㻌㻌㻌㻌➨䠍䠌ᅇప ᕤᏛ䞉㉸ఏᑟⱝᡭྜྠㅮ₇఍㻌
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୺ദ䠖㻌 䠄♫䠅పᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌ඹദ䠖㻌 ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍䠍䠐䠒ጤဨ఍㻌 ㏻ಙ䞉᝟ሗฎ⌮ศ⛉఍㻌䠄♫䠅᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍㻌 ኱㜰ᨭ㒊㻌༠㈶䠖㻌 䠄♫䠅ᛂ⏝≀⌮Ꮫ఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌䠄♫䠅᪥ᮏ┿✵༠఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌᪥᫬䠖㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻝ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻞᪥㻔㔠㻕㻌 㻌 㻝㻜᫬㻝㻡ศ䡚㻝㻢᫬㻠㻜ศ㻌ሙᡤ䠖㻌 ኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫᩥ໬஺ὶ䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌 ኱䝉䝭䝘䞊ᐊ㻌➨䠍䠌ᅇప

ᕤᏛ䞉㉸ఏᑟⱝᡭྜྠㅮ₇఍䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮㻌㻌୺ദ䠖㻔♫㻕ప ᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㛵すᨭ㒊㻌ඹദ䠖᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍䠍䠐䠒ጤဨ఍㻌 ㏻ಙ䞉᝟ሗฎ⌮ศ⛉఍㻌㻔♫㻕᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍㻌 ኱㜰ᨭ㒊㻌༠㈶䠖㻔♫㻕ᛂ⏝≀⌮Ꮫ఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌㻔♫㻕᪥ᮏ┿✵༠఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌᪥᫬䠖㻞㻜㻝㻝ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻞᪥㻔㔠㻕㻌 㻌 㻝㻜᫬㻝㻡ศ䡚㻝㻢᫬㻠㻜ศ㻌ሙᡤ䠖኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫᩥ໬஺ὶ䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌 ኱䝉䝭䝘䞊ᐊ㻌ᢸᙜᖿ஦䠖㻌 ᶓᒣ㻌 ᙲ୍䠄୕⳻㟁ᶵ䞞䠅䚸㕥ᮌ㻌 ᐇ䠄ி㒔኱Ꮫ䠅䚸⟍㻌 ⰾ἞䠄኱㜰ᗓ❧⏘ᢏ◊䠅㻌㻌䠷䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䠹㻌
㻝㻜㻦㻝㻡㻙㻝㻜㻦㻞㻜㻌 㛤఍ᣵᣜ㻌 ኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫ㻌 ⏿㻌 ᚭ㻌㻌㻝㻜㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻜㻦㻠㻜㻌 䛂䝖䝸䝥䝺䝑䝖㉸ఏᑟయ୰䛾୍ᑐ䛾༙ᩚᩘ㔞Ꮚ☢᮰࿘䜚䛾‽⢏Ꮚᵓ㐀䛸䝇䝢䞁☢Ẽᵓ㐀䛃㻌㻭኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䚸㻮㻯㻾㻱㻿㼀㻙㻶㻿㼀䚸㻯㼁㻿㻯㻌㻭㻘㻮୹⩚㻌 ♸ᖹ䠄䠠䠎䠅䚸㻭㻘㻮ຍ⸨㻌 ຾䚸㻯┿ᮌ㻌 ࿴⨾㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻌㻌㻝㻜㻦㻠㻜㻙㻝㻝㻦㻜㻜㻌 䛂㻰㼕㼞㼑㼏㼠㻌㼕㼙㼍㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼒㻌㼢㼛㼞㼠㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼍㻌㼟㼝㼡㼍㼞㼑㻌㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼏㼛㼚㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻹㼛㻳㼑㻌㼚㼑㼠㼣㼛㼞㼗㼟䛃㻌㻭኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䚸㻮⛅⏣኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉䚸㻌㻯኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ䝘䝜⛉Ꮫ䞉ᮦᩱ◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊䚸㻌䠠኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ䝘䝜䝣䜯䝤䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁◊✲ᡤ㻌㻭㻴㼛㻌㼀㼔㼍㼚㼔㻌㻴㼡㼥䠄䠠䠎䠅䚸䠞ᯘ㻌 ṇᙪ䚸䠟䚸䠠ᅄ㇂㻌 ௵䚸㻭㻘䠠ຍ⸨㻌 ຾䚸㻭㻘䠠▼⏣㻌 Ṋ࿴㻌㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻟㻌㻌㻝㻝㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻝㻦㻞㻜㻌 䛂㉸ᚤ⣽㉸ఏᑟ⥺᣺ືᏊ䛻䜘䜛㉸ὶື䝦䝸䜴䝮୰䛾㔞Ꮚ ᳨ฟ䛃㻌኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉㻌Ọྜ㻌 ♸㍜䠄≉௵ຓᩍ䠅䚸⧊⏣㻌 ៅᖹ䚸ஂಖ㻌 ༤ྐ䚸すᔱ㻌 㝧䚸ᑠཎ㻌 㢧䚸▮㔝㻌 ⱥ㞝䚸㻌▼ᕝ㻌 ಟභ䚸⏿㻌 ᚭ㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻡㻌㻌㻝㻝㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻝㻦㻠㻜㻌 䛂㻮㼕㻞㻿㼞㻞㻯㼍㻯㼡㻞㻻㻤㻗䃓ᅛ᭷䝆䝵䝉䝣䝋䞁᥋ྜ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝔䝷䝦䝹䝒Ἴບ㉳䛾㟁ᴟ䛻䜘䜛ไᚚ䛃㻌ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻌኱ྥ㻌 ຬኴ䠄䠩䠎䠅䚸᥃㇂㻌 ୍ᘯ䚸㕥ᮌ㻌 ᐇ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻣㻌㻌㻝㻝䠖㻠㻜㻙㻝㻞㻦㻜㻜㻌 䛂ேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ䛻䜘䜛㔜䛔㟁Ꮚ⣔㉸ఏᑟ䛾䠎ḟඖ㛢䛨㎸䜑䛃㻌䠝ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉䚸䠞ி㒔኱Ꮫప ≀㉁⛉Ꮫ◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊䚸㻌䠟ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉䚸䠆኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䠄⌧ᡤᒓ䠅㻌㻭㻘㻮䚸䠆᏷ᡞ㻌 ᐶ᫂䠄ຓᩍ䠅䚸䠝Ỉୖ㻌 㞝ኴ䚸䠝Ⱚෆ㻌 Ꮥ⚞䚸䠝ୗ⃝㻌 㞞᫂䚸䠝Ᏻᮏ㻌 ᬛྖ䚸㻌䠝Ώ㑔㻌 ኱ᶞ䚸䠝ᒣୗ㻌 ✨䚸䠝ụ⏣㻌 ᾈ❶䚸䠞ᑎᔱ㻌 Ꮥோ䚸䠟⤃㇂㻌 ᾈ䚸䠝ᯇ⏣㻌 ♸ྖ㻌㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻥㻌㻌㻝㻞㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻟㻦㻜㻜㻌 ᫨㣗ఇ᠁㻌㻌㻝㻟㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻟㻦㻞㻜㻌 䠄≉ูㅮ₇䠅䛂䠍䠑䠌䡉⣭䠬䠨䠠䠉䠣䡀䠞䠟䠫⥺ᮦ䛾㛤Ⓨ䛃㻌ఫ཭㟁Ẽᕤᴗ䞞㻌 䝟䝽䞊䝅䝇䝔䝮◊✲ᡤ㻌 ḟୡ௦㉸㟁ᑟ㛤Ⓨᐊ㻌ᒣཱྀ㻌 㧗ྐ䚸᪂ᾏ㻌 ඃᶞ䚸ᑠす㻌 ᫀஓ䚸኱ᯇ㻌 ୍ஓ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻝㻌i㻝㻟㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻟㻦㻠㻜㻌 䛂㻭㻯㻌㼘㼛㼟㼟㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼍㼏㼠㼑㼞㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼏㼛㼚㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼙㼕㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㼏㼍㼎㼘㼑㼟㻌㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼑㼐㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼚㼛㼢㼑㼘㻌㼚㼍㼞㼞㼛㼣㻌㻞㻌㼙㼙㻌㼏㼛㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼏㼛㼚㼐㼡㼏㼠㼛㼞㼟䛃㻌ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻌ᮤ㻌 ඲䠄䠬䡄䠊䠠䠅䚸㞵ᐑ㻌 ᑦஅ䚸୰ᮧ㻌 Ṋᜏ㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻟㻌㻌㻝㻟㻦㻠㻜㻙㻝㻠㻦㻜㻜㻌 䛂ᕳ䛝ᡠ䛧ᵓ㐀䜢ᣢ䛴୕┦ኚᅽჾᆺ㉸㟁ᑟ㝈ὶჾ䛾ᇶ♏≉ᛶ䛃㻌䠝ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䚸䠞ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔᪂㡿ᇦ๰ᡂ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉䚸㻌䠟ఫ཭㟁Ẽᕤᴗ䞞㻌䠝㔝⏣㻌 ⩧䠄䠩䠎䠅䚸䠝ᒣ㑔㻌 ೺ኴ䚸䠝ⓑ஭㻌 ᗣஅ䚸䠞᭹㒊㻌 ᆂభ䚸䠞㤿ሙ㻌 ᪪ᖹ䚸䠟ᑠᯘ㻌 ៅ୍䚸䠟బ⸨㻌 ㅬ୍㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻡㻌㻌㻝㻠㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻠㻦㻞㻜㻌 䛂䝦䝸䜹䝹ᆺᾏὶ㻹㻴㻰Ⓨ㟁ᶵ䛾ᛶ⬟ண 䛸䛭䛾ホ౯䛃㻌䠝⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᾏ஦⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉䚸䠞≀㉁䞉ᮦᩱ◊✲ᶵᵓ㻌䠝ᗈᓮ㻌 ኱ᶞ䠄䠩䠍䠅䚸䠝Ṋ⏣㻌 ᐇ䚸䠝㻮㼁㻵㻌㻭㼚㼔㻌㻷㼕㼑㼠䚸䠞ᮌྜྷ㻌 ྖ㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻣㻌㻌㻝㻠㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻠㻦㻠㻜㻌 ఇ᠁㻌㻌㻝㻠䠖㻠㻜㻙㻝㻡㻦㻜㻜㻌 䛂ᾮయỈ⣲⏝㻹㼓㻮㻞ᾮ㠃䝉䞁䝃䞊䛾እ㒊䝠䞊䝍䞊䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ䛚䜘䜃ᾮ㠃᳨▱≉ᛶ䛃㻌䠝⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᾏ஦⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉䚸㻮ᒾ㇂⎰᪁䞞䚸䠟≀㉁䞉ᮦᩱ◊✲ᶵᵓ㻌䠝๓ᕝ㻌 ୍┿䠄䠩䠎䠅䚸䠝ዉⰋ㻌 ὒ⾜䚸䠝Ṋ⏣㻌 ᐇ䚸䠞ᯇ㔝㻌 ඃ䚸䠞⸨ᕝ㻌 㟼୍䚸䠟⇃಴㻌 ᾈ᫂䚸㻌䠟㯮⏣㻌 ᜏ⏕㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻥㻌㻌㻝㻡㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻡㻦㻞㻜㻌 䛂㉮ᰝ䝖䞁䝛䝹㻿㻽㼁㻵㻰☢Ẽ㢧ᚤ㙾䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝻䞊䝤ᙧ≧䛾ຠᯝ䛃㻌䠝኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᇶ♏ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䚸䠞௝ྎ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ䚸䠟≀㉁䞉ᮦᩱ◊✲ᶵᵓ㻌䠝ᐑᡞ㻌 ♸἞䠄ຓᩍ䠅䚸䠝ᯇ⃝㻌 ⱥ䚸䠝Ώ㑓㻌 㥽㏻䚸䠞䚸䠟ᯘ㻌 ᛅஅ䚸䠟❧ᮌ㻌 ᐇ䚸䠝⣒㷂㻌 ⚽ኵ㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻞㻝㻌㻌㻝㻡㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻡㻦㻠㻜㻌 䛂㻺㼛㼚㼘㼕㼚㼑㼍㼞㻌㻾㼑㼟㼜㼛㼚㼟㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼅㻮㼍㻞㻯㼡㻟㻻㻣㻙䃓㻌㼀㼔㼕㼚㻌㻲㼕㼘㼙㼟㻌㼠㼛㻌㻴㼕㼓㼔㻙㻲㼕㼑㼘㼐㻌㼀㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㻼㼡㼘㼟㼑㼟䛃㻌㻭኱㜰኱Ꮫ䝺䞊䝄䞊䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊Ꮫ◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊䚸㻮㻶㻿㼀㻌 䛥䛝䛜䛡䚸㻌㻯㻰㼑㼜㼍㼞㼠㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻼㼔㼥㼟㼕㼏㼟㻘㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㽯㼠㻌㻱㼞㼘㼍㼚㼓㼑㼚㻙㻺㾇㼞㼚㼎㼑㼞㼓㻌䠝䚸䠟㻭㻚㻌㻳㼘㼛㼟㼟㼚㼑㼞䠄䠩䠎䠅䚸䠝㻯㻚㻌㼆㼔㼍㼚㼓䚸䠝⳥⏣㻌 ┿ஓ䚸䠝䚸䠞ᕝᒣ㻌 ᕑ䚸㻭ᮧୖ㻌 ༤ᡂ䚸䠟㻼㻚㻌㻹㾇㼘㼘㼑㼞䚸㻌㻭ᩯෆ㻌 ᨻྜྷ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻞㻟㻌㻌㻝㻡㻦㻠㻜㻙㻝㻢㻦㻜㻜㻌 䛂ศᏊ⥺䜶䝢䝍䜻䝅䞊ἲ䛻䜘䜛䜶䝢䝍䜻䝅䝱䝹ᡂ㛗ⷧ⭷䜢⏝䛔䛯㻌㉸ఏᑟ䝖䞁䝛䝹᥋ྜ䛾స〇䛃㻌㻭ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䚸㻮⌮◊䚸䠟ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉㻌㻭℈ᑿ㻌 ಇᖾ䠄䠩䠍䠅䚸䠞᭷ྜྷ㻌 ㄔ୍㑻䚸䠝⏣஭㔝㻌 ᚭ䚸䠞䚸䠟ྂ㈡㻌 ೺♸䚸䠞ྂᕝ㻌 ᪼䚸㻌䠝᫂㐃㻌 ᗈ᫛䚸㻌 䠞䚸䠟኱㇂㻌 ▱⾜㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌䞉䞉䞉䞉㻞㻡㻌㻌㻝㻢㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻢㻦㻞㻜㻌 䛂ಙ㈗㈹䛾タ❧䛻䛴䛔䛶䛃㻌኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫ㻌 ⏿㻌 ᚭ㻌㻌㻝㻢㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻢㻦㻟㻡㻌 ᑂᰝ䞉⾲ᙲ㻌㻌㻝㻢㻦㻟㻡㻙㻝㻢㻦㻠㻜㻌 㛢఍ᣵᣜ㻌 ప ᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㛵すᨭ㒊㻌 ᨭ㒊㛗㻌 ᩯෆ㻌 ᨻྜྷ㻌
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5=HÜá¹SY³

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Δ0 !ÒÈf !¤ k⎞⎟
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1I8I<DAI7! dˆnÝ&(

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oîñJ{fäu½+ GL ¿(J1fäu½l*dˆ ì»gí ^~ d-solitonìtÊí

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y·â-Ô+«\4@BFI

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«!R­µª-](x=h0 coshξ cosη, y=h0sinhξ sinη)ìoïí-³¤c¿- Mathieuç(Ö*£-å¶ð)!

©ÆubÚ-Öfäu½l*
5=H80H5=H²+TnJ{oïñ]

×Å£-ZRäu½

5=H½e-Ø"J{©Æu¯Âf

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ìoðí

oðñJ{
{ fäu½l* 5=H½eÁæ^~1) H.-Y.Kee and K.Maki, Phy. Rev. B 62, R9275 (2000)
2) J. Jang et al. Science 331, 186 (2011)
3) Y. Niwa, M. Kato, K. Maki, Physica C 470, 1151 (2010).

2¦Çl¤[w-

Direct imaging of vortices in a squaresuperconducting MoGe networks
Ho Thanh Huy a, M. Hayashi b, T. Yotsuya c,d, M. Kato d,e , T. Ishida a,ba

Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture Universityb
Faculty of Education and Human Studies, Akita Universityc
NanoSquare Research Center, Osaka Prefecture UniversitydInstitute for Nanofabrication Research, Osaka Prefecture UniversityeDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University

Vortex configuration of superconducting networks in a magnetic field has
been focused as a theme of intensive studies both experimentally andtheoretically [1,2]. In our preceding studies, we observed that the vortex
pattern of superconducting Pb networks was in good agreement withpredictions based on the framework of Ginzburg-Landau theory [3]. In thisstudy, we report the vortex structures of superconducting MoGe networks bychanging an applied magnetic field. The MoGe films are amorphous, and has acrystalline disorder on the atomic scale. Since a scale is much shorter thansuperconducting coherence length, the pinning in “homogeneous” MoGe films
is supposed to be very weak. We fabricated 10 x 10 MoGe square networks
with lattice constant of 10 μm (a matching field H Φ =0.2068 G), line width of 2
μm and thickness of 0.2 μm with the aid of photolithography.
Vortex configuration was directly observed by means of a scanningsuperconducting quantum interface device (SQUID) microscope. We foundthat vortex distribution in network evolves with applied magnetic field. At
half matching field, the vortices showed a checkerboard pattern, being in good
agreement with theoretical calculations. We also investigate how vortices
occupy network holes at different temperatures. Vortices tend to align in a“diagonal” direction at high temperatures. On the contrary, vortices repel each3

other to become isolated vortices at lower temperatures. Our results are
consistent with theoretical calculations for nanoscopic superconducting
network.

Fig.1 Scanning SQUID microscopy image (left figure) of vortices in an amorphous MoGe
network at 4 K in different applied field. The applied magnetic field is 96.5 mG (46.6% of
the matching field H  ). We applied the inverse Biot-Savart law to recover the vortex
image (right figure) at the sample surface.

We also discuss our attempts to improve a spatial resolution of SQUID
microscopy by utilizing the inverse Biot-Savart law [4]. The correction for theheight of the SQUID coil is also taken into account in obtaining local
magnetic field on sample surface. In Fig. 1, we show an example of therestored vortex images. One finds that the vortex image becomes muchsharper than the original image [5]. We also demonstrate that our numericalmethod is able to see the superconducting network pattern possibly due to the
Meissner effect of the network.
REFERENCES[1] M. Hayashi et al., Physica C 426–431 (2005) 136–140.
[2] M. Hayashi et al., Physica C 437–438 (2006) 93–95.
[3] T. Ishida et al., Physica C 460–462 (2007) 1226–1227.
[4] M. Hayashi, Ho T. Huy, and T. Ishida, to be published.
[5] Ho T. Huy et al., Physica C, submitted to.

4㉸ᚤ⣽㉸ఏᑟ⥺᣺ືᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ㉸ὶື࣒࣊ࣜ࢘୰ࡢ㔞Ꮚ᳨ฟỌྜ♸㍜⧊⏣ៅᖹஂಖ༤ྐすᔱ 㝧ᑠཎ 㢧▮㔝ⱥ㞝▼ᕝಟභ⏿ ᚭ኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉E-mail:ynago@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp/hata@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp
㸯. ㉸ὶື࣒࣊ࣜ࢘୰ࡢ㔞Ꮚ ᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࢆ෭༷ࡋࠊ㉸ὶື㌿⛣

ᗘࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ࡜ᾮయ୰࡟ࡣ఩┦Ḟ㝗ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ࢟ࣈ࣭ࣝ

ࢶ࣮ࣞࢵࢡᶵᵓ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࠊ㉸ὶື࣒࡛࣊ࣜ࢘ࡣࡇࡢ఩┦Ḟ㝗ࡀ㔞Ꮚࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㉸ὶື࣒࡛࣊ࣜ࢘ࡣ㔞Ꮚⰺࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟⣽࠸(4He ࡛㹼0.1nmࠊ3He-B ┦࡛㹼100nm)ࡓࡵࠊ㔞Ꮚࡿࠋ᰾⏕ᡂࡋࡓ㔞Ꮚ௜╔ṧ␃⣒ࡣቨ࡞࡝ࡢቃ⏺࡟ࡑࡢ➃ࡀ௜╔ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ᏻᐃࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ṧ␃⣒࡟㉸ὶືὶࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿ⮫⏺ὶ㏿࡛㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ

⣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ

⎔ࢆᨺฟࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ⣒ࡀ୙Ᏻᐃ࡟ఙ㛗ࡋࠊ᤬ࡌࢀ࡚⮬㌟࡛෌⤖ྜࢆ⣒ࡀ⤡ࡲࡾ࠶ࡗࡓࢱࣥࢢࣝ≧ែࡀᙧᡂࡋࠊ㉸ὶືὶࢀሙࡀ஘ὶ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㔞Ꮚ஘ὶࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ⿦⨨ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚᣺ືᏊࢆ⏝࠸࡚௜╔᣺ືὶࢆ୚࠼ࡿᐇ㦂ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[1]ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ஘ὶ⏕ᡂࡢཎᅉ࡜࡞ࡿ
ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⣽࠸)ࠋ⣒࡟┦ᑐⓗ࡟

ࡢ㐠ືࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟

⣒࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㧗ឤᗘ࡞㍍࠸᣺ືᏊࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᣺ືᏊ⾲㠃ࡀ⢒࠸࡜ከࡃࡢ

⣒ࡀ௜╔ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ≀⌮ࢆ」㞧࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵࠊ⾲㠃ࡢ⁥ࡽ࠿࡞᣺ືᏊࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ
㸰. ㉸ᚤ⣽㉸ఏᑟ⥺᣺ືᏊࡢ㛤Ⓨ㻹㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐௚◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ᣺ື⌫ࡸ᣺ືࢢࣜࢵࢻ➼[1]ࡣࡑࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ㹼100Pm ࡜኱ࡁࡃ㔜࠸ࠋᡃࠎࡣឤᗘⰋࡃ

ࢆ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿ㍍࠸᣺

ືᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲ࡛ NbTi ㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㉸ᚤ⣽⥺᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࢆ〇సࡋࡓࠋࡲ
ࡎ┤ᚄ 0.35mm ࡢ NbTi ࣐ࣝࢳࣇ࢕࣓ࣛࣥࢺ㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࢆࢲ࢖ࣖࣔࣥࢻࢲ࢖ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᘬࡁᘏ

ᅗ㸯. ㉸ᚤ⣽㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖ

ࡤࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㸯ᮏࡢኴࡉࡀ㹼Pm ⛬ᗘࡢ㉸ᚤ⣽⥺ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋࢲ࢖ࢫࡣฟཱྀࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ
ධཱྀࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡼࡾࡶᑡࡋᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ
ࡵࠊ㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࡀᘬࡁᘏࡤࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⥺ᚄࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞సᴗࢆࠊ㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࡀࡡࡌࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ὀពࢆᡶ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊ኱ࡁ࠸ࢲ
࢖ࢫ࠿ࡽ㡰␒࡟ 40 ಶࡢࢲ࢖ࢫࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟୍ᮏࡢኴࡉࡀ 2㹼3Pm ⛬ᗘࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣇ ᅗ㸰. ⾲㠃ࡢ⁥ࡽ࠿࡞㉸ᚤ⣽㉸ఏᑟ⥺(a)࡜

࢕࣓ࣛࣥࢺࡀ᏶ᡂࡍࡿࠋࢲ࢖ࢫ࡛ᘬࡁᢤࡃࡇ࡜

⢒࠸㉸ᚤ⣽㉸ఏᑟ⥺(b)ࡢ SEM ෗┿࡟ࡼࡾ㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࡢ⾲㠃ࡣᚎࠎ࡟⁥ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣇ࢕࣓ࣛࣥࢺࢆ༙෇≧࡟᭤ࡆࡓ≧ែ࡛ᙇࡾࠊ◪㓟࡛㖡⿕⭷ࢆ⁐࠿ࡋࠊࡤࡽࡅࡓ 150 ᮏࡢ㉸ఏᑟ⥺᮰࠿ࡽࠊ㸯ᮏࡔࡅࢆṧࡋ࡚ษࡾⴠ࡜ࡍࠋࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚༙෇࣮ࣝࣉᆺࡢ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡀ᏶ᡂࡍࡿ(ᅗ㸯)ࠋ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡣ 150 ᮏࡢ㉸ఏᑟ⥺᮰࠿ࡽ㸯ᮏࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ṧࡍࡢࡔࡀࠊᅗ㸰࡟♧ࡍ SEM ෗┿࠿ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㉸ఏᑟ⥺࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾲㠃ࡢ⢒ࡉࡣᵝࠎ࡛
࠶ࡿ[2]ࠋ

ࡀ௜╔ࡋࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ⾲㠃ࡀࡼࡾ⁥ࡽ࠿࡞㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࢆ㑅࡭ࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ

᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡣᅗ㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㟼☢ሙ୰࡛஺ὶ㟁ὶࢆὶࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣮ࣟࣞࣥࢶຊࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚᣺ື
ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡢࣂࢿᐃᩘ࡜㉁㔞࡛Ỵࡲࡿᅛ᭷ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ࡟୍⮴ࡍࡿ࿘Ἴᩘࡢ஺ὶ㟁ὶࢆὶ

5ࡍ࡜ඹ㬆᣺ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࠋ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡣࡑࡢ⣽ࡉ࠿ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡟㍍࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㔞Ꮚ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼ࠸ឤᗘ࡛

⣒୍ᮏࡀసࡿᙇຊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ

ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㊊ᖜࡢ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆసࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

ᵝࠎ࡞ඹ㬆࿘Ἴᩘࡢ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡀ⡆༢࡟ᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖἲࡣ

ࡢ㐠ື࡜஘ὶ⏕ᡂ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࿘Ἴᩘኚ໬ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡢ࡟ຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ600 ᅗ㸱࡟┤ᚄ 3Pm ࡢ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡢ 30mK ㉸ὶື 4He ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᣺ື㏿ᗘࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⣙ 500mm/s
࡜࠸࠺㧗࠸㏿ᗘ࡛஘ὶ⏕ᡂ࡟కࡗ࡚㏿ᗘࡀᛴ⃭࡟ῶᑡࡋࠊࢻ
ࣛ࢖ࣈࡢቑຍ࡜ῶᑡ࡛ᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣄࢫࢸࣜࢩࢫࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞኱ࡁ࡞ࣄࢫࢸࣜࢩࢫࡣࠊVW 㡬Ⅼ࡟௜╔

Velocity [mm/s]

㸱. ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ0࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ࡀ୙Ᏻᐃ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞᣺ື㏿ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡟ࡼࡿ᣺ືᏊࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᒙὶ࡜஘ὶࡢቃ⏺ࡀࡼࡾ㢧ⴭ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⾲㠃ࡢ⢒࠸࣡࢖࣮ࣖ࡜⁥ࡽ࠿࡞࣡࢖࣮ࣖ(ᅗ㸰)࡛
ࡽ࠿࡞ࡶࡢࡢ᪉ࡀ

ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᐇ㝿࡟⁥

஘ὶ

200

ࡀᑡ࡞

࡚࠸ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㉸ᚤ⣽㉸ఏᑟ⥺

ᒙὶ

400

0

0.1
0.2
Driving Force [nN]0.3

ᅗ㸱. ┤ᚄ 3Pm ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡢ 30mK㉸ὶື 4He ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
᣺ື㏿ᗘࡢኚ໬

ࡀ௜╔ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ⤖ᯝ

300
43Pm wire ( He)ࢆᚓࡓ[2]ࠋ

4

sphere ( He)࢖ࢬ࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ၏୍ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ᪂ࡓ
࡟ࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᡃࠎࡣ㉸ὶື 3He-B ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ
ࡢ[mm/s]

ࡢ⮫⏺㏿ᗘࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᅗ㸲ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᣺ືᏊࡢᙧ≧ࠊࢧ100

4grid ( He)3

3Pm wire ( He-B)

c

ࡋࠊࡑ

v

ᵝࠎ࡞ඹ㬆࿘Ἴᩘࡢ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮࡛ࣖ஘ὶ⏕ᡂࢆほᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᅗ㸲࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ㏻ࡾࠊ㉸ὶື 4He ࡢሙྜ࡜ྠࡌ࿘Ἴᩘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ[3]ࠋ

10ࡲࡓࠊ᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࢆ㖡⟽࡛そ࠸ࠊ20 ᫬㛫࠿ࡅ࡚࣊ࣜ࢘

10࣒ࢆࡺࡗࡃࡾᾮ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᅗ㸳ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ 1m/s ࡲ࡛㏿ᗘࢆୖࡆ࡚ࡶ஘ὶࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞࠸᣺ືᏊࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡀ⣽ࡃ⾲㠃ࡀ⁥ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿୖ
࡟ࠊୖグࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࿘ࡾࢆ⁻࠺⣒ࡀ࣡࢖࣮ࣖ࡟௜╔ࡍࡿࡢࢆ㜵࠸ࡔࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ௜╔ࡀ㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃᑡ࡞࠸᣺ືᏊ

ࡢ᳨ฟჾ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࠊ㏆ࡃ࡟タ⨨ࡋࡓࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡢ᣺ື࣡࢖ࣖ

1000⎔ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᐇ

㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ[4]ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖ㛫ࢆఏ᧛ࡍࡿ⎔ࡢ㣕⾜᫬㛫ࢆᐃࡋࡓ[5]ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞

ᐃ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ᣺ືᏊ࡟㉸ᚤ⣽㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡟
࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤᗘࡀⴭࡋࡃྥୖࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

Velocity [mm/s]

1200࣮࡛஘ὶࢆ⏕ᡂࡉࡏࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ

[2] Y. Nago et al., J. Low Temp. Phys., 158, 443, (2010)

4

800
600
400
200
0

[1] M. Blažková et al., Phys. Rev. B, 79, 054522, (2009)
and references therein.

3

10
10
Frequency [Hz]ᅗ㸲.஘ὶ⏕ᡂ⮫⏺㏿ᗘࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ౫Ꮡᛶ

⎔ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᡃࠎࡣࡇࡢ࣡࢖࣮ࣖࢆ

2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Driving Force [nN]ᅗ㸳. ௜╔

ࡀᑡ࡞࠸᣺ື࣡࢖࣮ࣖࡢ

30mK ㉸ὶື 4He ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ࡟

[3] Y. Nago et al., Phys. Rev. B, 82, 224511, (2010)[4] R. Goto, Y. Nago et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 045301, (2008)[5] Y. Nago et al., J. Low Temp. Phys., 162, 322, (2011)6ᑐࡍࡿ᣺ື㏿ᗘࡢኚ໬

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ ࿕᦭࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ࠰ࡦធวߦ߅ߌࠆ
࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄബ⿠ߩ㔚ᭂߦࠃࠆ೙ᓮᄢะ ാᄥ㧘ដ⼱ ৻ᒄ㧘㋈ᧁ ታ੩ㇺᄢቇᄢቇ㒮 Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼1. ߪߓ߼ߦ

2. ታ㛎ᣇᴺ

⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬りߩ࿁ࠅߩ⥋ࠆߣߎࠈߢߐ
߹ߑ߹ߥ๟ᵄᢙߩ㔚⏛ᵄ߇೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬㔚ᵄߣ⿒ᄖ✢ߩ㑆ߩ๟ᵄᢙࠍ᦭ߔࠆ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄߩᏪၞߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬◲ଢߥ⊒ᝄེ߿㜞ᗵᐲߩᬌ಴ེߩ㐿⊒߇ㆃࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ᧂߩߎޔ‬㐿ᜏߩ๟ᵄᢙᏪၞߩ㓒ߚࠅߪ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊߣ๭߫ࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߩਅ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕߦ Ozyuzerࠄߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ(Bi2212)න⚿᥏਄ߦ૞⵾ߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ᄙᢙߩ࿕᦭࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ࠰ࡦ
ធว(IJJ)߆ࠄߥࠆࡔࠨ᭴ㅧߦ⋥ᵹ㔚ᵹࠍශടߔࠆߣ‫࠷࡞ࡋ࡜࠹ޔ‬ᵄߩ᡼኿߇᷹ⷰߐࠇ
ࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߚ[1]‫ޕ‬ಽశߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬⍱ᒻࡔࠨߩ⍴ㄝߩ᏷ߣ᡼኿ߐࠇࠆ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄ
ߩඨᵄ㐳߇৻⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚߎ
ߣ߆ࠄ‫߇ࠨࡔޔ‬ⓨᵢ౒ᝄེߣߒߡߩᓎഀࠍ
ᨐߚߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩࠨࡔޔ‬ᒻ⁁߇࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄ
ബ⿠ߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥⷐ⚛ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᓟ‫࡞ࡋ࡜࠹ޔ‬࠷⊒ᝄ⃻⽎ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⸃᣿ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚᄙߊߩታ㛎߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫⺑ߩ⽎⃻ޔ‬᣿߇⹜ߺࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߩ‫⊒ߥ⚦⹦ޔ‬ᝄߩ᧦ઙߪ᣿
ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ࠨࡔޔߪޘ‬਄㕙ߦᒻᚑߔࠆ㊄ዻ㔚ᭂߩᒻ⁁ߦ⌕⋡ߒ‫ޔ‬㔚ᭂෘ߇ 100 nm એਅߩ႐วߦ㒢ߞߡ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄ߇ᬌ಴ߐࠇࠆߎߣ
ࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ‫ߩࠨࡔߪࠇߎޕ‬᷷ᐲ਄᣹߇࠹࡜
ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄബ⿠ߩ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆߎ
ߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ߩઁޕ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ߅
޿ߡ߽‫⊒ޔ‬ᾲߦࠃࠆࡔࠨߩਇဋ৻ߥ᷷ᐲಽ
Ꮣ߿[2]‫ࠨࡔޔ‬ౝㇱߦ↢ߓࠆࡎ࠶࠻ࠬࡐ࠶࠻
ߩ⊒ᝄ߳ߩ㑐ਈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ[3]‫⥄ޔ‬Ꮖ⊒ᾲ߇⊒ᝄߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬⊒ᝄ⃻⽎ߩ⿠Ḯࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬FZ ᴺߦࠃࠅ૞⵾ߐࠇߚ Bi2212
ߩන⚿᥏਄ߦ 804001m3 ߩࠨࠗ࠭ߩ⍱ᒻࡔࠨࠍ Ar ࡒ࡝ࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡᒻᚑߒ‫ࠄߐޔ‬ߦࡔࠨ਄ߦ᏷ 30m‫ޔ‬ෘߐ 60nm ߩ Ag 㔚ᭂ
ࠍᒻᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬7

࿑ 1㧦૞⵾ߒߚࡔࠨߩశቇ౮⌀‫ޕ‬⹜ᢱߩ㔚᳇․ᕈ᷹ቯߣ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄߩᬌ
಴ߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ 2 ߩࠃ߁ߥ࠮࠶࠻ࠕ࠶ࡊߢⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬⹜ᢱߪ He ࡈࡠ࡯ࠢ࡜ࠗࠝࠬ࠲࠶࠻ߦขࠅ
ઃߌߡ಄ළߒ‫⹜ޔ‬ᢱࠍ㔚Ḯߦធ⛯ߒߡࡔࠨߩ㔚ᵹ߅ࠃ߮㔚࿶ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ‫ࠄ߆ࠨࡔޕ‬᡼኿ߐࠇߚ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄߪ‫ߒࠣࡦࡇ࠶࡚࠴ޔ‬ߡ߆ࠄ Si ࡏࡠࡔ࡯࠲࡯ߦ౉኿ߒ‫࡯ࡔࡠࡏޔ‬࠲࡯ߩᔕ╵ାภࠍࡠ࠶ࠢࠗࡦࠕࡦࡊߦࠃࠅ
ᬌ಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 2㧦⹜ᢱߩ᷹ቯ࿁〝߅ࠃ߮శቇ♽‫ޕ‬

3. ⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮⠨ኤ 㔚ᭂෘࠍᄌൻߐߖߚⶄᢙߩ⹜ᢱߦߟ޿ߡ
᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬㔚ᭂෘ߇ 100 nm એਅߩ⹜ᢱߩߺ߆ࠄ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄߩ⊒ᝄ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㔚ᭂෘ 60 nm ߅ࠃ߮ 100 nm ߩ⹜ᢱߩ㔚ᵹ㔚࿶․ᕈߣ⊒ᝄᒝᐲߩ᷷ᐲଐሽ
ᕈࠍ࿑ 3 ߦ␜ߔ‫੹ޕ‬࿁૞⵾ߒߚࡔࠨߩ᭴ㅧ
ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߥᾲߩ᜛ᢔ⚻〝߇਄ㇱߩ㊄ዻ㔚ᭂߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㔚ᭂෘ߇⹜ᢱߩ․ᕈߦᄢ
߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫⇇⥃ޕ‬㔚ᵹએ਄ߩ㔚ᵹࠍട߃ࠆߣḰ☸ሶࡉ࡜ࡦ࠴߳ߣ⒖ⴕߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㔚ᭂߩ⭯޿⹜ᢱߩ߶߁߇⥃⇇㔚ᵹ⋥਄ߩ㔚࿶ߩࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯ࠪࡘ࡯࠻߇ᄢ߈ߊ‫⥄ޔ‬Ꮖ⊒ᾲߩᓇ㗀ߩᄢ߈ߐ߇⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇
ࠊ߆ࠆ㧔࿑ 3 ਄࿑ෳᾖ㧕‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㔚ᭂߩෘ޿⹜ᢱߢߪ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄ⥄૕߇ᬌ಴ߐࠇߥ߆
ߞߚߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬㔚ᭂߩ⭯޿⹜ᢱ߆ࠄߪ
᭽‫⊒ߩࡊࠗ࠲ߥޘ‬ᝄ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ‫ߎߩߎޕ‬ߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㔚ᭂߩෘ޿⹜ᢱߢߪࡔࠨߩ᷷ᐲ਄
᣹߇ዊߐߊ‫ࠍࠨࡔޔ‬᭴ᚑߔࠆ IJJ ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ࠰ࡦࡊ࡜࠭ࡑᵄߩബ⿠߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 4㧦⊒ᝄ㔚࿶ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬ฦ⹜ᢱߩ⊒ᝄᒝᐲ߇ᦨᄢߣߥࠆ㔚
࿶ࠍⅣႺ᷷ᐲߦኻߒߡࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚ߽ߩࠍ
࿑ 4 ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬࿑ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㔚ᭂෘ 60 nm ߩ⹜ᢱߪ 100 nm ߩ⹜ᢱߦᲧߴߡ㔚࿶ߩᄌൻ߇ᕆፋߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫⊒ޕ‬ᝄ๟ᵄᢙ fߣ㔚࿶ V ߩ㑆ߦߪ‫ޔ‬f = 2eV/hN ߩ㑐ଥ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߟߚ߼‫ޔ‬Ⓙ௛ߔࠆ IJJ ߩጀᢙ N ߇৻ቯߛߣ઒ቯߔࠆߣ‫⊒ޔ‬ᝄ๟ᵄᢙߪ㔚࿶ߦᲧ଀ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㔚ᭂෘ 60 nmߩ⹜ᢱߢߪ‫ޔ‬N = 670 ߣߒߡ⊒ᝄ๟ᵄᢙ߇
0.50 THz ߆ࠄ 0.19 THz ߹ߢᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ⅣႺ᷷ᐲࠍᄌ߃ࠆߎ
ߣߦࠃߞߡᐢ޿▸࿐ߦ߅ߌࠆ๟ᵄᢙ೙ᓮ߇
น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔕ↪਄㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߥᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
4. ߹ߣ߼
 Bi2212 ߩ IJJ ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠹࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄߩബ
⿠ߦߪ‫ߩࠨࡔޔ‬᷷ᐲ਄᣹߇ኒធߦ㑐ࠊߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠨࡔޔ‬਄ㇱߩ㔚ᭂ᭴ㅧࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎ
ߣߢബ⿠ࠍ೙ᓮߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞ
ߚ‫⊒ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᝄ㔚࿶ߩᒝ޿᷷ᐲଐሽᕈࠍ⷗
಴ߒߚߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ห৻⚛ሶ߆ࠄ᡼኿ߐࠇࠆ࠹
࡜ࡋ࡞࠷ᵄߩ๟ᵄᢙࠍⅣႺ᷷ᐲߩᄌൻߦࠃ
ߞߡ೙ᓮߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂[1] L. Ozyuzer et al., Science, 318, 1291
(2007).
[2] A. Yurgens, Phys. Rev. B, 83, 184501(2011).
[3] H. B. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.,
105, 057002 (2010).

࿑ 3㧦㔚ᭂෘ 60 nm ߅ࠃ߮ 100 nm ߩ⹜ᢱߦ߅ߌࠆ⊒ᝄᒝᐲߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ‫ޕ‬8ேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿ㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔㉸ఏᑟࡢ  ḟඖ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ᏷ᡞᐶ᫂  㸪Ỉୖ㞝ኴ 㸪ⰪෆᏕ⚞ 㸪ୗ⃝㞞᫂ 㸪Ᏻᮏᬛྖ 㸪Ώ㑔኱ᶞ 㸪ᒣୗ✨ 㸪ụ⏣ᾈ❶ 㸪ᑎᔱᏕோ 㸪⤃㇂ᾈ 㸪ᯇ⏣♸ྖ ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸪 ி㒔኱Ꮫప ≀㉁⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪 ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉VKLVKLGR#SHRVDNDIXXDFMS ⌧ᡤᒓ ኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫேᕤⓗ࡟㉸᱁Ꮚᵓ㐀ࢆస〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ࡜࿧ࡪ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔㉸ఏᑟయ CeCoIn5 ࡜ n ᒙ㸪㏻ᖖ㔠ᒓ࡛࠶ࡿ
YbCoIn5 ࡀ 5 ᒙ㸪஺஫࡟✚ᒙࡋࡓேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ
CeCoIn5(n)/YbCoIn5(5)ࡢస〇ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ[3]㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ YbCoIn5 ࡢཌࡳ 5 ᒙࡣࢥࣄ࣮ࣞࣥࢫ㛗ࡉࡼࡾࡶ༑ศ࡟㛗ࡃ㸪YbCoIn5 5 ᒙࢆᣳࢇࡔ Ce-Ce 㛫ࡢ☢Ẽⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝ࡶ㠃ෆࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ 1 %௨ୗࡲ࡛ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ༑ศ࡟↓ど࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑ
ࡢࡓࡵ CeCoIn5(n)/YbCoIn5(5)࡟࠾࠸࡚ CeCoIn5ᒙࡢཌࡳࢆⷧࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ఏᑟⓗ࡟ࡣ 3 ḟඖ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㉸ఏᑟࢆᢸ࠺㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ 2ḟඖ࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ໬ྜ≀/㏻ᖖ㔠ᒓࡢ㉸᱁Ꮚ
CeIn3(n)/LaIn3(m)࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㔜࠸㟁Ꮚࡢ 2 ḟඖ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[4]㸬

 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᕼᅵ㢮ࡸ࢔ࢡࢳࣀ࢖ࢻࢆྵࡴ໬ྜ≀࡛ࡣ୍⯡࡟ f 㟁Ꮚ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞☢Ẽ࣮࣓ࣔࣥࢺࢆᣢ
ࡘ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣ Ce ࡸ U ໬ྜ≀࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸪ప ࡛ f 㟁Ꮚࡀఏᑟ㟁Ꮚ࡜ΰᡂࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ㐢Ṕⓗ࡟᣺⯙࠺≀㉁ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᫬㸪㟁Ꮚ㛫࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞┦஫స⏝ࡀാࡃࡓࡵ࡟ఏᑟ㟁Ꮚࡢ᭷
ຠ㉁㔞ࡣ኱ࡁࡃቑ኱ࡉࢀ㸪୰࡟ࡣ⮬⏤㟁Ꮚࡢ㟼
Ṇ㉁㔞ࡢⓒಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ໬ྜ≀ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ͆㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔͇࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪ᙉ┦㛵㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢ᭱ࡶᴟ➃࡞౛࡜ࡋ࡚┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
[1]㸬≉࡟㸪୍㒊ࡢ≀㉁࡛ࡣప ࡛␗᪉ⓗ࡞㉸ఏᑟࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᗈࡃ⯆࿡ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㔠ᒓ㛫໬ྜ≀࡛࠶ࡿ㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ 3 ḟඖ≀㉁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㖡㓟໬≀㧗 ㉸ఏᑟయࡸ᭷ᶵᑟయࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 2 ḟඖ≀㉁ࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ᙉ࠸┦㛵ࢆᣢࡗࡓ㟁Ꮚࢆ 2 ḟඖ࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡿ࡜㸪ᦂࡽࡂࡢቑ኱࡜ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺⛛ᗎ≧ែࡢᢚไ㸪≧ែᐦᗘࡢቑ኱࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞⯆࿡῝࠸⌧㇟ࡀច㉳ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㔠ᒓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭱ࡶᙉ࠸㟁Ꮚ┦㛵ࢆᣢࡗࡓ㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔໬ྜ≀ࡢேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㉸ఏᑟࢆᢸ࠺㔜࠸㟁Ꮚࢆ 2 ḟඖ࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ㸪␗᪉ⓗ㉸ఏᑟࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀ࡝ࡢᵝ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ᫂
ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬 㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔ேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚᅗ㸯CeCoIn5(n)/YbCoIn5(5)ࡢᶍᘧᅗ㸬

CeCoIn5 ࡣ㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢ㉸ఏᑟయ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ ᗘ Tc = 2.3 K ௨ୗ࡛㉸ఏᑟࢆ♧ࡍ[2]㸬
ఏᑟ㟁Ꮚࡢ᭷ຠ㉁㔞ࡣ᭱኱࡛ 100 m0(1 m0㸸㟁Ꮚࡢ㟼Ṇ㉁㔞)࡟㏆ࡃ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟㔜࠸㟁Ꮚࢆᙧᡂࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔㉸ఏᑟࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ Tc ࡟ẚࡋ࡚ୖ㒊⮫⏺☢ሙ Hc2 ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣఏᑟ㟁Ꮚࡢ᭷ຠ㉁㔞ࡢቑ኱࡟క࠸ࣇ࢙ࣝ
࣑㏿ᗘࡀ㐜࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬CeCoIn5 ࡢሙྜࡣࣃ࢘ࣜᖖ☢ᛶࡀᙉࡃ㸪ప ࡛ࡣࣃ࢘ࣜᖖ
☢ᛶຠᯝࡀ Hc2 ࡢỴᐃ࡟ᨭ㓄ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ࡣ୍ḟ㌿⛣࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ྠࡌ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ
YbCoIn5 ࡛ࡣ㸪Yb ࡀ 2 ౯࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ 4f ㌶㐨
ࡀ᏶඲࡟ᇙࡲࡾ㸪Lu ࡜ྠࡌࡃ☢ᛶࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸㏻
ᖖ㔠ᒓ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬␗࡞ࡿ⤖ᬗࢆ஺஫࡟✚ᒙࡉࡏ㸪 ศᏊ⥺࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩ࣮ἲ
ேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚࡢ⫱ᡂࡣศᏊ⥺࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩ࣮
(MBE)ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓ㸬1x10-7 Pa ⛬ᗘࡢ㉸㧗┿✵୰࡛ࡢຍ⇕⵨╔࡟ࡼࡾ 0.2 ύ/sec ⛬ᗘࡢࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜ࡋࡓ〇⭷㏿ᗘࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ Ce, Yb ⵨╔※࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࢩ
ࣕࢵࢱ࣮ࡢไᚚ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ࡞ቃ⏺ࢆᣢࡘேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚࡢస〇࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬ᅗ 2 ࡟
CeCoIn5(1)/YbCoIn5(5)ࡢ㧗ศゎ⬟㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾(TEM)⏬ീࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ⓑࡃගࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ Ce ཎᏊ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ce ࡀ 1 ᒙࡢ㉸᱁Ꮚ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡶ⥡㯇࡟ᩚิࡋ㸪㉸᱁Ꮚᵓ㐀ࡀタィ㏻ࡾ࡟ฟ᮶
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬

9


ࡣ
ࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿୖ㒊⮫⏺☢ሙ = √2Δ / ࡜⾲ࡏࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㉸ఏᑟࢠࣕࢵࣉ㸪g ࡣ g ᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Hc2 ࡢ␗᪉ᛶࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡞
࠸ࡓࡵ㸪g ᅉᏊࡣேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ࡛ࡶኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸࡞
࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ 2 ḟඖ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ࡟క
࠺ Hc2/kBTc ࡢᛴ⃭࡞ቑ኱ࡣ 2/kBTc ࡢᛴ⃭࡞ቑ኱࡟ࡼࡾㄏ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⤖ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࣂࣝࢡ༢⤖ᬗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ 2/kBTc = 6.0 ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ[5]ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽ n = 5 ࡢேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ 2/kBTc ࡀ 10 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᴟࡵ࡚ᙉ⤖ྜࡢ㉸ఏᑟࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ 2CeCoIn5(1)/YbCoIn5(5)ࡢ TEM ീ㸬 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ ᅗ 3 ࡟ CeCoIn5(n)/YbCoIn5(5)࡟࠾ࡅࡿ n =9, 5, 3, 2, 1 ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡ࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡲࡓẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵ CeCoIn5 ࡜ YbCoIn5ࡢ࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝ⭷ࡢ㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬
YbCoIn5 ࡣ㝆 ࡜ඹ࡟༢ㄪ࡟ῶᑡࡍࡿ㔠ᒓⓗ࡞ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪༢⣧㔠ᒓ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡢࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬CeCoIn5 ࡣ㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔࡟≉᭷ࡢ㏆⸨ຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡ࡢᴟ኱ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡕ㸪2 K ௜㏆࡛㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸㸪㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ ᗘඹ࡟ࣂࣝࢡ༢⤖ᬗࢆⰋࡃ෌⌧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᵓ㐀ゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྜࢃࡏ࡚Ⰻዲ࡞࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝ⭷ࡢస〇࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ
࡜⤖ㄽࡉࢀࡿ㸬ேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ CeCoIn5ᒙࡀⷧࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚┦ᑐⓗ࡟ YbCoIn5 ࡢఏᑟ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡀቑࡍࡓࡵ㸪㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡ࡣ㔠ᒓⓗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ≉ᚩⓗ࡞᢬ᢠ⋡ࡢᴟ኱ࡣேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ኚ໬ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢࡢࣂࣝࢡヨᩱ࡜ྠࡌ 40 K ௜㏆࡟⌧ࢀ⥆ࡅࡿ㸬␗᪉ⓗ㉸ఏᑟ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪n = 3 ࡲ࡛ࡣࢮࣟ᢬ᢠࢆ♧ࡍࡀ㸪2, 1 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⤯ᑐ㞽ᗘࡲ࡛᭷㝈ࡢ᢬ᢠࡀṧࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㉸ఏᑟ࡟క࠺᢬ᢠ⋡ࡢᢡࢀ᭤ࡀࡾࡣ᫂░࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪
CeCoIn5 ࢆ 1 ᒙࡲ࡛ⷧࡃࡋ㸪㉸ఏᑟࢆᢸ࠺㔜࠸㟁Ꮚࢆ᏶඲࡟ 2 ḟඖ࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ࡚ࡶ␗᪉ⓗ㉸ఏᑟࡣ⏕ࡁṧࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ḟ࡟ 2 ḟඖ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡀཬࡰࡍ␗᪉ⓗ㉸ఏᑟ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ㸪☢ሙ୰㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡ ᐃ࠿ࡽ㉸ఏᑟ┦ᅗࢆỴᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ CeCoIn5 ᒙࢆⷧࡃࡍࡿ࡟ᚑ࠸ Tc ࡣ㏿ࡸ࠿࡟ῶᑡࡍࡿࡀ㸪Hc2
ࡢῶᑡࡣ㐶࠿࡟⦆ࡸ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞
ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ Hc2/kBTc ࡣ CeCoIn5 ᒙࢆⷧࡃࡍ
ࡿ࡟కࡗ࡚ᛴ⃭࡟ቑ኱ࡍࡿ㸬ேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶࣂࣝࢡ༢⤖ᬗ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ప ࣭㧗☢ሙ㡿ᇦ࡛ࣃ࢘ࣜᖖ☢ᛶຠᯝࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࣃ࢘ࣜᖖ☢
ᛶຠᯝࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ሙྜ㸪ࣃ࢘ࣜᖖ☢ᛶຠᯝ࡟ࡼ

10 ࡲ࡜ࡵ ᡃࠎࡣ MBE ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚㔜࠸㟁Ꮚ⣔㉸ఏᑟయேᕤ㉸᱁Ꮚ CeCoIn5(n)/YbCoIn5(5)ࡢ〇⭷࡟ึࡵ࡚ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬␗᪉ⓗ㉸ఏᑟࡣ n = 1 ࡢ⭷࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⌧ࢀ㸪㉸ఏᑟࢆᢸ࠺㔜࠸㟁Ꮚࡢ 2 ḟඖ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬CeCoIn5 ᒙࢆⷧࡃࡍࡿ࡟కࡗ࡚ Hc2/kBTc ࡀᛴ㏿࡟ቑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࠿ࡽ 2 ḟඖ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡉࢀࡓ CeCoIn5 ࡛ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᙉ⤖ྜࡢ㉸ఏᑟࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ 3CeCoIn5(n)/YbCoIn5(5)ࡢ㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
[1] A. C. Hewson, The Kondo Problem to Heavy
Fermions (Cambridge Univ.press, 2003).
[2] C. Petrovic et al., J. Phys. Condens. Matter
13, L337 (2001).
[3] H. Shishido et al., Science 327, 980 (2010).
[4] Y. Mizukami, H. Shishido et al., Nature
Physics 7, 849 (2011).
[5] W. Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 177001(2008).

䋱䋵䋰䌭⚖䌐䌌䌄䋭䌇䌤䌂䌃䌏✢᧚䈱㐿⊒㩷㩷ጊญ㩷 㜞ผ㪃㩷 ᣂᶏ㩷 ఝ᮸㪃㩷 ዊ⷏㩷 ᣽਽㪃㩷 ᄢ᧻㩷 ৻਽䋨૑෹㔚Ꮏ䋩㩷㪰㪘㪤㪘㪞㪬㪚㪟㪠㩷㪫㪸㫂㪸㫊㪿㫀䋬㩷 㪪㪟㪠㪥㪞㪘㪠㩷㪰㫌㫂㫀䋬㩷 㪢㪦㪥㪠㪪㪟㪠㩷㪤㪸㫊㪸㫐㪸䋬㩷 㪦㪟㪤㪘㪫㪪㪬㩷㪢㪸㫑㫌㫐㪸㩿㪪㪜㪠㪀㩷㪜㪄㫄㪸㫀㫃㪑㩷㫐㪸㫄㪸㪾㫌㪺㪿㫀㪄㫋㪸㫂㪸㫊㪿㫀㪗㫊㪼㫀㪅㪺㫆㪅㫁㫇㩷㩷㩷㪈䋮䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷

ᓟ䈮⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚⴫㕙䈮㌃䉄䈦䈐ಣℂ䉕ᣉ䈚䈩䇮૞⵾䈲Ꮧ࿯㘃♽㜞᷷⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈲䇮⏛႐ਛ䈪䈱⥃⇇㔚ᵹ⚳ੌ䈫䈭䉎䇯૞⵾䈚䈢⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱᭴ㅧᮨᑼ࿑䉕 㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㩿㪠㪺㪀․ᕈ䈮ఝ䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮㔚ജ䉬䊷䊑䊦䉕ᆎ䉄䇮ᄌ࿶ེ䇮㪉 䈮␜䈜䇯㩷

㪪㪤㪜㪪䇮⿥㔚ዉ䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃╬䇮᭽䇱䈭ᔕ↪ᯏེ䈻䈱ㆡ↪

⛯䈇䈩䇮૞⵾䈚䈢⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱ᬌᩏ䉕ⴕ䈉䇯䉁䈝䇮䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯૑෹㔚Ꮏ䈪䈲䇮䉟䉾䊃䊥૞⵾䈚䈢⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱 㪠㪺 䉕䇮ㅪ⛯ 㪠㪺 ᷹ቯⵝ⟎䈪᷹ቯ䈜䉡 䊛 ♽ ⿥ 㔚 ዉ 㔚 ജ ᯏ ེ ᛛ ⴚ 㐿 ⊒ 䈱 ৻ Ⅳ 䈫 䈚 䈩 䇮 㪍㪍㩷䉎䇯ᦨᓟ䈮ᄖⷰᬌᩏ䉕ⴕ䈇䇮ᬌᩏ䈮วᩰ䈚䈢䉅䈱䉕䇮䊝㫂㪭㪆㪌㩷 㫂㪘䇮㪈㪌㩷 㫄 㐳䈱ਃ⧌৻᜝᭴ㅧ䉕᦭䈜䉎⿥㔚ዉ㔚䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䉕૞⵾䈜䉎䉫䊦䊷䊒䈮ଏ⛎䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷ജ䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䈱㐿⊒䈫䇮䈠䈱䈢䉄䈱⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱㩷૞⵾䉕ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䈱㐿⊒䈮䈲䇮㐳ዤ䈮ਗ਼䈦䈩䇮㪊㪇㪇䌾㪋㪇㪇㩷 㪘㪆㪺㫄 䈱䉋䈉䈭㜞 㪠㪺 䈎䈧ဋ৻䈭⿥㔚ዉ․ᕈ䉕᦭䈜䉎⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈏ᔅⷐ䈫䈭䉎䇯䈖䉏䉁䈪䈮䇮᭽䇱䈭ᡷༀ䈮䉋䉍䇮⍴ዤ⹜ᢱ䈪 㪋㪐㪎㩷 㪘㪆㪺㫄㩷 䈱․ᕈ
䉕ታ⃻㩷 㩿㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷 㪈㪀䈚䈩䈍䉍㪲㪈㪴䇮㐳ዤൻ䈫․ᕈ䈱቟ቯൻ䈏⺖㗴䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯ᧄႎ๔䈪䈲䇮㐳ዤ⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱․ᕈ䈮䈧䈇䈩ႎ๔䈜䉎䇯㩷㩷㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪉㩷㪪㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫇㫉㫆㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫇㫉㫆㪺㪼㫊㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪺㫆㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫆㫉㫊㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫊㫌㫇㪼㫉㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㪺㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㩷㩷㪊㪅㩷 㐳ዤൻ䈱䈢䉄䈱䊍䊷䉺䊷ᄢဳൻ㩷㐳ዤൻ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮ᚑ⤑䈮ᓥ䈇䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷䈏ᳪᨴ䈘䉏䇮䉺䊷䉭䉾䊃਄䈱䊧䊷䉱䊷ᒝᐲ䈏ૐਅ䈚䊒䊤䉵䊙ኒᐲ䈏㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪈㩷㪠㪺㩷㪻㪼㫇㪼㫅㪻㪼㫅㪺㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪞㪻㪙㪚㪦㩷㪽㫀㫃㫄㩷 㩷ૐਅ䈜䉎䈢䉄䇮㐳ዤᚑ⤑ਛ䈱䊒䊤䉵䊙ኒᐲ቟ቯൻ䈏⺖㗴䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯䈖䉏䉕⸃᳿䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䇮✢ㅦ䉕਄䈕䊒䊤䉵㩷䊙ኒᐲ䈱቟ቯ㗔ၞౝ䈪䈱ᚑ⤑䉕⹜䉂䈢䈏䇮㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷 㪊㩷 䈮㪉䋮⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚૞⵾Ꮏ⒟㩷ᚒ䇱䈲 㪊㪇㩷 㫄㫄 ᏷䈱䉪䊤䉾䊄㈩ะ㊄ዻၮ᧼਄䈮 㪩㪝 䉴␜䈜䈫䈍䉍䇮✢ㅦ䉕਄䈕䉎䈫✢᧚䈱ታ᷷䈏ૐਅ䈚䇮✢ㅦ

䊌䉾䉺ᴺ䉕↪䈇䈩ਛ㑆ጀ䈱ᚑ⤑䉕ⴕ䈦䈢㪲㪉㪴䇯䈠䈱ᓟ䇮䉕 㪊㪇㫄㪆㪿 એ਄䈮㜞ㅦൻ䈜䉎䈫 㪠㪺 䈏ૐਅ䈚䈢䋨㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪋䋩䇯䈠㪧㪣㪛 ᴺ䈮䉋䉍⿥㔚ዉጀ䈱ᚑ⤑䉕ⴕ䈇䇮㪛㪚 䉴䊌䉾䉺ᴺ䈮䈖䈪䇮䊍䊷䉺䊷䈱㐳ᚻᣇะ䇮᏷ᣇะ䈱ᄢဳൻ䉕ⴕ䈇䇮✢䉋䉍䇮㪘㪾 䈱቟ቯൻጀ䉕ᚑ⤑䈚䈢䇯⛯䈇䈩䇮㉄⚛ᾲಣℂ䉕

ㅦ䈱ะ਄෸䈶㐳ዤ✢᧚䈱቟ቯ⵾ㅧ䉕น⢻䈫䈚䈢䇯䈖䈱ⴕ䈇䇮㪊㪇㩷㫄㫄 ᏷䈱⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䉕 㪋㩷㫄㫄 ᏷䈮ᯏ᪾⊛䈮䉴⚿ᨐ䇮㪈㪌㪇㫄 ⚖䈱㐳ዤൻ䈏น⢻䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯㩷䊥䉾䊃䈚䈢䇯㐳ዤ⺃ዉ 㪠㪺 ᷹ቯ䉕ⴕ䈇䇮✢᧚䉕ㆬ೎ᓟ䇮ᦨ11㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪊㩷㪫㪼㫄㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪻㫀㫊㫋㫉㫀㪹㫌㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫅㩷㪸㩷㫃㫆㫅㪾㫀㫋㫌㪻㫀㫅㪸㫃㩷㪻㫀㫉㪼㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪿㪼㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㩷㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪌㩷㪠㪺㩷㪻㫀㫊㫋㫉㫀㪹㫌㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪈㪋㪇㫄㪄㫃㫆㫅㪾㩷㪺㫆㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫆㫉㫊㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫊㫌㫇㪼㫉㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㪺㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㩷HTS Shield

HTS Conductor㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪋㩷㪠㪺㩷㫍㪸㫃㫌㪼㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㪸㩷㪽㫌㫅㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪞㪻㪙㪚㪦㩷㪽㫀㫃㫄㩷㫋㪿㫀㪺㫂㫅㪼㫊㫊㪅㩷

Former
Cu Shield㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㪍㩷㪪㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪍㪍㩷㫂㪭㩷㪆㩷㪌㩷㫂㪘㪃㩷㪊㪄㫀㫅㪄㪦㫅㪼㩷㪟㪫㪪㩷㪺㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷 㩷㩷㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㪅㪈㩷㪩㪼㫈㫌㫀㫊㫀㫋㪼㩷㪺㪿㪸㫉㪸㪺㫋㪼㫉㫀㫊㫋㫀㪺㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪞㪻㪙㪚㪦㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫄㫆㪻㪼㫃㩷㪺㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㩿㪗㪎㪎㪢㪀㩷㩷㩷㪋䋮⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱 㪠㪺 ቟ቯൻ㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷 㪌 䈮䉬䊷䊑䊦䊁䉴䊃↪䈱✢᧚䋨㪋㫄㫄 ᏷䋩䈫䈚䈩න㐳 㪈㪋㪇㩷㫄 䉕૞⵾䈚䈢䈫䈐䈱䇮㪊㪇㫄㫄 ᏷ਛᄩㇱ䈱⺃ዉᴺ䈮䉋䉎 㪠㪺 ಽᏓ䉕␜䈜䇯㩷૞⵾䈚䈢✢᧚䈮䈍䈇䈩䈲䇮 㪠㪺㪋㩷 㪔㩷 㪈㪍㪇㩷 㪘㩷 㩿㪠㪺㩷 㪔㩷 㪋㪇㪇㩷㩷㪘㪆㪺㫄㪀㩷 䈱 㪠㪺 䈏ᓧ䉌䉏䇮㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㪅㩷㪈 䈮␜䈜䉋䈉䈮䇮䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦↪䈮චಽ䈭 㪠㪺 䉕ᜬ䈧✢᧚䉕૞⵾䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐㩷䈩䈇䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䈭䈏䉌䇮ᚑ⤑⚳ੌ┵䈮䈎䈔䈩ᓢ䇱䈮ਅ䈏ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㩷䉎௑ะ䈏⷗䉌䉏䈢䇯⃻࿷䇮㐳ᚻᣇะ䈮⤑ෘಽᏓ䈏䈅䉎㪈㪅㩷 㪢㪅㩷㪘㪹㫀㫉㫌㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷㪘㪹㫊㫋㫉㪸㪺㫋㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㪚㪪㪡㩷㪚㫆㫅㪽㪼㫉㪼㫅㪺㪼㪃㩷㪭㫆㫃㪅㩷䈖䈫䈏ಽ䈎䈦䈩䈍䉍䇮䈖䉏䈲ᚑ⤑ਛ䈱䊒䊤䉵䊙ኒᐲ䈱ᄌ㪏㪉㩷㩿㪉㪇㪈㪇㪀㩷㫇㪅㪈㪇㪌㩷ൻ䈏ଐὼ䈫䈚䈩ሽ࿷䈚䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䈎䉌䇮ᚑ⤑ਛ䈱䊧䊷䉱㪉㪅㩷 㪟㪅㩷㪦㪿㫋㪸㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷㪘㪹㫊㫋㫉㪸㪺㫋㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㪚㪪㪡㩷㪚㫆㫅㪽㪼㫉㪼㫅㪺㪼㪃㩷㪭㫆㫃㪅㩷䊷಴ജ⺞ᢛ䈮䉋䉍㐳ᚻᣇะ䈱䊒䊤䉵䊙ኒᐲ೙ᓮ䉕ⴕ䈉㪏㪇㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪐㪀㩷㫇㪅㪈㪐㪇䉋䈉ᡷༀ䉕ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷㩷㪌䋮⻢ㄉ㩷ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈲䇮䉟䉾䊃䊥䉡䊛♽⿥㔚ዉ㔚ജᯏེᛛⴚ㐿⊒䈱৻Ⅳ䈫䈚䈩䇮⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱᣂ䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷䊶✚วᛛⴚ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴㩿㪥㪜㪛㪦㪀䈱ᆔ⸤䉕ᓧ䈩ታᣉ䈚䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷

12

AC Loss Characteristics of Multilayer Superconducting
Power Transmission Cables Constructed with 2-mm
Narrow Coated Conductors
᧘ో*, 㔎ችዏਯ, ਛ᧛ᱞᕡLI Quan*, AMEMIYA Naoyuki, NAKAMURA Taketsune
Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishiyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan*E-mail: quan@asl.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jpzAbstract: Narrow 2-mm coated conductors are selected toCable Central Axis

design a set of superconducting power transmission cables.
Their AC loss characteristics are studied under different
conditions, classified as number of layers, size of gaps andlateral Jc distributions. A 2-D FEM model is applied fornumerical analysis and results are well organized andanalyzed, comparing to Norris Strip. Numerical analysis
shows that AC loss can be reduced by increasing thenumber of layers and reducing the size of gaps. Lateral Jc
distribution has a significant impact on AC loss.
Nevertheless, along with the increasing number of layers,
cables are getting more robust against gap and lateral Jc
distribution.

xyB

Cross Section

J
Tape Coated conductor

Fig. 1 Transport current and magnetic field of an isolated
single tape coated condutor.
GW

Index Terms: AC loss, critical current density distribution,
gaps, multilayer, narrow coated conductor, superconducting
power transmission

Rout
Rin

1. Introduction
Superconducting power transmission cables withcoated conductors have attracted broad attention as oneof the most valuable and feasible applications of high Tc
superconductors. Nowadays, narrow 2-mm coatedconductors with 2 μm superconductor-thickness areproposed to construct practical cables, and furthermore
they have been testified to be with great advantage on
AC loss reduction comparing to standard 4-mm/5-mm
coated conductors recently being widely used. Therefore,
it is important and necessary to make a detailed
discussion on AC loss characteristics of 2-mm cables.
The AC loss characteristics of superconducting powertransmission cables constructed with standard 4-mm
coated conductors (named 4-mm cables) have alreadybeen presented by [1]. Some properties of 2-mm cables
are discussed while they are compared to 4-mm cables[2, 3]. However, there is no detailed study on 2-mm
cables specifically. This paper is going to present acomprehensive analysis on the AC loss characteristics of
2-mm cables. Different number of layers, size of gaps
between adjacent coated conductors and critical current
density (Jc) distributions are selected for numericalanalysis applying a 2-D FEM model.

αβSuperconductor layer

t

ta
tu

Coated conductor
㩷Fig. 2 Diameter of one layer in a cable and configuration of
one coated conductor.

external magnetic field, as shown in Fig. 1. In this way
AC loss power density per unit volume P can becalculated by (1).
(1)
P JE J 2 / V sc
While designing the cables, inner and outer diametersof each layer are calculated to avoid overlapping, asshown in Fig. 2, by using (2).
Gn 1
Gn
(2)
cos(S / N n 1  E n 1 )  tun 1 !
 tan
2sin E n 1
2 sin E n
The configurations of 1-layer and 6-layer cables arepresented in Fig. 3. The left column is designed using
small gaps, whereas the right one using large gaps. In thesame way, 2-layer and 4-layer cables are constructed as

2. Numerical model and cable configuration
2-D FEM model has been developed and applied to
calculate AC losses. Governing equations are set foreach coated conductor with transport current, exposed to

13

3.5
Trapezoidal J , current shoulder=0.3 mmc3Small gap (SG)Medium gap (MG)
Large gap (LG)Norris strip---------AC loss (W/m)

2.5
---

2
1.5

----------

1----------

0.5



0

Fig. 3 Configurations of 1-layer and 6-layer cables, using small
size gap and large size gap.

---------1

2

4

6



Number of layers

Fig. 4 AC loss of cables with different number of layers
constructed with different size of gaps.

Table 1. Properties of cables constructed

3.5

No. of
tapes
25
51
106
165

Ic of tape
(A)
472
231
111
71

Medium gap (MG)3
Uniform J
AC loss (W/m)

Width of tape = 2 mm
Thickness = 0.002 mm
Ic of cable = 11.8 kA
It = 7.07 kA
It /Ic = 0.6

No. oflayers1
2
4
6

well. The detailed parameters are presented in Table 1.
Small gap is 0.26 mm, medium 0.36 mm and large 0.56
mm. All cables are designed to be with the same
capability, which means the same critical current (Ic).
Calculations are carried out under the same transport
current (It). Therefore, AC loss of each cable can becompared easily. Detailed information can be found in
Table 1 as well.

c

2.5

Trapezoidal J , 0.2 mm

2Trapezoidal Jc, 0.3 mm

c

1.5
1
0.5
0

1

2

4

6



Number of layers

Fig. 5 AC loss of cables with different number of layers under
different Jc distributions.
0.25

3. Numerical results and analyses
Trapezoidal Jc distribution with 0.3 mm shoulder,which is practical when using laser cut technique, isapplied with altering the size of gaps. As shown in Fig. 4,
it can be obtained that AC loss of cables can be reduced
while increasing the number of layers. Apparently,
6-layers cables generate AC loss less than half of 1-layer
cables do.
Cables with medium gaps are selected whichchanging the Jc distributions. Uniform Jc distribution is
an ideal case for comparison. The results in Fig. 5 showthat all cables are sensitive Jc distributions, no matter thenumber of layers. In 1-layer cables, AC loss increases
dramatically when the size of shoulders increase from 0
to 0.2 mm, and finally to 0.3 mm. Jc distributions haveless impact on 6-layer cables, however, there is still an
increase of AC loss around 30%.
Fig. 6 shows the detailed AC loss distributions amonglayers in 6-layer cables, which explains how AC loss ofeach layer changes while increasing the size of gaps. AC
loss of the inner 4 layers increases along with theincreasing size of gaps, because distortion of magnetic
field is getting big, whereas AC loss of the outer 2 layers
decreases, because increasing size of gap causes
increasing diameter that weakens the magnetic field.

Trapezoidal Jc 0.3 mm

AC loss (W/m)

0.2

Small gap (SG)Medium gap (MG)
Large gap (LG)

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

Layer

5th

6th



Fig. 6 AC loss distributions among layers in 6-layer cables
under different size of gaps.

the number of layers. Cables with more layers are also
more robust against gap size and Jc distributions.
Acknowledge

This work is supported by the New Energy andIndustrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO) in M-PACC project.
References
1. Q. Li, N. Amemiya, K Takeuchi, etc.: Supercond. Sci.
Technol. 2010, 23 115003
2. N. Amemiya, Q. Li, K. Ito, etc.: Supercond. Sci. Technol.
2011, 24 065013
3. Q. Li, N. Amemiya, R. Nishino, etc.: ISS 2011, SA-027,
submitted to Physica C.

4. Conclusion
Superconducting
powertransmission
cablesconstructed with narrow 2-mm coated conductors are
sensitive to number of layers, size of gaps and Jc
distributions. AC loss can be reduced when increasing

14ᕳࡁᡠࡋᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ୕┦ኚᅽჾᆺ㉸㟁ᑟ㝈ὶჾࡢᇶ♏≉ᛶ㔝⏣⩧㸨㸪ᒣ㑔೺ኴ㸪ⓑ஭ᗣஅ㸦ி㒔኱Ꮫ㸧᭹㒊ᆂభ㸪㤿ሙ᪪ᖹ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᑠᯘៅ୍㸪బ⸨ㅬ୍㸦ఫ཭㟁ᕤ㸧ィ㸴ࡘࡢ࣎ࣅ࡛ࣥྠ㍈ୖ࡟ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ෆഃ࠿ࡽ㡰࡟ A

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

㸬┦㸪B ┦㸪C ┦࡜ࡋࡓ㸧㉸㟁ᑟ㝈ὶჾ(SFCL)ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞஦ᨾ㟁ὶࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛

࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫ㸦᢬ᢠᡂศ㸪ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࣥࢫᡂศ㸧ࡀ୕┦࡛࡞ࡃ⣔⤫ࡢ⮬⏤ᗘ࡜Ᏻᐃᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ஦ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➼ࡋ࠸஦㸬஧ࡘ┠ࡣ㝈ὶືసࢆጞࡵࡿ㟁ὶ್ࡀ୕┦࡛➼ࡋ㏆ᖺୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡣ᢬ᢠ㝈ὶᆺࡢ◊✲ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠸஦㸬୕ࡘ┠ࡣྛ┦ඹ࡟⊂❧ࡋ࡚ືసࡋ㸪ከ┦ࡢᖸ΅ࢆཷ࠿ࡋ㸪ືస୰ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᾘ㈝ࡸ⥺ᮦࡢࡅ࡞࠸஦࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୕ࡘ┠ࡢ᮲௳ࡣᕳࡁᡠࡋࢥ࢖ࣝࡢእ㒊☢

 ࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࡣ୕ࡘࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ⏝タィࡋࡓ㸬୍ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪ᗘୖ᪼ࡣⰋዲ

࡞᚟ᖐ≉ᛶࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ[1],[2]㸬

ሙࡀ༑ศ࡟࢟ࣕࣥࢭࣝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᡃࠎࡢ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟༢┦ࡢᕳࡁᡠࡋᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘኚᅽჾᆺ㉸㟁ᑟ㝈ὶჾ(SFCL)ࢆస〇ࡋ㸪ᶍᨃ㟁ຊ⣔⤫࡛ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ኚᅽჾᆺ SFCL ࡛ࡣ㸪ᕳࡁᡠࡋᵓ㐀ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡼࡾⰋዲ࡞㝈ὶ≉ᛶࢆᚓࡿ஦ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸬ᡃࠎࡢస〇ࡋࡓ SFCL ࡣ஦ᨾ㟁ὶࡀᑠࡉ࠸᫬࡟ࡣࣜ࢔ࢡࢱ
ࣥࢫᡂศ࡛㝈ὶࡋ㸪஦ᨾ㟁ὶࡀ᭦࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜᢬ᢠᡂศ
ࡀຍࢃࡗ࡚㝈ὶࡍࡿ[3]㸬ࡘࡲࡾ஦ᨾ㟁ὶࡢ➨୍༙Ἴࢆ᢬ᢠ
ᡂศ࡜ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࣥࢫᡂศ࡛㝈ὶࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡢᑠࡉ࡞஦ᨾ
㟁ὶࢆࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࣥࢫᡂศ࡛㝈ὶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㝈ὶືస୰ࡢᾘ㈝࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀῶᑡࡋ㸪᚟ᖐ≉ᛶࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡿ㸬┬ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺෭༷ࢥࢫࢺࡢ๐ῶࡶᮇᚅࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᕳࡁᡠࡋᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘኚᅽჾᆺ SFCL ࡢ୰࡟ྠᵝࡢᵓ㐀࡜≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘ SFCL ࢆ⨨ࡁ㸪୕┦ྠ㍈ᵓ㐀ࡢ୕┦ SFCL
ࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬
ᮏㅮ₇࡛ࡣᶍᨃ㟁ຊ⣔⤫࡟ࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࢆ᥋⥆ࡋ㸪୕┦ᆅᅗ 1 ࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࡜ࡑࡢືస୰ࡢ☢ሙ⤡஦ᨾࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡓ㝿ࡢ㝈ὶჾࡢ㝈ὶ≉ᛶࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿ㸬⾲ 1 ࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓ㉸㟁ᑟ⥺ᮦ㻿㼡㼙㼕㼠㼛㼙㼛㻌㻰㻵㻙㻮㻿㻯㻯㻻㻌㼣㼕㼞㼑㻌㼀㼥㼜㼑㻌㻭㻯㼀㻌㻔㻿㻯㼀㻜㻞㻙㻞㻜㻝㻜㻙㻜㻝㻣㻕㻌㻿㼕㼘㼢㼑㼞㻌㼟㼔㼑㼍㼠㼔㼑㼐㻌㻹㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㼟㻌㻮㻿㻯㻯㻻㻌
㻸㼍㼙㼕㼚㼍㼠㼑㻌㼙㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㼟㻌㻯㼛㼜㼜㼑㼞㻌㼍㼘㼘㼛㼥㻌2. ࣔࢹࣝ⿦⨨ࡢ௙ᵝ࡜ᵓ㐀ࠑ2㺃1ࠒ ᕳࡁᡠࡋᵓ㐀ᕳࡁᡠࡋࢥ࢖ࣝ࡜ࡣ㸪ྠࡌ᪉ྥ࡟ᕳ࠸ࡓᚄࡢ␗࡞ࡿ஧ࡘ
ࡢࢥ࢖ࣝࢆ᥋⥆ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬஧ࡘࡢࢥ࢖ࣝࡢ㛫ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ஫࠸࡟☢⏺ࢆᙉࡵྜ࠸㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ஫࠸࡟☢
⏺ࢆᡴࡕᾘࡍ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚ᕳࡁᡠࡋࢥ࢖ࣝࡣ᢬ᢠࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࢖ࣥ

㼃㼕㼐㼠㼔㻌

㻞㻚㻤㼙㼙㻌

㻭㼢㼑㼞㼍㼓㼑㻌㼠㼔㼕㼏㼗㼚㼑㼟㼟㻌㻜㻚㻟㻝㼙㼙㻌

㻵㻯㻔㻣㻣㻷㻘㻌㻿㼑㼘㼒㻌㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐㻕㻌㻢㻜㻭㻌㼚㻙㼢㼍㼘㼡㼑㻔㻣㻣㻷㻘㻌㻿㼑㼘㼒㻌㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐㻕㻌㻝㻠㻌㻯㼞㼛㼟㼟㻙㼟㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㻌㻔㻮㻿㻯㻯㻻㻦㼟㼕㼘㼢㼑㼞㻦㼏㼛㼜㼜㼑㼞㻌㼍㼘㼘㼛㼥㻕㻌㻝㻦㻟㻦㻞㻌

㻯㼛㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㻌㼛㼒㻌㼏㼛㼜㼜㼑㼞㻌㼍㼘㼘㼛㼥㻌㻔㻯㼡㻦㻿㼚㻦㼛㼠㼔㼑㼞㼟㻕㻌㻥㻥㻚㻤㻦㻜㻚㻝㻡㻦㻜㻚㻜㻡㻌ࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫࡣᑠࡉ࠸㸬ࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࡛ࡣ㸪୍ḟഃ࡜஧ḟഃඹ࡟ᕳࡁᡠࡋᵓ㐀࡜ࡋ

ࠑ2㺃3ࠒࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࡢ࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫ

ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ஧ḟഃࡣ▷⤡ࢥ࢖ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪୍ ୍ḟഃ㟁ὶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ A ┦ࡢ࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ḟࢥ࢖ࣝ࡜஧ḟࢥ࢖ࣝࡢྜᡂ☢ሙ㸦ᕳࡁᡠࡋࢥ࢖ࣝࡢ㝽㛫ᅗ 2 ࡼࡾ₃ࢀࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࣥࢫࡣ⣙ 0.04Ȑ࡛᭷ࡿ஦ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡢ☢ሙ㸧ࢆ࢟ࣕࣥࢭࣝࡋ㸪ᚅᶵ≧ែࡢ࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫࢆᑠ

୍ḟഃ㟁ὶࡀ⣙ 35A ࡛஧ḟഃࢥ࢖ࣝࡀᖖ㟁ᑟ㌿⛣ࡋ㸪ࣜ࢔ࡉࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ 1 ࡟స〇ࡋࡓ㝈ὶჾ࡜ࡑࡢືస᫬ࡢ☢ሙࢡࢱࣥࢫᡂศࡀୖ᪼ࡋጞࡵࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪୍ḟഃ㟁ὶࡀ 80A ࢆࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㉸࠼ࡓ࠶ࡓࡾ࠿ࡽ୍ḟഃࢥ࢖ࣝࡢ᢬ᢠᡂศࡀୖ᪼ࡋጞࡵࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ୍࡚ḟഃ㟁ὶࡀ 130A ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࣥࢫᡂศࡼ

ࠑ2㺃2ࠒ ୕┦ࣔࢹࣝ㝈ὶჾࡾࡶ᢬ᢠᡂศࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬 ࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࡟⏝࠸ࡓ㉸㟁ᑟ⥺ᮦࡢ௙ᵝࢆ⾲ 1 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬స〇ࡋࡓ୕┦ᵓ㐀ࡢࣔࢹࣝ⿦⨨ࡣྛ┦㸰ࡘࡢ࣎ࣅࣥ㸪ྜ

15

Impedance of SFCL [Ȑ]0.4
Impedance of SFCL
Reactance component
Resistance component

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

50

100
Icir [Apeak]150

ᅗ 2 A ┦ࡢ࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫ≉ᛶ

3. ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ

ᅗ 5 SFCL ࢆ᥋⥆ࡋࡓሙྜ(ᕥ㯮)࡜ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙྜ(ྑ)ࡢ
஦ᨾ㟁ὶ࡜㝈ὶჾࡢ୍ḟഃ୧➃㟁ᅽ(ᕥ㉥)ࠑ3㺃1ࠒᐇ㦂ᅇ㊰
200
100
0
-100
-200
200
100
0
-100
-200

Vg-U[V] ᐇ㦂ᅇ㊰㸦୍ᶵ஧ᅇ⥺ᶍᨃ㏦㟁⣔⤫䠅ࢆᅗ 3 ࡟㸪ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࢆᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬Sw1㸪2 ࡣ㐽᩿ᶵࢆᶍᨃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Sw3 ࢆ㛢ࡌࡿ஦࡟ࡼࡾ୕┦ᆅ⤡஦ᨾࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿ㸬஦ᨾⓎ⏕ᚋ 0.1s ᚋ࡟ Sw1㸪2 ࡀ㛤ࡁ஦ᨾࢆゎ㝖ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ୍ᐃ᫬

0

0.1

0

0.1

Vg-V[V]㛫ࡓࡗࡓᚋ࡟ Sw1㸪2 ࢆ෌㛢㊰ࡍࡿ㸬Vg-W[V]

200
100
0
-100
-200

0

0.1

200
100
0
-100
-200
200
100
0
-100
-200
200
100
0
-100
-200

0

0.1

0

0.1

0

time[s]0.1
time[s]ᅗ 6 SFCL ࢆ᥋⥆ࡋࡓሙྜ(ᕥ)࡜ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙྜ(ྑ)ࡢ
஦ᨾ୰ࡢⓎ㟁ᶵฟຊ㟁ᅽᅗ 3 ᐇ㦂ᅇ㊰

4. ࡲ࡜ࡵ ᕳࡁᡠࡋᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ୕┦ྠ㍈ኚᅽჾᆺ㉸㟁ᑟ㝈ὶჾࢆ
BSCCO2223 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚స〇ࡋ㸪஦ᨾ㟁ὶࢆࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࣥࢫᡂศ
࡜᢬ᢠᡂศ࡟ࡼࡾ㝈ὶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬
ᅗ 4 ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫ ᶍᨃ㟁ຊ⣔⤫࡟ࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࢆ᥋⥆ࡋ㸪஦ᨾ㟁ὶࢆ 500A
௨ୖ࠿ࡽ 200A ⛬ᗘ࡟㝈ὶࡍࡿ஦㸪ཬࡧⓎ㟁ᶵฟຊ㟁ᅽࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ஦ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬ࠑ3㺃2ࠒᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ ஦ᨾ㟁ὶࡢἼᙧࢆᅗ 5 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ 5 ࡼࡾ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ SFCLࢆ᥋⥆ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ᭱኱࡛ 500A ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ஦ᨾ㟁ὶᩥ   ⊩ࡀὶࢀࡓࡀ㸪SFCL ࢆ᥋⥆ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ 200A ௨ୗࡲ࡛㝈ὶ
[1] K. Fushiki, et al. Design and Basic Test of SFCL of Transformer
Type by Use of Ag Sheathed BSCCO Wire, IEEE Trans. on Applied
Superconductivity, vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 1815–1818, June 2007.
[2] H. Okamoto and F. Irie, et al. Evaluation of E-J Characteristics for
Bi-2223 Wires, IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 9, No. 2,
pp. 2351-2354, June 1999.
[3] T. Nii, et al. Basic Experiments on Transformer TypeSCFCL of Rewound Structure Using BSCCO Wire, IEEE
Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 19, No. 2, pp.
1892-1895, June 2009.

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪➨୍༙Ἴ࡛ࡣ㟁ὶ࡜㟁ᅽࡢ఩┦ࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᢬ᢠᡂศ࡟ࡼࡿ㝈ὶࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ஦ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣᚎࠎ࡟㟁ὶ࡜㟁ᅽࡢ఩┦ᕪࡀᗈࡀࡾ㸪᢬ᢠᡂศࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚ࣜ࢔ࢡࢱࣥࢫᡂศ࡟ࡼࡿ㝈ὶ࡟⛣⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬 ஦ᨾ୰ࡢⓎ㟁ᶵฟຊ㟁ᅽࢆᅗ 6 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ࣔࢹࣝ SFCL ࢆ᥋⥆ࡋࡓ㝿࡟ࡣ஦ᨾ୰ࡢⓎ㟁ᶵฟຊ㟁ᅽࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦
ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬

16

࣊ࣜ࢝ࣝᆺᾏὶ 0+' Ⓨ㟁ᶵࡢᛶ⬟ண
a ᗈᓮ

࡜ࡑࡢホ౯

኱ᶞ㸪a Ṋ⏣ ᐇ㸪aBUI Anh Kiet 㸪b ᮌྜྷ ྖa ⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᾏ஦⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉b ≀㉁࣭ᮦᩱ◊✲ᶵᵓ

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
㏆ᖺ䠈ᆅ⌫⟄≧䛾㟁ᴟ䛸䝦䝸䜹䝹ᆺ௙ษ䜚ᯈ䛛䜙ᡂ䜛Ⓨ㟁✵㛫ཬ䜃䝋䝺䝜䜲䝗㉸ఏᑟ䝬䜾䝛䝑䝖ᬮ໬䜔໬▼⇞ᩱ䛾ᾘ㈝㔞

䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛾ቑ኱䠈䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶䛾ᯤῬ䛜ୡ⏺ⓗ䛻኱䛝䛺ၥ㢟䛸䛧䛶ྲྀ䜚ୖ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾Ⓨ㟁ᶵෆ㒊䛷䛿䠈㉸ఏᑟ䝬䜾䝛䝑䝖䛻䜘䜚ၥ㢟ゎỴ䛾䛯䜑䠈⮬↛䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䜢฼⏝ᾏỈ䛾㐍ධ᪉ྥ䛸䛿㏫ྥ䛝䛻☢ሙ䛜༳ຍ䛥䛧䛯Ⓨ㟁᪉ἲ䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛜┒䜣䛻⾜䜟䜜䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ᾏỈ䛿䝦䝸䜹䝹ᆺ௙ษ䜚ᯈ䛻䜘䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊⮬↛䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛻䛿ኴ㝧ග䠈㢼ຊ䛶䠈┤㐍᪉ྥ䛾ὶ䜜䛛䜙௙ษ䜚ᯈ䛾ᙧ≧䛻䛺䛹䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈ᅄ᪉䜢ᾏ䛻ᅖ䜎䜜䛯ᡃ䛜ᅜἢ䛳䛶ᅇ㌿䛩䜛ὶ䜜䛻ኚ䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛩䜛䛸䠈䛷䛿ᾏὒ䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛾฼⏝䜒㔜せ䛷䛒䜚䠈ᾏỈ䛜☢ሙ B[T]䜢ᶓษ䜛ὶ䜜䛻ኚ䜟䜛䛾䛷䠈

ἼຊⓎ㟁䠈ᾏὒ

㟁☢ㄏᑟ䛾ἲ๎䛻䜘䜚୧㟁ᴟ㛫䛻㉳㟁ຊ䛜ᗘᕪⓎ㟁䠈₻ὶ䞉ᾏὶⓎ⏕䛩䜛䠊Ⓨ 㟁 䛜 ◊ ✲ 䛥 䜜 䛶 䛔 䜛 䠊 ᾏ ὶ
MHD(Magneto-Hydro-Dynamics) Ⓨ 㟁䛿ᾏὶⓎ㟁䛾୍䛴䛷䠈సືὶయ䛸䛧䛶↓ᑾⶶ䛻Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛ᾏỈ䜢⏝䛔䛶Ⓨ㟁䛜ྍ⬟䛺䛯䜑䠈ᾏὶ୰䛻Ⓨ㟁⿦⨨䜢タ⨨䛩䜜䜀ᜏஂⓗ䛻Ⓨ㟁䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈ᾏỈ䛾㐠ື䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈Ⓨ㟁୰䛻ᐊຠᯝ䜺䝇䛷䛒䜛஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲䜢᤼ฟ䛫䛪䠈䛥䜙䛻ᶵᲔⓗ㥑ື㒊䛜↓䛔䛯䜑䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䛜ᐜ᫆䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖฼Ⅼ䜢ᣢ䛴䠊

ᅗ.1 ࣊ࣜ࢝ࣝᆺᾏὶ MHD Ⓨ㟁ᶵࡢཎ⌮ᅗᙜ◊✲ᐊ䛷䛿 1970 ᖺ௦䜘䜚㉸ఏᑟᢏ⾡䜢⏝䛔䛯ᾏὒ䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛾᭷ຠ฼⏝䛻╔

3. Ⓨ㟁ฟຊᐇ㦂┠䛧䠈ᾏὶ MHD Ⓨ㟁䛾ᇶ♏◊✲䜢⾜䛳䛶〇సࡋࡓⓎ㟁ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ὶయᦆኻࡢ

䛝䛯䠊䛤䛟᭱㏆䛷䛿䠈኱ᆺ໬䞉ᙉ☢ሙ໬䛜ᐜᐃ㸪㏻㟁ᐇ㦂㸪㉳㟁ຊᐇ㦂㸪Ⓨ㟁ฟຊ᫆䛺䝦䝸䜹䝹ᆺᾏὶ MHD Ⓨ㟁䛾◊✲䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛[1䠈2]䠊ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䛭䛾୍⎔䛸䛧䛶䠈䝦䝸䜹䝹ᆺᾏὶ MHD Ⓨ㟁ᶵ䛾᭱㐺໬䜢䜑ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪Ⓨ㟁ฟຊᐇ㦂
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬Ⓨ㟁ฟຊᐇ㦂࡟⏝࠸ࡓ ᐃᅇ㊰ࢆᅗ 2

䛦䛧䛶䠈Ⓨ㟁ᶵ䛾ᛶ⬟ண 䜢⾜䛖䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈䛭࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᮏ⿦⨨࡛ࡣ㸪7T ⣭ࢡࣛ࢖࢜ࢫࢱ䛾ホ౯䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛䠊ࢵࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ⓨ㟁ᶵ࡟ 7[T]ࡢ☢ሙࢆ༳ຍࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Ⓨ㟁ᶵ࡟ὶධࡍࡿᾏỈὶ㔞

2. Ⓨ㟁ཎ⌮ࢆ 0~30[m3/h]࡛௵ព࡟ኚ᭦࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟

ᅗ 1 䛻䝦䝸䜹䝹ᆺᾏὶ MHD Ⓨ㟁䛾ཎࡋࡓ㸬⌮ᅗ䜢♧䛩䠊䝦䝸䜹䝹ᆺⓎ㟁ᶵ䛿䠈஧㔜෇

17ᮏᐃᅇ㊰ࡣ㸪Ⓨ㟁ᶵࡢ୧㟁ᴟ࡜እ㒊

4. ࡲ࡜ࡵ

᢬ᢠࢆ㖡⥺࡛ࡘ࡞࠸࡛࠾ࡾ㸪እ㒊᢬ᢠࡢᮏ◊✲ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୧➃㟁ᅽࢆࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢὶయᦆኻࡢᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᇶ

ࢆᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ㟁ὶᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

࡟㸪࣊ࣜ࢝ࣝᆺᾏὶ MHD Ⓨ㟁ᶵࡢᛶ⬟ࡇࡢእ㒊᢬ᢠࡢ୧➃㟁ᅽࡣ FE300 ࡛グண㘓ࡋࡓ㸬 ᐃ᫬ࡢᾏỈὶ㔞ࡣ㸪10㸪20㸪ࡓ㸬ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡑࡢ᭱㐺໬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸㸪ᅇ㌿ᩘ 4㸪ࣆࢵࢳ㛗

25㸪30 [m3/h]࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᾏỈࡢ㐍ධ

᪉ྥ࡜㏫ྥࡁ࡟༳ຍࡉࢀࡿ☢ሙࢆ㡰᪉ྥ㸪 37.5[mm]㸪୰ᚰ㍈┤ᚄ 20[mm]࡜ࡋ࡚༳
㐍ධ᪉ྥ࡜ྠࡌྥࡁ࡟༳ຍࡉࢀࡿ☢ሙࢆຍ☢ሙ 7[T]⏝ࡢ࣊ࣜ࢝ࣝᆺᾏὶ MHD Ⓨ㏫᪉ྥ࡜ࡋ࡚☢ሙࡢྥࡁࢆኚ࠼࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆ㟁ᶵࢆ〇సࡋࡓ㸬〇సࡋࡓⓎ㟁ᶵ࡛ὶయᦆኻࡢ

⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ᐃࡣ 3 ᅇࡎࡘ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢᖹᆒ㟁ᐇ㦂㸪㉳㟁ຊᐇ㦂㸪Ⓨ㟁ฟຊᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜

ࢆྲྀࡗࡓ㸬
Ⓨ㟁ฟຊࡢ

ᐃ㸪㏻

ࡗࡓ㸬ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ㉳㟁ຊ㸪Ⓨᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰ࡢ◚⥺ࡣ㸪Ⓨ㟁ฟຊࡢィ⟬್࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㟁ฟຊࡣ⌮ㄽ್ࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࡞್࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ඹ࡟ὶ㏿ 4.5[m/s]௜㏆࠿ࡽࢢࣛࣇࡀ❧ࡕὶయᦆኻࡣ⌮ㄽ್ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࡞್࡜࡞ࡗ

ୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣὶ㏿ࡀ 4.5[m/s]௜

ࡓ㸬㡰☢ሙ࡜㏫☢ሙ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ㉳㟁ຊࡢ㏆࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ㉳㟁ຊࡀ㸪ᾏỈࡢ㟁Ẽศゎ኱ࡁࡉࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㸬㟁ᅽࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㡰☢ሙ࡜㏫☢

௒ᚋࡣ ᐃ್ࡀ⌮ㄽ್࡜ࡎࢀࡓཎᅉࢆ

ሙࡢ᫬࡟ฟຊࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㉳㟁⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ඹ࡟Ⓨ㟁ฟຊࡀ☢ሙ᪉ྥ࡟ࡼࡗ

ຊ࡟㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡚␗࡞ࡿཎᅉࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩[1] A. K. Bui et al.: Measurements of Flow
Loss in Helical-Type seawater MHD
Power Generator, J. Cryo. Soc. Jpn., Vol.
45, pp. 506-513 (2010).

Generator output (W)ᅗ.2 Ⓨ㟁ฟຊᐇ㦂ࡢ ᐃᅇ㊰ᅗ[2] M. Takeda: Seawater

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㡰☢ሙ

Magnetohydrodynamics Power㏫☢ሙGenerator/ Hydrogen Generator, Adv. Sci.

ィ⟬್

Tech., Vol. 75, pp. 208-214 (2010).

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Flow velocity (m/s)ᅗ.3 Ⓨ㟁ฟຊࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝ18ᾮయỈ⣲⏝ 㻹㼓㻮㻞 ᾮ㠃䝉䞁䝃䞊䛾እ㒊䝠䞊䝍䞊䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ䛚䜘䜃㻌ᾮ㠃᳨▱≉ᛶ㻌㼀㼔㼑㼞㼙㼍㼘㻌㼞㼑㼟㼜㼛㼚㼟㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻙㼐㼑㼠㼑㼏㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼍㼏㼠㼑㼞㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻹㼓㻮㻞㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㼟㼑㼚㼟㼛㼞㻌 㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼘㼕㼝㼡㼕㼐㻌㼔㼥㼐㼞㼛㼓㼑㼚㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼑㼤㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼘㻌㼔㼑㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌

Output voltage (mV)㻌๓ᕝ୍┿䠈ዉⰋὒ⾜㻘Ṋ⏣ᐇ䠄⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ䠅䠗ᯇ㔝ඃ㻘㻌 ⸨ᕝ㟼୍䠄ᒾ㇂⎰᪁䠅㻧⇃಴ᾈ᫂㻘㻌 㯮⏣ᜏ⏕䠄≀ᮦᶵᵓ䠅㻌㻹㻭㻱㻷㻭㼃㻭㻌㻷㼍㼦㼡㼙㼍䠈㻺㻭㻾㻭㻌㻴㼕㼞㼛㼥㼡㼗㼕㻘㼀㻭㻷㻱㻰㻭㻌㻹㼕㼚㼛㼞㼡㻌㻔㻷㼛㼎㼑㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻕㻧㻌 㻌㻹㻭㼀㻿㼁㻺㻻㻌㼅㼡㻘㻌㻲㼁㻶㻵㻷㻭㼃㻭㻌㻿㼔㼕㼦㼡㼕㼏㼔㼕㻌㻔㻵㼣㼍㼠㼍㼚㼕㻌㻵㼚㼐㻚㻳㼍㼟㻚㻕㻧㻌㻷㼁㻹㻭㻷㼁㻾㻭㻌㻴㼕㼞㼛㼍㼗㼕㻘㻌㻷㼁㻾㻻㻰㻭㻌㼀㼟㼡㼚㼑㼛㻌㻔㻺㻵㻹㻿㻕㻌㻱㻙㼙㼍㼕㼘㻦㻌㻝㻜㻝㼣㻡㻞㻞㼣㻬㼟㼠㼡㻚㼗㼛㼎㼑㻙㼡㻚㼍㼏㻚㼖㼜㻌㻌㻌㻝䠊䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌
㻌ᮏ◊✲ᐊ䛷䛿䚸ᾮయỈ⣲⏝እ㒊ຍ⇕ᆺ 㻹㼓㻮㻞 ᾮ㠃ィ䜢㛤㻌Ⓨ୰䛷䛒䜚䚸䛣䜜䜎䛷䛻඲㛗 㻤㻜㻜㼙㼙 䛸඲㛗 㻝㻞㻜㻜㼙㼙㻌 㻹㼓㻮㻞 ᾮ㻌㠃䝉䞁䝃䞊䛾እ㒊䝠䞊䝍䞊䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌䛧䛯㼇㻝㼉㼇㻞㼉䚹ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䝉䞁䝃䞊䛾඲㛗䜢 㻞㻜㻜㼙㼙 䛻䚸䜎䛯䚸᩿㻌⇕ᛶ⬟䛾㠀ᖖ䛻Ⰻ䛔䝯䝍䝹䛾䜽䝷䜲䜸䝇䝍䝑䝖䛻ኚ᭦䛧䛯䚹䛥䜙㻌䛻䚸㔠㕲㻙䜽䝻䝯䝹⇕㟁ᑐ ᗘィ䜢䝉䞁䝃䞊㒊ศ䛻 㻠 ⟠ᡤ䚸Ẽ㻌┦㒊ศ䛻 㻠 ⟠ᡤ䚸ィ 㻤 ⟠ᡤ䛻ྲྀ䜚௜䛡䛯䚹௒ᅇ䛿䚸㟼ⓗᾮ㠃㻌᳨▱≉ᛶ䜢ྵ䜑䛶䚸䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್䚸ᾮ㠃䛛䜙⇕㟁ᑐ䜎䛷䛾㻌㊥㞳ཬ䜃ᾮ㠃఩⨨䜢䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛸䛧䛶䚸Ẽ┦㒊ศཬ䜃䝉䞁䝃㻌䞊䛾 ᗘศᕸ䚸䝉䞁䝃䞊ฟຊཬ䜃䝉䞁䝃䞊 ᗘ䛾⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ㻌䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄪ䜉䛯䚹㻌㻌㻌㻌㻞䠊ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ㻌㻲㼕㼓㻚㻞㻌㻱㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼘㻌㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻚㻌㻌䜎䛪䚸ᐇ㦂⿦⨨䛿 㻲㼕㼓㻚㻝 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䚸㧗䛥 㻝㻞㻜㻟㻌㼙㼙 䛾䝯䝍㻌䝹䜽䝷䜲䜸䝇䝍䝑䝖䛾䝃䞁䝥䝹ᵴ䛻඲㛗 㻞㻜㻜㻌 㼙㼙 䛾 㻹㼓㻮㻞 ᾮ㠃㻌䝉䞁䝃䞊䜢ྲྀ䜚௜䛡䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸䝃䞁䝥䝹ᵴ䜘䜚ୖ㒊䛾Ẽ12㻌┦㒊ศ䛻ୖ䛛䜙⇕㟁ᑐ䐟䚸䐠䚸䐡䚸䐢䜢ྲྀ䜚௜䛡䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸䝉y = -0.0554x + 10.38
Heater input : 3 W㻌䞁䝃䞊㒊ศ䛻䛿ୖ䛛䜙⇕㟁ᑐ䐣䚸䐤䚸䐥䚸䐦䜢䛭䜜䛮䜜䚸㻞㻜㻜㻌R² = 0.9989
10
Heater input : 6 W
y = -0.0549x + 10.561
Heater input : 9 W㻌 㼙㼙䚸㻝㻢㻜㻌㼙㼙䚸㻝㻞㻜㻌㼙㼙䚸㻤㻜㻌㼙㼙 䛾ᾮ㠃᳨▱఩⨨䛻ྲྀ䜚௜䛡䛯䚹
R² = 0.9989⥺ᙧ (Heater input : 3 W)
8⥺ᙧ (Heater input : 6 W)㻌㻲㼕㼓㻚㻞 䛿ᐇ㦂䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䛒䜛䚹䛩䜉䛶䛾䝕䞊䝍䛿䝕䞊䝍䝻䜺䞊y = -0.0553x + 10.67
R² = 0.9989⥺ᙧ (Heater input : 9 W)㻌䛷཰㘓䛧䚸䝕䞊䝍䝻䜺䞊䛿 㻼㻯 䛷ไᚚ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ḟ䛻㟼ⓗᾮ㠃6㻌᳨▱≉ᛶ䛾ᐇ㦂䛷䛿䚸ᾮ㠃㟼Ṇ᫬䛻 ᐃ㟁ὶ䜢 㻝㻜㻌 㼙㻭 ὶ䛧䚸㻌䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್䜢 㻟㻌㼃䚸㻢㻌㼃䚸㻥㻌㼃 ධຊ䛧䚸ᾮ㠃䜢ගᏛほ ❆4㻌䛛䜙ほ 䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸ᾮ㠃䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䛶ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹ḟ䛻䚸
2㻌ᗘศᕸィ 䛾ᐇ㦂䛷䛿䚸 ᐃ㟁ὶ䜢 㻝㻜㻌㼙㻭 ὶ䛧䚸䝠䞊䝍䞊ධ㻌ຊ್䛜 㻟㻌㼃䚸㻢㻌㼃䚸㻥㻌㼃 䛾䛸䛝䛻䚸ᾮయỈ⣲䛾ᾮ㠃䛜 㻞㻜㻜㻌㼙㼙
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䛛䜙 㻜㻌㼙㼙 䛻ୗ䛜䜛䜎䛷ᾮ㠃䝉䞁䝃䞊ཬ䜃Ẽ┦㒊ศ䛾 ᗘィ
Level read from scale (mm)㻌䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹᭱ᚋ䛻䚸⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ䛾ᐇ㦂䛷䛿䚸䝉䞁䝃䞊 ᐃ㟁㻌ὶ䜢 㻝㻜㻌㼙㻭 ὶ䛧䚸እ㒊䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್䜢▐㛫ⓗ䛻 㻟㻌㼃䚸㻢㻌㼃䚸㻌㻥㻌㼃䚸㻝㻞㻌㼃䚸㻝㻡㻌㼃 ධຊ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻タᐃ䛧䚸䝉䞁䝃䞊ฟຊ㟁ᅽ㻲㼕㼓㻚㻟㻌㻾㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌㼎㼑㼠㼣㼑㼑㼚㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼢㼛㼘㼠㼍㼓㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻞㻜㻜㻙㼙㼙㻌㻹㼓㻮㻞㻌㻌ཬ䜃䠐⟠ᡤ䛾 㻹㼓㻮㻞 ᾮ㠃䝉䞁䝃䞊䛾 ᗘ䛜䛭䜜䛮䜜୍ᐃ䛻䛺㼟㼑㼚㼟㼛㼞㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㼞㼑㼍㼐㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼟㼏㼍㼘㼑㻌㼍㼟㻌㼍㻌㼜㼍㼞㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㼔㼑㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㻌䜛䜎䛷䛾᫬㛫䛾ィ 䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹㻌㼕㼚㼜㼡㼠㻚㻌
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㻲㼕㼓㻚㻠㻌㻾㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌㼎㼑㼠㼣㼑㼑㼚㻌㼠㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻞㻜㻜㻙㼙㼙㻌㻹㼓㻮㻞㻌㻲㼕㼓㻚㻝㻌㻿㼏㼔㼑㼙㼍㼠㼕㼏㻌㼐㼕㼍㼓㼞㼍㼙㻌㼛㼒㻌㼑㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼘㻌㼍㼜㼜㼍㼞㼍㼠㼡㼟㻚㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㼟㼑㼚㼟㼛㼞㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼐㼕㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼘㼕㼝㼡㼕㼐㻌㼟㼡㼞㼒㼍㼏㼑㻌㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼑㼞㼙㼛㼏㼛㼡㼜㼘㼑㻌 㻌㼍㼟㻌㼍㻌㼜㼍㼞㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㼔㼑㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㼕㼚㼜㼡㼠㻚㻌

19



80.0

Heater input : 3 W
70.0

Temperature (K)

㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌

Heater input : 6 W
y = 4E-06x3 - 0.0033x2 + 0.7211x + 22.94
R² = 0.9948

Heater input : 9 W

60.0

y = 7E-06x3 - 0.0037x2 + 0.6506x + 20.109
R² = 0.9924

50.0

40.0

y = 5E-06x3 - 0.0027x2 + 0.452x + 18.328
R² = 0.985

30.0
㻌
㻌
20.0
0
20
40
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㻌
Distance from liquid surface to thermocouple䐣 (mm)㻌㻌㻌 㻲㼕㼓㻚㻡㻌㻾㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌㼎㼑㼠㼣㼑㼑㼚㻌㼠㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻞㻜㻜㻙㼙㼙㻌㻹㼓㻮㻞㻌㻌 㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㼟㼑㼚㼟㼛㼞㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼐㼕㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼘㼕㼝㼡㼕㼐㻌㼟㼡㼞㼒㼍㼏㼑㻌㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼑㼞㼙㼛㼏㼛㼡㼜㼘㼑㻌 㻌㻌 㼍㼟㻌㼍㻌㼜㼍㼞㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㼔㼑㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㼕㼚㼜㼡㼠㻚㻌

3.50

9

3.00

8
7

2.50

6

2.00

5

1.50

4

Output voltage

3
2

1.00

Heater input

1

0.50

Heater input (W)Output voltage (mV)10㻲㼕㼓㻚㻤㻌㼀㼕㼙㼑㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼢㼛㼘㼠㼍㼓㼑㻌㼍㼠㻌㼘㼕㼝㼡㼕㼐㻌㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌 㻌㻝㻠㻜㻌㼙㼙㻌㼍㼟㻌㼍㻌㼜㼍㼞㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㼔㼑㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㼕㼚㼜㼡㼠㻚㻌
㻌
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

㻲㼕㼓㻚㻥㻌㻼㼔㼛㼠㼛㼓㼞㼍㼜㼔㻌㼛㼒㻌㻹㼓㻮㻞㻌㼟㼑㼚㼟㼛㼞㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼏㼍㼘㼑㻚㻌㻌
Time (s)㻲㼕㼓㻚㻡 䛻⇕㟁ᑐ䐣䛸ᾮ㠃䛛䜙䛾㊥㞳䛸 ᗘ䛾㛵ಀ䜢♧䛩䚹䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್ 㻟㻌㼃 䛾ᕪ䛷䝉䞁䝃䞊 ᗘ䛜⣙ 㻝㻜㻷 ୖ᪼䛧䛶䛔㻌㻌 㻲㼕㼓㻚㻢㻌㼀㼕㼙㼑㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼛㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼢㼛㼘㼠㼍㼓㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼔㼑㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㼕㼚㼜㼡㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻟㻌㼃㻚㻌䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䚹㻲㼕㼓㻚㻢 䛸 㻲㼕㼓㻚㻣 䛻䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್ 㻟㻌㼃 䛻䛚䛡䜛䝉䞁䝃䞊ฟຊ䛾⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ䛸䝉䞁䝃䞊 ᗘ䛾⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ䜢♧䛩䚹䛣䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸䝉䞁䝃䞊 ᗘ䛜୍ᐃ䛻䛺䜛䜎䛷䛾᫬㛫䛻ẚ䜉䛶䚸䝉䞁䝃䞊ฟຊ䛾ᛂ⟅᫬㛫䛿㠀ᖖ䛻▷䛔஦䛜ศ䛛䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸䛣䛾䝉䞁䝃䞊䛾᢬ᢠ್䛾 ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ䛜ᑡ䛺䛔஦䜢⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻲㼕㼓㻚㻤 䛿ᾮ㠃 㻝㻠㻜㻌㼙㼙 䛾఩⨨䛻䛚䛡䜛䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್䜢䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛸䛧䛯䝉䞁䝃䞊ฟຊ䛾⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ䛾⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䚹䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್䛜 㻟㻌 㼃 䛾ሙྜ䚸ᐃᖖ≧ែ䛻䛺䜛䜎䛷䛾᫬㛫䛿⣙ 㻜㻚㻡 ⛊䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸㻢㻌㼃 ௨ୖ䛷䛿⣙ 㻜㻚㻟 ⛊䛸᪩䛛䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛻㛵䛧䛶䜒䚸඲㛗 㻤㻜㻜㻌㼙㼙 䝉䞁䝃䞊䜔඲㛗 㻝㻞㻜㻜㻌㼙㼙 䛾䝉䞁䝃䞊䛸ྠ䛨ഴྥ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹᭱ᚋ䛻䚸ᾮయỈ⣲୰䛾 㻹㼓㻮㻞 䝉䞁䝃䞊䛸䝇䜿䞊䝹䛾෗┿䜢 㻲㼕㼓㻚㻥 䛻♧䛩䚹㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻠䠊䜎䛸䜑㻌
௒ᅇ䚸඲㛗 㻞㻜㻜㻌㼙㼙 䝉䞁䝃䞊䜢౑⏝䛧䛯ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䚸)LJ7LPHFKDUWRIWHPSHUDWXUHDWKHDWHULQSXWRI㟼ⓗᾮ㠃᳨▱≉ᛶ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䚸䝉䞁䝃䞊ฟຊ䛾⇕ᛂ⟅ᛶ䛻
:䛚䛔䛶䜒䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್䛿 㻢㻌㼃 ௨ୖ䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䛳䛯䚹䝉䞁䝃䞊 ᗘ䛻ཬ䜌䛩እ㒊䝠䞊䝍䞊䛻䜘䜛ຍ⇕ຠᯝ䛿䚸㻌ᾮ㠃䛛䜙⣙ 㻝㻜㻜㻌 㼙㼙 ௨ୖ䛷䛿኱䛝䛟䛺䜛䛜䚸䛣䜜䛿⵨Ⓨ䜺䝇㻟䠊ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ㻌䛻䜘䜛෭༷ຠᯝ䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䜛䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹௒ᚋ䛿䚸እ㒊䝠䞊䜎䛪䚸㟼ⓗᾮ㠃᳨▱≉ᛶ䛾ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ䜢 㻲㼕㼓㻚㻟 䛻♧䛩䚹䝠䞊䝍䞊䛾᭱㐺໬䛾୍䛴䛸䛧䛶䚸䝠䞊䝍䞊ศ๭᪉ᘧ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨䝍䞊ධຊ್䛜 㻟㻌㼃 䛾᫬䛛䜙䚸┦㛵ಀᩘ䛜 㻜㻚㻥㻥㻤㻥 䛷䛒䜚䚸㠀ᖖウ䛧䚸㻸㻴㻞 ⯪䛻ᦚ㍕䛧䛯ሙྜ㻔㻝㻜㻌㼙 ⣭㻕䛾䝠䞊䝍䞊䛾᭱㐺໬䛻䛻┤⥺ᛶ䛜Ⰻ䛔䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್䛜 㻟㻌ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐ணᐃ䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌㼃 䛾ሙྜ䚸㻢㻌 㼃 ௨ୖ䛻ẚ䜉䛶᭷ຠᾮ㠃᳨▱㛗䛥䛜▷䛔䛣䛸㻌㻌㻌䛛䜙䚸ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒 㻢㻌 㼃 ௨ୖධຊ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛ㅰ㎡㻌䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸඲㛗 㻤㻜㻜㻌㼙㼙 䝉䞁䝃䞊䜔඲㛗 㻝㻞㻜㻜㻌㼙㼙 䝉䞁䝃䞊䛸ྠ䛨ഴྥ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ḟ䛻䚸䝉䞁䝃䞊 ᗘ䛻ཬ䜌䛩እ㒊䝠㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᮏ ◊ ✲ 䛾 ୍ 㒊 䛻 ᑐ 䛧 䛶 䚸 ⛉ ◊ ㈝ ᣮ ᡓ ⓗ ⴌ ⱆ ◊ ✲㻔㻞㻟㻢㻡㻢㻡㻡㻜㻕䛾᥼ຓ䜢ཷ䛡䜎䛧䛯䚹䛣䛣䛻ឤㅰ䛾ព䜢⾲䛧䜎䛩䚹㻌 㻌 㻌䞊䝍䞊䛻䜘䜛ຍ⇕ຠᯝ䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄪ䜉䛯⤖ᯝ䜢 㻲㼕㼓㻚㻠 䛻♧䛩䚹㻌䛣䛣䛷䚸㻲㼕㼓㻚㻠 䛿ᾮ㠃䛛䜙⇕㟁ᑐ䜎䛷䛾㊥㞳䛸 ᗘ䛾㛵ಀ䛷ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌䛒䜛䚹䝠䞊䝍䞊ධຊ್䛜 㻜㻌 㼃 䛾ሙྜ䚸ᾮ㠃䛛䜙⣙ 㻝㻜㻜㻌 㼙㼙 ⛬㻝㻚 㻷㻚㻹㼍㼑㼗㼍㼣㼍㻘㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻚㻦㻌㻭㼎㼟㼠㼞㼍㼏㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻯㻿㻶㻌㻯㼛㼚㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼏㼑㻘㻌㼂㼛㼘㻚㻌㻤㻞㻌ᗘ䜎䛷䛿⵨Ⓨ䜺䝇䛻䜘䜚䚸䛣䛾䝉䞁䝃䞊䛾㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ ᗘ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻕㻌㼜㻚㻝㻟㻜㻌㼀㼏㻔⣙ 㻟㻞㻌 㻷㻕௨ୗ䛾 ᗘ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸䝠䞊㻞㻚㻷㻚㻹㼍㼑㼗㼍㼣㼍㻘㻌㼑㼠㻌㼍㼘㻚㻦㻌㻭㼎㼟㼠㼞㼍㼏㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻯㻿㻶㻌㻯㼛㼚㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼏㼑㻘㻌㼂㼛㼘㻚㻌㻤㻟㻌䝍䞊䜢ධຊ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸䛩䜉䛶䛾ᾮ㠃䛻䛚䛔䛶 㼀㼏 ௨ୖ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻜㻕㻌㼜㻚㻞㻤㻜㻌䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿 㻢㻌㼃 ௨ୖ䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䛳䛯䚹ḟ䛻䚸㻌
0

0.00

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

20

㉮ᰝࢺࣥࢿࣝ SQUID ☢Ẽ㢧ᚤ㙾࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࣈᙧ≧ࡢຠᯝᐑᡞ ♸἞ 1㸪ᯇ⃝ ⱥ 1㸪Ώ㑓 㥽㏻ 1㸪ᯘ ᛅஅ 2, 3㸪❧ᮌ ᐇ 3㸪⣒㷂 ⚽ኵ 1኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᇶ♏ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ 1, ௝ྎ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ 2, ≀㉁࣭ᮦᩱ◊✲ᶵᵓ 3E-mail: miyato@sup.ee.es.osaka-u.ac.jp

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

1.

 ㏆ᖺࡢ☢Ẽグ㘓፹యࡢ㧗ᐦᗘ໬ࡸࢫࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢡ
ࢫࡢⓎᒎ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊᚤ⣽☢Ẽᵓ㐀ࢆほᐹࡍࡿ㔜せᛶࡀቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⛬ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ศゎ⬟࡛☢Ẽࢆィࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㉮ᰝࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㢧ᚤ㙾ࡢ୍✀ࡢ☢Ẽຊ㢧ᚤ㙾(MFM)ࡣศゎ⬟ࡢඃࢀࡓᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
MFM ࡣ☢Ẽ໙㓄࡟ẚ౛ࡋࡓຊࢆ᳨ฟࡋ࡚☢Ẽീࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࠊᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ
㉸ఏᑟ㔞Ꮚᖸ΅⣲Ꮚ(SQUID)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ☢Ẽ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛࠶ࡿ SQUID ☢Ẽ㢧ᚤ㙾ࡣࠊ☢Ẽࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ

ᐃࡍࡿᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ ᐃᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ┤᥋ SQUID ࢭࣥࢧࢆヨᅗ 1 STM-SQUID ࡢ⿦⨨ᵓᡂ.

ᩱ࡟㏆࡙ࡅ࡚☢Ẽࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿ᪉ᘧ࡛ࡣࠊSQUID ࠶ࡿᐇ㦂࣭ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ

࠸ࡣࣆࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࢥ࢖ࣝࡢࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศゎ⬟ࡀ

2.

ไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ㧗ศゎ⬟ほᐹࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ

 㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ STM-SQUID ࡣࠊᕷ㈍ࡢ㉮ᰝࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㢧ᚤࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࡢࡶ࡜ࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ㉮ᰝࢺࣥࢿࣝ㢧ᚤ㙾 (JSPM-5410, ᪥ ᮏ 㟁 Ꮚ ) ࢆ ࣋ ࣮ ࢫ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊ

㙾(STM)࡜ SQUID ☢Ẽ㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ㉮ᰝࢺ

SQUID ࡟ࡣ SrTiO3 ᇶᯈୖ࡟ YBa2Cu3O7-x ࢆ PLD

ࣥࢿࣝ SQUID ☢Ẽ㢧ᚤ㙾(STM-SQUID)ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ἲ࡟ࡼࡾᡂ⭷࣭ຍᕤࡋࡓ࣡ࢵࢩࣕࢧ࢖ࢬ 3.5 mm ࡢ

ࡿ[1]ࠋࡇࡢ㢧ᚤ㙾ࡣࠊᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ヨᩱ࡜ SQUID

rf-SQUID ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ~ 650 MHz ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ࡛㥑ືࡋࡓࠋࡲ

ࡢ㛫࡟㧗㏱☢⋡ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ㓄⨨ࡋࡓ⿦⨨ᵓᡂࢆ᭷ࡓࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡣඛ➃᭤⋡༙ᚄࡀ 100 nm ௨ୗ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ

ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡀࣇࣛࢵࢡࢫ࢞࢖ࢻ࡜ࡋ࡚ヨ࠺ࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖⥺ࢆ㟁ゎ◊☻ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋᩱ⾲㠃ࡢᒁᡤ☢Ẽࢆ SQUID ࡟ᑟࡃᙺ๭࡜ࠊࣉ࣮ࣟ

STM-SQUID ࢆ⏝࠸࡚☢ᛶయヨᩱࢆࣈ࣭ヨᩱ㛫㊥㞳ไᚚࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ࢺࣥࢿࣝ㟁ὶࢆ᳨

ᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊヨᩱࡣࣂࣇ◊☻ࡋࡓ Ni ヨᩱ࡛ࠊฟࡍࡿᙺ๭ࡢ୧᪉ࢆවࡡഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾヨᩱࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡟ࡣ┤ᚄ 600 μm ࡢࡶࡢࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ࡢ⾲㠃ᙧ≧ീ࡜☢Ẽീࢆྠ᫬࡟ྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟ᯝ࠿ࡽ᫂░࡟☢Ẽᵓ㐀ࢆほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿

ᐃࡋࡓ୍౛ࢆ

࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᚑ᮶ᡭἲࡼࡾ㧗ศゎ⬟࠿ࡘᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟☢Ẽࢆᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
௒ᅇࡢⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊSTM-SQUID ࡟࠾࠸࡚☢ᛶᮦᩱࢆᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓၥ㢟Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࠊ

ࡇࡢཎᅉࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ☢Ẽᐃࡢせ࡛࠶ࡿࣉࣟ

࣮ࣈࡀヨᩱ㏆ഐ࡛☢Ẽࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣆࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࡋࠊ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈᙧ≧ࡀ

ᅗ 2 STM-SQUID ࡛☢Ẽീ࡟ほ ࡉࢀࡓ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕
ࣇ࢓ࢡࢺ. Ni ヨᩱࡢ(a)⾲㠃ᙧ≧ീ࠾ࡼࡧ(b)☢Ẽീ.
㯤Ⰽࡢ୸࡛ᅖࡗࡓ఩⨨࡟✺㉳ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐᛂࡋ,☢Ẽീ࡟ࡶࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡢኚ໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ.

ᐃ☢Ẽࡢ᝟ሗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞

ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆࠊᐇ㝿ࡢᐇ㦂࠾ࡼࡧࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞ
ࢩࣙࣥ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ

21ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊヲ⣽࡟ࡳࡿ࡜኱ࡁ࡞✺㉳ࡀ࠶ࡿ఩⨨࡟ࡣ㏉ࡋ࡚ SQUID ࡀ᳨ฟࡍࡿ☢Ẽࢆồࡵ࡚ࠊࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣟ

☢Ẽീ࡟ࡶྠࡌᙧ≧ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺኚ໬ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲♧ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊᅗ 3(c)ࡣᐇ㦂࠿ࡽᚓ⾲㠃ᙧ≧࡟ࡼࡿ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕ࣇ࢓ࢡࢺࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡓ SQUID ฟຊ㟁ᅽࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ୧

☢ᛶయࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸࣑࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࣥヨᩱࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ࢔

⪅ࡢᙧࡣࡼࡃ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࡀ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣇ࢓ࢡࢺࡣほࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ[2]ࠊ

ጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᅗ 3(b)ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡣ࢜௒ᅇࡢཎᅉࢆゎᯒࡍࡿ࡜ࠊヨᩱ඲యࡀ᭷ࡍࡿᖹᆒⓗ࡞ࣇࢭࢵࢺࡢ☢Ẽࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᅗ 3(a)☢Ẽࡀ⫼ᬒⓗ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࠊ᥈㔪࣭ヨ࠿ࡽࡶศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヨᩱ⾲㠃ࡢᒁᡤⓗ࡞☢᮰ࡣୗྥᩱ㛫㊥㞳ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ SQUID ࡜ヨᩱࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞㊥㞳ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈୖ᪉(region1)࡟࠾࠸࡚࿘

ኚືࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜ࠊ ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⫼ᬒ☢Ẽࡶኚືࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ᅖ࠿ࡽࡢୖྥࡁࡢ☢᮰ࡀὶධࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢ⫼ᬒ☢Ẽࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢࡓࡵࣉ࣮ࣟࣈୖ᪉࡟࠶ࡿ SQUID ࡟ࡶୖྥࡁ ṇࡋ࠸☢Ẽ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࡇࡢ⫼ᬒ☢Ẽࡢᙳࡢ☢᮰ࡀ㏻ࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣇࢭࢵࢺࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㡪ࢆᑡ࡞ࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣇࣛࢵࢡ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ⾲㠃ᙧ≧࡟ࡼࡿ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕ࣇ࢓ࢡ

ࢫ࢞࢖ࢻ࡜࡞ࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡀヨᩱ㏆ഐࡢ☢Ẽࢆ࡝ࡢࡼࢺࢆ㜵ࡄ࡟ࡣࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈୖ᪉࠿ࡽὶධࡍࡿ⫼ᬒ☢Ẽࢆ࠺࡟ࣆࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡜

పῶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ ᐃࡉࢀࡋࠊ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ヨᩱ࡛࠶ࡿ࣑࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ᭷

ࡿ☢Ẽ࡟୚࠼ࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࣈᙧ≧ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㝈せ⣲ἲ࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ(OPERA-3d, Vector࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢ┤ᚄࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡓሙྜࡸࠊඛ➃ゅࢆኚ࠼ࡓFields)ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ௨๓࡟ሗ࿌ࡋࡓ࣑࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࣥࡢᐇ

ሙྜ࡞࡝ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾࣉ࣮ࣟ

㦂ࡢ᮲௳࡜ྠࡌ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࣛ࢖ࣥ&ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡀࡑࢀ

ࣈᙧ≧ࢆኚ࠼࡚ྲྀᚓࡋࡓࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢ⤖ᯝ

ࡒࢀ 5 μm ࡢヨᩱ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ┤ᚄ 600 μm ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡛

ࢆᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ┤ᚄ 100 μm ࡜ 600 μm ࡜࡛ࡣࠊ┤ᚄᐃࡋࡓሙྜࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࠊᐇ㦂࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓヨᩱࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࠊ

100 μm ࡢ᪉ࡀᒁᡤ☢Ẽ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ᣺ᖜࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ

SQUID ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢࡋ࡚☢᮰ศᕸࢆồࡵࠊ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࢜ࣇࢭࢵࢺࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊඛ➃ゅࢆኚ࠼SQUID ᳨࡛ฟࡉࢀࡿ☢Ẽࡶィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋᅗ 3(a)࡟࣑࢔ࣥ

࡚ࡶ᣺ᖜࡣ኱ࡁࡃࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊඛ➃ゅࡀᑠࡉ࠸᪉

ࢲࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ୰ኸ࡟ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡀ఩⨨ࡋࡓ᫬ࡢ☢᮰ศᕸࡀ࢜ࣇࢭࢵࢺࢆῶࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᙜ᪥ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊヨᩱ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓ఩ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢᨵⰋࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ

⨨࠿ࡽࡶࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡟☢᮰ࡀᑟ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿
ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᅗ 3(b)ࡣࠊ(a)࡛⾜ࡗࡓྠᵝࡢィ⟬ࢆ࣑࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࣥࡢᶓ᩿᪉ྥ࡟ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ఩⨨ࢆ⛣ືࡋ࡚⧞ࡾ

ᅗ 4 ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈᙧ≧ࢆኚ࠼ࡓ᫬࡟ SQUID ᳨࡛ฟࡉࢀࡿ☢Ẽࡢ࣑࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࣥୖࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
ィ⟬⤖ᯝ. (a)ඛ➃ࡢᙧ≧ࢆኚ࠼ࡎ࡟┤ᚄࢆ 100 μm
࡜ 600 μm ࡟ࡋࡓሙྜ࡜(b)ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ┤ᚄࢆ 100 μm
࡟⤫୍ࡋ࡚ 90r࠿ࡽ 2rࡲ࡛ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈඛ➃ゅࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡓሙྜ. (a)ࡢᤄධᅗࡣ࣑࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࣥࡢᴫᙧ.

ᅗ 3 ༳ຍ㟁ὶ 100 mA ࡢタᐃ࡛࣑࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࣥࢆ
STM-SQUID ࡟ࡼࡾ ᐃࡋࡓ᫬ࡢ☢᮰ศᕸ. (a)ࢩ࣑
࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥィ⟬ࡋࡓヨᩱ㏆ഐࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆྵࡴ
᩿㠃࡛ࡢ☢᮰ศᕸࡢ୍౛. ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡀ࣑࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖
ࣥࡢ୰ኸ࡟࠶ࡿሙྜ. region1 ࡜ 2 ࡜࡛ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈෆ࡟
Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ☢᮰ࡢ᪉ྥࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ.
(b) SQUID ᳨࡛ฟࡉࢀࡿ☢Ẽࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
ィ⟬⤖ᯝ.⏝࠸ࡓ SQUID ࡢ᭷ຠ㠃✚࠿ࡽ☢᮰ᐦᗘ࡟᥮⟬ࡋ࡚⾲♧. (c)ᐇ㦂ࡼࡾᚓࡓ SQUID ฟຊ㟁ᅽࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ. ᤄධᅗ: ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆྲྀᚓ
ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ(ୖ)⾲㠃ᙧ≧ീ࠾ࡼࡧ(ୗ)☢Ẽീ.

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩[1] T. Hayashi, M. Tachiki, and H. Itozaki, “STM-SQUID probe
microscope” , Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol. 20, pp. S374–S379,
Nov. 2007.
[2] N. Watanabe, T. Hayashi, M. Tachiki, D. He and H. Itozaki,“Evaluation of an STM-SQUID Probe Microscope”, IEEE Trans.
Appl. Supercond., vol. 21, pp. 420-423, Jun. 2011.

22

Nonlinear Response of YBa2Cu3O7-δ Thin Films to High-Field Terahertz Pulses
A. Glossner1,3, C. Zhang1, S. Kikuta1, I. Kawayama1,2, H. Murakami1, P. Müller3, M. Tonouchi1
1

Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 26, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
2
PRESTO-JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan3
Department of Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

tightly onto the YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films which were cooled
below their critical temperature.
To vary the electric field strength at the sample position
while keeping the polarization constant, a set of rotatable wire
grids was used. This was possible because of the excellent
signal-to-noise ratio of our system. It permitted both low- andhigh-field measurements at temperatures far below Tc, eventhough the high surface impedance of the thin film leads to asmall transmission in the superconducting state.

Abstract—We are examining the time-resolved behavior of
the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ in thepresence of strong THz electric fields polarized in its a-b plane.
It is found that for increasing field strengths, there is a sharp
drop in the spectral weight of the superconducting contributions.
At the same time, the imaginary part of the conductivity strongly
decreases. The frequency and temperature dependence for weakTHz electric fields agrees with previous studies of YBa2Cu3O7-δ.
This dampening of the superconductivity for strong fields ishighly remarkable, because the photon energy was more than anorder of magnitude smaller than the energy gap of YBCO. Thiseliminates photon-induced Cooper pair breaking as a possible
reason for the sharp decrease of the imaginary part of the
conductivity. We therefore conclude that field-related effects are
the probable cause for the breakup of superconducting pairs.

III. RESULTS
We find that the superconducting properties of the
YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films clearly depend on the THz electricfield strength. This is already evident from the bare timedomain data as measured with electro-optic detection. For
temperatures below Tc the pulse shape changes strongly withvarying field strength (Fig. 1). In the case of strong appliedTHz fields, the kinetic inductance of the superconducting filmis altered and the transmission increases drastically (redcurve). Above Tc, no evident field-dependence is observablein the time-domain transients.

I. INTRODUCTIONYBa2Cu3O7-δ has been studied in great detail with
Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and pumpprobe experiments have allowed for the in-depth investigationof nonequilibrium phenomena. In particular, thesuperconducting pair and quasiparticle relaxation dynamics
have been extensively examined [1]. Most recently, theelectron-lattice interactions in YBa2Cu3O7-δ have been
investigated after midinfrared excitation. It was shown that astrong femtosecond excitation leads to a competition between
the population of phonons and the depletion of thesuperconducting condensate [2].
To our knowledge, however, none of the high-Tc
superconductors has been examined for its time-resolved
response to the transmission of intense single-cycle THz
pulses. For the first time, we are looking at YBa2Cu3O7-δ thinfilms in presence of THz electric fields of tens of kV/cm. The
field polarization in the a-b plane allowed for a direct
examination and modification of the in-plane conductivity.
II. EXPERIMENT
Optical rectification in a LiNbO3 crystal was used togenerate the intense single-cycle THz pulses. The tilted-pulsefront method ensured a high pump-to-THz generation
efficiency. In a setup similar to the one by Hirori et al. [3], a1800 grooves/mm diffraction grating and two cylindricallenses allowed for a high diffraction efficiency and aminimization of pulse distortions. The THz beam was focused

FIGURE 1: THz pulses transmitted through a 45 nm
YBa2Cu3O7 thin film on LSAT. The time-domain transients,
measured by electro-optic sampling, are shown fortemperatures well below (upper half) and above (lower half)
Tc=88 K. All curves were normalized to measurements of thebare LSAT substrate in the same configurations.

23

Those remarkable results would not have been possible
without the availability of high-field single-cycle THz pulses.
The ultrashort, intense pulses allow for a clear separation ofthis Franz-Keldysh-like behavior from other effects such as aphoton-induced pair-breaking or heating of the sample.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We are grateful to M. Nagai (Osaka U.), S. Tani (Kyoto U.),K. Tanaka (Kyoto U.) and I. Katayama (Yokohama
National U.) for insight and inspiring discussions.
REFERENCES[1] R.D. Averitt, G. Rodriguez, J.L.W. Siders, S.A. Trugman
and A.J. Taylor, “Conductivity artifacts in optical-pump THzprobe measurements of YBa2Cu3O7,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B., 17(2000), p. 327.
[2] A. Pashkin, M. Porer, M. Beyer, K. W. Kim, A. Dubroka,
C. Bernhard, X. Yao, Y. Dagan, R. Hackl, A. Erb, J. Demsar,
R. Huber, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Femtosecond Response of
Quasiparticles
andPhononsinSuperconducting
YBa2Cu3O7-δ
Studiedby
WidebandTerahertz
Spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 067001 (2010).
[3] H. Hirori, A. Doi, F. Blanchard, and K. Tanaka, “Singlecycle terahertz pulses with amplitudes exceeding 1 MV/cm
generated by optical rectification in LiNbO3,” Appl. Phys.
Lett. 98(9), 091106 (2011).
[4] A. Pimenov, A. Loidl, G. Jakob, and H. Adrian, ‘‘Opticalconductivity in YBa2Cu3O7–d thin films,’’ Phys. Rev. B 59,
4390–4393 (1999).
[5] A. Frenkel, F. Gao, Y. Liu, J. F. Whitaker, C. Uher, S. Y.
Hou, and J. M. Phillips, ‘‘Conductivity peak, relaxation
dynamics, and superconducting gap of YBa2Cu3O7 studied
by terahertz and femtosecond optical spectroscopies,’’ Phys.
Rev. B 54, 1355–1365 (1996).

FIGURE 2: Field-dependent complex relative permittivity. E0

corresponds to a field strength of roughly 30 kV cm-1 and thelines are fits according to the two-fluid model ofsuperconductivity.

The field-dependent behavior is clearly reflected in achange of the electrodynamic properties of the sample. The
imaginary part of the conductivity shifts to lower values in thefrequency range between 0.2 and 0.8 THz when the appliedfield is stronger. Similarly, the real part of the relative
permittivity increases for high electric field strengths(see Fig. 2), until the sample becomes almost nonsuperconducting.
A two-fluid model fit of the data for weak electric fields
yields scattering rates and spectral weights of thesuperconducting contributions that agree with previous
determinations [4, 5].
IV. DISCUSSION
Remarkably, the field-dependent, nonlinear behavior of thesuperconductivity in YBCO cannot be explained byconventional effects. Photon-induced pair breaking is notpossible because the photon energy in the used frequency
range is far below the energy gap of YBCO. Similarly, inspite of the high electric fields that were applied, the THz
pulse energy was merely in the microjoule range. This rulesout heating of the sample as an explanation for the Cooper
pair breakup and the evident dampening of thesuperconductivity in the YBCO thin film samples.
Our results therefore clearly suggest a field-induced
destruction of the superconducting pairs. We find that thehigh THz field strengths of several tens of kV cm-1 areleading to a deformation of the band structure of YBCO,
similartothe dynamic Franz-Keldysh-effect insemiconductors. This band structure change in turn facilitates
the breakup of Cooper pairs, which explains the drastic fielddependence of the electrodynamic properties atsuperconducting temperatures.

24ศᏊ⥺࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩ࣮ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗ⷧ⭷ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㉸ఏᑟࢺࣥࢿࣝ᥋ྜࡢస〇12

3

ᇸ኱㝔 , ⌮◊ , ᮾ໭኱㝔  ‫℈ۑ‬ᑿ ಇᖾ 1, ᭷ྜྷ ㄔ୍㑻 2, ⏣஭㔝 ᚭ 1, ྂ㈡ ೺♸ 2,3,ྂᕝ ᪼ 2, ᫂㐃 ᗈ᫛ 1, ኱㇂ ▱⾜ 2,3
1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ᅛయᮦᩱࡢሙྜࠊࡿࡘࡰࡢ୰࡛᢬ᢠຍ

⌧ᅾࠊࣇ࢛ࢺ᳨ࣥฟჾ࡜ࡋ࡚ᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸

⇕ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㟁Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒࡛ຍ⇕ࡋศᏊ⥺ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿ༙ᑟయ᳨ฟჾࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ศゎ⬟ࡣ࡯ࡰ⌮ㄽ㝈ࡿࠋศᏊ⥺ࡣ࡯ࡰ᪉ྥࡢᥞࡗࡓศᏊࡢὶࢀ࡛࠶ࡾ

⏺࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ༙ᑟయ᳨ฟჾࡼࡾ 1~2ᇶᯈࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆཷࡅ⥅࠸࡛ⷧ⭷ࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡿࡇ᱆㧗࠸࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ศゎ⬟ࢆᣢࡘࠊ㉸ఏᑟࢺࣥࢿࣝ

࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋMBE ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ Al ᡂ⭷ࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊ᥋ྜ(Superconducting Tunnel Junction : STJ)⣲Ꮚࡢᇶᯈ ᗘࡸศᏊ⥺ᙉᗘ࡞࡝ࡀ⭷㉁࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍ◊✲ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᡃࠎࡣࠊ㧗࠸࢚ࢿࡿࡓࡵࠊࡲࡎ༢ᒙ⭷ࡢᡂ⭷᮲௳ࡢ᭱㐺໬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࣝࢠ࣮ศゎ⬟ࢆᣢࡘ STJ ࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ

4. ༢ᒙ⭷ࡢᡂ⭷㟁ᴟᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗ࡢ Al ⷧ⭷࡟Al ༢ ᒙ ᡂ ⭷ ࡟ 㝿 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ᇶ ᯈ ࡟ ࡣ Si(111) ࡜╔┠ࡋࡓࠋSTJ ࡢ㉸ఏᑟ㟁ᴟࡢ⤖ᬗᛶࡣ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ

Al2O3(0001)ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊᇶᯈ࣮ศゎ⬟࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ[1]ࠊ

㛫࡛ᡂ⭷ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋAl ᡂ⭷ࡣ K ࢭࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 1 ᫬࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗ⷧ⭷ࡢ Al 㟁ᴟࡣศゎ⬟ྥୖ㛫⾜࠸ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᇶᯈ

࡟᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊAl ࡣ Nb ࡜ẚ

100nm ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᡂ⭷๓࡟ Si ᇶᯈࡣ⾲㠃ࡢ

㍑ࡋ࡚࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀᑠࡉࡃࠊ㧗࠸࢚ࢿࣝ㓟໬⭷ࢆ㝖ཤࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ 700Υ࡛ 10 ศ㛫ࡢ⇕Ὑίࢠ࣮ศゎ⬟ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵ࡟⇕Ὑίࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ศ Ꮚ ⥺ ࢚ ࣆ ࢱ ࢟ ࢩ ࣮ (Molecularᗘࡣᐊ࠿ࡽ 300Υࡢᗘ࡛ࡶ⭷ཌࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ

ᇶᯈࡢୖ࡟࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗ⷧ⭷࡛࡞࠸ከ⤖ᬗ
ࡢ Al ࢆᡂ⭷ࡋࡓࠋ

Beam Epitaxy : MBE)ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ
㛗ⷧ⭷ࡢ Al 㟁ᴟࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ STJ ࡢస〇ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ Al ⷧ⭷ࡢᖹᆠᛶ࡜⤖ᬗᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡲ
ࡎࠊཎᏊ㛫ຊ㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⮬஌ᖹᆒ㠃⢒ࡉ㸦Root STJ ࡣཌࡉᩘ nm ࡢ⤯⦕య࡛㉸ఏᑟయ㸦ࢺࣥࢿࣝ

Mean Square : RMS㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࣂࣜ࢔㸧ࢆᣳࢇࡔ 3 ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡍࠋ࡞ STJ ࡢᵓ㐀ୖࠊ㉸ఏᑟయ࡜⤯⦕య࡟ࡣ㧗࠸ᖹᆠ30

RMS roughness [nm]2. STJ ᳨ฟჾᛶࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋSTJ ᳨ฟჾࡢཎ⌮ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ㉸ఏᑟయ࡟ධᑕࡋࡓࣇ࢛ࢺࣥࡀࢡ
࣮ࣃ࣮ᑐࢆ࠿࠸㞳ࡉࡏࠊ‽⢏Ꮚࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟⏕ᡂࡋࡓ‽⢏Ꮚࡀࢺࣥࢿࣝࣂࣜ࢔ࢆ㏻㐣ࡋࢧࣈࢠࣕࢵࣉ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢ㟁ὶࡀቑຍࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ㟁ὶࡢኚ໬

25
20
15

⇕Ὑί䛒䜚SiSi
⇕Ὑί࠶ࡾ

10

⇕Ὑί䛺䛧Si
⇕Ὑί࡞ࡋ
Si
Al
2 O3
Al2O3

5
0

ࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ධᑕࡋࡓࣇ࢛ࢺࣥࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮

0

100

200

300

ᡂ⭷ ᗘ[Υ]ᅗ1㻌 ᇶᯈ ᗘ䛸ᖹᆠᛶࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
3. MBE ࡢཎ⌮
MBE ࡣ⇕⵨╔ἲࡢ 1 ✀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㉸㧗┿✵୰ྠᅗࡼࡾᡂ⭷᫬ࡢᇶᯈ-8(10 Pa)࡛ᮦᩱࡢ⵨Ⓨ㔞ࢆ㧗⢭ᗘ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜

࠸⭷ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊྠࡌᇶᯈ

࡟ࡼࡾ㧗ရ㉁ࡢⷧ⭷ࢆ⤖ᬗᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ

ᗘ࡛ࡶ⇕Ὑίࢆࡋࡓᇶᯈ࡟࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗

25ᗘࡀప࠸࡯࡝ᖹᆠᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡏࡓ᪉ࡀᖹᆠᛶࡣ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ

 3 ᒙ⭷ࢆຍᕤࡋࡓ STJ ࢆ↓෭፹ 0.3K ෭෾ᶵࢩࢫ

ᗘ࡛ࡶᖹᆠᛶࡢ

Al2O3(0001)ᇶᯈୖ࡛ࡣ㧗࠸ᇶᯈࢸ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 0.3K ࡛ I-V ≉ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋᅗ 4 ࡟ඃࢀࡓ⭷ࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡑࡢ୍౛㸦450mm-2 ┤ิ STJ㸧ࡢ I-V ≉ᛶࢆ♧ḟ࡟㉸ఏᑟయࡢホ౯᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ୍࡚⯡ⓗ࡞ࠊᐊ࡜ᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘

6. I-V ≉ᛶホ౯ࡍࠋᕥഃࡣ඲యീࠊྑഃࡣཎⅬ௜㏆ᣑ኱ീ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᗘ(4.2K)࡛ࡢ᢬ᢠࡢẚ࡛࠶ࡿṧ␃᢬ᢠẚ㸦Residual Resistance Ratio: RRR㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
15

RRR

10

X:0.2mV/div. Y:100A/div. X:0.2mV/div. Y:5A/div.

5⇕Ὑί䛒䜚Si⇕Ὑί䛺䛧Si

0
0

50

100

ᅗ 4 450m-2 ┤ิ STJ ࡢ 0.3K ࡛ࡢ I-V ≉ᛶ⮫⏺㟁ὶᐦᗘࡣ 74.8A/cm2 ࡛ࠊSTJ ⣲Ꮚࡢရ㉁ࡢᣦ

150

ᡂ⭷ ᗘ[Υ]ᅗ2㻌 ᇶᯈ ᗘ䛸ṧ␃᢬ᢠẚᶆࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠊRn/Rsg ࡣ 36.0 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊඃࢀࡓ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ඲࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗 STJ ࡢస〇࡟ᡂRRR ࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾᇶᯈ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝⤖ᬗᛶࡢ㧗࠸ຌࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡣࡲࡔ᥋ྜ࡟ࡼࡾ⮫⏺㟁ὶ⭷ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡾࠊSTJ ࡟⏝࠸ࡿ Al ⷧ⭷ᐦᗘࡀ 15.5-117A/cm2 ࡜ࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶศ

ࢆᡂ⭷ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ Al2O3(0001)ᇶᯈୖ࡟ 100Υ࡛ᡂ⭷࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡢᨵၿࡣࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞᳨ฟჾࢆ⾜࠺ࡢࡀ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡢ࢔ࣞ࢖໬ࡸ኱㠃✚໬࡟ᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࢺࣥࢿࣝ

5.
 3 ᒙ⭷ࡢᡂ⭷

ࣂࣜ࢔(MgO)ࡢ᭦࡞ࡿ᭱㐺໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᆒ୍ᛶࡢྥࡑࡢᚋࠊAl2O3(0001)ᇶᯈୖ࡟ Al/MgO/Alୖࡀᅗࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

(=50/1.5/25nm)ࡢ 3 ᒙ⭷ࢆᡂ⭷ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࡢ

7. ࡲ࡜ࡵ

RHEED ീࢆᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ

MBE ἲ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ STJ ࡟ 㐺 ࡋ ࡓ Al ⷧ ⭷ ࢆ
Al2O3(0001)ᇶᯈୖ࡟ᇶᯈ

ᗘ 100Υ࡛ᡂ⭷ࡋࡓࠋࢺࣥࢿࣝࣂࣜ࢔࡟ MgO ࢆ⏝࠸ 3 ᒙ⭷ࡢ඲࢚ࣆࢱ࢟
ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ 3 ᒙ⭷ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ STJ
ࢆస〇ࡋࠊ0.3K ࡛ I-V ≉ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ4i)ୖ㒊 Al50m-2 ┤ิ STJ ࡢ⮫⏺㟁ὶᐦᗘࡣ 74.8A/cm2ࠊ

ii)ࢺࣥࢿࣝࣂࣜ࢔ MgO

Rn/Rsg ࡣ 36.0 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊඃࢀࡓ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ඲࢚ࣆ
ࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗 STJ ࡢస〇࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩[1]T. Noguchi et al., ͆Effect of Lifetime Broadeningiii)ୗ㒊 Al

of Superconducting Energy Gap on Quasiparticleiv)Al2O3(0001)ᇶᯈ

Tunneling Current͇20th International Symposium onᅗ 3 3 ᒙ⭷ࡢ RHEED ീSpace Terahertz Technology, Charlottesville, 20-22௨ୖ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ3 ᒙ඲࡚࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗ⷧ⭷ࡢ 3

April 2009ᒙ⭷ࡢస〇࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋ

26

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䠄♫䠅ప

ᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㛵すᨭ㒊䛾άື䛿䚸௨ୗ䛾஦ᴗ఍ဨ䛾ⓙᵝ䛛䜙䛤ᨭ᥼䜢㡬䛔䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹㻌䠄஬༑㡢㡰䠅㻌
㻌䜰䜲䝅䞁⢭ᶵ䞞䚸䜰䝹䝞䝑䜽䞉䜽䝷䜲䜸䞞䚸ᒾ㇂⎰᪁䞞䚸ᒾ㇂⏘ᴗ䞞䚸䜶䜰䞉䜴䜷䠉䝍䠉䞞䚸䞞䜶䝸䜸䝙䜽䝇䚸኱ሯ㟁Ꮚ䞞䚸ᕝᓮ㔜ᕤᴗ䞞䚸㛵す㟁ຊ䞞䚸ඹᰤ䝞䝹䝤ᕤᴗ䞞䚸䞞䜽䝷䜲䜸䝞䝑䜽䚸䞞⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤ䚸㻌䝆䝱䝟䞁䝇䞊䝟䞊䝁䞁䝎䜽䝍䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䞞䚸䞞㕥ᮌၟ㤋䚸ఫ཭㟁Ẽᕤᴗ䞞䚸኱ᐆ⏘ᴗ䞞䚸኱㝧᪥㓟䞞䚸䞞ᮾ㝧䝔䜽䝙䜹䚸䝘䜺䝉䝔䜽䝜䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䝸䞁䜾䞞䚸ோᮌᕤⱁ䞞䚸᪥ᮏ໬ᏛᶵᲔ〇㐀䞞䚸䞞䝟䝇䜹䝹䚸୕⳻㟁ᶵ䞞