Welcome to our Webinar on

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Key or Hindrance for the Expansion ofRenewables in Germany and Japan?
Supported by:1

Host and Experts

Johanna Schilling
Senior Project Manager, ECOS

Takahiro Hosokawa
Environment & Energy Technology
Dept., Asia Air Survey Co.,Ltd.

Lars Langeleh
Financing & Sales,Summary
WestWind ENERGY
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AgendaBackground
Wind and Solar Energy Development in Germany and Japan

Environmental Impact Assessment in Germanyand Japan
Legal Basis, Actors, Procedure

Summary / Discussion
Summary

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Background
Focus on PV and WindIEA Wold Energy Report 2019 (Stated Policies Scenario):“The expansion of generation from wind and solar PV helps
renewables overtake coal in the power generation mix in the
mid-2020s.
By 2040, low-carbon sources provide more than half of total
electricity generation. Wind and solar PV are the star
performers […]”

Webinar: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Japan and Germany

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Background
RE costs continue to drop

Source: IRENA
Report „Renewable
Power generation
Costs in 2019“Webinar: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Japan and Germany

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BackgroundRE expansion plans in Germany

Source: Agora
Energiewende,Germany, 2020
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BackgroundRE expansion plans in Japan

Source: METI 2018
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Background
Wind: Installed capacity (cumulated) end of 2018 (in GW)

Source: Renewable Energy Institute (REI), Japan (2019)
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Background
Wind: Installed capacity in Japan and Germany (2019)
Wind power capacity Japan 2019 [MW]Cumulative installed capacity: 3654
MWWind power capacity Germany 2019 [MW]Cumulative installed capacity: 61500 MW
offshore:
7500

offshore:
65,6onshore:3588,4onshore:54000

Sources: Japan Wind Power Association 2020, Agency for Renewable Energies (AEE) 2020
Webinar: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Japan and Germany

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Wind Farms in Germany

Offshore Windpark Butendiek, North Sea,
288 MW (2015)

Onshore Windpark Friedrichskoog, 203 MW (2010)

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Background
Offshore Wind: installed capacity on the German coast (2019)

Source: Stiftung Offshore Windenergie 2020
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Background
Wind Farms in Japan

Inami/Wakayama Pref., 26 MW (2018)

Webinar: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Japan and Germany

Ports of Akita and Noshiro, 140MW (from 2022)

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Background
Demonstration Projects for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Near Kitakyushu: 3 MW (2019)

Near Fukushima, 14 MW (2015/2019)

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Background
Current Offshore Wind Power Projects in Japan

Source: JapanWind PowerAssociation
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Background
PV: Installed capacity (cumulated) end of 2018 (in GW)

Source: IEA PVPS Snapshot of Global PV Market (2019)
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Background„Megasolar“ plants in Germany

Enerparc 8.6 MW Solarpark in Wismar (2011)

Canadian Solar 168 MW Senftenberg (2011)

Open-space PV plants: 11 GW
à more than 25% of total
installed capacity
ENFO AG 155 MW Solarpark Neuhardenberg (2012)

Source: Agency for Renewable Energies (AEE),Germany (2019)

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Background„Megasolar“ plants in Japan

Toshiba 25 MW PV plant in Miyazaki

Kyocera 78 MW Kagoshima Bay

Open-space PV plants: 14.56 GW
à more than 32% of total
installed capacity
Kyocera 14 MW Yamakura dam

Source: Renewable Energy Institute (REI),Japan (2019)

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BackgroundRenewables and EIA
r To achieve a relevant share of RE in the energy mix,large-scale projects such as wind farms and megasolar
plants are necessaryr This development is closely linked to the question ofenvironmental compatibility and social acceptance.

r The preconditions and procedure of environmental

impact assessments (EIA) gain higher relevance against
this background.

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Environmental Impact Assessment
Definition• The aim of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is toassess the extent to which a project endangers theenvironment and the health of the people concerned before it
is approved.
• The aim is to avoid, reduce or compensate foreseeabledamage.
• An essential feature is the possibility for the affected citizens toget involved in the decision-making process. In this way,
possible resistance can be reduced and acceptance increased.

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Environmental Impact Assessment
Legal BasisJapan

Germany

Environmental Impact Assessment
Act
First implemented in 1999
Environmental Impact Assessment
Ordinances (local governments)

Environmental Assessment Law(UVPG)First implemented in 1990
Federal Immission Control Act(BImSchG)

Land-use planning committes on city
government level

Land-use plan of Federal States /Municipalities

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Legal Basis for EIA – WindJapan

Germany

WTGs with capacities of > 10MWØ „Class 1“ projects Ø EIA required

Construction of ≥ 20 WTGs
Ø EIA required

WTGs with capacities of ≥ 7.5 MW
and < 10 MW
Ø "Class 2" projects Ø subject to EIA,
if deemed necessary after priorreview
WTGs with capacities of < 7.5MW
EIA required in some prefectures

Wind farms with ≥ 6 wind turbines(> 50 m total height)Ø general preliminary EIA
assessment
Wind farms with 3-5 wind turbines
Ø site-related preliminary EIAassessment
1-2 wind turbines (> 50 m)
Ø simplified approval procedure canbe carried out without an EIA

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Legal Basis for EIA – Open-Space PVJapan

Germany

Since April 1st, 2020:
Megasolar projects of ≥ 40 MW
Ø “Class 1” Ø subject to EIA

PV ground-mounted systems are notsubject to an EIA

Megasolar projects of ≥ 30 MW
Ø “Class 2”
Ø subject to EIA, if necessary after
prior review

Local government checks space andenvironmental impact; open spacemust be changed to “special solarzone” in the land-use planning.

Megasolar projects of < 30 MW
Ø Subject to EIA in some prefectures

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Environmental Impact Assessment
Who is involved?
• Project Proponent• Approving Authorities• Residents / Public

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Environmental Impact Assessment
Way of Implementation in Germany
Process of an EIA in Germany

Source: German Federal Environmental Agency (UBA)
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Environmental Impact Assessment
Way of Implementation in Germany
Information on project

Decision whether EIA is required
Decision on socpe and method ofthe EIA (Scoping)

Project application/
EIA report

Check of the EIA Report
Participation of public
Summarized description of impacts
and requested measures
Approval of the EIA Report

Project implementation

Monitoring
Source: German Federal Environmental Agency (UBA)

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Environmental Impacts Assessment
Way of Implementation in Japan - Overview

Source:
MoEJ (2019)
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Environmental Impact Assessment
Duration period• Germany: overall approval procedures for onshore windturbines takes about 3 years, including EIA (around 18months).
• Japan: Average duration between 36-48 months; median:
3.6 years

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Environmental Impact Assessment
Plans to shorten EIA procedure in Japan

Source: MoEJ (2017)
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Summary / Points for Discussion• In Germany as well as in Japan, there are specificchallenges for the large-scale expansion of Renewables.
• EIA can be an obstacle for fast expansion of Renewables;
On the other hand, it is important for environmental
protection and social acceptance.
à How can the balance between hindering and promoting
effect can be improved?
à How much public participation is necessary? Is it crucial
for the acceptance of new RE projects?
à What else would help to increase public acceptance andto fasten the expansion of RE?
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Q&A Session

Takahiro Hosokawa
Environment & Energy Technology
Dept., Asia Air Survey Co., Ltd.

Lars Langeleh
Financing & Sales,
WestWind ENERGYSummary
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Upcoming Events
Key results, lessons learnt andperspectives of the German-Japanese
Energy Transition Council (GJETC) inthe light of the Corona Crisis
Webinar, 2nd July 2020, 10:00-11:30 CEST /17:00 – 18:30 JST

11th German-Japanese Environment &Energy Dialogue Forum (EEDF)
17/18 February 2021, Berlin (tbc)

Webinar: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Japan and Germany31

Thank you for your attention!

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