2014
Stakeholder Engagement(Human Rights Due Diligence)

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1March 13th, 2014
Nippon CSR Consortium

Human Rights Issues by Sector v.3
The members of the Nippon CSR Consortium, made up of companies, NGO/ NPOs, academics and related
institutions, have been working to identify the potential negative impacts of corporate activities on humanrights by sector. The draft version of the “Human Rights Issues by Sector v3” document was open for
public consultation between November 26th and January 23th, 2014. Valuable comments from twocompanies, five organisations, two business schools (51 people) have been received at home and abroad.
We gratefully acknowledge their contribution.
Following consideration of these comments, the Nippon CSR Consortium herewith releases “Human
Rights Issues by Sector v.3”. This paper represents an outcome of the discussions though the workshop in
2014. Through the workshop, the participants understood the context in which human rights issues arise bymembers of NGOs/NPOs, academics and subject experts, selected three global risks from 16 WEF Global
Risks which may have a significant impact on their activities in the following 8 industries, and created a
Map that shows the connections among the selected three WEF Global Risks, related human rights (societal
and environmental) issues and business activities (hereafter, the Interconnections Map), based on theirunderstanding achieved from lectures by NGO/NPO as reference. In addition, the comments on “Human
Rights Issues by Sector v2” were also reflected to this paper.
The comments were integrated consistently to the format of this document, and the sole responsibility forthe content of this document lies with Caux Round Table Japan, as a platform organizer of Nippon CSR
Consortium.

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Table of Content
1.

Preface ..............................................................................................................................................4

1-1.

Purpose of the Human Rights Due Diligence Workshop ..........................................................4

1-2.

Workshop for Identifying Human Rights Issues .......................................................................5

1-3.

Procedure of Workshop in 2014 ...............................................................................................6

1-4.

Some Points for Consideration..................................................................................................82.

Points for collecting Public Comments ............................................................................................9

2-1.

Free comments ..........................................................................................................................92-2.

The Interconnections Map among WEF Global Risks, related human rights issues andbusiness activities .....................................................................................................................92-3.

"Human Rights Issues by Sector v.2" developed last year ....................................................10

2-4.

Appropriate format and/or procedure for the final report .......................................................10

3.

CRT Japan's viewpoint as the Secretariat of Nippon CSR Consortium .........................................13

4.

Overview of the Public Consultation 2014 .....................................................................................15

5.

Human Rights Issues by Sectors v.2...............................................................................................18

5.1

Manufacturing ......................................................................................................................18

5.2

Information, Communication, and Technology ...................................................................25

5.3

Logistics ...............................................................................................................................31

5.4

Finance .................................................................................................................................36

5.5

Chemical ..............................................................................................................................42

5.6

Pharmaceuticals ...................................................................................................................45

5.7

Apparel and Textiles ............................................................................................................48

5.8

Food and Retail ....................................................................................................................51

5.9

Paper and Printing ................................................................................................................56

6.

List of Reference Sources ...............................................................................................................57

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1.

Preface

1-1.

Purpose of the Human Right Due Diligence Workshop

The Nippon CSR Consortium was established in September 2012 to raise awareness and promote activities
in the fields of business and human rights by offering a forum in which companies can discuss humanrights issues with NGOs and other companies. The consortium consists of corporate participants,
NGOs/NPOs, human-rights experts and representatives from academia. In 2012 the 68 participantsconsisted of 39 companies and 11 organizations, in 2013 the 35 participants were from 15 companies and
12 organizations, and in 2014 the 68 participants were from 34 companies, 17 organizations and others.
There are some underlying factors that contributed to the establishment of the consortium. Companies
sometimes struggle to address diverse human rights issues with limited budgets and resources. Therefore,
even once a year, it is useful for them to get together to try to be leaders in their field by proactively
seeking to understand and address human rights issues that their industry may be involved in.
The consortium also emphasizes sustainability of activities. As stated above, the companies are committed
to continuous efforts for incremental improvement. In order to respond dynamically to a diverse range ofissues, participant companies seek to stay abreast of changes and issues in the society that potentially link
their activities to human rights impacts.
The Nippon CSR Consortium positions the Human Rights Due Diligence Workshop as an activity that aims
to assist companies at industry levels in (1) identifying and assessing any actual or potentially adverse
human rights impacts as defined in the UN Guiding Principles1, which are connected to their activities (1)at company levels, and (2) integrating and acting upon the findings, (3) tracking responses, and (4)communicating how impacts are addressed to the affected stakeholders. We hope participants’ companies
can use the knowledge acquired at this workshop to support their human rights due diligence activities at
each company.
The ‘Human Rights Issue by Sector v.3 (draft)’ represents an outcome of the discussions that began in Julyand ended in September 2014, and was opened for public consultation. We highly appreciate candid
comments on the draft from stakeholders. The final report was issued in March 2015.

Human Rights Council (2011) Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue ofhuman rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises , Available at:1

http://www.ohchr.org/documents/issues/business/A.HRC.17.31.pdf#search='report+of+the+special+represent
ative+of+the+secretarygeneral+on+the+issue+of+human+rights+and+transnational (Accessed: November
26th, 2014).

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1-2.

Workshop for Identifying Human Rights Issues

The Nippon CSR Consortium, guided by the UN Guiding Principles, has been working on identifying
important potential human rights issues by industry sector. The process used to identify the issues is
explained in the following section. All the comments from participants reflect personal opinions and do not
represent any of the affiliated organizations and companies.
In the 2012 Human Rights Due Diligence Workshop, important human rights issues by sector wereidentified through dialogue with the participants based on identifying the human rights issues andexpectations relevant to business in UNEP FI Human Rights Guidance Tool2 (‘Human Rights GuidanceTool’). The final report “Hunan Rights Issues by Sector (2013)” reflects public comments, was issued on
April 3rd, 20133.
In the 2013, we further explored “Hunan Rights Issues by Sector (2013)” from the perspective of the value
chain. Identifying CSR issues throughout related value chains is a practical step for CSR departments toshare and address appropriate solutions with relevant departments after the workshop. “Human Rights
Issues by Sector (v.2)” was developed and published in March 2014, reflecting the outcome of workshop in2013 and comments from the 7 organizations and as many individuals as possible.
In the 2014, based on the public comments received in 2013, indicating that “Human rights issues should
be understood in the particular context in which they arise”, we focused on understanding the context andbackground of the issues, and based on that, we tried to understand the interconnectivities of global risks,and related human rights (societal and environmental issues) to business. This process is a practical step tounderstand the reasons of why and how relevant issues are significance to the business activities and clearly
understand that social and environmental issues are dynamically interlinked and interconnected. Therefore,
we decided to focus on the World Global Risk’s report in order to identify the global risks.

UNEP Finance Initiative (2011) Human Rights Guidance Tool for the Financial Sector. Available at:
http://www.unepfi.org/humanrightstoolkit/fundamentals.php (Accessed: November 26th, 2014).
3 Nippon CSR Consortium (2013) Human Rights Issues by Sector (2013), Available at:
http://www.crt-japan.jp/files/documents/HR_DD_Final%20report_E.pdf (Accessed: November 26th, 2014).
2

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1-3.

Procedure of Workshop in 2014

The workshop consists of the following four steps.

Step1: Understanding the context in which human rights issues ariseCorporate participants were given a lecture on the particular context in which human rights issues
arise by members of NGOs/NPOs, academics and subject experts.

Step2: Understanding the potential adverse human rights impacts that can arise from corporate
activities and their interconnections, starting with WEF Global Risks.
With reference to the Global Risks 2014 Ninth Edition published by World Economic Forum in 2014,
the Secretariat selected 16 risks with certain high relevance from the 31 risks identified in the report.
The selected 16 risks are indicated below. For details of all 31 risks, please refer to Global Risks 2014
Ninth Edition (http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalRisks_Report_2014.pdf).

Environmental Risks

Climate change
Extreme weather events
Water crises

Economic Risks

Fiscal crises
Unemployment andunderemployment
Failure of financial
mechanism or institution
Liquidity crises

Societal Risks

Political and social instability
Income disparity
Food crises

Geopolitical Risks






Global governance failure
Interstate conflict
State collapse
Terrorist attacks
Corruption

Technological Risks


Critical information infrastructure breakdown

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6

Corporate participants selected three risks from 16 WEF risks by industry which may have asignificant impact on their industries.



The participants created a Map that shows the connections among the selected three WEF Global
Risks, related human rights (societal and environmental) issues and business activities (hereafter, theInterconnections Map), based on their understanding achieved from lectures by NGO/NPO as
reference at Step 1.

Step3: Integrating perspectives from both corporations and stakeholders


The participants, NGO/NPO, academic and subject experts exchanged their different views on thecontents of the Map to clarify unclear points, and corporate participants received comments from
NGO/NPO, academic and subject experts. Based on the comments, the Secretariat finalized thecontents of the Interconnections Map. The map and the “Human Rights Issues by Sector v.2” areincluded in the “Human Rights Issues by Sector v.3 (draft)”.

Step4: Collecting Public Comments and finalizing our report

The Secretariat invited public comment on the outcome from the workshop, “Human Rights Issues by
Sector v.3 (draft)” from Wednesday, November 26th, 2014 to Friday, January 23rd 2015 (Japan time).
The final report was published in March 2015, reflecting the comments.

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1-4.

Some Points for Consideration

1-4.a

Differing degrees of awareness of human rights issues between the industry sectors

The levels of detail in the feedback provided by NGO/NPOs and the expert stakeholders were notconsistent across the industry sectors, indicating differing study and priority areas among the experts.
Similarly, there were gaps in the level of awareness of human rights issues among the corporate participants,
reflecting similar gaps between their degree of understanding and engagement with human rights issues.
Each company and sector can be placed in a different situation and the level of scrutiny may differ
according to the company’s size and sector.
1-4.b

Scope of Study and Analysis

The workshop in 2014 and this outcome do not include the following study and analysis.


We focused on identifying the interconnections of WEF Global Risks, related human rights issues(societal and environmental issues) and business activities based on the understanding of context eachissue may have. The number of connections is shown by which of three circle sizes is used in theInterconnections Map; however, the strength of connections is not discussed or in the scope of analysis.
Moreover, risk mitigation and adaptation measures are not included in the scope of study.

The public comment received in 2013 indicating “clarification should be reviewed” is not reflected on
this study as it is not related to the orientation and aim of the workshop. This will be discussed next
year as necessary.

Others

Our discussion started on the basis of “Human Rights Issues by Sector (v.2)”, which means that the
document is not reviewed by participants this year.

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2

Points for collecting Public Comments

We invited public comments on the following four points, 2-1 to 2-4.

2-1.

Free comments
Please freely respond with any comments on the whole “Human Rights Issues by Sector v.3(draft)” document.

2-2.

With respect to the Interconnections Map among WEF Global Risks, human rights issues
and business activities :(a) Would you consider that the three WEF Global Risks selected by each sector have the mostsignificant impact on that sector? Please see below for the 16 WEF Global Risks selected by thesecretariat (CRT Japan). Please refer to the Global Risks 2014, Ninth Edition for further
information.
Sector
Logistics

Extreme weather
eventsFood
Manufacturing

Food crises
Climate change

ApparelClimate change

Information,
Communication andTechnology
Finance

Corruption

Pharmaceuticals
Chemicals andConstruction
Materials

Climate change
Climate change or
Water crises

Political and social
instability

WEF Global Risks
Political and social
instability
Income disparity
Political and social
instability
Political and social
instability
Extreme weather
eventsFailure of financial
mechanism or
institution
Income disparity
Unemployment andunderemployment

Critical information
infrastructure
breakdown
Climate change
Corruption
Unemployment andunderemployment
Critical information
infrastructure
breakdown
Fiscal crises or
Climate change
Fiscal crises
Political and social
instability

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(b) The following seven perspectives were highlighted by the NGO/NPO participants and subject
experts. Should a specific issue from within these perspectives be added to the Interconnections
Map?
Please refer to the Supplemental explanation of the Map and the Summary of comments on thehighlighted perspectives on page 10-11.

i.

New industry, industrial transformation by new technology or/and new methods

ii.
iii.

Comprehensive Children’s Rights

iv.

Diversityv.
vi.

Energy, nuclear disastersvii.

International treaties, foreign regulations, and de facto standards developed byChild prostitution

Indigenous peoples
NGO/NPOs and adopted by the wider international community(c) Please add any other comments you have regarding the map.

2-3.

Comments on "Human Rights Issues by Sector. v2" developed in 2013
Is there any important issue that should be corrected, added to and removed from the following"Human Rights Issues by Sector v.2" developed in 2013? Please specify the industry sector,
page number, and concrete issues that your comment addresses.

2-4.

Comments on the format and procedure of the final report
The final report is to be published on March 2015. Please provide your comments regarding theformat and procedures of the final report.

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10Supplemental explanation of Map
The size of the circles on the Map shows the number of the inter-connectivity among WEF global risks,
human rights issues and business activities.

Summary of comments on the highlighted perspectives
Comments on the highlighted perspectives from NGO/NPOs, academics and subject experts are as follows.
i.

The occurrence of child labour and forced labour results from business demand for cheap labour aswell as from community issues such as poverty and income disparity. However, it can be said root
cause of this issue is demand of consumers for cheap products. Not only companies but consumers
should make a more effort to realize the society with a high awareness of “the value”. And, we shouldbear it in our mind that an industrial transformation through new technology or/and new production
methods (Genetic-modification, etc) may generate employment opportunities.
Children’s rights should be comprehensively considered and are not limited to only child labour, asii.

indicated in “Children’s Rights and Business Principles4”. The scope of children’s rights includes
access to education, impact on children that web contents have in relation with ICT andcommunication industries, consideration of marketing approaches toward children susceptible tobrainwashing, and risks that the environment and disasters may negatively affect children.
In relation to “Title to land”, the issues of “voluntary relocation – consultation” and “dispute of landownership over the production areas” are considered as risks. Also, other issues of human rights
violations are deprivation of the means of production, and deprivation of the right to residence of an
indigenous community depending on natural resources in their areas for living. It is likely thatchildren run the risk of facing deprivation of the right to education for children as a result of
relocation.
iii.

Companies should recognize that child prostitution is not completely unrelated to them.
Reinforcement of laws and regulations on human trafficking (including sexual exploitation andbusinesses involving sexual services by adolescent girls), and development of "an access to remedy"
system for victims in Japan are perceived to be lagging. The child poverty rate in Japan is the highest
ever recorded. Along with this increasing rate, the issue of child prostitution is being deteriorated
correlatively. Interactions between businesses and child prostitution should be addressed.
4

http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/library/childrens-rights-and-business-principles. (accessed in
November, 26th, 2014)

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iv.

The issue of workers cover not only child labour, but also minorities including LGBT people,
members of ideological and religious groups, immigrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons.
Consideration of diversity is needed. A lack of this perspective causes discrimination, which gives riseto the spread of unfair treatment in working places, poverty and income disparity. Also, companies
need to take a conscious effort to promote fair treatment against foreign workers who will be
increasing in the run up to the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympics Games in 2020.

v.

The perspective related to energy is not fully acknowledged. A shortage of energy has a direct
influence on operations of facilities. Climate change, energy, and political instability are interlinked.
For instance, political stability is not likely to be achieved without securing energy policies. In
addition, in respect to the energy issue, potential risks of nuclear accidents should be address, whenusing nuclear power. Nuclear disasters inflict an enormous impact on the health of the environmentand human beings. As the nation that suffers a significant impact of the nuclear disaster, companies
should fully consider risks of nuclear disasters. Also, it should be addressed that the growth of urban
population leads to massive consumption of energy.

vi.

There is an issue of indigenous peoples. Depletion of natural resources such as water and raw
materials will pose a great risk to lives of indigenous people living in those affected areas, andinfringe the right to live of them. In addition, new construction and relocation of factories in areas
where indigenous peoples live may cause the issue of “the title to land”. Companies need to develop
a mutually beneficial way that enables companies and indigenous people to share without depriving
them from their jobs, lives and culture.

vii.

Companies should consider how conclusion, ratification and implementation of international treaties
will impact on their business operations. (For example, Arms Trade Treaty will come into force on
December 24, 2014. There is the need of consideration of this impact.) Establishment of laws may be
advanced in other developed countries with focus on points that are not widely recognized inJapanese society. There are some cases that de facto standards are developed and applied without
reflecting the intentions of the Government of Japan and the society of Japan. Thus, there is the needto understand impacts that they will give to each sector from a wider scope, and interconnections ofthem, including unexpected events. For instance, with regard to certification standards, FSC (Forest
Stewardship Council) facilitates discussions on "whether it is regarded as illegal logging in the
countries where indigenous peoples live, in case that Convention ILO169 is not observed." Although
Japan has recognized the Ainu as an indigenous people, it has not ratified the Convention ILO169.
Thus, business risks are present in this regard.

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3

CRT Japan’s viewpoint as the Secretariat of Nippon CSR Consortium

With respect to the Human Rights Due Diligence Workshop, we have received the following feedback from
NGOs/NPOs, academics and subject experts that “the workshop is designed for companies to consider
business risks and risk avoidance. Thus, it is philosophically wrong to call it as Human Rights Due
Diligence Workshop as human rights due diligence considers risks to more stakeholders”, “NGOs andcompanies have different perspectives. NGOs are interested in corporate behaviours from a perspective ofsocially vulnerable and economically disadvantaged people”, and “United Nations Guiding Principles(hereafter UNGPs) are based on the assumption that companies are aggressors and accomplices in theinfringement of human rights. Thus, UNGPs are premised on the NGOs/NPOs risk perspective, not on thecorporate risk perspective”. In addition, “human rights due diligence aims at not protecting companies, but
considering victims of human rights violations”. Furthermore, the other feedback is that “the workshop
provides a place where companies and stakeholders just meet; thus, this is not regarded as stakeholder
engagement”, “there is a need to capture any unforeseen risks and opportunities from a wider perspective”
and “this is not regarded as human rights due diligence, but was an attempt to raise awareness of humanrights.”CRT Japan, the Secretariat of the Nippon CSR Consortium, recognizes that NGOs and companies takedifferent perspectives, and risks to stakeholders and businesses are different. NGOs are interested incorporate behaviours in terms of socially vulnerable and economically disadvantaged people, whereas
companies reflect their behaviours for enhancement of the corporate value. However, companies without
the perspective of those people will end up in failure to enhance their corporate value in the long run. Thus,
we believe that there is an extremely strong correlation between both risks. The purpose of the workshop in
this year is for participants to focus on the strength of correlation of risks, not on differences of risks.
NGOs and companies have already recognized the correlation of risks, yet have not fully delivered concrete
collaborative activities to respect human rights. This is because companies perceive implementation ofactivities to respect human rights to be necessary, while NGOs claim that it is urgent to implement actions
to respect human rights. This discrepancy in the recognition between them makes it difficult to create acollaborative activity for further promotion of respect of human rights. Thus, if NGOs seek the capacity ofcompanies for problem solving, they need to elaborate on how relevant these issues are to companies, andhow these issues make an impact on their corporate value from a corporate perspective. On the other hand,
if companies aim at preventing damage to corporate value and enhancing it in the long term, they should
identify how their business practices influence the rights of stakeholders in an early stage, and develop a
deeper understanding of the perspective of those affected stakeholders. We hope that "the Interconnections
Map among WEF Global Risks, related human rights issues and business activities" finalized with an
outcome of public comments will help companies and NGOs to gain understanding of each perspective anddevelop an effective response that creates mutual benefits for companies and societies.

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13This workshop does not indicate our passive attitude to the WEF Global Risks and related human rights
issue; rather it aims to assist companies and NGOs in sharing and obtaining their different recognition forfurther facilitation of collaborative actions to WEF Global Risks and related human rights issues. The
intention of the workshop is not for risk avoidance and the removal of actions to risks. Rather, we believethat the workshop will lay the groundwork for risk mitigation and respect of human rights. This process
should be included in human rights due diligence, and becomes a significant factor that determines the
success of human rights due diligence.
In order for this workshop to truly be a place for the stakeholder engagement for companies andNGOs/NPOs, not merely a place to meet for companies and stakeholders, companies and NGOs need totake the time to understand a perspective of each other and come forward to realise their goals. Theinterconnections Map reflects understanding that the corporate participants gained on relationships between
WEF Global Risks and related human rights issues and business activities. We would highly appreciate any
comments including "unexpected situations for companies" which are not shown in the Map from various
perspectives.
Your candid comments from NGOs/NPOs, companies, government officials, industrial organisations andconsumers will be highly appreciated and reflected within our further activities.
END

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4.

Overview of the Public Consultation 2014

During the public consultation period from November 26th to January 23th, 2014, Nippon CSR Consortium
received a large volume of comments from companies and organizations in different sectors and withdifferent expertise. Most of them are the responses to the given three questions in the draft paper, which are(i) addition to the interconnections Maps, (ii) supplementary explanation and additional reference source to“Human Rights Issues by Sector v2”, and (iii) focal issues/challenges towards the next workshop. They arereflected in the individual issues and texts in this paper.
In this chapter, other valuable comments are introduced. They are categorized as follows: assessment to thestakeholder engagement workshop (Human Rights Due Diligence Workshop); viewpoints toward the next
workshop and “Human Rights Issues by Sector v4”; and challenges/expectations of CSR in Japan.
Assessment to the stakeholder engagement workshop (Human Rights Due Diligence Workshop)

The Nippon CSR Consortium recognizes that companies sometimes struggle to address diverse humanrights issues with limited budgets and resources. Therefore, the consortium provides the platform wherecompanies and NGOs/NPOs recognize local concerns, discussing any actual or potentially adverse humanrights impacts, identifying the material issues of business and human rights, and integrating them intobusiness operations.
This time, we received many affirmative comments with respect to our workshop. Some of them are “Thisworkshop enables companies and NGOs to deepen understanding of each other and opens up newopportunities for them to collaborate in the future ”, “Taking the time to understand position of each otherand moving forward for problem solving can certainly produce a more feasible solution”,“This workshop links companies with NGOs/NPOs, academics and experts, and assists companies inrecognizing social issues with a viewpoint of society. It also categorizes issues according to the industrial
sectors and finally finding a solution to material issues that they identify. ”
We are very delighted to receive those comments on the draft from our stakeholders. We would like to keepsustainability of activities, stay abreast of changes and issues in the society, and provide companies withsolutions for further improvement of their CSR practices.


Viewpoints toward the next workshop and “Human Rights Issues by Sector v4”

In the workshop in 2014, the corporate participants gained understanding on the context in which humanrights issues arisen by members of NGOs/NPOs, academics and subject experts, and on theinterconnections among the selected three WEF global risks, related human rights (societal andenvironmental) issues and business activities, Then, they created the interconnections Map based on theirunderstanding achieved from lectures by NGO/NPO. However, as it is written as the precondition of theanalysis, the strength of connections is not discussed or in the scope of analysis. With respect to thevisibility of the Map, we received the following comment that a map with focus on how each process in thevalue chain is impacted by global risks would be better to be understood by readers.

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Therefore, the next workshop will emphasize on how the global risks that have a significant impact on eachindustry influences each process of the value chain in reference with the interconnections Map.
On the other hand, we received the concern that this analysis does not contain education, media, andservice industries. The Nippon CSR Consortium will take this into consideration for the next workshop.
However, in recent years human rights issues such as biased coverage in the media industry, bullying
problems in schools in Japan, and a rising number of foreign workers towards the Tokyo
Olympics/Paralympics in 2020 have been paid much attention in public. There is a possibility that humanrights violations would be deteriorated if we do not take a concrete action. Therefore, the Nippon CSR
Consortium will focus on identifying human rights issues in those industries by leveraging tools and related
to the sector specific and/or region specific risks while further promoting collaboration with the businessand human rights initiative organizations around the country and abroad.


Challenges and Expectations of CSR in Japan

This section introduces a summary of the opinions received in relation to challenges and expectations of
CSR in Japan. We hope that all of them will contribute to further facilitation and implementation of better
CSR activities within companies on a larger scale.
In recent years, companies have been demanded to take initiatives in addressing social issues.
However, ideas of CSR in Japan are still associated with corporate scandals and violations of laws andregulations. In this regard, definitions and expectations of CSR differ between Japan and the abroad.
Thus, Japanese companies should have consciousness of being in a part of the advanced nations andaddress social issues as business risks while retaining a sense of alertness.

The problem to be addressed is how top-level managers position CSR in their management strategies,
and how they create a mechanism to link CSR with their actual activities.



CSR has an aspect of grievance mechanism. Each company should create a manual for predictablerisks, and establish a mechanism that enables all the employees to share the same understanding.

Large companies, including medium-small companies, should take the assumption that human rights
issues will occur along with their value chains. Then, they analyse and identify any latent risks in an
early stage, and build the working environment that enables them to address these actively andvoluntarily.



Investment to cultivation of human resources and facilities are also a part of CSR activities.



CSR activities that Japanese companies implement should be introduced and shared all around theworld. And, Japanese companies will utilize the knowledge gained from feedbacks and reflect themupon their CSR activities for better improvement.

Within the limited resources and budgets that companies possess, companies have to address societal
and environmental issues. Yet, identifying material issues for their companies and addressing them
one at a time should be their own attitude. This is an effective step to keep sustainability of theiractivities.



Each industry should build the system where each creates a programme such as the programme of the
Nippon CSR Consortium and address human rights issues with third parties.

Caux Round Table Japan
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16All companies should place a department with responsibility for promoting human rights. To do so,change in the consciousness of human rights in management is essential.

Both companies and NGOs should acquire the capability to identify risks and implement activities toaddress them. Otherwise, they cannot run a quick management when making strategies.

Concerns of citizens on CSR activities in Japan and their ability to evaluate activities are not maturedyet.

In order to raise awareness of human rights issues throughout the county, it is essential to get themedia involved in large-scale discussions on human rights issues.

In order for companies and NGOs to cooperate with each other to achieve their goals, there should be
the common base where they can consider how global risks and human rights issues negatively affectcorporate activities.

NGOs should deepen their understanding of companies and cooperate with companies to promotesustainable business practices in society.



The Asian perspective of human reconciliation is better than human rights.

All forms of employees should take human rights workshops, while companies should strive not toviolate human rights of their employees.

The Nippon CSR Consortium will be continuously working on identifying and working to address
important potential human rights issues, through identifying what business operations can violate
whose/which human rights, and from whose perspective, and striving for excellency in facilitating
businesses efforts to address and resolve the identified issues and risks, in collaboration with businesses,
NGOs/NPOs, CSR experts and CSR initiative organizations. We hope this information will be helpful forcompanies during their implementation of “Human Rights Due Diligence”.

Caux Round Table – Japan
Executive Director, Hiroshi Ishida
Director, Miho Okada
Hiroki Wada

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17

5

Human Rights Issues by Sector v.2

5.1.

Manufacturing

5.1.1.

Global Risks

The reasons of why the manufacturing industry selected 3 Global Risks which may have a significant
impact on the industry are as followed.


Climate Change

Climate Change, caused by massive GHGs emissions from factories, results in the occurrence of extreme
weather events, floods and natural disasters. They in turn give rise to logistics disruptions, a halt of
production and an increase in production cost. In addition, extreme weather events cause an enormous
damage on residents and companies in disaster-stricken areas.


Political and social Instability

Political and social instability can cause fluctuations in currencies and exchange rates, which influences adecision making process of companies on changes of manufacturing bases. Change of manufacturing bases
gives a significant impact on employment opportunities of local people. In addition, as local people lose
their job opportunities, there is a risk of the expansion of poverty in their communities. This triggers
unemployment, strikes, and demonstrations, which will fuel political and social instability. In countries
with political and social instability, companies confront difficulties in securing procurement of law
materials (conflict minerals), thus leading to an increase in production cost.


Corruption

Due to corruption, various issues of bribery and injustice, overwork with low income, child labour andforced labour are occurred. It also induces illegal cash flows and punctuations of currencies, which
negatively affect markets. In addition, as corruption undermines the rule of law and governance,
environmental safeguards are ignored or circumvented, and overuse of natural resources devastates theenvironment and the livelihood of local communities who are reliant on them.

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18

5.1.2.

The Map of Global Risks and Human Rights Issues

The interconnections Map of the manufacturing industry is shown as followed. In addition, the newly
added points and lines are shown in the red color. The opinion and reason of each added point is introduced
as below.

1)

Climate change caused by deforestation and constructions of bases brings about extreme weather
events and inflicts a severe damage on lives of people. Logistic disruption due to extreme weather
events gives rise to an increase in production cost and a halt of production. Natural catastrophes givea devastating damage to the environment as well as communities in affected areas.

2)

Demand of companies for cost saving leads to a direct or indirect involvement of forced labour andchild labour.

3)

Without education, it is difficult for children to get out of a negative spiral of poverty.

4)

The issue of discriminatory treatment against foreign workers should be addressed.

5)

Just as the case of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan illustrates, nuclear disasters influence
limit of raw materials.

6)

A rise in oil price causes an increase in production costs.

7)

There is a risk that corporate activities may be limited due to unanticipated De facto standards. In
addition, they could be a trigger for an increase in production costs and companies forcedly change

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19their manufacturing bases as a result of it. It is possible that companies will have to halt theirproduction.
8)

Given an increasing Original Equipment Manufacture system that specializes manufacturing as aform of industry, it is considered that there will be the growing importance of sharing information
with local factories.

9)

Poverty gives rise to strikes, demonstrations, and interstate conflicts. It undermines political stability.

10) New laws and regulations may constrain a scope of corporate activities. They may give companies
incentives to circumvent newly set laws and regulations to keep sustainability of their business
operations. In addition, due to adoption of new laws and regulations, companies change their bases orfactories to countries with poor human rights awareness and policies, and run the risk of being
involved in direct and indirect human rights violations.

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20

5.1.3.

Manufacturing

Key value chains applicable to the manufacturing sector were classified into seven categories, and concrete
issues were further explored focusing on the products and services specified below.
5.1.4.

Key value chains in manufacturing sector

Create: research, development, design
Buy: capital investment, procurement
Manufacture: production, manufacturing
Transport: storage, logistics
Sell: distribution, sales and marketing
Use: consumption, utilization
Discard: disposal, recycling
5.1.5.

Discussed products and services



Thermal electric power plant



*



Digital camera

Electronic parts*Among various product families in electronic components, ferrite products (parts) were selected andtheir value chain was focused on.

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21

5.1.6.

Potential human rights issues in the specified products and services, relevant value chains
Value Chain

Core operation/ Supply chain

DiscardUse

Sell Severe incidents causing death or injury especiallywithin research and development, as well as
manufacturing sites. [C/M]

Transport

Health andsafety Long working hours may become the norm inoverseas factories, due to low wages not matching
local standards of living, and piece-rate work.
 Unpaid overtime work in Japan.

Manufacture

Working
hours andwage

*Highly relevant value chains are shown inparentheses [ ]BuyWorkplaceconditions

Concrete issues

CreateKey human rights issues in the
manufacturing sector

✓✓
✓✓✓✓✓
✓✓✓✓✓

 Long working hours may cause health problems,in particular, mental health problems.
 Progression of diseases by non-health checkups.
 Inadequate living conditions (living in a dormitory
within the factory, sharing one small dormitory
room with several people, being locked up forcontrol) and poor sanitation (shower, toilet, etc.,)
may affect the health of the employees.
Discrimination

Duringwork

 Inequality in working conditions, training, andpromotion, discrimination against female workers.

Child labour

Minimumage There may be possible risks of child labour andtrafficking through brokers in supply chains acrossdeveloping countries (e.g. subcontracting works).

✓

✓✓✓✓✓
✓

✓✓

 Job applications may be made using fake
identities.
Forced orcompulsory
labourFreedom of
association andcollective
bargaining

Deposits
and papers

 “Mediators” may require foreign workers in Asian
countries to hand over ID (e.g. passport) and/or
pay excessive commission at the time ofrecruitment.

✓

Forcedovertime

 Risk of long working hours may cause forced
overtime, due to excessive quota requirements.

✓✓✓✓✓

－

 Potential lack of communication/dialogue between
labour representatives and unions.

✓✓✓✓✓ Potential insufficiency in institutionalization andoperation of labour-management consultation
and/or absence of substantive collective
bargaining.
 Potential insufficiency in protecting workers’
rights in union shop Potential insufficiency in protecting worker’s
right, where trade unions are banned or not fully
implemented (including real cases where tradeunions are banned).
Use.Discard

Sell

Transport

Manufacture

Buy

CreateCaux Round Table Japan
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22

Value Chain

Community

Society and government

Discard

✓✓✓

Use

Sell

Transport Designing and developing products with low
environmental burdens (less electric consumption,easy to recycle). [C/U/D]

Manufacture

Use ofnaturalresources*Highly relevant value chains are shown inparentheses [ ].

BuyResources

Concrete issues

CreateKey human rights issues in the
manufacturing sector✓✓

 Abuse and contamination of land and water at afactory or local construction site. [B/M/D]
Security

Non-stategroups andsecurity
payments

 Potential diversion of funds, goods and services 5
to non-state groups, and armed groups. (e.g.
conflict minerals6)✓

Relationswithgovernments

Relations tostates withpoor humanrights records

 A new venture (e.g. plant construction) by agovernment may be launched without obtaining
appropriate consent from local communities,
including indigenous people and minorities.

✓✓

 At time of bidding for a plant construction andoperation, the labour standard presented by a hostgovernment may not comply with the international
standards.
Bribery andcorruption

 Potential risk of being involved in bribery andcorruption, such as facility payments, especially attime of obtaining licenses and authorizations. [M]✓✓Consumer Possible risks of corruption when entering into acontract, customs of the manufacturing industry,friendships when contracting and operating, as
well as of being involved in corrupt practices
when receiving orders from government. [S]Relationswithcustomers

Health andsafety Potential positive impacts of changing consumer
behaviours (e.g. conducting responsible
marketing considering health and safety of
consumers) [S], and contributing to raisingconsumers’ awareness of environmental issues.
[U/D]

✓ ✓ ✓

 Potential risk to the lives or bodies of end

consumers are created due to a defect inspecified products provided through thecustomer/clients.
Use.Discard

Sell

Transport

Manufacture

Buy

Create5Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights to identify benchmarks (http://www.voluntaryprinciples.org)
The law on using conflict minerals is now quite clear, and as part of their due diligence, companies need to takemany measures into account. Refer to The OECD Due Diligence Guideline for Responsible Supply Chain of Minerals from
Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (http://www.oecd.org/corporate/mne/mining.htm) and an example, the Dodd-Frank
Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (http://www.sec.gov/about/laws/wallstreetreform-cpa.pdf). Conflict
6

minerals directly contribute to the maintenance of conflict and are associated with sexual violence against women andgirls, such as that in the North and South Kivus.

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23

5.1.7.

Human rights issues in the manufacturing sector and the relevant value chains, other than
the specified products and services

Core operation/ Supply chain > child labour > minimum age and Community > resources > others
Products collected in industrialized countries for recycling purpose are shipped to developing
countries and disposed there finally as waste. There is a potential risk of child labour, if children are
involved in collecting recyclable material from the wastes in these countries. If the products/waste ishazardous and toxic and poorly-handled, there is a potential risk of disastrous human rights
consequences for the health and safety of the people in community7. [D]Community > resources > use of natural resources
Protecting traditional knowledge of indigenous people, and sharing with them the profits derived fromthe use of such knowledge. (ABS: Access and Benefit-Sharing) [C/B]

7

Case profile: Tragigura lawsuits in Cote d’Ivoire.
http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Lawlawsuits/Lawsuitsregulatoryaction/LawsuitsSelectedcases/Trafiguralaw
suitsreCtedIvoire

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5.2.

Information, Communication and Technology (ICT)

5.2.1.

Global Risks

The reasons of why the ICT industry selected 3 Global Risks that may have a significant impact on theindustry are as followed.


Corruption

Corruption and injustice decline industrial image, and may cause a crackdown of authorities to companies.
There is a risk that companies are ordered to suspend their business services. In addition, companies may
suffer from damage on their brand image and a loss of trusting relationships with employees and customers.


Extreme Weather Events

Extreme weather events cause floods and lighting strikes, which give rise to a breakdown of criticalinformation infrastructure and networks. This breakdown causes widespread disruptions in a society to
public services, corporate activities and residents in affected areas.
Breakdown of critical information infrastructure and networks

There are risks that network disruptions when new systems are implemented, human-made mistake ofoperations, electronic power failure and cyber-attacks will break down critical information infrastructureand networks.

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25

5.2.2.

The Map of Global Risks and Human Rights Issues

The interconnections Map of the ICT industry is shown as followed. In addition, the newly added points
and lines are shown in the red color. The opinion and reason of each added point is introduced as below.

1)

A rise in costs for risk management is anticipated as the number of cyber attacks increase.

2)

Application of new systems may cause disruptions to the existing network, and may influence criticalinformation infrastructure and networks.

3)

Web contents → impact on children → human rights

4)

Inappropriate contents of advertisements and the internet for children infringe the comprehensive
rights of children.

5)Services in the ICT industry have been diversified such as providing BS and CS broadcasts and theInternet. There are various human rights issues such as long working hours and the dumping pressure
on production companies.

6)

If companies continue their business operations while not complying with new regulations, they will
run the risk of suspension of their business.

7)

A breakdown of critical information infrastructure negatively impacts on other industries in the world.

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26

Key value chains applicable to the ICT sector were classified into six categories, and concrete issues were
further explored focusing on the products and services specified below.
5.2.3.

Key value chains in ICT sector

Create: research and development
Buy: capital investment for office and data centre, procurement of machine/equipment/raw materials andsoft ware
Produce: information planning, program development, system maintenanceSell: network provider, sharing system, system maintenance & operation service, sales and marketing
Use: shared system operation, data archival
Discard: depreciation/amortization
5.2.4.

Discussed products and services

The shared account management system for over-the-counter sales of investment trusts

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27

5.2.5.

Potential human rights issues in the specified products and services, relevant value chains
Value Chain

Core operation/ Supply chain

Discard

✓ ✓ ✓

Use

Sell

 Long working hours (including attendance atweekends) and unpaid work in system development
process (e.g. pre-release period, during system trouble)[C/B/P/U]

Produce

Working
hours*Highly relevant value chains are shown inparentheses [ ].

BuyWorkplaceconditions

Concrete issues

CreateKey human rights issues in ICT
sector✓ Industrial health and safety of workers at overseas
subcontractors (outsource providers) and/or System
Integrators may not be ensured, because political andeconomic factors are different from Japan. [C/P/U]

Discrimination

Healthand safety

 Long working hours may cause health problems,
especially mental health problems✓✓ ✓Duringwork

 Gender (discrimination against female workers) andnationality inequality in training and promotion

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

 Female workers may be transferred to otherdepartments without their will, after taking maternity
leave.
Forced orcompulsory
labourForcedovertime

 Excessive quota requirements may lead to long
working hours and forced overtime.

Freedom of
association andcollective
bargaining

Conflictwith locallaw Freedom of association and collective bargaining may
not be ensured.

Protection andstorage of
personal data－ Personal information held by the company may beleaked.

✓ ✓ ✓DiscardUse

Sell

ProduceBuyCreateCaux Round Table Japan
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Value Chain

Community

Discard Environmental friendly energy use at a data centre(e.g. energy saving, responsible power source
management.) [B]Use

Use of natural
resources(water, land,
etc.)

Sell

Resources

Produce*Highly relevant value chains are shown inparentheses [ ].

BuyConcrete issues

CreateKey human rights issues in ICT sector✓ ✓✓ Having a negative impact on the lives ofcommunities, such as through noise and odor
emissions from a data centre. [U] Potential risks of environmental pollution frominappropriately discarded electronic devices. [D]Use ofinfrastructure Having a positive impact on local communities
such as by improving local infrastructure throughthe establishment of an ICT network system. [P/U]

✓

✓

✓

ConsumerSociety and government Users’ asset management may be affected bysuspension of service caused by electricity andtechnical trouble. [U]Community
investment－

 Making a positive impact on local communities
through information provision and ICT services,such as enhancement of local peoples’ lives byreducing the digital divide.

✓

Relations withgovernments

Relations tostates with poor
human rights
record Insufficient legal systems in host countries may
cause challenges in controlling forced overtime
work. (e.g. at contracted local company foroffshore development projects) [P]✓ ✓ ✓ Potential violations of land ownership rights oflocal peoples at the time of government purchase ofland for industrial park from of minority
community. [B] Possible risks surrounding demands fromgovernment authorities to provide private
information. [S/U]

Relations withcustomers

Bribery andcorruption

 Potential risks of being involved in bribery andcorruption, notably in offshore market research,and sales and marketing (especially in ICT service
provision for government agencies.) [C/S]－ Potential violation of privacy by information
leakage, especially in system operation

✓

✓

✓

 Big Data services that gather public consumer data
may unintentionally identify personal data by
combining information, and there is a potential riskof misuse the customer personal data forcommercial purposes without prior approval fromusers.
 There is a risk that some websites may endanger aperson’s life.
DiscardUse

Sell

ProduceBuyCreateCaux Round Table Japan
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29

*Human rights issues in the ICT sector and the relevant value chain, other than the specified products andservicesSociety and government > Relations with governments > Freedom of expression and Privacy.
Potential violations of freedom of expression when:a company receives direct requests from host governments to censor content and close down networks,
a company operates in countries where the law requires restrictions on the freedom of expression due
to strict social and cultural values, or where repressive regimes do not tolerate dissent,
a company’s technologies and products are misused to repress freedom of opinion, speech andexpression. [B/S]Consumer > Relations with customers
Having a negative impact on children’s rights, arising from child pornography; online solicitation or‘grooming’, and exposure to unsuitable materials. This can cause psychological harm or lead tophysical harm; and harassment and intimidation. Rapid developments in the ICT sector havefacilitated the creation and dissemination of images of the sexual abuse of children, heightening theneed for businesses to exercise due diligence.

Reference Sources

Institute for Human Rights and Business and Shift, ICT Sector Guide on Implementing the UN
Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, 2013.
http://www.ihrb.org/publications/reports/human-rights-guides.html (accessed February 25th 2014)



Ericsson, ICT and Human Rights: an ecosystem approach, 2012.
http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/corporate-responsibility/2012/human_rights0521_final_web.pdf (accessed February 25th 2014) *The ICT value chain is described for one sub-sector.

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30

5.3.

Logistics

5.3.1.

Global Risks

The reasons of why the logistics industry selected 3 Global Risks that may have a significant impact on theindustry are as followed.


Political and social instability

Prolonged political and social instability in a country provides a fertile ground for frequent strikes anddemonstrations, which in turn leads to a breakdown of infrastructure and logistics system. In addition, as
political instability and social unrest are amplified, the economy becomes sluggish. As a result of theeconomic recession, discrimination and poverty are exacerbated. There is a risk of occurrence of piracy.
When security forces and guards are provided, this would fuel international disputes. Also, there is a riskthat companies may be involved in bribery and corruption during customs clearance.
Critical information infrastructure breakdown

Extreme weather events such as floods and nuclear disasters devastate transportation systems, so this is themost critical issue for the logistics industry. In the case that disasters occur, companies take emergency
responses. Under this urgent situation, employees are under a risk of working overtime.
Extreme weather events

Extreme weather events result in paralysis of normal customs clearance, occurrence of customs clearance
using a back channel with bribes, and an increase in delivery cost. As natural catastrophes also give adevastating damage on agricultural and fishing sectors, the amount of agricultural and marine products
decreases and reduces profitability of logistics companies as a result of it.

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31

5.3.2.

The Map of Global Risks and Human Rights Issues

The interconnections Map of the logistics industry is shown as followed. In addition, the newly added
points and lines are shown in the red color. The opinion and reason of each added point is introduced as
below.

1)

As extreme weather events give an enormous damage on agricultural and fishing sectors, the amountof agricultural and marine products decreases and reduces profitability of logistic companies.

2)

Children from impoverished families are forced to work for daily living. Poverty results in many
children forsaking their right to education in order to work and contribute to their own survival or thatof their family.

3)

Poverty provides a fertile ground for child prostitution. Logistics companies may be involved inhuman trafficking of child prostitution.

4)

Nuclear disasters pose a great risk to breakdown of critical infrastructure. Logistics companies cannot
operate their delivering business after natural disasters occur.

5)

New international treaties may give rise to an occurrence of customs clearance, using a back channel
with bribes.

6)

When companies implement emergency responses and are during busy periods, employees may workovertime and run the risk of causing health issues. This may produce mis-operations easily.

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32

Key value chains applicable to the logistic sector were classified into four categories, and concrete issues
were further explored focusing on the products and services specified below.
5.3.3.

Key value chains in logistics

Create: research, development
Buy: capital investment, procurement of ships and vehicles
Transport: storage, logistics, transportation
Discard: disposal, recycle
5.3.4.

Discussed products and servicesIntermodal freight transport

Maritime transport

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5.3.5.

Potential human rights issues in the specified products and services, elevant value chains
Value Chain

Core operation/ Supply chain Long working hours at fields and subcontracting
companies especially in busy seasons.

Low wages

 Wages may be lower than levels of wage.

Health andsafety Workplace accidents could occur due to lack ofsufficient safety instructions at site where heavymachinery and cargos operate, such as terminal andship under operation for marine transportationindustry.

DiscardWorking
hours

Transport*Highly relevant value chains are shown inparentheses [ ].

BuyWorkplaceconditions

Concrete issues

CreateKey human rights issues in logistics
sector✓✓ Safety of workers in marine transportation industry
when in waters in which piracy can take place Long working hours may cause mental health risks.

Community

Discrimination

Resources

During work

 Inequality according to gender and education in
working conditions, training and promotion.
Foreigner nationals especially in port services may
face discriminatory treatment in employment andpayment.

✓

Redundancy
and dismissal Potential risks of hiring temporary workers to
replace full-time workers or to avoid employment
protection8 and requests for permanent
employment by part-time and contract workers may
not be duly considered.

✓

Use ofnaturalresources Potential risks of causing or contributing toenvironmental contamination, air pollution, water
quality degradation or destruction of natural
habitats at the site of oil extraction. [B]✓ ✓ Exhaust gas from vehicles operating frequently
along the same route may cause or contribute to
local air pollution. [T]SecurityState
provision of
security Potential risk of excess use of force like violence bynational navies dispatched to areas where piracy is
occurring or by armed guard on-board ships tomariners and piracy.

✓ A potential risk to navies, piracy may abuse therights of local communities such as fishermen.

8Companies should provide appropriate employment with supporting employment contracts. Please see the guidance on
employment and recruitment agencies here for further elaboration:(http://www.ihrb.org/publications/reports/human-rights-guides.html)

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Society and government

Relations withgovernments

OthersTrafficking

Bribery andcorruption

 Possible risk of being involved in bribery andcorruption such as by way of facilitation payment.
[T]

✓ ✓ ✓

 Potential risk of being involved in collusion, bribery
and corruption at the time of negotiating
investments and route development withgovernments and legislative authorities. [C/B]

Trafficking inhuman Potential risk of direct association with trafficking
through the transportation of trafficking victims (viainternational airlines and shipping companies).

✓

DiscardTransport

Buy

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5.4.

Finance

5.4.1.

Global Risks

The reasons of why the finance industry selected 4 Global Risks that may have a significant impact on theindustry are as followed.


Political Instability/Social Unrest

In the case that political instability and social unrest in a country are amplified, the credibility of thecountry and the value of their bonds declines. As a consequence, there is a rise in interest rates. Because thecountry that suffers from a lack of financial funds takes measures such as forced underwriting ofgovernment funds by private financial institutions, borrowing of central banks and issue of notes, these leadto accelerate inflation and fiscal crises.
Financial Crises

Financial crises result in a collapse in the value of government bonds, making it difficult for thegovernment to borrow money from overseas. The economy becomes sluggish and gives rise to serious
economic recession.
Climate change

Climate change causes a collapse of financial assets (declined value of collateral and increase in operationalrisks) to companies, which leads them to negative effect on B/S.


Failure of financial mechanism or institution

Failure of financial mechanism or institution triggers bankruptcy of borrowers and generate withdrawal ofinvestment (both from companies and countries). Then, a withdrawal or contraction of the business in the
country is considered to occur. In addition, failure of one big financial institution brings about a withdrawalof funds from other financial institutions. As a consequence, financial institutions confront difficulty inlending funds to companies, making it extremely difficult for companies to procure funds for enhancementof their business. Then, the economy in the country becomes sluggish.

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5.4.2.

The Map of Global Risks and Human Rights Issues

The interconnections Map of the finance industry is shown as followed. In addition, the newly added points
and lines are shown in the red color. The opinion and reason of each added point is introduced as below.

1)

There is an increasing number of cyber attacks against companies and organizations. As cyber attacks
aim at confidential information of companies, data fraud, and destruction of systems, companies run
the great risk of financial damages. This may in turn give rise to a failure of financial mechanism or
institution and a negative spiral of the economy arising from it.

2)

According to an analysis of OECD, the most significant issue for economic growth is income
disparity. Income disparity deprives people from opportunities for education, brings about a decline insocial liquidity, and impedes on the development of skills and talents. Income disparity is a great risk
to the finance industry.

3)

A change in monetary policy gives a significant impact on exchange rates all around the world. For
instance, in 2015, The Swiss National Bank announced three-year policy of capping the Swiss franc
against the euro, shocking financial markets in the world.

4)

New systems and a change of industrial mechanism appear to be a great threat to the finance industry.
For instance, if the virtual currency “Bitcoin” is recognized as an official currency and used in

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markets, the impact of it to the finance industry is not measurable. If this type of new system affects
their monopoly or dominant positions in financial markets, they run the great risk of losing their job
employments and business transactions.
5)

When shifting funds to other countries, new laws and regulations are likely to be an impediment forcompanies to conduct international financial transactions.

6)

There is a risk in a leak of confidential information when financial mechanism collapses.

7)

Political instability → decline in demand → deflation → more pressure on profitability of companies→ decrease in investment to enhance facilities.
Tax avoidance (money laundering) → open accounts (selling and buying) → transactions with
anti-social groups → decline in company’s credibility

8)

Financial institutions need to pay attention on how lending money is used and how stakeholders ofborrowers are affected by it.

9)

As financial markets collapse, companies confront difficulty in procuring money for enhancement of
their productivity. As a result of this, companies lose their competitiveness in domestic andinternational markets, and the economy goes into a slump.

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Key value chains applicable to the finance sector were classified into five categories, and concrete issues
were further explored focusing on the products and services specified below.
5.4.3.

Key value chains in Finance Sector

Create: financial commodity planning, research, development
Buy: capital investment for office and data centre, financing
Produce: establishing fund
Sell: manage, review, loan, selling financial products, money transfer network/system, sales andmarketingUse: fund management and account maintenance5.4.4.

Discussed products and services



Investment trust fund

Mutual fund (loan)Mid-term & long-term domestic lending

5.4.5.

Potential human rights issues in the specified products and services, and relevant value
chainsValue Chain

Core operation/ Supply chain✓

Health and safety

 Long working hours may lead toillness including mental health risks✓✓

During work Possible gender discrimination intraining and promotion
 Management ability and quality ofmanagers

✓

✓

Use

Sell

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Use

✓

Sell

 Risk inherent in working long hours as
customer’s needs and operations
diversify and due to increases in
non-routine work.

Produce

Discrimination

Working hours

Buy

Workplaceconditions

Concrete issues*Highly relevant value chains are shownin parentheses [ ].

CreateKey human rights issues in finance sector

39Value Chain

Community

Use

✓

Sell

 Lack of regulations for protecting landownership, such as hypothecate in regards tofinancial transactions, may lead to infringementof human rights.

Produce

Title to land*Highly relevant value chains are shown in theparenthesis [ ].

BuyAccess to land

Concrete issues

CreateKey human rights issues in financesector✓ ✓ Potential risks of being held lender’s
responsibilities concerning credit mortgages
Community
investment－

 Positive impacts on job creation and access to
education through microfinance. [C]✓ Positive impacts by dealing in financial products
designed to support infrastructure improvement
in developing countries. [C]Society and government

Relations withsocietyMoneylaundering andtransparency Potential risk of facilitating money laundering offunds acquired through, e.g. trading
questionable assets, illegal drugs or gambling.
[B/S]

Customer On the infrastructure improvement anddevelopment, there is a potential risks of adverse
consequences for human rights, if the landacquisition has been undertaken without freeand prior informed consent, or if force has been
used, poor resettlement, environmental and othersocial impacts.

Investments,
loans, andindividual
investors－

 Human rights are not fully considered when
conducting screening and audits in regard tofunds and investment. Compliance with the
Equator Principles is desirable [S/U]

✓

✓

✓

✓ ✓ ✓

 Respect for land ownership rights of indigenous
people; need for sharing of benefits obtained
from indigenous knowledge, such as in relation
to raw materials. [C/S] Risk of involvement in human rights impacts
through business relationships, by including
companies involved such impacts in a portfolio.
[P] Possible risk of excessive debt/credit extended
to consumers who are in no position to repay,
and the possible use of extortion by outsourced
collection agencies.
Use

Sell

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5.4.6.


Reference sources
Thun Group of Banks, Discussion Paper for Banks on the Implementation of the UN Guiding
Principles on Business and Human Rights 16-21, October 2013
http://www.business-humanrights.org/media/documents/thun-group-discussion-paper-final-2-oct-201
3.pdf (accessed 13th Match 2014)

Institute for Human Rights and Business, Investing the Rights Way: A Guide for Investors on Businessand Human Rights, 2013.
http://www.ihrb.org/pdf/Investing-the-Rights-Way/Investing-the-Rights-Way.pdf (accessed 13th
March 2014)

5.4.7.

Focal Issues/Challenges towards 2014

Many financial institutions have close relationships through lending, investment and underwriting withall the industrial sectors and businesses they support. This means that the finance institutions are
exposed to human rights issues/risks inevitably, through the activities of their clients, as participationin or association with human rights violations, even indirectly, may negatively affect a company’s
profitability or reputation. Through putting in place human rights due diligence mechanisms, not only
do finance institutions address their own risks, but also affect the way in which companies in theirsphere of influence tackle human rights, This facilitates mitigating and addressing potential risks, aswell as leading to a more human rights-aware business community at large.
To separate out the impacts of the financial institution itself and those to which the financial
institution is directly linked through its business relationships.

Wider collaboration including representatives from the banking, investing and insurance sectors inthis platform of discussion would be needed, in order to make the current paper and any related
follow-up work as relevant as possible for the finance industry.

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Human Rights Issues by Sector v.2 without Value Chain Discussion
5.5.

Chemicals

5.5.1.

Global Risks

The reasons of why the chemical and construction materials industry selected 3 Global Risks that may havea significant impact on the industry are as followed.


Water Crises

There is a risk of the occurrence of water crises arising out of construction of factories and deforestation for
logging. When the water resources become depleted, companies run the risk of suffering from a lack offactory water, and suspending their business. In addition, overuse of the water resources for production
threatens the livelihood of communities who are highly reliant on them.


Unemployment and underemployment

An increase in production costs by price spikes of raw materials gives rise to an increased use ofdownsizing by factories and companies to mange costs, which leads to the expansion of unemployment andunderemployment. And, unemployment and underemployment broaden income disparity, resulting in the
spread of forced labour, child labour, hazardous work and employment and poverty. These fuel politicalinstability and social unrest.


Political instability and social unrest

There is a risk that political instability and social unrest cause issues of corruption and bribery. And,
political instability and social unrest result in unemployment and underemployment, which expands
poverty.

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5.5.2.

The Map of Global Risks and Human Rights Issues

The interconnections Map of the chemical and construction materials industry is shown as followed. In
addition, the newly added points and lines are shown in the red color. The opinion and reason of each added
point is introduced as below.

1)Construction of factories and deforestation for logging impact on climate change.

2)Companies and factories run the risk of being exposed to increased competitions for the scarce water
resources. Communities around affected areas are subject to adverse impact.

3)Children are losing the opportunities to receive education and proper medical care.

4)

There is a risk that increasing poverty becomes a fertile ground for the spread of child prostitution.

5)

When companies relocate their production bases to areas where indigenous peoples live, they run therisk of infringing “the title of land” that indigenous people uphold.

6)

De facto standards may give companies wrong incentives to circumvent them to keep thesustainability of business operations.

7)

Improper treatment of chemical wastes may inflict health hazards to employees who deal with wastes.

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Key human rights issues in chemical sector

Concrete Issues

Core operation/
Supply chain

Health andsafety Risks of skin injuries and cancers posed by theuse of chemical materials.
 Health hazards caused by the unsanitary
working environment.
 Safety and functionality tests to human beings.
There is a risk of human rights issues when
corporate customers do not have solid values.

Discrimination

 Risk of harmful rumors against employees inrespect to harmful chemicals.

Resources

Use of natural
resources

 Progressive increase in discharge and leak ofhazardous materials, water and air pollution at
manufacturing sites as well as duringtransportation.
 In the case that harmful chemicals aredischarged, other industries are adversely
affected as negative externality.
 There is a risk of depletion of water due toconstruction of factories and deforestation.
 Impact of depletion of natural resources to local
people.

Access to land

Voluntary
relocationconsultation
andcompensation

 Inadequate compensation on relocation may
create tensions with local communities whendeveloping sites, which may endanger the safetyof both corporate and community members.
 Realization of fair compensation.

Community

Workplaceconditions

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5.6.

Pharmaceuticals

5.6.1.

Global Risks

The reasons of why the pharmaceutical industry selected 3 Global Risks that may have a significant
impact on the industry are as followed.


Climate change

Climate change causes tropicalization and a change in ecosystems. It ultimately gives rise to theincidence of new diseases such as new virus and bacteria (Ebola and Dengue). The pharmaceuticalindustry runs the risk of facing these unprecedented diseases.
Income disparity

As income disparity becomes deteriorated, it is expected that there is a widening disparity between those
who can have access to medicine and those who do not. And, counterfeit drugs are smuggled andsupplied through a black market to impoverished areas and the poor, which will threaten a person’s lifeand health. Pharmaceutical companies run the risk of getting involved in this.


Financial Deterioration and Fiscal Crises

Fiscal crises bring about a decrease in health care investment, making it very difficult for pharmaceuticalcompanies to procure funds to develop new medicine for unprecedented virus and diseases. Also, fiscal
crises give rise to increasing income disparity, and there will be a bigger disparity between those whohave access to medicine and those who do not.

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5.6.2.

The Map of Global Risks and Human Rights Issues

The interconnections Map of the pharmaceutical industry is shown as followed. In addition, the newly
added points and lines are shown in the red color. The opinion and reason of each added point isintroduced as below.

1)

Cyber attacks aim at data fraud and theft, and put companies under a great risk of huge financial
damages. Companies run the risk of losing a competitive advantage in the market as a result of it.

2)

The field of development in the pharmaceutical industry should address the issue of diversity.
Pharmaceutical development requires a flexible way of thinking, and interactions with other fields
are necessary to stimulate new ideas.

3)

Knowledge transfer of traditional medicines becomes more difficult, due to protection ofindigenous peoples.

4)

Adoption of new international standards may trigger illegal distribution of drugs, and there will be
the incidence of health hazards to impoverished people.

5)

As the guideline to implementation of animal experiments has been developed in Japan, there has
been active ongoing discussions on this topic. Companies should reflect their experiment practices,and ensure the legitimacy and transparency of their management.

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Key human rights issues in pharmaceutical sector

Concrete Issues

Core operation/
Supply chainWork
conditions andothersHealth andsafety The use of chemical compounds or/and
pharmaceutical products without adequate
protections may endanger the health and safetyof employees.
 During the clinical development stage ofpharmaceutical production, the health and safetyof study participants may not be managed
properly at contract research organizations.
Moreover, there may be fraud in clinical trials
and data.

Community

Resources

Use of natural
resources

 Sourcing natural compounds that are essential
for drug development may possibly heighten
tensions between companies and local
communities. Especially (e.g. Bio-Piracy;
deprive benefit of community through a patentmonopoly for compound made from medicinal
plants which historically diffuse within a local
community)

Community
investment－

 Positive impacts on public health such as byrising awareness of diseases and ensuring accessto medicines.

Society andgovernment

Relations withgovernments

Gov’ts withpoor humanrights records

 Company’s support for public health activities instate/ local community may be misused bygovernment and those who have a political
agenda for political purposes such as inpropaganda.
 Risk to governments or health-care providers
restricting access to facilities to minority groups
or other disadvantaged groups.

Consumer

Relations withpatients

Health andsafety Taking positive actions towards the fight against
counterfeit medicines Delay in reporting adverse drug reactions and in
conducting recalls may endanger health andsafety of patients
 Risk of testing drugs without prior informed
consent of patients.
 Adverse drug reactions and wrong prescriptions
may endanger health and safety of patients.

Reference Source for Pharmaceutical Sector:
Access to Medicines Index. http://www.accesstomedicineindex.org/ (accessed February 25th 2014)

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5.7.

Apparel and Textiles

5.7.1.

Global Risks

The reasons of why the apparel and textile industry selected 3 Global Risks that may have a significant
impact on the industry are as followed.


Climate change

A rise in temperature arising out of climate change declines the volume of raw materials, and as aconsequence, brings about price spikes of raw materials. Besides that, climate change causes a change of
product reference of consumers, leading to shorter product-life cycles and shorter delivery time of
manufacturing products. This gives a significant impact on labour practices of local employees.


Political Instability and Social unrest

If proper treatments are not implemented to employees, companies run the risk of facing strikes anddemonstrations. As a consequence, this deteriorates political stability. In addition, when company’s own
factories and outsourced factories confront any events arising out of political instability, there is a risk thatthe incidence of them negatively affect operations of company’s activities.


Unemployment and underemployment

In the case that companies relocate their production sites to cheaper countries, there is a loss of
employment opportunities that gives rise to unemployment and underemployment. They lead to various
issues of poverty, discrimination, human trafficking and child labour.

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5.7.2.

The Map of Global Risks and Human Rights Issues

The interconnections Map of the apparel and textile industry is shown as followed. In addition, the newly
added points and lines are shown in the red color. The opinion and reason of each added point is introduced
as below.

1)Children’s right to education should be addressed.

2)Companies usually renew their old facilities once several years.

3)

Discrimination of employment and promotion opportunities based on race and gender should beconsidered.

4)

Poverty becomes a fertile ground for child labour and child prostitution.

5)

Workers in countries with undeveloped mechanisms and laws run the risk of being exposed to poor
labour practices.

6)

Unemployment and underemployment deteriorate income disparity and poverty.

7)

There is a risk of the incidence of large-scale boycotts once irresponsible labour practices alongsupply chains are disclosed publicly by the Media and NGOs.

8)

A rise in marketing costs to analyse and identify changing product preferences of consumers.

9)Companies may relocate their production sites or change outsourcing factories to the country withless human rights awareness.

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Key human rights issues in apparel and textiles
sectorConcrete issuesCore
operation/
Supplychain

Working hours

 Long working hours may be caused by (a)production schedules that presuppose overtime
work, as well as in attempting to meet deadlines inthe sewing process, (b) low wages not matching
local standards of living, and (c) piece-rate work.

Wages

 Pressure from buyers for cost reductions may
result in infringement of minimum wage
legislation.

Health andsafety Education on safety and health, including
emergency drills, may not be conducted or may
not be conducted properly.

Discrimination-

 Gender and age inequality (discrimination against
female workers) in working conditions, training
and promotion.

Child labour

Minimum age

 Children under the minimum age may bepermitted to work without confirmation of theiridentification papers, or based on forged papers.

Forced orcompulsory
labourForcedovertime

 Immigrant workers in China and foreign trainees
in Japan may be forced to do overtime work.

Community

Resources

Use of natural
resources Discharging of hazardous material from leather
tanneries and dye houses may pollute rivers, andmay damage local people’s health.

Consumer

Relations withcustomers

Health andsafety Positive impact from changing consumer
preferences (e.g. promoting fair trade), andengaging in ethical marketing

Workplaceconditions

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5.8.

Food and Retail5.8.1.

Global Risks

The reasons of why the food industry selected 3 Global Risks that may have a significant impact on theindustry are as followed.


Climate change

Climate change declines the volume of agricultural and marine products, and has a significant impact on
lives of consumers. In addition, it makes it more difficult for companies to procure food materials steadily.
To secure stable agricultural production, excessive nutrients in soil and extensive application of agriculturalchemicals are practiced on a large scale, which will in turn bring about health hazards to human beings andthe environmental destruction.
Income disparity

Income disparity causes limited access to food and nutrition. It is expected that a steep rising price for foodwill expand disparity and threaten lives of consumers. In addition, as income disparity expands, there is arisk that more local people living in impoverished areas will face the issue of forced labour and resort tochild labour to survive.
Food crises

Decline in food production due to climate change and the growth of population on a global scale will resultin food crises. Along with it, a steep rising price for food gives rise to impediments to stable production
activities in the food industry and shrinkage of markets due to decreased accessibility of consumers.

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5.8.2.

The Map of Global Risks and Human Rights Issues

The interconnections Map of the manufacturing industry is shown as followed. In addition, the newly
added points and lines are shown in the red color. The opinion and reason of each added point is introduced
as below.

1)

The increasing growth of population and food crises are highly interrelated.

2)

Types of crops to be produced will change as climate change continues. In addition, a decrease of
agricultural lands, a reduction of crop yields due to disasters, and a change of production areas andfishing are considered to occur.

3)

A few global companies in the food industry have gained their dominant positions in the market. Thissituation is perceived that free competitive markets are not fully functioned. Given these two factors
which are dominant positions in the market and price spikes of food happening all around the world,
there is a great risk of further price spikes of food.

4)

Because children’s bodies are small and metabolism is very active, they are more vulnerable to healthhazards. If their health conditions are deteriorated, they run the risk of not receiving education and ofdeveloping disorders and aftereffects of diseases, depriving them from the number of choices they canmake in their lives. Speaking from a social perspective, this is perceived to be a loss of labour force inthe future.

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5)

Development projects may devastate local agricultural lands and fishing grounds. These give anenormous impact on local culture and practices of areas where projects are implemented.

6)Child labour deprives children from education opportunities.

7)

Poverty becomes a hotbed of child prostitution.

8)

Unique food culture, such as eating a whale in Japan, may affect the ecosystem.

9)

A logistic process in value chain consumes a lot of energy. Although energy-saving technology has
been developed, the transportation volume of products and distance should be taken into
consideration. In addition, it is important to consume locally produced food to reduce theenvironmental load.

10) Crops and marine products produced near affected areas of nuclear disaster cannot be used as amaterial. The food industry should take a cautious stance on nuclear power plants, while carrying out
the procurement of raw materials in consideration of risks of nuclear disasters.
11) Children run the risk of harming their health by taking food that a large volume of pesticide is usedand genetically modified products.
12) The issue of study on genetically modified products is also a bioethical issue. This may lead to anissue of discrimination.
13) Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority updated the information on dioxins andpesticides. Over the years, dioxins have been the significant concern of the international agencies
such as the World Health Organization, National Institute of Environmental Studies, and the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency.
14) Regulations affect procurement and transportation of raw materials. As a result, there is a possibility
that supplies of the relevant products are reduced or stopped. Therefore, this should be added as an
item that leads to a rise in prices and a loss of employment opportunities as a business risk.
15) Genetically modified products are expected to increase more. Therefore, new regulations to set a limiton the volume of these products may be created and applied for protection of the health and theecosystem.
16) High-level radioactive food products negatively affect the health of people.
17) Companies run the risk of being accused of complicity to CSR violations due to illegal labour
practices such as low wages. Besides, if companies do not make fair transaction prices with
agricultural and marine workers, their food industry will become sluggish and income disparity
expands. In the end, this gives rise to increased CSR violations.
18) When companies attempt to accelerate the growth of plants by using a lot of energy, this brings about
an increase in Cos and CFC emissions.

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Key human rights issues in food and retailsectorConcrete issuesCore
operation/
Supplychain

Workinghours

・ Long working hours may be a burden at
manufacturing factories (i.e. suppliers) where private
brand products are made and within logistics
networks that distribute the goods due to low wages
not matching local standards of living, and piece-rate
work.

Health andsafety・ Risk of fatal and non-fatal accidents in production
process including handling sourcing material, and inhanding chemical substances in supply chain

Employment

 Risk of racial and age discrimination in local
employment.

During work Foreign workers may not be ensured access to safety
education because of language barriers.
 Informal workers and seasonal workers may be
involved in precarious employment.

Child labour－

 Child labour and forced labour may possibly occur at
suppliers of raw materials, for example agriculturaland fishery products, and processing plants.
 There is a risk that children lose the right toeducation.

Forced orcompulsory
labour－ Production is often concentrated in particular time
periods, due to seasonality of products in our sectors.
Forced overtime work may be observed in the busiest
periods.

Freedom of
association andcollective
bargaining

Conflict withlocal law

 Freedom of association and the rights of collective
bargaining under international human rights law may
not be fully ensured in countries in which unions are
not permitted, or unions are permitted but poorly
implemented.

Resources

Use of natural
resources Large-scale commercial agriculture and fishing candecrease agricultural production and fish hauls ofsmall-scale community operations, adversely
impacting livelihoods. Also risks of damage to local
ecological systems

Workplaceconditions

Discrimination

Community Large-scale commercial agriculture may also
adversely impact on access to water for thecommunity.
 Culturally/ historically/ religiously important sites for
local communities or indigenous people may bedamaged.
SecurityState
provision of
security Risks of excessive use of force by state or state may
not provide adequate security to protect citizens’ rightto security of person.

Access to land

Title to land

 Titles to the land of local people or indigenous groups
may be ignored, especially when constructing large

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stores.
 Increased demands for alternative energy sources(e.g. bio-fuels) may diminish the land available forlivelihoods and agricultural cultivation.
 Risk of deprivation of production means andresidence.
Societyandgovernme
nt

Relations withgovernments

Bribery andcorruption

 Bribes may be demanded of a company when it
expands its business and develops a new store at thestage of obtaining approvals and licenses for landacquisition, marketing and manufacturing.

Consumer

Relations withcustomers

Health andsafety Positive impacts from promoting responsible
marketing, especially by giving consideration to
consumer health in respect of alcohol and tobacco
sales, and to consumer safety in respect of electric
devices and toys.
 Consideration of marketing methods for children who
are very vulnerable.
 Risks to consumer health from low quality or
addictive substances, as well as from inadequate
labelling.
 Risk of harming the health of consumers when
quality control is not fully practiced.

Reference Source for Food and Retail Sector:
Access to Nutrition Index. http://www.accesstonutrition.org/ (accessed February 25th 2014)

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5.9.

Paper and Printing

Key human rights issues in paper sector

Concrete issuesCore
operation/
Supply chain

Community

Workplaceconditions

Health andsafety Potential risks in relation to workplace accidents
when employees are engaged in logging or
operating heavy machinery

Discrimination

During work Workers may be subject to lack of equal
opportunity for education, training andpromotion due to gender discrimination or/and
nationality discrimination

Resources

Use of natural
resources

 In term of forest resources, the rights ofindigenous people and local communities may
not be fully considered. Especially in the casewhere a company purchases woodchips rather
than sawing from company-owned forests, there
may be possible risks of the company being
involved in human rights violations related tologging.
 Forest biodiversity may not be fully considered.

Access to land

Title to land

 Lack of formal tenure arrangements, or tenure
based on historical use rather thandocumentation can lead to traditional rights
being overlooked.

Key human rights issues in printing sector

Concrete issuesCore
operation/
Supply chain

Working hours

 Risks around working long hours in sales andmarketing, in the factory, at suppliers andsubcontractors.

Health andsafety Potential cancer risks caused by using chemicalmaterials in enclosed spaces with inadequate
ventilation, and in printing factories.

Discrimination

During work Foreign workers may be subject to lack of healthand safety education due to language barriers.
 Foreign workers may receive unfair treatment.

Child labour－ There could possibly be child labour within the
supply chain (at subcontractors, and Asian
factories where products for give-away
campaigns are made)Forced orcompulsory
labourPrison labour Prison labour (known as “keimusagyo” (“prison
industry”) in Japanese) may be used and workers
may not receive adequate payment (*).

Relations withcustomers

Protection andstorage of
personal data There may possibly be a leak of personal datathat the printing company acquires to produce
products such as credit cards.

ConsumerWork conditions* The use of prison labour is facilitated by national policy in Japan. This means that the issue is not limited to theprinting sector, and could potentially relate to all sectors.

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6.

List of Reference Sources

Access to Nutrition Index. http://www.accesstonutrition.org/ (accessed February 25th 2014)
Access to Medicines Index. http://www.accesstomedicineindex.org/ (accessed February 25th 2014)
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, Trafigura lawsuits.
http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Lawlawsuits/Lawsuitsregulatoryaction/LawsuitsSelectedc
ases/TrafiguralawsuitsreCtedIvoire(accessed February 25th 2014)
Institute for Human Rights and Business, Investing the Rights Way: A Guide for Investors on Business andHuman Rights, 2013. http://www.ihrb.org/pdf/Investing-the-Rights-Way/Investing-the-Rights-Way.pdf(accessed February 25th 2014)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), The OECD Due Diligence Guideline
for Responsible Supply Chain of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas 2nd Edition, 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/GuidanceEdition2.pdf (accessed February 25th 2014)
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, United States of America, 2010.
http://www.sec.gov/about/laws/wallstreetreform-cpa.pdf (accessed February 25th 2014)
Thun Group of Banks, Discussion Paper for Banks on the Implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on
Business and Human Rights 16-21, October 2013
http://www.business-humanrights.org/media/documents/thun-group-discussion-paper-final-2-oct-2013.pdf(accessed February 25th 2014)
Voluntary Principles, Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights, September 2013.
http://www.voluntaryprinciples.org/files/VPs_IGT_Final_13-09-11.pdf (accessed February 25th 2014)

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57

List of Participants in Human Rights Due Diligence Workshops 2014
Participants from Companies, Industry Association and others

Hirokazu AsanoManager, CSR Planning Group, CSR Office, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

Yoshitaka Doi

Assistant Manager, CSR Planning Group, CSR Office, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

Hiroyuki Oba

Assistant to General Manager, Responsible Care Planning Division,
Kureha Corporation

Nobuhiro Yamane

Manager, ESG Planning Section, TOTO Ltd.

Eriko Takahashi

ESG Planning Section, TOTO Ltd.

Toshihiko Hoshino

Senior Expert, CSR Group, Corporate Planning Div.,
FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation

Motoko Kawasaki

Senior Manager, CSR Group, Corporate Planning Div.,
FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation

Sohei Motoyama

Head, CSR, Public Affairs, Sanofi K.K.

Misa Hatakeyama

Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd.

Minoru Matsuzaki

Manager, CSR Department, Group Compliance Division,
Corporate Governance Office, Olympus Corporation

Kazuhiko Ozeki

Manager, CSR Department, Group Compliance Division,
Corporate Governance Office, Olympus Corporation

Gaisuke Noguchi

Senior Supervisor, Strategic Procurement Organizing Department,
CMIC Headquarters, Olympus Corporation

Yoshiaki YamadaGroup Leader, CSR Department, Group Compliance Division,
Corporate Governance Office, Olympus Corporation

Masahiko Doi

Senior Manager, Corporate Communicaion Department
CSR・CS Promotion Team & Legal Department, Anritsu Corporation

Mitsue Doi

Senior Manager, CSR・CS Promotion Team,
Corporate Communicaion Department, Anritsu Corporation

Shinichiro Uryu

Manager, Corporate Social Responsibility Group,
Corporate Communication Department, Business Strategy Office,Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Azumi Nishizawa

Corporate Social Responsibility Group,
Corporate Communication Department,
Business Strategy Office, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Atsuko Kakihara

Senior Manager, CSR Department, Corporate Planning Division,
Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Noriko Souma

Chief Specialist, CSR Office, Toshiba Corporation

Tomoko Sasaki

Chief Specialist, CSR Office, Toshiba Corporation

Tetsuo Higuchi

Section Manager, Corporate Social Responsibility Section,
Corporate Strategy Planing Department,
Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co., Ltd.

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Takeshi Ichikara

Strategy Planning Center, Corporate Strategy Planning Department,
Corporate Social Responsibility Section,
Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co., Ltd.

Masahiro SatoManager, Global CSR Office, Legal Affairs Department, Mizuno Corporation

Satoshi Ogiso

Manager, HR, Corporate Functions, Fujitsu Limited

Keisuke Ota

Manager, CSR Promotion and Social Contributions Office,CSR and Environmental Management Promotion Division, NEC Corporation

Naomi Endo

Senior Manager, CSR Promotion and Social Contributions Office,CSR and Environmental Management Promotion Division, NEC Corporation

Kiichiro Yokoyama

Manager, Corporate Communications Department,
Nomura Research Institute, Ltd.

Koji Yoshioka

NTT Data Corporation

Seiji Yamagishi

General Manager, CSR Dept., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation

Takanobu Suehiro

Senior Vice President, CSR Dept., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation

Hiromasa Uno

Assistant Manager, Corporate Social Responsibility Division,
Nippon Express Co., Ltd.

Yuko Tsutsui

Deputy General Manager, Human Resources Group,
General Affairs Headquarters, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK LINE)

Kazue Kosugi

Manager, CSR Coordination Team,
Corporate Communication and CSR Group,Management Planning Headquarters,
Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK LINE)

Tatsuya Kato

Deputy Manager, CSR & Compliance Division, General Affairs Group,
Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Ltd.

Takeshi Yamabe

Assistant Manager, Global Administrations Headquarters,
General Affairs & Human Resources Div., Hankyu Hanshin Express Co., Ltd.

Yumiko ImaiManager, MBA, Public Relations and CSR Unit, Office of the President,
SG Holdings Co., Ltd.

Shigenori Shiba

Assistant Manager, Public Relations and CSR Unit, Office of the President,
SG Holdings Co., Ltd.

Hisatoshi Yanagihashi

Kewpie Corporation

Katsumi Kanno

Kewpie Corporation

Kenji Yanagisawa

General Manager, Finance& Investor Relations, Nichirei Corporation

Naomichi Hiro Terasaki

Adviser, CSR Project, The Tokyo Foundation

Kengo Makimoto

COO, Insight Consulting Inc.

Tatsuo Hakamada

Seikei University

more 3 people from corporation, industry association and others

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59Participants from NGO/NPOs, Academias, and Subject Experts

Hideki Wakabayashi
Yoko Doi

Executive Director, Amnesty International Japan
Fundraising Coordinator, Amnesty International Japan

Masaru Arai

Chair, Social Investment Forum Japan (SIF Japan)

Yuka Iwatsuki

President, ACE (Action againt Child Exploitat)

Jyunichi Mishiba

Executive Director, FoE Japan

Akiko Mera

Executive Director, Oxfam Japan

Kenichi Kumagai

Public Relations, The ILO Association of Japan,
The Japan Association for Advancement of ILO Activities

Yuki Sekimoto

Communications Manager, Greenpeace Japan

Yumiko Horie

Advocacy Manager, Save the Children Japan

Ryoya Kato

Corporate Partnerships Officer, Corporate Partnerships,
Save the Children Japan

Saul Takahashi

Japan, Korea & Pacific Islands Researcher & Representative,
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre

Aya Nanashima

Fundrasing Department, Lighthouse: Center for Human Trafficking Victims

Hironori Koga

Lighthouse: Center for Human Trafficking Victims

Aiki Segawa

Intern, Lighthouse: Center for Human Trafficking Victims

Osamu Shiraishi

Director, Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center

Hideaki Uemura

Professor & Dean, Graduate School of Peace Studies Professor,
Department of Studies on Contemporary Society Director,
Institute of Peace Culture Studies, Keisen UniversityCollaborated with;

Hidenori Imazu

Toppan Editorial Communications Co., Ltd.

Takao Hiraishi

Managing Director, Brain Center Inc.

Hiro Motoki

Chief Executive, E-Square Inc.

Yoshihiko Yamabuki

General Manager, Cetus & General Press Inc.

Supervised by;

Kaori Kuroda

Executive Director, CSO Network Japan

Makoto Teranaka

Lecturer, Faculty of Contemporary Law, Tokyo Keizai University

Organised by;Caux Round Table Japan

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March 13th, 2015/03/11
Nippon CSR Consortium
Contributors
From two companies, three organisations, and two universities
We gratefully acknowledge for their insights on our Draft Version for Public Consultation, which was
issued on November 26th, 2014.
(in alphabetical order)Allan Burby – General Manager, Business Ethics, Tata Quality Management Services, Tata Sons Ltd.

Anant G. Nadkarni – Advisor & Consultant in CSR & Sustainability and former Vice President forgroup Sustainability at Tata India. Initiatives of Change UKCathrine Bloch Poulsen-Hansen – Advisor, The Danish Institute for Human RightsSune Skadegaard Thorsen – CEO, Global CSR

A person related to Global Risks Report, the World Economic Forum

Students from the Department of Business and Technology Management, Graduate School of
Economics, Kyushu University
Akihito Kuga, Akio Higuchi, Asuka Motomura, Chie Hayashi, Daisuke Murata, Daisuke Nakai,
Eiji Hirayama, Eri Hirakawa, Hiromitsu Kubota, Hiroshi Nakamichi, Hiroshige Sunayama,
Kazunori Oobuchi, Keisuke Oohashi, Keisuke Yamada, Kenji Yagi, Kenjirou Okada,
Kouji Iwanaka, Masafumi Kiku, Masatoshi Syoujima, Rai Kaku, Sadayuki Kogo, Shin Masuda,
Tadatata Ooi, Takahiro Kiyofuji, Takaichi Hasegawa, Takashi Minami, Yoshiki Sonoda,
Yuuki Kogata, Yuuki Terabayashi, Yukitaka Tanigawa, Yuusuke Matsunaga, Yuusuke Oka,
Kouta Kashiwada

Students from the Institute of Business and Accounting, Professional Business School, Kwansei
Gakuin University
AL Ramadhan Fatemah, Abdulah AlSharif, Andrew Warthan, Attilio Nespoli,
Chen Chenlongxiao, Filemban Shimaa, Jolan Ferreri, Kazuyuki Takebe,
Marwan Al-Zahrani, Mehar Mufti, Pierre Dana, Yeyen Susanti, Zhang Han

END

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