Needs for Septage
p g Managementg
Urban Fecal Sludge Management – Problems and Solutions

Aizawl, Feb.28, 2012
Presented by:
Kazushi HASHIMOTO
Adviser, Japan Sanitation Consortium

1

Overview of :
 Access to improved sanitation
 Sewerage connections
 Septic tanks
 Septage treated Water polluted
 Economic cost of poor sanitation2

State of sanitation in south & southeast asia1)3Septic tank2)

4

Pros & Cons of septic tank2))+ Can be built and repaired with locally available materials+ Long service life
life, small land area requiredrequired, and no electrical energy
required+ No real problems with flies or odours if used correctly+ Low capital costs, moderate operating costs depending on water andemptying- Low reduction in pathogens
pathogens, solids and organics
Limited removal of 30 to 40 % of BOD, 50% of solids and a 1-log removalof E.coli, with polluting risk of surface water and ground water- Effluent and sludge require secondary treatment and/or
appropriate discharge
According to same reason as above
No disinfection can cause water-borne disease and death.

- Requires constant source of water
5The inactivation of pathogens: Influence of time & temperature on selectedb t i l andbacterialdhhelminthic
l i thi pathogens
thiin excretat andd sludge
l d 3)

composting

Thermophilic
methanefermentation

Activated sludge
method withdisinfection process,
Septic tank

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The impact of regular/irregular de-sludging on
performance of septic tanksystem sludge fills less than one-third of
In a regularly de-sludged system,
the tank, leaving the remaining two-thirds of the tank performing
anaerobic digestion.
If a tank is not regularly de-sludged, the sludge gradually fills thetank, leaving less and less space for anaerobic digestion andincreasing the level of suspended solids and untreated sewage in thedischarged effluent.
7

Needs for appropriate septage management4)
 MainM i objectives
bj ti
off wastewatertt ttreatment:tt- to remove contaminants from the environment such as BOD, SS,N P etc
N,etc. and reduce environment load
- to reduce pathogenic agents which negatively affect human health Measure taken for septic tanks:Septictanks
are- Septc ta
sa
e widelyde y used- Too much time and investment required to diffuse
g systemythe sewerage‐ Appropriate
pp p
septagep g management
gis required
qto reduce
negative impacts on the environment, health and economy.
8

Establishment
Et bli ht off systemtrequiredi d forf conducting
d ti
appropriate septage management1)
 Raise awareness of both policymakers and septic tankusers
 Establish and enforce clear national and local policies
 Strengthen the capacity of implementing agencies andutilities
 Enable private service providers to scale-up scheduled
de-sludging
 Increase funding and reform of tariff structures9

Regular de-sludging
de sludging , transportation andtreatment infrastructure1)

10

Whatt JSC can offer
Whff you【1】Regulatory framework for collection andtransportation of sludge (Regular De‐sludging)
Regular de-sludging requires a totally different
regulatory framework than for on-call basis de-sludging

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What JSC can offer you【2】Technology for Sludge Treatment

We do not recommend to build a mechanized sludge
g treatment
plant if a regular de-sludging system is not in place. This would
be a waste of money.
12What JSC can offer you【3】Technology for modern septage managementg Aerated Wastewater Treatment Plant,PAWTP‐ Packaged(Johkasou in Japan)

Johkasou cannot work properly if a regular de-sludging
de sludging
system is not in place.
13R f
References
1) A Rapid Assessment of Septage Management in Asia
Asia,
USAID 2010
2) Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies
Technologies,
EAWAG 2008
3) Feachem
FhR G
R.
G.ett al.,l S
Sanitation
it ti andd didisease: HHealthlthAspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management. WorldBank Studies in Water Supply and Sanitation 33.
Chichester, John Wiley, 1983
p on Septagep g Managementg4)) Policyy Paperin India,, Centre for
Science and Environment, New Delhi, 201114