Global Psychotrauma Screen(GPS)
User guideMay 2024

The GPS in short .................................................................................................................................... 2
Development of the GPS ........................................................................................................................ 3
GPS languages ....................................................................................................................................... 5
The GPS app .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Collecting GPS data for research or clinical use..................................................................................... 5
Scoring and interpretation ....................................................................................................................... 5
Psychometric properties and norm data ................................................................................................. 7
GPS existing data sets............................................................................................................................ 7
Ongoing research using the GPS ........................................................................................................... 7
References.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Appendices ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Appendix 1. GPS English version ..................................................................................................... 10
Appendix 2. GPS scoring sheet ........................................................................................................ 12
Appendix 3. GPS symptoms and domain scores (16 Feb 2024) ...................................................... 14
Appendix 4. GPS symptoms scores per country (16 Feb 2024) ...................................................... 15
Appendix 5. SPSS Syntax ................................................................................................................ 17

www.global-psychotrauma.net/gps

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

The GPS in short•

The GPS is a transdiagnostic screener for stress and trauma related reactions in the past month.

•

The GPS begins with questions about the stressful or traumatic event.

•

The GPS provides indicators of:•ospecific trauma related disorders or problems (e.g., PTSD)

ooverall symptom burden

The GPS also assesses risk and protective factors known to influence the development orcourse of symptoms•

The GPS can be used in a variety of settings such as in primary care, after disasters, or inclinical practice.

•

The GPS is available in over 30 languages.

•

The GPS-app provides the user with direct feedback on the scores.

•

A 'positive' score may require more detailed follow-up assessments, e.g., with structured
interviews for specific disorders.

GPS User Guide-May 2024

2

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

Development of the GPS
The GPS was developed by an international group of experts representing traumatic stresssocieties worldwide, called the Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress (Olff et al.,2020; Schnyder et al., 2017). The aim was to address the need for a brief instrument that would
assess the wide range of acute or long-term potential consequences of very stressful / potentiallytraumatic events. The instrument screens for more than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; see
GPS domains below). The GPS is intended for use in a variety of settings such as in primary care,after disasters, or for quick screening in clinical practice. For details on its development, see Olffet al. (2020).

The GPS and its domains
The GPS consists of 17 symptom items, 5 risk/protective factor items, each answered in a yes/noformat, and one functioning item assessed on a scale from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent).
The English version is attached (Appendix 1). See website (https://www.globalpsychotrauma.net/gps) for other languages.

GPS and its domains
Symptom domains (17 items)• PTSD•

Disturbances in Self-Organization (DSO) as part of Complex PTSD•

Anxiety•

Depression•

Sleep problems•

Self-harm•

Dissociation•

Other physical, emotional or social problems•

Substance abuse

Risk and protective factors (5 items)•

Other stressful events•Childhood trauma•

History of mental illness•

Social support•

Psychological resilience

Functioning (1 item)
GPS User Guide-May 2024

3

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

Table 1. GPS languages, availability through GPS app and pdf download
LANGUAGE

TAKE GPS APPDOWNLOAD PDF

Afrikaanstake GPS app

download pdf

Amharic

download pdf

Arabicdownload pdf

Armeniantake GPS app

download pdf

Bemba

download pdf

Burmesedownload pdf

Chinesetake GPS app

download pdf

Croatiantake GPS app

download pdf

Dutchtake GPS app

download pdf

Englishtake GPS app

download pdf or <<audio>>

Farsi/Persian

download pdf

Frenchtake GPS app

download pdf

Georgiantake GPS app

download pdf

Germantake GPS app

download pdf

Greektake GPS app

download pdf

Haitiandownload pdf

Hausa

download pdf

Hebrew

download pdf

Indonesiantake GPS app

download pdf

Italiantake GPS app

download pdf

Japanesetake GPS app

download pdf

Norwegiantake GPS app

download pdf

Polishtake GPS app

download pdf

Portuguese (Europe)

take GPS app

download pdf

Portuguese (Brazil)

take GPS app

download pdf

Romanian

download pdf

Russiantake GPS app

download pdf

Slovaktake GPS app

download pdf

Spanishtake GPS app

download pdf

Spanish (Argentinian)take GPS app

download pdf

Swahili
Turkishdownload pdf
take GPS app

download pdf

Ukrainian

download pdf

Xhosa

download pdf

Yorubadownload pdf

GPS User Guide-May 2024

4

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

GPS languages
The GPS is currently available in over 30 languages (Table 1). For direct links: https://www.globalpsychotrauma.net/gps.
The English version has been translated into the languages listed above following the translationand cultural adaptation process described by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat (2011) or a similar process.
Please note that some (African) languages are widely spoken across different countries and there
might be instances when the terminology may suit one country better than another. Pleasecontact us at gc.traumaticstress@gmail.com if a specific country version is required.

The GPS app
is also available through the GPS webapp. The app allows users
to easily fill out the GPS and to receive immediate feedback onscores.
For direct links: https://www.global-psychotrauma.net/gps

Collecting GPS data for research or clinical use
Researchers and clinicians may get a private portal for access to GPS app data. Please contact us
if you are interested: gc.traumaticstress@gmail.com

Scoring and interpretation
Respondents are asked to answer each of the 17 symptom items and each of the 5 risk andprotective factors with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. Note that the resilience item must be recoded - in the Webapp data this item is already recoded.
The functioning item is scored on a 10-point scale, with 1 indicating poor functioning and 10
excellent functioning.

GPS Scoring
GPS items 1-21:

No=0

Yes=1

GPS Item 22:

No=1

Yes=0 (In the GPS-app GPS22 is already recoded)

GPS item 23:

10-point scale 1 = poor 10 = excellent

The demographic and event information fields are descriptive. The short textual descriptions of
the stressful experience have been used in a text mining study as predictors of trauma-related
symptoms (Marengo et al., 2022).

GPS User Guide-May 2024

5

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

Total and GPS domain scores
GPS total and domain scores can be calculated see Tables 2 & 3. Please find a Scoring sheet inAppendix 2. See Appendix 5 for a detailed SPSS Syntax.

Cutoff scores
Cutoff scores (Table 2) are provided to detect specific disorders with optimal sensitivity relative to
specificity1, based on the currently available published and unpublished studies (find them here).
In situations where it is important to minimize false positives, a higher cutoff score might beconsidered. It is advised that scoring above the total symptom cutoff or on certain domains isfollowed up with more detailed assessments, e.g., with structured interviews for specificdisorders.
A scoring sheet can be found in Appendix 2.

Table 2. Scoring of domains
TRAUMA RELATEDSCORINGCUTOFF WITH OPTIMALDISORDERS OR PROBLEMSSENSITIVITY FOR DETECTING(DOMAINS)

SPECIFIC DISORDERS / PROBLEMSGPS PTSD

Sum of items 1-5 (range 0-5)

3

GPS DSO

Sum of items 6-7 (range 0-2)

1

GPS COMPLEX PTSD

Sum of items 1-7 (range 0-7)

4

GPS ANXIETY

Sum of items 8-9 (range 0-2)

1

GPS DEPRESSION

Sum of items 10-11 (range 0-2)

1

GPS INSOMNIA

Item 12 (range 0-1)

1

GPS SELF-HARM

Item 13 (range 0-1)

1

GPS DISSOCIATION

Sum of items 14-15 (range 0-2)

1

GPS SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Item 18 (range 0-1)

1

GPS OTHER PROBLEMS

Item 16 (range 0-1)

1

Table 3. Scoring total scores
TRANSDIAGNOSTICOVERALL SYMPTOM
BURDENGPS Symptoms

ITEMS

HOW TO USE

Sum of items 1-16 + 18
(range 0-17)

Higher scores indicate higher overall burden.
GPS symptom score > 11 indicate moderate to severe
symptom levels.
Mean scores per country are provided in Appendix 4.

RISK & PROTECTIVE
FACTORS

1

Optimal sensitivity means we prioritize detecting persons with mental health problems potentially needing help or
treatment (true positives), while the number of false negatives should be low. Specificity relates to correctly identifying
trauma survivors without traumatic stress problems.

GPS User Guide-May 2024

6

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

GPS Risk & Protective
factors

Sum of items 17 + 1922r (range 0-5)

Higher scores indicate higher risk for (a negative courseof) trauma related disorders or problems.

Psychometric properties and norm data
Ongoing research suggests good internal reliability as well as concurrent validity of the GPS with
instruments measuring a range of psychotrauma related symptom domains (Belquaid et al.,2023; Frewen et al., 2021; Grace et al., 2023; Haering et al., 2024; Marengo et al., 2022; Olff et al.,2020, 2021; Oe et al., 2020; Primasari et al., 2024; Rossi et al., 2020; Rossi et al., 2021; Salimi et al.,2023). Network analyses confirm the conceptualization of psychological responses to traumatic
events (including COVID-19) as a network of highly interconnected symptoms and support theuse of a transdiagnostic approach (Williamson et al., 2021).
Cross cultural norm data have been collected in a large global sample and data collection is
ongoing. A paper based on over 7000 participants has been published (Olff et al., 2021). GPS total
and domain scores per gender aggregated from countries with samples sizes >100 are listed inAppendix 3. Means and SDs for GPS symptom scores of male and female respondents in specificcountries with sample sizes > 100 are listed in Appendix 4.

GPS existing data sets
Please feel free to use existing data sets including the GPS to answer further research questions.
These can be found here (https://www.global-psychotrauma.net/data-sets).
Ongoing research using the GPS
An overview of ongoing studies can be found here, raw data on the FAIR data sets page.

GPS User Guide-May 2024

7

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

References•

Belquaid, S., Faure, S., Hoeboer, C.M., Olff, M. (2023). Global Psychotrauma Screening: The French Version. Poster
presentation at Trauma, Crisis and Conflict: Connecting Research and Practice, Sept 28-29, Hilversum, The Netherlands•

Frewen, P., McPhail, I, Schnyder, U., Oe, M., Olff, M. (2021). Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS): Psychometric
Properties in two Internet-based Studies. European Journal of
Psychotraumatology, 12(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1881725•

Frewen, P., Vincent, A., & Olff, M. (2024). Childhood trauma histories in men and women assessed by the childhood
attachment and relational trauma screen (CARTS) and the global psychotrauma screen (GPS): Results from the global
collaboration on traumatic stress (GC-TS). Child Abuse & Neglect, 149, 106610.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106610•

Grace, E., Rogers, R., Usher, R., Rivera, I.M., Elbakry, H., Sotilleo, S., Doe, R., Toribio, M., Coreas, N., & Olff, M. (2023).
Psychometric Properties of the Global Psychotrauma Screen in the United States. Health Psychology and Behavioral
Medicine, 11,1, 2266215, doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2023.2266215 .

•Haering, S., Kooistra, M. J., Bourey, C., Chimed-Ochir, U., Doubková, N., Hoeboer, C. M., Lathan, E. C., Christie, H., & deHaan, A. (2024). Exploring transdiagnostic stress and trauma-related symptoms across the world: A latent classanalysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 15(1), 2318190. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2318190•

Havermans, D.C.D., Hoeboer, C.M., Sobczak, S., Primasari, I., Coimbra, B.M., Hovnanyan, A., Novakovic, I.Z., Langevin,R., Aakvaag, H.F., Grace, E., Dragan, M., Lueger-Schuster, B., El-Hage, W. & Olff, M.. (2023). The mental health impactof the COVID-19 pandemic and exposure to other potentially traumatic events up to old age. J Trauma
Stress. Aug;36(4):738-749. doi: 10.1002/jts.22937. Epub 2023 May 23.

•

Hoffman, J., Ben-Zion, Z., Arévalo, A., Duek, O., Greene, T., Hall, B., Harpaz-Rotem, I., Liddell, B., Locher C., Morina, N.,
Nickerson, A., Pfaltz, M., Schick, M., Schnyder, U., Seedat, S., Shatri, F., Fong Sit,, H., von Känel., R. & Spiller, T.R.
(2022). Mapping the availability of translated versions of posttraumatic stress disorder screening questionnaires for adults:
A scoping review protocol. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13,2. doi 10.1080/20008066.2022.2143019•

Marengo, D., Hoeboer, C.M., Veldkamp, B.P., GPS-txt consortium, & Olff M. (2022). Text mining to improve screening fortrauma-related symptoms in a global sample. Psychiatry Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114753•

Oe, M., Kobayashi, Y., Ishida, T., Chiba, H., Matsuoka, M., Kakuma, T., Frewen, P. & Olff, M. (2020). Screening forpsychotrauma related symptoms: Japanese translation and pilot testing of the Global Psychotrauma Screen. European
Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1810893•

Olff, M., Bakker, A., Frewen, P., Aakvaag, H., Ajdukovic, D., Brewer, D., Elmore Borbon, D.L., Cloitre, M., Hyland, P.,
Kassam-Adams, N., Knefel, M., Lanza, J.A., Lueger-Schuster, B., Nickerson, A., Oe, M., Pfaltz, M.C., Salgado, C.,
Seedat, S., Wagner, A., Schnyder, U. & Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress (GC-TS) (2020). Screening forconsequences of trauma – an update on the global collaboration on traumatic stress. European Journal of
Psychotraumatology, 11(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1752504•

Olff, M., Primasari, I, Qing, Y, Coimbra B.M., Hovnanyan, A, Grace E, Williamson, R.E., Hoeboer, C.M. & Global
Collaboration on Traumatic Stress (GC-TS) (2021). Mental Health Responses to COVID-19 around the World. European
Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1929754•

Primasari, I., Hoeboer, C. M., Bakker, A., & Olff, M. (2024). Adaptation and validation study of the Indonesian version of
the Global Psychotrauma Screen in an undergraduate student population. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 132, 152485.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152485•

Rossi, R., Socci, V., Pacitti, F., Di Lorenzo, G., Di Marco, A., Siracusano, A., Rossi, Alessandro (2020). Mental Health
Outcomes Among Frontline and Second-Line Health CareWorkers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Pandemic in Italy. JAMA Network Open. 3,5:e2010185. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10185•

Rossi, R., Socci, V., Talevi, D. Cinzia Niolu, C., Pacitti, F., Di Marco, A., Rossi, A., Siracusano, A., Di Lorenzo, G., Olff, M.
(2021). Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19
outbreak. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1855888•

Salimi, Y., Hoeboer, C., Motevalli Haghi, S.A. et al. (2023). Trauma and its consequences in Iran: cross-cultural adaption
and validation of the Global Psychotrauma Screen in a representative sample. BMC Psychiatry 23,
65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04564-8•

Schnyder, U., Schafer, I., Aakvaag, H. F., Ajdukovic, D., Bakker, A., Bisson, J.I., Brewer, D., Cloitre, M., Dyb, G.A.,
Frewen,P., Lanza, J., Le Brocque, R., Lueger-Schuster, B., Mwiti, G.K., Oe, M., Rosner, R., Schellong, J., Shigemura, J.,
Wu, K., & Olff, M. (2017). The global collaboration on traumatic stress. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8,(1),doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1403257•

Sousa, V.D. & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in crosscultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 17 , 268–274•

Williamson R. E., Hoeboer, C., Primasari, I., Qing, Y., Coimbra, B., Hovnanyan, A., Grace, E., & Olff, M. (2021). Symptom
networks of COVID-19-related versus other potentially traumatic events in a global sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders,84, 102476 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102476

GPS User Guide-May 2024

8

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic StressChild/adolescent studies•

Bi, Y., Cao, C., Fang, R., Wang, N., Liu, P., Luo, S., Grace, E., & Wang, L. (2024). A latent class analysis of dissociative
PTSD subtype among Chinese adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Journal of Affective
Disorders, 349, 596-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.078•

Cao, C., Wang, L., Fang, R., Liu, P., Bi, Y., Luo, S., Grace, E., & Olff, M. (2021). Anxiety, depression, and PTSD
symptoms among high school students in China in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Journal of
Affective Disorders, 296. 126-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.052•

Grace, E., Sotilleo, Sh., Rogers, R., Doe, R., & Olff, M. (2021). Semantic adaptation of the Global Psychotrauma Screen
for children and adolescents in the United States. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12,(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1911080•

Koutsopoulou, I., Grace, E., Gkintoni, E., & Olff, M. (2024). Validation of the Global Psychotrauma Screen for Adolescentsin Greece. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 100384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100384

Contact details
If you have any questions regarding the GPS, please contact:
gc.traumaticstress@gmail.com

GPS User Guide-May 2024

9

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

Appendices
Appendix 1. GPS English version

Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS)|__|__|__|__|__|
Participant Identification Number

Gendero Femaleo MaleOthero|__|__|__|

Age (years)

Sometimes things happen to people that are unusually or especiallyfrightening, horrible, or traumatic.
Briefly describe the event or experience that currently affects you the most:……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

This event happened:o last montho last half yearo last year

o longer ago

This event:o was a single event occurring, at age |__|__|
o happened during a longer period / multiple times, between ages |__|__| and |__|__|
Which of the below characterize the event (more answers possible):
Physical violence:
Sexual violence:
Emotional abuse:
Serious injury:
Life threatening:o to yourself
o to yourself
o to yourself
o to yourself
o to yourself

o happened to someone elseo happened to someone elseo happened to someone elseo happened to someone elseo happened to someone elseo Sudden death of a loved one
o You causing harm to someone elseo Corona virus (COVID-19)

Considering the above event, in the past month have you….
1.
2.

… had nightmares about the past traumatic life event(s) you haveexperienced or thought about the event(s) when you did not want to?
… tried hard not to think about past traumatic life event(s) or went out ofyour way to avoid situations that reminded you of the event(s)?

o No

o Yes

o No

o Yes

3.

… been constantly on guard, watchful, or easily startled?

o No

o Yes

4.

… felt numb or detached from people, activities, or your surroundings?

o No

o Yes

o No

o Yes

5.

…

felt guilty or unable to stop blaming yourself or others for past traumatic
life event(s) or any problems the event(s) caused?

6.

… tended to feel worthless?

o No

o Yes

7.

… experienced angry outbursts that you could not control?

o No

o Yes

GPS User Guide-May 2024

10

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress8.

… been feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge?

o No

o Yes

9.

… been unable to stop or control worrying?

o No

o Yes

10.

… been feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?

o No

o Yes

11.

… been experiencing little interest or pleasure in doing things?

o No

o Yes

12.

… had any problems falling or staying asleep?

o No

o Yes

13.

… tried to intentionally hurt yourself?

o No

o Yes

14.

… perceived or experienced the world or other people differently, so thatthings seem dreamlike, strange or unreal?

o No

o Yes

15.

… felt detached or separated from your body (for example, feeling like you arelooking down on yourself from above, or like you are an outside observer of your ownbody)?

o No

o Yes

16.

… had any other physical, emotional or social problems that bothered you?

o No

o Yes

17.

other stressful events (such as financial problems, changing jobs,… experienced
moving to another house, relational crisis in work or private life)?

o No

o Yes

18.

… tried to reduce tensions by using alcohol, tobacco, drugs or medication?

o No

o Yes

19.

… missed supportive people near you that you could readily count on forhelp in times of difficulty (such as emotional support, watch over children or pets,

o No

o Yes

o No

o Yes

o No

o Yes

o No

o Yes

give rides to hospital or store, help when you are sick)?

20.

During your childhood (0-18 years), did you experience any traumatic
life events (e.g., a serious accident or fire, physical or sexual assault or abuse, adisaster, seeing someone be killed or seriously injured, or having a loved one die)?

21.

Have you ever received a psychiatric diagnosis or have you ever beentreated for psychological problems (for example, depression, anxiety or apersonality disorder)?

22.

Do you generally consider yourself to be a resilient person?

23.

How would you rate your present functioning (at work/home)?
Poor 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Excellent© 2016/2020, Global Psychotrauma Screen 2.0 Olff & Bakker, Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress,
https://www.global-psychotrauma.net/gps

GPS User Guide-May 2024

11

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

Appendix 2. GPS scoring sheet
PTSD (3 items required for probable PTSD)

Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 10 = NO

1 = YES

Item 20 = NO

1 = YES

Item 30 = NO

1 = YES

Item 40 = NO

1 = YES

0 = NO

1 = YES

Item 5
PTSD domain score
DSO (1 item required for probable DSO)

Number of symptoms =Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 60 = NO

1 = YES

Item 70 = NO

1 = YESDSO domain score

Number of symptoms =ANXIETY (1 item required for probable ANXIETY)

Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 80 = NO

1 = YES

Item 90 = NO

1 = YESANXIETY domain score
DEPRESSION (1 item required for probable DEPRESSION)

Number of symptoms =Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 10Item 11
DEPRESSION domain score
INSOMNIA (1 item required for probable INSOMNIA)

0 = NO

1 = YES

0 = NO

1 = YES

Number of symptoms =Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 120 = NOINSOMNIA domain score

SELF-HARM (1 item required for possible problems)

1 = YES

Number of symptoms =Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 130 = NOSELF-HARM domain score

DISSOCIATION (1 item required for probable DISSOCIATION)

1 = YES

Number of symptoms =Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 14
Item 15
DEPRESSION domain score

GPS User Guide-May 2024

0 = NO

1 = YES

0 = NO

1 = YES

Number of symptoms =12

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

SUBSTANCE ABUSE (1 item required for possible problems)Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 18

0 = NOSUBSTANCE ABUSE domain score

1 = YES

Number of symptoms =OTHER PROBLEMS (1 item required for possible problems)Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Item 16

0 = NOOTHER PROBLEMS domain score

1 = YES

Number of symptoms =COMPLEX PTSD (4 items required for possible COMPLEX PTSD)

Past month
Symptoms endorsed

Sum PTSD and DSO domain scores

Number of symptoms =RISK FACTORS

Past month
Risk factors endorsed
Sum item 17 + item 19-22

Number of risk factors =GPS symptom score

Past month
Symptoms endorsed
Sum item 1-16 + item 18

Moderate-severe symptoms (GPS symptom score > 11)

Summary sheet

Number of symptoms =0 = NO

1 = YES

Past month

Probable PTSD (PTSD DOMAIN > 2)

0 = NO

1 = YES

Probable DSO (DSO DOMAIN > 0)

0 = NO

1 = YES* Probable COMPLEX PTSD (COMPLEX PTSD DOMAIN > 4)

0 = NO

1 = YES

Probable ANXIETY (ANXIETY DOMAIN > 0)

0 = NO

1 = YES* Probable DEPRESSION (DEPRESSION DOMAIN > 0)

0 = NO

1 = YES

Probable INSOMNIA (INSOMNIA DOMAIN > 0)

0 = NO

1 = YES

Probable DISSOCIATION (DISSOCIATION DOMAIN > 0)

0 = NO

1 = YES

Possible SELF-HARM (SELF-HARM DOMAIN > 0)

0 = NO

1 = YES

Possible SUBSTANCE ABUSE (SUBSTANCE ABUSE DOMAIN > 0)

0 = NO

1 = YES

Possible OTHER PROBLEMS (OTHER PROBLEMS DOMAIN > 0)

0 = NO

1 = YES* NOTES FOR USE IN INDONESIA
Propable COMPLEX PTSD cut-off

5 items required

Probable DEPRESSION cut-off

2 items required

GPS User Guide-May 2024

13

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

Appendix 3. GPS symptoms and domain scores (16 Feb 2024)

Female (n=7715)

Male (n=2424)

Other gender

Total

M (SD)

M (SD)(n=160)(n=10299)

M (SD)

M (SD)

GPS_Symptoms

8.80 (4.65)

6.78 (4.83)

11.99 (4.03)

8.38 (4.78)

GPS_PTSD

0.57 (0.34)

0.43 (0.34)

0.74 (0.29)

0.54 (0.34)

GPS_DSO

0.48 (0.40)

0.37 (0.40)

0.65 (0.34)

0.45 (0.40)

GPS_CPTSD

0.55 (0.32)

0.41 (0.32)

0.72 (0.26)

0.52 (0.32)

GPS_Anxiety

0.70 (0.39)

0.55 (0.42)

0.82 (0.33)

0.66 (0.40)

GPS_Depression

0.64 (0.41)

0.50 (0.43)

0.82 (0.33)

0.61 (0.42)

GPS_Insomnia

0.62 (0.48)

0.50 (0.50)

0.79 (0.41)

0.60 (0.49)

GPS_Self-harm

0.12 (0.33)

0.08 (0.27)

0.38 (0.49)

0.12 (0.38)

GPS_Dissociation

0.29 (0.38)

0.21 (0.35)

0.59 (0.44)

0.28 (0.38)

GPS_SubstanceAbuse

0.36 (0.48)

0.32 (0.47)

0.51 (0.50)

0.35 (0.48)

GPS_OtherProblems

0.62 (0.49)

0.46 (0.50)

0.83 (0.38)

0.59 (0.49)

GPS_RiskProtect

3.31 (1.45)

2.85 (1.71)

4.14 (0.91)

3.22 (1.53)

GPS User Guide-May 2024

14

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

Appendix 4. GPS symptoms scores per country (16 Feb 2024)
Means and SDs for GPS symptom score of males and females for countries with sample sizes > 100
Country
Armenia

Australia

Austria

BelgiumBrazilCanada

Chile

China

Croatia

CyprusFranceGeorgia

Germany

GreeceGenderMale

Number of
respondents

GPS symptomscore (mean)

Standard
deviation

91

7.57

4.21

Female

251

8.71

3.53

Total

343

8.41

3.74

Male

58

8.16

5.19

Female

199

9.58

4.83

Total

261

9.31

4.93

Male

49

4.16

4.05

Female

127

6.22

4.29

Total

178

5.68

4.34

Male

77

5.62

4.56

Female

200

7.58

4.51

Total

277

7.04

4.60

Male

155

6.37

4.75

Female

561

8.02

4.32

Total

716

7.67

4.46

Male

41

8.56

5.02

Female

306

10.30

4.23

Total

360

10.19

4.33

Male

49

8.14

4.05

Female

116

10.09

4.10

Total

165

9.52

4.17

Male

169

7.40

4.74

Female

329

6.84

4.83

Total

498

7.03

4.80

Male

32

6.56

4.51

Female

245

7.53

4.00

Total

277

7.42

4.07

Male

33

5.82

4.15

Female

97

6.75

4.66

Total

130

6.52

4.54

Male

63

8.52

4.67

Female

315

9.38

4.69

Total

381

9.28

4.69

Male

48

7.08

4.08

Female

65

7.38

4.06

Total

113

7.26

4.06

Male

34

7.82

5.59

Female

227

10.46

4.82

Total

265

10.15

4.98

Male

69

5.22

3.92

Female

193

6.07

3.83

GPS User Guide-May 2024

15

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic StressCountry
India

Indonesia

Italy

Japan

Netherlands

NorwayPolandPortugal

Russian Federation

South Africa

TurkeyUkraineGender
Total

Number of
respondents

GPS symptomscore (mean)

Standard
deviation

262

5.85

3.86

Male

69

6.09

4.29

Female

136

7.76

4.67

Total

207

7.29

4.67

Male

138

7.01

4.50

Female

456

8.18

4.53

Total

598

7.93

4.55

Male

29

6.72

4.33

Female

104

7.02

4.07

Total

133

6.95

4.11

Male

41

4.61

3.85

Female

94

5.55

4.36

Total

135

5.27

4.22

Male

86

6.35

4.46

Female

180

7.21

4.78

Total

271

7.04

4.77

Male

15

8.33

4.42

Female

167

8.40

4.95

Total

182

8.39

4.90

Male

32

9.28

5.34

Female

266

10.60

4.15

Total

315

10.54

4.31

Male

152

5.48

4.82

Female

143

6.47

4.46

Total

295

5.96

4.67

Male

222

2.75

3.66

Female

226

5.09

4.05

Total

448

3.93

4.03

Male

31

6.55

4.03

Female

195

9.58

4.61

Total

227

9.17

4.64

Male

31

8.06

4.84

Female

113

8.27

3.94

Total

145

8.21

4.12

Male

17

8.47

3.08

Female

107

8.72

3.84

Total

127

8.80

3.76

United Kingdom of GreatBritain and Northern
Ireland

Male

32

7.50

4.49

Female

116

9.78

4.47

Total

152

9.40

4.56

United States of America

Male

333

9.58

4.46

Female

1642

10.86

4.14

Total

2051

10.70

4.21

GPS User Guide-May 2024

16

GLOBALCOLLABORATION
on Traumatic Stress

Appendix 5. SPSS Syntax
SPSS Syntax for calculating GPS symptom and domain scores*GPS domain mean scores.
COMPUTE GPS_PTSD=SUM(GPS1,GPS2,GPS3,GPS4,GPS5)/5.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_DSO=SUM(GPS6,GPS7)/2.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_CPTSD= SUM(GPS1,GPS2,GPS3,GPS4,GPS5,GPS6,GPS7)/7.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_Anx=SUM(GPS8,GPS9)/2.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_Depr=SUM(GPS10,GPS11)/2.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_Insomnia=SUM(GPS12).
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_Selfharm=SUM(GPS13).
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_Dissoc=SUM(GPS14, GPS15)/2.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_Substance=GPS18.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE GPS_Otherproblems=GPS16.
EXECUTE.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_PTSD 'GPS PTSD'.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_Anx 'GPS Anxiety'.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_Depr 'GPS Depression'.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_DSO 'GPS PTSD DSO'.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_CPTSD 'GPS CPTSD'.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_Insomnia 'GPS Insomnia'.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_Selfharm 'GPS Self harm'.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_Dissoc 'GPS Dissociation'.
VARIABLE LABELS GPS_Otherproblems 'GPS Other problems'.
EXECUTE.
*GPS symptom scores.
COMPUTE GPS_Sym = sum(gps1 to gps16 ) + gps18.
EXECUTE.
VARIABLE LEVEL GPS_Sym(SCALE).
*GPS Risk-protective factors.
** Note that when using the GPS app data the GPS22 (resilience item) has already been recoded, for handcoding see scoring instructions above).
COMPUTE RiskNrFactors = GPS17 + GPS19 + GPS20 + GPS21 + GPS22.
EXECUTE.

GPS User Guide-May 202417