REDD-plus Start-up Year 2020 – Roadmap to Result-based andTransferable Outcomes for Sustainable Development(International Seminar)
Tokyo University, Japan
21 January 2020

The Road to REDD+: Papua New Guinea’s Challenges andOpportunities
Dr. Ruth C H Turia
Director- Forest Policy and Planning
PNG Forest Authority, Papua New Guinea
Email: rturia@pngfa.gov.pg

Climate Change is a Problem??
• Potential to cause increase in
extreme weather• Increase in intensity ofstorms• Increase intensity of heatwaves• Rising sea levels• Unpredictable weather• Damage to infrastructure• Damage to crops andlivelihoods

Forests are important• Support Ecosystems andHabitats• Protect Watershed Areas• Supports Biodiversity• Purifies the Air• Enrich the Soil
• Regulates the Water Cycle• Medicinal Value• Economic Significance• Stabilize Climate

PNG Forests & Climate Change• Largest rainforest in the Asia-Pacificregion and the third largest rainforest inthe world• Contributes to carbon
sequestration (storage) inplants, soils and the ocean hence the push for REDD+;• PNG’s forests are relatively wellconserved however, theirunsustainable use represent acritical environmental, socialand economic concern

Context – Existing Emissions• PNG has significant
emissions from the forest
sector at close to 40mtCO2e
per annum – over 3x that of
the energy sector

35,000,000
30,000,000
25,000,000

Degradation

20,000,000

Enhancement
Deforestation

15,000,000

10,000,000
5,000,000

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

02001

• Emissions are also projected
to rise based on both ahistoric trend and existingdevelopments

40,000,000

Emissions tCoe2• LULUCF sector has also
moved from a net sink to a
net source of emissions –presenting a challenge toachieving PNG’scommitments under Vision
2050 and DSP2010-2030

45,000,000

Challenge for PNG• Maintaining a strong forest
sector whilst protecting andmanaging our forests

What is PNG doing?

PNG taken a global lead to combat climate change

COP 11

COP 15

2005
PNG & Costa
Rica introduce
the Reducing
emissions fromDeforestation
Agenda (RED)2009
Enhancementof Forest
Carbon Stocks
becomeseligible forcompensation
expanding to
REDD+

2006
RED expandedto REDD toinclude forest
degradation

COP 12

COP 19COP 242013
Agreement on Warsaw
Framework for REDD+ including
guidance in MRV, safeguards,reference levels, drivers ofdeforestation and results-based
finance2010
Agreement on
seven
safeguards
Agreement on
nationalstrategies,reference levels
and monitoring
systems

COP 16

2018
Paris rulebook- Rules forvoluntary
marketmechanism

2015
REDD+
included as a
viablemitigation
option underarticle 6 of the
ParisAgreement

COP 21

What has PNG been doing?

2008• Establishment of OCCES

2009• Forestry and Climate Change Framework

2010

REDD+ development has been
an ongoing process and NRS
draws on this experience andinformation.
Studies on:• Forest Sector Finance• Agricultural commodities• Development of an SIS• Land cover mapping

Development of Issues andOptions Paper
Meetings of TWCs

201120142015201620172018• OCCD established• Climate Compatible DevelopmentStrategy• Start of UN-REDD National Programme inPNG••••

Start of FRL development CE Assessment
Passing of StaRS
Passing of CEPA Act
Climate Compatible Development
Management Policy approved• Start of FCPF Project• Passing of Climate Change Management
Act• Launch of National Forest Inventory• Transition from OCCD to CCDA
• Submission of National FRL• Endorsement of National REDD+ Strategy• Drafting of RFIP
• NSLUP consultations• Review of CCMA (2015)

Why REDD+ in
PNG/Opportunities?

Healthy forest. Strong nation. Better world.

Forest Transition Curve
Bhutan,Gabon,Suriname
PNG

ECONOMIC GROWTH

REDD+Forest
coverMyanmar
Indonesia
Cameroon

Stabilization
India, Bangladesh

China
Costa Rica
Vietnam0%Time

Look at what is causing loss / degradation of forest?
Identify how we improve the management of these things toreduce their impacts on forests and increase benefits to PNG?
Drivers of forest cover loss:
Commercial logging
Commercial agriculture
Family agriculture
Activities to protect improveforests:
Reforestation / plantations
Conservation of forest areas• Drivers are not negative, they playa key role in economy and societyof PNG• Target is to ensure that PNG isutilising its resources in mosteffective way to maximise
development impacts and reduce
long term costs

GoPNG Developed a NRS• CCDA with partner agencies(PNGFA, DNPM, CEPA, DAL) todevelop a:
National REDD+ Strategy• NRS provides the strategic direction• A 10-year time frame• Based on all REDD+ work from past
6 years• Does not provide a budget ofactions• Needs a supporting action plan
• Two Sections:• REDD+ Development in PNG REDD+REDD+ Vision and Approach

Structure of NRS
Strengthened
NationalDevelopment andLand Use Planning

Component 1:
REDD+Actions:
Policies andMeasures

Strengthened
Environmental
Management,
Enforcement andProtection
Enhanced Economic
Productivity andSustainable
Livelihoods

Component 2:
REDD+Coordination
and Reporting

Coordination of
MRV, NFMS,
Safeguards, NRS
Financing• Strengthened and Coordinated National Level Development
and Land Use Planning• Integrated Subnational Planning• Strengthening climate change legislation, financing andmanagement• Strengthening forest management and enforcement
practices• Strengthening environmental management, enforcement
and protection• Strengthening access to information and recourse
mechanisms• Development of a sustainable commercial agriculture sector• Strengthened food security and increased productivity offamily agriculture• Have in place key elements of Warsaw framework as
well as elements needed to ensure no double counting
and effective financial management.

Core Components for REDD+RBP

Results based finance could be significant - e.g. 5 mill tonne
reduction * USD5 but could be higher
Source: National REDD+ Strategy

What do we need to get there• Clear governancecoordination arrangements• A clear plan and pipeline ofinvestment opportunities• Guiding standards andprinciples to promote
investment• Systems and structures tomonitor and report on actions• Systems and structures tomanage finance

CCDA is working with DNPM on central
coordination arrangements
NRS and RFIP present a national approach – further
work is needed to develop priority investments on theground

Action being taken across sectors ;REDD+ standards
and guidance, and preparing for Article 6, work on Palm
Oil Platform, work on Timber Legality Standard
CCDA with PNGFA working on strengthening the MRV
capacity for forest areas, developing a registry for
subnational activities. This includes the capacity that
had been built through the 2 JICA Projects
implemented with PNGFA.
Work being done to assess options for financial
management structures including trust funds andpotential benefit sharing structures

Forestry Sector - How to get there?
Look at options to encourage forest industry to:•Reduce primary forest areas being harvested•

Strengthen practices to reduce impact of harvesting•

Enhance levels of plantation development•

Help communities transition from a reliance onroyalties to sustainable businesses potentiallyincluding timber processing

Summary
CC is happening and it is a threat• PNG has significant emissions from the forest sector at close
to 40mtCO2e per annum – over 3x that of the energy sector•

challenge for PNG - maintaining a strong forest sector vsprotection and managing forests• what is PNG doing - NRS development, FRL, NFMS, SIS part of action under UNFCCC• Future action - based on this PNG is working towards
accessing results based finance under UNFCCC and is also
considering subnational action (likely at jurisdiction scale) • Results based finance could be significant•