November 13, 2012
Asian Network of Major Cities 21
Promotion of Environmentally Sound Waste
Management and Resource Recycling

Solid Waste Reduction
Efforts in Hachioji

Shota Fuku
Environment Division

Introduction of HachiojiAbout Hachioji

TokyoHachioji
JapanHachioji City・Population:
・Land area:

560,000
186 km²

Hachioji Festival

About Hachioji
Tokyo Kokeshi Dolls

市の花 ヤマユリ

Mt. TakaoHachioji Weaving

Basic Objective ⇒ Recycling-based City – Hachioji
 Conceptual image of a recycling-based city

Injection ofnatural resources

Priority 1: Reduce

Reduction of natural
resource consumption

Production

Priority 3: Recycle

Treatment(incineration,recycling, etc.)

Consumption/Use

Disposal
Priority 2: Reuse

Used for energy

Priority 4:
Energy recovery

Landfilldisposal

Priority 5:
Appropriate disposal

1. Charging of fees for waste services anddoor-to-door waste collection.
2. Expansion of plastic recycling anddoor-to-door collection of recyclables.

Solid waste conditions prior toimplementation of fees
Volume of Collected Waste(combustible + incombustible)
150,000t
130,000t
110,000t⇒Volume of waste
trending upward.

90,000t
70,000t
50,000t
30,000t
10,000t

1994

1997

20002003

Solid waste conditions prior toimplementation of fees Final disposal site problems①Yatozawa Landfill②
Futatsuzuka Landfill

Landfilling
begun

1994

1998

Landfilling
ended

1998

⇒③????

⇒2014 (planned)

A site for the next landfill
cannot be located.

Current disposal sites
must be used for as
long as possible.

Futatuszuka Final Disposal Site

In order to reduce waste① Implementation of fees for waste services⇒Increases awareness in
reducing waste.
② Door-to-door waste collection⇒Accountability for people
generating waste.

① Implementing fees for waste(designated collection bag system) Waste must be put out in speciallydesignated bags (that must be purchased).
Fees increase with more waste.
For 1 bag
 For 2 bags
 For 3 bags

¥37×1 bag ＝¥37×2 bags ＝¥37×3 bags ＝



¥ 37
¥ 74
¥ 111

↓


In order to pay lower fees, people are more consciousof reducing waste.
Cost of trash bags
5-liter

10-liter

20-liter

40-liter

¥9

¥18

¥37

¥75

Designated collection bag(for combustibles)② Door-to-door waste collection
 Effect⇒Accountability for people generating waste

Old system
Drop-off points
・Impossible to know who put outtrash.
・Increase in trash rule violations.

New system
Door-to-door collection⇒

・ Can see who put out trash.
・People are conscious of others
seeing their trash.
・More awareness in separating trash.

Citizens’ opinions prior to implementation
What will you do withtrash that is not put
out in the designatedbags?

Won’t there be
an increase intrash violations?

What will
happen for
trash frombusinesses?

Won’t illegal
dumping
increase?

Opinions fromcitizens

What will you
do with theincome earned
from fees?

Why are you
charging forsomething that has
always been free?

Preparations for implementation
 To gain the understanding of citizens: A total of 1,700 information sessions held.
 Questionnaires given.
 To sell the designated trash bags:
 Requests made to stores in the city.
 To create collection routes:
 Confirmed where each household puts outtrash.

Post-implementation conditions
 Frequent trash rule violations
 Increased illegal dumping

 To garnerunderstanding:

Visits to each householdto give explanations.

Cooperation withsuperintendent/
caretaker of apartmentbuildings.

 Delay in collection time Forgotten collections

Implementation results
Volume of Collected Waste(combustible + incombustible)
140,000t
120,000t⇒ Approx. 30%
reduction in waste
volume.

100,000t
80,000t
60,000t

129,150t

112,582t
82,832t

40,000t
20,000t
0t
2003

2004

2005

Fee charged from OctoberImplementation results
Change in Volume of Collected Recyclables
35,000t
30,000t
25,000t⇒Volume ofrecyclables
doubled.

20,000t
15,000t
10,000t

16,510t

23,603t30,249t

2003
2003年

2004
2004年

2005
2005年

5,000t0t
Fee charged from OctoberImplementation results
Landfill Volume
20,000t
15,000t
10,000t

17,738t

16,275t⇒ Landfill volume
reduction
13,942t

5,000t
0t
2003

2004

Fee charged from October2005

1. Charging of fees for waste services anddoor-to-door waste collection.
2. Expansion of plastic recycling anddoor-to-door collection of recyclables.

Conditions prior to implementation
Volume of Collected Waste

Combustible

Incombustible

120,000t
100,000t

Waste volume

80,000t

remains level.

60,000t↓
Volume must be

40,000t

reduced further.

20,000t0t2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Fee charged

Conditions prior to implementation
Composition Analysis Results of Incombustible Waste(2008)
Other
31.3%

Metal8.1%Plastic60.6%⇒ Reducing the amount ofplastic is an issue.

To further reduce waste① Expansion of plastic recycling⇒ Increases the volume of plastic recycling.

②Door-to-door collection of recyclables⇒ Facilitates putting out recyclables.

① Expansion of plastic recycling Establishment of plastic recycling center

Treatment capacity: 40t of plastic/day and 12t of PET bottles/day

① Expansion of plastic recycling
Increasing the types ofcollected plastic items

So that more plastic
can be recycled.

beforeafter②Door-to-door collection of recyclables
Old system
Drop-off points

New systemDoor-to-door collection

・Impossible to know who put
・Can see who put out items.
out trash.
⇒ ・Easy to put out.
・Must transport to a distant・Decrease in illegal dumping.
location.
・Contributes to illegaldumping.

Implementation results
Volume of Collected Incombustible Waste
20,000t
 Incombustible

waste reduced byhalf.

15,000t

10,000t

19,765t
14,446t

5,000t8,219t

0t
2009
2009年

2010
2010年
Recycling expandedfrom October

2011
2011年

Implementation results
Recycled Volume
Otherresources
その他資源35,000

Plasticプラスチック Recyclables

30,00032,209t
25,00020,00025,559t

2009
2009年

28,619t

2010
2010年

2011
2011年

Recycling expanded from Octoberincreased by30%.

Collection byCommunity Groups

Flow of collection by groupsGroup①Collect

Wholesaler

Collection company②Transport③Receive

For example, if 1 ton of newspaper is collected:④Report⑤Subsidy
×City

1t ofnewspaper

Subsidy unit
price=¥8 per 1 kg
¥8,000Effects of group collection
 Through activities, bonds within the group growstronger.
 Since the groups collect waste on their own, there ismore awareness about separating trash.

Photo provided by Japan Steel Can Recycling Association

Volume of recyclables from group collection
Comparison of Recycling
Volumes
40,000t
35,000t
30,000t
25,000t
20,000t
15,000t
10,000t
5,000t0t34,161t

 Accounts for 24% ofoverall resource recycling
volume.
10,851t

 Contributes greatly torecycling.
Government
collection

Group collection

Awareness-raising Activities

Separation handbook and collection calendar
Collection Calendar
Dividing the city into 19 districts, thecollection dates for each district are
shown on this calendar.

Separation Handbook
This handbook describes trash
separation methods and the proper
way to put out trash. It is distributed
to each household in Hachioji.

Educational books for children andpublic information newsletters
Special Issue for Reducing Waste
Awareness on trash separation andreduction is encouraged through city
public relations.

Little Shuta the Garbage Truck
Used at preschools and elementary schools inthe city for environmental education.

Future issues
1. Reduction and recyclingof kitchen waste

2. Complete eliminationof landfill disposal waste

Composition Analysis Results ofCombustible Waste (2011)

Landfill Disposal Volume
500t
400t

Other
31%

Kitchen
waste
44%

300t
200t

449t
220t

100t

Paper
25%0t0t
201120172022

Thank you for your attention.