㻌㻌㻌㻌➨䠍㻝ᅇప ᕤᏛ䞉㉸ఏᑟⱝᡭྜྠㅮ₇఍㻌
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୺ദ䠖㻌 䠄♫䠅పᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌ඹദ䠖㻌 ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍䠍䠐䠒ጤဨ఍㻌 ㏻ಙ䞉᝟ሗฎ⌮ศ⛉఍㻌༠㈶䠖㻌 䠄♫䠅ᛂ⏝≀⌮Ꮫ఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌䠄♫䠅᪥ᮏ┿✵Ꮫ఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌᪥᫬䠖㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻣᪥㻔㔠㻕㻌 㻌 㻝㻜᫬㻝㻡ศ䡚㻝㻢᫬㻟㻜ศ㻌ሙᡤ䠖㻌 ኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫᩥ໬஺ὶ䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌 ኱䝉䝭䝘䞊ᐊ㻌➨䠍䠍ᅇప

ᕤᏛ䞉㉸ఏᑟⱝᡭྜྠㅮ₇఍䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮㻌㻌୺ദ䠖㻔♫㻕ప ᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㛵すᨭ㒊㻌ඹദ䠖᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍䠍䠐䠒ጤဨ఍㻌 ㏻ಙ䞉᝟ሗฎ⌮ศ⛉఍㻌༠㈶䠖㻔♫㻕ᛂ⏝≀⌮Ꮫ఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌㻔♫㻕᪥ᮏ┿✵Ꮫ఍㻌 㛵すᨭ㒊㻌᪥᫬䠖㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻣᪥㻔㔠㻕㻌 㻌 㻝㻜᫬㻝㻡ศ䡚㻝㻢᫬㻟㻜ศ㻌ሙᡤ䠖኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫᩥ໬஺ὶ䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌 ኱䝉䝭䝘䞊ᐊ㻌ᢸᙜᖿ஦䠖㻌 㔝ཱྀ㻌 ᝅ䠄኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ䠅䚸኱ᯇ㻌 ୍ஓ䠄ఫ཭㟁Ẽᕤᴗ䞞䠅䚸⟍㻌 ⰾ἞䠄኱㜰ᗓ❧⏘ᢏ◊䠅㻌㻌䠷䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䠹㻌
㻝㻜㻦㻝㻡㻙㻝㻜㻦㻞㻜㻌 㛤఍ᣵᣜ㻌 ప ᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㛵すᨭ㒊㻌 ᨭ㒊㛗㻌 ▼ᕝ㻌 ಟභ㻌㻌㻝㻜㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻜㻦㻠㻜㻌 䛂✵㛫཯㌿ᑐ⛠ᛶ䛾◚䜜䛯⣔䛻Ⓨ⌧䛩䜛䝟䝸䝔䜱ΰྜ㉸ఏᑟ䛾㠀☢ᛶ୙⣧≀ຠᯝ䛃㻌㻭ᒸᒣ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉䚸㻮ᒸᒣ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⮬↛⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉㻌㻭ᑠ㔝㻌 ᬗᏊ䠄䠩䠍䠅䚸㻭ໟ㻌 ᱇຾䚸㻭㻘㻮✄⏣㻌 ెᙪ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻌㻌㻝㻜㻦㻠㻜㻙㻝㻝㻦㻜㻜㻌 䛂䝘䝜䝃䜲䝈䠎䝞䞁䝗㉸ఏᑟయ䛻䛚䛡䜛‽⢏Ꮚᵓ㐀䛃㻌኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻌୹⩚㻌 ♸ᖹ䠄䠠䠏䠅䚸ຍ⸨㻌 ຾㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻟㻌㻌㻝㻝㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻝㻦㻞㻜㻌 䛂㻹㻮㻱ἲ䛻䜘䜛㻹㼓㻮㻞ⷧ⭷䛾〇⭷䛃㻌㻭኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䚸䠞኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ䝘䝜䝣䜯䝤䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁◊✲ᡤ䚸㻌䠟኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ䠎䠍ୡ⣖◊✲⛉Ꮫᶵᵓ㻌㻭䚸䠞᏷ᡞ㻌 ᐶ᫂䠄ຓᩍ䠅䚸䠝஧⚄㻌 ᩔ䚸䠝ᕝ஭㻌 ୍ᶞ䚸䠝䚸䠞䚸䠟㔝ཱྀ㻌 ᝅ䚸䠟ᅄ㇂㻌 ௵䚸㻌䠝䚸䠞▼⏣㻌 Ṋ࿴㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻡㻌㻌㻝㻝㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻝㻦㻠㻜㻌 䛂㟁ὶ䝞䜲䜰䝇㐠ື䜲䞁䝎䜽䝍䞁䝇ἲ䛻䜘䜛㻹㼓㻮㻞㉸ఏᑟ୰ᛶᏊ᳨ฟჾ䛾㛤Ⓨ䛃㻌㻭኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䚸䠞኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ䝘䝜䝣䜯䝤䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁◊✲ᡤ䚸㻌䠟ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䚸䠠᝟ሗ㏻ಙ◊✲ᶵᵓ㛵すඛ➃◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊䚸㻌䠡᪥ᮏཎᏊຊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ䝅䝇䝔䝮ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌䠝ྜྷᒸ㻌 ┤ே䠄䠩䠍䠅䚸䠝ඵᮌ㻌 ⾜ኴ㑻䚸䠝㬆⚄㻌 ྜྷே䚸䠝ඣ⋢㻌 㝧ᖹ䚸㻭䚸䠞᏷ᡞ㻌 ᐶ᫂䚸㻌䠟ᐑᔱ㻌 ⱱஅ䚸䠟⸨ᕳ㻌 ᮁ䚸䠠୕ᮌ㻌 ⱱே䚸䠞䚸䠠⋤㻌 㙠䚸䠡⏫⏣㻌 ᫀᙪ䚸䠝䚸䠞▼⏣㻌 Ṋ࿴㻌䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻣㻌㻌㻝㻝䠖㻠㻜㻙㻝㻟㻦㻜㻜㻌 ᫨㣗ఇ᠁㻌㻌㻝㻟㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻟㻦㻞㻜㻌 䛂䝙䞊䝗䝹䝥䝻䞊䝤㉮ᰝᆺ㻿㼀㻹㻙㻿㻽㼁㻵㻰㢧ᚤ㙾䛾◊✲䛃㻌኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᇶ♏ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻌Ώ㑓㻌 㥽㏻䠄䠬䡄䠊䠠䠅䚸ᐑᡞ㻌 ♸἞䚸⣒㷂㻌 ⚽ኵ㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉䞉㻥㻌㻌㻝㻟㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻟㻦㻠㻜㻌 䛂ከ⤖ᬗኴ㝧㟁ụ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝺䞊䝄ㄏ㉳㟁ὶ䛾㻿㻽㼁㻵㻰㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ䛃㻌኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᇶ♏ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻌᪥㔝㻌 㝯ᚿ䠄䠩䠎䠅䚸ᐑᡞ㻌 ♸἞䚸୰㇂㻌 ᝋၨ䚸⣒㷂㻌 ⚽ኵ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻝㻌㻌
i㻝㻟㻦㻠㻜㻙㻝㻠㻦㻜㻜㻌 䛂㻴㼀㻿㻙㻿㻽㼁㻵㻰䜢⏝䛔䛯ᑠᆺ☢໬⋡ィ䛾㛤Ⓨ䛸☢Ẽ⦆࿴ ᐃ䛃㻌ᒸᒣ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⮬↛⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉㻌ሜ㻌 ೺ྖ䠄ຓᩍ䠅䚸䝰䝝䝬䝗㻌 䝬䝽䝹䝕䜱㻌 䝃䞊䝸䚸ℊᓮ㻌 ኱ᆅ䚸⣖࿴㻌 ฼ᙪ䠈ሯ⏣㻌 ၨ஧㻌㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻟㻌㻌㻝㻠㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻠㻦㻞㻜㻌 䛂㻺㼛㼚㼘㼕㼚㼑㼍㼞㻌㼠㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼙㼑㼠㼍㼙㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼏㼛㼚㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻺㼎㻺㻌㼒㼕㼘㼙䛃㻌㻭኱㜰኱Ꮫ䝺䞊䝄䞊䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊Ꮫ◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊䚸㻌䠞㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼡㼜㼑㼞㼏㼛㼚㼐㼡㼏㼠㼛㼞㻌㻱㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼚㼕㼏㼟㻘㻌㻺㼍㼚㼖㼕㼚㼓㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻯㻯㼑㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼀㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼘㼠㼦㻌㼃㼍㼢㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻯㼛㼘㼘㼑㼓㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻼㼞㼑㼏㼕㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼞㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻻㼜㼠㼛㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼚㼕㼏㼟㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻘㻌㼀㼕㼍㼚㼖㼕㼚㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌䠝㻯㻚㻌㼆㼔㼍㼚㼓䠄䠬䡄䠊䠠䠅䚸䠞㻮㻚㻌㻶㼕㼚䚸䠝ᕝᒣ㻌 ᕑ䚸㻭ᮧୖ㻌 ༤ᡂ䚸䠞㻶㻚㻌㼃㼡䚸䠞㻸㻚㻌㻷㼍㼚㼓䚸䠞㻶㻚㻌㻯㼔㼑㼚䚸㻌䠞㻼㻚㻌㼃㼡䚸䠝䠈䠟㻶㻚㻌㻴㼍㼚䚸㻭ᩯෆ㻌 ᨻྜྷ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻡㻌㻌㻝㻠㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻠㻦㻠㻜㻌 ఇ᠁㻌㻌㻝㻠䠖㻠㻜㻙㻝㻡㻦㻜㻜㻌 䠄≉ูㅮ₇䠅䛂㻮㼕㻞㻞㻞㻟䝔䞊䝥⥺ᮦ䜢⏝䛔䛯㻟㼀㻙㻹㻾㻵㉸㟁ᑟ䝬䜾䝛䝑䝖䛾㛤Ⓨ䛃㻌䠝䞞⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤ䚸䠞≀㉁䞉ᮦᩱ◊✲ᶵᵓ䚸䠟ఫ཭㟁Ẽᕤᴗ䞞䚸䠠䞞㧗ᓥ〇సᡤ䚸㻌䠡䞞䜰䝇䝖䝻䝇䝔䞊䝆䚸䠢䜽䜲䞊䞁䝈䝷䞁䝗኱Ꮫ䚸䠣ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔་Ꮫ◊✲⛉㻌䠝ᕝᔱ㻌 ៅஓ䚸䠝ᑎᑿ㻌 Ὀ᫛䚸䠝ᑿᓮ㻌 ಟ䚸䠝୍ཎ㻌 ୺⛯䚸䠝㛗㇂㻌 㝯ྖ䚸䠟బ⸨㻌 ㅬ୍䚸㻌䠟ᑠᯘ㻌 ៅ୍䚸䠠୰ᔱ㻌 ᕑ䚸䠡኱す㻌 ┤ᶞ䚸䠢䝬䜲䜿䝹㻌 䝥䞊䝹㻌䚸䠣Ṋ⏣㻌 ࿴⾜䚸㻌䠣ᾆᒣ㻌 ៅ୍䚸䠣⚟ᒣ㻌 ⚽┤㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻣㻌㻌㻝㻡㻦㻜㻜㻙㻝㻡㻦㻞㻜㻌 䠄≉ูㅮ₇䠅䛂䠍䠑䡉䝰䝕䝹䜿䞊䝤䝹⏝㻳㼐㻮㻯㻻⥺ᮦ䛾〇㐀䛃㻌ఫ཭㟁Ẽᕤᴗ䞞㻌ᒣཱྀ㻌 㧗ྐ㻘㻌 ᪂ᾏ㻌 ඃᶞ㻘㻌 ᑠす㻌 ᫀஓ㻘㻌 ኱ᯇ㻌 ୍ஓ㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻝㻥㻌㻌㻝㻡㻦㻞㻜㻙㻝㻡㻦㻠㻜㻌 䠄≉ูㅮ₇䠅䛂㉸㟁ᑟᮦᩱ䠄㻯㻯䠅䛾⮫⏺㟁ὶ≉ᛶホ౯ἲ䛃㻌䠝䠄᭷䠅䠧䠃䠮㻌 䜽䝸䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁䚸䠞㼀㻴㻱㼂㻭㻌㻰㼡㼑㼚㼚㼟㼏㼔㼕㼏㼔㼠㼠㼑㼏㼔㼚㼕㼗㻌㻳㼙㼎㻴䚸䠟ఫ཭㟁Ẽᕤᴗ䞞㻌䠝ྜྷ⏣㻌 ගభ䚸䠞㼃㼑㼞㼚㼑㼞㻌㻼㼞㼡㼟㼟㼑㼕㼠䚸䠟ᒣཱྀ㻌 㧗ྐ㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉䞉䞉䞉㻞㻝㻌㻌㻝㻡㻦㻠㻜㻙㻝㻢㻦㻝㻜㻌 䛂ಙ㈗㈹䛾タ❧䛻䛴䛔䛶䛃㻌኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫ㻌 ⏿㻌 ᚭ㻌㻌㻝㻢㻦㻝㻜㻙㻝㻢㻦㻞㻡㻌 ᑂᰝ䞉⾲ᙲ㻌㻌㻝㻢㻦㻞㻡㻙㻝㻢㻦㻟㻜㻌 㛢఍ᣵᣜ㻌 ప ᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㛵すᨭ㒊㻌 ᨭ㒊㛗㻌 ▼ᕝ㻌 ಟභ㻌ii✵㛫཯㌿ᑐ⛠ᛶ䛾◚䜜䛯⣔䛻Ⓨ⌧䛩䜛䝟䝸䝔䜱ΰྜ㉸ఏᑟ䛾㠀☢ᛶ୙⣧≀ຠᯝᑠ㔝ᬗᏊ㸯㸪ໟ᱇Ⱚ ‫ె⏣✄ࠊڍ‬ᙪ ‫ڍډڌ‬㸯ᒸᒣ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉‫ڍ‬ᒸᒣ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⮬↛⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉(PDLO HG#VRND\DPDXDFMS ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ᬗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚✵㛫཯㌿ᑐ⛠ᛶ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡣ㟁Ꮚ≧ែ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓ

ࡀḞዴࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ 5DVKED ᆺࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡵࠊ≉ᚩⓗ࡞⤖ᬗᵓ㐀࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞≀ᛶࡢ◊㍈ࡢ཯ᑐ⛠ࢫࣆࣥ㌶㐨┦஫స⏝ࡼࡾࡶ」㞧࡞཯✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ✵㛫཯㌿ᑐ⛠ᛶࡀḞᑐ⛠ࢫࣆࣥ㌶㐨┦஫స⏝ࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉ

ዴࡋࡓ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡸ⏺㠃࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿከᵝ࡞≀ᛶࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ✵㛫཯㌿ᑐ⛠ᛶࡢ◚ࢀࡓ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀࡛ࡢ㉸ఏᑟⓎ⌧ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ᑐ⛠ᛶࡀ㧗࠸⤖ᬗᵓ㐀࡛ࡣ㉸ఏᑟ㟁Ꮚᑐࡣࢫࣆ୍ࣥ㔜㡯≧ែ࠿ࢫࣆࣥ୕㔜㡯≧ែࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ⤖ᬗࡢ✵㛫཯㌿ᑐ⛠ᛶࡀḞዴࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ‫཯ڇ‬ᑐ⛠ࢫࣆࣥ㌶㐨
┦஫స⏝‫ڃ‬DQWLV\PPHWULF VSLQ RUELW FRXSOLQJ  $62&‫ڄ‬ᅗࡢᙳ㡪࡛ࣃࣜࢸ࢕ΰྜ㉸ఏᑟ≧ែࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿྍ

/L3G% ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀 ᐇ㦂࡜⪃ᐹ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ>@ࠋࡲࡓ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ V Ἴ㉸ఏᑟࡣ㠀☢
ᛶ୙⣧≀࡟࠶ࡲࡾᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡎ㸪㉸ఏᑟ㟁ᏊᑐἼ

/L7%[$O[ ࡢከ⤖ᬗࢆ  ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࢔࣮ࢡ࣓ࣝࢺ

ື㛵ᩘ࡟➢ྕ཯㌿ࢆక࠺㠀 V Ἴ㉸ఏᑟࡣ㠀☢ᛶ୙

ἲ>@࡛ྜᡂࡋࡓࠋ7 %[$O[ ྜ㔠ࢆྜᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜

⣧≀࡟ᩄឤ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣ㠀

࡛⼥Ⅼࢆୗࡆⴭࡋࡃ⼥Ⅼࡢ␗࡞ࡿ /L ࡜ࡢྜᡂࢆ

☢ᛶ୙⣧≀ຠᯝࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ࣃࣜࢸ࢕ΰྜࡢẚ⋡⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏳᐃࡋࡓྜᡂࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ

ࢆไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

⤖ᯝⓗ࡟㉁ࡢ␗࡞ࡿヨᩱࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡾࠊヨᩱ
ࡢ㉁ࢆṧ␃᢬ᢠ 䃠55 ࡛ホ౯ࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋ

3G ࡢ≀ᛶ
3W㸪3G
 /L7% 7  3Wᅗ  ࡣ /L3G% ࡢ  ✀㢮ࡢ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㉁ࡢヨᩱ࡟/L3G% ࡜ /L3W% ࡣ✵㛫⩌ 3>@ࡢ✵㛫཯㌿࠾ࡅࡿ +7 ㉸ఏᑟ┦ᅗࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌿⛣ᗘ 7Fᑐ⛠ᛶࡀḞዴࡋࡓྠࡌ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟

ࡣ㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ࡛Ỵᐃࡋࡓࠋ7F ࡢヨᩱ౫Ꮡᛶࡣᑠࡉ࠸

ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࡲࡗࡓࡃ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㉸ఏᑟ≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡀ㸪+F ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ/L7% 7 3W㸪3G ࡟ࡘࡢヨᩱ  ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⣙  ಸ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ

࠸࡚ࡢ 105>@࡜☢ሙ౵ධ㛗>@ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡣ 3LSSDUG>@ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓᖹᆒ⮬⏤⾜⛬ O/L3W% ࡣࢫࣆࣥ୕㔜㡯࡜୍㔜㡯ࡀ⣙  ࡛ΰྜࡍࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ᭷ຠࢥࣄ࣮ࣞࣥࢫ㛗 ȟ ࡢ㛵ಀᘧࡣ᭱ࡶⰋ࠸㉁ࡢヨᩱ  ࡜᭱ࡶᝏ࠸㉁ࡿ㉸ఏᑟ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪/L3G% ࡣࢫࣆ୍ࣥ㔜㡯㉸ȟ 㸻ȟ䃐O

ఏᑟ≧ែࡀ⣙  ๭ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㉸ఏᑟ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜♧၀ࡉ࠿ࡽࠊ+F ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࠋ䃐 ࡣᐃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪/L7% 7 3W㸪3G ࡢ㟁Ꮚ┦㛵ᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ  ࡢᤄධࢢࣛࣇࡣࠊ㠀☢ᛶ୙⣧≀ࢆࡣᙉࡃ࡞ࡃࠊ㠀ᚑ᮶ᆺࡢ㉸ఏᑟࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿᶵᵓ࡟

᝿ᐃࡋࡓ V Ἴ㉸ఏᑟࡢ⌮ㄽィ⟬ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇ

⯆࿡ࡀᣢࡓࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪/L7% 7 3W㸪3G ࡣ %3W㦂࡛ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡜Ⰻࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓࡣ %3G ࡢඵ㠃యࢆṍࡵࡓᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ❧᪉

/L3W% ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍࠋᅗ  ࡢ /L3G% ࡜㻝᫂ࡽ࠿࡟␗࡞ࡾࠊࢫࣆࣥ୕㔜㡯㉸ఏᑟ≧ែࡀᨭ㓄ⓗࡔ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ /L3W% ࡛ࡣᑐ◚ቯࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋᅗ  ࡢᤄධࢢࣛࣇࡣࠊ㠀☢
ᛶ୙⣧≀ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ㠀 V Ἴ㉸ఏᑟࡢ⌮ㄽィ⟬ࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡛࠶ࡾ ࡓࡔࡋࠊࢫࣆࣥ୕㔜㡯 G Ἴ G[ \ ࡢィ⟬࡞ࡢ࡛㠀 V Ἴ㉸ఏᑟࡢཧ⪃౛࡜ࡋࡓࠋ ࠊᐇ㦂࡜ẚ࡭࡚᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀⰋࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋᅗ 㸪ᅗ  ࡟ 7F ࡢ䃠55 ౫ᏑᛶࡢᵝᏊࢆ♧ࡍࠋࢫࣆ୍ࣥ㔜㡯ࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ /L3G% ࡣࠊ㠀☢ᛶ୙⣧≀

ᅗ

/L3G% +7F ┦ᅗ࡟ᙉࡃࠊࢫࣆࣥ୕㔜㡯ࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ /L3W% ࡛ࡣ㌿⛣ᗘࡢῶᑡࡀぢࡽࢀࠊ㠀☢ᛶ୙⣧≀ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ O [ ್ࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿ࡜ࠊ୍␒ࡢ㉁ࡢᝏ࠸ ࡢヨᩱ࡛ࡣ O [ |  ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ஘ࢀࡓ㉸ఏᑟ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㉸ఏᑟࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࠊ㠀ᚑ᮶ᆺ㉸ఏᑟࡣ୙⣧≀࡟ᩄឤ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ
ࡇࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ㉸ఏᑟࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ㉸ఏᑟ㟁Ꮚᑐࡢᑐ⛠ᛶࡸ୙⣧≀ᩓ஘ࡢᶵᵓ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ
≀㉁≉᭷ࡢᑐ◚ቯࢆᢚไࡍࡿᶵᵓࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ᅗ  /L3W% +7F ┦ᅗࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ⣔࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ୙⣧≀ᩓ஘ࡀᢚไࡉ
ࢀࡿᶵᵓࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀࢺ࣏ࣟࢪ࢝ࣝ㉸ఏᑟ࡛㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ>@ࠊ/L7% ࡢ㉸ఏᑟࡢᑐ⛠ᛶࡸࣇ࢙࣑ࣝ࢜ࣟࢪ࣮ヲ⣽࡞◊✲ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩>@ 'UHVVHOKDXV *  3K\V5HY/HWW

>@ 5DVKED ( DQG 7YHUG )L] /HLQLQJUDG 7HOD  6RY 3K\V6ROLG

6WDWH >@ *RUNYDQG / 3 DQG 5DVKED ( ,   3K\V5HY/HWWᅗ  /L3G% ㌿⛣ᗘ࡜ȡ55 ౫Ꮡᛶᅗᗘ࡜ȡ55 ౫Ꮡᛶ>@ 1LVKL\DPD 0 ,QDGD < DQG =KHQJ *RXTXLQJ 3K\V5HY/HWW
>@ <XDQ + 4$JWHUEHUJ ') +D\DVKL 1 %DGLFD 3 9DGHUYHOGH '
7RJDQR . 6LJULVW . DQG 6DOPRQ 0 %  3K\V5HY/HWW
>@ 8 (LEHQVWHLQ DQG : -XQJ  -6ROLG 6WDWH &KHP   
>@ %DGLFD 3 .RQGR 7 2ULPR DQG 7RJDQR .  - 3K\V 6RF -SQ 
>@ 3LSSDG $ % 3URFHHGLQJD WKH 5R\DO 6RFLHW\ $  
>@ .DUHQ 0LFKDHOL DQG /LDQJ )X  3K\V5HY/HWW  

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1) E. Babaev and M. Speight, Phys. Rev. B 72, 180502 (2005).
2) V. V. Moshchalkov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 117001 (2009).
3) Y. Niwa and M. Kato, Physics Procedia 27, 116 (2011).

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MBE ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡢ〇⭷᏷ᡞᐶ᫂ 㸪஧⚄ᩔ 㸪ᕝ஭୍ᶞ 㸪㔝ཱྀᝅ 㸪ᅄ㇂௵ 㸪▼⏣Ṋ࿴ ኱㜰ᗓ❧኱ᏛᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸪 ኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫࢼࣀࣇ࢓ࣈࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲ᡤ㸪኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ  ୡ⣖⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᶵᵓ
VKLVKLGR#SHRVDNDIXXDFMS

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ࡣูࠎࡢ⵨╔※࠿ࡽྠ᫬࡟⵨╔ࡉࡏ㸪ຍ⇕ࡋࡓ
MgB2 ࡣ 2001 ᖺ࡟Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓ㉸ఏᑟయ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᇶᯈୖ࡛ MgB2 ⭷ࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬⵨╔※࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ Mg㸪B ඹ࡟ K ࢭࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬 B ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢ㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ ᗘ Tc ࡣ Tc = 39 K ࡟ࡶ㐩ࡋ㸪ࡣ㧗 K ࢭࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪1870Υ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛᪼ ࡋⓎぢᙜ᫬ࡣ㖡㓟໬≀㧗 ㉸ఏᑟయ࡟ḟࡄ㧗࠸㌿࡚᪼⳹࡟ࡼࡿ⵨╔ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬㧗K ࢭࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ⛣ ᗘࢆ♧ࡍ㉸ఏᑟ≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚኱࠸࡟ὀ┠ࢆ㞟B ࡢ⵨╔ࡣ㸪ᡃࠎ⊂⮬ࡢヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௚ࡢࢢࣝࡵࡓ[1]ࡑࡢᚋࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ㸪඲㡿ᇦ࡛㉸ఏᑟࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀ㛤࠸ࡓ㸪s Ἴࡢ㉸ఏᑟయ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜[2]㸪 ࣮ࣉ࡟ࡼࡿሗ࿌ࡣ↓࠸㸬K ࢭࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜㸪ప࠸⵨╔㏿ᗘ࡛ࡶཎᩱཎᏊࢆᏳᐃⓗ࡟౪⤥࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࣂࣥࢻ࡜ࣂࣥࢻࡢ㉸ఏᑟࢠࣕࢵࣉࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀ
ᡃࠎࡣ 0.05 ύ/sec ⛬ᗘࡢࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜ࡋࡓᡂ⭷኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜[3]࡞࡝ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ
㏿ᗘࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡓ㸬୍⯡࡟ᡂ⭷㏿ᗘࢆⴠ࡜ࡏࡤ㸪ࡓ㸬≉࡟ 2 ࡘࡢࣂࣥࢻ࡛኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㉸ఏᑟࡼࡾప࠸ ᗘ࡛ⷧ⭷ࢆ࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆᣢࡘ㉸ఏᑟయࡣᮏ≀㉁ࡀึࡵ࡚ࡢሗ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸬Mg ࡣᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸⵨Ẽᅽࢆᣢࡘ࿌࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢ⯆࿡ࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ㸬ࡓࡵ㸪ᇶᯈୖ࡛ࡢ෌⵨Ⓨࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ㸬෌⵨Ⓨ࡛ኻ
MgB2 ࡣࣇ࢛ࣀࣥࢆ፹௓࡜ࡍࡿ㉸ఏᑟయࡢ୰
ࢃࢀࡿศࢆ༑ศ࡟⿵࠼ࡿ㔞ࡢ Mg ࢆ౪⤥ࡍࡿᚲ࡛ࡣ㸪௒ࡲ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≀㉁ࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ㧗࠸せࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᇶᯈ ᗘࢆపࡃᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࢀࡤ㸪ࡑ
Tc ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬඲㉸ఏᑟయࢆ═ࡵ࡚ࡶ MgB2 ࡼࡾࡶࡢศࡔࡅ෌⵨Ⓨࡶᢚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㧗࠸㌿⛣ ᗘࢆ♧ࡍ≀㉁ࡣ㖡㓟໬≀㧗 ㉸ఏᑟ୍⯡࡟ప ࡛⵨╔ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ⭷⾲㠃ࡢᖹᆠᛶࡣᨵ
య࡜㕲ࣄ⣲⣔㧗 ㉸ఏᑟయ௨እ࡟࡞ࡃ㸪ᑦୟࡘၿࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬༢⣧࡞㔠ᒓ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ẘᛶඖ⣲ࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸
ᡃࠎࡣⰋዲ࡞⾲㠃ᖹᆠᛶࢆᣢࡘࢧࣇ࢓࢖ࣖᇶ
࡜࠸࠺฼Ⅼ࠿ࡽ㸪ᛂ⏝ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶᵝࠎ࡞◊✲10ᯈࡢ c 㠃ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡢ〇⭷ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᡃࠎࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ B ࡜୰ᇶᯈᗘࡣ 250Υ㹼300Υ㸪 B ࡜ Mg ࡢ⵨╔㏿ᛶᏊࡢ᰾཯ᛂࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ㸪඲ᅛయ⣲Ꮚ MgB2 ୰ᗘࡢẚࡣ mol ẚ࡛ 1:7㹼11 ⛬ᗘࡢ᮲௳࡛⾜࠸㸪ᛶᏊ᳨ฟჾࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ[4]㸬ࡑࢀ௨60
nm ⛬ᗘࡢཌࡳࡢ MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࢆᚓࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪እ࡟ࡶ㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸ㸪⣲Ꮚ໬ࢆ╮ࢇࡔⷧ⭷〇⭷୰࡟ࡣ཯ᑕ㧗㏿㟁Ꮚ⥺ᅇᢡ(RHEED)࡟ࡼࡿ
໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ୍㐃ࡢ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᚤ⣽ຍ⭷⾲㠃ࡢࡑࡢሙほ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᕤࢆ⢭ᐦ࡟⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣཎᏊᒙ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࣇࣛࢵ
ࢺ࡞⾲㠃ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ྠ᫬࡟ྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ Tc ࡀ ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ㧗ࡃ㸪ᆒ㉁࡞⭷ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸㸬୍⯡࡟࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩ
ᅗ 1 ࡟ MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡢ RHEED ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࣕࣝᡂ㛗ࡋࡓ⭷࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ᮲௳ࡀ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࢫ࣏ࢵࢺⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㧗ḟࡢᅇᢡࡲ࡛Ⰻࡃぢ࡛ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀྲྀࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬MgB2
࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬㧗ḟࡢᅇᢡࢆぢࡿ࡜➼㛫࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝⷧ⭷〇⭷࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࡇࢀࡲ
㝸࡞఩⨨࠿ࡽࡎࢀࡓ఩⨨࡟ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸࡛࡟≀⌮⵨╔࡜໬Ꮫ㍺㏦ἲࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ
HPCVD[5]ࡸ B ࢆ㟁Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒࡟ࡼࡾ⵨╔ࡍࡿศᏊ⥺࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩ࣮(MBE)ἲ[6]ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᡃࠎࡣ B ࡢ⵨╔࡟㧗 ࢡࢾ࣮ࢻࢭࣥࢭࣝ(K ࢭࣝ)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ MBE ἲ࡟ࡼࡾ MgB2 ࡢⷧ⭷స〇࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ศᏊ⥺࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩ࣮ἲ
MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡢస〇ࡣ MBE ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓ㸬⵨╔᫬ࡢ┿✵ᗘࡣ⣙ 7x10-7 Pa ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Mg㸪B

ᅗ 1MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡢ RHEED ീ㸬㻡ࡢሙྜࡣ㠃ෆࡢ 6 ᅇᑐ⛠ᛶࢆ཯ᫎࡋ㸪ࡀᅇᢡ᮲
௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ 6 ࢝ᡤࡔࡅ࡟ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢゅᗘ࡛࡯ࡰྠ➼ࡢᅇᢡᙉᗘࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㠃ෆ࡟㓄ྥᛶࡀ↓࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
RHEED㸪㠃㛫 X ⥺ᅇᢡࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪ᡃࠎࡀస〇ࡋࡓ MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡣ c ㍈㓄ྥ⭷࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⤖ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ḟ࡟㉸ఏᑟ≉ᛶࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡ࡢᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟᫂░࡞㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ప ࡛ࢮࣟ᢬ᢠࡀ⌧ࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ㌿⛣ ᗘࡣ TcOnset = 33.7 K㸪TcOffset = 33.5 K ࡜㸪ⷧ⭷࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ㧗ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ㌿⛣ᖜTc ࡶTc
= 0.2 K ࡜ẚ㍑ⓗࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ࡞㌿⛣ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪⭷⾲㠃ࡢᖹᆠᛶࡣ㧗࠸ࡀ㸪࢚ࣆࢱ࢟ࢩࣕࣝᡂ㛗ࡣࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪c ㍈㓄ྥ⭷࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

ᅗ 2MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡢ㠃㛫᪉ྥ࡛ࡢ X ⥺ᅇᢡ㸬ḟ࡟㠃㛫᪉ྥ࡛ࡢ X ⥺ᅇᢡࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ࢧࣇ࢓࢖ࣖᇶᯈࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ௨እ࡟㸪MgB2 ࡢ(001)࡜(002)཯ᑕࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ୙⣧≀ࣆ࣮ࢡࡣᐇ㦂⢭ᗘࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞
࠸㸬(00l)཯ᑕࡢࡳࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪௒ᅇᚓࡽࢀࡓ MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ c ㍈㓄ྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ MgB2 (002)ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࣟࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ࣮࢝ࣈࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࡑࡢ್༙ᖜࡣ⣙ 4 ᗘࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪㓄ྥᛶࡣẚ㍑ⓗᝏ࠸㸬

ᅗ 4MgB2 ࡢ㟁Ẽ᢬ᢠ⋡㸬᫂░࡞㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬

 ࡲ࡜ࡵ ᡃࠎࡣ MBE ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ MgB2 ㉸ఏᑟⷧ⭷ࡢ〇⭷ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬⭷ཌ 60 nm ⛬ᗘ࡛ F ㍈㓄ྥࡋࡓ⭷ࡢస〇࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓࡇࡢ⭷ࡣࢮࣟ᢬ᢠࢆ♧ࡋ㸪Tc = 34.5 K㸪Tc = 0.2 K ࡜㸪ⷧ⭷࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣẚ㍑ⓗⰋዲ࡞㉸ఏᑟ≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬


ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

[1] J. Nagamatsu et al., Nature 410 (2001) 63.
[2] S.L. Bud’ko et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001)
1877.
[3] A. Y. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001)
087005.
㠃ෆࡢ᪉఩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢ㓄ྥᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟(102)཯ᑕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 [4]ྜྷᒸ┤ே et al., ➨11ᅇప ᕤᏛ࣭㉸ఏᑟⱝᡭ
ྜྠㅮ₇఍
ࢫ࡛࢟ࣕࣥࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ X ⥺ࡢධᑕゅ࡜ᅇᢡゅࢆㄪ[5] X. Zeng et al., Nat. Mat. 1 (2002) 35.
ᩚࡋ㸪c ㍈࠿ࡽഴ࠸ࡓ཯ᑕ㸦ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ(102)཯ᑕ㸧[6]
K. Ueda and M. Naito, App. Phys. Lett. 79ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ≧ែ࡛ᇶᯈࢆᆶ┤㍈ᅇࡾ࡟
(2001) 2046, A. J. M. Van Erven et al., App.
360 ᗘᅇ㌿ࡉࡏࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪ᅇᢡᙉᗘ࡟ࡣ㠃
Phys. Lett. 81 (2002) 4982.
ෆࡢ㓄ྥᛶࡀ཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿ㸬භ᪉ᬗ࡛࠶ࡿ MgB2
ᅗ 3MgB2 ⷧ⭷ࡢ(102)཯ᑕ࡛ࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣥ㸬㻢㟁ὶ䝞䜲䜰䝇㐠ື䜲䞁䝎䜽䝍䞁䝇ἲ䛻䜘䜛MgB2㉸ఏᑟ୰ᛶᏊ᳨ฟჾ䛾㛤Ⓨ㻌㻌ྜྷᒸ┤ே䚸 ඵᮌ⾜ኴ㑻䚸 㬆⚄ྜྷே䚸 ඣ⋢㝧ᖹ䚸㻭㻘㻮᏷ᡞᐶ᫂䚸㻯ᐑᔱⱱஅ䚸㻯⸨ᕳᮁ䚸㻰୕ᮌⱱே䚸㻮㻘㻰⋤㙠䚸㻱⏫⏣ᫀᙪ䚸㻭㻘㻮▼⏣Ṋ࿴㻌㻌㻭኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻌 ኱㜰ᗓሜᕷ୰༊Ꮫᅬ⏫㻝㻙㻝㻌㻮኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ䝘䝜䝣䜯䝤䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁◊✲ᡤ㻌 ኱㜰ᗓሜᕷ୰༊Ꮫᅬ⏫㻝㻙㻝㻌㻯ྡྂᒇ኱ᏛᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻌 ྡྂᒇᕷ༓✀༊୙⪁⏫㻌㻰
᝟ሗ㏻ಙ◊✲ᶵᵓ㛵すඛ➃◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌 රᗜ┴⚄ᡞᕷす༊ᒾᒸ⏫ᒾᒸ㻡㻤㻤㻙㻞㻌㻱᪥ᮏཎᏊຊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㻌 䝅䝇䝔䝮ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌 ᮾி㒔ྎᮾ༊ᮾୖ㔝㻢㻙㻥㻙㻟㻌㻌 
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌
(1)

 =

 
ᡃ䚻䛾◊✲䜾䝹䞊䝥䛷䛿䚸㔠ᒓ⣔㉸ఏᑟయ㐠ື䜲䞁䝎䜽䝍䞁䝇䛿ns䛻౫Ꮡ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ᚤᑠ䛺䛷䛿᭱㧗䛾㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ ᗘTc = 39 K䜢ᣢ䛴᫬㛫t䛷䚸䝞䜲䜰䝇㟁ὶIb䜢ὶ䛧䛯MgB2⣲Ꮚ䛾
MgB2[1]䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸4 K䛷ືస䛩䜛㻹㼓㻮㻞 ㉸ఏᑟ㟁ᅽV䛸䜲䞁䝎䜽䝍䞁䝇L䚸Ib䛾㛵ಀ䛿ḟᘧ䛷䛒୰ᛶᏊ᳨ฟჾ䛾㛤Ⓨ䜢᪂䛯䛻㛤ጞ䛧䛯䚹᰾䜛䚹㻌཯ᛂ⇕䛻䜘䛳䛶ᒁᡤⓗ䛻䜽䞊䝟䞊ᑐ䛜◚ቯ䛥㻌䜜䚸䜽䞊䝟䞊ᑐᐦᗘ䛜ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䚹∆( ) ∆∆(2)

MgB2 ୰䛾 10B䛸እ㒊䛛䜙㣕᮶䛧䛯୰ᛶᏊ䛜⾪
=
=
+

∆
∆
∆
✺䛧䚸᰾཯ᛂ䜢㉳䛣䛩㝿䛻᰾཯ᛂ⇕䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䚹 㻌᰾཯ᛂ⇕䛻䜘䜚䜽䞊䝟䞊ᑐ䛾୍㒊䛜‽⢏Ꮚ䛸䜽䞊䝟䞊ᑐ䛾୍㒊䛿䚸‽⢏Ꮚ䛸䛺䜚ບ㉳䛥䜜䜛䛺䜚ບ㉳䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䛾ບ㉳䛻䜘䜛㐠ື䜲䞁䝎䜽䝍䛜䚸⣲Ꮚ䛾㉸ఏᑟ≧ែ䛿ಖ䛯䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䚸ᘧ䞁䝇䛾ኚ໬䜢ィ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷୰ᛶᏊ䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛(2)䛾➨2㡯䛾㟁ὶ䛾ኚ໬ศIb䛿䝊䝻䛸䛺䜚䚸ᘧ䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣➃䜢฼⏝䛩(2)䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䚹㻌㻌䜛᪉ᘧ䛸䛾኱䛝䛺㐪䛔䛿㻠㻷䜢ྵ䜑ప 䛷ືస∆䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛺䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌
(3)

≈

∆
ከ⣲Ꮚ໬䛻䜘䜛㧗ศゎ⬟୰ᛶᏊ䜲䝯䞊䝆䞁䜾㻌䜈䛾ᒎ㛤䜢ᅗ䜛䛯䜑䛻ㄞ䜏ฟ䛧ᅇ㊰䛻4K䛷ື䛣䛾㟁ᅽ䜢䜸䝅䝻䝇䝁䞊䝥䛷ほ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷㐠ືస䛩䜛☢᮰㔞Ꮚ(SFQ)ᅇ㊰䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛜䚸඲ᅛ䜲䞁䝎䜽䝍䞁䝇䛾ኚ໬䜢᳨ฟ䛷䛝䜛䚹(ᅗ1)㻌
య⣲Ꮚ䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆䛾ప ᐇ⿦䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙䛿4 K
ືస䛿⇕タィ䜔ಙྕఏ㐩䛷᭷฼䛸䛺䜛䚹ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䚸୰ᛶᏊ↷ᑕ䜢ᶍᨃ䛩䜛20 ps䝟䝹䝇䝺䞊䝄䞊↷ᑕᐇ㦂䛷ᡃ䚻䛾ᥦ᱌䛩䜛㟁ὶ䝞䜲䜰䝇㐠ື䜲䞁䝎䜽䝍䞁䝇ἲ䛻䜘䜛ᛂ⟅≉ᛶ䜢ㄪ䜉䚸᳨ฟჾ䛾4 Kືస䜢ึ䜑䛶☜ㄆ䛧䛯䚹㻌㻌
2. ືసཎ⌮㻌⣲Ꮚ䛾㐠ື䜲䞁䝎䜽䝍䞁䝇Lk䛿䚸䜽䞊䝟䞊ᑐ䛾㉁㔞m䚸ᐦᗘns䚸㟁Ⲵ㔞q䚸⣲Ꮚ䛾඲㛗l䚸᩿㠃✚S䜢⏝䛔䛶ḟᘧ䛷⾲䛥䜜䜛䚹㻌ᅗ1. 㟁ὶࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ㐠ື࢖ࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ
㻌ἲࡢ᳨ฟᅇ㊰ࡢᵓᡂᅗࠋ
㻌
㻭

㻭

㻭

㻭

㻣

(a)



ᅗ2. 20 psࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆMgB2⣲Ꮚ࡟↷ᑕࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢಙྕࡢ᫬㛫Ἴᙧࠋࣃࣝࢫ
ᖜࡣ⣙3 ns࡜㧗㏿࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ


(b)

㻌
3. ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ㻌
ᅗ2䛿䚸෭෾ᶵෆ䛷4 K䛻෭༷䛥䜜䛯MgB2⣲Ꮚ䛻䝟䝹䝇䝺䞊䝄䞊䜢↷ᑕ䛧䛯䛸䛝䚸ほ 䛧䛯ᛂ⟅ಙྕ䛾᫬㛫Ἴᙧ䛷䛒䜛䚹᳨ฟჾ䛿䚸4K䛷ືస䛧䚸ᛂ⟅㏿ᗘ䛿䚸3 ns䛸㧗㏿ືస䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸䝟䝹䝇䝺䞊䝄䞊䛿䚸䝢䜶䝌㥑ືXYZ䝇䝔䞊䝆䛻ᦚ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸䝺䞊䝄䞊䝇䝫䝑䝖䜢㉮ᰝ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹䛣䛾୕ḟඖ㉮ᰝᢏ⾡䛷䚸䝺䞊䝄䞊䝇䝫䝑䝖䜢᭱ᑠ
0.5 m䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛷ไᚚ䛧䚸⣲Ꮚ䛾ྛ㒊䛻䛚䛡䜛ᛂ⟅ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄪ䜉䛯䚹ᅗ3.(a)䛜㉮ᰝ䛻⏝䛔䛯MgB2 ⣲Ꮚ䛷䛒䜛䚹⣲Ꮚ䛿䚸200 mゅ䛷䚸⥺ᖜ3 m䛾䝯䜰䞁䝎䝷䜲䞁≧䛻ຍᕤ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹ᅗ3.(b)䛜4 K䛷䝺䞊䝄䞊䝇䝫䝑䝖䜢㉮ᰝ䛧䛯䛸䛝䛾ಙྕ䛾ศᕸ䛷䛒䜛䚹1䝟䝹䝇䛒䛯䜚䛾䝺䞊䝄䞊䝟䝽䞊䛿137 MeV䛷䚸䝞䜲䜰䝇㟁ὶ䛿300 A䛷䛒䜛䚹⣲Ꮚ඲య䛾ᵓ㐀䛜෌⌧䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸⣲Ꮚ඲య䛷ືస䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛯䚹㻌㻌
4. 䜎䛸䜑㻌
ᮏ◊✲䛷᪂䛧䛔ືసཎ⌮䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䛯᳨ฟჾ
䛿䚸4K䛷ືస䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻ᡂຌ䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸䝺䞊䝄䞊↷ᑕ䛷䛾ᛂ⟅㏿ᗘ䛿䚸3ns䛷䛒䜚䚸୰ᛶᏊ཯ᛂ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺㧗㏿ືస䛜ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸4 K䛷䛾ືస䛿䚸௒ᚋ䛾SFQ

ᅗ3.(a)MgB2࣓࢔ࣥࢲࣛ࢖ࣥ⣲Ꮚࡢ෗┿ࠋ኱ࡁ
ࡉࡣ200 x 200 m࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⥺ᖜࡣࠊ3 m࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(b) 20 psࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢ↷ᑕࢆXY㉮ᰝࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ㐠ື࢖ࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫኚ໬࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿಙྕ
ࡢἼ㧗ࡢ➼㧗⥺ᅗࠋ200 x 200 mࡢ࣓࢔ࣥࢲࣛ
࢖ࣥ⣲Ꮚࡢ඲యࡀࡼࡃぢ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㻌ᅇ㊰䛸⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛶ㄞ䜏ฟ䛧ᅇ㊰䛻䜘䜚ຠ⋡ⓗ䛺ከ⣲Ꮚ໬䜈䛾ᒎ㛤䜢ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䜛䚹௒ᚋ䛿䚸䛥䜙䛻ヲ⣽䛺MgB2 ⣲Ꮚ䛾ホ౯䜢㐍䜑䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸
SFQᅇ㊰䜢฼⏝䛧䛯ಙྕฎ⌮ᢏ⾡䛸䛾⼥ྜ䜢⾜䛖ணᐃ䛷䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸᭱⤊ⓗ䛻䛿୰ᛶᏊ䜢↷ᑕ䛧䚸୰ᛶᏊ᳨ฟ䜢ヨ䜏䜛䚹㻌㻌
5. ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌
[1] J. Nagamatsu et al., Nature, 410 (2001) 63.
[2] N. Yoshioka et al., ᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍2012᫓, ᖺḟ኱఍㡿ᇦ10, 25pCL-3.㻌

㻤ࢽ࣮ࢻࣝࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㉮ᰝᆺ STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࡢ◊✲Ώ㑓 㥽㏻㸪ᐑᡞ ♸἞㸪⣒㷂 ⚽ኵ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᇶ♏ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉E-mail: n.watanabe@sup.ee.es.osaka-u.ac.jp

Abstract㉮ ᰝ ࢺ ࣥࢿ ࣝ㢧 ᚤ 㙾 㸦 STM: Scanning Tunneling Microscope 㸧 ࡜ ㉸ ఏ ᑟ㔞 Ꮚᖸ ΅ ⣲Ꮚ 㸦 SQUID:Superconducting Quantum Interference Device㸧ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ㧗ศゎ⬟࡛☢ᛶᮦᩱࡢ☢ሙീࡢᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㧗㏱☢⋡ࡢ☢Ẽࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢᒁᡤⓗ࡞☢ሙࢆ SQUID ࡟ఏ㐩ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ☢Ẽࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ STM ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶే⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ✵㛫ศゎ⬟ࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࠋ௒ᅇࠊ㟁ゎ◊☻ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ☢Ẽࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢస〇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡋඛ➃ᚄࡀ 100 nm ௨ୗࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ෌⌧ᛶࡼࡃస〇࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛స〇ࡋࡓ☢Ẽࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡟㐺⏝ࡋࠊNi ⷧ⭷ࡢ☢༊ᵓ㐀ࢆほ

1.

ࡋࡓࠋ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

㐍ࡴ࡜ࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖⥺ࡣ⁐ᾮ⾲㠃࡛ษ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ ☢ᛶᮦᩱࡢᚤ⣽☢Ẽᵓ㐀ࡢほᐹࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊSTM

࡞ࡿࠋࣉࣟࢭࢫ⤊஢㛫㝿࡛ࡣࠊඛ➃ࡢᚤᑠ࡞⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢ࡜ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࡳ◊☻ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢඛ➃ᚄࡣ 100 nm ௨ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐊ

኱Ẽ୰࡟࠶ࡿヨᩱ࡜ SQUID ࡢୗࡢ༑ศ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࣇࣛࢵࢡࢫ࢞࢖ࢻ࡜

㛫࡟㧗㏱☢⋡ࡢࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ㓄⨨ࡋࠊヨᩱࡢ

STM ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢ୧ᶵ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ

ᒁᡤⓗ࡞☢ሙࢆ

ࢆࠊ࢔ࢡࣜࣝ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘࡟㈏㏻ࡉࡏ࡚┿✵᥋╔๣࡛ᅛᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋࣉ࣮ࣟࣈඛ➃ࡣࠊ㟁ゎ◊☻ἲ࡟ࡼࡾඛ➃ᚄࡀ 100 nm ⛬ᗘ࡟࡞ࡿࡲ

ᐃࡋࠊSQUID ࡜ヨᩱࡢ㛫࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࠋ࡛◊☻ࡋ࡚ศゎ⬟ࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᥈㔪-ヨᩱ㛫࡟
LN2ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ㟁ᅽࢆ༳ຍࡋ࡚ STM ᶵ⬟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
Cryostatࡼࡾࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈඛ➃ࢆ◚ᦆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃᴟ㝈ࡲ࡛ヨᩱ

Acrylic window

࡟㏆࡙ࡅ࡚ヨᩱࢆ㉮ᰝ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ
STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࢧࣈ࣑ࢡ࣮ࣟࣥ࢜ࢲ࣮
ࡢศゎ⬟࡛ヨᩱࡢ☢ሙീࢆほ

Sapphire rod
FLL

SQUID

ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞

Current amp.

Probeࡗࡓ [1]ࠋ௒ᅇࠊࢱࣥࢢࢫࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢస〇࡟⏝࠸

Piezoscannerࡽࢀࡿࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲࢆࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢస〇Magnetic
image

Voltage source

Z
X

Y

STM
Feedback

Topographic
image࡟㐺⏝ࡋࠊ෌⌧ᛶࡼࡃඛ➃ᚄࡀ 100 nm ௨ୗࡢࣃ࣮࣐
ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡀస〇࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈస〇ࣉࣟ

Mechanical stageStage
controllerࢭࢫࡢᨵⰋࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚స〇ࡋᅗ 1 STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࡓࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡟㐺⏝ࡋࠊNi ⷧ⭷ࡢ☢༊ᵓ㐀ࢆほࡋࡓࠋSQUID ࡣࠊSrTiO3 ࣂ࢖ࢡࣜࢫࢱࣝᇶᯈୖ࡟స〇ࡋࡓ࣡

2. ᐇ㦂ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡣࠊࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲࢆ┤ᚄ 90 μm ࡢࣃ࣮࣐ࢵࢩࣕࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ 3.5 mm ࡢ YBCO rf-SQUID ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊᾮࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡟㐺⏝ࡋ࡚స〇ࡋࡓࠋ㝜ᴟࡢⓑ㔠⥺ࢆ◊య❅⣲ࢹࣗ࢔ࡢᗏ࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࢧࣇ࢓࢖࢔ࣟࢵ

☻ᾮ࡟ỿࡵࡓ≧ែ࡛ࠊ㝧ᴟࡢࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖⥺ࡢඛ➃ࢆ◊ࢻ࡟㓄⨨ࡋࡓࠋヨᩱࡀ㉮ᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡜

☻ᾮ࡟ 2㹼3 mm ᾐࡋࠊ୍ᐃࡢ┤ὶ㟁ᅽࢆຍ࠼࡚◊☻ࢆヨᩱ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳ࡣࠊSTM ᶵ⬟࡟ࡼࡾᩘ nm ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡢ࢜

⾜࠺ࠋ◊☻ࡀࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㏿ࡃ㐍ࡴࡢࡣࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖⥺࡜◊࣮ࢲ୍࣮࡛ᐃ࡟ಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋヨᩱ⾲㠃࠿ࡽࡢ☢ሙࡣ☻ᾮࡢ㛫࡟⾲㠃ᙇຊࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ◊☻ࡀࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ SQUID ࡟ࡼࡾ᳨▱ࡉࢀࠊ⾲㠃ᙧ≧

㻥

(a)

ീ࡜☢ሙീࢆྠ᫬࡟ྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2.

⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

A

ࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲࡣࠊSTM ➼ࡢࢱࣥࢢࢫࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢ

A’㟁ゎ◊☻࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⿦⨨ࡢࢭࢵࢺ࢔ࢵࣉ௨እ࡟ࡣసᴗࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㧗࠸෌⌧ᛶࢆಖࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲ࡛స〇ࡋࡓࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈඛ➃ࡢ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾෗┿ࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋస〇ࡉࢀࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢᙧ≧ࡣ◊☻᫬ࡢ༳ຍ㟁ᅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗࡓࠋప࠸༳ຍ㟁ᅽ࡛◊☻ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ(b)㧗ࡉ [nm]ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈඛ➃ࡢᙧ≧ࡣ࠸ࡧࡘ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ㧗࠸༳ຍ㟁ᅽࡢ࡜ࡁࡣࠊඛ➃ᚄࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ༳ຍ㟁ᅽࡀప࠸࡜◊☻᫬㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ༳ຍ㟁ᅽࡀ㧗࠸࡜ᩘ༑⛊࡛◊☻ᾮෆࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲࡀ
ᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ

ඛ
➃
ᣑ
኱
ീ

0

0

㊥㞳 [μm]

5

(c)
A

50μm

50μm

50μm

1μm

1μm

1μm

A’

(d)
☢ሙ

ࣉ
ࣟ
䤀
ࣈ
ඛ
➃

30

ᅗ 2 ࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࣈᙧ≧ࡢ༳ຍ㟁ᅽ౫Ꮡᛶ ୖẁ: ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈඛ➃ ୗẁ㸸ඛ➃ᣑ኱ീ0༳ຍ㟁ᅽ 30 V ࡛◊☻ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢඛ➃ᚄࡣ
100 nm ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙧ≧ࡣ㛤ࡁゅࡢᑠࡉ࠸෇㗹ᙧ࡟㊥㞳 [μm]5

ᅗ 3 Ỉᖹ᪉ྥ࡟☢໬ࡉࢀࡓ Ni ⷧ⭷ࡢ(a) ⾲㠃ᙧ≧ീ(STM)࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(b) A-A’ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࣛ ࢖ ࣥ ࣉ ࣟ ࣇ ࢓ ࢖ ࣝ  (c) ☢ ሙ ീࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲ࡟ࡼࡾస〇ࡋࡓࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟ

(STM-SQUID) (d) A-A’࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ(⥺ᖹᆒ)ࣈࢆ STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡟㐺⏝ࡋࠊNi ⷧ⭷ࡢ☢ሙീࢆ
3. ࡲ࡜ࡵ

ᐃࡋࡓࠋᅗ 3(a)ࡣࠊࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐃࡋࡓ⾲㠃ᙧ≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ-ヨᩱ ࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢస〇࡟ࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇࢆ㐺⏝㛫ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ㟁ᅽࠊࢺࣥࢿࣝ㟁ὶࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1 Vࠊ0.5ࡋࠊඛ➃ᚄࡀ 100 nm ௨ୗࡢࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ෌

nA ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ 3(b)ࡣࠊ⾲㠃ᙧ≧ീࡢ A-A’ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣛ

⌧ᛶࡼࡃస〇࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢜ࣇἲ࡟ࡼ

࢖ࣥࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ30 nm ࡢพฝࡀほࡉࢀ࡚ࡗ࡚స〇ࡋࡓࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ STM-SQUID 㢧ᚤᐃࡋࡓ Ni ⷧ㙾࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊNi ⷧ⭷ࡢ 450 nm ࡢ኱ࡁࡉSTM ࡟ࡼࡾ

࠸ࡿࠋᅗ 3(c)ࡣࠊSTM-SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡛⭷ࡢ☢ሙീ࡛࠶ࡿࠋヨᩱࡣࠊࡢ⦤≧☢༊ࢆ᫂░࡟ほᐃ๓࡟ 1.3 T ࡢ☢▼ࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ỉᖹ᪉ྥ࡟☢໬ࡋࡓࠋ☢໬ࡉࢀࡓ᪉ྥ࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࠊ
⦤≧ࡢ☢༊ࡀ᫂░࡟ほࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ 3(d)ࡣࠊ☢ሙ

[1] T. Hayashi, M. Tachiki, and H. Itozaki, “STM-SQUIDീࡢ A-A’࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ☢༊ࡢprobe microscope,” Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol. 20, pp.

኱ࡁࡉࡣ 450 nm ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

S374–S379, Nov. 2007.

㻝㻜ከ⤖ᬗኴ㝧㟁ụ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣞࢨㄏ㉳㟁ὶࡢ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ᪥㔝 㝯ᚿ㸪ᐑᡞ ♸἞㸪୰㇂ ᝋၨ㸪⣒㷂 ⚽ኵ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᇶ♏ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉E-mail: hino@sup.ee.es.osaka-u.ac.jp

1.

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ሙほᐹࡢ✵㛫ศゎ⬟ࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ྥୖࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࠊ㧗ឤᗘ࡞☢Ẽࢭࣥࢧ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ㉸࡛࡟ࠊ≉࡟ከ⤖ᬗኴ㝧㟁ụࢆ࣮ࣞࢨ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ఏᑟ㔞Ꮚᖸ΅⣲Ꮚ(SQUID)ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࠊ༙ᑟయࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡼࡾホ౯ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ྲྀᚓࡋ➼ࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࡓ☢ሙീ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏⏺࡟࠶ࡓࡿ఩⨨࡟ࢥࣥࢺࣛ

ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[1-3]ࠋ࣮ࣞࢨ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࡣࠊᇶᮏࢫࢺኚ໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࠊኴ㝧㟁ụホ౯᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃホࡢ࠶࡜࡞ࡿ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡟࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕ⣔ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ

ࡿ LBIC(࣮ࣞࢨගㄏ㉳㟁ὶ)⿦⨨ᵓᡂ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᐃᑐ㇟≀ࡢ༙ᑟయヨᩱ࡟࣮ࣞࢨࢆ

ὶീ࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌ⏬ീࢆᚓࡓ[3]ࠋLBIC

Ⅼ↷ᑕࡋࠊᚤᑠ㡿ᇦ࡟࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆㄏ㉳ࡉࡏࡿࠋࡑࡢ࡜

Ⅼ↷ᑕ࡟క࠸ࠊ▷⤡ࡉࡏࡓ㟁ᴟ㛫࡟ὶࢀࡿ㟁ὶࢆࡁࠊෆ㒊㟁⏺➼ࡢᐤ୚ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜㟁ὶࡀὶࢀࠊࡑࡢ㟁ὶࡍࡿᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ㟁ᴟ࡟㓄⥺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ☢ሙࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡇࡢ☢ሙࢆ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࡣ㟁ᴟࡗ࡚ィࡸ㓄⥺ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ

ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ᧜ീཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡾࠊSQUID ࡜ᐃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿ㟁ᐃࡣ࣮ࣞࢨࡢ
ᐃᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ

࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕⅬࡢ఩⨨㛵ಀࡣᅛᐃࡋ࡚ヨᩱࢆ㉮ᰝࡍࡿ

SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ྲྀᚓࡋࡓ☢ሙീࡣࠊᒁᡤⓗ࡟ࡣ⤖ᬗࡇ࡜࡛㸦ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻ: ᅗ 1(a)㸧ࠊヨᩱࡢྛ⢏⏺ࡸḞ㝗ࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺኚ໬ࡶほᐹ࡛ࡁⅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿගㄏ㉳㟁ὶᙉᗘࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ☢ሙീࡀᚓࡽ

ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨እ࡟⫼ᬒⓗ࡟⌧ࢀࡿ☢ሙࡢศᕸࡀヨᩱ࡟ࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ☢ሙീ࡟ࡼࡾ㛫᥋ⓗ࡟ヨᩱࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔⏕ᡂࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࠊLBIC

࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᒁᡤ㟁ὶศᕸࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ༙ᑟయෆ㒊ᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ ᐃヨᩱࡢ୰ኸ௜㏆ࡢࡈࡃ୍㒊ࢆࡢḞ㝗ࡸືస≧ែࢆ㠀᥋ゐ࣭㠀◚ቯ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

ࡋࡓሙྜࡢࡼ࠺࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ᐃ࡜ྠᵝࡢ⏬ീࡀᐃ࡟ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࡢࡶ࡜ࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࡢ☢

෭༷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊSQUID ࠾ࡼࡧヨᩱሙࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡢ⏤᮶ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ↷ࡢ୧᪉ࢆ┿✵୰࡟⨨ࡃ࠿ࠊࢧࣇ࢓࢖࢔❆➼ࡢ┿✵㝸ቨ

ᑕⅬ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㟁ὶࡀὶࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ SQUID ࢆ┿✵୰ࠊヨᩱࢆ኱Ẽ୰࡟࡜ศࡅ࡚ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅗ 1(b)࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ヨᩱୖࡢ㓄⨨ࡍࡿᵓᡂࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡢሙྜࡣࠊヨᩱ࡜

୍Ⅼ࡟࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕⅬࢆᅛᐃࡋࠊSQUID ഃࡢࢽ࣮ࢻࣝ

SQUID ࡜ࡢ㊥㞳ࢆ㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊ

ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆ㉮ᰝࡍࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻࢆ᪂ࡓ

㉮ᰝᶵᵓࢆྵࡵ࡚┿✵ࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲ

࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࠊヨᩱࡢᙧ≧ࡸࠊ㟁ᴟࡢ᭷↓࣭㓄⨨ࡢᙳ㡪࡟せ࡛⿦⨨ᵓᡂࡀ」㞧࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㏫࡟ᚋ⪅ࡣࠊ⿦⨨ᵓᡂࡀࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋ

࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ࠊSQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾ࡣࠊSQUID ࢆప⡆༢࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ┿✵㝸ቨࡢࡓࡵ࡟ SQUID ࢆヨᩱ࡟㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊほᐹࡉࢀࡿ☢ሙࡢ✵㛫ศゎ⬟ࡣపࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ࡣࠊᅗ 1(a)࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ᚋ⪅ࡢ⿦⨨ᵓᡂࢆඖ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ
SQUID ࡜ヨᩱࡢ㛫ࡢ㝸ቨ࡟ࠊ㧗㏱☢⋡ࡢࣃ࣮࣐ࣟ࢖
⥺ࡢඛࢆඛ㗦໬ࡋࡓࢽ࣮ࢻࣝࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢆᤄධࡋ࡚࠾
ᅗ 1 ࣮ࣞࢨ SQUID 㢧ᚤ㙾. (a)ᚑ᮶ࡢ㉮ᰝᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࢧࣥ
ࣉࣝࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻ࡜, (b)᪂つ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢫ࢟ࣕ
࣮ࣥࣔࢻࡢᴫᛕᅗ. ᐇ㝿ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻࡣ, ࣮ࣞࢨࢆගࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮࡟ᑟධࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮➃ࢆࢧࣥࣉࣝ
࡟ᅛᐃࡋࢧࣥࣉࣝࡈ࡜㉮ᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢫ
࢟ࣕࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ.

ࡾࠊࢽ࣮ࢻࣝࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡀ ࣇࣛࢵࢡࢫ࢞࢖ࢻ ࡜ࡋ࡚
SQUID ࡜ヨᩱ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳ࢆ➼౯ⓗ࡟㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[4]ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ෭༷ࡀᚲせ࡞
SQUID ⎔ቃࢆ┿✵࡟ࠊヨᩱࡣ኱Ẽୗ࡟ಖࡕࡘࡘࠊ☢

㻝㻝

2.

ᐇ㦂࣭⤖ᯝ

 ヨᩱࡣ p ᆺᇶᯈ(ཌࡉ 250 μm)ࡢ⾲㠃࡟ n ᒙࢆࢻ࣮ࣉࡋࡓከ⤖ᬗࢩࣜࢥࣥኴ㝧㟁ụ࠿ࡽ୍㒊ࢆษࡾฟࡋ
ࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ⿬㠃ࡢ඲㠃࡟ࡣ㟁ᴟࡀྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢኴ㝧㟁ụࡢホ౯౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱ࡁࡉ 25 × 36mm2ࠊ᷸ṑ≧࡟㸯ᮏࡢࣂࢫ㟁ᴟ࡟㸷ᮏࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࣥ࢞㟁ᴟࡀࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓヨᩱ㸦ᅗ 2(a)㸧ࢆᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ

࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヲ⣽࡟ぢࡿ࡜⥺≧࡟☢ሙᙉᗘࡀపୗࡍ

ᅗ 3 ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ. (a), (c)☢ሙീ, ࠾ࡼࡧ (b), (d) ྛ☢ሙീ࠿ࡽ᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㟁ὶศᕸ.
༳ࡀ࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕࢆᅛᐃࡋࡓ఩⨨. 㟁ᴟ࠾ࡼࡧヨᩱࡢእᙧࢆⓑ⥺࡛㔜ࡡ࡚♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ.

ࡿࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺኚ໬ࡀヨᩱ඲㠃࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊගᏛ෗┿ࢨ↷ᑕⅬࢆᩘ࢝ᡤኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚

ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡢෆࠊヨᩱ࡜ࡢẚ㍑࠿ࡽከࡃࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿ

ࡢ୰ኸ௜㏆࡜ୗ➃࡟ᅛᐃࡋ࡚

ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࢧࣥࣉࣝࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻ࡛

ᐃࡉࢀ

ࡍࠋᅗ 3(a),(c)࠿ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ↷ᑕ఩⨨࡟ࡼࡗ࡚☢

ࡿ☢ሙീࡣࠊ㉮ᰝ࡟క࠸ヨᩱୖࢆ࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕⅬࡀ⛣ືሙศᕸࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊྛ

ࡋࠊࡑࡢྛ఩⨨࡛ᐃࡉࢀࡓ☢ሙᙉᗘࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸☢ሙീ࠿ࡽ㟁ὶศᕸീ࡟ኚ᥮ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀᅗ 3(b),(d)࡛

ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ☢ሙᙉᗘపୗࡣⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㟁ὶ㔞ࠊࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡼࡾ᷸ṑ≧࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࣇ࢕࣮ࣥ࢞㟁ᴟࡋࡃࡣ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢⓎ⏕ຠ⋡ࡀ࿘㎶ࡼࡾࡶప࠸ࡇ࡜࡟

࠿ࡽࣂࢫ㟁ᴟࢆ⤒࡚࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕⅬࡀ㏆࠸ࣇ࢕࣮ࣥ࢞

㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᗈ࠸⠊ᅖ࡟ரࡗ࡚⫼ᬒⓗ࡟☢ሙ㟁ᴟ࡟㟁ὶࡀ㞟ࡲࡾࠊ↷ᑕⅬ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚㟁ὶࡀὶࢀ࡚

ᙉᗘࡢ໙㓄ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣูࡢせᅉ࡛⏕ࡌ࡚࠸

࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕⅬ࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊྠࡌヨᩱ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ

ࡋࡓ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢ㟁Ꮚࡢከࡃࡀ㏆ࡃࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࣥ࢞㟁ᴟࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻ࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕⅬࢆヨᩱୖࡢ୍Ⅼ࡟⮳ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽࣂࢫ㟁ᴟࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚௚ࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࣇ࢕

࡟ᅛᐃࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࿘㎶ࡢ☢ሙศᕸࢆィࡋࠊ ᐃ⤖ᯝ

࣮ࣥ࢞㟁ᴟ࡟ᣑᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ

ࡢ☢ሙศᕸ࠿ࡽ㟁ὶศᕸࡢ㏫ၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ

⤖ᯝࡣࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕⅬ㸯Ⅼࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࢧࣥࣉࣝ

࣮ࣞࢨࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ㸯Ⅼ࠿ࡽࡢ㟁ὶ⤒㊰ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋ࣮ࣞ

ࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻሙྜࡢྛⅬ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ ࡲࡎࠊࡇࡢヨᩱࢆࢧࣥࣉࣝࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻ࡛

ᐃࡋࡓ☢ሙീࡀᅗ 2(b)࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୍㒊ࢆᣑ኱ࡋࡓᅗ 2(c)ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㟁ᴟࡢᏑᅾࡀᅗ 2(b)࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ☢ሙീࡢ໙㓄ࡢཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩[1] K. Kojima, S. Suda, X. Y. Kong and H. Itozaki,“Non-destructive evaluation of semiconductor using laser SQUID
microscope”, Physica C, vol. 445-448, pp.979-981, 2006.
[2] Y. Nakatani, T. Hayashi and H. Itozaki, “Observation of
Polycrystalline Solar Cell Using a Laser-SQUID Microscope”,
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.21, no.3, pp.416-419, 2011.
[3] Y. Nakatani, T. Hayashi and H. Itozaki, “Laser-SQUID
microscope for noncontact evaluation of solar cell”, Physica C,ᅗ㸰 (a)ᐃࡋࡓኴ㝧㟁ụヨᩱࡢගᏛ෗┿, (b) ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣔࢻ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ☢ሙീ, ࠾ࡼࡧ(c) ࡑࡢᣑ኱ീ. ᣑ኱⠊ᅖࡣ(a),(b)ࡢᯟ࡛ᅖࡗࡓ⠊ᅖ. ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺
࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㒊ศ࡟ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺኚ໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ. ࡞࠾, ᆶ┤࡞☢ሙ࡟ឤᗘࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࢽ࣮ࢻࣝࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢ఩⨨ࡣ,࣮ࣞࢨ↷ᑕⅬ࠿ࡽ~2 mm Ỉᖹ࡟ࡎࡽࡋ࡚ ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ.
ࡲࡓ, (b), (c)࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿᶓ⥺ࡣ, ᐇ㝿࡟☢ሙᙉᗘࡀపୗࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ⟠ᡤ࡛ࠊ㟁ᴟ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ.

vol. 471, no.21-22, pp.1249-1252, 2011.
[4] X. Y. Kong, K. Sakuta, and H. Itozaki, “A magnetic shieldaround the flux guide in a SQUID probe microscope with finite
element simulation”, Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol. 20, no.12,
pp.1140-1143, 2007.

㻝㻞HTS-SQUID ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᑠᆺ☢໬⋡ィࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜☢Ẽ⦆࿴ᐃDevelopment of Compact Magnetometer using HTS-SQUID andMagnetic Relaxation Measurementᒸᒣ኱⮬↛㸪䕿ሜ㻌 ೺ྖ䠈䝰䝝䝬䝗㻌 䝬䝽䝹䝕䜱㻌 䝃䞊䝸䠈ℊ㷂㻌 ኱ᆅ䠈⣖࿴㻌 ฼ᙪ䠈ሯ⏣㻌 ၨ஧㻌E-mail: sakai-k@okayama-u.ac.jpࡣࡌࡵ࡟

Double-layered shielded box☢໬⋡࡞࡝ࡢ☢Ẽ≉ᛶࡣ≀㉁ࡢᇶ♏ࣃ࣓ࣛ
࣮ࢱࡢ1ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪☢Ẽ≉ᛶࡢᐃ࡟ࡼࡾ≀㉁FLL circuitࡢྠᐃ࡞࡝ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ྛ≀㉁࡟ᅛ᭷࡞☢Ẽ≉ᛶࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ྛ✀ࡢ㠀◚ቯ᳨ᰝࡸࣂ࢖࢜ィHTS SQUID and
input coil࡬ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶሗ࿌

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[1]㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪☢Ẽ≉ᛶࢆ

PC

Ultrasonic motorᐃࡍࡿ

Laser displacement
sensor☢໬⋡ィࡢᙺ๭ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪≉࡟༳ຍ☢ሙ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᛂ⟅ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ᖖ☢ᛶయࡸ཯☢ᛶయࢆ⢭ᗘⰋࡃᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ㧗ឤᗘ࡞☢໬⋡ィࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ㧗ឤᗘ࡞☢໬⋡ィ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᭱Sampleࡶ 㧗 ឤ ᗘ ࡞ ☢ Ẽ ࢭ ࣥ ࢧ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ LTS-SQUID(Low

Temperature

Superconductor

Pick-up coil

Super-

Time delay t0 Permanent magnet

ᅗ 1 㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ☢໬⋡ィࡢᵓᡂ

conducting Quantum Interference Device) ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ☢໬⋡ィࡀᐇ㝿࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ

୰ࢆ㏻㐣ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ヨᩱ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡓ஧ḟⓗ࣒ࡢ኱ᆺ໬ࡸ

ᐃヨᩱࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿ࡞☢ሙࡣ஺ὶಙྕ࡟ኚ᥮ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ஧ḟⓗ࡞࡞࡝ࡢḞⅬࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞㠀◚ቯ᳨ᰝ࡬ᛂ⏝☢Ẽಙྕࢆ᳨ฟࢥ࢖᳨࡛ࣝฟࡋ㸪᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝ࡜

ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࣛࣥ┤ิ࡟᥋⥆ࡉࢀࡓ☢Ẽࢩ࣮ࣝࢻෆࡢධຊࢥ࢖

ࢽࣥࢢࢥࢫࢺࡀపࡃ෭༷⏝ࡢ᩿⇕ᵓ㐀ࡶࢩࣥ

ࣝࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ HTS-SQUID ࡟ఏ㐩ࡍࡿ㸬᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣉࣝ࡞HTS- (High Temperature Superconductor-)ࣝࡣᖹ㠃ᆺࡢ 1 ḟᚤศᖖఏᑟ㖡ࢥ࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪

SQUIDࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪ᑠᆺ࡛ᐇ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸☢໬⋡ィධຊࢥ࢖ࣝࡣ㉸ఏᑟࢥ࢖࡛ࣝ SQUID ࡜☢Ẽⓗࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࢆ௵ពࡢ

࡟⤖ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ヨᩱࢆ☢໬ࡍࡿỌஂ☢

఩⨨࡟タ⨨࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ㸪ヨᩱࢆ☢໬ࡋࡓᚋ▼ࡢ☢ሙᙉᗘࡣ 300 mT ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡢ⦆࿴㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ☢Ẽಙྕࡢࡇࡇ࡛㸪᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࡣᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ヨᩱᐃࡶヨࡳࡓ㸬

ࢆᅛᐃࡍࡿᅇ㌿┙࡜ࡣูࡢᅇ㌿┙࡟ᅛᐃࡉࢀ㸪㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓᡂ

ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ⊂❧࡟ᅇ㌿ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᶵᵓ࡜࡞ࡗ

ᅗ 1 ࡟௒ᅇ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓヨᩱᅇ㌿ᘧ☢໬⋡ィࡢᴫ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࡣヨᩱࡀᅇ㌿ほࢆ♧ࡍ㸬୍⯡ⓗ࡞☢໬⋡ィ࡛ࡣヨᩱࢆ᣺ືࡉ

ࡍࡿ෇࿘ୖࡢ௵ពࡢ఩⨨࡟ᅛᐃྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᚑࡏㄏᑟ☢ሙࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿ᪉ᘧࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡗ࡚㸪᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࡢ఩⨨࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ヨᩱࢆ☢໬ࡋࡀ㸪௒ᅇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣ㸪S/N ẚࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪」ᩘ
ヨᩱࡢྠ᫬

ࡓ᫬Ⅼ࠿ࡽ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ᫬㛫 t0 ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ኚ

ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿヨᩱᅇ㌿᪉ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ[2]㸬㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ HTS-SQUID㸪ヨᩱࢆ☢໬ࡍࡿỌஂ☢▼㸪ヨᩱࢆᅇ㌿ࡉࡏࡿࡓ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪┤ὶ☢ሙ୰࡛☢໬ࡋࡓ᫬Ⅼࡢ☢Ẽಙྕࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪☢໬ᚋࡢ☢Ẽ⦆࿴⌧㇟ࢆࡵࡢᅇ㌿┙࡜㉸㡢Ἴ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮㸪FLL ᅇ㊰㸪ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬

SQUID ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿ☢Ẽࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ

ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹࡿ㸬ᅇ㌿┙࡟タ⨨ࡋࡓヨᩱࢆᅇ㌿ࡉࡏ┤ὶ☢ሙ

ᅗ 2 ࡟☢ᛶయ࡜ᶞ⬡ࢆΰྜࡋࡓヨᩱࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㻝㻟ᅗ 2 㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ☢໬⋡ィ࡟ࡼࡾ ᐃࡋࡓ☢ᛶయ࡜ᶞ⬡ࡢ」ྜయࡢ☢Ẽಙྕࡓ☢໬⋡ィ࡛

ᅗ 3 ⣧Ỉࡢ☢Ẽಙྕᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࣜࣇࢺ࢜ࣇ

ࡣ 6 mm㸪ᅇ㌿┙ࡢᅇ㌿ᩘࡣ 70 rpm ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ᅗ
2 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟

ᐃ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ SQUID ࡢฟຊ㟁ᅽࡀኚ໬ࡋ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓἼᙧࡣᚤศࢥ࢖ࣝ࡟
㉳ᅉࡍࡿἼᙧ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ
⏝࠸࡚☢ᛶయ࠿ࡽⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ஧ḟⓗ࡞☢ሙࡢ᳨ฟࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ḟ࡟㸪እ㒊☢ሙ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ஧ḟⓗ࡞☢Ẽಙྕࡀ

ᅗ 4 ⦆࿴㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⣧Ỉࡢ☢Ẽಙྕᑠࡉ࠸≀㉁ࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ㸪⣧Ỉࢆヨᩱࢣ࣮ࢫ࡟ᑒධࡋᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ 3 ࡟ࣜࣇࢺ࢜ࣇ 1᫬㛫㐜ࢀࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿⅬ࡛ᚤᙅ࡞ฟຊಙྕࡢኚ

mm㸪ᅇ㌿ᩘ 160 rpm㸪ຍ⟬ᖹᆒࢆ 160 ᅇ⾜ࡗ
ࡓ⣧Ỉࡢ

໬ࡀほ

ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ 3 ࡼࡾ☢ᛶయࡢಙ㌿ᩘ࡜᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࡢᅇ㌿ゅࡼࡾ⟬ฟࡋࡓ᫬㛫ྕ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ SQUID ࡢฟຊ㟁ᅽࡣ࠿࡞ࡾᑠࡉ

࡜࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡋ㸪ヨᩱࡀࢥ࢖ࣝୖࢆ㏻㐣ࡋࡓ᫬Ⅼ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᚤศࢥ࢖ࣝ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿฟຊ㟁ᅽࡢኚ໬ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓᅗ 2 ࡜ᅗ 3 ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓಙྕࡀ཯㌿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡇ

ᅗ 3 ࡜ྠ఩┦࡛࠶ࡾ⦆࿴㐣⛬ࡢಙྕࡶ཯☢ᛶ
ᅗ 4 ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓಙྕࡣ⣧Ỉࢆ☢໬ࡋࡓᚋࡢ⦆

ࡋ㸪Ỉࡣ཯☢ᛶయ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪༳ຍ☢ሙ࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌ࿴㐣⛬ࡢಙྕࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪㛤Ⓨࡋࡿ஧ḟⓗ࡞☢ሙࡢ᪉ྥࡀ㏫࡟࡞ࡿ⌧㇟ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡾ☢໬┤ᚋࡢ☢Ẽಙྕࡔࡅ࡛

࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣ༳ຍ☢ሙ࡟ᑐ࡞ࡃ㸪☢Ẽ⦆࿴㐣⛬ࢆィࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ☢ሙࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ᙉ☢ᛶࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪☢Ẽಙྕࡢࡳࡢ᝟ሗ࡛ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞

య࣭ᖖ☢ᛶయ࡜཯☢ᛶయࡢุูࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࠸㸪≀㉁ࡢ≉ᐃࡸ㠀◚ቯ᳨ᰝ࡞࡝࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡶᮇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬᭱ᚋ࡟㸪☢໬ᚋ࡟⏕ࡌࡿ⦆࿴㐣⛬ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࡢ఩⨨ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚ྠᵝ࡟⣧Ỉ࠿ࡽࡢ☢Ẽಙྕࢆ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓಙྕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᅗ 4 ࡢἼᙧࡣయ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪

ࢀࡣᅗ 2 ࡛⏝࠸ࡓヨᩱࡀ☢ᛶయ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐ☢໬⋡ィ࡛ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ᫬㛫ࡢ㐜ࢀࡣᅇ㌿┙ࡢᅇㅰ㎡

ᐃᮏ◊✲ࡣ⏘Ꮫ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥຍ㏿஦ᴗ࡟ࡼࡋࡓ㸬ᅗ 4 ࡟⦆࿴㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ☢Ẽಙྕࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࢢࣛࣇ୰ࡢゅᗘࡣ᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࡢ఩⨨ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪0°ࡾᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩[1] K. Enpuku, et al., J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 108, No.
3, 034701 (2010)[2] A. Tsukamoto, et al., IEEE Trans. Appl.
Supercond., Vol.15, Iss. 2-3, pp. 656-659 (2005)

ࡣ᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࡀ☢▼ࡢ୰ᚰ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿሙྜࢆ
⾲ࡍ㸬ࡑࡢ௚ࡢゅᗘࡣ㸪᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࢆ☢▼ࡢ୰ᚰ࠿ࡽᅇ㌿ࡉࡏࡓゅᗘࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ヨᩱࡀ☢▼ࡢ୰ᚰࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࢆ 0 ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࡋࡓ㸬ᅗ 4 ࡼࡾ㸪᳨ฟࢥ࢖ࣝࢆ⛣ືࡋ☢໬ᚋࡢ㻝㻠Nonlinear terahertz metamaterial using superconducting NbN film
Caihong Zhang,1 Biaobing Jin,2 Iwao Kawayama,1 Hiro Murakami,1 Jingbo Wu,2 LinKang,2 Jian Chen,2 Peiheng Wu,2 Jiaguang Han,1,3 and Masayoshi Tonouchi1
1

Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
2
Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing
210093, China
3
Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,
Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Metamaterials (MMs) made from elements of artificial metallic structures have demonstrated
exotic electromagnetic phenomena, such as artificial magnetism, negative refractive index, superfocusing and extraordinary transmission, etc. Such phenomena can be obtained with simple
linear metamaterials, where it has been implicitly assumed that the metamaterials interact withelectromagnetic waves only through linear processes. However, the notation of metamaterials
can actually be extended to the nonlinear regime if the element is formed from or contains
nonlinear components whose permittivity and susceptibility are dependent on the intensity oflight. A nonlinear metamaterial is no doubt to open the way to the possibility of exploiting
nonlinear optical phenomena and further developing new applications. The recent developmentof high-field terahertz sources makes it possible for one to exploit nonlinear effects inconventional matter, such as semiconductors, quantum wells, ferroelectrics, metal oxides, etc,
have been observed. In this letter, we explore the nonlinear response of a superconducting
metamaterial in the terahertz regime, which is comprised of an array of subwavelength split-ringresonators (SRRs) made from superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) film on MgO substrate
and the nonlinear response lies in the suppression of the superconductivity of NbN by the intense
terahertz wave. As the variation of the incident intense terahertz field alters the intrinsic
conductivity in the NbN, a consequent giant amplitude modulation is observed due to the strong
nonlinearities. Increasing or decreasing the incident terahertz field strength, one can creates a
sharper “off” or “on” transmission of the chosen SC metamaterial at the resonance frequency.
The metamaterial is a planar array of superconducting NbN SRRs periodically printed on a 1
mm-thick MgO substrate. The geometry and the notations of the dimensions of the ELC
structure are shown in Fig. 1(b). Here, g = t = 5 µm, w = 10 µm, and a = 50 µm. As shown in Fig.
1 (a), each piece of the metamaterial is a square array of SRR resonators with a square lattice of
period p = 60 µm. The metamaterial was prepared following two steps. First, a 50 nm-thick NbN
film was deposited on 1mm-thick MgO substrate using RF magnetron sputtering. The
superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of the NbN film is about 15.4 K. Second, it was thenpatterned with standard photolithograph and reactive ion etching (RIE) method to make the ELC
structure.
For the nonlinear transmission measurements, high-field terahertz experiments were
performed. The intense single-cycle terahertz radiation was generated by optical rectification in a
LiNbO3 crystal using tilted pulse-front excitation. The experimental setup consists of a 100-fs Ti:
Sapphire regenerative amplifier (Spitfire, Spectra-Physics) operating at 800 nm with a repetitionof 1 kHz, and a conventional terahertz detection system based on the electro-optical sampling㻝㻡technique. The terahertz beam was tightly focused onto the cryogenically cooled samples over atemperature range from 4.2 to 300 K. Using a pyroelectric detector (SPI-A-62, Spectrum
Detector Inc.), we estimated the peak terahertz field strength of approximately E0=30 kV/cm on
the sample. The incident terahertz field strength Ein could be varied fast from about 1 to 30
kV/cm by using a pair of terahertz wire grid polarizers driven by an electric motor.
The proposed superconducting NbN metamaterial offers a highly efficient playground for astrongly enhanced nonlinearity and also provides a new and straightforward way for switchinglight in the terahertz regime. The switchable functionality is achieved due to the nonlinear
response of the lumped superconducting NbN elements in the metamaterial structure, where as
the incident terahertz field strength is varied, the conductivity of NbN will be changed and thus arise or fall in transmission of the metamaterial would be obtained. The presented nonlinear SC
metamaterial exemplifies a highly functional approach with extreme sensitivity to the external
stimuli to observe and exploit nonlinear phenomena in the terahertz regime, and strong and fast
nonlinearities with far low losses are unique and useful to realize novel devices with integrated
lumped nonlinear superconducting components.

Fig. 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the superconducting metamaterial structure withgeometrical parameters: g = t = 5 µm, w = 10 µm, a = 50 µm, and p = 60 µm. (b)Microscopy image of the superconducting terahertz metamaterial sample, where E andH represent the electric field and magnetic field.

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Development of 3T MRI magnet with Bi-2223 tape conductorᎹ᎑ᘕ਽‫ޔ‬ኹየᵏᤘ‫ޔ‬የፒୃ‫৻ޔ‬ේ ਥ⒢‫ޔ‬㐳⼱㓉ม‫ޔ‬㧔␹ᚭ⵾㍑㧕ർญ ੳ㧔0+/5㧕૒⮮⻞৻‫ޔ‬ዊᨋ ᘕ৻㧔૑෹㔚Ꮏ㧕ਛ᎑ Ꭿ㧔㜞ፉ⵾૞ᚲ㧕ᄢ⷏ ⋥᮸㧔ࠕࠬ࠻ࡠࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ㧕ࡑࠗࠤ࡞ ࡊ࡯࡞㧔ࠢࠗ࡯ࡦ࠭࡜ࡦ࠼ᄢ㧕ᱞ↰ ๺ⴕ‫ޔ‬ᶆጊᘕ৻‫⑔ޔ‬ጊ⑲⋥㧔੩ᄢ㧕㪢㪘㪮㪘㪪㪟㪠㪤㪘㩷㪪㪿㫀㫅㫐㪸㪃㩷㪫㪜㪩㪘㪦㩷㪰㪸㫊㫌㪸㫂㫀㪃㩷㪦㪱㪘㪢㪠㩷㪦㫊㪸㫄㫌㪃㩷㪠㪚㪟㪠㪩㪘㪩㪘㩷㪚㪿㫀㫂㪸㫉㪸㪃㩷㪟㪘㪪㪜㩷㪫㪸㫂㪸㫊㪿㫀㪃㩿㪢㫆㪹㪼㩷㪪㫋㪼㪼㫃㪃㪣㫋㪻㪅㪀㪒㩷㪢㪠㪫㪘㪞㪬㪚㪟㪠㩷㪟㫀㫋㫆㫊㪿㫀㩷㩿㪥㪠㪤㪪㪀㪒㪪㪘㪫㪦㩷㪢㪼㫅㪄㫀㪺㪿㫀㪃㪢㪦㪙㪘㪰㪘㪪㪟㪠㩷㪪㪿㫀㫅㪄㫀㪺㪿㫀㩿㪪㫌㫄㫀㫋㫆㫄㫆㪀㪒㪥㪘㪢㪘㪡㪠㪤㪘㩷㪠㫎㪸㫆㩿㪫㪸㫂㪸㫊㪿㫀㫄㪸㩷㪪㪼㫀㫊㪸㫂㫌㫊㪿㫆㪀㪒㩷㪦㪦㪥㪠㪪㪟㪠㩷㪥㪸㫆㫂㫀㩿㪘㪪㪫㪩㪦㩷㪪㪫㪘㪞㪜㪀㪒㩷㪧㪦㪦㪣㪜㩷㪤㫀㪺㪿㪸㪼㫃㩷㩿㪬㫅㫀㫍㪅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪨㫌㪼㪼㫅㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻㪀㪒㩷㪫㪘㪢㪜㪛㪘㩷㪢㪸㫑㫌㫐㫌㫂㫀㪃㩷㪬㪩㪘㪰㪘㪤㪘㩷㪪㪿㫀㫅㪄㫀㪺㪿㫀㩷㪃㪝㪬㪢㪬㪰㪘㪤㪘㩷㪟㫀㪻㪼㫅㪸㫆㪃㩿㪢㫐㫆㫋㫆㩷㪬㫅㫀㫍㪅㪀㩷㪜㪄㫄㪸㫀㫃㪑㩷㫂㪸㫎㪸㫊㪿㫀㫄㪸㪅㫊㪿㫀㫅㫐㪸㪗㫂㫆㪹㪼㫃㪺㫆㪅㪺㫆㫄㩷㪈䋮䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷

䈱䉋䈉䈮㪤㪩㪠䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃䈲㜞䈇⏛႐቟ቯᕈ䈏᳞䉄䉌䉏䉎䈏䇮    㜞᷷⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈪䈲᳗ਭ㔚ᵹ䊝䊷䊄䈪䈱ㆇォ䈏ታ⃻䈘䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䈢䉄䇮ᧄ㐿⊒䈪䈲䇮㪛㪸㫅㪽㫀㫊㫀㫂␠⵾䈱⿥቟ቯൻ㔚Ḯ䋨㪉㪅㪇㫇㫇㫄㪆㪏㪿㫆㫌㫉䋩䉕↪䈇䈢䇯䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃䈱઀᭽䉕㪫㪘㪙㪣㪜㪈䈮␜䈜䇯䉮䉟䊦䈱Ꮞ✢䈲䇮䉴䉺䉟䉨䊞䉴䊃䉕Ⴃ䉍ㄟ䉂䈭䈏䉌ⴕ䈦䈢䇯૞⵾䈚䈢䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃䈱ᄖⷰ䉕㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪈䈮␜䈜䇯㩷㩷 ක≮䈱లታ䈮઻䈇䇮㪤㪩㪠ⵝ⟎䈱᥉෸₸䈏Ⴧട䈚䈩䈇䉎䈏䇮ᶧ૕䊓䊥䉡䊛䈱ᨗᷢ䉇㜞㛛䈱໧㗴䈎䉌䇮ᶧ૕䊓䊥䉡䊛䉕↪䈇䈭䈇䇮಄ಓᯏ಄ළဳ䈱㪤㪩㪠ⵝ⟎䈱㐿⊒䈏㊀ⷐ䈮䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷ᚒ䇱䈲䇮㪙㫀㪄㪉㪉㪉㪊䊁䊷䊒✢᧚䈫㪞㪤಄ಓᯏ䉕↪䈇䈢䇮㪉㪇㪢䈪ㆇォ䈏น⢻䈭⣖↪㪊㪫㪄㪤㪩㪠䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃䈱㐿⊒䉕ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㪲㪈㪴䈖䉏䉁䈪䈮䇮ਛᔃ⏛႐㪈㪅㪌㪫ਅ䈪㪌㫇㫇㫄䈱⏛႐ဋ৻ᐲ䉕㆐ᚑ䈚䇮㪤㪩↹௝䈱ขᓧ䈮ᚑഞ䈚䈢䇯䉁䈢䇮㪊㪅㪇㪫䈻䈱ബ⏛⹜㛎䉕ታᣉ䈚䈢䇯੹࿁䈲䈖䉏䉌䈱⚿ᨐ䈮䈧䈇䈩ႎ๔䈜䉎䇯㩷㩷㪉䋮䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃⸳⸘䈫઀᭽㩷㩷㩷䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃䈲䇮ో㐳㪋㪋㪅㪍㫂㫄䈱૑෹㔚Ꮏ⵾㪙㫀䊁䊷䊒✢᧚䉕↪
䈇䈢㪌䈧䈱䉮䉟䊦䈎䉌᭴ᚑ䈘䉏䇮䉪䊤䉟䉥㜞䈘㪈㪊㪈㪇㫄㫄䇮䉪䊤䉟䉥ᄖᓘ㪈㪉㪐㪇㫄㫄䇮ቶ᷷䊗䉝ᓘ㪌㪇㪇㫄㫄䈪䈅䉍䇮㪞㪤಄ಓᯏ䈮䉋䉍㪉㪇㪢એਅ䈮಄ළ䈚䈩ㆇォ䉕ⴕ䈉䇯ਛᔃ⏛႐䈲㪊㪫䈪⏛႐ဋ৻ᐲ䈫䈚䈩䈲㫉㪉㪌㪇㫄㫄㬍㫑㪉㪇㪇㫄㫄䈱ⓨ㑆ౝ䈪㪌㫇㫇㫄䉕⋡ᜰ䈜䇯䈖㩷㩷
TABLE I Specifications of the magnet system㩷
Diameter of the RT bore㩷 Ǿ514 mm with iron shims
Field strength㩷㪊㩷㪫㩷Maximum Field strength㩷㪙㪸㫏㫀㪸㫃㪑㪌㪅㪇㩷㪫㩷㩷㪙㫉㪸㪻㫀㪸㫃㪑㪊㪅㪍㩷㪫㪸㫋㩷㩺㪈㪃㪌㪺㫆㫀㫃㩷

Field homogeneity㩷㪌㩷㫇㫇㫄㩷
㫀㫅㩷㫉㪉㪌㪇㩷㫄㫄㬍㫑㪉㪇㪇㩷㫄㫄㩷㪤㪸㫏㫀㫄㫌㫄㩷㫆㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫋㪼㫄㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪉㪇㩷㪢㩷㪠㫆㫇㪆㪠㪺㩷㪗㩷㪉㪇㩷㪢㩷㪇㪅㪎㪎㩷Total tape length㩷㪋㪋㪅㪍㫂㫄㩷

Stored energy㩷㪉㪅㪊㩷㪤㪡㩷

Operation system㪛㫉㫀㫍㪼㫅㩷㫄㫆㪻㪼㩷

Cooling system㩷㪚㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪺㫆㫆㫃㪼㪻㩷㪹㫐㩷㪸㩷㪈㪇㩷㪢㩷㪞㪄㪤 cryocooler㩷Fig.1. The upper photograph is of the coil after winding
and the lower photograph is of the finished 3T MRI
magnet.㩷

㻝㻣

㩷

㩷

㩷
㪊㪅㩷㪈㪅㪌㪫 䈪䈱⏛႐ဋ৻ᐲ⵬ᱜ䈫᠟௝⚿ᨐ㩷㩷 䉮䉟䊦⴫㕙䈮㪚㪼㫉㫅㫆㫏᷷ᐲ䉶䊮䉰䊷䉕⾍䉍ઃ䈔䇮ฦ䉮䉟䊦䈱᷷ᐲ䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯ೋᦼ಄ළ䈮䈲⚂㪌㪎㪇ᤨ㑆䉕ⷐ䈚䇮⚂㪎㪢䈮೔㆐䈚䈢䇯಄ළቢੌᓟ䇮⚂㪐㪉㪘䉁䈪ㅢ㔚䈚䇮㪈㪅㪌㪫䈱ਛᔃ⏛႐䉕⊒↢䈘䈞䈢䇯㪥㪤㪩䊒䊨䊷䊑䈮䈩⏛႐ಽᏓ䈱ဋ৻ᐲ䈱⸘᷹䉕ⴕ䈦䈢⚿ᨐ䇮㪧㪼㪸㫂㪄㫋㫆㪄㪧㪼㪸㫂䈪䈍䉋䈠㪏㪐㪋㫇㫇㫄䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䈏ಽ䈎䈦䈢䇯䈖䈖䈎䉌䇮㕒⏛႐䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃஥䈮⸳䈔䈢⨹⺞ᢛ↪䈫䇮䉫䊤䉳䉣䊮䊃䉮䉟䊦஥䈮⸳䈔䈢ᦨ⚳⺞ᢛ↪䈱㪉Ბ㓏䈱㋕᧼䉲䊛䉕↪䈇⏛႐ಽᏓဋ৻ᐲ䈱⵬ᱜ૞ᬺ䉕ታᣉ䈚䈢䇯䉁䈝䇮⨹⺞ᢛ䈱䉲䊛䈪㪌࿁䈱⏛႐ဋ৻ᐲ⵬ᱜ䉕ታᣉ䈚䇮⏛႐ဋ৻ᐲ䉕㪏㫇㫇㫄䉁䈪ᡷༀ䈚䈢䇯䈠䈱ᓟ䇮䉫䊤䉳䉣䊮䊃䉮䉟䊦䉕ᝌ౉䈚䈢䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䇮ဋ৻ᐲ䈲㪐㫇㫇㫄䈫ᄌൻ䈚䈢䈏䇮ᦨ⚳⺞ᢛ↪䈱䉲䊛䉕↪䈇䇮⸘㪎࿁䈱䉲䊛⺞ᢛ䈪㪌㫇㫇㫄䈱ဋ৻ᐲ䉕㆐ᚑ䈚䈢䇯䈠䈱ᓟ䇮ᧄ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈪㐿⊒䈚䈢㪩㪝䉮䉟䊦䉇䉴䊕䉪䊨䊃䊜䊷䉺䈭䈬䈫⚵䉂ว䉒䈞䇮᠟௝⹜㛎䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯䊙䉦䉦䉰䊦䈫䈇䈉ዊဳ䈱䉰䊦䈱⣖䉕䉴䊏䊮䉣䉮䊷ᴺ䈮䈩ᧄ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱㪤㪩㪠䉲䉴䊁䊛䈪᠟ᓇ䈚䈢䉅䈱䈫䇮㪪㫀㪼㫄㪼㫅㫊␠⵾䈱Ꮢ⽼䈱㪈㪅㪌㪫ᯏ⒳䈮䈩
᠟ᓇ䈚䈢䉟䊜䊷䉳䉕㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪉䈮␜䈜䇯䈖䈱⚿ᨐ䈎䉌䉅㜞᷷⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䉕↪䈇䈢㪤㪩㪠ⵝ⟎䈪䉅ᓥ᧪䈱㊄ዻ♽✢᧚䉕૶↪䈚䈢ᓥ᧪䈱㪤㪩㪠ⵝ⟎䈫ห╬䈱ᕈ⢻䉕⊒ើ䈪䈐䉎น⢻ᕈ䉕⏕⹺䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷

Fig. 3. The profile of magnetic field at (upper) 1.5T and(lower) 3.0T.
㩷䈠䈱ᓟ䇮㪊 ᤨ㑆એ਄ 㪊㪅㪇㪫 䈱⏛႐ᒝᐲ䉕⛽ᜬ䈚䇮䈖䈱ᤨὐ䈪䈱⏛႐ဋ৻ᐲ䈲䇮㪏㪋㪌㫇㫇㫄 䈫䈭䉍䇮㪈㪅㪌䌔䈪䈱䉲䊛⺞ᢛ೨䈫ห╬䈱୯㪆ಽᏓ䈪䈅䈦䈢䋨㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷 㪊䋩䇯㪊㪅㪇㪫 䈮䈩⏛႐ဋ৻ᐲ⵬ᱜ䉕ታᣉ䈚䇮㪈 ࿁䈱⏛႐⵬ᱜ䈪 㪍㪊㫇㫇㫄 䉁䈪ᡷༀ䈚䈢䈏䇮䈠䈱ᓟ䋨㩷㪊 ࿁⋡䈱 㪊㪅㪇㪫 ബ⏛䋩䈱ᶖ⏛ㅜਛ䇮㩷㪉㪅㪌㪫ઃㄭ䈪⇣Ᏹ䈏⊒↢䈚䉮䉟䊦䈮⇣Ᏹ㔚࿶䈏⊒↢䈚䉮䉟䊦᷷ᐲ䉅ᕆỗ䈮਄᣹䈜䉎䊃䊤䊑䊦䈏⿠䈖䉍⚂ 㪈㪇 ಽᓟ䇮ബ⏛㔚Ḯ䈏ㆤᢿ䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷㪌㪅㩷䉁䈫䉄㩷
䉮䉟䊦䈜䈼䈩䈮㉄ൻ‛⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䉕૶↪䈚䈢 㪤㪩㪠 䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃䈮䈩ਛ㑆⋡ᮡ䈱 㪈㪅㪌㪫 䉁䈪೔㆐䈚䇮⏛႐ဋ৻ᐲ 㪌㫇㫇㫄 䉕㆐ᚑ䈚䇮ᣢሽ⵾ຠ䈫ห╬䈱 㪤㪩 ↹௝䉕ขᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈢䇯㩷䈠䈱ᓟ䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᦨ⚳⋡ᮡ䈱 㪊㪅㪇㪫 䉁䈪ബ⏛䈮ᚑഞ䈚䈢䈏䇮ᶖ⏛ㅜਛ䈮䊃䊤䊑䊦䈏⊒↢䈚䇮䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃䈏៊்䈚䈢䇯⃻࿷䇮ේ࿃䉕⺞ᩏ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷㩷

Fig. 2. Spin echo images of a Macaca brain (a), scannedwith (b) ourHTS-MRI and (c) Siemens 1.5T Sonata.㩷
㩷㪋䋮㪊㪅㪇㪫 䈻䈱ബ⏛⚿ᨐ㩷㩷 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ᦨ⚳⋡ᮡ䈱 㪊㪅㪇㪫 䈻䈱ബ⏛䈮ኻ䈚䈩䇮㪈㪅㪌㪫 એ਄䈱ᧂ⚻㛎㗔ၞ䈪䈲䇮䈖䉏䉁䈪䉋䉍ബ⏛ㅦᐲ䉕ਅ䈕䇮ബ⏛䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯ബ⏛ਛ䇮ᢙ 㫄㪭䌾㪊㪇㪇㫄㪭 䈱㔚࿶䉴䊌䉟䉪䈏ᢙච࿁⊒↢䈚䈢䈏䇮䈠䈱ᓟ䈱䉮䉟䊦㔚࿶䉇᷷ᐲ䈮ᄢ䈐䈭ᄌൻ䈲⷗䉌䉏䈝ㅢ㔚㔚ᵹ⚂ 㪈㪏㪋㪘 䈪 㪊㪅㪇㪫 䈮೔㆐䈚䈢䇯䉮䉟䊦᷷ᐲ䉅⚂㪈㪋㪢 䉁䈪䈱਄᣹䈪䈅䉍䇮㪊㪅㪇㪫 䈪䈱⥃⇇᷷ᐲ⚂㪊㪇㪢 એਅ䈫䈭䉍䇮ᒰೋ䈱⸳⸘ㅢ䉍䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䉕⏕⹺䈚䈢䇯㩷

㻝㻤

㩷
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㩷
㪲㪈㪴ኹየ䉌䋺㪉㪇㪈㪈 ᐕᐲ⑺ቄૐ᷷Ꮏቇ⿥㔚ዉቇળ੍Ⓜ㓸㩷 㪉㪘㪄㪸㪇㪊㩷⻢ㄉ㩷䈖䈱㐿⊒䈲䇮⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴䈱↥ቇ䉟䊉䊔䊷䉲䊢䊮ടㅦ੐ᬺ䋨వ┵⸘᷹ಽᨆᛛⴚ䊶ᯏེ㐿⊒䋩䈮䉋䉎ᚑᨐ䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷䋱䋵䌭䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦↪ 㪞㪻㪙㪚㪦 ✢᧚䈱⵾ㅧ㩷㩷ጊญ㩷 㜞ผ㪃㩷 ᣂᶏ㩷 ఝ᮸㪃㩷 ዊ⷏㩷 ᣽਽㪃㩷 ᄢ᧻㩷 ৻਽䋨૑෹㔚Ꮏ䋩㩷㪰㪘㪤㪘㪞㪬㪚㪟㪠㩷㪫㪸㫂㪸㫊㪿㫀䋬㩷 㪪㪟㪠㪥㪞㪘㪠㩷㪰㫌㫂㫀䋬㩷 㪢㪦㪥㪠㪪㪟㪠㩷㪤㪸㫊㪸㫐㪸䋬㩷 㪦㪟㪤㪘㪫㪪㪬㩷㪢㪸㫑㫌㫐㪸㩿㪪㪜㪠㪀㩷㪜㪄㫄㪸㫀㫃㪑㩷㫐㪸㫄㪸㪾㫌㪺㪿㫀㪄㫋㪸㫂㪸㫊㪿㫀㪗㫊㪼㫀㪅㪺㫆㪅㫁㫇㩷㩷㩷㪈䋮䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷

㪉䋮⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚૞⵾Ꮏ⒟㩷

Ꮧ࿯㘃♽㜞᷷⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈲䇮⏛႐ਛ䈪䈱⥃⇇㔚ᵹᚒ䇱䈲 㪊㪇㩷 㫄㫄 ᏷䈱䉪䊤䉾䊄㈩ะ㊄ዻၮ᧼਄䈮 㪩㪝 䉴㩿㪠㪺㪀․ᕈ䈮ఝ䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮㔚ജ䉬䊷䊑䊦䉕ᆎ䉄䇮ᄌ࿶ེ䇮

䊌䉾䉺ᴺ䉕↪䈇䈩ਛ㑆ጀ䈱ᚑ⤑䉕ⴕ䈦䈢㪲㪉㪴䇯䈠䈱ᓟ䇮㪪㪤㪜㪪䇮⿥㔚ዉ䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃╬䇮᭽䇱䈭ᔕ↪ᯏེ䈻䈱ㆡ↪

㪧㪣㪛 ᴺ䈮䉋䉍⿥㔚ዉጀ䈱ᚑ⤑䉕ⴕ䈇䇮㪛㪚 䉴䊌䉾䉺ᴺ䈮䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯૑෹㔚Ꮏ䈪䈲䇮䉟䉾䊃䊥䉋䉍䇮㪘㪾 䈱቟ቯൻጀ䉕ᚑ⤑䈚䈢䇯⛯䈇䈩䇮㉄⚛ᾲಣℂ䉕䉡 䊛 ♽ ⿥ 㔚 ዉ 㔚 ജ ᯏ ེ ᛛ ⴚ 㐿 ⊒ 䈱 ৻ Ⅳ 䈫 䈚 䈩 䇮 㪍㪍㩷ⴕ䈇䇮㪊㪇㩷㫄㫄 ᏷䈱⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䉕 㪋㩷㫄㫄 ᏷䈮ᯏ᪾⊛䈮䉴㫂㪭㪆㪌㩷 㫂㪘䇮㪈㪌㩷 㫄 㐳䈱ਃ⧌৻᜝᭴ㅧ䉕᦭䈜䉎⿥㔚ዉ㔚䊥䉾䊃䈚䈢䇯㐳ዤ⺃ዉ 㪠㪺 ᷹ቯ䉕ⴕ䈇䇮✢᧚䉕ㆬ೎ᓟ䇮ᦨജ䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䈱㐿⊒䈫䇮䈠䈱䈢䉄䈱⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱ᓟ䈮⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚⴫㕙䈮㌃䉄䈦䈐ಣℂ䉕ᣉ䈚䈩䇮૞⵾䈲૞⵾䉕ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎㪲㪈㪴䇯㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷 㪈 䈮䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䈱᭴ㅧ⚳ੌ䈫䈭䉎䇯૞⵾䈚䈢⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱᭴ㅧᮨᑼ࿑䉕 㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷䉕䇮㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㪅㩷 㪈 䈮䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦↪✢᧚䈱ⷐ᳞઀᭽䉕␜㪉 䈮␜䈜䇯㩷

䈜䇯ᧄႎ๔䈪䈲䇮䌇䌤䌂䌃䌏⭯⤑⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱 㪉㪇㪇㩷㫄 ⚖⛯䈇䈩䇮૞⵾䈚䈢⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱ᬌᩏ䉕ⴕ䈉䇯䉁䈝䇮㐳ዤ⵾ㅧ䊒䊨䉶䉴䉕⏕┙䈚䇮਄⸥䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䈮૶૞⵾䈚䈢⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱 㪠㪺 䉕䇮ㅪ⛯ 㪠㪺 ᷹ቯⵝ⟎䈪᷹ቯ䈜↪䈜䉎 㪰 ♽⭯⤑⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱૞⵾䋨಴⩄✚㐳 㪍㪅㪌㩷㫂㫄䋩䉎䇯ᦨᓟ䈮ᄖⷰᬌᩏ䉕ⴕ䈇䇮ᬌᩏ䈮วᩰ䈚䈢䉅䈱䉕䇮䊝䉕ታᣉ䈚䈢ᚑᨐ䈮䈧䈇䈩ႎ๔䈜䉎䇯㩷䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䉕૞⵾䈜䉎䉫䊦䊷䊒䈮ଏ⛎䈚䈢䇯㩷HTS Shield

HTS Conductor

Former
Cu Shield㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪈㩷㪪㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪍㪍㩷㫂㪭㩷㪆㩷㪌㩷㫂㪘㪃㩷㪊㪄㫀㫅㪄㪦㫅㪼㩷㪟㪫㪪㩷㪺㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷 㩷㩷㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㪅㪈㩷㪩㪼㫈㫌㫀㫉㪼㪻㩷㫊㫇㪼㪺㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪞㪻㪙㪚㪦㩷㫋㪸㫇㪼㪅㩷㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪉㩷㪪㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫇㫉㫆㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫇㫉㫆㪺㪼㫊㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪺㫆㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫆㫉㫊㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫊㫌㫇㪼㫉㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㪺㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㩷㩷㪊㪅㩷 ✢᧚䈱 㪠㪺 ․ᕈ䈫ᱠ⇐䉁䉍㩷✢᧚䈱㐳ᚻᣇะ䈱ಽᏓ䉕 㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪊㩷 䈮␜䈜䇯㪈㪋㪇䌭䈮䉒䈢䉍 㪠㪺㩷 㪔㩷 㪊㪎㪇㩷 㪘㪆㪺㫄 એ਄䈱․ᕈ䉕␜䈚䈩䈍䉍䇮䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䈮૶↪䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱ⷐ᳞․ᕈ䉕ḩ⿷䈜䉎䉅䈱䈪䈅

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䉎䇯㩷
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㻝㻥

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㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷 㪋 䈮䇮㐿⊒䉕㐿ᆎ䈚䈢 㪉㪇㪇㪐 ᐕᐲ䈎䉌 㪉㪇㪈㪉 ᐕᐲ䉁䈪䈱䇮ฦᐕᐲ䈗䈫䈮૞⵾䈚䈢⿥㔚ዉ✢䈱䇮㪠㪺 ಽᏓ䉕␜䈜䇯㪉㪇㪇㪐 ᐕᐲ䈎䉌 㪉㪇㪈㪇 ᐕᐲ䈮䈎䈔䇮㪠㪺 ะ਄䉕ⴕ䈇䇮㪉㪇㪈㪈 ᐕᐲ䈎䉌䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦↪✢᧚䈱⵾ㅧ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯㐳ዤ䊒䊨䉶䉴䈱቟ቯൻ䉕࿑䉍䈭䈏䉌⵾ㅧ䈻䊐䉞䊷䊄䊋䉾䉪䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䇮䈱 㪠㪺 ಽᏓ䈏㜞 㪠㪺 ஥䈻⒖േ䈚䈢䇯㩷㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷 㪌㩷 䈮䇮ฦ⵾ㅧ䊒䊨䉶䉴䈮䈍䈔䉎䇮ၮ᧼ᛩ౉㊂䈮㩷ኻ䈜䉎ᱠ⇐䉁䉍䉕ᐕᐲ䈗䈫䈮␜䈜䇯㪉㪇㪇㪐 ᐕ䈎䉌 㪉㪇㪈㪉 ᐕ(KI;KGNFQHGCEJRTQEGUUᐲ䈮䈎䈔䇮㪠㪺 ․ᕈ෸䈶ᱠ⇐䉁䉍䈏ᄢ䈐䈒ะ਄䈚䈢䇯․䈮䇮

㩷㩷ਛ㑆ጀ૞⵾Ꮏ⒟䈱቟ቯൻ䈫⿥㔚ዉጀ䈱㜞 㪠㪺 ൻ䈏ᱠ⇐㪋䋮䉁䈫䉄㩷

䉁䉍䈮ᄢ䈐䈒ᓇ㗀䈚䇮ਛ㑆ጀ૞⵾Ꮏ⒟䈱ᱠ⇐䉁䉍䈏 㪋㪎㩷 㩼㩷㪥㪜㪛㪦 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮ෳ↹䈚䇮㪍㪍㫂㪭㪄㪌㫂㪘 ⚖䊝䊂䊦䉬䈎䉌 㪐㪐㩷㩼㩷 䈮ะ਄䈚䈢䇯䉁䈢䇮ᦨ⚳⊛䈭 㪠㪺㩷 㻢㪊㪇㪇㩷㪘㪆㪺㫄 䈱䊷䊑 䊦↪ ⿥㔚 ዉ✢ ᧚䈱㐿 ⊒䈫 ⵾ㅧ䉕 ⴕ䈦 䈢䇯 ✚㐳ᱠ⇐䉁䉍䈲 㪉㪇㪈㪉 ᐕ䈪 㪋㪌㩼䈮ะ਄䈚䇮ో૕䈪 㪉㪌㩷㩼㩷 䈫䈭䈦㪍㪅㪈㫂㫄㩷 㩿㪋㫄㫄 ᏷឵▚㪀㩷 䉕䉬䊷䊑䊦૞⵾↪䈫䈚䈩ଏ⛎䈚䇮䈢䇯㩷ᛩ౉ၮ᧼㐳䈮ኻ䈜䉎ᱠ⇐䉁䉍䈲 㪉㪌㩷㩼㩷㩿㪉㪇㪈㪉 ᐕ䈪䈲 㪋㪌㩷㩼㪀㩷䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯䊝䊂䊦䉬䊷䊑䊦䈱⵾ㅧ䇮ᢝ⸳䈲 㪉㪇㪈㪉 ᐕ 㪈㪉᦬䈮ቢੌ䈚䇮⹜㛎䉕ⴕ䈉੍ቯ䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷㪌䋮⻢ㄉ㩷ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈲䇮䉟䉾䊃䊥䉡䊛♽⿥㔚ዉ㔚ജᯏེᛛⴚ㐿⊒㩷 䈱৻Ⅳ䈫䈚䈩䇮⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱᣂ䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷䊶✚วᛛⴚ
(KI㪠㪺̄.㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪈㪋㪇㫄㪄㫃㫆㫅㪾㩷㪺㫆㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫆㫉㫊㩷㐿⊒ᯏ᭴㩿㪥㪜㪛㪦㪀䈱ᆔ⸤䉕ᓧ䈩ታᣉ䈚䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷

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ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㩷
㪈㪅㩷 㪤㪅㩷㪦㪿㫐㪸㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷㪧㪿㫐㫊㫀㪺㪸㩷㪚㪃㩷㫍㫆㫃㪅㩷㪋㪎㪈㩷㩿㪉㪇㪈㪈㪀㪃㩷㫇㪅㩷㪈㪉㪎㪐㩷㪉㪅㩷 㪟㪅㩷㪦㪿㫋㪸㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷㪘㪹㫊㫋㫉㪸㪺㫋㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㪚㪪㪡㩷㪚㫆㫅㪽㪼㫉㪼㫅㪺㪼㪃㩷㪭㫆㫃㪅㩷㪏㪇㩷㩿㪉㪇㪇㪐㪀㩷㫇㪅㪈㪐㪇㩷(KI㪠㪺㩷㪻㫀㫊㫋㫉㫀㪹㫌㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪺㫆㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫆㫉㫊㩷㩷㻞㻜⿥㔚ዉ᧚ᢱ䋨㪚㪚䋩䈱⥃⇇㔚ᵹ․ᕈ⹏ଔᴺ㩷㩷㪢㫆㫊㫌㫂㪼㩷㪰㫆㫊㪿㫀㪻㪸㩷㪈㪃㩷㪮㪼㫉㫅㪼㫉㩷㪧㫉㫌㫊㫊㪼㫀㫋㪉㪃㩷㪫㪸㫂㪸㫊㪿㫀㩷㪰㪸㫄㪸㪾㫌㪺㪿㫀㩷㪊㩷㪈㪢㩽㪩㩷㪚㫉㪼㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪚㫆㪅㪃㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㪃㩷㪩㫆㫆㪃㩷㪥㫆㪅㪉㪇㪈㪃㩷㪈㪈㪄㪐㪃㩷㪪㫌㪾㪸㫎㪸㫉㪸㪄㪺㪿㫆㩷㪠㫂㪼㪻㪸㪄㪺㫀㫋㫐㪃㩷㪦㫊㪸㫂㪸㪄㫇㫉㪼㪽㪃㩷㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㩷㪉㪫㪟㪜㪭㪘㩷㪛㫌㪼㫅㫅㫊㪺㪿㫀㪺㪿㫋㫋㪼㪺㪿㫅㫀㫂㩷㪞㫄㪹㪟㪃㩷㪩㫆㫋㪼㪄㪢㫉㪼㫌㫑㪄㪪㫋㫉㪅㩷㪏㪃㩷㪛㪄㪏㪌㪎㪊㪎㩷㪠㫊㫄㪸㫅㫀㫅㪾㩷㪊㪪㫌㫄㫀㫋㫆㫄㫆㩷㪜㫃㪼㪺㫋㫉㫀㪺㩷㪠㫅㪻㫌㫊㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㪃㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㪃㩷㪈㪄㪈㪄㪊㪃㩷㪪㪿㫀㫄㪸㫐㪸㪃㩷㪢㫆㫅㫆㪿㪸㫅㪸㪄㫂㫌㪃㩷㪦㫊㪸㫂㪸㩷㪌㪌㪋㪄㪇㪇㪉㪋㪃㩷㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㩷㪜㪄㫄㪸㫀㫃㪑㩷㫂㪄㪸㫅㪻㪄㫉㪗㫇㫆㫇㫆㫉㫆㪅㫅㪼㪅㫁㫇㩷㩷㩷㪈䋮䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷

ᵹ┵ሶ 㪈䇮㪋 䈱ធ⸅ᛶ᛫䉕น⢻䈭㒢䉍ૐ䈒䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚㩷 㩿㪺㫆㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷 㪺㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㫆㫉㪃㩷 㪚㪚㪀㩷 䈲䇮㔚ജ䉬䊷䉍䇮✢᧚䈻䈱቟ోᕈ䉇᷹ቯ䈱቟ቯᕈ䈮໧㗴䈏䈅䉎䇯䉁䊑䊦䉕ᆎ䉄䇮ᄌ࿶ེ䇮㪪㪤㪜㪪䇮⿥㔚ዉ䊙䉫䊈䉾䊃╬䇮᭽䇱䈢䇮㪈 ඙㑆䈝䈧ㅢ㔚䈚᷹ቯ䉕ⴕ䈉ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䈢䉄䇮᷹ቯ䈭ᔕ↪ᯏེ䈻䈱ㆡ↪䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮ㄭㅦᐲ䉕㜞ㅦൻ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏㔍䈚䈇䇯㩷ᐕ⥃⇇㔚ᵹ㩷 㩿㪠㪺㪀㩷 䈱ะ਄෸䈶ᔕ↪䊶⵾ຠൻ䉕ⷞ㊁䈮౉㕖ធ⸅ᴺ䈲䇮⿥㔚ዉ䈻䈱⏛႐䈱ଚ౉䉕೑↪䈚䈢᷹䉏䈢㜞 㪠㪺 ൻ෸䈶㐳ዤൻ䈏Ⓧᭂ⊛䈮ㅴ䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎㪲㪈㪴㪃㩷ቯ䈪䇮ᄖㇱ䈎䉌⏛႐䉕ශട䈚⿥㔚ዉ䉕ㅢ䉍ᛮ䈔䈢⏛႐㪲㪉㪴䇯⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱㜞 㪠㪺 ൻ෸䈶㐳ዤൻ䈮઻䈇䇮㪠㪺 䈱᷹ቯ䈱ᒝᐲಽᏓ䈎䉌 㪠㪺 䉕▚಴䈜䉎ᣇᴺ䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷 䈖䈱ᣇᴺ䈮

ᛛⴚ䈱቟ోᕈ䉇቟ቯᕈ䇮㜞ㅦൻ╬䈏᳞䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯䈲䇮ਥ䈮⏛᳇శቇᴺ䉇䊖䊷䊦⚛ሶᴺ䈱 㪉 ⒳㘃䈱ᣇᴺ

ᧄႎ๔䈪䈲䇮⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱⥃⇇㔚ᵹ․ᕈ⹏ଔᴺ䈫䈚䈏᜼䈕䉌䉏䉎䇯㩷 䈖䈱䈉䈤䇮⏛᳇శቇᴺ䈲 㫄 䉥䊷䉻䊷䈱䈩䊖䊷䊦⚛ሶᴺ䉕ណ↪䈚䈢䇮㪫㪸㫇㪼㫊㫋㪸㫉 䈮䈧䈇䈩ႎ๔䈜ಽ⸃⢻䉕᦭䈜䉎䈏䇮᷹ቯ䈱㜞ㅦൻ䈏㔍䈚䈒✢᧚䈱䉋䈉䈭䉎䇯㩷㫄 䉥䊷䉻䊷䈱᷹ቯ䈮䈲ਇะ䈐䈪䈅䉎䇯䈖䉏䈮ኻ䈚䇮䊖䊷㩷䊦⚛ሶᴺ䈲⏛႐䈱ᄌൻ䈮ኻ䈜䉎෻ᔕ䈏ᣧ䈒䇮ㅪ⛯䈚䈩㪉䋮⥃⇇㔚ᵹ㩷 㩿㪠㪺㩷㪀㩷 䈱᷹ቯᣇᴺ㩷✢᧚䉕േ䈎䈚䈭䈏䉌᷹ቯ䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉍䇮㜞ㅦൻ䉕࿑䉎䈱⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈱⥃⇇㔚ᵹ䇮㪠㪺 䈱᷹ቯᣇᴺ䈲䇮ᄢ䈐䈒ធ䈏ኈᤃ䈪䈅䉎䇯䉁䈢䇮᏷ᣇะ䈮䊖䊷䊦⚛ሶ䉕ਗ䈼䉎䈖䈫

⸅ᴺ䈫㕖ធ⸅ᴺ䈏䈅䉎䇯㩷 ធ⸅ᴺ䈲䇮㪋 ┵ሶᴺ䈮䉋䉎ㅢ䈮䉋䉍䇮᏷ᣇะ䈱᷹ቯ▸࿐䉕ᐢ䈕䉎䈖䈫䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉍䇮㔚᷹ቯ䈪䇮䈠䈱᭴ᚑ䉕 㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪈㩷 䈮␜䈜䇯┵ሶ 㪈䇮㪋 䈏㔚ᵹᄙ᭽䈭ኸᴺ䈱⿥㔚ዉ᧚ᢱ䈱᷹ቯ䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷એ਄䉋䉍䇮㪫㪟㪜㪭㪘 ␠䈪䈲䊖䊷䊦⚛ሶᴺ䉕೑↪䈚䈩┵ሶ䇮┵ሶ 㪉䇮㪊 䈏㔚࿶┵ሶ䈪䈅䉍䇮ಽ⸃⢻䈫䈚䈩䈲㔚㐳ዤ䈮䉒䈢䉍 㪠㪺 ⹏ଔ䉕ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䈱䈪䈐䉎ⵝ⟎䉕㐿⊒䈚䇮࿶┵ሶ㑆〒㔌 㪯 䈫䈭䉎䇯㩷㪫㪸㫇㪼㫊㫋㪸㫉 䈫䈚䈩⵾ຠൻ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷㩷㪊㪅㩷㪫㪸㫇㪼㫊㫋㪸㫉㩷㩷 㪫㪸㫇㪼㫊㫋㪸㫉 䈱ᄖⷰ䉕䇮㪝㫀㪾㪅㪉 䈮␜䈜䇯ᧄⵝ⟎䈲䇮䊥䊷䊦䊶䊃䉠䊶䊥䊷䊦ᣇᑼ䈪✢᧚䉕៝ㅍ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䇮㪘 䈱ㇱಽ䈏៝ㅍᯏ᭴䈪䈅䉎䇯㪙 䈲䇮䊡䊷䉱䊷䉟䊮䉺䊷䊐䉢䊷䉴↪
䈱䊂䉞䉴䊒䊧䉟䈪䈅䉍䇮䉺䉾䉼䊌䊈䊦ᣇᑼ䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㪚 䈲✢᧚䈱䊍䊷䊁䉞䊮䉫䉹䊷䊮䈪䈅䉍䇮ᶧ૕⓸⚛ᮏ䈎䉌಴䈩䈐䈢✢᧚䉕ㅦ䉇䈎䈮ቶ᷷䉁䈪ടᾲ䈜䉎䇯㪛 䈮䈲䉶䊮䉰䊷䈫ᶧ૕⓸⚛ᮏ䈏䈅䉍䇮㪎㪎㪢 䈮䈩⿥㔚ዉ䈻⏛႐䉕㩷㩷(KI㪪㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪽㫆㫌㫉㩷㫋㪼㫉㫄㫀㫅㪸㫃㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㪅ශട䈚䇮ㅢㆊ䈜䉎⏛႐ಽᏓ䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷㩷㩷 ⵝ⟎䈱⢻ജ䈫䈚䈩䇮✢᧚䈲 㪉㫂㫄 એ਄䈱✢᧚䉕䉶䉾䊃䈜

䈖䈱ᣇᴺ䈪䈲䇮ታ㓙䈮ᵹ䈜䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎㔚ᵹ୯䈏⋥䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯૶↪น⢻䈭䊥䊷䊦䈲䇮⋥ᓘ 㪈㪇䌾㪏㪇㪺㫄䇮ធᛠី䈪䈐䉎䈫䈇䈉೑ὐ䈏䈅䉎䈏䇮὾៊㒐ᱛ䈱䈢䉄䈮㔚㻞㻝ᦨᄢ✚㊀㊂ 㪌㪇㫂㪾 䈪䈅䉍䇮✢ㅦ䈫ᒛജ䉕หᤨ䈮೙ᓮ䈚䈩䈮␜䈜䇯ㅢ㔚ᴺ䈮䉋䉎 㪠㪺 䈫Ყセ䈜䉎䈫䇮䌉䌣䈱㐳ᚻᣇะ䈱៝ㅍ䉕ⴕ䈉䇯᷹ቯᤨ䈱ᦨᄢ✢ㅦ䈲 㪉㪇㪇㫄㪆㪿 䈪䈅䉎䇯᷹ቯಽᏓ䈏⦟䈒৻⥌䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯䉁䈢䇮ㅢ㔚ᴺ䈱 㪠㪺 䈪䈲ᛠី䈪䈱 ಽ ⸃ ⢻ 䈲 䇮 ᏷ ᣇ ะ 䈪 㪇㪅㪍㫄㫄 䇮 㐳 䈘 ᣇ ะ 䈪 㪈㫄㫄㩷䈐䈭䈎䈦䈢ዪᚲ⊛䈭 㪠㪺 ഠൻㇱಽ䉕᷹ⷰ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈩㩿㪗㪉㪇㪇㫄㪆㪿㪀䈪䈅䉎䇯ᦨᄢශടน⢻⏛႐䈲 㪈㪉㪇㫄㪫 䈪䈅䉍䇮䈇䉎䇯䈖䈉䈚䈢ᰳ㒱䈲䇮ㅢ㔚ᤨ䊖䉾䊃䉴䊘䉾䊃䈫䈭䉍䇮὾៊㪠㪺 䈲 㪈㪇㪇㪇㪘 䉁䈪᷹ቯ䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷䈱ේ࿃䈫䈭䉍ᓧ䉎䈖䈫䈎䉌䇮ᣧᦼ䈮⊒⷗䈚䇮ኻ╷䉕┙䈩䉎䈖䈫䈏ᦸ䉁䈚䈇䇯ᧄⵝ⟎䈲䇮ዪᚲᰳ㒱䉕㜞ㅦ䈪⊒⷗䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎ᕈ⢻䉕ᜬ䈤䇮⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚⵾ㅧ䊒䊨䉶䉴䈱቟ቯൻ䈮⽸₂䈪䈐䉎䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷㪌㪅䉁䈫䉄㩷㩷 䊁䊷䊒䉴䉺䊷䈲䇮㐳ዤ⿥㔚ዉ✢᧚䈮䈍䈔䉎ᰳ㒱䉕㜞ㅦ䈎䈧㜞ಽ⸃⢻䈪ᬌ಴䈪䈐䉎ⵝ⟎䈪䈅䉎䇯䈖䈱䈖䈫䈎䉌䇮ቇળ╬䈪䈲㐳ዤ䈱⹏ଔⵝ⟎䈫䈚䈩೑↪䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷㩷ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㩷㪈㪅㩷㪤㪅㩷㪦㪿㫐㪸㪃㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷㪧㪿㫐㫊㫀㪺㪸㩷㪚㪃㩷㫍㫆㫃㪅㩷㪋㪎㪈㩷㩿㪉㪇㪈㪈㪀㪃㩷㫇㪅㩷㪈㪉㪎㪐㩷㪉㪅㩷 㪟㪅㩷 㪰㫌㫄㫌㫉㪸㪃㩷 㪼㫋㩷 㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷 㪡㪅㩷 㪧㪿㫐㫊㪅㩷 㪚㫆㫅㪽㪅㩷 㪪㪼㫉㪅㩷 㫍㫆㫃㪅㩷 㪉㪊㪋㩷㩿㪉㪇㪈㪇㪀㪃㩷㫇㪅㩷㪊㪉㪇㪍㪐㪝㫀㪾㪅㪉㩷㪪㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪫㪸㫇㪼㫊㫋㪸㫉㪅㩷㩷㪋䋮㪫㪸㫇㪼㫊㫋㪸㫉 䉕↪䈇䈢⹏ଔ଀㩷䌔䌡䌰䌥䌳䌴䌡䌲䉕↪䈇䈢 㪋㩷㫄㫄 ᏷✢᧚䈱⹏ଔ଀䉕䇮㪝㫀㪾㪅㩷㪊(KI㪠㪺̄.D[HQWT㫋㪼㫉㫄㫀㫅㪸㫃㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫋㪸㫇㪼㫊㫋㪸㫉㪅

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ᕤᏛ䞉㉸㟁ᑟᏛ఍㛵すᨭ㒊䛾άື䛿䚸௨ୗ䛾஦ᴗ఍ဨ䛾ⓙᵝ䛛䜙䛤ᨭ᥼䜢㡬䛔䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹㻌䠄஬༑㡢㡰䠅㻌
䜰䜲䝅䞁⢭ᶵ䞞䚸䜰䝹䝞䝑䜽䞉䜽䝷䜲䜸䞞䚸ᒾ㇂⎰᪁䞞䚸ᒾ㇂⏘ᴗ䞞䚸䞞䜶䜰䞉䜴䜷䠉䝍䠉⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᡤ䚸䞞䜶䝸䜸䝙䜽䝇䚸኱ሯ㟁Ꮚ䞞䚸ᕝᓮ㔜ᕤᴗ䞞䚸ඹᰤ䝞䝹䝤ᕤᴗ䞞䚸䞞䜽䝷䜲䜸䝞䝑䜽䚸䞞⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤ䚸䝆䝱䝟䞁䝇䞊䝟䞊䝁䞁䝎䜽䝍䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䞞䚸䞞㕥ᮌၟ㤋䚸ఫ཭㟁Ẽᕤᴗ䞞䚸኱ᐆ⏘ᴗ䞞䚸኱㝧᪥㓟䞞䜸䞁䝃䜲䝖䡡䝥䝷䞁䝖஦ᴗ㒊䚸䞞⏣㑔✵ẼᶵᲔ〇సᡤ䚸䞞ᮾ㝧䝔䜽䝙䜹䚸䝘䜺䝉䝔䜽䝜䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䝸䞁䜾䞞䚸ோᮌᕤⱁ䞞䚸᪥ᮏ໬ᏛᶵᲔ〇㐀䞞䚸䞞䝟䝇䜹䝹䚸୕⳻㟁ᶵ䞞