Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

The PhiliTh
Philippines
iDisaster Risk Reduction andManagement System
VISITING RESEARCHER,RESEARCHER PHILIPPINES
January 13 to April 24, 2015

AMEERHA PP. ORTEGA
Office of Civil Defense

Scope of Presentation

GeneralI fInformationti

DisasterRi k PProfile
Riskfil

DRRM Efforts

The PDRRMS

Challenges

Part I

GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE
PHILIPPINESThe Philippines
ppis an archipelagop g of7,107 islands with a total land area ofapproximately 300,000 squarekilometers.
kilometers
 Its 36,289 kilometers of coastline makes
it the 5th longest coastline in the world.
 Bordered by the Pacific Ocean to theeast, the West Philippine Sea to thewest and the Celebes Sea to the southwest,south.
 Three major island groups:– Luzon is the largest
gisland ggroupp with141,000 sq. kms.
– Visayas is third with 57,000 sq. kms.
– Mindanao is second with 102,000 sq.
kms.


Source: en.wikipedia.org

Dominated byy two majorjseasons: wet and dry seasons 28.3º C during summer months
 25.5ºCºC during rainy months
 Rainfall is the most important
climatic element in thePhilippines.
 Rainfall distribution throughout
the country varies fromone region to another,
dependingpg uponp thedirection of the moisturebearing winds and thelocation of the mountainsystems

Source: en.wikipedia.org

Home of UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New 7 Wondersof NaturePart II

PHILIPPINES DISASTER RISK PROFILEWorld Risk Index Report 2014

Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2013
 No.
No 4 in number of reported events in 2013

http://www.cred.be/sites/default/files/ADSR_2013.pdf

Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2013
 No.
No 1 in terms of disaster mortality in 2013

http://www.cred.be/sites/default/files/ADSR_2013.pdf

Terrorism (Zamboanga Crisis)

Photo-credit: <philstar.com> Last retrieved on 07 February 2014

Earthquake (7(7.22 M EQ in Bohol)

Photo-credit: <newsinfo.inquirer.net> Last retrieved on 07 February 2014

Storm Surge (TY Yolanda)

Photo-credit: <rappler.com> Last retrieved on 07February 2014

DISASTER RISK PROFILE

The Philippines is vulnerable to almost all types of natural
hazards because of its geographical location

The Philippines is situated along a highly seismic area lying along thePACIFIC RING OF FIRE where two major tectonic plates (Philippine Seaand Eurasian) meet and is highly-prone to earthquakes & volanic eruptions.
Source: PHIVOLCS Website, http:¥¥
www phivolcs dost gov ph/Tropical storms or typhoons accompanied by heavy rain and/or strongwinds that may result in floods
floods, landslides and storm surge are the mostprevalent types of hydro-meteorological hazards in the country.

Natural Hazards

 TYPHOONS

 FLOODS

 VOLCANICERUPTIONS CLIMATIC
VARIABILITIES EARTHQUAKE TSUNAMI

 LANDSLIDE GROUND RUPTURE

Human Induced Hazards
Human-Induced FIREINCIDENTS

 SEA
ACCIDENTS

 AIR
ACCIDENTS

 LAND
ACCIDENTS

 OIL SPILLS CIVILSTRIFE POLLUTION INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS

 TERRORISM

 RED TIDEIn the past 20 years,years atleast 31,835 Filipinos havereportedly been killed and94,369,462 people havebeen affected by natural
disasters and calamities

Part III

A PARADIGM SHIFT IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT: THE PDRRMS

Policy Environment

Philippine Disaster Management System PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1566 June 11, 1978
 “Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Control andCapability & Establishing the National Program on
Community Disaster Preparedness”
 Focus is disaster preparedness and response Primary responsibility for Disaster Management isplaced upon agencies of the government
 Disasters traditionally viewed as one
one-offoff events
responded to by governments and relief agencies
 No
N strong iinstitutional
i i l basis,b i especially
i ll at theh LGU llevellHyogo Framework for Action Priorities

Cluster Approach
The Philippines adopted the “UNUN Cluster Approach
Approach” as acoordination tool to ensure a more coherent and effective
delivery of humanitarian assistance by mobilizing groups ofagencies, organizations and NGOs to respond in a strategicmanner across all key sectors or areas of activity.
CLUSTERGoP Lead

UN-IASC Lead

Food and Non-Food Items

DSWD

WFP

Camp Management

DSWD

IOM

Shelter and Livelihood

DSWD

IFRC

WASH, Health, Nutrition, & Psychosocial Services

DOH

UNICEF, WHO

Logistics and Emergency Telecommunications

OCD

WFP

Education

DepEd

UNICEF

Agriculture

DAFAO

Early Recovery

OCD

UNDP

AADMER ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency
Response (AADMER) was signed by ASEAN Foreign Ministers inJuly 2005.
 The Agreement contains provisions on disaster risk reduction,
monitoring and early warning,warning prevention and mitigation
mitigation,
preparedness and response, rehabilitation, technical cooperation andresearch, mechanisms for coordination and establishment of an
ASEAN Coordination Center for Humanitarian Assistance ondisaster management (AHA Center).
 On 14 September 2009, the Philippines was the last of the ten
ASEAN Member States to have ratified the AADMER. The
AADMER entered into force on 24 December 2009.

RA 10121

AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINES DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE NATIONALDISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND
INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFORE AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSESMILESTONES IN DRRM…
DRRM PDRRM LAW OR REPUBLIC ACT 10121 dated 27 May 2010
 Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 10121 dated 27 Sept 2010

 NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK (NDRRMF) approved on 16 June 2011

 NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
PLAN (NDRRMP) approved on 7 February 2012

Legal Basis
PD 1566

RA 10121

June 11, 1978

May 27, 2010

 Strengthens thePhilippine Disaster
Control Capability
 Establishes theNational Program onCommunityy Disaster
Preparedness StrengthensShtheh
PDRRM System
 Provides for theNDRRM Framework Institutionalizes theNDRRM Plan Appropriates Funds

Paradigm Shift
Disaster Risk Reduction &Management

Disaster Relief &ResponseT dli dTop-down& centralized
disaster management

Bottom up &Bottom-up
participatory disaster risk
reduction process

Disasters as merely afunction of physicalhazards

Disasters mainly apeople'spreflection of pvulnerability

Focus on disaster
response & anticipation

Integrated approach tosocial & humandevelopment to reduce
disaster risks

Chairperson
Secretary of National Defense

Vice Chairperson
Sec. DOST

Vice Chairperson
Sec. DILG

Vice Chairperson
Sec. DSWD

Vice Chairperson
Sec. NEDA

Disaster Prev. & Mitigation

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster Response

Disaster Rehab & Recovery

14 LineDepartments

11 Other Gov’t
Agencies
4 Civil Society
Orgs.

2 Gov’tFinancial Inst.
1 Private
Org.

1Q
Quasi-Gov’t
QuasiAgency
OCD, Administrator
Exec. Dir. NDRRMC

4 Leagues & 1
Union of LGUs

Four (4) Vice-Chairpersons
DOST

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
DILG

Disaster Preparedness
DSWD

Disaster Response
NEDA

Network of DRRMCs

11781140

1,494

42,026

National
DRRMC

Regional
DRRMCsDRRMCsProvincialCityDRRMCs

Municipal

Barangay
DCs

DRRMCsNDRRM Framework
Framework, June 2011
Safer, adaptive and resilient Filipino
communities toward sustainable development

RISK
FACTORSDRR and CCA inPlanning &Implementation

Hazards
Exposures
Vulnerabilities
Capacities

Prevention &Mitigation

Preparedness

Response

Rehabilitation &Recovery

NDRRM Plan 2011-2028,2011-2028 Feb 2012

Office of Civil Defense (OCD) One of the five (5) bureausof DND Established on July 1, 1973
 Acts as the Executive Armand Secretariat of the
NDRRMC Leads in coordinating theactivities and functions of theN RDRRMC member
N/RDRRMC
bagencies

OCD Battle Cry“We

ORCHESTRATE
Disaster Management Activities with Utmost

COMMITMENT
in order toDELIVER
what is Best for the Country and our People”

NDRRMC OPERATIONS CENTER
 Operates on a 24/7 basis
 Center for DRRM
coordinationdi ti
 Provides DRRM guidelines Disseminates reports, alerts
and other communications
 Central command and control
facilitya y Documents and maintains thedatabase of relevant DRRM
information

Tools that we use…
useWebsite

www.ndrrmc.gov.ph

Emailregion3@ocd.gov.ph

SMS+63 9399393051
63 9175472805+63Telefax(045) 455 – 0033
(045) 455 - 1526

Facebook

Civil Defense III

Emergency Communication Kit

Concept of Operations
NormalCondition
DEACTIVATION
Notification

Notification

RDRRMC
EOC
PartialActivation(Blue Alert)

RDRRMC
EOC
PartialActivation(Blue Alert)

Notification

Emergency
Condition

Notification

RDRRMC EOC
Full Activation(Red Alert)

Coordination During Emergencies
The LDRRMCs shall take the lead in preparing for, responding to, andrecovering from the effects of any disaster based on the following
criteria:
 The BDC, if a barangay is affected;
 The City/Municipal DRRMCs, if two (2) or more barangays areaffected;
affected The Provincial DRRMC, if two (2) or more cities/municipalities areaffected;; The Regional DRRMC, if two (2) or more provinces are affected; and The NDRRMC, if two (2) or more regions are affected

The NDRRMC and intermediary LDRRMCs shall always act as support
to LGUs which have the primary responsibility as first disaster
responders.
dAHA CENTER
Participation of OCD to the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
as PhilippinePhili i ACDM F
Focall P
Point.
i t HiHighlights
hli ht off ACDM achievements
hit iinclude
l d theth ff
ff:
1. Signing of the ASEAN HumanitarianAssistance(AHA) Center on disastermanagement Agreement by the ASEAN
Foreign Ministers, followed by the official
launch of the Centre during the sidelights of
the 19th ASEAN Summit in Bali, Indonesia
on November 2011;
2 Facilitation of the annual contributions of2.
the Philippines to the AADMER and AHA
Centre Funds. The Philippines iscommitted to provide a voluntary
contribution of US$ 50,000 to the ADMER
Fund, in addition to the annual and equal
contribution to the AHA Centre Fund in theamount US$ 30,000
30 000 effective this year,
year
chargeable against DFA’s International
Commitment Fund (ICF).

Part IV

THE DRRM EFFORTS

BPPT 1st Building, 17th floor Jl. MH. Thamrin no. 8
Jakarta - 10340

Prevention & Mitigation
 Dev
Dev’tt of alarm & early

warning systems
 Nationwide flood

forecasting & monitoring Geo-hazard mappings Comprehensive land use

planning, building & safety
standards
 Engineering interventions
 Flood control structures

Prevention & Mitigation
DOST Project
j NOAHPrevention & Mitigation
Geo-hazard Maps
Landslide
Susceptibility
Map(MGB-DENR)

RainfallReturn Flood
Simulation(PAGASA)

Active Faults &TTrenchesh(PHIVOLCS)

Preparedness
 Contingency planning Prepositioning of equipment& supplies
 Enhancement of operation& coordination centers Organizing, training &equipping responders Organizing & mobilizing
community volunteers
 Conduct of disaster trainings& drills

Response Search,, rescue & retrieval

operations
 Humanitarian aid,aid relief andhealth services
 Provision
Pforf temporary

shelter, water, sanitation &h ihygiene Financial assistance tocalamity victims
 Management of evacuation

centers

Recovery & Rehabilitation
 Early recovery &rehabilitation
 Reconstruction ofdamaged houses &b ldbuildings
 Resettlement
 Provision for livelihood
 Restoration &“Build Back Better”

improvement ofdestroyed facilities

Part VTHE CHALLENGES

Prevention & Mitigation
 Nationwide identification &assessment of hazards
 Common understanding of

forecasting terminologies &systems
 Appreciation of risk factors

at theh llocall levell l Strict adherence to building
gcodes Construction of floodcontrol structures

Preparedness
 Integration of hazards

assessment into the CLUP
 Completion
Cof Local DRRMPlans
 Organization of communityvolunteers
 Training & equipage ofresponders Enhancement ofcoordination centers

Response Immediate establishment ofICS Deployment of trained &equipped responders Rationalization ofhumanitarian assistance &Rapid Needs Assessments
among NGAs, LGUs &Int’l Donor Agencies

Recovery & Rehabilitation
 Rationalization of access to Calamity Funds

Policy Considerations
 Creation of Local Disaster Risk Reduction
Red ction Management(DRRM) Offices
 Plantilla positions for Local DRRM Officers & Personnel
 Clarify provisions of Sec
Sec. 22 of RA 10121 vis-à-vis GAA reutilization of NDRRM Fund
 Completion of standard Local DRRM Plans
 “Laymanizing”
Laymanizing DRRM terminologies Rationalization of Geo-hazard Map scales

Field of Research:“DamDam Performance and Safety:
A Comparative Study of Monitoring
Dams in JJapanp and Philippines.”
pp