Self-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
Ferdinand Bol(Dordrecht 1616 – 1680 Amsterdam)1648
oil on canvas
85.5 x 71 cm
signed and dated in dark paint, on sheet ofpaper along lower right: “Bol. fecit 1648”
FB-107© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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How to cite
Yeager-Crasselt, Lara. “Self-Portrait, Behind a Parapet” (2017). In The Leiden Collection Catalogue, 2nd ed.
Edited by Arthur K. Wheelock Jr. New York, 2017–20. https://theleidencollection.com/artwork/self-portraitbehind-a-parapet/ (archived May 2020).
A PDF of every version of this entry is available in this Online Catalogue's Archive, and the Archive ismanaged by a permanent URL. New versions are added only when a substantive change to the narrative
occurs.

© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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Seated behind a parapet, his right arm resting with assured elegance on a

Comparative Figuresrichly patterned pillow, Ferdinand Bol commands the gaze of the viewer inthis refined and fanciful self-portrait.[1] Bol portrayed himself in the foregroundof the picture plane in a three-quarter-length pose, wearing a deep red andgold-trimmed velvet cloak, thick gold chains and medallion, and a black berettopped with a long arched feather. He exudes confidence and grace, and a
bit of youthful arrogance. Bol’s signature and the date of 1648 can be readon the paper he holds gingerly near the edge of the parapet.[2] Against the
muted brown background, strong contrasts of light and dark model his
dignified form and reveal the varied textures of the fabric, particularly the
sheen of the gold thread on his red cloak. His face is distinguished by a small
moustache and goatee, while the brown curls of his hair reach his shoulders.
Bol executed this painting at the age of thirty-two, and though he alreadyenjoyed a prosperous career in Amsterdam, the portrait’s heightened

Fig 1. Rembrandt van Rijn, SelfPortrait at the Age of 34, 1640, oilon canvas, 102 x 80 cm, National
Gallery, London, NG672, ©
National Gallery, London / Art
Resource, NY

splendor and historicizing costume belonged to an imagined artistic andgentlemanly persona rather than to a contemporary reality.[3] For thisinventive mode of self-representation, Bol turned to Rembrandt van Rijn
(1606–69) as his source of inspiration. Scholars have long noted how Bolmodeled this image, as well as a number of his other self-portraits andtronies from the mid- to late 1640s, on Rembrandt’s 1640 Self-Portrait at theAge of 34 in the National Gallery, London (fig 1).[4] Following Rembrandt’s
model, Bol has here situated himself behind a balustrade, with his right arm
protruding ever so slightly into the viewer’s space. His varied brushwork
and use of chiaroscuro to create rich tonal contrasts also derive from
Rembrandt’s

prototype.[5]Bol’scostumewassimilarly

imaginative,

combining, as it does, sixteenth-century elements, such as the doublet andberet, and contemporary elements such as the red cloak.[6]Fig 2. Rembrandt van Rijn, SelfPortrait Aged 23, 1629, oil onwood, 89.7 x 73.5 cm, Isabella
Steward Gardner Museum,
Boston, P21n6

Rembrandt’s London Self-Portrait was an assertive statement of his
aspirations and capabilities as an artist.[7] It evoked his status and success,as well as his Italian sources of inspiration: Raphael’s Portrait of Castiglione
and Titian’s Portrait of a Man.[8] Bol would have been well aware of theseassociations, and by basing his self-portrait on Rembrandt’s example, hepositioned himself as a protégé of his master and within the framework of his
great Renaissance predecessors. While it is impossible to consider SelfPortrait,

BehindaParapetwithout

Rembrandt’s

precedent,

thesophistication of this image demonstrated Bol’s keen interest in selfrepresentation and willingness to assert his own artistic identity.[9]Fig 3. Ferdinand Bol, Self-Portrait,
1646, oil on canvas, 102 x 85.5
© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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Bol both departed from and fused together Rembrandt’s models in creatingcm, Dordrechts Museum,
Dordrecht

this self-portrait. Large gold chains—a mark of the nobility of the painter’s
profession—lie imposingly across his chest.[10] Considering that Bol wasnever granted a gold chain, the inclusion of them here demonstrates his selfassurance about his abilities as a painter.[11] In this regard, Bol’s personality
may have been similar to Rembrandt’s youthful sense of self as evident in
his 1629 Self-Portrait Aged 23 at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (fig2).[12] This painting, created when Rembrandt was still in Leiden, shows the
young artist similarly wearing a gold chain, although, like Bol, he was nevergiven one by a wealthy or noble patron.
Bol was deeply invested in self-portraiture in the second half of the1640s.[13] In his earliest dated Self-Portrait from 1646, he depicted himself
wearing a black beret, a gold-trimmed red cloak, and a thin gold chain
around his neck (fig 3).[14] He also extended his right gloved hand toward theviewer in a rhetorical gesture that activates the pictorial space. Bol further
modified this portrait type in his Self-Portrait in Springfield, dated one year
later. In this work, he portrayed himself behind a balustrade within a stonearchway while pushing aside a gold-colored curtain.[15] Bol appears
noticeably older in the Dordrecht and Springfield works, and his facial
features have changed, including a wider nose and chin and thicker
moustache and goatee. These differences in physiognomy have led scholars
to question the identity of the sitter in this group of self-portraits, yet they allseem to represent the artist.[16] The Leiden Collection Self-Portrait stands out
in this group in its blending of portraiture and fantasy, while sumptuously
displaying Bol’s pictorial acumen.[17] For all these reasons, this striking SelfPortrait is a fitting capstone to The Leiden Collection’s outstanding group ofworks by Ferdinand Bol, the largest assemblage of his paintings outside of
the Hermitage.

- Laura Yeager-Crasselt, 2017

© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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Endnotes

1. See Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982), 67,
119, no. 63. There is a known copy of FB-107, executed on panel and oval in shape—one of
the few works on panel done by Bol—though its present whereabouts are unknown. It has thesame composition as FB-107 with nearly identical measurements, except for slight cropping
on its sides. Blankert, following the opinion of Mellaart, believed the work to be good copy byeither Bol or a follower. See J. H. J. Mellaart, “Self-Portraits by Bol,” Burlington Magazine 43,
no. 247 (1923): 154; Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil(Doornspijk, 1982), 119, no. 63a. Recent technical investigation has shown that there were
triangular shapes in the upper corners of FB-107 previously painted black. These areas were
subsequently toned to match the background color during restoration. These changes
suggest that FB-107 may originally have been taller, and possibly painted with a shallow
arched upper edge in a way similar to Bol’s self-portraits in Springfield and London. See
Ferdinand Bol, Self-Portrait, ca. 1647, oil on canvas, 97.4 x 77.8 cm, Springfield Museum ofFine Arts, Massachusetts (see discussion below); Ferdinand Bol, Self-Portrait with Palette,
ca. 1653, oil on canvas, 105 x 82.5 cm (rounded at top), private collection, London.
2. The date has been previously read as 1643 or 1647.
3. For Bol’s early career in Amsterdam, see the artist’s biography in this catalogue, and Albert
Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982), 29–39, 56–59.
4. Bol made a drawn copy of Rembrandt’s Self-Portrait when he was an assistant in themaster’s studio (red and black chalk, gray wash, 17.8 x 12.8 cm, Rosenwald Collection,
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.). The drawing carefully reproduces Rembrandt’s
image, even its rounded composition. Bol produced at least six similar images in this period.
For Bol’s series of self-portraits and tronies, which are discussed further below, see Albert
Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982), nos. 60–65.
While FB-107 relates directly to Rembrandt’s 1640 painting, it also broadly reflects Bol’s
familiarity with the master’s Self-Portrait, Leaning on a Stone Wall, 1639, etching anddrypoint, 20.5 x 16.4 cm. Both painting and etching provided the portrait type that Bol and anumber of Rembrandt pupils followed in the 1640s. See, for example, GF-103, and Govert
Flinck, Self-Portrait Aged 24, 1639, oil on panel, 65.8 x 54.4 cm, National Gallery, London.
5. Notably, Bol did not follow Rembrandt’s arched composition in FB-107.
6. Despite the contemporary element of his dress, Bol’s costume in FB-107 would have been
described as antyk, indicating its historicizing character. For example, Bol wears a jerkin,
identifiable by its horizontal neckline, over a white doublet, which went out of style by the midsixteenth century. The elegant black beret, or bonnet, was also characteristic of sixteenthcentury fashion. For this style, Rembrandt was influenced by sixteenth-century prints,© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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including Lucas van Leyden’s Portrait of a Young Man with a Skull, ca. 1519, engraving, 18.4
x 14.4 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, and Hieronymous Cock’s portrait of Lucasvan Leyden, 1572, engraving, Rijksprentenkabinet, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Bol, who may
have been familiar with these prints as well, could have also looked to a number ofRembrandt’s historicizing self-portrait prints, such as Self-Portrait with Saskia, 1636, etching,
10.4 x 9.5 cm, Rijksprentenkabinet, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, or Self-Portrait in SixteenthCentury Apparel, 1638, etching, 13.4 x 10.3 cm, Rijksprentenkabinet, Rijksmuseum,
Amsterdam. For a discussion of costume in Rembrandt’s self-portraits, and its interpretations
and comparisons to Bol’s dress, see Ariane van Suchtelen, “Pupils of Rembrandt,”
in Rembrandt by Himself, ed. Christopher White and Quentin Buvelot (Exh. cat. The Hague,
Mauritshuis; London, National Gallery) (Zwolle, 1999), 234–35; Marieke de Winkel, “Costumein Rembrandt’s Self Portraits,” in Rembrandt by Himself, ed. Christopher White and Quentin
Buvelot (Exh. cat. The Hague, Mauritshuis; London, National Gallery) (Zwolle, 1999), 67–74;
Marieke de Winkel, Fashion and Fancy: Dress and Meaning in Rembrandt’s Paintings(Amsterdam, 2006), 163–89.
7. See H. Perry Chapman, Rembrandt’s Self-Portraits: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Identity(Princeton, 1990), 69, 71–72, 74–76, 81, 87–88, 91, 120, 130–31; Christopher White andQuentin Buvelot, eds., Rembrandt by Himself (Exh. cat. The Hague, Mauritshuis; London,
National Gallery) (Zwolle, 1999), no. 54.
8. Raphael, Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione, before 1516, oil on canvas, 82 x 67 cm, Muséedu Louvre, Paris; Titian, Portrait of a Man, ca. 1512, oil on canvas, 81.2 x 66.3 cm, National
Gallery, London. For Rembrandt’s engagement with these paintings, see Eddy de Jongh,“The Spur of Wit: Rembrandt’s Response to an Italian Challenge,” Delta 12 (1969): 49–67; H.
Perry Chapman, Rembrandt’s Self-Portraits: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Identity(Princeton, 1990), 69–78.
9. The derivative nature of Bol’s self-portraits is emphasized repeatedly in the scholarship. See,for example, Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk,
1982), 57–58; H. Perry Chapman, Rembrandt’s Self-Portraits: A Study in SeventeenthCentury Identity (Princeton, 1990), 80–81.
10. Bol’s gold chains, which form part of his historicizing costume, project a sense of nobility.
Although they were probably intended to emphasize the fanciful nature of this portrait, theydo, nonetheless, suggest an association with images of courtly artists, such as Titian andAnthony van Dyck, who portrayed themselves wearing the gold chains that had been given tothem by their respective sovereigns. See Titian, Self-Portrait, ca. 1562, oil on canvas, 86 x 65
cm, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, and Anthony van Dyck, Self-Portrait with Sunflower,ca. 1635–36, oil on canvas, 60.3 x 73 cm, private collection.
11. Rembrandt portrayed himself wearing a gold chain on numerous occasions; see, for example,
fig. 2; Self-Portrait with Beret and Gold Chain, ca. 1630–31, oil on panel, 69.7 x 57 cm,© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool; Self-Portrait, 1633, oil on panel, 61 x 48.1 cm (oval), Musée du
Louvre, Paris. See Christopher White and Quentin Buvelot, eds., Rembrandt by Himself (Exh.
cat. The Hague, Mauritshuis; London, National Gallery) (Zwolle, 1999), nos. 10, 26, 35. In
another departure from Rembrandt, who depicted his signature on the wooden balustrade in
the London painting, Bol cleverly portrayed his signature on the paper between his hands.
12. For this portrait, see, for example, Arthur K. Wheelock Jr., “Rembrandt Inventing Himself,”in Rembrandt Creates Rembrandt: Art and Ambition in Leiden, 1629–1631, ed. Alan Chong(Exh. cat. Boston, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum) (Boston, 2000), 13–24.
13. Aside from the paintings in Dordrecht and Springfield discussed below, Bol executed two selfportraits

thatclosely

followed

Rembrandt’s

1639

etching

inreverse.

FerdinandBol, Self-Portrait, 1647, oil on canvas, 101 x 88 cm, Toledo Museum of Art; Ferdinand Bol,
Self-Portrait, 1647, oil on canvas, 93 x 83.5 cm, present whereabouts unknown. A work
presently in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid (Ferdinand Bol, Self-Portrait, ca.
1647, oil on canvas, 88.6 x 77 cm) has been called a self-portrait or portrait of a young man.
See Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982),
118–22; nos. 61–62, 65; Werner Sumowksi, Gemälde der Rembrandt-Schüler, 6 vols.
(Landau and Pfalz, 1983–94), 1:305, no. 136.
14. Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982), 58, 64,
66, 118, no. 60; Werner Sumowksi, Gemälde der Rembrandt-Schüler, 6 vols. (Landau andPfalz, 1983–94), 1:305, no. 135; Albert Blankert, ed., Rembrandt: A Genius and His Impact(Exh. cat. Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria; Canberra, National Gallery of Australia)(Zwolle, 1997–98), 248–49, no. 45; Ariane van Suchtelen, “Pupils of Rembrandt,” inRembrandt by Himself, ed. Christopher White and Quentin Buvelot (Exh. cat. The Hague,
Mauritshuis; London, National Gallery) (Zwolle, 1999), 234–36, no. 87.
15. Ferdinand Bol, Self-Portrait, ca. 1647, oil on canvas, 97.4 x 77.8 cm, Springfield Museum ofFine Arts, Massachusetts. Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil(Doornspijk, 1982), 119–20, no. 64; Werner Sumowksi, Gemälde der Rembrandt-Schüler, 6
vols. (Landau and Pfalz, 1983–94), 1:306, no. 138; Albert Blankert, ed., Rembrandt: A Genius
and His Impact (Exh. cat. Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria; Canberra, National Galleryof Australia) (Zwolle, 1997–98), 250–51, no. 46; Alice I. Davies, 16th– and 17th-Century Dutch
and Flemish Paintings in the Springfield Museum of Fine Arts (Springfield, 1993), 26–29, no.
2. Several copies exist of this work; see Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680):
Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982), 120, nos. 64a, 64b, 64c.
16. The number of self-portraits that Bol produced in the 1640s has long been a subject of debate
in the scholarship, sparked by the question of the identity of the sitters. Abraham Bredius andCornelis Hofstede de Groot first debated the issue at the beginning of the twentieth century,
joined soon thereafter by J. H. J. Mellaart. Given the close associations that exist between
many of Bol’s portraits and tronies—character studies of anonymous individuals often© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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portrayed in fanciful costume like the artist in FB-107—scholars have questioned whether
Bol’s images actually represent him. Dagmar Hirschfelder addresses the close relationshipand, consequently, the distinctions between tronie and portrait in her comprehensive study,
Tronie und Porträt in der niederländischen Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts (Berlin, 2008). For
her discussion of Bol’s tronies specifically, see 136–37, 277–82. For the issue of Bol’s selfportraits, as well as further literature, see Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680):
Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982), 57–59; Albert Blankert, ed., Rembrandt: A Genius and
His Impact (Exh. cat. Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria; Canberra, National Gallery ofAustralia) (Zwolle, 1997–98), 248–50, nos. 45–46.
17. For Bol’s late self-portraits from the 1650s and 1660s, see Self-Portrait with Palette, 1653, oilon canvas, 105 x 82.5 cm (rounded at top), private collection, London; Self-Portrait, ca. 1669,
oil on canvas, 128 x 104 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Albert Blankert, Ferdinand Bol(1616–1680): Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982), nos. 66 and 103.

Provenance[Sulley & Co., London; Knoedler & Co., New York, by July 1921; Howard Young Galleries,
New York, by November 1923; John Levy Galleries, New York; Knoedler & Co., New York, byMarch, 1949].
William Bass, by April 1949; [Knoedler & Co., by June 1950].
Mr. and Mrs. Lauritz Melchior, Los Angeles, by June 1950.
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Lauritz Melchior to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1955; (sale,
Sotheby’s, New York, 28 January 2010, no. 162 [Jack Kilgore & Co., Inc., New York]).
From whom acquired by the present owner in 2010.

Exhibition History
San Antonio, Witte Memorial Museum, “Loan Exhibition of Paintings of the Sixteenth to the
Nineteenth Century from M. Knoedler & Co.,” 26 October–7 November 1949, no. 2 [lent byKnoedler & Co.].
Dallas, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, “Four Centuries of European Painting: An Exhibition of
Sixty British and European Paintings from the Fifteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries,” 6–31
October 1951, no. 28 [lent by Mr. and Mrs. Lauritz Melchior].
Raleigh, North Carolina Museum of Art, “Rembrandt and His Pupils,” 16 November–30© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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December 1956, no. 2 [lent by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art].
La Jolla, La Jolla Museum of Art, “Dutch and Flemish Paintings of the Northern
Renaissance,” 13 June–20 September 1964, no. 2 [lent by the Los Angeles County Museumof Art].
Brooklyn, Brooklyn Museum, on loan with the permanent collection, March 2013–March 2016
[lent by the present owner].
Moscow, The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, “The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer:
Masterpieces of The Leiden Collection,” 28 March 2018–22 July 2018 [lent by the present
owner].
St. Petersburg, The State Hermitage Museum, “The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer:
Masterpieces of The Leiden Collection,” 5 September 2018–13 January 2019 [lent by thepresent owner].
Abu Dhabi, Louvre Abu Dhabi, “Rembrandt, Vermeer and the Dutch Golden Age.
Masterpieces from The Leiden Collection and the Musée du Louvre,” 14 February–18 May
2019 [lent by the present owner].

References
Mellaart, J. H. J. “Self-Portraits by Bol.” Burlington Magazine 43 (October 1923): 153–54, pl.
IIC.
Isarlov, George. “Rembrandt et son entourage.” La Renaissance (July–September 1936): 34.
Witte Memorial Museum. Loan Exhibition of Paintings of the Sixteenth to the NineteenthCentury from M. Knoedler & Co. Exh. cat. San Antonio, Witte Memorial Museum. San
Antonio, 1949, no. 2.
Dallas Museum of Fine Arts=. Four Centuries of European Painting: An Exhibition of Sixty
British and European Paintings from the Fifteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries. Exh. cat.
Dallas, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts. Dallas, 1951, no. 28.
Dobrzycka, Anna. “Autoportrety Ferdinanda Bola.” Biuletyn Historii Sztuki 18, no. 3 (1956):
421, no. 7.
Valentiner, Wilhelm R. Rembrandt and His Pupils. Exh. cat. Raleigh, North Carolina Museumof Art. Raleigh, 1956, no. 2.
Brown, Richard F. “Recent Gifts of Painting.” Los Angeles County Museum Bulletin of the Art
Division 8, no. 4 (1957): 6, no. 1.
Van Hall, Hermine. Portretten van Nederlandse beeldende kunstenaars. Amsterdam, 1963,30, no. 8.
La Jolla Museum of Art. Dutch and Flemish Paintings of the Northern Renaissance. Exh. cat.
© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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La Jolla, La Jolla Museum of Art. La Jolla, 1964, no. 2.
Richardson, Hilary. “Bol’s ‘David’s Dying Charge to Solomon’ in the National Gallery of
Ireland.” Studies 67, no. 267 (Autumn 1973): 228–29, no. 9.
Blankert, Albert. Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680), Rembrandt’s Pupil. Doornspijk, 1982, 67, 119,no. 63. Originally published as Ferdinand Bol, 1616–1680: een leerling van Rembrandt. The
Hague, 1976.
Sumowski, Werner. Gemälde der Rembrandt-Schüler in vier Bänden. 6 vols. Landau andPfalz, 1983–95, 1: 305, under no. 135; 5: 3082, under no. 2009.
Sutton, Peter C. A Guide to Dutch Art in America. Grand Rapids, 1986, 132, 332.
Schaefer, Scott, et al. European Painting and Sculpture in the Los Angeles County Museumof Art. Los Angeles, 1987, 19.
Chapman, H. Perry. Rembrandt’s Self-Portraits. Princeton, 1990, 81, 157 n. 8, no. 111.
Kok, Erna. “De succesvolle loopbanen van de zeventiende-eeuwse kunstenaars Govert
Flinck en Ferdinand Bol.” De Zeventiende Eeuw 27, no. 2 (2011): 320, no. 9.
Kok, Erna. “Govert Flinck & Ferdinand Bol: zonder vrienden geen carrière.” In Culturele
ondernemers in de Gouden Eeuw. Amsterdam, 2013, 58–59.
Kok, Erna. “Govert Flinck, Ferdinand Bol and Their Networks of Influential Clients.”
In Ferdinand Bol and Govert Flinck – Rembrandt’s Master Pupils. Edited by Norbert
Middelkoop and David DeWitt, 73, fig. no. 93. Exh. cat. Amsterdam, Amsterdam Museum;
Amsterdam, Museum Het Rembrandthuis. Zwolle, 2017.
McCarthy, Alexa. “Self-Portrait, Behind a Parapet.” In The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer:
Masterpieces of The Leiden Collection. Edited by Polina Lyubimova, 72–73; 232, no. 3.
Translated by Daria Babich and Daria Kuzina. Exh. cat. Moscow, The Pushkin State Museumof Fine Arts; St. Petersburg, The State Hermitage Museum. Moscow, 2018.
Blanc, Jan. “Being Modern, Being Dutch: The Seventeenth-Century Invention of the Golden
Age. In Rembrandt, Vermeer and the Dutch Golden Age.” Masterpieces from The Leiden
Collection and the Musée du Louvre. Edited by Blaise Ducos and Lara Yeager-Crasselt, 42.
Exh. cat. Abu Dhabi, Louvre Abu Dhabi. London, 2019. [Exhibition catalogue also publishedin French and Arabic.]
Ducos, Blaise, and Lara Yeager-Crasselt, eds. Rembrandt, Vermeer and the Dutch Golden
Age. Masterpieces from The Leiden Collection and the Musée du Louvre. Exh. cat. Abu
Dhabi, Louvre Abu Dhabi. London, 2019, 96, no. 28. [Exhibition catalogue also published in
French and Arabic.]

Versions
Versions and Copies© 2020 The Leiden CollectionSelf-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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1. After Ferdinand Bol, Self-Portrait behind a Parapet, oil on panel (oval), 83 x 66 cm, Albert
Blankert, Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680), Rembrandt’s Pupil (Doornspijk, 1982), no. 63a, present
whereabouts unknown.

Technical Summary
The support, a single piece of medium-weight, plain-weave fabric with tacking margins removed,
has been lined. There is pronounced cusping along the lower edge, slight cusping along the left
and right edges and none along the upper edge. The frame has an embossed “M Grieve andCo.” maker’s mark, and the stretcher and frame have Los Angeles County Museum of Art labels,
but there are no wax collection seals, import stamps, stencils or inscriptions along the lining or
stretcher reverse.
Although the support is stretched in a rectangular format, subtle diagonally oriented creases along
the paint surface of the upper left[1] and right[2] corners and triangles of dark paint along both
upper corners, which were toned to match the green background during conservation treatment,suggest a change in format along the upper edge. The support may originally have been slightly
taller, which would have allowed more room above the plume of the figure’s hat, and thecomposition may originally have been painted with a shallow arch or framed with a shaped liner.[3]A light-colored ground has been thinly and evenly applied.[4] The paint has been smoothly appliedwith areas of low impasto along the details of the figure’s hat, the gold chains and medallion
hanging from the figure’s neck, the pillow along the parapet, and the upturned corner of the paperthat the figure holds.
No underdrawing or compositional changes are readily apparent in infrared images captured at
780–1000 nanometers.
The painting is signed and dated in dark paint on a sheet of paper, which the figure holds along
the lower right corner of the composition. The signature and date are oriented upside down facing
the figure, not the viewer.
The painting was cleaned and restored in 2010 and remains in a good state of preservation.

Technical Summary Endnotes

1. Forms a triangle: 8.5 cm wide x 16 cm long as measured from upper left corner.

2. Forms a triangle: 6 cm wide x 10 cm long as measured from upper right corner.
3. Two Bol self-portraits executed on rectangular supports form shallow arches across the© 2020 The Leiden CollectionPowered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Self-Portrait, Behind a Parapet
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widths of the upper edges and are taller than FB-107: Portrait of the Artist owned by Baron
Bruno Schroeder, The Dell, Englefield Green, Surrey, England, and Self-Portrait, Athenium
Helsinki, Finland.
4. There is no X-radiograph of this painting that would indicate whether the ground is radioopaque.

© 2020 The Leiden Collection