REDD+ INDONESIA : progress to date

NUR MASRIPATIN
DIRECTORCENTRE FOR STANDARDIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTMINISTRY OF FORESTRY(Standardization, Environment, Climate Change)
Email : nurmasripatin@ymail.com

International Technical Seminar on REDD+Tokyo, 16-17 February 2011

OUTLINE
y HISTORY OF REDD+ INDONESIA
y REDD+ ARCHITECTURE
y PROGRESS IN MRV SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTy REDD+ ACTIVITIES ON THE GROUNDy TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND ISSUES TO BE

ADDRESSED TO PROMOTE REDD+ INITIATIVESy SUGGESTION FOR PROMOTING REDD+y CLOSING REMARKSSTANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE

History of REDD+ in Indonesia
y 2007 (prior to COP-13) : Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) undertake

quick studies to review Indonesia’s preparedness to implement REDD
(methodological and institutional aspects) Î IFCA Consolidated Report, MoF
2008,
y 2008 : development of REDD+ architecture and Readiness Strategy (20092012)y 2009 : start implementing Readiness Strategy (Policy and actions to address
drivers of DD, development of REDD+ regulations, Establishment of REL/RL,
development of MRV System, development of incentive distribution
mechanism, establishment of national and sub-national REDD+ Task Forces,
Demonstration/Pilot Activities Î awareness raising, capacity building,stakeholders involvement are integral part of the Strategy) Î National REDD+Strategy was targeted to be developed during the Readiness Phase.
y 2010 : establishment of REDD+ National Task Force, establishment oforganization units under Ministries in charge with climate change issues (e.g.
Centre for Standardization and Environment, and Centre for Climate Changeand Policy Research under the Ministry of Forestry).
STANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE

World Forests (FAO 2010)
Forest area aspercent of total landarea by country,
2010 (FRA 2010)

INDONESIA

57. 53 M ha(47 %)Source : MoFor, 2010

STANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE

U1

Readiness Phase (2009-2012) : preparing REDD + Architecture
MoFor, MoAgr,Local Government
MoFor, Local
Government• MRV institution :National REDD+ Task
Force,• Technical/methodolo ‐gical aspects : MoFor.,

Financial institution :National REDD+ Task
Force
Regulations : MoFin &MoFor

LAPAN, BAKOSURTANAL

1
REL/RL

Awareness raising
Capacity building
Access to data
Access to technology
Stakeholder
communications/participations

Safeguards (governance, socialand environmental)

CO22Policy
Interventions$345MRV

FinancingDistribution

Demonstration Activities,
Result‐based actions

MoFor WG‐FCC
REDD+ Guidelines
REDD+ National Strategy(Benefits &Responsibilities)

Addressing drivers of DD in 5
landscapes :•••••

Production forest,
Protected areas (Conservation
forest and Protection forest),
Timber plantation,
Peat land,
Oil palm plantation (related to LUC)

Developed from IFCA study 2007 (MoFor, 2011)

STANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE

Translating Scope of REDD+ in The National Strategy
Reducing Emissions
fromDEFORESTATION(Forest conversion)

Reduceemissions

Reducing Emissions
fromDegradation(SFM practice)

REDD +Indonesia

Conservation(avoidingEmissions/C stocks
Conservation)

Sustainable
Managementof Forest

NET SINK/Balance

Increase
removals

Enhancementof Carbon Stocks(Reforestation,EcosystemRestoration)

Scope of REDD+ according toBali Action Plan

Relevant Issues of COP Decisions on REDD+

1. COP-13 : Parties should enhance efforts in REDD+ including Demonstration

Activities,
2. COP-15 :y The use of most recent IPCC guidelines,y REDD+ countries should develop robust national forest monitoring system (usea combination of remote sensing and ground-based forest carbon inventory)
3. COP-16 : REDD+ countries should develop :y A national strategy or action plan;y A national forest reference emission level (FREL) and/or forest reference level(FRL) Î could be a combination of sub-national forest FREL and/or FRL.
y A robust and transparent national forest monitoring system for the monitoring
and reporting (FMR) Î if appropriate, sub-national monitoring and reportingas an interim measure Î including
y MR of emissions displacement at the national level, if appropriate, andreporting on how displacement of emissions is being addressed, and on themeans to integrate sub-national monitoring systems into a national monitoringsystem.
y A system for providing information on how the safeguards are addressed.

STANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGEMRV SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
MRV system : policy aspect. and technical/methodological aspect.
Policy aspect :yNational Task Force (UKP4) as a leading Unit tocoordinate establishment of MRV and financial
Institutions for REDD+ Î in progress
yMinistry of Environment as the Coordinating Ministry for
GHGs Inventory for National Communicationy
Ministry of Forestry is responsible in MR for forest
resources Î Forest Resource Information System(FRIS) in placeyEstablishment of “Interim Registry” for REDD+ activities
in the Ministry of Forestry Î draft MinisterialRegulation is under discussion,ySafeguards :Î Translating REDD+ safeguards from COP-16 decision into nationalcontext” (inc. facilitate the development of a system for
information provision on safeguards implementation), as
one of 2011 MoFor (Centre for Standardization andEnvironment) REDD+ activitiesÎDevelopment of guidance for effective engagement of indigenous peoples
and local communities in monitoring and reporting, as
STANDARDIZATION,
ENVIRONMENT,
CLIMATECHANGE
one of FCPF readinessactivities
2011-2012.

Technical aspect : progress to date
MRV

Ministry of Forestry and LAPAN, under the IAFCP (Indonesia-Australia
Forest Carbon Partnership) has developed INCAS (Indonesia National
Carbon Accounting System).
y Remote sensing data on (national level) forest cover changes (19992010) available,y Analysis on existing biomass data in Indonesia including methodology
used (completed) ,y Improvement in carbon related data : in progress,y Developing Standardized methodology for forest carbon accounting Îin progress (MoFor/Centre for Standardization and Environment ) .
yyInterim guideline for R and V of REDD+ activities (Demonstration
Activities and Voluntary market based projects) Î draft MinisterialRegulation is under discussion.

REDD+ ACTIVITIES ON THE GROUNDy COP-13 decision on REDD+ (approach to stimulateactions) has mandated to Parties to enhance REDD+actions including Demonstration Activities.
y There are currently 30 REDD+ Demonstration

Activities/projects recorded in the Ministry of Forestry
which varies in scope of activities, size, stages, sourceof financing,

STANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE

Notes : Knowledge obtained from REDD+ DA/projects includes in : developing
appropriate
project according to local circumstances, establishment of REL/RL and development ofMR at the project level, exercises on safeguards, stakeholders engagement, addressing
drivers of DD at the local level.

TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND ISSUES TO BE
ADDRESSED TO PROMOTE REDD+ INITIATIVES
1. REL/RL establishment :yy

At the national level : in projecting the development needs of other sectors
At the sub-national level : diversity in forest conditions (historically and presently) and development
priorities which will affect forest land use.

2. MRV system development :M :Remote sensing for forest cover changes : medium resolution satellite images are used at thenational level, however , problem with cloud cover requires more satellite images for the same location
to get better data, there are forest areas with persistent cloud cover which need higher resolution
satellite images.
Ground-based inventory data for estimating emissions, removals and carbon stock changes : mostworks have focused on one carbon pool (above ground biomass) although there are also increasing
works on carbon accounting for peat land. Indonesia was blessed with having NFI –permanent plots
network, however, there are gaps which need to be filled to obtain local specific emission factor.
Approach to maintain coherence among methodology used for REDD+ actions at the national and subnational levels Î development of National Standard for forest carbon accounting.
R : Institutional and technical aspects in using IPCC Guidelines, e.g. adjustment of national land use
categories to IPCC LU categories, availability and consistency of activity data.
V : Implications of COP-16 decision on REDD+ relating to MRV : REDD+ be implemented in phases andonly result-based actions need to be fully MRVied, consistency with guidance for MRV of NAMAs bydeveloping countries.

STANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE

Why National and Sub National ?
yyyy

Forest area occupy ± 60 % of country land area Î need harmonization of spatial planning between
land-based sectors at the national, provincial, and district levels;
Autonomous governance system (autonomy at the District level) but monitoring and reporting at the subnational levels are part of national monitoring and reporting system,
The need to address diversity in expectations and priority at the sub-national level (provincial and districtlevels), human resources and institutional capacities, socio-cultural and diversity of forest in different
geographical conditions;
Uncertainty in negotiation process and the urgency of actions have encouraged early actions on theground. There are 30 REDD+ related activities in the field with various scope of activities, methodologicalapproach, actors, and sources of finance. Consistency and comparability of methodology and results
throughout the country is critical for credible national REDD+ action.

As consequences :y Single reference emission level (REL) established at the national level may not reflect the historical andfuture conditions at the sub-national levels , as a result of diversity of sectoral and district/provincial
development priority and planning Î REL at the national level is a combinations of reference emission
levels/reference levels(RELs/RLs ) at the sub-national levels.
y MRV system at the national level need to be supported by monitoring and reporting system at subnational level.

Forest transition in Indonesia
ForestCoverPapuaSulawesi
Kalimantan
JavaSumatra

Intact forest

Forest andForestFrontier
agriculture/estatescrops mosaic

Forest (native andplantation) andagriculture mosaic

Time

Developed from Murdiarso 200814

National (net emitter) :RELNet Emission

emission reduction

Sub National (varies) :Net Emission

e.g. SMF

Actual NetEmission

TimeCarbon stocke.g. SMF, RE,Ref.

e.g. conservation

Intact forest
Forest_Frontier1
FOREST_CORE
FOREST_FRONTIER_1
FOREST_FRONTIER_3
FOREST_MOSAICS_1
FOREST_MOSAICS_2

Developed from Dewi, Ekadinata, vanNoordwijk (2009)

Forest_Frontier2
Forest and agriculture/ Forest (native &Plantation) andestate crops mosaic
agriculture
mosaicSource: MoFor 2008, IFCA 2007 Consolidation Report : Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation in Indonesia,Published by FORDA Indonesia, pp. 30-31

16Carbon Stocks of Indonesia’s Forests

Source : Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance/IFCA Report (2008),
National Council for Climate Change/NCCC (2009)

SUGGESTION FOR PROMOTING REDD+
International level :y Advancing UNFCCC process,y Enhance efforts under Interim REDD+ partnership to support REDD+ actions on the ground,y Address the need for clear mechanism in financing REDD+ actions under the partnership,y Enhance international/regional research collaboration to address technical/methodologicalissues with strengthening the capacity of national and local research institutions as one ofkey priorities,
y Enhance international/regional collaboration to increase access to remotely sensed data.
National level :y Continue existing REDD+ related actions,y Addressing critical issues required for REDD+ implementation including :Î regulatory measures,
Î institutional set up both at the national and sub-national with clear linkage between nationaland sub-national institutions (expressed in MRV set up),Î addressing technical and methodological issues especially in REL/RL establishment and inmonitoring system.

STANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE

CLOSING REMARKS
1. Indonesia has started REDD+ related policy and actions since 2007,

however, there remains many issues to be addressed for a successful
REDD+ implementation,
2. Immediate next steps :y Finalizing National REDD+ Strategy,y Policy processes for REL/RL establishment and MRV System development,y Finalizing National Standard for carbon accounting methodology,y Review on status of REDD+ related activities in the field by the Ministry ofForestry, as the basis for determining further steps, including ways for
scaling up project level activities into District/Provincial level.
y Stakeholders process to translate COP-16 decision related to safeguards
into national context.
y Research to address outstanding technical/methodological issues related
to REL/RL and MRV.
y Exploring ways to engage private sectors in early actions.

STANDARDIZATION, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE

THANKYOU