社会技術研究論文集

Vol.4, 75-83, Dec. 2006࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ߩ᭴ㅧൻ
STRUCTURING SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGIESਛᎹ‫ޓ‬ༀౖ1
1 ඳ჻㧔Ꮏቇ㧕᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼‫␠ޓ‬ળၮ⋚ቇኾ᡹㧔‫ ޥ‬113-8656 ᧲੩ㇺᢥ੩඙ᧄㇹ㧣㧙㧟㧙㧝㧕E-mail: nakagawa-y@civil.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߪ␠ળߦᭂ߼ߡᄢ߈ߥଢ⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆඨ㕙‫␠ߩ⽶ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀߇↢ߓࠆߎߣ߽ ᔨߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬ᢥߪ߹ߕ‫ࠆߥ߆޿߇࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ᕈ⾰ࠍᜬߞߚ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆߩ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆
ߦߔࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ߚ߈ߡࠇࠊⴕߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬໧㗴ಽᨆߩ઀ᣇߢߪߎߩⶄ㔀ߥ໧㗴ࠍචಽߦᛒ߁
ߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿ߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޔߡߒߘޕ‬໧㗴ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣂߚߥᚻᴺࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ታ㓙ߦㆡ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ᚻᴺߩࡈࠖ࡯ࠫࡆ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᚻᴺߪ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߩ⹺⼂ߩ⇣ߥࠆੱ‫ߩޘ‬㑆ߢ⼏⺰ࠍⴕ߁㓙ߩ౒ㅢߩ࿯บߣߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ : ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯㧘໧㗴᭴ㅧൻ

1.

ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫(ޠ‬Plilip2) , cited in Rip3) ) ߣ޿߁⷗⸃߇

ߪߓ߼ߦ޽ࠆ߶ߤߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯⎇ⓥ࡮㐿⊒ߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥേะߒ߆ߒ‫ᦼߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᓙ߇޽ࠆ෻㕙‫ޔ‬᭽‫␠ߥޘ‬ળ⊛ߥㄭᐕ‫߇ࠊޔ‬࿖ࠍ฽߻਎⇇ฦ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬⽶ߩᓇ㗀߽ ᔨߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫␠ߪ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޕ‬ળࡠࠫ࡯ߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߇࿖ࠍ᜼ߍߡᒝജߦㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠍ㕟ᣂ⊛ߦᄌൻߐߖࠆน⢻ᕈࠍᜬߞߚᛛⴚߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬‫⇛ߩޠ࡯࠲࡯ࡔࡁ࠽ޟߪޠࡁ࠽ޟߩޠ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޟ‬␠ળߦᭂ߼ߡᄢ߈ߥ೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔᦼᓙ߇޽ࠆ෻㕙‫↟ޔ‬

1.1

9

m ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬m ߩࠨࠗ࠭ߩࠝ࡯࠳࡯ߢේሶ࡮ಽሶࠍ೙ᓮ

ᄢߥ⽶ߩᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߩਇ቟߽ᩮᒝߊሽ࿷ߔࠆߩ

ߒ‫ߦ⾰‛ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᯏ⢻ࠍ⊒⃻ߐߖࠆߎߣߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᛛⴚ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬᰷☨ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߚߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬1nm = 10ࡠࠫ࡯ߪ 109ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

1)ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦ࿖ߩ⹦ߒ޿േะߪ㋈ᧁઁ (2006) ߦ⼑ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ߜߦࠃߞߡ‫␠ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߣߪߤߩ਎⇇ߩਛߢᦨ߽⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߇⋓ࠎߥߩ߇☨࿖‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ‫ޔ‬EUࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߥߩ߆‫␠ޔ‬ળߣߒߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥⴕേࠍߔࠇ

ߢ޽ࠆ‫☨ޕ‬࿖ߢߪ 2000 ᐕߦ National Nanotechnology߫ࠃ޿ߩ߆㧔଀߃߫ⷙ೙ߩ޽ࠅᣇ╬㧕ߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏

Initiative ߇⸳┙ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬࿖ኅࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߣߒߡ࠽ࡁ࠹
ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ㐿⊒ߦਸ਼ࠅ಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫࠽ޟ‬ࡁ࠹ࠢ࡮᧚ᢱ‫ޠ‬ಽ㊁߇ 2001 ᐕߦ‫✚ޔ‬ว⑼ቇᛛⴚળ⼏ߩ⺰߇ᓢ‫ࠇࠊⴕߦޘ‬ᆎ߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡߪߎߩ⒳‫╙ޟ‬ੑᦼ⑼ቇᛛⴚၮᧄ⸘↹‫ߩޠ‬㊀ⷐ྾ಽ㊁ߩ৻ߟߦ૏

ߦ⊒⿷ߒߚ National Nanotechnology Initiative ߩᵴേ⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬EU ߢߪ 2002 ᐕߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ”EU 6thᨒ⚵ߺߩ৻ߟߣߒߡߔߢߦ‫ޔ‬‫␠ޟ‬ળ‫୶ޔ‬ℂ‫ޔ‬ᴺᢛ஻߅ࠃ

Framework Programme: 2002—2006”ߦ߅޿ߡ‫࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯߇㊀ⷐߥ૏⟎ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߮ᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㗄⋡߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޔઁߩߘޕ‬ߩ⼏⺰ߪ⃻࿷ߩߣߎࠈ⊝ήߢ޽ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬┻᧛4) ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔߪߡ޿߅ߦࠞ࡝ࡔࠕߕ߹ޔ‬2000 ᐕ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ߇㐿௅ߐࠇࠆߥߤߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦฦ࿖࡮࿾ၞߢ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯߇㊀ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᛛⴚ߇␠ળߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ৻ᣇ‫ޔߪߢࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬EU ߦ߅޿ߡ 2004 ᐕߦ‫࡯࡛ޔ‬ᭂ߼ߡᄢ߈޿೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎ

ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ᚢ⇛ߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ᦠ߇߹ߣ

ߣࠍ␜ໂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔߪߢ⸃⷗ߩ⑳ޟ‬ਗ߼ࠄࠇ5) ‫⽿ޔ‬છ޽ࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߩߚ߼ߩ⺖㗴╬߇ឭ␜ߐࠇ

ᄖࠇߚ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆਛߢ‫ࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߦߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⠪଻⼔ߥߤ߇฽߹ࠇ

ࠫ࡯ߩ⑼ቇ⊛࡮ᛛⴚ⊛ㅴᱠࠍᱛ߼ࠆߎߣߪ㕖㆏ᓼ⊛ߥࠆ‫┙₺ޔߪߡ޿߅ߦࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔߚ߹ޕ‬දળߣ⧷࿖Ꮏቇ
75

社会技術研究論文集

Vol.4, 75-83, Dec. 2006දળߣ߇ႎ๔ᦠࠍ߹ߣ߼6) ‫ⷙޔ‬೙‫␠ޔ‬ળ࡮୶ℂ⊛໧㗴‫ޔ‬ߩⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠅ‫⺰ߩߟ৻ޔ‬ᢥ߇ⶄᢙߩⷐ⚛ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ

ஜᐽ╬߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀╬ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ 21 ߩ൘๔ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߎޕ‬ߎߣ߽޽ࠅᓧࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ߩ߶߆‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ળ⼏߽ᄙߊ㐿௅ߐࠇ(a) ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ࠍ․ቯߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ
ಽ㘃ߒ‫⺰ߥ߁ࠃߩߤߦ࡯࡝ࠧ࠹ࠞߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ὐߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

߇޽ࠆߩ߆ࠍ᭎ⷰߔࠆ9)10)18)19)20) ‫ޕ‬

1.2(b) ߘߩࠃ߁ߦಽ㘃ߒߚ㓙ߩ৻ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ․ൻߒ‫ޔ‬ߘߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊౝߩ

ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⎇ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ⓥ࡮㐿⊒ߩㅴዷળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߪᭂ߼ߡᄙጘߦᷰߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ⶄߟ߆ޔ‬㔀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬(b1) ⺰ὐߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ߆ࠍ᭎ⷰߔࠆ
8)16)
‫ޕ‬
(b2) ⺰ὐߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺰੎ࠍᢛℂߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ኻ┙ߩේ࿃ࠍಽᨆߒߚࠅߔࠆ13)14) ‫ޕ‬ฦ⺰⠪ߪฦ‫ⷞߩޘ‬ὐ߆ࠄ໧㗴ࠍ⺰ߓࠆ߇‫ߪࠄࠇߘޔ‬ዪ(b3) ⺰ὐߦ㑐ߔࠆᣂߚߥ⍮⷗㧔․ߦᲥᕈቇ⊛ߥ㧕ߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ᰷߽☨ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫␠ߩߘޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰߽ㅴࠎߢ߈ߚ‫⺖ߪߦ⺰⼏ߩߘޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㗴߽޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫␠ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޕ‬ࠍᓧࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᚲ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙߊ‫ోߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬૕௝ࠍᛠីߔࠆߎ

ߪ‫␠ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦߟ޿(b4) ⺰ὐࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߚ߼ߩᕁ⠨㧔․ߦ୶ℂቇ⊛ߥ㧕ߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ7)11)12) ‫ޕ‬(c) ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ࡮৻⥸Ꮢ᳃ߩ෻ᔕ߿ߘߩᄌൻⷐ࿃ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ15)17) ‫ޕ‬ߡ‫ޔ‬᭽‫⺰ߥޘ‬⠪߇ᜬߟ⹺⼂ߩ✚૕ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ‫ࠇߘޔ‬ߥ߅ (b3) ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߚ߼ߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠫ࡯߳ߩੱ૕߳ߩᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ߥ⍮⷗ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆

ߣߪ߆ߥࠅ㔍ߒ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬໧㗴ࠍᄢዪ⊛ߦ⺰ߓࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ႐ว‫⺰ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬⠪߇⸳ቯߔࠆ໧㗴ᢛℂߩᨒ⚵ߺ߇႐ᒰߚࠅ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫⎇ᧄޔߢߎߘޕ‬ⓥߢ

ߦߒߚ⎇ⓥ߇‫ޔ‬කቇ♽࡮⮎ቇ♽ߩࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ

1.3

ᄢ㊂ߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⺰ᢥߩ᭴ᚑߎࠇࠄߩಽ㘃ߩਛߢ‫(ޔ‬a) ߪᦨ߽ၮᧄ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥߔޕ‬╙㧞┨ߢߪ‫␠ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ࠍታ㓙ߦ⚫੺ߒ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩ⼏⺰ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⺖㗴ࠊߜ‫(ޔ‬a) ߦ߅ߌࠆ⍮⷗߇ (b) ߦ߅ߌࠆ୘‫⺰ߩޘ‬ὐࠍ⠨߇޽ࠆߩ߆ࠍౕ૕⊛ߦ⷗ࠆ‫╙ޕ‬㧟┨ߢߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᰳὐࠍኤߔࠆߚ߼ߩಽᨆᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭଏߒᓧࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫⸒ޕ‬⵬߁ߚ߼ߩ໧㗴᭴ㅧൻߩᚻᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫╙ޔߡߒߘޕ‬޿឵߃ࠇ߫‫␠ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߣ޿߁ᝒ㧠┨ߢߪߘߩᚻᴺࠍ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ໧㗴ߦታ㓙ߦ߃ߤߎࠈߩߥ޿߽ߩࠍಽᨆߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ಾࠅญ‫ࠍޠ‬ឭଏߒ‫ߘޔ‬ㆡ↪ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᗧ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫╙ޕ‬㧡┨ߪ߹ߣ߼ߩᓟߩ⼏⺰ߩㅴߺᣇߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ‫(ޔߚ߹ޕ‬a) ߦ߅޿ߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߡߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⍮⷗ࠍᓧߡ߅߆ߥߌࠇ߫‫(ޔ‬c) ߩࠃ߁ߥ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ߽࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ‫ޟ‬૗‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ৻⥸2.

Ꮢ᳃╬ߩ෻ᔕࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߴ߈߆߇ಽ߆ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆᣢሽ⎇ⓥߣߘߩ໧㗴ὐߎߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ๧ߢ (a) ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ⎇ⓥߪᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࡊࠗ࠲ߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣢሽߩ⎇ⓥߦߪᄢ߈ߥ
໧㗴߇޽ࠆ‫ߩ࡞ࡌ࡟ࠆߥ⇣ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬᭎ᔨ߇ᷙ࿷ߒߚ

࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤߦߪ‫ޔ‬ቇಽ㘃ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ⴚ⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿖᡽ᐭ߿ NGO ╬ߦࠃࠆႎ๔ߥߤ߇޽ࠅ‫ߘޔ‬• ✂⟜ᕈߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ߿ะ਄߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬• ಽ㘃ߐࠇߚࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㑆ߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣ߇
࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩᢙߪᓢ‫ߦޘ‬Ⴧടߒߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᄢ߹߆ߥ௑ะࠍ
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Science ߦ߅޿ߡ”nano—”ࠍ฽߻න⺆ (nano, nanotechnology, nanotube, nanorobot, · · ·) ߣ‫”ޔ‬social ߹ߚߪ
societal”ߣߩਔᣇࠍ฽߻⺰ᢥߩ౏⴫ᢙ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦផ
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10 ઙߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2005 ᐕ߹ߢߪߘࠇߙࠇ㗅ߦ
3, 7, 13, 21, 30 ઙߣ‫ޔ‬ᕆㅦߦჇടߒߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ㧔2000 ᐕߩઙᢙ߇⓭಴ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᐕߦ☨࿖ߢ National• ੑὐ⋡ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ‫ోߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬૕௝ࠍᛠីߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣ޿ߞߚ໧㗴߇⊒↢ߒߡߊࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߎߩߎޕ‬ߣࠍౕ૕⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆ‫(ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬a) ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩౖဳ଀
ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Mills et.al. (2005)10) ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥಽ㘃ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬• Medical issues• Privacy issues

Nanotechnology Initiative ߇⸳┙ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߣ㑐ଥ߇޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬• Economic and international issues• Legal issues• Educationߎߩࠃ߁ߥቇⴚ⺰ᢥߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ࠲ࠗࡊߩ߽ߩ
߇฽߹ࠇࠆ (ᔅߕߒ߽൮᜝⊛ߢߪߥ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬એਅߪ⺰ᢥ
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社会技術研究論文集• Health and safety issues

3.

Vol.4, 75-83, Dec. 2006໧㗴᭴ㅧൻᚻᴺߩឭ᩺

ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬೨┨ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊ࠍ〯߹߃‫ࡁ࠽ޔ‬߹ߚ‫ޔߡߒߣ଀ဳౖߩߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬Lewenstein(2005)9)

࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ࠍಽᨆߔࠆᨒ

ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߥಽ㘃ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⚵ߺߩឭ᩺ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߩߘߪߢ┨ᧄޔ‬ᩭߣߥࠆࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕࠍㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬• Environmental issues• Workforce issues• Privacy issues• Human enhancement• Intellectual property issues

3.1

ᣢሽᚻᴺߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯

ᧄ▵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬໧㗴᭴ㅧൻߦ㑐ߔࠆᣢሽ⎇ⓥࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߔ
ࠆ‫౒౏ޔߪߕ߹ޕ‬᡽╷ߩฎౖ⊛ߥᢎ⑼ᦠߢ޽ࠆ Dunn22)ߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬໧㗴᭴ㅧൻ (Problem Structuring) ߩ᭎ᔨߦߎࠇࠄߩಽ㘃ߩਛߦߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᛛⴚಽ㊁‫(ޠ‬medical issues,· · ·), ‫␠ޟ‬ળ߿୘ੱߦߣߞߡߩଔ୯‫(ޠ‬Privacy issues, environmental issues, · · ·), ‫ޟ‬዁᧪ណࠅ߁ࠆࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ‫ޠ‬(Legal issues, Education, · · ·) ߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬3 ⒳㘃ߩ⇣ߥࠆߟ޿ߡ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

(1)

໧㗴᭴ㅧൻ

౏౒᡽╷ߩᛒ߁໧㗴ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬หߓ੐ታ㧔଀߃߫‽⟋߿ⅣႺᳪᨴ߿⽺࿎ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔ⛔⸘ߩᢙሼ߇਄᣹ߒ

᭎ᔨ߇ᷙ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᣢሽߩ⎇ⓥߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁੐ታ㧕߇ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯㑆ߢ߹ߞߚߊ

ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫␠ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ࠍಽᨆߔ㆑ߞߚᒻߢ⸃㉼ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁੐ᘒ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫⊒↢ߔࠆࠆߚ߼ߩ᣿⏕ߥゲ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺ߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ߚ߼‫ޔ‬‫߁޿߁ߤޟ‬໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠇ߫޿޿ߩ߆‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ߹ߚߘߩࠃ߁ߥゲ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⹺⼂߽ߥ߆ߞߚ

ᗧ⷗ኻ┙߇↢ߓࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬᡽╷ಽᨆߩ╙৻Ბ㓏ߣߒࠃ߁ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߡߩ໧㗴᭴ㅧൻ߇㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔ‫ޕ‬໧㗴᭴ㅧൻߣߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᛛⴚಽ㊁‫␠ޟޠ‬ળ߿୘ੱߦߣߞ

ߪ‫ߦ⊛⛯⛮ޔ‬෻ᓳߔࠆ᡽╷ត᳞ߩ৻ዪ㕙ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߒߘޔ‬ߡߩଔ୯‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ੑߟߩゲࠍណ↪ߒ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ࠍಽߡ‫ߡ޿߅ߦߎߘޔ‬ಽᨆ⠪ߪ‫߇࡯࠳࡞ࡎࠢ࡯࠹ࠬࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ᨆߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ว‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩゲࠍㅢߓᜬߟ‫⋧ޔ‬ኻ┙ߔࠆ໧㗴ߩ⻉ቯᑼൻߩ㑆ࠍⴕߞߚࠅ᧪ߚ

ߡ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ࠍᛠីߒ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ၮߠ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬዁᧪ណࠅ߁

ࠅߒߥ߇ࠄត⚝ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ (Problem Structuring...

ࠆࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ‫ࠍޠ‬⠨ኤߔࠆߣ޿߁ᒻߢ‫ޔ‬ਃߟߩ᭎ᔨ߇

ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ᣢሽ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߩㆡಾߥᨒ⚵ߺis a continuously recurring phase of policy inquiry inwhich analysts search among competing problem formulations of di&erent stakeholders22) )‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬೨┨߹ߢߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ߪ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ߦ⋧੕ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߦၮߠߊಽᨆ߇ᗧ⼂⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ⢛᥊ߦߪ‫ޔ‬߹ߚ߇ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫␠ߩߘߚ߹ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀߽ᭂ߼ߡᐢ▸ߢ‫ޟ‬㗔ၞᮮᢿᕈ‫(ޠ‬interdisciplinarity) ߣ޿߁࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠ

޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅ߿ࠬ࠹࡯ࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯ߦࠃߞߡ‫࠽ޔ‬

ࠫ࡯․᦭ߩ੐ᖱ߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޕ‬ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ૗߇໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⹺⼂߇ߪ‫ ߫ߒ߫ߒߪߢ⺆⧷ޔ‬Nanotechnologies ߣ⴫⸥ߐࠇࠆ

ᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠆߎߣߪኈᤃߦᗐ௝ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޕ‬1)ߎߣ߆ࠄ߽ಽ߆ࠆߣ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩಽ㊁ߦ߹ߚ߇ࠆ᭽‫ޘ‬ࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߪ‫ޔ‬໧㗴᭴ㅧൻ߇ᔅⷐߥ໧㗴ߩౖဳߥᛛⴚߩ✚⒓ߢ޽ࠆ (Nanotechnology is by no means⊛ߥ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

one single e&ort. Rather, it is a complex of countless
di&erent projects with a huge variety of goals.7) ; Nanotechnology... is interdisciplinary involving chemistry,
physics, biology, and engineering, and in recent times
toxicology.21) )‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⁁ߩߟ৻ޔ‬ᴫߦኻߔࠆ⹺⼂ߩ઀ᣇ߇ੱߦ
ࠃࠅ᭽‫⁁߁޿ߣࠆ޽ߢޘ‬ᴫࠍ಴⊒ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߩቯᑼൻࠍ౒᦭ߒߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߪ‫౒౏ޔ‬᡽╷ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ᚢ⇛┙᩺ߦ߅޿ߡ߽㊀ⷐⷞߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫࠰ޔ‬ࡈ࠻࡮ࠝࡍ࡟࡯࡚ࠪ࠽࡮࡝ࠨ࡯࠴ (Soft OR) ߣ޿߁ಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᚻᴺ (Problem Structuring Methods;ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ኾ㐷ኅߪ⥄ࠄߩኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߦߪ♖ㅢߒߡPSMs) ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ23) ‫ޕ‬޿ࠆߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ಽ㊁ࠍᮮᢿ⊛ߦᛠីߒ‫ోޔ‬૕௝ࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣ߇㕖Ᏹߦ㔍ߒ޿‫ޕ‬‫ߣޠ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޟ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬Soft OR ߩḮᵹߢ޽ࠆࠝࡍ࡟࡯࡚ࠪ࠽࡞࡮࡝ࠨ࡯

޿߁⸒⪲ߩቯ⟵ߩᦌᤒߐ߇‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ㐿⊒േะߩᛠី‫ޔ‬዁࠴ (OR) ߪ╙ੑᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢਛߦ‫ߦ߆޿ޔ‬ᚢ੎ࠍലᨐ⊛ߦ᧪ߩᛛⴚ㕟ᣂߩ⷗ㅢߒ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀⹏ଔߩਇㅘ᣿ߐߦ

ⴕ߁߆ࠍ⠨߃ࠆਛߢ⧷☨ァߦࠃࠅ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ‫ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޕ‬1)ߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫߁޿ߣ ޠ‬ᜰ៰߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫৻⛔ޔ‬ߢߪ Operational Research, ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪ Operationsߒߚ᣿⏕ߥ↪⺆ߩቯ⟵ߩ㔍ߒߐ߽‫࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬Research ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ‫߇ࠇߘޕ‬ォߓߡ‫ޔ‬ਥߦᢙቇ⊛ߥࠕߩ㗔ၞᮮᢿᕈ߿ో૕௝ᛠីߩ࿎㔍ᕈߩ┵⊛ߥ⴫ࠇߢ޽

ࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦࠃࠅ⚻༡໧㗴ߩᗧᕁ᳿ቯࠍᡰេߔࠆಽ㊁ߣࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ߥߞߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬1960 ᐕઍᓟඨએ㒠‫ߩߎޔ‬વ⛔⊛ OR
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Vol.4, 75-83, Dec. 2006ߦ⸃᳿ߢ߈ߥ޿໧㗴߇⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫ߘޕ‬ᐕߦឭ໒ߒߚ Personal Construct Theory27) ߦ߹ߢ㆚ߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴ߩᜬߟ․ᓽߣߒߡߪ

ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ24) ‫ޕ‬• ੱߦࠃࠅ㆐ᚑߒߚ޿⋡ᮡ߇⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬วᗧ߇ᒻᚑߐ
ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬

3.2• ⸃᳿╷ࠍ⻠ߓߚ⚿ᨐߦਇ⏕ታᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬• ⛘ኻ⊛ߥ⸃᳿╷ߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ឭ᩺ߔࠆᚻᴺએ਄ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍ〯߹߃‫ߪߢ▵ᧄޔ‬ᣂߚߥ໧㗴᭴ㅧ
ൻᚻᴺߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ⠨߃ᣇࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥ⠨ߥߤ߇޽ࠆ25) ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔߡߒߘޕ‬໧㗴ߦኻಣߔࠆߴߊ

߃ᣇࠍ࿑—1 ߦ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਛᄩߩ㔕ߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߩ߽ߩ߇‫ޔ‬↢߹ࠇߚߩ߇ Soft OR ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߦࠃࠅᒁ߈⿠ߎߐࠇࠆ␠ળ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ

(2)

⹺⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊ

ߢ޽ࠆ‫઀ߩ⼂⹺ߩߡ޿ߟߦࠇߎޕ‬ᣇߪੱߦࠃࠅ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬⺕߽ߘߩታᘒࠍ᣿⏕ߦឞࠎߢߪ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡߘߩベ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬໧㗴᭴ㅧൻᚻᴺ (PSMs) ߪᄙߊሽ࿷

ㇳߪᦌᤒߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㔕ߩᲧ༙ࠍ↪޿ߚᚲએߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᄙߊߪੱ‫⁁ߩޘ‬ᴫ⹺⍮ࠍนⷞൻߒߡ⹺⼂ߩ౒᦭ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫▵ᧄޔߢߎߘޕ‬ߘߒߡ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߢߪߎߩᦌᤒߥ߽ߩߦੑߟߩゲ㧔޽ߢߪ⹺⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊߩᚻᴺࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᚻᴺߪ໧㗴᭴ࠆ޿ߪಽᨆߩᨒ⚵ߺ㧕ࠍዉ౉ߒ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ᴪߞߚಾᢿ㕙

ㅧൻᚻᴺߩ޿ߊߟ߆‫ ߦ․ޔ‬SODA(Strategic Optionsࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታᘒࠍᛠីߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ‫৻╙ޕ‬26)

ߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍߩゲߪ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙 (Technological⹺⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊ (Cognitive map) ߣߪ‫⁁ࠆ޽߇ޘੱޔ‬ᴫߦ㑐ߒߡ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ࠆ੐ᨩ߿ߘࠇࠄߩ㑆ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ

aspects) ߢ޽ࠅ‫╙ޔ‬ੑߩゲߪ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߩ஥㕙 (Socal
value aspects) ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨┨ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ࡁࡠࠫߪ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ߩᛛⴚߩ✚⒓ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߩ৻╙ޔ‬ゲ࿑␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⹺ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊߣߪ⸒⪲ߪ‫ࠅࠃߦ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ᒁ߈⿠ߎߐࠇࠆ᭽‫␠ߥޘ‬ߣ⍫ශߣ߆ࠄߥࠆ࠳ࠗࠕࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠅ‫߿ࠕࠖ࠺ࠗࠕޔ‬ળ⊛⁁ᴫᄌൻࠍ‫ߩߤޔ‬ᛛⴚಽ㊁ߦኻᔕߒߚ⁁ᴫߩᄌൻⴕὑ߇࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߦࠃߞߡ੕޿ߦ⍫ශߦࠃߞߡ࡝ࡦࠢߐ

߆ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄಽ㘃ߔࠆߚ߼ߩゲߢ޽ࠆ‫╙ޕ‬ੑߩゲࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬⍫ශߪ‫ߟ৻ߡߒߦ߁ࠃߩߤޟ‬ߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫␠ߥޘ‬ળ⊛⁁ᴫᄌൻࠍ‫␠ߩߤޔ‬ળ⊛ଔ୯ߦ㑐ଥߩࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕ߿ⴕὑ߇೎ߩ߽ߩࠍ↢ߓߐߖࠆ߆‫⴫ࠍޠ‬ߒߚᄌൻ߆ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄಽ㘃ߔࠆߚ߼ߩゲߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Development and Analysis)ᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

24)

ߒߡ޿ࠆ

ߎࠇࠄߦߟ޿ߡ߽߁ዋߒ⹦ߒߊ⺑᣿ߔࠆ‫ޔߕ߹ޕ‬ᛛ‫ߪࠣࡦࡇ࠶ࡑߚߒ߁ߎޔߡߒߘޕ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ⴚ⊛஥㕙ߦߟ޿ߡߪ

ߥ႐วߦ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧦ᦨᓟߩ㧡ὐ⋡ߩ㗄⋡ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬૗• ࠽ࡁ᧚ᢱᛛⴚ (nanomaterial technologies)• 㔚ሶᎿቇᛛⴚ (electronic technologies)• ක≮ᛛⴚ (medical technologies)• ⅣႺᛛⴚ (environmental technologies)• ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚ (energy processing technologies)• ⥶ⓨ࡮ቝቮᛛⴚ (aeronautical and aerospace technologies)

߆‛੐ࠍℂ⸃ߒߚ޿ߣ߈‫ߪߣࠇߘޔ‬೎ߩ‛੐ߣኻᲧߒ

ߥߤߩ஥㕙߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ9)10)18)19)20) ‫␠ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ળ⊛ଔߡ⠨߃ߚᣇ߇ℂ⸃߇ኈᤃߥ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫⹺ޕ‬⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊߢߪ

୯ߩ஥㕙ߦߟ޿ߡߪ

• ઀੐߿⑳↢ᵴߦ߅޿ߡ‫᦭ޔ‬ലߥᚢ⇛ࠍ┙ߡߚ޿႐ว‫ޕ‬• ⺑ᓧജ޽ࠆ⼏⺰ࠍⴕ޿ߚ޿႐ว‫ޕ‬• ⺰ℂ⊛ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍߒߚ޿႐ว‫ޕ‬• ኻ┙ࠍℂ⸃ߒߚࠅࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߒߚࠅߔࠆ႐ว‫ޕ‬• ޽ࠆ⁁ᴫࠍ‫ߣ߈ߣߚߞ߆ߥࠄߎ⿠߇ࠇߘޔ‬ኻᲧߒߚ߶߁߇ℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔ޿႐ว‫ޕ‬⃻ታߦ⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆ⃻⽎ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ (A) ߣหᤨߦ‫⃻ޔ‬ࠫ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹺⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊ߇␜ߐࠇࠆ߇‫߽ߡ޿߅ߦߎߘޔ‬• ࿖ኅ቟ో଻㓚 (national security)• ᴦ቟ (social security)• ஜᐽ (human health)• ࿖㓙⊛ߥᱜ⟵ (global justice)• ⍮⊛⽷↥଻⼔ (property right protection)• ⚻ᷣ⊛೑⋉ (economic benefit)• ⥄ὼⅣႺ (natural environment)• ੱ 㑆 ߩ ⻉ ⢻ ജ ะ ਄ (Enhanced human performance)੕޿ߦ⍦⋫ߔࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ৻ᨎߩࡑ࠶ࡊߦ⴫␜ߔࠆߎ

ߥߤ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ7)28) ‫ᤨ⃻ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ὐߢߪ㒢ࠄࠇߚߣߢ‫ࠍࡊ࠶ࡖࠡߩ⼂⹺ޔ‬᣿␜ൻߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᢥ₂⺞ᩏࠍ߽ߣߦ㗄⋡ࠍ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠕ࠶ࡊߒߡ޿ࠆߦㆊ߉

ߥ߅‫⹺ޔ‬⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊߩᱧผߪ‫ߩࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔ‬ಽᨆືቇ⠪ߕ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߪਔᣇߩゲߦ㑐ߒߡ✂⟜ᕈࠍ㜞߼ߡ޿ߊᔅⷐSteven Toulmin(1948) ߩᔃℂቇ⺰ᢥ’Covnitive Maps
in Mice and Men’ ߿‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ⠪ George Kelly ߇ 1955߇޽ࠆ㧔ᧄ⺰ᢥߪ൮᜝ᕈࠍ⋡ᜰߔࠃࠅ߽߻ߒࠈ‫ޔ‬ಽᨆታߦߪ⿠ߎࠄߥ߆ߞߚ⃻⽎ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ (B) ߽ᦠ߈ㄟ߻
ߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫(ޕ‬B) ߹ߢ߽࿑␜ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫(ޔ‬A) ߩ૏⟎ߠߌࠍࠃࠅࠃߊℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇߪ‫ޔ‬㧠ὐ⋡ߩ㗄⋡ߣ߽ㅢߓࠆ‫߇ੱࠆߥ⇣ޕ‬ኻ┙ߔࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᕁ޿ឬ޿ߡ޿ߚ႐ว‫ࠍࠄࠇߘޔ‬หᤨߦ⹺⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊߦ⴫⃻ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ߩ㆑޿ࠍࠃࠅ᣿⏕ߦ⹺⼂ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴ┨ߢߪ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠ

ᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߎߣߦਥ⌒ࠍ⟎޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬78

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Vol.4, 75-83, Dec. 2006╙㧞┨ߢ⚫੺ߒߚᣢሽߩ⎇ⓥߣ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ಽ㘃ߩ᭎ᔨ߇ߊหߓᖱႎ㊂ࠍᜬߟߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠆ㧔ℂ⺰⊛ߣߪ‫ޔ‬෺᣿⏕ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧔ߤߜࠄߩゲ߽ߘࠇߙࠇ‫ޔ‬หߓ࡟ࡌ࡞ᣇߩゲߦ߅޿ߡ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠕ࠶ࡊߐࠇߚฦ஥㕙ߦṳࠇ߇ήߩ᭎ᔨߩߺ߇ਗ೉ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫⟜✂ޔ‬ᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣߪ

ߌࠇ߫ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬Ყセ⊛ኈᤃߥߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑—1 ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᳓ᐔᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߩ஥㕙ߩਛ߆ࠄ․ቯߩ৻ߟࠍㆬ߱ߎߣࠍᗧ
๧ߔࠆ㧔଀߃߫‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ‫ࠆߔߣߛޠ‬㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ಾᢿ㕙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙߇⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ‫␠߁޿ߣޠ‬ળ⊛ଔ୯߇‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙ߣ߆߆ࠊࠅࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬ಾᢿ㕙ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ࡁ࠽ޔ‬

Fig. 2 ෺ኻᕈ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩฦᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙߇‫ޟߡߒߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ஜᐽ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ଔ୯ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߩ߆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ‫ߩߘޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩ⹺ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ෺ኻᕈࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣߦߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁

⼂ߩ઀ᣇߪੱߦࠃߞߡߎߣߥࠆ߇‫৻ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᨎߩ⹺⍮ߥࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇޽ࠆ㧦ࡑ࠶ࡊߦ⴫ߒ‫ޔ‬⍦⋫ߒߡ޿ࠆ▎ᚲߪ⍦⋫ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ

• ৻ᣇߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ෼㓸ߒߚᖱႎ㧔଀߃߫␠ળ⊛ଔ୯Ფߦ෼㓸ߒߚᖱႎ㧕ࠍ೎ߩⷰὐ㧔ᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙㧕ߦࠍ᣿␜ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ࠆ޽߇߈ߟࠄ߫ߩ⼂⹺ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ߩ߆߇⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄌ឵ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈‫ࠅࠃߦࠇߎޔ‬ᖱႎߩ෼㓸ല₸ᰴߦ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿑ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᳓ᐔᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩะ਄߇⷗ㄟ߼ࠆ‫␠ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ળ⊛ଔ୯Ფߦ⁁ߎࠇߪ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙ߩਛ߆ࠄ․ቯߩ৻ߟࠍㆬ߱ߎߣࠍ

ᴫࠍᝒ߃ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆੱ߽޿ࠇ߫㧔৻⥸Ꮢ᳃߿␠ળ

ᗧ๧ߔࠆ㧔଀߃߫‫ޟ‬ක≮ᛛⴚ‫ࠆߔߣߛޠ‬㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ಾᢿ㕙⑼ቇ⊛ᕁ⠨ࠍߔࠆੱߪߘߩ௑ะ߇ᒝ޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ

ߦߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫␠ߥޘ‬ળ⊛ଔ୯ߩ஥㕙߇⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬޿㧕‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᲤߦ⁁ᴫࠍᝒ߃ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆੱ㧔ᛛⴚ⠪ಾᢿ㕙ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ක≮ᛛⴚ‫߇ޠ‬᭽‫␠ߥޘ‬ળ⊛ଔ୯ߦߪߘߩ௑ะ߇ᒝ޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧕߽޿ࠆߛࠈ߁߇‫ޔ‬ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ߆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ⠨߃ࠆ

ᧄᚻᴺߦࠃࠇ߫‫߽ߦࡊࠗ࠲ߩࠄߜߤޔ‬ኻᔕߒߚᖱ

ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ႎ෼㓸߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬• ਄⸥ߩੑߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩੱߩ㑆ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪ

ߥ߅‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ␠ળߣߒߡ
ណࠆߴ߈ⴕേ㧔଀߃߫ⷙ೙ߩ޽ࠅᣇ㧕ߣߘߩᏫ⚿ߦ㑐ࡦߩᇦ૕ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔࠆ⹺⼂߽‫ޔ‬หᤨߦ⴫⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬• ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߩ⻉஥㕙㑆ߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߩᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙ࠍㅢߓߡℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ㅒߦ‫ޔ‬ᛛએ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩゲࠍ↪޿ߡ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠ
ࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ࠍᝒ߃ࠆߣ޿߁ὐ߇‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߩࠕࠗⴚ⊛⻉஥㕙㑆ߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߩ஥࠺ࠖࠕߩᩭᔃߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㕙ࠍㅢߓߡℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫࠽ޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߩో૕௝ࠍᛠីߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬

3.3

ᧄᚻᴺߩᣇᴺ⺰⊛․⦡ᧄ⎇ⓥߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⹺ޔ‬⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊࠍ↪޿ߡ໧㗴᭴ㅧൻࠍⴕ
߁ᚻᴺߪᄙ޿‫┨ᧄޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬㧔㧝㧕ߢ⸅ࠇߚ Soft OR ߩ
৻ᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ SODA ߪߘߩౖဳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬SODAߪ޽ࠄࠁࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ৻ᨎߩ࿑ߦ⴫ߘ߁ߣߔࠆߚ߼‫ᧄޔ‬
ᚻᴺߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢ᭴ㅧൻ࡮ᢛℂߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐࠍ಴ߔߎߣ
ߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ട⮮ઁ29) ߪᐢၞ੤ㅢ᡽╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴᭴ㅧൻ
Fig. 1 ໧㗴ߩಽᨆᨒ⚵ߩᮨᑼ࿑ࠍⴕ߁ߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬㑐ଥࠕࠢ࠲࡯㧔࿾ਅ㋕੐ᬺ⠪‫ޔ‬㋕㆏੐ᬺ⠪‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕‫ࠬࡃޔ‬੐ᬺ⠪‫ޔ‬ਛᄩ⋭ᐡ㆏〝ⴕ᡽ᜂᒰㇱዪߥߤ㧕ߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬ฦࠕࠢߎ߁ߒߚੑᰴర⊛ߥಽᨆߩᦨᄢߩ․ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬෺ኻᕈߢ࠲࡯ߏߣߩ⹺⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ኻ⽎޽ࠆ㧔࿑—2㧕‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬᳓ᐔᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ࿃ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߦ৻ߟߩゲࠍዉ౉ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ゲߩ޿ࠈ޿ᨐ㑐ଥߩ⹺⼂ࠍ㓸߼ߚ߽ߩߣ‫ޔ‬㋦⋥ᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙ߦ⃻ࠈߥ஥㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆಾᢿ㕙ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆߎߣࠇࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩ⹺⼂ࠍ㓸߼ߚ߽ߩߣߪ‫ޔ‬ℂ⺰⊛ߦߪో߇ߢ߈‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߣㅢߓࠆㇱಽ߇޽ࠆ‫ߦߎߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬79

社会技術研究論文集

Vol.4, 75-83, Dec. 2006ߣ޿߁ଔ୯ߩ஥㕙ߣ‫ޟ‬࿖ኅ቟ో଻㓚‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ଔ୯ߩ஥߅޿ߡ߽‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥ߇ឭ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߥ‫ޟ‬෺ኻᕈ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㕙ߣߪ‫”ޔ‬Water purificaiton of industrial wastewater,᭎ᔨߪᛒࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ὐߦ‫ޔ‬㆑޿߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

4.

exhausted gas, soils etc.”ߣ޿߁ᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙ࠍᇦ૕ߣߒ
ߡ‫⋧ޔ‬੕ߦ㑐ଥߒวߞߡ޿ࠆ‫╙ޕ‬㧟┨㧔㧞㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ෺

ឭ᩺ᚻᴺߩ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯߳ߩㆡ↪

ኻᕈࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻ࠍ೉᜼ߒߚ߇‫߁ߩߘޔ‬ᧄ┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬೨┨ߢឭ᩺ߒߚಽᨆᨒ⚵ࠍታ㓙ߦ࠽ࡁ࠹ߜߩਃὐ⋡㧔␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߩ⻉஥㕙㑆ߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ໧㗴ߦㆡ↪ߒ‫⹺ޔ‬⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߩᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙ࠍㅢߓߡℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧕ߪ‫ߎޔ‬޿ߢ‫ߩ࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽߇ࠇߎޔ‬ಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ

ߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ⏕߆߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬㋦⋥ᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙ߩ࿑ߩ⷗ᣇࠍ‫ޔ‬࿑—8 ࠍ଀ߣ߁ߥᗧ⟵ࠍᜬߜ߁ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒߡ⺑᣿ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿑ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬4.1

ߦࠃࠆක≮ᛛⴚ߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯㧔ᄥ✢ߩ྾ⷺ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯߳ߩㆡ↪

╙㧞┨ߩ (a)㨪(c) ߢᒁ↪ߒߚᢥ₂╬ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ฦಾߢ࿐߹ࠇߚⷐ⚛㧕ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ᭽ሶ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢿ㕙ߦߟ޿ߡ᭽‫⺰ߥޘ‬⠪߇ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ⹺⍮ߎߎߦ߅޿ߡ⌕⋡ߔࠆߴ߈ߎߣߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿑ߩਛߦⶄᢙ

ࡑ࠶ࡊߩᒻߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ߜ߁ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬ਥⷐߥ଀ࠍ࿑—3ߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߩ஥㕙߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬

߆ࠄ࿑—10 ߦ␜ߔ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬᳓ᐔᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙㧔․ቯ

ߟߩᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆಾᢿ㕙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫␠ߥޘ‬ળ⊛ଔߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߦ߅ߌࠆಾᢿ㕙㧕߇࿑—3 ߆ࠄ࿑—7 ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬୯ߩ஥㕙߇⃻ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߎ߁ߒߡ⏕߆߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿑ߦ⴫ࠇࠆⶄᢙߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߪ‫ޔ‬ක≮ᛛ㋦⋥ᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙㧔․ቯߩᛛⴚߦ߅ߌࠆಾᢿ㕙㧕߇࿑—8ⴚߣ޿߁ᛛⴚߩ஥㕙ࠍㅢߓߡ੕޿ߦ㑐ㅪߒวߞߡ޿ࠆ

߆ࠄ࿑—10 ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߣ߽⏕߆߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄߩ࿑ߩ⷗ᣇߪᰴߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥᱜ⟵ߦ㑐ߔࠆಾᢿ㕙ߢ޽ࠆ࿑—7 ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ⷐߥޘ‬⚛߆ࠄ”Benefits for developing countires”߳ߣ‫ߘߚ߹ޔ‬ߎ߆ࠄ”Eradication of thrird world poverty”߳ߣ⍫ශ߇ะ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫߇࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᣇะ߆ࠄ⊒ዷㅜ਄࿖ߦ೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ‫⽺ࠅࠃߦࠇߘޔ‬࿎߇೥ᷫߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁⹺⼂ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆੱ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣࠍ
ᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ‫”ޔ‬Reinforcement of global inequalities
between rich and poor”ߦ⍫ශ߇ะ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠇߎޕ‬ߪ‫߇࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ᩰᏅࠍㅒߦഥ㐳ߔࠆߣ޿߁⹺
⼂ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆੱ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬⋧ኻ┙ߔࠆ⹺⼂߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿␜ߔࠆߚ߼”In contrast
to”ߣ⴫␜ߒߡ޽ࠆ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬⍫ශߩਅᵹߦߪ‫ߘޔ‬ߩಾᢿ㕙ߦ㑐ଥߒߚଔ୯ߦߟ޿ߡߩⷐ⚛߇⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

Fig. 3 ⥄ὼⅣႺߎߎߢ⌕⋡ߔࠆߴ߈ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬⍫ශߩ਄ᵹ஥ߦߪⶄᢙ ߩ ᛛ ⴚ ⊛ ஥ 㕙 ߇ ⃻ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߣ ޿ ߁ ὐ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫଀ޕ‬߃ ߫”Energy storage, production and conversion

technologies”ߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚߦ‫”ߚ߹ޔ‬Better andcheaper disease diagnostics for people and crops”ߪ

4.2

⵬⿷

ක≮ᛛⴚߦ‫”ߚ߹ޔ‬Water purification technology”ߪ࠽એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ‫⺰ᧄޔ‬ᢥߢឭ᩺ߒߚᚻᴺࠍታ㓙ߦࡁ᧚ᢱᛛⴚߦዻߔࠆ‫╙ޕ‬㧟┨㧔㧞㧕ߢ‫␠ߩߟ৻ޔ‬ળ⊛࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ߦㆡ↪ߔଔ୯ߦ߅ߌࠆಾᢿ㕙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙߇ߤߩࠃࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ߩ⼂⹺ߩޘੱޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬㆑޿ࠍ⴫߁ߦߘߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩ࿃ᨐ

⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚ‫ߦߣߎߩߘޔߪߢ▵ᧄޕ‬㑐㑐ଥ߇⃻ࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⺑᣿ߒߚ߇‫ߡߒ߁ߎߪߣߎߩߘޔ‬ߒߡ߽߁ዋߒ⹦ߒ޿⵬⿷ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬⏕߆߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬╙㧞┨ߢㅀߴߚߎߣߣ৻ㇱ㊀ⶄߔࠆ߇‫ࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ߥ߅‫ߩߎޔ‬࿑—7 ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬⍫ශߩਅᵹߦࠣ࡟࡯ߢ

ࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆੱ‫ߩ⼂⹺ߩޘ‬㆑޿ߣߒߡ

⭯ߊ⴫␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆⷐ⚛߇޽ࠆ㧔଀߃߫”Environmenalߪ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ᰴߩ྾ὐࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁㧦protection”)‫߇⚛ⷐߩߎޔߪࠇߎޕ‬೎ߩ᳓ᐔᣇะߩಾᢿ
㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ⹤㗴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫ޔ‬࿑—3 ߦ߅(a) ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩቯ⟵߇ੱߦࠃࠅ⇣ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬(b) ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ࠍಽ㘃ߔࠆᣇᴺ߇

޿ߡߪ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕࠆ޿ߡࠇ⃻߇⚛ⷐߩߎޔ‬‫⥄ޟ‬ὼⅣႺ‫ޠ‬
80ੱߦࠃࠅ⇣ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬社会技術研究論文集

Vol.4, 75-83, Dec. 2006

Fig. 4 ࿖ኅ቟ో଻㓚
Fig. 6 ஜᐽ

Fig. 7 ࿖㓙⊛ߥᱜ⟵

Fig. 5 ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯(c) ዁᧪ߦ૗߇⿠ߎࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩ⹺⼂߇ੱߦࠃࠅ⇣ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬(d) ዁᧪ߦߤ߁޿߁ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦࠍណࠆ߆ߦ㑐ߔࠆㆬᅢ߇ੱߦࠃࠅߎߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄߩ㆑޿ߪ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߢឭ᩺ߒߚಽᨆᨒ⚵ߺߦ߅޿ߡߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆ㧦(a0 ) ੱߦࠃࠅᗐቯߒߡ޿ࠆᛛⴚ⊛஥㕙߇⇣ߥࠆ㧔⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ࠆ㋦⋥ᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙ߩ࠮࠶࠻߇ੱߦࠃࠅ⇣Fig. 8 ක≮ᛛⴚߥࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬0(b ) ੱߦࠃࠅ‫ߩߤޔ‬᳓ᐔᣇะߩಾᢿ㕙ࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆߇⇣ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬(c0 ) ੱߦࠃࠅฦಾᢿ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩ⹺⼂߇⇣ߥ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬

5.

߹ߣ߼ߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴(d0 ) ੱߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦಾᢿ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩਛߦ౉ࠆ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ߇⇣ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠅ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦⶄ㔀ߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߎߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬⒳㘃ߩ⹺⼂ߩ㆑޿ࠍ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺰ᢥࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩᨒ⚵ߺߢߪߎߩⶄ

ߢឭ᩺ߒߚಽᨆᨒ⚵ߩਛߢ⴫⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㔀ߥ໧㗴ࠍචಽߦᛒ߃ߥ޿ߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬෺ኻᕈ‫ߣޠ‬࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߦߪ᭽‫޽߇⚛ⷐߥޘ‬81

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Vol.4, 75-83, Dec. 2006
╙ੑߦ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߪ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽໧㗴᭴ㅧൻߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᖱႎ෼㓸ߪᢥ₂⺞ᩏߩߺߦၮߠߊ㒢ቯ⊛ߥ߽ߩߦߥࠄߑࠆࠍᓧߥ߆ߞ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߪࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎߩ൮᜝ᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖߡࠁߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ਃߦ‫⺰ᧄޔ‬ᢥߢឭ᩺ߒߚᚻᴺߪ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽໧㗴᭴ㅧൻߩߚ߼ߩᚻᴺߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᗧ⷗ኻ┙߇޽ࠆਛߢᗧᕁ᳿
ቯࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߹ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᡰេߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᗧᕁ᳿ቯߩ໧㗴ࠍ޿߆ߦᛒ߁߆ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߦᱷߐࠇߚ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫⺰ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᢥਛߢ␜ߒߚ⻉ಾᢿ㕙ߩ㑆ߩఝవ㗅

Fig. 9 ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚ

૏ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇‫৻╙ߩߘޔ‬ᱠߢ޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬⻢ㄉ㧦 ᧄ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ⴕ┙⁛ޔ‬᡽ᴺੱ‫᧚࡮⾰‛ޓ‬ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ߩ┻᧛⺈ᵗ᳁ߦߪᖱႎߩߏឭଏ╬ࠍㅢߓߡᄢ
ᄌ߅਎⹤ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㔚ജਛᄩ⎇ⓥᚲߩ㋈ᧁ㆐
ᴦ㇢᳁‫᧲ޔ‬੩ᄢቇᴺቇㇱߩၔጊ⧷᣿ᢎ᝼‫᧚࡮⾰‛ޔ‬ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ߩ౓㗡⍮᣿᳁‫ޔ‬University of Twente (The Nether-lands) ߩ Arie Rip ᢎ᝼‫ޔ‬National Sciene Foundation(USA) ߩ Mihail Roco ᳁‫ޔ‬Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry (France) ߩ Francoise Roure ᳁ߦߪ‫ᧄޔ‬⎇ⓥߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ⾆㊀ߥࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ㗂ᚬߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߎޕ‬ࠇࠄߩᣇ‫ߦޘ‬ᔃࠃࠅᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
Fig. 10 㔚ሶᎿቇᛛⴚ

޿߁․ᓽࠍᜬߟᣂߚߥಽᨆᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ታ㓙ߦߘߩಽᨆᨒ⚵ߺࠍ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦㆡ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ᚻᴺߩࡈࠖ࡯ࠫࡆ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᧄᚻᴺߪ‫ߩ⼂⹺ߩޘੱޔ‬㆑޿ࠍ਄ᚻߊ⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆߣ
޿߁․ᓽࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬໧㗴᭴ㅧൻߩ㆏ౕ
ߣߒߡߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ߩࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠤ࠾ࡘࡒࠦࠢࠬ࡝ޔ‬㆏ౕߣߒߡ߽೑↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ⶄޔߪ߃ߣߚޕ‬ᢙߩੱߚߜ߇੕޿ߦ⇣ߥߞߚ࡝ࠬࠢ⹺⼂ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬߅੕޿߇ߤ߁޿߁૏⟎ߦ޽ࠆߩ߆ࠍߎߩᚻᴺࠍ߽ߣߦ⏕⹺ߒ޽߁ߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬⹺⼂ࠍᜬߟੱߚߜߩ㑆ߢ⼏⺰ࠍߔࠆ㓙ߩ࿯บߣߒߡߩ
ᓎഀࠍ‫ᧄޔ‬ᚻᴺߦᦼᓙߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࡁ࠽ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂ࠍᜬߚߥ޿ੱ߳ߩᖱႎવ㆐
ߩ㆏ౕߣߒߡ߽೑↪น⢻ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔߦ৻╙ޔ‬ੑߟߩゲߛߌߢߪ⴫
⃻ߒ߈ࠇߥ޿੐⽎ࠍߤ߁ᛒ߁߆ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬଀߃߫‫⹺ޔ‬⍮ࡑ࠶ࡊ߇ᤨ㑆ߣߣ߽ߦᄌൻߒߡࠁߊ᭽ሶ
ࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩᣇᴺߢߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬
ᚻᴺߢᛒߞߚੑゲએᄖߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥゲ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߩ
߆ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬821) ㋈ᧁ㆐ᴦ㇢࡮᧻᧛ືᄦ࡮ᧁ᧛ቿ࡮਄㊁⾆ᒄ㧦࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁ
ࡠࠫ࡯⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߣ␠ળ⊛ᓇ㗀⹏ଔ—ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺖㗴ߣࠊ߇࿖ߦߣߞߡߩ␜ໂ—㧘㔚ജਛᄩ⎇ⓥᚲႎ
๔㧘2006㧚
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STRUCTURING SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIESYoshinori NAKAGAWA1
1

Research Associate, Dr. Eng. The University of Tokyo

Nanotechnology is expected to have a big positive impact on society, but at the same time there are big
concerns about its negative impacts. In the present paper, firstly I clarify the characteristic of the problem
of social implications of nanotechnology, and at the same time I will imply that existing frameworks are
not enough to successfully deal with this complex problem. Secondly, I will propose a new framework toanalyse this problem. Then finally I will apply this new framework to the problem of nanotechnology,
and show its feasibility. There is a possibility that it will serve as a common ground for discussion amongpeople with di&erent recognitions.
Key W ords : Nanotechnology, Problem structuring

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