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(2018)NationalityNo.
(Please print full name, underlining
family name)

BIOLOGY

Marks

NameI. Read the following passage and answer the subsequent questions using the answer
sheet.
Plants advanced to land during the process of evolution. Pteridophytes such as ferns
were able to tolerate dry conditions on the ground thanks to the evolution of theirstructure. They developed a transportation system called [ 1 ], which allowed
them to absorb water and nutrition through their roots, which were then provided to
the whole plant body through [ 1 ]. [ 1 ] is tube-structured tissue that forms
networks by connecting to each other. Furthermore, pteridophytes developed small
holes called [ 2 ] on the surfaces of aboveground parts of the plant, andestablished a system that enabled them to control the water loss by transpiration andprovide water and nutrition absorbed through the roots to the aboveground parts
through transpiration streams. By establishing a system to tolerate dry conditions on
the ground, pteridophytes were able to adapt to this new environment, but 1 the rangeof their distribution has been limited due to the way the plants reproduces. In [ 3 ],which appeared after the evolution of pteridophytes, reproduction under dry
conditions became possible. [ 3 ] also developed a layer of [ 4 ] covering
aboveground parts in order to suppress water loss from plant tissues other than[ 2 ], and since the Mesozoic Era there had been an expansion of the distributed
areas. In [ 3 ], there are two groups, the [ 5 ] and [ 6 ], 2 with different
reproductive organs. The [ 5 ] have no petals and calyxes in their flowers,exposing [ 7 ], whereas the [ 6 ] have petals and calyxes in their flowers, withtheir [ 7 ] within the [ 8 ].
In a [ 1 ], which made it possible for plants to advance to the land, there are 3 twotransportation tissues in many [ 6 ]. The first one is [ 9 ], generallytransporting water. The other is [ 10 ], transporting nutrition. Both [[ 10 ] are major components of [ 11 ] and [ 12 ], respectively.

Þ ï9] and1
the answer sheet.
ADGJMPSVYalgae
bryophytesdicotyledonous plants
leaf veinovariespeduncles
rhizospherestigmasvessels

BE
HK
N
QT
WZ

angiosperms
cortexepidermis
lenticelsovulesphloemseed plants
stomataxylem

CFI
LO
RUX

anthercuticle
gymnosperms
monocotyledonous plants
palisade tissuepollensieve tubes
vascular bundle

2 Which of the following sentences is incorrect as an explanation of the reproductive
system of pteridophytes, as shown in the underlined part 1 above? Record the letter
sheet.
A Sporangia are formed on the sporophytes.
BCDEThe sporophytes parasitize on the gametophytes.
Archegonia and antheridia are formed on the prothallus.
Fertilization occurs during a humid period, such as a rainy day.
Spores are formed in the prothallus.

3 Which of the following sentences is incorrect as an explanation of the differences
between [ 5 ] and [ 6 ] due to their reproductive organs, as shown in theA In [ 5 ], many plants have anemophilous (wind-pollinated) flowers.
B In [ 6 ], morphologies of flowers are remarkably diversified.
C The fertilization of [ 5 ] is generally tolerant to dry conditions.
D In [ 6 ], many plants have entomophilous (insect-pollinated) flowers.
E In [ 6 ], some plants develop large fruits.

Þ î

4 Which of the following sentences is inappropriate as an explanation of the twotransportation tissues indicated in the underlined part 3 above? Record the lettersheet.
AB
CDE[ 9 ] are the continuum of dead cells.
[ 10 ] are the continuum of living cells.
In [ 10 ], plate-like tissues are developed between cells.
In [ 9 ], the structure to divide cells has not been lost.
If [ 12 ], including [ 10 ], is eliminated, plants die.

II. Read the following passage and answer the subsequent questions using the answer
sheet.
Plant cells are surrounded with [1 ]s consisting of 1 phospholipid bilayers. On thesurface of [ 1 ], [ 2 ]s are sporadically embedded. [ 2 ]s are a kind of[ 3 ]s, through which water and nutrients are transported. In plant cells, there are a[ 4 ] and various [ 5 ]s. A [ 4 ] is surrounded by a membrane consisting ofphospholipids like [ 1 ]s and it has many tiny holes called [ 6 ]s. [ 7 ],which records genetic information, is stored in a [ 4 ]. Based on the genetic
information written in [ 7 ], 2 diversified [ 3 ]s are synthesized. Major [ 5 ]sof plant cells include [ 8 ]s, [ 9 ], [ 10 ]s and [ 11 ], with their special
functions. Except for [ 8 ], they are surrounded by a membrane consisting ofphospholipids just like a [ 4 ]. [ 8 ]s have very fine particle structures and arefloating in cytoplasm or fixed on the membrane of [ 11 ]. 3 [ 9 ] and [ 10 ]s
have their own [ 7 ] independent from those stored in a [ 4 ]. [ 10 ]s are
specific to plants and not observed in animals.
Plant cells are further surrounded by very tight and tough tissues called [ 12 ]s.
Major components of plant [ 12 ]s are one of the polysaccharides, [ 13 ]. The
main functions of [ 12 ] are the protection of cells and the maintenance andstrengthening of the structure of plant body.
1
the answer sheetÞ íADGJMPSVY

ADP
cellulosechannelcristaeglucosemitochondriaorganelleribosomesucrose

BEHK
N
QTWZATPcell wallchloroplast
DNAGolgi bodynuclear poreorganic acidRNA
thylakoid

CFILORUX

cell membrane
centrosome
collagenendoplasmic reticula
lysosome
nucleusproteinstroma2 Which of the following sentences is incorrect as an explanation of phospholipids, as
shown in the underlined part 1 above, and biological membranes like [ 1 ]AThin bilayers of phospholipid molecules form the structure of biologicalmembranes.
B Phospholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties.
C Biological membranes consisting of phospholipids are soft and flexible.
DPhospholipids of biological membranes are easily permeable to water soluble
substances.
E Due to the existence of biological membranes of a [ 4 ] and some of[ 5 ]s consisting of phospholipids, the inside of the biological membranes
can be isolated from cytoplasm rich in moisture.
3

Which statement is incorrect about the biosynthesis of [3], shown in theA

Genetic information recorded in [ 7 ] is shown as the arrangement of thenucleotides.
B Genetic information recorded in [ 7 ] is translated to some substances inthe [ 4 ].
C Genetic information recorded in [the outside of the [ 4 ].

Þ ì7 ] is transported through [6] toD Based on the genetic information transported to the outside of the [ 4 ],
[ 3 ] are synthesized in [ 8 ]s.
E Genetic information recorded in [ 7 ] shows the composition of aminoacids of the target [ 3 ].
4 Which of the following sentences is incorrect about the fact that both [ 9 ] and[ 10 ]s have their own [ 7 ], as described in the underlined part 3 above?
the answer sheet.
AThe fact that both [ 9 ] and [ 10 ]s have their own [ 7 ] suggeststhat these two [ 5 ]s were originally independent organisms in the past.
B [ 7 ] in [ 9 ] and [ 10 ]s function as genes similarly to [ 7 ] inthe [ 4 ].
C [ 7 ] in [ 9 ] and [ 10 ]s follow the Mendelian laws similarly to[7 ] in the [ 4 ].
D Genetic information recorded in [ 7 ] of [ 9 ] are transferred only fromthe maternal parent to the offspring.
E Genetic information recorded in [ 7 ] of [ 10 ]s are transferred only
from the maternal parent to the offspring.

III. Animals possess a mechanism to remove foreign substances when such substances
invade the animal body, and this mechanism is called immunity. Read the following
passage on the immunity of mammals and answer the subsequent questions 1 4.
1When a foreign substance invades an animal body, [1 ] and [ 2 ] ingest thesubstance and digest it. This process is called [ 3 ]. When a foreign substance isingested by [ 1 ], the information on this substance is passed to a type of lymphocyte,[ 4 ]. Then, the 2[ 4 ] come to specifically attack the foreign substance, andactivate another type of lymphocyte, [ 5 ]. An antigen is a molecule capable ofinducing a specific immune response. 3 Activated [ 5 ] synthesize antibodies
specifically binding the antigen, and secrete the antibodies into the blood plasma.
4An antibody is a protein that is synthesized based on an immunoglobulin gene, andhas great diversity in its molecular structure. There are several types of antibody, andthe most common type is immunoglobulin G (IgG). 5When the same antigen invades
again, a stronger immune response is induced.
Þ ë1.

Fill in the blanks ([ 1 ]-[ 5 ]) in the above passage from the list given below
and record the appropriate letters (A-O) in the designated spaces (III 1 (1)~(5)) on
the answer sheet.
A acidophils
B antigen-antibody reaction C apoptosis
D B cells
E basophils
F erythrocytes
G immunological tolerance H iPS cells
I macrophages
J mastocytes
K mitosis
L neutrophils
M phagocytosis
N stem cells
O T cells

2.

Immunity is divided into innate immunity and acquired immunity. Among theunderlined parts 1-3 above, which can be categorized as innate immunity? Recordthe answer sheet.

3.

A

underlined part 1

BCDE

underlined part 2
underlined part 3
underlined parts 1 and 2
underlined parts 2 and 3

Which statements are incorrect about antibody molecules shown in the underlinedABC
D
E

An antibody (IgG) consists of 3 polypeptides (2 light chains and 1 heavychain÷ that are connected with disulfide (S-S) bonds.
An antibody (IgG) is Y-shaped, and each of the two arms of the Y binds toan antigen, and therefore many antigens and antibodies connect to form acomplex.
Diversity of antibody molecules depends on variable regions that exist
both in light and heavy chains.
Diversity of antibody molecules is generated by recombination ofimmunoglobulin genes.
The number of immunoglobulin genes corresponds to the number ofdiverse antibody structures.

Þ ê

4.

Which statements are incorrect about the immune response shown in the underlined

AB
C
D
E

This response depends on the antigen information memorized in thelymphocytes.
This response depends on the antigen information memorized in the brain.
Both vaccine and serum therapy are based on this response.
This response is called secondary immune response.
This response is not only strong but also starts promptly.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the subsequent questions 1 4.
The coefficient of relatedness is defined as the probability that two individuals
share an allele. In humans, because an individual obtains approximately the same
number of genes from its mother and father, the coefficient of relatedness between aparent and a child is assumed to be [ a ], and that between brothers or sisters withthe same parents is assumed to be [ b ]. In Hymenoptera, including honey bees and[ 1 ], a female is diploid developing from a fertilized egg, and a male is haploiddeveloping from an unfertilized egg. Therefore, the coefficient of relatedness between amother and a daughter is [ c ], and that between sisters with the same parents is[ d ].
1The criterion of eusociality is a division of labor into reproductive andnon-reproductive castes. Individuals in the non-reproductive caste help to nurse progenyof other individuals, without producing their own progeny. In Hymenoptera, workers do
not reproduce and help to nurse their sisters. Because organisms evolve to produce moreprogeny in Darwin s theory of evolution, it had long been a mystery that a certain
individual never reproduces. However, this was reasonably explained by considering thenumber of offspring of related individuals.
Although 2 eusociality has been found in Hymenoptera most frequently, it has long
been known that [ 2 ], in which both females and males are diploid, show eusociality.
In recent years, moreover, eusociality was demonstrated in other insects such as aphids,crustaceans, and [ 3 ] in mammals also.

values and record the values to the second decimal place in the designated spacesÞ éthe answer sheet.
ADG
3.

ants
dragonflies
primates

B
E
H

bats
flies
rodents

CFI

butterflies
moles
termites

Which condition is required for evolution of eusociality shown in the underlined
part 1? Choose the most appropriate answer from A-D, and record the letter in thebetween a mother and a daughter is A, the coefficient of relatedness between sisters
is B, the number of offspring when an individual reproduces by itself is M, and thenumber of offspring of her mother when an individual helps to nurse her sisters is N.
ABC
D4.

A
A
A
A

NN
M
M

B
B
BB

M
M
NN

Why has eusociality been found most frequently in Hymenoptera as shown in theunderlined statement 2? Choose the most appropriate reason from A-E, and recordA

The higher coefficient of relatedness between sisters than that between aBCDEmother and a daughter
High lifetime fecundity in a female
Many individuals living together in a nest
High ability of learning and memory
High communication ability using chemical substances such as pheromonesÞ èV. Choose the most suitable biological item from A E that matches the following
phrases 1 6, and record the corresponding letters in the designated spaces (V 1~6) ofthe answer sheet.
1 The phenomenon, in which homologous chromosomes stick to each other at thetime of meiosis
A adhesion
B arrangement
C fusion
D pairing
E recombination
2 One of the species that first appears in a disturbed environment
A cedarB dandelion
C riceD spruce
E wheat3 Plant hormone generally promoting dormancy
A auxin
B abscisic acid
CD ethylene
E gibberellin
4cytokinin

An organ that does not derive from mesoderm
A heart
B kidney
D skeletal muscle
E spinal cord

C notochord

5

A reaction that is not induced by adrenalin (epinephrine)
A blood sugar elevation B blood pressure elevation C bronchial dilatation
D cardioacceleration
E glycogen synthesis

6An aerobic process
A acetate fermentation
D lactate fermentation

B alcohol fermentation
E photosynthesisÞ çC glycolysis