Conference Report
International Conference on Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems:
Managing a Vital Resource for Achieving
the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement

18-21 April 2017, Bali, Indonesia

International Tropical Timber Organization
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia
International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems

International Conferenceon Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems:
Managing a Vital Resource for Achieving
the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement

Conference Report

Prepared for International Tropical Timber Organizationby
Natural Resources Development Centre (NRDC)

Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia
International Tropical Timber Organization
International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems

International Conference on Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems:

Managing a vital resource for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement

18-21 April 2017, Bali, Indonesia
Preferred citation: ITTO. 2017. Report of International Conference on Sustainable Mangrove
Ecosystems: Managing a vital resource for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and theParis Agreement. International Tropical Timber Organization, Yokohama, JapanThe International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) is an intergovernmental organization
promoting the conservation and sustainable management, use and trade of tropical forest
resources. Its members represent the bulk of the world’s tropical forests and of the global tropicaltimber trade. ITTO develops internationally agreed policy documents to promote sustainable forest
management and forest conservation and assists tropical member countries to adapt such policies
to local circumstances and to implement them in the field through projects. In addition, ITTO
collects, analyses and disseminates data on the production and trade of tropical timber and funds
projects and other actions aimed at developing sustainable forest industries at both the community
and industrial scales. Since it became operational in 1987, ITTO has funded more than 1000 projects,
pre-projects and activities valued at more than US$400 million. All projects are funded by voluntary
contributions, the major donors to date being the governments of Japan and the United States ofAmerica.
© ITTO 2017
This work is copyright. Except for the ITTO logo, graphical and textual information in this publication
may be reproduced in whole or in part provided that it is not sold or put to commercial use and its
source is acknowledged.
Disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of
any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its
authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries.
Although every effort has been made to ensure objectivity and balance, the publication of thissummary report does not imply endorsement or agreement with its conclusions by ITTO or the
conference’s donors.

ISBN: 978-4-86507-042-2

Mangroves 2017

Contents
Acronyms and abbreviations...................................................................

2

The event ...............................................................................................

3

Opening session ......................................................................................

4

Welcoming remarks ..............................................................................................
Opening speech ....................................................................................................

4
5

Summary of opening keynote addresses ................................................

6

Thematic areas .......................................................................................

8

Theme 1: Promoting the sustainable management of mangrove forests and ecosystems
Theme 2: Addressing climate-change adaptation and mitigation
Theme 3: Sustainable livelihoods for mangrove-dependent communities
Theme 4: Restoration of degraded mangrove forests and ecosystems
Theme 5: Strengthening good governance, law enforcement and monitoring systems
Theme 6: Scaling up payment for environmental services in mangrove forests
Theme 7: Increasing research, education and awarenessField visit .................................................................................................

43

Panel discussion ......................................................................................

45

Bali Call to Action for Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems .......................

52

Posters ....................................................................................................

54

Appendix: Conference programme .........................................................

571

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Acronyms and abbreviations
ASEAN

Association of South East Asian Nations

CIFOR

Center for International Forestry Research

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations

ISME

International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems

ITTO

International Tropical Timber Organization

IUCN

International Union for Conservation of Nature

JICA

Japan International Cooperation Agency

MoEF

Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Indonesia)

PES

Payments for environmental services

SDG

Sustainable Development Goal

SFD

Sabah Forest Department

US$

United States dollar(s)2Mangroves 2017

The event
Mangroves are among the Earth’s most productive ecosystems, producing a wide range ofgoods and environmental services. When sustainably managed, mangrove ecosystems can
support the livelihoods of millions of coastal people while storing globally significant
quantities of carbon and reducing the vulnerability of coastal regions to storm surges andother threats.
The area of mangrove forests is decreasing rapidly in many tropical countries, however, due
to poor management and increasing demand for coastal lands for development. A highpriority for the global community, therefore, is arresting the loss of mangroves and restoring
degraded mangrove ecosystems.
The International Conference on Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems was convened topromote the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of mangrove forest
resources in the tropics. An important objective was to identify ways in which mangrove
restoration and sustainable management could contribute to the achievement of Sustainable
Development Goals 13, 14 and 15 and the Paris Agreement on climate change.
At its conclusion, the conference adopted the Bali Call to Action for Sustainable Mangrove
Ecosystems, in which participants urge policymakers, land-use planners, mangrovepractitioners and scientists, international organizations, the private sector, donors andcoastal communities to redouble their work to ensure the conservation, restoration,
protection and sustainable management and use of the world’s remaining mangrove forest
ecosystems.
Date

18−21 April 2017

Venue

Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel, Bali, Indonesia

Organizers

International Tropical Timber Organization
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia
International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems

Collaborators

Center for International Forestry Research
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
United States Forest Service
Asian Forest Cooperation Organization

Supporters

Mangrove related civil society groups and several private companies inIndonesia and Green Forest Product and Tech. Pte Ltd., Singapore

Drafting/editing

Mr Yus Rusila Noor, Dr Shigeyuki Baba, Dr Hung Tuck Chan,
Ms Nozomi Oshiro, Dr Mami Kainuma, Ms Karin Baba,
Dr Norimi Kimura, Dr Tomomi Inoue, Dr Hiras Sidabutar,
Dr Hwan-ok Ma, Dr Promode Kant and Mr Alastair Sarre

3

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Opening session
Welcoming remarks
His Excellency I Ketut Sudikerta, Vice Governor ofBali Province, speaking on behalf of the Governor ofBali Province, welcomed participants to beautiful
Bali. He gave a brief introduction on the island’s
mangrove forests and the steps the government andpeople of Bali have taken to restore and manage
them. Mr Sudikerta recalled the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, stating that a major
challenge for the world was to speedily achieve thetargets set under the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). The deliberations of the conference would
help guide his province in making its contributions.
Professor Sanit Aksornkoae, President of theInternational Society for Mangrove Ecosystems(ISME) and Senator in the National Assembly of
Thailand, welcomed participants and introduced
them to the objectives of ISME and its recent
achievements in pursuing its goals. Professor
Aksornkoae spoke of the tremendous importance ofmangroves in protecting coastlines against theincreasing threat posed by tropical storms, and theircrucial role in the fishing economy. He hoped that the
papers presented at the conference would enrich thescientific literature on mangroves.
Dr Manoel Sobral Filho, Director of the United
Nations Forum on Forests, recalled his longassociation with the island of Bali and its ethos ofnature conservation. He said it was appropriate thatsuch a major international conference on mangroves
was being held here. He hoped that discussions at
the conference would enlighten the global
community on the role that these highly productive
tropical ecosystems could play in achieving the SDGs
and the Paris Agreement on climate change.

4Mangroves 2017

Speaking on behalf of the International Tropical
Timber Organization (ITTO), Dr Steven Johnson spokeof the need for the conference and the long
preparation that had gone into making it possible.
ITTO recognized the benefits of mangroves forhumanity and the ongoing threats to the resource,
and the Organization had provided more than US$10
million in grants for the sustainable management anduse of tropical mangrove ecosystems over the last
three decades. Dr Johnson emphasized theimportance of large-scale collaboration among
governments and research and development
organizations in achieving the objectives for which the conference had been organized.
Opening speech
Dr Ir Hilman Nugroho, Director-General of Watershed
Control and Management, Government of Indonesia,delivered the opening speech on behalf of Her
Excellency Dr Siti Nurbaya, Indonesia’s Minister ofEnvironment and Forestry. Dr Nugroho gave a brief
overview of Indonesia’s mangrove resources and therole they could play, with adequate investment, in
implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development and the Paris Agreement on climatechange. He proposed seven activities for ensuring
sustainable mangrove management:1) establish policies and regulatory frameworks on mangrove ecosystem managementin accordance with each country’s condition and local wisdom;2) promote mangroves as a way of improving livelihoods in local communities, in terms of their nontimber products and environmental services;3) increase awareness and community engagement in mangrove management and use to maximize
their economic, social and environmental benefits;4) provide clear specifications and silvicultural prescriptions for mangrove timber logging;5) improve mangrove productivity through technological development;6) establish, improve and strengthen collaboration in mangrove rehabilitation—both nationally andinternationally; and
7) improve fair and transparent law enforcement.
Rapporteur
Dr Hiras Sidabutar, Indonesia

5International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Summary of opening keynote addresses
Four leading thinkers on mangroves articulated their thoughts on the conference theme.
Professor Sanit Aksornkoae, ISME president and Senator in the National Assembly of Thailand, said
palm-oil production was a serious emerging threat to mangroves. Mangroves can survive sea-level rise
if properly conserved, and an effective way of doing this would be to declare them as protected forest
reserves. Another sound strategy would be to capitalize on non-wood benefits such as ecotourism,
the increase in marine catch due to mangroves, and the “blue carbon” value of these assets. Good
mangrove governance is underpinned by responsive policies, strategic planning, the active restorationof degraded sites, the zoning of production and protection areas, curtailing the conversion ofmangrove areas for other uses, and active local participation and capacity building.
Dr Chandra Giri, Chief of Sensing and Spatial Analysis Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency,
spoke of the crucial need to update databases on the global status of mangrove forests to enable highquality change detection analysis and responsive governance of this precious resource. Instruments
and expertise for remote sensing and mapping have improved greatly in recent years, as reflected in
the number of earth observation satellites, the resolution and quality of images, easier access to LIDAR(“light detection and ranging”), and the availability of drones for ground-truthing. Challenges in image
classification remain, however, such as accounting for dead standing trees and small patches ofmangroves.

6

Mangroves 2017

Professor Daniel Murdiyarso, Principal Scientist, Center for International Forestry Research, statedthat blue-carbon partnerships can contribute to the achievement of both the Paris Agreement on
climate change and the SDGs. This requires mainstreaming blue carbon into global and national policy
processes and implementation and the appropriate realignment of government policies at the central
and provincial levels to favour mangrove restoration and conservation. The non-consumptive
economic use of mangroves on a significant scale would also help reduce pressure.
Dr Antung Deddy, Director of Essential Ecosystem Management, Director General of Natural
Resources and Ecosystem Conservation, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Indonesia, spoke ofthe status of mangrove forests in Indonesia. Mangrove conservation fits well into the global pursuit of
the SDGs and the Paris Agreement on climate change, he said. Achieving mangrove conservation
requires placing it at the forefront of governmental conservation priorities and carrying out sustained
awareness-raising campaigns to convince people of the seriousness of the situation and the need forurgent action. Non-consumptive economic uses of mangroves on a significant scale would help reducepressure.

Key messages
 Mangroves could play a crucial role in implementing the Paris Agreement on climate change by
reducing the vulnerability of coastal regions to the changing climate and because of their highpotential to remove carbon from the atmosphere and thereby contribute to mitigation.
 Mangroves can help poorer coastal regions in the tropics realize the SDGs through their capacity
to increase the marine fisheries catch and by protecting communities from weather-linked
disasters.
 Good mangrove governance is underpinned by responsive policies, strategic planning, the active
restoration of degraded sites, reducing the diversion of mangrove lands for other economic
activities, and enhancing active local participation and capacity building.
 Remote sensing technologies for detecting change have greatly improved, and they have an
important role to play in the effective management of mangroves.

Rapporteur: Dr Dixon T Gevaña7International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Thematic Areas
ITTO's Dr. Hwan Ok Ma introduced participants to the structure of the conference. He said that its
thematic areas were designed to maximize learning from the implementation of a range of mangrove
initiatives and projects in the tropics in recent years. The seven thematic areas were:
1. Promoting the sustainable management of mangrove forests and ecosystems
2. Addressing climate-change adaptation and mitigation
3. Sustainable livelihoods for mangrove-dependent communities
4. Restoration of degraded mangrove forests and ecosystems
5. Strengthening good governance, law enforcement and monitoring systems
6. Scaling up payments for environmental services in mangrove forests
7. Increasing research, education and awareness
Themes comprised keynote presentations followed by short presentations by panellists featuring casestudies on the protection and sustainable management of mangrove forests and the restoration of
degraded mangrove ecosystems. The presentations made by panellists were analytical in nature,
focusing on issues, challenges and lessons learned, and they were followed by facilitated discussions
to which all participants had the opportunity to contribute.
Theme 1: Promoting the sustainable management of mangrove forests and ecosystems
This theme discussed lessons learned and challenges in promoting the sustainable management anduse of mangrove forests, including silvicultural systems and forest conservation, in the context ofsocioecologically productive landscapes and seascape management. Presentations addressed nationalmangrove strategies, mangrove land-use zoning (e.g. conservation, management and conversion),
integrated costal management systems, and initiatives to support the achievement of targets 14.2 and15.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals (Target 14.2: By 2020, sustainably manage and protect
marine and costal ecosystems; Target 15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable
management of all types of forests).
Theme 2: Addressing climate-change adaptation and mitigation
Discussions on this theme addressed opportunities for, and challenges in, addressing climate-change
adaptation and mitigation through sustainable mangrove management and use. The Blue Carbon
Initiative was discussed as a way of capturing opportunities for climate financing. Case studies were
presented on carbon sequestration in mangrove forests, mangrove adaptation to climate change, andthe ecological and environmental values of mangrove ecosystems. Presentations were made on the8Mangroves 2017

economic valuation of mangrove ecosystems, payment schemes for mangrove environmental services,and engaging the business community.
Theme 3: Sustainable livelihoods for mangrove-dependent communities
Discussions on this theme addressed tenure security; ensuring the effective participation ofcommunities, women, civil-society organizations and other local stakeholders; developing effective
benefit-sharing and distribution models; and traditional knowledge. Experiences with communitybased management approaches and livelihood improvements, including ecotourism and integrated
shrimp aquaculture and mangrove protection, had been presented with the aim of increasing thepotential to diversity income sources of mangrove-dependent communities while enhancing theircontribution to mangrove protection.
Theme 4: Restoration of degraded mangrove forests and ecosystems
The restoration of degraded mangrove forests should be pursued in ways that incorporate bothscientific silvicultural principles and traditional knowledge, adapted to local conditions to assist therecovery of resilience of mangrove ecosystems at the disturbed site. Discussions on this theme
addressed best practices in mangrove restoration to increase a success rate for restoring degradedmangrove forests, including the design of a restoration programme by assessing the ecology ofmangrove species at the site as well as supporting mechanisms and positive incentives to replant on
devastated shrimp ponds.

Theme 5: Strengthening good governance, law enforcement and monitoring systems
Various governmental agencies, such as fisheries, forestry, coastal planning, agriculture andenvironment, have jurisdiction over coastal resources, and their policies are often in conflict. It is
important, therefore, that relevant government agencies and stakeholders work together to establish
sound policies and legislation. This theme addressed lessons learned from mangrove governance andthe challenges encountered. Experiences with strengthening law enforcement against illegal activities
will be presented, along with improved monitoring systems in order to better assess progress towards
sustainable mangrove management.
Theme 6: Scaling up payments for environmental services in mangrove forests
Initiatives such as the International Partnership for Blue Carbon and the Mangroves for the Future(MFF) Initiative are helping raise awareness of the important environmental services provided bymangrove forests, such as climate-change mitigation, and the need to pay for these. Mangrove-based
ecotourism operated by local communities and the private sector is increasing in many tropicalcountries, and, in Indonesia, the certification of mangrove forests is showing promise. Presentations
and discussions on this theme addressed the valuation of mangrove-related environmental services,
experiences in developing payment schemes for environmental services, and policies and legal
frameworks for increasing demand for the environmental services provided by mangrove forests.
Theme 7: Increasing research, education and awareness
There is an urgent need for more research and public education and awareness on many aspects ofmangrove restoration, conservation and sustainable use. Presentations on this theme addressed

9International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

innovative research on ecological resilience, silvicultural interventions for sustainable mangrove
management, and the use of mangrove forests as renewable sources of bioenergy. Discussions also
covered education and awareness-raising among the public, including local communities, on therestoration, conservation and sustainable use of mangrove ecosystems.

10

Mangroves 2017

Theme 1:
Promoting the sustainable management of mangrove
forests and ecosystems
This theme was addressed in the plenary session on day 1, focusing on the challenges and lessons
learned in the sustainable management and use of mangrove forests across the tropics.
Presentations addressed national mangrove strategies; the zoning of mangrove land forconservation, use and diversion to other uses; silvicultural systems suited to mangrove forests; andintegrated coastal management systems. Almost all speakers spoke of the important role
mangroves could play in achieving the Paris Agreement on climate change and the SDGs. SDG 14.2
aims to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems, and SDG 15.2 aims toachieve sustainable management in all types of forest by 2020.

[Speakers]• Mr Agung Kuswandono, Deputy
Minister, Coordinating Ministry of
Maritime, Indonesia• Mr Roslan bin Rani, Principal
Assistant Director, Forestry
Department, Peninsular Malaysia,
and Dr Samsudin Musa, Forest
Research Institute, Malaysia• Dr Toe Toe Aung,
Forest Department, Ministry of
Natural Resources andEnvironmental Conservation,
Myanmar• Professor Luiz Drude deLacerda,Marine Sciences of Universidade
Federal do Cearaá, Brazil• Mr Jacinto Samuel García
Carreón, National Forestry
Commission, Mexico• Ms Fatima Kanji Bonete,
National Directorate of Forests,
Ministry of Land, Environment and
Rural Development, Mozambique• Ms Rakotoaridera Rantonirina,
Director of Protected Area
Systems, Ministry of Environment,
Ecology and Forestry, Madagascar

Summary of the presentations
Presenting “Overview of the Management of Mangrove Forests
and Ecosystems in Indonesia”, Mr Agung Kuswandono said thatIndonesia has a mangrove forest estate of 3 million hectares,
which is 23% of global mangrove assets, and it plays an importantrole in human lives and the environment. Indonesia's mangroves
face many problems, such as land-use change; a low level ofknowledge of their importance; pollution; illegal logging; andnatural disasters in the form of tsunamis and sea level rise. Several
programmes and actions have been initiated to overcome these
problems, including planting, sustainable harvesting, andcommunity involvement in mangrove management. Under theIndonesian National Strategic Program 2015–2019 theCoordinating Ministry of Maritime Affairs is supporting thesustainable management of Indonesia's mangrove ecosystems as
a way of accelerating the rehabilitation of coastal and sea
damage. Key stakeholders in the programme are ministries,
companies, non-governmental organizations and local
communities.
In their presentation, "Sustainable management of Matang
mangrove ecosystem: issues, challenges and way forward" ,Mr
Roslan bin Rami and Dr Samsudin Musa said that mangrove
forests are among the world's most productive terrestrial
ecosystems, constituting a renewable resource for fuel, energy
and wood and non-wood products, supporting forest-based ecotourism, and providing food, shelter, education opportunities andincome for local communities. Malaysia's Matang mangroves
forest, which covers more than 40,000 hectares, has been
11

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems[Moderator]• Dr. Tachrir Fathoni,
Country Indonesian Director,
USAID

managed since 1904 for sustainable timber production while
maintaining the richness and diversity of its ecosystem. The
objectives of management are the production of fuelwood,
charcoal and poles; the conservation of wildlife and marine floraand fauna and the provision of recreation, eco-tourism, education
and research. There are four distinct management zones: theproductive zone, the restricted productive zone, the unproductive
zone and the protective zone. The main challenges are adequate
timber production in view of a timber supply shortage; competing
land use; competing resource use and diversification; maintaining
healthy mangrove ecosystems; boundary disputes; and natural
hazards. The way forward is through government initiatives suchas replanting programmes, integrated planning and management,
product development through research and development, local
community involvement, and awareness campaigns. The Matang
mangroves have been managed systematically and sustainably forover a century. They provide an excellent learning experience insustainable forest management demonstrating good planning,
the conservation and protection of forests, sound management,
and fair and just administration.

12

Mangroves 2017

Dr Toe Toe Aung, speaking on "Myanmar’s Efforts on
Conservation and Management of Mangrove Ecosystems",
said that Myanmar has about around half a million hectaresof mangrove forests. This resource is under managementby the government in accordance with the principles laid
down in the forest policy, which calls for the managementof forest resources for the conservation of soil, water,
wildlife and biodiversity and the protection of theenvironment while fulfilling people’s basic needs for fuel,shelter, food and recreation. An important aspect of thispolicy is the participation of people in forest conservation
and use. Myanmar has its National Biodiversity Strategy
and Action Plan, spanning 2015–2020 and the Myanmar
Agenda 21, which addresses the sustainable management of coastal, marine and island
ecosystems. Myanmar’s mangrove forests have been placed under protection in order to meetthe commitments made in the Paris Agreement on climate change. The national target forcommunity forestry is 0.92 million hectares, which includes mangrove plantations. The
Myanmar Reforestation and Rehabilitation Program 2017–2026 provides for the rehabilitationof mangroves. There is increasing awareness among people about the value of mangroves.
Major issues in mangrove conservation and management include village settlement anddemands on mangrove forests for rice cultivation, shrimp ponds, fuelwood and charcoal
production. Five priorities in the National Strategy and Action Plan are environmental profiling,
capacity building, policy and strategy development, civil-society involvement and theestablishment of marine protected areas. In view of the importance of mangroves, their
management is often led by relatively more experienced and higher-ranking officials.
Professor Luiz Drude de Lacerda presented a paper titled"Neotropical mangroves: Conservation and Sustainable Usein A Scenario of Global Climate Changes". He said there are
4.06 million hectares of mangrove in Latin America and the
Caribbean, which is 26% of the world’s mangroves resource.
Major drivers of change in mangroves in the region are
urbanization, industrialization, agriculture, and aquaculture
as well as the construction of dams, which has affected thesediment and salt balance and nutrient fluxes. Replanting
and rehabilitation are major positive drivers. Mangroves act
as filters to protect adjacent coastal areas because themangrove rhizosphere traps metals, thus avoiding thecontamination of adjacent coastal waters. The highest
proportion of threatened mangrove species is on the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Central America. Major
constraints to a strong societal response to the threats posed to the mangroves are weak laws
on mangrove protection, the large capital investment required for mangrove rehabilitation, andan inability to add value to mangrove wood and non-wood products, all of which acts as

13

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

deterrents to community-based management. Professor Drude de Lacerda concluded his
address by stating that the drivers of impacts on mangroves have changed drastically in recent
years, reducing the effectiveness of important pre-existing societal responses to conservationand sustainable management in parts of Latin America. He recommended that the rehabilitation
strategies, conservation, laws and practices employed in mangrove forests should take into
consideration not only local anthropogenic drivers but also climate change.
In his presentation, titled "scheme of
Restoration and Mangrove Management in
Mexico with Funds from Environmental
Compensation for Land-Use Change in Forest
Lands",Mr. Jacinto Samuel García Carreón
said that Mexico ranks fourth in the world in
total mangrove area; major threats to theseecosystems are illegal logging and land-use
changes. Among the important consequencesof mangrove degradation are changes inhydrological flows, water chemistry and soilchanges, resulting in the depletion of soil
carbon. Lessons learned in mangrove
restoration include the selection of
appropriate
restorationsites,
theidentification of flow direction and soil
parameters, the restoration of hydrological flows by channels, and revegetation or
reforestation.
Ms Fatima Kanji Bonete, in her address“Mangroves in Mozambique”, said that
Mozambique loses about 800 hectares of its 300
000 hectares of mangroves each year, and losses
have increased in recent years. The main driversof these losses are the high demand for wood forenergy and land for the salt industry, as well asurbanization, erosion, aquaculture, pollution,
climate change, and land for development
programmes. There is increasing realization of theimportance of mangroves for the welfare ofcoastal people, however; mangroves are among
the world's most productive and biologicallyimportant ecosystems, providing ecosystem
goods and services important for human society
and for coastal and marine systems. Major
activities initiated by the government to reduce
threats to mangroves include mangrove planting, biodiversity projects, and other ecosystem-

14

Mangroves 2017

restoration efforts. Medium-term and long-term strategies include capacity building, thepromotion of sustainable mangrove management, improved research, protection andrehabilitation and raising public awareness. The way forward involves reviewing achievements
and gaps, the close monitoring of rehabilitation efforts, and renewed emphasis on involving
communities.
Ms Rakotoaridera Rantonirina, in her presentation titled“Towards sustainable management of mangroves in
Madagascar”, said that, in her country, mangrove forests
constitute an important part of the local subsistence
economy, being a main source of woodfuel, timber and nontimber forest products for local communities. The mainthreats to mangroves are overexploitation and illegal logging
due primarily to population pressure. A policy was laid out in2014 to encourage community management and prohibit
the overuse of mangroves; a national committee establishedto enforce the policy has proved ineffective, however. The
community management approach is not enough to stop the loss of mangroves, said Ms
Rantonirina. Plans for mangrove management exist, but they need updating and revision.
Integrated management should be promoted while improving the legislative and regulatory
framework to better manage and use mangroves in Madagascar

15

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Key Messages and Recommendations


















Mangroves play multiple valuable economic, social and environmental roles and are,often of vital importance to sections of society in the coastal tropics. Mangroves
reduce the vulnerability of coasts and coastal communities to weather-related risks,
and they also increase earnings from the marine catch and make it sustainable overthe long term. Mangroves produce wood and other biomass for sustenance, and help
mitigate climate change through relatively rapid rates of carbon sequestration.
Mangroves are under serious threats worldwide due to over-exploitation and poor
resource management, conversion for infrastructural uses such as ports, resorts androads as well as for aquaculture and rice cultivation, and marine pollution.
A lack of clarity on tenure rights has contributed to the weakening of community rolein mangroves protection.
There is an urgent need to protect and conserve remaining pristine and primarymangroves worldwide and to enhance the sustainable management of mangroves
through the formulation of appropriate policies, laws and regulations at all levels andby building capacities within implementing organizations and local communities.
Drivers of mangrove losses and degradation have changed in recent years, with
rapidly developing economies requiring large investments in coastal infrastructure.
This has reduced the effectiveness of some important societal responses towards
conservation and sustainable management.
Community-based mangrove management, which has traditionally been confined toproviding organizational inputs and labour, is unable to cope with the requirementsof capital investments while mangroves managed for forest products lack the forward
economic planning needed to expand product value and be competitive in global
markets.
The management of mangrove forests requires integrated multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches, as well as better coordination and networking. Societal andgovernmental responses to the fast-deteriorating situation of mangroves have beenin adequate.
Ecotourism can be integrated with mangrove rehabilitation and reforestation
programmes to obtain multiple benefits from mangrove ecosystems.
High levels of human and financial investments are needed for research anddevelopment into the sustainable production of the multiple goods and functions ofmangrove ecosystems.
Plans should be formulated for priority actions, such as assessing drivers, mapping
degraded mangroves, developing methodologies to restore and monitor mangroves,and selecting species best suited for planting. Rehabilitation strategies should take
into account not only local anthropogenic drivers but also future climate-change
scenarios in moving towards the achievement of the SDGs and the Paris Agreement.
Rapporteurs: Dr Aulia Aruan, Indonesia and Dr Antonio Villa-Lopera, Colombia

16Mangroves 2017

Theme 2:
Addressing climate-change adaptation and mitigation
Mangrove forests are among the most carbon-rich biomes; they form highly productive ecotones
between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, with carbon production rates equalling those oftropical humid forests. Mangrove forests allocate more carbon below ground than above ground,creating large carbon pools in soils and dead roots that ultimately reach ocean bottoms, away fromthe atmosphere. Mangrove deposits also enhances the nutritional value of the coastal waters,
which become breeding grounds for marine life. Discussions on this theme centered on
opportunities offered by mangroves for mitigating and adapting to climate change. The
presentations also covered payment for environmental services (PES) and the Blue Carbon
Initiative, which is a global effort to conserve and restore coastal and marine ecosystems.

[Keynote speaker]• Dr Nur Masripatin,

Summary of the presentations

In her key note speech, titled “Addressing climate-change mitigation
and adaptation in Indonesia and role of mangrove ecosystems”, Dr
Director General, Climate
Change, Ministry of
Nur Masripatin said that the Paris Agreement on climate change
Environment and Forestry,seeks to guide the global community in a long-term global response
Indonesia
to climate change through cooperation, and it underlines the
Speakers
importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems in the face of• Professor Dedi
increasing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Indonesian
Hadrianto, Mulawarman
commitment under the Paris Agreement emphasizes the country's
University, Indonesia• Dr. Ong Jin Eong, Honorary large coastal population and resultant vulnerability to climate
Chief Technical Advisor to ISME change. Mangroves play an important role in both mitigation andand Mangrove Specialist Group adaptation in Indonesia’s nationally determined contributions withof the IUCN Species Survival
mangrove conservation and restoration integral to the country’s
Commission• Dr. Tomomi Inoue, Seniorpush to promote climate resilience in food, water and energy.
Researcher, Center for
Nevertheless, said Dr Nur, there is widespread mangrove
Environmental Biology anddegradation in Indonesia due to overharvesting, which is sometimes
Ecosystem Studies, National
Institute for Environmental
the first step towards land-use change.
Studies, Japan• Dr. Kangkuso Analuddin,
Department of Biology, Halu
Oleo University, Southeast
Sulawesi, Indonesia• Mr. Barakalla, Blue Carbon
Coordinator, Conservation
International, Indonesia

Planned land-use change for othereconomic activities is anothermajor cause of mangrove loss, anda lack of awareness of the true
value of mangroves and a lack of
coordination
among
variousauthorities also places serious
stresses on this precious resource.
Things are changing for the better,
however, with the 2015-2019 plan

[Moderator]• Dr Daniel Murdiyarso,
Principal Scientist, Center forInternational Forestry
Research, Indonesia

17International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

to develop enabling conditions for sustainable mangrove
management; this involves coherent actions at the national level,
including research into the causes of depletion and possible
solutions, and resource mobilization for large-scale ameliorative
action through partnerships and international cooperation. Specificprocedural criteria for mangrove forest management need to be
developed, as has been done for other specialized ecosystem types.

18

Mangroves 2017

Professor Dedi Hadrianto, presenting his paper titled “Toward FutureManagement of Mangrove in Mahakam Delta Forest Management
Unit, East Kalimantan”, said that oil and natural gas exploration andaquaculture are dominant land uses and the primary causes ofdeforestation in the Mahakam Delta , which was about 500 hactares
annually in the 1980s and has been increasing; perhaps 85000 hactares
have been lost. There are about 61 500 aquaculture ponds in the delta,
none of which has a legal permit. Mangrove management activities
under implementation include land rezoning, rehabilitation, social forestry, ecological pond
management, and collaborative management. Nurseries and planting activities are being
undertaken to restore mangroves, but new approaches are needed to rehabilitate degradedmangrove forests. Natural revegetation in disused aquaculture ponds is prevalent, and this can be
speeded up with appropriate interventions. Environmentally benign, small-sized “green”
aquaculture ponds have been started as pilot projects.
Dr Ong Jin Eong spoke on “measuring Mangrove Blue Carbon
Fluxes”. He said that carbon fluxes in mangrove forests have only alimited similarity with those in other forest ecosystems because asignificant part of the primary production from photosynthesis isleached into the sea by tides twice a day. Studies have indicated thatthe peak productivity is at around ten years of age in plantations.
The carbon dioxide exchanges during photosynthesis and respiration
can be measured using flux towers, and assessments ofaboveground and belowground biomass are made using allometricequations, the appropriateness of which determines the accuracy of estimation. As in other forest
ecosystems, soil carbon measurements are made by taking soils samples at different depths. For
carbon trading to be sustainablek, the measurements of carbon fluxes must be underpinned byscience, requiring further research. A small part of the revenue from carbon trading could be used
to fund research.
Dr Tomomi Inoue, presenting his paper titled “Carbon storage ofmangrove ecosystems: global maps of reported data and estimatedmodels”, said that mangrove forests store more carbon than any otherforest type per unit area. There is relatively higher belowground carbon
in estuaries and higher aboveground carbon in oceanic mangroves. The
estimated annual release of carbon from mangroves is in the range of
900–4500 tonnes per hactares. Of about 250 data sets of abovegroundand belowground carbon in biomass in mangrove ecosystems aroundthe world, the highest is 2203 tonnes per hactares in Sondaken, North
Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tidal range, wind and temperature are correlated with above ground biomass;
tidal range, swell and temperature correlate with the underground necromass. The stored static
necromass carbon can sometimes be thousands of years old.

19

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Dr Kangkuso Analuddin presented a paper titled “Mangrove forestsand conservation of their services in the Coral Triangle Eco-region,
Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia”. There are significant areas ofmangroves in Rawa Aopa, Tiworo Archipelago, the North Buton
wildlife conservation area, and Wakatobi Marine National Park in
Southeast Sulawesi. The main threat to mangroves in the Coral
Triangle is conversion to other land uses. By 2007, when these areas
were brought under conservation, about 23,700 hactares had alreadybeen converted to aquaculture. Sedimentation and pollution frommining and upland deforestation also have adverse impacts on mangrove ecosystems. A goodstrategy for restoration would include the reintroduction of mangroves to abandoned aquaculture
ponds and other unproductive aquaculture areas, the management of natural revegetation by
reducing large woody debris to promote growth, the more effective conservation of mangrove
floral and faunal species, and the development of mangrove-based non-Timber forest product value
chains.
Mr. Barakalla presented a paper titled “Conservation International’sBlue Carbon Approach in Kaimana, West Papua, Indonesia” and said
that mangroves cover 81 169 hactares in Kaimana, West Papua. The
resource is facing severe deforestation, however, moving rapidly
from west to east, with logging concessions already sitting atop
mangrove areas. Focused conservation efforts and advocacy have
proved fruitful, with as many as 22 oil-palm projects denied
permission in Kaimana in 2016. Long-term solutions cannot be
exclusively prohibition-based, however, and local people need to beengaged in mangrove management in such a way that their incomes do not decline as a result ofmangrove conservation. Potential strategies include the alignment of overarching and sometimes
conflicting policies from ministries; investment in sustainable fisheries catch enhancement;
addressing supply-chain bottlenecks in high-value products like mangrove crabs; and mangrovebased carbon credits. In villages with homogenous communities, the traditional Sasi system of rules
on temporary prohibitions on the use of a particular resources or territories may also work.

20

Mangroves 2017

Moderator’s summary of discussions
 Climate change adaptation is defined as a set of measures aim at responding to the impacts









of climate change, whereas mitigation involves addressing the causes of climate change by
reducing sources and enhancing sinks of greenhouse gases.
Mangroves ecosystems can play significant roles in nationally determined contributions
under the Paris Agreement on climate change, including measures to reduce greenhousegas emissions and actions to adapt to climate change.
Managing mangrove ecosystems needs strong governance systems with clear objectives inaddressing tenure-related issues.
High-tier carbon metrics, including allometric equations, carbon stocks and cycling, are key
crucial for reducing uncertainties and enhancing the credibility of reporting.
The rehabilitation and restoration of degraded mangroves should be done in tandem withefforts to protect existing mangroves and to enhance value chains for mangrove-based
non-timber products.
Involving local communities and adopting local agendas would be beneficial not only for
ecological sustainability but also the well-being of communities that depend on coastal
resources.

Key messages and recommendations










To motivate the global community to act quickly to conserve and restore mangrove
ecosystems, it is necessary to acknowledge the significant role these ecosystems play insequestering carbon dioxide and storing carbon. Both the above-ground and below-groundbiomass of mangroves in the Indo-Pacific region stores more carbon (per unit area) thanboreal, temperate and tropical forests.
Countries with tropical coastlines should be encouraged to specifically include theconservation and restoration of mangroves in their nationally determined contributions as
a way of ensuring that mangroves receive due attention from national leaderships and to
facilitate adequate financial allocations and sound monitoring.
Adequate investments in research on carbon sequestration, transpiration and deposition
processes in mangroves is required to reduce uncertainties around estimates of carbon
stock and sequestration in various kinds of mangrove ecosystems. Such research would
enhance the credibility of reporting by countries to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change.
Managing mangrove ecosystems needs strong governance with clear objectives, especiallyin addressing tenure-related issues. Degraded mangroves should be restored by engaging
local communities to the greatest extent possible while also achieving the primaryobjectives, by adopting local agendas.
Taxation on economic activities with a bearing on coastal ecosystems should be considered
under the Blue Carbon Initiative, part of the revenues could be used as a global fund for
mangrove research and restoration.
Rapporteurs: Ms. Yani Septiani, Indonesia and Mr. Ben Brown, Australia

21

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

22

Mangroves 2017

Theme 3:
Sustainable livelihoods for mangrove-dependentcommunities
The effective participation of communities, tenure security, traditional knowledge, gender equity
and benefit sharing were among the topics discussed under this theme. Speakers and participants
shared their experiences with community-based management approaches and livelihood
improvement efforts in community forestry involving predominantly mangrove species; a bio-rights
approach involving conditional loans as incentives for community participation in restoration inIndonesia; and community management in Fiji’s Rewa Delta. The focus was on diversifying income
sources for mangrove-dependent communities while enhancing their contributions to mangrove
protection.

[Keynote speaker]• Ms Cecile Ndjebet, African
Women’s Network forCommunity Management ofForest[Speakers]• Mr Wiratno, Director of
Area Preparation for Social
Forestry, Director General ofSocial Forestry andEnvironment Partnership.
Ministry of Environment andForestry, Indonesia• Dr. Mohammad Basyuni,
Department of Forestry,
University of Sumatera Utara,
Indonesia• Professor. Kithsiri
Ranawana, University of
Paradeniya-Kandy, Sri Lanka• Dr Pham Duc Chien,
Deputy Director ResearchInstitute for Forest Ecology andEnvironment, Vietnamese
Academy of Forest Sciences,
Viet Nam• Dr Kenichi Shono, Forest
Resources Officer, FAO
Regional Office for Asia andthe Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand

Summary of the presentations
Presenting her keynote address titled “Women’s response activities
in the restoration and management of mangroves in Cameroon”, Ms.
Cecile Ndjebet said that the key drivers of mangrove deforestation inher country are population growth; infrastructure development;
wood-fuel demand; unregulated fishing; the diversion of land for oilpalm plantations; oil gas exploitation; pollution from industries; anda lack of legal and institutional frameworks to address these
problems. Mangroves are important for women for their livelihood
and as sources of food, medicines and drinking water, as sacred sites,
and for incomes from marine catch. The disappearance of mangrovesis a threat to families and to society as
well. Women are engaged in nurseryestablishment, agroforestry, cookstove improvement, and developing
alternative income activities such as
bee keeping. Women need to be
empowered by building theircapacities, increasing their access tofunding, and removing legal andpolicy hurdles that stand in the way of
their empowerment.
Mr Wiratno, speaking on the topic of “social forestry in Indonesia”,
said forestry is about people, not trees, and there is a need to23

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems[Moderator]• Dr Victor Agyeman,
Director General and Chief
Research Scientist, Council for
Scientific and Industrial
Research, Ghana

promote social forestry across all
management
types
and
the
management
spectrum.
Thegovernment has given access rights
to forest farmer groups in 9800
villages, with a target of reforesting
12.7 million hectares of forestlands inthe period 2015-2019. The key
factors for success in social forestry
are public-private partnerships andadherence to the four principles of governance, namely,transparency, participation, accountability and collective
responsibility.
Dr Mohammad Basyuni speaking on “community-based ecotourism
in North Sumatra, Indonesia” said that, owing to their position on theland-sea interface, mangroves have high potential for promoting
ecotourism in North Sumatera Mangrove ecotourism is a sustainable
form of land use, contributing to environmental conservation while
also providing socio-economic benefits for local people by creating amarket for the indirect values of the resource. In order to develop
and promote mangrove ecotourism, important parameters like
community profile, the nature of mangrove ecosystems, ecologicalsuitability and carrying capacity should be considered. Nonconsumptive uses of mangroves, such as ecotourism, will help reduceresource dependency.

Professor Kithsiri Ranawana spoke on the topic of“community development in the mangrove
conservation programme of the Small Fishers
Federation, Sri Lanka”. He said that, in his country,
over 6000 hectares of mangroves have been clearedin the last three decades for shrimp farming and othercommercial purposes. With financial support from
Seacology, the Small Fishers Federation of Sri Lanka
has launched a mangrove conservation drive with
communities throughout the coastal belt of Sri Lanka.
Given the women’s groups are the most dynamic
mangrove conservation forces, the federation
provides such groups with legal and scientificknowhow to identify, conserve and replant mangroves. Village-based community mangrove
nurseries have been established, and each family produces at least 100 mangrove seedlings in theirhome gardens near the lagoon. Micro credit, skills training, and facilitating job opportunities for
women are possible ways to alleviate poverty and contribute to mangrove conservation. A small
amount of financial assistance can offer a path out of poverty for some of the country’s most24

Mangroves 2017vulnerable inhabitants, who are key partners in efforts to protect remaining mangrove forests.
There is a realization that women are a major source of power for conservation and that mangrove
conservation can only be effective by raising awareness among people and tapping into community
organizations.
Dr Pham Duc Chien spoke on the topic of “sustainable developmentof mangrove forest ecosystems in Thai Binh, Viet Nam”. He said thatmangrove forests in Thai Binh are severely degraded by aquaculture
activities and other land-use changes, inadequate management anddamages caused by extreme weather events. A ten-year project onmangrove rehabilitation was launched in 2015 with the support oflocal communities. Communes are provided with budgetary
support at the rate of US$20 per hectare per year, of which 90%
goes directly to the group of people within the commune
responsible for mangrove protection and management; thecommune uses the rest for monitoring, organizing meetings andcommunications. The project is also helping to develop and operate community regulations on the
management and protection of mangrove forests in communes. It is proposed that people who
harvest sea food products from mangroves should be required to pay a fee, which would be used
to fund the operations of management and protection groups and also to re-invested in thedevelopment of mangrove ecosystems.
Dr Kenichi Shono spoke about the project “Income for coastal
communities for mangrove protection”, which is being
implemented in Pakistan, Thailand and Viet Nam with the aim ofconserving and restoring mangroves by introducing sustainablefinancing for coastal communities. The project is developing lowcost mechanisms that enable investors to promote mangrove
conservation, carbon emission reductions and sustainable
development by helping local communities diversify their livelihood
options while enriching mangrove resources and protecting coastal
assets. Under the project, the financing agency provides local
communities with financial or in-kind incentives in return for
mangrove protection and restoration. The incentives provided are also expected to cover the costsof most project activities, including mangrove restoration, patrolling and monitoring, implemented
by the local community. A key consideration is the right of local communities to manage mangrovesto the exclusion of others, which necessitates clear tenure rights in favour of communities. The
project has a better chances of success when tenure rights are clear, the responsibilities of eachparty to the agreement are well defined, financial incentives are adequate for providing alternate
livelihoods, and there is an effective financial management system.

25

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Key messages and recommendations











Mangroves provide key livelihood support for women and, therefore, the empowerment of women
by way of small loans, skills training and facilitated job opportunities should be central to restorationand conservation efforts.
Community-based forest management can succeed when there is clarity on tenure; attractive
immediate and long-term incentives exist; capacity is developed; and there is good local awarenessof the role of mangroves and sound knowledge on appropriate restoration techniques. Incentives for
mangrove restoration should be linked to measurable indicators such as survival and growth rates.
To ensure that communities extend their consent for restoration over all restoration sites, theyshould be provided with appropriately thought-out exit strategies that limit damage to the restored
ecosystems.
In places where local people profit commercially from mangroves, user fees could be incorporated
for financing the management, rehabilitation and conservation of mangroves.
Non-consumptive uses of mangroves for ecotourism and nature education can help reduce resource
dependency and should be promoted. Even with good investment in capacity building, however, ittakes time to develop areas for ecotourism because it is not easy to change the attitudes of local
communities. Being an entrepreneurial activity, ecotourism involves risks that local communities
need to understand.
Mangrove conservation can be encouraged by inculcating a love of nature, especially among the young,and it can be made more effective by strengthening awareness in community organizations.

Rapporteurs: Ms Retno Surati, Indonesia and Dr Leni D. Camacho, Philippines

26

Mangroves 2017

Theme 4:
Restoration of degraded mangrove forests and ecosystems
The restoration of degraded mangroves needs to be pursued in ways that incorporate bothscientific principles of silviculture and traditional knowledge adapted to local conditions to build
resilience at disturbed sites. Discussions on this theme centred around best practices in mangrove
restoration to increase the chances of success through the proper design of restoration
programmes that take into consideration the dynamics of mangrove ecosystems at particular sites.

[Keynote speaker]
Dr Richard A. MacKenzie,

Summary of the presentations

In his keynote address, Dr
Richard A. MacKenzie
Acting Watershed National
Program Leader, US Forest
spoke on the subject ofService, Institute of Pacific Islands“mitigation of climate
Forestry, United States ofAmericachangethroughmoreeffective rehabilitation of[Speakers]
degraded and deforested• Dr M. Firman, DG
mangroves”. He said that
Watershed, Forest andEnvironment, Ministry of
mangroves and tropicalEnvironment and Forestry,
wetlands store 3-5 times
Indonesia
more carbon than any other• Mr Nyoman
Suryadiputra, Director oftropical or temperate ecosystem. Mangrove restoration requires
Wetlands International,
ecological and hydrological assessments of plantation sites and theIndonesia• Ms Benjamas Chotthong, implementation of appropriate planting techniques to ensure
Thailand Environment
success. Successful restoration also requires the involvement of local
Institute, Thailand
communities and a true understanding and accommodation of land
• Mr Joseph Tangah, Sabah
Forestry Department, Malaysia tenure. Mangroves restored through planting will develop carbon
stocks comparable with naturally regenerated intact mangrove• Mr Lokossou Achille
Orphée, Management of
ecosystems over a period of 30-40 years and offer similar ecosystem
Forests and Natural Resources, services. The Institution of Pacific Islands Forestry, USA, has
Ministry of Environment, Benindeveloped a mangrove restoration support that shows flow charts of[Moderator]
activities and stakeholder involvement. The tool currently looks only
Dr Luiz Drude de Lacerda,
at carbon stocks, and other ecosystem services such as biodiversity
Brazilwill be added as more knowledge is gathered through research.

27

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Dr M. Firman, presenting his paper titled “Mangrove ecosystemmanagement policy in Indonesia”, said that more than half
Indonesia’s mangroves are partially or severely degraded.
Mangrove ecosystems face threats from human activities andfrom natural causes such as tsunamis. Shrimp farming is one of
the major drivers of mangrove degradation. The central thrust ofIndonesia’s approach is to maintain existing mangroves that are
in good condition and to restore and rehabilitate degradedmangroves. A number of regulations have been put in place toensure good mangrove management. Mangrove maps showing
the status of degradation are being generated to assist innational-level planning for the rehabilitation of degraded mangroves. Mangrove working groups
have been established at the national, provincial and district levels to assist in the implementationof the rehabilitation strategy, and a number of programmes have been developed by the Ministryof Environment and Forestry. The ASEAN Mangrove Network, which was established in 2012 withsupport from the Japan International Cooperation Agency, encourages cooperation among ASEAN
countries on the sustainable management of mangroves.
Mr Nyoman Suryadiputra spoke on the subject of “restoring
degraded coastal mangrove areas in Banten Bay Indonesia
using sediment traps”. He said that Indonesia has 3.2 million
hectares of mangroves, which is 23% of mangroves worldwide,with an estimated carbon stocks of 3.14 billion tonnes. The
concept of “silvo-fishery ponds” has been developed in Banten
Bay to create environmentally friendly ponds. Sediment istrapped step by step using old fish nets, sand bags and bamboo
poles, starting close to the eroded coast line and thenextended further as earlier trapped sediments become morestable. These stable sediments act as new mangrove habitats, which can be colonized naturally if
mature mangrove trees are available in the vicinity. Local communities can easily implement thissimple technology, provided there is capacity building and a certain level of technical supervision.
In her presentation titled “Secure coastal ecosystems, securecommunities in tsunami-affected areas”, Ms Benjamas
Chotthong spoke about the rehabilitation of mangroves
damaged by the 2006 tsunami through community-based
coastal resource management approaches under an ITTO
project on mangrove rehabilitation. The project involves theintegrated coastal resource management of 3688 hectares,
focusing on capacity development, training local government
officers and community leaders, and socio-economic incentives
through the development of high-value biological products
from mangroves. Increasing the awareness and involvement oflocal communities is crucial for mangrove rehabilitation.

28

Mangroves 2017

Mr Joseph Tangah presented his paper titled, “The SFD & ISME
collaboration on rehabilitation of degraded mangroves in Sabah:a success story towards sustainable forest management”. He
said that about 58% of mangroves in Malaysia are in Sabah,covering an area of 281 375 hectares, of which about 3300
hectares have been illegally encroached and occupied.
Mangroves in Sabah are designated as forest reserves and zoned
in protection classes. A mangrove restoration programme,
based on an assessment of forest cover began in Sabah in 2005.
The private sector provides support for rehabilitation projects in
Sabah, and local communities and other members of the public
are encouraged to participate in the planting programme. The
main drivers mangrove of loss and degradation are encroachment, human settlement andagriculture, including oil palm. Rehabilitation projects have been successful due to the support oflocal governments, civil society, ISME and other stakeholders. Most large shrimp farms establishedin the past involves legally alienated lands; they are outside forest reserves and are thus notincluded in rehabilitation efforts. The rehabilitated mangrove forests will prevent further erosion
along the waterways and create an environment conducive to mangrove establishment. In the longrun, this collaborative project will prove beneficial to all stakeholders in mangrove ecosystems andrestore valuable mangrove forests throughout Sabah’s wetlands.

Mr Lokossou Achille Orphée spoke on the “restoration andsustainable management of mangroves in Benin”, most of whichhave been severely degraded in recent decades due tooverexploitation for timber and fuelwood and their extent
reduced by more than 60% through diversion for agriculture, salt
production and urban and transport infrastructure.
Themanagement of mangrove ecosystems requires a decentralized
governance approach with the active participation of local
communities. National synergy in the implementation of various
multilateral environmental agreements is required for the
restoration and sustainable management of mangroves by way ofintegrating sustainable mangrove management into national policies, action plans anddevelopment strategies. National strategies for restoring mangrove ecosystems in Benin include
the creation of marine and coastal protected areas, the restoration of degraded mangroves andthe integration of mangrove rehabilitation and sustainable management into national
development efforts. The Benin government is also promoting eco-tourism as one of its flagshipprogrammes, involving the development of seaside resorts in managed mangrove ecosystems.

29International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Key messages and recommendations


The starting point for restoring degraded mangrove areas should be the preparation of
integrated management plans based on an area’s bio-geophysical background andenvironmental history. These plans should be prepared by qualified mangrove professionals
with the full collaboration of local communities and local governments, and they shouldincorporate the development of viable alternative livelihoods for mangrove-dependent families.



Abandoned shrimp ponds form an important potential restoration site for mangroves andincentives are needed that are attractive to the owners of these ponds and yet are financiallysustainable.



Many restoration projects have failed due to a lack of ecological assessment of the selectedsites. Proper techniques should be employed based on the ecological characteristics of the sites
to ensure their success. Local knowledge should be used to enhance the effectiveness of new
innovative techniques for restoring mangroves areas.

The empowerment of women and their participation in the preparation, execution, monitoring
and governance of restoration initiatives, will increase the chances of success.

Enhancing the capacity of local participants is important for ensuring the sustainability of
projects when funding and the involvement of external technical expertise cease.

Wherever feasible, the well-recognized role of mangroves in mitigating and adapting to climatechange should be used to attract funding for mangrove restoration.
Rapporteurs: Dr Aulia A. Aruan, Indonesia and Dr Samsudin Musa, Malaysia

30

Mangroves 2017

Theme 5:Strengthening good governance, law enforcement andmonitoring systems
Governmental agencies, such as departments of forestry, fisheries, coastal planning, agriculture,environment and marine parks, have overlapping jurisdictions over coastal resources, and theirpolicies often conflict. This session addressed lessons learned in mangrove governance and theexperiences gained and challenges encountered. There is often a need to strengthen law
enforcement against illegal activities, as well as to improve monitoring systems for assessing
progress in the sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems.

[Keynote speaker]• Mr Istanto[Speakers]• Dr Dan Friess, Departmentof Geography, National
University of Singapore• Dr Monika Ruwaimana,
Universitas Atma Jaya
Yogyakarta, Indonesia• Mr Ruhuddien Pandu
Yudha, PT Bintuni Utama
Murni Wood Industries,
Indonesia• Dr Dixon T. Gevana,
University of the Philippines,
Los Banos, Philippines• Dr Victor Kwame
Agyeman, Director General,
Council for Scientific andIndustrial Research, Ghana[Moderator]
Dr Hadi S. Pasaribu,• Chairman, Forest for LifeIndonesia Foundation,
Indonesia

Summary of the presentations
In his keynote address on theimportance of good governance,
judicious law enforcement, and theneed for high-quality monitoring, Dr
Hadi S. Pasaribu said that, with as
many as 1.3 million hectares ofdegraded mangroves, mostly due toillegal logging and encroachment,
environmental
law
enforcement
including forest laws and regulations
is a top priority for the Indonesian government. Three strategic
steps have been taken: good environmental governance, affirmative
actions, and environmental political leadership. A special task force
is being developed to improve law enforcement in the environment
and forest sectors. Affirmative actions imply that law enforcement
must be conducted consistently and equitably to create a deterrent
effect. Another important initiative is capacity building in the
judiciary through the introduction of an environmental certification
programme by the Supreme Court, and ramping up thecommitment and quality of the verdicts by applying the principle ofin dubio pro natura (“When in doubt, in favour of nature”) for
environmental justice. It is necessary to actively involve public
participation in law enforcement to strengthen the supremacy oflaw. Ultimately, the analysis indicated that a sound and judicious
enforcement of good laws should be able to change people’s
behaviour.

31International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Dr Dan Friess presented his paper titled, “Rates and causes ofmangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia from 2000 to 2012”.
He said that, although it is often claimed that the mangroves ofSoutheast Asia are being lost at the rate of 1-3% annually, tworecent studies in the region have suggested that the rate
between 2000 and 2012 was about 0.2% per year. The main
drivers of mangrove loss vary between countries, but
aquaculture is still the leading cause in many countries, followedby rice and oil-palm cultivation. Although mangrove
deforestation may have declined recently, mangroves are still
under threat because governments have set ambitious targets to produce more palm oil andaquacultural and agricultural products. The good thing is that the world is now more prepared tomake informed management and policy decisions to better protect mangroves.

Dr Monika Ruwaimana spoke on the “comparison of satellite anddrone imagery for mangrove mapping”. She said drone
photography has both advantages and disadvantages oversatellite imagery, and she made comparisons of total costs, image
clarity and the ability to work in different weather conditions.
Drones have huge potential as a new research and monitoring
tool, especially for areas less than 100 hectares in size, which areoften most vulnerable to both deforestation and degradation.

Mr Ruhuddien Pandu Yudha, speaking on the subject of “FSCcertified sustainable mangrove forest management bestpractices”, presented his experiences of best practices in thesustainable management of mangrove forests in West Papua
involving local communities. He said that mangrove forests canbe used sustainably, as shown in a Forest Stewardship Councilcertified operation by a company in Indonesia, which is producing
2.9 million m3 of wood chips per year. The company has adopted
five pillars to ensure sustainability: 1) compliance with laws andregulations; 2) the adoption of a sustainable silvicultural system;3) sustained economic development of the area; 4)environmental management backed by sound monitoring and research; and 5) genuine communityand stakeholder engagement. Economic value is the key driver of sustainability because it enables
social and environmental improvement. However, government policies on mangroves makeproducts costlier to produce compared with competing monoculture plantation forests.

32Mangroves 2017

Dr Dixon Gevana presented a paper titled “Communitybased mangrove management in the Philippines:
Experience and Challenges of Forest Governance in thecontext of Climate Change”. He said major issues with
community-based mangroves management are elusive
tenure rights, insufficient alternative livelihoods, a lack ofmotivations for participation in reforestation, poor
ecological considerations when doing reforestation, anddeficient coastal land-use-zone planning and management.
Community-based mangrove will only be successful, he said,
if the community understands that mangrove management
can provide goods and services now and well into the
future.
There are often overlaps in policies on mangrove use rights, leading to conflicts and a loss of faith in
the intentions of government; therefore, this needs to be reviewed as a priority. A national policy
forum to discuss important technical, legal and socio-economic issues in sustainably managing
mangrove forests would be helpful.

In presenting his paper titled ”Community-basedmangrove management as inspiration for effective
national policy development”, Dr Victor Agyeman argued
that national policies on mangroves should be formulated
based on integrated public consultation processes withstrong stakeholder engagement. Institutions involved inmanaging mangroves should be more transparent andaccountable. Laws that prohibit mangrove use may not beeffective conservation tools on their own, and they should
be complemented by policies that increase the benefits
local communities obtain from the resources. Strong civilsociety and media advocacy and scrutiny of policy
development and implementation are essential for
conservation success.

33International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Key messages and recommendations


Relevant government agencies and stakeholders should work together to establish soundpolicies and laws. This may require co-ordination by a single authority of the activities ofdiverse actors.



Law enforcement must be conducted consistently and equitably to create a deterrent
effect. Intense efforts to build capacity are required, not only for law enforcement
personnel but also for members of the judiciary through environmental certification
programmes.



The judicious application of the precautionary principle of in dubio pro natura will help
improve the quality of environmental justice.



Enforcement officers from relevant government departments usually have the mandate
and authority to halt the illegal harvesting of forest products and illegal fishing. Audits
should be undertaken to assess their effectiveness and to make recommendations for
improvements to be incorporated in management plans.



A lack of clarity on mangrove use rights leads to conflicts and a loss of faith in theintentions of government and. Use rights, therefore, need to be reviewed as a priority.

More precise data are needed to accurately monitor mangrove deforestation. Drone
technology offers a promising new research and monitoring tool.



Mangrove conservation does not exclude harvesting, and mangroves can be usedsustainably through strict adherence to good forest practices. Appropriate silvicultural
systems need to be developed for mangrove ecosystems.
Rapporteurs: Ms Yani Septiani, Indonesia and Mr Barney Chan, Malaysia

34

Mangroves 2017

Theme 6:
Scaling up payment for environmental services inmangrove forests
Various initiatives are helping to raise awareness of the important environmental services provided
by mangrove forests and the need to pay for these services. Mangrove-based ecotourism operated
by local communities and the private sector is increasing in many tropical countries; in Indonesia,
the certification of mangrove forests has shown promise in recent years. The many environmental
values of mangrove ecosystems, methodologies for their valuation, experiences in developing PES
schemes, and policies and legal frameworks for increasing demand for the environmental services
provided by mangrove forests were the focus of discussions under this theme.

[Keynote speaker]
Dr Patricia MorenoCasasola, Institute of Ecology,
Mexico[Speakers]• Mr Ben Brown, Charles
Darwin University, Australia• Dr Leni D. Camacho,
University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Philippines• Dr Vien Ngoc Nam, Facultyof Forestry, Nong Lam
University, Viet Nam• Mr Daniel Coronel,
Alternate Development
Mechanisms, Lima, Peru
• Ms Leah Glass, Blue
Ventures, Blue Carbon andCoastal Communities,
Madagascar[Moderator]
Ms Akiko Nakano,
Deputy Director, Biodiversity
Policy Division, Ministry ofEnvironment, Japan

Summary of the presentations
In her keynote address, Dr
Patricia Moreno Casasola
spoke on “mangroves andfreshwater flooded forests,
their value to society” in thecontext of Mexico. She said thatmangroves and other wetland
ecosystems such as swamps
and marshes are of crucial
importance in regulating theimpact of floods. Mapping the economic values of services provided
by these wetlands is a helpful tool in decision-making and policy
making. Considerable work has been done to establish PES schemesin Mexico and elsewhere, but much ground is yet to be covered. PES
schemes need greater clarity on the quantity and quality of services
on offer over what period. There is also a need to identity the real
producers of these services, distinguishing those who actively work(or otherwise make economic and other sacrifices) to maintain these
services from those who merely own rights to the wetlands. Researchon PES schemes must relate to real programmes that bring incomesto poor communities.

35

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Mr Ben Brown, presenting his paper “Building consensus forclimate compatible development in the Lorentz Lowlands, theworld’s most productive mangrove and tropical lowland swamp
forest landscape”, said that, in several communities, there arestrong cultural links to mangroves as homes of their ancestors.
Conflicting interests between the cultural preferences ofcommunities and the need for economic production, therefore,
need to be addressed with empathy. Mangrove benefits, if
properly managed, can offer local communities with many economic opportunities. By one
estimate, 1 hectare of mangrove forests provides US$ 2240 worth of ecosystem services every year
by way of food, wood and carbon to local communities. Capacity building for more effective
mangrove management is needed to fully harness these benefits, and social forestry through comanagement between government and local communities offers a good approach for sustainable
mangrove management.
Dr Leni D. Camacho gave a presentation on the “economic
valuation for sustainable mangrove ecosystems management in
the Philippines”. She said that, as of now, only limited sciencebased tools and initiatives are available for in accounting for thevalues of mangrove ecosystems. The economic valuation ofmangroves should include both extractive and non-extractive
uses. Mangrove tourism could give significant additional income
to local communities who would be incentivized to sustain
ecosystem services. Government policies should encourage mangrove conservation by promoting
non-wood-based livelihoods, and policies that constrain the use rights of local people over the
mangroves they planted should be reviewed. Dr Camacho estimated that the total economic valueof mangroves from recreation, biodiversity, woodfuel and marine catch could be more than
US$1000 per hectare annually.

Dr Vien Ngoc Nam, presenting a paper titled “Mangrove payment
forest ecosystem services in Ca Mau Province, Viet Nam”, said
that PES was an effective approach for conserving mangroves. PES
revenues could serve to reduce the burden on the exchequer inmanaging this resource while also increasing household income.
Designing an effective and judicious PES scheme is a difficult task,
however, because it needs a lot of negotiations between
government, local communities and private entities in the face ofmany uncertainties about valuation processes. In the case of a PES
pilot in Ca Mau in Viet Nam, private companies benefiting fromecosystem services provided by mangroves are required to pay US$200 per year to communities in
return for protecting mangroves. This pilot is expected to provide the basis for developing a national
PES policy framework on mangroves in Viet Nam.

36

Mangroves 2017

Ms Leah Glass, presenting her
paper titled “Blue carbon andcoastal communities: lessons
learned from the implementationof mangrove carbon projects in
Madagascar”, said that the biggest
cause of mangrove deforestation in
Madagascar was increasing local
and regional charcoal demand. A
clear understanding of tenurearrangements is crucial for setting
up blue-carbon projects in poor communities wary of losing what little they have. Early economic
returns are also essential for attracting these communities. Project modelling and forecasting,including benefit-sharing scenarios, opportunity costs, and the challenges of dealing with volatile
markets, are crucial for the success of projects. Project designs should consider project size,
leakage, alternative livelihoods and integration with sustainable fisheries management.

37

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Key messages and recommendations

Mangrove ecosystems have huge economic value that is usually underestimated because themany indirect benefits and co-benefits are rarely taken into account.



Payments schemes for ecosystem services face many challenges, including in themethodologies for, and policies on valuation; tenure; uncertainty on carbon price; thewillingness of beneficiaries to pay; equity considerations; certification requirements; andfunding.

PES schemes must take into account the social, cultural and ethnic diversity of local
communities dwelling inside and adjacent to mangrove forests.

PES schemes should provide clarity on the quantity and quality of services on offer, as well as
their timespan. There is a need to identity the real producers of these services, distinguishingthose who make sacrifices to maintain the services from those who own rights over lands
containing mangroves.

Capacity building is needed among relevant government staff and in communities to increase
the effectiveness of mangrove management in providing ecosystem services.



The role of mangroves in coastal protection deserves more attention in the preparation ofclimate-change adaptation plans. The use of natural coastal protection should be
encouraged, and this can form part of the funding mechanism for PES schemes.



There is an urgent need to take the initiative to move forward. Piloting PES schemes will
generate useful lessons, which can be conveyed to other countries.
Rapporteurs: Ms Retno Suratri, Indonesia and Dr Dixon T. Gevaña, Philippines

38Mangroves 2017

Theme 7:
Increasing research, education and awarenessSpeakers, and other conference participants highlighted the need for intensive research to enhance
understanding of all aspects of mangrove ecosystems, such as the carbon cycle, the impact ofvarious silvicultural techniques on productivity and sustainability, and regeneration techniques.
Research is a powerful tool, but it requires considerable investments of money and humanresources, and often considerable time, to yield results. Presentations on the theme covered
innovative research on ecological resilience, silvicultural interventions for sustainable mangrove
management, and the various uses of wood and non-wood mangrove products.

Summary of presentations[Keynote speaker]• Dr Jurgenne Primavera,
Chief Mangrove Scientific
Advisor of the ZoologicalSociety of London, thePhilippines[Speakers]• Dr Promode Kant, Director,
Institute of Green Economy,
India• Mr Muljadi Tantra, Green
Forest Product and Tech. Pte
Ltd, Singapore• Dr Adji Sapta, TOYOTAIndonesia• Dr Noriaki Sakaguchi, JICA,
Japan• Dr Antonio Villa-Lopera,
biologist, Colombia[Moderator]
Dr Mami Kainuma, ISMEIn her keynote speech, “Mangrove
rehabilitation in the Philippines:
science vs quotas”, Dr JurgennePrimavera said that mangrove
rehabilitation and conservation
should be science-based and not
driven by quotas or budgets.
Highest priority should be given to
the reversion of abandoned fish andshrimp ponds. When planting on
seafronts, it is important to choose the right sites and to plant
resilient species such as Avicenna marina and Sonneratia alba.
Rehabilitation success should be rated by the area restored rather
than the number of seedlings planted. Dr Primavera stressed theimportance of engaging local communities, including youth andschool children, in the rehabilitation process
Dr Promode Kant presented a paper titled “Development of a new
marine silvicultural system in India for short rotation marketablebiomass production and uninterrupted ecosystem services”. He said
that pertinent questions in this regard are: Is harvesting possible
without affecting ecological services? Will it help increase
productivity? Can it be done without increasing the vulnerability of
ecosystems and communities? Younger trees are more resilient toclimate change and less vulnerable to insects and disease, and thepolicy of no harvesting in mangroves would render them old andmore vulnerable to global warming. Appropriate site-specificsilvicultural approaches are needed to keep mangroves in a vigorous
condition while also meeting timber and fuel demands.
39

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Mr Muljadi Tantra, speaking on the topic of “value
development of mangrove forest in Southeast Asia”, said
that mangroves can be sustainably harvested anddeveloped for value-added wood products such as
charcoal and woodchips within the regulatory framework.
Mangroves have shown sustainability under a 30-yearrotation; with good management, a mean annual
increment upward of 9 tonnes per hectare per year can beachieved. With low moisture content of about 35% andhigh specific gravity, the cost of drying per unit weight islow. Mangrove harvesting also has a small environmental
foot-print, with a harvest yield of over 200 tonnes per hectare, a gross calorific value of 4630
kilocalories per kilogram when air-dried, and a net calorific value of 3800 kilocalories per kilogram.
Because most mangrove ecosystems are naturally homogeneous, they can be “selectively”
harvested while maintaining bio-diversity.
Dr Adji Sapta spoke on “the implementation of the
Toyota Forest Program, Mangrove for Life, in North
Java Island”. He said that mangrove planting inWest Java, Central Java, East Java and Bali has been
undertaken under Toyota’s “one car one tree”
programme, and more than 1 million mangrove
trees have already been planted. This successful
rehabilitation project funded by Toyota through its
corporate social responsibility programme has
been ongoing since 2001.

40

Mangroves 2017

Dr Noriaki Sakaguchi, speaking on “JICA’s cooperation
for the conservation and sustainable use of mangroves”,
said that the overall goal of JICA’s Strategic Themes in
Nature Conservation over the period 2015-2020 isharmonization between nature conservation andhuman activities. The three strategic themes address
climatechangethroughsustainable
forestmanagement, the enhancement of livelihoods invulnerable communities through sustainable natural
resource use, and biodiversity conservation through the
management of protected areas and their buffer zones.
The rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems falls
primarily under the first two strategic themes and, to alimited extent, also the third theme. The goal of the JICA project, “Mangrove ecosystemconservation and sustainable use in the ASEAN region”, is to establish a cooperation mechanism toshare good practices and lessons learned in the ASEAN region.
Mr Antonio Villa-Lopera spoke on “the need for a
formal, funded and long-term action plan on
mangroves”. He said that the world needs to act quickly
and more effectively and in a coordinated manner
because mangroves are being lost at a rete of about 150
000 hectares per year, resulting in the loss of 225 000
tonnes of potential carbon sequestration, at the rate of
1.5 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year. Further,
disturbed mangrove soils release an additional 11
million metric tonnes of carbon annually. Mr VillaLopera said that, for the necessary actions to happen,
leadership is needed at the global and regional levels to
inspire greater cooperation and coordination in theexecution of agreed short-term, medium-term andlong-term action plans with the desired objectives.

41

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Key messages and recommendations

Mangrove rehabilitation and conservation should be science-based and not quota- orbudget-driven. Assessments of restoration success should be based on area restored rather
than the number of mangrove propagules or other planting materials planted.



The reversion of abandoned fish and shrimp ponds in mangroves should be prioritized overseafront planting.



Mangroves should be sustainably harvested within a regulatory framework so as not todiminish the ecological services offered by them. To the extent possible, harvested mangrove
wood should be used for making value-added products such as charcoal and woodchips thatbring substantial incomes to local communities.

Long-term monitoring of mangroves and systematic collection, publication and disseminationof data are important prerequisites for effective global action to rehabilitate mangroves in all
suitable coastal areas in the tropics.



It is important to engage local communities, including youth and school children, in the
rehabilitation process. This is best done for youth and children by raising awareness about
the crucial role of mangrove ecosystems in the welfare of human societies and by providing
adequate financial and other incentives.



The private sector should be encouraged to provide funds for mangrove rehabilitation under
their corporate social responsibility programmes.



The conference recommends that, as priorities, research is undertaken on the use of drones
in mapping and monitoring mangrove forests and restoration areas, determining fish
diversity in pristine and disturbed mangrove ecosystems, the valuation of the full range ofmangrove ecosystem services, and mangrove carbon stock assessment. Mangrove
restoration using sediment traps and high-density plantings of mangroves are useful projects
that should be encouraged and supported.
Rapporteurs: Mr Yus Rusila Noor, Indonesia and Dr Maung Maung Than, Myanmar

42

Mangroves 2017

FIELD VISIT
Conference participants took part in a field trip to the Mangrove Information Center in the Ngurah Rai
Grand Forest Park, Bali, on the afternoon of 20 April. The centre was established with financial support
from JICA in 2003 for the study and preservation of the region’s mangrove forests. Participants thenvisited a nearby mangrove forest that was rehabilitated on the site of abandoned shrimp ponds in
1992−1996 as part of a JICA project titled “Establishing appropriate silvicultural techniques andsustainable models for mangrove ecosystem management in Indonesia”. The project received
technical guidance from ISME’s Professor Shigeyuki Baba.

Rapporteurs: Mr Yus Rusila Noor, Indonesia

43International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

44

Mangroves 2017

PANEL DISCUSSION
Eight panellists-Agus Justianto, Daniel Murdiyarso, Sanjana Lal, R.M.D Alwathugoda, Cecile Ndjebet,
Patricia Moreno-Casasola, Richard Mackenzie and Mulzadi Tantra-participated in a panel discussion
titled “The way forward: managing a vital resource for achieving the SDGs and the Paris Agreement”.
The discussion, moderated by Dr Hwan Ok Ma, was framed by the following four guiding questions:
1) How can mangroves contribute to the achievement of the SDGs and the Paris Agreement?
2) What makes a successful mangrove strategy at the local, national and international levels?
3) How can the strategy be put into action and what should be the priority?

45

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Dr Agus Justianto, Senior Advisor to the Indonesian Ministry for
the Environment and Forests said that although mangroves cover
3.5 million hectares in Indonesia, less than half the estate was ingood condition. Mangroves could contribute to the achievementof several of the SDGs, including by way of food security. In
relation to the Paris Agreement, mangroves sometimes present asituation of conflict between use and carbon storage, and a way
has to be found so that the harvesting of this important local
resource does not reduce its mitigation potential. The impact ofclimate change on mangroves is also a serious concern, whichneeds collaborative research by leading global institutions.
Dr Sanjana Lal, from Fiji, said that the Pacific islands were mostvulnerable to climate change, but little action by the global
community to mitigate the situation was visible. She hoped that, as
Chair of the 23rd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change, her country would be
able to bring the outcomes of this conference to the notice of the
global community so that the world could move forward on thematter at the highest political level. Fiji has only about 55000
hectares of mangroves, but these are very important for reducing thevulnerability of its coastline, along which most people live.
Dr Muljadi Tantra spoke of SDG 6, which relates to clean water. He
said that mangroves help protect fresh waters resources fromsalinization in coastal regions. Mangroves could also contribute to
the achievement of SDG 7 relating to clean energy because just 1
kilogram of mangrove biomass could provide enough energy tolight 50 bulbs for 1 hour.

Dr Daniel Murdiyarso reflected on SDGs 13 (climate action), 14(life below water) and 15 (life on land). Wetlands are stillreported under Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry, but
this is set to change with the new guidelines of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Paris
Agreement places high importance on adaptation, particularly
for developing countries. Loss and damage is a binding clause,
and it would be useful for developing countries to uses it inrelation to the mangroves. Access to global public financeremains a major concern. The Special Climate Change Fund is meant for least-developed countries,
which could use this fund for mangrove restoration. Carbon markets are important for providing
stability to carbon prices, and developing countries should not ignore them. Promoting sustainability
has several dimensions, of which the financial dimension is no less crucial.

46

Mangroves 2017

Dr. Cecile Bibiane Ndjebat spoke on the importance of engaging local
communities and women for achieving sustainability. Their financial,managerial and technical capacities need to be built up and tenures haveto be secured. The thrust for sustainability comes from inside and it grows
best when this internal urge gets outside support. Mangroves cannot
sustain without support of women and other marginalized groups.
Mangroves will be safe if they continue to be utilized for energy sustainably
because then the support of women for their survival would be assured.

Dr. Patricia Moreno-Casasola from Mexico emphasized the criticality of
coordination between actors. Decision makers living in cities should knowwhat mangroves mean for the lives of poor people living along the coasts.
Local communities need to know what would happen without mangroves
and it would be useful to celebrate a World Mangrove Day every year forthis purpose.

Ms. R M D Alwathugoda stated that in Srilanka the rehabilitation ofmangroves is a part of the ongoing task of rehabilitation of degraded areas.
There is an urgent need is to protect the mangroves through a judicious
balance in allocation of coastal land resources for conservation anddevelopment. There was a need to formulate a national mangrove policy
and mangrove management plans.

Dr. Richard Mackenzie of US Forest Service said the first priority area istrying to develop science based restoration activities since restoration often
fails because it is not based on science. Inclusion of women, andcommunities as a whole, at all levels to get their fullest support forrehabilitation efforts is an important prerequisite for success. Financing ismore than just making money available, monitoring should be a very
important component of it because often it the only thing that separates
success from failure.

47

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Key Messages of Panel Discussion
Notwithstanding big targets for restoration of mangroves by 2020 in several developing countries underclimate change related commitments very little has actually been achieved so farMangroves restoration is an important aspect of financing policies of most global funding mechanisms
like the GCF, GEF and the SCCF and yet little money has yet been disbursed in most mangrove territories



Inclusion of women, and of the communities as a whole, at all stages of planning and implementationis critical to the success of restoration



Tenure concerns of the community should be addressed with empathy failing which strong opposition
to restoration efforts is likely to build up among the local communities

The ecological health of mangrove habitats is of high importance in their functioning as breeding
grounds for marine life and thereby enhancing marine catch of fishing communities and ensuring foodsecurity

Mangrove ecosystems act to reduce the ingress of ocean salinity into coastal freshwaters and thereby
serve to increase access to good quality water to the coastal communities



Mangrove conservation should not result in ban on harvesting of this important local resource forhousehold energy. Sustainable production of mangrove biomass for local usage should be made part ofthe conservation strategy

Mangroves are one of the most important sinks for carbon and attempts should, therefore, be made tolink them with the evolving international and domestic carbon markets to encourage private investment
and bring additional benefits to the local communities



Mangroves reduce vulnerability of the coastal lands and communities to tropical storms and are,therefore, an important climate change adaptation tool making them an attractive target for international
financing for adaptation to climate change. This fact should be kept in consideration during restoration
planning

Restoration should be science based for ensuring its success. This would require adequate human andfinancial investment in ecological and silvicultural research on mangroves.

Capacity building of the concerned institutional personnel and of the local communities is of highimportance for the success of mangrove restoration efforts

48

Mangroves 2017



Monitoring is a key requirement for ensuring success of the restoration processes and restoration
financing should invariably be linked to robust monitoring that appropriately involves local communities,
too

Multiple uses of mangrove ecosystems means a range of stakeholders in their management and coordination of their activities is of high importance in sustainable management of this resource. A common
body is required to ensure the engagement of these actors in a well-coordinated manner.



Mangrove conservation and restoration needs a sound and sustained awareness campaign to ensure
widest public support. For this campaign to be effective right messages need to be delivered on theright media for the right target
Rapporteurs: Mr. Yus Rusila Noor, Indonesia and Dr. Promode Kant, India

49

Mangroves 201750

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

51

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

BALI CALL TO ACTION
The Conference adopted the Bali Call to Action for Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems at the conclusion of
the conference:52

Mangroves 201753

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

POSTERSThe titles, authors and affiliations of the 16-posters displayed at the conference are listed below.

54Mangroves 2017

Titles of posters and authors with affiliations


A challenge to support mangrove rehabilitation by drone, Shin Watanabe1, Shoichiro
Uchiyama2, Joseph Tangah3, Toyohiko Miyagi4 and Shigeyuki Baba5 1Iriomote Station,
University of the Ryukyus, Taketomi, Okinawa, Japan; 2 National Research Institute for Earth
Science and Disaster Resilience, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; 3Sabah Forestry Department,
Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia; 4Tohkoku Gakuin University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; 5International
Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan

A criteria and indicators approach to sustainable mangrove management: Towards aparticipatory governance framework, T. Cadman and T. Maraseni Institute for Ethics,
Governance and Law, Griffith University; Institute for Agriculture and Environment, Universityof Southern Queensland, Australia

Assessment of ecosystem carbon stocks and land cover changes of Kubu Raya mangrove
forests in West Kalimantan, Indonesia Haruni Krisnawati, Wahyu C. Adinugroho, Rinaldi
Imanuddin and Daniel Murdiyarso Forest Research and Development Center, Research,
Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Bogor, Indonesia

Community participation: an option for the conservation and restoration of the mangrove
forest in Guatemala, M.M. Velásquez Villatoro University of San Carlos de Guatemala,
University Center of Nor-Occidente, Aldea Chivacabé, GuatemalaCommunity-based restoration and sustainable management of mangroves in Fiji: Past andpresent, Sanjana Devi Lal Ministry of Fisheries and Forests, Suva Fiji

Ecological and economic evaluation of mangrove forest resources: case study in the Ngurah
Rai Forest Park, Bali, Hamiudin Hamiudin1 and Rachmad Firdaus2 1 Division of Forestry,
Forestry Service of Bali Province Government, Indonesia; 2 Division of Forestry Governance,
Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs, Indonesia

Mangrove plantations for manifold benefits: a case study in Gujarat, India, Bharatkumar
Jethva, Technical Advisor, ISME Mangrove Plantation Project, Gujarat, India

Mangrove reforestation through scaling up community forestry in the Ayeyarwady Delta of
Myanmar, Maung Maung Than Country Program Coordinator, RECOFTC, Myanmar

Mangrove restoration in fish pond areas of Sembilang National Park, South Sumatra,Indonesia, Tengku Zia Ulqodry1, Rujito Agus Suwignyo2, Mudi Yuliani3, Sarno1 and Heron

Mapping mangrove forest cover using Landsat 8 imagery and Google Earth engine algorithm
for entire Cambodia, T. Tieng1, S. Sharma2,3 and R.A. MacKenzie3 1 Asian Institute ofTechnology, Thailand; 2 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; 3 USDA Forest Service,
Institute of Pacific Island Forestry, Hilo, Hawaii, USA

Molecular identification of Sonneratia ovata and S. x hainanensis in the northeast of Sabah,
Malaysia, Mami Kainuma1,2,3, Isabel Colin2, Shigeyuki Baba1, Chan Hung Tuck1, Joseph
Tangah4, Michael Cohen2, Richard Whitkus2 and Ong Jin-Eong1 1 International Society for
Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan; 2 Sonoma State University, California, USA; 3 Okinawa

55

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan; 4 Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan,
Sabah, Malaysia
Prioritisation of mangrove tree species for conservation in Indonesia, Kusumadewi S. Yulita1,
Arief Hamidy2 and Tukirin Partomihardjo1 1 Research Centre for Biology, Indonesian
Institute of Sciences; 2 Fauna and Flora International Indonesia Programme

Reflection of stable isotopes with inundation pattern at the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve,
Waseem Razzaq Khan1, M. Nazre1, Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli2, Umer Rashid3, Kamziah Abd
Kudus1 and Martin Zimmer4 1 Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry,
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor; 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of
Science, UPM, Serdang, Selangor; 3 Institute of Advance Technology, UPM, Serdang, Selangor;
4
Leibniz-Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstrasse, Bremen, GermanyRestoration activities for sustainable mangrove management and utilization in Indonesia,
Naoto Akune YL Forest Co. Ltd., Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

Spatial dynamic modelling as the basis for determining strategy in sustainable mangrove
rehabilitation in Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia, Sodikin1, Satun R.P. Sitorus1, Lilik Budi
Prasetyo1 and Cecep Kusmana1, Surbakti2, Munandar3, Tatang4, Syahimin4 and Hideki
Miyakawa5, 1Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Bogor, Indonesia; 2Faculty ofMathematics and Natural Science, Sriwijaya University, Inderalaya, South Sumatra; 3Faculty ofAgriculture, Sriwijaya University, Inderalaya, South Sumatra; 4Office of Sembilang National
Park, Palembang, South Sumatra; 5Project on Capacity Building for Restoration of Ecosystem
in Conservation Areas, JICA, JakartaThe mangroves of Congo Brazzaville, Victor Mamonekene Ministère de l’Economie Forestière,
du Développement Durable et de l’Environnement Brazzaville, the CONGO

56

Mangroves 2017

AppendixConference programme
Tuesday, 18 April 2017
08:00
09:00

Registration of participants
Opening Session (Agung Room, 1st Floor)
 Welcome address by H.E. I Made Mangku Pastika, Governor of Bali Province (Represented
by I Ketut Sudikerta, Vice Governor of Bali Province) Welcome remarks by Professor Sanit Aksornkoae, President of ISME and Senator of
Thailand Welcome remarks by Dr Steven Johnson, Officer-in-charge, ITTO
 Welcome remarks by Dr Manoel Sobral Filho, Director of UN Forum on Forests (UNFF) Inaugural speech by H.E. Dr Siti Nurbaya, Minister of Environment and Forestry ofIndonesia (Represented by Dr Hilman Nugroho, DG of Watershed and Forest Protection,
MoEF Indonesia)
 Photo session
 Cultural performance[Moderator] Ms Inge Yangesa, MoEF, Indonesia[Rapporteur] Dr Hiras Sidabutar, Indonesia

10:20
10:50
11:00

Tea/Coffee Break (Introduction of exhibition booths)
Presentation of the Program; Announcements, Dr Hwan-ok Ma, ITTO
Keynote Presentations
 Professor Sanit Aksornkoae, President of ISME and Senator of Thailand
 Dr Chandra Giri, Chief of Sensing and Spatial Analysis Branch, Office of R&D. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, USA: Mangrove Mapping and Monitoring using Earth
Observation Satellite Data
 Professor Daniel Murdiyarso, Principal Scientist, Center for International Forestry Research(CIFOR), Indonesia: Mainstreaming blue carbon into global and national policy processes
and implementations
 Dr Antung Deddy, Director of Essential Ecosystem Management, DG of Natural Resources
and Ecosystem Conservation, MoEF, Indonesia[Moderator] Mr Rahman Dako, JAPESDA Gorantalo / Mangrove Working Group Gorontalo,
Sulawesi, Indonesia[Rapporteur] Dr Dixon T. Gevaña, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines
12.30

Lunch Break57

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

14:00

Session 1: Promoting the sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems
Overview of the management of mangrove forests and ecosystems in selected countries/region:
 Indonesia - Mr Agung Kuswandono, Deputy Minister, Coordinating Ministry of Maritime,
Indonesia
 Malaysia - Mr Roslan bin Rani, Principal Assistant Director, Forestry Department,
Peninsular Malaysia: A century of management and new challenges in the management of
the Matang Mangroves, Malaysia
 Myanmar - Dr Toe Toe Aung, Assistant Director, Mangrove Conservation Unit, Forest
Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation: Myanmar’s
Efforts on Conservation and Management of Mangrove Ecosystems

15:20
15:40

Tea/Coffee BreakSession 1 (cont’d) Latin America and the Caribbean – Dr Luiz Drude de Lacerda, Marine Sciences of
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil: Neotropical mangroves: conservation andsustainable use in a scenario of global climate changes
 Mexico – Mr Jacinto Samuel García Carreón, Manager of Environmental Compensation forLand Change Use, National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR): Restoration and sustainable
management of mangroves in Mexico
 Mozambique – Ms Fatima Kanji Bonete, Natural Resources & Community Management
Department, Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development
 Madagascar – Ms RAKOTOARIDERA Rantonirina, Director of Protected Area Systems, theMinistry of Environment, Ecology and Forestry: Towards Sustainable Management ofMangroves in Madagascar[Moderator] Dr Tachrir Fathoni, Indonesia[Rapporteur] Dr Aulia Aruan, Indonesia and Dr Antonio Villa-Lopera, Colombia

17:2017:50

Poster presentations (one minute presentation by each poster presenter)[Facilitators]
Dr Hwan-ok Ma & Dr Tetra Yanuariadi, ITTO

19:4521:00

Welcome dinner hosted by the MoEF of Indonesia

58Mangroves 2017

Wednesday, 19 April 2017
09:00

Parallel Session
Session 2: Addressing Climate-Change
Adaptation and Mitigation(Bali Hai meeting room, 10th Fl)[Keynote speaker]
Dr Nur Masripatin, DG Climate Change,
MoEF, Indonesia: Addressing Climate Change
Mitigation and Adaptation in Indonesia andRole of Mangrove Ecosystems[Speakers]
 Professor Dedi Hadrianto,
Mulawarman University, Indonesia:
Toward Future Management ofMangroves in Mahakan Delta FMU,
East Kalimantan, Indonesia
 Dr Ong Jin Eong, Honorary Chief
Technical Advisor to ISME & Mangrove
Specialist Group of the IUCN Species
Survival Commission: Measuring
Mangrove Blue Carbon Fluxes
 Dr Tomomi Inoue, Senior Researcher,
Center for Environmental Biology andEcosystem Studies, National Institutefor Environmental Studies (NIES),
Japan: Carbon storage of mangrove
ecosystems: global maps of reported
data and estimated models
 Dr Kangkuso Analuddin, Departmentof Biology, Halu Oleo University,
Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia:
Mangrove forests and conservation
their services in the Coral Triangle Ecoregion, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
 Mr Barakalla, Blue Carbon
Coordinator, Conservation
International (CI)- Indonesia: CI’ S Blue
Carbon Approach in Kaimana, West
Papua, Indonesia[Moderator]
 Professor Daniel Murdiyarso, Principal
Scientist, CIFOR, Indonesia[Rapporteurs]
 Ms Yani Septiani, Indonesia

59

Session 3: Enhancing the Sustainable Livelihoodsof Mangrove-Dependent Communities(Barisroom, 1st Fl)[Keynote speaker]
Ms Cécile Bibiane Ndjebet, African Women's
Network for Community Management of Forests(REFACOF), Cameroon: Women’s response
activities in the restoration and management ofmangroves in Cameroon[Speakers]
 Dr Hadi Daryanto, DG Social Forestry andEnvironment Mgmt, MoEF, Indonesia:
Social Forestry in Indonesia
 Dr Mohammad Basyuni, Department ofForestry, University of Sumatera Utara,
Indonesia: Community-based ecotourism
in North Sumatra, Indonesia
 Professor Kithsiri Ranawana, University of
Peradeniya-Kandy, Sri Lanka: Community
development in the Mangrove
conservation programme of Small Fishers
Federation, Sri Lanka
 Dr Pham Duc Chien, Deputy Director
Research Institute for Forest Ecology andEnvironment, Vietnamese Academy ofForest Sciences, Vietnam: Sustainable
Development of Mangrove Forest
Ecosystems in Thai Binh, Viet Nam
 Dr Kenichi Shono, Forest Resources
Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia andthe Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand: Income for
Coastal Communities for Mangrove
Protection[Moderator]
 Dr Victor AGYEMAN, PDG and Chief
Research Scientist, Council for Scientificand Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana[Rapporteurs]
 Ms Retno Surastri, Indonesia

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

 Mr Ben Brown, Charles Darwin
University, Australia
12:00
13:30

 Dr Leni D. Camacho, University of thePhilippines Los Baños, Philippines

Lunch BreakSession 4: Restoration of Degraded
Mangrove Ecosystems(Bali Hai meeting room, 10th Fl)[Keynote speaker]
Dr Richard A. MacKenzie Acting Watershed
National Program Leader, US Forest Service;
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USA:
Mitigation of climate change through more
effective rehabilitation of degraded anddeforested mangroves[Speakers]
 Dr Muhammad Firman, DG Watershed,
Forest and Environment, MoEF:
Mangrove Ecosystem Management
Policy in Indonesia
 Mr Nyoman Suryadiputra, Director of
Wetlands International, Indonesia:
Restoring degraded coastal mangrove
areas in Banten Bay Indonesia using
sediment trap
 Mr Joseph Tangah, Sabah Forestry
Department, Malaysia: The SFD and
ISME Collaboration on Rehabilitation of
Degraded Mangroves in Sabah: A
Success Story towards Sustainable
Forest Management
 Mr LOKOSSOU Achille Orphée,Management of Forests and Natural
Resources, Ministry of Environment,
Benin: Restoration and sustainable
management of mangroves in Benin Ms Benjamas Chotthong, Thailand
Environment Institute, Thailand: Secure
Costal Ecosystems, Secure Communities
in Tsunami-Affected Areas[Moderator]
 Dr Luiz Drude de Lacerda, Brazil

Session 5: Strengthening Good Governance,
Monitoring and Law Enforcement(Baris room, 1st Fl)[Keynote speaker]
Mr Rasio Ridho Sani, DG Law Enforcement,
MoEF, Indonesia[Speakers]
 Dr Dan Friess, Department of Geography,
National University of Singapore: Rates andcauses of mangrove deforestation inSoutheast Asia from 2000 to 2012
 Dr MONIKA RUWAIMANA, Universitas Atma
Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Comparison ofSatellite and Drone Imagery for Mangrove
Mapping
 Mr Ruhuddien Pandu Yudha, PT. BINTUNIUTAMA MURNI WOOD INDUSTRIES,
Indonesia: FSC Certified Sustainable
Mangrove Forest Management - Best
Practices Dr Dixon T. Gevaña, University of thePhilippines Los Baños, Philippines:
Community-Based Mangrove Managementin the Philippines: Experience and Challengesof Forest Governance in the Context of CC Dr Victor AGYEMAN, DGl and Chief Research
Scientist, Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR), Ghana: Untapped Potentials
of Mangrove Ecosystems: Community-based
Mangrove Management as Inspiration for
Effective National Forest Policy
Development[Moderator]
 Dr Hadi Pasaribu, Chairman, Forest for LifeIndonesia (FFLI) Foundation, Indonesia[Rapporteurs] Dr Aulia Aruan, Indonesia
 Dr Samsudin Musa, Forest ResearchInstitute of Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia[Rapporteurs]
 Ms Yani Septiani, Indonesia
 Mr Barney Chan, ITTO TAG, Malaysia

60

Mangroves 2017

Thurday, 20 April 2017
09:00

Parallel Session
Session 6: Payments for Environmental
Services in Mangroves (Bali Hai Meeting
Room, 10th Fl)[Keynote speaker]
Dr. Patricia Moreno-Casasola, Institute of
Ecology, Mexico: Mangroves and freshwater
flooded forests, their value to society[Speakers]
 Mr Ben Brown, Charles Darwin
University, Australia: Building consensus
for climate compatible development(CCD) in the Lorentz Lowlands, theworld’s most productive mangrove andtropical lowland swamp forest landscape Dr Leni D. Camacho, University of thePhilippines Los Baños, Philippines:
Economic Valuation for Sustainable
Mangrove Ecosystems Management in
the Philippines
 Dr Vien Ngoc Nam, Faculty of Forestry,
Nong Lam University, Viet Nam:
Mangrove Payment Forest Ecosystem
Services in Ca Mau Province, Viet Nam
 Mr Daniel Coronel, Alternate
Development Mechanisms (MDA), Lima,
Peru: Strengthening the conservation ofmangroves ecosystem in the Northwest
Biosphere Reserve of Peru Ms Leah Glass – Blue Ventures; Blue
Carbon and Coastal Communities –Lessons learned from theimplementation of mangrove carbon
projects in Madagascar[Moderator]
 Ms Akiko Nakano, Deputy Director,
Biodiversity Policy Division, Ministry ofEnvironment, Japan

12:00[Rapporteurs]
 Ms Retno Suratri, Indonesia
 Dr Dixon T. Gevaña, Philippines
Lunch Break

61

Session 7: Research and Education for
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems
Development(Baris Room, 1st Fl)[Keynote speaker]
Dr Jurgenne Primavera, Chief Mangrove Scientific
Advisor of the Zoological Society of London,
Philippines: Mangrove Rehabilitation in thePhilippines: Science VS. Quotas[Speakers]
 Dr Promode Kant, Foundation Member, Asia
Pacific Forest Policy Think Tank of FAO,
Director, Institute of Green Economy, India:
Development of a new marine silvicultural
system in India for short rotation marketablebiomass production and uninterrupted
ecosystem services
 Mr Muljadi Tantra, Green Forest Productand Tech. Pte Ltd., Singapore: Value
Development of Mangrove Forest in South
East Asia
 Dr Adji Sapta, TOYOTA-Indonesia, CSR:
Toyota Forest Program-Mangrove for Life
 Dr Noriaki Sakaguchi, JICA, Japan: JICA
cooperation on forest conservation including
Mangrove and climate change Dr Antonio Villa-Lopera, Biologist, Colombia:
Long-term action plan on mangroves[Moderator]
 Dr Mami Kainuma, ISME
[Rapporteurs]
 Mr Yus Rusila Noor, Wetlands Indonesia
 Dr Maung Maung Than, Country Program
Coordinator, RECOFTC-Myanmar

International Conference on
Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

13:00

Field Visit to the Mangrove Information Center







Gathering at Lobby of Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel
Presentation of the Mangrove Information Center (MIC)
Visit to MIC Exhibition Hall
Ceremonial planting (20 participants)
Tracking mangrove forest trails of MIC
Trip to Krisna souvenir center

CP : Rangga Agung Prabowo / Rachmad Budiyanto / PPI/ BKSDA/ P3E[Rapporteurs]
 Mr Yus Rusila Noor, Indonesia

62

Mangroves 2017

Friday, 21 April 2017
09:00

Presentation of key outcomes of Sessions 2-7(Bali Hai Meeting Room, 10th Fl)
Feedback and wrap-up of Sessions 1-7[Presenters]• Session 1: Dr Aulia Aruan, Indonesia• Session 2: Mr Ben Brown, Australia• Session 3: Ms Retno Suratri, Indonesia• Session 4: Dr Samsudin Musa, Malaysia• Session 5: Mr Barney Chan, Malaysia• Session 6: Dr Dixon T. Gevaña, Philippines• Session 7: Dr Mami Kainuma, ISME
[Moderator]
 Dr Tetra Yanuariadi, ITTO

10:10

Tea/Coffee Break

10:50

Panel Discussion
The way forward:
Managing a vital resource for achieving the SDGs and the Paris Agreement[Panelists]• Dr Agus Justianto, Senior Adviser to the Minister, MoEF, Indonesia• Professor Daniel Murdiyarso, CIFOR, Indonesia• Ms Sanjana Lal, Ministry of Fisheries and Forests, Fiji
• Ms R.M.D. Alawathugoda, Conservator of Forest research, Sri Lanka• Ms Cécile Ndjebet, African Women's Network for Community Management of Forests(REFACOF), Cameroon• Dr Patricia Moreno-Casasola, Institute of Ecology, Mexico• Dr Richard A. MacKenzie, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USA• Mr Muljadi Tantra, Green Forest Product and Tech. Pte Ltd., Singapore[Moderator]
 Dr Hwan-ok Ma, ITTO
[Rapporteurs]
 Mr Yus Rusila Noor, Indonesia
 Dr Promode Kant, Institute of Green Economy, India

12:00
13:30

Lunch BreakClosing Session
Draft outcomes of the conference and Bali Mangroves[Presenters]
 Dr Antung Deddy, Indonesia
 Mr Yus Rusila Noor, Indonesia
 Dr Chan Hung Tuck, ISME
[Master of Ceremony] Ms Inge Yangesa, MoEF, Indonesia
Closing Remarks

15:30

 Dr Hwan-ok Ma, ITTO;
 Professor Shigeyuki Baba, ISME Dr Agus Justianto, Senior Adviser to the Minister, MoEF, Indonesia
All PowerPoint presentation materials are made available on ITTO website at http://www.itto.int/mangrove2017/presentations/.

63