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USING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION TO ENHANCE SKILLSDEVELOPMENT, JOB CREATION, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ZIMBABWE
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)TECHNOPOLICY BRIEF NO. 70
Nicholas Ozor
Alfred Nyambane

USING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND
INNOVATION TO ENHANCE SKILLSDEVELOPMENT, JOB CREATION AND
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ZIMBABWE

Nicholas Ozor
Alfred Nyambane

African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)AFR IC

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The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) isa transdisciplinary network of researchers, policymakers,
private sector actors and the civil society promoting thegeneration, dissemination, use and mastery of Science,
Technology and Innovations (STI) for African development,
environmental sustainability and global inclusion. In
collaboration with like-minded institutions, ATPS provides
platforms for regional and international research andknowledge sharing in order to build Africa’s capabilities in
STI policy research, policymaking and implementation forsustainable development.

AFR IC

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Published by the African Technology
Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
P. O. Box 10081, 00100- GPO,
Nairobi, Kenya©2024
ISBN: 978-9966-124-66-1

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

Table of Contents
About the Project ......................................................................... iv
About Africa Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS).............. v
Acknowledgement........................................................................ vi
Key Messages............................................................................... vii
1. Introduction ............................................................................ 1
2. Rationale for STI application in Youth Employment ................ 3
3. Methodology .......................................................................... 5
4. Major Findings......................................................................... 6
4.1 STI Policies and Programmes for Youth Employment in 		
Zimbabwe ....................................................................... 6
4.2 STI institutional framework for youth employment in
Zimbabwe ....................................................................... 9
4.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Youth Employment in
Zimbabwe ........................................................................ 11
4.4 Best Practices and Impacts for Youth Employment in
Zimbabwe ....................................................................... 12
5. Conclusion............................................................................... 24
6. Policy Recommendations........................................................ 25
References............................................................................... 28
ATPS TechnoPolicy Briefs Series............................................... 29

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabweiii

About the ProjectThis project was launched amid Africa’s burgeoning youth population,offering immense potential for productivity and inclusive economic
growth. However, a significant portion of this demographic faces
unemployment challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic,
necessitating sustainable solutions through effective policy
interventions and institutional strengthening. Focusing on Ethiopia,
Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, theinitiative reviews Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policies
to understand the current landscape, identify successes and failures,and provide evidence-based insights for decision-making in criticalsectors for youth employment and wealth creation. Aligned with
continental strategies such as the Agenda 2063 and initiatives
such as the Mastercard Foundation’s Young Africa Workss trategy and the Afreximbank’s campaign for young people’s
participation in the implementation of the African Continental Free
Trade Area (AfCFTA) and youth mainstreaming in policy
engagements and cross-regional dialogues among others, theproject aims to inform policymaking and foster stronger linkages
among stakeholders to address youth unemployment, skills
development, and entrepreneurship. Through rigorous researchand stakeholder engagements, the project is catalyzing
evidence-based policy discussions and contributing to theformulation of effective strategies for job creation and youth
empowerment across Africa.

iv

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

About Africa Technology Policy Studies
Network (ATPS)
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is atransdisciplinary network of researchers, policymakers, private sector
actors and civil society promoting the generation, dissemination,
use and mastery of STI for African development, environmental
sustainability and global inclusion. ATPS has over 5,000
members and 3,000 stakeholders in over 51 countries in 5
continents with institutional partnerships worldwide. We
implement our programs through members in national chaptersestablished in 30 countries (27 in Africa and 3 Diaspora chapters inAustralia, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom). In
collaboration with like-minded institutions, ATPS provides
platforms for regional and international research and knowledge
sharing in order to build Africa’s capabilities in STI policy
research, policymaking and implementation for sustainable
development.

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwev

Acknowledgement
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) takes thisspecial opportunity to thank Afreximbank for partnering with us andfunding this study. Special thanks to the respondents and the ATPS
Network in Zimbabwe for their contributions to this study.

vi

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

Key Messages• The government of Zimbabwe recognises the important role of
Science Technology, and Innovation (STI) in stimulating economic
growth through the provision of skills, enabling technologicalinnovation and enhancing entrepreneurship hence creating jobs
for the youth and marginalised groups. It has therefore enacted
policies and established institutions to ensure STI development
and mainstreaming across all priority sectors.
• Zimbabwe just like other developing countries has highunemployment rates, particularly among young people. This ispartially due to overreliance on traditional sectors of the economy
such as agriculture which can only absorb a small proportion of thegrowing youth population. Increasing access to quality educationand training, particularly in rural areas can unlock the potential of
the youth to develop the skills and knowledge needed to succeedin the modern economy.
• Regional collaboration especially with Common Market for
Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), in hosting Innovation
Awards, has directly enhanced the recognition and support ofyoung entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe and has led to the attraction offoreign investors irrespective of the implementation of the rather
controversial empowerment and indigenisation policies.
• The Zimbabwean economy is predominantly informal, accounting
for more than 60% of total GDP. By streamlining the process ofregistering a firm, lowering taxes on small businesses, and providing
incentives to companies that hire young people, the government
can diversify the economy and allow more contributions fromyoung entrepreneurs. This will also assist in lowering bureaucratic
hurdles to entrepreneurship, encouraging experimentation andinnovation, and eventually expanding possibilities for youth andmarginalized populations.
Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwevii

viii Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

1. Introduction
Zimbabwe has a population of approximately 15 million1 people.
The overall unemployment rate is currently 5.3% and is projected
to trend around 5.5% in 2023 and 5.6% in 20242. The country has
implemented several economic blueprints aimed at promoting
sustainable economic growth, employment, wealth creation,national development and poverty alleviation, albeit achieving
subpar results. It has over the years failed to achieve sustainableeconomic growth, and the macroeconomic environment has largely
been volatile (Ministry of Finance and Economic Development,2019), with severe socio-economic challenges like unemployment,poverty, poor service delivery in urban areas and high inflation
among many others. Cognizant of the failures of the past blueprints,
the government, under the new dispensation sought to deal withthe many economic challenges that have bedevilled the country by
coming up with the Transitional Stabilization Program (TSP) that ran
from October 2018 to December 2020. The TSP was deeply rooted
in austerity measures as a means to achieving macroeconomic andfinancial stability which are undoubtedly prerequisites for sustainableeconomic development. Notable achievements of the TSP include
fiscal consolidation, external sector balance and exchange ratestability. However, the program failed to achieve economic growth
rates of above 5% and failed to address the everyday socioeconomic
challenges faced by citizens.
Building from the TSP and taking note of its failures, the Government
launched the National Development Strategy 1 (NDS1) in November
2020 which was to run from January 2021 to 2025 under the theme“Towards a Prosperous and Empowered Upper Middle-Income
Society by 2030.”
1
2

https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ZWE/zimbabwe/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/zimbabwe/unemployment-rate#:~:text=Unemployment%20Rate%20in%20Zimbabwe%20
is,macro%20models%20and%20analysts%20expectations

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

1

The NDS1 is aimed at realising the country’s Vision 2030 whichsets priority on economic growth and stability, food and nutrition
stability, governance, human capital development, housing delivery,
health and well-being, and devolution among others. To achievethis, the government has enacted other support policies including
Zimbabwe’s second policy on Science and Technology of 2012 which
incorporates Innovation to underscore the general expectation that
activities and products of innovative nature have a strong likelihoodof success in enhancing job creation and subsequently socioeconomic
development, especially among the youth and marginalised groups.
Other policies and institutions that have been developed andimplemented are discussed in this document.

2

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

2. Rationale for STI application
for skills development and youth
employment
The overall unemployment rate in Zimbabwe was 5.42 million in
2020, while the rate of youth unemployment was 33.5%, highlighting
the need for innovative approaches to address the issue (Zimbabwe
National Statistics Agency [ZIMSTAT], 2020). There is a growing
proportion of youth lacking basic work skills which correlates
to unprecedented levels of young people who are out of work or
underemployed. The lack of job opportunities is due to the country’s
struggling economy, which has been characterized by low growthand high inflation rates. Limited foreign investment, inadequate
infrastructure, and political instability are some of the other factors
contributing to the economic challenges. The quality of educationand training is a significant challenge including inadequate funding,limited access to education, and insufficient infrastructure.
In addition, the mismatch between the skills acquired by graduates
and those required by employers is a significant concern, as it limits
young people’s employability. Access to finance is also a significant
challenge for young people in the country, limiting their ability tostart businesses or pursue entrepreneurship. The country’s banking
sector is characterized by limited credit availability and high lending
rates, making it difficult for young entrepreneurs to access finance(Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, 2020). Discrimination and inequality inthe job market are prevalent, with young people from disadvantaged
backgrounds being the most affected. Women and rural youth
face higher rates of unemployment and underemployment.
Discrimination based on social status, ethnicity, and gender is also
a significant concern (International Labour Organization [ILO],
2020a). It is hoped that Science Technology and Innovation (STI)
can significantly reduce these challenges by providing systems that
Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe3

can minimise discrimination and increase access to training andeducation. The government needs to prioritize investment in skills
development, entrepreneurship, and innovation to address thechallenges facing young people. These efforts will cut down theemigration of young people to other countries in search of better
opportunities, contributing to a “brain drain” phenomenon.

4

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

3. Methodology
This policy brief was developed from a study on STI policies andinstitutions and stakeholder mapping and analysis for technologicalinnovation, skills development, youth employment andentrepreneurship that was conducted in seven sub-Saharan African(SSA) countries including Rwanda. Both qualitative and quantitative
data were collected through desk studies, key informant interviews,
online surveys as well as focus group discussions. The respondents
were drawn from five stakeholder categories (Government/Policy
makers, Private sector/industry, Civil Society/NGOs, Research andDevelopment Partners/Media). The respondents were selected
carefully to ensure inclusivity and gender balance to ensure thatyouth and other marginalised groups’ voices were also included.

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

54. Major Findings
The findings of the study in Zimbabwe are discussed below. The STI
policies, institutions, best practices, challenges and opportunities forskills development, youth employment and entrepreneurship arehighlighted.
4.1 STI Policies and Programmes for Youth Employment in Zimbabwe
The NDS1 recognizes the importance of technological innovationin driving economic growth and development. It aims to leverage
digital technologies to enhance efficiency and productivity in various
sectors of the economy, including agriculture, health, education, andfinance. To achieve this, the government has prioritized investment
in digital infrastructure, including broadband networks and data
centres, and the establishment of a digital economy policy to guidethe development of the sector. As of 2022, Zimbabwe’s mobile
phone penetration rate was 86%, and the country had 7.7 million
internet users, indicating progress towards achieving the strategy’s
goals for digital infrastructure. NDS1 prioritizes investment in
human capital development through education and skills training
to improve employability. The strategy aims to equip young people
with relevant skills that are in demand in the labour market, witha particular focus on TVETs. To this end, the government has madesignificant investments in the expansion of TVET institutions toprovide relevant skills training for young people (USAID, 2018). For
example, the Harare Institute of Technology has been establishedto provide training in areas such as engineering, information andcommunication technology, and biotechnology (Chikowore, 2019).
The Zimbabwean government has established several initiatives topromote entrepreneurship and innovation among young people,
including the Zimbabwe Youth Council and the Youth Empowerment
and Transformation Trust (YETT) (UNCTAD, 2017). The YETT
provides business training, mentorship, and funding for young
6

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

entrepreneurs, while the Zimbabwe Youth Council supports thedevelopment of youth-led businesses and startups (UNCTAD, 2017).
STI implementation has led to investment in the development of
renewable energy sources, such as solar and hydropower, to create
job opportunities and promote sustainable economic growth (African
Development Bank [AfDB], 2021). The use of STI in the developmentof these industries can help to attract investment and create highskilled job opportunities.
Several policies and programmes have been enacted and launchedrespectively to facilitate these. For instance, the government
launched the Youth Employment Scheme (YES) to provide youth
with job opportunities in various sectors of the economy. Throughthese initiatives, the government has been creating an enabling
environment for entrepreneurship by providing access to finance,
improving the ease of doing business, and promoting innovation andcreativity. It has established a National Venture Fund to provide seedcapital to start-ups and SMEs and a One-Stop Shop Investment Centerto facilitate investment in the country. Zimbabwe’s second policy on
Science and Technology Policy of 2012, responds to the country’s
challenges and seeks to exploit its wide range of natural resources. It
calls for STI to be an active component of all national developmental
efforts in order to speed up the process. The policy aims to create a
conducive environment for scientific research and innovation, foster
the commercialization of research outputs, and increase the use oftechnology in various sectors of the economy.
The Zimbabwe National Education Policy of 2018 outlines thegovernment’s priorities and goals for improving access to educationand the quality of education in the country while the Zimbabwe
ICT Policy of 2016 outlines the government’s strategy for thedevelopment of the ICT sector by improving access to technology
for all citizens, and leverages ICT to drive economic and social
development in the country. The Zimbabwe Industrial Development
Policy (2012-2016) was enacted to improve the economy of theUsing STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

7

country by supporting the SME sector. The IDP was the government’s
blueprint that brought up some positive results which included anincrease in the number of SMEs established and the involvement ofBlack people in entrepreneurship programmes. The Indigenizationand Empowerment Policy (IEP) of 2008 on the other hand, aimed atpromoting the transfer of ownership and control of key industries andresources from foreign to local ownership, to empower Zimbabweans
and promote economic independence. The policy required that
foreign-owned companies operating in Zimbabwe transfer aminimum of 51% of their shares to local black Zimbabweans, withthe government having the power to enforce this requirement.
The Zimbabwe National Employment Policy Framework (ZiNEPF)
of 2013 aims to provide policy guidance on the development andimplementation of programs and initiatives aimed at increasing
employment opportunities and promoting decent work for all
citizens, with a particular focus on youth and women. The National
Youth Policy of 2000 seeks to ‘empower the youth by creating an
enabling environment and marshalling the resources necessary forundertaking programmes and projects to fully develop the youths’
mental, moral, social, economic, political, cultural, spiritual andphysical potential in order to improve their quality of life while theYouth Employment Policy of 2016 aimed at addressing the highlevels of unemployment among young people in the country byproviding them with the skills, knowledge, and opportunities theyneed to participate in the formal economy and secure decent work.
It addresses the structural barriers that prevent young people fromentering the workforce, such as a lack of relevant skills, limitedaccess to finance, and discrimination in the workplace. The Youth
Employment, Entrepreneurship and Empowerment Program (YEEEP)
was also launched in 2016 to empower young people by providing
training, mentorship, and funding to young entrepreneurs, resulting
in the creation of new businesses and jobs. As of 2019, the program
had trained over 21,000 young entrepreneurs and provided funding
to over 3,500 businesses, resulting in the creation of over 18,000 jobs
8

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

(Zimbabwe Youth Council, 2019). The Youth STI Entrepreneurship
Support Program (YSESIP) is a government-funded program thatprovides training and skills development opportunities to youth whoare interested in starting or growing STI businesses. The program has
supported over 1,000 youth entrepreneurs, and it is estimated thatit has created over 500 jobs.
The Public Works Program was launched in 2018 to provide temporary
employment opportunities to vulnerable groups, such as theelderly, women, and youth. The program focuses on infrastructuredevelopment and maintenance, such as road construction andrehabilitation, resulting in increased employment opportunities. The
program created over 13,000 temporary jobs in the construction andrehabilitation of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and schools,
benefiting vulnerable groups such as women, youth, and people withdisabilities (ILO, 2020b). The other critical programme is the SMEs
and Cooperatives Development established in 2018 to support thegrowth of SMEs and cooperatives by providing training, mentorship,
and funding, resulting in the creation of new businesses and jobs.
The program supported over 1,500 SMEs and cooperatives, resulting
in the creation of over 5,000 jobs. National Employment Creation
Fund was established in 2020 to provide funding to businesses andprojects that create jobs. It provides loans at low-interest rates tobusinesses and projects that demonstrate job creation potential.
According to a 2020 report by the African Development Bank (AfDB,2020), the fund has provided funding to over 60 businesses andprojects, resulting in the creation of over 2,000 jobs in sectors suchas agribusiness, manufacturing, and tourism. Some of the other key
STI policies, strategies and programmes have been highlighted inTable 1.
4.2 STI institutional framework for youth employment in Zimbabwe
Several key institutions in Zimbabwe support technologicalinnovation, entrepreneurship, skills development, and job creation.
The Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science
Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

9and Technology Development (MHTEISTD) is responsible for providing
policy guidance and direction for the development of science,technology, and innovation in Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe Innovation
and Technology Development Centre (ZITDC) is a governmentowned institution that provides support to SMEs in the technology
and innovation sectors, including training, mentorship, and accessto finance. Zimbabwe Council for Higher Education (ZIMCHE) is astatutory body that is responsible for the development, coordination,and regulation of higher education in Zimbabwe. It promotes thedevelopment of STI through research and training programs. The
Zimbabwe National Innovation Agency (ZINA) is a government agency
that promotes innovation and entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe. The
ZINA has supported several STI projects that have created jobs foryouth, including the development of a mobile app that helps farmers
sell their produce and the development of a new type of solar panelthat is more affordable and efficient.
The Research Council of Zimbabwe (RCZ) is a government agency
responsible for promoting and supporting research and development
activities. It was established in 1980 to provide a national framework
for research and development, to promote sustainable economic
growth and social development. The Council provides funding
for research projects, supports training and capacity building for
researchers, and provides a platform for the dissemination of researchfindings. It works with a range of partners, including universities,
research institutions, government agencies, and the private sector,
to promote research and development activities in Zimbabwe. The
Council also provides advice and guidance to the government on
research and development policies and programs. The other criticalinstitutions working with the government in the STI sector are theZimbabwe Academy of Sciences (ZAS), Zimbabwe Association of
Research and Development (ZARD), Small Enterprise Development
Corporation (SEDCO) and Venture Capital Company of Zimbabwe(VCCZ) among others playing various roles with different power andinfluence.
10 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

The Zimbabwe Youth Innovation Hub (ZYIH) is a non-profit organizationthat provides training and skills development opportunities to youth
in the areas of ICT, entrepreneurship, and social entrepreneurship.
The ZYIH has supported over 1,000 youth, and it is estimated thatit has created over 100 jobs. Some of the key institutions, roles andimpacts on youth employment are highlighted in Table 2.
4.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Youth Employment in
Zimbabwe
The implementation of STI for technological innovation, skills
development, entrepreneurship, and job creation for the youth has
not been without challenges in Zimbabwe. Although the government
has tried to put in place policies to support SMEs, it has failed to fundresearch and promote technological innovation efforts and has had
a low commitment to support its policies. The rationale to support
small businesses is that they have shown resilience and continued
to operate and held on in sustaining livelihoods and the economy
when the bigger corporates were in distress and most of them closed
down businesses due to economic challenges. Poor coordinationand management of key actors in the STI ecosystem have resulted ina fragmented and under-supported STI ecosystem.
One of the main issues is poor communication and coordination
among government agencies, universities, research institutions, andprivate sector organizations. This has led to duplication of efforts
and a lack of alignment in the development and implementationof STI policies and programs, lack of strong leadership and strategic
direction in the STI ecosystem, which has led to a lack of focus anddirection in the development of STI initiatives in the country. The
key actors in the National Innovation System (NIS) are not working
effectively together to support the development of new technologies
and innovations. Some of the empowerment policies as alluded
to earlier had a negative impact on attracting FDI. The Policy has
negatively affected the ability of the Zimbabwean economy to attract
foreign investment. Zimbabwe needs to come up with a strategic
Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 11

framework that aims to improve the performance of SMEs andother entrepreneurs. The development of a home-grown strategic
framework that can be used by SMEs in Zimbabwe is one of the key
economic drivers being recommended for the improvement of theperformance of entrepreneurs and can therefore, significantly create
opportunities for the youth and marginalised groups.
4.4 Best Practices and Impacts for Youth Employment in Zimbabwe
Some exemplary actions and practices that have contributed tosupporting youth employment in Zimbabwe include the developmentof a national strategy that clearly articulates the implementation
plan or matrix, emphasizing on the strong need for monitoring andevaluation of progress made has led to clarity in implementation.
By strictly adhering to the implementation plan, the achievementof ‘Vision 2030’ is increasingly becoming a reality. The translation
into different Zimbabwean languages was a positive move taking
into consideration that the previous blueprints were only available
in English. The content of the document has therefore very welldisseminated and understood by the larger Zimbabwean population.
The inclusion of commercialization of research results in the STI Policy
was also very critical for entrepreneurship and employment creationin Zimbabwe. While specific activities to stimulate commercialization
were specified in the STI policy document, implementation modalities/
institutions for these were set up only recently, spearheaded by
MHTEISTD hence generating optimism going forward.
The establishment of innovation hubs at national universities andtheir technology incubation centres and agro-industrial parks
together with the wide-spread strategic research and development(R&D) institutions serving key sectors constitute good andpotentially effective infrastructure for promoting STI in technologicalinnovation, job creation, skills development for employability andentrepreneurship.
12 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

The development and implementation of various SME policies haverevitalized the sector. SMEs play a vital role in the development of
Zimbabwe’s economy and therefore to support their growth anddevelopment, the Zimbabwean government has implemented
several policies aimed at promoting the growth of SMEs. One suchpolicy is the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic
Transformation (Zim-Asset) which outlines the government’s plansto grow the economy and create jobs through initiatives like accessto finance, business development services, and training.
The crafting of indigenous policies to redress the dominance ofmultinational companies was a noble idea. It brought up somepositive results which include an increase in the number of SMEs
established and the involvement of black people in entrepreneurshipprogrammes. However, this policy was controversial as foreign direct
investments (FDI) have diminished. Zimbabwe has been participatingin the COMESA Innovation Awards which was launched in 2013,
to recognize and celebrate individuals and institutions that haveused STI to advance the regional integration agenda. Although theinnovation awards are geared towards all innovators in MemberStates, the three main target groups are SMEs, youth and women.

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 13

14 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe- Created an enabling
environment that promotes
entrepreneurship,
innovation, and job
creation.
- Created awareness andgenerateddiscussions
around the importance ofyouth employment.

- Emphasizes the need for
qualityeducation
andtraining programs that arealigned with the demands ofthe labour market.

- Emphasizes the importanceof equipping the youth with
relevant and marketableskills.
- Seeks to address structuralbarriers
toyouth
employment, such as limitedaccess to finance, lack ofmarket information, andinadequate support systems.

Vision 2030

National
Development
Strategy 1(NDS1)- It has laid the foundationforaddressing
youth
employment
challenges
and creating opportunities
for the youth.

Impact on skills development
and youth employment

Roles in skills development
and youth employment

STI Policies andProgrammes- Establish robust monitoringand evaluation mechanisms to
track the progress and impact
of NDS1 initiatives on youth
employment. This will enable
timely adjustments and ensureaccountability in achieving thedesired outcomes.
- Provide comprehensive support
for youth entrepreneurship,including access to finance,- To further increase the impact of
Vision 2030 especially in its quest
to enhance skill development andyouth employment in Zimbabwe,
the education system needs tobe strengthened to enhance
the quality and relevance of
education and training programs
and align them with the needs ofthe labour market.

Remarks

Table 1: A summary of key STI Policies, their roles and impact on skills development and youth employment in Zimbabwe

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 15

Second Policy
on Science andTechnology of2012- Emphasizes
the
need
to
strengthenscience,technology,
engineering,and mathematics (STEM)
education at all levels.
- Encourages
increased
investment in researchand development (R&D)
activities. It recognizes
the role of research
institutions and universities
ingenerating
newknowledge, innovations, andtechnologies. By fostering
a culture of research andsupporting R&D initiatives,
the policy aims to create.

stronger
linkages- Contributed
tothe - Facilitate
betweenthescienceanddevelopment of a skilled
technology sectors and industries.
workforce with expertiseThis can be done throughin science and technology,internships, apprenticeships, andwhich has increased
industry attachment programs
employability among thethat provide practical work
youth.
experience to young graduates.
- Created
opportunities
Such initiatives can bridge the gap
for young people to start
between academic knowledge
their own businesses andand industry requirements,
generate employment forincreasing youth employability.
themselves and others.
- Establish funding mechanisms
and support schemes specificallytargeted at young scientists,
technologists, and entrepreneurs.

business development services,
mentorshipprograms,
andincubation centres. This canempower young people to start
their own businesses, create
jobs, and contribute to economic
growth.

16 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe- Emphasizes the need forrelevant and market-driven
skills that align with thedemands of the industrial
sector.
- Created an enabling
environment for industrial
development, which in turngenerates
employment
opportunities for the youth.

- It has advocated for the
integration of vocational
and technical training into
the education system, thepromotion

Industrial
Development
Policy(2012-2016)

National
Youth Policyof 2000

interventions
that- Implementation of specific - Targeted
address
specific
needs
such
initiatives,
economic
conditions,andthe as tailored skill development
availability of resources programs, access to finance andthat have led to youth market information, and support
systems and challenges faced
employment.

inindustrial- Contributed to the growth - Investmentof certain sectors and the infrastructure, including industrial
creation of employment parks, special economic zones,
opportunities among the and technology hubs can attract
investments, facilitate technology
youth.
transfer, and create employment
opportunities for young people.

Access to affordable financing is
critical for young people to turntheir ideas into viable businesses.
By providing financial support, thepolicy can encourage more youth
to pursue entrepreneurial venturesand create job opportunities.

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 17

CommandAgriculture
Program- Market linkages should be
strengthened for agricultural
products, ensuring that young
farmers have access to reliableand profitable markets.

- The program provides
training and extension
servicestofarmers
participating in the program.

- Contributed toskill
development,
youth
employment,
andtheoverall development of the
agricultural sector.

by different groups of young
people, including those in rural
areas, with disabilities, or frommarginalized backgrounds should
be developed.
- There should be increased
awareness among young people
about the opportunities andsupport available through thepolicy. This can be achieved
through effective communicationand information dissemination
channels, such as youth-friendly
websites, social media platforms,
andcommunity
outreachprograms. It is important toensure that young people areinformed about the policy’s
provisions and how they canaccess the available resources
and support.

ofentrepreneurshipeducation, and the provisionof practical skills training
programs.
- Working to address thechallenges faced by young
people in accessing decent
and productive employment
by encouraging job creation,
supporting
youth-ledenterprises, and promoting
self-employment.

18 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe- The program provides training
and extension services tofarmers participating in the
program.
This training helps farmers
acquire improved farming
techniques, knowledge aboutmodern agricultural practices,and skills related to crop
production, irrigation, andpost-harvest
management.
The acquisition of theseskills contributes to skill
development in the agricultural
sector.
Createdemployment
opportunities
withintheagricultural value chain. This
includes jobs in farming,
processing, distribution, andmarketing. Young people
have the potential to benefit
from
these
employment
opportunities, both as direct
participantsinfarming
activities and as employees inrelated industries.
This can involve establishingmarket information systems,
facilitating market connections,and supporting the developmentof farmer cooperatives or
associations that can negotiate
better prices and access bulk
markets.

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 19- Promotes entrepreneurship
Youth
among
young
peopleEmployment,
byprovidingtraining,
Entrepreneurship
mentorship, and access toandfinancial resources.
Empowerment
Program (YEEEP) - Emphasizes the importanceof skills development among
young people. It provides
training programs andcapacity-building initiatives
that equip them with
relevant and marketableskills.
- It has empowered young
people economically, foster
their entrepreneurial spirit,and contributed to thecountry’s economic growthand development.

- Establish a robust monitoringand evaluation framework toassess the program’s impact on
youth employment outcomes.
Regularly collect data, measure
key performance indicators,
and conduct evaluations to
identify successes, challenges,
and areas for improvement. This
will help inform evidence-based
decision-making and programadjustments.

20 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe- Responsible for ensuring that higher
education institutions meet andmaintain quality standards in theiracademic programs.
- Collaborates with higher education
institutions to develop curricula that arealigned with the needs of industries andthe labour market.

- Regulate the energy sector, ensuring
efficient, reliable, and sustainable energy
services for the country. However, theactivities and policies of ERA indirectly
contribute to skills development andyouth employment in the energy sector.

Zimbabwe
Council forHigher
Education (CHE)

Zimbabwe
EnergyRegulatory
Authority (ERA)

Government: Ministries, Agencies and Departments (MDAs)- ERA has led to the establishment of new energy
infrastructure, such as solar or wind farms, andthe expansion of existing energy facilities. Suchdevelopments can create job opportunities inconstruction, installation, operation, and maintenance,
thereby indirectly contributing to youth employment.
- ERA’s promotion of renewable energy sources and green
technologies can drive the adoption of sustainable energy
practices in Zimbabwe. Young people have benefitted
from these emerging employment opportunities byacquiring skills in renewable energy technologies andrelated fields- The CHE’s quality assurance processes contribute to
the provision of quality education in higher education
institutions. This ensures that graduates have therequired knowledge, skills, and competencies to enter
the job market with confidence.
- CHE has promoted the development of programs thatare responsive to industry needs. This helps graduatesacquire skills that are in demand, increasing theirchances of finding employment or starting their own
businesses.

Table 2: Summary of key institutions, their roles and impact on youth employment in Zimbabwe
STI Institutions STI Institutions Roles in skills development Impacts on skills development and youth employment
and youth employment

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 21

Zimbabwe
GenderCommission
Private Sector- Advocates for gender-responsive policies - Its efforts contributed to the mainstreaming of genderin skills development and youth employment policies
and practices in skills development
and programs. This ensures that initiatives are designed
and youth employment. It highlights
and implemented in a way that addresses gender
the importance of gender equality
disparities and promotes equal opportunities for allin accessing education, training, andyoung people, regardless of their gender.
employment opportunities; Engages incapacity-building initiatives to enhanceawareness and understanding of genderissues in skills development and youth
employment. It provides training andsensitization programs to various
stakeholders, including policymakers,
educators, employers, and young people
themselves.

- Promotes the development of a robust - Young people have been employed in various areas,
Postal andincluding customer service, technical support, networkand competitive industry while ensuring
Telecommunicaoperations, software development, and digitalconsumer protection and universal
tions Regulatory
marketing.
access to postal and telecommunications
Authority of- POTRAZ has enhanced the skills of employees inservices.
Zimbabwe
the sector. This includes both technical skills related(PORTAZ)
to telecommunications infrastructure and digitaltechnologies, as well as soft skills such as customer
service, project management, and leadership.

22 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe- The Chamber’s initiatives, such as business support
programs and mentorship, help entrepreneurs
establish and grow their businesses, resulting in thecreation of employment opportunities for the youth.

- The NECF’s policy recommendations and engagementwith policymakers influence the development ofstrategies and policies that address the challenges
faced by young people in accessing skills development
opportunities and gaining meaningful employment.
- Promotes policy coherence and alignment among
different sectors and stakeholders involved in skills
development and youth employment. Through its
discussions and recommendations, the Forum helps
identify synergies, avoid duplication of efforts, andpromote a coordinated approach.

- Advocates for policies that support skills
development and youth employment.
It engages with government authorities
and other stakeholders to influence
policies and regulations that promotebusiness growth and create an enabling
environment for skill acquisition and job
creation; Provides support and mentorshipto entrepreneurs and young professionals;
Fosters collaboration and partnerships
with educational institutions, government
agencies, and other organizations
involved in skills development and youth
employment.

- Engages in policy discussions andformulation processes related to skills
development and youth employment.
It provides a platform for stakeholders
to share their insights, experiences, andrecommendations.
- Monitors and evaluates the implementationof policies and programs related to skills
development and youth employment. It
assesses the progress made, identifies
gaps, and recommends adjustments or
improvements.

Zimbabwe
National
Chamber ofCommerce

National
Economic
Consultative
Forum (NECF)

Private Sector

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 23

Plan
International
Zimbabwe

Standards
Associationof Zimbabwe(SAZ)- The adoption of standards encourages innovation andcontinuous improvement within industries promoting
best practices, technological advancements, andprocess optimization, fostering a culture of innovation
among businesses.
- Through quality assurance practices, SAZ enhances
the reputation of Zimbabwean industries and builds
consumer confidence leading to increased demandfor products and services, which creates employment
opportunities for young people in various sectors.
- By providing practical training and businessdevelopment support, Plan International Zimbabwe
has increased the employability of young people,
enabling them to secure sustainable livelihoods andbecome self-reliant.
-The organization has worked towards breaking
down gender barriers and stereotypes that hinder
young women’s access to skills development andemployment opportunities. By addressing genderbased discrimination and providing tailored support
for young women.

- SAZ develops and establishes industry
standards in collaboration with relevant
stakeholders. These standards provide
a benchmark for quality, safety, andperformance, ensuring that products andservices meet specified requirements.
Through certification programs, SAZ
verifies and recognizes individuals andorganizations that meet the prescribedstandards, enhancing their credibility andemployability.

- Empowers young people to pursue
meaningful employment and contributeto their communities by providing career
guidance and life skills education to young
people, helping them make informed
decisions about their education and career
paths.
- Implements vocational training programs
that equip young people with practicalskills in various trades and industries.
These programs aim to enhance theiremployability
andentrepreneurial
capabilities.

Civil Society Organizations (CSO’s)/ Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs)

5. Conclusion
Zimbabwe has developed a myriad of policies and institutions
that are aimed to support economic development in the country.
However, the effects of these policies on technological innovation,
skills development, job creation, and entrepreneurship have been
mixed. On one hand, some of the policies have had a positive
impact on technological innovation in the country. For example, thegovernment has implemented initiatives to support the developmentof new technologies and innovations, such as providing funding for
research and development activities and creating incentives forprivate sector organizations to invest in new technologies. On theother hand, the lack of resources and funding has limited the abilityof key actors in the STI ecosystem to collaborate and undertake joint
projects, as well as to support the development of new technologies
and innovations. This has hurt the ability of the country to use STI to
support skills development, entrepreneurship and job creation andhence the socioeconomic development of the country.

24 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

6. Policy Recommendations
In view of the study findings, the following recommendations areproffered:
Recommendation 1: Encourage the participation of researchers,
innovators, entrepreneurs and other stakeholders in designing
the education curriculum to enhance skills development, job
creation and entrepreneurship: The government working with all
stakeholders needs to establish mechanisms that ensure that there
is free engagement and participation in curriculum development.
Inputs from researchers, innovators and entrepreneurs could
unlock the skills gap and therefore leading to the creation of jobs
and enhanced entrepreneurship. While Zimbabwe has a relatively
high literacy rate, the quality of education is not always sufficient toequip students with the skills needed to thrive in a rapidly evolving
economy driven by STI.
To address this challenge, the government must invest in improving
the quality of education at all levels. If we are to address theeducation crisis and youth unemployment, governments, the private
sector, development partners, NGOs/CSOs and young people must
work together to develop the resilient skills and qualifications thatwill be needed to adapt to the future of work. Furthermore, thesepartnerships and collaborations can help to overcome some of thechallenges that emerging entrepreneurs face, including limitedaccess to finance, a lack of business skills, and difficulty in accessing
markets. By working together, entrepreneurs can leverage eachother’s strengths and resources, build new networks, and develop
innovative solutions that drive economic growth and job creation in
Zimbabwe.
Recommendation 2: Provide an enabling environment for emerging
entrepreneurs, innovators and SMEs to explore opportunities forcooperation, therefore, building synergies, hence allowing them toUsing STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 25

penetrate the traditional markets usually reserved for big players
or bring about entry into new ones: The Zimbabwean economy
is dominated by a few large players and entry into traditional
markets can be challenging for smaller players. However, emerging
entrepreneurs, innovators, and SMEs can bring fresh ideas andinnovative solutions that can disrupt traditional markets and create
new ones. To support this, the government must create an enabling
environment that allows these groups to thrive. This includes
providing access to financing, developing supportive policies, andcreating networks that allow for cooperation and collaboration. By
doing so, these groups can build synergies, penetrate traditional
markets, and create new ones, thus contributing to job creation andeconomic growth in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, by simplifying theprocess for registering a business, reducing taxes on small businesses,
and providing incentives for companies that hire young people, thegovernment can encourage entrepreneurship and job creation. This
will also help reduce bureaucratic barriers to entrepreneurship andencourage experimentation and innovation.
Recommendation 3: Promote smart partnerships in the STI
ecosystem through the administration of grants, linking emerging
and seasoned entrepreneurs, and organising and showcasing
innovative entrepreneurship programmes: There is a need topromote partnerships within the STI ecosystem to drive innovationand job creation given the significant economic challenges,
high unemployment rates and limited job opportunities for the
youth. Promoting smart partnerships within the STI ecosystem,
administering grants to emerging and seasoned entrepreneurs, andlinking them together to foster collaboration and knowledge-sharing
through stakeholder engagement platforms would significantly
enhance job creation and entrepreneurship. Additionally, innovative
entrepreneurship programs can be organized and showcased toprovide opportunities for emerging entrepreneurs to learn fromseasoned entrepreneurs and gain exposure to potential investors.
26 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

Recommendation 4: The government needs to collaborate with theprivate sector and development partners to bridge the huge gap
in investment in digital infrastructure to narrow the digital divide
between rural people and those residing in urban areas: Given thefact that Zimbabwe has high unemployment rates, particularly among
young people, expanding the digital infrastructure and diversifying
economic activities could be the solution. Increasing access totechnology is essential in today’s digital economy. By investing ininfrastructure to increase access to technology, particularly in rural
areas, Zimbabwe can ensure that all young people have the tools
they need to succeed. This will also help bridge the digital divide andprovide equal opportunities for all young people and marginalised
groups.

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 27

References
African Development Bank [AfDB]. (2021). Zimbabwe Country Brief.
https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-africa/zimbabwe/zimbabwe-country-brief
AfDB, (2020). Zimbabwe: Economic and Social Opportunities
Transformation Programme - Appraisal Report. Retrieved fromhttps://www.afdb.org/en/documents/document/zimbabweeconomic-and-social-opportunities-transformation-programmeappraisal-report
Chikowore, T. (2019). The rise of technical and vocational educationin Zimbabwe. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/therise-of-technical-and-vocational-education-in-zimbabwe-115138
International Labour Organization [ILO]. (2020a). Global employment
trends for youth 2020. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/
publications/books/WCMS_750544/lang--en/index.htm
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and Impact Evaluation. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/
wcmsp5/groups/public/---africa/---ro-addis_ababa/---sro-harare/
documents/publication/wcms_757765.pdf
Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe. (2020). Monetary policy statement.
Retrievedfromhttps://www.rbz.co.zw/assets/documents/
Monetary-Policy-Statements/Monetary-Policy-StatementFebruary-2020.pdf
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [UNCTAD].
(2017). Zimbabwe’s Youth and Entrepreneurship. https://unctad.
org/system/files/official-document/csd2017d5_en.pdf
United States Agency for International Development [USAID]. (2018).
Zimbabwe: Education and Skills Development. https://www.usaid.
gov/zimbabwe/education-and-skills-development
Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency [ZIMSTAT]. (2020). Labour Force
Survey Report. https://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/
publications/Labour/Labour_Force_Survey_Report-_Q1_2020.pdf
Zimbabwe Youth Council. (2019). Youth Employment, Entrepreneurshipand Empowerment Programme (YEEEP) Annual Report. Retrieved
fromhttps://www.youth.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/
YEEEP-ANNUAL-REPORT-2019.pdf
28 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

ATPS TechnoPolicy Briefs Series• Fostering the Future and Livelihood of Young People in Uganda
through Science, Technology, and Innovation (ATPS TechnoPolicy
Brief No. 69)• What is the place of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Youth
Employment in Senegal? (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 68)• Understanding Rwanda’s Science, Technology, and Innovation
Landscape in Youth Employment Creation (ATPS Technopolicy
Brief No. 67)• Leveraging Science, Technology, and Innovation for Enhanced
Youth Employment in Nigeria (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 66)• Unlocking the Potential of Education and Skills for Supporting
Youth Employment in Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 65)• Harnessing Science and Technological Innovation for Youth
Employment and Skill Acquisition in Ghana (ATPS TechnoPolicy
Brief No. 64)• Is Ethiopia’s Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy Landscape
Effectively Creating Jobs and Fostering Skills for the Youth? (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 63)• University-Led Ecosystems for Sustained Innovation and
Entrepreneurship Development in Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief
No. 62)• Eco-innovation Policies for Sustainable Development in Africa(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 61)• Institutional Landscape for Eco-innovation Development in Africa(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 60)• Policy and Institutional Framework for Ecological Organic
Agriculture in Benin (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 59)• Institutional Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in Kenya(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 58)• Policy and Institutional Framework for Ecological Organic
Agriculture in Senegal (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 57)

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 29• Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 56)• Policy and Institutional Framework for Ecological Organic
Agriculture in Rwanda (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 55)• Bridging Climate Information Gaps to Strengthen Capacities for
Climate Informed Decision (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 54)• Embracing Open Contracting in Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief
No. 53)• The Digital Revolution, Open Science, and Innovation for OpenScience Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy
Brief No. 52)• Nouvelles approaches de fi nancement de la recherché et deL’innovation en Afrique (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 51)• New Approaches for Funding Research and Innovation in Africa(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 50)• Towards Effective Public-Private Partnerships in Research andInnovation: A Perspective for African Science Granting Councils(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 49)• Innovative Practices and Policies for Promoting Biodiversity
Informatics in Sub-Saharan Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 48)• Improving the Relevance of University Training to Labour Market
Demands in Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 47)• Developing Policies for Biodiversity Informatics in sub-SaharanAfrica (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 46)• ICTs role in Agricultural Development: Prospects of Land Potential
Knowledge System (LandPKS) (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 45)• Mainstreaming Gender in the National Science, Technology andInnovation (STI) Policy of Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 44)• Social Innovation: An Untapped Resource for Inclusive Green
Growth (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 43)• Policy Axes that Can Uphold Agricultural Innovations for Climate
Change Adaptation and Food Security in Central Africa: Case of
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Central African Republic (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 42)
30 Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe

• Frameworks for Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional
Knowledge in Tanzania (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 41)• Assessment of Possible Intellectual Property Protection Options of
Traditional Knowledge System in Ethiopia (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief
No. 40)• Towards influencing National Legislation, Policies, Strategies andProgrammes for appropriate Protection and Benefit-Sharing ofTraditional Knowledge (TK) with and by Traditional Herbalists in
Uganda. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 39)• Traditional Healers and their Provision of Mental Health Services
in Cosmopolitan Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 38)• Policy Implications for Intellectual Property Systems for Traditional
Healers in Lesotho. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 37)• Incidence of Indigenous and Innovative Climate Change
Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Framers’ Livelihood Security
in Chikhwawa District, Southern Malawi. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief
No. 36)• Machobane Farming System and its Relevance to Climate Change
Policy in Lesotho. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 35)

Using STI to Enhance Skills Development, Job Creation and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe 31

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IES

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The African Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS) is a transdisciplinary network of researchers,
policymakers, private sector actors and the civilƐŽĐŝĞƚǇƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ƵƐĞĂŶĚŵĂƐƚĞƌǇŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚ/ŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶƐ(STI) for African development, environmentalƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŐůŽďĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ ůŝŬĞͲŵŝŶĚĞĚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ dW^ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐĨŽƌƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚknowledge sharing in order to build Africa’sĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ^d/ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ƉŽůŝĐǇŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘

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