a★You are GPr“You are Galileo!” Project

2014★
ectojleo!
liLet’s Observe Jupiter and the Stars around It!
Observation ＆ Sketch
NameGalileo Galilei was an Italian scientist. He was the first person
who observed Jupiter using his small hand-made telescope in1610 and made a great discovery. What did he found?
Let's experience his surprise by recreating his observations
by yourself.

Address

AgeAt ﬁrst, use the eyepiece of 25x for observing Jupiter and its moons together. Then use the eyepiece of 50x for detail observation of Jupiter.

↑A hand written copy of a sketch of Jupiter made by Galileo Galilei on January 7, 1610.

First observation
weather:

Date

Aperture of telescope

cm

Site

Magnification

x*The magnification of a telescope can be calculated as follows. “Focal length of telescope ÷ focal length of eye piece”

Second observation

weather:

Date

Aperture of telescope

cm

Site

Magnificationx© “You are Galileo!” ProjectObservation ＆ Sketch

Third observation
weather:

Fourth observation
weather:“You are Galileo!” Project

Let’s Observe Jupiter and the Stars around It!

Date

Aperture of telescopecm

SiteMagnificationx

Date

Aperture of telescopecm

SiteMagnificationx■ Describe your observations of Jupiter and note anything peculiar you found.

© “You are Galileo!” Project

“You are Galileo!” ProjectPr

Let’s Observe Jupiter and the Stars around It!

★You are G

2014★
ect
ojaleo!
li

Post Observation WorksheetName■ What are those bright stars around Jupiter? Make your guess.
A hint: pay attention to the positions of the four stars at the various observations.

Observations with 2 hour intervals

BAObservations with 1 day intervals

CDBA

C

D

Stars A&C are behind Jupiter.
BACDB

D

2 hours later

1 day later
D is behind Jupter.

BACCDA

2 days later

4 hours later

BAC

DCDAB

3 days later

6 hours later

BA

C

D

8 hours later

B

D

B C

A

4 days later© “You are Galileo!” ProjectPost observation worksheet“You are Galileo!” Project

Let’s Observe Jupiter and the Stars around It!
■ Celestial objects that orbit planets are called “satellites”. For example, the Moon is the satellite of Earth.
Below is a schematic view of the motions of the satellites observed from the north pole-on directionof Jupiter. We see Jupiter and the orbiting satellites from the side-way when we are on Earth.

The four satellite which Galileo discovered arecalled "Galilean satellites", and they are named,from inside out, Io, Europa, Ganymede, andCallisto.

Ganymede

JupiterIo

The motions of the satellites
observed from the northpole-on direction of Jupiter.

EuropaCallisto

Draw each satellite motion
observed from Earth like thismotion of Europa.

Jupiter

Images provided by NASAThe motions of satellites lookedfrom the side-way.
(i.e. from Earth)■ Summarize what you found out, what you want to know more, and what you want to examine in the future.

Did you find what Galileo did? You are the little Galileo!
© “You are Galileo!” Project

★Post Observation Study−Memo−
About 400 years ago, the telescope which Galileo Galilei made and used to hisobservations had a very narrow field of view. That situation can be experienced with thisassembly telescope. By comparing the field of views of the 25x, 50x eyepieces with thatof the Galileo's eyepiece, you notice that the field of view of the Galileo's telescope wasreally narrow. And you will notice that the image becomes erect from the inverted
image. In this respect, the Galileo's telescope is suitable for observations of groundscenery. It would be nice to compare the scenery through the 25x, 50x eyepieceswith thatof the Galileo's eyepiece in a daytime. Although you may easily imagine difficulties ofGalileo Galilei who continued observing celestial objects through the narrow field of view,the telescope could be a miracle tool for observations of celestial objects, compared withnaked eye.

© “You are Galileo!” Project