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16.11.2007

;actt<;nfip the ,ti~~~ struggle.·, .· .•.a:gamst.the Naais..

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' :aut _yesterday;°Colossus:,_,tn.e

code-breaking eempuserthat,.. --·maticfan .. From February 1943,
Flowei:s and a :top-s~cret teani~s-Pe6t':"1J months destgning and:bu;t1:ding Cdlp$~tis{to :l;>_riJ:!g_ t:o life
,Newril:an?,s scieritffic. theones ,andMORE than ~60 years havepassed · sinee · i1r • last saw .

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~:;!f!l11ftl:tf~g~tj!ki·· helped: ,turn the course- 0f-tne · • and occ~p_ymg half-_,~-!!?-C!.~, - stiJI .waS'still onits tnälnm the:Matk II,Second Wörld -War;...: was-back m · takes pndf of :plac~~t _ B~etcfüey · ·-~ _fife tuirts r~fand' with 1foar1y"busmess; · :. · ... · Pai:.t .m Buckin,g_hamshlre, the t:wice äs,many. valves - was beihg,designed J;Q;re1>fac,e it.
, If,q11pre~s;·ofr.~c1ip.\!>iY1e valv~.(11~:,! ~~t~r1~f:;e:R~1J'gl~i ·:soori, B-letchley would -haveß~p~ed , red< Y~~~~ t;i.pe·, SP,~d -~atic;>ti,jil ~µseurti of:Computing.

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rl!st ,P5?,gr!lml,11~9l~- c;li-~tal _c?~- , ·si,x weeks -to ctgic:Jp1:iet$:oy ·wfüch_P}lt_e~1s once a,grup,}Il füll working, · . .i;in:1e_ the info~ätWff,w~s uslially ,:1~st,the„chanc:e;-to .preve- Qolossus · Britam kiiew o_Uhe .existence or; ,. ~e r,-~~}>Ec;>acfcast ~essag~s, ~ -:c9yld- ~r~c;k t_he coqe ahe.a,d of rivaj , I,.orenz, but w~:flö.undering fu.· its . co~piete ,:1gp.or~p:ce ,of. Q0Ipss1,1:;;; _,tßaµ?.$',anned,\tj.th;I~mtpps. ,_ ,.. .
att~mpj;s t!ii crack the codes.
:,wh1ch Qecame- one,19f.t:he, most •.Experts,predi_ot;t-he-mo:dem;comc -~, Que Tommy Flöwers; an electron- closely-guarded secrets of the war,
puters will s•ttuggfä to,,kee.p up. fos;enginee.r w'ith Royal Mail, andEach message iritei:cepted by an
CQ!OSSJJS - aqo.ut the size_pfa ~h!:!cl · 111ax ~ewm.an, a brilliant mathe,
Allied Iistening station was con- .J'c;tT:I6'

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i,fu.ough reels at liglit~mg Spei;t;l _ -, . 'ßplb$.~US~~ spe,eq-ar,.q-1:re:1,ial .. ·apd,)tf!i 1'. t;le!'.?!:l-Hes_cof,~*~c_e, ~Jie .der end on'the liaiii!~fi.ilil1fürttf
macliine1s·Wbimng·and·clattenng· · f~}<·'''tiC''lfliif' -t:l

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- verted ilito paper·tape·punched hundreds ofthousands more lives.
with h,oles_·,:r~jrestnt1ii:~ wri-tt,eii- · ~t~success,~in ~§c.~~1?llil~_seci:~tcharacters. The t,.1,ck~r-J;~p~- wl;I._$ Germ.an tr!m.s.m1ss1!)I]i:/>',~~~ ~uchlooped and ·rect 1nto.: Cöfrfssus. tn_at 1~ ~~1i:~Jed,_13hf1~n;,'!111ht,ary-~here it ~owp.:'be scaitjl~i;rat u,p91ii~fs- ~.o :~oif';~u,y~~lel!$" öä~tle!5,QOO chat~et~r$ ä§etorid ..··strat.egr~!l adjp~theitJ)wnplans,, u it was ,SJI_C:c;r.s.s,fül, ~ pat}E;Fiii . ac9<2fdi_n~~},;, 'r:tJ,,[:(.,p-;;;::;;;,_::-::
c,would even~y_a:!]y em~Jge ~J.vhiclt . ~0.st notafür,, 1t @Jowei:t-th~m tocode.breakei!'S,cQüld turn'irl:tp'text. eqnfirm the;&er,in::m§fü!;l;tl. fallen for
So se<::ret "'-filtii,eJe4i#tq,tggy tifif t~~- A,llte~·~· rrt1_Sin(E>r#fatfon. ,camChurcliill ordered that· the 'Cölös
paign b~forJ!,,th,~I>,~D~y-Jandings ofsusmachiries-be"takeilapart'attiie· ·Jtine 1944., ,,,;;,:- ,•. - ">''
end ofthe-war:. .. .
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In 1_94~ :fü~;· 19{!>, Colössus

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10t,..\°'t,..\t,..\"'"00· thre_e,mess.ages. sent from G.errnany, motlern-day ·coriiputmg~;shotild be_ at1d:'.wo_utd te;siim~ <,>Il:t.IiJ('thifd . seiµ; tre~fäute"4J11ü1 aämlt.ed by,tot;lay. -None,ofthe rtval,tea,ms·,had ev_e,::yone.. . . ,. ·. ··.
, •·claimed,_,any success:_.. 'Colossus,marks-the beginnfug.-öf
Without .Colossus, it is estimated the modern age of coinputipg - athat the war would have dr~g~ed he:t'itage that we are plannirig

:::o<3: READING Splnnlng
1: INTE RCEPTION
German message
intercepted by Allied
listening post andconverted into tapewith punched holes
representing letters

at 30mph, tape passes
beneath optical reader-wartime equivalentof a modern CD drive.

4: ANALYSING Colossus's
brain - the equivalent of,.
a modern hard drive- uses 1 "statistical analysls to searchfor patterns within the data L~.

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