International Technical Seminar
Toward developing a framework of global REDD+-Scaling up of demonstration activities and integrating players’ roles –REDD+ Readiness Activities byPapua New Guinea Forest Authority
7th February 2012at Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Constin Bigol
Bruno Kuroh
National Forest Service, PNG Forest Authority
Papua New Guinea

Contents of this presentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

PNG and its Forest
Role of PNG Forest Authority (PNGFA)
Rate of Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Activities initiated by PNGFA
Proposed REDD+ activities
Forestry concessions and REDD+ pilots
Challenges and Possible Solutions for PNG- JICA Technical Cooperation & Grant Aid -8. Satellite Remote Sensing for Activity Data
9. Canopy Volume Estimation for Emission Factor
10. Field survey implemented by Forest Research Institute(FRI)
11. New National Forest Resource Management Database21. PNG and its forest (1)1. PNG and its forest (2)Population

Land Area
Forest Area
1990
2010

Papua New
Guinea6.1 million

Remarks
800+Languages

45 million ha
32 million ha
29 million ha

Of which- Planted Forest

90 thousand ha

Growing Stock

2.7 billion m3Comparisonto Japan
1/20

X 1.2
X 1.2
3 million hadecrease in 20years
1/100≑ 90m3/ha

Source: UN-REDD National Programme Document, FAO FRA 2010 National Report, etc.
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2. Role of PNG Forest Authority (PNGFA)• PNGFA is mandated to manage forest resources.
Its operations are governed by the;– The National Forest Development Guidelines 2009
– The 1991 Forest Policy,– Forestry Act 1991 (as amended),– 2008-2012 PNGFA Corporate Plan
– Forest Regulations,– National Forest Plans (19 Provincial Forest Plans)– PNG LCOP and– 24 Key Standards– Forestry and Climate Change Framework for Action
2009-20155

3. Rate and Causes of Deforestation andForest Degradation in PNG- 1.41% of PNG’s forest were being deforested or degraded per year.
- The major causes of deforestation and forest degradation in PNG
have been logging and subsistence agriculture.
Forest andGrassland Fires,
4.4%

Commercial
Agriculture,
1.0%

Subsistence
Agriculture,
45.6%

Mining,Infrastructureand Urban
Expansion, 0.8%

TimberHarvesting,
48.2%

Shearman et al, 2008

64. Activities initiated by PNGFA
Between 2007-2011, the PNGFA has initiated the following
activities to address REDD+ initiatives :Activities
Review ofProvincial ForestPlans

After COP 13 in Bali, Indonesia in 2007, the PNGFA began reviewing all
the 19 Provincial Forest Plans to include REDD+ initiatives in the Plans

Restructure of thePNGFAIn 2008/2009, a major restructure was conducted which saw thecreation of new Branch and Program Unit to address climate change
issuesNew Policy
Initiatives

Forestry and Climate Change Framework for Action 2009-2015 which is
focusing on REDD+ initiatives was established in 2009

Selection ofREDD+ Pilot Sites

The PNGFA in 2008 initiated a small working group comprising of thestaff from Universities (UPNG and UNITECH) and PNGFA including FRI(Forest Research Institute) to select pilot provinces and possible pilot
sites

Selection ofREDD+ Activities

The small working group proposed suitable activities for each Pilot Site
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5. Proposed REDD+ Activities in PNG
Province

Vegetation Type

Proposed Activities

1 EasternHighlands

Glass land
Lower Montane Forest•Afforestation of grassland areas (10,000 – 20,000 ha)•Forest conservation (5,000 – 10,000 ha)

2 West New
BritainLow Altitude Forest onUplands•Secondary Forest Management (100,000 – 150,000 ha)•Afforestation / Reforestation (40,000 – 50,000 ha)

3 Milne Bay

Low Altitude Forest onUplands•Reduced Impact Logging (60,000 ha)

4 West Sepik

Glass land
Low Altitude Forest on
Plains and Fans

•Afforestation / Reforestation (40,000 – 50,000 ha)•Forest Conservation (100,000 – 200,000 ha)

5 East Sepik

Low Altitude Forest on
Uplands•Conversion of proposed logging Area to REDD+ Pilot Area
(343,900 ha)•REDD+ activities will be determined after a development
option study8

6. Current and Proposed Forestry Concessions withthe Proposed REDD+ Pilots in PNG
45123
Pilot Study Area
97. Challenges and Possible Solutions for PNG- JICA Technical Cooperation & Grant Aid 【To-Be】
1. National forest
resource basemap isdeveloped & utilized【To-Be】
2. National level forest
resource GIS/Databaseis developed & utilized【To-Be】
3. Carbon/Biomass stock
is estimated.

【Problem】
・PNGFA does nothave data andfacility to develop
・Need time todevelop national
level map

【Problem】
・The work flow does
not fit with FIMS
any more•Existing data are
not well compiled
into the system【Problem】
・More than 90 % ofPNG land iscustomary land
•No access road to
do field survey forwhole country【As-Is】
1. National level forest
basemap is notdeveloped since 1972

【As-Is】
2. FIMS (Forest Inventory
Mapping System) is not
updated since 1998

【As-Is】
3. Carbon stock
estimation is necessary
but no good data for it

Problem

As-Is (Current)

Estimation/Modelinghaあたり材積（kg/ha）

Forest Basemap

To-Be (Goals)

R2 = 0.8345

haあたり空間体積（m3/ha）Satellite Imagery

Forest Resource Information
Management Database System

Airborne Data10

8. Satellite Remote Sensing for Activity Data (1)-Satellite Coverage and Example of Landcover (logged over area)Coverage in the past (Single Satellite)

LANDSAT 2000 (30m)

Coverage 2010 (Constellation Satellites)

RapidEye 2010 (5m)

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8. Satellite Remote Sensing for Activity Data (2)- Basemap Development & Change Detection (2D Area Base) Interpretation Practice for Basemap Development => Land-cover Classification

Existing Map

Rapid EyePALSAR

Preliminary Process/Analysis for Change Detection => Land-cover Monitoring2007 PALSAR

2010 PALSAR

Change Analysis
129. Canopy Volume Estimation for Emission Factor (1)• It is difficult to implement field survey for wide area (land-owner issue & accessibility)• It is difficult to measure tree height accurately in forest due to high density of forest• In addition to 2D area analysis by satellite, 3D volume analysis by airborne is desired
Digital Surface Model (DSM)

What is Canopy Volume?

haあたり材積
Stand Volume（kg/ha）

Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
R2 = 0.8345

Canopy Volume

haあたり空間体積（m3/ha）
Canopy Volume

Stand Volume

Correlation Analysis of Canopy Volume
and Stand Volume

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9. Canopy Volume Estimation for Emission Factor (2)• GeoSAR X-band and P-band DEM were collected for whole mainland of PNG in 2006
• Necessary for calibration using existing PNGFA inventory and some additional data
• New GeoSAR will be collected for sample areas over REDD+ pilot activities in 2012
GeoSAR Surveying

GeoSAR Flight Plan 2012

Difference of X, L, P band

DSM - DTM

Mountain Conservation Area

Flat Logged over Area

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9. Canopy Volume Estimation for EF (3)- Result of trial process/analysis of existing GeoSAR 2006 Profile Graph Title
3530
2520
15
100500

1,000

1,500

2,000

Profile Graph Subtitle

1510. Biomass/Carbon Survey implemented byForest Research Institute (FRI)PSP PINFORM Model – growth simulation Application ofReduced Impact Logging• Harvesting Scenario testing and forecasting sustainability

Soil and litter sampling covering PSP to date• 18 PSP (Permanent Sample Plot) covering 7 provinces , 634 soil samples and168 litter• Soil carbon 45.2- 113.0 tC/ha from some part of PNG (Kui, Danar- Madang
Province and Watut – Morobe Province)

Carbon estimates from PSP and Inventory• PSP estimates by J.Fox et 2010, 66.3MgC/ha logged forest and 106.3MgC/hain unlogged forest• Methodology Testing in West New Britain- Circular Plots, 179.55 tC/ha(trees>5cm)
1610. Biomass/Carbon Survey implemented byForest Research Institute (FRI)

Soil Coring (Split-tube sampler)

Increments: 0-5, 5-10, 1020, 20-30 cm

Grinding of mineral soil
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10. Biomass/Carbon Survey implemented byForest Research Institute (FRI)
Mean total soil carbon stock withstandard deviations in the parenthesis
SiteSample
NoTotal Carbon stock (t/ha)

Kui1145.22(11.28)

Danar 11255.92(5.56)

Danar 31231.27(8.55)

Watut 312112.95(21.38)

Watut 79102.78(22.78)• Feasibility Study with MaxPlank Institute in 2007
– 2 Province, 5 plots , 26 quadrats– 26 Litter, 56 soils (224)– 8 months -Complete• ACIAR/FRI 2008-2009
13 plots were done in 5 provinces; 4in Manus, 2 in West New Britain, 2 inWestern Province,3 in Oro Provinceand 2 in East New Britain.
– 634 soil samples and 168 litter
samples were collected from 144
quadrates. Homgenised and await
chemical analyses
1811. Conceptual Chart of New National Forest Resource
Management Database to be built by 2014
Forest Resource Information
Management Database
PSP Survey, Other
Projects by NGO/CSOetc.

ALOS/PALSAR(2007, 2010)
Forest Base Map fromRapidEye (2010-2011)
Strip Sampling Location
MapPre and Post Logging
Inventory

DSM & DTM from GeoSAR(X&P band, 2006, 2012)

LANDSAT, some SPOT

FIM-S : Forest Inventory
Mapping System?
Production report from concessions?

National Forest
Inventory US6M?
(US1.6M
UN-REDD/FAO)
Spatial Volume (DSM-DTM)

Allometric Eq. (d ⇒G,V, ΣC）?
Natural Forest Re-Growth Model(MS Excel, 1998) ?

19Summary• The vast extent of forest in PNG has been significantly
declined for more than a couple of decades.
• PNG Forest Authority has been mandated to address
Forest Monitoring and to manage REDD+ Pilot
activities• Full utilization of Remote Sensing is the only practicalsolution in PNG for collecting activity data
• Canopy volume estimation method is a promisingtechnique for capturing emission factor (biomass andcarbon) in PNG forest for REDD+.
• The Readiness activities will also have brought
tremendous capacity development for Sustainable
Forest Management in PNG.
• Foreign supports include Japanese Grant Aid and JICA
Technical Cooperation.
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Thank you for your attention!
ご清聴ありがとうございました。

Em tasol na tenk yu turu!
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