医学部専門予備校メルリックス英進館 医学部専門予備校 YMS 医学部進学予備校メビオ

解答速報

久留米大学医学部（後期） 英語

2020年 3月 8日実施

㸯
㸰

























E

G

F

F

F

E

F

E

F

E

D

D





E

G

























H

G

I

H

I

G

F

E

H

G

I

F

















E

K

H

K

G

H

E

D



















G

F

D

E

G

E

F















G

E

D

G

F

D

E



㸱
㸲



㸳
㸴











E

G

K



















㸺ゎㄝ㸼
㸯 


E 7KH HQWLUH FRQIHUHQFHZDVERULQJVR,OHIWDQKRXUDIWHULWVWDUWHG

ࠕ඲య఍㆟ࡣࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪఍㆟ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓ୍᫬㛫ᚋ࡟⚾ࡣᢤࡅฟࡋࡓࠖG   7KHFDQGLGDWHVZLOOEHLQWHUYLHZHG LQGLYLGXDOO\ ࠕཷ㦂⏕ࡣ୍ேࡎࡘ㠃᥋ࢆཷࡅࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ



F 7KHDXWKRURIWKHZRUN GHVHUYHG WKHSUL]HLQOLWHUDWXUHࠕࡑࡢసရࡢⴭ⪅ࡣᩥᏛ㈹࡟್ࡍࡿࠖF   7KHFKDULW\HYHQWLVKHOG DQQXDOO\ ࠕࡑࡢࢳࣕࣜࢸ࢕࣮࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡣẖᖺ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖF  *UDYLW\ SUHYHQWVWKLQJVIURPIORDWLQJLQWKHDLUࠕ㔜ຊࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛㸪≀ࡣ✵Ẽ୰࡟ᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࠖE   'UXJVDUHDFRPPRQIRUPRI WUHDWPHQW EXWWKH\GRQRWZRUNIRUHYHU\RQHZLWKDPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQࠕ⸆๣ࡢ౑⏝ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞἞⒪ἲࡔࡀ㸪࠶ࡿ⢭⚄⑌ᝈࢆᢪ࠼ࡿ⪅ࡍ࡭࡚࡟ຠࡃࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖF   7KHSURGXFWZDVGHYHORSHGRQWKH EDVLV RIKLVLQYHQWLRQࠕࡑࡢ〇ရࡣ㸪ᙼࡢⓎ᫂ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࠖ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨE  7KHFDU HPLWV QRFDUERQGLR[LGHࠕࡑࡢ㌴ࡣ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ࢆ᤼ฟࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ





F  7KHUHLVD FRQIOLFW RQWKHVFKHGXOHࠕணᐃࡀ㔜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ





E  6RPHKRPHDSSOLDQFH QRWDEO\ WHOHYLVLRQVDQGIULGJHVFKDQJHGRXUOLIHGUDVWLFDOO\ࠕ୍㒊ࡢᐙ㟁〇ရ㸪≉࡟ࢸࣞࣅࡸ෭ⶶᗜࡣ㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࢆ๻ⓗ࡟ኚ࠼ࡓࠖ





D  7KH\REVHUYHGDVWUDQJH SKHQRPHQRQ LQWKHH[SHULPHQWࠕᙼࡽࡣᐇ㦂୰ወጁ࡞⌧㇟ࢆほ ࡋࡓࠖ





D  7KH SULQFLSDO SXUSRVHRIWKLVVXUYH\LVOHDUQLQJDERXWHDWLQJKDELWVRIWHHQDJHUVࠕࡇࡢㄪᰝࡢ୺࡞┠ⓗࡣ㸪ⱝ⪅ࡢ㣗⏕άࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࠖ






㸰 
 ᮏࣃࣛࢢࣛࣇࡢ୺㢟ࡣࠕ೺ᗣ⥔ᣢࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐠ືࡢᚲせᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ㐠ືࢆᛰࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ᪉ࡀᴦ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࢀ࡜ࡣ཯ᑐࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ E ࢆ㝖እࡍࡿࠋ ඲ヂ! 㐠ືࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡣᴦࡔࠋ㝵ẁࢆ᪼ࡿࡼࡾ࢚࣮ࣞ࣋ࢱ࣮࡟஌ࡿ᪉ࡀᴦࡔࠋ D Ṍࡃࡼࡾ㌴࡟஌ࡿ᪉ࡀᴦ
ࡔࠋ F ෤ࡢᐮ࠸ᮅ࡟ࢪࣙࢠࣥࢢࢆࡍࡿࡼࡾ࣋ࢵࢻ࡛ᐷ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀᴦࡔࠋ G ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ே⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣᴦ࡟ᡭ࡟ධࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽࡎ㸪೺ᗣ࡞య࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡑࡢ౯್࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ೺ᗣࡣດຊࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡶ೺ᗣ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ດຊࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ
๐㝖ᩥ  E ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖࡛ࣥ㈙࠸≀ࢆࡍࡿࡼࡾ┤࡟ฟྥ࠸࡚ၟရࢆ㈙࠺᪉ࡀᴦࡔࠋ  ᮏࣃࣛࣇࣛࣇࡢ୺㢟ࡣࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⫧‶ၥ㢟࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ᪥ᮏ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㏙࡭࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ G ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ⫗࡜⡿ࡢᾘ㈝㔞ࡢヰࡣ↓㛵ಀ࡞ࡢ࡛㝖እࡍࡿࠋ඲ヂ! ῝้࡞⫧‶ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ࡿᅜࡢ୍ࡘࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ D ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᡂேࡢ⣙ 㸣ࡣ㸪⫧‶࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ᪥ᮏேࡢ஧ಸ௨ୖࡢ๭ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ E ୺࡞⌮⏤ࡣ㣗⏕άࡢ㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ F ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡣᖹᆒ୍᪥࡟  ࣮࢟ࣟ࢝ࣟࣜࢆྲྀࡿࡀ㸪᪥ᮏேࡣ  ࣮࢟ࣟ࢝ࣟࣜࡋ࠿ྲྀࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ
࢝ேࡢ㣗஦ࡢ⬡⫫ྵ᭷㔞ࡣ⣙ 㸣ࡔࡀ㸪᪥ᮏேࡢ㣗஦ࡢ⬡⫫ྵ᭷㔞ࡣ⣙ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
๐㝖ᩥ  G  ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ⫗ࡢᾘ㈝㔞ࡣቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪⡿ࡢᾘ㈝㔞ࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸱 8ODDQEDDWDU ࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡀࠊၥ㢟ᩥ࡛ࡣᩘ࢝ᡤ 8ODDQEDDUWDU ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊタၥゎㄝ࡛ࡣࡑࡢ⾲グ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ     H     E     G     D     F     I  30 FRQFHQWUDWLRQVKDYHRIWHQEHHQIRXQGWREHHYHQKLJKHULQ8ODDQEDDUWDUWKDQLQKHDYLO\SROOXWHG$VLDQPHJDFLWLHV 
ࠕ30 ⃰ᗘࡣởᰁࡀࡦ࡝࠸࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ኱㒔ᕷࡼࡾࡶ࢘ࣛࣥࣂ࣮ࢺࣝࡢ᪉ࡀ୍ᒙ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸࡜ศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ  ࡲࡎ ILQG2 WREH & ࡢཷືែࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ LQ8ODDQEDDUWDU ࡜ LQ$VLDQPHJDFLWLHV ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀศ࠿ࢀࡤᩥࡢᇶᮏᵓ㐀ࡣ☜ᐃࡍࡿࠋ F KHDYLO\SROOXWHG ࡣ $VLDQPHJDFLWLHV ࢆಟ㣭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ    H     E     I     F     D     G  
7KH DLP ZDV WR FKDUDFWHUL]H VSDWLDO DQG WHPSRUDO YDULDWLRQV LQ SDUWLFXODWHERXQG 3$+ SROOXWLRQ LGHQWLI\ WKHSROOXWDQWVRXUFHVDQGDVVHVVWKHKHDOWKULVNVSRVHG ࠕࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣ⢏Ꮚែ 3$+ ከ⎔ⰾ㤶᪘Ⅳ໬Ỉ⣲ ởᰁࡢ✵㛫ⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ᫬㛫ⓗኚືࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ㸪ởᰁ※ࢆ≉ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨᐃࡋ㸪ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ೺ᗣୖࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡲࡎືモࡣ ZDV ࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ࡟ D 㹼 I ࡟࠾ࡅࡿືモࡢཎᙧ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㸪FKDUDFWHUL]HaLGHQWLI\aDQGDVVHVVaࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ E  ࡢ DQG ࡣ VSDWLDO ࡜ WHPSRUDO ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪LQ ࡢᚋࢁ࡟᮶ࡿྡモࡣ 3$+SROOXWLRQ ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ᩥࡢᇶᮏᵓ㐀ࡣ☜ᐃࡍࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ṧࡿ I  SDUWLFXODWHERXQG ࡣ㸪ELQG ࡢ㐣ཤศモᙧ
ERXQG ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᙧᐜモ࡜ࡋ࡚ാࡃ࡜᝿ᐃࡉࢀ㸪3$+SROOXWLRQ ࡢ๓࡟⨨ࡃࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ    F     I     E     G     D     H  
7KHPHDQ 3$+FRQFHQWUDWLRQLQODWHVXPPHUZDVWLPHVORZHUWKDQWKHPHDQFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQZLQWHUDQG
WLPHVORZHUWKDQWKHPHDQFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQVSULQJ ࠕᬌኟࡢ 3$+ ࡢᖹᆒ⃰ᗘࡣ෤ࡢᖹᆒ⃰ᗘࡢ  ศࡢ 㸪᫓ࡢᖹᆒ⃰ᗘࡢ  ศࡢ  ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡲࡎືモࡣ ZDV ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ G  ࡢ WKHPHDQFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQZLQWHUa ࡼࡾ㸪ᩥ୰࡟ྠᵝࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ  ࡘ᝿ᐃ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࠋᩥ㢌ࡢ 7KHPHDQ ࡢᚋ࡟ࡣ F 3$+FRQFHQWUDWLRQLQ ࡀ㸪D  ࡢ aWKDQWKH ࡢᚋ࡟ࡣ H PHDQFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQVSULQJ ࡀ⥆ࡃࠋࡲࡓ F  ࡢ LQ ࡢᚋࢁ࡟᮶ࡿྡモࡣ ODWHVXPPHU ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ    G     E     I     H     D     F  
7KH UHVXOWVDOVRLQGLFDWHGWKHGLOHPPDIDFHGE\WKHFLW\UHVLGHQWVPXVWFKRRVHEHWZHHQKHDWLQJDQGLPSURYLQJDLUTXDOLW\ ࠕࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡑࡢ㒔ᕷࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡶࡲࡓ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾఫẸࡀᬮᡣ࡜✵Ẽࡢ㉁ࡢᨵၿࡢ࠸ࡎ
ࢀ࠿ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠖFKRRVHEHWZHHQ$DQG% ࡜࠸࠺ᙧࡀ᝿ᐃ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪 ³UHVLGHQWVPXVWFKRRVHEHWZHHQKHDWLQJDQGLPSURYLQJDLU
TXDOLW\´ ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋṧࡾ࠿ࡽ ³UHVXOWVDOVRLQGLFDWHGWKHGLOHPPDIDFHGE\WKHFLW\´ ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࢥࣟࣥ ࡢ๓ᚋ࡛ ᢳ㇟ ³GLOHPPD´ Ѝ ලయ ³aPXVWFKRRVHEHWZHHQa´ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࡛ࡁ࠶ࡀࡿࠋ



㸲 
 E 7KHVDGQHZVLVWKDWVKH OHIWWKLVFLW\EHFDXVHVKHZDVXQKDSS\DERXWWKHFULPHKHUH ➨୍㡯 ࢖ ࡛ࡣ ³ZDV OHIW´ ࡜ཷືែ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛୙ྍࠋ➨஧㡯 ࢖ ࡀṇࡋ࠸ሙྜ㸪⠇ෆࡀ௬ᐃἲ࡛࠶
ࡿࡢ࡟ᖐ⤖⠇࡟ࡣຓືモࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪௬ᐃἲࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺▩┪ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ➨୕㡯 ࢔ ࡔ࡜๓༙࡜
ෆᐜࡀ▩┪ࡍࡿࠋ

 K +HLVTXLWHLQGHSHQGHQWEXW ,JXHVVVRPHWLPHVKHZDQWVVRPHRQHWRWDONWROLNHHYHU\RQHHOVHGRHV ➨୍㡯ࡣ ࢔ ࡶ ࢖ ࡶ ³ZDQWV´ ࡜࠸࠺ືモࢆྵࡴࡀ㸪➨஧㡯࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࡛ྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢࡣ ࢖ ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ➨஧㡯 ࢖ ³VRPHRQHWRWDONWR´ ࡢ ³WRWDONWR´ ࡣ୙ᐃモࡢᙧᐜモⓗ⏝ἲ࡛㸪඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕヰࡋ┦ᡭࠖ࡜࠸࠺
ព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ᥋⥆モࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛ ࢖ ࡀṇゎࠋ H :HDUHGLVFXVVLQJHDUOLHUKRZZH PLJKWEHDEOHWRJHWKHUWRWUDYHODOOWKHZD\WR2NLQDZD ➨୍㡯 ࢔ ࡣࠓEHFDSDEOHRIdoingࠔࡢᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࡢ࡛୙ྍࠋ➨୍㡯 ࢖ ࡣࠓEHDEOHWRdoaࠔ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪➨஧㡯ࡣ ࢔ ࡟Ỵࡲࡿࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ ࠓDOOWKHZD\ࠔ ࠕࡣࡿࡤࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧࠿ࡽ ࢔ ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ K 2QH RIWKHFKDOOHQJLQJLVVXHVLVZKDWWRGRDERXWWKHLQFUHDVLQJDPRXQWRIZDVWH ࢝ࢵࢥࡢ๓࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓ ³2QH´ ࡼࡾ㸪➨୍㡯ཬࡧ➨஧㡯࡛㸪୺ㄒࡣࠓRQHRIWKH ྍ⟬ྡモ 」ᩘᙧࠔ࡟࡞ࡿ
࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪 DPRXQW ࡣ㏻౛㸪
ࠓWKHDPRXQWRI$ࠔࠕ$ ࡢ⥲㔞㸦ᩘ࣭㢠㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ ࢖ ࡀṇゎࠋ  G  6WUDQJHWKLQJVZHUHKDSSHQLQJWRWKHPRQHDIWHUWKHRWKHU ➨୍㡯࡛ ࢖ ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺࡜㸪ࡇࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛୺ᩥࡀ᏶ᡂࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ᚋࡀ⥆࠿࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪 ࢔ ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨஧㡯࡛ࡣ㸪KDSSHQ ࡀ⮬ືモ࡛࠶ࡾཷືែ࡟ฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪 ࢖ ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୕㡯 ࢖ ࡢ ³RQHDIWHUWKHRWKHU´ࡣࠕḟࠎ࡜ࠖࡢពࠋ
ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ H 7KH\ QHHGWREHUHVXEPLWWHGLQRUGHUIRUWKHGHSDUWPHQWWRSURFHVVWKHP ➨୍㡯 ࢔ ࡢ UHVXEPLW ࡣ㸪ࠕaࢆ෌ᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࠖࡢព࿡࡛㏻ᖖືモ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠸㸪ྡモ࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪 ࢖ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪᭱ᚋࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࢖ ࡢ ³VXFKWKDW´ ࡣ㸪ᚋࢁ࡟᏶඲࡞ᩥࡀࡃࡿ࡜ண᝿
ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪➨୕㡯ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪 ࢔  ࢖ ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪➨஧㡯ࡣ ࢔ ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪➨୕㡯ࡶ ³LQRUGHU´ ࡟⥆ࡃ୙ᐃモྃࢆ㑅࡭ࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪 ࢔ ࡀṇゎ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
 E aDWZKLFKSRLQWDVWXGHQW DVNHGKHUWRHODERUDWHDVKHZDVQ¶WVXUHZKHWKHUKHXQGHUVWRRGKHUSRLQW ➨୍㡯 ࢖ ࡣᮎᑿࡢ ³KHU´ ࡀ➨  㡯ࡢ ࢔  ࢖ ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ ³HODERUDWH´ ࡜ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚➨୍㡯ࡣ࢔ ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ➨஧㡯࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪➨୕㡯ࡢ ࢔  ࢖ ࡜ࡶ㏙ㄒ⾲⌧࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪࢖ ࡢ ³HODERUDWH
IRUKLV´ ࡣᵓ㐀ୖ㐃⤖࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪 ࢔ ࡢ ³HODERUDWHDVKH´ ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ HODERUDWH ࡣࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⮬ື
モ࡛ࠕヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠖࡢព࿡ࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪 ³KH´ ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿືモࢆྵࡴ ࢖ ࡀṇゎ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
 D a7KLVLOOXVWUDWHV KRZSHRSOH¶VEHKDYLRULQSXEOLFKDVQRWLFHDEO\FKDQJHG ➨୍㡯࡛ ࢖ ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ ³LOOXVWUDWHV´ ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡀ ³WKH ZD\´ ࡔࡅ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ព࿡ࡀ㏻ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛࢔ ࡢ KRZ ࡢᑟࡃ⠇ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࠋ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪ᙧᐜモ EHKDYLRUDO ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ࢖ ࡣ➨஧㡯࡟⥆࠿࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㝖እࡍࡿࠋ➨୕㡯 ࢖ ࡢ ³ZHUH´ ࡣ༢ᩘࡢ୺ㄒ࡜ᑐᛂࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㝖እࡍࡿࠋ


㸳 

  G   0XVLFKDVWKHDELOLW\WRFDSWLYDWHXVZKHQOLVWHQHUVHQFRXQWHUPXVLFWKH\IROORZLWVVRXQGVFORVHO\FRQQHFWLQJWRZKDWWKH\KHDULQDQDIIHFWLYHDQG LQYHVWHG ZD\ ࠕ㡢ᴦ࡟ࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࢆ㨩஢ࡍࡿຊࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⪺ࡁᡭࡀ㡢ᴦ࡟ฟ఍࠺࡜㸪ࡑࡢ㡢ࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜㏣࠸㸪᝟⥴ⓗ࡛༏ɶࡋ࡚⮬ศࡀ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠖ➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥෑ㢌࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㡢ᴦࡀே㛫ࢆ㨩஢ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㡢ᴦ࡟㨩஢ࡉࢀࡿᵝᏊࢆ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿㄒྃࢆ㑅࡭ࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪 D MRLQHGࠕ⧅ࡀࡗࡓࠖ
㸪 G GLVWDQWࠕ㞳ࢀࡓࠖ㸪 F WHOHJUDSKLF ࠕ㟁ሗࡢࠖ   F   $VWXG\E\UHVHDUFKHUVIURP7KH&LW\&ROOHJHRI1HZ<RUNDQGWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$UNDQVDV FKDUWV DQHZJURXQGLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHQHXUDOUHVSRQVHVWRPXVLF ࠕࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷ❧኱Ꮫ࡜࢔࣮࢝ࣥࢯ࣮኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ࡣ㸪㡢ᴦ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ⚄⤒ࡢ཯ᛂࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸᰿ᣐࢆᅆƠƯƍǔࠖ┤ᚋ࡜࡞ࡿ┠ⓗㄒࡀ JURXQG ࠕ᰿ᣐࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪᰿ᣐࢆࠕ♧ࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡢㄒྃࢆ㑅࡭ࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪 D UHJXODWHV ࠕつไࡍࡿࠖ㸪 E GLVDEOHV ࠕᦆയࡍࡿࠖ
㸪 G  ࠕၨⵚࡍࡿ㸪ᩍ໬ࡍࡿࠖ     D   7KLVOHGVRPHUHVHDUFKHUVIURP&&1<¶V*URYH6FKRRORI(QJLQHHULQJWRPHDVXUHWKH V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ RIEUDLQZDYHVLQDQDXGLHQFH
ࠕࡇࡢࡇ࡜ ேࡀ㡢ᴦࢆ⫈࠸࡚ࡶ㸪⬻࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ㡢ᴦࡢᙳ㡪ࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ ࡼࡾ㸪ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷ❧኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊ࡣ㸪⫈⾗ࡢ⬻Ἴࡢӷᛦφӳࢆ ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ   ➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ࡟ ³OLVWHQHUVDUHLQWXQHVZLWKWKHPXVLF´ ࡜࠸࠺⾲グࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡢẁⴠ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ㸪㡢ᴦ࡟ࡼࡾ⫈⾗ࡢ⬻Ἴࡀ୍⮴ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪 E PRWLYDWLRQ ࠕࡸࡿẼࠖ㸪 F FRPPXQLFDWLRQࠕពᛮ␯㏻ࠖ
㸪 G HODERUDWLRQࠕ⢭ᕦࡉ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
  E   :KHQOLVWHQLQJWRPXVLFSHRSOH¶VQHXUDOUHVSRQVHVDUH LQFRQFHUW ZLWKWKRVHRIRWKHUOLVWHQHUV ࠕ㡢ᴦࢆ⫈࠸࡚࠸ࡿ᫬࡟㸪ேࠎࡢ⚄⤒཯ᛂࡣ௚ࡢ⫈⾗ࡢࡑࢀ࡜ɟᐲƠƯ࠸ࡿࠖ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿグ㏙ࡣ  ࡜ඹ㏻ࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪 D GRQHXSࠕ౑࠸ᯝࡓࡉࢀࡓࠖ㸪 F NHSWDSDUWࠕ༊ู
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
㸪 G LQFRQYHUVDWLRQࠕ఍ヰ୰࡟࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨG   $FFRUGLQJWRWKHLUILQGLQJVDOLVWHQHU¶V FRPPLWPHQW WROLVWHQLQJWRIDPLOLDUPXVLFSLHFHVGHFUHDVHVZLWKUHSHWLWLRQRIPXVLF
ࠕᙼࡽࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪࡞ࡌࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ᭤ࢆ⫈ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪᭤ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿࡈ࡜࡟⫈⾗ࡢ᧙࣎ƕⷧࢀࡿࠖ
ࡇࡢᩥࡢᑐẚ࡜࡞ࡿ➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ࡛㸪 ³FDQVXVWDLQDQDXGLHQFH¶VLQWHUHVW´ ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢᩥࡶ㡢ᴦ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ㛵ᚰ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡔ࡜ศ࠿ࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪 D EDVHࠕᇶ♏ࠖ㸪 E FRQXQGUXPࠕ㞴ၥ㸪ㅦ࠿ࡅࠖ㸪 F EUDFHࠕᨭᰕ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

  E   +RZHYHU XQIDPLOLDU PXVLFVW\OHVFDQVXVWDLQDQDXGLHQFH¶VLQWHUHVWaࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ƳơǈƷƳƍస㢼ࡢ㡢ᴦࢆ⪺ࡃ࡜⫈⾗ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀᣢ⥆ࡋ㸪㹼ࠖࡇࡢᩥࡣ  ࡢᩥ࡜ᑐẚࢆ࡞ࡍᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ࡢᩥ࡟ࡣ ³IDPLOLDUPXVLF´ ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ཯ᑐࡢព࿡࡛࠶ࡿ XQIDPLOLDU ࢆ㑅࡭ࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪 D UHFRJQL]DEOH ࠕㄆ㆑ྍ⬟࡞ࠖ㸪 F NLQG
ࠕぶษ࡞ࠖ㸪 G GLVWRUWHG ࠕࡺࡀࢇࡔ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ  F   7KLVGLVWLQJXLVKHVPXVLFIURPRWKHU GRPDLQV ZKHUHRWKHULQWHUHVWGURSVZLWKUHSHWLWLRQࠕࡇࢀࡣ㡢ᴦࢆ௚ࡢЎ᣼࡜༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡑࡢ௚ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ㛵ᚰࡀ཯᚟࡜࡜ࡶ࡟పୗ
ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠖ
✵ᡤࢆྵࡴᩥࡢ๓ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪බᘧ࡟㡢ᴦࡢカ⦎ࢆཷࡅࡓேࡓࡕࡀ㸪⪺ࡁ័ࢀ࡞࠸ᙧࡢ㡢ᴦ࡟ゐࢀࡘ࡙ࡅ࡚
ࡶ⿕㦂⪅ྠኈࡢ㸦⬻Ἴࡢ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㛵ᚰࡢ㸧┦㛵ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ᪨ࡀ᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ㡢ᴦ௨እࡢศ㔝࡟ࡣ࡞࠸㡢ᴦᅛ᭷ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪 F GRPDLQV ࠕ㸦ㅖ㸧ศ㔝㸪㸦ㅖ㸧㡿ᇦࠖࡀṇゎ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ㸪 D WURXEOHVࠕᚰ㓄ࠖ㸪 E FRPSRQHQWVࠕᡂศࠖ㸪 G DPRXQWVࠕ㔞࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ  E 5HVHDUFKHUVDLPHGWRPHDVXUHVLPLODUPRYHPHQWVLQWKHEUDLQVRISHRSOHOLVWHQLQJWRWKHVDPHPXVLF➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ࡜➨  ᩥ ³7KLVOHGVRPHUHVHDUFKHUV«WRPHDVXUHWKH V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ RIEUDLQZDYHVLQDQDXGLHQFH:KHQOLVWHQLQJWRPXVLFSHRSOH¶VQHXUDOUHVSRQVHVDUH LQFRQFHUW ZLWKWKRVHRIRWKHUOLVWHQHUVWKXVLQWHUVXEMHFWFRUUHODWLRQRIEUDLQZDYHVLVDPHDVXUHRIWKHLUHQFRXQWHUZLWKWKHPXVLF´ ࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ
୰࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ✵ᡤ     ࡜     ࡢ⟅࠼࡜ࡶ㐃ືࡍࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪 WKXV ௨ୗࡢ ³LQWHUVXEMHFW FRUUHODWLRQ RI
EUDLQZDYHV´ ࠕ⿕㦂⪅┦஫ࡢ⬻Ἴࡢ┦㛵ࠖࢆ E  ࡢ ³VLPLODUPRYHPHQWVLQWKHEUDLQVRISHRSOH´ ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

G ,WKDVEHHQGLIILFXOWWRDVFHUWDLQWKHHIIHFWVRIPXVLFRQSHRSOH¶VEUDLQV  ➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ࡜➨  ᩥ ³aLWKDVEHHQGLIILFXOWWRVWXG\HQJDJHPHQWZLWKPXVLFJLYHQWKHOLPLWVRIVHOIUHSRUW
7KDWLVZKHQSHRSOHOLVWHQWRPXVLFWKH\GRQRWUHSRUWRQWKHHIIHFWRIPXVLFRQWKHLUEUDLQV´ ࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ⮬ᕫ⏦࿌࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪㡢ᴦࡢ⬻࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠊ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࠕ㡢ᴦࡀேࠎࡢ⬻࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ✺ࡁṆࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣᮏᩥࡢෆᐜ࡟㐺ྜࡍࡿࠋ

K 7KHDLPRIWKHVWXG\ZDVWRFRPSUHKHQGQHXUDOUHDFWLRQVZKHQOLVWHQLQJWRPXVLF ➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ࡟ ³$VWXG\E\UHVHDUFKHUVaFKDUWVQHZJURXQGLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHQHXUDOUHVSRQVHVWRPXVLF´࡜࠶ࡾ㸪๓ᩥ࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࠿ࡽࡇࡢ㒊ศࢆ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣᮏᩥࡢෆᐜ࡟㐺ྜ
ࡍࡿࠋ





ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸴   G   5HVHDUFKHUVXVHGDIRUPRIDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHWRHQDEOHFRPSXWHUVWROHDUQE\H[DPSOHၥ㢟ᩥࡣࠕṇࡋ࠸ᩥࢆ㑅࡭࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋṇゎࡢ᰿ᣐࡀ࡞࠿࡞࠿Ⓩሙࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ὀពࡀᚲせࠋ➨  ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟㸪 ³7VHDQGFROOHDJXHVDSSOLHGDIRUPRI$,FDOOHGGHHSOHDUQLQJWR/'&7VFDQVa´ ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟➨ ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ࡟ ³7KHGHHSOHDUQLQJDOJRULWKPHQDEOHVFRPSXWHUVWROHDUQE\H[DPSOH´ ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀࢹ࢕࣮ࣉ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᆺࡢ $, ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟ᐇ౛࠿ࡽᏛ⩦ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 G  ࠕ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢேᕤ▱⬟ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡀᐇ౛࠿ࡽᏛ࡭ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
  E   ,WKHOSVWRVWRSWKHVSUHDGRIWXPRUVDQGKHOSVSDWLHQWVWRUHFRYHUEHWWHU ၥ㢟ᩥࡣࠕ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᪩ࡃࡀࢇࡢᚩೃࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➨  ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟㸪
³aDQGHDUO\GHWHFWLRQLVFUXFLDOIRUERWKVWRSSLQJWKHVSUHDGRIWXPRUVDQGLPSURYLQJSDWLHQWRXWFRPHV´ ࠕ᪩ᮇⓎぢࡣ㸪⭘⒆ࡢᗈࡀࡾࢆᢚ࠼㸪ᝈ⪅ࡢ㌿ᖐࢆࡼࡾⰋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ
࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 E  ࠕࡑࢀࡣ⭘⒆ࡢᗈࡀࡾࢆ㣗࠸Ṇࡵࡿࡢ࡟ᙺ❧ࡕ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡾᝈ⪅ࡣࡼࡾᅇ᚟ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞
ࡿࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿ
  D   /RZGRVH&7KDVKHOSHGWRGHFUHDVHFDQFHUGHDWKVE\ ၥ㢟ᩥࡣࠕప⥺㔞 &7 ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࡣ⫵ࡀࢇ࡟ᑐᢠࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚࡝ࢀ࡯࡝ຠᯝⓗ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ࡟㸪 ³aDQGUHVHDUFKKDVVKRZQWKDWORZGRVH&7 /'&7 LQSDUWLFXODUKDVUHGXFHGOXQJFDQFHUGHDWKVE\´ࠕ≉࡟ప⥺㔞 &7 /'&7 ࡣ⫵ࡀࢇ࡟ࡼࡿṚஸ⪅ᩘࢆ ῶᑡࡉࡏࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 D  ࠕప⥺㔞
&7 ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࡣࡀࢇ࡟ࡼࡿṚஸ⪅ᩘࢆ 㸣ῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡟ᙺ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
  G   7KHGLDJQRVLVIRUOXQJFDQFHULVGHOD\HGGXHWRDODUJHQXPEHURIIDOVHQHJDWLYHV ၥ㢟ᩥࡣࠕప⥺㔞 &7 ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ᰝ࡛⏕ࡌࡿၥ㢟ࡣఱ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ࡟ ³+RZHYHUDKLJKUDWHRIIDOVHSRVLWLYHVDQGIDOVHQHJDWLYHVVWLOOULGGOHVWKH/'&7SURFHGXUH´ ࠕഇ㝧ᛶࡸഇ㝜ᛶࡢ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡏ࠸࡛㸪ࡲࡔప⥺㔞 &7 ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ᰝࡣḞ㝗ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟⥆ࡃ᭱⤊ᩥ࡛
³7KHVHHUURUVW\SLFDOO\GHOD\WKHGLDJQRVLVRIOXQJFDQFHUXQWLOa´ ࠕ୍⯡࡟ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄗࡾࡀ⫵ࡀࢇࡢデ᩿ࢆ㐜ࡽࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 G ࠕ⫵ࡀࢇࡢデ᩿ࡣഇ㝜ᛶ࡜࠸࠺デ᩿ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛㐜ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖ
ࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ   F   5HVHDUFKHUVDFFHVVHGRYHUVFDQVIURPDGDWDEDVHDQGWUDLQHGWKHV\VWHPE\XVLQJLPDJHVZLWKHDUOLHUVFDQV ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕࡇࡇ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࢆ᭱ࡶࡼࡃせ⣙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ḟࡢ࡝ࢀ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➨ ẁⴠ࡜➨  ẁⴠࡢෆᐜࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ F  ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣ➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ㸪
³7VHDQGFROOHDJXHVDSSOLHGDIRUPRI$,FDOOHGGHHSOHDUQLQJWR/'&7VFDQVZKLFKWKH\DFFHVVHGIURPa´㸪ࡉࡽ࡟➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ㸪 ³,QWKLVFDVHWKHUHVHDUFKHUVWUDLQHGWKHV\VWHPXVLQJDSULPDU\/'&7VFDQWRJHWKHUZLWKDQHDUOLHU/'&7VFDQa´ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣ  ᯛࡢప⥺㔞 &7 ⏬ീࢆ $, ࡟୚࠼ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ㝿࡟㐣ཤࡢ &7 ⏬ീࡶඹ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ $, ࡢデ᩿⬟ຊࢆカ⦎ࡋࡓ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ D  ࡣ⏬ീࢹ࣮ࢱࡢධᡭඛ࡟ࡋ࠿ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ E  ࡣ◊✲⤖ᯝࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓㄽᩥㄅ࡟ࡋ࠿ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ G ࡢෆᐜࡣᮏᩥ࡟୍ษ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
  D   7KH$,PRGHOZDVEHWWHUWKDQWKHUDGLRORJLVWVZKHQSULRU/'&7VFDQVZHUHXQDYDLODEOH ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕ$, ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ᨺᑕ⥺⛉་࡟ࡼࡿホ౯ࡢ᭷ຠᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ṇࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋゎ⟅ࡢ᰿ᣐࡣ㸪➨  ẁⴠ➨   ᩥ࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ³:KHQ SULRU /'&7 VFDQV ZHUH QRW DYDLODEOH WKH$, ³PRGHORXWSHUIRUPHGDOOVL[UDGLRORJLVWVZLWKDEVROXWHUHGXFWLRQVRILQIDOVHSRVLWLYHVDQGLQIDOVHQHJDWLYHV´UHSRUW
7VHDQGFROOHDJXHV:KHQSUHYLRXVLPDJLQJZDVDYDLODEOHWKH$,SHUIRUPHGMXVWDVZHOODVWKHUDGLRORJLVWV´ ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪㐣ཤࡢప⥺㔞 &7 ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥ⏬ീࡀ฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪$, ࣔࢹࣝࡀ  ேࡢᨺᑕ⥺⛉་ࡼࡾࡶデ᩿ࡀṇ☜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ D  ࠕ$, ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㐣ཤࡢప⥺㔞 &7 ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥ⏬ീࡀ฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ᨺᑕ⥺⛉་ࡼࡾࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ  E   7KHV\VWHPFDQGLDJQRVHZKHWKHUVRPHRQHKDVFDQFHURUQRWZLWKPRUHDFFXUDF\ ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕࢹ࢕࣮ࣉ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ฼Ⅼࡢ୍ࡘࡣఱ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋゎ⟅ࡢ᰿ᣐࡣ㸪➨  ẁⴠ➨  ᩥ㹼➨  ᩥ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ³6WXG\FRDXWKRU'U0R]]L\DU(WHPDGLJRHVRQWRH[WROWKHEHQHILWVRI XVLQJ GHHSOHDUQLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ HPSKDVL]LQJ LWV SUHFLVLRQ ³7KH V\VWHP FDQ FDWHJRUL]H D OHVLRQ ZLWK PRUH
VSHFLILFLW\´WKHUHVHDUFKHUVD\V³1RWRQO\FDQZHEHWWHUGLDJQRVHVRPHRQHZLWKFDQFHUZHFDQDOVRVD\LIVRPHRQH
GRHVQ¶WKDYHFDQFHUa´´ ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪ࢹ࢕࣮ࣉ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᦆയࡢ✀㢮ࢆࡼࡾṇ☜࡟ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡀࢇࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ṇ☜࡟ุᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟
ࡼࡾ E  ࠕࡑࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣேࡀࡀࢇࢆᝈࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆࡼࡾṇ☜࡟デ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋㅮホ㸯㹙ᩥἲᅄᢥ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ṇゎࡢㄒ࣭ㄒྃࡢㄒᙡࣞ࣋ࣝࡣᶆ‽ⓗ࡛㸪ṇゎࡣ⤠ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ㸰㹙୙せᩥ᤼㝖㹛 㸦᫆㸧᥎⸀㸪๓ᮇධヨ࡟⥆ࡁฟ㢟ࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮኱ၥ $ ࡜ྠᙧᘧࠋ୙せᩥࡢ≉ᐃࡣᐜ᫆ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸱㹙ᩥ୰ㄒྃᩚᗎ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 ⱥᩥࡢᇶᮏᵓ㐀ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡢࡣẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆ࡔࡀ㸪ಟ㣭ㄒࡢ఩⨨ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ㸲㹙ⱥᩥ᏶ᡂ㹛㸦᫆㸧᫖ᖺᗘᚋᮇධヨ࡟⥆ࡁฟ㢟ࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮኱ၥ & ࡜ྠᙧᘧࠋᩥἲ࣭ㄒἲࡢᇶᮏ
▱㆑࡛ṇゎࢆ⤠ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㸳㹙㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ㡢ᴦࢆ⫈ࡃேࠎ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⬻Ἴࡢ◊✲ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ✵ᡤ⿵඘ၥ㢟ࡣࡸࡸ㞴ࠋ㸴㹙㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 ࠕ⫵ࡀࢇデ᩿ $,ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋゎ⟅ࡢ᰿ᣐࡀ」ᩘẁⴠ࡟ࡲࡓࡀࡿၥ࠸ࡸ
せ⣙ࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢ࡟ࡣὀពࡀᚲせࡔࡀ㸪඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ⣲┤࡞㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀከࡃ㸪ṇゎࡣ⤠ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ
኱ၥෆᐜࡣ᫖ᖺᗘᚋᮇ࡜ྠᵝࡔࡀ㸪኱ၥࡢ୪ࡧࡣ๓ᮇ࡜ྠᵝኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 


0120-146-156 まで
メ ル マ ガ 無料登録 で 全 教 科 配 信 ！ 本解答速報の内容に関するお問合せはメビオ
医学部専門予備校メルリックス英進館
医学部専門予備校 YMS 医学部進学予備校メビオ

0120-142-762

受付時間10〜22時 土日可
日曜は19時まで

https://www.melurix-eishinkan.com/

福岡市中央区舞鶴1-1-11
天神グラスビルディング2F

解答速報
03-3370-0410

受付時間 8〜20時

土日祝可

https://yms.ne.jp/
東京都渋谷区代々木 1-37-14

0120-146-156

土日祝可
受付時間 9〜21時
https://www.mebio.co.jp/
大阪市中央区石町 2-3-12
ベルヴォア天満橋
携帯からOK