RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Abell 2163
(HST ACS)

gev2018 ‒ June 6th2

Q. When did the first galaxies form?
Q. How did they evolve?
Q. What were their properties?
Q. Did they reionize the universe?

Necessarygev2018 ‒ June 6th・Galaxy Counting (Luminosity functions)・Detailing individual galaxies in large samples
3

CIV
A1689-zD1(z=7.5, μ=9.3)
Watson+15

HST+ALMARXCJ2248.7-4431-ID3(z=6.1, μ=5.5)
Mainali+17

OIII]

MACS0647-JD(z=10.8)(μ~8)

A2744-YD4(z=8.4, μ=1.8)

Coe+13

LBG
(μ~7)
(μ~2)
gev2018 ‒ June 6th4

Laporte+17

[OIII]Lya

MACS1149-JD1(z=9.1, μ~10)© ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)
Hashimoto+18
gev2018 ‒ June 6th5

log (Number)

Bradley+14

Bradley+14181

110

Ishigaki+18

Apparent mUV (mag)gev2018 ‒ June 6th6

mUV<=24.5log (Number)

Bradley+14

Bradley+1492

Ishigaki+18

Apparent mUV (mag)gev2018 ‒ June 6th7

- REionization LensIng Cluster Survey

Abell 2163
(ACS falsecolor)- HST Treasury Program- PI: Dan Coe (STScI)- Oct. 2015 ‒ April 2017
- ~7 bands (ACS/WFC + WFC3/IR)- 190 orbits (5σ depth = 26-27 mag)gev2018 ‒ June 6th

8RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

・41 galaxy-cluster regions- ~200 arcmin2

Credit: Coegev2018 ‒ June 6th

9

RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Planck SZ Mass(1014M⦿)・41 galaxy-cluster regions- ~200 arcmin2- most massive (> 4x1014 M⦿),
causing ʻpowerfulʼ strong-lensing- mass-modeling isongoing(currently 20/41
released)

RXC0911+17

Redshift
Credit: Coe10”

gev2018 ‒ June 6th10Kikuchihara+

RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Brightest
candidates
at z=6intrinsic (delensed):

25.4 mag~ x23
magnifiedat z=7

apparent (lensed):

23.4 mag
at z=8gev2018 ‒ June 6th

11Salmon+17

RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Bright high-z galaxy
candidates
detected efficiently
owing to lensing
difference of > dex

Salmon+17gev2018 ‒ June 6th

12

RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

log (Number)

mUV<=24.5
Bradley+14

9 (181)2 (110)

Salmon+17
Ishigaki+18

Apparent mUV (mag)gev2018 ‒ June 6th31(total 321)

13

RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Counter img #2
3 arcsec

H160=25.7(fainter thandetection limit)

Lens model constructedby Kikuchihara+ using
GLAFIC

3 arcsec

Prediction based on
the lens model
does not rule out
z=9.9Counter img #1(fainter thandetection limit (?))

SPT0615-57
gev2018 ‒ June 6th14

RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Spitzer

ALMA- 390 hr for all clusters (archive)- 1 cluster-field survey (archive)

ACS0102-49
HST (ACS)

HST(WFC3/IR)

ACT0102-49(ALMA/band 6)
Spitzer (IRAC)+
15 more (proposed for cy6)+

As part of the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey(PI: Kohno)

330 hr (proposal accepted; cy14)

Properties of faint SMGs,
IRX-β, [CII]/CO LF, etc.

Redshift verification,
stellar mass, AV, etc.
gev2018 ‒ June 6th

15RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

・RELICS surveyed the 41 cluster regions with HST.
・321 galaxy candidates were identified at z=6-8,
including brightly-lensed sources (~23 mag).
・Mass-modeling is ongoing (20/41 released).
・Follow-up observations have been proposed to findthe properties of the candidates(Spitzer, ALMA).

gev2018 ‒ June 6th

16

RELICS
Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

gev2018 ‒ June 6th17

difference of > dex

Salmon+17gev2018 ‒ June 6th18

HSTJWST

Credit: Coegev2018 ‒ June 6th19

・JWST will identify
high-z galaxies of~ -17 mag

HST(2.4m)+ lens

HabEx(4.0m)+ lensWFIRST (2.4m)

Taking advantage
of cluster lensing!

JWST(6.5m)+ lensz=11z=11OʼMeara, Ouchi, Postman, Ishigaki, Kikuchiharagev2018 ‒ June 6th20

© NASAHST(2.4m)+ lens

HabEx(4.0m)+ lensWFIRST (2.4m)

LUVOIR(15.1m)
JWST + lens
(6.5m)+ lensz=11

・LUVOIR+lens willreach ~ -10 mag
First stars or
star-clusters?!

OʼMeara, Ouchi, Postman, Ishigaki, Kikuchihara
gev2018 ‒ June 6thlaunch: mid 2030s

21

・High-z galaxies are efficiently detected owing tocluster-lensing, especially at z>10.
・JWST will identify galaxies of ~ -17 mag at z~10.
LUVOIR will reach ~ -10 mag at z~10, identifying thefirst stars or star-clusters (?!).

Thank you!
© Ehime Prefectural Officegev2018 ‒ June 6th22© Ehime University