ＣＩＶＩＬ ＡＶIＡＴＩＯＮ ＢＵＲＥＡＵ OF ＪＡＰＡＮThe Long-Term Vision of
Future Air Traffic Systems in Japan～shift to more intelligent air traffic systems～

The 2nd ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS
Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan
10 November, 2010

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Contents
Theme topic for EIWACS 2010
FORSEE: FOR (e) Safety, Efficiency and Environment

1. What’s “CARATS” ?
2. Background
3. Trend & Characteristics of air traffic in/aroundJapan
4. Outline of “CARATS”
5. Goals of “CARATS”
6. Directions of ATM Renovations
7. Work plan for 2010
8. R&D aspect in CARATS
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

7
7

P1

1. What’s “CARATS” ?
In order to effectively and efficiently work on future ATM systems,
we need;P2

Industry

1. Collaboration among industry, academia andOperator
Aviation-related
government;
manufacturers
2. Collaboration between operators and air
International (ICAO,
Europe U.S., Asia)
Local
navigation service providers;
communities
3. International collaboration to realize seamless
Academia
Government
air traffic environment;
Civil Aviation Related government
Universities
4. Collaboration among co-users of air space Research
institutes
Bureauauthorities(civil, Self-Defense Force, US Force); andSelf-Defense Forces and the
5. Collaboration with local communities
U.S. Forces

CARATS :Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

2. Background (1)Social and Economic Challenges in Japan• Decreasing population• Declining birth rate
• Aging society

・ Global warming issues• Rapid growth of economy
in Asia

A “Growth Strategy” needed to sustain Japan’s economy andenhance its international position“Aviation” is one of essential foundations for social and economic development andupgrading of life standards
Improvement of aviation services level needed in both quality and quantity
For example, ATC capacity enlargement in congested air spaces and streamlining
air traffic systems, while meeting users and social needs
Air Traffic Systems, through its renovation, will continue to be a cornerstone
for future growth of Japan
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

8
8

P3

2. Background (2)Constraints in present ATM systems• Shortage of ATC capacity unable tomeet high demand of air traffic• Chronic delay of traffic due to the
ATC overload• Inefficient operation due to inflexible
use of airspaces and routes• Accidents/incidents attributable tohuman errors and HMI under the
Load factors of ATC
sectors when trafficcurrent systems
increases by 1.5 times

P4

Civil airspaces
surrounded by militarytraining zones“Dynamic” and “Strategic” renovation of Air Traffic Systems
Global Trend in “Global ATM Concept” Crystallization
・ICAO： Adopted “Global ATM Operational Concept(Doc.9854)” targeting at 2025,
has been promoting the Concept with its stress on global harmonization.
・US/EU： Completed an ATM master plan and are now in development phase
・Asia/Pacific：Some States maybe are studying its own master plan or having one, NextGen
but neither the regional nor sub-regional programme does exist.

SESAR

Intra-regional
and inter-regional cooperation for realizing “Global ATM”
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

3. Trend/Characteristics of air traffic (1) P5
Looking at domestic and int’l traffic to/from Japan, ・・・

Annual Traffic (1000 flights)

The number of flight, including overflight, isforecast to increase by 50% around 2027.
Average rate of increase in
2005-2017 (prediction)
Fly over+4.0 %
Int’l+3.0 %
Domestic +1.8 %For your reference*2

Actual Prediction+33%

Over Flights

Int’l Flights*1
Domestic Flights*1

Numbers in ( ): % ratio to 1990

(Year)*1: Prediction of demand is premised on the capacity limitation of metropolitan airports.
*2: The figures beyond 2022 is tentative prediction and will be re-forecast at the next reviewing process.
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

99

3. Trend/Characteristics of air traffic (2) P6
Looking at intra/inter regional traffic of Asia, ・・・

A steady increase of air traffic in the Asia/Pacific region, alongwith its robust economy. Still, further growth is expected.
North America - Europe
58.71(＋2.7%)

Within Europe

Within North America

319.34M

Within Asia（+2.3%）

279.15M（+2.7%）

356.26M（+5.3%）

38.22

19.18

(＋4.2%)(＋3.0%)

Europe - Asia

North America - Asia
Number of International passengers
between regions (2009)

Number of International and Domestic
passengers within the region (2009, million)

○○
（○○%）

Source： IATA World Air Transport Statistics 54nd Edition （2010.6）
IATA Passenger Forecast 2009-2013 （2009.10）

Expectancy of International passengers
within the region (from 2009 to 2013)

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

3. Trend/Characteristics of air traffic (3) P7
Looking at a domestic air transport network, ・・・

Convergence of air traffic into the metropolitan area.
Haneda-based domestic air transport
network

TOKYO〔HANEDA〕 User
55,460,000（66.1%）
Other airport

ChitoseHakodate
Komatsu2009 Domestic passenger transportation （83,870,000）

KushiroSendai
Hiroshima

Fukuoka Kita-Kyushu
Nagasaki

Osaka
Oita
Kobe

Kumamoto

MiyazakiKagoshima
IshigakiKansai

Kochi

Takamatsu

Chubu

TOKYO
〔HANEDA〕

Naha※ 25 routes（one million or more passengers a year of 2008）

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

10
10

3. Trend/Characteristics of air traffic (4) P8
Looking at a traffic flux over metroplex, ・・・Congested flows of air traffic, radar-vectored through segmented
HanedaAn arriving
and layered airspaces.
traffic line
into Haneda

Traffic flow over Japan

EuropeHaneda-Narita
Merged Airspace

Japan-N & NE

Korea

Metropolitan

Hyakuri Air space
Yokota Air space
Japan-W
America-N

KansaiJapan-W

Asia

Tokyo Acc Int. sector

Image of planned airspace re-allocation
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

3. Trend/Characteristics of air traffic (5) P9
Looking up at the air corridor above us, ・・・

A hike of over flight and cross-boundary traffic in Fukuoka FIR
can aggravate efficiency, ATC capacity and regularity.
≒ 4 flight/day（For Europe）≒ 85 flight/day

Total≒480 flights/day≒ 180 flights/day≒ 210 flights/day(Via Taipei)

Note: The figures are daily average number of aircraft controlled by Fukuoka ATM Center in 2007.
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan11
11

3. Trend/Characteristics of air traffic (6) P10
Looking at air navigation service clients, ・・・High expectation of “rapidness” in transportation
High expectation in “regularity”
of transportation
SHINKANSEN
network
100%
99%
98%
97%

100%
99%
98%
97%

Osaka

Tokyo

On-Time Arrival Rate

SHINKANSEN bullet train: a rival to air transport

Serviceability of Flight
Fukuoka

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

3. Trend/Characteristics of air traffic (7) P11
In a “jigsaw-puzzled air space”, tobe improved , for example, are;• Continuous RNAV routes
across FIR boundaries• Automated ATC transfer across
FIR boundary• Optimum altitude assignment
across boundary

Looking at other aspects, ・・・Fukuoka
FukuokaFIR FIR

Inefficient crossboundary operation
due to the ops/techgaps

Image only

Restricted routes
and procedures due tothe tech/topographical
SHINKANSEN； a；rival
SHINKANSEN
rivaltoatair
airtransporttransport
constraints

Noise overurban area
Mountain
Terrain: En Route: Grond Nav Aids

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

12
12

: SID

Airport: STAR4. Outline of CARATS (1)P12Features: What’s “CARATS” in short?
A long-term vision, foreseeing at 2025 and beyond
A product thru collaborative work among ATM stakeholders
Aiming at performance-based ATM system with clear targets
Encompassing wide actors and systems, including airborne
Stepped approach based on roadmaps
Performance review and goal achievement analysis

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

4. Outline of CARATS (2)P13Structure: What does “CARATS” comprise?
7 Goals
1. Enhance safety
5 times Safety

8 Direction of ATM
Renovation
1. Trajectory-based Operation

2. Increase ATC capacity
Double Capacity

2. Enhancing predictability

3. Improve user convenience+10% Service level

3. Performance-based Operation

Roadmap(*)
Short Term

・TBO at Decent phase
・RNP-AR・Data Link
・Improved ATFM
・Airport surface ATM
Mid Term

4. Improve operation efficiency-10% Fuel Consumption
5. Enhance ATM service
efficiency+50% Productivity
6. Reduce environment effects-10% CO2 emission
7. Strengthen International
Cooperation and Contribution

4. Satellite-based Navigation
5. Improving Situational
Awareness
6. System automation and
HMI・Precision Approach
using SAT NAV・SWIM・Dynamic ASM incl.
non-civil AirspaceLong Term

7. CDM on Information
Sharing Platform

・ASAS
・Full 4D Trajectory

8. High Density Operation(*) Roadmaps are underconsideration.

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan13
13

5. Goals of CARATS (1)Example:Goal 1: Safety Enhancement

P14

numerical target

Enhanced Level of Safety （5 times safety）
While air traffic volume is forecast to increase by 1.5 times in 2025, the air trafficsystems should reduce the number of aircraft accidents at least by half.
(1.5 x 1.5) X 2 = 4.5 Round-up 5.0

descriptive goal
• “Safety” continues to be a major prerequisite in designing and establishing
the future air traffic systems.
• Focus on the countermeasures against accidents attributable to humanerrors, meteorological factor, inadequacy of information sharing among
stakeholders and lack of situational awareness.
• In terms of crisis management, security measures and contingency
measures must be secured to provide continuous and stable AN services.
• For continuity of operation, the systems should be designed with highreliability and invulnerability against external factors.
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

6. Directions of ATM Renovation (1)P15

ATM renovation supported by CNS innovation to achieve“seven goals” by overcoming the existing constraints .
8-pillared renovation
1. Realization of trajectory-based operation (TBO)
2. Improving predictability in ATM
3. Promoting performance-based operation (PBO)
4. Development of satelite-based navigation during all flight phases
5. Adequate situational awareness in the air and on the ground
6. Maximum application of human and machine capability, on theplatform of automated ATM systems
7. Information sharing and collaborative decision making(CDM on
SWIM Platform)
8. Attainment of high-density operation in congested airspaces and at
airports
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan14
14

6. Directions of ATM Renovation (2)P16With “TBO” as a core element, 8 lines of renovation will pave the
1. TBOLine 4. Example:
Satellite-based
Navigation
way to ATM paradigm shift.
Example:4. Sat-Nav Operations
Line 1. Trajectory-based

Benefits by TBO

Benefits by GNSS operation• Provision of navigation service to coverGate to Gatethe entire Fukuoka FIR
airport• DepartureContinuous
Navigation serviceflight
fromon 4DT
departure to arrival using GNSS
• Higher precision and flexibility in design
and use of airspaces, routes andprocedures Approved Trajectory• Less operational restriction resulting fromground obstacles• Safety enhancement
airport• High fuel-efficiency and less CO2Arrival
emission• Tool for noise abatement• etc• Optimized, user-preferred routesetting• Efficient operation both on board
and on the ground• Optimized use of the entire air
space by allowing for numerous
factors• Fuel-efficiency and less CO2
emission• Integration of ground systems• Less human intervention
etc

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

6. Directions of ATM Renovation (3)Toward “Safety” goal, the following items, not limited to these,are operational improvement under each line.
Example: Safety Enhancement (Goal 1) and relevant renovation
Line 2: Improving predictability

Line 4: SatNav in all flight phases• Maximum use of WXR forecast
information• Improvement of WXR forecast,using down-linked airborne data
• Provision of optimum 4DT,
capitalized on high predictability• Provision of navigation service atlower altitude• GNSS-based precision approach• Flexible route setting to avoid theground constraints

Line 5: Enhancing situationalawareness

Line 7: CDM and Information sharing• Adequate coordination among
ATM stakeholders• Timely accessibility to needed
information• Well-informed decision with moretransparency• Improvement of visibility for surface
movement, esp. for blind areas• Improvement of ground-air
surveillance capability• Improvement of air-air surveillancecapability
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

15
15

P17

7. Work plan of 2010 (1)P18

So far, a vision on future ATM has been blueprinted.
In FY2010, “CARATS Promotion Committee” will ...
Lay out a roadmap, representing step-by-step implementationof the measures required to build the future air traffic systems.
Clarify the roles of the industry, academy and government
partners.

Study and set indices for achievement analysis of numericaltargets .
Consider a framework, as necessary, to ensure the steady
implementation of the mapped measures.
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

7. Work plan of 2010 (2)P19

To ensure our future system be interoperable with others,
we will... ,ICAOContinue to have dialogues
with overseas counterparts tosecure harmonization

RussiaEuropeUSA

SESAR

NextGen

China“Seamless Sky”
Korea

Contribute to international
standardization activities
under ICAO framework“Seamless Sky”

Japan

Hong
Kong Taipei

South
East
Asia

Image only

Philippines
Australia
New
ZealandWork on “Seamless Sky”
initiative with Asia/PacificStatesAssist States in need for smoothtransition to future ATM systems

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

16
16

8. R&D aspect in CARATS (1)P20

R&D will also be undertaken in a phased approach with external factors
taken into account.
Vision (Concept, Targets, Lines of renovation, etc)
Roadmaps• Government Policies• Aviation Policies/Directives• Social / Economic trends• Operational needs

Selection & focus-on• ICAO’s global ATM policy• ATM modernization in otherRegions/States• Technology innovation• Global issues affecting Aviation

Mainly CNS/ATM

Mainly Aircraft Operation• “DREAMS” project• Five-year work program• Annual work plan

• R&D long-term vision incl. roadmap• Five-year work program• Annual work plan
etc

etc

Technical
Civil Aviation solutions,Bureau Japan validation, verification, evaluation, safety assessment etc

8. R&D aspect in CARATS (2)Under CARATS vision, expectations to research institutes are:
To conduct R & D,
taking well into
account operational
needs andinternational trends.

To analyze andevaluate brand-new techand ATM ops in a timely
manner, in cooperation
with CAB, operatorsand others.

P21

To collaborate
with academia andindustries, leading towider spectrum of ATM
research and R&D
calibre in Japan.

Effective and efficient role playing to be laid out over a long span.
Planning

R&D

Standardization

Development

Implementation

Operation

ANSP・Leading
・Policymaking• Request• Support

・Leading
・Legislation

・Regulation
・Procedures• Manuals

・Implementation

・Operational
evaluation

Research
Institutes• Proposal• Needs
finding•R & D

・Participation• Safety
Assessment• Validation

・Support toimplementaion・Support toevaluation

・Needspresentation• Request• Support

・Participation• Procedures• Manuals• Equipage• Operational
evaluation

Operators

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

Note: The above table is an example only, does not constitutes CARATS vision.
Involvement of academia and industries are subject to individual cases.

1717

8. R&D aspect in CARATS (3)P22

R&D institutes are expected to play significant roles in forging a
global ATM by :Global ATM based on Doc. 9854 (ICAO)
Involvement andcontribution to int’lstandards making.
Cooperative workwith R&D entities ofother projects

ANC Panels, Study Groups, Standards RTM

APAC
regional
initiative
R&D
organizations

NextGen
(USA)

SESAR
(EU)
EUROCAE, R&D
organizations

RTCA, R&D
organizations

Harmony & Collaboration

CARATS (Japan)

Keeping abreast withthe tech evolution andproactive involvement

R&D

ANSPs, Government,
Academia, Industries,
Operators, etc

Civil Aviation Bureau JapanThe EndThank you for your attention.
Merci pour votre attention.
Gracias por su atención.
清听谢谢청취 감사합니다
ご清聴、ありがとうございました。
Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

18
18

P23

P24
Japan Meteorological Agency

Ministry ｏｆ Ｌａｎｄ, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism

Japan Coast Guard
Japan Transport Safety Board(JTSB)

Civil Aviation Bureau (JCAB)

Aeronautical Safety College

Iwanuma Training Center

Regional Civil Aviation Bureau（Tokyo, Osaka)

Airport Office
Airport Branch

Air Traffic Control Center（Sapporo, Tokyo, Fukuoka, Naha)
Air Traffic Management Center

Radio Facility Office
Aeronautical Satellite Center

Administration Department

Airport Department

Engineering Department

General Affairs Division

Airport Policy Division

Flight Standards DivisionInternational Air
Transport Division

Planning Division

Airworthiness Division

Capital Area Airports Division

Personnel Licensing Division

Aviation Industries Division

Director for Budget
Management

Air Traffic Services
Department☆ Air Traffic Services System
Planning Division
Air Traffic Control Division

Environment and Regional
Department Division

Air Traffic Services
Engineering Division

Engineering Planning Division
Director for Supervision
Kansai International Airport
And Chubu International
AirportOperations and Flight
Inspection Division

For further information, please access tohttp://www.mlit.go.jp/koku/koku_CARATS.html,
or contact JCAB. at
Call: +81-3-5253-8739
Email: nakada-t2q4@mlit.go.jp

Civil Aviation Bureau Japan

19
19

20