Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

NILIM

Confirmation of road damage by automatic navigation UAV

Field survey of damage caused by debris flows

3D都市モデルの都市問題解決への活用（P）
Demonstration of green slow mobility in a residential complex

Self-driving and labor-saving of airport snow removal vehicles

Research Institute that creates the society of the future

FY 2022
http://www.nilim.go.jp/

Table of Contents
 Mission of the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management(NILIM) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2
 Organization · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3
 Research budget and employees· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4
 Recent developments related to NILIM
Disaster prevention and mitigation, national resilience- For increased strength and flexibility - · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5
Infrastructure DX - Transforming society with digital technology - · · · · · · · · · · · 6
Green challenge in land, infrastructure, transport, and tourism- Toward the realization of a green society - · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7
Support to improve field technology throughout Japan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8
Renewed experimental facility · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9
Dissemination of various information · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10
 Research and development that supports the planning, drafting, andspreading of the policy for land, infrastructure, transport, and tourism
Research to improve national resilience and protect the lives andlivelihood of the people · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12
Research to increase the productivity and growth potential of society · · · · · · 15
Research to support comfortable and secure living · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19
 Advanced technical support for responses to disasters/accidents andimprovement of countermeasure techniques · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 21
 Competence in new technologies of in-house engineers on the frontline· · · · · 23
 Collection, analysis, management, and the providing of data to develop thetechnical foundation for formulating policies. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24
 Introduction to facilities · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25
 International research activities· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 27
 Management initiatives supporting high-quality research· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 28
 To create a deeper understanding of NILIM · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 29
 Access · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 30

01

Mission of the National Institutefor Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM)As the only national research organizationin the social infrastructure/housing field,
our goal is to use technology as the driving force
to create an attractive country and societythat are safer, more secure, and more vigorous,
both now and in the future.

NILIM research policy (excerpt)
Basic stance Participate in the policy development of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism as atechnical specialist taking into account the administrative perspective among other aspects
 Apply the advanced and comprehensive technical capabilities cultivated through research activities tothe actual fields of work.
 Connect to the creation of new policy using insight into the future image of national land/society andthrough the promotion of technology development.

Activities forming the basis
 Research and development that supports planning, drafting, and spreading the policy for land,
infrastructure, transport, and tourism (pp. 11–20)
 Advanced technical support for response to disasters/accidents and improvement of countermeasuretechniques (pp. 21–22)
 Competence in new technologies of in-house engineers on the frontline (p. 23)
 Collection, analysis, management, and the providing of data to develop the technical foundation forformulating policies. (p. 24)
Click here for thefull research policy. →Yokosuka Office

Asahi and Tachihara Offices

02Personnel and Welfare Division
General Affairs Division

Deputy Director of General Affairs Department
Senior Officer for Welfare
Senior Officer for Contract and National Property

Accounting Division
Head Officer for General Affairs
Head Officer
for General Affairs

Planning and Research Administration Department
Research Coordinator for Digital Transformation of Infrastructure
Systems
Research Coordinator for Evaluation
Research Coordinator for Codes and Standards

Administrative Coordination Department

Research Facilities DivisionInternational Research Division
Senior Officer for Cybersecurity andInformation

Yokosuka
OfficeResearch Coordinator for Information and Construction Systems

Planning and Coordination Division
Technological Information Division
Cost Estimation System DivisionInternational Coordination Division
Wastewater System Division

Water Quality Control Department
Research Coordinator for Wastewater Energy Management andSystem Restoration

River Department

Wastewater and Sludge Management
Division

River Division
Water Cycle Division
Large-scale Hydraulic Structure Division
Flood Disaster Prevention Division
Sabo Planning Division
Sabo Risk-Management Division

Research Coordinator for Sediment Disaster Prevention

Road Traffic Department

Road Division

Research Coordinator for Road Affairs
Research Coordinator for Road Disaster Prevention
Research Coordinator for Digital Transformation of Road Systems

Road Structures Department

Road Safety DivisionRoad Environment Division
Intelligent Transport Systems Division
Bridge and Structures Division
Foundation, Tunnel and Substructures
Division
Pavement and Earthworks Division
Earthquake Disaster Management Division

Research Coordinator for Road Structures Management
Research Coordinator for Road Structures Recovery

Building Department

Standards and Accreditation System Division

Research Managing Coordinator for Advanced Building Technology
Research Coordinator for Quality Control of Buildings
Research Coordinator for Disaster Mitigation of Buildings

Structural Standards Division
Fire Standards Division
Equipment Standards Division
Material and Component Standards Division

Beneficial use of field data

Tachihara Office

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

Evaluation System Division

Housing Department

Housing Planning Division
Housing Stock Management Division

Research Coordinator for Building Environment Technology
Research Coordinator for Housing Performance
Research Coordinator for Housing Information System

Building Environment Division
Housing Production Division

Urban Planning Department

Urban Planning Division
Urban Facilities Division
Urban Disaster Mitigation Division
Urban Development Division

Coastal, Marine and Disaster Prevention Department
Research Coordinator for Coastal and Marine Affairs
Research Coordinator for Coastal and Marine Disaster Prevention

Coastal Zone Systems Division
Port Planning Division

Port and Harbor Department

Port Systems Division
Port Facilities Division

Research Coordinator for Advanced Port Technology

Port Construction Systems andManagement Division
Airport Planning Division

Airport Department

Airport Facilities Division

Research Coordinator for Advanced Airport Technology

Airport Construction Systems Division

Digital Transformation of Infrastructure
Systems Research Committee

Maintenance Research Committee

Disaster Prevention and Reduction
Research Committee

Environment Research Committee

Climate Change Adaptation Research
Group

International expansion/Public
information activities

Construction and Maintenance Management
Division
Construction and Maintenance Systems
Division
Advanced Construction Technology Division
Information Platform Division
Construction Economics Division

Asahi Office

Research Center for Infrastructure Management
Research Coordinator for
Construction Management
Research Coordinator for Land
Management and Disaster
Prevention
Research Coordinator for
Advanced Information
Technology

Marine Environment and Emergency
Management Division
Coastal Disaster Prevention Division

Yokosuka Office

Introduction to facilities

Research Departments (11 departments + 1 center)

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Sabo Department

Coast Division

Asahi Office

Research Coordinator for River Structures
Research Coordinator for Integrated Water Disaster Management
Research Coordinator for Water Environment

DeputyDirector-General
DeputyDirector-General
Executive Director
for Research Affairs
Executive Director
for Research Affairs

Planning Division
Research Administration and Evaluation
Division

Administrative Division

Water Quality Control Department

DirectorGeneral

Tachihara Office
Asahi Office

Introduction of research

03

General Affairs Department

Asahi
OfficeRecent developments

Administrative Departments(3 departments)

Organization, budget, andemployees

Organization

Landscape and Ecology Division

NILIM personnel are also dispatched to the
Sediment Disaster Prevention Technology Centerat the Kinki Regional Development Bureau.
As of April 2022

Organization, budget, andemployees

Research budget and employees
 Research budget

Airports
0.54 billion JPY

Roads
1.7 billion JPY

Ports/harbors
2.35 billion JPY

Administrative
staff
97

River andsediment
disasters
0.95 billion JPY

Total
352
Research staff
255

Sewerage systems
2.39 billion JPY

Structure of employees (as of April 2022)

 Establishment of NILIM

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Public Works Research Institute (from 1922)

MLIT Headquarters etc.

Building Research Institute (from 1942)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism[Independent administrative agencies]*1
Public Works Research Institute

MLIT Headquarters etc.

NILIM

Building Research Institute

Survey and research and technologicaldevelopment that might fail to be
implemented if left up to the private
sector from among those that must be
implemented from the perspective of
public service and that the national
government need not implement
directly.

*1 With the April 2015 revision to the Act on the General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies, the Public Works Research Institute, Building Research Institute,and the Port and Airport Research Institute became the National Research and Development Agencies.
*2 In April 2016, the National Maritime Research Institute and the Electronic Navigation Research Institute were merged to form the Port and Airport Research Institute.

International expansion/Public
information activities

Comprehensive surveying, testing, research anddevelopment, technology guidance, disseminationof achievements, and collection, organization, andprovision of information regarding technologies
related to the provision of the social infrastructure inorder to utilize, develop, and preserve the national
land and to the planning and proposal of policies
that are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

Under Article 2 of the Act on the General Rules
for Independent Administrative Agencies

Introduction to facilities

Port and Airport Research Institute*2

Under Article 194 of the Orderfor the Organization of MLIT

Beneficial use of field data

Port and Harbor Research Institute (from 1962)

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

 After the reorganization of ministries and agencies in January 2001, as part of the incorporated administrative
agency system, sections that had been taking on operations that were inseparable from the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism were merged in April 2001.
In April 2021, NILIM celebrated its 20th anniversary.

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Structure of research budget (initial budget for FY 2022)

Introduction of research

Total
10.0 billion
JPY

Recent developments

Construction
0.33 billion JPY

Other
1.71 billion JPY

 Employees

04Organization, budget, andemployees

Recent developments related to NILIM
Disaster prevention and mitigation, national resilience - For increased strength and flexibility -Recent developments• In recent years, weather disasters have become
more severe and frequent because of theeffects of climate change.
• Infrastructure that was intensively developed
during and after the high growth period will
become obsolete at the same time in the
future.
Levee breakage due to heavy rain in July 2018

Damage to the seawall caused by the storm waves
of Typhoon Faxai in 2019

 Three-year emergency measures for disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and national land reinforcement (FY 2018–2020)
Introduction of research

In light of the July 2018 heavy rains, the government of Japan will implement emergency measures over a three-year period, in addition to theexisting measures.
[Examples of measures implemented throughout Japan]  Examples of measures implemented by NILIM
SensorContinuous
connection andcommunication
ReceptionBasestationObservation of the behavior of the entire system Transmission

System installation on bridges (about 20 locations nationwide)
Bridge girder: Vertical direction

Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

05

Ground: Vertical direction

Construction of a Sabo dam with high capture
capacity of sediment and driftwood trapping
performance (Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture)

Example of sensor installation
on a bridge

Acquisition of observation records of structural behavior

Development of seismic monitoring systems that can identify
the behavior of an entire infrastructure system during anearthquake

Construction of an experimental channel toenable the overflow experiments necessary to
study the development of tenacious river levees.

 Five-year emergency measures for disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and national resilience (FY 2021–2025)
Further acceleration and deepening of the following areas implemented under the three-year emergency
measures with focused and intensive measures
1. Measures to address increasingly severe wind and flood damage and large-scale earthquakes that canhappen any time soon
2. Acceleration of measures to address aging infrastructures to shift to preventive maintenance of theinfrastructures
3. Promotion of digitization etc. for efficient implementation of measures to increase national resilience Examples of measures implemented by NILIM
Study for the development of persistent river levees

Catchment area
Utilization ofConstruction and upgrade water utilization damsof flood control dams

Measures to control backwater

Water retention
in rice paddy fields

Construction of drainage pump stations
Construction ofwater detention areas

Using irrigation ponds
for flood management

Construction ofretention facilities

Floodplain
Relocation
to low-risk areas
Water retention
in schoolyards

River channel excavation High-risk areas
Levee construction
and reinforcement

River areas

Example: Measures for river basin disaster
resilience and sustainability by all

To strengthen cities against earthquakes• Need to develop persistent river levees that are resistant to collapse andeffective in mitigating damage in the event of water overflow.
• Verification of the effectivenessand stability of levee top
protection works, back slope
protection works, back slope edge
protection works, etc. against
overflowing water throughExperiment with large-scale embankment model
hydraulic model experiments

Initiatives to shift to preventive maintenance• The urgent issue is to improve theefficiency of inspections andrepairs through the use of newtechnologies and other measures.
• Development of technologies toreview inspection procedures andimprove the quality of repairs (seep. 14)

Inspection work at heights

Damaged residential lots and housing• Existing housing lots developedon sloping land havedeteriorated retaining walls thatare vulnerable to earthquakes.
• They affect speedy restorationand disaster relief activities inthe event of an earthquake.

• A method for seismic diagnosis
and reinforcement of existing
residential retaining walls isestablished.

Removing an
existing pile

• Renewal of aging buildings isneeded to make a city more
resilient.
• No reasonable method is available
to evaluate existing piles of aprevious building at the time ofrenewal, which has negative
effects, such as requiring a longtime to remove the piles.
• A rational way to use of theground including existing
piles is established.

Three-year emergency measures and five-year acceleration measures: Based on the Cabinet Secretariat website (https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/kokudo_kyoujinka/index.html)

[DX in the infrastructure field]

DX of Action

DX for knowledge and experience

DX of Things

Observation of fields from anywhere

Anyone can immediately start working on the field.

Anyone can easily understand diagrams.

 Promotion of DX in the infrastructure field[Promotion system] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
DX Promotion Headquarters in the infrastructure field• Promotion of policy on data utilization• Establishment of implementation policy for BIM for infrastructure
promotion etc.
Collaboration among research facilities• Cooperation agreement for DX signed with the
Public Works Research Institute and Building
Research Institute

NILIM

Cooperation

DX Data Center, DX Experimental Field in theinfrastructure field• Centralized management and analysis of directly
controlled BIM for infrastructure data
• Development of new technologies utilizing 3D data,
5G, etc.

Structure within NILIM: DX of Infrastructure
Systems Research Committee
Building
Research Institute• Promotion of research through cross-disciplinary
collaboration

Regional Development Bureaus
Human Resources Development Center• Implementation of BIM for infrastructure training• On-site demonstration of new technology etc.

Development of DX Data Center

Development of efficient ways to inspect port facilities using AI• 3D data, such as BIM for infrastructure is large in size, making
information sharing difficult.
• Highly functional devices and expensive software are required, making it
difficult for small-scale contractors to make use of the system.

• Responding to aging infrastructure and a shortage of workers, it isnecessary to reduce labor and shorten the time required for port facility
inspections.

DX Data Center
BIM forinfrastructure

Road MMS point
cloud data
River 3D area
diagramRemote viewing andediting of 3D data

Web conference systemwith shared BIM for infrastructure

Image of utilizing the DX Data Center

Relay station (altitude 40 m)
Relay UAV
Approx. 100 m

Terrestrial monitor station

Videos are viewed and recorded
on a PC.

Photographing conditionsof the quay (3 m altitude)

Remote image transmission system
during experiment

DX in the infrastructure field, and promotion system: created based on materials from the 1st Headquarters for DX Promotion in the Infrastructure Sector, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

International expansion/Public
information activities• DX Data Center is constructed
for centralized storage andutilization of 3D data.

• Development of AI to detectcracks and other damage from
inspection data of port
facilities• Development to extend the
distance of real-time imagetransmission, taking into
account environments withmany obstructions

Large vessel anchored on the
opposite shore (obstruction)
km
. 4.7
rox
p
p
A

Introduction to facilities

 Examples of measures implemented by NILIM

Beneficial use of field data

Public Works
Research InstituteSupport for fieldtechnology improvement

Research facilities

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Realization of the improved public understanding toward infrastructure and safe, secure, and prosperous lifestyles

Introduction of research

Transformation of social capital and public services, organizations, processes, culture and climate, and ways of working

Recent developments

In response to rapidly changing socioeconomic situations, the following is to be achieved in the infrastructure field using data and digitaltechnology:• transform social capital and public services based on the needs of the people, and• transform operations, organization, processes, and the culture, climate, and work style of the construction industry and the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, in order to improve public understanding of infrastructure and realize safe, secure, and prosperous lifestyles.

Organization, budget, andemployees

Infrastructure DX - Transforming society with digital technology -06

Organization, budget, andemployees

Green challenge in land, infrastructure, transport, and tourism- Toward the realization of a green society [Green challenge in land, infrastructure, transport, and tourism]

Recent developments• Transportation and consumer sectors under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism account for
about 50% of Japan's CO2 emissions.
• Moving toward carbon neutrality by 2050, review of related plans, formulation of growth strategies, etc. are gaining momentum.
• The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) has announced the green challenge in land, infrastructure, transport,
and tourism, containing six priority projects to be intensively implemented by 2030 in the environmental field of the MLIT from theperspective of cross-sectoral and public-private collaboration to realize a green society.
CO2 emissions by sector (total 1,108 million tons in FY 2019)<Energy production basis>(Direct emissions)Introduction of research
Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

07

39.1%

Industry
25.2%

Global Warming Prevention Headquarters on July 17, 2015)

Emissions(100 million tons
CO2 equivalent)

Energy conversion 7.8%
(For private consumption at power plants etc.)

Energy conversion(e.g., power generation
by power plants forcommercial use)

• Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) (decided by the<Energy consumption basis>(Indirect emissions)

Emissions fromfossil fuelcombustion
associated withpower
generation etc.
are allocated tothe energy
consumption
sector.

Gasoline-powered
vehicles, diesel-powered
vehicles, etc.
Petroleum products, gas
for air conditioning, hot
watersupply, etc.
Other (industrial processes, waste, etc.)

Transportation
17.9%
Consumer (household,business, other) 10.7%
7.1%*80% reduction by 2050 isstated as a long-term
goal.
• Energy mix

Consumer (household,business, other) 31.8%(Source) Prepared based on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in FY 2018(confirmed figures) and Global Warming Prevention Plan)(Cabinet decision on July 3, 2018)

2050
Carbon neutral• Long-term strategy*(Cabinet decision on June 11, 2019)

Realize a decarbonizedsociety (virtually zero
emissions) as early as
possible in the second
half of this century.

Midterm target(Target: accumulation)

Example: Promotion of the spread of next-generation vehicles andimprovement of fuel efficiency of automobiles
 Promotion of transportation and logistics services
utilizing electric vehicles etc.

Development of sustainable transportation andlogistics services through digitalization andgreening

Example: Promotion of the use of green infrastructure inwatershed flood control etc.

Example: Road traffic flow countermeasures from the perspectivesof systems and infrastructures
 Promotion of green logistics

Park development thattakes rainwater infiltration
into consideration

Source: 5th Green Society WG
document

Long-term
target(Goal)

Carbon neutrality in the port and maritime sector,
promotion of greening
Example: Promotion of the development of carbon neutral port
(CNP)
 Promotion of the introduction of offshore wind power
generation

Image of the port as a base

Green slow mobility

Development of a community that coexists withnature through the use of green infrastructure• Strategic Energy Plan

(Prime Minister Suga's policy
speech on October 26, 2020)

Construction of transportation, logistics, andinfrastructure systems to accommodate theelectrification of automobiles

Mid- to high-rise wooden buildings(Decided by the Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry in July 2015)

Consistent• NDC of Japan (determined by the
Regional Warming Prevention
Headquarters on March 30, 2020)
Pursue further reduction efforts
without stopping at this level.
Aim for eager figures reflecting
more ambitious reduction efforts
consistent with the revised energy
mix.

Transportation
18.6%

Example: Further reinforcement of energy conservation measuresfor homes and buildings
 Expansion of the installation and use of regional
renewable energy through the use of infrastructure etc.

(Cabinet decision on May 13, 2016, review started in
September 2020)

FY 2030
Comparison fromFY 201326% reduction(1.042 billion
tons)

Reduction for fiveconsecutive years
since FY 2014

Other (industrial processes, waste, etc.)
7.1%• Global Warming Prevention Plan*FY 2018 (final data)
1.240 billion tons
〈12.0% reduction fromFY 2013〉*Value at the time of thedetermination of reduction targets

Industry
34.7%

Smart and resilient lifestyles and urban
development that will increase energy conservation
and renewable energies

Conventional parkdevelopment

Base year emissions
FY 2013 1.408 billion tons

Realization of a carbon-neutral, recycling-oriented
society throughout the entire life cycle ofinfrastructure

Example: Energy conservation and technological innovation in thefield of construction work
 Promotion of energy conservation in infrastructureservices
Promotion of the use of renewable energies

Drainage togutters

Infiltration into the ground
Reduction of emissions from facilities and vehicles

Crushed stones

Reduction of emissions fromaircraft on the ground

Image of decarbonization at airports

 Examples of measures implemented by NILIM
Support for planning of energy conservation measures

Ecosystem services of blue carbon ecosystem• A mandatory system of compliance with energy conservation
standards is in operation under the Act on the Rational Use ofEnergy, which was revised to further improve the energy-saving
performance of buildings.

• Blue carbon (BC) is attracting attention as a sink for greenhousegases in coastal areas.
• BC ecosystems have multiple ecosystem services, but theirmagnitude is not recognized.

• Analysis of a vast amount of energy
conservation standard application
data to clarify the reality of energy
conservation performance• Support for energy conservation
measures by analyzing therelationship between building
design specifications and energy
conservation performance etc.

Whole building, number of cases: 7,937, average: 0.75

Air conditioning, number of cases: 6,759, average: 0.85
Air
conditioning

Total

Ventilation, number of cases: 3,351, average: 0.63

Lighting, number of cases: 7,591, average: 0.59

Ventilation

Lighting

Distribution ofenergy conservation performance• Development of a method
to visualize multiple
ecosystem services incoastal areas

Historical site

Everyday relaxation

Environmental Recreation
education
Research Species conservation
Food provision
Water quality improvement
Global warming mitigation

Blue carbon
ボラード

Multiple ecosystem services ofcoastal areas

- Support to improve on-site technical capabilities in the field of road structures -Regional Development
Bureaus

NILIM Road Structures Department

Bridge and Structures Foundation, Tunnel, andSenior researcher
Division
Substructures Division Road structure
management

Introduction of research

Local governments• NILIM is accepting staff from Regional Development Bureaus for the Road Structures Department and trains them to beleading engineers of the Bureaus by preparing drafts of technical standards and joining field surveys and training programs.
• In FY 2022, Research Coordinator for Road Structures Recovery was assigned to reinforce the system for technical support
regarding disasters and deterioration.

• Bridge superstructures• Road Attachment
Facilities• Bridge substructures• Tunnels• Earthwork structures

Pavement andEarthworks Division• Earthworks• Pavement

 RTechnical support Core engineer  On-site survey and technical guidance in case of a disasteror failure
for local
governments
 Review and revision of technical standards
 Analysis of road structure inspection data etc.

Three levels of training

Assigned operations

Management • Management from emergency
response to restoration caused
level, special
by deterioration, accidents, andsessiondisasters• Specialized knowledge
and skills in ASR and
fatigue
Midlevel Able to manage emergency
response as an executive ofan on-site response team.
 Acquire further expertise toaddress advanced issues.

 Able to perform the diagnosis
of a given structure.
 Able to supervise repairs.

Training structure

On-site survey- Program for promoting the capacity building of regional development bureau
staff members for sediment disaster investigation -(Reference) Data of past training[Members of divisions for Sabo] 74 persons[Members of divisions for road management]
27 persons＞ Total 101 persons

OJT at a debris flow disaster site(2020, Haido District, Takashima City,
Shiga Prefecture)

International expansion/Public
information activities

Training for staff members of Regional Development Bureaus

Introduction to facilities

OJT at a landslide site (2017, Ono District,
Hita City, Oita Prefecture)

Beneficial use of field data

• On-the-job training (OJT) is provided to Regional Development Bureau staff members who engage in assignments related
to sediment disasters in their respective areas. This training is about nine months long, consisting of training and visits toactual disaster sites. The training will thereby help Regional Development Bureaus improve their technical capabilities.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

Introductory • Knowledge and skills required tolevel
perform legally required
inspections on their own• Minimum knowledge required todesign, implement, and supervise
the construction of a repair project Able to perform a series ofmanagement and technicalevaluations related to normal
diagnosis, repair planning, andrepair design.

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Accepting personnel from Regional Development Bureaus• Management from designand construction standards
and repair plans toconstruction

Recent developments• NILIM supports improvement of on-site technical capabilities with the aim of developing an accurate understanding oftechnical standards and the technical capabilities to deal with technical issues. Specific measures include accepting staff
from Regional Development Bureaus and providing training.

Organization, budget, andemployees

Support to improve on-site technical capabilities throughout Japan08

Organization, budget, andemployees
Recent developments
Introduction of research
Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

09

Renewed experimental facility• NILIM has several large-scale experimental facilities, most of which were constructed in 1979 when NILIM moved to Tsukuba
Science City. We have been updating and improving the experimental facilities to meet the changing research themes of
the times.

Construction DX experimental field
This research facility wasconstructed to verify the various
new technologies, such as remotely
operatable construction
machineries and local 5G, for thepromotion of infrastructure DX. It is
expected to contribute to further
speeding up technologicaldevelopment by enabling
technological verification without
the limitations of actual sites.

General view of the construction DX experimental field

Remotely operatable construction machinery

Test course
The first major renovation of the test course (see p. 25 for details)
since 1979 was completed in 2021, giving it new features.
The test course is used to study and develop the functions andperformance required of roads, which change with the times.
Video footage of the experiment on the test course and therenovation work is available on YouTube.

Bank paving work [North Loop]

Supporter

NILIM

Combined roller

The finisher and rollers are hung by supporter machinery to
prevent the paver machine from slipping down.

River experimental facility

Bank paving work

The aged river model experimental facility was renovated to afacility that can respond to recent technological issues related toflood control.
In FY 2020, an experimental channel with a large-scaleembankment model (see p. 26 for details) was constructed to
conduct full-scale levee overflow experiments.It can be used to
study the resistance performance of persistent levee structures
against water overflow.

VR experimental equipment etc.

Experimental channel with large-scale embankment model

A large 4KVR stereoscopic driving simulator has been introduced, enablinghighly immersive driving simulations on a large four-sided screen.
This equipment enables cross-disciplinary use within and outside theorganization, such as road traffic research using BIM for infrastructure data,
verification of infrastructure structure inspection technology, anddevelopment of remote operation technology using VR/AR.

Large 4KVR stereoscopic driving simulator

Organization, budget, andemployees

Dissemination of various information
NILIM webpage

Recent developments

NILIM provides an overview of its
organization, the activities of its
research divisions, and publications ofresearch results on its website. This is
to promote awareness of NILIM’s rolein society and to promptly disseminate
information on its activities during
disasters.

About TEC-FORCE dispatching

NILIM YouTube channel

Trends in the use of 3D/digital data inconstruction production processes

Trends in the use of 3D/digital data inconstruction production processes- For productivity improvement and work
style reform -- For productivity improvement and work style reform December 20, 2021
Director of Research Center for Infrastructure Management
Deputy Director-General, Infrastructure DX Promotion Office,Minister's Secretariat
Iwasaki Yoshihisa
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

Introduction of the collision experiment facility

Iwasaki Yoshihisa

FY 2021 NILIM Lectures

VR NILIM

VR NILIM
Can be viewed on a Web browser

20 Years’ Experience - the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

20 Years’ Experience - the National Institutefor Land and Infrastructure Management

Structure• Words on publication• Outline of NILIM• Research and development that
supports policies on land andinfrastructure technologies• Contribution to field operations using
technologies• Establishment of the environment that

supports research• Appendix

Details of the contents

International expansion/Public
information activities

Last year marked the 20th anniversary of NILIM
since its establishment on April 1, 2001. To markthis milestone, NILIM published “20 Years’
Experience • the National Institute for Land andInfrastructure Management,” which is thecompilation of activities that NILIM has
engaged in over the 20 years. This article
describes the progress that NILIM has made todate along with larger changes and trends ofthe society. The article is available to everyone
on NILIM website.

Introduction to facilities

Main research building of NILIM on the VR NILIM

Beneficial use of field data

The VR NILIM, which virtually recreates NILIM premise in a VR space, is available on
NILIM website. The VR NILIM allows users to freely tour and walk around thepremises of NILIM. Links to videos that introduce various experimental facilities
and research outcomes are also available. This is a great opportunity to make thefacilities of NILIM widely known to those who are unable to visit because of the
spread of COVID-19 or because they live too far away.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

National Institute for Land andInfrastructure Management
Director of Research Center for
Infrastructure Management

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Support for accident anddisaster responses

NILIM has the official YouTube channel. Please watch the videos introducing NILIM’s research facilities, experiments, andresearch projects in an easy-to-understand manner.

Introduction of research

NILIM webpage

10

Organization, budget, andemployees
Recent developments
Introduction of research
Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

11

Research and development that supports the planning,drafting, and spreading of the policy for land, infrastructure,transport, and tourism
The main research themes of NILIM in FY 2022
1. Research to improve national resilience and protect the life and livelihood
・・・ 12 〜 14of the people
P. 12 Longer and more accurate flood forecasting for early
evacuation of residents and establishment of disastermanagement systems

P. 13 Efforts to mitigate damage at ports during typhoons

P. 12 Realization of rapid recovery from disasters throughthe use of new technologies

P. 13 Efforts to improve functional continuity of housing
and buildings in the event of disasters

P. 12 Protection of lives and livelihoods from large-scale
sediment disasters

P. 14 Improvement of the quality of bridge repairs throughthe use of AI

P. 13 Efforts to reinforce sewer pipelines against
earthquakes

P. 14 Efforts to improve efficiency and sophistication of
airport pavement inspection operations
P. 14 Improvement of the quality of dam maintenancemanagement through AI analysis of measured data

2. Research to increase the productivity and growth potential of society

・・・ 15 〜 18

P. 15 Production of innovation by developing a Data
Platform for Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

P. 17 Efforts to expand the road sections where automatedvehicles can fully apply their automated driving on
expressways

P. 15 Improvement of productivity and work style reform atconstruction sites through the use of ICT

P. 17 Efforts toward self-driving and labor-saving airport
snow removal vehicles

P. 16 Improvement of the efficiency of maintenance andmanagement through the use of BIM models for public
rental housing stock

P. 18 Realization of effective traffic congestion
countermeasures through the use of big data

P. 16 Improvement of productivity in the port sector
through the use of ICT and BIM for infrastructure

P. 18 Efforts to plan and propose port policies that reflect
future changes in the market

3. Research to support comfortable and secure living

・・・ 19 〜 20

P. 19 Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from thesewerage system

P. 20 Tubless bathrooms in residential bathrooms to reducedrowning accidents

P. 19 Study for coastal ecosystem restoration

P. 20 Efforts to improve efficiency of reducing vacanthouses

P. 19 Improvement of comfort through proper maintenanceand management of roadside plantings

P. 20 Solution to urban problems by supporting thedevelopment of smart cities

Water Quality Control
Department

River Department

Sabo Department

Road Traffic Department

Road Structures Department

Building Department

Housing Department

Urban Planning Department

Coastal, Marine andDisaster Prevention
Department

Port and Harbor
Department

Airport Department

Research Center
for InfrastructureManagement

and more accurate flood forecasting for early evacuation of residents and establishment
1 Longerof disaster management systems

 Long-range flood forecasting is necessary to issue
evacuation information before sunset and to establish a
disaster management system at an early stage.

River water level

Possibility of flooding (equivalent to Level 5).
Over the hazardous water level (equivalent to Level 4).
Over the evacuation warning water level (equivalent to Level 3).
Over the flood warning level (equivalent to Level 2).
Normal water level.

Flood risk line:
https://frl.river.go.jp/

6 hoursahead

36 hoursahead

72 hoursahead

2 Realization of rapid recovery from disasters through the use of new technologies
We propose a rapid disaster survey system that utilizes remote sensing technology to help assess the damage
caused by earthquakes, torrential rains, and other disasters and to improve the efficiency of road restoration.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

 When roads are cut off or congested during a disaster, it becomes difficult
for road patrol vehicles to quickly assess the damage.
 Inspection by road patrol vehicles cannot assess detailed damage, such as
slope collapse from outside of the road area.

 Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of UAVs with
automatic navigation functions in assessing the damage to actual roads.

Confirmation of road damage by automatic navigation UAV(Road Structures Department)

3 Protection of lives and livelihoods from large-scale sediment disasters

Slope failure

end

ani

Riv

er

800

A
Fault 1
Fault 2
Fault 3
Fault 4700

Elevation [m]akk

A type of fault fracture zone that induces groundwaterfrom the surrounding area
Specific resistance[October/December]A

Hyakkendani River

22.627

Fault 2
Fault 3

8.000

Fault 4

600

A’

1.000

500

A’
Fault 50.354

Fault 1
400

2.828

0

100

200

0.125
300

400

500

600

700

0.044

Longitudinal distance [m]A type of fault fracture zone that blocks groundwater(Sabo Department)International expansion/Public
information activities

 Airborne electromagnetic survey technology
using helicopters and drones is combinedwith electrical surveys and field surveys toinvestigate the relationship between theavailability of slip surfaces and faults in slopes
and groundwater behavior during heavy rainfall.
 DSL risk level evaluation method is proposedby clarifying the mechanism of large-scale
sediment movement phenomena caused by
DSL etc.

Hy

Introduction to facilities

Studies are conducted to visualize subsurface geology and hydrology with geophysical exploration technologies
and to clarify the mechanisms of large-scale sediment movement phenomena caused by a deep-seated landslide(DSL) etc. These studies contribute to the accurate assessment of the risk level of DSL-prone mountain slopes.

Beneficial use of field data The measurement accuracy and applicability of various remote sensing
technologies in disaster surveys are quantitatively evaluated. Theseevaluations are then used to employ these technologies in the field.

 Technology is needed to identify in advancethe areas at risk of large-scale sediment
movement phenomena caused by DSL.

Support for accident anddisaster responses(River Department)

Introduction of research We realized flood forecasting 84 hours in advance byutilizing ensemble rainfall forecast data from the Japan
Meteorological Agency and other sources to indicate
future uncertainties as a range of water level forecasts.
 To improve the accuracy of forecasts, we introduced a runoff
model considering inundation and a high accuracy channel
model, and developed a data assimilation technique for
integrating observed values from a crisis-management-typewater-level gauge into the forecast.

Recent developments

We have further improved the system (Flood Risk Line) that forecasts river water levels and displays flood risks on
both banks of a river. This improved system will contribute to prompt evacuation of residents and establishment ofdisaster management systems by enabling longer forecasting periods and improving the accuracy of the forecasts.

Organization, budget, andemployees

1. Research to improve national resilience and protect the life andlivelihood of the people

12Organization, budget, andemployees

4Efforts to reinforce sewers against earthquakes

Earthquake damage to sewers is estimated by identifying the sewer attribute conditions with high risk of damage.
This supports local governments in preparing effective earthquake resilience plans for sewers.

Recent developments

 The priorities of the earthquake resilience of sewers should be set comprehensively
based on the importance of the sewer functions, the impact of secondary disasters,
vulnerability to damage, and earthquake resistant performance.
 How to set the importance of sewers and the risk when they are damaged is alreadyorganized. Yet, there is a lack of information on the attributes of vulnerable sewers(pipe types, microtopography classification, etc.). This may hinder the appropriate
preparation of earthquake resilience plans for sewers based on comprehensive
consideration.

Introduction of research

 NILIM is to make a technical document on the damage ratio of sewers by attributeconditions.
 Local governments can effectively and efficiently prepare earthquake resilienceplans for sewers using the technical document.

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Container drifting experiments in a wind wave channel is resulting in efficient and effective pre-drift
countermeasures against expected storm surges, high waves, and strong winds. This research helps to reduce port
damage during typhoons.

(Water Quality Control Department)

Efforts to mitigate damage at ports during typhoons

 Many containers were washed away and drifted
during Typhoon Melor in 2009 and Typhoon Jebi in
2018.
 It is important to implement measures against
drifting containers in advance in preparation for
typhoons etc.

Experiment on the capturingperformance of drift fences
Wave, current, andwind direction

Wave, current,
and wind direction

Post

Drift fence(Coastal, Marine, and Disaster Prevention Department)

6

Efforts to improve the functional continuity of housing and buildings in the event of disasters

Introduction to facilities

Design targets for self-sustaining energy systems that allow occupants to continue daily life in their homes during power outages
and performance indicators focused on maintaining building functionality during fires are developed. These studies willcontribute to the improvement of functional continuity of houses and buildings in the event of a disaster.
 Design targets for self-sustaining energy systems (combination ofsolar photovoltaic power generation and storage batteries) thattake into account the residential continuity in the event of a power
outage have not been developed. Thus, the adequacy of thesystems cannot be determined.

International expansion/Public
information activities Design targets areproposed for
self-sustaining energy
systems in housing design
by organizing results fromstudies on the use of thepower necessary forresidential continuity andthe design requirements
for the systems to continue
daily life in a house during
power outages.

What are the design
requirements for thesystem to provide thepower needed forresidential continuity?

Power
conditioner

 Fire protection performance that exceeds the requirements of
the Building Standard Law must be available in order to avoid
large-scale fire damage to buildings.
 A performance index is developed focusing on the ability tomaintain functionality after a fire.

Solar
photovoltaic
panelsFirecompartment
Room offire origin

Room offire origin

Space that became unusable because of a firePowercompany

Use of power

Storagebattery

What are the uses of the power necessary for continuing daily life in a house?

(Housing Department)

Function (%)

Beneficial use of field data Experiments are conducted to study the impact
acting on drift fences, the trapping capabilities of thedrift fences, and the required crown height of thefence using container models.
 Appropriate drift fence design method for expected
wind speed, wave height, and tide level is proposed.

Experiment on the trapping
capabilities of drift fences

Function (%)

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

13

5

Manhole floating from liquefaction

Fire

Time

Performance
improvement effectFire

Example: Improvementof performance using
fire compartments
The addition of a firecompartment will
minimize the space thatwill be unusable after afire, reducing the extent
and duration of the lossof functionality.

Time(Building Department)Organization, budget, andemployees

7

Improvement of the quality of bridge repairs through the use of AI

By having AI learn from photos of deformities accumulated through periodic inspections of road bridges,
we developed a technology that can search for and find bridges with similar cases from the image of a deformity.
This development will contribute to the improvement of the quality of repair designs.

8

Image recognition AI
Photographs of the deformity
to be checked

Inspection
Database

Inspection ofstate-controlled bridges

Image of extracted inspection results

Accumulation

Past records of similar cases can be used as a reference
for maintenance and management.

(Road Structures Department)

Efforts to improve efficiency and sophistication of airport pavement inspection operations<Device used for the patrol andinspection system> Preventive maintenance and management are necessary toensure the safety and punctuality of aircraft operations.
 Prompt reporting of runway failures, accidents, and disasters is
required

Coordinate
acquisition

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

Data viewing

Inspection
registration
Image
capturing(Airport Department)

Improvement of the quality of dam maintenance management through AI analysis ofmeasured data

AI is used to analyze various measurement data acquired for safety management at dams. The system uses theanalyses to support inspections conducted by on-site personnel and contributes to improving the quality of dam
maintenance and management.

Classification by feature values

Detects data that deviate from normal data characteristics (abnormality)
Seismic
waveform
Responseof the dam

-1
-1.5

Unsupervised machine learning of normal data
Time series
level
historical Water
Outsidetemperature
data
Embankment(input)temperature

Displacement

・・・

Input layer

・・・Intermediate layer(LSTM)
Output layer

Predicted value(output)

Prediction of normal values using deep learning models

Abnormal

NormalJudgment-0.50

0

5

10

15

Time (second)

Normal

20

25

30

35

Detects anomalies based on deviations
between predictions and actual measurements
Embankment displacement

Embankment displacement

0

1.5
1
0.5

Time

Seismic motion

1000

-1000
4
3
2
1
0

20

Learning period

15
10
5
0
-5
-10
2012

Prediction

Actual measurements
2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

(River Department)International expansion/Public
information activities

Accelerometer

Seismic waveform

加速度 (gal)

AI analysis

振動数 (Hz)

Various measurement data

Introduction to facilities

 In the maintenance and management of dams, early identification of abnormalities is required based on various measurement dataobtained from inspections. However, such process requires decision-making based on experience, and there will be a shortage of skilled
personnel in the future.
 Technology was thus developed to use AI to analyze changes in the long-term behavior of dams and the effects of earthquakes to detect
possible abnormalities

Beneficial use of field data The system is newly equipped with a function to view periodic
inspection information (PRI information) and a function to register
repair information, in addition to the conventional inspection
registration function and the function to determine the necessityof repairs for each type of abnormality.
 The system is also newly equipped with a function to report an
accident and disaster that enables quick and easy reporting of
runway failures etc., as well as sharing and viewing of accident anddisaster information.

9

Support for accident anddisaster responses

The functions of the airport pavement patrol and inspection system, which has been developed and operated to
improve the efficiency and sophistication of airport pavement inspection work, are improved. The improved
functions will contribute to the improved efficiency of maintenance and management work.

Introduction of research A search system as shown in the figure on the right is developed.
 By inputting images of the deformation to be checked, thesystem allows the user to search the information on bridges withsimilar deformations from the records accumulated throughperiodic inspections.
 The road administrator can use the output to monitor the
progress of deformations and repair methods, as well as theirsubsequent progress, as a reference for future observation andrepair design.

Output similar images
from the DB

Input

Recent developments

 The process and causes of bridge deterioration anddamage vary depending on the specifications and theenvironment in which the bridge is constructed. The
effectiveness of the measures also varies.
 Knowledge of various cases and their progress contributes
to creating effective repair methods.

14Organization, budget, andemployees

2. Research to increase the productivity and growth potential of society
1

Production of innovation by developing a Data Platform for Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism

Recent developments

We propose a rapid disaster survey system that utilizes remote sensing technology to help assess the damage
caused by earthquakes, torrential rains, and other disasters and to improve the efficiency of road restoration.

Introduction of research In order to promote the utilization of data by the government and private sectors, it is necessary to establish a platform to realize a digitaltwin that reproduces physical (real) events in cyberspace by linking data held by the MLIT with data from the private sector and others.
 There is a need to promote technological development and R&D to link and utilize the various data held by the government and private
sectors. This is to use the infrastructure data to improve productivity in the field of construction and non-construction fields, such as disastermanagement and logistics.
 We have built a Data Platform for Land Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism with functions for searching, displaying, and downloading
data across the board by linking APIs with the various databases owned by the government and private sectors.
 We have conducted research and development of technology to automatically create 3D models from 2D drawings of existing structures
and technology to create metadata for efficient retrieval of electronic deliverables etc.
Data Platform for Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism

Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement

https://www.mlit-data.jp/platform/

API linkage with various databases enables
search and display of the data on 3D maps.

Superimposed display

Searchof a 3D city model andDisplayflood
inundation forecast data
Download

Display of a 3D model automaticallycreated from 2D drawings(Research Center for Infrastructure Management)

2

Improvement of productivity and work style reform at construction sites through the use of ICT

Beneficial use of field data

This study is contributing to the improvement of productivity and work-style reform in the construction industry by
establishing rules for the use of ICT-based construction and measurement technologies in the management ofas-built shapes* in public works.
*Criteria for verifying that construction work has been performed according to standards.
 With regard to ICT construction, which is the main initiative of the i-Construction project that started in FY 2016, the applicable construction
types and technologies are gradually being expanded based on the progress of technological development in the private sector.

Introduction to facilities

 While taking into account proposals from private sector organizations, we are continuing to improve the standards so that they can beproperly applied to the as-built shape management of public works.
 In FY 2021, we prepared drafts of the various standards for new measurement technologies etc. (expanded to seven construction types andnine technologies). This includes the utilization of photographs taken at a constant height aboveground and oblique photographs madepossible by the development of automatic UAV flight control technology in earthwork as-built shape management
Constant-altitude photography

Constant height above ground photography

GNSS antenna

Output as-built data to reports for direct use
in as-built shape management
Construction information
Standard Judgment Measuring
point
value

Pass/fail result evaluation

Selection items
Mean value

Maximum value
Levee top Minimum value
Verticalrange Number of data

International expansion/Public
information activities

15

Evaluation area
Number of
rejected points
Mean value
Maximum value
Levee top
Minimum value
Verticalrange Number of data
Evaluation area
Number of rejected points

Vertically downward photography

Oblique photography
Compaction roller

Use of various UAV filming methods in earthwork
as-built shape management

The roller as-built data are used in earthwork as-built shape management.

(Research Center for Infrastructure Management)Improvement of the efficiency of maintenance and management through the use of BIM models
for public rental housing stock

By developing maintenance management BIM models and smartphone-based inspection methods for public rental
housing stock and other apartment buildings, this study will contribute to improving the efficiency of data-based
preventive maintenance of stock and other activities.

 A BIM model that combines building attribute information in addition to 3D shape information is developed. Then, verification
experiments concerning the coordination with inspection information etc. using tablets is conducted, and a guideline for the use of BIM in
the maintenance management phase is drafted.
Inspection history
Improvement of theefficiency ofinspections using
tablets (linking
absolute location
information from GIS
with building
information, history
information, andother data in real time
on-site)Managed using a database (Excel)

BIM models allow 3D visualization ofdata, drawing creation, maintenanceand management data analysis, etc.

Introduction of research

Link and record absolutecoordinates (XYZ) andinspection data on site

Maintenance andmanagement BIM model

Recent developments

 The use of BIM*1 is being promoted under the i-Construction initiative, which aims to improve the productivity of the entire construction
production system.
*1 Building Information Modeling

Organization, budget, andemployees

3

Inspection + repair history

Use of past inspection data

Inspected
Abnormality foundRepairedSpace structure drawing

Maintenance and management information

4

Improvement of productivity in the port sector through the use of ICT and BIM for infrastructure

Methods and standards are developed and organized to facilitate the use of ICT and BIM for infrastructure in themaintenance of port facilities. This contributes to increased efficiency and safety in design and construction sites.

 Field tests were conducted on the workmanship measurement offoundation works using ICT, such as multibeam echosounders. The
measurement accuracy and the workmanship management
standards were then verified. At the same time, a method toefficiently remove the noise from the multibeam echosounder datausing AI technologies was developed.

 Twenty-one cases were extracted from operations andconstruction projects using BIM for infrastructure that had
already been implemented. They were organized andanalyzed by main purpose of using the BIM for
infrastructure. Findings were published as BIM/CIM Case
Studies ver. 1: Ports and Harbors in November 2021.

Noise data

Before noise removal

Measurement of the workmanship of foundation work using a
multibeam echosounder and the improvement of the efficiency ofmultibeam echosounder noise removal using AI technology

BIM/CIM Case Studies ver. 1: Ports and Harbors(Improvement of Quality by Checking Interferencewith Reinforcing Bars)(Port and Harbor Department)International expansion/Public
information activities

Multibeam echo sounding

Introduction to facilities

 In promoting the use of BIM for infrastructure, there is alack of sharing of information on the problems faced whenusing BIM for infrastructure, know-how on how to solvethese problems, and the benefits of using BIM for
infrastructure in the design and construction fields.

Beneficial use of field data

 Measurement of workmanship of foundation work (rubble leveling) iseasily affected by marine conditions because divers manually
measure the workmanship in the sea. There is also room for
improvement in productivity and safety. On the other hand,
multibeam echosounders take time to remove noise.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement(Housing Department)

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Database (Excel)

Setting inspection routes

16Organization, budget, andemployees

5Efforts to expand the road sections where automated vehicles can fully apply their automateddriving on expressways

The spread and expansion of automated driving will be promoted by creating “a draft index to guide themaintenance and management of lane markings” suitable for the automated driving on expressways.

Recent developments

 On-board sensors in automated vehicles cannot detect the faint lane markings, and the lane keeping assist system (LKAS) does notwork.
 An analysis was conducted on the relationship between the corresponding faint level of lane markings and the detection status byon-board cameras.
 A draft index to guide the maintenance and management of lane markings will be created from the perspective of operating the lane
keeping assist system (LKAS) properly operational.
Image of lane markings detection

Introduction of research

When the lane markings become faint, on-board
sensors may not be able to detect the lane markings.

Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

17

Lane keeping assist system (LKAS): A system in which on-board sensors detect the lane markings andcontrol the steering wheel to keep the vehicle in the center of the lane automatically.

(Road Traffic Department)

6

Efforts toward self-driving and labor-saving airport snow removal vehicles

In order to cope with the shortage of drivers operating airport snow removal vehicles, we will aim to identify
technical issues with self-driving and labor-saving airport snow removal vehicles and develop operational andevaluation methods when this new technology is introduced.
 As the Japan’s working-age population decreases, it is anticipated that it will become difficult to secure operators in the future due to afall in and the progressing age of operators of snow removal vehicles. This poses a problem in maintaining the necessary framework forsnow removal at our airports.
 In order to address this issue, the introduction of automation and labor-saving technologies for airport snow removal is underconsideration as part of the Aviation Innovation utilizing advanced technologies and systems in the aviation field.
 We have collected data on the running position, route, running speed, and the vehicle operation of each snow plow currently in service(see the figure below right) in order to identify work that may possibly be performed by self-driving snow plows.
 Based on trends in technology development, we aim to revise operating standards required for the introduction of
automation/labor-saving technologies and devise a method for quantitatively evaluating benefits achieved in the area of labor savings
and work efficiency.

Runway 1 round trip

Plow operation (up)Plow operation (down)
Plow operation (left)
Plow operation (right)
Snow plow route
Operation time

Snowplow

Plow 33 (second plow)

Removal of snow left on
the runway and taxiway
boundary
監視者

Example of data collected on snow plow operation(Airport Department)

Realization of effective traffic congestion countermeasures through the use of big data

ETC 2.0 probe data, one of the big data sources, is used to calculate a bottleneck index to identify the starting
points of traffic congestion, which helps to reduce traffic congestion.

 A bottleneck index was developed based on ETC 2.0 probe data. In this index, speed reductions are divided into two categories: thosecaused at the starting point of the congestion (BN*1) and those caused by the effect of the starting point (AQ*2). This has made it easier to
identify bottleneck points.

Recent developments

 In order to propose effective countermeasures to reduce traffic congestion, it is necessary to accurately identify the starting points oftraffic congestion (bottleneck points).
 However, with the conventional method of using average travel speeds (speed contour plot), it is sometimes difficult to accurately identify
bottleneck points in urban areas where congestion occurs continuously, and average travel speeds are generally low.

Organization, budget, andemployees

7Intersection P

Intersection L

Intersection M
Intersection N
Intersection O

Intersection J

Intersection K

Intersection I

Intersection H

Intersection G

Intersection F

Intersection E

Intersection C

Intersection D

Other intersections

Intersection B

Direction of travel

Points of calculation

Bottleneck
index

BN*1

16:00–16:59
17:00–17:59
18:00–18:59

AQ*2

16:00–16:59
17:00–17:59
18:00–18:59

Accurate identificationof bottleneckintersections (B, F, L, P)

Speed
contourplot

Points of calculation
16:00–16:59

Speed 17:00–17:59
18:00–18:59

Legend for average speed: Less than 20 km/h

: 20–30 km/h

: 30–40 km/h

: 40 km/h or more

Accurate identificationof bottlenecks notpossible*1 BN: Abbreviation for bottleneck *2 AQ: Abbreviation for affected queue

8

Efforts to plan and propose port policies that reflect future changes in the market

We developed future cargo volume forecasts that accurately reflect changes in the global economic and social
conditions and the container transport market. This will support the planning and formulation of national port
policies and the revision of port plans by port management bodies.

<Forecasting model for foreign trade port cargo volume>
INPUT

Area A
Consumption

Savings

HouseholdPrivateIncomeBankJapaneseport ARoad

Area B

DirectHouseholdConsumption

PrivateGovernment

Government

Transaction

OUTPUT• Trade value• CargovolumeProducer
ImportInvestment

Service
Transportation

Producer
ExportRailroad
Production
area

Overseas
destination
port

Domestic shipping
FeederJapaneseport B

Overseas T/S Port

(Port and Harbor Department)International expansion/Public
information activities• GDP• Population• Tariff• Exchange
rate• Transportation
costs etc.

CGE model
t+1 period Investment
t period
Area C<Port and route choice model for foreign trade container cargo>

Introduction to facilities

 The forecasting model for Japan's overall foreign trade port cargo volume and the port and route choice model for foreign trade container
cargo are continuously improved to calculate future forecasts.
 Quantitative evaluation is conducted on the impact of recent rapid changes that existing models cannot take into account, such aschanges caused by COVID-19 and the movement toward a zero-emission society. The evaluation is used to develop a method that reflects
these changes in future forecasts.

Beneficial use of field data Accurate estimation of future port cargo volumes is necessary for planning and formulating port policies and revising port plans.
 It is now difficult to foresee the future because of the impact of the spread of COVID-19, the movement toward a zero-emission society,the progress of the mega-EPA and the rise of protectionism, the supply chain crisis due to tight international container transport capacity,and other factors.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement(Road Traffic Department)

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Legend for thebottleneck index

Introduction of researchIntersections thatare bottleneck
pointsIntersection A

Comparison of bottleneck index and speed contour plot (example of examination in an urban area where the average travel speed is generally low)18

Organization, budget, andemployees
Recent developments
Introduction of research
Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

19

3. Research to support comfortable and secure living
1

Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from sewerage system

The development of energy recovery technology using the primary sedimentation tank will increase the amount of
biogas generated and reduce the amount of electricity consumed by the reaction tank. This thereby contributes tothe reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the sewage system.
 In conventional sewage treatment, solids arecollected in the primary sedimentation tank and thenaerated in a reaction tank to decompose dissolved
components. (Power consumption is an issue.) Biogas is generated from solids (sludge) in thedigestion process and used as fuel.

An example of a conventional sewage treatment system
Increased power
Only sinking components
for aeration
are separated.

Aeration decomposition
by consuming electricity

Treated water

From gritchamber
To concentration

Primary
sedimentation tank

Reaction tankPrimary sludge

Final sedimentation tank
Return sludge

Excess sludgeP

A proposal for a new sewage treatment system

 Under the Breakthrough by Dynamic Approach in
Dissolved components are also
recovered and digested.
Sewage High Technology Project (the B-DASH Project),the technology to recover dissolved components in
From grit
Sludgethe primary sedimentation tank is developed.
chamber thickening tank
Reactiontank Electricity used for aeration of the reaction tank can To digestion Concentrated sludge
be reduced. Also, biogas generation increases
Highly efficient energy recovery technology
because of an increase in the amount of sludge
collected in the primary sedimentation tank.

Utilized as energy without performing aeration decomposition

Treated water

Primary
sedimentation tank2

Reaction tank

Reduced power
for aeration

Final sedimentation tank
Return sludge

Excess sludge

P(Water Quality Control Department)

Study for coastal ecosystem restoration

Development of the technology to promote an understand the network structure (spatial scale of network andlinkage between habitats and the thickness of each linkage) among habitats of living organisms in the sea
contributes to a sea rich in living organisms.
Genotype Understanding the network structure is helpful todetermine effective habitat allocation.

X 50 repetitions

X 50 repetitions
Parent and child

Mother snail

 Development of a DNA analysis method forunderstanding the spatial scale of habitat network
 Development of a method for parent-child identification
to determine the linkage between habitats and thethickness of each linkage.

X 50 repetitions

Estimated spatial scale ofeach network of the mudsnail Batillaria attramentaria

Not parent and child

Method for parent-child identification based on genotype(Coastal, Marine and Disaster Prevention Department)

3

Improvement of comfort through proper maintenance and management of roadside plantings

By presenting on-site application methods for preventing infrastructure damage by street tree roots and weed
control of street trees, beautiful plantings are maintained without interfering with road traffic and contribute to theimprovement of comfort in the road space and roadside environment.
 In areas with planting along roads, traffic obstruction
due to infrastructure damage by street tree roots,
obstruction of visibility due to the overgrowth ofweeds, and deterioration of the landscape occur.
 High-quality greening that can comprehensively
demonstrate greening functions while maintaining
road traffic functions is necessary.
 The effectiveness of each measure is verified throughtest constructions and case studies.
 Methods and points to note for on-site application
are organized and reflected in the maintenance andmanagement guidelines for road greening.

Infrastructuredamage bystreet tree roots(1) Cutting the root system

Weed growth(2) Placing root growth
prevention sheets(1) Weed growth prevention (2) Mulching with recycled
sheetmaterials (waste roof tiles)

ボラード(3) Expansion of planting area

(4) Updating

Prevention of infrastructure damage by street tree roots

ボラード(3) Ground cover plants(4) Allelopathic plants

Weed control methods(Research Center for Infrastructure Management)Tubless bathrooms in residential bathrooms to reduce drowning accidents

Through the development of barrier-free standards for tubless bathrooms, we will contribute to the reduction ofdrowning accidents among the elderly at home and the reduction in the caregivers' burden.

5(4) Handrail

Shape: □#☆
Height: approximately ◎○ to △△ cm☆◎ cm or lessShape of the step:□＃☆

(5) Equipment layout: □＃☆
(2) Length of the shortest section
inside the bathroom: approximately◎○ to △△ cm

Tubless bathroom

Example of possible standards for the tubless bathroom

Image of verification experimentof handrail positions and shapes(Housing Department)

Efforts to improve efficiency of reducing vacant houses

Through research on preventive measures against the mismanagement of vacant houses, we will contribute to
reducing the cost of vacant house management for the government.
[Without preventive measures]
Insufficient
preventive measures

Cost ofCalculation dealing

with vacanthouses andthe risk ofmismanagement• Increased risk of collapse etc.
• Higher cost of disposal etc.

Comparison

図・
写真等
Preventive measures[Strengthened preventive measures]

Appropriate
management• Vacant houses are expected
to be reused or
redistributed in the market.

Calculation Cost of

management andpreventive
measures

Disposal(Housing Department)

Solution to urban problems by supporting the development of smart cities

 The theme of a smart city is multidisciplinary, covering transportation, lifestylesupport, and disaster prevention. Available new technologies are also diverse.
 Support is needed for local governments to turn their cities into smart cities.

Given conditions
 Spatial characteristics of cities (population distribution, urban
structure, etc.)
 Details of plans for introducing new technologies based on the above
 Automated driving
 Unmanned last
mile delivery ...

Per-unit consumption by user attributes
for the introduction of each new technology
Serviceusage rate

Serviceconversion
rate

Ratio ofpeoplegoing out

Amount ofpurchase

Effectiveness in solving urban problems(e.g., calculation of KPIs)

Drones (unmanned delivery)[Localresidents]

Travel time
reductioneffectTransportation
cost reduction
effect[Businesses]

Labor cost reduction effect

Healthpromotioneffect…

…
…

Method for evaluating the effectiveness of solving the problem
of vulnerable shoppers (image)[Reduction of creation andupdate costs]
Use of 3D point cloud survey
data etc.

[Extension of 3D city model]
Creation of detailed
specifications for buildings,
trees, etc.

[Development of use cases]
Implementation of studies, suchas the evaluation of the impact
of street trees on wind paths(Urban Planning Department)International expansion/Public
information activities

Automated driving bus

 On-demand bus
 Mobility as aService (MaaS)×[New technologies that
may be utilized to solve
problems]

 A low-cost method that uses existing data isdeveloped.
 Use cases for running advanced simulation of urban
environment, disaster prevention, etc. are developedby extending common specifications.

Introduction to facilities New technologies that can be used to solve urban problems are
systematically organized.
 A planning evaluation method is developed to measure the effectiveness of
new technologies in solving major urban problems.

 Promotion of the development of 3D city models asbasic data for smart cities is necessary.
 Challenges include the reduction of the creation andupdate costs and development of diverse use cases.

Beneficial use of field data

We contribute to the formation of efficient and sustainable smart cities through the use of new technologies tosolve urban problems and the development of technologies for the use of 3D urban models.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

 The cost of dealing with vacant houses in the municipalities
and the cost for owners to manage the vacant houses arecalculated based on cases where preventive measures are
implemented and where they are not.
 A tool to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of
preventive measures against mismanagement is developed.

6

Unmanaged
vacant house

Support for accident anddisaster responses

 There are concerns about the future increase in vacanthouses. There are also limits to dealing with mismanaged
vacant houses later.
 It is necessary to strengthen and promote preventive
measures to prevent vacant houses from being left
unmanaged.

Introduction of research Using a full-scale test model, basic data, such as bathroom types andbathing behavior based on user characteristics, are gathered andverified.
 A draft barrier-free standard for tubless bathrooms is developed,
covering safety and the autonomy of users and ease of assistance.

(1) Size (required area): ☆◎m2 or more
(3) Step at theentrance

Recent developments

 The number of accidents involving the drowning of elderly people
while bathing at home is increasing, and there is an urgent need forsuch measures as tubless bathrooms.
 There are no technical standards for functions and performancerequired for tubless bathrooms, bathroom size, handrail position, etc.

Organization, budget, andemployees

420Organization, budget, andemployees

Advanced technical support and countermeasures for accident
TEC-FORCE and other dispatches by NILIM over the past three years

Recent developments
Introduction of research

In the event of a disaster, NILIM dispatches experts with advanced technical knowledge in various fields to theaffected areas upon request. In particular, in the event of an extensive disaster, the TEC-FORCE* and other teams aredispatched to provide strong support for the prevention of secondary disasters and the restoration of disaster-stricken
areas.
In recent years, we have dispatched experts to areas devastated by Typhoons Faxai (#15) and Hagibis (#19) in 2019,
torrential rain in July 2020, Typhoon Haishen* Technical Emergency Control Force
TEC-FORCE is a dispatch team organized by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport(#10) in 2020, heavy rain that lasted from July 1,
and Tourism in FY 2008 to survey the damage and provide technical support to local
2021, and torrential rain in August 2021.
governments in affected areas in the event of a large-scale natural disaster.

 Past dispatches
FY 2021:

 Legend
Solid line: Disasters to which NILIM dispatched the TEC-FORCE
Dashed line: Disasters other than those mentioned above

12 disasters
82 person-days

Support for accident anddisaster responses

FY 2020:

9 disasters
105 person-days

FY 2019:

8 disasters
156 person-days[Disasters caused by torrential rains in 2021](Heavy rain that lasted from July 1 and heavy rain in August)Atami City, Numazu City, Shimizu Town, and Shizuoka City in
Shizuoka Prefecture
Nagano City, Okaya City, and Agematsu Town in Nagano
Prefecture
Nakatsugawa City in Gifu Prefecture
Otsu City in Shiga Prefecture
Mihara City and Akitakata City in Hiroshima etc.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

We will contribute to the advancement of disaster response technologies by researching the effective use ofexisting facilities, such as CCTV cameras and satellites, in the event of a large-scale disaster, as well as preventive
measures against strong winds.

Introduction to facilities

 Spectrum analysis information
Estimation of the scale and extent of damage during the period
immediately after an earthquake by comparing the acceleration
response spectrum of the earthquake with the damage line created on
the basis of previous earthquakes. This is utilized during the initial phase
Damage lineof disaster
Damage line: A guideline of the[Observation points that exceeded the entire damage line]
occurrence of damage to structures
6+ Soma (NIED)
response.
in past earthquakes; damage has
6- Kakuda (NIED)
been limited below this level.

International expansion/Public
information activities

Estimated natural period

Bridges in general

6- Ishinomaki (NIED)
6-Furukawa (NIED) Seismic intensity
6-Haramachi (NIED) at each
6- Iwanuma (NIED) observation point
6- Toyosato (NIED)
5+ Fukushima (NIED)
5- Inawashiro (NIED)
5-Naruko (NIED)

Image of viewing

Check CCTV camera footage.

Long span bridge (span length > 200 m)

Check the location of CCTV
cameras, seismic intensity, etc.

Periodic band in which damage to housing is substantial

Natural period (s)2103 List of CCTV cameras
Cameras in areas where strong tremors were observed are
extracted and used to quickly assess the situation.

[Observation points that exceeded the damage line]

Maximum response acceleration (m/s2)

Beneficial use of field data

Advancement of disaster Response technologies Research on a method for estimating landslide areas from satellite SAR images

 The observation range of Daichi-4 (ALOS-4) is expanded compared to that of the SAR satellite Daichi-2 (ALOS-2) currently in use. This
increases the amount of data to be processed, and the efficiency of the process of interpreting SAR images, for example, needs to be
increased.
 The reliability of estimating the location of landslide was compared between multiple methods that excel in the processing of SAR dataof wide area observation, and methods that use visual interpretation.

Recent developments

Satellite SAR images, which can be taken at night and in bad weather, are used to quickly identify areas wherelandslides have occurred.

Organization, budget, andemployees

and disaster response Advancement of technologies

Introduction of research

Intensity difference analysis

Coherence analysis

Orthophoto

Example of estimation results for each method (Torrential rain in July 2018 in Higashihiroshima City)

We will develop methods for evaluating wind-resistance diagnostics and wind-resistance reinforcement technologies
for existing roofing materials to promote repairs. This will contribute to improving the wind resistance performance ofthe existing building stocks as a whole and to ensuring occupancy and business continuity in the event of high winds.

Example of damage to tile roofs
caused by a typhoon(Typhoon Faxai in 2019)Year of construction, construction method,
condition of the location

Primary diagnosis

Simplified methodby resident oradministrator

Detailed method
Secondary diagnosis by architectural experts
Reinforcing roofing
materials?

Necessary

Unnecessary

Image of wind resistance diagnostic method
for existing roofing materials

Wind pressure resistance test of metal plate roofing

Loading test on joints of folded plate roofs

Example of a test conducted in FY 2021 on the overlay method for a steel plate roofingInternational expansion/Public
information activities

Identificationof high winddamage risk

Introduction to facilities

 We developed a wind-resistance diagnostic method that reliably identifies vulnerable roofing
materials by using factors that affect the risk of high wind damage to roofing materials as anindicator.
 The wind resistance performance level is clarified for repair methods of various roofing materials. In
addition, evaluation methods for wind-resistant reinforcement technologies are proposed using
strength tests and other means.

Beneficial use of field data Recent typhoons have scattered roofing materials and blown wind and rain indoors, making it
difficult to continue living in the residence or operating a business.
 An analysis of damage caused by Typhoon Faxai on the Boso Peninsula in 2019 revealed that roofs
built using older construction methods tended to suffer greater damage.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

 Study to promote retrofitting of strong roofs against high winds

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Visual interpretation

22

Organization, budget, andemployees
Recent developments
Introduction of research
Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

23
03

Competence in new technologies of in-house engineers on the frontline.
Hosting of personnel Accepting people from local governments and private businesses
NILIM is accepting people from local governments and private businesses as exchange researchers and supporting them in
improving their technical skills through technical guidance and workshops. (Number of exchange researchers accepted: 43 asof April 2022)

 Accepting officials from Regional Development Bureaus
We accept officials from Regional Development Bureaus who have realized field issues through their work as researchers or staff
holding two posts for a certain period to help improve their skills. The officials who have acquired technical skills would returnto their Regional Development Bureaus and actively work as core technicians in their respective regions.

Completing and strengthening training
NILIM holds training sessions and lecture courses and sends out lecturers in order to spreadand establish its technical policy and improve the technological level of society as a whole.
(Dispatch of lecturers in FY 2020: 287 cases as of the end of March 2022)(Number of training courses in FY 2021: 32 courses with 1,266 participants [Yokosuka Office
No. 2])

Support for local issues

Airport Estimation and Facility CALS Course

NILIM works with local offices and other local agencies to resolve issues that arise in the field.
NILIM dispatches personnel to the Sediment Disaster Prevention Technology Center of the Kinki Regional Development Bureau
to perform research and technical development concerning large-scale sediment disasters.

Technology consultation
NILIM constantly provides national government agencies, local governments, and other organizations with technical support ofvarious kinds for policy implementation and project execution. For example, the Coast Division looks after a technical support
counter for storm surge flooding simulations necessary for the preparation of maps, which show areas likely to be affected bystorm surge flooding as created by prefectural governors based on the Flood Control Act.

 Technical Consultation Office
NILIM Technical Consultation Office was established in December 2014. Covering all fields over which NILIM is in charge, thisone-stop service provides consultations regarding all fields and facilities.
Tunnels

Earthquakes
RiversRiver Department
Head of the River Division
Fukushima Masaki

Road Structures Department
Head of the Earthquake
Disaster Management Division
Nakao Yoshihiro

Bridges

Sewerage

Road Structures Department
Head of the Bridge andStructures Division
Shirato Masahiro

Water Quality Control Department
Head of the Wastewater
System Division
Yoshida Toshiaki

Bridges

Road Structures Department
Head of the Foundation, Tunnel,
and Substructures Division
Nishida HideakiRoad Earthworks

Sabo

Disastercountermeasures

Pavements etc.

Coast

River Department
Head of the Flood Disaster
Prevention Division
Inoue Kiyotaka

River Department
Head of the Coast Division
Kato Fuminori

Sabo Department
Head of the Sabo
Risk-Management Division
Nakaya Hiroaki Contact (Email: nil-gijutsusoudan@gxb.mlit.go.jp)
Manager of the Planning Division,
Rural Area Policy Planning Department (Tel: 029-864-4343)

Road Structures Department
Head of the Pavement andEarthworks Division
Watanabe Kazuhiro

Dams

River Department
Head of the Large-Scale
Hydraulic Structure Division
Sakurai Toshiyuki

RiversRiver Department
Research Coordinatorfor River Structures
Kondo Masafumi

 Website URL
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bbg/tec-soudan

NILIM is reorganizing housing and social infrastructure-related data collected for administrative purposes and using
it for research and to support on-site operations.

Deterioration analysis data of road bridges managed by the national
government, obtained through periodic inspections, were organizedbased on deterioration characteristics under 272 conditions andposted on the website as NILIM Reference Data No. 985.

The database of sewer pipe deterioration, which collects the resultsof inspections by local governments and organizes information suchas deterioration assessment results, is made available to the public.
The database covers approximately 310,000 spans from
60 local governments as of May 2021.

End
sectionMiddlesectionSewerage ledgers of local governments

Data required for soundness ratio projection

The database of sewer pipe
deterioration can completes
the data!

Elapsed years

50%

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

25%

Elapsed years

75%

e
d
c
b
a

50%
25%
0%

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

各損傷度の比率edcbaElapsed yearseDamage (large)

Pipe diameter
Types of sewer systems etc.

a Damage (small): Required data

Soundness ratio
prediction formulaSoundness ratio

100%

75%

0%

Percentage of damage by severity

100%

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Pipe type
Deterioration assessment results(through closed-circuit televisioninspections)Elapsed years: As necessary

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

End sections deteriorate quickly.
Image of inspection data of 24,000 bridges
managed by the government

Image of the database of sewer pipe deterioration

Information related to applications for energy conservation
standards based on the Act on the Rational Use of Energy (15,000
cases/year).
Energy conservation performance and design specifications (heatinsulation performance, efficiency of air-conditioning equipment,etc.) were organized for office buildings etc. and posted on thewebsite as NILIM Reference Data No. 1143.
The study also contributes to the promotion of the government's
energy-saving measures established in response to the 2050
Declaration on Carbon Neutrality.

Maritime big data, such as global ship dimension data (Lloyd's data),
ship location data (land-based and satellite-based AIS data), andcargo flow data (PIERS data) are analyzed, and the results are
published as needed.

Number of cases = 7,699, mean = 0.76, median = 0.77

Sea ice concentration

Barents
Sea

Yamal Peninsula

East Siberian Sea

Compiled from JAXA satellite AIS data and sea ice concentration data
 indicates observed movements color-coded by vessels.

BeringStraitPevek

Example of vessel movements along the Northern Sea Routeusing satellite AIS data
Energy conservation performance
evaluation index BEIm
Examples of published data
Distribution of energy conservation performance
evaluation index (warm regions)International expansion/Public
information activities

Number of cases

Total

If the energy efficiency
conservation
evaluation index, BEIm,
is less than 1.0, thebuilding is judged tocomply with theenergy conservation
standard.
The average BEIm inwarm regions is 0.76.

Sea ice conditions and vessel locations in
the Arctic Ocean in August 2020

Introduction to facilities

Support for port policies through theanalysis of maritime big data

Beneficial use of field data

Support for planning of energy conservation
measures for office buildings etc.

Murmansk

Introduction of research

Support for promoting physical asset
management of sewerage

Recent developments

Supporting the establishment of amaintenance cycle for road bridges

Organization, budget, andemployees

Collection, analysis, and management of data forming
the technical basis of policy formation and return to society

24Organization, budget, andemployees

Introduction to facilities
Asahi Office Tachihara Office
Asahi Office and Tachihara Office are in Tsukuba City, and numerous experimental facilities are deployed in the enormous compounds.

Recent developments

Tachihara Office

Test course
Test course with the length of 6,152 meters. Tests are carried out on road drivability, safety, androad-to-vehicle coordination technology etc. Findings are reflected in road-related technicalstandards, such as the Road Structure Ordinance.

Specifications□ Total length: Approx. 6.2 km□ Number of lanes: 3

Tachihara Office□ Curve section

North loop design speed: 100 km/h
South loop design speed: 120 km/h

Introduction of research

Asahi Office

Collision experiment facility
Front gate

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Construction DX experimental field(outdoor experimental facility
for construction machinery)In this experimental facility, vehicles are crashedinto traffic safety facilities, such as protective
guard fences, to develop, improve, and examine
the functions of such traffic safety facilities.
Vehicles are moved using the power of winches sothat it can accelerateunmanned.
The facility is used
for the experiments
necessary for therevision of technicalstandards, such as
setting the strength
performance of protective fences and examining
their structure and specifications.
It is also used for experiments by the private
sector for the development and improvement of
new types of protective fences.

Asahi Office

5 Full-scale tunnel experiment facility
Various experiments are conducted using a full-scale tunnel with a length of 700 m and across-sectional area of 45.5 m2, which is unparalleled in the world.
We conducted fire experiments on actual buses to grasp how the smoke flows. The findings of theexperiments were used for designing tunnel ventilation and fire control facilities and theexamination of operation standards.

Noise test facility

Indoor experiment facility for signs

Shared experiment building
for hydraulic research
Shared experiment building
for hydraulic researches
Shared experiment building
for water quality and hydrology
Intelligent experiment building

Experimental facility for non-pole technology

Beneficial use of field data

96

Bridge removal materials
Road foundation structure experimental facility

Marine and coastal experiment facility

Research reference hall

Test course
ITS multi-environment
research building

LegendParts storage facility

Ni

A blockRiver hydraulic experiment facility

B block

Experimental channel for greening

D blockRiver model experiment facility

H block

7

(N

at
io

200m

300m

lR

d

40

Full-scale tunnel experiment facility

Water quality experiment facility
Ci
rc

ul

ar

Greening experiment field

400m

oa

Videos of various experiments
conducted at NILIM
and explanatory videos
can be found here.

510* Buildings and lots other than those indicatedabove are those of the Public Works ResearchInstitute, Building Research Institute, and thePort and Airport Research Institute.
100m

ue

8)

Experimental channel withlarge-scale embankment model andhigh flow velocity experimental channel

G block

0m

iA
ve
n

Experimental wave channel

Eブ
ロ
ッ
ク

Introduction to facilities

F blockshna

C block

E blockInternational expansion/Public
information activities

25

Experimental wastewater
treatment facility

Gブ
ロ
ッ
ク

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

Annex of the Main Research
Building (7th and 8th floors)

Collision test facility

ch

an

ne

l
Centralswitchingstation

500m

Rental of research facilities at the Asahi Office
ITS Center Building

Research facilities of NILIM can be rented for a fee by outside organizations within a range that
does not obstruct the operations of NILIM.
Inquiries: Planning and Research Administration Department, Research Facilities Division
Tel: 029-864-2674
Reference website: http://www.nilim.go.jp/japanese/nilim-pr/sisetuinfo/labo/ index.html

New traffic experiment facility*OOrganization, budget, andemployees

Yokosuka Office
Front
gate

Recent developments

Yokosuka Office
The main building was completed
in April 2004. It has a light court in
an atrium to allow naturalventilation and natural lighting toenter the research laboratories.
The building also has solar panels
and rooftop greening. These andother features are designed toprotect the global environment.

Guard station

Sotohatake

50m

100m

Introduction of research0m

Aircraft load simulator
Various experiments on airport
pavements, such as runways,
taxiways, and aprons, areconducted using equipmentthat runs the same load as areal aircraft (B747-400).

Typhoon experiment wind wave
channelThis is one of the largest wind wave channels inJapan where model tests on storm surges, highwaves, strong winds, and tsunamis are conducted.
We are conducting research to protect large cities
and ports from natural disasters using a wind blower,a wave maker, and a pump to generatetyphoon-level winds, waves, and currents.

Parts of bridges, which were actually used, are used for research to study road bridge maintenancestandards and design and execution technology standards.
For example, the effect of repair andreinforcement work can be obtained byexamining the strength of a bridge
reinforced with cover plates.

This is used for hydraulic experiments
concerning shore protection in order to protect
the lives of people from the danger of storm
surges, high waves, tsunami, and coastal
erosion.
ak
wave-mPlane

Road foundation structure

9 experiment facility

This facility reproduces damage to roads (such as
the generation of road surface bumps) and uneven
subsidence during earthquakes to verify roadtechnology that is resistant to grounddeformation.

lity

ing faci

10 Experimental channel with large-scale embankment model

7 River model experiment facility

16.0 k up to 19.0 k
can be reproduced.
Model scale: 1/40

 Hydraulic experiment on the reinforcement of slopes
2.3 m
Porous sheet

Togetsukyo
Bridge2.0 m
Slope pavement
1:1.5

：

Upstream of the Togetsukyo Bridge

Foundation work

Foundation ground
Silica sand No. 4(d60 = 0.8 mm)
Katsura River

In normal times

Katsura River

In the event of heavy rains

Model

Other facilities include a sediment hydraulic test channel, a river hydraulic model test facility, a high velocity test channel, and a full-scale aeration test facility.

International expansion/Public
information activities

 Experiment (Togetsukyo Bridge)
Upstream of the Togetsukyo Bridge

Introduction to facilities

 Overall view of the facility(Katsuragawa-Arashiyama District River Model Experiment Facility)

Beneficial use of field data

The experimental channel with a large-scaleembankment model uses models close to actual
size to study the external forces acting on river
structures, such as levees and their failure
mechanisms, and to study rational design methods
for river structures.
Crisis-management hard countermeasures(riverbank construction that extends the time untilbank collapses as much as possible), which reduce
damage even in the case of an overflow, are carriedout based on the expertise etc. obtained fromexperimental results using this overflow channel.

This is a sprawling 15-hectare facility locatedoutdoors. Up to 15 river models can be set upon the site.
For example, the river model experiment facility
in the Katsuragawa-Arashiyama District grasps
the hydraulic phenomena in the Arashiyama
District, where it is difficult to obtain data on
hydraulic phenomena because of complicatedland features and whose observation data arevery limited, via hydraulic model experiments
for use in implementing flood measures.

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

Specimens cut out of dismantled bridge members

Support for accident anddisaster responses

Marine and coastal
experiment facility

6 Bridge removal materials

26Organization, budget, andemployees
Recent developments
Introduction of research
Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

27

International research activities
NILIM is promoting international research activities based on the perspectives of “Technical contribution to domestic
policy”, “Technical cooperation with developing countries”, and “Overseas deployment of infrastructure systems”.

Technical contribution to domestic policy
Activities as international consortium: Sabo Department
As a member of the consortium launched in FY 2020, NILIM takes part in international forums and in technicaldocuments editing. These activities are conducive in identifying trends of landslide early warning systems in various
countries, including permission of the right to issue advisories to the private sector, and domestic studies of sediment,
and Landslide Alert Information.

Discussion on highway bridges: Road Structures Department
The U.S.-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop was held based on theJapan-U.S. Memorandum of Cooperation on Traffic Infrastructure. New
knowledge obtained on seismic design and repair/reinforcement projects,
as well as new construction methods and materials, is being used for studyof guidelines and standards for design of new road structures and bridge
inspections, repair, and reinforcement.

The U.S.-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop

Technical cooperation with developing countries
Cooperation with JICA projects and training:
River Department, Research Center for Infrastructure Management,
and Administrative Coordination Department
Four training sessions were conducted online in FY 2021, including dam
safety management, project management in social infrastructure
construction and maintenance, and port maintenance.
Training on port development and planning(for port engineers)

Overseas deployment of infrastructure systems
Cooperation in the development of the national technical standards for port and harbour facilities of the Socialist
Republic of Viet Nam: Port and Harbor Department• Cooperation in the development of the national technical standards of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam based on
the memorandum of understanding signed between the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism ofJapan and the Ministry of Transport of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.
• Based on the above MOU, which was renewed in FY 2020, Web workshops were held in FY 2021.

Exchange of the memorandum (October 19, 2020)

Web workshop with the Viet Nam counterpart

Activities related to ISO:
Water Quality Control Department, Building Department, Research Center for Infrastructure Management, etc.
Participated in TC to review and discuss the respective standards

Cooperation with external organizations

 Contract research
Research aiming to achieve better research results efficiently by
entrusting to other organizations
 Joint research
Research aiming to achieve better research results byconducting joint research with other organizations

 Social experimentThis is an experiment on the implementation of research resultswith a local government etc.

Research evaluation
Internal evaluations and external evaluations of individual research subjects, achievements, and the operation of institutions are
performed on the basis of the General Guidelines on the Evaluation of National R&D to build an independent and individual management
cycle, promote, and improve the quality of research activities.
NILIM strives to improve the quality of research results by introducing systems allowing external experts to evaluate individual researchsubjects that are priority research projects from a wide range of perspectives.
New research
issue(candidate)• Reflecting research results in

Preevaluation

Evaluate necessity and validity
when starting new R&DInterimreportInterim report (partially implemented):
Receive opinions on ongoing researchand take the necessary action, such as
reviewing plans

 External evaluation of R&D organization

policies etc.
PostCompletion of evaluation• Reflecting in proposals of
research
new research plans
Post-evaluation:

Evaluate R&D results and reflect
these in future improvement anddissemination of R&D results

Follow-up
surveyFollow-up survey (partially implemented):
Evaluate reflection of results in policies andsecondary effects, and reflect these in theexamination of future R&D issues and otheractivities

Outside experts evaluate research activities as a whole at NILIM, as well as environment improvement initiatives that support the research
activities, and NILIM strives to improve its operation based on these results.

Internal training

We conduct compliance activities according to the promotion plan for the current fiscal year while giving due consideration to themonitoring results and advisory opinions of the Compliance Advisory Committee (External Expert Committee).

Response to misconduct in research
In addition to establishing NILIM Guidelines for Responding to Misconduct in Research, NILIM makes efforts to improve awareness of
research ethics to prevent misconduct (fabrication, falsification, and plagiarizing).

International expansion/Public
information activities

ComplianceInternal presentation meetingfor young researchers

Introduction to facilities

The research and administrative divisions work together to effectively combine off-JT and OJT to
systematically develop young personnel. In-house research presentation sessions are held for young
researchers who have little experience in presenting their research. Study groups led by young researchers arealso held to strengthen their development through mutual learning.
Experience and Know-how Transmission Lectures are held in order to make use of the accumulation ofresearch, experience, and know-how of predecessors for improving the skills of each staff member.

Beneficial use of field data

Pre-evaluation:

Start ofresearch

Support for fieldtechnology improvement

 External evaluation of individual research subjects

Support for accident anddisaster responses

 International cooperation
The aim is to improve the quality of research results of NILIM andto give technical support to other countries (international
contribution) through joint research, as well as regular informationexchange between overseas research institutes and NILIM.
Indonesia Department of Public Works and Department of Citizen
Housing Road Research Institute, Korean Research Institute for Human
Settlement, Sri Lanka Ministry of Disaster Management National
Building Research Organization, German Federal Institute for
Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development, etc.

Introduction of research Call for technologies
IIt aims to promote the use of superior technologies by inviting
technologies from the public, which will be tested on-site by the
MLIT.

 Domestic cooperation
The aim is to develop education and research on the university
side and to contribute to the activities of NILIM throughcoordination and cooperation between universities and NILIM.
University of Tsukuba, Kansai University, Tokyo University of
Science, etc.

Recent developments

By implementing joint research, contract research, calls for technologies, and social experiments and by concluding agreements andleveraging technologies provided by industry and academia, as well as knowledge of different fields, such as social science and thehumanities, NILIM strives to improve the efficiency and quality of its research.

Organization, budget, andemployees

Management initiatives supporting high-quality research

28Organization, budget, andemployees
Recent developments
Introduction of research
Support for accident anddisaster responses
Support for fieldtechnology improvement
Beneficial use of field data
Introduction to facilities
International expansion/Public
information activities

29

To create a deeper understanding of NILIM
WebsiteLectures

NILIM actively provides information, including
an outline of NILIM, direction of research activities,
research subjects, results, and event information.
Visit this site to view information about lecture
meetings, open houses, open experiments, andother PR information.

NILIM Lectures
NILIM Lectures are held
annually to introduce the activities
of NILIM, such as presenting its
research outcomes and making
recommendations to solve
technology-related policy
NILIM Lectures (December 2019)
challenges.
The lectures have been held online via
YouTube since FY 2020.
It also holds specialist lecture meetings andsymposiums in each field whenever necessary.

(URL: http://www.nilim.go.jp/)

NILIM YouTube channel
Videos of experiments and lectures in the fieldof housing and social capital of NILIM are available
on YouTube with easy-to-understand explanations.

Email service

Lectures on demand

Emails are usually sent twice a month toprovide brief and timely information on theactivities and research outcomes of NILIM.
You can register to receive our email service
by using the QR code on the right.

Lectures on demand are held withthe aim of having NILIM researchers
go directly to schools etc. to explain
research contents and answer
questions while holding open
communications with people.
Online lectures are also available
in order to prevent the spread of
COVID-19.
(Lectures given in FY 2021: 29 lectures)

NILIM Report
This annual publication introduces and explains research trends
and examples of how they are reflected in policies and compiles
recommendations for technological policy issues. (The full report ispublished on NILIM website.)

View of a lecture

Open house and facility tour

Comprehensive Research Report of NILIM
A Comprehensive Research Report of NILIM
is a report of the research results that haveacademic value, contribute to the planning andenactment of policy, or present the results ofsurveys, testing, observations, etc. thatare deemed valuable enough to bereleased to the public(The full report is published on NILIM
website.)Open houses are held to introduce
NILIM facilities and research projects
to visitors.
Facility tours are also available atany time to introduce our researchfacilities and research projects.
Open houses are being
suspended for the time being in orderto prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Facility tour

Presenting papers

Recruiting activities

NILIM announces approximately 560 papers per year andreceives awards for papers in many fields from both inside andoutside of Japan.

NILIM is recruiting people whowork with us to realize a safe,
reliable, vibrant, and attractive
national land and society.
Please visit our website for thelatest information.

• Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia (REAAA)
Katahira Award for Outstanding Paper (September 2021)• Pavement Engineering Committee, Japan Society of Civil
Engineers
Pavement Engineering Paper Encouragement Award (December
2021)

Contest for making bridges
out of cardboard(the award ceremony)

Access
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (Tsukuba) Asahi OfficeHigh Energy Accelerator
Research Organization

NILIM
Tachihara
OfficeM

Tsuchiura Kita IC

Public Works
Research Instituteito

National Research Institutefor Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
Sakuragawa

Tsukuba Botanical Garden

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University ofTsukuba Hospital

Tsukuba Center

Tsukuba Express

Sakura-Tsuchiura IC

JR Joban Line
Ueno Station About 60 minutes

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For Tsukuba Center
About 30 minutes*1*2

PublicWorks
Research
Institute

Building
Research
Institute or
National Institutefor School
Teachers andStaff
Development

Get off
at bus stop

Get off
at bus stop

Kantetsu Bus

For Building ResearchInstituteor for Shimotsuma

Station

About 20 minutes
Taxi
About 15 minutes

Tachihara
OfficeNon-highway road
About 30 minutes

Yatabe IC,
Tsukuba-Chuo IC, or
Sakura-Tsuchiura IC

Misato JCT

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Yatabe IC

Entrance toGakuen Higashi
AvenueAsahi
OfficeTsukuba
StationKantetsu Bus etc.
Highway Bus bound for Tsukuba Center or University of Tsukuba
Tokyo Station
About 70 minutes
Yaesu South
Exit
Kantetsu Bus etc.
Ibaraki Airport
bound for Tsukuba Center
Haneda Airport
NaritaInternational
AirportJoban Expressway
Shuto
About 35 minutes
ExpresswaynL

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MeteorologicalResearch Institute
Sasagi

Taxi
About 15 minutes

Tsukuba Express
About 45 minutes by Rapid Service

ine

Doho Park

NILIM (Tsukuba)

Tsuku Bus Yoshinuma Shuttle
About 20 minutes

Kenkyugakuen
Station

About 49 minutes by Regional Rapid Service
Akihabara
StationNational Institute forEnvironmental Studies

ven

Science Avenue

JR Tsuchiura
StationTsukuba Center for Institutes

ori A

A
uk kihaubba E araxp
ressTransportation guide to NILIM (Tsukuba)

E

National Institute for Materials Science
Tsukuba Space Center
National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology

Tsukuba-chuo IC

Ts

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Front gate
Building Research Institute

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Tsukuba Station
Kenkyugakuen
StationFront gate

ito

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Tsukuba University of Technology
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

National Institutefor School Teachers and Staff
Development(to Tsukuba Center)

NILIM (Tsukuba)

University ofTsukuba

National Institute for School
Teachers and Staff Development(bound for Shimotsuma Station)

National Institute for
School Teachers andStaff Development

Tsukuba Center (Platform 5)

Public Works
Research Institute1 Tachihara, Tsukuba City,
Ibaraki 305-0802 Japan
Tel: 029-864-3742

NILIM Public
Works
Research
Institute
Entrance

Building Research Institute

NILIM
Asahi
Office Tachihara Office

1 Asahi, Tsukuba City,
Ibaraki 305-0804 Japan
Tel: 029-864-2211

Tsukuba Express
http://www.mir.co.jp/
Kanto Testudo (Kantetsu Bus) http://www.kantetsu.co.jp/
Tsuku Bus (Tsukuba City Hall) http://www.city.tsukuba.ibaraki.jp/

JR Hitachino-Ushiku Station

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (Yokosuka)koYo Yokosuka Office

C

aI

ag

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Front gate

a

m

ha

Kitakurihama Station
Shonan Bridge

Sotohatake

3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka City,
Kanagawa 239-0826 Japan
Tel: 046-844-5006

Uraga Port

SaharaJR

Sahara IC

Yo

ko

su

ka

Funagura-cho

LineTransportation guide to NILIM (Yokosuka)

maYokoha Roadka
YokosuEntrance to Iwato
Housing Complex

Keikyu Line
JR Kurihama Station

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ka

su

ko
Yo

Keikyu Kurihama
StationJGSDF Camp
Kurihama

Yokosuka Office

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Ke
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Maritime
Self-Defense
Force
Transmission
Station 2

Port and Airport
Research Instituteamay

Kurihama

Kurihama 4

Kaikoku Bridge
Yokosuka Office II

National Institutefor Defense Studies

Shinagawa
StationYokohama
StationKeikyuKurihama
Station

JR Yokosuka LineTokyo
StationYokohama
StationFor Nobi Coast
KeikyuKurihama
Station Bus
Terminal

Kurihama
StationKurihama PortFor Chiyogasakior

For Uraga via
Chiyogasaki

Ten-minute walkKurihama
Flower Park

Kaikoku
BridgeSotohatake

Five-minutewalk

Oneminutewalk

Yokosuka
OfficeYokosuka
Office II

Keikyu https://www.keikyu.co.jp/index.html

NILIM logo

NILIM is the acronym for the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management.
The triangle indicates three fields covered by the former organization: the field related to rivers and roads, the field related
to the city and housing, and the field related to ports and airports. The logo represents our commitment to be in charge of
housing and social infrastructure development through the cooperation of these three fields.
The orange color represents our expectations that the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management will makemany contributions to national land policy and create a bright Japan in preparation for the coming age of the 21st century.

30