aiming to internationalize Japanʼs technical standards.
In March 2014, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportand Tourism and the Ministry of Transport of Vietnam signed
the “Memorandum on Cooperation in Development of National
Technical Standards for Port Facilities of Vietnam”. Based on theMemorandum, with Vietnam as our partner, we have been developing
new technical standards for Vietnam based on Japanʼs port designand construction standards in collaboration with the Instituteof Transport Science and Technology (ITST) of the Ministry ofTransport of Vietnam. To conduct this study, over a two-year period,port technologists from Japan and Vietnam gathered and held eight
experts meetings. As a result, a partial draft of Vietnamʼs nationalstandards based on Japanʼs port technical standards related to generaldesign principles, loads and actions, breakwaters, construction andacceptance and other items, has been completed.
We will continue our work to complete the standards customization
method. In Vietnam, the necessary steps to achieve national standards
based on the draft will be taken. Past studies have been summarized
in the technical notes of NILIM.

Details * NILIM website (technical notes of NILIM)http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/tnn/tnn0800.htm
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/tnn/tnn0915.htm (planned)

Date

Event name
The Lecture Meeting of NILIM (2016)● Publication (research achievements) < June, 2016-August, 2016 >Download from here * http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/index.htm

TECHNICAL NOTE of NILIM
Title of Paper

882 FY2014 Annual Report of Wastewater Management and Water Quality Control

Names of Divisions
Wastewater System Division
Wastewater and Sludge
Management Division886

Data note for sediment discharge and hydrological observation at mountain rivers ofJapan (FY2009-2013data-set)

SABO Department

887

Recent advances in sediment discharge and hydrological observation at mountain
riveras of Japan

SABO Department

903 3D Data Exchange Standard Complies with the LandXML1.2 – ver.1.0

Maintenance Information
Technology Division,

909

Technical documentation on the practical application of XRAIN (X-band polarimetric(multi parameter) radar information network) rainfall observation

Water Cycle Division, Riverdepartment

911

Reinforcement Works for the Crown and the Toe of River Levees
to Extend the Duration of Resisting Breach due to Overtopping

River Department

913 Study on new road traffic survey
Vision for Landscape Planning in Future Society
914 Research Report on the Landscape Planning Methodology
Compatible with Population Decline and Urban Shrinkage in Japan

Summer 2016

We would like to offer our deepest sympathies to the victims of the Kumamoto Earthquake and wish for arapid recovery from this disaster.

At about 21:26 on April 14, 2016, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake(foreshock) struck the Kumamoto region of Kumamoto Prefecture,
followed by an M7.3 earthquake (main quake) in the same region
at 1:25 on April 16. During each earthquake, a maximum seismic
intensity of 7 was observed in Kumamoto Prefecture, and theMeteorological Agency named this series of earthquakes the 2016
Kumamoto Earthquake.
Severe damage occurred centered in Kumamoto and Oita
Prefectures, and according to a summary issued by the Fire andDisaster Management Agency by 9:00 on August 26, the earthquake
had caused 95 deaths and 2,245 injuries; totally destroyed 8,147
homes, seriously damaged 29,008, and partially damaged 135,367;
and started 16 fires.
The NILIM issued a warning when the foreshock occurred, andlate that night, set up the Central Disaster Response Committee.

Planning and Research Administration Dept

The NILIM shared damage information and requests for technicalsupport from the disaster region and the MLITT headquarters withthe Public Works Research Institute, Building Research Institute, andPort and Airport Research Institute, and in collaboration with eachbody, participated in the local response by sending various technicalexperts and dispatching TEC-FORCE, an emergency disaster
response team formed by the MLITT. It also sent an independent
team to carry out an on-site survey.
The following table shows the break-down of the NILIM personnel
sent to the disaster region.
As a result of the survey in the disaster region, reports weresubmitted to relevant bodies in the disaster region and, based on
the expert teamʼs experience gained in responding to past disasters,
technical support was provided with the aim of preventing secondary
disasters and restoring facilities in the disaster region.

Details * State of NILIM disaster surveys and technical support
activities in response to the Kumamoto Earthquake
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/kumamotojishin2016.html

Table Dispatch of Personnel tothe Disaster RegionExpertise

Number sent
(Person-days)(Person-days)

22

River levees, etc.

40

Road Traffic Department,
Road Structures Department,
Research Center for Land andConstruction ManagementSediment disasters

72Roads, bridges, etc.

122

Buildings

47

Landscape and Ecology Division

Parks and green areas

8Ports and airports

12Total323

Photo 1 View of a meeting of the Central Disaster
Response Committee held concurrently with
the MLITT Headquarters Emergency Disaster
Countermeasure Committee (before dawn on April 15)● We provide you with research information.
・ 2016 Annual Report of NILIM

This web site introduces NILIM activities throughout the year, including research activities and achievements,future initiatives, etc.
Go to this web site: * http://www.nilim.go.jp/english/annual/annual2016/ar2016e.html

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Asahi 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0804, Japan(Tachihara) Tachihara 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0802, Japan(Yokosuka) Nagase 3-1-1, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0826, Japan
Summer 2016
TEL:+81-29-864-2754 FAX:+81-29-864-4322
http://www.nilim.go.jp/english/eindex.htm
Edited and Published by National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

No.57

国 総 研 ニ ューズ レ ター

No.57

■ Activities of the NILIM after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake

In response to damage caused by the Kumamoto Earthquake ofApril 2016, the NILIM dispatched experts to the disaster region,
where they provided technical support.

November 19 Open house “Public Works Day” (Tsukuba)

No.

NILIM News Letter

Technical support to regional development bureau and local governments● Schedule of Principal Events

December 8

国総研ニューズレター

NILIM News Letter

Photo 2 Reporting survey results, etc. toa local mayor (explaining the results of anemergency inspection of sediment disasterrisk locations to Nishimura Hironari, themayor of the town of Mashiki : April 28)

Response to sediment disasters
In response to sediment disasters caused by the Kumamoto
Earthquake, the NILIM provided immediate support to the Kyushu
Regional Development Bureau and local governments impacted bythe disaster.
The earthquake caused sediment damage at 190 locations, resulting
in the loss of many precious human lives.
The Sabo Department dispatched personnel to the region on April
15, immediately after the foreshock of April 14. As a result, after themain shock struck on the 16th, they were able to quickly confirm thestate of many landslides, cracks, and large debris flows that occurredalong the caldera wall and near the central volcanic cone of the outerrim of Mt. Aso.

(June 17, 2016)

Sabo Department
Later, in cooperation with the Erosion and Sediment Control
Research Group of the Public Works Research Institute, the Sabo
Department sent its personnel to support the emergency measures
and TEC-FORCE activities undertaken by the Kyushu Regional
Development Bureau and emergency inspections of sedimentdisaster risk locations conducted by Kumamoto Prefecture until May
11. In districts where damage by sediment disasters was particularlysevere, as part of support for damaged cities, towns, and villages, it
carried out an emergency on-site inspection. It provided early reportsof the results of these surveys to impacted local governments, andreflected the results in its decisions on locations requiring emergency
countermeasures according to the degree of risk, the installation ofemergency structures as emergency measures, and in warning and1

evacuation decisions.
On slopes near Aso Bridge, where countermeasuresusing advanced technologies were necessary, large-scalecollapsed ground, or where a national highway or railway
track at the foot of a collapsed slope had to be restored,
for example, they gave technical support by attending
technology study meetings held by the Kyushu Regional
Development Bureau.
In this season, the risk of a typhoon is high. Where theearthquake shaking had been particularly strong, theyurged people to pay close attention to rainfall and prepare
to evacuate quickly.

destruction of buildings based on the survey results, including thecontents of the building damage survey that had been carried out by
the Architectural Institute of Japan. As they clarify the relationshipwith present building standards by taking advantage of specializedpractical knowledge, they are performing an analysis which they arescheduled to complete in mid September.

Details * State of NILIM disaster surveys and technical support

Photo 1. Surveying cracking caused by the Photo 2. Large-scale collapsed slope nearearthquake
Aso Bridge

Road Traffic Department and Road Structures Department

Immediately after the foreshock, in collaborationwith the PWRI and other organizations as TECFORCE etc., the NILIM began efforts to grasp thedamage to road structures and technical support
to restore functions of roads needed to transportrelief goods.

Technical guidance by NILIM and PWRI

Contribution to smooth transport of relief goods from theMashiki-Kumamotokuko IC to the disaster districts in thecenter of Mashiki Town and elsewhere

Road section open to transport of relief goods

Response to road structure damage

Ueki IC

Building damage and response
The NILIM carried out an on-site survey jointly with theBuilding Research Institute immediately after the Kumamoto
Earthquake, and based on the results, a committee of academic
experts analyzed the causes of building damage.
After the Kumamoto Earthquake, the Building Department carried
surveys 1 to 13 centered on Kumamoto City and Mashiki Town, etc.
in Kumamoto Prefecture where many buildings had been damaged, incollaboration with the Building Research Institute (at the end of July2016). To carry out the survey, experts on wooden construction, steel
frame construction, reinforced concrete construction, non-structural
2Kyushu Expressway

Closed road section

The Road Traffic Department and Road View of damage (road subsidence)
Kumamoto IC
Structures Department began surveys to clarify thedamage to road structures immediately after theMashiki-Kumamoto Kuko IC
Section where emergency
foreshock, and confirmed the following.
restoration is completed
・ Regarding road bridges, deformation of thesurrounding ground caused collapse and otherdamage that require advanced technologies fortheir restoration. Among expressway overpasses,
those with unique pier structures suffered tiltingof piers or collapse that required removal, etc.
View of restoration (road subsidence)・ On road embankments, collapses were detected
at locations adjacent to wetland, the edges ofterraces, or bodies of water. In addition, largescale sediment collapse caused by strong
earthquake motion, as well as bedrock collapse
and fallen rocks were recognized at many
Yatsushiro IC
locations on both natural- and cut slopes.
・ In the Tawarayama Tunnel on Prefectural
Photo Technical guidance with
Highway 28, swelling occurred, accompanied byemergency restoration
Figure Smooth transport ensured by emergency restoration
the collapse of lining concrete.
(From a Road Bureau press release)(From a Road Bureau press release)・ In the section of the emergency transport road,Prefectural Highway 28, inside Mashiki Town,
technical support during the phase of full recovery, and also carry out
many power poles tilted. In Mashiki Town and in Minami Ward ofdetailed surveys and analysis of the damage, including examination
Kumamoto City where liquefaction was detected, power poles sunkof technical challenges based on the state of damage caused by theinto the ground by several tens of centimeters.
earthquake.
Following this earthquake, in addition to surveys to clarify damage
to road structures, the NILIM provided technical support for theDetails * State of NILIM disaster surveys and technical support
emergency restoration of roads. For example, on National Highway
activities in response to the Kumamoto Earthquake
443, which was damaged by both the foreshock and the main shock,
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/kumamotojishin2016/katsudoujokyou/douro.pdf
we provided technical guidance on emergency restoration, and theroad was reopened to traffic in one week. We will continue to provide
Building Department
members, fire prevention, equipment, ground and foundations andother fields were sent to survey the state of major damage to buildings,
and phenomena assumed to have caused the damage. In addition todetailed surveys and interviews in the region, in cooperation with
the Architectural Institute of Japan, they analyzed the results of thesurvey, paying particular attention to wooden buildings.
In conjunction with these surveys, jointly with the Building
Structure Standards Committee at the NILIM and the Kumamoto
Earthquake Building Damage Survey Study Committee at theBuilding Research Institute, the Committee on Factor Analysis ofKumamoto Earthquake Building Damage consisting of academic
experts held a meeting and analyzed the causes of toppling andactivities in response to the Kumamoto EarthquakeBuilding
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/kumamotojishin2016/katsudoujokyou/kenchiku.pdf

Photo State of damage to buildings (left: wooden, right: RC)■ To improve construction site productivity – Transforming constructions sites with i-Construction
Research Center for Infrastructure Management

The NILIM is conducting research, disseminating information,and providing technical support for the widespread adoptionof i-Construction, which the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism is promoting to improve productivity atconstruction sites.

construction site and thus obtain the full effects, new machinery,technologies, information and an understanding of appropriate
standards and techniques are essential. These types of information
are now being provided by the NILIM through its website.
The NILIM will continue to carry out research to improve
productivity at construction sites.

As the working-age population shrinks, it is becoming
Details* i-Construction Promotion Headquarters website
increasingly difficult for the building construction industry to obtain
http://www.nilim.go.jp/japanese/organization/ic_honbu/indexicon.htm
new workers. Meanwhile, in the construction industry, efforts toimprove the productivity of building construction
have been slow, whereas the advance of satellite
Conventional
i-Construction
positioning technology and the introduction of ICT
have led to quality control and process control based
Topographical map prepared by aon robotics and information.
drone survey
Accordingly, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism is promoting i-Constructionin order to ensure that holidays can be taken andconstruction sites are safe, thus making construction
sites more attractive by improving productivity.
Walking around the site taking time to survey
Quickly surveying the topography over a wide area
It is also promoting greater use of ICT, optimized
each point
using drones or laser scanners
introduction, and leveling of construction period as
Speeding up the initial surveying
principal measures.
When the integrated use of ICT started in earthworks
Checking measurement
Checking 3D data on a PC
in MLITT projects in 2016, the NILIM carried out
results with documents0
the necessary technical studies to prepare draftsof new standards and techniques for construction
management, supervision and inspections. Thesestandards and techniques permit sites to be managed
by 3D data using new devices such as UAV (drones)or laser scanners. These devices will reduce the timerequired for initial surveying prior to construction
from about one week to two days, and will reducethe volume of inspection documentation when the50 pages/2 km2
1 page/site
work is completed to a few tenths that of the present
Reducing inspection documentation
volume. In order to introduce ICT throughout a■ Activities to customize Japanʼs port and harbor technical standards to Vietnamʼs needs
Administrative Coordination Department, Director for Port Engineering Policy Analysis, Port and Harbor Department, Port Facilities Division
We are researching methods of customizing Japanʼs port technicalstandards to suit conditions in other countries, and making efforts toreflect our standards in Vietnamʼs national standards.
To support the provision of infrastructure in developing countries,
including those in Asia where robust demand for infrastructure ispredicted, and to assist Japanese companies to expand overseas, weare developing methods that can be used to customize Japanʼs port
and harbor technical standards to suit the natural conditions as wellas the technological and economic level of each country, and are

Photo: Experts meeting (Hanoi in Feb. 2016)3