国総研ニューズレター●●Publication (research achievements) < March, 2017-May, 2017 >NILIM News Letter

Download from here * http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/index.htm

PROJECT RESEARCH REPORT of NILIM
No.

Title of Paper

56

Research on Climate Change Adaptation in River & Coastal Management - With focusing on the results of Project
Research titled “Development of base technology to support forming a portfolio of management alternatives forlarge-scale water-related disasters under climate change” -58

Title of Paper

Names of Divisions

Model Development and Policy Analysis of Intermodal International Container Cargo Shipping Focused onSouth Asia

International Coordination
Division

TECHNICAL NOTE of NILIM
No.

Title of Paper

928

Development of the Supporting System on Making Harmonious Rules for Rebuilding in Densely Built-up Areas

Urban Development Division

931

Considerations of Level 1 Reliability Design Method for Vertically Pile-Supported Wharves under Berthing
Condition (Part 2)

Port Facilities Division932

Basic Study on Strengthening of Collaboration among Design, Construction and Maintenance of Port Facilities

Port Construction Systems andManagement Division

933

Technical Note on Strategic Maintenance of Port and Harbour Facilities～Evaluation of Inspection and Repair
Techniques～Port and Harbor Department

934

Numerical Simulations on Inundation due to Storm Surge for Port Areas in Tokyo Bay

Coastal Disaster Prevention
Division

938

B-DASH Project No.14
Guideline for introducing a technology with ICT for efficient nitrification control

Wastewater and Sludge
Management Division939

B-DASH Project No.15
Guideline for introducing ICT-based advanced process control and remote diagnosis technology for efficientwastewater treatment plant operation

Wastewater and Sludge
Management Division

941

Landscape and Ecology Division, Annual Research Report (31th)

Landscape and Ecology Division

942

Analysis of the Dimensions of Emergency Relief Ships and Corresponding Berthing Facilities after Large-Scale
Disaster - Examples of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake -Port Systems Division

943

A Route Selection Model of Japanese International Maritime Container Cargo Flow with Asia and Europe / North
America

Port Systems Division944

Study on Considerations in Design Work for Reformation of Existing Port Facilities～Protective Facilities and Mooring facilities in Port Areas～

Port Facilities Division

945

A Guidebook to Preservation and Reproduction of the View from Parks and Green Spaces

Urban Disaster Mitigation
Division

947

Report of the 1st Evaluation Committee of NILIM in FY 2016Research Administration andEvaluation Division

948

Report of the Lecture Meeting of NILIM (2015)

Planning Division

949

B-DASH Project No.13
Guideline for introducing energy-saving sewage treatment system using highly-efficient solid-liquid separation
technology and dual dissolved oxygen control

Wastewater and Sludge
Management Division

950

FY2015 Annual Report of Wastewater Management and Water Quality Control

Wastewater Systems Division,
Wastewater and Sludge
Management Division951

B-DASH Project No.12
Guideline for introducing a Technology for Advanced Pre-treated Trickling Filter System

Wastewater and Sludge
Management Division

952

The technical note about “Technical Standards for Installing Humps, Narrowings and Chicanes”

Road Division

Report on Damage to Infrastructures by The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake

Planning and Administration
Research Department, Water
Quality Control Department, RiverDepartment, Sabo Department, Road
Traffic Department, Road Structures
Department, Research Center for
Infrastructure Management

967

Names of Divisions

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Asahi 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0804, Japan(Tachihara) Tachihara 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0802, Japan(Yokosuka) Nagase 3-1-1, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0826, JapanSpring 2017TEL:+81-29-864-2754 FAX:+81-29-864-4322
http://www.nilim.go.jp/english/eindex.htm
Edited and Published by National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

No.60

国 総 研 ニ ューズ レ ター

Spring 2017

Project Leaders
Research Coordinator for
Integrated Water DisasterManagement

RESEARCH REPORT of NILIM
No.

No.60

NILIM News Letter■■The 2017 Restructuring and Opening Ceremony for the Kumamoto Earthquake Restoration
Countermeasure Laboratory

Planning and Research Administration Department, Planning Division/Administrative Coordination Department, Planningand Coordination Division/Research Center for Infrastructure Management/Kumamoto Earthquake Recovery DivisionThe NILIM has established the Kumamoto Earthquake Recovery
Division to provide rapid on-site technical support for projects
to restore damage caused by the Kumamoto earthquake. It also
strengthened necessary survey and research systems.
As part of its 2017 reorganization, the NILIM has established its
first laboratory in an affected area in order to speed up the restoration
projects after the Kumamoto earthquake. The Kumamoto Earthquake
Recovery Division is located in the same building as the Kumamoto
Reconstructing Project Office established under the Kyushu Regional
Development Bureau. The Office and the Laboratory will work
together to rapidly resolve joint projects. On April 24, they began
works with an opening ceremony held at an administrative officebuilding in Minamiasomura.
In addition, the NILIM has established the Road Safety Division in
the Road Traffic Department in order to reduce annual traffic fatalities
to below 2,500 to achieve the safest road traffic in the world by 2020,by using big data to eliminate potential dangers. It also improved theresearch system concerning large-scale interruption of road transportby heavy snowfalls that have occurred in recent years.
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism
designated 2017 as the “Year of Advance of the Productivity
Revolution,” and has been promoting “i-Construction” which will
improve productivity by incorporating ICT into all stages of public
works projects. The NILIM newly created the post of “ResearchCoordinator for Information and Construction Systems” in thePhoto 1: Unveiling of the Building Nameplate after theOpening Ceremony

Administrative Coordination Department in orderto improve productivity in building ports andairports. The NILIM also created the new post of“Research Coordinator for Coastal and MarineDisaster Prevention” in the Coastal, Marineand Disaster Prevention Department in order tominimize the growing risk of damage by storm
surges, in addition to its existing research ontsunami countermeasures.

Photo 2. Building
name plate

Details * NILIM Website (Outline of restructuring)
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/kisya/journal/kisya20170331-1.pdf
Details * NILIM Website (The opening ceremony)
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/topics/topics20170426.html■■Successfully photographing the process of breaching without overflow— Inundation failure test of a full-size river levee model—River Department, River Division

A full-size river levee model (2.6 m high) was used tosuccessfully photograph the process of seepage failure that breaches
levees without overflow.

location and the foot of the land side slope, permitting the seepage
failure process that caused the levee to be rapidly breached to be
photographed (Photo, URL). Similar smaller models have also
confirmed the same phenomenon, but because tests using full-salemodels are rarely performed, this provided valuable data.
This research will continue and its results will be reflected in design
standards and inspection rules, to improve the safety of levees.

It is assumed that a major cause of the breaching of a levee in July2012 on the Yabe River in Northern Kyushu was ‘piping’, which is
one type of seepage failure phenomenon: soil directly below the levee
Details * NILIM Website (River Division website)runs off accompanying the extension of water paths. Many aspects
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/fbg/download/movie/movie.html
of the process of occurrence of piping are unclear. To quantitatively
evaluate its course in order to identify locations
where it is likely to cause breaching, joint
View of entire land side
Enlarged view of the breachindustry-academia-government research isStream of water
being conducted to clarify the mechanisms of
seepage failure of levees. Based on the resultsof such research, conditions that encourage
Soil washed out
piping were set and hydraulic model testing
using full-size levee models was performed.
Enlarged view
During the testing, water paths formed bypiping advanced to the water side of the levees,
and the slopes on the water side caved in andPhoto: View of sudden breaching
formed pipe-shaped connections between this1■■Design Guideline for Buildings at Disaster Bases (Draft) published

Building Department

The NILIM drew up and published the Design Guideline forBuildings at Disaster Bases (Draft) in March 2017.
In the Great East Japan Earthquake, some local government buildings
suffered severe damage caused by the tsunami. Other buildings, which were
not destroyed or toppled, suffered partial but serious functional damage,such as ceiling collapse etc. as a result of seismic vibration.
In response, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
conducted the General Technology Development Project, Development ofFunctional Continuance Technology for Disaster Preparedness Facilities'Structures (FY2013–2016), and the NILIM has developed and examined various
technologies needed to maintain the functions of buildings following disasters.
This Guideline has, based on the outcomes of this research work, brought
together considerations during design to ensure that buildings that serveas bases for emergency disaster response, such as disaster countermeasure
headquarters of regional governments, can continue to function in theevent of a disaster. Local government departments concerned with disasterprotection and with buildings, plus private companies and designers
participating in the planning and design of disaster base buildings, will
be able to refer to this Guideline to supplement existing related standards.
It also contains reference documents concerning technologies that havebeen developed, and sample plans and designs of disaster base buildings

Figure: Perspective image of a ceiling
cavity with strong and stiff members
provided for flexible equipment
installation.

Photo: Loading test of a fullsize 5-floor RC building using
walls to reduce damage during
earthquakes.

constructed by using these technologies.
Providing disaster base buildings designed in accordance with thisGuideline will help the buildings to continue to serve as bases following largescale disasters and permit rapid and appropriate emergency disaster response.

Details * NILIM Website (Design Guideline for Buildings at Disaster
Bases (Draft))

http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/hbg/saigai/saigaikyotenn.htm■■Guideline on technologies to reduce inundation damage to assist facility operation in urban areas

Water Quality Control Department, Wastewater Systems Division

The NILIM has enacted a Guideline (Draft) to the introductionof technologies to operate existing wastewater treatment facilities
effectively in order to reduce urban inundation damage caused by
Guerrilla Rainfall, which has occurred often in recent years.
In order to reduce urban inundation damage caused frequently
by ‘guerrilla rainfall’ in recent years, it is necessary to develop
technology to construct a centralized system that applies ICT to thereal-time collection, prediction, and provision of information such as
the state of rainfall and water level in sewage pipes and to effectively
operate existing wastewater system facilities in cities. The NILIM has
been conducting research to validate this technology since FY2014
in the Eba District (329 ha) of Hiroshima City as a B-Dash Project(Breakthrough by Dynamic Approach in Sewage High TechnologyProject). The research studied differences in inundation damage
between cases where the existing pumps were operated as usual andcases where their operation was modified using this technology. The
results confirmed that in the district studied, it is possible to reducethe inundated area by about 14% in the case of rainfall equivalent toabout 1/3 of the annual probability of exceedance.
These research outcomes were summarized and used to compile theGuideline for introducing an operation support system for inundation
measure facilities utilizing ICT(Draft) in December 2016. Introducing
this technology will help mitigate urban inundation damage which has
occurred frequently in recent years.

Measurement:
Rainfall information, water level
information, inundation situation

Radar rainfall

Optically powered
cameraInundated area

Optical rain gauge

Collection:
Reliable and high-speed collection ofvarious types of information

Optical fiber cables
in sewer systems

Optical water level gauge

Analysis:
Inundation forecast by high-speed
simulations based on the collected
information

Collecting and monitoring rainfall, waterlevel, pump operation information

Pump operation
support information
Adjusting pump
operation
Reducing inundated area andmitigating damage

Effects:
Reducing inundated area and mitigating
damageEarly start ofpump operation

Figure 1. Outline of the technology

Details * NILIM Website (Wastewater Systems Division website)
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/ebg/b-dash.html■■Starting Joint Research to Develop New Sediment Disaster Sensors

Sabo Department, Sabo Planning Division

The NILIM and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST) began joint research in December
2016 with the goal of developing new sediment disaster sensors
featuring the latest artificial intelligence (AI) and IoT* technology.
The purpose is to resolve problems with conventional sedimentdisaster sensor technologies, and the target date for completion isthe end of March 2018.
Conventional sediment disaster sensors have been plagued byvarious problems. They are not only expensive, but also are time2

Intelligence Research Center which have expertise on sensors andartificial intelligence technologies. This joint research by the NILIM
and AIST is the first such initiative in areas such as sediment disastercountermeasures.
Sensor development is now progressing and on-site testing will
be conducted after development is completed. The future goal is
to follow repeated on-site testing that has confirmed safety andreliability, by widely introducing the sensors to sediment disastercountermeasure sites.
* IoT (Internet of Things)
Linking “things” other than IT equipment to the internet, so thatpeople can monitor and operate “things” remotely.

■■Enacting standards to promote i-Construction—Making attractive construction sites through improved productivity—

i-Construction Promotion Headquarters

In order to make attractive construction sites by promoting
i-Construction, the NILIM is conducting research on standards
to regulate the use of ICT or CIM (Construction Information
Modeling/Management) on construction sites.
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism isworking to improve the productivity of construction sites, makeattractive construction sites and promote i-Construction.
Last year, ICT earthwork was introduced; to further improve
productivity this year, ICT paving technology, CIM etc. will be
introduced to ICT construction sites. The NILIM has been studying
measurement methods and control precision for more efficient controlof finished works using laser scanners and total stations for pavingwork. Based on this, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport,and Tourism announced ICT paving work standards in March 2017.
To permit contractors to smoothly introduce CIM, in March 2017,
the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism also
published the CIM Introduction Guideline, which provides guidelines

Figure. Completed work measurements using a laser scanner (left) and acquired
point group data (right)

for preparing CIM models and examples of their use.
The NILIM will continue research on improving productivity atconstruction sites.
Details * i-Construction Promotion Headquarters website
http://www.nilim.go.jp/japanese/organization/ic_honbu/indexicon.htm

Real-time information monitoring/inundation forecast operating support system

Forecast inundation risk, evaluating
effects of modifying operationProvision:
Providing information to support
operation of pumps and inundation risk
information

Detection precision and detected information transmission methods
will be improved using advanced technologies such as AI or IoT. This
research will improve detection precision compared with conventionalsensors, greatly reduce their costs, and simplify installation andmaintenance. This will enable a system for monitoring sedimentdisasters to be built more quickly and sensors to become more
widely used, thus assisting appropriate judgments of the situation andevacuation activities.
The research has been conducted jointly by the NILIM Sabo
Department whose members are experts on mechanisms of sedimentdisasters and hard and soft countermeasures, the AIST’s ResearchCenter for Ubiquitous MEMS and Micro Engineering and its Artificial

consuming and labor-intensive to install and maintain. Wire sensors,which have been widely used to detect debris flows in particular, aredifficult to use repeatedly because once it has detected a debris flow,
it is difficult to reset the sensor. Therefore, even where there is a highrisk of sediment disasters, the number that can be installed is limited
and their range is restricted, and it is time-consuming to install and reset
them. As a result, they may fail to detect a debris flow that has occurred.
This research sought to make the sensors more compact and reduce
their cost by taking advantage of technical progress in related fields
in order to resolve past problems with sediment disaster sensors.

■■Damage in South Korea due to Storm Surge and Waves Caused by Typhoon Chaba in 2016

Coastal Disaster Prevention Division, Coastal Marine and Disaster Prevention Department

Typhoon Chaba (Typhoon 1618) struck southern Korea,generating storm surges and high waves in early October 2016. The
NILIM conducted field surveys of the inundation in coastal urban
regions and typhoon damage to breakwaters.
On October 5, 2016, low atmospheric pressure and strong winds ofTyphoon Chaba generated not only a storm surge along the coast ofsouthern Korea but also high waves offshore, which then propagatedto the coast.
In Marine City in Haeundae District of Busan Metropolitan City,
seawater rapidly flowed into urban regions passing through roads,
because high waves over the storm surge of 90 cm overtopped
the coastal revetments. In two ports located in southern Busan
Metropolitan City, breakwaters slipped and/or were overturned by thestorm surge and high waves. The NILIM conducted field surveys ofthe damage caused by the storm surge and waves.
These results of the field surveys will contribute to future studies
on countermeasures against storm surge and waves.

Coastal Revetment

Wave overtopping

View of Overtopping in Marine City
(Provided by Prof. Do-Sam Kim, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)●●Schedule of Principal Events
Scheduled Dates

Event Name

July 22“Summer Open House” at the Port and Airport Research Institute (Yokosuka)

July 28

Tsukuba Child Professors Open House

3