Towards a circular economy transition
through safe collection, treatment & resource recovery
of wastewater and fecal sludge
T2D3

Moderator - Presentations
Dr. Pierre Flamand
Japan Sanitation Consortium (JSC)
Pierre is the Manager of International Affairs at JSC, the Asia-Pacific Water Forum’s
Knowledge Hub for sanitation.
He has 20 years of experience in sanitation, with particular focus on fecal sludge
management. Since joining JSC in 2009, he has been involved in sanitation
projects in Viet Nam, Malaysia and Bhutan. He is the co-author of ‘Sanitation andSustainable Development in Japan’ (ADB 2016) and ’Accountability Mechanisms for
Inclusive City-Level Public Services in Asia’ (ADBI 2023).
Since 2015, he has been involved in Working Groups of ISO/TC 224 as an expert
representing Japan for the development of several international standards.
Pierre holds a doctoral degree in regional development studies. He is a visiting
researcher and lecturer at Toyo University in Japan.

2

Session Program
Activity
Opening Remarks

Speaker/PanelistDr. (Mr.) Pierre Flamand; Manager – International Affairs; Japan Sanitation Consortium (JSC)

Keynote Speech:
Standardization of wastewater treatment systems

Dr. (Mr.) Yoshitaka Ebie; Manager of International Coordination Office, Planning Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES); Advisor for Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA)

Presentation 1:
Wastewater and faecal sludge recycling, energy andnutrient recovery - towards a circular economy
Presentation 2:
Fecal Sludge Management in Emergency Settings

Mr. Hezekiah Pireh; Water and Sanitation Team Leader; Urban Basic Services Section; Urban Practices
Branch; Global Solutions Division; United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-Habitat

Presentation 3:
Fecal Sludge Compost Production from a 24-Hour
Composting Machine
Panel Discussion

Mr. Supriyanto; Head of Wastewater Operator; Public Works and Spatial Office, Tasikmalaya City,
Indonesia

Mr. Safwatul Haque Niloy; Team Leader - Public Health Engineering; OXFAM Bangladesh

Moderator: Ms. Saniya Niska; WASH SDG Programme Manager; Interim Water Sector Leader; SNV
Panelists:− Ms. Rouguiyatou Ba; Association des Jeunes Professionnels de l'Eau et de l'Assainissement duSénégal (AJPEAS)− Prof. (Mr.) V. Srinivas Chary; Director of the Centre for Environment, Urban Governance, andInfrastructure Development; Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI)− Ms. Mélodie Boissel; Head of Mediterranean basin and knowledge production, pS-Eau− Mr. Shu Nishi; Director for Sewerage International Affairs and Engineering Office; Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan

Questions from the audience
Closing Remarks

Dr. (Mr.) Papa Samba Diop; Governor, World Water Council; Technical Advisor, National Sanitation Officeof Senegal (ONAS) - OK
3

Keynote Speaker
Dr. Yoshitaka Ebie
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA)
Dr. Yoshitaka Ebie is a Chief Senior Researcher in Material Cycles Division at
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan. His research
fields are wastewater treatment, greenhouse gas emissions and disaster
waste management.

He is one of the authors of IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories. He is also involved in ISO TC224/WG8 for on-site domestic
wastewater services.
Dr. Ebie holds a doctoral degree in Agriculture from the University ofTsukuba, having focused for his research on: ‘Nitrifying bacterial ecology inbiological nitrogen removal processes’.

4

10th World Water ForumMay 23, 2024

Standardization of wastewater
treatment systems
Dr. Yoshitaka Ebie
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

5

A Key Message towards a circular economy transition
through safe collection, treatment and resource recovery of
wastewater and fecal sludge.

• Standardization of wastewater treatment systems
in National, Regional or International level• Necessity• Difficulty

Structure

Performance
evaluation

O&M

Pollution load
per capita

Building
permission

6

On-site and off-site
On-site/decentralized• Individual (ex. 1 HH; 5 PE)• Communal (ex. 2-10HH; 10-50 PE)
Off-site• Settlement scale: ex. 50～20,000 PE• City scale: ex. >20,000 PE

5 things we need to consider for
dissemination of appropriate
wastewater treatment technologies
1. Effluent standards
2. Structure standards and/or standardized
performance evaluation
3. Standardized O&M and monitoring
4. Standardized Sludge collection, treatment
and disposal
5. Standardized license for technicians and/or
service providers

8Regulation has been updated• Ministry of Environment and Forestry has issued new
effluent standard for domestic wastewater (2016).
• This new and stringent regulation for domestic wastewater
is a major step forward to improve water environment.

Parameters

Unit

pH
BOD
COD
TSS
Oil and Grease
Ammonia
Total Coliform
Discharge

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
N/100 mL
L/person/day

Old
Regulation
6-9
100
100
10
-

New
Regulation
6-9
30
100
30
5
10
3,000
100

9

On-site/decentralized domestic
wastewater treatment facilities

Septic tank

BiofilIPAL

Are they all
reliable?
septic tank?
10

5 things we need to consider for
dissemination of appropriate
wastewater treatment technologies
1. Effluent standards
2. Structure standards and/or standardized
performance evaluation
3. Standardized O&M and monitoring
4. Standardized Sludge collection, treatment
and disposal
5. Standardized license for technicians and/or
service providers

11Compliance to the regulation may not be ensured

You don’t need to worry
about new effluent
standard with our new
product.
National structure
standard.

Nobody knows!
We need a standardized performance testing
method and reliable certification system

Major standards in the world
European Standard (EN)EN12566-3: Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PE

The United States
NSF/ANSI Standard 40: Residential Wastewater Treatment Systems

Australia
AS/NZS 1546 Part 3: Aerated wastewater treatment systems
Japan
Performance testing method for Johkasou
13Advantages• If you have no standard, it would be chaos.
• If you have different local standards in different area of yourcountry, manufacturers need to have different kind of products
for each area.
• This must exert upward pressure on price.

• If we standardize these local standards, we can make a big
market within the area sharing the same standard.

14

5 things we need to consider for
dissemination of appropriate
wastewater treatment technologies
1. Effluent standards
2. Structure standards and/or standardized
performance evaluation
3. Standardized O&M and monitoring
4. Standardized Sludge collection, treatment
and disposal
5. Standardized license for technicians and/or
service providers15• If you have standardized structure or
performance evaluation, O&M procedures andfrequency could also be standardized.

Otherwise, you must learn many
O&M procedures for every
single site and prepare manykinds of tools.

16

5 things we need to consider for
dissemination of appropriate
wastewater treatment technologies
1. Effluent standards
2. Structure standards and/or standardized
performance evaluation
3. Standardized O&M and monitoring
4. Standardized sludge collection, treatment
and disposal
5. Standardized license for technicians and/or
service providers

17• Regular desludging is closely related with thestandardization of treatment facilities.
- Japanese law requires annual desludging, thenmanufacturers design the capacity of the sludge storage tankwith this condition.

• Desludging procedures also rely on the standard of thetreatment facility.
- Manhole size, desludging port size, depth, etc.

18

5 things we need to consider for
dissemination of appropriate
wastewater treatment technologies
1. Effluent standards
2. Structure standards and/or standardized
performance evaluation
3. Standardized O&M and monitoring
4. Standardized Sludge collection, treatment
and disposal
5. Standardized license for technicians and/or
service providers
19Construction

Operation

National vocational qualification(Registration to the prefecture)

Desludging
Private qualification(Approval from the municipality)• Civil engineering, microbiology, mechanicalengineering, etc.
• Quality control of services

20

Platform for the standardization...
Stakeholders Meeting

Industry-academia-government
collaboration
SNI 9161:2023
Standardized testing method ofdomestic wastewater treatment plantin Indonesia

21

Water Environment Partnership in Asia

WEPA is an initiative proposed by the Ministry of the Environment,
Japan (MOEJ) in 2003 at the Third World Water Forum⚫The first phase started in 2004, following a five-year cycle;⚫The objective is to improve water environmental governance in Asiawith full support of MOEJ;⚫WEPA currently consists of the following 13 countries in Asia.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Cambodia
China
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar

8. Nepal9. Philippines
10. Republic of Korea
11. Sri Lanka
12. Thailand
13. Viet Nam
22

Sharing knowledge and experiences

WEPA database www. wepa-db.net

Annual meeting

Publication
WEPA Outlook on Water
Environmental
Management in Asia
Action programTerima kasih
24

SpeakerMr. Hezekiah Pireh
UN-Habitat
Mr. Hezekiah Pireh leads the water and sanitation team at UN-Habitat. He
has over 25 years of experience in water and sanitation governance, policy
and institutional capacity development support and citizen engagement.
He is managing several of UN-Habitat’s water and sanitation projects in
Africa and Asia and has extensive experience in formulating andimplementing strategies for effective involvement of city-level stakeholders,
including the urban poor and vulnerable groups, in the management ofwater and sanitation services.
Over the years, he has helped to strengthen operational structures of local
governments and other service providers by creating a governanceframework favourable for stakeholder engagement and partnershipbuilding in pro-poor basic service provision.

25

Wastewater and faecal sludge recycling,energy and nutrient recovery - towards a
circular economy

T2D3
Towards a circular economy transition
through safe collection, treatment andresource recovery of wastewater andfecal sludge

Hezekiah Pireh
WASH Team Leader
UN-Habitat

Wastewater and faecal sludge recycling, energy and nutrient
recovery – Interesting times for wastewater management!
• Alleviate the global water crisis
through wastewater reuse.
• A shift in focus from pollutant removal
to resource recovery and reuse.
• Circular economy for wastewater andfaecal sludge.
• Policy and institutional arrangements
to support the reuse of wastewaterand feacal sludge.
Global Report on Sanitation and Wastewater
Management in Cities and Human Settlements |UN-Habitat (unhabitat.org)

Wastewater and faecal sludge by-products
resource recovery

Source: Global Report on Sanitation and Wastewater Management in Cities and Human Settlements | UN-Habitat (unhabitat.org)

Hamburg Wasser recovers phosphorus from sludge ash
produced by its wastewater treatment plants

View of Hamburg waste water treatment plant © Hamburg Wasser

Policy and institutional arrangements to support the reuse ofwastewater in Hanoi, Vietnam
Policies and legislation• Decision No 1930/QD-TTg dated
November 20, 2009, on urban drainage
and wastewater.
• Article 72 of the Law on Environmental
Protection 2020.
• The Law on Water Resources (LOWR,
2012).
Institutional arrangements• Hanoi Sewerage and Drainage Company(HSDC).

• Department of Rural and Agricultural
Development (DARD) of Hanoi City.

Yen Nghia pumping station in Hanoi - https://vinadicme.com

Advances in using wastewater as a source of
potable water

Fully leveraging the potential of treated wastewater requires safeguards andthe development and enforcement of standards.

Faecal sludge: towards a circular sanitation
economyAccording to the CBSA, during 2021-2022, their members served over 190,588 people, sold 4,431 CBS
toilets, serviced over 10,874 CBS toilets, removed over 18,207 tons of sludge, and provided over 531
jobs, operating over nine countries and 26 municipalities.

Recommendations and enabling factors for safe
wastewater and feacal sludge reuse• Opting for relevant technologies, which allow valorization, and providing capital
support to developing these technologies;•

Legal and regulatory instruments that set standards for valorization and licensing forthe production and sale of byproducts such as compost and biogas;•

Institutional arrangements to ensure the fair allocation of resources, especially forfarming purposes;•

Incentives that contribute to market building for by-products; for example, theprovision of subsidies for faecal based (organic) compost; or support with
community/end-user engagements to promote by-products.

•

Strong environmental monitoring and controls to mitigate risk.

Enablers:• Invest in further research and innovation on wastewater and faecal sludge
management.
• Support peer-to-peer learning and south-south collaboration.

Thank You

The United Nations Human
Settlements Programme
UN-Habitat

Speaker
Mr. Safwatul Haque Niloy
OXFAM

Mr. Safwatul Haque Niloy is serving as the WASH Coordinator at
OXFAM in Bangladesh.
He is a Civil Engineer with 7 years of experience in addressing rapid
onset and post-emergency crises to enhance WASH response inrefugee settings.
He specializes in water facilities, fecal sludge management, solid
waste management, waste to energy projects and climate-resilient
WASH facilities in both emergency and development contexts.

35Towards a circular economy transition
through safe collection, treatment andresource recovery of wastewater andfecal sludge
Fecal Sludge Management in Emergency Settings

Disclaimer: this presentation contains information that is limited for the purpose of discussion within the Tenth World Water Forum (WWF) 2024; if you are not theintended recipient of the information, you are hereby notified that you should not review, use, disclose, distribute, copy or forward this information.
Avertissement: cette présentation contient des informations limitées aux fins de discussion au sein du Dixième Forum mondial de l'eau (WWF) 2024; si vousn'êtes pas le destinataire prévu de ces informations, vous êtes informé par la présente que vous ne devez pas examiner, utiliser, divulguer, distribuer, copier outransmettre ces informations.

PRESENTATION BRIEF• Session number: T2D3
• Name of presenter: Safwatul Haque Niloy• Institution: OXFAM in Bangladesh
Key phrases:• Water security and fecal sludge management are intricately connected.
• Contextualized and Innovative solution is required to deal with
Emergencies• Resource recovery remains a challenge, highlighting the absence ofenabling policies, social acceptance and positive ecosystems.

37

50,000 latrines

1000 m³/day of sludge produced
Everyday,26% increased in Rainyseason160+ operational FSTP

38

Initial phase, water source contamination from poor sanitation
Tap Stand
Emergency
Phase

Deep Tube well

Gradualupgradation

Shallow Tubewell

Pit latrines, Septic tanks

Worm Based Toilets
39

DUE TO HIGH USER NUMBER, LATRINE PITGETS FILLED QUICKLY .

If not emptied , Sludge will overflow todrains , shelters posing serious publichealth risks
40

Fecal Sludge Transportation

FSTP Camp 4X

ManualTransportation
Discouraged & not acceptable, as
unsanitary and undignified
conditions pose significant healthrisks to sanitation workers."

Transportation with Vacutug
Disadvantages• Accessibility• Capacity• Suction lift

Intermediate Fecal Sludge
Transfer Network ,IFSTNCamp 1741

Three centralized Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant serving more than 350,000
refugees

FSTP 2 , Capacity 180m3/ day

FSTP 3 , Capacity 120m3/ day
FSTP 1 , Capacity 180m3/ day42

Resource Recovery,
Yet to scaled and successful

Planted Drying Bed

Biosolid

Biogas to Electricity Generation
Research plot , applied with different doses

Biosolid/ Co Compost as organic conditioner
43

THANK YOU
For any further queries please contact
Email :Sniloy@oxfam.org.uk

44

Speaker
Mr. Supriyanto
Tasikmalaya City, Indonesia

Supriyanto is the Head of Wastewater Operator in Tasikmalaya
City, West Java, Indonesia. He holds a bachelor’s degree in civilengineering and has been pursuing his career with the
Tasikmalaya City Government.
He leads the utility in managing on-site and off-site sanitation
services in the city and has been part of the city’s effort
towards Open Defecation Free status and safely managed
sanitation.

45

FECAL SLUDGE COMPOSTPRODUCTION FROM A 24-HOUR
COMPOSTING MACHINESTUDY CASE IN TREATMENT PLANT INTASIKMALAYA CITY, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

Disclaimer: this presentation contains information that is limited for the purpose of discussion within the Tenth World Water Forum (WWF) 2024; if you are not theintended recipient of the information, you are hereby notified that you should not review, use, disclose, distribute, copy or forward this information.
Avertissement: cette présentation contient des informations limitées aux fins de discussion au sein du Dixième Forum mondial de l'eau (WWF) 2024; si vousn'êtes pas le destinataire prévu de ces informations, vous êtes informé par la présente que vous ne devez pas examiner, utiliser, divulguer, distribuer, copier outransmettre ces informations.

PRESENTATION BRIEF• Session number: T2D3
• Name of presenter: Supriyanto• Institution: Wastewater Operator from Tasikmalaya City,
Indonesia• Key phrases:• Reuse initiatives• Fecal sludge compost• compost qualified for ornamental flower and food crops

47

BACKGROUND• Tasikmalaya City in West Java has a population of 716.160 inhabitants withdensity of 3.930 inhabitants per sq km. The annual growth rate is 0,81%• Rapid growth and high population causes significant increase of wastewater
generation. While in 2023, Tasikmalaya City has 15% safe sanitation access and
71% basic sanitation access• Singkup Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) established in 2014 has designed
capacity of 38 m3/day which only covers 12% of total city’s population, with idle
capacity of 68%• Each month, the FSTP generates 950 kg which allow sludge accumulation to thepoint it will not fit into available space at FSTP. While expanding the area require
high capital expenditure• Reuse practice as an alternative ways to reduce feacal slugde volume and it has
a potential economic benefits

48

APPROACH

Ecological Sanitation
approach by empiricalresearch, acollaboration between
Tasikmalaya City
Government and SNV

49

METHODOLOGY
Preparing thetreated sludge
from Sludge
Drying Bed(SDB)

Mechanised
compostingprocess in 24-hr
compostingmachineCompostproduction

Generates several
compost type using
different mixture
for comparison(with soil, cow
dung, food waste,
dry leaves) –research process

Test onornamental
flower and foodcrop (soybean,palm oil)Plantmeasurement
against research
indicator(height, numberof leaves,
number offlower)50

METHODOLOGY
Mixture composition for visual and laboratory test

A0

A1

A2

A3

Soil only (asblanko)Fresh feacal
sludgeFeacalslugdecompostonly

Feacalsludgecompost +cocopeat

A4

A5

A6

A7

Feacalsludgecompost +cabbagewaste

Feacalslugdecompost +cow dung

Feacalsludgecompost +dry leaves

Feacalsludgecompost +kitchenwaste
51

RESULT• Visual observations from plant testing foundthat plants grown in compost from sludge
produced in the 24-hr composting machine
had taller stems, more leaves, and more
flowers• The laboratory result from faecal sludge
compost has met the criteria from Indonesian
Agriculture Law for organic compost(Kepmentan 261/KPTS/SR-310/M/4/2019)• E.coli bacteria were not found in the produced
compost52

COST ESTIMATION
Cost estimation for 1 cycle compost production: 25 kg compost
No

Item

Unit Cost (IDR)

1.

Manhour

80.0002 person

160.000

2.

Electricity

115.000

1 cycle115.000

3.

Packaging

2.000

25 Pcs50.0004.

Labelling500

25 Pcs12.5005.

Transportation cost

20.0001 cycle20.000TOTAL (Rp)

Quantity

Total Cost (IDR

357.500

Equivalent to
EUR 20,58 per
cycle
53

LESSON LEARNED• Producing organic compost from treated fecal sludge is feasible,
provided attention is paid to laboratory test that ensure the standard
nutrient content is met and that no harmful pathogens are present,aligned with existing regulation• A legal wastewater institutional framework that permits businessgeneration need to be in place• Suitable areas inside FSTPs need to be included during construction
planning to give space for reuse practice• Further market research need to be conducted to assess the level ofdemand for using organic compost derived from faecal sludge fordomestic use

54

THANK YOU
55

Moderator – Panel Discussion
Ms. Saniya Niska
SNVSaniya is SNV Indonesia’s Water Sector Lead and ProgrammeManager.
She holds master’s degree in environmental engineering and hasstrong interest in GEDSI mainstreaming in Water Sector.
She is SNV Indonesia’s reference person for Gender, Menstrual
Hygiene Management, Universal Design of WASH facilities, Inclusionof Children with Disabilities and WASH in Schools. Represents SNV
in national and international multi-stakeholders’ platforms andresearch groups.

56Panelists
Ms. Rouguiyatou Ba

Mr. Shi Nishi

Association des Jeunes Professionnels de l’Eau et del’Assainissement du Sénégal (AJPEAS)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism (MLIT), Japan

Ms. Mélodie Boissel

Prof. V. Srinivas CharypS-Eau, France

Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI)

57

Questions from the audience58

Closing Remarks
Dr. Papa Samba Diop
National Sanitation Office of Senegal (ONAS)
Dr. Papa Samba Diop is a Governor at the World Water Council since 2022
and technical advisor at ONAS, building on 33 years of professional
experience accumulated in taxes and domains and in the water sector.
Doctor in economics and management and MBA from Paris
Dauphine/Panthéon Sorbonne University and engineer in civil engineering(expert in water and sanitation), he has more than 30 years in urban
hydraulics and sanitation, areas where he has developed various skills.
Furthermore, his functions as President of the Scientific and TechnicalCouncil (CST) of the African Water and Sanitation Association (AAEA) haveallowed him to have a broad view of the situation of water and sanitation in
Africa.

59

THANK YOU

60