ἴ㔝橁˚䥔姊ㇽ∝䅅䬰Ə惤㛪㛰䛟旃䙫⃧⻶⯯⮝怙堳䛟㘇䙫⃧⻶㖤䂡˛㈧ỌạῸ⯴䅅恫䭾㘖㮻廪㛰㥩⿜䙫Ə暽䄝㛰㘩Ṇᷴ䢡䟌悊㘖ầ溣˛ạῸ䢗∗欻䥅ẻ䙫㩆䍮ἣḵ㱹㛰₶墒䅅∗䙫㩆䍮悊溣檿Əᷧ刓⽉⮠墒欻䥅ẻ忞ジ䙫ガ㲨态⸟㘖㆏㆏䥅䥅˚嵗巖嵗⽯⿒˚⤘幋ㇽ儒晱Ə㉥∗㘩态⸟䥅⾾ᷴ㷬Ə☛壈⡅㻦⏫䨕嚖噺˚匰垆ẻ党˚朹囀兦˚䉂ⰵ˚䨢匰䬰Ə⏖㘖䕝Ṳạ惤㛪媑㛰ạ䵍ẽ⏪ṭ⥤⏪䙫溜㢄˚曅兦˚嚲䲼䬰˛凡䁊ạ㈧嫩䙫欻䥅ẻƏ㘖ⱘ䲥㰛】ḲⱓƏ⑳㕮䍢壈㈧媑䙫ⱘ惤˚㜏⮉˚ⱘ欯˚ⱘ欣䬰Ə惤㘖⏳㨊䙫⬿✏Ə凑⏋凚ằ㼉ạ⯴⭪Ὸ䙫婴䟌⥩⇡ᷧ弴Ə⤎⏳⯶䕗Əᷧ僯䛟㉦˛怀⅝⯍‶⏸ⱘ䲥䙫惏⇭Ə恫㛰㰛】䙫惏⇭Ə孓⥩凡䁊欻䥅ẻ䙫㔬ṲḔƏṆ⇡䏥怵ạῸ㉺∗欻䥅ẻƏペ㉱⭪⻫㭢Əℯ㛓⤑晤Ə⎯⿼⭪䢗∗㰛⎯㴢怵ὭƏᾦ䔏䁒㉱⭪䆹㭢˛⅝⯍⽯⤁䥅㗵䙫术樾Ṳ幆䕝ḔƏ惤桖䤡䥅㗵㛰㔝Ỷ䲥】䙫僤⊂Ə墒㔝Ỷ䙫䲥】⸟⸟Ⱈㇷ䂡䥅㗵䙫暏⾅ㇽ㘖
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奨㛰僤⊂∝Ỷ䂡ạῸ⸝Ὥ⍘⮚凮ᷴ⹟䙫㝘奦˛佄Ʊ䰎妔濣…ᵸ⸠Ʊ∈ᵸ⸠僅㎪ᵸ⸠䕂⿍乧悊溣欻䥅ẻ䙫㓓ạ『Ə∗⹼⥩Ἴ姊憲Ə杅⽾怀㨊ἣạ杅ạ˚ἣ欣杅欣ᷴ⏖▵ƢㇸῸ⥩㞃▕⾅㓓ạ⽉㜓庒⎢ペƏ⏖僤⽯曊ペ⽾㗵䙤Ə勌㘖⾅㜓㕮∴杉㎷∗䙫⅏ạ⽉⑳⌱ạ⽉Ə⑳嵞Ὥᷧ嵞⯲㰩姊䬻⏖僤⮠㗺Ẃ˛ạ⽉ᷴ㘖ạƏ㘖ạ䙫㨊⬷Ə⅏ạ⽉䙫䥅₶˚䥅⯮㛧⅞䥅倽ヶ侐ƏạῸ✏㌶✆⁝Ə暼∢ạ₶䙫怵䧲ḔƏ喰吾㞷䨕⛇䔘Ə怀Ẃῲ˥Ⱁẻ˦墒⇭∌䂡倽Ƌspecified tobe sacredƌ
Ə⌱ạ⽉䙫⌱ạ⌱䍟䥅₶ẍ⅞䥅倽ヶ侐Ə⏑㘖ạῸ✏㼒敞䙫㻻⋽怵䧲Ḕ凮⅝ẽ䍟桅⇭怺㏁摊Əㇷ䂡吓䉐Ḳ术Ə恫䕀⬿吾怀Ẃ䍟桅䙫姿㆝ㇽ㘖凮䍟桅䂡Ỵ䙫姿㆝˛䔏ὂ㲼䙫㥩⿜㛧⮠㗺䏭姊Ə㈧嫩Ɲ˥ạ庒曊⽾Əὂ㲼曊偅˦Ə⯴ὂ㕀⽹俳姧Ə⏑㛰῕⽾ạ庒㈴僤⥤⥤偤偅ὂ㲼˚喗侹ὂ㲼Ə㈧Ọ
ạ庒㛰⭪䙫䎴岛『⑳䥅倽『Ə㈧Ọạ⽉暽䄝ᷴ㘖ạƏἭ⭪㛰⭳⅏䙫ạ䙫㨊⬷Ə⌱ạ⽉⏑㛰ᷧ⌱䙫ạ䙫㨊⬷Ə㓓ạ⽉⍢㘖㛰㘩₶ạƏ㛰㘩⎯ᷴ₶ạ˛Ọ∴ㇸ✏凡䁊䙫㯸ιῈỗ䙫婕憲ḔƏ⽯憴好⅐侐『Ƌambiguityƌ䙫㍳㏈Ə⏳ᷧ䉐Ṳ⏳㘩⅞㛰㭊⎴⅐杉䙫ヶ㶜Əὲ⥩✆✗⅓⎯㘖䥶⾞㭊䥅Ə⎯㘖䛲⭯⢚⡺䙫晗䥅Ə妧柚ὂ䤽⎯㘖偅偙㔸勍˚ㄯ刑㙕㸈䙫妧柚叐喐Ə⎯㘖欣䛕䌀䍗䙫妧柚⤎⣒Ƌ⤎⣒䈡ƌƏ惤㘖ℬ㻦⅐侐『䙫㠯ὲ˛Ἥ㘖㓓ạ⽉䙫欻䥅ẻἣḵᷴ⤑僤䔏⅐侐『Ὥ婕憲Ə媑⭪㘖巏䔳䙫ㇽ㘖㘩䩡巏嵱䙫ᷧ䨕嵬凑䄝⬿✏Əㇽ娘㮻廪䢡䕝Ə⛇䂡⭪䙫ₚ媑㔬Ṳ⽯⮠㗺孺ạῸ䞔姊∗ạῸ䔆㴢䙫䩡敺ḔƏ⏍ᷧ䶔㬈䙫䩡敺䙫⬿✏Əὲ⥩ạῸ✏⯲㉥⤘幋䙫俨⩍䙫㘩Ə㛪偤ᷴ∗⥠䙫㰩㔸偙Ə凑䄝Ṇ䛲ᷴ∗⥠営庒䙫㈧✏ƏἭ䕝Ṳạ⍢媑惤㛰䛲∗
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㐃㔸ạⓈƏỢㅸ╱⏒Ə⍢墒好勌䄈䝠˛䲥】䕝ḔƏ㛰ᷧ桅㘖⊼䉐䲥】ƏἭ欻䥅ẻḢ奨㘖㼉ạ䈯䙫䟕ạₚ媑Ə㮻⊼䉐䲥】㛛嶏徸ạƏἭ欻䥅ẻ䴼杅⊼䉐䲥】ḲⱓƏ⛇䂡ₚ媑㔬Ṳ⽯ᷴᷧ㨊˛欻䥅ẻ㛰ᷧ滅₶ὂ㕀㈧媑䙫昦῕佬Ə㛰㘩墒好䂡╫Ə㛰㘩墒好䂡トƏ㘖ᷧ䨕 in-between 䙫⬿✏Ə䏥ằ✏ὂ㕀㈧嫩䙫⅔怺䕝ḔƏ⤐˚ạ˚昦῕佬墒㭟䂡ᷰ╫怺ƏἭ昦῕佬Ṇ㛥墒㭟䂡ト怺ƏἭ㮻廪嵞ὭƏ䩝䫆㜑⽾ạ庒䙫檻『Ə⏸ᷱ㏁⌮䙫巖忻㛛䂡恀恇˛㈧ỌㇸῸṆ⏖Ọ㉱欻䥅ẻペὃ㘖㜑⽾ạ庒䙫昦῕佬˛220凡䁊㯸ι凮ῈỗḔ䙫ạ⽉姊㝷

⊁仁㑅䈹
㜵⻡䷖
2021 ˡ⏗䁊廆庒⪤䤽䥅₶䙫壤ὃ凮ⰼ㻻----Ọ刲刡╆⤐⮕䙤㲀ⱖ㋘⤐⮕䂡ὲˢƏˣ⏗䁊㕮䍢ˤ 72(4)Ɲ188-243˛
㝾併⮠
1997

ˣ檿暫上㯸敺Ὲỗˤ˛泚ⱘƝ檿暫上㔦⺃˛

2017ˣ⏗䁊欣ẻ⏋ˤ˛凡⋾Ɲ㛯䅱⇡䈯䤥˛㝾併⮠˚ᷰⰥ墼⬷˚≰㙡屑2017 ˡ⾅䔗Ḕ䶘⸟∗䔗Ḕ⯮庴䙫ạ䥅团孱----䄈旃㖶例䙫㯸䜥⏙⭟ˢƏˣ⏗䁊㕮䍢ˤ 68(4)Ɲ121-151˛㝾併⮠˚㜵⮝ㄞ2014ˣ欻䥅ẻ䙫ạ桅⭟ペ₶ˤ˛凡⋾Ɲṻ⌾˛晚ὐ戡
2021 ˣ昦῕佬䙫䥅婘⽉屈㎶乑˚巏㕮⋽㮻廪凮䕝Ịヶ侐ˤ˛ㄯ㿆⤎⭟⭾㕀凮ạ㕮䟻䩝㈧䢐⣒媽㕮˛晚ᾱ⭶2018 ˣ㯸敺ῈỗḔ⤁䜣䥅㗵Ḳ∄㎉ˤ
˛凡⋾ῄ⭰⮕ῄ䔆㯸敺⭾㕀⭟晉凡䁊㯸ι⭾㕀㜆㜒⠘␱Ƌ㜑⇡䈯ƌ˛2020 ˣ⊼䉐ạ庒Ḳ䥅㗵✏㯸敺Ὲỗ䙫␯䏥ˤ˛凡⋾ῄ⭰⮕ῄ䔆㯸敺⭾㕀⭟晉⋾凡䁊⭾㕀凮㯸ι㜆㜒⠘␱Ƌ㜑⇡䈯ƌ˛

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佱妹Ềạ˚ạ❲⛽㠯凮晝壤ạ⁝嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶䙫˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦⎱⅝婕憲

㠈㏽宠
Yang Cheng-hsien⛲䪲㝘取⤎⭟㯸㖶Ṳ⋀凮䙣ⰼ⭟䳢㕀㍯
Professor, Department of Indigenous
Affairs and Development, National
Dong Hwa University䛒䤴曖⚝㖶例旃ᾩ˚嘔ⶣ䟻䩝˚⎆ἶ㯸㖶䟻䩝˚䵺㿆ạ桅⭟˚惏吤䵺㿆凮㯸㖶䔉㥔˚⍁䉐椏⭟Areas of Research
Ethnic Relations, Lanyu Studies,
Indigenous Peoples Studies,
Economic Anthropology,
Tribal Economics and Ethnic Industries,
Museology

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佱妹Ềạ˚ạ❲⛽㠯凮晝壤ạ⁝嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶䙫˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦⎱⅝婕憲么墐ᶗᵸƱᵸ♉◔㜆僅攴垻ᵸἴ  哫ⱺ弒⽝㒍䕂Ƽᵸ⸠㑅⇔ƽ⊈‴夬悉
㠈㏽宠⛲䪲㝘取⤎⭟㯸㖶Ṳ⋀凮䙣ⰼ⭟䳢㕀㍯㌖堿
徸⹛ὭƏ䉐峑㕮⋽䟻䩝忷㼟ㇷ䂡ạ桅⭟䙫憴奨⇭㔖Ə䉐峑䏥屈Ṇ墒好䂡㘖⎴㘇ạ桅㕮⋽䉠『䙫憴奨杉⏸˛孁㗳⛲Ƌ2008Ɲ11ƌ㋮⇡Ɲ˥䉐峑㕮⋽㘖ᷧῲ㯸㖶∐䔏凑䄝䒗⡪⑳岮㹷䙫⅞檻ㇷ㞃ƏṆ㘖ᷧῲ㯸㖶䤥㛪䴫主凮㕮⋽䏭⿜䙫⮉檻⋽⯍䏥˦ƞAlfred GellƋ1998ƌḢ⼜喰䔘嗄堺⒨/㕮䉐䙫䟻䩝Ə⏖Ọ⯴ạ暂䤥㛪旃ᾩ䙫僯䵈⸝Ὥ⏍ᷧ䨕⏖僤䙫䏭姊好憵˛Gell Ḣ⼜ᷴㆰ⯮嗄堺⒨䕝ὃᷧ䨕˥䳻˦嗄堺⒨Ὥ䛲⽬ƏᷴㆰỌₚ䵘奦㖠併⭟⃠‣Ὥ娼⃠杅奦㖠䤥㛪䙫嗄堺塏䏥⎱⅝㕮⋽ヶ㶜˛嗄堺ạ桅⭟ㆰ㘖ᷧ䨕㴢✏䕝ᷲƋliving-inƌ䙫䟌嬿䮫䕮Ə嗄堺ạ桅⭟ᷴ㘖⎢㉥⇡⅝⑤栳⻶䙫∝⻶䬻㠯ƞ⎴ḲƏ俳㘖奨⎢䙣䏥⅝暘暘䳫䳫䙫㕮⋽㮴栳˛㜓㕮㓓⾅嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶佱妹Ềạ˚ạ❲⛽㠯凮晝壤ạ⁝䬰ᷰ䨕˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦䙫⮺Ⱜ廰檻凮㕮⋽ⅎ㶜⇮⅌Ə⇭∌㎉䩝䥅婘ₚ媑䙫ạ䥅ヶ嬿˚怇分併⭟䙫㓓ạ〄䶔凮妑㄂⯶⭐䙫ⷌ嗄檻䏥Əḍ懄⯴总ゆ㖶ạ憴好妑⬷旃ᾩƏ⼞媦敞⹣‒䏭Ə凮䛲憴⬷◊ₚ㉦䤥㛪岓Ợ䙫桖吾㖶例『Ə怙堳⤁憴䙫䏭姊媽志凮㕮⋽婕憲Ə㜆僤孺⮺Ⱜ✏ᷴ⏳㕮⋽廰檻䙫总ゆ㖶˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦⛽₶Ə⽾Ọ㷬㙗㵕䏥Ə㛛凢⭳╫˛

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Goat Horn Celestial, Human Patterns andCeramic Dolls Cultural Interpretations of Human Figure
Culture in Tao People
Yang Cheng-hsien
Professor, Department of Indigenous Affairs and Development,
National Dong Hwa University

Abstract
In recent years, material culture studies have become a key branch
in anthropology. Materials are a key aspect to reflect on culturalproperties. Chang-Kuo Tan says that “material culture is a substantial
result when people utilize natural environment and resources. It’s also an
objective realization of social organization and cultural concepts”. Alfred
Gell argues that by studying artworks/relics, it may offer anotherperspective on interpersonal and social relationships. Gell suggests not totake artworks as “pure” artworks, and not to evaluate non-Western artistic
expressions and cultural significance based on traditional Western
aesthetic values. Anthropology of art should be knowledge of “living-in”.
Instead of looking for standard or conventional answers, it should unveil
cultural motifs.
The article approaches three kinds of “human figure culture” in Tao
people: Goat horn celestials, human patterns, and ceramic dolls. It
explores human-deity awareness in myths and legends, personified
mindsets in boat-making aesthetics, and craft embodiment of affection tochildren. Tao people value familial relationships, emphasize on
generational ethics, and prioritize succession and social responsibilities.
Through multiple discourses and cultural interpretations, “human figure
culture” in Tao people, residing in various cultural vehicles, will be clearer.

226佱妹Ềạ˚ạ❲⛽㠯凮晝壤ạ⁝嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶䙫˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦⎱⅝婕憲么墐ᶗᵸƱᵸ♉◔㜆僅攴垻ᵸἴ  哫ⱺ弒⽝㒍䕂Ƽᵸ⸠㑅⇔ƽ⊈‴夬悉
㠈㏽宠⛲䪲㝘取⤎⭟㯸㖶Ṳ⋀凮䙣ⰼ⭟䳢㕀㍯➷Ʊℋ墾
嘔ⶣ⺎吤㖣凡䁊㝘⌾㖠⣽㵞䙫奦⤑⹚㳲Ə⌾㖠愗徸叙⽲岺⋾㖠䙫ⷛḠ例ⳝƏⳝᷱ䙫总ゆ㖶 1敞⹛Ⱜἶ✏ᷧῲ⛂杉䒗㵞䙫䒗⡪Ə㘖ᷧῲ⅟❲䙫㵞㳲䔆ㄲ䤥㛪˛溸㽕ƋKuroshioƌ㮶⹛䙭⛡⮁㴨䵺嘔ⶣ昫徸㵞⟆Ə⸝Ὥ嫟⥩棂歁凮欣栔⇧䬰䂡㕟⏖妧䙫忛㸟『歁桅䬰㵞㳲岮㹷Ə总ゆ㖶ᷧ㕛⹛䙫ὃざ凮棂歁㰵㜆㛰吾⮭⇮䙫旃ᾩƏ㖶ạ好棂歁䂡⤐䥅ぐ峃Ə㮶⹛⮁㘩凑⤐ᷱḲ㵞㸟凚✗ᷱḲ㵞ƏὭ∗嘔ⶣ䙫昫徸ƞ⛇俳ᾄ䅎凑䄝䙫奶⽲Ə嬠⭯吾溸㽕⸝Ὥ䙫姱ざƏ愴⏯棂歁䙫⭊䮧Ə䙣ⰼ⇡怀ᷧ⤾Ọ棂歁㕮⋽䂡Ḣ廟䙫㭙㘩㚭㲼Ə⯮ᷧ⹛⇭䂡 teteka (棂歁䴩ṭ㜆)˚amian (↓)⑳ rayun (棂歁㱂㜆)䬰ᷰῲ⭊䮧Ə⅘⌨ṳῲ㛯ỤƋ⎪奲⣶㛣Ƒ喴㳉⭰Ə2003Ɲ33-62ƌ˛敞㜆ỌὭƏ总ゆ㖶ạ䂡ṭ⛇ㆰ㵞㳲ⳝⶣ䔆ㄲƏ䙣ⰼ⇡䍏㨠ᷧ㠣䙫✏✗㕮⋽㨈⻶Ə怀Ẃ凮䒗⡪䛟ṹᾄ⬿䙫✗㖠䟌嬿凮㕮⋽檻䳢Ə嫟⥩㵞㳲⤃㚭˚㋂歁䥔⃧˚棂歁㕮⋽˚㰛䔗㰛㸇˚⮝ⰲ⻡䮰˚怇删ⷌ嗄˚壤晝㉧堺˚㖗ⰲ⎱㖗删吤ㇷ䦕˚妑⾅⬷⏴⑤⏴∝⺍˚䥨⾳㕮⋽˚䦕䉐ẋ㏂䤥㛪䬰䬰Ə䙭㘖嘔ⶣ䛟䕝憴奨䙫㕮⋽恡䔉Əℬ⇭⎴㘇总ゆ㖶ạ䉠㛰䙫㵞㳲ⳝⶣ䔆ㄲ㙡ㅎ凮㕮⋽㩆∝˛ₚ䵘ᷱƏ嘔ⶣ Tao 㖶ạ䨘④凑ⷘ㈧✏䙫ⳝⶣ䂡 Pongso no taoƏヶ䂡˥ạḲⳝ˦ƞ䨘④凑ⷘ䂡 Tao˚Tao do PongsoƏヶ㋮˥ạ˦˚˥ⳝᷱ䙫ạ˦˛㭋⣽Ə∮⏍㛰嫟⥩ TeiralaƋ⣶㛣Ƒ岯ⷛ⺍Ə1997Ɲ44ƌ˚IralaƋBenedek 1991Ɲ
13ƞ晚䍰併Ə2001Ɲ60ƌㇽ IraraƋ僈㭊〭Ə2008Ɲ200ƞ侨䑃㔶Ə1998Ɲ

1嘔ⶣ䙫⎆ἶ㯸䛕∴⭿㖠⏴䨘䂡˥暬併㖶˦ƏἭⳝ㯸凑䨘䂡 Tao(总ゆ)˚Tao do pongsoƏヶ⍚˥ạ˦
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ᷱ䙫ạ˦
ƞ䨘嘔ⶣ䂡 Pongso no taoƏẍ⍚˥ạḲⳝ˦Ḳヶ˛㜓㕮⯴嘔ⶣⳝ㯸䙫䨘④⯮㎈䕝✗㖶ạ˥总ゆ˦㭋ᷧ⏊媅媑㲼Ə俳㕮Ḕ㈧⻼惏⇭㕮䍢䂡ṭ⿇㖣⎆吾Ə∮⯮㲦䔏˥暬併˦䙫⏴䨘Ə⛇㭋Ə⅐俬㈧㋮㵰俬ᾩ䂡⏳ᷧ㖶例Ə䉠㭋媑㗵˛227

55ƌ䬰 Tao 㖶ạ䙫凑䨘ƏㇽⷛḠⳝ Ivatan 㖶ạ䙫䛟⯴㋮䨘˛旃㖣 Teirala 2˚
Irala ㇽ Irara 䬰婅媅ヶ䙫䔘ὭƏ㠠㓁㜵⣓䙟Ƌ1997Ɲ27ƌ䙫俪嬰㘖㹷凑⌾ⳝ㯸㖶ᷧῲ⏙∴㘩Ị䙫ㅊ䔏媅Əẍ⍚⌾ⳝ㯸㖶㙕怴ㅊ䔏䙫ᷧ䴫䛟⯴㖠⏸䙫媅婅Ɲ˥⏸㵞ƋPAN*laHudƌ凮⏸晟Ƌㇽ˥檿✗˦PAN*Dayaƌ˦˛Benedek
Ƌ1991ƌẍ㋮⇡ Irala 凮 Ilawod 䂡ᷧ䴫䛟⯴䙫㥩⿜婅ƏIrala ヶ㋮˥晟✗˦Ə
Ilawod ∮㛰˥㵞⣽˦ḲヶƋ柨 13ƌ˛⯴㭋Ə晚䍰併Ƌ2008ƌ∮怙ᷧ㭌㋮⇡Ɲ˥✏嘔ⶣ Ilaod ᷧ婅怵⎢墒䔏Ὥ㋮䨘ⷛḠⳝƏẍ㋮㵞⣽˚䕗⟆Ə䏥✏ẍ㋮凡䁊㜓ⳝ˛Ọ嘔ⶣⳝ䂡▕ἴ㘩Əilaod 㘖⽧㵞䙫㖠⏸ƏṆ㘖㋮⌾㖠˚∴㖠䙫ヶ〄ƞilala 㘖⽧晟ᷱƏ⽧ⱘ䙫㖠⏸ƏṆ㘖㋮凮⌾㖠䛟⎴䙫㖠⏸Ƌ⋾㖠ƌ
˚⽳杉˚嘔ⶣ䙫ヶ〄˦
Ƌ柨 452ƌ˛侨䑃㔶Ƌ1998ƌᾄⳝ㯸䙫娑媮岮㖀媑㗵Ɲ˥˧ự㊰㊰ƋIraraƌ˨㘖ựⷛḠạ⯴嘔ⶣ暬併ạ䙫䨘④Əヶ〄㘖˧⋾㖠䙫ạ˨Əₚ媑怀例ạ䂡ṭ忪恦奦䏔䉀ạ䙫忒⮚Ə䧢⎢⋾㖠䙫嘔ⶣƏṆ㛰⏍ᷧ䨕媑㲼㘖⛇梘梏㻩㴨∗嘔ⶣ˦Ƌ柨 55ƌ˛⛇㭋Ə䶃ᷱ㈧志Ə㠠㓁⌾ⳝ㯸㖶媅姧⭟䛟⯴㖠ἴ䙫䔏婅ㅊ『ƏTeirala˚Irala ㇽ Irara 䙫ⳝⶣ䨘⏴Əἣḵ暘▢吾 Tao Ὥ凑⌾㖠⎆惰ƋⷛḠⳝƌ䙫暭檻姿㆝Ə✏䴼⯴䙫㵞㳲⺎㨀凮⽣㭋䛟⯴䙫㖠ἴᷱƏ嘔ⶣㇷṭᷧῲἴⰬ⋾㖠ƋⷛḠⳝ䙫ᷱ㖠˚⋾㖠ƌ䙫ⳝⶣ˛㜓㕮㓓⾅嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶佱妹Ềạ˚ạ⽉⛽㠯凮晝壤ạ⁝䬰ᷰ䨕˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦䙫⮺Ⱜ廰檻凮㕮⋽ⅎ㶜⇮⅌Ə⇭∌㎉䩝䥅婘ₚ媑䙫ạ䥅ヶ嬿˚怇分ⷌ嗄併⭟䙫㓓ạ〄䶔凮妑㄂⯶⭐䙫晝⁝檻䏥Əḍ懄⯴总ゆ㖶ạ䙫ạ妧˚凑ㇸヶ嬿˚ạ䥅䛆䳫凮妑㄂⯶⭐備ℹㅊ『䬰㖶例䉠⾜Ə怙堳⤁憴䙫䏭姊媽志凮㕮⋽婕憲Ə㜆僤孺⮺Ⱜ✏ᷴ⏳㕮⋽廰檻䙫总ゆ㖶˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦⎱⅝婕憲Ə⽾Ọ㷬㙗㵕䏥Ə㛛凢⭳╫˛孱Ʊ么墐ᶗᵸ
ₚ䵘ᷱƏ✏嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶䙫䤥㛪壈Ə˥ⱘ佱˦屉棱㕟憶㘖塈憶⅝岈⮳⤁⯈䙫㋮㨀ḲᷧƏ㖶ạ䵺⸟㛪✏ⰲⅎ䈭ᷱ㎂⇡㕛㍹㕛⇾䙫ⱘ佱妹Ƌ奲⛽ 1ƌƏ喰Ọⰼ䤡凑ⷘ㛥䵺䴖䨴䙫岈⮳凮䤥㛪偙㜂Ə佱妹嵱⤁ⰘỊ塏凑ⷘ岈䔉嵱⤁Ə
墒⅘⏳婴⏖䙫䤥㛪僤⊂ṆⰘ嵱⼞˛勌䄈佱妹䙫⮝⺔Ə∮⏑⥤⎽㨠㞄∢ㇷ佱

2Teirala ✏ Tao 媅ヶ䙫㖠⏸⏴䨘ᷱƏᾩ㋮⋾㖠ḲヶƋ告㣕㰟Ə1997Ɲ156ƌ˛

228佱妹Ềạ˚ạ❲⛽㠯凮晝壤ạ⁝嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶䙫˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦⎱⅝婕憲

妹䊧Ə㨈Ủ佱妹ὃ䂡壄棥䉐Ə䔏Ὥ㛦Ị䛛佱妹Ə⎯䨘佱妹㜏暼ạ₶ㇽ˥佱妹Ềạ˦ⰲ棥Ƌ奲⛽ 2ƌ˛㭋桅壄棥⒨€奲㖣嘔ⶣⳝᷱ䙫总ゆ㖶Ⱜ㯸ḔƏ䂡䕝✗䛟䕝䉠㭱䙫⮋ⅎ壄棥⒨Ḳᷧ˛壤ὃ㘩⽾ℯ䟴⎽䂶䟌㨠䙫㨠㞄Ə柯ⷍ⏚⯴䨘俳⇭䂡⅐⎰俬˛Ḳ⽳⯮⅝⸝⛅⮝Əⅴ䔏⯶㖎∕⎢㨠䚕Ə⅝㨠㞄⍚㎈⇭⎰嘼⁁䂡栔庒惏ỤƏ⅐⇭㞄∮䂡曀兦˛Ḳ⽳ⅴỌ⯶㖎ᾄ㬈∢⇡曀兦˚ạ庒⎱ạ栔䙫ạ₶暼∢Əⅴ⯮⅝῕㕛⹚㺸˛䄝⽳Ọ暼∢䳲㨊䙫摦⬷Ə✏ạ₶暼∢ᷱƏ∢⇡倚˚䛕˚䛰˚漢˚⏊Ḳ⽉䊧⎱塊吾䙫䳲棥㖣⅝ᷱ˛Ḳ⽳⎽㛓ṥ佱妹(ㇽ䉂妹)Əℯ䔏⯶㖎⯮⅝῕㕛ℰ㺸Əḍ✏⅝ᷱ∕⇡⹚堳䳲Ə䄝⽳⯮佱妹(ㇽ䉂妹)⤾✏ạ₶暼∢曂⽉䙫曀兦ᷱƏⅴ䔏⯶搜憿憿䶱Ə᷻✏ạ₶栔惏⽳杉Ə⭰ᷱ㉊⛯Əὃ䂡嶊⑚『䙫⮋ⅎ壄棥⒨˛俳⅞㛰㭋䨕壄棥⒨䙫⮝⺔Ə㮶䕝凰
堳䥔⅟㘩Ə⍚⯮⅝⎽⇡Ə䵨✏䫠䫦ᷱƏ妹⯽㜄ᷱƏ㎹✏⺔晉∴䦕割晚⇾嘼䙫㖨恱Ə䔏Ọ䂒俧(⎪⽷䀂㴙˚⽷柝ẨƏ1994ƞ≰⅝‰Ə1995)˛㠠㓁湦憵⿇暫䙫姿廰Əạ₶暼∢䙫㘖ₚ媑Ḕₚ㍯总ゆ㖶ạ怇删˚㌼歁凮徙俼㉧堺䙫
䥅婘勘暫 Mangamaog˛䔘㖣 Mangamaog ⅞㛰樬㕊ト术凮恦䁤樬悑䙫僤⊂Ə⛇㭋✏总ゆ㖶ḢⰲḔ⤁㛪㇟㎂佱妹㜏暼ạ₶Əᷴ⏑⁁䂡壄棥Ḳ䔏ƏṆ⅞㛰
䤯㰩⹚⭰䙫ヶ㶜(⎪⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏Ə2022)˛㭋⣽Ə㛰旃嘔ⶣ凮叙⽲岺ⷛḠⳝ⅐✗ẋ⽧⤮ạ廣Ṳ䙫⏊志ₚ媑ḔƏ嘔ⶣὃ⮝⣶㜓Ƒ⤮἖㄂暬Ƌ1999Ɲ96ƌ㛥㎷∗ᷧ∮凮ⷛḠⳝ䛟旃䙫⏊ₚ㔬Ṳ
Ə⅝㕮㜓㐿奨⥩ᷲƝˡ佱栔Ềạ 3㙡忧】䉐ˢεऊΎԭԃа߻Ǵआᓐ೽ပ΋ঁӜћՋԯٗӵ‫܌‬৞‫ݤ‬ང‫ޑ‬ԴΓৎǴᇡᎦΑ΋ঁӧξ΢‫ޑډפ‬иΓǶ೭ՏԲᓐиΓ‫و‬ၹΑើᔁ৞Ǵᙴ‫ݯ‬໡ऍΓ‫ੰޑ‬Ϸ‫ځ‬дᅿᅿ‫ڻ‬٣Ǵ‫ࢂܭ‬Ӝᖂᇻኞ‫ࢩࠄډ‬Ӛঁλ৞ǶࡕٰǴЃϏ৞ Tkbalat ‫ޑ‬ΓǴҗ‫ܭ‬தத೏ੇۭ‫্ߟނ܁‬ǵӞ௞ǴΞԖੇหதฦഌ‫׬‬Γ‫܈‬ఠдॺǴЀ‫ࢂځ‬ζΓǴЃϏ৞‫ޑ‬Γ᝺ளӆ೭ኬᝩុΠѐǴৎໂ൩ؒԖζΓΑǼ‫ࢂܭ‬Ǵдॺ஥๱΋εТ‫ޑ‬໳ߎٰ‫ډ‬ើᔁ୘ॷԲᓐиΓ߻۳ЃϏ৞ᔅԆჹб‫ނ܁‬ᆶੇหǴ่݀੿‫ޑ‬ᔅЃϏ৞Γ‫ޑ‬ғࢲࡠൺΑӼ‫ۓ‬ǶࡕٰǴЃϏ৞‫ޑ‬ΓؒԖ٩ऊ‫עۓ‬ԲᓐиΓଌӣើᔁǴϐࡕΨؒԖΓ‫ޕ‬ၰԲᓐиΓ‫ޑ‬ѐӛΑǶ
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㭋㕮㜓㈧㎷˥佱栔Ềạ˦Ə㠠㓁䬭俬嘔ⶣ⠘⯵ạ塏䤡Ə㛰㘩ẍ⏖䨘䂡˥佱妹Ềạ˦˛229

㭋∮㕮㜓㈧㎷⎱˥佱栔Ềạ˦䙫⽉屈Ə䬭俬婴䂡Ə㘖ᷧ䨕⯮˥佱˦㓓ạ⋽䙫㕮⋽㻻习塏䏥˛⛇䂡Ə佱暢⯴总ゆ㖶ạ俳姧㘖ᷧ䨕檿岛⑳岈⮳䙫屈⾜˛ₚ䵘Ḣⰲ⭾㟘ᷱ⍚∢㛰佱妹䙫㨀姿⾤噆Ƌ奲⛽ 3ƌƏ⑏㜄䴷(2003)⍚㋮⇡佱䳲ㇽ佱妹⛽樗⇡䏥✏⭾㟘ᷱƏḢ奨㘖嘔ⶣⱘ佱Ḳ櫴櫔⑳佱妹ἣ䙥㭙ḲạƏ墒▢䂡敞⣤屈⾜Ə⭾㟘⏖嫩䂡ᷧ敺ḢⰲḲ⣤⑤Ə✏㖣⭾㟘㘖㔖㑷ᷧ敺Ḣⰲ䙫㣆㧸Ə㔬㖶ạỌ佱妹❲⑳佱妹䳲暼棥⅝ᷱƏ屈⾜凑ⷘ䙫⮝ⰲ⑳⑤僯㉦ₚ僤凮ⱘ佱ᷧ㨊˛㭋⣽Ə䬭俬ẍ䙣䏥㛰Ẃ䏥Ị㰛㳌⻡䮰ẍ⏖奲˥佱妹Ềạ˦䙫壄棥㦲ờƋ奲⛽ 4ƌƏ㠠㓁嘔ⶣ⠘⯵ạ塏䤡㭋桅壄棥ᾩₚ䵘Ḣⰲ⭾㟘˥佱妹˦㨀姿Ḳ⻝἟ㆰ䔏˛㤱㔦峉(2012aƝ37-39)婴䂡怀Ẃ佱妹棥⒨⏖好䂡㘖˥佱妹Ềạ˦䥅婘⅞檻˥檻䏥˦䙫ᷧ䨕䉐峑⽉⻶Ə晋ṭ㘖屈⾜⮝⺔岈⮳⣽Ə㛰㘩ẍ䔏㖣⃧⻶ƏⅣ⅞㒒术䙫ὃ䔏Əὲ⥩䕝⮝ạ䔆䖬㘩Ə总ゆ㖶ạ婴䂡⏖⯮佱妹何㖣割吰Ə㔥✏ⰲ⣽峯凮ト术Ə媲⅝⾅䖬俬庒ᷱ曉⎢䬰˛⏍Ə㠠㓁嘔ⶣ⠘⯵ạ Sn-M.V.䙫媑㲼Ə佱妹Ềạẍ凮ᷧ∮˥⬼⩍䔆䔉˦䙫⏊ₚざざ䛟旃ƝђਔǴၲ৴‫஁ޑ‬ζғౢ೿ࢂҔԮТ‫ޔ‬ௗওဎٰ‫ڗ‬ηǴ஁ζ࿶தภधᜤऐǴᓻ‫ޑٽ‬Ͻ‫ש‬౗ΨࡐଯǴ஁ζॺ೿ࡐ্‫܂‬٠‫ܔל‬ғౢ೭ҹ٣ǶࡕٰǴԖ΋ჹϻ஁Ȑ‫ۀ‬ςᚶԖ‫ي‬ѫȑӧξ΢คཀύ࣮‫ډ‬ΑξԲԾฅϩ৆ౢη‫ޑ‬௃‫׎‬Ǵ൩ᏢଆξԲΨ΋ኬၤ๱ғౢǴғౢၸำӢԶߚத໩ճѳӼǶவԜǴၲ৴Γ൩όӆ௦ҔওဎғౢǴ٠வύள‫ډ‬ӵՖӼӄғౢ‫௴ޑ‬ҢǶ΋‫ډޔ‬౜ӧǴԖ٤Γৎ္ᗋԖᘍ೛೭ᅿԖΓᓐးႬ‫ޑ‬Բ‫ٰࣹف‬ᅽ--Ƕ⾅ᷱ⏖䟌Əᷧ⥩⣶㜓Ƒ⤮἖㄂暬ˡ佱栔Ềạ㙡忧】䉐ˢ㕮㜓㈧㎷˥೭ՏԲᓐиΓ‫و‬ၹΑើᔁ৞Ǵᙴ‫ݯ‬໡ऍΓ‫ੰޑ‬Ϸ‫ځ‬дᅿᅿ‫ڻ‬٣--˦Ə总ゆ㖶ạ⭟侹凑ⱘ佱⇭⨐䙫╆䤡Ə✏䕝㘩ẍ墒好䂡㘖姊㱡㖶ạ䔆䔉䄍ㅕ䙫╆咀㖤ぐ俬˛ㇽ娘㭊⛇䂡⥩㭋Ə㖶ạ䂡ṭ䳧⿜䤩Ə㖣㘖✏ₚ䵘ⰲ凴壈㓡娔佱妹Ềạ䙫棥⒨Əㇽ俬✏䏥Ị⻡䮰⣽妧ᷱẍ㛪壄棥佱妹ỀạƏᷧ㖠杉⏖Ọ⽗桖佱暢㈧暘

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⊁Ʊᵸ⸠◔㜆嘔ⶣ㋣㝦分㘖㛧僤Ị塏总ゆ㖶ạ䙫ᷧ柬䉐峑㕮⋽凮䉠㭱ⷌ嗄Ƌ奲⛽ 5ƌƏ⅝删庒ᾩ㘖䔘㖶ạ䲥⾪恟⎽ 13 䨕ᷴ⏳䙫㨠䨕Əᾄ⅝㜏㜷䉠『⇭∌ㆰ恟䂡潴檏˚恱㝦˚删⹼˚删䳎˚㜏憿˚删㑡䬰删庒⏫惏ἴḲ㜏㜷Ə䛟䕝俪䩝ƏᷴㆰỌ˥䍏㜏分˦䨘Ḳ˛⅝䔏㜷⋬㋓䙫㨠䨕㛰⤎吰㨠嘔˚溜⋬㨠˚㫽Ẩ凬˚䕑潴䜣˚抠吰憵䉈Ḡ˚⯴吰㥼˚⤎吰ⱘ㫽˚䳬㞃塏㎎㜏˚⯶吰㠸˚岄㜏˚嘔ⶣ劘㣹䬰䬰˛䲥併䙫㋣㝦分晋ṭ✏⊂⭟ᷱ㘖ịạ橁䕗䙫娔姯Ḳ⣽Ə凮㕛ῲ⌾ⳝ媅㖶䙫刑㵞㕮⋽Ṇ㛰吾㗵桖⏖奲䙫䛛㎌䛟旃Ə删庒䙫⽐乑Ṇ⅞㛰檿
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235Ḕ᷽䔳㛧㗐䔞ạ Mamooka 䙫˥ạ⽉䥅₶˦Əḍ⯮敲╆ạ桅㕮㗵䙫⤐䥅˥⅞
屈⋽˦場䔆俳ὭƏ总ゆ㖶ạ喰㭋⛽樗承姿ạ䥅䛆䳫凮≜᷽奶姺Ə᷽Ịẋ㛦Əₚ㉦徫ằ˛ⅴ俬Ə晝壤ạ⁝㘖㗻㘩总ゆ㖶ạ檻䏥妑⬷旃ᾩ䙫ᷧ䨕ⷌ嗄⩹ẲƏ喰䔘䉐峑㕮⋽䙫≜ヶ䙣ⰼₚ总ṭ˥妑㄂⯶⭐˦䙫⾪〄ヶ⿜Ə⏖媑㘖ᷧ䨕⮺ガ㖣䉐䙫㛧὚奲嬰˛徸⹛ὭƏ䉐峑㕮⋽䟻䩝忷㼟ㇷ䂡ạ桅⭟䙫憴奨⇭㔖Ə䉐峑䏥屈Ṇ墒好䂡㘖⎴㘇ạ桅㕮⋽䉠『䙫憴奨杉⏸˛孁㗳⛲Ƌ2008Ɲ11ƌ㋮⇡Ɲ˥‫ނ‬፦Ўϯࢂ΋ঁ҇௼ճҔԾฅᕉნ‫ک‬ၗྍ‫ڀޑ‬ᡏԋ݀ǴΨࢂ΋ঁ҇௼‫཮ޗ‬ಔᙃᆶЎϯ౛‫࠼ޑۺ‬ᡏϯჴ౜˦ƞAlfred GellƋ1998ƌḢ⼜喰䔘嗄堺⒨凮㕮䉐䙫䟻䩝Ə⏖Ọ⯴ạ暂䤥㛪旃ᾩ䙫僯䵈⸝Ὥ⏍ᷧ䨕⏖僤䙫䏭姊好憵˛Gell Ḣ⼜ᷴㆰ⯮嗄堺⒨䕝ὃᷧ䨕˥䳻˦嗄堺⒨Ὥ䛲⽬ƏᷴㆰỌₚ䵘奦㖠併⭟⃠‣Ὥ娼⃠杅奦㖠䤥㛪䙫嗄堺塏䏥⎱⅝㕮⋽ヶ㶜˛嗄堺ạ桅⭟ㆰ㘖ᷧ䨕㴢✏䕝ᷲƋliving-inƌ䙫䟌嬿䮫䕮Ə嗄堺ạ桅⭟ᷴ㘖⎢㉥⇡⅝⑤栳⻶䙫∝⻶䬻㠯ƞ⎴ḲƏ俳㘖奨⎢䙣䏥⅝暘暘䳫䳫䙫㕮⋽㮴栳˛㏂姧ḲƏ㜓㕮懄⯴总ゆ㖶˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦䙫⤁憴媽志凮㕮⋽婕憲Əㇽ僤⹒⊐ㇸῸ䏭姊总ゆ㖶ạ䙫ạ妧˚凑ㇸヶ嬿˚ạ䥅䛆䳫凮妑㄂⯶⭐䙫備ℹㅊ『䬰㖶例䉠⾜凮㕮⋽⛽₶Ə⽾Ọ㛛⊇㷬㙗Ə㛛
凢⭳╫˛

236

佱妹Ềạ˚ạ❲⛽㠯凮晝壤ạ⁝嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶䙫˥ạ⽉㕮⋽˦⎱⅝婕憲

⊁仁㑅䈹
㜵⣓䙟
1997

ˣ凡䁊⌾ⳝ㯸㖶䙫㖶例凮恞⾀ˤ˛凡⋾Ɲ⸟㯸˛

⭲㕮喗
1957

ˡ嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶Ḳ壤晝㖠㲼ˢƏˣ凡⤎俪⏋ạ桅⭟⇱ˤ9/10Ɲ
149-152˛⑏㜄䴷2003 ˡⰼ䏥暬併䔞ạ䙫䤥㛪✗ἴƋᷰƌˢƏ
ˣ嘔ⶣ曀怘⇱ 324 䬓ṳ䈯ˤ˛僈㭊〭2008 ˡ㭞⏙✗㙖⋽凮⽉屈⋽Ɲ媽总ゆạ⮝⛿≜⦲姿㆝⎱⅝䕝Ị婕憲ˢ˛⇱㖣ˣ⯓⮠䙫ạ桅⭟䲥䥅Ɲ≰㕳暫ℯ䔆䳧⿜媽㕮暭ˤ˛㝾併⮠˚惔ὐ⮃⎱溪㙡ㅎ䷏Ə柨 199-232˛凡⋾ƝḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻
䩝㈧˛⣶㜓⤮ὗ㄂暬1996

ˣ暬併㖶䙫⏋嬇凮㕮⋽ˤ˛凡⋾Ɲ⸟㯸㕮⋽˛⣶㛣岯ⷛ⺍Ƌ㖤榓檿ƌ
1997

ˣ嘔ⶣ惏吤✗㙖✗⏴䩡敺㕮⋽Ḳ媦㟌ˤ˛凡㝘Ɲ凡㝘上䪲㕮⋽Ḕ⾪˛⣶㛣喴㳉⭰
2003ˣ⎆∄尷兛䙫ⳝⶣ--总ゆ㯸㖶䙫㵞㳲䟌嬿凮㕮⋽ˤ˛⛲䪲㷬取⤎⭟ạ桅⭟䟻䩝㈧䢐⣒媽㕮˛

⽷䀂㴙
1984

ˣ嘔ⶣḲ併ˤ˛凡⋾Ɲ堳㔦晉㕮⋽⻡娔⦻Ⓢ㛪˛⽷䀂㴙˚⽷柝Ẩ
1994 ˣ凡䁊ⱘ僅䉐峑㕮⋽Ɲₚ䵘㈲ⷌ㉧嗄Ḳ䟻䩝Ƌ总ゆ˚ⷪ徙㖶ƌˤ˛ⅎ㔦惏⯯栳⦻姾䟻䩝姯䕒⠘␱˛凡⋾Ɲⅎ㔦惏˛
晚䍰併
2001

ˣ凡㝘上⏙暬併㖶䮮ˤ˛凡㝘Ɲ凡㝘上㔦⺃˛

2008

ˡ⅐『˚ⷌὃ˚㘩敺凮䩡敺Ɲ⾅嘔ⶣ㯸㖶俪⏋⭟岮㖀憴㖗〄俪˥俪⏋恡✧˦ˢ˛⇱㖣ˣ⯓⮠䙫ạ桅⭟䲥䥅Ɲ≰㕳暫ℯ䔆䳧⿜媽㕮暭ˤ˛㝾併⮠˚惔ὐ⮃⎱溪㙡ㅎ䷏Ə柨 445-482˛凡⋾ƝḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧˛

237

侨䑃㔶
1998 ˡ⒒Ⱑ⤐㶖奺劚愗--⅒憴ⱘ凮ⷛḠ例ⳝ䳧堳ˢ˛ˣ䵺⅟曃婳ˤ2Ɲ50-73˛⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏ˡⰲ棥ˢ
˛ˣ㕮⋽惏⅟営䶙ˤ
˛

2022

https://collections.culture.tw/nmp_collectionsweb/collection.as
px?GID=MAMBM7ME˛ᷱ䷁㗌㜆Ɲ2022.04.23˛㤱㔦峉2012a ˡⳝ˚⛲Ḳ敺䙫˥㖶例˦Ɲ嘔ⶣ Tao 凮ⷛḠⳝ Ivatan 䙫⏊ₚ㭞⏙ˢ
˛ˣ⌾ⳝ䟻䩝⭟⠘ˤ3(1)Ɲ27-54˛2012b ˡ妑ⱓ䨘嫩˚妑⾅⬷⏴凮䉐峑㕮⋽Ɲ婍媽嘔ⶣ暬併㖶檻䏥妑⬷旃ᾩ䙫ᷰ䨕㕮⋽ⅎ㶜ˢ˛⇱㖣ˣ丨場˚䤯䥶凮ῄ孞Ɲẅ㴙䙫傳ℹ
⸝㕮⋽ˤ˛㝾⾾凯Ḣ䷏Ə柨 159-176˛凡㝘Ɲ⛲䪲凡䁊⏙∴㕮⋽⍁䉐椏˛≰⅝‰ˣ⏗䁊⎆ἶ㯸㕮⋽嗄堺ˤƏ⏗⋾Ɲ暫䌬˛

1995
愔デ勘

ˡ暬併䙫⤎删㕮⋽ˢƏˣḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧暭⇱ˤ57Ɲ

1984

95-155˛凡⋾ƝḔ⤕䟻䩝晉㯸㖶⭟䟻䩝㈧˛唈䭘␂[1999]2006 ˡ嘔ⶣ总ゆ㖶例㈲ⷌ㉧嗄䙫✗㖠梏㠣凮ヶ㶜ˢ˛⇱㖣ˣ嗄堺㕀備Ɲ刅⊼㯸㖶㕀備䙫䲥术ă凡䁊⎆ἶ㯸㖶㕀備媽⾅䬓 3 弖ˤƏ柨 104-9˛凡⋾Ɲ堳㔦晉⎆ἶ㯸㖶⦻Ⓢ㛪˛孁㗳⛲Ḣ䷏ˣₚ总喑嗄Ɲ暬併(总ゆ)㖶ₚ䵘㈲ⷌ嗄㕮⋽⛽拫ˤ˛凡㝘Ɲ凡㝘

2008

上㔦⺃˛
Benedek, Dezso (䙤⾞㾋)1991

The Songs of the Ancestors: a Comparative Study of Bashiic
Folklore. Taipei: SMC Publishing, Inc.

Gell, Alfred.
1998 The Theory of the Art Nexus. In Art and Agency: an anthropological
Theory. Pp. 10-27. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.

238⎆ἶ㯸㖶䥅婘凮嗄堺≜ὃ-⾅ⷛ㠣总⣽ Pakedavai 䟚㝦ⰲạ⽉暼∢媮嵞䉉㓯⺁ (Tanivu Tapari)
Wang Yu-hsin⛲䪲㝘取⤎⭟⎆ἶ㯸㖶㧩刅凮嗄堺⭟⣒⭟ἴ⭟䧲㕀㍯
Professor, Undergraduate Program ofIndigenous Performance and Arts,
National Dong Hwa University



䛒䤴曖⚝
⎆ἶ㯸䕝Ị嗄堺凮ⷌ嗄娔姯˚晝䓞嗄堺≜ὃ凮㕟ἴ≜ὃ˚⎆ἶ㯸㖶㕮⋽≜ヶ凮䔉⒨娔姯˚⎆ἶ㯸㖶⍁䉐椏凮䄈⽉㕮⋽岮䔉˚惏吤䵺㿆凮㯸㖶䔉㥔˚⌾ⳝ㕮⋽凮嗄堺䟻䩝

Areas of Research
Aboriginal contemporary art and craft design,
Ceramic art creation and digital creation,
Aboriginal cultural creativity and product design,
Aboriginal museums and intangible cultural heritages,
Tribal economy and ethnic industries,
Austronesian culture and art research

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⎆ἶ㯸㖶䥅婘凮嗄堺≜ὃ-⾅ⷛ㠣总⣽ Pakedavai 䟚㝦ⰲạ⽉暼∢媮嵞≝ḍ㫏㒍䠜夯僅咛圑ℳḚ ⹜Ⲳ㛺弒⟔ Pakedavai 䚱㘽⬉ᵸ⸠斓⃹妅尵䉉㓯⺁ (Tanivu Tapari)⛲䪲㝘取⤎⭟⎆ἶ㯸㖶㧩刅凮嗄堺⭟⣒⭟ἴ⭟䧲㕀㍯㌖堿
暼∢ⷌ嗄㛥㘖⎆ἶ㯸㖶䤥㛪憴奨䙫⻡䮰⮝ⰲ˚䔆㴢˚䥔䤧˚⃧䦕Ḳ♏
䉐Ὥ㹷Ə凑㗌㲢㘩㜆䵺㭞墒㭽㯸嘼⡪凮墒⮗∝䙫ẋ㗺䶙䵈弫∝ᷲƏ⊇ᷱ徸䙥⹛Ὥ⣽Ὥ⭾㕀⽘柦Ə⎆ἶ㯸㖶暼∢嗄堺恔∗岝㉸俳㼟嶏暘⌦Əᷱῲ᷽䳧䴷㝆∴Ə€㍹䁊˚歖⇘˚暬併㖶曝㘆䶔乒暼∢ⷌ嗄㉧堺˛凑⾅ᷱῲ᷽䳧㜒凡䁊㔦檻姊⚛Ḳ⽳Ə暼∢ⷌ嗄ⅴ⺍⎾∗惏⇭㖶ạ䙫朹䝅Ə婍⛽㉥⛅暼∢嗄堺䔆㩆˛⟡㖣㭋Ə㜓㕮㎉姵⎆ἶ㯸㖶≜ὃ俬⯴㖣䥅婘㔿Ṳ䙫䏭姊˚怲䔏ƏỌ⎱⯴㖣暼∢嗄堺婴䟌˚≜ὃ❲ㄲ孱⋽䙫⯍㲨˛㜓㕮㎉姵㍹䁊㖶ⷛ㠣总⣽⮝㖶䙫䟚㝦ⰲḔ巆䥅婘㔿Ṳ䛟旃䙫暼∢嗄堺Ə凮⅝✏惏吤㋨乳⬿✏ヶ侐⊆僤Ə乣䔘㮻廪ᷰỊ≜ὃ俬⊼㩆凮䛕䙫Əⅴ㷘⅌妧⯆㍹䁊㖶䕝Ị暼∢嗄堺䙣ⰼ⯍㲨Ə␯䏥㜓᷽䳧⎆ἶ㯸㖶暼∢嗄堺䙫䙣ⰼ巖⽸˚䉠剙Ə敲䙣⎆ἶ㯸㖶嗄堺≜ὃ䙫䍏䉠併ㄆ䵺樾凮媅⽀Ə㎉䴉㜑Ὥ怙巖˛

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⎆ἶ㯸㖶䥅婘凮嗄堺≜ὃ-⾅ⷛ㠣总⣽ Pakedavai 䟚㝦ⰲạ⽉暼∢媮嵞Indigenous Mythology and Artistic Storytelling Talking about the Humanoid Sculpture in
the Pakedavai Slate House
Wang Yu-Hsin (Tanivu Tapari)
Professor, Undergraduate Program of Indigenous Performance and Arts,
National Dong Hwa University

Abstract
Sculpture craftsmanship was once an important source of artifacts forbuilding houses, living, sacrificing, and ceremonies in the indigenous
society. Since the Japanese occupation period, it has been under thecontrol of the colonial situation and the domination of the trading network,
plus the influence of foreign religions in the past hundred years. The
indigenous carving art has been degraded and gradually hidden. Before
the end of the last century, only the Paiwan, Rukai and Yami peoples
maintained their carving skills sporadically. Since the 1990s when theended of Taiwan martial law period, carving craft has been favored bysome indigenous groups again, trying to regain the vitality of carving art.
Based on this, this paper explores the understanding and application of
mythological narratives by indigenous creators, as well as the actual
situation of the changes in the art of sculpture. This article explores theartistic creations related to mythological narratives in the slate houses of
the Paiwan family in Sandimen Township, from the human figure
sculpture and exploring the meaning and function of its continued content,
and then compares the motivation and purpose of the three generationsof creators, and deeply observes the contemporary Paiwan nationality.
The development of sculpture art presents the development path and243characteristics of indigenous sculpture art in this century, understands theunique aesthetic experience and storytelling of indigenous art, andexplores the future approach.

244⎆ἶ㯸㖶䥅婘凮嗄堺≜ὃ-⾅ⷛ㠣总⣽ Pakedavai 䟚㝦ⰲạ⽉暼∢媮嵞

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⎆ἶ㯸㖶䥅婘凮嗄堺≜ὃ-⾅ⷛ㠣总⣽ Pakedavai 䟚㝦ⰲạ⽉暼∢媮嵞

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⎆ἶ㯸㖶䥅婘凮嗄堺≜ὃ-⾅ⷛ㠣总⣽ Pakedavai 䟚㝦ⰲạ⽉暼∢媮嵞

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