I. Read the following passage and answer the subsequent questions using the answer
sheet below.
The first organism on the earth is thought to have been a single-cell microorganism suchas a bacteria. When life on earth began, the atmospheric composition was very different
from today and contained little [ 1 ]. This means that the first organism appeared
under [ 2 ] conditions and 1 its activities were supported by the energy obtained from[ 2 ] respiration, not from [ 3 ] respiration, which is the dominant mode inpresent-day organisms. After the appearance of organisms that obtained energy forsupporting their life 2 by the process in which the fixation of [ 4 ] and release of[ 1 ] occurs, the concentration of atmospheric [ 1 ] had already increased,resulting in the evolution of organisms practicing [ 3 ] respiration. Since organisms
started to live on the ground, organisms practicing [ 3 ] respiration gradually
dominated the earth. [ 3 ] respiration enabled 3 efficient production of [ 5 ],chemical energy essential for various metabolisms, and contributed to the flourishing oforganisms on the earth.
In ancient times, some [ 3 ] bacteria was absorbed into the body of some[ 2 ] bacteria, survived in the body of the [ 2 ] bacteria without being digested,received nutrition from the [ 2 ] bacteria and practiced [ 3 ] respiration using[ 1 ] produced in the body of the [ 2 ] bacteria, gaining energy not only forself-consumption, but also for supplying the [ 2 ] bacteria. Both bacteria
strengthened their mutual dependence and the [ 3 ] bacteria finally evolved into anorganelle [ 6 ], whose major role is [ 3 ] respiration. Such a relationship iscalled [ 7 ]. [ 8 ] is another example of such evolutionary development of an
independent microorganism into one of the organelles in the body of different organisms
through [ 7 ] .
1. Fill in the blanks ( [ 1 ] [ 8 ] ) in the above passage from the list given below andrecord the appropriate letters (A U) in the designated spaces (I 1 (1)~(8)) on theanswer sheet.
A acidicB

D anaerobicE

G carbon dioxide

HelectronM hydrogen
P nitrogen
S RNAKJNQTADPATP
chloroplastendoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
oxygensymbiosis
1CFI
LORU

aerobic
basicDNA
epiphytic
mitochondria
parasitism
vacuole2. Which of the following sentences is incorrect as an explanation of [ 2 ]microorganisms shown in the underlined part 1 above? Record the letter (A D) of theincorrect sentence in the designated space (I 2) on the answer sheet.
A Some of them produce alcohol by fermentation.
B They generally die when the soil is waterlogged.
C Generally they are found more frequently in paddy fields than in uplandfields.
D Some of them can tolerate very high temperatures.
3．What do you call the process shown in the underlined part 2? Select the answer fromthe list of phrases given below and record the appropriate letter (A E) in thedesignated space (I 3) on the answer sheet.
A glycolysis
D nitrogen fixation

B meiosis
E photosynthesis

Cmitosis

4. Regarding the underlined part 3, theoretically how many times more efficient is theproduction of [ 5 ] through [ 3 ] respiration in comparison to that of [ 2 ]respiration? Select the answer from the list of phrases given below and record theappropriate letter (A E) in the designated space (I 4) on the answer sheet.
A 3 times

B 6 times

C9 times

D18 times

E36 times

5. Both [ 6 ] and [ 8 ] are considered to have evolved from independent
microorganisms to organelles. Three of the following statements are the basis for thishypothesis. Select the incorrect statement from the four and record the appropriate
letter (A D) in the designated space (I 5) on the answer sheet.
A They have their own genes independent from nuclear ones.
B They have a double membrane structure.
C There is only one of them in a cell.
D They divide themselves.

2II. Read the following passage and answer the subsequent questions using the answer
sheet.
Fern plants that we are usually able to observe are mostly [ 1 ], which form
spores in sporangium on leaves. Spores fly out of the plant after drying, germinate in an
appropriately humid place, and form [ 2 ]. [ 2 ] of fern are called [ 3 ].
Sperms synthesized in [ 4 ], formed on [ 2 ], move to [ 5 ], similarly formedon [ 2 ] and fertilize there with an egg. A fertilized egg develops into [ 1 ], 1
differentiating stems, leaves and roots.
There are [ 6 ] and [ 7 ] in seed plants, which have evolved from ferns.
In [ 6 ] ovules are exposed, but in [ 7 ] they are protected by ovaries. Flowers
are the reproductive organs of [ 7 ] and consist of calyxes, petals, stamens and pistils.
In [ 8 ] at the tip of the stamen, pollens containing male gametes, are produced. In[ 8 ] pollen-mother cells are divided and mature pollens are developed throughpollen tetrad. In pistils, egg cells containing female gametes are developed.
Embryo-sac-mother cells are divided, resulting in the formation of embryo-sacs. Amature embryo-sac has an 2 egg cell, synergids, antipodes and a central cell containing 2
polar nuclei. A mature pollen contains a pollen-tube nucleus and 2 sperm, germinates on
the stigma and extends a pollen tube. The pollen tube develops in the style and when it
reaches the embryo-sac, one sperm fertilizes with the egg cell and the other sperm withthe central cell. Fertilization with the egg cell produces embryo and with central cell
produces [ 9 ]. Thus, in [ 7 ] two fertilization processes occur simultaneously
and this is called double fertilization. 3 In [ 6 ], fertilization occurs basically in away similar to that of [ 7 ], but it includes some differences.
1. Fill in the blanks ( [ 1 ] [ 9 ] ) in the above passage from the list given below andrecord the appropriate letters (A W) in the designated spaces (II 1 (1)~(9)) on theanswer sheet.
ADGJMPSV

algae
antheridia
cotyledons
gametophytes
hygrophytes
lichenprotonemathalli

BEHK
N
QTW

angiosperms
archegonia
endosperm
gymnosperms
hypocotyls
pericarp
sporophytes
xerophytes
3CFIL
ORU

anthers
bryophytes
epiphytic
halophytes
mesophyte
prothallitesta

2. Stems, leaves and roots, described in the underlined part 1, are connected byconducting tissues. What do we call these tissues? Select the answer from the list ofphrases given below and record the appropriate letter (A-E) in the designated space(II 2) on the answer sheet.
A annual ring
D Casparian strip

B apical meristem
E vascular bundle

Ccambium

3. The figure shown below indicates a mature embryo-sac. Which of the letters indicatesthe egg cell described in the underlined part 2? Select the correct letter from thefigure and record the appropriate letter (A G) in the designated space (II-3) on theABCGDEF

Figureanswer sheet.
4. As shown in the underlined part 3, there are some differences in the process ofreproduction of [ 6 ] and [ 7 ]. Among the following statements on thereproduction process of [ 7 ], select a statement that cannot be applied to [ 6 ],and record the appropriate letter (A-D) in the designated space (II-4) on the answersheet.
A Pollen-mother cells develop into mature pollens through pollen tetrad.
B Double fertilization is the major mode of fertilization.
C An embryo-sac is developed from the embryo-sac-mother cells.
D After pollination, pollens develop pollen tubes.

4

5. The genome of diploid plants is shown as “2n”. As such, how are the genomes ofpollens (II-5-(1)), embryo (II-5-(2)) and [ 9 ] (II-5-(3)) expressed? Select theappropriate answers from the following and record the letters (A E) in the designatedspaces (II-5-(1)~(3)) on the answer sheet.
A “n”

B “2n”

C“3n”

D

“4n”

E

“6n”

III. Read the following passage and answer the subsequent questions 1–3.
Animals oxidize organic substances in food and obtain energy from it. The
table below shows the values of oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, and obtainedenergy when 1g of one of the three major nutrients is oxidized in the body of a mammal.
The respiratory quotient is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide volume
eliminated to oxygen volume consumed when an organic substance(s) is oxidized
during a certain period within a body of an organism. When 1.0 g of fat is oxidized inthis mammal, [ 1 ] L of carbon dioxide is eliminated. When 60 L of oxygen isconsumed, 54 L of carbon dioxide is eliminated, and 3.0 g of protein is oxidized duringa certain period of time, we can estimate that [ 2 ] g of carbohydrate and [ 3 ] gof fat are oxidized in this period.
Tableoxidized substanceoxygen consumption(L/g)

respiratory quotientobtained energy(kcal/g)carbohydrate
fatprotein

0.84
2.0
0.96

1.0
0.7
0.8

4.2
9.4
4.3

1. Choose the most suitable numeral values that match the blanks ( [ 1 ]−[ 3 ])in the above passage from A–H, and record the letters in the designated spaces (III–1(1)〜(3)) on the answer sheet.
AE

0.7
9.0

BF

1.2
10.0

CG

1.4
46.5

DH

2.9
47.6

2. When these substances are oxidized not in an organism’s body but in a test tube, howmuch energy is obtained compared to the values in the above table? Choose the most5

appropriate answer from A–E and record the letter in the designated space (III–2) onthe answer sheet.
ABCDE

The energy obtained is higher than indicated in the table for all threesubstances.
The energy obtained is higher than that in the table only for protein, and thevalues are the same for carbohydrate and fat.
The energy obtained is lower than that indicated in the table only for protein,
and the values are the same for carbohydrate and fat.
The energy obtained is higher than that indicated in the table only for fat,and the values are the same for carbohydrate and protein.
The energy obtained is lower than that indicated in the table only for fat, andthe values are the same for carbohydrate and fat.

3. Fat is a typical storage material in animals. Choose the most suitable reason for thisfrom A–D, and record the letter in the designated space (III–3) on the answer sheet.
ABCD

Fat has the highest oxygen consumption (L/g) among the three substances.
Fat has the lowest respiratory quotient among the three substances.
Fat has the highest obtained energy (kcal/g) among the three substances.
Oxidation of fat produces carbon dioxide and water only.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the subsequent questions 1–5.
The eye color of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is geneticallydetermined. The wild-type gene (red eye) is dominant, and the white-eye gene isrecessive. The base sequence of the initial portion of the wild-type gene is as follows,
where each capital letter represents a base of DNA and -3’ and-5’ show the direction:
3’-AGGGCCGTTACCCGGTTCTCCTA…….-5’
1With this DNA as a template, mRNA is synthesized. This process is called [1 ].
Then, a protein is synthesized based on the sequence of this mRNA from the 5’ terminal.
This process is called [ 2 ]. The protein synthesis starts at the first sequence that
corresponds to methionine, and stops at one of the three sequences for “stop”.

6

1.

Choose the most suitable base sequence synthesized in the underlined statement 1
from A–E, and record the letter in the designated space (IV–1) on the answer sheet.
A
B
CDE

2.

5’-AGGGCCGUUACCCGGUUCUCCUA…….-3’
5’-UCCCGGCAAUGGGCCAAGAGGAU…….-3’
5’-CUUUAAUGGCAAAUUGGAGAAGC…….-3’
5’-GAAAUUACCGUUUAACCUCUUCG…….-3’
5’-AUCCUCUUGGCCCAUUGCCGGGA…….-3’

Choose the most suitable terms that match the blanks [1 ] and [2 ] from A–

E, and record the letters in the designated spaces (IV–2(1)〜(2)) on the answer sheet.
A
B
C
DE
3.

differentiation
replicationtranscription
transformationtranslation

Choose the most suitable sites in the cell where the processes [1] and [2 ]occur, and record the letters in the designated spaces (IV–3(1)〜(2)) on the answersheet.
ABCDE
4.

cell membrane
centrosome
Golgi bodynucleusribosome

Choose the name of the fourth amino acid from the first methionine of thesynthesized protein from A–E below referring to the genetic code dictionary, andrecord the letter in the designated space (IV–4) on the answer sheet.
ABCDE

alaninearginineglutamine
glutamic acidtryptophan
75.

In wild-type flies, this protein is composed of approximately 600 amino acids. In
white-eye flies, however, a mutation exists on the above-shown part of the gene, andthe product of the gene is very short and does not function. Choose the most suitablebase sequence of the gene in white-eye flies from A–E, and record the letter in thedesignated space (IV–5) on the answer sheet.
ABC
DE

3’-GGGGCCGTTACCCGGTTCTCCTA…….-5’
3’-AGGGCCGTTACCCGGTCCTCCTA…….-5’
3’-AGGGCCGTTACCCGGTTATCCTA…….-5’
3’-AGGGCCGTTACCCGGTTCTTCTA…….-5’
3’-AGGGCCGTTACCCGGTTCTCCTG…….-5’
Genetic code table

UUU
UUC
UUA
UUG

Phenylalanine

Leucine

CUU
CUC
CUA

Leucine

UCU

UAU

UCC

UAC

UCA

Serine

UAA

UCG

UAG

CCU

CAU

CCC
CCA

CAC

Proline

CAA

CUG

CCG

CAG

AUU

ACU

AAU

ACC

AAC

AUC

Isoleucine

AUA
AUG

ACA
Methionine

GUU
GUC
GUA
GUG

Valine

AAA
AAG

GCU

GAU

GCA

Stop

Histidine

Glutamine

Asparagine

UGU
UGC

Cysteine

UGA

Stop

UGG

Tryptophan

CGU
CGC
CGA

Arginine

CGG
AGU
AGC

SerineThreonine

ACG

GCC

Tyrosine

GAC

Alanine

GAA

GCG

GAG

8LysineAspartic acid

Glutamic acidAGAAGG

Arginine

GGU
GGC
GGA
GGG

GlycineV. Choose the most suitable biological item from A–E that matches the following
phrases 1–6, and record the corresponding letters in the designated spaces (V–1~6) ofthe answer sheet.
1. A phenomenon that describes how land is degraded with lack of succession underrelatively dry conditions
A cooling
B desertification
C eutrophication
D extinction
E warming
2. Partial exchanges that occur between homologous chromosomes
A apomixes
B crossing-overC parthenocarpy
D splicing
E xenia3

The main component of cell wall
A anthocyan
B cellulose

C cutinDlipidEtannin

4

The trophic level at which the earthworm resides in the ecosystem
A producer
B primary consumer
C secondary consumer
D tertiary consumer
E decomposer

5

An organ derived from the ectoderm in the development of vertebrates
A brain
B gillC lungD notochord
E skeletal muscle

6

A cell that produces immunoglobulin
A erythrocyte
B glomerular cell
D lymphocyte
E macrophage

9

C hepatocyte