ᐇ㦂㡢ኌᏛ࣭ゝㄒᏛ◊✲㸦Research in Experimental Phonetics and Linguistics㸧10: 45-54 (2018)ⱥㄒ 3 ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡢ␗㡢≉ᚩ ୕ᾆ ᘯ ͊ ࣭຾⏣ ᾈ௧ ͊͊ ࠙せ᪨ࠚ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ ࡢ/l/ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㡢ኌ⎔ቃ࡛᫂ࡿ࠸㸦ཱྀ⵹໬ࡋࡓ㸧L ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛ᬯ࠸㸦㌾ཱྀ⵹໬ࡋࡓ㸧L ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㡢㡪ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡛ࡣᬯ࠸ L ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┦ᑐⓗ࡟➨ 1 ࣇ࢛࣐ࣝࣥࢺ㸦F1㸧ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘࡀపࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ➨ 2 ࣇ࢛࣐ࣝࣥࢺ㸦F2㸧ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋᬯ࠸ L ࡛ࡣࠊF1 ࡜ F2 ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘࡢഴྥࡀ㏫࡟
࡞ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣⱥㄒ 3 ᪉ゝࡢ⌧ᆅ཰㘓ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ/l/ࡢ F1 ࡜ F2 ࢆィࡋẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋF2 ࡟ࡣୖグࡢ୺ᙇ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿ㡢㡪ⓗഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊF1 ࡟ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᐜㄆⓎ㡢㸦RP㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ᬯ࠸ L ࡀ┦⿵ศᕸࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢀࡽ
3 ᪉ゝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ /l/ࡣ᫂ࡿࡵ࡟㸦F1 ࡀపࡃࠊF2 ࡀ㧗࠸㸧ࠊᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ/l/ࡣᬯࡵ࡟ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸᫂ࡿ࠸ Lࠊᬯ࠸ Lࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻⱥㄒࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬⱥㄒࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻⱥㄒ

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ⱥㄒࡢ㡢⣲/l/࡟ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ L㸦clear /l/, [lʲ]㸧࡜ᬯ࠸ L㸦dark /l/, [ɫ]㸧ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ␗㡢ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᬯ࠸L ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡼࡾ⯉⫼㸦tongue body㸧ࡀᚋ㏥㸦retraction㸧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄪ㡢ⓗ≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦Sproat & Fujimura 1993㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢ␗㡢ࡣࠊ㡢⠇ෆ࡛ࡢ఩⨨࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚┦⿵ศᕸ
㸦complementary distribution㸧ࢆ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢᐜㄆⓎ㡢㸦Received
Pronunciation, ௨ୗ RP㸧࡛ࡣࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢㸦onset㸧ࡢ/l/ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᑿᏊ㡢㸦coda㸧ࡢ/l/ࡣᬯ࠸ L ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ⱥㄒ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊ/l/ࡢᐇ⌧࡟ᙧែ⤫ㄒⓗ࡞᮲௳ࡀ⤡ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ᪉ゝᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡶ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
ㄒᮎࡢ/l/࡟᥋ᑿ㎡-ing ࡀ௜ຍࡉࢀࡓሙྜ㸦peeling ࡞࡝㸧ࠊ/l/ࡀ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ␗㡢࡛ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡣ᪉
ゝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ㸦Lee-Kim et al. 2013, Turton 2017㸧ࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ᬯ࠸ L ࡢ┦⿵ศᕸࢆࡋ࡞࠸᪉ゝࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ゝ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ࡢ␗㡢ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢⱥㄒ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛ᬯ࠸ L ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡸ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢⱥㄒ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿ㸦Wells 1982㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊྠࡌ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ᪉ゝ࡛ࡶᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ໭ᮾ㒊ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗ࢟ࣕࢵࢫ࡛ࣝ ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ໭す㒊ࡢ࣐ࣥࢳ࢙ࢫࢱ࣮࡛ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛ᬯ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿ㸦Cruttenden 2008㸧ࠋ*ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡣ JSPS ⛉ ◊ ㈝ JP23520593ࠊJP26370574ࠊJP17K02821 ࡢ ຓ ᡂ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊࢲ ࣈ ࣜ ࣥ኱ Ꮫ ࢺ ࣜ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ ࣭ ࢝ࣞ ࢵ ࢪ 㸦 TCD㸧 ⤒ Ⴀ ᡓ ␎ ◊ ✲ ࢭ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ 㛗 ࡢ ࣝ ࣮ ࢖ ࣭ ࣈࣞ ࢼ ࣥ 㸦 Louis Brennan㸧 ᩍ ᤵ 㸦 වᑓ ಟ ኱ Ꮫ ᐈ ဨ ᩍ ᤵ 㸧࡟ ࡣ ࠊ TCD ࡛ ࡢ ⿕ 㦂 ⪅ ເ 㞟 ࡜ 㘓 㡢 ᪋ タ ࡢ ࡈ ᥦ ౪ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ࡚ ࡈ ༠ ຊ ࠸ ࡓ ࡔ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ†ᑓ ಟ ኱ Ꮫ ᩥ Ꮫ 㒊†† ࢝ ࣜ ࣇ ࢛ ࣝ ࢽ ࢔ ኱Ꮫ ࣟ ࢧ ࣥ ࢮ ࣝ ࢫ ᰯ ゝ ㄒ Ꮫ ⛉࣭ ༤ ኈ ㄢ ⛬45୕ᾆ ᘯ࣭຾⏣ ᾈ௧ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢⱥㄒ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࢆ㡢㡪ⓗ࡟ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ᬯ࠸ L ࡢ┦⿵ศᕸࡀ࡞࠸࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ࡛ࡣᬯ࠸ L ࡛ࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ࡛ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ L࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Wells 1982㸧ࡀࠊ㡢㡪ⓗ࡞ศᯒࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢᬯ࠸ L ࡜࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࠊ㡢㡪ⓗ࡟ࡣ➨ 1 ࣇ࢛࣐ࣝࣥࢺ㸦F1㸧ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘࡼࡾࡶ➨ 2 ࣇ࢛࣐ࣝࣥࢺ㸦F2㸧ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ࡟⾲ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ᬯ࠸ L ࡢ┦⿵ศᕸࡀ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢀࡽ 3 ࡘࡢ᪉ゝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢࡛ࡣࠊF1 ࡜ F2 ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ್࡟୍ᐃࡢഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ

2. 㘓㡢཰㘓᪥ࠊሙᡤࠊ⿕㦂⪅ࠊ㘓㡢ᶵჾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࢆ᪉ゝࡈ࡜࡟ (1) ~ (4) ࡟グࡍࠋ᪉ゝ࡜ඹ࡟཰㘓ᆅࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ⿕㦂⪅ࡢฟ㌟ᆅ࡜࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ⿕㦂⪅࡟ࡣࢢࣛࢫࢦ࣮ฟ㌟⪅ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࠋ⿕㦂⪅グྕࡢ Sc-ࠊWa-ࠊIr-ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊM ࡣ⏨ᛶ㸦Man㸧ࠊW ࡣዪᛶ㸦Woman㸧ࡢ␎ྕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⿕㦂⪅グྕࡢᶓࡢᣓᘼෆ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㘓㡢᫬ࡢᖺ㱋࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋ(1) ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㸸࢚ࢹ࢕ࣥࣂࣛࠊཬࡧࢢࣛࢫࢦ࣮ ཰㘓᪥㸸2013 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 30 ᪥(㔠) ሙᡤ㸸ࢡ࢖࣮࣭࣐࣮ࣥ࢞ࣞࢵࢺ኱Ꮫ㸦࢚ࢹ࢕ࣥࣂࣛ㸧ࠊ㡢ኌᏛ◊✲ᐊ ⿕㦂⪅㸸Sc-M1 (49)ࠊSc-M2 (51)ࠊSc-W1 (36)ࠊSc-W2 (24) PC㸸Apple iMac ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔㸸Pro Tools LE (Ver. 8.0.3)㸦Avid Technology ♫㸧 ࢥࣥࢹࣥࢧ࣮࣭࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣇ࢛ࣥ㸸Neumann U89i
 ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘ㸸44.1 kHz㔞Ꮚ໬㸸24-bitࢺࣛࢵࢡᩘ㸸1㸦ࣔࣀࣛࣝ㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱಖᏑᙧᘧ㸸WAVE(2) ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ㸸࣏ࣥࢸ࢕ࣉ࣮ࣜࢬ ཰㘓᪥㸸2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 29 ᪥(㔠) ሙᡤ㸸ྛ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ⮬Ꮿ ⿕㦂⪅㸸Wa-M1 (67)ࠊWa-M2 (81)ࠊWa-M3 (66)ࠊWa-M4 (90)
 Wa-W1 (72)ࠊWa-W2 (68)ࠊWa-W3 (70)ࠊWa-W4 (86) ࣞࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮㸸Roland R-26

ࢥࣥࢹࣥࢧ࣮࣭࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣇ࢛ࣥ㸸SONY ECM-MS957

 ࢺࣛࢵࢡᩘ㸸2㸦ࢫࢸࣞ࢜㸧ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘ㸸44.1 kHz㔞Ꮚ໬㸸16-bit ࢹ࣮ࢱಖᏑᙧᘧ㸸WAVE(3) ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ 1㸸ࢲࣈࣜࣥ ཰㘓᪥㸸2015 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 25 ᪥(ⅆ)
 ሙᡤ㸸ࢲࣈࣜࣥ኱Ꮫࢺࣜࢽࢸ࢕࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫᏛ㒊ᑠ఍㆟ᐊ ⿕㦂⪅㸸Ir-W1 (38)ࠊIr-W2 (58) ࣞࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮㸸Roland R-26
 ࢺࣛࢵࢡᩘ㸸2㸦ࢫࢸࣞ࢜㸧ࢥࣥࢹࣥࢧ࣮࣭࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣇ࢛ࣥ㸸SONY ECM-MS957
ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘ㸸44.1 kHz ࢹ࣮ࢱಖᏑᙧᘧ㸸WAVE46

㔞Ꮚ໬㸸16-bitᐇ㦂㡢ኌᏛ࣭ゝㄒᏛ◊✲㸦Research in Experimental Phonetics and Linguistics㸧10: 45-54 (2018)(4) ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ 2㸸࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮ ཰㘓᪥㸸2015 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 30 ᪥(᪥)
 ሙᡤ㸸ࢣ࣮ࣜᕞ࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮ᕷෆࠊ୰ᚰ⾤ධཱྀࡢබᅬ࣋ࣥࢳ࡜ఫẸᏯ ⿕㦂⪅㸸Ir-M1 (48)ࠊ Ir-M2 (66)ࠊIr-M3 (35)ࠊIr-W3 (35) ࣞࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮㸸Roland R-26

ࢥࣥࢹࣥࢧ࣮࣭࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣇ࢛ࣥ㸸SONY ECM-MS957

 ࢺࣛࢵࢡᩘ㸸2㸦ࢫࢸࣞ࢜㸧ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘ㸸44.1 kHz㔞Ꮚ໬㸸16-bit ࢹ࣮ࢱಖᏑᙧᘧ㸸WAVE3. ศᯒ ๓⠇࡟♧ࡋࡓ(1) ~ (4)ࡢ㘓㡢࡛ࡣࠊ⿕㦂⪅࡟ㄪᰝ⏝ࡢᩥࢆ 2 ᅇࡎࡘ㡢ㄞࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢศᯒ࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿㄪᰝ⏝ࡢᩥࡣࠊ≉࡟/l/ࡢㄪᰝ⏝࡟ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓᩥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊከࡃࡢ/l/ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ/l/ࡢㄪᰝ⏝ࡢᩥࡢᩘࡸᵓᡂࡣㄪᰝ᪉ゝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ከᑡ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵ ࠊ(5) ~ (7)࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᪉
ゝࡈ࡜ࡢㄪᰝᩥࡢෆᐜࢆ♧ࡍࠋ(5) ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝㄪᰝ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓᩥLesley told Paul to clean the children’s playroom.
A lemon yellow Rolls-Royce, rolling along the road.
Larry’s lambs led flying lizard’s over oval fields of big glass livers.
(6) ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝㄪᰝ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓᩥ
Little red and yellow roses in a real restaurant, live longer when love rules the world.
(7) ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝㄪᰝ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓᩥLesley told Paul to clean the children’s playroom.
Little red and yellow roses in a real restaurant, live longer when love rules the world.
᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ᬯ࠸ L ࡢ㡢㡪ⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡣࠊ୺࡟ F1 ࡜ F2 ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ࡟⾲ࢀࡿࠋ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡣᬯ࠸ L࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┦ᑐⓗ࡟ F2 ࡀ㧗ࡃ F1 ࡀప࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊᬯ࠸ L ࡣࡑࡢ㏫࡟ F2 ࡀపࡃ F1 ࡀ㧗࠸㸦Sproat& Fujimura 1993㸧ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊPraat Ver. 6.0.21㸦Boersma & Weenink 2015㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ(5) ~ (7)ࡢᩥ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ/l/ࡢ F1 ࡜ F2 ࢆィࡍࡿࠋィ⟠ᡤࡣ㞄᥋ࡍࡿ㡢㸦ࡶࡋ࠶ࢀࡤ㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚ࠊ/l/ࡢ F2 ࡀ᭱ࡶ⃰ࡃ㸦᣺ᖜࡀ᭱ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ㸧ࠊࡲࡓᩘ್ࡀ Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬Ⅼࢆ㑅ࡧࠊࡑࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ F1 ࡜ F2 ࢆィࡍࡿࠋF2 ࡢ⃰࠸㒊ศࡀᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜ㸦ୗ㝆ࡲࡓࡣୖ᪼ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿሙྜ㸧ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⃰࠸㒊ศࡢ୰㛫᫬Ⅼࢆィࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ್ࡣࠊ(8) ~ (10)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚㸦㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡣ㉥ᏐࠊᑿᏊ㡢ࡣ㟷Ꮠ࡛♧ࡍ㸧ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊclean ࡜ playgroundࡣ/l/ࡀ↓ኌ໬ࡋ࡚ࣇ࢛࣐ࣝࣥࢺ࿘Ἴᩘࡀィ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㝖እࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊyellow ࡸ rolling࡞࡝ࡢㄒ୰ࡢ/l/ࡣ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࠋ
(8) ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㢌Ꮚ㡢㸸Lesley, lemon, yellow, rolling, along, Larry’s, lambs, led, flying, lizard’s, glass, liversᑿᏊ㡢㸸told, Paul, children’s, Rolls-Royce, oval, fields

47୕ᾆ ᘯ࣭຾⏣ ᾈ௧(9) ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ㢌Ꮚ㡢㸸little, yellow, live, longer, loveᑿᏊ㡢㸸Little, real, rules, world(10) ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㢌Ꮚ㡢㸸Lesley, little, yellow, live longer, loveᑿᏊ㡢㸸told, Paul, children’s, little, real, rules, world

4. ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ4.1 ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ ᅗ 1 ࡜ᅗ 2 ࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ F1 ࡜ F2 ࡢ್ࢆ⟽ࡦࡆᅗ㸦box plot㸧࡟ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ዪᛶࡢࣇ࢛࣐ࣝࣥࢺ࿘Ἴᩘࡣ⏨ᛶࡼࡾ ࡶ㧗࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⏨ዪู࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊSc-W1 ࡢ children’s ࡣࠊ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝㄒᙡࡢ bairns’ࡀⓎ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᅗ 1㸸㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F1㸦ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㸧
ᅗ 1 ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ F1 ࡢ್ࡣ 300H Z ๓ᚋ࡟ࠊዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ F1 ࡢ್ࡣ 400H Z ๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ ୰ኸ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 294.5H Z ࡜ 323.5H Z࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀᑡࡋ㧗࠸್࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ ୰ኸ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 384H Z ࡜ 393H Z ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠾ࡾ ࠊࡇࡕ ࡽࡶ ᑿᏊ 㡢ࡢ ᪉ ࡀഹ࠿ ࡟㧗 ࡃ࡞ ࡗ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࠋ

ᅗ 2㸸㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F2㸦ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㸧 ᅗ 2 ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊF2 ࡢ್ࡣ⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟ 1000H Z ๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋCruttenden(2008: 216)࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ/l/ࡢ F2 ࡣ 900H Z ~ 1600H Z ࡀᬑ㏻࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ⠊ᅖࡢ୰࡛ప࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࡶ
48

ᐇ㦂㡢ኌᏛ࣭ゝㄒᏛ◊✲㸦Research in Experimental Phonetics and Linguistics㸧10: 45-54 (2018)ࡢࡀᬯ࠸ L ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛ᬯ࠸ L ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࢆẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ࠊ⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1013.5H Z ࡜ 786H Z ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1125.5H Z ࡜ 929H Z ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ4.2 ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝᅗ 3 ࡜ᅗ 4 ࡣࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝࡢ F1 ࡜ F2 ࡢ್ࢆ⟽ࡦࡆᅗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᅗ 3 ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ F1 ࡣ 300H Z ~400H Z ㎶ࡾ࡟ࠊዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ F1 ࡣ 400H Z ๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝࡢ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ F1 ࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ
F1㸦ᅗ 1㸧࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୧᪉࡛ᑡࡋ㧗ࡵ࡟ศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ࠋ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢศᕸࢆẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡛ࠊᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡼࡾᑡࡋ㧗ࡵ࡟ศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 309H Z ࡜ 352H Z ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 386.5H Z ࡜ 410.5H Z ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅗ 3㸸㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F1㸦࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ㸧
ᅗ 4 ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F2 ࡢ್ࡣ⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ 1500H Z ๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ F2㸦ᅗ 2㸧࡜ẚ࡭࡚࠿࡞ࡾ㧗ࡃศᕸࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢศᕸࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ್ࡢ᪉ࡀᑡࡋ㧗ࡃศᕸࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡼࡾ᫂ࡿࡵ࡟ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1487H Z ࡜ 1339H Z ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ
1763.5H Z ࡜ 1562.5H Z ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅗ 4㸸㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F2㸦࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ㸧
49

୕ᾆ ᘯ࣭຾⏣ ᾈ௧4.3 ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝᅗ 5 ࡜ᅗ 6 ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢࢲࣈࣜࣥฟ㌟⪅࡜࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮ฟ㌟⪅ࡢ F1 ࡢ್ࢆࠊ⟽ࡦࡆᅗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊIr-W2 ࡢ little ࡜ real ࡢㄒᮎࡢ/l/ࡣࢲࣈࣜࣥࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ/l/ࡢ F2 ࡀ௚ࡢ/l/ࡢ F2 ࡜ẚ࡭࡚㧗࠸ᩘ್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡓ⫈ぬ༳㇟ࡶ௚ࡢ/l/࡜኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌧㇟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᮏ⠇ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
ᅗ 5 ࡜ᅗ 6 ࠿ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ᪉ゝࡢ F1 ࡶ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ㸦ᅗ 3㸧࡜ྠᵝ࡛ࠊ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ್ࡣ 300H Z ~400H Z ㎶ࡾ࡟ࠊዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ್ࡣ 400H Z ๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢศᕸࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ௚ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ᪉ゝ࡜ྠᵝ࡛ࠊᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ ࢲࣈࣜࣥ᪉ゝ㸦ዪᛶ㸧ࡣ 355.5H Z ࡜ 409H Zࠊ࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮᪉ゝࡢ⏨ᛶࡣ 328H Z ࡜ 375H Z ࠊ࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮᪉ゝࡢዪᛶࡣ 390H Z ࡜ 396H Z ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅗ 5㸸㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F1㸦࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㸸ࢲࣈࣜࣥ㸧ᅗ 6㸸㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F1㸦࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㸸࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮㸧ᅗ 7 ࡜ᅗ 8 ࡣࢲࣈࣜࣥฟ㌟ヰ⪅࡜࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮ฟ㌟ヰ⪅ࡢ F2 ࡢ್ࢆࠊ⟽ࡦࡆᅗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ
♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ᪉ゝࡢ F2 ࡶࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ㸦ᅗ 4㸧࡜ྠᵝ࡛ࠊ1500H Z ๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௚ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ᪉ゝ࡜ྠᵝ࡛ࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ F2 ࡢ᪉ࡀᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F2 ࡼࡾࡶ㧗ࡃศᕸࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ᫂ࡿࡵ࡟Ⓨ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ୰ኸ್ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࢲࣈࣜࣥ᪉ゝ㸦ዪᛶ㸧ࡣ 1763.5H Z ࡜ 1562.5H Zࠊ࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮᪉ゝࡢ⏨ᛶࡣ 1734.5H Z ࡜ 1539H Z ࠊ࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮᪉ゝࡢዪᛶࡣ 1805H Z ࡜ 1581H Z ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀ 200H Z ㏆ࡃ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ50ᐇ㦂㡢ኌᏛ࣭ゝㄒᏛ◊✲㸦Research in Experimental Phonetics and Linguistics㸧10: 45-54 (2018)ᅗ 7㸸㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F2㸦࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㸸ࢲࣈࣜࣥ㸧ᅗ 8㸸㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ F2㸦࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ㸸࣮࢟ࣛࢽ࣮㸧᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ⟽ࡦࡆᅗ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓ Ir-W2 ࡢ little ࡜ real ࡢㄒᮎࡢ/l/࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣟࢢࣛ
࣒ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢㄒࡣࠊF2 ࡢᩘ್ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ᅗ 5 ࡜ᅗ 7 ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋ
ࡓࠋ1 ࡘࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ┤ᚋࡢ㡢ࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ࠋ㸦7㸧࡟♧ࡋࡓㄪᰝᩥࡢ඲యࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊlittle ࡜ real ࡢ┤ᚋࡢㄒࡢㄒ㢌ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ/r/࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸦Little red࡜ real restaurant㸧ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡓࡗࡓ 2 ౛ࢆᇶ࡟᩿ᐃⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ┤ᚋࡢ/r/ࡀࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᅗ 9 ࡜ᅗ 10 ࡟ little ࡜ real ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⦪㍈ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘࡣ 0 ~ 5000Hz ࡲ࡛ࢆ⾲♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ/l/ࡢ F2 ࡶ 2500Hz ௜㏆ࡲ࡛ୖࡀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㉥࠸▮༳࡛♧ࡋࡓィ఩⨨ ࡢᩘ್ࡣ little ࡀ 2442Hz ࡛ real ࡀ 2380Hz ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ51୕ᾆ ᘯ࣭຾⏣ ᾈ௧ᅗ 9㸸Ir-W2 ࡢ little ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦little red…㸧ᅗ 10㸸Ir-W2 ࡢ real ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦real restaurant…㸧
4.4 ᪉ゝ㛫ࡢẚ㍑
 ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛ᬯ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⎔ቃ࡛᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Wells 1982㸧ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ F2ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡇࡢ୺ᙇ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ F2 ࡣ 1000Hz ๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ F2 ࡣ 1500Hz ๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᬯ࠸ L ࡣ F2 ࡀపࡃࠊ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡣ F2 ࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ࡛ࡣᬯ࠸ L ࡛ࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ࡛ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㡢㡪ⓗ࡟☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊF1 ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣୖグࡢ୺ᙇ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ್ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ᪉ゝ࡛ 400H Z
๓ᚋ࡟ᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝᪉ゝᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡋࠊ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ್ࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ
᪉ゝࡢ್㸦300H Z ๓ᚋ㸧ࡀࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ್㸦300H Z ~400H Z 㸧ࡼࡾഹ࠿࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓࠋᬯ࠸ L ࡣ F1 ࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵࠊᬯ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ࡛ࡣࠊ
௚ࡢ 2 ᪉ゝ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ F1 ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣண᝿࡜ࡣ཯ᑐ࡛ࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ್ࡣ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡼࡾࡶప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

52ᐇ㦂㡢ኌᏛ࣭ゝㄒᏛ◊✲㸦Research in Experimental Phonetics and Linguistics㸧10: 45-54 (2018) ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ್ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ3 ᪉ゝࡍ࡭࡚࡟ඹ㏻ࡋࡓഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ F1 ࡣᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀᑡࡋ㧗ࡃศᕸࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊF2 ࡣ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀᑡࡋ㧗ࡃศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘศᕸࡢᕪ␗ࡣࠊRP ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡋࠊᑿᏊ㡢ࡣᬯ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡍࡿ᪉ゝࡢࡶࡢ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ᑠࡉ࡞㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ᬯ࠸ L ࡢ┦⿵ศᕸࡀ࡞࠸
᪉ゝ࡛ࡶࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ/l/ࡣ᫂ࡿࡵ࡟ࠊᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ/l/ࡣᬯࡵ࡟ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢࡜࠸࠺㡢⠇ෆ࡛ࡢ఩⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㡢ኌⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍㈏ࡋ࡚᫂ࡿ࠸ Lࠊ
୍㈏ࡋ࡚ᬯ࠸ L ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ゝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ␗㡢≉ᚩࢆ㡢㡪ศᯒࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ㡢⠇ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ఩⨨࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗㡢ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ ഴྥࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

5. ⤖ㄽ ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡜࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢⱥㄒ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࢆ㡢㡪ⓗ࡟ศᯒࡋ࡚ࠊ
᪉ゝ㛫ࡢ㢮ఝࡸ┦㐪ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝ ࡢ/l/ࡣᬯ࠸ L ࡛ࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ/l/ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡛ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿ㸦Wells 1982㸧࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ F2ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡇࡢ୺ᙇ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ F2 ࡣ 1000Hz ๓ᚋ࡜పࡃࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ F2 ࡣ 1500Hz ๓ᚋ࡜㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊF1 ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣୖグࡢ୺ᙇ࡜ࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋዪᛶヰ⪅ࡢ F1 ࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞᪉ゝᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡋࠊ⏨ᛶヰ⪅ࡢ F1 ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᬯ࠸ L ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㧗࠸࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ್ࡀࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ᪉ゝ࡜࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ᪉ゝࡢ್ࡼࡾࡶഹ࠿࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᫂ࡿ࠸ L ࡜ᬯ࠸ L ࡢ┦⿵ศᕸࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢀࡽ 3 ࡘࡢ᪉ゝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡜ᑿᏊ㡢ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟୍㈏ࡋࡓഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋF1 ࡣᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀᑡࡋ㧗ࡃࠊ F2 ࡣ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ᪉ࡀᑡࡋ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢ࡢ /l/ࡣ᫂ࡿࡵ࡟ࠊᑿᏊ㡢ࡢ/l/ࡣᬯࡵ࡟ㄪ㡢ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㡢⠇ෆ࡛ࡢ఩⨨࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㡢ኌⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡇࡑ࠶ࢀࠊ㢌Ꮚ㡢࡟ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ LࠊᑿᏊ㡢࡟ࡣᬯ࠸ L ࡜࠸࠺┦⿵ศᕸࡢഴྥࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢⱥㄒ
᪉ゝ࡟ෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦ᦬࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
Boersma, Paul and David Weenink (2015) Praat: doing phonetics by comp uter [Computer program]. Version
6.0.21, retrieved from http://www.praat.org/Cruttenden, Alan (2008) Gimson’s pronunciation of English. 7th edition. London: Hodder.
Lee-Kim, Sang-Im, Lisa Davidson, and Sangjin Hwang (2013) Morphological effects on the dar kness ofEnglish intervocalic /l/. Laboratory Phonology 4: 475-511.
Sproat, Richard and Fujimura, Osamu (1993) Allophonic variation in English /l/ and its implications forphonetic implementation. Journal of Phonetics 21: 291-311.
Turton, Danielle (2017) Categorical or gradient? An ultrasound investigation of /l/ -darkening and vocalization in varieties of English. Laboratory Phonology 8: 1-31.
Wells, John C. (1982) Accents of English (3 vols). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

53୕ᾆ ᘯ࣭຾⏣ ᾈ௧

Allophonic features of /l/ in three English accents
Hiroshi MIURA † ࣭Hironori KATSUDA ††It is commonly assumed that /l/ is consistently realised as the clear (palatalised) variant in Welsh andIrish accents of English, while the dark (velarised) variant is realised in Scottish accents.

The clear /l/acoustically lowers the frequencies of the first formant (F1) and raises those of the second formant (F2 ),while the dark /l/ is the other way around.

This study examines allophonic features of /l/ in these threeaccents of English by measuring the frequencies of F1 and F2 of /l/ from the original recordings.

Theresults of F2 confirm the above-mentioned differences among the accents (clear /l/ in Welsh and Irish accents and dark /l/ in Scottish accents), while those of F1 do not.

Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that

onset /l/ is slightly, but consistently, clearer (lower F1 frequencies and higher F2 frequencies) than coda /l/,although in these three accents clear /l/ and dark /l/ are not in complementary distribution as in Received
Pronunciation (RP).

†School of Letters

Senshu University
2-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8580, Japan
E-mail: GLOSS1013@gmail.com††Doctoral Program in Linguistics

the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
3125 Campbell Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
E-mail: katsuda1123@gmail.com

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