READING LIST

Module 1 - Scene setting: context, history and mechanisms
International Security and Arms Control
Key readings:
New Agenda for Peace, July 2023, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/our-commonagenda-policy-brief-new-agenda-for-peace-en.pdf.
Gender & Disarmament Resource Pack for Multilateral Practitioners, May 2022,
https://unidir.org/publication/gender-disarmament-resource-pack.
Other readings:
UN Disarmament Agenda: Securing Our Common Future, UN Secretary-General Guterres,
May 2018, https://www.un.org/disarmament/sg-agenda/en/.

Conference on Disarmament (CD)Key readings:
Revitalizing the Conference on Disarmament: Workshop Report, August, 2023, UNIDIR
https://unidir.org/publication/revitalizing-conference-disarmament-workshop-report.
An
Introduction
totheConference
onDisarmament,
https://www.un.org/disarmament/conference-on-disarmament.

UNODA,

The factsheet on the Conference on Disarmament, UNODA, https://front.un-arm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/CD-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf.

Disarmament Machinery
Key reading:Introduction to Disarmament: machinery, processes and the Role of the United Nations–eLearning Module, 2019, https://www.un.org/disarmament/update/the-office-fordisarmament-affairs-launches-its-first-elearning-module-providing-an-introduction-todisarmament/.

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READING LIST
Module 1: Scene setting: Context, history and mechanisms

Other readings:
TheFirst
Committeeofhttps://www.un.org/en/ga/first/.

theUnited

Nations

GeneralTheUnited
Nations
Disarmament
https://www.un.org/disarmament/institutions/disarmament-commission/.

Assembly,
Commission,

The factsheet on the Secretary-General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters,
https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ABDM-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf.

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Module 2 - Weapons of Mass Destruction

Arms Control
Woolf, A. F. 2023. “The Past and Future of Bilateral Nuclear Arms Control”. Geneva,
Switzerland: UNIDIR. https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/23/DDAC/01.
Dunn, L 2022. “The Disarmament, Arms Control, and Non-Proliferation Implications of theRussian Invasion of Ukraine – and What Next for Reducing Global Nuclear Dangers”. Geneva,
Switzerland: UNIDIR. https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/22/DDAC/01.
Jessica Rogers, Matt Korda, and Hans M. Kristensen, “The Long View: Strategic Arms Control
after the New START Treaty,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 78, no. 6 (November 2, 2022):
347–68, https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2022.2133287.

Biological Weapons
UNODA Fact Sheet on the Biological Weapons Convention https://front.un-arm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/BWC-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf.
J. Revill, J. Borrie and R. Lennane, Back to the Future for Verification in the Biological
Disarmament Regime? UNIDIR, Geneva, 2022. https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/21/BWC/02.
Dan Gerstein, “Could the bioweapons treaty be another tool for addressing pandemics?”
https://thebulletin.org/2021/03/could-the-bioweapons-treaty-be-another-tool-foraddressing-pandemics/
The Biological Weapons Convention, an Introduction, BWC ISU (2017) UNODA
https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/The-BWC-An-Introduction.pdf
Warmbrod. L, Revill. J & Connell. N. 2020. "Advances in Science and Technology in the Life
Sciences and their Implications for Biosecurity and Arms Control.” Geneva, Switzerland:
UNIDIR https://doi.org/10.37559/SecTec/20/01
Chris Bakerlee, Steph Guerra, Christine Parthemore, Damien Soghoian, and Jacob Swett,“CommonMisconceptions
About
BiologicalWeapons”
https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Common-MisconceptionsAbout-Biological-Weapons_BRIEFER-12_2020_12_7.pdf
Chaturvedi, Sachin, “Post-COVID-19 Development and Global Governance: The Emerging Roleof Science and Technology” https://oecd-development-matters.org/2020/09/10/post-covid19-development-and-global-governance-the-emerging-role-of-science-and-technology/
Renata Hessmann Dalaqua, James Revill, Alastair Hay, and Nancy Connell, Missing Links:
Understanding Sex-and Gender-related Impacts of Chemical and Biological Weapons, 2019https://www.unidir.org/publication/missing-links-understanding-sex-and-gender-relatedimpacts-chemical-and-biological

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READING LIST
Module 2: Weapons of Mass Destruction
Kolja Brockmann, Sibylle Bauer and Vincent Boulanin, Bio Plus X: Arms Control and theConvergence of Biology and Emerging Technologies, SIPRI, March 2019https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2019-03/sipri2019_bioplusx_0.pdf

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
Nuclear Testing and Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) Timeline, Arms Control
Association, June 2019 https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Nuclear-Testing-andComprehensive-Test-Ban-Treaty-CTBT-Timeline
O Dahlman, F Ringdal, J Mackby & S Mykkeltveit, The inside story of the Group of ScientificExperts and its key role in developing the CTBT verification regime, The Non-proliferation
Review,
3June
2020,
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10736700.2020.1764717

Chemical Weapons
Alexander Ghionis, Alexander Kelle and María Garzón Maceda, 2023 “Preparing for Success atthe Fifth Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention: A Guide to the Issues”,
UNIDIR, Geneva, 2023. https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/23/CWC/01
Ralf Trapp & Cheng Tang, “Enhancing the Management and Enforcement of Compliance in theRegime
Prohibiting
ChemicalWeapons”,
UNIDIR,
Geneva,2021,
https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/21/CWC/01

Fissile Materials
Pavel Podvig, “Fissile Material (Cut-off) Treaty: Elements of the Emerging Consensus”(UNIDIR, 2016), http://www.unidir.org/files/publications/pdfs/fissile-material-cut-off-treatyelements-of-the-emerging-consensus-en-650.pdf
Pavel Podvig, Fissile Material (Cut-off) Treaty: Definitions, Verification, and Scope, 8 August
2016 https://www.unidir.org/publication/fissile-material-cut-treaty-definitions-verificationand-scope

NPTThomas Markram & Gaukhar Mukhatzhanova, Further Strengthening the NPT Review Process:
Reflections and Recommendations. VCDNP, 2023. Further Strengthening the NPT Review
Process: Reflections and Recommendations - Vienna Center for Disarmament andNon-Proliferation (vcdnp.org)

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READING LIST
Module 2: Weapons of Mass Destruction

Nuclear Disarmament Verification
UN, Final report of the Second Group of Governmental Experts to further consider nuclear
disarmament verification issues.
Tim Caughley, Nuclear Disarmament Verification: Survey of Verification Mechanisms, 5October 2016 https://www.unidir.org/publication/nuclear-disarmament-verification-surveyverification-mechanisms
UNIDIR, Illustrative Compendium of Past and Present Verification Practices.

Nuclear Risk Reduction
Wilfred Wan; Contributions by John Borrie, Hassan Elbahtimy, Ulrich Kühn, Tanya OgilvieWhite, Ankit Panda, and Manpreet Sethi, Nuclear Risk Reduction: Closing Pathways to Use,UNIDIR publication, 20 April 2020 https://www.unidir.org/publication/nuclear-riskreduction-closing-pathways-use
Dunn, L 2022. “The Disarmament, Arms Control, and Non-Proliferation Implications of theRussian Invasion of Ukraine – and What Next for Reducing Global Nuclear Dangers”. Geneva,
Switzerland: UNIDIR. https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/22/DDAC/01.
Wilfred Wan, Nuclear Risk Reduction: A Framework for Analysis, UNIDIR publication, 28 June
2019. https://www.unidir.org/publication/nuclear-risk-reduction-framework-analysisSafeguards
Olli Heinonen, IAEA Mechanisms to Ensure Compliance with NPT Safeguards, March 2020
https://www.unidir.org/publication/iaea-mechanisms-ensure-compliance-npt-safeguards
IAEA Safeguards (see NPT art. III), Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) commentary:https://media.nti.org/documents/NTI_Paper_Safeguards_FINAL_5-8-20.pdf

UNSGM
UNODA, Fact Sheet: The Secretary-General’s Mechanism for Investigation of Alleged Use ofChemical and Biological Weapon. SGM-Fact-Sheet-Jan2023.pdf (un-arm.org)

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Module 3 – Conventional Weapons

Conventional weapons: GeneralKey reading:Integrating Conventional Arms Control into Conflict Prevention- “Good Offices and Guns”,
Simon Yazgi, UNIDIR Commentary, June 2020, https://unidir.org/commentary/good-officesand-guns
Other readings:
The Impact of Poorly Regulated Arms Transfers on the Work of the United Nations, UNODA
OccasionalPapers–No.
23,
March2013
ISBN:
978-92-1-142292-4,
https://www.un.org/disarmament/publications/occasionalpapers/no-23/
Alternative Approaches in Multilateral Decision Making: Disarmament as Humanitarian Action,edited and contributed to by John Borrie and Vanessa Martin Randin as well as by R. Couplandand P. McCarthy, 23 May 2005, https://unidir.org/publication/alternative-approachesmultilateral-decision-making-disarmament-humanitarian-action
Reaching Critical Will, https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/
ICRC IHL databases, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-search.nsf/content.xsp

Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) a.k.a. Inhumane Weapons Convention
Key reading:1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Legal Factsheet, 4 December 2019,https://www.icrc.org/en/document/1980-convention-certain-conventional-weapons
Other readings:
UNODA
CCW
Factsheet,January
2020,
content/uploads/2021/01/CCW-Fact-Sheet-Jan2021.pdf

https://front.un-arm.org/wp-

Anti-personnel landmine Ban Convention (APMBC)
Key reading:
An international ban on anti-personnel mines: History and negotiation of the "Ottawa
Treaty", Stuart Maslen, Peter Herby, (article, International Review of the Red Cross, No. 325),
31 December 1998,
https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/article/other/57jpjn.htm

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READING LIST
Module 3: Conventional Weapons
Other readings:
UNODA Occasional paper No. 34, The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention: 20 Years ofSaving Lives and Preventing Indiscriminate Harm, https://www.un.org/disarmament/wpcontent/uploads/2019/11/OP-34-web1.pdf
Gender mainstreaming in mine action: Powerful interlinkages for progress across the SDGs,
Laura Biscaglia, Vanessa Gomes Sampaio, Ursign Hofmann, Marion Provencher Langlois
GICHD, December 2018,https://www.gichd.org/en/resources/publications/detail/publication/gendermainstreaming-in-mine-action-powerful-linkages-for-progress-across-the-sdgs/
Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor, http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/home.aspx

Cluster Munitions Convention (CCM)
Key reading:Unacceptable Harm - A History of How the Treaty to Ban Cluster Munitions was Won, 2009,
John Borrie, UNIDIR, 14 December 2009, https://www.unidir.org/publication/unacceptableharm-history-how-treaty-ban-cluster-munitions-was-won
Other readings:
A Guide to Cluster Munitions, GICHD/CCM ISU, May 2016,
https://www.clusterconvention.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A-Guide-to-ClusterMunitions.pdf
Domestic Measures to Implement the Convention on Cluster Munitions, ICRC, 3 June 2020,
https://www.icrc.org/en/document/domestic-measures-implement-convention-clustermunitions

Arms Trade Treaty
Key reading:Arms Trade Treaty Universalization Toolkit, ATT Secretariat,
ATT/CSP5.WGTU/2019/CHAIR/532/Conf.Rep, 26 July 2019,https://thearmstradetreaty.org/hyperimages/file/ATT_CSP5_ATT%20Universalization%20Toolkit%20(Annex%20A%20to%20WGTU%20Cochairs%20Draft%20Report%20to%20CSP5)/ATT_CSP5_ATT%20Universalization%20Toolkit%
20(Annex%20A%20to%20WGTU%20Co-chairs%20Draft%20Report%20to%20CSP5).pdf
Strengthening Shared Understanding on the Impact of the ATT in Addressing Risks ofDiversion in Arms Transfers: A Compendium of Key Resources and Tools, UNIDIR, 9 February
2023 Strengthening Shared Understanding on the Impact of the ATT in Addressing Risks ofDiversion in Arms Transfers: A Compendium of Key Resources and Tools | UNIDIR

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READING LIST
Module 3: Conventional Weapons
Other readings:
The Arms Trade Treaty: A Practical Guide to National Implementation, Sarah Parker, Small
Arms Survey, 2016, https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/resource/arms-trade-treaty-practicalguide-national-implementation
The Arms Trade Treaty: Assessing its Impact on Countering Diversion, Brian Wood, 24 August
2022, The Arms Trade Treaty: Assessing its Impact on Countering Diversion | UNIDIR
Reinvigorating the Narrative: The Broader Benefits of the Arms Trade Treaty, Centre forArmed Violence Reduction, 2017. (Booklet) https://armedviolencereduction.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/09/Spano-Alpers-CAVR-BBB-Broader-Benefits-of-the-Arms-TradeTreaty-Booklet-EN.pdf (Fullreport) https://armedviolencereduction.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/09/Spano-Alpers-CAVR-BBB-Broader-Benefits-of-the-Arms-TradeTreaty-1.pdf
Arms Trade Treaty Monitor, https://attmonitor.org/en/

Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas (EWIPA)
Key reading:
EWIPA Political Declaration Protecting Civilians in Urban Warfare - Department of Foreign
Affairs (dfa.ie)
ICRC article on Explosive Weapons with Wide Area Effects: a Deadly Choice in Populated
Areas, ewipa_explosive_weapons_with_wide_area_effect_final.pdf
Protecting Civilians from the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas - Briefing Paper,
International Network on Explosive Weapons, May 2020
http://www.inew.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/INEW-2020-BRIEF-1.pdf
Other readings:
Opportunities to strengthen lines of action and military practices to reduce damage tocivilians from explosive weapons, Roger Lane and Himayu Shiotani, UNIDIR publication, April,
2020, https://www.unidir.org/publication/opportunities-strengthen-military-policies-andpractices-reduce-civilian-harm-explosive
Factsheet: Gendered Impacts of EWIPA, UNIDIR, 2021,
https://unidir.org/publication/gendered-impacts-explosive-weapons-populated-areas
Urban Conflict & Targeting: A Special Problem for Protection, Roger Lane, Simon Karanja,Larry Lewis, Himayu Shiotani, Einas Mohammed, 29 May 2020,
https://unidir.org/publication/urban-conflict-targeting-special-problem-protection

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READING LIST
Module 3: Conventional Weapons

Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW)Key readings:
A Guide to the UN Small Arms Process, 2016, Sarah Parker with Marcus Wilson, Small Arms
Survey, http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/Q-Handbooks/HB-02-DiploGuide/SAS-HB02-Guide-UN-Small-Arms-Process.pdf
Other readings:
Outcome of the Eighth Biennial Meeting of States to Consider the Implementation of theProgramme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit trade in Small Arms and Light
Weapons in All Its Aspects, N2241744.pdf (un.org)
International Action Network on Small Arms, https://iansa.org/
Small Arms Survey, https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/
UN Programme of Action on small arms and light weapons, Reaching Critical Will,https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/disarmament-fora/salw

Conventional Ammunition
Key readings:
Conventional Ammunition Management Gap Analysis, Manuel Martínez Miralles and Anna
Mensah, UNIDIR, https://unidir.org/publication/conventional-ammunition-managementgap-analysis
Final report of the open-ended working group to elaborate a set of political commitments as
a new global framework that will address existing gaps in through-life ammunition
management, June 2023, N2317381.pdf (un.org)
Other readings:
Report of the Group of Governmental Experts established pursuant to General Assembly
resolution 72/55 on problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition
stockpiles in surplus, September 2021, N2125257.pdf (un.org)

IEDsKey readings:
A/RES/77/64, “Countering the threat posed by improvised explosive devices: resolution /adopted by the General Assembly”, 7 December 2022,
https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3997090?ln=en
Bob Seddon and Alfredo Malaret, "Counter-IED Capability Maturity Model and SelfAssessment Tool", UNIDIR, 24 June 2020, https://unidir.org/publication/counter-iedcapability-maturity-model-and-self-assessment-tool

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Module 4 – Space & Missiles
SpaceKey readings:
Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 7: For All Humanity – the Future of Outer Space Governancehttps://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/our-common-agenda-policy-brief-outer-spaceen.pdf
UN Disarmament Commission Working Group II recommendations to promote the practicalimplementation of transparency and confidence-building measures in outer space activities
with the goal of preventing an arms race in outer space – https://docslibrary.unoda.org/United_Nations_Disarmament_Commission__(2023)/Recommendations_UNDC_WG_II_AS_ADOPTED.pdf
Report of the Secretary-General on Further practical measures for the prevention of an arms
race in outer space (A/77/80) https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3980975?ln=en
Report of the Secretary-General on reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles
of responsible behaviours (A/76/77) – https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3934709?ln=en
Open-ended Working Group on Reducing Space Threats through Norms, Rules and Principles
of Responsible Behaviours, Threats to the security of space activities and systems, UNIDIR, (12Sept.
2022),(A/AC.294/2022/WP.16)–
https://documents.unoda.org/wpcontent/uploads/2022/08/20220817_A_AC294_2022_WP16_E_UNIDIR.pdf
Other readings:
Jessica West & Almudena Azcárate Ortega, Space Dossier 7 - Norms for Outer Space: A Small
SteporaGiantLeapforPolicymaking?,UNIDIR(2022)– https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/22/Space/01
Almudena Azcárate Ortega, Laetitia Cesari & James Revill, Space Dossier 8 - Constant Vigilance?
VerificationandMonitoringforSpace
Security,UNIDIR,(2023)– https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/23/Space/04

MissilesKey readings:
The issue of missiles in all its aspects: Report of the Secretary General, 2002 (A/57/229)
https://www.undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2F57%2F229&Language=E&Device
Type=Desktop&LangRequested=False
The issue of missiles in all its aspects: Report of the Secretary General, 2008 (A/63/176)
https://www.undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2F63%2F176&Language=E&Device
Type=Desktop&LangRequested=False

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READING LIST
Module 4: Space & Missiles
Other readings:
The Implications of Hypersonic Weapons for International Stability and Arms Control: Reportona
UNIDIR-UNODA
Turn-based
Exercise,September
2019
https://www.unidir.org/publication/implications-hypersonic-weapons-internationalstability-and-arms-control-report-unidir
UNODA Short Course Series – Missiles
https://www.disarmamenteducation.org/index.php?go=education&do=training-missiles
CHAPTER 4: Space launch vehicles and ballistic missiles, Almudena Azcárate Ortega andDmitry Stefanovich in Podvig, Pavel (ed.). 2022. Exploring Options for Missile Verification.
Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDIR. https://doi.org/10.37559/WMD/22/Misver/01

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Module 5 – ICT, AI & Cyber
Artificial intelligence
Key readings:
Towards Responsible AI in Defence: A Mapping and Comparative Analysis of AI Principles
Adopted by States, Alisha Anand, Harry Deng, link
Other readings:
The 2022 Innovations Dialogue: AI Disruption, Peace and Security (Conference Report),
Alisha Anand and Wenting He, linkCyber
Key readings:
Use of ICTs by States: Rights and Responsibilities Under the UN Charter, UNIDIR Security andTechnology Programme, link
Unpacking Cyber Capacity-Building Needs: Part I. Mapping the Foundational Cyber
Capabilities, Samuele Dominioni and Giacomo Persi Paoli, link
Other readings:
Unpacking Cyber Capacity-Building Needs: Part II. Introducing a Threat-Based Approach,
Samuele Dominioni and Giacomo Persi Paoli, link
Wading Murky Waters: Subsea Communications Cables and Responsible State Behaviour,
Camino Kavanagh, link

LAWS
Key readings:
Proposals Related to Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons
Systems: A Resource Paper (updated), Alisha Anand, Ioana Puscas, link
Non-exhaustive compilation of definitions and characterizations, Implementation Support
Unit, Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, link

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