ᵐᵎᵏᵑ࠰ᵑஉᵏᵖଐᴾᶇᶌᴾிʮ‫ܖ߻ܖٻ‬ᢿᵏᵒӭ᫾ᵏᵒᵏᜒ፯ܴᴾࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්ЈႸႎể૾ඥ࠯঺ᵐᵒ࠰ࡇ࿢‫ؾ‬Ⴞ࿢‫ؾ‬ᄂᆮዮӳਖ਼ᡶᝲᴾẔᵸᵰᵤᶀᵋᵏᵐᵲᵏẕẐ්؏ỆආბẲẺ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉᆆѣểෞᧈỆ᧙ẴỦ૨ྂᛦ௹ӏỎჷᙸૢྸẑᴾ¾ ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỆấẬỦ࿢‫ؾ‬ɶỂỉᆆѣểෞᧈỆ᧙ẴỦ‫׎‬ϋ‫ٳ‬ỉᴾ

ᴾ ᴾẮủộỂỉᛦ௹ᄂᆮỉ૨ྂሁऴ‫إ‬ửӓᨼẴỦểσỆẆӓᨼᴾ
ᴾ ᴾẲẺऴ‫إ‬ẦỤẆ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ࿢‫ؾ‬ɶỂỉਫѣỆӏỗẴࢨ᪪ᴾ
ᴾ ᴾ‫܇׆‬ửᎋॾẲễầỤɼᙲễἩἿἍἋửਁЈẲẆᧈ஖ấợỎᴾ
ᴾ ᴾჺ஖ỉɲ૾ỉᙻໜỂ଺᧓ኺᢅỆˤạਫѣỉ‫҄٭‬ሁửૢྸᴾ

ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ
્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Ј

¾ ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ểẟạ‫ئ‬৑ửɼ˳ểẲẺѣ७ᴾᵆᆆѣởᔛᆢẆἴἙἽỆᴾ
ᴾᴾᴾợỦʖยỉᚇໜờԃớᵇẦỤẆỿὊὁὊἛửൿỜẆ૨౨ኧ἖Ὂᴾᴾ ᴾἽửဇẟềਁЈᴾ¾ ᣻ᙲễऴ‫إ‬ửૢྸẲềᅆẲẆἴἝἑἼὅἂồỉ෇ဇẆ්Јਫᴾ
ᴾ ᴾѣὉ්ЈኺែẆᨊ௨ỉᨥỉသॖໜỆếẟềểụộểỜᴾ
1

2

ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Ј౨ኧϋܾ (ỿὊὁὊἛሁ)౨ኧኽௐấợỎችᛠ‫ݣ‬ᝋᛯ૨ἼἋἚ
¾ ‫׎‬ᨥ‫˟ܖ‬ᛏᾉ127ˑ(ạẼችᛠ‫ݣ‬ᝋ-28ˑ)¾ ‫׎‬ᨥ‫˟ܖ‬ᛏỉἙὊἑἫὊἋ(Web of knowledge) ấợỎᴾ ‫׎‬ϋ‫˟ܖ‬ᛏJ-stageử‫ݣ‬ᝋểẲềẆỿὊὁὊἛ౨ኧẆ౨ኧ‫ݣ‬ᝋᴾ ૨ྂỉỴἨἋἚἻἁἚሁửᄩᛐẲẆችᛠ‫ݣ‬ᝋửൿ‫ܭ‬ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY, WATER RESEARCH,ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY,ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY,ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, GEOCHRONOMETRIA, ᴾ
ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY & RADIATION PROTECTION, ᴾ ᴾ
ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, ESTUARIES,ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,¾ ỿὊὁὊἛ
ᴾ ᴾ → ‫׎‬ᨥ‫˟ܖ‬ᛏ
ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ẐἍἉỸἲẑ and Ẑᣃࠊởᢊែẑ and Ẑ્‫ࣱݧ‬ఋᆔẑ
ᴾ ᴾ ((cesium OR caesium OR Cs) AND (urban OR runoff ORroad) AND (radioactive OR radionuclides))ᴾ¾ ‫׎‬ϋ‫˟ܖ‬ᛏᾉ377ˑ(ạẼችᛠ‫ݣ‬ᝋ-3ˑ)ଐஜ൦࿢‫˟ܖؾ‬ᛏ, ᴾ Jounal of Computer Chemistry, Japanᴾ ᴾ¾ ἤỴἼὅἂሁỂ੩̓᪬ẟẺ૨ྂỉ৫ᚪỉ˺঺

ᴾ ᴾ → ‫׎‬ϋ‫˟ܖ‬ᛏ (௹ᛠ˄ᛯ૨ử‫ݣ‬ᝋ)ᴾ ᴾ (ἍἉỸἲ or ્‫ )ࣱݧ‬and (ᣃࠊ or ්Ј or ‫ע‬ᘙ᩿)

IAEA-TECDOC-1678¾ ‫׎‬ϋỉ‫إ‬ԓ୿ሁỉૢྸ
3

ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ‫ם׎‬ʩᡫႾᴾ Ẑɦ൦ᢊỆấẬỦ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋ‫ݣ‬ሊỆ᧙ẴỦ౨᚛˟ẑ
ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ҽဃі΁Ⴞᴾ Ẑ൦ᢊ൦ỆấẬỦ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋ‫ݣ‬ሊ౨᚛˟ỆấẬỦɶ᧓ểụộểỜẑ

ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Ј౨ኧኽௐμ૨ྂỉಒᙲ(Ј༿࠰ỉͼӼ)‫ݣ‬ᝋ૨ྂỉϋܾૢྸ (̊)

412ἓỹἽἠἨỶἼʙ૏10ችᛠ‫ݣ‬ᝋểẲềᢠ৸ẲẺఌਗểμ૨ྂỉ
ͼӼ
8

䛭䜜௨እ
Ṳ
ἓỹἽἠἨỶἼˌ‫ٳ‬䝏䜵䝹䝜䝤䜲䝸
ṲἓỹἽἠἨỶἼ᧙̞ṳ ἑỶἚἽύỴἨἋἚἻἁἚẦỤύᣃࠊồỉආᆢύ්Јܱ७ầφ˳ႎỆЎẦụẸạễ૨6ྂửᢠ৸ṳ ἓỹἽἠἨỶἼ᧙ᡲỉ૨ྂầ࢘໱‫ٶ‬Ẫύʙ4૏Ệᡈẟ଺஖Ịܱ७ᛦ௹ểẸủỆؕỀẪᚐௌầ‫ٶ‬Ẫύ଺஖ầኺᢅẴỦỆếủềᛦ
2௹ờẆợụɦ්ỂẝỦ൦؏ỆἉἧἚẲύộẺἴἙἽᄂᆮờ‫ٶ‬ẪễỦ
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12

0

5000
4000

䝉䝅䜴䝮㛵㐃ᩥ⊩

3000
2000
1000
0
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12

¾

5

6

ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Ј᣻ᙲễᛯ૨ỉ̊ኽௐ̊ : ែ᩿ἑỶἩỆ᧙ẴỦ૨ྂ

Seleznev, AA; Yarmoshenko, IV; Ekidin, AA. (2010)ᴾ Accumulation of Cs-137
in puddle sediments within urban ecosystem, Journal of Environmental
Radioactivity, Vol.101 No.8, 643-646.

9 ែ᩿ἑỶἩỆợẾềܱјỉถ‫ྙݲ‬Ị‫ٻ‬ẨẪီễẾẺ

K.Mueck and F.Steger (1991) : Wash-off effects in urban areas.ᴾ

ᴾ ᴾ ἿἉỴɶỸἻἽ‫૾ע‬ỆấẬỦCs137ᨀɦ᣽ửἙὊἑӓᨼỆợụኺ࠰‫҄٭‬ửᴾ ਖ਼‫ܭ‬ẇᩋ൦ỉẺộụởẴẟ(ᨀᩋỉࡇỆ൦ẺộụầỂẨỦ)‫ئ‬৑ỉ‫ٓם‬ɶỆỊᴾ ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋầᔛᆢẰủởẴẟẇ‫ٻ‬ൢᨀɦཋểẲềᨀɦẲẺCs137Ịᩋ൦Ệ๋ᴾ ẬЈẲ൦Ẻộụồể්λẲࡁථɶỆᨼᆢẰủềẟẪẇ

K.Mueck and F.Steger (1991) Wash-off effects in urban areas, Radiation
Protection Dosimetry Vol.37 No.3, 189-194.
ᴾ ᴾ ἓỹἽἠἨỶἼỉʙ૏ẦỤ4࠰ࢸỉ1989࠰ỉỼὊἋἚἼỴỉ3ᣃࠊ(Vienna,Graz, Linz)ỆấẬỦẆ‫ע‬ᘙ᩿ỉἍἉỸἲỉย‫ܭ‬ửᘍẟẆ්ЈễỄỆợỦἍἉỸἲỉถ‫ྙݲ‬ửምЈẇ78ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јɼᙲễଐஜᛖỉᛯ૨IAEAỉ‫إ‬ԓ୿ỉɟᢿ৫ᚪίࠊᘑ‫᧙ע‬ᡲὸ‫޽ݯ‬ύ‫ݱ‬ឭύ‫ޛ‬ɦύҾဋ (2013) ɦ൦ϼྸ‫ئ‬ỆấẬỦ્‫ࣱݧ‬ἍἉỸἲỉਫѣᛦ௹ấợỎ๋Јᚾ᬴ύ൦࿢‫˟ܖؾ‬ᛏύ36, 1, 23-28

IAEA-TECDOC-1678 (2012)
Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS) -(ӳ්ࡸ)• 㒔ᕷᇦ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸Ỉ㐨䜔ୗỈ㐨⤒⏤䛾⛣ື䜒⪃៖䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛• ୗỈฎ⌮ሙෆ䛻ὶධ䛧䛯ᨺᑕᛶ≀㉁䛿୺䛻཯ᛂᵴෆ䛻䛚䛔䛶ಖᣢ• ኱㒊ศ䛾ᨺᑕᛶ≀㉁䛜ᾋ㐟≀䛸ඹ䛻ởἾ䛻⛣⾜A Summary Report of the Results of the EMRAS Programme (2003-2007)

Theme 1: Radioactive Release Assessment
Theme 2: Remediation Assessment
Theme 3: Protection of the Environment

Environmental Modelling of Remediation of Urban
Contaminated Areas
Report of the Urban Remediation Working Group of EMRAS Theme 2

Environmental Modelling for RAdiation Safety (EMRAS) ProgrammeThis report describes the work of the Urban Remediation Working Group
under Theme 2.
910ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Ј• 㒔ᕷ㒊䛻䛚䛡䜛ởᰁಟ᚟䝽䞊䜻䞁䜾䜾䝹䞊䝥䛷䛿䠈ᨺᑕᛶ᰾✀䛾㒔ᕷ㒊䛷䛾ᣲື䜢グ㏙䛩䜛䝰䝕䝹䜔ᡭἲ䜢᳨ド䛧䚸ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛣䛸• 䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺䝰䝕䝹䜢ྲྀ䜚ฟ䛧ẚ㍑᳨ウIAEAỉ‫إ‬ԓ୿ –ᄂᆮỉႸႎỊ-IAEAỉ‫إ‬ԓ୿ –Ẹỉ঺ௐ-– ⌧ᐇⓗ䛺䝰䝕䝹䛿?
– 㔜せ䛺≧ἣ䠈䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢ᥦ♧䛩䜛– 㐺ษ䛺䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾್䛾Ỵᐃ䜢䝃䝫䞊䝖䝰䝕䝹

CONDO aEXPURT b

LCMT c /RODOSRESRAD-RDD h㉳※

HPA/NRPB(UK)

European Community

European Community

Argonne Nationalཧ⪃ᩥ⊩[14, 15][16,17][18]┠ⓗί໬᪉ἲ䛾」ᩘᇶ‽䛻䜘䜛 እ㒊⿕䜀䛟㔞䛾ィ⟬䛸ί໬᪉ እ㒊⿕䜀䛟㔞䛾ィ⟬䛸ί໬᪉
ホ౯
ἲホ౯
ἲホ౯

௚䝁䞊䝗䛾ྵ᭷

241

Am, 140 Ba, 140 La, 60Co,
Cs, 131 I, 95Nb, 239 Pu,
Ru, 95Zr + ௚䛾ᤄධྍ⬟䛺ᨺᑕᛶ᰾✀134,136,137

ྵ᭷ᨺᑕ⥺᰾✀• 㐺ษ䛺ί໬ᑐ⟇䜢Ỵ䜑䜛ពᛮỴᐃᨭ᥼䝒䞊
䝹䛾㛤Ⓨ䛻䛴䛺䛢䜛䛣䛸11

103,106

CONDO
241

Am, 140 Ba, 140 La, 60Co,
Cs, 131 I, 95Nb, 239 Pu,
103,106
Ru, 95Zr

134,136,137…

Laboratory (USA)[26]⥭ᛴ஦ែ䜈䛾‽ഛཬ䜃ᨺᑕᛶ᰾✀䛾ᣑᩓ஦㇟䜈䛾ᑐฎ䛷౑⏝䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾㐠⏝䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䚹」ᩘ䛾ᭀ㟢⤒㊰䠄እ㒊䚸྾ධ䚸⤒ཱྀᦤྲྀ䚸䛭䛧䛶Ỉἐ䠅䛛䜙䛾⥺㔞䜢ィ⟬䚹

-

137

140

Ba, 106 Ru, 137 Cs, 131 I䛻௦⾲䛥䜜䜛4䜾䝹䞊䝥

ᨺᑕ⏕ែᏛ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏-⥺㔞ᐃ䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏

-ୡ⏺ⓗ䚸」ᩘ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏ୡ⏺ⓗ䚸༢⣧䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏

⎔ቃ

-

5

-

෌ᠱ⃮≀㉁䛾྾ᘬ෌ᠱ⃮䠖Garland's formulae--ಟ᚟䛾㑅ᢥ⫥

Yes

Yes

Yes

ಟ᚟䛾㑅ᢥ⫥ホ౯䛾᭱㐺໬䝁䝇䝖䚸ᗫᲠ≀䚸ᐇ⿦䛻ᚲせ䛺᫬㛫䚸ᢏ⾡䛸ῶ㔞䛾ᚲせᛶ䚸ᚑ஦⪅䜈䛾௜ຍdose-䝁䝇䝖䚸ᗫᲠ≀䚸ᚑ஦⪅䜈䛾
௜ຍdose60

Cs, 241 Am, 252 Cf, 244 Cm,
Co, 192 Ir, 210 Po, 238 Pu, 239 Pu,
226
Ra, 90Sr

Dynamic compartment modelୡ⏺ⓗ䚸」ᩘ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏
2

ዮᚘ
10ỉἴ
ἙἽử
౨᚛

Yes
Yes
Yes

12

ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්ЈIAEAỉ‫إ‬ԓ୿ –ᨊ௨јௐỉᙸᆢ-ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỆấẬỦѣ७ỉཎࣉίᾀὸ
ᴾ ࠊᘑ‫ע‬Ểỉ࿢‫ؾ‬ѣ७ỊẆ൦ᢊӕ൦ỆợỦᆆᘍởͨไờԃỜẺɦ൦ᢊễỄỉᴾ ᩋ൦੎ᨊἉἋἘἲỆấẬỦᆆѣẆບឋᨊӊỆợỦ൲ථồỉຜ጑ễỄờ᧙̞ᴾ

Table 2.7. ୧䝅 䝘䝸䜸䛷⏝䛔䜙䜜䛯㝖ᰁᅉᏊ䛸 ί໬ᑐ⟇䛾㐺⏝᫬㛫䛾ẚ㍑ a
㝖⥺ᑐ⟇

䝰 䝕䝹
EXPURT

METRO-K

b

DF

᫬㛫

DF

᫬㛫

DF

᫬㛫

DF

᫬㛫

5

7᪥

2

15 ᪥

50

7᪥

3

7᪥

᫬㛫 c

DF
ⲡ䛾ษ㝖䛸᧔ཤ

EDEM

CPHR

RESRAD-RDD

8

7᪥

㐨㊰䛾Ὑί

7

14 ᪥

3

14 ᪥

5

15 ᪥

4

14 ᪥

5

14 ᪥

ᒇ᰿䛸እቨ䛾Ὑί

1.3

14 ᪥

5(ᒇ᰿)

14 ᪥

10

15 ᪥

7(ᒇ᰿)

14 ᪥

1.4(ᒇ᰿)

14 ᪥

7(ቨ)

1.3(ቨ)

10(ቨ)ᶞᮌ䛸ⴥ䛾᧔ཤ

50

30 ᪥

20

30 ᪥

10

15 ᪥

50

30 ᪥

-

ᅵተ䛾᧔ཤ (5 cm)

඲䛶

180 ᪥

20

180 ᪥

6

15 ᪥

50

180 ᪥

10

180 ᪥

ᒇෆ䛾ᤲ㝖ᶵ䛜䛡

10

14 ᪥

-

5

14 ᪥

d

-

-

¾ ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỂỊẆ‫ٶ‬ಮễ࡫ཋί‫ދ‬ఌở‫ُٳ‬ὸẆᢊែίỴἋἧỳἽἚẆἅὅἁἼὊἚẆ૤ჽẆჿМễỄὸẆᒬ‫ע‬Ẇ೔ஙễỄᙐᩃễ‫ע‬ᘙ᩿ཎࣱửஊẲềẟỦ¾ ͨไỉᆿỚẆᩋ൦ầ๛သẲởẴẟ‫ئ‬৑ễỄỂ‫ٓם‬Ệɟ଑ේᡢẴỦểẆ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỊ්ЈẲỆẪẪസသẲởẴẪἭἕἚἋἯἕἚểễụởẴẟ

ᒇෆ䛾Ὑί(ෆቨ)
3
14 ᪥
5
14 ᪥
METRO-K 䛿㝖ᰁᅉᏊ䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸⥺㔞⋡ῶᑡᅉᏊ䜢౑⏝䚹ᮏ⾲䛾୰䛷䛾㝖ᰁᑐ⟇䛿䚸ά㔞䛾㝖ཤ䜒ྵ䜎䜜䜛䛜䚸䠎䛴䛾䝍䜲䝥䛾ᅉᏊ䛿➼౯䛷䛒䜛.

a
b

㝖ᰁᅉᏊ

c

஦ᨾᚋ᪥ᩘ

d

㝖ᰁᑐ⟇䛿䝰䝕䝹䛷⪃៖䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔˴ଐˌϋỆᨊ௨ửẴủịẆẸỉјௐửႻ‫ݣ‬ൔ᠋ẴỦਦ೅͌ầਖ਼‫ܭ‬ẰủềẟỦ

1413ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỆấẬỦѣ७ỉཎࣉίᾁὸ

ኺែѣ७ấợỎἴἝἑἼὅἂồỉ෇ဇ

¾ ᣃࠊ؏ỂỊẆ൦ᢊởɦ൦ᢊửʼẲẺᆆѣởບឋᨊӊᢅᆉỂ൲ථỆຜ጑ẰủỦẇẲẺầẾềẆႆ໎ႺࢸẦỤ˳ኒᇌềᚾ૰̬‫܍‬ẲềấẪẮểỂẆ࿢‫ؾ‬ਫѣỉ৭੮ửᡶỜỦẺỜỉᝮ᣻ễऴ‫إ‬ầྒࢽỂẨỦờỉểᎋảỤủỦᴾ¾ ૨ྂૢྸẦỤẆࠊᘑ‫ע‬Ịౕ௎Ẇᠾ‫ע‬ểီễụᙐᩃễ‫ע‬ᘙ᩿ཎࣱửஊẲẆආბὉ̬ਤཞ७ở්ЈਫѣầီễỦẮểẦỤẆ‫עם‬МဇắểỉཎࣉửྸᚐẴỦẺỜỉἴἝἑἼὅἂầ࣏ᙲ¾ ‫ע‬ᘙ᩿஬૰ỉᢌẟở൦ែễỄỉᩋ൦ỉ්Јኺែỉನᡯầࢨ᪪ẴỦẮểẆ ්ЈኺែỆấẬỦᆿỚỉஊ໯ầ᣻ᙲỂẝỦ¾ ‫ע‬ᘙ᩿ỉ્‫ݧ‬ዴ᣽ྙỉ˯ถửᚸ̖ẴỦẺỜỆẆܱยỆؕỀẪཋྸἴἙἽࡸởᩋ൦්ЈᆆѣẦỤ‫ؚ‬ᆢởᨼᆢᢅᆉễỄửᎋॾẲẺἴἙἽࡸử੩కẲềẟỦᄂᆮʙ̊ầẝỦ㻌ࡽဇᾉ‫ם׎‬ʩᡫႾ (2011.11)ᴾɦ൦ᢊỆấẬỦ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋ‫ݣ‬ሊỆ᧙ẴỦ౨᚛˟Ẑɶ᧓ể㻌ụộểỜẑࡽဇᾉҽဃі΁Ⴞ (2011.6)ᴾ൦ᢊ൦ỆấẬỦ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋ‫ݣ‬ሊ౨᚛˟Ẑ൦ᢊ൦ỆấẬỦ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋ‫ݣ‬ሊɶ᧓ểụộểỜẑ
15¾ ẲẺầẾềẆࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỆấẬỦਫѣử‫ܭ‬ໜᚇยẴỦ‫ئ‬ӳỊẆ൦૨வˑở‫עם‬МဇờԃỜẺѼਙႎễᡫ࠰ỉἴἝἑἼὅἂᚘဒửᇌకẴỦẮểầஓộủỦ16ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јࠊᘑ‫ע‬ẦỤỉ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉ්Јᨊ௨ồỉသॖໜ

ộểỜ (੩ᚕ)¾˰‫ܡ‬ẆᢊែẆπ‫ט‬ễỄỆấẬỦᨊ௨ỊẆἤἚồỉ୧ᩧỉᚇໜẦỤ᣻ᙲࣱỊ᭗ẟẇẸỉᨥẆ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉᘙ්᩿Јở‫ٓם‬ồỉේᡢẆἭἕἚἋἯἕἚỉ‫נ܍‬ẆˎፗẨ‫ئ‬ỆấẬỦᨊ௨ཋỉ̬ሥễỄẆዮӳႎỆᎋॾẲễầỤᨊ௨ửᡶỜềᘍẪẮểầஓộủỦẇᴾ• ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỆấẬỦ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỉᆆѣởෞᧈỉᚸ̖ỆỊˌɦỉợạễʙ᪮ỉ౨᚛ầ᣻ᙲỂẝỦẇ– ‫ע‬ᘙ᩿஬૰– ൦ែễỄỉᩋ൦ỉ්Јኺែỉನᡯ– ්ЈኺែỆấẬỦᆿỚỉஊ໯¾˰‫އ‬ሁᡈᨩỉ௎‫ע‬ỆấẬỦᨊ௨˺ಅỂỊẆࣇ‫࢟ע‬ở‫ע‬ᘙ᩿ཞඞỉ‫҄٭‬ễỄửˤạẮểẦỤẆ‫්ٓם‬Јྵᝋỉஊ໯ửԃỜẆᴾᨊ௨ʙಅࢸỉἴἝἑἼὅἂửᘍạẮểầ᣻ᙲỂẝỦẇᴾ• ཎỆẆᆿỚễỄ්Јᩋ൦ầ๛သẲởẴẟ‫ئ‬৑ễỄỂ‫ٓם‬Ệɟ଑ේᡢẴỦểẆ્‫ࣱݧ‬ཋឋỊ්ЈẲỆẪẪസသẲởẴẟẮ
ểễỄỆသॖầ࣏ᙲỂẝỦẇ• ộẺẆࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỂỉᆆѣởෞᧈỆ᧙̞ẴỦờỉểẲềẆ൦ᢊởɦ൦ᢊửʼẲẺᆆѣởບឋᨊӊᢅᆉỂ൲ථỆຜ጑ẰủỦẮểờКᡦᎋॾẴỦ࣏ᙲầẝỦẇ
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