ȬȸǶȸᅹ‫ܖ‬ᄂᆮ৑ˋԧᲮ࠰ࡇᲢᲬᲪᲬᲬ࠰ࡇᲣ

σӷМဇȷσӷᄂᆮ঺ௐ‫إ‬ԓ୿ᲢˋԧᲮ࠰Ხஉ㻙ˋԧᲯ࠰ᲭஉᲣ
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䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌
㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌 ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤࡣࠊᅜෆእࡢඹྠ◊✲⪅ࡢⓙᵝ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᢏ⾡ࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡀᣅࡃே㢮ᮍ㋃ࡢୡ
⏺ࢆ᥈✲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏛ⾡ࡢ㛤ᣅ࡜㠉᪂ⓗᢏ⾡ࡢ๰⏕࡟ດࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱ඛ➃࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᢏ⾡ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡋࡓᇶ♏ཬࡧᛂ⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࣭ᩍ⫱ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊඹྠ฼⏝࣭ඹྠ◊✲ᣐⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜෆእࡢ኱Ꮫཪࡣ◊✲ᶵ㛵➼ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢඹྠ฼⏝࡟౪ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋⓙᵝࡢࡈ⌮ゎ࡜ࡈ༠ຊࡢࡶ࡜ࠊ௧࿴㸲ᖺᗘࡼࡾࠊᙜ◊✲ᡤࡣ᪂ࡓ࡟ࠕ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘ⛉Ꮫඛ➃◊✲ᣐⅬࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ඹྠ฼⏝࣭ඹྠ◊✲ࡢᣐⅬ࡟ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
Ꮫ㝿ⓗ࡞㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘ⛉Ꮫࡢ᥈ồࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆඛᑟࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞◊✲ᣐⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢺࣛࣥࢫࣇ࢛࣮࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ඹ๰࡟ࡼࡿ▱ࡢ๰ฟࢆຍ㏿ࡉࡏࠊ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ๰ฟࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ౯್๰㐀ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙜᣐⅬάື࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏻ࡾࠊගᮦᩱᕤᏛࠊගࢹࣂ࢖ࢫᕤᏛࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᕤᏛ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶࣇ࢛ࢺࢽࢡࢫࡸࣃ࣮࣡ࣇ࢛ࢺࢽࢡࢫ࡞࡝ࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡋࡓࣞ
࣮ࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫࡸ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮Ᏹᐂ≀⌮Ꮫࡸ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮᰾⼥ྜ࡞࡝ࢆྵࡵࡓ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘ⛉Ꮫ࡞࡝ࡢᏛ㝿ศ㔝࡛ከࡃࡢᡂᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢάືࡢᡂᯝࢆࠊඹྠ◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡈ㧗ぴ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ
௧࿴㸲ᖺᗘࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠕ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘ⛉Ꮫඛ➃◊✲ᣐⅬࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞ᣐⅬ஦ᴗࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᙜ◊✲ᡤࡢᙉࡳࢆά࠿ࡋ᭦
࡞ࡿ㣕㌍࡜᪂ࡓ࡞ேᮦ⫱ᡂࢆ┠ᶆ࡟⤌⧊ᩚഛࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᅜ㝿➇தຊ࠶ࡿ⊂⮬ࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᢏ⾡࡜タഛࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࠊከᵝ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮
࡜ࡢ༠ാ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ୍ᒙ㧗ᗘ࡞͆▱͇࡜௜ຍ౯್ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᣐⅬࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠊᙜ◊✲ᡤࡢᙉࡳ࡛࠶ࡿᏛ㝿㐃ᦠ࣭ᅜ㝿㐃ᦠ࣭᪋タ㐃ᦠ࣭⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ୍యⓗ࡞㐠Ⴀࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫඹ๰᥎㐍ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᅜ㝿➇தຊ࡜ୡ⏺ࡢ▱ࢆࡼࡧᐤࡏࡿ
ồᚰຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࠊୡ⏺Ỉ‽ࡢ▱㆑㞟⣙ᆺࡢᩍ⫱◊✲ᣐⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ኱Ꮫᶵ⬟ࢆᙉ໬࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ௧࿴㸲ᖺᗘࠊྛ✀㐃ᦠ࡟࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝࡀ
ᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ」ᩘࡢ㐃ᦠ࡟ࡼࡿඹ๰࡬ྥࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡶ㛤ጞ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᏛ㝿㐃ᦠ㸩ᅜ㝿㐃ᦠࡢ᥎㐍ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ
࣮㐃ᦠᐊࢆ኱㜰኱ᏛேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉࡟タ⨨㸦௧࿴  ᖺ㸵᭶㸯᪥㸧ࡋࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼࡿᩥ໬㈈᥈⣴ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᩥ⌮㐃ᦠࡢேᮦ஺ὶࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡲࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᩥ⌮㐃ᦠࢆࡼࡾຍ㏿ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࡢࢧ࣭ࣥ࢝ࣝࣟࢫ኱Ꮫ༤≀㤋㛗ࢆᐈဨᩍᤵ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣍ࡬࠸⮴ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㸩ᅜ㝿㐃ᦠ㸩᪋タ㐃ᦠ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔ᨻᗓࡢ㈨㔠ࡢࡶ࡜࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔࡟⪅㐃ᦠ㸦㜰኱࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࠊ࢜࢝ࣔࢺ࢜ࣉࢸ࢖ࢡࢫࠊ(/,13 ࡟ࡼࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞᪋タ㸦௬⛠㸸㧗ฟຊගᏛࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧ࡢタ⨨࡜ඛ➃ගᏛ⣲Ꮚࡢඹྠ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵࡿྜពࡀṇᘧ࡟Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸱⪅ࡢྜព᭩஺᥮ᘧࡣࠊ௧࿴㸲ᖺ㸱᭶㸵᪥ࠊࣚࣁࢽࢫ࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔኱⤫㡿࡜ᓊ⏣㤳┦❧ࡕྜ࠸ࡢࡶ࡜㤳┦ᐁ㑰࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
௧࿴㸳ᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ
ࠕ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘᏛඛ➃◊✲ᣐⅬࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᣐⅬ஦ᴗ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟タ⨨ࡋࡓ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫඹ๰᥎㐍ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢάືࢆᏛෆ࠿ࡽᅜෆእ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋ᪂ࡓ࡞ඹ๰࡜ேᮦ⫱ᡂ࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ከᵝ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࠿ࡽࡢ฼⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ - ⣭ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࣃ࣮࣮࣡ࣞࢨ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᩚഛ࣭฼⏝ࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘ⛉ᏛࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࠊࡼࡾᖜᗈ࠸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢖ࡢᮇᚅ࡟ᛂ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᣐⅬάືࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋඹྠ◊✲⪅ࡢⓙᵝ࡜ඹ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸
Ꮫၥ㡿ᇦࢆ㛤ᣅࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟♫఍࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ᚋ࡜ࡶᙜᣐⅬάື࡟ᑐࡍࡿⓙᵝࡢࡈ⌮ゎࡈᨭ᥼ࡢ࡯࡝ࠊࡼࢁࡋࡃ
࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ                              ௧࿴㸳ᖺ㸴᭶          ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㛗 ඤ⋢ ஢♸┠ḟ䚷㻵㻺㻰㻱㼄䝺䞊䝄䞊Ᏹᐂ≀⌮Ꮫ䚷㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻭㼟㼠㼞㼛㼜㼔㼥㼟㼕㼏㼟㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻜㻝㼅㻭㻹㻭㼆㻭㻷㻵㻱㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼏㼛㼘㼘㼕㼟㼕㼛㼚㼘㼑㼟㼟㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㼟㻌㼜㼞㼛㼜㼍㼓㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼕㼚㼠㼛㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻾㼥㼛㻌㼅㼍㼙㼍㼦㼍㼗㼕㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ䞉⌮ᕤᏛ㒊㻼㻚㻥㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻜㻞㻷㻻㻱㻺㻵㻳㻾㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㼟㻌㼍㼟㻌㼟㼠㼍㼞㻌㼜㼞㼛㼓㼑㼚㼕㼠㼛㼞㼟㻷㻻㻱㻺㻵㻳

㻸㼍㼎㼛㼞㼍㼠㼛㼕㼞㼑㻌㻸㼁㻸㻵㻼㻚㻝㻜㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻜㻠㻹㻭㼀㻿㼁㻷㻵㼅㻻㻸㼛㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㼑㼢㼛㼘㼡㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼎㼥㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻿㼔㼡㼕㼏㼔㼕㻌㻹㼍㼠㼟㼡㼗㼕㼥㼛஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ䞉኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔㻼㻚㻝㻝㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻜㻢㻹㻻㻾㻭㻯㻱㻰㼑㼙㼛㼚㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼡㼘㼠㼞㼍㻙㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻸㻲㻱㼄㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㻴㼥㼜㼑㼞㼎㼛㼘㼕㼏㻌㻼㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻌㻹㼕㼞㼞㼛㼞㻌㼒㼛㼞㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼢㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㻌㻱㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㻿㼔㼛㼏㼗㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼚㼑㼍㼞㻙㼞㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼢㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㻌㼕㼛㼚㻌㼎㼑㼍㼙㼟㻚㻭㼘㼑㼟㼟㼕㼛㻌㻹㼛㼞㼍㼏㼑㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻼㻚㻝㻞㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻝㻞㼀㻭㻺㻭㻷㻭㻿㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌㼎㼛㼣㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼞㼑㼏㼛㼚㼚㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㻌㼍㼟㼠㼞㼛㼟㼜㼔㼑㼞㼑㼟㻿㼔㼡㼠㼍㻌㼀㼍㼚㼍㼗㼍㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ䚷⌮ᕤᏛ㒊
≀⌮⛉Ꮫ⛉

㻼㻚㻝㻟

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻝㻡㻮㻻㻸㻻㼁㻷㻵㻱㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼘㻌㼕㼚㼢㼑㼟㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼞㼑㼏㼛㼚㼚㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼎㼥㻌㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼚㼐㼥㼚㼍㼙㼕㼏㼟㻚㻺㼕㼙㼍㻌㻮㼛㼘㼛㼡㼗㼕㻹㼕㼚㼓㻌㻯㼔㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻼㻚㻝㻠㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻞㻞㻿㻭㻷㻭㼃㻭㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼍㼏㼏㼑㼘㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼢㼕㼍㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼞㼑㼏㼛㼚㼚㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼏㼛㼕㼘㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠㼅㼛㼡㼕㼏㼔㼕㻌㻿㼍㼗㼍㼣㼍㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻘㻻㼟㼍㼗㼍㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻝㻡㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻟㻵㻿㻭㼅㻭㻹㻭㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼍㼏㼏㼑㼘㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼎㼥㻌㼏㼛㼡㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌㼜㼞㼛㼜㼍㼓㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼣㼍㼢㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻿㼔㼛㼓㼛㻌㻵㼟㼍㼥㼍㼙㼍㻷㼥㼡㼟㼔㼡㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻝㻢㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻡㼀㻭㻺㻭㻷㻭㻼㼞㼑㼜㼍㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼠㼛㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼑㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼕㼚㼐㼡㼏㼑㼐㻌㻯㼛㼙㼜㼠㼛㼚㻌㻿㼏㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻿㼔㼡㼠㼍㻌㼀㼍㼚㼍㼗㼍㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊
≀⌮⛉Ꮫ⛉

㻼㻚㻝㻣

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻜㼀㻭㻷㻱㼆㻭㻷㻵㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼜㼡㼘㼟㼑㼐㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌㼏㼛㼘㼘㼕㼟㼕㼛㼚㼘㼑㼟㼟㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㻌㼑㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㼀㼍㼕㼏㼔㼕㻌㼀㼍㼗㼑㼦㼍㼗㼕ᐩᒣ኱Ꮫ䞉ᕤᏛ㒊㻼㻚㻝㻤㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻣㻹㻵㼆㼁㼀㻭㻿㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼘㼍㼎㼛㼞㼍㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌㼑㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼔㼥㼐㼞㼛㼐㼥㼚㼍㼕㼙㼏㻌㼕㼚㼟㼠㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼍㼟㼠㼞㼛㼜㼔㼥㼟㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼖㼑㼠㼜㼞㼛㼜㼍㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼎㼥㻌㻌㼡㼘㼠㼞㼍㻙㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㼟㻭㼗㼕㼞㼍㻌㻹㼕㼦㼡㼠㼍⌮໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ䞉㛤ᣅ◊✲ᮏ㒊㻼㻚㻝㻥㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻤㼀㻻㻷㼁㻹㻻㼀㻻㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻺㼑㼣㻌㻿㼛㼕㼘㻌㻹㼛㼕㼟㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻰㼑㼠㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼎㼥㻌㻺㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㼟㻵㼑㼥㼍㼟㼡㻌㼀㼛㼗㼡㼙㼛㼠㼛

బ㈡኱Ꮫ䞉㎰Ꮫ㒊㻼㻚㻞㻜㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻥㻲㼁㻷㼁㻰㻭㻵㼛㼚㻌㼍㼏㼏㼑㼘㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼏㼛㼘㼘㼕㼟㼕㼛㼚㼘㼑㼟㼟㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㼟㻌㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼑㼐㻌㼕㼚㻌㼚㼛㼚㼑㼝㼡㼕㼘㼕㼎㼞㼕㼡㼙㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㼟㼅㼡㼖㼕㻌㻲㼡㼗㼡㼐㼍㻷㼍㼚㼟㼍㼕㻌㻼㼔㼛㼠㼛㼚㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻔㻷㻼㻿㻵㻕㻘㻌㻺㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻽㼡㼍㼚㼠㼡㼙㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻾㼍㼐㼕㼛㼘㼛㼓㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻌㻔㻽㻿㼀㻕㻼㻚㻞㻝㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻢㻷㻵㻿㻭㻷㻭㼀㼔㼑㼛㼞㼑㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼟㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼑㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼘㻌㼢㼑㼞㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼏㼛㼔㼑㼞㼑㼚㼠㻌㼞㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼠㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼑㼐㼑㼙㼕㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㼏㼛㼚㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼒㼍㼟㼠㻌㼞㼍㼐㼕㼛㻌㼎㼡㼞㼟㼠㼟㻿㼔㼛㼠㼍㻌㻷㼕㼟㼍㼗㼍ᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ඛ㐍⌮ᕤ⣔⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉㻼㻚㻞㻞㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻢㻝㻻㻴㻵㻾㻭㻵㼚㼢㼑㼟㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻌㼕㼚㼟㼠㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼏㼛㼘㼘㼕㼟㼕㼛㼚㼘㼑㼟㼟㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㻌㼒㼛㼛㼠㻌㼞㼑㼓㼕㼛㼚㼅㼡㼠㼍㼗㼍㻌㻻㼔㼕㼞㼍㼀㼔㼑㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼀㼛㼗㼥㼛

㻼㻚㻞㻟

㻼㻚㻞㻠

㉸㧗ᅽ≀ᛶ䞉ᝨᫍ≀⌮Ꮫ㻌㻌㻴㼕㼓㼔㻌㻼㼞㼑㼟㼟㼡㼞㼑㻛㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㻌㻒㻌㻼㼘㼍㼚㼑㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻞㻢㻻㼆㻭㻷㻵㻻㼎㼟㼑㼞㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼜㼔㼍㼟㼑㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼗㼕㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㼟㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼐㼑㼏㼍㼥㼕㼚㼓㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㼏㼛㼙㼜㼞㼑㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㻺㼛㼞㼕㼙㼍㼟㼍㻌㻻㼦㼍㼗㼕኱㜰኱Ꮫ䞉኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻞㻤㻿㻭㼀㻻㻹㼑㼘㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼎㼑㼔㼍㼢㼕㼛㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼕㼘㼕㼏㼍㼠㼑㻌㼐㼡㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌㼜㼘㼍㼚㼑㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㼑㼢㼛㼘㼡㼠㼕㼛㼚㼀㼛㼙㼛㼗㼛㻌㻿㼍㼠㼛㻰㼑㼜㼍㼞㼠㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻼㼘㼍㼚㼑㼠㼍㼞㼥㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㼟㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻘㻌㻴㼕㼞㼛㼟㼔㼕㼙㼍㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㻚 㻼㻚㻞㻡㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻜㼅㻭㻺㻻㻲㼡㼚㼐㼍㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼘㻌㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻹㼕㼏㼞㼛㼜㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㻯㼍㼜㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼠㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓㼔㻌㻴㼥㼜㼑㼞㼢㼑㼘㼛㼏㼕㼠㼥㻵㼙㼜㼍㼏㼠㻌㻿㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻱㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼍㼠㻌㻪㻝㻜㻌㼗㼙㻛㼟㻴㼍㼖㼕㼙㼑㻌㼅㻭㻺㻻ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲே䞉Ᏹᐂ⯟✵◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ䞉Ᏹᐂ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻞㻢㉸㧗ᙉᗘ☢ሙ⛉Ꮫ㻌㻌㻴㼕㼓㼔㻌㻹㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㻲㼕㼑㼘㼐㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻞㻜㻞㻝㻜㻜㻠㻶㻻㻴㼆㻭㻷㻵㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼚㻌㼎㼑㼍㼙㻌㼏㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘㻌㼟㼏㼔㼑㼙㼑㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼗㼕㼘㼛㻙㼠㼑㼟㼘㼍㻙㼏㼘㼍㼟㼟㻌㼟㼑㼘㼒㻙㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼑㼐㻙㼞㼑㼟㼕㼟㼠㼕㼢㼑㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐㼟㼀㼛㼙㼛㼥㼡㼗㼕㻌㻶㻻㻴㼆㻭㻷㻵㻴㼕㼞㼛㼟㼔㼕㼙㼍㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌䞉㻌㻳㼞㼍㼐㼡㼍㼠㼑㼟㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㼐㼢㼍㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌㼟㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㼑㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻼㻚㻞㻣㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻞㻶㻵㻰㼍㼠㼍㻌㼍㼚㼍㼘㼥㼟㼕㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼘㼛㼣㻙㼎㼑㼠㼍㻌㼞㼑㼏㼛㼚㼚㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼎㼥㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㼑㼐㻌㼏㼍㼜㼍㼏㼕㼠㼛㼞㻌㼏㼛㼕㼘㼟㻴㼍㼚㼠㼍㼛㻌㻶㼕㻼㼞㼕㼚㼏㼑㼠㼛㼚㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻞㻤㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻠㻺㻵㻿㻴㻵㼁㻯㻴㻵㻵㼚㼢㼑㼟㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼒㼛㼞㼙㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼑㼐㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㼘㼥㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼓㼑㼐㻌㼔㼑㼍㼢㼥㻌㼕㼛㼚㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㼟㻺㼕㼟㼔㼕㼡㼏㼔㼕䚷㻹㼍㼙㼕㼗㼛

㻽㻿㼀

㻼㻚㻞㻥

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻣㼀㻭㻳㼁㻯㻴㻵㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼎㼑㼠㼣㼑㼑㼚㻌㼡㼘㼠㼞㼍㻙㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㼟㼀㼛㼟㼔㼕㼔㼕㼞㼛㻌㼀㼍㼓㼡㼏㼔㼕᪥ᮏཎᏊຊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓᩔ㈡⥲ྜ◊✲㛤Ⓨ䝉䞁䝍䞊㻼㻚㻟㻜㔞Ꮚ䝡䞊䝮⛉Ꮫ㻌㻌㻽㼡㼍㼚㼠㼡㼙㻌㻮㼑㼍㼙㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻝㻠㻭㻾㻵㻷㻭㼃㻭㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼜㼛㼘㼍㼞㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌㼚㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼜㼞㼛㼛㼒㻌㼛㼒㻌㼜㼞㼕㼚㼏㼕㼜㼘㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐㻌㼙㼑㼍㼟㼡㼞㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼅㼍㼟㼡㼚㼛㼎㼡㻌㻭㼞㼕㼗㼍㼣㼍኱㜰኱Ꮫ䝺䞊䝄䞊⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻟㻝㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻞㻜㼅㻻㻳㻻㻎㻰㼥㼚㼍㼙㼕㼏㻌㻺㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㻌㻭㼚㼍㼘㼥㼟㼕㼟㻎㻌㼑㼚㼍㼎㼘㼕㼚㼓㻌㼟㼕㼚㼓㼘㼑㻙㼟㼔㼛㼠㻌㼙㼑㼍㼟㼡㼞㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼚㼡㼏㼘㼑㼕వㄒぬᩥ䠄㜰኱䠅኱㜰኱Ꮫ䝺䞊䝄䞊⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻟㻞㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻞㻜㻞㻜㻜㻜㻝㻹㻵㻾㻲㻭㼅㼆㻵㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㻯㼛㼘㼐㻛㼀㼔㼑㼞㼙㼍㼘㻌㻺㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㻦㻌㻭㼏㼠㼕㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻾㼍㼐㼕㼛㼓㼞㼍㼜㼔㼥㻌㻭㼜㼜㼘㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻹㼕㼞㼒㼍㼥㼦㼕㻘㻌㻿㼑㼥㼑㼐㻌㻾㼑㼦㼍㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻞㻜㻞㻜㻜㻜㻞㻷㻾㻵㻿㻴㻺㻭㻹㼁㻾㼀㻴㼅㻮㼞㼕㼓㼔㼠㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼤㻙㼞㼍㼥㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼚㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㻌㼟㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㼘㼕㼝㼡㼕㼐㻌㼙㼕㼏㼞㼛㻙㼏㼘㼡㼟㼠㼑㼞㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠㻌㼢㼕㼍㼟㼠㼞㼛㼚㼓㻌㼟㼔㼛㼏㼗㻌㼣㼍㼢㼑㼟㻷㼞㼕㼟㼔㼚㼍㼙㼡㼞㼠㼔㼥㻹㼍㼚㼏㼔㼕㼗㼍㼚㼠㼕

㻼㻚㻟㻟
㼀㻵㻲㻾

㻼㻚㻟㻠

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻢㻴㻵㻳㻭㻿㻴㻵㻳㼁㻯㻴㻵㻾㼑㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㻰㻞㻻㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻙㼞㼑㼜㼑㼠㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼝㼡㼍㼚㼠㼡㼙㻌㼎㼑㼍㼙㻌㼟㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑 㼀㼍㼗㼑㼟㼔㼕㻌㻴㼕㼓㼍㼟㼔㼕㼓㼡㼏㼔㼕Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ䞉ᕤᏛ㒊㻼㻚㻟㻡㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻟㻭㻮㻱㻿㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼛㼚㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼞㼑㼜㼑㼠㼕㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㼜㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼍㼏㼏㼑㼘㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼘㼕㼝㼡㼕㼐㻌㼖㼑㼠㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠㼟㼅㼡㼗㼕㻌㻭㼎㼑

኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻼㻚㻟㻢㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻜㻴㻭㼀㻭㻵㼛㼚㼕㼦㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼜㼔㼥㼟㼕㼏㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼠㼟㻌㼏㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘㻌㼛㼚㻌㼡㼘㼠㼞㼍㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼏㼏㼑㼘㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻹㼍㼟㼍㼥㼍㼟㼡㻌㻴㼍㼠㼍㻷㼍㼚㼟㼍㼕㻌㻼㼔㼛㼠㼛㼚㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻘㻺㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻽㼡㼍㼚㼠㼡㼙㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻼㻚㻟㻣㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻞㻵㼃㻭㻹㻻㼀㻻㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㼟㼛㼘㼕㼐㻌㼐㼑㼡㼠㼑㼞㼕㼡㼙㻌㼒㼛㼕㼘㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠㻌㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼚㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻭㼗㼕㼒㼡㼙㼕㻌㻵㼣㼍㼙㼛㼠㼛᰾⼥ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻟㻤㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻣㻴㻭㼅㻭㻷㻭㼃㻭㻿㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼠㼑㼘㼘㼍㼞㻌㼚㼡㼏㼘㼑㼛㼟㼥㼚㼠㼔㼑㼟㼕㼟㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼚㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㼟㼀㼍㼗㼑㼔㼕㼠㼛㻌㻴㼍㼥㼍㼗㼍㼣㼍㔞Ꮚ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ䞉ᮾᾏ㔞Ꮚ䝡䞊䝮ᛂ⏝◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊㻼㻚㻟㻥䝥䝷䝈䝬⛉Ꮫ㻌㻌㻼㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻜㻥㻲㼁㻶㻵㻻㻷㻭㼀㼍㼕㼘㼛㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼢㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㻼㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㻹㼡㼘㼠㼕㻙㻼㼕㼏㼛㻙㻿㼑㼏㼛㼚㼐㻌㼀㼕㼙㼑㻌㻿㼏㼍㼘㼑 㻿㼔㼕㼚㼟㼡㼗㼑㻌㻲㼡㼖㼕㼛㼗㼍኱㜰኱Ꮫ䝺䞊䝄䞊⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻠㻜㻞㻜㻞㻞㻭㻝㻙㻜㻞㻝㻿㻴㻵㻳㻱㻹㻻㻾㻵㻾㼑㼢㼕㼟㼕㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼍㼎㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼟㼏㼍㼘㼕㼚㼓㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼕㼞㼞㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻷㼑㼕㼟㼡㼗㼑㻌㻿㼔㼕㼓㼑㼙㼛㼞㼕㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻘㻻㼟㼍㼗㼍㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻠㻝㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻝㻯㻭㻹㻼㻻㻿㻰㼑㼜㼑㼚㼐㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㼕㼏㼔㼠㼙㼥㼑㼞㻙㻹㼑㼟㼔㼗㼛㼢㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌㼓㼞㼛㼣㼠㼔㻌㼛㼚㻌㼓㼍㼟㻌㼏㼛㼙㼜㼞㼑㼟㼟㼕㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻲㼞㼍㼚㼏㼕㼟㼏㼛㻌㻯㼛㼎㼛㼟㻯㼍㼙㼜㼛㼟

㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㻯㼍㼟㼠㼕㼘㼘㼍㻙㻸㼍㻌㻹㼍㼚㼏㼔㼍㻼㻚㻠㻞㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻢㻵㻺㼁㻮㼁㻿㻴㻵㻿㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌㼟㼠㼍㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼑㻙㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻙㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼑㼐㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼒㼑㼙㼠㼛㼟㼑㼏㼛㼚㼐㻌㼄㻙㼞㼍㼥㼅㼡㼕㼏㼔㼕㻌㻵㼚㼡㼎㼡㼟㼔㼕㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼟㼏㼛㼜㼥බ┈㈈ᅋἲே㧗㍤ᗘග⛉Ꮫ◊✲䝉㻼㻚㻠㻟䞁䝍䞊䚷㼄㻲㻱㻸฼⏝◊✲᥎㐍ᐊ㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻤㻿㻱㻺㼀㻻㻷㼁㻿㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼕㼟㼛㼏㼔㼛㼞㼕㼏㻌㼔㼑㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼜㼔㼥㼟㼕㼏㼟㻌㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼎㼥㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼄㻲㻱㻸㼅㼍㼟㼡㼔㼕㼗㼛㻌㻿㼑㼚㼠㼛㼗㼡㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻘㻻㼟㼍㼗㼍㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻠㻠㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻥㻿㻱㻺㼀㻻㻷㼁㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㻌㼜㼔㼛㼠㼛㼚㻌㼟㼏㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㼘㻌㼕㼚㻌㼚㼛㼚㻙㼠㼔㼑㼞㼙㼍㼘㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㼟㻌㼕㼚㼅㼍㼟㼡㼔㼕㼗㼛㻌㻿㼑㼚㼠㼛㼗㼡㻼㻵㻯㻸㻿㻌㼏㼛㼐㼑㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻘㻻㼟㼍㼗㼍㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻠㻡㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻜㻵㼃㻭㼀㻭㼀㼔㼑㼛㼞㼑㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼟㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼛㼚㻌㼜㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼍㼏㼏㼑㼘㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼑㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㼟㻌㼏㼞㼑㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼎㼥㻺㼍㼠㼟㼡㼙㼕㻌㻵㼣㼍㼠㼍㼗㻶㻌㼏㼘㼍㼟㼟㻌㼡㼘㼠㼞㼍㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㼟኱㜰኱Ꮫ䞉㧗➼ඹ๰◊✲㝔㻼㻚㻠㻢㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻞㻹㻻㻾㻵㻵㼚㼢㼑㼟㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼣㼍㼢㼑㻌㼜㼞㼛㼜㼍㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼎㼟㼛㼞㼜㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻌㼔㼑㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼏㼛㼡㼚㼠㼑㼞㻙㼕㼘㼘㼡㼙㼕㼚㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼜㼡㼘㼟㼑㼅㼛㼟㼔㼕㼠㼍㼗㼍㻌㻹㻻㻾㻵ග⏘ᴗ๰ᡂ኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ㻼㻚㻠㻣㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻥㻴㻵㻳㻭㻿㻴㻵㻳㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼜㼛㼚㼐㼑㼞㼛㼙㼛㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼚㼟㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼙㼡㼘㼠㼕㼜㼕㼏㼛㼟㼑㼏㼛㼚㼐㻌㼞㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼢㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㻙㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻺㼍㼛㼗㼕㻌㻴㻵㻳㻭㻿㻴㻵㻲㼍㼏㼡㼘㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻘㻌㻴㼛㼗㼗㼍㼕㼐㼛㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻛㻌໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤ
Ꮫ◊✲㝔

㻼㻚㻠㻤

䝔䝷䝦䝹䝒ග⛉Ꮫ㻌㻌㼀㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻜㻝㻻㻺㻻㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼎㼞㼛㼍㼐㼎㼍㼚㼐㻌㼍㼚㼠㼕㼞㼑㼒㼘㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㼀㻴㼦㻌㼞㼑㼓㼕㼛㼚㻻㻺㻻㻌㻿㻴㻵㻺㻳㻻ྡྂᒇᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ䞉ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻼㻚㻠㻥㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻜㻟㻹㻭㼀㻿㼁㻵㼀㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼒㼍㼟㼠㻌㼟㼣㼕㼠㼏㼔㼕㼚㼓㻌㼡㼠㼕㼘㼕㼦㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼞㼓㼍㼚㼕㼏㻌㼟㼑㼙㼕㼏㼛㼚㼐㼡㼏㼠㼛㼞㼟㼀㼍㼠㼟㼡㼚㼛㼟㼡㼗㼑㻌㻹㼍㼠㼟㼡㼕୕㔜኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᕤᏛᑓᨷ

㻼㻚㻡㻜㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻜㻢㻭㻿㻭㻷㻭㼃㻭㻿㼙㼕㼠㼔㻙㻼㼡㼞㼏㼑㼘㼘㻌㼞㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼑㼙㼕㼠㼠㼑㼐㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼍㻌㼒㼑㼙㼠㼛㼟㼑㼏㼛㼚㼐㻌㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼚㻌㼎㼡㼚㼏㼔㻚㻹㼍㼗㼛㼠㼛㻌㻭㼟㼍㼗㼍㼣㼍㻷㼍㼚㼟㼍㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㻲㼍㼏㼡㼘㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻼㻚㻡㻝㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻜㻣㼀㻭㻺㻵㻿㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼛㼚㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻙㼑㼒㼒㼕㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㼠㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼣㼍㼢㼑㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼎㼥㻌㼙㼑㼠㼍㼘㼘㼕㼏㻌㼟㼜㼕㼚㼠㼞㼛㼚㼕㼏㻌㼐㼑㼢㼕㼏㼑㼟㻹㼍㼟㼍㼔㼕㼗㼛㻌㼀㼍㼚㼕⚟஭኱Ꮫ䞉㐲㉥እ㡿ᇦ㛤Ⓨ◊✲䝉
䞁䝍䞊

㻼㻚㻡㻞

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻜㻥㻹㻭㻾㼁㼅㻭㻹㻭㼀㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼟㼏㼛㼜㼥㻌㼕㼐㼑㼚㼠㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼙㼍㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼒㻌㼎㼕㼛㼙㼕㼚㼑㼞㼍㼘㻌㼏㼞㼥㼟㼠㼍㼘㻌㼜㼛㼘㼥㼙㼛㼞㼜㼔㼟㻹㼕㼔㼛㼗㼛㻌㻹㼍㼞㼡㼥㼍㼙㼍኱㜰኱Ꮫ㧗➼ඹ๰◊✲㝔㻛኱Ꮫ㝔
ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉

㻼㻚㻡㻟

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻝㻜㻷㻭㼃㻭㼅㻭㻹㻭㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼡㼘㼠㼞㼍㻙㼒㼍㼟㼠㻌㼠㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼣㼍㼢㼑㻌㼙㼑㼍㼟㼡㼞㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼙㼑㼍㼟㼡㼞㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼛㼒㻌㼏㼛㼚㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼠㼔㼑㼞㼙㼛㼐㼥㼚㼍㼙㼕㼏㻌㼒㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻵㼣㼍㼛㻌㻷㼍㼣㼍㼥㼍㼙㼍ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊⛉Ꮫ◊㻼㻚㻡㻠✲⛉㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻡㻸㻱㻱㻭㼜㼜㼘㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌㼀㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻼㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼚㻌㻔㻿㼑㼕㼓㼍㼕㼔㼍㻌㻼㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼚㻕㻌㼠㼛㻌㼀㻴㼦㻙㻿㻾㻾㻌㻼㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞㼚 㻿㼍㼚㼓㻙㻿㼑㼛㼗㻌㻸㼑㼑㫽ྲྀ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ẽ᝟ሗ⣔Ꮫ⛉㻼㻚㻡㻡㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻢㻷㻭㻺㼁㼘㼠㼞㼍㼒㼍㼟㼠㻌㼐㼑㼠㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼕㼏㻌㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐㻌㼕㼚㼐㼡㼏㼑㼐㻌㼎㼥㻌㼝㼡㼍㼚㼠㼡㼙㻌㼎㼑㼍㼙㻷㼛㼕㼏㼔㼕㻌㻷㼍㼚኱㜰኱Ꮫ⏘ᴗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻡㻢㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻡㻷㼁㼃㻭㻿㻴㻵㻹㻭㼟㼕㼙㼡㼘㼠㼍㼚㼑㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼏㼔㼍㼛㼟㻌㼠㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓㼔㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼠㼑㼚㼚㼍䜽䝽䝅䝬䚷䝣䝭䝶䝅⚟஭ᕤᴗ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㻼㻚㻡㻣㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻣㻹㻭㻷㻵㻺㻻㼀㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼍㼏㼠㼑㼞㼕㼦㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼙㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼜㼛㼟㼠㻌㻡㻳㻛㻢㻳㻌㼠㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼕㼑㼟㻷㼛㼠㼍㼞㼛㻌㻹㼍㼗㼕㼚㼛⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ䞉䝕䝞䜲䝇ᢏ⾡◊✲㒊㛛㻼㻚㻡㻤㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻡㻹㻻㻾㻵㼀㻭㻿㼜㼕㼚㻌㼙㼍㼚㼕㼜㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼀㻴㼦㻌㼜㼡㼘㼟㼑㻷㼑㼚㻌㻹㼛㼞㼕㼠㼍㻯㼔㼕㼎㼍㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻡㻥㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻢㻺㻭㻿㻴㻵㻹㻭㻲㼍㼎㼞㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼙㼑㼠㼍㼘㻌㼔㼛㼘㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼟㼔㼍㼞㼜㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼙㼕㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㼞㼍㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼞㼑㼓㼕㼛㼚⳯ᔱⱱ႐኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫ

㻼㻚㻢㻜㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻥㻿㻭㻸㼂㻭㻰㻻㻾㻾㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼐㼍㼙㼍㼓㼑㻌㼕㼚㼢㼑㼟㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼛㼚㻌㻹㻮㻱㻙㼓㼞㼛㼣㼚㻌㻳㼍㻭㼟㻛㻿㼕㻌㼑㼜㼕㼘㼍㼥㼑㼞㼟㻭㼞㼚㼑㼘㻌㻭㻌㻿㼍㼘㼢㼍㼐㼛㼞㻺㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻼㼔㼥㼟㼕㼏㼟㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻼㼔㼕㼘㼕㼜㼜㼕㼚㼑㼟㻙㻰㼕㼘㼕㼙㼍㼚

㻼㻚㻢㻝㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻟㻷㻻㻮㻭㼅㻭㻿㻴㻵㻿㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㻰㼑㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼙㼕㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼀㼞㼕㼠㼕㼡㼙㻌㼕㼚㻌㻾㼍㼐㼕㼛㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㼃㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㼁㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼞㼍㼔㼑㼞㼠㼦㻌㼍㼚㼐㼁㼘㼠㼞㼍㼢㼕㼛㼘㼑㼠㻌㻸㼕㼓㼔㼠㻷㼍㼛㼞㼕㻌㻷㼛㼎㼍㼥㼍㼟㼔㼕ᐩᒣ኱Ꮫ䞉Ꮫ⾡◊✲㒊⌮Ꮫ⣔㻼㻚㻢㻞㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻠㻷㼁㼃㻭㻿㻴㻵㻹㻭㻸㼛㼣㻌㼏㼛㼟㼠㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼠㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌㻯㼃㻙㼀㻴㼦㻌㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼟㼏㼛㼜㼥㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼢㼛㼘㼏㼍㼚㼕㼏㻌㼍㼟㼔㻲㼡㼙㼕㼥㼛㼟㼔㼕㻌㻷㼡㼣㼍㼟㼔㼕㼙㼍㻲㼡㼗㼡㼕㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㻚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㻚㻼㻚㻢㻟䝟䝽䞊䝺䞊䝄䞊⛉Ꮫ㻌㻌㻼㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻤㻿㻭㻿㻭㻷㻵㻿㼠㼍㼠㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼟㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼛㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼙㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼠㼟㻌㼍㼜㼜㼘㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻭㼗㼕㼞㼍㻌㻿㼍㼟㼍㼗㼕㔞Ꮚ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ䞉㛵すග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻢㻠㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻟㻲㼁㻶㻵㼀㻭㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㼛㼚㻌㼐㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻘㻌㼏㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘㻘㻌㼍㼜㼜㼘㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼝㼡㼍㼚㼠㼡㼙㻌㼎㼑㼍㼙㻌㼟㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㼟㻹㼍㼟㼍㼥㼡㼗㼕㻌㻲㼡㼖㼕㼠㼍䝺䞊䝄䞊ᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻢㻡㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻣㻷㻭㻺㻭㻮㻱㻵㼙㼜㼞㼛㼢㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻸㻲㻱㼄㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻚㻷㻭㻺㻭㻮㻱㻌㼀㼍㼐㼍㼟㼔㼕⚟஭኱Ꮫ㻌Ꮫ⾡◊✲㝔㻌ᕤᏛ⣔㒊㛛㻼㻚㻢㻢㟁Ẽ䞉㟁ᏊᕤᏛㅮᗙ

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻢㻜㻺㻭㻷㻭㻹㼁㻾㻭㻻㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼕㼙㼍㼓㼑㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼒㼑㼞㻌㼎㼥㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㻌㼙㼡㼘㼠㼕㼙㼛㼐㼑㻌㼒㼕㼎㼑㼞㼀㼛㼙㼛㼥㼍㻌㻺㼍㼗㼍㼙㼡㼞㼍⏘ᴗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻢㻣ගᏛᮦᩱ㻌㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻒㻻㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻹㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻜㻞㻹㼁㻾㻭㼀㻭㻵㼙㼜㼞㼛㼢㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼚㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼍㼏㼠㼑㼞㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻼㼞㻟㻗㻙㼐㼛㼜㼑㼐㻌㼓㼘㼍㼟㼟㻌㼟㼏㼕㼚㼠㼕㼘㼘㼍㼠㼛㼞㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼚㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㼐㼑㼠㼑㼏㼠㼛㼞

㼀㼍㼗㼍㼔㼕㼞㼛㻌㻹㼡㼞㼍㼠㼍㻲㼍㼏㼡㼘㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㻭㼐㼢㼍㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻌㻷㼡㼙㼍㼙㼛㼠㼛㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻢㻤㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻜㻠㻾㻭㻰㼁㻮㻭㻺㻱㼤㼜㼘㼛㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌㼒㼍㼟㼠㻌㼡㼘㼠㼞㼍㼢㼕㼛㼘㼑㼠㻌㼏㼞㼛㼟㼟㻙㼘㼡㼙㼕㼚㼑㼟㼏㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼟㼏㼕㼚㼠㼕㼘㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼎㼍㼞㼕㼡㼙㻌㼒㼘㼡㼛㼞㼕㼐㼑㼏㼞㼥㼟㼠㼍㼘㻌㼡㼚㼐㼑㼞㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼜㼞㼑㼟㼟㼡㼞㼑㻹㼍㼞㼕㼘㼛㼡㻌㻯㼍㼐㼍㼠㼍㼘㻾㻭㻰㼁㻮㻭㻺

㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌㻺㼍㼠㼡㼞㼍㼘㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㼟㻘㻹㼍㼟㼟㼑㼥㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻢㻥㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻠㻲㼁㻶㻵㻹㻻㼀㻻㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼚㻌㼍㼐㼢㼍㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌㼒㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㼛㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼒㼕㼎㼑㼞㻌㼐㼑㼢㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼠㼟㻌㼍㼜㼜㼘㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼅㼍㼟㼡㼟㼔㼕㻌㻲㼁㻶㻵㻹㻻㼀㻻㻯㼔㼕㼎㼍㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻼㻚㻣㻜㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻞㻵㼃㻭㻿㻭㻸㼡㼙㼕㼚㼑㼟㼏㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼜㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼞㼍㼞㼑㻙㼑㼍㼞㼠㼔㻌㼐㼛㼜㼑㼐㻌㼙㼕㼤㼑㼐㻙㼍㼚㼕㼛㼚㻌㼏㼛㼙㼜㼛㼡㼚㼐㼟㼅㼡㼗㼕㻌㻵㼣㼍㼟㼍⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻣㻝㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻠㼅㻻㻿㻴㻵㻷㻭㼃㻭㻼㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㻻㼞㼓㼍㼚㼕㼏㻌㻲㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻯㼞㼥㼟㼠㼍㼘㼟㻌㼎㼥㻌㼁㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㻵㼚㼠㼑㼚㼟㼕㼢㼑㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㼟㻴㼕㼞㼛㼟㼔㼕㻌㼅㼛㼟㼔㼕㼗㼍㼣㼍኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉≀⌮
Ꮫ⣔ᑓᨷ

㻼㻚㻣㻞

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻢㻹㻻㻾㻵㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻙㼝㼡㼍㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼎㼛㼞㼍㼠㼑㻌㼏㼞㼥㼟㼠㼍㼘㼟㼅㼡㼟㼡㼗㼑㻌㻹㼛㼞㼕኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᕤᏛᑓᨷ

㻼㻚㻣㻟㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻤㻿㻭㻹㻿㻻㻺㼆㼚㻻㻌㻿㼥㼚㼠㼔㼑㼟㼕㼟㻌㻔㼢㼕㼍㻌㻿㼜㼞㼍㼥㻌㻼㼥㼞㼛㼘㼥㼟㼕㼟㻕㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻻㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻯㼔㼍㼞㼍㼏㼠㼑㼞㼕㼦㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻾㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻰㼑㼠㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㼂㼍㼘㼘㼑㼞㼕㼑㻌㻭㼚㼚㻌㻵㼚㼚㼕㼟㻿㼍㼙㼟㼛㼚

㻼㼔㼕㼘㼕㼜㼜㼕㼚㼑㻌㻺㼡㼏㼘㼑㼍㼞㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻼㻚㻣㻠㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻝㻭㻿㼁㻮㻭㻾㻼㻸㻌㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼟㼏㼛㼜㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼑㼤㻙㼟㼕㼠㼡㻌㼞㼑㼓㼞㼛㼣㼚㻌㻭㼘㻳㼍㻺㻌㼘㼍㼥㼑㼞㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼑㼚㼔㼍㼚㼏㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㻌㻳㼍㻺㻙㼎㼍㼟㼑㼐㻌㻹㻵㻿㻙㻴㻱㻹㼀㼟㻶㼛㼑㼘㻌㼀㻚㻌㻭㼟㼡㼎㼍㼞㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㻲㼡㼗㼡㼕㻼㻚㻣㻡㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻞㻷㼁㻾㻻㻿㻭㼃㻭㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼀㼞㼍㼚㼟㼜㼍㼞㼑㼚㼠㻌㻯㼑㼞㼍㼙㼕㼏㼟㻌㻵㻵㻵㻿㼔㼡㼚㼟㼡㼗㼑㻌㻷㼡㼞㼛㼟㼍㼣㼍ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ䞉ᮍ᮶⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ඹྠ◊✲
䝉䞁䝍䞊

㻼㻚㻣㻢

㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻡㼅㻻㻷㻻㼀㻭㻳㼞㼛㼣㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼑㼢㼍㼘㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼛㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼜㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼚㼛㼢㼑㼘㻌㼛㼤㼕㼐㼑㻌㼟㼕㼚㼓㼘㼑㻌㼏㼞㼥㼟㼠㼍㼘㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㼅㼡㼡㼕㻌㼅㼛㼗㼛㼠㼍㼙㼑㼘㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼜㼛㼕㼚㼠㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻹㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㼟㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻘㼀㼛㼔㼛㼗㼡㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻣㻣㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻡㻤㼁㻹㻱㻹㼁㻾㻭㻹㼑㼍㼟㼡㼞㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼞㼑㼒㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㼕㼚㼐㼕㼏㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼛㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼙㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼢㼍㼏㼡㼡㼙㻌㼁㼂㻺㼛㼎㼡㼔㼕㼞㼛㻌㼁㼙㼑㼙㼡㼞㼍බ❧༓ṓ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ䚷⌮ᕤᏛ㒊㻼㻚㻣㻤ᛂ⏝໬Ꮫ⏕≀Ꮫ⛉୍⯡ඹྠ◊✲㻌㻌㻳㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼘㻌㻿㼡㼎㼖㼑㼏㼠㼟㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻝㻙㻜㻜㻡㻴㻭㻮㻭㻾㻭㻹㼛㼐㼑㼘㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼒㻌㼙㼍㼓㼚㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐㻌㼏㼞㼑㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼢㼕㼍㻌㼞㼑㼟㼕㼟㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥㻌㼓㼞㼍㼐㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍 㻴㼕㼐㼑㼍㼗㼕㻌㻴㻭㻮㻭㻾㻭㻳㼞㼍㼐㼡㼍㼠㼑㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻘㻻㼟㼍㼗㼍㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻝㻲㼁㻾㼁㻷㻭㼃㻭㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼓㼞㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼟㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼏㼛㼐㼑㻌㼛㼚㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼜㼞㼛㼏㼑㼟㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼡㼘㼠㼞㼍㻌㼟㼔㼛㼞㼠㼜㼡㼘㼟㼑㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㼟㻚බ┈㈈ᅋἲே䝺䞊䝄䞊ᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ䚷⌮ㄽ䞉䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝏䞊䝮 㻼㻚㻤㻜㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻞㼀㻭㻺㻭㻮㻱㻱㼢㼍㼘㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼟㼜㼑㼏㼗㼘㼑㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼞㼑㼐㻘㻌㼓㼞㼑㼑㼚㻘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼘㼡㼑㻌㼏㼛㼘㼛㼞㼑㼐㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼘㼕㼓㼔㼠㻌㼟㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻹㼕㼚㼛㼞㼡㻌㼀㼍㼚㼍㼎㼑㼕㼠㼟㻌㼟㼡㼜㼞㼞㼑㼟㼕㼛㼚ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲே⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㻼㻚㻤㻝㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻟㻹㻭㼀㻿㼁㻻㻷㻭㻺㼛㼚㼘㼕㼚㼑㼍㼞㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㻌㼙㼡㼘㼠㼕㻙㼘㼍㼥㼑㼞㻌㼒㼘㼡㼕㼐㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼒㼍㼏㼑㼟㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻯㼔㼕㼔㼕㼞㼛㻌㻹㼍㼠㼟㼡㼛㼗㼍኱㜰ᕷ❧኱Ꮫ䞉኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㻼㻚㻤㻞㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻣㻴㻱㼅㻭㻿㼠㼡㼐㼥㻌㼛㼚㻌㼛㼜㼠㼕㼙㼕㼦㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼜㼑㼑㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌㼏㼛㼚㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻹㼍㼚㼍㼎㼡㻌㻴㼑㼥㼍኱㜰⏘ᴗ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᕤᏛ⛉㻼㻚㻤㻟㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻜㻥㻴㻵㻾㻻㻿㻱㻾㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻹㻴㻰㻌㼟㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㼏㼏㼞㼑㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼐㼕㼟㼗㼟㻿㼔㼕㼓㼑㼚㼛㼎㼡㻌㻴㼕㼞㼛㼟㼑㻯㼑㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻹㼍㼠㼔㼑㼙㼍㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㼍㼚㼐㻌㻭㼐㼢㼍㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻘㻶㻭㻹㻿㼀㻱㻯

㻼㻚㻤㻠㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻜㻻㻰㻭㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼞㼑㼍㼘㻙㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㼠㼍㼞㼓㼑㼠㻌㼏㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘㻌㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼍㼜㼜㼘㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼞㼑㼜㼑㼠㼕㼠㼕㼢㼑㻙㼜㼡㼘㼟㼑㼔㼕㼓㼔㻙㼜㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㼅㼍㼟㼡㼔㼕㼟㼍㻌㻻㼐㼍ᦤ༡኱Ꮫ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉㻼㻚㻤㻡㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻝㻠㻲㼁㻾㼁㼀㻭㼀㻴㼦㻌㼞㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼍㼎㼟㼛㼞㼜㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼜㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻯㻺㼀㻌㼒㼕㼘㼙㼟㻴㼕㼞㼛㼟㼔㼕㻌㻲㼡㼞㼡㼠㼍㧗▱ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ䞉䝅䝇䝔䝮ᕤᏛ⩌㻼㻚㻤㻢㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻝㻲㼁㻾㼁㻿㻱㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼜㼍㼞㼑㼚㼠㻌㼏㼑㼞㼍㼙㼕㼏㼟㻴㼕㼞㼛㼍㼗㼕㻌㻲㼡㼞㼡㼟㼑໭ぢᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ

㻼㻚㻤㻣㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻠㻿㻭㻺㻻㻰㼑㼏㼍㼥㻌㼕㼚㼟㼠㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼣㼔㼕㼟㼠㼘㼑㼞㻌㼣㼍㼢㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼟㼛㼘㼍㼞㻌㼣㼕㼚㼐㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㼟㼀㼍㼗㼍㼥㼛㼟㼔㼕㻌㻿㼍㼚㼛㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻼㻚㻤㻤㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻤㻷㻭㼃㻭㻹㼁㻾㻭㻲㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌㼜㼞㼕㼚㼏㼕㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌㼏㼍㼘㼏㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼛㼜㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㼞㼙㼍㼘㻌㼜㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻳㼍㻺㼀㼍㼗㼍㼔㼕㼞㼛㻌㻷㼍㼣㼍㼙㼡㼞㼍୕㔜኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ᶵᲔᕤᏛᑓᨷ

㻼㻚㻤㻥㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻞㻥㻹㻻㼀㻻㻷㻻㻿㻴㻵㻭㼐㼐㼕㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㼙㼍㼚㼡㼒㼍㼏㼠㼡㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼕㼘㼕㼏㼍㻌㼓㼘㼍㼟㼟㻌㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼎㼥㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼣㼞㼕㼠㼕㼚㼓㻿㼔㼕㼚㼖㼕㻌㻹㼛㼠㼛㼗㼛㼟㼔㼕㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻼㻚㻥㻜㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻝㻹㻭㻿㻭㻰㻭㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㼟㼡㼎㻙㼓㼞㼕㼐㻌㼟㼏㼍㼘㼑㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㼘㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼍㻌㼟㼠㼑㼘㼘㼍㼞㻌㼏㼛㼚㼢㼑㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼜㼛㼞㼠㼅㼛㼡㼔㼑㼕㻌㻹㻭㻿㻭㻰㻭ឡ▱ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫ䞉⌮⛉ᩍ⫱ㅮᗙ㻼㻚㻥㻝㻭㼠㼟㼡㼟㼔㼕㻌㻿㼡㼚㼍㼔㼍㼞㼍㻯㼑㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻹㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㼟㻌㼁㼚㼐㼑㼞㻱㼤㼠㼞㼑㼙㼑㻌㻱㼚㼢㼕㼞㼛㼚㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㻔㻯㻹㼁㼄㻱㻕㻘㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌㻺㼡㼏㼘㼑㼍㼞㻌㻱㼚㼓㼕㼚㼑㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻘㻼㼡㼞㼐㼡㼑㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻼㻚㻥㻞㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻟㻡㻿㼁㻺㻭㻴㻭㻾㻭㻺㼡㼙㼑㼞㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㼘㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼒㻌㼜㼘㼍㼟㼙㼍㻌㼒㼍㼏㼕㼚㼓㻌㼙㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㼟㻴㼕㼞㼛㼥㼡㼗㼕㻌㻲㼡㼞㼡㼗㼍㼣㼍㻼㻚㻣㻥㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻝㻻㼀㻭㻺㻵㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻹㻷㻵㻰㼟㻌㼐㼑㼠㼑㼏㼠㼛㼞㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼏㼛㼚㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼙㼑㼠㼍㼙㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㻯㼔㼕㼗㼛㻌㻻㼠㼍㼚㼕㻞㻜㻞㻞㻮㻞㻙㻜㻠㻟㻻㻳㻵㻺㻻㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼚㼛㼢㼑㼘㻌㼑㼤㼏㼕㼠㼛㼚㼕㼏㻌㼘㼡㼙㼕㼚㼑㼟㼏㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼙㼍㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㼟㻌㼎㼥㻌㼘㼍㼥㼑㼞㼑㼐㻌㼙㼕㼤㼑㼐㻙㼍㼚㼕㼛㼚㼏㼛㼙㼜㼛㼡㼚㼐㼟㻴㼕㼍㼞㼍㼗㼡㻌㻻㼓㼕㼚㼛㻞㻜㻞㻞㻯㻙㻜㻜㻝㻷㻻㻵㼆㼁㻹㻵㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼚㼑㼠㼞㼛㼚㻌㼞㼑㼟㼛㼚㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼙㼕㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼍㼘㼥㼟㼕㼟㻌㼡㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㻌㼘㼍㼟㼑㼞㼐㼞㼕㼢㼑㼚㻌㼚㼑㼡㼠㼞㼛㼚㻌㼟㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻹㼕㼠㼟㼡㼛㻌㻷㻻㻵㼆㼁㻹㻵ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲே⌮໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ䞉ග㔞ᏊᕤᏛ◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊䞉䝔䝷䝦䝹 㻼㻚㻥㻟䝒䜲䝯䞊䝆䞁䜾◊✲䝏䞊䝮⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ䚷䜶䝺䜽䝖䝻䝙䜽䝇䞉〇㐀㡿ᇦ䚷㟁Ꮚගᇶ♏ᢏ⾡◊ 㻼㻚㻥㻠✲㒊㛛᪥ᮏཎᏊຊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ䚷᰾୙ᣑᩓ䞉᰾䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱⥲ྜᨭ᥼䝉䞁㻼㻚㻥㻡䝍䞊䚷ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ᥎㐍ᐊ☢໬ࣉࣛࢬ࣐୰ࢆఏ᧛ࡍࡿ↓⾪✺⾪ᧁἼࡢ⏕ᡂᐇ㦂ᒣᓮ஢1,2, ⏣୰࿘ኴ1, బ⸨㞝㣕1, ሷ⏣⌔㔛1, ኱ᯘⰼ⧊1, ᇛᡤభዉ1, 㕥ᮌಇ㍜1, ▮಴ᙲ┿1, బ㔝Ꮥዲ2, Ụ㢌ಇ㍜2,
๓⏣ரభ2, 㕥ᮌᝆᩯ2, ⰼ㔝ṇᾈ2, ⶶ‶ᗣᾈ3, ༡༟ᾏ3, ቃ೺ኴ㑻3, ᯇΎಟ୍4, ㄴᒣ⩧ః4, ᳃⏣ኴᬛ4, 㧗ᶫ೺ኴ4,
ᮾຊஓ4, ᚸ⏣᪸ኴ㑻4, ୰ᒣᏛ4,๓அᅬถኵ4, ᮧᮏ⿱⪨4, 㔠ᐃຌᶞ4, ➉ᓮኴᬛ5, ᑠཱྀᣅဢ5, ᯇᒣ㞙5, 㔜⏣᐀᫂5,ᐩ⏣೺ኴ㑻6, Pan Yiming6, ኱す┤ᩥ7, ᱵ⏣㝯⾜8, ᫍ㔝┿ᘯ9, ኱ᖹ㇏9, ▼஭ᙬᏊ10 , ᆏ࿴ὒ୍21)㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ, 2)኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ, 3)኱㜰኱ᏛᕤᏛ◊✲⛉, 4)஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ, 5)ᐩᒣ኱Ꮫ,6)໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ, 7)ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ, 8)ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ, 9)ᮾி኱Ꮫ, 10)ᒣᙧ኱Ꮫ
SUMMARY㉸᪂ᫍṧ㧁࡞࡝࡟ᏑᅾࡍࡿᏱᐂࡢపᐦᗘ፹㉁୰
ࡢ☢໬↓⾪✺⾪ᧁἼࡢ⏕ᡂᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࢩࣙࢵ
ࢺ๓࡟❅⣲࢞ࢫ 1 Torrࢆᑒධࡋࠊእ㒊☢ሙࢆ࠿ࡅࠊ
࢔࣑࣭ࣝࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟⃭ගXIIྕHIPER࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ
↷ᑕࡋࡓࠋእ㒊☢ሙ3.9 Tࢆ༳ຍࡋࡓࢩࣙࢵࢺࢆ16ᅇ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࣉࣛࢬ࣐⮬Ⓨගࠊࢺ࣒ࢯ
ࣥᩓ஘ࠊB-dotィ ࡞࡝ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊእ㒊☢ሙ࡞ࡋࡢሙ
ྜࡸእ㒊☢ሙࡢྥࡁࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿィ ⤖ᯝࡢ㐪࠸ࢆㄆࡵࡓࠋ≉࡟ࠊ࢔࣑ࣝࣉࣛࢬ࣐࡜❅⣲ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢቃ⏺㠃ࡢ୙Ᏻᐃᛶࡢ㉳ࡇࡿሙᡤࡀࠊ☢ሙࡢᴟᛶࢆ࠿࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛཯ᑐ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ(FIG)ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
࢔࣑ࣝࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡀࣅ࢔࣐ࣥ㐣⛬࡟ࡼࡾ☢໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋࠊࣅ࢔࣐ࣥ㐣⛬ࡀ⾪ᧁἼ⏕ᡂ࡟
FIG. ⮬Ⓨගィ ⤖ᯝࠋእ㒊☢ሙࡣィ ど㔝(⣬㠃)࡟ᆶ┤࠾࠸୍࡚ᙺࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ
࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (y᪉ྥ)ࠋྑୖࡣ⫼ᬒ☢ሙࡢ࡞࠸ሙྜࡢ
࡞࠸ࠋ⤖ᯝࠋቃ⏺㠃ࡢἼᡴࡕᵓ㐀ࡢ఩⨨ࡀࠊ⫼ᬒ☢ሙࢆ཯㌿ࡍࡿ࡜ୖୗ཯ᑐ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࠋ-9-Radiative shocks as star progenitors
Y. Benkadoum1, B. Albertazzi1, G. Rigon1, Y. Sakawa2, A. Dearling2, F. Lefevre1, M. Koenig1
1 LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
2 Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanSUMMARY

The interaction of strong RS with structures andinhomogeneities of the ISM is a central problem inastrophysics. We performed a study on the effects ofradiation when a RS interacts with an object mimicking
a dense clump in the ISM.
The goal of the experiment was to study first theinteraction of a radiative shock (RS) as a function of thedensity ratio between the obstacle and the shock (factorof 1000), second the modification of the RS structurewith respect to the initial gas density. In the transverse
direction to the propagation of the radiative shock, we
implemented a large array of visible diagnostics tomeasure as much as possible variables. Both studies
were successful, as shown in figure 1. For next
experiment, we will combine RS and external magnetic
field to be closer to the astrophysics conditions.

Fig. 1. On the left, an example of a comparison
between the obstacle ablation due to radiation of the shock
for a 150 mbar of xenon (green crosses), data from a 2D
FLASH simulation (black squares) and our theoreticalmodel (dotted colored curves) for different shock
temperatures. Right picture is a typical example of result
given by the streak camera of the shadowgraphy diagnostic.

- 10 -

Long time evolution of magnetized plasma shock generated by high power laser
S. Matsukiyo1, S. Isayama1, T. Morita1, T. Takezaki2, R. Yamazaki3, S. J. Tanaka3, Y. Kuramitsu4, K. Tomita5, T. Sano6, R.
Higashi1, K. Takahashi1, K. Oshida1, G. Nakayama1, Y. Maezono1, Y. Muramoto1, K. Kanesada1, T. Oguchi2, H.
Matsuyama2, M. Shigeta2, Y. Sato3, J. Shiota3, K. Obayashi3, Y. Kidokoro3, S. Suzuki3, S. Yakura3, T. Minami4, K. Sakai4,
P. Yiming5, S. Egashira6, K. Maeda6, Y. Suzuki6, M. Hanano6, Y. Sakawa6
1) Kyushu University, 2) University of Toyama, 3) Aoyama Gakuin University, 4) Osaka University,5) Hokkaido University, 6) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University
SUMMARY
Long time evolution (> 100 ns) of a collisionlessshock propagating in a magnetized nitrogen gas plasma
is formed by irradiating an aluminum target plate
surrounded by 5 Torr nitrogen gas with Gekko XII laser.
We used a number of laser conditions with different
pulse duration and laser energy to search preferentialconditions for long time driving of a supercritical shock(MA > 3). We could drive a supercritical shock up to~140 ns when a pulse duration is 5.2 ns and laser
energy is 5.6 kJ (3.42E13 W/cm2). We could also
capture shock propagation up to ~230 ns by making thesize of magnetic coil large so that the field of view of
optical measurements is expanded. We further observedthat global profile of a shock after t > 100 ns varies
depending on the laser energy. A collimated clump of
the leading edge of the shock is seen for 3 beam shots.
A blunt shock is formed for 6 beam shots. Spatial
oscillation of shock surface is seen for 12 beam shots.

Experimental setup

Snapshot of self-emission at ‫ = ݐ‬110 ns

FIG. The upper panels show experimental setup. The lower
panels denote GOI images of self-emission at ‫ = ݐ‬110 ns fordifferent laser energy (same intensity): (left) 1.4 kJ, (middle)
2.8 kJ, (right) 5.6 kJ, respectively.

- 11 -

Demonstration of ultra-high intensity LFEX with Hyperbolic Plasma Mirror for generation ofRelativistic Electromagnetic Shock and near-relativistic ion beams
Morace1, Y. Arikawa2, Y. Sakawa1, H. Chen2, R. Wilson2, P. McKenna2, R. Gray3,
1) Institute of Laser Engineering , Japan, 2) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,US 3) University of Strathclyde,
UK
SUMMARY(a)(b)

Achieving extreme laser intensities (I>5x1020 W/cm2)
on a kJ-class, picosecond laser system would open a
new regime in laser plasma interaction, withapplications to experimental astrophysics, ion-based
Fast Ignition research and for the development of > 100
MeV/nucleon ion sources.

(c)This experiment represents the first attempt atincreasing the LFEX laser intensity using Ellipsoidal
Plasma Mirrors provided by co-investigators at the
University of Strathclyde.
Experimental results show that high intensity wasachieved but no ions were generated due to LFEX
uncompressed light irradiating the mirror and target
before the main pulse.
We nevertheless generated ultra-relativistic electrons
from (expanded) 1 um Al foil, indicating that high
LFEX intensity was achieved with the Ellipsoidal
Plasma Mirror.

(a) Schematic of the Ellipsoidal Plasma Mirror used in theexperiment, (b) EPM and RCF stack mounted on the LFEX
Laser right after shot (c) Ultra-relativistic electrons obtained in
two shots and recorded on the Radio-Chromic Film stack.

- 12 -

ኳయ⌧㇟࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿᘪ≧⾪ᧁἼࡢᵓ㐀࡜☢Ẽ෌⤖ྜࡢᶍᨃᐇ㦂⏣୰࿘ኴ1,2㸪ⶶ‶ᗣᾈ2㸪ቃ೺ኴ㑻2㸪ᒣᓮ஢1,2㸪ᯇΎಟ୍3㸪᳃⏣ኴᬛ3㸪ᘯ୰㝧୍㑻2㸪ㄴᒣ⩧ః3㸪Ᏻಸຬ㍤2㸪
␜┿㈼஧4㸪ᯇᮏோ5㸪ᗉ⏣᐀ே6㸪బ⸨㞝㣕1㸪ሷ⏣⌔⌮1㸪኱ᯘⰼ⧊1㸪ᇛᡤభዉ1㸪㕥ᮌಇ㍜1㸪▮಴ᙲ┿1㸪బ㔝
Ꮥዲ2㸪Ụ㢌ಇ㍜2㸪๓⏣ரభ2㸪㕥ᮌᝆᩯ2㸪ⰼ㔝ṇᾈ2㸪༡༟ᾏ2㸪಴ᮏᜤㄋ2㸪㧗ᶫ೺ኴ3㸪ᮾຊஓ3㸪ᚸ⏣᪸ኴ㑻3㸪
୰ᒣᏛ3㸪๓அᅬถኵ3㸪ᮧᮏ⿱⪨3㸪㔠ᐃຌᶞ3㸪➉ᓮኴᬛ7㸪ᑠཱྀᣅဢ7㸪ᯇᒣ㞙7㸪㔜⏣᐀᫂7㸪ᐩ⏣೺ኴ㑻8㸪
Pan Yiming 8㸪኱す┤ᩥ4㸪ᱵ⏣㝯⾜9㸪኱ᖹ㇏6㸪▼஭ᙬᏊ10㸪ᆏ࿴ὒ୍21) 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸪3) ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ㸪4) ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ㸪5) ៞ᛂ⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ㸪2) 6) ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸪7) ᐩᒣ኱Ꮫ㸪8) ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ㸪9) ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ㸪9) ᒣᙧ኱ᏛSUMMARY
ᅗa࡟Alࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟⃭ගXIIྕ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ฟࡿ࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢᄇࡁฟࡍ
ඛ࡟Წ≧ࡢ㞀ᐖ≀ࢆタ⨨ࡋ㸪㉸㡢㏿ࡢࣉࣛࢬ࣐ὶ
ࡀసࡿᘼ≧⾪ᧁἼࡢᙧ≧ࢆほ ࡍࡿ㸬 Alࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ⿬㠃࡟☢▼ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪Alࣉࣛࢬ࣐☢໬ࡍࡿ(ᅗb)㸬
Წࢆᅇࡾ㎸ࡴࣉࣛࢬ࣐ὶࡀసࡿᘼ≧⾪ᧁἼࡢ᫬㛫Ⓨᒎࡢィ ⤖ᯝࡀᅗc (0-5 ns), d (60-65 ns), e (140145 ns)࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗc-e࡛ࡣᕥ࠿ࡽྑ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࣉࣛ
ࢬ࣐ὶࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᅇ㌿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ௚࡟B-dotィ ࡟ࡼࡿ࿘㎶ࡢ☢ሙࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬ࡶィ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ⿬㠃ࡢ☢▼ࡢ㓄఩࡟ࡼࡿ⾪ᧁἼࡢᙧ≧ࡢ㐪࠸ࡸ㸪☢ሙࡢ᫬㛫Ⓨᒎࡢ㐪࠸ࡀほ ࡉࢀࡓ㸬a: ᐇ㦂ࡢࢭࢵࢺ࢔ࢵࣉ㸬Alᕥ࠿ࡽGXII࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ↷ᑕࡋ㸪
Alࣉࣛࢬ࣐࡜ࣟࢵࢻࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆィ ࡍࡿ㸬b: ᐇ㦂ᶍᘧ
ᅗ㸬Alࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢᚋ㠃࡟☢▼ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪Alࣉࣛࢬ࣐☢໬ࡍࡿ㸬

- 13 -

Experimental investigation on the magnetic reconnections driven by electron dynamics
N. Bolouki1, K. Sakai2, T. Minami2, Y. Abe2, F. Nikaido2, T. Taguchi2, K. Himeno2, S. Suzuki2, R. Matsuura2,
K. Kuramoto2, T. Yasui2, T. Tanaka2, Y. Sakai2, T. Pikuz2, N. Ozaki2, Y. Sakawa2, M. Hanano2, S. Fujioka2, Y. Arikawa2,
A. Morace2, W. Y. Woon3, C. M. Chu3, C. S. Jao3, Y. L. Liu4, Y. Fukuda5, T. Hayakawa5, M. Kanasaki6, T. Morita7,
Y. Muramoto7, T. Moritaka8, H. S. Kumar9, N. Ohnishi9, Y. Okada10, G. Gregori10, and Y. Kuramitsu2
1) Masaryk University, Czech Republic, 2) Osaka University, Japan, 3) National Central University, Taiwan, 4) National
Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, 5) KPSI QST, Japan, 6) Kobe University, Japan, 7) Kyushu University, Japan, 8) NIFS,
Japan, 9) Tohoku University, Japan, 10) University of Oxford, UK
SUMMARY
We have been experimentally investigating themagnetic reconnections driven by electron dynamics.
So far, we have reported formation of cusp andplasmoid, which propagates at the Alfven velocity
defined by electron mass with global imaging of plasma
structures. Using local diagnostics, we also clarified thepure electron outflows, magnetic field inversion, andwhistler waves. The final piece to complete theexperimental investigation of the magnetic reconnection
in electron scale is the imaging of the global magnetic
structure. The objective of this research is to establish
magnetic field reconstruction using ion radiographyusing large-area suspended graphene (LSG), solid-state
nuclear track detectors (SSNTD), and artificial
intelligence. We show here the preliminary results
demonstrating the waves in the laser-produced plasma.

FIG. (a) Mechanical drawing of the experimental setup. Three
GXII beams (green) irradiate the Al planer target to produce afast directional plasma flow, and one GXII beam from the top
also irradiates the Al slab target on the bottom to create twoplasma interaction. LFEX laser (red) irradiates an LSG target
with defocused intensity. The accelerated ions are detectedwith SSNTD. (b) Ion radiograph at 10 ns from GXII laser
irradiation (partial image) shows wave-like structures.

- 14 -

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ࣕԿϕϧθϜ஦Ͷ͕͜Ζଲ޴ഀΝཤ༽ཽͪ͢ࢢՅଐͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ‫ڂݜ‬ࣕԿϕϧθϜ஦Ͷ͕͜Ζଲ޴ഀΝཤ༽ཽͪ͢ࢢՅଐͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ‫ڂݜ‬ؐࢃ ᠵ‫ޖ‬1, নੜ रҲ1, ࠦ໼

1.

޻޹2۟य୉ָ૱߻ཀྵ޽ָ‫ڂݜ‬Ӆ, 2. ୉ࡗ୉ָϪʖδʖՌָ‫ॶڂݜ‬ΉͳΌຌ‫ڂݜ‬͹໪దͺ߶ΦϋϩάʖӋநત͹ՅଐϟΩωθϞ͹մ໎Ͳ͍ΖɽըʓͺࣕԿϕϧθϜ஦Νଲ޴ఽ
൘ͤΖ2ͯ͹୉৾෱ഀಊͶΓΖཽࢢՅଐΝɼ৿͢͏߶
ްི͵ӋநતՅଐ‫ߑؽ‬͹ޫึͳ͢ͱ఑Ҍ͢ͱ͏Ζɽຌ೧ౕͺຌՅଐ‫Ͳߑؽ‬ಚΔΗΖཽࢢ͹࠹୉Φϋϩάʖͳഀ͹৾෱͹ᮤ஍Νཀྵ࿨దͶ಍ड़ͪ͢ɽ͠ΔͶɼཽࢢεϝϣϪʖεϥϱͶΓΕຌՅଐ‫ް༙͗ߑؽ‬Ͷಉ͚͞ͳΝࣖ͢ɼཽࢢ͹࠹୉Φϋϩάʖͳഀ͹৾෱͹ᮤ஍ͺཀྵ࿨஍ͳҲ஗ͤΖ͞ͳΝ͖֮Όͪʤӊਦʥɽຌ‫ڂݜ‬੔ՎͺΠηφϫϓΡζΩϩζϡʖψϩ1Ͷ‫ࡎܟ‬͠Ηͪɽࠕ‫ޛ‬ͺϠυϩΝଡ࣏‫ݫ‬Կ͢ɼ͠ΔͶ᫖ࣻ͹ްՎΝखΕ೘ΗΖ͞ͳͶΓͮͱཽࢢՅଐͳ߶ΦϋϩάʖళରͲ‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖ߶ٍౕ๎ࣻͳ͹‫ܐؖ‬Ν໎Δ͖ͶͤΖɽΉͪɼ߶‫ౕک‬ϪʖδʖͲ͹Յଐ‫ৄࣰߑؽ‬Ν૟ఈཽͪ͢ࢢεϝϣϪʖεϥϱͶΓΕɼ࠹న͵ࣰ‫ݩ‬ড়݇Ν໎
Δ͖ͶͤΖɽ
[1]S. Isayama, K. Takahashi, S. Matsukiyo and T. Sano, ApJ 964 68 (2023).

ཽࢢ‫݃ࢋܯ‬Վ D ഀ͹ࣕ৖෾ාʤॵ‫غ‬ͺࠪյΕ͹ഀΝ༫͓ɼ΢ΨϱՅଐΝ૟ఈ͢ͱ͏Ζʥ E ుࢢʀ΢Ψϱ͹ࣕྙતਪ௜๏
޴ӣಊྖ෾ා ήϪʖ͹તͺཀྵ࿨దͶ‫੷ݡ‬΍ΔΗΖ࠹୉ӣಊྖ 
F Յଐ઴ʤ఼તʥͳՅଐ‫ޛ‬ʤࣰતʥ͹ుࢢʀ΢Ψϱ͹Φϋϩ
άʖ෾ා G Յଐ‫ޛ‬͹સରͶઐΌΖ΢Ψϱ͹Φϋϩάʖׄ߻- 16 -

ㄏᑟࢥࣥࣉࢺࣥᩓ஘ࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᐇ㦂࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢ◊✲⏣୰࿘ኴ1,2, ᒣᓮ஢1,3, ⶶ‶ᗣᾈ2, ⚟⏣♸ோ4, ᆏ࿴ὒ୍31) 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊, 2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉,3) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ, 4) 㛵すග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARYᮏ◊✲ࡣࠕㄏᑟࢥࣥࣉࢺࣥᩓ஘ ,&6 ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࣭ࣉࣛࢬ࣐㠀⥺ᙧ┦஫స⏝ࡢ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
,&6ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ◊✲࡜ࡑࢀࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᐇ㦂࡛ࡢᐇドࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㸬ྑᅗࡀᮏᖺᗘ ᖺ᭶ ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ-
.$5(13࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐇ㦂ࡢࢭࢵࢺ࢔ࢵࣉ࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬ᖺ࡟ྠࡌ-.$5(13࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐇ㦂࠿ࡽ࢔ࢵࣉࢹ࣮ࢺࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ୺࡟㸪  -.$5(13࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࣉࣛࢬ࣐࣑࣮ࣛࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜㸪 ✵㛫ศゎศගჾࢆᑟධࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ஧ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬≉࡟  ࡢ✵㛫ศゎศගࢆᑟධࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࣮ࣞ
ࢨ࣮㏱㐣ග࡜⫼ᬒගࢆศ㞳ࡋ࡚ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢィࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ⌧ᅾゎᯒ୰࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ㄏᑟࢥࣥࣉࢺࣥᩓ஘࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆึࡵ࡚ᚓࡓ㸬࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᙉᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ౫Ꮡᛶ
࡞࡝ࡢㄏᑟࢥࣥࣉࢺࣥᩓ஘ࡢࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ཎ⌮᳨ドᖺ᭶࡟㛵すග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ࡟࠶ࡿ-.$5(13ࢆ⏝࠸ᐇ 㦂 ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ 㸪 ḟ ᖺ ᗘ ࡣ ࣝ ࣮ ࣐ ࢽ ࢔ ࡢ ([WUHPH
࡚⾜࡞ࡗࡓㄏᑟࢥࣥࣉࢺࣥᩓ஘ࡢཎ⌮᳨ドᐇ㦂ࡢࢭࢵࢺ/LJKW ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH ̽ 1XFOHDU 3K\VLFVࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐇ㦂ࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࢔ࢵࣉࡢᴫ␎ᅗ㸬୺せ࡞᳨ฟჾࡣ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢࢺ࣒ࢯࣥᩓ஘ගィ ᕥୖ ࡜㏱㐣ගࡢ✵㛫ศゎศගჾ ୗ 㸬- 17 -

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&/!²­ P
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E P Ii   95´VT4 W
q= P­ AM^µ< 033^µ   95§ko   ­ &/!²~¡  ; /¦¥   03 3l'."+Y¨W  ^µ©P  Wv®b  W®DJF
 '."+pGXH£  f

- 18 -

㉸玪ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡿᏱᐂࢪ࢙ࢵࢺఏᦙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ὶయ୙Ᏻᐃᛶᡂ玕ࡢᶍᨃᐇ㦂ࡢ᳨ウỈ⏣᫭1㸪ⶶ‶ᗣᾈ2, すᮏ㈗༤2, ᆏ࿴ὒ୍31) ⌮໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㸪2) ኱㜰኱ᏛᕤᏛ◊✲⛉, 3) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

z [cm]

1.0
SUMMARY
5DG
5DG
Ᏹᐂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࡀぢࡽ
FRROLQJ 0.8
FRROLQJ
ࢀࡿࠋࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࡣᫍ㛫≀㉁୰࡞࡝ࢆఏᦙࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ
᫬࡟ࣂ࢘⾪ᧁἼࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊࡑࡢෆഃ࡟ࡣ㧗ᅽࡢࢥ
212))ࢡ࣮ࣥࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࡣࡇࡢࢥࢡ࣮ࣥᅽ࡟
0.6
ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ཰᮰ࢆಖࡕ࡞ࡀࡽ㛗㊥㞳࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ఏᦙ
z [cm] 0.
6ࡍࡿࠋࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࡣఏᦙࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᶓ᪉ྥ࡟ࢃࡎ࠿࡟
⭾ᙇࠊ཰⦰ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࠋᶓ᪉ྥࡢ᣺ື㐠ື࡟క࠸ࠊ
0.
0.4
4
ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ⏺㠃࡟ᐇຠⓗຍ㏿ᗘࡀ࠿ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ᮲
௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣRTIࡀᡂ㛗ࡋࠊࢪ࢙ࢵࢺఏᦙࡢࢲ࢖
0.2
ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࢫ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺᙧ≧ࠊධᑕ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢ᪉ྥ࡞࡝ࢆᕤ
0ኵࡋࠊ㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣉࣛࢬ࣐࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ㦂ᐊ
0.1 0.
0.2 0.300 0.
0. 0 0. 0. 0.
࡛Ᏹᐂࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࡢఏᦙࡢᶍᨃᐇ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࠿࡝࠺࠿
[cm]
1 2 3
2 3
r1r[cm]r [cm]ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ≀㉁ࢆࣇࣞ࢟ࢩࣈࣝ࡟ኚ᭦࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺
FIG. Dimple (120ᗘ)ᙧ≧ࡢAl ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ⾲㠃࡟500J ࡢ࡟FLASHࢥ࣮ࢻ࠿ࡽRAICHO(ᮾ໭኱ࠊ኱す)ࢥ࣮
࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿࠋࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮࡟He ࢞ࢫࢆ඘‶ࡉࡏࢻ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㍽ᑕ෭༷ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࢔࢘ࢺࣇ࣮ࣟࡀ⣽ࡃ⤠ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ㍽ᑕ෭༷ࡢຠᯝࡀຠ⋡ࡼࡃ࡞ࡿࡼࡾhigh-Z ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋ- 19 -

୰ᛶᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ᅵተỈศィࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ

ᚨᮏᐙᗣ1,2 㸪వㄒぬᩥ2㸪᭷ᕝᏳಙ21) బ㈡኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ୰ᛶᏊ࡟ࡼࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ᅵተỈศィ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤ⓎࡢࡓࡵࠊᏱᐂ⥺ᅵተỈศほࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦 COSMOS 㸧 ࡢ ィ ್ ࡜ ୰ ᛶ Ꮚ ࣂ ࣈ ࣝ ᳨ ฟ ჾ
㸦BDT࠾ࡼࡧBDS10ࠊ100ࠊ600ࠊ1000㸧ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ
⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅡሙヨ㦂ᆅ㸦༡㜿⸽ኪᓟᒣ㸧㸦FIG.a, b㸧࡛ࡣࠊ⇕እ୰ᛶᏊᩘࡢ⤒᫬ኚ໬ࢆほ ࡋࡓ*ࠋィ㡿ᇦࡢ୰ᚰᆅ࡛୰ᛶᏊࣂࣈ᳨ࣝฟჾ࡟ࡼࡿィ ࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ୰ᛶᏊࣂࣈ᳨ࣝฟჾ࡛ࡣࣂࣈࣝࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ
࡝᳨ฟࡉࢀࡎࠊBDS1000࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝୙᳨
ฟ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ COSMOSࡢ
⇕እ୰ᛶᏊᩘ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡣࠊ1᫬㛫㛫㝸ィ ࠾ࡼࡧ24᫬㛫⛣ືᖹᆒ್࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࠾ࡼࡑ850㹼950࡛᥎⛣ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᡂᯝࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢ᳨ฟჾࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞▱ぢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊᏱᐂ࠿ࡽ㝆ࡾὀࡄ⇕እ୰ᛶᏊᩘ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓィ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡼࡾ㛗࠸ほ ᮇ㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿẚ㍑᳨ウࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
*Tokumoto et al. (2022): Near-surface Soil Moisture Observation on the
Hillslope using Cosmic-ray Neutrons: A Case Study of Landslide
Warning System, WCSS, Glasgow.

(a)N ( counts h-1 )SUMMARY

(c)

(b)

1200

1100
1000
900

800
700

FIG.ᅡሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿィ : (a) ◊✲ᅡሙ㸪(b) COSMOSࡢィᴫ␎ᅗ㸪㸦c㸧COSMOSࡢィ ್ࡢ౛- 20 -

Ion acceleration using collisionless shocks produced in nonequilibrium plasmas
Y. Fukuda1 and Y. Sakawa2
1) Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Japan,2) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, JapanSUMMARY

We have investigated collisionless shock ion
acceleration (CSA) using a high-intensity ps-pulse laser
system with a modest normalized vector potential [1].
In a near-critical density plasma that consists of multicomponent ion species C8H7Cl, only protons areaccelerated, which is clear evidence of CSA and agrees
with the prediction by 2D PIC calculations. In a nearcritical density multi-component proton and C6+-ion
plasma, it might be possible to control accelerated ionsactively (proton-only or proton and C6+-ion
acceleration) by changing the drive-laser intensity in
CSA. This work illustrates how laboratory studies of
ion acceleration at collisionless shocks can be an
important tool to under- stand some of the collisionlessphysics associated with space and astrophysical shocks.
[1] Y. Sakawa et al., submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.
(2023).

(a)

C$"#"
C !"
C
Proton(b)
ProtonIon energy

FIG. Raw data of TPS (a) without and (b) with the ablation
laser. a0 is 1.6 and 2.0 for (a) and (b), respectively. The target
is a foil of C8H7Cl with a thickness of 1 ȝm. Whereas signals
from protons and carbon ions appear when the drive laser
alone is used, whilst only a proton signal is detected when theablation laser is used.

- 21 -

  

)&'

!

   

 $(#%"dtg¡K_iNZLd`I{wglglÄQ¿x«¦l¤¨¦ÇvlÄglxlÁglÂjWl¤¨gÃgl

EH/H¦l¤¨¤¨ .:HEG6 s"·u s³'£ EH/HpÉ#%¶]¹¤¨% z|.:HEG
6 s p%­ $&%Kj¥c<C2=P*7D,HTy ¥W'b
#$  ¬'! pÉM¢S[®346(4<´'±.:HEG6 s³ºhO»%Ê
¾Æ8H16U ¼³
"mn¹~ qJ!} %









  0>AEH0BG#%ÆjÅÆjFHEG5aj   Pr|  Æ¥fªj*7D,H  <C2=;H?Èe o %  

- 22    Investigation of plasma instabilities in the collisionless shock foot region
Y. Ohira1, K.F.F. Law2, S. Fujioka2
1) University of Tokyo, Japan, 2) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University

SUMMARY

This research studied the evolution of plasma
instabilities in collisionless plasma modeling the footregion in a collisionless shock by performing twodimensional full PIC simulations. We modified theinitial momentum distribution of the protons in a
uniform proton-electron plasma to investigate the effectof the return protons from the shock region on theplasma instabilities evolution. As shown in the figure,the electric energy density developed before 500 Ȧpe-1,
as the signature of the initial electron heating by
Buneman instability. Compared to the simulation casewith return protons, in the case without return protons,
the plasma instabilities following the Buneman
instability take a longer time to grow and have not yet
shown saturation within the simulation time. This result
showed the change in plasma instability when theimpulsive nature of reflected protons from shock region,
which is observed by recent space observation, being
taken into account.

FIG. Time development of electric energy density in PIC
simulation. The black color represents the simulation with
only reflected protons, and the red color represents the casewith both reflected and return protons.

- 23 -

ࢹ࢕ࢣ࢖ࣥࢢࢩࣙࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࡿ┦㌿⛣࢝࢖ࢿࢸ࢕ࢡࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㦂ⓗ᳨ウ▱ሙ୍⯟1㸪ᑿᓮ඾㞞1,2 㸪∦᱒೺Ⓩ1,3㸪㔝୰ᩗኴ1 㸪ᒾᮏⰋኴ1 㸪ᨻᒸ㇦ὶ1 㸪బ㔝Ꮥዲ2㸪ඤ⋢஢♸1,21) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉, 2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㸪3)ࢫࢱࣥࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ
SUMMARY

2000(a)

Hicks 2003

1600

Pressure [GPa]ከ⤖ᬗ≧ែࡢ㔠ᒓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡀᚤ⣽໬ࡍࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࡑࡢ◳ᗘࡀቑࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ୍⯡࡟▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣረᛶኚᙧࢆᢸ࠺㌿఩ࡢఏᦙࡀࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺࡛㜼ᐖࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⢏⏺
ᙉ໬ຠᯝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ  ࠋ㧗㏿ࡢືⓗ࡞ᅽ⦰㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡢࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟ࡼࡿ≀ᛶࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞ኚ໬ࡣࠊᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸  ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᖹᆒ⢏ᚄ⣙ȣPࡢ㏱ගᛶ
ከ⤖ᬗࢧࣇ࢓࢖࢔ヨᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ⾪ᧁᅽ⦰㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⢏ࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜⾪ᧁᅽ⦰≉ᛶ࡞࡝࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࠊ༢⤖ᬗࢧࣇ࢓࢖࢔ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜┤᥋ẚ㍑ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⾪ᧁᅽ⦰≉ᛶ࡟ࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟ࡼࡿ
ᙳ㡪ࡣぢࡽࢀࡎࠊࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛⾪ᧁ ᗘ࡛ࡣ㢧ⴭ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀึࡵ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

(b)

This Work (polycrystal)

Sano
Erskine 1993

1200

Marsh 1980800

0Time[ns]

20
Poly sapp

400
Quartz

0
4

6

8

10

Density [g/cm3]
1200

SOP intensity [counts]

Mono sapp(c)

Poly sapp

(d)

1000

mono sapppoly sapp

800
600
400
200
0
0

0

Time[ns]

20

5

10

15

20

Time [ns]FIG. ᐇ㦂࠾ࡼࡧゎᯒ⤖ᯝ.㸦a㸧␗࡞ࡿᅽຊᇦࡢ⾪ᧁἼ㏿ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㸬㸦b㸧༢⤖ᬗ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⾪ᧁᅽ⦰≉ᛶ㸬㸦c㸧⮬Ⓨගィ 㸦SOP㸧ࡢࢫࢺ࣮ࣜࢡ࣓࢝ࣛ⏬ീ㸬㸦d㸧ࡑࡢᙉᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢẚ㍑㸬

- 24 -

ࢣ࢖㓟ሷࡢᝨᫍෆ㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⼥ゎᣲືࡢゎ᫂బ⸨཭Ꮚ1㸪ᑿᓮ඾㞞2 㸪బ㔝Ꮥዲ3 㸪ඤ⋢஢♸2,31) ᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ඛ㐍⌮ᕤ⣔⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸪3) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARYᒾ▼ᆺᝨᫍࡢ୺せᵓᡂ≀㉁࡛࠶ࡿࢣ࢖㓟ሷࡢᆅ⌫࣭ᝨᫍ୰ᚰ㒊࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㉸㧗ᅽ࣭㧗 ᮲௳ୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≧ែ᪉⛬ᘧࡸ㟁Ẽⓗᛶ㉁ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵࠊMgSiO3 ⤌ᡂࡢ㧗ᐦᗘ┦࡛࠶ࡿࣈࣜࢵࢪ࣐ࢼ࢖ࢺࢆヨᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ῶ⾶⾪ᧁᅽ⦰ୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿVISAR࣭SOP࣭ศගࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋศගࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ࡟
㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ450nm-750nm⠊ᅖࡢᗈ࠸Ἴ㛗⠊
ᅖ࡛ࡢ㍽ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂ
ຌࡋࠊࡼࡾṇ☜࡞ ᗘ࣭ᨺᑕ⋡࠾ࡼࡧ㟁Ẽఏᑟᗘࢆ⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋᅛ໬ࡍ
ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ650GPa௜㏆࡛ࠊSOP࡟ࡣ᫂░࡞ኚ໬ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㍽ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ
ࣝ࡜཯ᑕ⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ゎᯒࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋFIG ࣈࣜ
FIG.
ࣈࣜࢵࢪ࣐ࢼ࢖ࢺヨᩱࡢVISAR࣭ศගࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢪ ࢼ࢖ࢺヨᩱࡢVISAR ศගࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ
ᐃ⤖ᯝ

- 25 -

ᴟ㉸㧗㏿⾪✺ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡿᅛయᚤ⢏Ꮚᤕ㞟ᶵᵓࡢᇶ♏㛤Ⓨ (3)▮㔝๰1,5㸪㛗཭ⱥኵ2 㸪ᘯ୰㝧୍㑻2 㸪బ㔝Ꮥዲ2 㸪⏣➃ㄔ3 㸪ᖹ஭㝯அ4 㸪୰⃝῟୍㑻51) Ᏹᐂ⯟✵◊✲㛤ⓎᶵᵓᏱᐂ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ,3) ༓ⴥ኱Ꮫ, 4) ༓ⴥᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ, 5)⥲ྜ◊✲኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ
SUMMARYᾏὒኳయࣉ࣮࣒ࣜࣗࡸᝨᫍ෇⎔ヨᩱࡢࡑࡢ ሙ ィ ࡸ ࢧ ࣥ ࣉ ࣝ ࣜ ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡋࠊ
 NPV௨ୖࡢ㉸㧗㏿ᗘ࡛ᚤ⢏Ꮚࡀᶆⓗ࡬⾪✺ࡍࡿ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿᐇ㦂タഛࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࠊ  ⾪✺⏕ᡂ≀࠿ࡽᚤ⢏Ꮚࡢ≀㉁᝟ሗࢆᢳฟࡍࡿᤕ㞟ᶵᵓࡢᇶ♏㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣࠊᚤ⢏Ꮚࡢ⾪✺࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
࡜ࡑࢀࢆᶍᨃࡍࡿ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ග↷ᑕࡢ㢮ఝⅬࠊ┦㐪Ⅼࡢㄪᰝࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࣁ࢖ࢻࣟࢥ࣮ࢻィ⟬㸦$XWRG\Q࠾ࡼࡧL6$/(㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ịᚤ⢏Ꮚࡀ㔠ᒓᶆⓗ࡬⾪✺ࡍࡿ㝿࡟⏕ᡂࡍࡿ◚○≀ࠊ᪼⳹࢞ࢫࠊ㟁㞳≀㉁ࡢⓎ⏕ ⋡ ࡜ ⾪ ✺ ㏿ ᗘ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ᥈ ࡾࠊ ྠ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ),*㸦ᕥୖ㸧㉸㧗㏿ᚤ⢏Ꮚࡢ⾪✺⏕ᡂ≀ࠊ㸦ྑୖ㸧ịᚤ⢏Ꮚࡢࢱࣥࢱࣝᶆⓗ⾪✺ࡢᶍᨃィ⟬ࠊ㸦ᕥୗ㸧⾪✺⏕ᡂࢠ࣮᮲௳࡛ࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕᐇ㦂ࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿ≀࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕᙉᗘ࡜ᚤ⢏Ꮚ⾪✺㏿ᗘࡢ┦㛵ᛶ
3,12&2ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ

ࡢᴫᛕᅗࠊ㸦ྑୗ㸧L6$/(࡜3,12&2ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࠋ- 26 -

Development of electron beam control scheme using kilo-tesla-class self-generated-resistive magnetic fields
T. Johzaki1,2, S. Fujioka2, K. Yoshitake1, H. Nagatomo2, R. Takizawa2, J.-Y. Dun2, H. Morita2,3, T. Maekawa2, T. Tsuido2,
K. F. F. Law2, M. Takemura2, S. Guo2, B. Zhu2
1) Hiroshima University, Japan, 2) Osaka University, Japan, 3) Utsunomiya University
SUMMARY
0.30[1] T. Johzaki et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, (2022) 112707.

(b)

0.25

F50

In the present research, taking advantage of kJ-classmulti-picoseconds LFEX laser, we aimed todemonstrate the guiding scheme of relativistic electron
beam using the resistive magnetic field generated
around the material interface by the beam current.
We conducted experiments for 3 types of target;(1) guiding material: Ni and surrounding material: CH(2) guiding material: CH and surrounding material: Ni(3) CH mono-material
In the experiments we used plasma mirrors, which
resulted in high contrast ratio but also reduced the laser
intensity. As the results, the beam guiding was observed
for case (2), which agrees with the guiding performance
predicted for the low intensity case in the preceding
numerical simulation[1]. In addition, the result
indicating laser focusing effect by the guiding cone
under the high contrast condition was observed.

(a)

0.20
0.15

NiinCHout
CHinNiout
CH

0.10
0.05
0.00

(c)

1018

1019
IL [W/cm2]

Target(1)1020Target(2)Target(3)Summary of resistive guiding experiments: (a) numerically
predicted intensity dependence of electron guiding efficiency
for three different targets, (b) schematic view of a target and(c) experimentally observed spatial profiles of Cu KD
emission.

- 27 -

Data Analysis of Low-Beta Reconnection Driven by Laser-Powered Capacitor Coils
H. Ji1,2, S. Fujioka3, S. Zhang1, L. Gao2, A. Chien1, R. Takizawa3, Y. Sakawa3, T. Morita4
1) Princeton University, USA, 2) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, USA, 3) Osaka University, Japan, 4) Kyushu
University, JapanSUMMARY

Magnetic reconnection is ubiquitous in space
and astrophysical plasmas, rapidly converting magnetic
field energy into plasma particles. As part of thiscollaborative program, we have published results fromour previous joint experiments to study particle
acceleration by magnetic reconnection at low-beta
driven by capacitor coils [A. Chien et al., “Non-thermal
electron acceleration from magnetically drive
reconnection in a laboratory plasma”, Nature Physics
19, 254-262 (2023)]. Reconnection electric field isidentified to be responsible to generate the detectedenergetic electrons. These results are highly relevant to
the observations of high-energy electrons throughout
the Universe. This work has also established a novel
platform to study various proposed mechanisms ofparticle acceleration by magnetic reconnection, beyond
capabilities of the traditional experiments of magnetizedplasmas.

FIG. Experimental platform to detect energetic electrons byreconnection driven magnetically via capacitor coils. Electric
current are induced by irradiated by lasers on the back plate
relative to the front plate while multiple channels of particle
spectrometers detect energized electrons from reconnection.

- 28 -

㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ㧗㟁㞳㔜㔠ᒓࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡢゎ᫂
M. Nishiuchi1, L. Chang1 N. Dover2, K. Kondo1, K. Kon1, H. Sasaki1, J. Koga1, M. Hata1, N. Iwata3, K. Sugimoto3,
Y. Takagi3, and Y. Sentoku3
1) Kansai Photon Science Institute, QST, 2) Imperial College London, 3) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka Univ.
SUMMARY࣌ࢱ࣡ࢵࢺ⣭ࡢ㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࢀࡤࠊࣇ࢙࣒ࢺ⛊࠿ࡽࣆࢥ⛊࡜࠸࠺▷᫬㛫࡟㕲ࡸ㖟࡞࡝ࡢ㔜㔠ᒓࢆ㉸㧗 ࡟ຍ⇕࡛ࡁࠊෆ㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㔜㔠ᒓࡢከ౯㟁㞳ࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿࠋ㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼ
ࡿ㉸㧗 㧗㟁㞳ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ᙧᡂࡣࠊᙉ࠸㠀ᖹ⾮≧ែ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁㞳ࡸ㧗㍤ᗘX⥺࣭࣐࢞ࣥ⥺㍽ᑕࢆక࠺」㞧㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡾࠊ༑ศ࡞⌮ゎࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㔞Ꮚ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㛵すග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤࡢJ-KAREN-P࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ㔠ࡢⷧ⭷࡟↷ᑕࡋࠊ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㧗㟁㞳㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘࣉࣛࢬ࣐
ࡢ ᗘࢆX⥺ィ ࡟ࡼࡾィ ࡋࡓࠋィ ࡉࢀࡓX⥺ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ㸦2 ~ 4 keVࡢ㡿ᇦ㸧࡟ࡣࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵ
ࢺཌࡳࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞
㐪࠸ࢆㄆࡵࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢ㐪࠸ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊ㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼ
ࡿ㔜㔠ᒓࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢຍ⇕࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ㧗㟁㞳࣭㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢ⌮ゎࡣࠊ࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒※࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡸ᰾≀⌮◊✲ࠊ࢜ࣃࢩࢸ࢕
࡞࡝≀ᛶ◊✲࡬ࡢᒎ㛤ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ᐇ㦂ࢭࢵࢺ࢔ࢵࣉ㸦ᕥୖ㸧ࠋ␗࡞ࡿཌࡳࡢⷧ⭷࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྲྀᚓࡉࢀࡓX⥺ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ㸦⏕ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸧ࠋࣉࣛࢬ࣐࣑
࣮ࣛ࠶ࡾ㸦㉥㸧ࠊࣉࣛࢬ࣐࣑࣮ࣛ࡞ࡋ㸦㟷㸧࡛ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ
ࣝ࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ

- 29 -

㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡜㧗ᐦᗘࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢ┦஫స⏝⏣ཱྀ ಇᘯ᪥ᮏཎᏊຊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ ᩔ㈡⥲ྜ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮SUMMARY

2022ᖺᗘࡣ2021ᖺᗘྠᵝ㸪ㅖ஦᝟ࡢࡓࡵ2020ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ㛗཭ඛ⏕࡜⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄏᑟ࣐ࣛࣥᩓ஘ࡢ
ゎᯒࡢ⥆ࡁࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪௨๓ࡼࡾ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ୕ゅᙧ࣓ࢵࢩࣗࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᨺ㟁ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ゎᯒ⏝ࡢ⢏Ꮚࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪㈇ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ
ࢆ㟁ᴟ࡟ຍ࠼ࡓࢩ࣮ࢫࣉࣛࢬ࣐୰࡟㟁Ꮚࢆὀධࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㟁ᴟ࡜ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢ㟁఩ᕪࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏ㸪ὀධ㟁Ꮚࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࠿ྰ࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬ᅗ㸯࡟⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢゎᯒࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ୺┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࢲࢫࢺ
ࣉࣛࢬ࣐࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㟁Ꮚὀධ࡟ࡼࡿຍ⇕࡛ᾋ㐟ࢲࢫࢺࡢ⤌ᡂᨵ㉁ࡀྍ⬟࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟⾜ࡗࡓ㸬⌧ᅾࡇࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡣࢲࢫࢺࣉࣛࢬ࣐ゎᯒ⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍᕤ࡞࡝㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡜≀㉁ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢゎᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮ෆ㒊ࡢ㟁ᴟᵓ㐀ࢆࣜ࢔ࣝ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓゎᯒ࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ᪉㠃࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࡣ኱ࡁ࠸࡜
⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

D 㟁Ꮚὀධ๓ࡢ㟁఩ศᕸ

E ὀධᚋࡢ㟁఩ศᕸ

Figure 1: ୕ゅᙧ࣓ࢵࢩࣗ㟼㟁⢏Ꮚࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࡓ-50Vࡢ㈇ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆᕥ㟁ᴟ࡟༳ຍࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ㟁ᴟ㛫ࡢࢩ࣮ࢫ㟁఩ศᕸ㸬(a)ࡣ㟁Ꮚὀධ๓ࡢ㟁఩㸪 (b)ࡣᕥ㟁ᴟ࠿ࡽ㟁Ꮚࢆὀධࡋࡓᚋࡢ㟁఩ศᕸ㸬㟁Ꮚὀධ࡟ࡼࡾ୰
ኸࡢࣉࣛࢬ࣐㟁఩ࡀቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ

- 30 -

Laser driven polarized neutron generation and proof of principle of high magnetic fieldmeasurement
Y. Arikawa1, A. Morace1, A. Yogo1, Z. Lan1, T. Wei1, S. Matsumoto1, K. Miyanishi2, T. Sato3, T. Hayakawa4
1) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2) Graduate School of Engineering Science, 3) Research Center for Nuclear Physics,
Osaka University, 4) National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Kansai Photon Science Institute

SummaryThis study is aiming for exploring a new concept ofneutron diffractometry by laser driven strong magnetic
field. Neutron diffracts by a divergence of magnetic field
toward two directions dependent on neutron polarizations.
Then neutron beam is split into two polarized neutron
beams as described in Fig1. Neutron diffraction angle isdependent on the neutron velocity and dB/dx ʹ L. Sincehigh power laser can generate extremely large dB/dx,
neutron diffraction is able to be observable when a well
point source and low energy neutron probe is prepared.
Unfortunately, 2022’s experiment planed at 2022-August
was postponed to 2022-Dec, but it was re-postponed to2023-Sept due to LFEX machine trouble.
Polarized neutron

In spite of the machine trouble, we had developed a low energy
neutron beam profiler, which consists of Li-6 glass scintillator
thin plate attached to the CCD surface. Since CCD has an issue
for EM pulse noise generated by LFEX, the scinti-CCD ispowered by a battery and entire system is enclosed in a metal EM
pulse shield chamber. The system was tested at ride-along withshot of other LFEX shots and we confirmed it is capable tomeasure low energy neutrons at LFEX shot. Figure 2 is a photoof the scintillator CCD system.

Li-6 glass scintillator (low energy
neutron sensitive),
plastic scintillator (fast neutron sensitive)

Magnetic filed divergent

Figure 1 Neutron diffractometry schematics

Figure 2. A scintillator plates attached CCD camera formeasuring neutron diffraction at LFEX. The system was tested at
15-cm away from target at LFEX shot and was demonstrated.

- 31 -

࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㥑ື୰ᛶᏊ※ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆㏱㐣ศᯒᢏ⾡࡟㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡞ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ◊✲఍ᑠἨග⏕1㸪ᘯ୰ ᾈኴ1㸪ᮤᅾὥ1㸪వㄒぬᩥ2㸪᭷ᕝᏳಙ2㸪Ᏻ㒊ຬ㍤2㸪୰஭ග⏨21)᪥ᮏཎᏊຊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ ᰾୙ᣑᩓ࣭᰾ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕⥲ྜᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ࣭ග㔞Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒⛉Ꮫ◊✲㒊㛛
SUMMARYᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㥑ື୰ᛶᏊ※(LDNS)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆㏱㐣ศᯒ(NRTA)ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱㜰኱Ꮫࡢ㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮LFEX࠿ࡽⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࣃࣝࢫ୰ᛶᏊ࡟㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿ୰ᛶᏊࣔࢹ࣮ࣞࢱࠊ
୰ᛶᏊ᳨ฟჾཬࡧ㣕⾜᫬㛫 ᐃ࣭ศᯒࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ
㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㛤Ⓨ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࠊ㆟ㄽࠊ᝟ሗ஺᥮࡞࡝ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㆟ㄽ࡞࡝ࢆᇶ࡟㛤ⓎࡋࡓNRTAࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡼࡧ
㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮LFEXࢆ⏝࠸࡚୰ᛶᏊ㏱㐣ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆྾཰ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ㸦ྑᅗ㸧ࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࠋᅗࡢ㏻ࡾࠊヨᩱ࡟ࡼࡿ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆཯ᛂ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ୰ᛶᏊ㏱㐣⋡ࡢῶᑡࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᮏ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ୰ᛶᏊィᩘἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓNRTAࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡾ
᰾✀ࡢุู࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᐇ㦂ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ኱㜰኱Ꮫࡀ୺య࡜
FIG. ୰ᛶᏊ㏱㐣ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡓ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆྾཰ࢫ࡞ࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓูࡢᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ㍑ࠊ↷ྜࡋࠊ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࠋ࢖ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡜㖟ࡢඹ㬆࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ጇᙜᛶࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮏᡂᯝࡣㄽᩥ࡬ࡲ࡜ࡵࠊ
୰ᛶᏊ㏱㐣⋡ࡢῶᑡ㸦ඹ㬆ࢹ࢕ࢵࣉ㸧ࡀほ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
௧࿴5ᖺᗘ୰࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

- 32 -

Laser-driven Cold/Thermal Neutron: Activation and Radiography Applications
Seyed Reza Mirfayzi,4 Tianyun Wei,1 Takehito Hayakawa,1,2 Yasunobu Arikawa,1 Yuki Abe,1,3
Maiko Nakanishi,1 Zechen Lan,1 Takato Mori,1 Kunioki Mima,1 Shinsuke Fujioka,1 Masakatsu Murakami,1 Mitsuo Nakai,1
Hiroaki Nishimura,1,5 Satyabrata Kar,6 and Ryosuke Kodama1, and Akifumi Yogo,1
1ILE, Osaka University, 2QST, 3Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 4Tokamak Energy Ltd, UK,
5Fukui University of Technology, 6Queen’s University Belfast, UK,
SUMMARY
The thermal neutrons are powerful probes to inspect
water or high-pressure hydrogen gas because of theirlarge scattering cross-sections with protons. Laserdriven neutron source, which is able to simultaneously
emit different types of radiations such as x rays, can beused for neutron and x-ray radiography in the samelaser shot. In this paper, we report the demonstration of
non-destructive inspection for H2O contained within astainless steel pipe using a laser-driven thermal neutron
source, where water and stainless containers aredetected by neutrons and x rays, respectively. The
simulation result indicates that this method can also
provide the capability to measure the hydrogen density
in high-pressure hydrogen gas in metal containers.
T. Wei et al., AIP Advances 12, 045220 (2022);
doi: 10.1063/5.0088997(Left) A radiography experimental setup.
(Right) (a) Picture of the radiography samples of the stainlesssteel pipes, of which one is full with H2O and the other isopened in a vacuum chamber. The Dy plate and IP are placed
under the two pipes. (b) Measured neutron radiograph. (d) Xray image. (d) Transmittance for neutron (red) and x ray (blue)
along the horizontal position obtained from the images of (c)and (d).

- 33 -

Bright laser-driven x-rays and neutron source in liquid micro-cluster target via strong shock waves
Krishnamurthy Manchikanti,1 Seyed Reza Mirfayzi,2 Tianyun Wei,3 Alessio Morace,3 Yasunobu Arikawa,3 Zechen Lan,1Kohei Yamanoi,3 Kunioki Mima,3 Ryosuke Kodama,3 and Akifumi Yogo,31Tata Institute of Technology, India, 2Tokamak Energy Ltd, UK, 3ILE, Osaka University

SUMMARY

Here, we report an in-direct method which
can obtain quasi-mono energetic deuteron beam
easily in experiments. The experiments
are conducted at ILE, Osaka University.
A primary target (Al) is focused by LFEX laser,
electrons and protons are accelerated from it. A
secondary target (heavy water capsule) is set atthe normal direction after the primary target.

By optimizing the experiment conditions suchas the distance of the 2 targets and the size of theheavy water capsule, deuterons over 10MeV
with energy width less than 1MeV can be
accelerated from the capsule.

(d)

The photo (a) and the picture (b) of a secondary target (heavy
water capsule). (c)A setup of indirect laser shot experiment.
(d) The energy spectra of mono-energetic deuterons fordifferent diameter of the heavy water capsule.

- 34 -

㧗⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㥑ື㔞Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒※ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐃⥆౪⤥㔜Ỉࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨᮾཱྀ Ṋྐ1㸪✵ᮏ 㱟ᘺ1㸪ஂ⡿ ┿ᶞ1㸪୰ᒣ ຬ෤1㸪᳃⏣ ኱ᶞ1㸪Ᏻ㒊 ຬ㍤2 㸪⸨ᒸ ៅ௓31) Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY༙ᑟయࣜࢯࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮㟢ග⏝ᴟ➃⣸እ (EUV) ග※ࡸࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࣮ศ㔝࡛ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᛶᏊ
※ࡣᇶ♏◊✲࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎ⏘ᴗᛂ⏝࡜ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ᛂ⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㧗࠸ࢫ࣮ࣝࣉࢵࢺࡢࡓࡵ㸪㧗࠸⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋືసࢆせࡍࡿ㸬࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⏕ᡂࣉࣛࢬ࣐࡛ࡣ㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡣ㧗⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋືస㸪ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ㧗㏿㐃⥆౪⤥ᢏ⾡ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪㧗⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡛ືస࡛ࡁࡿ㐃⥆౪⤥ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡢ㔜Ỉࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪኱Ẽ୰࠾ࡼࡧ┿✵୰࡛ࡢỈࢪ࢙ࢵࢺᄇฟ
ヨ㦂࡜Ᏻᐃᗘࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺᚄ
ࢆࡉࡽ࡟⣽ࡃࡋࡓࡾ㸪෇ᰕ≧ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ௨እࡢࢱ࣮
ࢤࢵࢺࢆᄇฟࡍࡿࣀࢬࣝ〇సࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㐃⥆౪⤥㔜Ỉࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡾ
ࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺ࡞㧗⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㥑ື୰ᛶᏊ※ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⁐ᾮ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ྛ✀ඖ⣲⏤᮶ࡢ㔞Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒ࢆⓎ⏕࡛ࡁ㸪㐺⏝⠊ᅖࢆᣑᙇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
FIG. ኱Ẽ୰࡜┿✵୰࡛ࡢỈࢪ࢙ࢵࢺᄇฟヨ㦂ࡢ෗┿࡜ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺᚄࡢ⫼ᅽ౫Ꮡᛶ- 35 -

ᾮయࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㧗⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⢏Ꮚຍ㏿࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲Ᏻ㒊ຬ㍤1,2㸪⸨ᒸៅ௓2㸪ᮾཱྀṊྐ3 㸪ⶶ‶ᗣᾈ1,2㸪⩚ཎⱥ᫂1,2㸪༡༟ᾏ1㸪ᯇᾆு኱1 㸪ᑠ⏣࿴ᫀ1 㸪㕥ᮌ⵬
୍㑻1 㸪ᑠᕝ⣧㔛3 㸪୰ᒣຬ෤3 㸪▼ᕝ┤㍤3 㸪ஂ⡿┤ᶞ3 㸪᪂἟኱Ⓩ3 㸪ᖹᑿ⚈ኴ㑻3 㸪
ᰩཎㄹ3 㸪ᑠᰗඃዉ31) ኱㜰኱ᏛᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ, 3) Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊
SUMMARYᮏ◊✲ࡣ㧗⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⢏Ꮚຍ㏿࡜ࡑࡢᛂ⏝◊✲ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ㛤Ⓨࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ㸪ᾮయⷧ⭷ࡢ㐃⥆౪⤥ᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬᫖ᖺᗘࡲ࡛࡟ᾮయࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ౪⤥ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢึྕᶵ㸦ᅗ(a)㸧ࡀ᏶ᡂࡋ㸪௒ᖺᗘࡣࡑࡢືసヨ㦂࡜࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡜ࡢྠᮇ㸪↷ᑕ఩⨨ㄪᩚࡢ᪉ἲ࡞࡝
ࡢ ᳨ ウ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦 ᅗ (b) 㸧 㸬 ᭱ ࡶ ༢ ⣧ ࡞ ෇ ᰕ ᙧࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪┤ᚄ500 ȝm࠿ࡽ30 ȝmࡲ࡛ࡢỈᰕࡢ⏕ᡂ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪௒ᖺᗘࡣࡇࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚
㔜Ỉຍ㏿࡟క࠺୰ᛶᏊⓎ⏕ [Y. Abe et al., APL 111,
233506 (2017)] ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ෇⟄ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࡢ⏕ᡂ࡟ࡶ╔ᡭࡋ㸪ࣀࢬࣝࡢヨస࡜ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ⏕ᡂࡢ᮲௳ฟࡋ
ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᐇ㦂࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚㸪෇ᰕཬࡧ෇⟄ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮┦஫స⏝࡜ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑
ࢡࢫࢆ2ḟඖ⢏Ꮚࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦EPOCH-2D㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ィ⟬ࡋ㸪㟁Ꮚཬࡧ࢖࢜ࣥࡢຍ㏿ຠ⋡ࡸ฿㐩࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ(c)㸧㸬௒ᖺᗘࡢ◊✲࡛㸪ᾮయࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࢆᏳᐃ౪⤥ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞▱ぢࡀ⵳✚ࡉࢀ㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ࣉࣛࢬ࣐
ᐇ㦂࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ᅛࡵࡀᴫࡡ᏶஢ࡋࡓ㸬

(a)

(b)

(c)

FIG. (a) ᾮయࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ⿦⨨ࡢᵓᡂᅗ㸪(b) YAG࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕ᫬ࡢࣉࣛࢬ࣐Ⓨග㸪(c) ෇⟄ࣀࢬࣝ౑⏝᫬ࡢࣉࣛࢬ࣐
ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝ㸦2D-PICࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸪
EPOCH-2D㸧

- 36 -

㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࢖࢜ࣥຍ㏿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖࢜ࣥ໬ࡢ≀⌮࡜ࡑࡢไᚚ
⏿ᫀ⫱1㸪బ㔝Ꮥዲ2㸪ᒾ⏣ኟᘺ2㸪༓ᚨ㟹ᙪ21) 㔞Ꮚ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARYࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥ࡞࡝Ⅳ⣲ⷧ⭷ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚㸪㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼࡿⅣ⣲࢖࢜ࣥຍ㏿ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣ㸪஧య⾪✺㸪㟁ሙ㟁㞳㸪⾪✺㟁㞳ࢆྵࢇࡔ஧ḟඖ┦ᑐㄽⓗ㟁☢⢏Ꮚࢥ࣮ࢻPICLS2Dࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ᅛయ
ᐦᗘࡢⅣ⣲ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆᢅ࠸㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣉࣛࢬ࣐
┦஫స⏝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁㞳㐣⛬ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᙉ
ᗘ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚㸪Ⅳ⣲࢖࢜ࣥࡢ฿㐩㟁㞳ᗘࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ
࠺࡟ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬㧗౯ᩘ≧ែࡢ࢖࢜ࣥࡣ㟁ሙ࡟ࡼࡿຍ㏿ຠ⋡ࡀⰋࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㟁㞳㐣⛬ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡣ㸪ྛ✀࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣭ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡟ㄪ࡭࡚࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
FIG. ㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕ᫬ࡢⅣ⣲ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢᖹᆒ
㟁㞳ᗘ㸬つ᱁໬࣮ࣞࢨ࣮᣺ᖜa0 = 20ࡢࣇ࢙࣒ࢺ⛊࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆᕥഃቃ⏺㸦X = 0㸧࠿ࡽධᑕࡉࡏࡓ㸬࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ఏ
᧛㒊ศ࡛ࡣ࡯ࡰ᏶඲㟁㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㯮Ⰽ㒊ࡣ┿✵㡿ᇦ㸬

- 37 -

㧗ຠ⋡୰ᛶᏊⓎ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢᅛయ㔜Ỉ⣲ⷧ⭷⏕ᡂᡭἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ◊✲௦⾲⪅: ᒾᮏ ᫭ྐཷධᩍဨ㸸వㄒ ぬᩥ*᰾⼥ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤࠊ *኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY⣧⢋Ỉ⣲㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㔜Ỉ⣲㸧ⷧ⭷ࢆࢡࣛ࢖࢜෭
༷࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡋࠊ㧗ຠ⋡ࡢ㝧Ꮚ㸦㔜㝧Ꮚ㸧ຍ㏿ࢆᐇドࡍࡿࠋ2022ᖺᗘࡣࡉࡽ࡟⿦⨨ࢆᨵⰋࡋࠊᅛ
యỈ⣲ࡢᡂ⭷࡟ᡂຌࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ⭷ཌࡢไᚚࢆྍ
⬟࡜ࡋࡓࠋࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢୖୗ࡜ඹ࡟ࢡࣛ࢖࢜෭෾
ᶵࡶୖୗࡍࡿᵓ㐀࡜ࡋ࡚෭෾ᶵ࡜ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ㛫ࡢ⇕ఏ㐩㊥㞳ࢆ▷⦰ࠊᅛయỈ⣲ࡀ⏕ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ ᗘ(⣙
7 K)ࢆᐃᖖⓗ࡟㐩ᡂࡋࡓࠋ ༶ࡕࠊỈ⣲ࡼࡾ⼥Ⅼࡢ㧗࠸ᅛయ㔜Ỉ⣲ࡶ⏕ᡂྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊⷧ⭷⏕ᡂ㒊ࢆࢫࣜࢵࢺ࠿ࡽ࢜ࣜࣇ࢕ࢫ㸦ࣆ࣮ࣥ࣍ࣝ㸧࡟ኚ᭦ࠊ㖡ᇶᯈࡢཌࡉ࡜ྠࡌཌࡉࡢᅛ
యỈ⣲ࢆ⏕ᡂ࡛ࡁࡓ(ᅗ㸯)ࠋ㖡ᇶᯈࡢཌࡉࢆኚ࠼
ࡿ(50-500 m)ࡇ࡜࡛⭷ཌࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏࢸ࣮࣐ࡢᅛయỈ⣲⿦⨨ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆጞࡵ࡚࠿ࡽ3ᖺ
௨ୖࢆ㈝ࡸࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊཧ⏬ࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡢດຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡛᭱㧗ഔస࡜࠸࠼ࡿ⿦⨨ࡀ᏶ᡂࡋࡓࠋ⿦⨨ࢆ௙ୖࡆ࡚ࠊ࣐ࢩࣥࢱ࢖࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚
LFEX↷ᑕᐇ㦂࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ

FIG. 㸯ᡂ⭷ࡋࡓᅛయỈ⣲ⷧ⭷ࢆࠊ┿✵୰࡟ಖᣢࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿᵝᏊࠋ ᗘࡀ༑ศ࡟పୗࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ1᫬㛫௨ୖ┿✵࡛ಖᣢ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ┤ᚄ1 mmࡢ࢜ࣜࣇ࢕ࢫ㸦ࣆ࣮ࣥ࣍ࣝ㸧㒊ศࡢࡳ࡟ᅛయỈ⣲ࡀᡂ⭷ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊⷧ⭷ࡢཌࡉࡣᇶ
ᯈཌࡉ㸦෗┿ࡣ500m㸧௨ୗ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᇶᯈࡣཌࡉࢆኚ࠼
ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟஺᥮ྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ- 38 -

࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㥑ື୰ᛶᏊ࡟ࡼࡿᜏᫍෆඖ⣲ྜᡂࡢ◊✲᪩ᕝᓅே1㸪వㄒぬᩥ2 㸪᭷ᕝᏳಙ2 㸪 Lan Zechen2 㸪 Wei Tianyun21) 㔞Ꮚ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY

Intermediate states
Excitation

176Luࡣ⣙3.71010 ᖺࡢ༙ῶᮇ࡛ 176Hf࡟ȕᔂቯࡍࡿ

NeutronᏱᐂ᰾᫬ィ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㝹▼◊✲࡛ࠊ୍㒊ࡢ㝹▼࡛༙ῶᮇࡀ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿ⌧㇟ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࠊኴ㝧⣔ᙧᡂࡢึᮇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᮍゎ᫂ࡢᏱᐂⓗ⌧㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ᏹᐂ⥺ࡢ2ḟ୰ᛶᏊ࡟ࡼࡿຍ㏿ᔂቯࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ
࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㐣ཤ࡟ ᐃࡉࢀࡓᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࢧ࣮࣋࢖࡜⤫ィࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ⌮ㄽィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⌮ㄽ್࡜ᐇ㦂್ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㐪࠸ࠊᐇ㦂ࡢᚲせᛶࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᏱᐂ⥺࡟ࡼࡿ୰ᛶᏊ⏕ᡂࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋ

Deexcitation1

Isomer7
176Lu
Q ȕ= 1192.8 keV
Q EC= 106.2 keV

Ground stateȕ decay
0.34%
8+99.66%

401.0 keV
0.329

6+

306.8 keV
944+201.8 keV
2+
0+

176Hf

86

88.3 keV
13.3

FIG. 㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ᏹᐂ⥺ࡢ᰾◚○཯ᛂ➼࡛⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓ୰ᛶᏊ࡟ࡼࡿᏱ᰾᰾᫬ィ 176Luࡢຍ㏿ᔂቯࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒
ࡢᴫᛕᅗࠋᇶᗏ≧ែ࠿ࡽ୰ᛶᏊࡢ㠀ᙎᛶᩓ஘࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢔
࢖ࢯ࣐࣮࡟㑄⛣ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚ᙺ3.7᫬㛫ࡢ༙ῶᮇ࡛ȕᔂቯࡍࡿࠋ

- 39 -

            

Tailoring of Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interactions in Multi-Pico-Second Time Scale
S. Fujioka1, T. Tsuido1, T. Maekawa1, J. –Y. Dun1, R. Takizawa1, K. F. F. Law1, Y. Sentoku1, N. Iwata1, A.
Yogo1, A. Morace1 , Y. Arikawa1, H. Morita2, T. Johzaki3
1) Osaka University, Japan, 2) Utsunomiya University, 3) Hiroshima University, JapanSUMMARY
Multi-picosecond laser-plasma interactions reveal
different characteristics from those of sub-pico-second
lasers. This study performed experiments using a highcontrast LFEX laser with a plasma mirror. Measuments
were compared between coincidental irradiation of
LFEX laser pulses of 1.5 ps full width at half maximum
and stacked pulses of 1.5 ps with a 1.5 ps of delay
between pulses, namely 6.0 ps (actuarily 5.2 ps). Theenergy distribution of fast electrons generated by laserplasma interaction was measured using an electron
spectrometer and a hard X-ray spectrometer. The target
material was a flat plate of copper oleate, and the
propagation of fast electrons was visualized by imaging
Cu-Ka emission from its side using a monochrome x-ray
camera. Plasma heating due to laser-plasma interaction
was detected using a multi-pinhole camera and a
Fresnel zone plate. The data are currently being
analyzed, but by extending the pulse width while
keeping the total energy constant, the average energy ofthe fast electrons increases, and the divergence angle
widens. The temperature at the plasma surface tends toremain unchanged.

        

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Trajectories of fast electrons accelerated by 1.5 ps (a) and 5.2
ps (b) laser pulses. The deeper electron propagation was
found in the 1.5ps case. Electron temperature distribution ofplasma surface produced with 1.5 ps (c) and 5.2 ps (d) pulses.
The difference in the temperature is relatively small.

 
- 40 -   

Revisit of the ablation scaling with high power laser irradiation1)㔜᳃ၨ௓, 1)஭ᡭᆏ᭸ᖾ, 1)ᕝ㷂᪸㍤, 1)⏣୰኱⿱, 1)ᘯ୰㝧୍㑻, ᑿᓮ඾㞞, 1,2)ඤ⋢஢♸, 1)℧⃝㱟அ௓,1)⸨ᒸៅ௓, 1)వㄒぬᩥ, 3) D. Batani , 3) Ph. Nicolai , 4) G. Cristoforetti, 4) P. Koester, 4) L.A. Gizzi
1) 㜰኱࣮ࣞࢨ࣮◊, 2) 㜰኱㝔ᕤ, 3) ࣎ࣝࢻ࣮኱CELIA, 4) INO-CNR
SUMMARY

(a)

ԟԢ

ԟԏ

ࣁ࢖ࣃ࣮࣮࣡ࣞࢨ࣮࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢࢫࢣ࣮ࣜ
ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㟁Ꮚ⇕ఏᑟࢆ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㍺㏦య
⣔࡜ࡋࡓᐃᖖ࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࡀᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪㧗ᙉᗘ࣭㛗Ἴ㛗࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕ᮲௳ୗ࡛
㉳ࡇࡿ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣉࣛࢬ࣐┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿ㧗㏿㟁Ꮚ㸪㧗ཎᏊ␒ྕ≀㉁↷ᑕ᮲௳ୗ࡟ࡼࡿX⥺㍽ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪(b)ࡇࡢࢫࢣ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡀᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟ࣇ࢛࣮࢝ࢫࡋ㸪࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ㸦ᅽຊ࣭㉁㔞ᄇฟ⋡㸧࡜ࡇࢀࢆྖࡿ㧗㏿㟁Ꮚࡸ㍽ᑕࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ୧᪉
ࢆ」ᩘࡢィ ჾ࡛ほ ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ᥈ࡿ㸬ᮏᖺᗘࡣ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣉࣛࢬ࣐┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿ㧗㏿㟁Ꮚࡢຠᯝ࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡ⣔ᮦᩱࡢỈ⣲ྵ᭷⋡౫Ꮡᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥᅽຊࡢኚ໬ࢆほࡋࡓ㸬ᐇ㦂ࡼࡾ㸪Ỉ⣲ྵ᭷⋡ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝࣮ࣞ
FIG. (a)㍤ᗘ ᗘィ ࡟ࡼࡿ࣏ࣜࢫࢳࣞࣥ(PS)࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣜ
ࢨ࣮ࣉࣛࢬ࣐୙Ᏻᐃᛶ㸦࠾ࡼࡧ㧗㏿㟁ᏊࡢⓎ⏕㸧࢚ࢳࣞࣥ(PE)ࡢ⾪ᧁἼ㠃 ᗘィ ⤖ᯝ㸬(b)ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⾪ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥᅽຊࡢపῶ
ᧁἼ㠃ᅽຊࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬- 41 -

Dependence of Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability growth on gas compressibility
T. Sano1, C. Matsuoka2, and F. Cobos-Campos3
1) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, 2) Graduate School of Engineering,Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, 3) ETSI Industriales, Instituto de Investigaciones
Energéticas and CYTEMA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
SUMMARY

We have continued the study of the dependence ofthe growth velocity of Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability(RMI) on the gas compressibility. Since an importantchange in the behavior of the growth rate as a function
the ratio of the specific heats of the gases (we asumeideal gas model) was observed [2021B2-018], we havecalculated the physical limits when ߛ௔ or ߛ௕ tend tounity and infinity.
Especial attention requires the case when ߛ௔ = ߛ௕ ՜ 1
because it would bring the possibility to characterize
new freeze-out, or at least low-growth, regimes for very
intense shocks as those used in Inertial Confinement
Fusion (ICF) configurations.
[1] J. G. Wouchuk, Phys. Rev. E 63, 056303 (2001).

FIG. Dependence of the linear asymptotic growth velocity௜௡௙(‫ݒ‬௫௜ ) as a function of the isentropic exponent of the gas of
the transmitted side, ߛ௔ , for an incident shock Mach number‫ܯ‬௜ = 10. The rest of the pre-shock parameters are ߛ௕ = 3
and a density ratio across the contact surface ܴ଴ = ߩଵ /ߩଶ =1,5 (therefore a shock is reflected back). The dashed line
correspond to the physical limit when ߛ௔ ‫ ب‬1 and thecoefficients ݀ are calculated from Wouchuk-Nishihara model[1].

- 42 -

ࣇ࢙࣒ࢺ⛊X⥺ศගィ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⏕ᡂࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢ㐣Ώⓗ≉ᛶࡢゎ᫂≟అ㞝୍1㸪⡦ෆಇẎ1㸪༓ᚨ㟹ᙪ21) 㧗㍤ᗘග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARY㉸▷ࣃࣝࢫ㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢ↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࣇ࢙
࣒ࢺ⛊ࡢ᫬㛫ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ≀㉁ࢆᛴ⃭࡟࢖࢜ࣥ໬࣭
ຍ⇕ࡋࠊᙉ࠸㠀ᖹ⾮≧ែࡢ㧗ᐦᗘࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢆ⏕ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ㧗ᙉᗘࣇ࢙࣒ࢺ⛊࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⏕ᡂࣉࣛࢬ࣐࡟ᑐࡋࠊ10ࣇ࢙࣒ࢺ⛊௨ୗࡢࣃࣝࢫᖜࢆࡶࡘX⥺⮬⏤㟁Ꮚ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓX⥺྾཰ศගィ ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊࡑࡢゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
FIG.1࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊCuࡢK྾཰➃ࡢ㧗࢚ࢿࣝ
ࢠ࣮ഃࡢ㏱㐣⋡ࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡍࡿᵝᏊࡀほ ࡉࢀ
ࡓࠋ9000eVࡢ㏱㐣⋡ࡢ᫬㛫ⓎᒎࢆFIG.2࡟♧ࡍࠋ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕ࠿ࡽ1ࣆࢥ⛊௨ෆ࡟ึᮇࡢ30ಸࡲ࡛㏱
㐣⋡ࡀቑ኱ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋᩘࣆࢥ⛊࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢᛴ⃭࡞㟁㞳࡜ࡑࡢ㟁㞳≧ែࡢ⥅⥆ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭦࡟ࠊཎᏊ㐣⛬ࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔࣉࣛࢬ࣐⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢥ࣮ࢻPICLSࢆ⏝࠸ࡓゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡇࡢ㏱㐣⋡ࡢ᫬㛫Ⓨᒎࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ(FIG.2)ࠋ
௒ᚋࡶඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋࠊ㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⏕ᡂࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᮍ▱࡛࠶ࡗࡓࣇ࢙࣒ࢺ⛊㡿ᇦࡢ㐣Ώⓗ≉ᛶࢆゎ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

FIG.1

FIG.2

FIG.1. 㧗ᙉᗘࣇ࢙࣒ࢺ⛊࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓCuࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢK྾཰➃㏆ഐࡢX⥺྾཰ศගィ ⤖ᯝࠋ
FIG.2. X⥺྾཰ศගィ ࡛ほ ࡉࢀࡓ9000eVࡢ㏱㐣⋡ࡢ᫬㛫Ⓨᒎ࡜ࠊPICLS࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢẚ㍑ࠋ

- 43 -

Study of isochoric heating physics driven by intense laser using XFEL
Y. Sentoku1, H. Sawada2, N. Iwata1 , and T. Sano1
1) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka Univ.,2) University of Nevada, Reno
SUMMARY
We show spatiotemporally resolved characterizationof a solid copper foil heated by optical laser-driven
relativistic electrons by using femtosecond x-ray freeelectron laser (XFEL) pulses. 2D x-ray transmission
imaging enabled visualization of the electron
propagation within the solid foil and inference of anelectron temperature range from x-ray images obtainedby varying XFEL’s photon energies near the Cu K-edge.
The temporal evolution of the measured electronimpacted area agrees with simulated charge states rather
than electron temperatures, suggesting that the
propagating relativistic electrons primarily ionize thesolid target by electron impact ionization without
raising the temperature through collisions. Our results
demonstrate the creation of non-equilibrium Fermi
degenerate plasmas by ionizing a solid metal foil withlaser-driven relativistic electrons.
Result had been published as DOI: 10.1063/5.0130953

FIG. The electron temperature and density space forisochorically heated non-equilibrium matter (a constant ion
density and cold ion temperature). The warm dense matter
regime is loosely defined in the range of ડ ~૚ and દ ~ ૚. The
trajectories in red and purple lines represent the PIC
simulations at different radial distances up to ~1.4 ps.

- 44 -

Developing a photon scattering model in non-thermal high energy density plasmas in PICLS code
Y. Sentoku1㸪T. Sano1㸪E. d’Humires2
1) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Japan, 2) University of Bordeaux, France
SUMMARY

In this research, we developed new physical models
and simulation techniques to expand the scope of
application of a laser-plasma simulation code, PICLS,
and improved the accuracy of the simulation. This year
we had the monthly Zoom meeting (Japan 6pm –France 9am) to discuss about the photon emission
physics from a relativistic laser light which propagatesin near critical density plasmas. Several radiation
processes are discussed, e.g., bremsstrahlung,synchrotron, and radiative decay. We identify thedominant process would be the synchrotron emission
when the laser intensity exceeds 1022 W/cm2. Copious
gamma-rays could be a source of linear Breit-Wheeler
pair productions. We discuss about how to implement
the BW model in the radiation transport module.

FIG. The electron temperature and density space forisochorically heated non-equilibrium matter (a constant ion
density and cold ion temperature). The warm dense matter
regime is loosely defined in the range of ડ ~૚ and દ ~ ૚. The
trajectories in red and purple lines represent the PIC
simulations at different radial distances up to ~1.4 ps.

- 45 -

Theoretical study on particle acceleration in high energy density plasmas
created by kJ class ultraintense lasers
N. Iwata1,2, A. J. Kemp3, S. C. Wilks3, and Y. Sentoku1
1) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka Univ., 2) Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka Univ.,
3) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
SUMMARY
Kilojoule-class petawatt lasers, having relativistic
intensities and picosecond (ps) pulse durations, cangenerate MeV ion beams with a high energy conversion
efficiency from laser to ions, typically about several
percent. We here study the underlying physics leading
to such an efficient ion acceleration from a thin foil
plasma theoretically and numerically using particle-incell (PIC) simulations. The large spot size of the kJ
lasers is a key to confine fast electrons in the spot areaby a stochastic process. Due to the confinement effect,
both the number and the average energy of fastelectrons increase temporally in the expanding foil
plasma under a continuous laser light irradiation on aseveral ps time scale, resulting a highly-efficient ion
acceleration. This study can be a basis for kJ laser
applications such as high flux ion beam generation forplasma diagnostics, medical applications, and plasma
heating for laser fusion.

FIG. 1 2D particle-in-cell simulation for a kJ laser-driven
target-normal-sheath-acceleration of ions. A 100 Pm spot laser
with the intensity 3x1018W/cm2 irradiated continuously onto a
2.5 Pm-thick solid density foil plasma. (a) Laser field energy
density, (b) sheath electric field, and (c) azimuthal magnetic
field. In this spatio-temporal scale, stochastic behavior of fastelectrons is important in determining the ion dynamics.

- 46 -

ᑐྥ↷ᑕ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㟁☢ሙఏᦙ྾཰࡜ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ຍ⇕ࡢ᳨ド
᳃ⰾᏕ1ࠊ໭ᕝ⡿႐1 ࠊబ㔝Ꮥዲ2 ࠊ༓ᚨ㟹ᙪ2 ࠊᒾ⏣ኟᘺ2,31)ග⏘ᴗ๰ᡂ኱, 2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ, 3) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ㧗➼ඹ๰◊✲㝔

SUMMARYࣆ࣮ࢡฟຊᩘTW⣭㉸▷ࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢ↷ᑕ㓄఩ࠊ೫ගࠊࣃࣝࢫᖜࢆไᚚࡋࠊ㠀┦ᑐㄽ࠿ࡽ┦ᑐㄽ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁☢Ἴࡢఏᦙ࣭྾཰ࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᭱⤊┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᫖ᖺᗘࡲ࡛࡟ࠊᲓᏊ
ᆺ࣡࢖ࣖࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ⮬ື࢔ࣛ࢖࣓ࣥࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࢆᩚഛࡋࡓࠋࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡣࠊ┤ᚄ50ȝmࡢࢳࢱࣥ⥺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬ື࢔ࣛ࢖࣓ࣥࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵ
ࢺ఩⨨ࢆ2ྎࡢCMOS࣓࡛࢝ࣛ┘どࡋࠊXYࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ࡛ࠊ࣡࢖ࣖ఩⨨ࢆ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕ఩⨨࡬⛣ືࡉࡏࡿᶵᵓ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᖺᗘࡣࠊไᚚ⣔ࡢࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔
ࢆMatlab࡟⤫୍ࡋࠊไᚚᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡾࠊ┤ᚄ50ȝmࡢ࣡࢖ࣖ⥺ࢆ↷ᑕ఩
⨨10ȝm௨ෆ࡟3.5⛊௨ෆ࡛㐃⥆⮬ື౪⤥ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ0.3Hz࡛ࡢືసࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡾᐇ㦂ࡢຠ⋡໬ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
FIG. (ୖᕥ)㐃⥆࣡࢖ࣖ౪⤥⿦⨨ (ୖᕥ)ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣡࢖
ࣖ࢔ࣛ࢖࣓ࣥࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ (ୗ)࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕࡢᵝᏊ◊✲༠ຊ⪅ 㸸ኴ⏣ࠊ㞧㈡ࠊᲚᮧ 㸦᫂▼㧗ᑓ)2022B2-022MORI- 47 -

࣐ࣝࢳࣆࢥ⛊┦ᑐㄽⓗ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ࣏ࣥࢹ࣮ࣟࣔࢸ࢕ࣈ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㟁ᏊࡢⓎ⏕ᶵᵓᮾ┤ᶞ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔

SUMMARYࣆࢥ⛊௨ୖࡢࣉࣛࢬ࣐⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㉸࣏ࣥࢹ࣮ࣟࣔࢸ࢕ࣈ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㟁Ꮚࡢ⏕ᡂࡀቑຍ࠿ࡽῶᑡ࡟㌿ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᶵᵓࡣᮍࡔ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࡞࠸ࠋᡃࠎࡣඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࠊࠕ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕ୰ࠊ㟁Ꮚࡢᚋ᪉ᄇฟࡀ೵Ṇࡍࡿ࡯࡝ᛴᓧ࡞ᐦᗘ໙㓄ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࢆ❧࡚ࡓࠋࡇࡢ௬ㄝࢆࡶ
࡜࡟ࠊᚋ᪉ᄇฟࡢ೵Ṇ࡟క࠸ࠊ㉸࣏ࣥࢹ࣮ࣟࣔ
ࢸ࢕ࣈ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㟁Ꮚࡀῶᑡ࡟㌿ࡌࡿ᮲௳ࢆ♧ࡍ⌮ㄽࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏ࢆヨࡳࠊࣔࢹࣝࡢጇᙜᛶࢆࣉࣛ
ࢬ࣐⢏Ꮚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡗ᳨࡚ドࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ண ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒ຍ⇕ࡢ᭱㐺໬࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
FIG. ᚋ᪉ᄇฟࡀ೵Ṇࡍࡿ᮲௳.
ᶓ㍈ࡣ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣉࣛࢬ࣐┦஫స⏝㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁Ꮚᐦᗘࡢ✵㛫໙㓄ࡢᛴᓧࡉࢆ⾲ࡋࠊ⦪㍈ࡣ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮཯ᑕ⋡ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋⰍࡢ⃰ῐࡣྛ᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚋ᪉ᄇฟࡀ೵Ṇࡍࡿୗ㝈ࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ሙࡢつ᱁໬࣋ࢡࢺ࣏ࣝࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ- 48 -

Development of broadband antireflection structure in THz regionṊ⏣᭷┿1㸪㛗⦖⿱኱1㸪୕ᾆᝆᮭ1㸪ᑠ㔝᫴࿃1㸪Verdad C. Agulto2㸪୰ᓥㄔ21) ྡྂᒇᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

(a)
SUMMARY
ZnO༢⤖ᬗᇶᯈୖ࡟㉸▷ࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍᕤ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ᚤ⣽࿘ᮇ⁁ᵓ㐀㸦࿘ᮇ:50Pmࠊ࢔ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ
ẚ:3㸧ࢆస〇ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟኱Ẽ୰࡛ࡢ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣝฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿ㏱㐣࠾ࡼࡧ཯ᑕ⋡ࡢ೫Ἴ౫Ꮡ≉ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ(b)ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ཯ᑕ⋡పῶຠᯝࡢ☜ㄆ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ೫Ἴ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚཯ᑕ⋡࡜㏱㐣⋡ࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊἼ㛗௨ୗࡢᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀࡟ࡼࡿᒅᢡ⋡ไᚚࡀࠊࣔࢫ࢔࢖ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ೫ග
ࣅ࣮࣒ࢫࣉࣜࢵࢱࠊἼ㛗ᯈ࡞࡝ࡢගᏛ⣲Ꮚ࡟ᛂ⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᐇド࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
FIG. (a) GaNᇶᯈ⾲㠃࡟࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣃࣝࢫࢆ↷ᑕࡋࡓ⟠ᡤࡲࡓࠊ௚ࡢࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿගᏛᮦᩱ࡛ࡶ
ࡢ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ീ㸦ୖẁ㸧࡜㟁Ꮚ⥺ບ㉳Ⓨග㸦CL㸧ീྠᵝࡢᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀ࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊGaN࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸦ୗẁ㸧ࠋຍᕤ⑞࡟ࡣࢼࣀ࿘ᮇ⁁ᵓ㐀ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ
࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍᕤ≉ᛶࡢㄪᰝࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ຍ
ᵝᏊࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ↷ᑕࣃࣝࢫᩘࢆቑࡸࡍ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚඲య
ᕤ⑞ࡢSEMཬࡧCL ᐃ࠿ࡽࠊḞ㝗࣭୙⣧≀ࡢᙧᡂⓗ࡟CLᙉᗘࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀᔂࢀ࡚⾜ࡗ㐣⛬ࢆ㒊ศⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢ
࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ(b)࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣃࣝࢫࢆ↷ᑕࡋࡓ⟠⤖ᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊGaN༢⤖ᬗᇶᯈ࡬ࡢᚤᑠ࿘ᮇ⁁ᵓ
ᡤࡢCLࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓࣂࣥࢻ➃Ⓨග࠾ࡼࡧḞ㐀ᙧᡂࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㏱㐣ࠊ཯ᑕ≉ᛶࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
㝗࣭୙⣧≀‽఩ࢆ௓ࡋࡓⓎගᙉᗘࡢࣃࣝࢫᩘ౫Ꮡ≉ᛶࠋࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣔࢫ࢔࢖ᵓ㐀ࢆྵࡴගᏛ⣲⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢኚ໬࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ9*D21͹෵߻ܿ‫ؖ͗ؗ‬࿊ͤΖ
Ꮚ㛤Ⓨࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
498nmࡢCLኚ໬ࡼࡾࠊ㓟໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

- 49 -

᭷ᶵ༙ᑟయᮦᩱ࡟ࡼࡿࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ㧗㏿ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࣥࢢ
ᯇ஭㱟அ௓1㸪ᰣཎ㝯ኴ1㸪V. C. Agulto2㸪୰ᔱㄔ21) ୕㔜኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY‫ܧ ׬‬෨௦௔௠௣௟௘ ߱

ଶ

݀߱
ଶ

┿✵⵨╔ἲ࡟ࡼࡾ㔠ⷧ⭷ࢆᡂ⭷ࡍࡿሙྜࠊ㐃⥆‫ܧ ׬‬෨௥௘௙௘௥௘௡௖௘ ߱ ݀߱⭷ࢆᙧᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡯࡝ࡢ⵨╔㛤ጞ┤ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ
㔠ࡣ࢔࢖ࣛࣥࢻࢆᙧᡂࡋ㟁Ẽఏᑟࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ࠋ୍
᪉࡛ࠊ᭷ᶵ༙ᑟయPCBMⷧ⭷ୖ࡟㔠ࢆ⵨╔ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࣃ࣮ࢥ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㜈್࡟⮳ࡿ๓ࡢᴟᚤ㔞ࡢ⵨╔᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㟁Ẽఏᑟᗘࡢ㠀⥺ᙧⓗ࡞ቑ኱ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺
࡞᭷ᶵ༙ᑟయ࡜㔠ᒓࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢ」ྜ⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚ぢࡽࢀࡿ≉␗࡞㟁Ẽఏᑟ≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ᪂つ࡞ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ㧗㏿ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࣥࢢ⣲Ꮚࡢ๰ฟࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPCBMࢆᡂ⭷࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᡂ⭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㧗᢬ᢠࢩࣜࢥࣥᇶᯈ࡟ྠ᮲௳࡛㔠ࢆ⵨╔ࡋࡓヨᩱࡢࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ㏱㐣⋡ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊPCBMࢆᡂ⭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ヨᩱ࡛ࡣࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ㏱㐣࡟ኚ໬ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡯࡝ࡢᴟᚤ㔞ࡢ⵨╔㔞࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊPCBMࢆFIG. PCBMࢆᡂ⭷㸦‫ۑ‬㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᡂ⭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸦‫ڧ‬‫ڧ‬㸧ᡂ⭷ࡋࡓヨᩱ࡛ࡣ㢧ⴭ࡞ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ㏱㐣ࡢῶᑡࡀ㧗᢬ᢠࢩࣜࢥࣥᇶᯈ࡟㔠ⷧ⭷ࢆ⵨╔ࡋࡓヨᩱࡢࢸࣛ࣊ࣝ
ぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦ྑᅗ㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᕪ␗ࡣ」⣲ᑟ㟁⋡
ࢶ㏱㐣⋡ࡢ㔠⵨╔⭷ཌ౫Ꮡᛶࡢゎᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡶ⌧ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≉␗࡞㟁Ꮚ≧ែࡢⓎ⌧ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ- 50 -

Smith-Purcell radiation emitted from a femtosecond electron bunch
ῦᕝㄔ1㸪୰ᔱㄔ21) 㛵す኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY㔠ᒓᅇᢡ᱁Ꮚ࡜㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࢫ࣑ࢫ࣭ࣃ࣮ࢭࣝᨺᑕග※ࡢᨺᑕຠ⋡ࢆྥୖࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟ࢩ࣮ࢺ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳࡢ⏕ᡂࢆヨࡳࡓ㸬ࢩ࣮ࢺ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳࡣග㟁㝜ᴟ࡟㸪ࢩࣜࣥࢻࣜ࢝ࣝࣞࣥࢬ
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㛗㍈༙ᚄ6 mm㸪▷㍈༙ᚄ0.14 mmࡢᴃ෇࡟㞟ගࡋࡓ100 fs࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ㸬ࢩ࣮ࢺ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳࡢ୰ᚰ㒊ࡣ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡢ▷㍈᪉ྥ࡟኱ࡁ࡞Ⓨᩓゅࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜
ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྠࡌ㠃✚ࡢ෇ᙧ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢫ
࣏ࢵࢺ࠿ࡽ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳ࡜ẚ࡭㸪ࢩ࣮ࢺ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳࡢṇ࿡ࡢⓎᩓゅࡣᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡣࢩ࣮ࢺ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳࡢ࢚࣑ࢵࢱࣥࢫࡀ෇ᙧ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳ࡜ẚ࡭ᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ࡲࡓGoogleࡀබ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿAI࡛࠶ࡿTensorflowࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ㸪㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢホ౯ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࢔ࣛ࢖࣓ࣥࢺᙉ໬Ꮫ⩦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ㸬௒ᚋ㸪2ࡘࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓග㟁㟁Ꮚ㖠⮬ືไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ(b)FIG. ࢩ࣮ࢺ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳ⏕ᡂᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ㸬(a) 㝧ᴟ࢔ࣃ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕ㏻㐣ᚋࡢ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㸬୰ኸ㒊ࡢ㉥࠸㡿ᇦࡣ㝜ᴟୖ࡛ࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢫ࣏ࢵࢵࢺࡢ▷㍈᪉ྥ࡟኱ࡁ
ࡃⓎᩓࡍࡿ㸬(b) ྠࡌ㠃✚ࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ࠿ࡽⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࢩ࣮ࢺ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳ㸦㉥㸧࡜෇ᙧ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥࢳ㸦㟷㸧ࡢⓎᩓゅࡢẚ㍑.

- 51 -

㔠ᒓࢫࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢵࢡ⣲Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗ຠ⋡ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶἼⓎ⏕ࡢ◊✲㇂ ṇᙪ1 㸪୰ᔱ ㄔ2 㸪໭ཎ ⱥ᫂1,㸪ྂᒇ ᓅ1 㸪ࢱࣛࣛ ࣑ࢮࣝ 1 㸪࣐ࢢ࢘ࢧࣛ ࣦ࢓ࣜࣥ2㸪࢚ࢫ࢝ࢽࣙ ࣓࢔ࣜࢡࣞ࢔1 ࣒࣮ࣝࢹࣛ ࣍ࢭ࣮ࣜࢺ1㸪㒌 ඼᪂31) ⚟஭኱Ꮫ࣭㐲㉥እ㡿ᇦ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ 㸪3) బ㈡኱Ꮫ࣭ࢩࣥࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥගᛂ⏝◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
SUMMARYΠϱτψߑଆ͵͢7+]$PSOLWXGH 9ᮏ◊✲ࡣගບ㉳࡟ࡼࡿࢫࣆࣥὶࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ㧗ຠ
)H QP 3W QP⋡࡞ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ(THz)ἼⓎ⏕⣲Ꮚ(Fe/Pt2㔜ᒙ㔠ᒓࢫυΡΠϚϫ‫ܗ‬
)H QP 3W QP
ࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢵࢡ⣲Ꮚ)ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ௒ᖺᗘ
ௗ๏‫ܗܙ‬
ࡣ௨ୗࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ)H QP 3W QP1) ࢔ࣥࢸࢼ㒊ࡢPt⭷ཌࢆࡉ200nm࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪᫬㛫Ἴᙧࡢpeak-to-peak್࡛㸪࢔ࣥࢸࢼᵓ㐀ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㸪 Diaboloᆺ࢔ࣥࢸࢼ(࢔ࣥࢸࢼ㛗2mm)ࡢሙྜ࡛⣙6.3ಸ㸪㛗᪉ᙧᆺ࢔ࣥࢸࢼ

(40 Pm x 200 Pm) ࡢሙྜ࡛⣙6.6ಸቑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ(FIGཧ↷) ࠋ2) ࣟࢵࢡ࢖ࣥ࢔ࣥࣉ࡟ࡼࡿ఩┦ྠᮇಙྕ᳨ฟࢆ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢບ㉳ගࡢගࢳࣙࢵࣃ࣮(ኚㄪ࿘Ἴᩘ 1




7LPH
SV
kHz)࡟ࡼࡿኚㄪ᪉ᘧ࠿ࡽࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ☢ሙࡢ஺ὶኚㄪ(s10 mTࡢ1kHzṇᘻἼኚㄪ)࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪᳨ฟಙྕࢆ⣙1.9ಸ࡟ᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
FIG. Fe/Ptࢫࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢵࢡ⣲Ꮚ࠿ࡽࡢࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶἼᨺ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㔠ᒓࢫࣆࣥࢺࣟࢽࢵࢡ⣲Ꮚ
ࡀTHz᫬㛫㡿ᇦศගἲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞ᗈᖏᇦᨺ
ᑕἼᙧࡢẚ㍑ࠋ⅊Ⰽ㸸࢔ࣥࢸࢼᵓ㐀ࡢ࡞࠸ሙྜࠋ࢜ࣞࣥ
ࢪ㸸Pt200nmཌࡢDiaboloᆺ࢔ࣥࢸࢼᵓ㐀ࡢሙྜࠋ㟷㸸ᑕ⣲Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐇドࡉࢀࡓࠋ
Pt200nmཌࡢ㛗᪉ᙧᆺ࢔ࣥࢸࢼᵓ㐀ࡢሙྜࠋ- 52 -

ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶศග࡟ࡼࡿࣂ࢖࣑࢜ࢿࣛࣝࡢ⤖ᬗከᙧྠᐃ࡜࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢ
୸ᒣ⨾ᕹᏊ1㸪ሯᮏ຾⏨1㸪ྂᕝၿ༤2㸪⏣ᑼ⌮ᜨ3㸪ᒸ⏣῟ᚿ4㸪⏣୰ຬኴᮁ4㸪
㛛㤿⥘୍5㸪ᮡᾆᝆ⣖6㸪୰ᔱㄔ7㸪᳃ຬ௓1㸪ྜྷᮧᨻᚿ71) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸪2) ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࠊ3)⏣ᑼⷧ∦〇సᡤ㸪4)ྡྂᒇᕷ❧኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊㸪5)ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋㸪6)⏘ᴗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㸪7) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARY

We investigated COM and COD by FTIR
spectroscopy in the 3-12 THz frequency region.
The characteristic absorption band observed around
8.5 THz is attributed to COD and COM shows
weaker absorbance around the 7-10 THz region.
For the FTIR reflection spectrum of a real urinary
tract stone, COD-rich spots show higher COD
intensity in the 6-18 THz range compared to COMrich spots.

X (mm)COD Intensity
IntensY (mm)

Spatial intensity distribution map

FIG.1 The spatial intensity distribution map was made of the
maximum values by subtracting the reflectance curve of eachspot from the background component. Spots that contain
COD-rich parts show higher COD intensity than spots that
contain COM-rich parts.



㉸㧗㏿ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶἼィࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ࡺࡽࡂ㡿ᇦࡢఏᑟᗘィ

ᕝᒣᕑ1,2, ᮧୖ༤ᡂ2, ᩯෆᨻ21)ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉, 2)኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARYࠕࡺࡽࡂࠖ㡿ᇦࡢ㧗㏿࣭㧗ឤᗘ᳨ฟࡢᇶ┙ᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㧗⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࿘ἼᩘᑐᛂTHz᳨ฟࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᚑ᮶ࡣࠊTHzಙྕࢆᩘkHz
ࡢኚㄪ࡛ࣟࢵࢡ࢖᳨ࣥฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ
80MHzࡢࣃࣝࢫಙྕࢆ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ࣮࢝✚ศჾ࡛┤᥋᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋᕷ㈍ࡢ400MHz㟁ὶ࢔ࣥࣉࢆࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ᳨ฟ㒊࡛࠶ࡿගఏᑟ࢔ࣥࢸࢼ࡟
᥋⥆ࡋࠊฟຊ≉ᛶࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊSNẚࡣ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊග㟁ὶἼᙧࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊගఏᑟ࢔ࣥࢸࢼ࡜㟁ὶ࢔ࣥࣉࡢ࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࢢ➼ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᑓ⏝ᅇ㊰࡛᥋⥆ࡋࠊࣜࣥࢠࣥࢢ➼ࢆ㝖ཤࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡾ㧗㏿࣭㧗ឤᗘ໬ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࠋ

ࡃࡾ㏉ࡋ࿘Ἴᩘ80MHzࡢTHzࣃࣝࢫಙྕࢆ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ࣮࢝
᳨ฟࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠋᶓ㍈ࡣཧ↷࿘Ἴᩘ80MHz࡟ᑐࡍࡿ┦ᑐ఩┦ࠋ㉥ᯟ࡛ᅖࡗࡓ⟠ᡤࡀග㟁ὶ࢔ࣥࢸࢼࡢฟຊಙྕࠋ

- 54 -

᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ᶍᵝ㸦㟷ᾏἼ㸧ࡢTHz-SRRࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᛂ⏝ᮤ ┦㘏1㸪ᯇỌ ᛅ㞝1㸪୰ᔱ ㄔ21) 㫽ྲྀ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY࣓ ࢱ ࣐ ࢸ ࣜ ࢔ ࣝ ࡢ ከ ࡃ ࡣ Sprit Ring Resonator(SRR)ࡢ࿘ᮇ㓄ิ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿࠋSRR࿘ᮇ㓄ิ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣCᏐᆺࡲࡓࡣࢥࡢᏐᆺࡀ୺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ఏ⤫ᶍᵝࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ㟷ᾏἼࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏSRRࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᛂ⏝ࡋࠊTHzἼࡢ㏱㐣≉ᛶࢆㄪ࡭ࠊTHzᖏࡢ࣓ࢱ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇࣞ࢟ࢩࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࢆ
㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㟷ᾏἼࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟࠾࠸
࡚⥺ᖜࠊ⥺㛫㛫㝸ࠊ⥺ࡢᩘࢆࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡜ࡋࠊ᭷㝈せ⣲ἲࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿタィࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㧗᢬ᢠSiᇶᯈୖ࡟Auࢆ⏝࠸࡚SRRࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢస〇ࡶ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᚋTHzἼࡢ㏱㐣≉ᛶࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࠋ

FIG. 㧗᢬ᢠSiᇶᯈୖ࡟స〇ࡋࡓ㟷ᾏἼࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠋᕥࡢ෗
┿ࡣ4࢖ࣥࢳ࢙࢘ࣁ඲ᬒࢆ♧ࡋࠊ⥺ᖜࠊ⥺㛫㛫㝸ࠊ⥺ࡢᩘࡀ␗࡞ࡿ12✀㢮ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀస〇ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྑࡢᣑ
኱෗┿ࡣ⥺ࡢᩘࡀ5ᮏࡢ㟷ᾏἼࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ♧ࡍࠋ- 55 -

㔞Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒࡟ࡼࡾㄏ㉳ࡉࢀࡓࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ㟁ሙࡢ㉸㧗㏿᳨ฟ
Ⳣ᫭୍1㸪୰ᔱㄔ21) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ⏘ᴗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARYࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ≉Ṧ┦ᑐᛶ⌮ㄽ࡛ண ࡉࢀࡿࠕ㟁☢ሙࡢṍࡳࠖ㸦ᅗ1(a)㸧ࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ほ ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊࡑࡢṍࡳࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ᐇドࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㟁Ꮚ⥺ຍ㏿ჾ࡜ྠᮇࡋࡓ㉸▷ࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟㟁ẼගᏛຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ
㉸㧗㏿㟁ሙィ ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂࡛ࡣࠊ࢚ࢩ࢙ࣟ
ࣥᘧࢩࣥࢢࣝࢩࣙࢵࢺィ ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㉸㧗㏿᫬✵㛫㟁ሙศᕸࢆᚓࡓࠋࡇࡢ ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ≉Ṧ┦ᑐᛶ⌮ㄽ࡛㟁ሙศᕸ࡟ṍࡳ࣭㟁ሙ཰⦰ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ࢆ
ᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ1(b)㸧ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ
㟁☢Ẽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≉Ṧ┦ᑐᛶ⌮ㄽࡢᇶᮏ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠊ
㟁ሙࡢ཰⦰ࡸ཰⦰ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ㐣⛬ࢆୡ⏺࡛ึࡵ࡚┤᥋ᐇドࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ[1]ࠋ
௒ᚋࠊ㟁Ꮚ⏤᮶ࡢ㟁☢ሙࡢᨺᑕ⌧㇟ࡢィ ࡬ࡶᛂ⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㟁ሙィ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊග
※ຍ㏿ჾࡢࣅ࣮࣒デ᩿࡟ࡼࡿ≀㉁⛉Ꮫ࡬ࡢ㈉⊩ࠊ㔜⢏Ꮚ⥺࡟ࡼࡿᨺᑕ⥺἞⒪ࡢࣅ࣮࣒デ᩿ࡀᮇᚅࡉ
ࢀࡿࠋ
[1] M. Ota et al., Nature Physics 18, 1436–1440 (2022).

FIG. 1 (a) ┦ᑐㄽⓗ㏿ᗘ࡛ᕥ࠿ࡽྑ࡬㐠ືࡍࡿ㟁Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ➼㟁఩㠃ࡢᴫᛕᅗࠋ (b) 㟁☢ሙࡢṍࡳࡢィ ⤖ᯝࠋ㐍⾜᪉ྥZ࡟㐠ືࡍࡿ㟁Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒ࡢࢡ࣮ࣟࣥሙࡀືᚄ᪉
ྥx࡟ᘏఙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࠋ

- 56 -

ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥගఏᑟ࢔ࣥࢸࢼࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࢝࢜ࢫග࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣔࢻࡢྠ᫬ᛶࡢゎ᫂

SUMMARYࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊᕷ㈍ࡢ༙ᑟయ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㸦ᩘⓒ෇㸧࡟እ㒊㙾࡟ࡼࡿගᏛⓗ㐜ᘏᖐ㑏ࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛࣮ࣞ
ࢨ࣮࢝࢜ࢫⓎ᣺ࡉࡏࠊᏳᐃࠊᗈᖏᇦࠊప౯᱁࡞
THzࡢⓎ⏕᳨ฟࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆド᫂ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇ
ࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢ⦪࣮ࣔࢻࡢྠ᫬Ⓨ᣺ᛶࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡍࠊእ㒊࠿ࡽ㏴ಸჾ࡟ࡼࡿTHzἼࢆຍ࠼ࠊ⦪࣮ࣔࢻ㛫ࡢගࣅ࣮ࢺ࿘Ἴᩘ
࡜ࡢᕪࢆ1GHz⛬ᗘ࡜ࡋࠊRF㡿ᇦ࡛ほ ࡋࠊࡑࡢᏳᐃᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࣮ࣔࢻࡢྠ᫬ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡣࠊ≉࡟࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢ㜈್௜㏆ࡲ࡛ࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࢝࢜ࢫගࡢගࣅ࣮ࢺࡀᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ࢝࢜ࢫࡢᵓ㐀Ᏻᐃᛶࢆᐇドࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ᡠࡾගࢆຍ࠼ࡓከ࣮ࣔࢻࡢ༙ᑟయ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮᪉⛬ᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ㐜ᘏᖐ㑏ࡢࡳ࡛࣮ࣔࢻࡀྠᮇࡋ࡚ࡺࡃ
㡿ᇦࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶぢฟࡋࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡇࢀࡽࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࠋࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥගఏᑟ࢔ࣥࢸࢼ
ࡢไస࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶಶࠎࡢ㒊ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヨసࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢ࡛඲యࡢไసࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ࢝࢜ࢫࡢᵓ㐀Ᏻᐃᛶࡣࠊ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ไᚚ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⢭ᐦไᚚࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ࣓ࢱᕤᏛࡢ๰㐀࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ

Magnitude℮ౣ࢛‫ ۏ‬1 , Mona Jarrahi2, Semih Cakmakyapan2, ਁઔ ࣑3,പඎ ୕໷1, ‫آ‬ඎ ‫߀ݓ‬1, ‫ ݬ܂‬ҲՇ4, ๼‫ ݬ‬ӵ໎5, ࿪ీ ࢚݊6,
஦౤੥7, ‫޳ݬ‬կઑ8, ୫ ਜ਼ඛ51) ෳҬ޽‫ۂ‬୉ָɼ2) ΩϨϓΧϩωΠ୉ָɼ3) ք৏ฯ҈୉ָߏɼ4) ෳҬ୉ָ‫گ‬үָ෨ɼ5) ෳҬ୉ָԗ੼ιϱνʖɼ6) ୉ࡗැཱི୉ָుࢢ਼෼‫ܧ‬ɼ7) ୉ࡗ୉ָϪʖδʖՌָ‫ॶڂݜ‬ɼ8)ಛౣ୉ָ

f

RF Spectrum
analyzerLow noiseamplifier

Chaos
laser

Prototype
terahertz receiver
Plasmon Antenna

Terahertz
sourceUCLA system

FIG. 㸯Rf ࡟ࢲ࢘ࣥࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢺࡍࡿᐇ㦂⣔- 57 -

࣏ࢫࢺ㸳G/㸴㹅࡟ྥࡅࡓࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶἼᖏᮦᩱホ౯ᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫᛂ⏝∾㔝Ꮥኴ㑻1, ୰ᔱㄔ21) ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ ࢹࣂ࢖ࢫᢏ⾡◊✲㒊㛛 2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

2030ᖺ௦࡟ࡣḟୡ௦ࡢ㏻ಙつ᱁࡛࠶ࡿ㸴G㏻ಙ
ࡀၟ⏝໬ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ぢ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ྥࡅࡓ
ྛ✀ࡢࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᛴົ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢹࣂ
࢖ࢫタィ࡟ࡣᮦᩱࡢ≉ᛶࢆ㐺ษ࡟ホ౯ࡋࠊ཯ᫎࡉ
ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ≉࡟㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢࢸࣛ
࣊ࣝࢶἼᖏ࡛ࡢ≉ᛶࡣ༑ศ࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ
ゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㔠ᒓⷧ⭷࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝ
ࢶἼ᫬㛫㡿ᇦศගࡸࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶἼ᫬㛫㡿ᇦ࢚ࣜࣉࢯ࣓ࢺ࣮ࣜ ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ㧗⢭ᗘ࡛ࡢホ౯ࡀྍ⬟࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡋࠊࡲࡓRuࡸCo࡞࡝ࡢḟୡ௦ࡢ㓄⥺ᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㔠ᒓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᮦᩱ
㐪࠸ࡸᡂ⭷᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡿᕪࠊ⭷ཌࡢ౫Ꮡᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱ぢࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊࣉࣟࢢࣛ
࣐ࣈࣝ࡞ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ⣲Ꮚࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿ┦ኚ໬ᮦᩱ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ╔┠ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢホ౯ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊⷧ⭷໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㔠ᒓࡢ ᐃࡀཎ⌮ⓗ࡟ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ ᐃ⢭ᗘࡀ୙༑ศ࡞ࡇ
࡜ࡸࠊ㧗⢭ᗘ࡞ ᐃࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ⿦⨨ࡢᨵⰋࡢᚲせᛶࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗࡓࠋ

(a)(b) 0.15
Electric field (arb. unit)

SUMMARY

Air (reference)
Substrate
Ru (sputter) 10 nm
Ru (sputter) 20 nm
Ru (sputter) 30 nm

0.10

0.05

0.00

-0.05

60

62

64

66
Time (ps)6870FIG.1 (a) ࢫࣃࢵࢱ࡟ࡼࡾᡂ⭷ࡋࡓRuⷧ⭷ࡢ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢖
࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙾ീ㸦㫽▔ᅗ㸧ࠋᡂ⭷ࡢ㉁ࡸ⭷ཌࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⾜ࡗ࠸ࠊᖹᆠ࡞⭷ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ(b)ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶἼ᫬㛫㡿ᇦศග࡟ࡼࡾ ᐃࡉࢀࡓRuⷧ⭷ࡢ᫬㛫㡿ᇦಙྕࠋⷧ⭷໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㔠ᒓ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛ࠊࡲࡓ᫂☜࡞༢఩ཌࡉ࠶ࡓࡾࡢ྾཰ࡢ⭷ཌ౫Ꮡᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ

- 58 -

㧗ᙉᗘࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶࣃࣝࢫ࡟ࡼࡿࢫࣆࣥไᚚࡢ◊✲᳃⏣ ೺1㸪୰ᔱ ㄔ21) ༓ⴥ኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARY༙ᑟయ୰ࡢ㟁Ꮚࢫࣆࣥࡀ㧗ᙉᗘTHzࣃࣝࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏᖺᗘࡣ✵㛫ศゎ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㧗ᙉᗘTHzࣃࣝࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢫࣆࣥࡀ⛣ືࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡢほⅬ࡛ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ᭱኱㟁ሙᙉᗘࡀ60 kV/cm࡛࠶ࡿṇ㈇ࡀ
཯㌿ࡋࡓ2ࡘࡢTHzࣃࣝࢫࢆගບ㉳ࢫࣆࣥ࡟↷ᑕࡋ㸪᪉ྥ࡟୍㍈ࡢ✵㛫ศゎ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬↷ᑕࡋࡓTHzࣃࣝࢫࡢ㟁ሙࡣṇ㈇ࡀ཯㌿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡞ࡢ࡟㸪✵㛫⛣ືࡢᕪࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ᮏᐇ㦂᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪THzࣃࣝࢫࢆ↷ᑕࡋ࡚ࡶࢫࣆࣥࡣ⛣ືࡏࡎ㸪ࢫࣆࣥࡢಙྕࡔࡅࡀῶ⾶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢫࣆࣥ࡟THzࣃࣝࢫࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ
ࡿࢫࣆࣥไᚚࡣୖグࡢᐇ㦂᮲௳࡛ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ
ศ࠿ࡾ㸪ࡓࡔ㸪ࢫࣆࣥࡢಙྕ࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ኚㄪࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸬

FIG. (a)ਜ਼ͳ(b)ෝ͹๏޴Ͳଲসద͵࠹୉ు৖‫ౕک‬Ν࣍ͯ߶‫ౕک‬THzϏϩηɿ(c)ͺ(d)ͺͨΗΔΝলࣻͪ͢ͳ͘͹ుࢢηϒϱ͹‫ؔۯ‬෾ාɿ- 59 -

ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㗦ᓧ໬ࡉࢀࡓ㏱㐣ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㔠ᒓ㛤ཱྀࡢస〇⳯ᔱⱱ႐11) ኱㜰බ❧኱Ꮫࡲ࡜ࡵ㔠ᒓⷧᯈ࡟࿘ᮇⓗ࡞㛤ཱྀࡀ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ㔠ᒓ࣓ࢵࢩࣗࢆ⏝࠸ࡓึࡢ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࢔ࣞ࢖ࣂ࢖
࢜ࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪㛤ཱྀᙧ≧࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿᵓ㐀ඹ㬆ࡢᒁᅾ໬࡟᭱㐺࡞㛤ཱྀᙧ≧ࡢㄪᰝ㸦኱㜰ᕷ኱࡛ᐇ᪋㸧࡜స〇᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ㸦኱㜰኱࡜኱㜰ᕷ኱࡜࡛ᐇ᪋㸧 㸬௒ᖺᗘࡣ㛗᪉ᙧᆺ㛤ཱྀ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㸪FDTD㟁☢⏺ィ⟬࡛タィࡉࢀࡓ㸪2ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㛤ཱྀࢧ࢖ࢬ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㔠ᒓ࣓ࢵࢩࣗࢆ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍᕤ
࡛ స 〇 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ 㸰 ࡘ ࡢ 㛤 ཱྀ 㒊 ࡟ THz Ἴࣅ࣮࣒ࢆྠ᫬࡟↷ᑕࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ヨᩱࢆ௜╔ࡋࡓ㛤ཱྀࡢ㏱㐣ࣆ࣮ࢡࡔࡅࡀప࿘Ἴᩘഃ࡬
ࢩࣇࢺࡋ㸪࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࢔ࣞ࢖ࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢࡀྍ
⬟࡛࠶ࡿ஦ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ᅗ㸬YAG࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡛స〇ࡋࡓ 2ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㛤ཱྀࢧ࢖ࢬ࠿
ࡽ࡞ࡿ㔠ᒓ࣓ࢵࢩࣗࡢ⏬ീ㸦ྑୖ㸧㸬⏬ീࡣྑഃࡢ㛤ཱྀ࡟ヨᩱࢆ௜╔ࡉࡏࡓ᫬ࡢࡶࡢ㸬ࡑࡢ᫬ࡢ㏱㐣⋡ࡀྑୗᅗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㧗࿘Ἴᩘഃࡢ㏱㐣ࣆ࣮ࢡࡔࡅࡀࢩࣇࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬- 60 -

Radiation damage investigations on MBE-grown GaAs/Si epilayers
Roni Andig1, Craig Egan Allistair D. Tan1, Gerald Angelo R. Catindig1, Erick John Carlo D. Solibet1, Alexander E. de los Reyes1, Horace Andrew F. Husay1,
Elizabeth Ann P. Prieto2, Melvin John F. Empizo3, Karl Cedric P. Gonzales1, Ivan Cedrick M. Verona1, Hannah R. Bardaloza1, Vallerie Ann I. Samson4,
Giuseppe Filam O. Dean4, Nobuhiko Sarukura3, Armando S. Somintac1, Elmer S. Estacio1, and Arnel A. Salvador1,2
1) National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, 2) Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Science, University of thePhilippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines 3) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University,, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, 4) Philippine Nuclear
Research Institute, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines

SUMMARY

Several reports have already examined the radiation
effects on GaAs and Si semiconductor materials.
However, little is known regarding the effects ofradiation on the THz properties as most investigations
focus on GaAs’ and Si’s electrical properties and solar
cell applications. In this regard, we performed radiation
damage investigations on MBE-grown GaAs/Si
epilayers. GaAs epilayers were first grown with varying
thicknesses and growth temperatures on Si (100) and(111) wafers. Afterwards, the MBE-grown GaAs/Si
epilayers were irradiated with electrons with 100 to 200
kGy absorbed doses. Both non-irradiated and electronirradiated LT-GaAs/Si epilayers exhibit similar THz
peak-to-peak amplitudes, frequency bandwidths, anddynamic ranges regardless of the Si substrateorientation. Our results suggest that MBE-grown LTGaAs/Si epilayers are robust to electron radiation andcan be developed further for radiation-durable
applications.

FIG. 1. THz time-domain spectra non-irradiated and electronirradiated MBE-grown GaAs epilayers grown on (a) Si (100)and (b) Si (111) wafers.

- 61 -

ᨺᑕᛶởᰁỈ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ࡜⣸እගࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢺࣜࢳ࣒࢘ࡢ㑅ᢥⓗ㝖ᰁࡢ᳨ウᑠᯘ࠿࠾ࡾ1㸪⊷಴ಙᙪ21) ᐩᒣ኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARYHTO (1, 0, 0)-(0, 0, 0)

Intensity (arb. units)

4000

Vibrational energy levels of HTO and H 2O

3500

(0 2 0)3000

Energy (cm-1)

ᨺᑕᛶởᰁỈ࠿ࡽࡢࢺࣜࢳ࣒࢘ࡢ㝖ཤࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡣࢺࣜࢳ࣒࢘ࡢศ㔞ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ศ㞳ࡍࡿ2ࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ๓⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶගࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡑࡢሙ࡛ࡢࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࠊ
ᚋ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㉥እග࡜⣸እගࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศ㞳ࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᡭἲࡣࢺࣜࢳ࣒࢘ࡢ
ࡳࡢ㧗ຠ⋡ศ㞳ࡋ࡚㝖ཤ࡜࡞ࡾ኱ࡁ࡞࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏᖺᗘࡣࠊศ㞳࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ࡭ࡁ㉥እගࡢἼ㛗࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋᨺᑕᛶởᰁỈ࡛ࡣࢺࣜࢳ࣒࢘ࡣỈ(HTO)ࡢᙧែ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊἛⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ
100 ႏ ࡛ࡢ ࢫ ࣌ࢡ ࢺ ࣝ⥺ࡢ ᙧ ≧ ࡶ⪃ ៖ ࡋ࡚ ࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࠊ㍍Ỉ࡜ᖸ΅ࡋ࡞࠸᣺ື࣮ࣔࢻࡢ᳨
ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ
ᇶ‽᣺ືࡢ᣺ືᩘ࡜㠀ㄪ࿴ᐃᩘࢆồࡵࠊ௵ពࡢ᣺
ື‽఩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿᇶ♏ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ

(0 0 1)(1 0 0)2500
2000(0 1 0)

1500
1000









wavenumber (cm-1)



500

black dotted line: H2O
blue line: HTO

0

FIG. 㸦ᕥ㸧ࢺࣜࢳ࣒࢘Ỉ(HTO)ࡢ㉥እࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢩ
࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ᅇ㌿ࡲ࡛ศ㞳ࡋࡓȞ1᣺ື࣮ࣔࢻࡢᵝᏊ㸦ྑ㸧ࢺࣜࢳ࣒࢘Ỉ࡜㍍Ỉࡢ᣺ື࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮‽఩- 62 -

ⅆᒣ⅊ࡢపࢥࢫࢺ㧗ᏳᐃCW-THz Ἴ࡟ࡼࡿศග
᱔ᓥྐḠ1, ᕝୖ⏤⣖,21) ⚟஭ᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ, 2) ⚟஭ᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ
SUMMARY⮬↛⅏ᐖࡢከ࠸᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⿕⅏⪅ࡢ≧ἣࢆ㧗㏿࠿ࡘࠊṇ☜࡟▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋTHzἼࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㧗㏿໬ࡀᮃࡵࡿࠋ᭱㐺࡞
㏱㐣≉ᛶࢆࡶࡘ࿘Ἴᩘᖏࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊⅆᒣ⅊࡟ᑐࡍࡿSub-THzἼᖏࡢ㏱㐣≉ᛶࡢ ᐃ⣔ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡣࠊࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ୙ᆒ୍ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㞟ගࡏࡎ┤ᚄ㸰࢖ࣥࢳࡢᖹ⾮ࣅ࣮࣒ࡢTHzἼࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋᩘࢭࣥࢳࡢⅆᒣ⅊ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟
ᑐࡋ࡚㏱㐣ࡢᐇ㦂ࡀ⾜࠼ࡓࠋ㏻ᖖࡢከ࣮ࣔࢻ༙ᑟ
యࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜࡣಙྕࡀᏳᐃࡏࡎศᩓࡶ኱
ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࢝࢜ࢫගࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
෌⌧Ⰻࡃࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ศᩓࡢ↓࠸ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣㄽᩥ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵᥖ㍕ࡀỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡼࡾᗈᖏᇦ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ
◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓ༙ᑟయ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡣࠊᩘⓒ෇ࡢᕷ㈍ࡢ
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊእ㒊㙾࡟ࡼࡿᡠࡾගࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛
࢝࢜ࢫⓎ᣺ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋప౯᱁࡞ศග⿦⨨ࡢᐇ⌧ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊTHzศගࡶ኱ࡁࡃᬑཬࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

FIG. 㸯࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࢝࢜ࢫ࡟ࡼࡿTHz-TDS ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ㒊ศ- 63 -

⤫ィࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿගᏛᮦᩱࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ≀ᛶ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲బࠎᮌ ᫂㔞Ꮚ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ࣭㛵すග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARYᚑ᮶ࡢᡭἲ࡛ࡣゎᯒࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࠊගᏛᦆയࡢ」㞧
࡞࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊከᵝ࡞⮬↛⏺࠾ࡼࡧேᕤⓗ࡞⤯⦕◚ቯ⌧㇟ࡢ≀⌮ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
௒ᖺᗘࡣ୍ḟඖࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ㞾⌧㇟ࡢゎᯒࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㞾㞼୰࡟㖄┤᪉ྥ࡟୍ḟඖࡢ኱Ẽࡢᰕࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ㞼ࡢ୰࡛ịᬗࡢ⾪✺࡟ࡼࡿ㟁Ⲵศ㞳ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓᚋࠊ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ㟁Ⲵࡢ୍㒊ࡀ㞵࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᆅ⾲࡟ⴠୗࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ㞼ࡢ㧗ᗘࡸ㝆㞵ࡢᙉࡉ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ほ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㖄┤᪉ྥࡢ㟁఩ࡢศᕸࢆ෌⌧ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟㧗ᆅࡢ㞾ࠊ෤Ꮨࡢ㞾࡞࡝࡛ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟㟁⏺ࡢᙉᗘࡢ஧஌࡟
ẚ౛ࡍࡿ☜⋡࡛⤯⦕◚ቯࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᨺ㟁ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㞾ࡢⓎ⏕࡜ఏ᧛ࡢ≉ᛶࠊ౛࠼ࡤᑐᆅᨺ㟁ࠊ㞼୰ᨺ㟁࠾ࡼࡧࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ୖ✵࡬ࡢᨺ㟁ࡢⓎ⏕ࡢ☜⋡ࡢホ౯ࡀ⾜࠼ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ༢⣧໬࡞୍ḟඖࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊ㞾ᨺ㟁ࡢ⯆࿡࠶ࡿ⌧㇟ࡢゎᯒ࡟᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

(a)
(b)

(c)

㸦ᅗ㸧(a) 㞾㞼ࡢ୍ḟඖࡢ➼౯ᅇ㊰ࠋ኱Ẽࡢ㖄┤᪉ྥࡢᰕࢆ᢬ᢠ࡜ࢥࣥࢹࣥࢧ࡛⾲ࡋࡇࢀ࡜ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࢧ࣮࢟ࢵ
ࢺ࡜࡛㛢ᅇ㊰ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋ඘㟁㟁ὶ࡜㝆㞵㟁ὶ࡛㞾㞼ࡢUpper positiveࠊ Lower negativeࠊpocket positive࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㟁Ⲵศᕸࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࠋ(b)㟁⏺ᙉᗘࠊ᢬ᢠ್㸦㉥ࡀ⤯⦕◚ቯࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓሙᡤࢆ♧ࡍ㸧ࠊ㟁ὶࡢ㧗ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᫬
㛫Ⓨᒎࠋ(c)ྛ㧗ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁ὶࡢ᫬㛫Ⓨᒎࠋྛሙᡤ࡛
ࣃࣝࢫ≧࡟ᨺ㟁ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊఏ᧛ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ- 64 -

㔞Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒※ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊไᚚ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࡑࡢᛂ⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲⸨⏣㞞அ1 㸪ᮏ㉺ఙ஧1 㸪ᰁᕝᬛᘯ1 㸪㇂ཱྀㄔ἞1 㸪ࣁ࢖ࢡ࣭ࢥࢫࣟࣅ࢔ࣥ1 㸪಴ᶫៅ⌮1㸪ඤ⋢஢♸21) 㸦බ㈈㸧࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARYϕϧθϜ൅ޭ
‫ܯ‬଎3,1ξ΢Ψʖχ
1G<$*ϪʖδʖϏϩη

80ଝউ͘͢͏஍
[J/cm2]ϕϧθϜ൅ޭ‫ܯ‬଎ͶΓΖ㧗ฟຊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⿦⨨ࢆᏳᐃ࡟✌ാࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ
౑⏝ࡍࡿගᏛ⣲Ꮚࡢ㧗࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⪏ຊ໬࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ
ࡑࡢ⪏ᛶ㸦࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᦆയࡋࡁ࠸್LIDT㸧ࢆṇ☜࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
LIDTࡢホ౯ࡣࠊᚑ᮶㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡿ⾲㠃ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡼࡾ᪩ࡃࠊṇ☜࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⮬ື໬ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮↷ᑕ᫬ࡢᦆയࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2022ᖺᗘࡣᦆയ᫬࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࣉࣛࢬ࣐Ⓨග࡟╔┠ࡋ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ࡜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ཯ᑕ㜵Ṇࢥ࣮ࢺࡢホ౯ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊ⣙20J/cm2௨ୖ࡛ࡣ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹࡢLIDT࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ

60
40
20

1064nm
10ns

0
0

20

40

60

‫ݨ‬ඏ‫ࡱ؏ں‬ͶΓΖଝউ͘͢͏஍

FIG. 㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ࡜ࣉࣛࢬ࣐Ⓨගィࢥ࣮ࢺࡢᦆയࡋࡁ࠸್ࡢẚ㍑- 65 -

80[J/cm2]࡟ࡼࡿ཯ᑕ㜵Ṇ

LFEX
|LIFE

[ U [ V X e[ U [ V X e
‡

1)

1

C ˝
w 2)C
ª

« \ »
fi ]
` ¿
« |

æ2 C ‹

w

‰2

[ U ¨
[

w⁄

SUMMARYo ˝[ U æ[ ¯ ˝ ‘ƒ •˝ Ø‡ –˘ “ ¯ «C ‚æ‘ ıw ł ˚(B W )
Łı w mC Y “ ‹ •D • Øıw m C Y¯«
ØQ æ ‡
‘
‘
d
V ~
[ V
R [ h
J› C
[ U [ `fi « ] ¿ Ds ` ‰
{ æ
¯
] ¿
[ULLNL
[ V X
⁄ e
˝ ˜
LIFE V X eD ƒ} • Ł CLIFE V X e
1shot
W o ˝ G (8125J)l
M [ C z Ł ıw m CY ˚ ¯˝ ıf w q Ł„l ¨ ” ¯Ø2.74 ¨”
˘ Ł
v
W
B ‹
˜¢ DØ
'
¨ C“
-3
Œ j‰ z Ł ıN[ F=10x i ' ¨ Ł
w m CY CB¯ ˝ W 5“ ¨ ª ˘
« ¨ l
ƒ
˜
¢Ø D T¸ C o N
B¯ W
Æ ‚
v
]
¿˝ C ¡ªŁ¯ D Ø
FIG. output energy ˘1/Filling Factor ˘B-integral- 66 -

Optical image transfer by using a multimode fiber
T. Nakamura1, Y. Arikawa2, T. Hayakawa2
1) SANKEN, Osaka university, 2) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University,

Summary
Multimode fibers are usually used as “non opticalimaging” device because a transmitted light profile isspeckle pattern like figure 2. (b). In the reality, an image isconverted transferred via a lot of modes in the multi mode
fiber. The pattern is independent for every input potions of
the multi mode fiber. If point spread functions for all
points in the input are measured, the optical image can bereconstructed.
If this method would be successful, it can be appliedlaser fusion plasma experiment such as ultra highresolution imaging detector at very close position from theplasma.

Figure 1 Multimode fiber imaging setup

4 m
8 m

(a) Test injected pattern image(TEM 11 mode from a fiber)

4 m
8 m

(b)Multimode speckle
pattern(c)Reconstructed image (notwell reconstructed due to issues
in the experimental setup).

Figure 2. First testing results of the multimode fiber imaging (notsucceeded yet).(a) is test injection pattern from MM fiber input.
(b) is output image from MM fiber by (a). (c) is reconstructed
image which is not succeeded but single bright spot is seen.

- 67 -

Improvement on characteristics of Pr3+-doped glass scintillator for neutron detector
Takahiro Murata
Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , JapanSUMMARY

The aim of this collaborative research is to develop a
glass scintillator material for high performance neutron
beam measurements that combines fast response andhigh light output.
This year, we developed a high Li ion-containing
glass, LCG, as a new host material and investigated thedependence of PL properties on Pr3+ concentration in
LCG:Pr3+ glass samples. The PL intensity increased
with increasing PrF3 concentration up to 1 mol% andthen was almost the same at 1 mol% and 2 mol%. This
result indicates that the possibility of developing glass
scintillators with fast response and high light output by
optimizing the concentration of PrF3 between 1 and 2
mol% in LCG glass. The high-performance neutron
glass scintillator to be developed in this collaborative
research will be a fundamental technology that will
support a safe and secure society.

FIG.
PL spectra of LCG: xPrF3 glass samples excited at 231 nm.

- 68 -

                 
 # 3 + #4! -4('(,(94 14*41 

-# , -.(         


'$ +4,(-$2"$-"$ %1.,  ".-3 (-2 5$18 % 23 -#2+.6 ".,/.-$-3 '$ % 23 ".,/.-$-3 (2 "1.22
+4,(-$2"$-"$  '$ #$" 8 3(,$ .%  (2  /2
6'("' (2   3' 3 .% 3'$ 2+.6 ".,/.-$-3 " ++$# 2$+%
31 //$# $7"(3.- $,(22(.- .6$5$1 3'$  6 5$+$-&3'(2 (- 3'$ 5 "44, 4+31 5(.+$3 1$&(.- 4,$1(" +" +"4+ 3(.-2 /1$#("3$# 3' 3 3'$ 6 5$+$-&3' .%  " - !$2'(%3$# 3. +.-&$1 6 5$+$-&3' !8 ".-31.++(-& 3'$ ! -#& / $-$1&($2 3'1.4&' '(&' /1$2241$ //+(" 3(.- 3. 3'$"1823 +   - 3'(2 1$2$ 1"' /1.)$"3 6$ .!2$15$#$7/$1(,$-3 ++8 3'$ /1$2241$ #$/$-#$-"$ .% 3'$ 2'(%3 (3'$  6 5$+$-&3' 6'$- /1$2241$ (2 //+($# 3. 3'$ "1823 + '$ +4,(-$2"$-"$ -# 71 8 #(%%1 "3(.- 6$1$,$ 241$# 2(,4+3 -$.42+8 4-#$1 '(&' /1$2241$ (2 //'(1$ -5(+ 1 82 .%  *$ 6 2 42$# 2 $7"(3 3(.2.41"$ (&41$
2'.62 3'$ 1$+ 3(.-2'(/ !$36$$/1$2241$2 -# + 33("$ ".-23 -32 .% '$ "1823 +/' 2$ 6 2 "' -&$# 3
 %1., "4!(" 3.
.13'.1'.,!(" -#  6 2 2'(%3$# 3. +.-&$1 6 5$+$-&3'          

 ' -&$ (- + 33("$ ".-23 -3 4-#$1 '(&' /1$2241$ '$"1823 + /' 2$ "' -&$# %1., "4!(" 3. .13'.1'.,!(" 3 
/1$2241$ '(2 (-#(" 3$2 "' -&$ (- 3'$ $+$"31.-(" 2314"341$-# ".-2$04$-3+8 2'(%3 (- 3'$ $,(22(.- 6 5$+$-&3'- 69 -

ḟୡ௦㧗ᶵ⬟ගࣇ࢓࢖ࣂࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ࡑࡢᛂ⏝⸨ᮏ 㟹༓ⴥᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ

SUMMARY
We successfully demonstrated a pulse laser with afundamental repetition rate of 1 GHz in passively Qswitched mode-locked oscillation by using Yb–Mgdoped silica glass fiber (YbMgSGF). The YbMgSGF
core glass, fabricated by the zeolite method, showed a
Yb2O3 content of 5.46 wt%. To the best of ourknowledge, our laser is the first silica-glass-based, Ybdoped fiber laser operating at a fundamental repetition
rate of gigahertz. The laser cavity was constructed by a
102-mm-long YbMgSGF as a laser medium and asemiconductor saturable- absorber mirror as a modelocker. The laser output power reached 5.93 mW, andits slope efficiency and lasing threshold power were
3.6% and 5.3 mW, respectively. The peak wavelengthof the oscillation was 1039 nm. We also discuss theconditions to transition from Q-switched mode-locked
operation to continuous-wave mode- locked operation.
The proposed fiber laser can serve as a seed laser for amaster oscillator power amplifier for a high-power,
high-efficiency pulsed fiber laser source.

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of experimental setup.
Fig. 3. Absorption (blue) and fluorescence (black, dotted line) spectra of Yb–Mg-doped
silica glass and laser oscillation spectrum (black, solid line) and Gaussian fit (red) in Mg–codoped Yb-doped silica glass fiber when the output power is 5.13 mW: (a) wavelength range
between 950 and 1150 nm; (b) wavelength range between 1025 and 1075 nm.

- 70 -

᪂ወᒙ≧」ྜ࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥ໬ྜ≀ࢆẕᮦ࡜ࡋࡓ᪂つ⺯ගయࡢ㛤Ⓨᒾబ♸ᕼ ࠊᒣࣀ஭⯟ᖹ ࠊⲶ㔝ᣅ1) ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ, 2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY」ᩘࡢ࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥࢆྵࢇࡔ↓ᶵ໬ྜ≀࡛࠶ࡿࠊ」ྜ࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥ໬ྜ≀ࢆẕᮦ࡜ࡋࡓ᪂つ⺯ගయ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᖺᗘࡣ(X ࢖࢜ࣥࢆῧຍࡋࡓ⺯ගయࡢ⺯ග≉ᛶࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㟁Ẽ཮ᴟᏊ㑄⛣࡛࠶ࡿ
5D ĺ 7F 㑄⛣ࡣ1.32 msࡢ⺯ගᑑ࿨ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀศ
02࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⺯ගᑑ࿨࠿ࡽ᥎ᐃࡋࡓෆ㒊㔞Ꮚ཰⋡
ࡣ78 %࡜࡞ࡾࠊ✚ศ⌫ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ᐃ࠿ࡽồࡵࡓෆ㒊㔞Ꮚ཰⋡࡜Ⰻ࠸୍⮴ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
ᮏ≀㉁ࡣ」ᩘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛Ⓨගࡋࠊ㧗࠸㔞Ꮚ཰⋡ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

FIG. Ba3Y2O5Cl2:Eu4 %ࡢ 5D0 ĺ 7F2 㑄⛣ࡢ⺯ගᑑ࿨(ບ㉳
250 nm)- 71 -

㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㧗ᶵ⬟ᛶ᭷ᶵ⤖ᬗ๰ᡂἲࡢ㛤Ⓨྜྷᕝ ὒྐ11) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉SUMMARYᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ⤖ᬗ໬ไᚚἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ㧗ᶵ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⤖ᬗࢆ๰〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋᮏᖺᗘࡣࠊ≉࡟࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࢔ࣈ࣮ࣞ
ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ⤖ᬗ᰾Ⓨ⏕ࡢไᚚ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᒀ⣲ࢆࣔࢹࣝ໬ྜ≀࡜ࡋ࡚⤖ᬗ᰾Ⓨ⏕ࡢࣃࣝࢫ᫬㛫ᖜ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮౫Ꮡᛶ
ࢆ⣔⤫ⓗ࡟ㄪ࡭ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᒀ⣲ࡢ⤖ᬗ᰾Ⓨ⏕ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀࠊ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣂࣈࣝࡢ⏕ᡂ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣㣬࿴ᗘࡢୖ᪼࡜ࠊ ᗘୖ᪼࡟ࡼࡿ㐣㣬࿴ᗘࡢῶᑡ࡜࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡢ➇த㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡾㄝ࡛᫂
ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋᮏㄽᩥࡣࠊApplied Physicss
Aㄅ࡟ཎⴭㄽᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ྑᅗ㸧ࠋ

FIG. ᒀ⣲⤖ᬗ໬☜⋡ࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ㄏ㉳࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ࣂࣈࣝࡢ᭱኱ᚄ౫ᏑᛶࠋY. Tsuri, M. Maruyama, H. Y.
Yoshikawa et al., Applied Physics A, 128, Article Number:
803 (2022)ࢆチྍࢆᚓ࡚㌿㍕- 72 -

࣍࢘㓟⣔ගᏛ⤖ᬗࡢ㧗ရ㉁໬
᳃ຬ௓1㸪ྜྷᮧᨻᚿ21) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ࡛⫱ᡂࡋࡓ኱ᆺ࣭㧗ရ㉁㠀
⥺ᙧගᏛ⤖ᬗCsLiB6O10 㸦CLBO㸧࠿ࡽ኱ཱྀᚄἼ㛗ኚ᥮⣲Ꮚࢆస〇ࡋࠊ኱㜰኱Ꮫࠊࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫ
㸦ᰴ㸧࡜୕⳻㟁ᶵ㸦ᰴ㸧࡜ࡢඹྠ◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ἴ
㛗266nmࡢ㧗ᖹᆒฟຊࡢࣆࢥ⛊ࣃࣝࢫ῝⣸እගࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡓࠋྑᅗࡢࣅ࣮࣒ᚄ4.2mmࡢ(a)ࠊ6.0mm
ࡢ(b)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᖹᆒฟຊ࡜ࡋ࡚35W⣭ࡢⓎ⏕࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊฟຊࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡟㐃ࢀ࡚⤖ᬗࡢⓎ⇕࡟ࡼࡿ ᗘ໙㓄ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊฟຊࡀ᭱኱࡜࡞ࡿᗘࡢప ࢩࣇࢺ⌧㇟ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࣅ࣮࣒ᚄࢆ
8.0mm࡟ᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ(c)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ ᗘࢩࣇࢺࡀᢚไࡉࢀࠊྑୗࡢᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ฟຊࡢ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾ᫬㛫≉ᛶࡶⰋዲ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ
[Optics Continuum Vol.1, 2274 (2022)]ࠋ
FIG. CLBO⣲Ꮚ࡟ධᑕࡍࡿ532nmᖹ⾜ࣅ࣮࣒ࡢ┤ᚄࢆኚ࠼ࡓ᫬ࡢ266nmගἼ㛗ኚ᥮≉ᛶࠋྑୗࡢᅗࡣࣅ࣮࣒ᚄ
ࢆኚ࠼ࡓ᫬ࡢฟຊࡢ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾ᫬㛫≉ᛶࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ
Optics Continuumㄅ ࡼࡾᘬ⏝ࠋ- 73 -

ZnO Synthesis (via Spray Pyrolysis) and Optical Characterization for
Radiation Detection
V. A. Samson1, M. J. F. Empizo2, N. Sarukura2
1) Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Philippine, 2) 2Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, JapanSUMMARY

Thin film deposition is crucial in fabricating ZnObased
devices such as radiation detectors, photovoltaic solar
cells, piezoelectric generators, etc. One efficient andcost-effective way to deposit ZnO thin film is throughthe spray pyrolysis method. In this study, ZnO thinfilms were deposited in glass substrates via sprayp yr o l ys i s a t va r yi n g z i n c a c e t a te p r e c u r s o r
concentrations and substrate temperatures. The
structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties ofthe films were investigated via XRD, SEM, UV/Vis,and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
ZnO with wurtzite structure was successfully depositedin glass substrate via spray pyrolysis method. ZnO
crystals have preferential growth in (100) and (110)planes. In spectroscopy, five emission bands wereobserved in the PL spectra of the samples namely: UV,
violet, blue-green, green, and yellow-orange emissions.

FIG. PL Spectroscopy of ZnO. UV emission is near-bandedge emission of ZnO. Green emission (500-nm) is possible
surface defects in the nanocrystalline particles of ZnO
nanomaterials.

- 74 -

PL spectroscopy of ex-situ regrown AlGaN layers for enhancement mode GaN-based MIS-HEMTs
Joel T. Asubar1, Shogo Maeda1, Ali Baratov1, Masaki Ishiguro1, Toi Nezu1, Takahiro Igarashi1, Kishi Sekiyama1,
Keito Shinohara2, Melvin John F. Empizo2, Akio Yamamoto1, and Nobuhiko Sarukura2
1) University of Fukui, Japan, 2) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, JapanSUMMARY

In this work, we compare the structural, optical andelectrical properties of our proposed recessed-gate with
regrownbarrier
GaN-based
metal-insulatorsemiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MISHEMTs) (see Figure 1a) with those of conventional
recessed-gate GaN-based MIS-HEMTs (Figure 1b).
We have previously reported record combination ofdrain current and threshold voltage from our proposed
device. To shed light on the possible mechanism of thisexcellent
performance,
we
performed
photoluminescence spectroscopy on our regrown
AlGaN/GaN and commercially available AlGaN/GaN
heterostructures. We found highly reduced yellow
luminescence (YL) intensity around 2.1 to 2.2 eV in
regrown AlGaN/GaN layers (Figure 1c), evidencing
the possible reduced point defects, leading to highpositive threshold voltage and high current for thecorresponding device.

FIG. 1. Schematic illustration of (a) proposed recessed-gatewith regrown barrier GaN-based MIS-HEMT and (b)conventional recessed-gate GaN-based MIS-HEMT. (c) PL
spectra of regrown AlGaN/GaN and commercial AlGaN/GaN.

- 75 -

㏱ගᛶࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࢫࢩࣥࢳ࣮ࣞࢱࡢ๰〇 III㯮⃝ಇ௓1,2, ᒣ㊰᫭ᗈ1, ⸨ཎຍዉ21) ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY
Hfྵ᭷㓟໬≀ࡣ㧗࠸᭷ຠཎᏊ␒ྕࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
࣐࢞ࣥ⥺᳨ฟຠ⋡ࡢⅬ࠿ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡟᭷ᮃ࡞ࢩࣥࢳ
࣮ࣞࢱᮦᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊCeῧຍSrHfO3ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ᨺ㟁↝⤖ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ἲ㸦SPSἲ㸧࡞࡝ࡢ᥈⣴࡛ࠊHf㓟໬≀ࡢ୰࡛Ⓨගຠ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸Ce3+ ࡢ5d-4f㑄⛣㸦チᐜ㑄⛣㸧⏤᮶ࡢⓎගࡀぢ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊ
ྜᡂရࡣ୙㏱᫂య࡛ࠊ࣐࢞ࣥ⥺↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿἼ㧗್ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝୖ࡛ࠊග㟁྾཰ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀぢ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
௒ᖺᗘࡣSPSἲ࡞࡝ࡢᮏ↝⤖ࡢ๓࡟⾜࠺๓↝⤖࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭱㐺໬ࡸࠊ↝⤖ຓ๣ࡢ᥈⣴࡞࡝ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ
ࡓࠋᅛ┦཯ᛂἲ࡛ࡢ๓↝⤖࡛ࡣࠊ⇕㔜㔞࣭♧ᕪ⇕ྠ᫬ศᯒ࡞࡝ࡶᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱㐺࡞๓↝⤖࡟࠿ࡅࡿᗘࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㐺ษ࡞ຓ๣ࡢ᥈⣴ࡢᚋࠊᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ẚ㍑ⓗ㏱᫂ᗘࡢ࠶ࡿᮦᩱࡢ᥈⣴࡟ᡂຌ
ࡋࡓࠋ
FIG.

- 76 -

CeῧຍSrHfO3㏱ගᛶࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࡢ෗┿᪂つ㧗⼥Ⅼ㓟໬≀༢⤖ᬗࡢ⫱ᡂ࡜ගᏛ≉ᛶホ౯ᶓ⏣ ᭷Ⅽ1,2, ᇼྜ Ẏᙪ21) ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ 㔠ᒓᮦᩱ◊✲ᡤ, 2) ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ ᮍ᮶⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ඹྠ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮

SUMMARYࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᮦᩱ᥈⣴ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ2200ႏ௨
ୖࡢ⼥Ⅼࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᶵ⬟ᛶ༢⤖ᬗᮦᩱ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᮾ
໭኱Ꮫࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㧗⼥Ⅼ㓟໬≀ᮦᩱࡢ⤖ᬗ⫱ᡂᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᵝࠎ࡞Ⓨග୰ᚰඖ⣲ࢆῧຍࡋࡓ㧗⼥Ⅼ༢⤖ᬗࢆస〇ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ୰࡛ErࢆῧຍࡋࡓLa2Hf2O7 ༢⤖ᬗ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ
኱㜰኱Ꮫࡀಖ᭷ࡍࡿ㉥እ㡿ᇦࡲ࡛ࡢ ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡞⺯ග ᐃ⿦⨨ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㉥እⓎග≉ᛶࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ
1000࠾ࡼࡧ1500 nm㏆ഐ࡟Er3+࢖࢜ࣥ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿⓎගࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᙜヱᮦᩱࡣࠊᚑ᮶ᮦᩱ࡟ẚ࡭࡚኱ࡁ࡞ᐦᗘࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᨺᑕ⥺ྥࡅࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢩࣥࢳ࣮ࣞࢱ⤖ᬗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋFIG. (Please put the figure caption here.)
ErῧຍLa2Hf2O7༢⤖ᬗࡢ㉥እ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿບ㉳࣭Ⓨගࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࠋ- 77 -

┿✵⣸እ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿගᏛᮦᩱࡢᒅᢡ⋡ࡢᐃᱵᮧ ಙᘯ1, ྜྷᮧ ᨻᚿ2, …
1) බ❧༓ṓ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ, 2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ

SUMMARY(a)
D┿✵⣸እ⥺Ἴ㛗㡿ᇦ࡟㏱㐣⋡ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿගᏛᮦᩱ
ࡢᒅᢡ⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣉࣜࢬ࣒ศᩓἲ࡟ࡼࡾ⢭ᐦ࡟ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ᐃ⣔ࡢ᳨ウࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ(Fig.(a))ࠋ
ලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ ᐃ࡟ᚲせ࡞࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ග※࡜ࡋ࡚
Nd:YAG࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢ➨㸳㧗ㄪἼ࡟ࡼࡿ῝⣸እ⥺ࣃࣝࢫග(Ἴ㛗212.8 nm)ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ170nmࡢ┿✵⣸እ⥺Ⓨ⏕ࡢ᳨ウࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᅇ
㌿ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࢆㄪ㐩ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟❅⣲ࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ
タィ࣭సᡂཬࡧ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋணഛᐇ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊSBO⤖ᬗࡢࣉࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᒅᢡ⋡ࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊἼ㛗632.8 nmࡢᒅᢡ⋡ࡢᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊἼ㛗266 nm ࡢᒅᢡ⋡ ᗘᚤศ(dn/dT)ࢆ ᐃࡋࠊṇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ

nsin(D  G )sin D

D: Apex angle

(b)

Gs
Gf
nf
ns

(c)

ɷ

Prism
HeʷNe
Ϫʖδʖ

FIG. (a) ᐃ⣔ࡢᴫせࠋ
FIG. (b) ❅⣲ࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮ࡢእほ
FIG. (c) He-Ne࣮ࣞࢨ࣮(632.8 nm )࡟ࡼࡿ ᐃࡢᴫἣ- 78 -

㧗ᐦᗘࣉࣛࢬ࣐୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᢬ᢠ⋡໙㓄࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙉ☢ሙ⏕ᡂࡢࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ
⩚ཎⱥ᫂⸨ᇦ῟ᖹୖᒣ៞඾Ᏻ㒊ຬ㍤ᇛᓮ▱⮳㛗཭ⱥኵ ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ ᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ඛ㐍⌮ᕤ⣔⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉

SUMMARY(a)
GHOD\ QV

GHOD\ QV

GHOD\ QV

(b)

0.04

25

Ni-KD / Cu-KD

Exp.naked
0.03

Exp.buried
Sim.naked

20

Sim.buried

15

0.02
10
0.01

5

0.00

0
-1

-0.5

0

delay (ns)0.5Collimation index (ȳ ȉ Ɋmଶ )ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ㧗㏿Ⅼⅆ᪉ᘧ࡟࠾࠸࡚㏣ຍ⇕࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࡜ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ㧗㏿㟁
ᏊࡢⓎᩓࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ
ᡭἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᢬ᢠ⋡໙㓄࡛⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ⮬ᕫ⏕ᡂ☢ሙ࡟ࡼࡿ㟁Ꮚ㞟᮰ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏᖺᗘ
ࡣࠊ᫖ᖺᗘ⾜ࡗࡓᐇドᐇ㦂࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊὶయࢩ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚ồࡵࡓ᢬ᢠ⋡ศᕸ࡜ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ࡢ┦㛵࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ᢬ᢠ⋡໙㓄ࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࠾ࡼࡧ㟁Ꮚᐦᗘ࠿ࡽ௬ᐃࡋࡓ㧗㏿㟁Ꮚ⏕ᡂ఩⨨㸦ྑᅗ D ࡢ▮༳⟠ᡤ㸧࡛ࡢ༙ᚄࡢ㸰஌ࡢ✚ࢆ&ROOLPDWLRQ LQGH[࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ࡜ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ࡼࡃఝࡓഴྥࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾࠊ᢬ᢠ⋡໙㓄ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࡑࡢศᕸࡶ㔜せ࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛ
ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡓࠋ1

FIG. 1 ᢬ᢠ⋡໙㓄ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ࡢ┦㛵(a)ὶయࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥồࡵࡓᐇ㦂᫬ࡢ᢬ᢠ⋡໙㓄ศᕸࠊ(b) Collimation index࡜ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ࡢ┦㛵- 79 -

㉸▷ࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍᕤࡢ⤫ྜࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ㛤Ⓨ
ྂἙ⿱அ1, ▮ⰼ୍ᾈ2, 㛗཭ⱥኵ3,୕㛫ᅞ⯆3,1)࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ, 2)⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫィ⟬⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮, 3)኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤᮏᖺᗘࡣࠊ㉸▷ࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ຍᕤ࡟࠾࠸࡚㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᅛయ୰ࡢ㟁Ꮚບ㉳㐣⛬ࠖࡢゎ᫂࡟ὀどࡋࡓࠋ᫬㛫౫Ꮡᐦᗘỗ㛵ᩘ⌮ㄽࢥ࣮ࢻ࡛࠶
ࡿ ࠕ SALMON (Scalable Ab-initio Light-Matter
simulator for Optics and Nanoscience )ࠖࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ
SiO2 ⤖ᬗ࡟㉸▷ࣃࣝࢫ㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ↷ᑕࡋࠊග㟁ሙ࡟ࡼࡿບ㉳࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊཬࡧບ㉳㟁Ꮚᩘࡢ᫬㛫Ⓨᒎࢆồࡵࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊSALMON ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㟁Ꮚࡢගບ㉳ࡢ࣮ࣞࢺಀᩘࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᙉᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ
ồࡵࡓࠋ

37

ගບ㉳ಀᩘ ( / cm3 / s )SUMMARY

10

SALMON

36

10

35

10

34

10

33

10

32

10

31

10

13

10

2

I ( W / cm )14

10ồࡵࡓ㟁Ꮚࡢගບ㉳ࡢ࣮ࣞࢺಀᩘࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᙉᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࠋ
㉥୸ࡣࠊSALMON ࡛ồࡵࡓ≀ࠋ㟷ࡢᐇ⥺ࡣࠊKeldyshࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࠊband gap = 9eVࠊ᭷ຠ㉁㔞 = 0.3 meࠊ⥳ࡢᐇ⥺ࡣࠊband gap = 8eVࠊ᭷ຠ㉁㔞 = 0.3 meࠊ࡜ࡋࡓ≀ࠋ- 80 -

㉥࣭⥳࣭㟷Ⰽ࣮ࣞࢨග※࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫ࣌ࢵࢡࣝࡢホ౯࡜ᢚไᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⏣㎶⛱1㸪㉺ᬛᆂ୕2 㸪 ᒣᮏ࿴ஂ21) ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARY༙ᑟయ࣮ࣞࢨࢆࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࡸ↷᫂ࡢග※࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ⊃ᖏᇦࢆ᭷ࡍࡿග※࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ
ࢫ࣌ࢵࢡࣝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊ⢭ᐦ࡞ᨺᑕ㔞ࡸⰍᗘࡢ ᐃ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢග※࠿ࡽࡢࢫ࣌ࢵࢡࣝࡢᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡸࠊࡑࡢపῶᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ྑᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡞༙ᑟయ࣮ࣞࢨ࡜✚ศ⌫ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓග※࠿ࡽᨺᑕࡉࢀࡿࢫ࣌ࢵࢡࣝࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺ
&Vࢆࠊᑓ⏝ࡢ ᐃჾࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࠊࢩࣥࢢ࣮ࣝࣔࢻ࡜࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢻࡢ༙ᑟ
య࣮ࣞࢨࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ&Vࢆホ౯ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢻ࣮ࣞࢨࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢫ
࣌ࢵࢡࣝࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ᢚไ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒
ᚋࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࠊ࣮ࣞࢨග※ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࡸ↷᫂ᶵჾࡢಙ㢗ᛶࡢྥୖࡉࡏࡿ
◊✲࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

FIG.༙ᑟయ࣮ࣞࢨ࡜✚ศ⌫ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࠿ࡽࡢࢫ࣌ࢵࢡࣝホ౯ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦ᕥ㸧࡜༙ᑟయ࣮ࣞࢨࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿࢫ
࣌ࢵࢡࣝࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺ್&Vࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦ྑ㸧

- 81 -

Nonlinear interaction in multi-layer fluid interfaces with density stratification
Chihiro Matsuoka1,2,3
1) Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 2) Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical andExperimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3) Osaka Central Advanced Mathematical Institute(OCAMI), Osaka Metropolitan University
SUMMARY
Nonlinear interaction between two interfaces in theincompressible
multi-layer
Richtmyer-Meshkov
instability (RMI) is investigated using the vortex sheet
model (VSM) theoretically and numerically. We
obtained the following results that࣭when a strong vortex sheet approaches a weaker one
possessing an opposite sign to the former sheet, alocally peaked vorticity of the opposite sign is inducedon the weaker sheet,࣭ the interaction of the opposite-signed vorticity
induced on the weaker sheet with the stronger sheet
further amplifies the strength of the stronger sheet.
These results are applicable not only to plasma physics
but also to various areas, such as geophysical fluid
mechanics and marine engineering.

(a)

(c)

(b)

(d)

FIG. Temporal evolution of two interfaces in RMI, where time
passes from (a) to (c). Panel (d) is the magnification of theboxed area of (c). Blue (red) filled-in circles denote the largest
vorticity points with a negative (positive) sign, while open
circles denote the second largest vorticity points designated by
the same colors.

- 82 -

࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣆ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ↷ᑕ᮲௳᭱㐺໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㒊㇂ Ꮫ1,2㸪⣒ᯘᜨே1 㸪㔜᳃ၨ௓31) ඖ࣭኱㜰⏘ᴗ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᕤᏛ⛉㸪2) ㏆␥኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗᕤᏛ⛉㸪3) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARYᚑ᮶ࡢ┤᥋↷ᑕᆺࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࣆ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ࡛ࡣࠊ
㞟ගࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ୰ኸ㏆ഐࡢ㔠ᒓ⾲㠃ࡣ⁐⼥ࡋࠊᘬᙇࡾᛂຊࡀṧ␃ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࿘㎶㒊࡟ᅽ⦰ṧ␃ᛂຊ㡿ᇦࡀࢻ࣮ࢼࢶ≧࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ2ࡘࡢ㞟ගࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࢆ
⏝࠸ࢀࡤࠊࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ㛫࡟ᅽ⦰ṧ␃ᛂຊࡀ㔜࡞ࡿ㡿ᇦࡀᙧᡂ࡛ࡁࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞ᅽ⦰ṧ␃ᛂຊ௜୚ࡀᮇᚅ
࡛ࡁࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡢ㛫㝸࠾ࡼࡧࡎࡽ
ࡋ㊥㞳ࢆኚ᭦ࡋ࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ1 mm௨ୖࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ㛫㝸ࠊ250-350 Pm⛬ᗘࡢࡎࡽࡋ㊥㞳࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊฎ⌮㔠ᒓ⾲㠃ࡢᅽ⦰ṧ␃ᛂຊࡢቑ኱ࡀほࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊฎ⌮᫬㛫ࡢ▷⦰ࠊ῝㒊࡬ࡢᅽ⦰ṧ␃ᛂຊࡢ௜୚ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

FIG. ࢲࣈࣝࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࣆ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ↷ᑕᚋࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ㛫㝸࠾ࡼࡧࡎࡽࡋ㊥㞳ࢆኚ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ⾲㠃ṧ␃ᛂຊࡢኚ໬ࠋ
ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ㛫㝸ࡀ⣙1 mm௨ୖࠊࡎࡽࡋ㊥㞳ࡀ250-350 Pm࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞⾲㠃ᅽ⦰ṧ␃ᛂຊࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ

- 83 -

Radiation MHD simulations of accretion disks (2022B2-009HIROSE)ᘅ℩㔜ಙ1㸪బ㔝Ꮥዲ21) ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲேᾏὒ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARY㔜ຊኳయࡢ࿘ᅖ࡟ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㝆╔෇┙ࡣࠊ㝆╔࢞ࢫࡢ㔜ຊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ⇕࣭㍽ᑕ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ኚ᥮ࡋࠊᵝࠎ࡞ኳయάື⌧㇟ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ࡜
ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚ᥮ࡣ㍽ᑕ☢ẼὶయຊᏛࡢ㠀⥺ᙧ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟
ࡼࡿ◊✲ࡀᚲ㡲࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢᐇ
⾜࡟ᚲせ࡞㍽ᑕ࡜࢞ࢫࡢ┦஫స⏝㸻࢜ࣃࢩࢸ࢕ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡࢥ࣮ࢻOPTAB ࢆᡃࠎࡣ᫖ᖺᗘ᏶
ᡂࡉࡏࡓࠋᮏᖺᗘࡣࠊ ᗘࡀ1୓ࢣࣝࣅࣥࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㧗࢞ࢫࡢ࢜ࣃࢩࢸ࢕ࡶィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺OPTAB࡟ᨵⰋࢆຍ࠼ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧ࠋࡑࡢᡂᯝࡣࠊGithub࡟࡚බ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸸https://github.com/nombac/optab ࠋ

ᅗ: OPTABࡢฟຊ౛㸸ࣟࢫࣛࣥࢻᖹᆒ࢜ࣃࢩࢸ࢕
㸦ୖ㸧࡜ࣉࣛࣥࢡᖹᆒ࢜ࣃࢩࢸ࢕㸦ୗ㸧ࠋ ᗘࡀ10୓ࢣࣝࣅࣥࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿཎᏊࢹ࣮ࢱ
㸦Kurucz database㸧ࡀ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ࡓࡵࣉࣛࣥࢡᖹᆒ
࢜ࣃࢩࢸ࢕ࡢ್ࡀ㐣ᑠホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀពࠋ

- 84 -

⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᛂ⏝ᐇ㦂ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒ไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨᑠ⏣ 㟹ஂ11) ᦤ༡኱Ꮫ

SUMMARYγʖϚϠʖνʖX࣢ητʖζ

ϓΧφξ΢ΨʖχΠϪ΢͹৶ߺ

10㹼100Hz࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋືసࡍࡿ㧗ฟຊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮
ϕϫʖϔϪʖδʖγʖϚϠʖνͳόθϩࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡴ୰ࠊࡇࢀࢆᾮ⁲ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟↷ᑕࡍ ௜ಊητʖζόθϩҒ஖ࡿ◊✲ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋືస࡛ࡢᐇ
੏‫ྫࢨޜ‬
कϪʖδʖ㦂࡛ࡣࠊࢩࣙࢵࢺ㛫ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ఩⨨ไᚚࢆ⮬ື
PLC
ޭ‫ݗ‬ड़
໬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ఩
৶ߺ⨨ࢆ┤⥺≧࡟」ᩘࡢගࢭࣥࢧࡀ㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢛ࢺ
ϓΧφξ΢ΨʖχΠϪ΢ӹରζΥρφࢲ࢖࣮࢜ࢻ࢔ࣞ࢖࡟ࡼࡾ᳨ฟࡋࠊࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ
ไᚚࢆࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞ไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛤Ⓨ࡟ྥࡅࡓ‽ഛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)ୖ࡟ගࢭࣥࢧಙ
໪ඬҒ஖Ͳ੫ఈ
ྕࡢ㜈᳨್ฟ࡜┤ືࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡢไᚚᣦ௧ฟຊࢆ⾜࠺ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᖺᗘࡣࠊᾮ⁲ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ඛ㥑ࡅ࡚ᾮయࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢ
ϓΡʖχώρέ੏‫ޜ‬͹݃Վ͹ྭ఩⨨᳨ฟ࡜ไᚚࢆヨࡳࡓࠋᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡍᐇ㦂⣔࡛ࠊνʖΰρφοϡϱώʖͳϕϫʖϔޭ͹ޭָ‫ܧ‬ᾮయࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ືస᳨ドࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᾮయࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࣀࢬࣝࡢ఩⨨ࢆ఩⨨࡟཰᮰ࡉࡏࡿᅗ㸯 ᾮయࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡿࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ఩⨨ࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࢻ
ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡไᚚࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡇ
ࣂࢵࢡไᚚᐇ㦂⣔ࡢᴫせ࡜ࠊࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡไᚚ࡟ࡼࡾ
ࡢᡂᯝࡣࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࡢ㐠⏝࡟ᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ⮬ືไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ┠ᶆ఩⨨࡛㟼ᐃࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ- 85 -

࣮࢝࣎ࣥࢼࣀࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣇ࢛ࣞࢫࢺ࣓ࢱ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝࡢࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᨺᑕ྾཰≉ᛶྂ⏣ ᐶ11) 㧗▱ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ
SUMMARY␗᪉ᛶ㟁Ẽఏᑟ⋡ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ༢ᒙ࣮࢝࣎ࣥࢼࣀ
ࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࣇ࢛ࣞࢫࢺࡣࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ࣓ࢱ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝ
࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㧗ရ㉁࣮࢝࣎ࣥ
ࢼࣀࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ &17 ᵓ㐀యࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ⇕ⓗᏳᐃ࡞ᑠ┤ᚄ㧗㠃✚ᐦᗘࡢゐ፹ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㓟໬㕲ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚゐ፹ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ⮬ື࢝ࢯ࣮ࢻࢩࣕࢵ
ࢱ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㓟໬2࢞ࢫไᚚ࡟ࡼࡿ㛫Ḟࢫࣃࢵࢱࣜࣥࢢᡂ⭷࡛ࠊ&+㸦࢔ࢭࢳࣞࣥ㸧࢞ࢫ※ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⇕&9'࡟ࡼࡿ༢ᒙ&17㸦6:17㸧ᡂ㛗࡜㓟໬ )H ࢼ
ࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ),*ࡣࠊࢫࣃࢵࢱࣜࣥࢢᡂ⭷ࡋࡓ)Hゐ፹ୖ࡟&+࢞ࢫࢆ౪⤥ࡋ⇕&9'ἲ࡛ᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡓ&17ࡢ࣐ࣛࣥࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࡛ࣝ
࠶ࡿࠋཌࡉ QP ࡢ )H ゐ፹ୖ࡟ 6:17V ࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡓࠋ-(2/ $50 7(0࡟ࡼࡿほᐹ࡛┤ᚄ  QP ࡢ
6:17 ࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸦),*㸦E㸧㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ6:17ᡂ㛗᫬ࡢ)Hゐ፹ࢆ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣝࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㧗ᐦᗘࡢ)Hゐ፹ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ>@ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣࠊ⛉◊㈝ᇶ┙& .ࡢᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ
FIG. Raman spectra of SWNT and MWNT grown on shutter[1] H. Furuta et al., FNTG63 (Aug 31, 2022, Tokyo
sputter Fe catalysts[2], (b) TEM image of the obtained SWNT
Metro Univ.)and (c)AFM image of annealed Fe catalyst film deposited by
shutter SPT on AlO(30nm)/th-SiO substrate [1]- 86 -

㏱ගᛶࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࢫᮦᩱࡢ㛤Ⓨྂ℩⿱❶1, 㯮ἑᑗᖹ1, ⸨ᒸຍዉ2
1) ໭ぢᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ, 2)኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARY㏱ගᛶࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࢫࡣ㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᮦᩱ௨እ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ⓑⰍ↷᫂⏝⺯ගయࡸࢩࣥࢳ࣮ࣞࢱ㸪ࣇ࢓ࣛࢹ࣮ᮦᩱ࡞࡝ᖜᗈ࠸ගᏛศ㔝࡬ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᵝࠎ࡞స〇ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ୰࡛㸪໭ぢᕤ኱࡛ࡣᨺ㟁ࣉࣛࢬ࣐↝⤖ἲ㸦Spark Plasma Sintering: SPS)࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ᶵ⬟ᛶࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ᫖ᖺᗘ࡟⥆ࡁ㸪SPSἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣇࢵ໬≀⣔ᮦᩱࡢ㏱᫂໬࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔ㸬ᕷ㈍ࡢCaF2⢊యࡢSPS↝⤖ࢆ⾜࠸㸪㏱᫂໬࡬ࡢㄢ㢟ᢳฟࢆヨࡳࡓ㸬ᵝࠎ࡞᮲௳࡛↝⤖ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪850ႏ࡛↝⤖ࡋࡓ㝿࡟㧗࠸㏱ගᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ↝⤖యࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ἴ㛗㸯ȝm࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┤⥺㏱㐣⋡ࡣ60㸣⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪௒ᚋࡣ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㧗ရ㉁໬࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌FIG. SPS࡛↝⤖ࡋࡓCaF2ࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࢫ㸬ࡴணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬- 87 -

Decay instabilities of whistler waves in solar wind plasmas
T. Sano1, Y. Sentoku1
1) Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University
SUMMARY㧗㏿㟁Ἴࣂ࣮ࢫࢺ(Fast Radio Burst; FRB)࡜࿧ࡤ
ࢀࡿኳయ⌧㇟࡛ࡣࠊ࣑ࣜ⛊⛬ᗘࡢ▷࠸ᣢ⥆᫬㛫ࡢ
㧗㍤ᗘ㟁Ἴᨺᑕ(᣺ືᩘࡣ1 GHz⛬ᗘ)ࡀほ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㟁☢Ἴࡢ↓ḟඖ໬ࡉࢀࡓ᣺ᖜࡣࠊa0 =104ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᙉᗘ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋFRBࡢᨺᑕ※ཬࡧᨺᑕᶵᵓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᮍゎ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࣐ࢢࢿࢱ࣮࡜
࿧ࡤࢀࡿ1015 ࢞࢘ࢫ⛬ᗘࡢ☢ሙࢆᣢࡘ୰ᛶᏊᫍ࡜
ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡋ㟁Ἴ※ࡀ୰ᛶᏊᫍ
ࡢࡈࡃ㏆ഐ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡢ㧗ᙉᗘ㟁☢
Ἴࡣ୰ᛶᏊᫍ☢Ẽᅪࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ-㝧㟁Ꮚࣉࣛࢬ࣐୰࡛ࠊ☢ຊ⥺࡟ἢࡗ࡚ఏ᧛ࡍࡿ෇೫ග㟁☢Ἴࡢఏ᧛≉ᛶࢆヲࡋࡃゎᯒࡋࡓࠋᅗ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㏱㐣ࡸ཯ᑕࠊࡲࡓࡣ
ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢆᢲࡋࡢࡅ࡚౵ධ࡞࡝ࠊἼࡢ᣺ᖜ࡟౫Ꮡ
ࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࠕ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮Ᏹᐂ≀⌮ࠖࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᐇ㦂᳨࡛ドྍ⬟࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪ࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㧗ᐦᗘࣉࣛࢬ࣐(ᐦᗘࡣ⮫⏺ᐦᗘࡢ100ಸ)࡟↷ᑕࡉࢀࡓ෇೫ග㟁☢Ἴࡀࠊࣉࣛࢬ࣐୰ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ఏ᧛ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓPICࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ⤖ᯝࠋఏ᧛≉ᛶࡣ⫼ᬒ☢ሙࡢᙉᗘ(⮫⏺☢ሙᙉᗘ࡛つ᱁໬ࡋࡓ↓ḟඖ㔞)࡜㟁☢Ἴࡢ᣺ᖜ(つ᱁໬࣋ࢡࢺ࣏ࣝࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝ)࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᏳᐃఏ᧛ࠖࠕㄏᑟࣉ
ࣜࣝ࢔ࣥᩓ஘࡟ࡼࡿ཯ᑕࠖࠕ㍽ᑕᅽ࡟ࡼࡿࣉࣛࢬ࣐ᅽ⦰ࠖࡢ3ࡘࡢࣃࢱ࣮
ࣥ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

- 88 -

➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬࡟ࡼࡿGaNࡢ⤖ᬗḞ㝗࡜ග≀ᛶ࠾ࡼࡧ⇕≀ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
Ἑᮧ㈗ᏹ1㸪᳃ຬ௓2㸪ྜྷᮧᨻᚿ31) ୕㔜኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸪3) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARY㟁Ꮚᶵჾࡢᑠᆺ໬ࠊ㧗ฟຊ໬࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ᨺ⇕ᑐ⟇ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋGaNࡣ200W/mK௨ୖࡢ㧗࠸⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᚑ᮶ࡢSiࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡜
ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᨺ⇕ᶵᵓࡢᑠᆺ໬ࠊ⡆␎໬ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢹࣂ࢖ࢫタィ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᵓᡂᮦᩱࡢṇ☜࡞≀ᛶ್ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊ⤖ᬗ୰࡟ࡣពᅗࡍࡿࡋ࡞࠸࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎᵝࠎ࡞⤖ᬗḞ㝗ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྛ✀≀ᛶ㸦㟁Ꮚ≀ᛶࠊග≀ᛶࠊ⇕≀ᛶ࡞࡝㸧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊGaN୰ࡢ⤖ᬗḞ㝗ࡀ⇕≀ᛶ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚⇕ఏᑟ⋡ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ300K ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ GaN ᏶ ඲ ⤖ ᬗ ࡢ ィ ⟬ ⤖ ᯝ
㸦325W/mK㸧ࢆᇶ‽࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㧗⣧ᗘ㸦a1021
cm-3 㸧ࡢO୙⣧≀ࡲࡓࡣGa✵Ꮝࢆྵࡴሙྜࠊ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࡣ⣙60㹼80%ῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࡢኚ໬ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣḞ㝗㸦୙⣧≀㸧ࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ௒ᚋࡣ௚ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞୙⣧≀㸦SiࠊMg࡞࡝㸧ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゎᯒࢆ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࡣࢹࣂ࢖ࢫࡢᨺ⇕タィ࡟ᚲせ࡞⇕≀ᛶࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀᚓࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡔࡀࠊ
⇕≀ᛶ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢᑡ࡞࠸ῧຍ≀ࡢ᥈⣴࡟⧅ࡀࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

FIG. 1 GaNࡢ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࡢ ᗘ౫ᏑᛶࠋONࡣNཎᏊࢆOཎᏊ࡟⨨᥮ࡋࡓOḞ㝗ࣔࢹࣝࠊࡲࡓVGaࡣGa✵Ꮝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ
࠶ࡿࠋḞ㝗⃰ᗘࡣ⣙1.3u1021 cm-3࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋྠ఩యᩓ
஘࡜ᑍἲຠᯝ㸦1mm㸧ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

- 89 -

࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㐀ᙧἲ࡟ࡼࡿࢩࣜ࢝࢞ࣛࢫᵓ㐀ᙧᡂᮏ㉺ఙ஧1㸪ྜྷ⏣ᐇ2 㸪⸨ᒸຍዉ3㸪 ᆏᮏ㧗ಖ11) 㸦බ㈈㸧࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸪2) ㏆␥኱Ꮫ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊㸪3) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
1 mm

SUMMARYΪϧηන໚ͶߑଆΝ࣍ͯյ઄ޭָોࢢͺɼ༹ʓ͵Ԣ༽෾໼Ͳཤ༽͠Ηͱ͏Ζɽ͞͹න໚ߑଆͺ΢ϱϕϨϱφΏɼ‫ࡡݜ‬ʀঈ‫ڊ‬Յ޽Ͳ‫ܙ‬੔͠Ηͱ͏ΖͪΌɼͨ͹੠ౕɼࣙ༟ౕͶͺ‫ݸ‬ֆ͍͗Εޭָોࢢઅ‫ܯ‬Ν੏‫ͤݸ‬ΖགྷҾͳ͵ͮͱ͏Ζɽຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺɼεϨαʖϱ་Ͷࢷ֐ϪʖδʖޭΝ
লࣻͤΖ͞ͳͶΓΕඏࡋΪϧηߑଆ͹‫ܙ‬੔Ν໪దͶߨͮͱ͏Ζɽ
2022೧ౕͺεϨαϱΤΥύ৏Ͷ౅ා͠ΗͪεϨαʖϱ་ʤ޲͠1ʅmʥͶଲ͢ͱɼഀௗ193nm͹ArF
ΦΫεϜϪʖδʖޭΝ20,000Ϗϩηলࣻ͢ɼҲౕજ৞ͪ͢‫౅ޛ‬ාɼϪʖδʖলࣻΝ‫܃‬ศ͢ɼΪϧηԿ੷૜͗Ն೵Ͳ͍Ζ͞ͳΝࣰৄͪ͢ɽ

ἾὊἈὊ
Ⴚࢲ
ኖ 5mm

㻝㻚㻠
㻝ᅇ┠
㻞ᅇ┠
㻟ᅇ┠
㻠ᅇ┠

㻝㻚㻟

4 3 2 1

㻝㻚㻞

㻝㻚㻝

㻝
㻝㻡

㻞㻜

㻞㻡

㻟㻜

఩⨨䚷㼇㼙㼙㼉

FIG. ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㐀ᙧἲ࡟ࡼࡾ࢞ࣛࢫ໬✚ᒙࡋࡓࢩࣜࢥ࣮
ࣥἜࡢᒅᢡ⋡- 90 -

࠙◊✲ィ⏬ࠚDevelopment of a sub-grid scale model for a stellar convective transportᨻ⏣ὒᖹ1≀⌮⤌㎸ᆺ῝ᒙᏛ⩦㸸3,11V
2బ㔝Ꮥዲ㻔㻝㻕㻌⚟ᒸ኱Ꮫ㻘㻌㻌㻔㻞㻕 㜰኱䝺䞊䝄䞊⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
SUMMARYኳయ䝥䝷䝈䝬䛾㉸పᩓ㐓ᛶ䛿㻘 ᪉⛬ᘧ䛾㞳ᩓ໬䛻䛸䜒䛺䛖ᩘ್ᩓ㐓䜢㑊䛡䜙䜜䛺䛔ኳᩥ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶㢧ᅾⓗㄢ㢟䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹≉䛻㻘 ஘ὶ䛜௓ᅾ䛩䜛≀⌮⌧㇟䛾ᩘ್ⓗ◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䛭䛾ഴྥ䛿㢧ⴭ䛷䛒䜚㻘 ኴ㝧䝎䜲䝘䝰䛾◊✲䛿䛭䛾௦⾲౛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹ಙ㢗䛷䛝䜛஘ὶ䝰䝕䝹↓䛧䛻䛿ṇ䛧䛔ኳయ䝥䝷䝈䝬◊✲䛿୙ྍ⬟䛰䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹࠙◊✲᪉ἲࠚ
ᮏ◊✲䛿㻘 ኳయ䝥䝷䝈䝬஘ὶ⌧㇟䛾䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䝰䝕䝹䛸䛧䛶ኴ㝧䝎䜲䝘䝰䛻ග䜢ᙜ䛶㻘 ᚑ᮶䛸䛿୍⥺䜢⏬䛧䛯஘ὶ䝰䝕䝹䜢㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹௒ᖺᗘ䛿㻘 㟁☢ὶయຊᏛ㻛ᖹᆒሙ⌮ㄽ䛾୰䛻⌧䜜䜛஘ὶ㍺㏦ಀᩘ䜢㻘 䝅䝭䝳䞊䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝕䞊䝍䛛䜙䝬䝅䞊䞁䝷䞊䝙䞁䜾ᡭἲ䜢౑䛳䛶᥎ᐃ䞉ᢳฟ䛩䜛ᡭἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䜢㐍䜑䛯䚹≉䛻ὀ┠䛧䛯䛾䛿㻘 ≀⌮ἲ๎䛻ᇶ䛵䛟῝ᒙᏛ⩦ᡭἲ 㻔㻼㼔㼥㼟㼕㼏㻙㼕㼚㼒㼛㼞㼙㼑㼐 㻺㼑㼡㼞㼍㼘 㻺㼑㼠㼣㼛㼞㼗㼟 㻦㻼㻵㻺㻺㼟㻘 㼑㻚㼓㻚㻘 㻾㼍㼕㼟㼟㼕㻗㻝㻣㼍㻘㼎㻕 䛷䛒䜚㻘 䝙䝳䞊䝷䝹䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛾᳨ウ㻘 ஘ὶ䝕䞊䝍䛾⏕ᡂ䞉ᡂᙧ䠄ゎീᗘ䛾␗䛺䜛䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝕䞊䝍⩌䠅㻘 䛚䜘䜃㻘 䛭䜜䜙䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢౑䛳䛯 㻼㻵㻺㻺㼟ᶵᲔᏛ⩦䛾䝔䝇䝖䜎䛷䜢⾜䛺䛳䛯䚹ḟᖺᗘ௨㝆㻘 䛣䜜䜙䛾᳨ウ⤖ᯝ䛻䜒䛸䛵䛝㻘 䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝷䞁䜢ᐇ᪋ணᐃ䛷䛒䜛䚹పゎീᗘィ⟬
㸦25664㸧㧗ゎീᗘィ⟬
㸦2048512㸧
FIG.㸦ୖ㸧ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸸PINNs㸦ୗ㸧஘ὶィ⟬ࡢࢫࢼࢵࣉࢩࣙࢵࢺ㸦పゎീ㸤㧗ゎീ㸧
- 91-ϕϧθϜଲ޴ࡒ͹਼஍ϠυϨϱή
◁ཎ῟1, ᇛ㷂▱⮳2, 㞴Ἴ឵୍2, すཎຌಟ3, ᒣᮏ┤Ⴙ4,᳃⏣ኴᬛ4, ᮾཱྀṊྐ5 , ᐩ⏣೺ኴ㑻6 , ⏿ᫀ⫱7,㛗཭ⱥኵ31) Center for Materials Under Extreme Environments (CMUXE), School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University,
USA, 2) ᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ, 3) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ, 4) ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ, 5) Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ, 6) ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ6) QST㛵す◊.
SUMMARYըʓͺϪʖδʖ֫༧߻࿏͹մੵͶ͓࢘Ζ਼஍ε
ϝϣϪʖεϥϱαʖχ͹֋൅Ν໪ࢨ͢ͱ͏Ζɽ͞ΗͶΓΕ֫༧߻೫রϕϧθϜ͖Δ͹೘ྙͶଲͤΖ֫༧߻࿏୊Ҳป͹Ԣ౶Ν஦ৼͳͪ͢ঀգఖʤཽࢢ
—ปɼ᫖ࣻ—ཽࢢ—ป૮‫༽ࡠޕ‬ɼป͹ξ΢ψϝέ
ηʥ͹ϝέϫɼϜέϫͶΚͪΖԢ౶Ͷͯ͏ͱఈྖ
ద͵෼ཀྵϠυϨϱήΝՆ೵ͳͤΖɽຌ೧ౕ࣏̐‫ݫ‬᫖ࣻླྀରεϝϣϪʖεϥϱαʖχStar2D͹‫ؔۯ‬੠
ౕ2࣏Կ‫್;ٶ‬Իౕ‫ࢋܯ‬घ๑րྒྷͶΓΕɼ਼஍҈ఈԿɼ‫ࢋܯ‬੠ౕ͹޴৏Νਦͮͪɽ‫݃ࢋܯ‬ՎͺφϞλϱࢆཛྷ‫ܯ‬଎ͳർֳ͢ɼ‫ࢋܯ‬੠ౕ‫ৄݗ‬ΝߨͮͪɽΉͪɼϪʖδʖՅ޽ɼxત‫ݱ‬ɼ‫(֐ࢷ୼ۅ‬EUV)ޭ‫֋ݱ‬൅ɼϪʖδʖ֫༧߻ϫίρφͶ͕͜Ζࣕ‫ـ‬ηϧηνʖɼϪʖδʖՅଐͶ͕͜ΖϕϨϕϧθϜ͹࣎ؔ൅ఴ͵ʹɼଡ༹͵ϕϧθϜϏϧϟʖνͶ͕͏ͱ
Star2DΝ༽͏ͪ‫ࢋܯ‬Νߨ͑͞ͳͶΓΕɼ‫ࢋܯ‬੠ౕ‫ް༙;ٶ‬੓ɼ਼஍Ν֮೟ͪ͢ɽ஥ࣰ͵αʖχրྒྷͶΓΕɼ᫖ࣻླྀରεϝϣϪʖεϥϱ͹੠ౕͺ͞͹਼೧ͫ͜Ν‫ͱݡ‬΍୉͚͘޴৏͢ͱ͏Ζ.

FIG. Star2Dࢥ࣮ࢻ࡛ィ⟬ࡋࡓ㔠ᒓ(ࢫࢬ)࡟࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢆ↷ᑕࡋࡓ᫬ࡢ⭾ᙇࣉࣛࢬ࣐㸦㟁Ꮚᐦᗘ)ࡢ᫬㛫ⓎᒎࠋᨵⰋᚋࡣ㏿ᗘࡢ✵㛫⢭ᗘࡀྥୖࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮ࢫ
࣏ࢵࢺ࿘ᅖࡢ⏕ᡂࣉࣛࢬ࣐ᐦᗘࡢศᕸࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋࡓ.

- 92 -

㉸ఏᑟ࣓ࢱ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓMKIDs᳨ฟჾࡢ◊✲Research and development of MKIDs detector using superconducting metamaterial
X. Zheng1,2, C. Otani1,2,
1) Tohoku University, Japan, 2) RAP, RIKEN, Japan
Transmission of Anopole
under THz irradiation with E-X polarization

(b)
5 m
40 m

5 m

80 m

SUMMARY(a)㉸ఏᑟ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼຊᏛ࢖ࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ᳨ฟჾ
㸦MKIDs㸧ࡣࠊಙྕ⥺1ᮏ࡛ከ⣲Ꮚಙྕࢆྠ᫬࡟
ㄞࡳฟࡏࡿ᳨ฟჾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㉸ఏᑟ࣐࢖ࢡࣟἼඹ᣺ჾ࡟࣓ࢱ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᖺᗘࡣࠊඹ᣺ჾᵓ㐀࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴ࢔ࢼ࣏࣮ࣝᆺ࣓ࢱ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝࡢタィ࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᅗ1ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Nb㉸ఏᑟయࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᵓ㐀࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣜࣥࢢඹ
᣺ჾࡢእᚄࠊኴࡉࠊࢠࣕࢵࣉࡢᖜ࡞࡝ࡢ᮲௳ࢆኚ
࠼ࠊ࣓ࢱ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝບ㉳㏱㐣㸦TIT㸧ࢆ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ࡢ᥈⣴ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏ
࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⰻዲ࡞TITࢆ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ࢆྠᐃࡋࡓࠋ

2 m
10

m

Surface current at m1

Magnetic field at m1

Electric field at m1

(d)

(e)

Materials
Electrode: Nb SC
Substrate: Si(c)FIG. (a)㉸ఏᑟయࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏࡢ࢔ࢼ࣏࣮ࣝᆺ
࣓ࢱ࣐ࢸࣜ࢔ࣝࡢᶍᘧᅗ, (b) ㏱㐣ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ౛, (c) (b)ࡢm1Ⅼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⾲㠃㟁ὶศᕸ, (d)☢ሙᙉᗘศᕸ, (e) 㟁ሙᙉᗘࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝ.

- 93 -

」ྜ࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥ໬ྜ≀ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᪂つⓎගᮦᩱࡢ㛤ⓎⲶ㔝ᣅ1㸪ຍ⸨㝯ᐶ1㸪ᒾబ♸ᕼ1㸪⊷಴ಙᙪ21) ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ

SUMMARYᒙ≧໬ྜ≀ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊ✚ᒙᵓ㐀ࡀኳ↛ࡢ㔞Ꮚ஭ᡞ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᵝࠎ࡞≉␗≀ᛶࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ໬ྜ≀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ”」ྜ࢔ࢽ࢜ࣥ໬ྜ≀”ࡢ≉ᚩࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ከࡃࡢ
ᒙ≧໬ྜ≀ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ Sr3Sc2Cu2Ch2O5,
Sr2ScCuChO3[1,2] ࡞࡝ບ㉳ᏊⓎගࢆ♧ࡍ≀㉁ࡢྜ
ᡂ࡟ࡶᡂຌࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ໬ྜ≀ࡣࠊ༙ᑟయ
࡛࠶ࡿCuSᒙ࡜⤯⦕ᒙࡢSrScOᒙ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࣂࣥࢻ
࢚ࢵࢪ㏆ഐ࡟㗦࠸Ⓨග⥺ࡀほ ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ
㢮⦕໬ྜ≀࡛࠶ࡿSr2ZnCu2Se2O2ࢆྜᡂࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ
ᅛ┦཯ᛂࡢࡳ࡛ẚ㍑ⓗ኱ᆺࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡀ⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛᪼ ㏿ᗘࠊಖᣢ᫬㛫ࠊ↝ᡂ ᗘ࡞࡝ࡢྜᡂࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚⤖ᬗࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㧗 ↝ᡂ࡟ࡼࡾmmࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ༢⤖ᬗࡀ⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᡂᯝࢆᏛ఍Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ࡯࠿ࠊ௒ᚋࡣࡇࡢ༢⤖ᬗࡢ⤖ᬗᛶࠊගᏛ≉ᛶホ౯ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

[1] H. Ogino et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 (2012) 191901[2] Y. Iwasa, H. Ogino et al., J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 30 (2019)16827-16832(a)a)) তԻ
a
তԻ 3
300
0Υ/h
900
0 Υ 24 h

200
0 ȝm

(c)
c) ฯ࣍࣎ؔ
ؔ 72 h

(b)
b) তԻ
Ի 150
0Υ/h

200
0 ȝm

(d)
d)Իౕ
ౕ1000
00Υ
1 mm

200
0 ȝm
FIG.ᵝࠎ࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡟ࡼࡿSr2ZnCu2Se2O2⤖ᬗ⫱ᡂ࡬ࡢຠᯝࡢ᳨ド(a)ึᮇࡢ↝ᡂ᮲௳ (b)᪼ ࣮ࣞࢺࡢኚ᭦ (c)ಖᣢ᫬㛫ࡢኚ᭦ (d)↝ᡂ ᗘࡢኚ᭦- 94 -

࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㥑ື୰ᛶᏊ※ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆㏱㐣ศᯒᢏ⾡࡟㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡞ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ◊✲఍ᑠἨග⏕1㸪ᘯ୰ ᾈኴ1㸪ᮤᅾὥ1㸪వㄒぬᩥ2㸪᭷ᕝᏳಙ2㸪Ᏻ㒊ຬ㍤2㸪୰஭ග⏨21)᪥ᮏཎᏊຊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ ᰾୙ᣑᩓ࣭᰾ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕⥲ྜᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪2) ኱㜰኱Ꮫ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ࣭ග㔞Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒⛉Ꮫ◊✲㒊㛛
SUMMARYᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮㥑ື୰ᛶᏊ※(LDNS)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆㏱㐣ศᯒ(NRTA)ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱㜰኱Ꮫࡢ㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮LFEX࠿ࡽⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࣃࣝࢫ୰ᛶᏊ࡟㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿ୰ᛶᏊࣔࢹ࣮ࣞࢱࠊ
୰ᛶᏊ᳨ฟჾཬࡧ㣕⾜᫬㛫 ᐃ࣭ศᯒࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ
㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㛤Ⓨ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࠊ㆟ㄽࠊ᝟ሗ஺᥮࡞࡝ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㆟ㄽ࡞࡝ࢆᇶ࡟㛤ⓎࡋࡓNRTAࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡼࡧ
㉸㧗ᙉᗘ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮LFEXࢆ⏝࠸࡚୰ᛶᏊ㏱㐣ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆྾཰ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ㸦ྑᅗ㸧ࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࠋᅗࡢ㏻ࡾࠊヨᩱ࡟ࡼࡿ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆཯ᛂ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ୰ᛶᏊ㏱㐣⋡ࡢῶᑡࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᮏ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ୰ᛶᏊィᩘἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓNRTAࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡾ
᰾✀ࡢุู࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᐇ㦂ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ኱㜰኱Ꮫࡀ୺య࡜
FIG. ୰ᛶᏊ㏱㐣ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡓ୰ᛶᏊඹ㬆྾཰ࢫ࡞ࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓูࡢᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ㍑ࠊ↷ྜࡋࠊ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࠋ࢖ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡜㖟ࡢඹ㬆࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ጇᙜᛶࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮏᡂᯝࡣㄽᩥ࡬ࡲ࡜ࡵࠊ
୰ᛶᏊ㏱㐣⋡ࡢῶᑡ㸦ඹ㬆ࢹ࢕ࢵࣉ㸧ࡀほ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
௧࿴5ᖺᗘ୰࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

- 95 -