ODA Reform: Five Recommendations– Moving into the 21st century-―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ –Multi-sectoral Task Force for the Reform of Japanese ODA
June 2010

ODA Reform: Five Recommendations

ODA Reform: Five Recommendations– Moving into the 21st century-―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ –About the ―Multi-sectoral Task Force for the Reform of Japanese ODA‖
Foreword (Historical perspectives and problems)
Recommendation 1: Change ―ODA‖ to ―Development Cooperation (DC)‖Recommendation 2: Strengthen ―policy capability‖ in the global arena
Recommendation 3: Enhance partnerships with diverse actors: expand thetotal resource flows to developing countries
Recommendation 4: Establish a new cooperation strategy for Asia: towards―network-based cooperation‖
Recommendation 5: Shift ―ODA public relations‖ to support for ―development
education‖

- Moving into the 21st century- ―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ -About the “Multi-sectoral Task Force for the Reform ofJapanese ODA”
We are a group of professionals who have gathered voluntarily, working in a personal capacity, inorder to think about Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) in a new era. As amulti-stakeholder group of professionals involved in ODA (including political circles, the media,
NGOs, businesses, consultant firms, academia, government and aid-implementing organizations),
we have shared our respective views on the issues associated with Japan’s ODA and its strategic
direction and discussed how to reform Japanese ODA in the future.
During 2006–2007, we also held discussion meetings and formulated the ODA Manifesto, which
included 30 proposals for the ―Year for Development 2008‖ – when the Fourth Tokyo International
Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit, and the merger
of JICA and JBIC took place. While some of the proposals were realized, overall, there has been
limited progress in implementing them.
In September 2009, the Democratic Party of Japan took power, bringing about an excellent
opportunity to fundamentally review Japan’s ODA. Under the initiative of Foreign Minister Katsuya
Okada, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs began the ODA review in early 2010. While we have great
expectations for this initiative, it is important to note that discussions in our meetings focused onJapan’s overall external cooperation strategy and necessary institutional mechanisms. Thissuggests the need to think beyond the existing legal and organizational frameworks associated withODA.
ODA Reform: Five Recommendations was compiled based on the intensive discussions at our
meetings, organized five times between February and June 2010 (with a total of about 300
participants; the topics and speakers are shown at the end of this document). The participants
expressed various opinions and ideas, and the interests of the group organizers ranged widely as
well. Overcoming such differences, we put together the recommendations with emphasis on whereto start reforms in order to transform Japan’s ODA and move into ―21st century-Development
Cooperation (DC).‖
Organizers of the “Multi-sectoral Task Force for the Reform of Japanese ODA”

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ODA Reform: Five Recommendations

Five Recommendations
Five Recommendations for Future Development Cooperation

Recommendation 1:
Change “ODA” to “Development Cooperation(DC)” Change the name Establish a strong, central function for strategicplanning
 Establish a Development Cooperation Committee
within the Diet (House of Representatives)

Recommendation 2:
Strengthen “policy capability” in the global arena

 Establish ―All-Star Teams‖ by strategic issue
 Create a think-tank function
 Mobilize policy-oriented professionals acrossorganizations

Recommendation 3:
Enhance partnerships with diverse actors:
expand the total resource flows to developing
countries
Recommendation 4:
Establish a new cooperation strategy for Asia:
towards “network-based cooperation”

 Establish a base for private-sector activities Create matching-fund mechanisms that support
private-sector initiatives

Recommendation 5:
Shift “ODA public relations” to support for“development education”

 Transfer budgets and personnel for ―ODA public
relations‖ to support for ―development education‖
 Formulate a basic policy for ―development
education‖2

 Shift to support for global public goods (software)in the entire Asian region
 Establish an intellectual network and acooperation mechanism to mobilize experts ofemerging donors on a large-scale Establish an ―Asia Development Cooperation
Forum‖

- Moving into the 21st century- ―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ -“F” Structure of Development Cooperation
National Strategy

Growth strategy
PKO

Central Function for
Strategic Planning

Development
Cooperation

ODA

Economic
partnerships
Science andtechnology
Culturalexchanges

OOF

Diet

Advisory Council(Private-sector
members)(Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, Ministry of
Finance, Ministry of
Economy, Trade andIndustry, etc.)

All-Star Teams

Ministries

Strategic Issues

Private-sector
initiatives

Partnerships

Businesses
NGOs
Universities
Local govts,
etc.

Implementing
agencies

Economic
Japan’s
and social
peace,
development security andin developing prosperity
countries(JICA, JBIC, JETRO,
etc.)

Private sector

Think tanks(Businesses, NGOs,
universities, local govts,
etc.)

Maximization oftransfer of funds,
technology andknowledge todeveloping countries

Support for development
education
Citizens’ understanding,
support and participation

ODA: Official Development Assistance
OOF: Other Official Flows3

ODA Reform: Five Recommendations

Foreword (Historical perspectives and problems)
Half a century has passed since Official Development Assistance (ODA) was initiated after WorldWar II. With the end of the Cold War and the progress of globalization, the environment surrounding
ODA has dramatically changed. ODA under the framework of the East-West confrontation becamea thing of the past. Meanwhile, the world is becoming increasingly multipolar and diversified due toglobalization and the rise of newly emerging countries. Today, the world cannot be viewed simply
from the conventional North-South framework.
While globalization has positive aspects such as accelerating the free movement of people, goods,
money and information and creating new industries and employment, it also widens thesocio-economic gaps and causes various transnational threats (such as financial crises, infectious
diseases, and global climate change). Such negative effects of globalization are severely affecting
vulnerable people in poor countries. In such an environment, global efforts to reduce poverty havebeen strengthened and the importance of sustainable growth has been reconfirmed. Furthermore,
after the Cold War, regional conflicts and civil wars between ethnicities have occurred frequently;
this has made support for peace building and post-conflict reconstruction important areas ofdevelopment assistance.
As the development agenda has changed, the actors in development assistance have beenchanging, too. Not only the traditional donors, but also emerging countries, such as China, India
and Brazil, provide development assistance. NGOs and businesses have come to play an importantrole as well. Moreover, remittances sent home by diasporas and overseas workers of developing
countries are on the rise. Now, the volume of private funds flowing into developing countries
exceeds that of ODA. This trend is likely to continue in the future.
Looking back on the past half century, Japan has made a significant contribution to the self-relianceand development of Asian countries, particularly through aid, trade and investments, building on its
dual experiences as an aid-recipient country (in the past) and a donor country. After decades, East
Asia has transformed into a growth center in the world. This is a powerful success story realized by
the hard efforts of those East Asian countries that effectively utilized Japan’s contribution, and theyshould take pride in their developmental achievements.
Regrettably, the volume of Japanese ODA, which was the world’s largest for ten years beginningfrom 1990, has fallen to fifth place (on a net disbursement basis). The ratio of Japan’s ODA to grossnational income is 0.18%, the lowest among OECD member countries. This is primarily attributable
to the country’s severe fiscal situation. However, there are some donor countries that, despite
similar fiscal stringency to Japan, are continuing to increase ODA volume in response to theenhanced global efforts to reduce poverty launched by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
The more serious problem for Japan is that the country has neglected efforts to redefine the role ofODA from the perspective of a national strategy, despite the above-mentioned drastic changes inthe environment such as globalization, the multipolarity of the world, and diversification of thedevelopment agenda and actors. Consequently, Japan continues to follow the outdated system andnotion of ODA without setting clear ODA strategies and policies suitable for the 21st century global
context. Japan’s conventional ODA framework no longer works either at home or abroad.

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- Moving into the 21st century- ―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ -In the past few years, various reforms have been attempted in Japan. These include theestablishment of the Overseas Economic Cooperation Council (OECC) chaired by the Prime
Minister in which related Cabinet ministers participate and the foundation of the new JICA, which isdesigned to implement comprehensively three ―tools,‖ namely, grant aid, technical cooperation andloan aid (so-called yen loans). Regrettably, the OECC has not yet performed its envisaged strategicplanning functions, and, at the moment, there is no national consensus on the basic strategy anddirection of ODA. Furthermore, many issues remain unsolved, including the implementation system
and approaches to ODA and the communication ability to transmit Japan’s messages to the world.
The key challenges faced by Japan’s ODA can be summarized as follows:(1) Disconnection with Japan’s overall national strategy and deficiency of systems andfunctions necessary for strategic planning;(2) Decline in international competitiveness and defeat in global power politics;(3) Insufficient partnerships among various actors such as businesses and NGOs;(4) Absence of a cooperation strategy for dynamically changing Asia (and connection withJapan’s growth strategy); and(5) Insufficient understanding and stagnant support from citizens.
With regard to the vision and motive for development assistance, there is always debate over―global interest vs. national interest.‖ However, the two are not conflicting concepts, because global
integration is increasing interdependence among people and countries. Japan’s peace andprosperity are dependent on those of developing countries, and contribution to their development
benefits Japan and the world as well. Japan should regard its support to developing countries asinvestments in the future. We should not forget that it is impossible to attain the goal of peace andprosperity for developing countries, and those for Japan and for the world—unless we support andcooperate with the initiatives by (the people in) developing countries to tackle problems and achievesustainable development.
We need to review Japan’s ODA from a future-oriented perspective while taking into account the
dynamic changes occurring globally. With the progress of globalization, the development agenda
and actors involved in development assistance have diversified, requiring speedy response andeffective communication power. Moreover, the 21st century has seen the emergence of new power
politics, and the importance of soft power is increasing under the global partnership framework. To
make meaningful contributions to the international community, Japan should drastically reorganize
the conventional concept, budget, systems for policy formulation and implementation, andcollaboration approaches related to ODA and create new ones that are suitable for 21st-century―Development Cooperation (DC)‖. The critical issue we should address is how to create a ―win-win‖situation for Japan and for the world, building on the assets that have accumulated through Japan’s
past ODA activities.

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ODA Reform: Five Recommendations

Recommendation 1: Change “ODA” to “Development Cooperation(DC)”
The conventional concept of ―ODA,‖ in which the governments of developed countries (official)provide aid (assistance) for the economic development (development) of developing countries, has
become a thing of the past. Under accelerating globalization, the 21st century is an era when avariety of actors, such as governments, businesses, NGOs and universities, join hands(cooperation) with the governments of developing countries and international organizations toresolve various international development issues, including peace building and climate change.
This century is also an era when newly emerging countries take part in next-generation cooperation
as responsible partners on the basis of their recent experiences as aid-recipient countries.
We need to break away from the concept of ―ODA‖ and create a ―Development Cooperation‖
concept that is suitable for the 21st century. In ―Development Cooperation‖ for a new era, various
actors cooperate with each other as equal partners by bringing respective strengths, while keeping
in mind their common goal to support the development of developing countries. ―Development
Cooperation‖ is based on the concept of a partnership in which the public sector supports private
sector initiatives. To embody ―Development Cooperation,‖ there is a need to formulate an external
cooperation strategy that is supported by the sympathy and trust of various actors as an integral
part of the national strategy. Moreover, the role of ―Development Cooperation‖ should be clarified in
the external cooperation strategy from a cross-cutting perspective. To this end, a powerful strategicplanning function should be established at the center of the government. Development cooperation
should be deliberated in the Diet by politicians who represent citizens. We strongly support theactivities of the House of Councilors on ―the Special Committee on ODA and Related Matters‖ since
its establishment in 2006. In the future, it is important that the whole Diet, including the House ofRepresentatives, work on development cooperation.
 Change the name
―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ shall be used, replacing the term ―ODA.‖ This means that various actors
cooperate with each other, as equal partners, for the development of developing countries. The term
―ODA‖ shall not be used (for example, the ODA Charter shall be changed to the DC Charter, and the ODA
budget to the DC budget).
 Establish a strong, central function for strategic planning
A strategic planning function shall be established in the Cabinet to oversee overall external cooperation
activities, including ODA and OOF, as an integral part of the national strategy. This central strategicplanning function shall clarify the role of ―Development Cooperation‖ in the government’s external
cooperation strategy (growth strategy, PKO, economic partnerships, science and technology, etc.) anddetermine a basic policy framework for development cooperation, coherent with the international
environment and development issues, etc. Under this policy framework, the central strategic planning
function shall decide priority issues and regions, formulate global partnership strategies regarding―Development Cooperation,‖ and direct and supervise the related budgets and operations. To effectively
perform these functions, an Advisory Council consisting of private-sector members with knowledge ofdomestic and international affairs shall be established; a powerful secretariat shall be also established.
 Establish a Development Cooperation Committee within the Diet (House of Representatives)
To strengthen the ability of the Diet (citizens) to check government activities, a Development Cooperation
Committee shall be established within the House of Representatives. The committee shall be charged withdeliberation on the policies for development cooperation, annual budgets (by region, by issue, etc.), andother related matters. The conventional budgets by aid scheme shall be reorganized into budgets by issue
and by region.

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- Moving into the 21st century- ―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ -Recommendation 2: Strengthen “policy capability” in the global arena
In an era of globalization, the issues faced by the international community are increasingly complex
and intertwined, requiring speedy and comprehensive response through global partnership as well
as global communication ability. This ―policy capability‖ in the global arena is the key element topower politics in the 21st century. At the same time, there is also a need to strengthen ―policy
capability to effectively resolve the issues faced by individual developing countries,‖ such as poverty
reduction, peace building and sustainable growth.
If Japan wishes to take an intellectual leadership role in solving global problems faced by theinternational community of the 21st century, as well as problems faced by individual developing
countries, Japan must drastically strengthen its global ―policy capability.‖ It is important for Japan tobe actively involved in the global development agenda by leveraging its strengths. To enhance
global ―policy capability,‖ Japan must be engaged in global rule-making and policy-making for all
strategic issues. This requires working across vertical organizations and taking a morecomprehensive approach that goes beyond the present way of cooperation based on individual
projects and assistance ―tools.‖ There is an urgent need to establish goal-oriented, policy-making
functions and to support platforms that mobilize human resources, knowledge and funds for all
strategic issues.
 Establish “All-Star Teams” by strategic issue
An organization and function shall be established as an intellectual hub (a consortium ofmulti-stakeholders including ministries and agencies, universities, the private sector, etc.) for each of theselected strategic issues (specified by the central strategic planning function), and ―All-Star Teams‖ shallbe organized, made up of people who are actively involved in the rule- and policy-making of the global
development agenda and intellectual dissemination. The government shall provide budgets and asecretariat to support them.
 Create a think-tank function
To provide intellectual support for ―All-Star Teams‖ organized by strategic issue, a think tank or an
intellectual network shall be established, based on the existing research institutes including the JICA
Research Institute. The think tank or intellectual networks shall formulate and disseminate international
development policies from a longer-term perspective. To support the think tank function, a platform thatmobilizes public and private funds for policy research shall be established, and active efforts will be madeto mobilize funds from abroad and to form intellectual collaboration with international organizations andoverseas research institutes.
 Mobilize policy-oriented professionals across organizations
Private-sector personnel with expertise (members of the above ―All-Star Teams‖) shall be assigned at the
government’s policy-making posts. It is important to nurture and train policy-oriented professionals who
possess expertise and are capable of taking intellectual leadership on debates in the international
community.

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ODA Reform: Five Recommendations

Recommendation 3: Enhance partnerships with diverse actors:
expand the total resource flows to developing
countries
The actors engaged in international development include not only the central government, but alsoprivate businesses, NGOs, universities and local governments. Over the past years, efforts havebeen made to establish frequent dialogues and partnerships among these actors. However, they
have been aimed essentially at ―increasing opportunities for other actors to participate in the ODA
framework,‖ and it seemed more like ―competing for a shrinking pie,‖ or ODA. To fulfill the basic goalof supporting global development, it is crucial to maximize the transfer of total resources, including
funds, technology and knowledge, to developing countries. We should not ―compete for a piece ofthe pie,‖ but ―expand the entire pie‖ by increasing various human and financial resources bound fordeveloping countries. To this end, it is important that the basic policy framework for development
cooperation be shared among all the actors concerned.
In recent years, private-sector actors have come to exert significant influence on international
development in terms of their funding size and speedy response, as symbolized by the progress of
public-private partnerships (PPP), the emergence of the base of pyramid (BOP) business and thesocial business, the huge financial contributions by private foundations and NGOs’ activities. NGOs
have strengths in providing grassroots-level support, such as education, health and ruraldevelopment, and they serve as the key point of contact with citizens. Meanwhile, by creating
growth and employment, business activities are indispensable for sustainable development ofdeveloping countries. It is necessary to fundamentally review the existing division of responsibilities
between the public and private sectors in international development and to establish a base forvarious private-sector actors to work on development cooperation by leveraging the strengths of therespective actors.

 Establish a base for private-sector activities
To promote the expansion of private business activities in developing countries, overseas investment
loans for high-risk regions and countries, including Africa, should be resumed at the earliest possible date.
Support measures for the BOP business should be also introduced.
 Create matching-fund mechanisms that support private-sector initiatives
Matching-funds and other innovative funding mechanisms should be created to support private-sector
actors (NGOs, universities, local governments, businesses, etc.) that are engaged in strategic issues ondevelopment. Building on equal partnerships between public-private sectors, not on the traditional
contractual relationship, such funding mechanisms shall promote private-sector initiatives with thecommon goal of development by bringing the wisdom and strengths of various private-sector actors in
respective areas.

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- Moving into the 21st century- ―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ -Recommendation 4: Establish a new cooperation strategy for Asia:
towards “network-based cooperation”
As a result of their remarkable growth, Asian countries have come to face complex andsophisticated development challenges. The traditional cooperation strategy, under which thedevelopment of infrastructure and human resources supported by ODA played a catalytic role inpromoting private-sector investments and trade in these countries, has become a thing of the past.
Japan should reconsider its cooperation strategy for Asia, taking into account the changes that haveoccurred in the past half century. In emerging countries, the private sector and complementary OOF
are becoming the main players in financial cooperation and merchandized trade. Nevertheless,development cooperation will continue to have an important role in the areas where market
mechanisms do not fully work, including the support for policy formulation, institutional building andhuman resources development. Development cooperation in Asia should pay greater attention topolicy and institutional building support. Japan should shift its cooperation strategy from thedevelopment of stand-alone infrastructure projects to support for comprehensive systems, policy
and institutional building, with infrastructure as an integral part. To this end, intellectual networks
must be constructed within and outside Japan. In the long-run, this will be the most powerfulelement of Japan’s growth strategy.
Japan should also promote network-based cooperation in partnership with Asian countries (theoriginal ASEAN member countries, China, South Korea, etc.), by mobilizing experts from thesecountries. These Asian countries have transformed from developing countries to emerging donors
by utilizing ODA effectively. By using the assets accumulated through its past ODA to Asia andworking with emerging donors as key players, Japan should lead the shift from the conventional
cooperation designed to create ―something from nothing‖ to the next-generation development
cooperation intended to create ―more from something.‖ Furthermore, Japan should build acooperative mechanism for supporting developing regions and countries, including the latecomer
ASEAN members and Africa, in partnership with Asian emerging donors that have recent
aid-recipient experience. This mechanism must go beyond the existing framework to include
patterns such as South-South cooperation and third-country training.

 Shift to support for global public goods (software) in the entire Asian region
Japan’s cooperation strategy for Asia should shift from support for stand-alone infrastructure projects to
support for ―comprehensive systems,‖ ―operations and management,‖ ―policy formulation‖ and―institutional building.‖ To this end, ―country partnership plans‖ should be formulated with all-Japan,
multi-stakeholder participation, giving due consideration to connection with Japan’s growth strategy.
 Establish an intellectual network and a cooperation mechanism to mobilize experts of emerging
donors on a large scale
Japan shall establish a network and a cooperation mechanism to mobilize experts from Asian and otheremerging donors on a large scale, in addition to Japanese experts, to support developing countries. As afirst step, Japan should build an intellectual network based on the knowledge and human assets
accumulated through its ODA activities in Asia and publish documents, in English, about the development
experiences of emerging countries. Funding mechanisms must also be established, by strategic issue, tomobilize experts and organizations in Asian emerging countries (the funds shall be contributed to the ―Asia
Development Cooperation Forum‖ described in the next paragraph).

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ODA Reform: Five Recommendations

 Establish an “Asia Development Cooperation Forum”
To share the dynamism of emerging donors and Japan’s experiences, the Japanese government shouldtake leadership in launching a loose and flexible development cooperation forum (as a place for
information exchange and policy coordination), consisting of representatives from ASEAN+3. The forum
would be the intellectual network and the cooperation mechanism described above. It would mobilize
experts and organizations of Asian emerging countries.

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- Moving into the 21st century- ―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ -Recommendation 5: Shift “ODA public relations” to support for“development education”
From the perspective of Japanese citizens, what is needed now is not short-term advertisement or
ODA public relations but increased opportunity to understand the integration and theinter-dependence of the world and to think about ―Japan in the world.‖ It is necessary to increase
opportunities for individual citizens to think about the environment surrounding Japan, the need fordevelopment cooperation, etc. from a grass-roots perspective. ODA public relations can continue,
putting greater emphasis on simple and clear explanations of the evaluation results of cooperative
projects from the perspectives of transparency and accountability. However, in the future, larger
budgets and more human resources should be allocated for supporting development education.
From a long-term perspective, it is indispensable to enhance the quality and quantity of―development education.‖ Development education is essential for nurturing citizens who support
development cooperation and engage themselves in related activities. In addition, there is a need toestablish financial and other support systems for citizen-led development education and thegrassroots-level activities that are already taking place nationwide. Furthermore, there is a need toformulate an overall policy for development education. Currently, the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
and JICA are respectively providing Education for International Understanding, Environmental
Education and Education for Sustainable Development and ODA public relations in accordance with
their own ideas. This situation must be changed.

 Transfer budgets and personnel for “ODA public relations” to support for “development
education”
To promote citizen-led development education, higher budgets and more personnel for ODA shall betransferred to support for ―development education.‖ Formulate the basic policy for “development education”
A forum shall be created where related ministries and agencies, implementing organizations, NGOs, etc.
discuss development education. This forum shall formulate the basic policy for development education
and relevant action plans.

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ODA Reform: Five Recommendations

Topics and speakers (with the job titles at the time)
1st meeting:―Perspective of Thinking about ODA in the New Era‖ (February 24, 2010)
Nobuhiko Suto:
Member of the House of Representatives, Democratic Party ofJapan
Mitsuya Araki:
President, The International Development Journal Co., Ltd.
Masaki Inaba:
Executive Director, Ugoku/Ugokasu (GCAP Japan)

2nd meeting:―Citizen-Led International Cooperation – Recommendations for Partnerships with
Multi-stakeholders‖ (March 30, 2010)
Yukihisa Fujita:
Director-General, International Department of the Democratic
Party of Japan, Member of the House of Councilors
Hiroshi Sato:
Chief Senior Economist, Trade and Economic Cooperation
Department, Public Private Partnership Team, Japan External
Trade Organization (JETRO)

3rd meeting:―International Cooperation Policy and the Role of Politics‖ (April 22, 2010)
Atsushi Shibazaki: Researcher, Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defense,
Special Committee on Official Development Assistance,
House of Councilors
Keizo Takemi:
Professor, Tokai University; Senior Fellow, Japan Center forInternational Exchange

4th meeting:―Citizens’ Participation and Understanding – Towards Open International
Cooperation‖ (May 12, 2010)
Tadashi Inuzuka: Member of the House of Councilors, Democratic Party of Japan
Eno Nakamura:
Executive Director, Development Education Association andResource Center (DEAR)
Ken Isaji:
Correspondent, Head of NEWS ZERO, Nippon Television

5th meeting:―Cooperation Strategy for Asia‖ (June 8, 2010)
Kaname Tajima: Member of the House of Representatives, Democratic Party ofJapan
Kenichi Ohno:
Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

Organizers of the ―Multi-sectoral Task Force for the Reform of Japanese ODA‖
Shinji Asanuma:
Visiting Professor, Hitotsubashi University
Mitsuya Araki:
President, The International Development Journal Co., Ltd.
Masaki Inaba:
Executive Director, Ugoku/Ugokasu (GCAP Japan)
Asako Osaki:
Development Policy and Gender Specialist
Ryu Fukui:Manager, Tokyo Development Learning Center, The World Bank
Takumo Yamada:
Advocacy Manager, Oxfam Japan
Masahiko Kojima:
Special Assistant, Office of the President, Japan International Cooperation Agency
Izumi Ohno:
Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

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- Moving into the 21st century- ―Development Cooperation (DC)‖ -Secretariat ―Multi-sectoral Task Force for the Reform of Japanese ODA‖
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) Development Forum

The main points of discussions and materials distributed at the meetings can be viewed on thewebsite of GRIPS Development Forum: http://www.grips.ac.jp/forum/2010/ODAMT10/oda2.htm

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