3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO

Resource Recycling Promotion Division
Bureau of the Environment
Tokyo Metropolitan Government

TODAY’S TOPIC
1. INTRODUCTION
1-1 WASTE/RECYCLING RELATED LAWS
1-2 CITY PROFILE
1-3 HISTORY OF WASTE IN TOKYO

2. 3RS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TOKYO
2-1 MSW
2-2 INDUSTRIAL WASTE
2-3 TMG’S 5-YEAR PLAN

3. CONCLUSION

1. INTRODUCTION

1-1 WASTE/RECYCLING
RELATED LAWSWASTE/RECYCLING RELATED LAWS
Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society(Stipulating Basic Philosophy for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society)Law for the Promotion of Effective
Utilization of Resources

Waste Disposal and Public CleansingLaw

 Containers and Packaging Recycling Law
 Home Appliances Recycling Law
 Food Recycling Law
 Construction Materials Recycling Law
 End-of-life Vehicle Recycling Law
 Promotion of Recycling of Small Waste Electrical andElectronic Equipment Law (2013.4-)

4

2. Laws

5 PRIORITY RANKS
Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society

Generation control
Reuse
Recycling
Heat recovery

Proper disposal

5The hierarchy ranks waste management options according to theirenvironmental benefits. These options should be taken, in this order,
whenever environmentally beneficial and economically viable.

2. Laws

WASTE DISPOSAL AND PUBLIC CLEANSING LAW
Definition of waste in the law
Municipal Solid Waste

Waste

Waste other than industrial
waste (domestic waste, nightsoil, etc.)

Household Waste
Municipal Waste fromBusiness Offices

Industrial Waste
20 items including sludge, waste
plastic, waste oil, debris, etc.

Special Controlled Waste
Some waste items, such as PCB, asbestos, infectious waste,and explosives, are classified as general or industrial waste
under special control. They are obliged to be kept understrict control.

62. Laws

WASTE DISPOSAL AND PUBLIC CLEANSING LAW
Roles of each body stated in the law
Nation level
 Establish basic policies, Formulate waste disposal standards,
 Provide support to prefectures/municipalities, etc.

Prefecture level
 Establish waste management plan, Provide control/guidance for appropriate disposal of industrial waste, Give licenses to industrial waste disposal contractors and approve
construction of waste management facilities,
 Provide support to municipalities, etc.

Municipal level7

 Establish general waste management plan, Treat general waste according to general waste management plan, Give licenses to general waste disposal contractors, etc.

2. Laws

OBLIGATION OF MAKING A MSW DISPOSAL PLAN

In the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law

Prefectural Plan••••

Estimates amount of waste generation/treatment,
Establishes basic policies related to reduction and treatment,
Ensures proper management of general waste,
Improves industrial waste management facilities, etc.

Municipal Plan•••••
8

Estimates amount of waste generation/treatment,
Takes waste control measures,Classifies waste for sorting,Treats waste properly,
Improves waste management facilities,etc.

2. Laws
LAW FORTHE PROMOTION OF EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES
It states the standards of 3R efforts to be made by the producers

Regarding 69 products and 10types of businesses.

9The law covers approx. 50% of
end-of-life products and waste inJapan2. Laws

CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING RECYCLING LAW
SourceSeparation

Steel cans, etc. are soldConsumer(Domestic waste)

Municipalities

Recycling facility
Recycling costs

Waste containers andpackaging

SeparateCollection･ PET bottles･ Steel cans･ Aluminum cans
･ Glass bottles･ Plastic containers and packaging,bodies >Recycling costs

etc.

Recycling
10

Japan Containers andPackaging Recycling
Association <DesignatedBusinesses using containers andpackaging user, containers andpackaging producer,
retailer/wholesaler, etc.

2. Laws

HOME APPLIANCES RECYCLING LAW
Payment ofcosts

Discharger(Consumer)

Home Appliances
Air conditioner
TV (CRT type)
Refrigerator, Freezer,
Washing machine, Dryer,

11Retailer
Take-backfrom
consumer

Designated collection
site
Recycling facility
Designation/placement

Producer/Importer
・Take-back fromretailers
・Recycling, etc.

2. Laws

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS RECYCLING LAW
Mixed construction waste
2.93 million tons (4%)
Waste wood fromconstruction anddemolition sites
4.71 million tons
(6%)

Others (Scrap metal, waste
plastic, waste paper)
3.63 million tons (5%)

Construction sludge
7.52 million tons
(10%)

National
Concrete lump
Total
32.15 million tons
77 million (42%)
tons

Order/implementation flow of sorted
demolition/recyclingNote) Penalty with fine is imposed on an ordering party who fails to comply with
notification/change order.

Ordering party(Formulation ofsorted demolitionplan)Asphalt/concrete lump
26.06 million tons (34%)

Prior notification

Prefecturegovernor[Change order]

Commission tomunicipality

Items to be recycled

Contract

Explanation

Written report

Main contractor(Construction work plan
formulation andexplanation to theordering party)
Announcement

Contract

Subcontractor

12Contractor• Implementation of sorted
demolition and otherrecycling work• Work management byengineering manager

Advice/recommendation/order/ report order/
inspection

Main contractor(Confirmation ofrecycling
completion andreport to orderingparty)2. LawsFOOD RECYCLING LAW
Production phase(food production)

Animal and plant
residues

Distribution phase(food distribution)

Unsold foodConsumption phase(restaurants/home)

Food scrap/
Table waste

Recycling

Cyclical foodresources
In the Food Recycling Law, foodwaste that can be effectively usedas fertilizer, feed, etc. is known as
cyclical food resources

Annual generation(10,000 tons)

13

Recycling rate (%)

Food producer
Food wholesaler
Food retailer
Restaurants

493
74263
305

8162
3522

Food industry total

1,13454

2. Laws

END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE RECYCLING LAW Vehicle owner (Final owner)
Pay recycling fee; Deliver an end-of-life vehicle to thereceiver registered with the municipality
Vehicle owner

Relatedbusinesses Receiver
Receives ELVs from the final owner, and delivers them to fluorocarbon recovery operators ordismantlers.
 Fluorocarbon recovery operator
Recovers fluorocarbons and delivers it to automobile manufacturers or importers.
 Dismantler
Dismantles ELVs, recovers airbags, and delivers them to automobile manufacturers or importers.
Recovers fluorocarbons and delivers them to automobile manufacturers or importers.
 Shredder operator
Shreds dismantled ELVs, and delivers shredder dust to automobile manufacturers or importers.

 Automobile manufacturer/importer
Automobilemanufacturer/ Importer

14When vehicles they produced or imported are
scrapped, they take over shredder dust, airbags, andfluorocarbons generated from the ELVs, and recyclethem.

2. Laws

It’s NEW!

SMALL ELECTRONIC DEVICESRECYCLING PROMOTION LAW
From April 2013
Concept

Background
Limitation of Natural Resources-Escalating price of resources
Limitation of Environment-Lack of land for final landfill site
-Proper management of the environment

Manufacturer

Non mandatory scheme
Provide guideline, set up necessary
procedure for each sector
In order to promote recycling of preciousmetals used in small electronic devices

Retailer
DeliveryDischarge
Consumers

collection

Municipality
Box/station/pick upetc.

Transportation

Depot

Metal Refining

DeliveryMunicipality

Certified business operator
Contract

15

Recycling Facirities

CyclicUse

1. INTRODUCTION

1-2 CITY PROFILETOKYOJapan
Area: 378 thousand km2
Population: 128 million
No. of Prefecture: 47Tokyo
Area: 2,188 km2
Population: 13 million
No. of City: 6217TOKYOTama area

23-ward area

Area: 1160 km2
Population: 4,192,937
No. of municipalities: 30

Area: 622 km2Population: 9,002,488
No. of municipalities: 23

TMG Office18

Izu/Ogasawara islands
Area: 406 km2
Population: 27,335
No. of municipalities: 9
As of 1stt Jan 2013

RAPID INCREASE OF POPULATION AND MSW
14,000,000

6,000,000

12,000,000

5,000,000
ごみ量
MSW

Population
人口10,000,000

4,000,000

8,000,000

3,000,000●End of WWII

6,000,000

2,000,000

4,000,000

1,000,000(population)

(ton)
2010
(Year)

2005

2000

1995

1990

1985

1980

1975

1970

1965

1960

1955

1950

1945

19401935

1930

1925

1920

1915

1910

1905

1901900

2,000,000

【BIGGEST CHALLENGE】 LACK OF LAND FOR FDS

2020

FDS IN TOKYO BAY①1927-1962②1957-1966③1965-1974④1973-1986⑤1977⑥1984-1991⑦199821

1. INTRODUCTION

1-3 HISTORY OF WASTEIN TOKYO

OPPOSITION AGAINST INCINERATOR 1950’S

NO Incinerator

23

OUTBREAK OF FLIES (1965)
Burning down flies on FDS in cooperation with fire department and polices.

24

GARBAGE WAR 1970’S

Don’t bring garbage into my city25

PEAK OF WASTE GENERATION (1989)

26

ILLEGAL DUMPING (C&D WASTE)

27

REDUCTION OF WASTE GENERATION AND
FINAL DISPOSAL AMOUNT(Thousand ton)
7,000

Population:11.8million
Cooperation withCitizens

6,000

ごみ発生量
MSW

Ash Recycling

Landfilling
埋立処分量

5,000
4,000

BubbleBoomTotal Incineration ofcombustible waste

3,000
2,000

Plastic
Recycling

1,000087 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 (Year)28

REDUCTION OF FINAL DISPOSAL AMOUNTUnit 1,000ton

4,000
3,500

3,370

3,000
1,500

Unit 1,000ton

2,500

1,199

2,000

1,000

1,500
500

60
Generation

Tama Area
1,160km2
4 million people

29

Landfill

1,0003635000
GenerationLandfill

Central Area
622km2
9 million people2. 3RS AND WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO
2-1 MSW
2-2 INDUSTRIAL WASTE
2-3 TMG’S 5-YEAR PLAN

2. 3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO

2-1 MSW

WASTE GENERATION IN TOKYO

77,700t/day
MSW: 12,600t/d
Industrial : 65,100t/d

Municipal
Solid Waste
16％
Industrial
Waste
84％

In 201132

MSW IN TOKYO

12,600T/D

WASTE GENERATION IN TOKYO

Municipal
Solid Waste
16％
Industrial
Waste
84％

Waste generated by・Households
・Small businesses
Managed and disposed by
33

Municipal Government

MSW MANAGEMENT• Each municipal government has responsibility
for MSW management• Providing careful services to residents

34RATIO OF MSW
Bulky
2%

Incombustibles
2%35

Recyclables
16%

Combustibles
80%

23-ward area (2010)
Source: Clean Association Tokyo23

COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE WASTE
Clothes Others
2%
6%
Woods &grasses
10%Papers40%

Plastics
17%

Kitchen Waste
25%

36

23-ward area (2012)
Data: Clean36
Association Tokyo23

CURRENT MSW FLOW37

CURRENT MSW FLOW
①③②

④38

SOURCE SEPARATION BY RESIDENTS
CanPET

39

Recyclables and garbage collection pointin the community
Glass bottle

VOLUNTARY RECYCLING ACTIVITIES

Cardboards

Magazines
Newspapers

Sign: Collection point for recyclables
40

CONTINUOUS COMMUNICATION

41

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

42

21 INCINERATION PLANTS IN 23-WARD

TMG
The Diet Building

Population：9million
Area：622km2

43

Source: Clean Association of TOKYO23

FEATURE OF INCINERATION PLANTIN 23 WARD
Toshima incineration plant- next to Ikebukuro Station(2.7 million passengers/day)

All incineration plants in 23-ward- equipped with power generator
Total Generated Power

1,091million kWhElectricity sold510 million kWh

Income from electricity sold5.4 billion yen

Supplied heat(Charged)

580,000 GJ

Income from heat sold

194 million yen- have certificate of ISO14001

44

Source: Clean Association of TOKYO23

POLLUTION CONTROL OF SYNGAS
A : Soot and dust control
B : Dioxin control
C : Mercury control
D : Hydrogen chloride and SOx control
E : NOx control

45

Source: Clean Association of TOKYO23

ASH RECYCLING - ASH MELTING(23 wards Area)
Electrode
Incineration
Ashover

Flue gas(Exhaust gas)

slag

1200℃

Slag

Used forconstruction materialMetal
Ash Melting Furnace (Arc type)
46

Source: Clean Association of TOKYO23

ASH RECYCLING - ECO CEMENT (Tama Area)

Used forconstruction material
Eco-cement47

Source: Tokyo Tama Regional Association for Waste Management and Resource Recycling

FINAL DISPOSAL SITE(FDS) IN TOKYO BAY
Photo: Bureau of Environment, TMG

48

48

FDS
CENTRAL BREAKWATER OUTER LANDFILL SITE / NEW SEA SURFACE DISPOSAL SITE

Landfill inside
central breakwater

Landfill disposalsite outside
central breakwater(No. 1)115 haA Block

Tokyo Port SeasideRoad

Landfill disposal site
outside centralbreakwater (No. 2)

20 ha

New landfill disposal site
on seawater surfaceG Block
73 ha199 ha

B Block
72 ha
C Block
69 ha

A Block to G Block

F Block
88 ha

D Block
67 ha

Past landfill disposal site

E Block
91 ha

49

Current landfill disposal siteSTRUCTURE OF FDS
Sandwich construction technique

Waste

Soil

Rain

Approx. 3 m

Landfill gas

Approx. 50 cm

Waste

Powergenerator

Leachate collection

Tokyo Bay
Landfill

Clay layer

Waste water
treatment facility
Sewage treatment
plants50

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT FDS
No. of Visitor : 43,000 person/year(including 37,000 elementary children)51

2. 3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO2-2 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWASTE GENERATION IN TOKYO

77,700t/day
MSW: 12,600t/d
Industrial : 65,100t/d

Municipal
Solid Waste
16％
Industrial
Waste
84％

In 201153

INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN TOKYO

65,100T/D

WASTE GENERATION IN TOKYO

Municipal
Solid Waste
16％
Industrial
Waste
84％

Generator has responsibility
for proper disposal

54

Disposed by private sector
licensed by Prefectural Government

Water and Sewage Sludge

55

Construction
andDemolition

OthersCOMPOSITION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEDISPOSAL FLOW OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Intermediate
Treatment

Final
Disposal
839 t/y(4%)

23 million t/y(99%)

Waste Generation
23 million tons / year Construction
businesses,
 Manufacturingbusinesses,
 Hospitals, etc.
56

 Dehydration,
 Shredding, Incineration, etc.

Recycling
6,274 t/y(27%)

 Licensed Private Company(Issued by Prefectural Government)

REDUCTION OF FINAL DISPOSAL OF
INDUSTRIAL WASTE(Unit: 1,000 tons)

Started recycling ofconstruction/demolition
waste by law(FY)57

<CHALLENGE 1>
LACK OF DISPOSAL FACILITIES IN TOKYO
Others: 28

Tochigi: 10
Gunma: 4

Ibaraki: 4
Saitama: 10
Chiba:
35

Tokyo 11
Kanagawa: 7In 2011
Unit: 10 thousand tons

How wide the Industrial Waste produced in Tokyo is disposed.
58

<CHALLENGE 2>
ILLEGAL DUMPING IS STILL REMAINED
Dumped amount (10,000 tons)

No. of dumping cases
600

30528

500
400

300

25419

2321391

2019298

282

15242200

217
24220010119100

10475544400
FY199859

FY1999FY2000FY2001

FY2002

FY2003

FY2004

FY2005

FY2006

FY2007

<CHALLENGE 2>
ILLEGAL DUMPING/DEPOSITION/EXPORTING

Aerial photo of illegal dumping site in Aomori/Iwate border
Aomori (Approx. 11 ha)

Compost-likemixture including
waste oil

Mixture including
cold ashes

Waste film,
wastepackaging

Compost mixed
with garbage

Poultry manure,compost-likesubstance

Waste oil drum
Waste foodIwate (Approx. 16 ha)

State of dumping site Compost-like
substance

Illegal deposition of
dismantled waste in
Chiba

Huge illegal dumping
on prefectural borderof Aomori and Iwate(820 thousand m3)
Treatment residue of end-of-lifeelectronic appliances imported
from developed countries(Guangdong, China)

60

<SOLUTION 1> TOKYO SUPER ECO-TOWN
PCB Waste
Treatment

Central Breakwater
Inner Landfill SiteConstruction andDemolition Waste
Recycling Plant

Jonanjima,
Ota ward

E-WasteConstruction andDemolition Waste
Recycling Plant

61

Waste FuelElectric Power
Generation Plant

E-Waste Recycling E-Waste Recycling
Plant
Plant

Waste to Energy

Construction and Demolition Waste

Construction andDemolition Waste
Recycling Plant

Food Waste
Animal Feed fromFood Waste

Biogas Power
Generation fromFood Waste

61

<SOLUTION 2> INSPECTION AT TOLLGATE

29 Local Government work together for
eliminating illegal dumping.
62

<SOLUTION 3>
CERTIFICATION SYSTEM OF TOP-RUNNER
INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL COMPANY
OutlineThird party organization designated by TMG certify “Expert” and “Professional”
companies which conduct proper disposal, recycling and reduction of environmental
impact from their activities.
Purpose
1. Disseminate information about reliable disposal company to waste generator
2. Cultivate good company , promote proper disposal
3. Develop waste disposal & recycling industry
Evaluation item
1. Compliance
2. Stability
3. Advanced activities

Expert63

Professional

The certificate and a special sticker are given to certified companies.

2. 3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO

2-3 TMG’S 5-YEAR PLANINTEGRATED STRATEGY FOR THE
SUSTAINABLE USE OF RESOURCES
TMG 5-year Plan (2011-2015)
Policy• Reducing extraction ofnatural resources• Reducing greenhouse gasemissions• Reducing final wastedisposal

65Target• Reducing 30% of final waste disposal
in FY2015 (compared with FY2007)

MAJOR POLICY (1)[Promotion of 3R measures]• Promotion of generation control and reuse
Establishing a society that discharges no waste; Charging fordomestic waste• Promotion of recycling
Development of urban mine; development of more efficient waste
reverse logistics; development of highly efficient heat recovery;
utilization of methane gas emitted from landfill disposal site

• Visualization of 3R effects
Resource input amount; green gas reduction through cyclical useof resources; recycling costs• Construction of support system for 3R efforts
Promotion of popularization/enlightenment of green purchasing
and environmental education
66

MAJOR POLICY (2)[Promotion of proper treatment]• Toxic waste
Improvement of proper treatment system for waste with minute trace of PCB;
continuation of TMG disposal site’s acceptance of friable asbestos; reductionof mercury use and promotion of its proper treatment• Industrial waste
Use of non-friable asbestos; thorough screening/proper disposal of waste
plasterboard; enhanced guidance for eradication of illegal dumping by using
industrial waste G-men• General waste
Dangerous articles such as aerosol cans and cigarette lighters; medical wastefrom home medical care

• Proper management/operation of industrial waste
management facility
Reduction of environmental burden and maintenance cost of landfill disposalsites; providing guidance/advice to municipal recycling facilities

67

MAJOR POLICY (3)[Promotion of development of waste disposal&recycling industry]• Improve environment where superior disposal businesses haveadvantage
Charging businesses discharging industrial waste for proper disposal costs;
developing specialized disposal/recycling businesses by understanding
industrial structure and current state• Promotion of the Tokyo Super Eco-Town Project
Actively present the outcomes of the Tokyo Super Eco-Town Project asadvanced efforts and provide information to inside/outside Japan• Collaborative technical research
In order to advance waste management/recycling technology, collaborativetechnical research is implemented through cooperation of industry-universitypublic administration68

CURRENT STUDY AND DELIBERATION(1)Recycling of Small Size E-Waste
Recovering metals such as minor
metals after collecting anddismantling small size e-waste Result of collection
FY2009 (for 4 months): 13,000units
FY2010 (for 5months): 11,000units69

CURRENT STUDY AND DELIBERATION(2)Sharing Experience with Asian Major Cities
Participant Cities to ANMC21Tomsk

Tokyo

Seoul
Ulaanbaatar

Delhi

Taipei
Hanoi

YangonManilaBangkok

Kuala Lumpur
Singapore70

Training program on 3R and Waste Management on site

Jakarta3. CONCLUSION

3. CONCLUSION
 It took a long period
2010’s Both “soft” and “hard”
are essential
 Hoping to share experiences
1950’s72

19291999

Thank you for your attention !