PCCC AI/機械学習技術部会 第４回ワークショップ, HPC-AI AC
第３回日本カンファレンス 4月19日 2023年

Overview and plan for Quantum HPC hybrid
computing platform in RIKEN R-CCS
佐藤三久 Mitsuhisa Sato

量子HPC連携プラットフォーム部門部門長 Director, Quantum HPC Hybrid Computing Platform Division
プログラミング環境研究チーム チームリーダー Team Leader of Programming Environment Research Team

理化学研究所計算科学研究センター 副センター長

Deputy Director, RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS)

順天堂大学 健康データサイエンス学部 教授

理化学研究所は、理研内横断プロジェクトとして「Transformative ResearchInnovation Platform of RIKEN platforms（TRIP）」を推進することとしており、その⼀環として、量子コンピュータ（QuantumComputing: QC）とスーパーコンピュータ（High Performance
Computing:HPC）を連携するためのシステムソフトウエアの研究開発を進める計画です。本講演では、理研内の量子コンピュータの研究について紹介し、理化学研究所計算科学センターでの量子HPC連携プラットフォームの研究開発の概要と計画についてご説明いたします。

New division for QC-HPC hybrid computing in R-CCS
In R-CCS, Quantum HPC Hybrid Computing Platform Division was started from April, 2023




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Quantum computational technologies are expected to present the opportunity to tackle several problems
that are currently infeasible to solve with supercomputers.
The mission is R&D to design and development the quantum HPC hybrid computing platform to make useof quantum computational technologies by the integration with high-end supercomputers (such as Fugaku).

Three Units

Quantum-HPC Hybrid Software Environment Unit

Quantum Computing Simulation Unit

Quantum-HPC Hybrid Platform Operations Unit

Note:


This division will focus mainly on the development of QC-HPC hybrid platform
Researches on Quantum-HPC Hybrid algorithm and application will be conducted by R-CCS andRIKEN research teams using this platform.

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Quantum Computing Researches in RIKEN


RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing （RQC)
The research and development of superconducting quantumcomputers

Research of optical quantum computers

Researches on quantum computing theory RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS)

Development of quantum computers simulators using Fugaku
Supercomputer
R&D for hybrid computing system with Fugaku and quantumcomputers
Feasibility study on technologies for integration of quantum
computers in the next flagship supercomputer project iTHEMS (Interdisciplinary Theoretical andMathematical Sciences Program)

Researches on theory and algorithm of quantum computingQuantum computing applications

 Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP)

Research of quantum AI and optimization algorithms

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QC Projects in R-CCS

RIKEN project “Transformative Research Innovation Platform of RIKEN platforms（TRIP)”MEXT “Feasibility Study Research on the next generation computing infrastructure”,
Feasibility Study Research for new computing paradigm
Feasibility study on technologies including architecture, system software, algorithms, forintegration of quantum computers in the next flagship supercomputer project
Keio Univ (Leader), RIKEN, Kyusyu Univ, Fujitsu, Tohoku Univ, NECCOI-NEXT program: Center of Innovation for sustainable quantum AI (by softwareand HPC, simulation technologies) (leaded by Prof. Todo, U Tokyo)

R&D and deploy of SC-QC hybrid computing platform

U. Tokyo, Keio Univ., RIKEN , OISTR-CCS joins the research group of quantum-HPC computing and QC simulation
technologies.

Moonshot project: R&D on scalable backend system for QC-FT (Dr. Sano)
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QC-HPC (supercomputer) hybrid computing (1/3)
Offloading some useful computation onto QC from large-scale HPC applications
Like GPUs! This is a final goal, but too early?

Supercomputers for large-scale QC simulation
QC simulation is very important to design QC algorithms such as error mitigation

QC simulation with noise model, simulation for QC physical device will be useful.
Required amount of computationand memory for QC simulation

O(100)

 methods such as tensor-network method are
required even by supercomputer and GPUs.
Maximum qubits can be simulated bysupercomputer (Fugaku) using state-vector
methodK. De Raedt; Massive Parallel Quantum Computer

O(10)Simulator;Computer Physics Communications vol.176 (2007);
pp.121-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2006.08.007

O(1)

2050

100 # qubitsPC and sever can simulate up to 30qubits

8QC-HPC (supercomputer) hybrid computing (2/3)


Error mitigation for NISQ by HPCError analysis requires the results by QC simulator on HPC

QC simulation with noise will be useful to study NISQ

Optimization and cutting/knitting of large quantum circuits by HPC

Required amount of computation
For error mitigation, cutting/knitting M3 error mitigation algorithm will
require supercomputer for morethan 100 qubits

O(100)

Supercomputer
will be requiredO(10)Server, GPU
can computeO(1)2050

100 # qubits

https://journals.aps.org/prxquantum/pdf/10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.040326

 Circuit cutting algorithm is a mixedinteger linear programming problem[1]https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.02333.pdf[2]https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.05836.pdf

9QC-HPC (supercomputer) hybrid computing (3/3)


Variational algorithms need many iterations of computation and communication
between QC and HPC
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VQE: Variational Quantum Eigensolver, QAOA: Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms, …
Large problems of VA (with error mitigation) will need “supercomputer” via Tightly-coupled LAN(?)
Supercomputer Is bandwidth-oriented system
Not latency-oriented system
Supercomputer
server

Front-end server(Classic computer)sever

Quantum
Computer

Near-QC Sever

Quantum
ComputerSupercomputer

Supercomputer

10Plan for Quantum Hybrid Computing platform in R-CCS

FugakuClassical HPC Infrastructure
Dedicated Simulator Machine(classic) ~1000 GPUs

Hybrid Programming API＆Workflow Scheduler

Algorithmic Descriptions
Hybrid Variational
Algorithms

Tightly Coupled LAN or Internet(For variational algorithms, lowlatency, high BW)

Quantum SW Stack

Quantum Computers (Physical & Simulated)

FPGA
Directlyobservable

Quantum Machines(RQC, multiplevendors)

NISQ Alg
Near-QC Hybrid
Programming ＆API
Unified IL for QC/Hybrid

Near QC server

Multiple simulators on
Fugaku (R-CCS/RQC)(Mainly) State Vector
QULACS, BRAKET, QIBO, …

Quantum Alg.

Dedicated Simulator
Machine (QuantumSim)~1000 GPUs
Tensor Contraction
cuQuantum etc.

••
•
•••
•
••

Quantum BLAS
Qiskit：IBM prog. Framework incl. transpiler
Cirq：Google quantum prog. tool
TensorFlow Quantum: Quantum ML
Q#:Microsoft quantum prog. Tool.
Qulacs：Osaka-u prog. Tool
QunaSys simulation
Covalent: Agnostiq、quantum HPC workflow
PyQubo：converts combinatorial optimization
problem into QUBO

11Design of QC-HPC hybrid system
In most current QC-Classic system, the workflow is limited:
Compilation on cloud, submission to QC, and retrieve ofresult by file transfer followed by analysis on server.

QC algorithm

QC
code

Cloud

CompilerAPI

Quantum Computer
Job submission

JobQueue

Prog. Lang
Compiler
API・LibraryComp.
Near QC

Large
HPC comp

Scheduler

Analysis
Programscheduler

HPC-QC
code

QC-HPC hybrid program written in asingle source (as in QODA) iscompiled into QC and HPC, andexecuted by HPC-QC hybrid

Prog. Lang

Job
Queue

QC-HPC
Hybrid Prog.

JobQueue
FileInternet

Calculation
for analysis

Scheduler（co-scheduling）

Scheduler

Near
API
QC
Server IO

File

File Transfer

Job
Queue

SupercomputerAPIinterconnect

Highspeed
LAN

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R&D for QC-HPC hybrid system
Programming models and framework for
QC-HPC hybrid computing, and design anddevelopment of hybrid computing
environmentSingle-source and unified programming system
for QC-HPC hybrid applications
Qiskitmain

func1
kernel1

kernel3
kernel2

kernel3

supercomputerSupercomputer

QC-RPC Runtime
QC Task

Quantum Computer（＋Classic Ffront-end）

Offloadquantum computer

QODA

Our QC API

QC remote procedure call (RPC) library

Middleware to offload a part of an application -kernel -- to a quantum computer
Use Task programming and Remote Procedure
Call (RPC) framework for the offloading

Qibo

Common HPC-QC API

Some extension of Qiskit, QODA, Qibo …

QC・Supercomputer
Co scheduler

Software stack for QC-HPC hybrid computing

ClusterPC

QC-RPC Runtime
QC
Simulator

ClassicTask

Supercomputer

RemoteProcedure
Call