Report of the KEK-IMSS
Muon Science Advisory Committee(MuSAC)MuSAC-2019

May 2020

The MuSAC-2019 meeting was held at J-PARC, Tokai (KEK Tokai Campus),
between February 25th and February 26th 2020.

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Table of Contents
I

MUSE Overview

II

Research Projects (S-Type Proposals)• Precision Measurement of Muonium Hyperfine Structure and Muon
Magnetic Moment• Search for Muon-Electron Conversion utilizing Pulsed Proton Beamfrom RCS (Rapid-Cycle Synchrotron)• Development of General-Purpose µSR Spectrometer with Semiconductor-based Optical Detectors and Measurement of New
Element Strategy Samples with New Functions• Application of Muon Radiography for the “Photon and Quantum
Basic Research Coordinated Development Program”• Development of D1 Spectrometer Instruments and µSR experimentin Strongly Correlated Electron Systems• Transmission Muon Microscopy• Precision Measurement of Anomalous Muon Magnetic• Precision Measurement of the Muon Mass by 1s-2s Laser
Spectroscopy of Muonium
III

Future Plan in Intermediate Term

• Muon Microscopy• Muon Materials Science• Muon Fundamental Physics
IV

General Comments and Recommendations

V

Charges given to MuSAC

Appendix
I

Members of MuSAC
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I

MUSE Overview

Professor Y. Miyake, Head of KEK-MSL, welcomed the panel and introduced the KEK-MSL
activities at J-PARC. KEK-MSL is responsible for the operation and development of the JPARC/MUSE facility, including the safe delivery of the proton beam onto the muon target andits safe operation. He introduced the tasks of MuSAC, which is to evaluate the scientificprogram of MUSE, the facility operation and future developments of the facility, and to givecomments and suggestions to the KEK-IMSS Director, to efficiently operate and develop the
MUSE facility with the current limitations on budget and manpower.
The committee received then the presentations of the ongoing S-type proposals, and three talks
about future plans in intermediate terms. The research reports of S-type proposals demonstrate
the rich field of muon applications, from fundamental particle physics to condensed matterphysics, material science, elemental analysis, and ideas to use the muons as novel
microscopy/tomography probe. This broad field of topical applications is a unique strength of
the MUSE facility. No other experimental probe can compete with the versatility of the muon
as a means to study the origin of matter and universe, and to explore the diversity of matter andlife – being in line with the research mission of J-PARC, as defined by J-PARC Director Prof.
N. Saito in his opening talk of the MAC-2019 meeting.
MUSE has currently three beam lines in operation for the international users’ community: D1
and D2 for the µSR and negative muon programs, and S1 with the Artemis spectrometerfor µSR. The U-line for the generation of ultra-slow muons (USM) for use in thin-film µSR(U1A) and muon microscopy (U1B) is currently being commissioned, with continuous
improvements in the laser system for the efficient generation of USM. Construction of the Hline is ongoing, where 55 M JPY are still missing for completion of H-line and the H1 area,
where H1 will host the MuSEUM and DeeMe particle physics experiments. Planning for the
H-line extension with H2 area and extension hall is progressing, which will host the gµ-2/EDM
experiment and the Muon Transmission Microscope TµM. Funding for building the S2 beamline with experimental area could be secured within the new S-type proposal for a precision
measurement of the muon mass by 1s-2s laser spectroscopy of muonium. The S2 area can beused for the µSR program or other experiments afterwards. The completion of the MUSE
facility requires the S3 and S4 beam branches with experimental areas. These are future plans,that are yet to be funded, where S3 will host a µSR spectrometer for hydrogen related studies(in cooperation with JAEA), and S4 a high field spectrometer using RF pulsed µSR and µ-SR.
While user facility operation of D1, D2, S1, and U1A, U1B, and H1 is possible with present
resources by a re-organization of staff in the operation of the proton beam around the muon
production target, see section IV, the extension of S2 and the realization and operation of the
future S3/S4 will need additional budget and manpower. MuSAC notes that this full suite ofexperimental facilities will further strengthen the role of MUSE as a world-leading facility inmuon science.

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II

Research Projects (S-type Proposals)

Precision Measurement of Muonium Hyperfine Structure and Muon
Magnetic Moment
The MuSEUM collaboration aims at a new precision measurement of the ground state
hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonium, both, at very low magnetic field and at a high magnetic
field. This is a very important and timely experiment. It aims at delivering improved values forthe muon magnetic moment and the muon mass. Both are fundamental constants and important
targets as such, but also required input to an improved measurement of the muon anomalous
magnetic moment gµ-2, as presently ongoing at FNAL and later at J-PARC in the future H2
area. Together with the experimental effort by MuSEUM, theorists are working internationallyon improved QED calculations, including higher order and weak corrections. With robust
theory prediction and improved muon mass, the HFS measurement will allow crucial tests of
the Standard Model and searches for exotic physics. Because of the great impact the precision
result will have, every effort should be taken to guarantee a very solid result.
The MuSEUM collaboration has made impressive progress and brought the experiment to thepoint that the data accumulated in beam times at the D-line at low magnetic field alreadysupersedes the previous best experimental result from LAMPF in its statistical precision.
Impressive technical developments include monitor detectors, segmented scintillators withMPPC readout, development of a silicon strip detector using synergies with the gµ-2/EDM
experiment, development of a new cavity at high field, and several more. Great progress has
also been made in measuring at various Kr gas pressures, allowing to better extrapolate to zeropressure, and in an exploratory study with Kr/He gas mixture to cancel the pressure shift by alarge degree. The collaboration appears to be on a very good trajectory to control the pressure
related systematics. Another source of systematic uncertainty requiring attention is the RF
power drift.
The collaboration has proven that it is capable of efficiently using beam time and that the
hardware appears to be up to the task. Further significant progress, including, in particular, allwork at high field, requires the H1 area and the full H-line to be operational, including separator
and slit system. If the Wien-filter separator is not available, MuSAC encourages beam studies
at the H-line to use other positron separation techniques, e.g. using degraders in front of thelast dipole magnet. Completion of the H-line must be of top priority in order to not delay thetimely production of important high-visibility scientific results. To guarantee the acceptance ofthe future results of this precision experiment, MuSAC additionally urges the MuSEUM
collaboration to establish upfront a robust scheme for an unbiased, blind analysis.

4Search for Muon-Electron Conversion utilizing Pulsed Proton Beam from
RCS (Rapid-Cycle Synchrotron)
The DeeMe project received a 5-year extension of the stage-2 approval from the muon-PAC at
KEK/IMSS, and the detector system has been completed and is ready to use, including aspectrometer magnet borrowed from TRIUMF, and novel HV-switching MWPCs. Completionof the H-line should have highest priority in order to run the experiment in a timely manner, toprovide a result before COMET phase-I, and in order to maximize the potential of a major
discovery at J-PARC. MuSAC applauds the willingness of the DeeMe team to contribute to
the building and commissioning of the beam line to ensure the timely start of the physics run
with the high intensity beam.

Development of General-Purpose µSR Spectrometer with Semiconductorbased Optical Detectors and Measurement of New Element Strategy
Samples with New Functions
Good progress has been reported in the application of µSR to the characterization of hydrogenstates in the technologically relevant semiconductors ZnO and InGaZnO4 (IGZO). This isreflected in several publications of the results which appeared in 2019, while other studies ofthe MUSE team on magnetism in heavily carrier-doped iron-oxy-pnictides are under review,
and a paper on the electronic structure and role of interstitial hydrogen in β-MnO2 is inpreparation. MuSAC is pleased to see the production of these interesting results within the
MEXT “Element Strategy Initiative to Form Core Research Center for Electron Materials”, led
by H. Hosono from Tokyo Tech. MuSAC welcomes the continuation of the program in thenext S-type proposal “Microscopic mechanism of hydrogen-sensitive properties in inorganic
materials”, started in FY2019, and is looking forward to see new results in upcoming
experiments on new functional materials.

Application of Muon Radiography for the “Photon and Quantum Basic
Research Coordinated Development Program”
The current status of the development and application of “negative muon radiography” waspresented. Negative muon radiography is a non-destructive elemental depth-profiling analysis
in materials using muonic X-rays emitted during the formation of negative muon atoms. Thusfar, this method has been applied to the development of lithium batteries by Toyota CRDL. andto archaeological research. As an example of the latter, the results of the analysis of gold andsilver coins used in the Edo period in Japan were shown. MuSAC was impressed by learningthat the measurement accuracy was significantly improved by optimizing the beam tuning todecrease the momentum and beam spread, and the acquisition efficiency was also improved bymoving the Ge detectors closer to the sample to allow measurements at larger solid angles.
These advances in technology, while still in the testing stage, have proven their effectivenessby allowing the depth profile of gold and silver content in gold and silver coins to be5

significantly evaluated. In addition, specific plans for further improving the beam intensity inthe low energy region and adding Ge detectors are presented, which are expected to make asignificant contribution to archaeological research in the near future.

Development of D1 Spectrometer Instruments and µSR experiment inStrongly Correlated Electron Systems
The upgrade of instrumentation for the spectrometer in the D1 area has improved the accuracyof experiments on strongly correlated electron systems. Ongoing efforts over the past five years
have resulted in the installation of a large aperture superconducting magnet, the developmentof a beam profile monitor and the development of a fly-past chamber for background reduction,
which have greatly improved the experimental accuracy for small samples. In addition, asample holder has been developed for small samples and a sample-rotation mechanism that
operates in the mK temperature region. This enabled high-precision measurements of spatial
anisotropy of the electronic properties of small sample materials. In further evaluating these
improvements, studies on several unconventional superconductors have revealed interesting
new properties, such as isotropy of spontaneous magnetization in Sr2RuO4, magnetic fielddependence of the superconducting properties of BiS2-type compounds, and coexistence ofmagnetism and superconductivity in the CeCo(In,Zn)5 system. MuSAC appreciates that thedevelopment of the D1 spectrometer has been steadily and successfully carried out, and it isexpected to significantly contribute to the progress in the field of strongly correlated electron
systems.

Transmission Muon Microscopy
The Transmission Muon Microscope TµM at the H2-line is in a R&D phase where several
prototype components are being prepared for tests. MuSAC is pleased to see that acollaboration involving nine institutions from Japanese universities, research centers (KEK/JPARC and RIKEN) and industry (Sumitomo Heavy Industries) has been set up. If successful,
this facility will offer unique capabilities to visualize nanoscale structures and functions of>~10-µm-thick biological specimen. As in the case of the USM microscope, the feasibility of
the TµM will crucially depend on the generation of ultra-slow muons, which is currently
limited by the intensity of ionizing Lyman-α laser pulses. First test experiments are planned at
5 MeV energy at the U1B line in FY2021, while the final stage with energy of 100 MeV
depends on the completion of the H2 line.

Precision Measurement of Anomalous Muon Magnetic Moment
The measurement of the muon g-2/EDM represents a key experiment for testing the standard
model. Since there is the competing experiment FNAL E989 at Fermilab, it is necessary to start
the J-PARC experiment in a timely manner. For the VUV laser to ionize muonium, an output
of 10 µJ has been achieved and the prospect of reaching the target 100 µJ has emerged. Other6technical goals – such as the acceleration of thermal muons, the spiral beam injection into thestorage magnet, and the development of detector components – seem to be on a good track andreachable. In order to secure a large amount of competitive funds, which is the biggest
challenge, J-PARC/KEK-IMSS must provide timely support in infrastructure development inorder to carry out the experiment.

Precision measurement of the Muon Mass by 1s-2s Laser Spectroscopy of
Muonium
The proposed ten times improved precision measurement of the muon mass is another key
experiment for testing the Standard Model, and complementing the MuSEUM and the gµ-2
effort in an ideal way. Doppler shift is the largest source of the systematic error in the proposed
experiment. The use of slow muonium from aerogel targets at room temperature, and its
ionization by the combination of a CW laser at 244 nm and a pulse laser at 355 nm not only
yields a signal for the 1s-2s measurement, but also provides another route to generate a highintensity slow muon beam, as required by the muon g-2/EDM experiment. The greatest
technical problem in the muon g-2/EDM experiment is the efficient ionization of muonium bya pulse laser at Lyman-α (122 nm) to drive the 1s-2p transition. Ionization is then again
accomplished by the resonant 2p-vacuum excitation with a pulse laser at 355 nm. The 244 nm
UV laser method employed in this experiment may provide another option to circumvent the
problem of efficient Lyman-α generation. Ensuring manpower in preparing and executing theexperiments is a common issue for both project groups, and MuSAC recommends encouraging
good cooperation between the two groups in the future.

III

Future Plan in Intermediate Term

Muon Microscopy
Plans were shown to develop, in addition to the transmission muon microscope TµM at the Hline, new experimental setups which may establish unique new muon applications in scanningµ+ and µ- microscopy. These plans are very challenging, and the feasibility of the planned
applications is still to be demonstrated. Although MuSAC welcomes the initiative for futurechallenging projects, it is not clear, how these developments can be carried out with the current
manpower constraints (see also the future plan for “Muon Materials Science”). MuSAC
considers it essential to focus MUSE activities at the current stage on completion of H-line andthe commissioning of USM to produce scientific results in important scientific fields of topicalresearch.

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Muon Materials Science
A 3-point future plan was presented: a station at S3 for hydrogen related studies, and a station
at S4 for high magnetic fields using RF-pulsed µSR, and µ-SR. While the prospects of having
additional new µSR capabilities available are very promising, it is hard to imagine how thesedevelopments might be undertaken with the current manpower constraints. Under thesecircumstances, it might be more appropriate to focus the present efforts on the USM program,particularly to develop expertise of µSR in nanometer-thin materials. It is very urgent that the
USM source is completed and starts to produce science as soon as possible.

Muon Fundamental Physics
The presented 8-10 years perspective for the fundamental muon physics program has a clear
vision and is strongly endorsed by MuSAC. Its overarching goal is to use the uniquecapabilities of J-PARC/MUSE to perform crucial tests of the established Standard Model ofparticle physics and to search for, and eventually discover, new physics that goes beyond theStandard Model. The strategy builds on the approved projects gµ-2/EDM, MuSEUM, Mu1s2s, and DeeMe, and has plans for new projects, such as a search for Mu-Mubar oscillations anda measurement of the HFS of muonic He atoms. All these have strong physics motivations
addressing open issues in fundamental nuclear and particle physics. The projects have strong
collaborations leading or co-leading the experiments’ construction and the science program.
It is a top priority to finish construction and commissioning of the H-line to the H1 area at
MUSE in order to allow the DeeMe and the MuSEUM to proceed with their respective datataking campaigns. The Mu1s-2s experiment will contribute the funding to open up the S2beamline, which is also a very welcome development but should not delay the MUSE effort tofinish the H-line. MuSAC also explicitly welcomes the idea to study an alternative Mu
ionization scheme using the 1s-2s two-photon transition and synergies with the S2collaboration. This might provide a back-up plan for the future ultraslow muon productionneeded for the gµ-2/EDM and microscopy activities.
For gµ-2/EDM and for the transmission muon microscopy TµM, activities are being pursued
to establish the concrete planning for the future H2 area in an extension building. Resources
for these infrastructure initiatives still need to be found and the realistic pathway to achieve
this needs further design work. The committee recommends, as the best path forward, thepriority completion of the H-line in FY2020 with its commissioning involving collaboratorsfrom DeeMe and MuSEUM. This should be followed by science data taking of DeeMe and of
MuSEUM, before requesting and reviewing strategies for early scientific results. Such successwith visible results from H1, will likely boost all future activities.

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IV

General Comments and Recommendations

MuSAC acknowledges the outstanding work of the MUSE team and the achievement ofanother year of stable operation at 500 kW beam power. MuSAC is very pleased to see thecontinuing interest from broad scientific communities in muon science at J-PARC, and that theuser program is running smoothly. MuSAC appreciates the continuous efforts on providing
safe operation of the facility. The presentation of a plan to reach the design 1 MW operation of
MLF in 2023 by MLF Director Professor T. Kanaya is appreciated, and MuSAC is looking
forward to the operation of MUSE at the design proton beam power.
A concern is a potential delay of the H1 line completion due to the missing funding of 55 M
JPY. This causes delay in the timely production of important scientific output of the DeeMe
collaboration, and MuSAC strongly recommends that KEK-IMSS and J-PARC find a quick
solution to complete the H1 line.
MuSAC greatly appreciates that the number of approved proposals has shown a steady increasein the last two years: from 76 proposals in 2018 to 108 proposals in 2019, where the numberof proposals from overseas researchers increased from 7 to 20, and the number of S-type
proposals from 3 to 7. We assign this positive development to the establishment of stable proton
beam operation, and also to the stable operation of S1 beamline and its increasing permeation
into the community. MuSAC evaluates that the continual efforts of MUSE staff to expand theusers’ community paid off as an increase in the number of international users and P-type
proposals. MuSAC recommends continuing a careful survey on the degree of satisfaction ofusers and various levels of outreach activities.
Although MuSAC positively evaluates the personnel actions (promotions, hires and changes)
in the past years for the ongoing renewal of generations, there is still a strong concern that the
shortage of manpower may cause significant difficulties in keeping and developing theactivities of MUSE in view of the planned expansion of the facility to the S2, H1, and H2 areas.
MuSAC is also concerned about the situation that a large part of scientific and developing
activities of the MUSE facility have been carried out relying on non-permanent scientists andengineers. MuSAC strongly recommends increasing efforts to make tighter collaborations with
universities and private companies, not only in Japan but also overseas. This will allow
establishing a shared human resource system, such as introducing cross-appointment positions,and organizing and providing attractive career-paths. MuSAC also encourages cultivating
talent to take over leadership for the overall management of MUSE facility, and recommends
KEK-IMSS to support this important activity. To provide more manpower for running themuon science program, MuSAC recommends the transfer of the MUSE responsibility forM1/M2 proton beam and muon production target to a single dedicated J-PARC-wide group,
concentrating the expertise and capabilities to deal with beam transport and safety in a uniform
site-wide manner, thus ensuring a J-PARC-wide safety concept. This would be in line withinternational standards. MuSAC considers this as essential to the further success of MLF.
Additionally, MuSAC encourages J-PARC/KEK-IMSS and MUSE management to establish
joint appointments with universities and companies, to take up some of the tasks of user
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support. It will also be helpful to increase efforts to make tighter collaborations with
universities, thus attracting more users to MUSE.

V

Charges given to MuSAC

In the following we address the charges given to MuSAC point by point:
1) How does the MuSAC evaluate the present status of the MUSE?
MUSE is still in the transition from the construction phase to an international user
facility. This means additional load on MUSE staff, to develop and build new beamlines
and instrumentation, in addition to the operational load of organization and support for
the increasing number of domestic and international user groups. MuSAC acknowledges the outstanding work of the MUSE team in their effort to combine thesechallenging tasks. MuSAC is pleased to see the increasing interest of external researchgroups in using MUSE.
2) How does the MuSAC evaluate research projects in MUSE? Are these research
outputs adequate?
The research projects presented to MuSAC demonstrate the rich field of muon scienceat MUSE in a broad range of applications from fundamental studies to material and soft
matter science, and applied studies such as characterization of battery materials andnon-destructive elemental depth analysis of archeological samples. The two latter fields
are in collaboration with companies and archeological institutions and museums, which
represents a unique extension to user groups/research fields which are not typical formuon facilities in general. This wide range of applications, attracting new user groups
and opening new fields of muon applications is clearly a strength of MUSE, whichmakes it unique among all the muon facilities around the world.
Scientific results from the Inter-University Research Program maintain a high standardof productivity. MuSAC was impressed to see that a variety of significant studies haverecently been completed by the members of the program, which is reflected in the listof publications of MUSE in 2019. The research output of MUSE in terms of
publications is adequate compared to other international large scale facilities.
3) How does the MuSAC evaluate the recent developments of facilities in MUSE?
The recent developments at MUSE – for example, the continuous improvements on thesample environment of the µSR instruments, the muonic Xrays applications, and theultra-slow muon project – are very important for the future success of the facility andthey will further facilitate MUSE’s transition to a world-leading muon center.

104) How does the MuSAC evaluate the funding situation of MUSE?
The present funding situation is a matter of concern. The significant reduction of about
25% of the budget in FY2020 makes it very difficult to continue the successfultransition from construction phase to user facility operation that includes thecompletion of H-line and the S3 and S4 ports of the S-line. As a first step, MuSAC
recommends to generate a detailed financial plan for the completion and operation of
all the MUSE beam lines (including personnel). In a second step MUSE management
may seek additional sources of external funding by collaborations in joint projects, as
MUSE succeeded to do for the S2 port which will host a new high precision muonium
1s-2s laser spectroscopy experiment.
5) How does MuSAC evaluate the relationship with industries?
MuSAC is very pleased to see the continuation of cooperation with industrial partners,
such as Toyota CRDL for battery research and SOCIONEXT for investigating softerrors in SRAM modules caused by cosmic muons, and the establishment of a newcollaboration with Sumitomo Heavy Industries in the Transmission Muon Microscope
project. These kinds of activities are in line with J-PARC’s mission to develop thesociety of the future. At present, this strong cooperation with industrial partners is
unique among the muon facilities in the world.
6) Is MUSE moving in the right direction? Are the future development items
adequate?
MuSAC acknowledges the attained status of stable user operation in the D1/D2 and S1lines, and fully supports the current high priority activities: to finish commissioning of
the U-line and the construction of the H-line. The further planned extension of the
facility in S2, H2 and later S3/S4 are necessary to fully exploit the capabilities ofMUSE, and to make MUSE into a unique muon facility. The present resources are
insufficient to carry out all of these future developments. For better planning andresource utilization, MuSAC strongly recommends providing project and risk
management plans for the U-line commissioning/H-line construction, and for thesubsequent completion of the S2-S4 areas. Together with possible future collaborations
with external groups, the required additional budget and manpower should be provided
to run MUSE in its full expansion stage.
7) How does MuSAC evaluate the leadership of MUSE in the field of muon science?
Has MUSE been a core academic research hub?
The combination of material science (µSR), applied research in depth-resolved nondestructive elemental analysis, and new high-precision particle physics experiments is
unique at MUSE, and demonstrates the potential for leadership of the facility in muonscience. Being still in the transition phase from construction to user facility, MuSAC isconvinced that MUSE will become a core academic research hub with its full suite of
instrumentation.
118) Have MUSE users in addition to in-house scientists been making outstanding
contributions to related scientific fields?
As is normal for a facility in transition from the construction phase to a user facility,
the user groups perform their experiments in close collaboration with in-housescientists. It is therefore expected, that outstanding results of MUSE experiments are
based on such collaborations. In the medium-term, when users will be trained andbecome familiar with the MUSE instrumentation, they will become more independent
from in-house scientists. The muon g-2, DeeMe, and muonium 1s-2s collaborations are
led by external groups. The results of these experiments will be very important for the
search for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. These projects
already provided outstanding developments in detector, data acquisition and beam line
technologies.
9) Does MUSE play a role of an international academic research center?
MUSE is on a good path to become one of the leading international academic research
centers after completion of the construction phase. Currently, there are mainly Japanesegroups – except the international muon g-2, DeeMe, and MuSEUM collaborations –using the facility. However, MuSAC is convinced that MUSE will increasingly attractuser groups from abroad, once the full suite of instrumentation is available. This isalready reflected by the factor of three increase (from 7 to 20) of the number of
proposals from overseas researchers submitted to MUSE. MuSAC is very pleased tosee this trend.
10) Does MUSE provide appropriate support for national researchers and researchcommunities?
As far as MuSAC can judge from the talks presented at the meeting, MUSE is providing
a good level of support for the research community. This is manifested, for example,
by surveys on the degree of satisfaction of users and various levels of outreachactivities. MuSAC recommends continuing these activities to provide the best support
possible.
11) Does MUSE provide appropriate support for researchers/visitors from abroad?
MuSAC cannot see any difference in the support for national and international users.
MUSE is aiming to provide appropriate support for both groups of researchers.
12) How does MuSAC evaluate the effort of expanding the research fields by MUSE?
Does MUSE create networks for scientific collaboration?
MUSE is excellent in expanding the research fields at the facility. This can be seen, forexample, in the extension of negative muon applications in µSR and non-destructive
elemental analysis, where a new collaboration with renowned research groups has been
formed within the project “Toward new frontiers: Encounter and Synergy of state-ofthe-art astronomical detectors and exotic quantum beams” for the Grant-in-Aid for12

Scientific Research on Innovative Areas. Another excellent example are thecollaborations and activities within the MEXT “Element Strategy Initiative to Form
Core Research Center for Electron Materials”. With the ultra-slow muon microscope
and Transmission Muon Microscope (TµM), MUSE is pursuing a unique new way formuon applications. For the TµM project, a collaboration has been founded including
research institutions (J-PARC/KEK, RIKEN), a company (Sumitomo Heavy
Industries), and several universities.
It is obvious, that these efforts can be only achieved by the creation of new networks
for scientific collaborations.
13) How does MuSAC evaluate contributions to education in Academia?
At MUSE, PhD students and Postdocs are part of the research and development
projects. MuSAC encourages MUSE management to establish a joint appointment
scheme with universities, as outlined in section IV, to facilitate the recruiting of
graduate students. This is essential for the training of the next generation of researchersand potential future expert users of MUSE. In line with this important task, MuSAC isvery pleased to see the ongoing organization of the annual J-PARC Joint Neutron andMuon School for graduate students, Postdocs, and early career researchers.

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APPENDIX I
Members of MuSAC:
Hiroshi Amitsuka (Hokkaido University)
Andrew MacFarlane (University of British Columbia)
Klaus Kirch (ETH Zurich and Paul Scherrer Institute)
Kenya Kubo (International Christian University)
Martin Mansson (Royal Institute of Technology)
Takashi Nakano (Research Center for Nuclear Physics)
Thomas Prokscha (Paul Scherrer Institute) Chair
Tadayuki Takahashi (Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe)

Unable to attend: Martin Mansson (Royal Institute of Technology)

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