グローバルCCSインスティテュート日本事務所主催 公開ウェビナー「なぜ世界はCCSが必要なのか？ – 世界のCCSの動向とその課題」
講演者:
グローバルCCSインスティテュート 法規制担当シニアコンサルタント イアン・ヘイバークロフト
グローバルCCSインスティテュート 貯留担当シニアコンサルタント クリス・コンソリ
モデレーター : グローバルCCSインスティテュート 日本代表 南坊 博司
司会:
グローバルCCSインスティテュート日本事務所 宮下 和子

講演者

グローバルCCSインスティテュート
法規制担当シニアコンサルタント
イアン・ヘイバークロフト

Ian Havercroft
グローバルCCSインスティテュート
貯留担当シニアコンサルタント
クリス・コンソリ

Chris Consoli| 2CCS: ROLE, STATUS& DRIVERSPRESENTERS:CHRIS CONSOLI, SENIOR CONSULTANT – STORAGE,GLOBALCCS INSTITUTEIAN HAVERCROFT, SENIOR CONSULTANT – LEGAL & REGULATORY,GLOBAL CCS INSTITUTEWHAT IS CCS?

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MEETING CLIMATE CHANGE TARGETS• CCS is vital to reduce emissions to net-zero by midcentury and achieve global climate change targets.
• CCS technologies are proven, have been in operation
since 1970s.
• Over 260 Mt of anthropogenic CO2 has been captured
and stored to date.
• CCS is versatile in its application; mitigates emissions aswell as removes CO2 from atmosphere.
• Most proposed models require a substantial volume ofCO2 to be captured, transported and stored annually.

CCS IS ESSENTIAL - IEA WEO 2019 REPORT•

66% chance of T≤ 1.8 degrees C​•Limited negative emissions​•Average 1.5Gtpa CO2 captured 2019-2050​•2.8Gt CO2 captured in 2050, capture split almost equally between powerand industry|6

CCS IS ESSENTIAL - IPCC SR15 REPORT•Almost all scenarios
required CCS​
•3 of 4 Illustrative
Pathways required 348Gt
to 1,218Gt CO2 to be
stored this century.

P2: A SUSTAINABILITY-ORIENTED SCENARIO
P3: A MIDDLE-OF-THE-ROAD SCENARIO
P4: A RESOURCE-AND ENERGY-INTENSIVE SCENARIO|7

CURRENT STATUS OF CCSCURRENT CCS FACILITIES AROUND THEWORLD|9CCS PROJECT PIPELINE IS REPLENISHING
In 2019

Projects in “Advanced Development” Stage, or more advanced• Total large scale CCS Projectpipeline increased by 8 to 51• 10 new projects added• 2 removed• Gorgon commenced operation
bringing the number of large scale
operating facilities to 19• ACTL Sturgeon and ACTL Agrium
facilities expected to commence
operations very soon

Source: Global CCS InstituteSource: Global CCS Institute| 10LARGE CCS FACILITIES – STORAGE
21 operating

3 in construction, 35 in studies*EOR since 1972
Dedicated CO2
storage since 1996
260Mt
anthropogenic CO2
stored to date1972

1996*Only advanced studies shown

Source: Global CCS InstituteSource: Global CCS Institute| 11

CCS FACILITIES - INDUSTRY

Source: Global CCS Institute| 12

CCS HUBS• Economies of scale• Commercial synergies• Reduce cross-chain risk
• Create low-emission industrial
precincts• Just transition for communities that
rely on high-emission industries• Lowest cost opportunities US$1525/tonne CO2 for high concentration
CO2 gas streams• Natural gas processing• Bioethanol production• Various chemical processes
Source: Global CCS Institute| 13

STORAGE

CO2 STORAGE IS PROVEN
STORAGE IS HAPPENING!

• Over 260 million tonnes of anthropogenic CO2 hasbeen successfully injected underground• The process of storing CO2 in underground rockformations is well-understood, safe and permanent• Monitoring technologies, refined from hydrocarbon
and hydrogeology industries are available| 15

AMPLE GLOBAL STORAGE RESOURCES
Conservative estimates of global storage capacity are several times
larger than required this century under any scenario.

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MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES| 17LAW AND REGULATIONREGULATION•••••

Legal and regulatory frameworks are critical for CCS operations.
CCS-specific frameworks are now in place in many jurisdictions
worldwide.
Regulatory models not only support deployment, but also ensure
environmental protection and public safety.
Clarify rights and responsibilities of operators and relevant
authorities.
Manage the novel risks of the CCS process throughout the project
lifecycle.

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STORAGE RISK PROFILE| 20

LIABILITY• Apportioning responsibility for CCS activities is a key
feature of many of the CCS-specific frameworks• Many regimes now include well-characterised
examples of how to approach liabilities associatedwith CCS operations• Frameworks address the novel challenges of CCS toconsider liability throughout the project lifecycle• Host of different forms of liability may be addressed• Clear allocation of roles for operators and regulators
to ensure security of storage| 21

TRANSBOUNDARY CO2 TRANSPORT& STORAGE• Critical issue for those nations with limited domestic
storage potential, or those seeking to host storage
projects• Provisions found within international marine legislation
had proven a hindrance to transboundary projects• Adoption in 2019 to allow the ‘provisional application’of an earlier amendment was a significantdevelopment• Focus must also shift to increasing ratification| 22

DRIVERSNECESSARY ACTIVITIES – A WAY FORWARD? (1) Storage Characterisation Appraisal

Identification of storage sites
Appraisal is critical to understand injection rates (not just storage
resource estimate)
Enables planning for CCS Hubs, future industry Portfolio approach
National and intra-basin sites requiredExploration and appraisal carry a large risk of failure anduncertainty

 Demonstration-scale CO2 injection, storage and monitoring

Addresses novel challenges posed by CO2 storage operations
Experience and expertise| 24

NECESSARY ACTIVITIES – A WAY FORWARD? (2) Review of national policy architecture:Consideration of the role of CCS in nations’ Nationally Determined
Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
Review of national climate change and energy policy commitments.
International, regional and domestic financing mechanisms tosupport CCS initiatives – e.g. international grants, carbon crediting
schemes, tax relief.

 Rapid development of legal and regulatory frameworks:
Examination of existing legal and regulatory frameworks and theirability to support CCS project deployment in each jurisdiction.
Consideration of novel challenges posed by CCS activities.
Design and development of CCS-specific regimes or amendment toexisting models.
Institutional arrangements to support regulatory models –regulatory authorities and oversight.
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A COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE OF FACILITY DEPLOYMENT The ‘high-scoring’ nations highlight the significance of:
1. Developed storage resources – available now
2. Incentive – a commercial driver for injection and storage
3. Law and regulation – throughout the project lifecycle

Incentive

Law &Regulation

Storage| 26

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| 27

THANK YOU!
globalccsinstitute.com

次回インスティテュート主催ウェビナーのご案内
一般公開ウェビナー
 9月22日(火) 22:00-23:00（日本時間）「Achieving a Net Zero Emissions Economy: Returning Carbon to the Earth」（英語での開催になります）

インスティテュート日本語サイト：
 イベント案内ページ：http://jp.globalccsinstitute.com/latest-events/

過去のインスティテュート主催公開ウェビナー録画：
 インスティテュート英語HP内 “Audio and Visual Library”：
https://www.globalccsinstitute.com/resources/audio-and-visual-library/

日本における問合せ先：グローバルCCSインスティテュート日本事務所（JapanOffice@globalccsinstitute.com）
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