Prompt Observations of Transients:
Synergy with Wide Field Survey- 広視野サーベイ観測と連携した突発天体の即時観測 -Masaomi Tanaka
田中 雅臣(National Astronomical Observatory of Japan)
On behalf of KISS collaboration
Tomoki Morokuma (Univ. of Tokyo)
Nozomu Tominaga, Emiko Matumoto (Konan Univ.),
Kensho Mori (Hiroshima Univ.), and KISS members

Optical Transient Search
SurveyLOSS
CHASE
ROTSE-III
KISS
PTF
Pan-STARRSSDSS-IIGOODS
SNLS
SkyMapper
Subaru/HSC

Diameter(m)FOV(deg2)

Depth(R mag)Area/day(deg2)

0.76
0.4 x 4
0.45
1.05
1.26
1.8
2.52.5 (HST)
3.6
1.3
8.2

0.01
0.03
3.42
4
7.8
7
1.5
0.003
15.7
1.75

1919
18.5
2121
21.5
22.6
26
24.3
2226.5galaxygalaxy
450
100
1000
6000
150
0.04
2-3.5

(partly taken from Rau et al. 2009, PASP, 121, 1334)

16

High
cadence

Magnitude

18

ROTSE

20

PTF

22

SDSS
Pan-STARRS

24

SNLS

26

HST

HSC

Deep

28
0.01

PTF

0.1

1
10
Cadence (days)

100Theoretically expected
Supernovae

Nova

2.

Figure from LSST Science Book
(afterPTF physicallycollaboration, Rau+09,Kasliwal+,Kulkarni+)
Theoreticalandplausible
candidates aremartransient phase space. The original figure is from Rau et a

Bolometric lu
Color temperature [K]1010431042

103 -1
Bolometric luminosity[ergs ]
Photosphericvelocity [10km]

0.2

0.4

0.6

progenitor star

1045
10544
10510431004

GA ET AL.

re [K]

Vol. 705

The moment of supernova explosion
01010451044104461043

43105105

0.2

Days

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6
Vol. 705

Shock breakout

020> a few days
04104220.2

1045

81000400.2
0.4
0.6Tominaga+090.260

0.480

Days since the peak (rest frame) [Days]

0.61001718

SN shockbreakout

Magnitude

192021222324
Tominaga+

250.010.1

110100Time (days) @ 100Mpc* New window to study supernovae(progenitor radius/mass, explosion energy)* Tracer of star formation at high redshifts

KISS: KIso Supernova Survey• Extremely high cadence

2012 Apr: Dry run 2012 Sep: Main survey Kiso 1.05m Schmidt telescope• 1-hr cadence <= 2-3 days
• 4 deg FOV (KWFC)• ~ 21 mag in g-band (3 min)• ~50-100 deg /day• ~100 nights/yr (around new moon)• High SFR field (< 200 Mpc, 30-100 Msun/yr)
22

Tomoki Morokuma (PI), Nozomu Tominaga, Masaomi Tanaka et al.

~ 1-2 shock breakout / yr

KISS collaboration• •Survey members

Tomoki Morokuma (PI), Nozomu Tominaga, Masaomi Tanaka,
Mieko Matsumoto, Kensho Mori, Koji Kawabata (and Hiroshimagroup), Yoshihiko Saito (and Tokyo Tech group), Nobuharu Ukita,
Michael Richmond, Yuji Urata• •Indian Institute of Astrophysics• •Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP)
Devendra Sahu

Eric Hsiao, Maximilian Stritzinger, Mark Phillips, Nidia Morrell,
Carlos Contreras, Francesco Taddia• •Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG)• SNFactory•• Russian Institutes
Paolo Mazzali, Emma Walker, Elena Pian

Greg Aldering• Dmitry Tsvetkov, Nikolay Pavlyuk

16

High
cadence

Magnitude

18

ROTSE

20

KISS 1m

22

iPTF 1m

24

PTF

SDSS
Pan-STARRS
SNLS

26

HSTHSC

Deep

280.01

PTF

0.1

1
10
Cadence (days)

100

1718

SN shockbreakout

KISS

Magnitude

1920
21
22
23
24
Tominaga+

250.010.1110100Time (days) @ 100Mpc* New window to study supernovae(progenitor radius/mass, explosion energy)* Tracer of star formation at high redshifts

2 degKiso 1m Schmidt
telescope~ 200 galaxies / 4deg2(< 200 Mpc)

BeforeBefore

After
1 deg
After

Kiso observatory

Anywhere
cut-out images
RefNewSub

KISS databaseStandard pipeline

sourceinfo

Transient pipeline< 10 min~ 50GB/day
cut-out images
RefNewSub

KISS interface

KISS databasesourceinfo

Amateur astronomers

NOT 2.5m (4)Kiso 1m

Hiroshima 1.5m (1)TNG 3.6m (3)Follow-up collaborationWIYN 0.9m

Akeno 0.5m

HCT 2mSwope 1m

Lulin 1m

51 SN candidates (as of 2013 May)
KISS12a

KISS12f

KISS12ktuokaer!
bdkecnouhtsyoaNst.
.
.
tey

KISS13a

KISS12b

KISS12g

KISS12l

KISS13b

KISS12c

KISS12h

KISS12m

KISS13d

KISS12d

KISS12i

KISS12n

KISS13j

KISS12e

KISS12j

KISS12q

KISS13l

Only 8 of 51 were confirmed by ourselves(additional 4 by other groups)

Synergy with 3.8m telescope• Rapid follow up• Fully utilize high speed pointing• Rapid communication (< 1 hr)(Automatic response?)• Low resolution spectroscopy(R~500, v~500 km/s)• IFU is preferredconfirmation image + spectroscopy

No Transient Left BehindTrial with 188cm/KOOLS• Coordinated observations

with Kiso and Okayama
2013 Sep - (4 nights equivalent)• Combined with other KOOLS proposals• Low-res spectroscopy for SN candidates(< 19 mag) WITHOUT DELAY~ 5 SNe (~ 0.1 shock breakout) /month
KisoOkayama

“One-click” reduction for KOOLS
Mac/Linux(Python + PyRAF)
データ提供
山中雅之さん、浮田信治さん

Summary• Frontier of transient survey• high cadence (< 1d)• KISS: Kiso Supernova Survey• 1-hr cadence survey for SN shock breakout
SN candidates so far• ~50(no shock breakout)• Synergy with 3.8m telescope• Rapid communication• Low-res spectroscopy (IFU is preferred)• Trial with 188cm/KOOLS (2013 Sep-)