Development & Diffusion of
Enhanced Communal Waste Water
Treatment System– Based on Practice in Indonesia -PUSTEKLIM
Center for Appropriate Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Indonesia
19 March 2018
Brasilia - Brazil

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Necessity of Appropriate Technology Development
In the Case of Communal Waste Water Treatment
Urbanization → bad sanitary conditions, water pollution

Too densely populated forindividual treatment

Centralized Sewage
System is too costly

Communal Waste Water Treatment
as practical solution
2

Conditions Required to Communal
Waste Water Treatment in Indonesia

1.Low Cost (Initial Investment, Operation)

2. Easy Operation & Maintenace
3. Low Energy Consumption

4. Space Saving
5. High Treated Water Quality3

Process Usually Used in Indonesia
Waste
Water

Anaerobic Treatment(ex:Anaerobic Baffled Reactor)

TreatedWater

Low Electricity Consumption / Insufficient Treated Water Quality

Process Usually Used in Japan
Aerobic Treatment

Waste
Water

(ex:Activated Sludge)
Pretreatment

TreatedWater
Post Treatment

High Electricity Consumption / High Treated Water Quality

Process Recommended by PUSTEKLIM

Anaerobic
Treatment

Waste
Water
Pretreatment

TreatedWater

AerobicTreatment

Post Treatment

Low Energy Consumption / High Treated Water Quality

Then, what kind of aerobic treatment process issuitable for communal waste water treatment inIndonesia ?
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RBC (Rotating Biological Contactors)
As aerobic process in thecombination system, RBC
was selected as operation/
maintenance is easy andenergy consumption is low
In Operation

Before Operation

Operation: Keep Rotating Only
Maintenance: Oil & Grease
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APEX had come up with a innovative concept of newcontactors, which is highly efficient, durable and easy
to be produced in Indonesia, that is,Three-Dimensional Lattice Contactors
1.Large Surface Area
2. High Oxigen Supplying Capacity3. Large Stage Number

4. Large Mass Transfer Rate

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Comparative Study as for Efficiency
Conventional RBC

Efficiency of Conventional RBC
10090

BOD Removal Ratio %807060504030
20
10004 Times MoreEfficient
Efficiency of RBC with Three-Dimensional Lattice
0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.41/(BOD Surface Loading) m 2・day/gThree-Dimensional Lattice RBC

10090

BOD Removal Ratio %

80
7060
50
4030
20
1000

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

21/(BOD Surface Loading) m ・day/g

By.H.Araki (Saga Univ)

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Typical Design of the System

Sedimentation TankABRAFRBC- Construction cost of the system with capacity of 70 – 80
households is around 26,000 – 30,000 USD including piping(2013-2014). The cost is slightly less than conventional systemof anaerobic treatment.
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Results of Monitoring-23 model systems have been operated and maintained bycommunity people by themselves with their own expenses.
Oldest ones have been operated more than 9 years.
- Operation cost of the system is around 30 – 45 USD permonth including electricity, wages for operator and oil/greese,which is covered by community people’s contribution
0.45-1.32 USD per family per monｔｈ.
クリチャックにおけるCODのトレンド

Trend of COD (Kricak Kidul, Yogyakarta)
2500

2000

COD [ppm]- Drastic reduction of COD
by RBC has been observed
to meet domestic waste
water standard.

1500

inlet
sed.outanae. out
RBC out

1000

500

03340

4755

6176
Operation Days

82

108996105

Summary○In Indonesia, decentralized domestic waste water treatment
system is expected to take a significant role for improving urban
sanitary conditions.
○In this context, APEX (Japanese NGO) in collaboration with Dian
Desa Foundation (Indonesian NGO) and Japanese privatecompany has developed a combination system of ANAEROBIC
and AEROBIC process. (RBC L-3D contactors is used as aerobicprocess)○The developed system is characterized by its low cost, easy
operation & maintenance, energy saving, space saving and hightreated water quality.
○ The system is totally producible in ordinary workshop inIndonesia. Operation& Maintenance can be managed bycommunity in self-sufficient and sustainable way.
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