Assessing	  the	  safety	  of	  airport	  surface	  opera2ons:	  A	  4D	  process	  model	  Sabine	  Wilke,	  Dr.	  Arnab	  Majumdar,	  Prof.	  Washington	  Y	  Ochieng	  	  The	  Lloyd’s	  Register	  Educa2onal	  Trust	  Transport	  Risk	  Management	  Centre,	  Imperial	  College	  London	  Introduc2on	  Limita2ons	  Vehicles	  /	  	  pedestrians	  Background	  • Due	  to	  the	  complexity	  of	  infrastructure	  and	  the	  interac7on	  of	  various	  stakeholders	  the	  airport	  surface	  (i.e.	  runways	  and	  taxiways)	  is	  considered	  the	  most	  vulnerable	  phase	  of	  ﬂight	  • Piecemeal	  approach	  in	  the	  industry	  • Focus	  on	  speciﬁc	  aspects	  of	  surface	  safety	  depending	  on	  interests	  and	  immediate	  responsibili7es	  of	  avia7on	  stakeholders	  	  Airlines,	  Pilots	  External	  stakeholder	  Airport	  	  authority	  • Eﬀec2ve	  safety	  mi2ga2on	  strategies	  are	  crucial	  Objec2ve	  Regulators	  • Holis2c	  model	  of	  airport	  surface	  safety	  that	  integrates	  the	  viewpoints	  of	  all	  relevant	  avia2on	  stakeholders	  ANSPs,	  ATC	  Methodology	  *%+',%-./$+.#01/1,123$!"#"$%&'(#)$

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