Institute forSpace–Earth Environmental Research
Nagoya University

Annual Report

April 2019–March 2020

Foreword
Last year (FY2019) was the fifth since the Institute for Space-EarthEnvironmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University was established. As a
Japanese and international research center, we will continue our educationaland research activities and produce different results.
More than 200 scientific papers are published annually as a result of ouracademic research, and we continue to contribute to the promotion of awide range of scientific fields and interdisciplinary and international
joint research. For example, a research group led by assistant professor
H. Tomita in the Land–Ocean Ecosystem Research division published theopen dataset, J-OFURO3 (Tomita et al. 2019 J. Oceanogr.). The dataset
was constructed by integrating a large amount of air–sea surface flux
variation data over the last 30 years, attracting international attention as avaluable dataset that contributes to the understanding of climate variability.
The results of the ISEE International Workshop “Benchmarks for Operational
Solar Flare Forecasts” were published in three consecutive papers (Leka et al.
2019 ApJS; Leka et al. 2019 ApJ; Park et al. 2020 ApJ). This work was the first-ever quantitative comparison of solar flarepredictions from different countries; it clarifies the state of and issues in operations to predict solar flares. Furthermore, thefirst assimilation model of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) data and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation has beendeveloped by Iwai et al. (2019 EPS). Each of these studies are important for accurately predicting solar storms and theirimpacts, and they are gaining international attention as the results of the nation-wide “Solar and Earth Environment
Prediction (PSTEP)” project led by the ISEE.
As a result of the domestic project “PWING (study of dynamical variation of Particles and Waves in the INner
magnetosphere using Ground-based network observations),” Mr. Takeshita, a graduate student in the Division for
Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research, published a paper that statistically clarified, for the first time, thelongitudinal spread of electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere from ground observations (Takeshita
et al. 2019 JGR). In addition, Ms. Li, a graduate student in the Division for Land–Ocean Ecosystem Research,
published a study that analyzed the energy transfer pathways of atmospheric ocean waves in the Indian Ocean andrevealed, for the first time, the cycle of seasonal ocean waves (Li & Aiki 2020 GRL). These are the results of the wide
range of educational activities conducted at the ISEE.
One of the important missions of this institute is to create a new academic field by combining space and earth science ata joint usage/research center in Japan. We initiated the ISEE Community Meeting in 2019 for this purpose. This
meeting presents the current status and achievements of joint research in various fields to researchers all over Japan and
we discuss strategies for developing new interdisciplinary studies. To this end, the first meeting was held on June 19,
2019, and the results of the previous year’s work and plans for the future were reviewed for each expert committee. We
will continue conducting this meeting every year.
In addition, the ISEE has since last year conferred the ISEE award to an excellent research activity based on its joint
usage/research program for the purpose of developing the new fields of space–earth environmental research. In FY2019,
the IPS Research Group at the University of California, San Diego, was awarded the 2nd ISEE Award. The award
ceremony was held on January 29, 2020 and Dr. B. V. Jackson, the representative of the group, gave an award-winning
lecture. We will continue to provide this award based on a wide range of recommendations from Japan and theinternational communities.

2 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental ResearchAnother of the ISEE’s important missions is to act as an international research center. In July 2019, Prof. Shiokawa—the
Deputy Director of the ISEE—was elected president of the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP).
This will be the first time that a Japanese scientist will serve as the president of this organization. SCOSTEP is a memberof the International Science Council and promotes a five-year international joint program on solar-terrestrial science. The
ISEE would like to play a central role in SCOSTEP’s activities and develop its role as an international research center.
As part of this, we signed a memorandum of understanding regarding the SCOSTEP Visiting Scholar (SVS) program.
In addition, the “ISEE Summer Internship,” which aims to provide an opportunity for undergraduate students fromJapan and other countries to stay at the ISEE to participate in space–earth environmental research was launched. As partof this, three students from Mexico, France, and the Philippines stayed at the ISEE from August 26 to September 6,
2019, and studied space and ionospheric dynamics at the Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research. At thesame time, they participated in research using actual data and equipment such as atmospheric electric fields, equatorial
plasma bubbles, and thermospheric satellites. We will continue developing this program and contribute to the training ofyoung researchers.
The ISEE hosts more than 50 research meetings every year based on proposals from all over Japan. The ISEE
symposium is a leading international symposium. In FY2019, the 2nd ISEE symposium was held jointly with the 4thInternational Symposium of the Project for Solar-Terrestrial Environment Prediction (PSTEP) from January 28 to 30,
2020. More than 100 researchers from several countries (Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy,
Canada, Belgium, Mexico, India, and Peru) participated in this symposium.
The ISEE is also actively engaged in outreach activities to spread the latest research results widely in society. Of
particular note is the special event titled “Science for the Future Society: Space and Earth” that the ISEE led on Nagoya
University Homecoming Day, on October 19, 2019. We invited Dr. Yuichi Tsuda, the project manager for “Hayabusa 2” atthe Institute of Space and Astronautical Science at JAXA, and Dr. Hiroko Miyahara of Musashino Art University, a former
graduate of the ISEE. They gave lectures and a panel discussion titled “Future of the Universe and Humans” with researchers
from the ISEE. Together with the general participants who filled the venue, we took a valuable opportunity to consider the
future of space–earth environmental research. We also co-sponsored the Rikubetsu Starlight Festival with the Rikubetsu
Space and Earth Science Museum and the Ashoro Animal Fossil Museum. In addition, we organized open laboratories at
the Nagoya University Festival (July 13), lectures for high school students in Aichi Prefecture (July 26), a summer vacation
learning for elementary school students titled “Learn about earthquakes and active faults around Nagoya”(January 31 toAugust 1), and an open seminar titled “Forefront of Astronomy”(August 4) that was co-sponsored by the Nagoya City
Science Museum and Nagoya University Graduate School of Science. Furthermore, to support women researchers and inan effort increase their number in the field, we hosted special lectures by Dr. Kazuyo Tachikawa of the French National
Center for Scientific Research and Dr. Naomi Harada of JAMSTEC, who are globally active female researchers (October 30).
Technological development and rapid changes in the environment will change human society itself. In that context, theperspective that considers the universe and the Earth as one system will become increasingly important. The ISEE
studies the Earth, the Sun, and the universe as one system and contributes to solving global environmental problems andthe development of human achievements in outer space by elucidating the mechanisms and interactions of the various
phenomena that occur therein. I would like to continue to challenge new research. I hope that this annual reportprovides you much information on the activities of the ISEE. We appreciate your continued support and cooperation.

Kanya Kusano
Director, ISEE

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

3

ISEE AwardThe 2nd ISEE Award Ceremony and Commemorative Lecture was held on Jan. 29, 2020.

The 2nd ISEE Award
Aiming to develop space–earth environmental research, promoting interdisciplinary research, and exploring the new
discipline of space–earth environmental research, the ISEE is presenting an ISEE Award to a prominent research activity
that is based on the ISEE Joint Research Program.

The 2nd ISEE Award Winner is University of California San Diego (UCSD) IPS Group, who contributes to space–earth
environmental research through the studies on the improvement of space weather forecasting by the computer-assisted
tomography of interplanetary scintillation data. On behalf of the research group, Dr. B. V. Jackson received an award certificate
and commemorative gift (a trophy). After the award ceremony, a commemorative lecture was held by Dr. B. V. Jackson. Morethan 100 participants participated and made an active discussion with the award winner.
Date:

January 29, 2020, 16:35–18:00

Venue:

Sakata and Hirata Hall in the Nagoya University Higashiyama Campus

Title of the Award Lecture:

Global Heliospheric Remote Sensing: A Brief Recent History

ISEE Award 2019
Winner：UCSD IPS group (Dr. B. V. Jackson, Dr. H. S. Yu, Dr. P. P. Hick, Dr. A. Buffington,
Dr. D. Odstrcil）

Title ： Contribution to Space-Earth Environmental Research through Studies on the
Improvement of Space Weather Forecasting by the Computer-Assisted Tomography ofInterplanetary Scintillation Data
Citation: Dr. Jackson and his colleagues (the UCSD group) have developed a time-dependent
tomography that enables reliable determination of the solar wind speed and density from IPS
observations, with collaboration from the ISEE. Through these ISEE joint research programs, they havedeveloped advanced systems to predict various solar wind parameters including the magnetic field
through the combination of a solar magnetic field model and a solar wind numerical model, known as
ENLIL. The studies have revealed new aspects of the relationship between the coronal and interplanetary
magnetic fields. The results of these studies have been used at the Community Coordinated ModelingCenter of NASA and the Korean Space Weather Center.

Dr. B. V. Jackson

Affiliation and job title of award winners： Dr. Bernard V. Jackson (Research Scientist, CASS/UCSD), Dr. Hsiu-Shan Yu (Post-Doctoral
Scholar, CASS/UCSD), Dr. Paul P. Hick (Data Administrator, San Diego Supercomputer Center/UCSD), Dr. Andrew Buffington(Research Scientist, CASS/UCSD), Dr. Dusan Odstrcil (Research Professor, George Mason University)

4 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental ResearchResearch Highlight 2019

Fig.1

A new satellite-derived air-sea flux dataset
Accurate estimations of global sea surface heat, momentum, and freshwater fluxes are required to understand global
climate change and its complex ocean–atmosphere interactions. A research group led by assistant professor H. Tomita in
the Land–Ocean Ecosystem Research division succeeded in publishing the third-generation open dataset, J-OFURO3.
The dataset was constructed by integrating a large amount of satellite observation data, including observations by thelatest satellite sensors, and allows users to investigate surface flux variation over the last 30 years.

The ocean and atmosphere interact with each other, exchanging energy and matter anddriving our global climate system. To understand the air–sea interactions that control
climate change, it is necessary to understand the actual state of these interactions, the“air–sea flux.” The use of satellite remote-sensing technology is indispensable incovering the vast ocean area. This research utilizes multi-satellite observations,
including the latest satellite microwave sensor on GCOM-W (JAXA). By developing
an advanced estimation algorithm for multiple satellite sensors, we have succeeded inestimating air–sea fluxes over the last 30 years with high accuracy and at a high spatial
resolution. This work has revealed fine-scale flux structures associated with ocean
currents and meso-scale eddies, which were not clear in previous studies. The results
have also been published as an open dataset that can be used in a wide range of researchinterests.

Fig.2

Paper information
Journal： Journal of Oceanography, Vol.75, 171–194, 2019
Authors：Tomita, H., T. Hihara, S. Kako, M. Kubota, and K. Kutsuwada
Title： An introduction to J-OFURO3, a third-generation Japanese ocean flux data set using
remote-sensing observations
DOI： 10.1007/s10872-018-0493-x

Fig. 1： Logo of the J-OFURO.
Fig. 2： Spatial distribution of surface net heat flux around Japan. J-OFURO3 accurately describes the
distribution of heat release associated with complex ocean structures owing to ocean currents and eddies.
Fig. 3： Surface net heat flux distribution associated with oceanic mesoscale eddies: (a, c) anticyclonic,(b, d) cyclonic eddies.
Fig.3

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research5Research Highlight 2019

Fig.1

Operational Solar Flare Forecasting: Benchmarks
and Future Challenges©JAXA

Prof. Leka and Dr. Park organized the ISEE International Workshop “Benchmarks forOperational Solar Flare Forecasts”, in order to undertake for the first time collaborative
research on this topic with 16 institutes from around the world; three workshop papers
from the resulting research have been published in international peer-reviewed journals.

Solar flares are sudden, explosive brightenings in the solar corona; they and their associatedenergetic phenomena can have major impacts on the space environment as well as on economic
and social infrastructure. Thus, predicting the occurrence of solar flares is a critical issue, andFig.2
many space weather forecasting facilities across the world, based at bothPaper information.
government agencies and research centers, provide predictions for solar flares
Journal： Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., Vol.243,
every day. However, no comprehensive and quantitative comparison of36, 2019
Authors：Leka,
K. D. et al.
operational flare prediction performance had yet been conducted.
Title ： A Comparison of Flare Forecasting
Prof. Leka and Dr. Park of the Division for Integrated Studies organized theMethods. II. Benchmarks, Metrics, andPerformance Results for Operational Solar
ISEE International Workshop “Benchmarks for Operational Solar Flare
Flare Forecasting Systems
Forecasts”, which saw participation by 16 institutes from around the world.
DOI： 10.3847/1538-4365/ab2e12
They led the comparison of performance for 19 different prediction methods
Journal： Astrophys. J., Vol.881, 101, 2019
over the period 2016–2017, using both established quantitative evaluation
Authors：Leka, K. D. et al.
Title ： A Comparison of Flare Forecasting
metrics and novel analysis methodologies. There was no single excellent
Methods. III. Systematic Behaviors of Operational
method, but some distinct performance characteristics were found depending
Solar Flare Forecasting Systems
DOI： 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2e11
on particular methodologies. In addition, several diagnostics point toward
Journal： Astrophys. J., Vol.890, 124, 2020
key future improvements to space weather forecasts that can be evaluatedAuthors：Park, S.-H. et al.
against the benchmarks developed through this ISEE international effort.
Fig.1: Photo of ISEE flare forecasting workshop participants.
Fig.2: GOES M2.3 flare event (marked by yellow arrow) at the western limb.

6 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

Title ： A Comparison of Flare Forecasting
Methods. IV. Evaluating Consecutive-day
Forecasting Patterns
DOI： 10.3847/1538-4357/ab65f0

Research Highlight 2019

Fig.1

Forecasting CMEs using IPS observations
Iwai et al (2019) have developed a new coronal mass ejection (CME) arrival time forecasting system, based oninterplanetary scintillation (IPS) observation data derived from ground-based radio telescopes operated by ISEE. Thissystem, which can be applied to future space weather forecasting, improves the accuracy of CME arrival time estimates.

Solar eruptions generate CMEs. Forecasting the arrival of
CMEs is important because they cause significant disturbancesin the Earth environment. CMEs propagating in interplanetary
space scatter radio waves; this phenomenon is called IPS. The
IPS observations using ground-based radio telescopes operated
by ISEE is a useful tool in detecting CMEs. This study
developed a new CME arrival time forecasting system, basedon a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of theinner heliosphere and IPS observation data. This study foundthat the CME simulation that best fitted the ISEE-IPS
observations could accurately predict the time of arrival on
Earth of CMEs. These results suggest that CME arrival time
accuracy can be improved if current MHD simulations areextended to include IPS data.

Fig.2
Fig.2

Paper information
Journal： Earth, Planets and Space, Vol.71, 39, 2019
Authors： Iwai, K., D. Shiota, M. Tokumaru, K. Fujiki, M. Den, and Y. Kubo
Title：Development of a coronal mass ejection arrival time forecasting system using
interplanetary scintillation observations
DOI： 10.1186/s40623-019-1019-5

Fig. 1：(Left) ISEE IPS radio telescope at the
Toyokawa Branch. (Right) Estimated IPS
data derived from the MHD simulation andobserved IPS data.
Fig. 2：Schematic image of IPS observations
detectingapropagating
CME
ininterplanetary space.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research7Research Highlight 2019

Fig.1

Global observation of the electromagnetic waves
that can create radiation belt electrons
A team, led by Mr. Yuhei Takeshita (a student in his second year of the Electrical Engineering Masters course in the Graduate
School of Engineering) and Prof. Kazuo Shiokawa, analyzed electromagnetic wave data obtained from six stations in Canada,
Alaska, Russia, and Finland at subauroral latitudes and determined the longitudinal extent of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves forthe first time.

Magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves, which have typical frequencies of a few
kHz, can accelerate electrons in geospace and produce radiation belts
around the Earth. The quantitative evaluation of radiation belt electrons isimportant for safe and secure space use, because radiation belt electrons
contribute to astronaut radiation doses and can cause spacecraft
malfunctions.
The research group of Prof. Kazuo Shiokawa in the Division for
Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research have deployed geospaceobservation stations at magnetic latitudes of about 60 degrees around thenorth pole, in collaboration with several foreign institutes. Mr. Yuhei
Takeshita (a student in his second year of the Electrical Engineering Masters
course in the Graduate School of Engineering) analyzed electromagnetic
wave data obtained from six stations in Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Finland,and determined the longitudinal extent of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves
for the first time. The results contribute to the quantitative evaluation of
dynamic variation in radiation belt electrons.

Fig.2

Fig.1 ： Antenna to receive electromagnetic radio
waves in ELF/VLF frequency range installed at
Kapuskasing, Canada.
Fig.2： Probability density of magnetospheric ELF/VLF
waves at given longitudinal extent (horizontal axis).
The maximum probability of longitudinal extent can befound at 76 degree.

Paper information
Journal： J. Geophys.Res. Space Physics, Vol. 124, 9881-9892, 2019
Authors： Takeshita, Y., K. Shiokawa, M. Ozaki, J. Manninen, S. Oyama, M. Connors, D. Baishev, V. Kurkin, and A. Oinats
Title： Longitudinal extent of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves using multipoint PWING ground stations at subauroral latitudes
DOI： 10.1029/2019JA026810

8 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental ResearchContents
Foreword ............................................................................................................2
ISEE Award ........................................................................................................4
Research Highlight............................................................................................5
1. History ..............................................................................................................10
2. Organization .................................................................................................... 11
3. Staff ..................................................................................................................12
4. Committee of Other Organizations ................................................................16
5. Joint Research Programs ...............................................................................19
Lists of Accepted Proposals/ Lists of Collaboration Resources

6. Governance .....................................................................................................24
Advisory Board/ Collaborative Research Committee/ Joint Research Technical Committee/ Steering
Committee of the Center for International Collaborative Research/ Steering Committee of the Center for
Integrated Data Science/ Steering Committee of the Center for Orbital and Suborbital Research

7. Finance.............................................................................................................29
External Funding and Industry–Academia–Government Collaborations/ Library/ Properties

8. Research Topics ..............................................................................................31
8-1 Research Divisions ................................................................................................................................... 32
Division for Integrated Studies/ Cosmic-Ray Research/ Heliospheric Research/ Ionospheric andMagnetospheric Research/ Meteorological and Atmospheric Research/ Land–Ocean Ecosystem Research/
Chronological Research

8-2 Research Centers...................................................................................................................................... 60
Center for International Collaborative Research (CICR)/ Integrated Data Science (CIDAS)/ Orbital andSuborbital Observations (COSO)

8-3 Interdisciplinary Researches ................................................................................................................... 66
Project for Solar–Terrestrial Climate Research/ Space–Earth Environment Prediction/ the Interaction of
Neutral and Plasma Atmospheres/ Aerosol and Cloud Formation

9.

Publications and Presentations .....................................................................74
Papers (in refereed Journals, April 2019–March 2020)/ Books (April 2019–March 2020)/ Publication ofProceedings (April 2019–March 2020)/ Conference Presentations (April 2019–March 2020)/ Awards

10. Education ......................................................................................................... 96
Number of Students Supervised by ISEE Staff/ Faculty Members/ Undergraduate Education

11. International Relations .................................................................................... 99
Academic Exchange/ Research Projects/ Visitors from Foreign Institutes/ Seminars by Foreign Visitors

12. Outreach ........................................................................................................ 112
Public Lectures, Open Labs, and School Visits1. History

1. History
Solar-Terrestrial Environment
Laboratory

Hydrospheric AtmosphericResearch Center (HyARC)

May, 1949

April, 1957

Research Institute of Atmospherics,
Nagoya University was established.

April, 1958
Cosmic-ray Research Laboratory,
Faculty of Science, Nagoya University
was established.

The Nagoya University Centerfor Chronological Research

The Water Research Laboratory,
Faculty of Science, Nagoya
University was established.

September, 1973
The Water Research Institute (WRI),
Nagoya University was organized.

February, 1981
The Tandetron Accelerator Laboratory
was established in the Radioisotope
Research Center of Nagoya University.

March, 1982
Installation of the Tandetron
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry(AMS) machine No.1 was completed.

January, 1987
14

Inter-University Service of C
measurements was started with theTandetron AMS machine No.1.

June, 1990

June, 1990
The Solar-Terrestrial Environment
Laboratory (STEL) was established.

April, 1995
The Center for Joint Observations andData Processing was organized.

April, 1993
The Institute for HydrosphericAtmospheric Sciences (IHAS),
Nagoya University was organized.

The Nagoya University Dating andMaterial Research Center was
established.

March, 1997
The Tandetron AMS machine No. 2
was newly introduced.

April, 2000
April, 2001
April, 2003
The Rikubetsu Observatory wasorganized.

The Hydrospheric AtmosphericResearch Center (HyARC), Nagoya
University was established.

The Nagoya University Center for
Chronological Research wasorganized.The CHIME dating system
was transferred from the School of
Science.

April, 2004
The Geospace Research Center was
established.

March, 2006
Laboratory was relocated to the
Higashiyama Campus.

April, 2010

April, 2010

Approved as one of the Joint
Usage/Research Centers.

Approved as one of the Joint
Usage/Research Centers.

October, 2015,

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), merging the laboratory
and two centers, was established.
January, 2016ISEE was approved as one of the Joint Usage/Research Centers.

10

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research2. Organization

2. Organization

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research113. Staff

3. Staff
Director

Kanya Kusano

Vice Director

Joji Ishizaka

Vice Director

Kazuo Shiokawa

Division for Integrated Studies

April 1, 2019–March 31, 2020✱: Concurrent post▲: Left the Institute in the 2019 academic year○: Joined the Institute in the 2019 academic year※: Belongs to Institute for Advanced Research Section

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research

Professor

Kanya Kusano

Professor

Masafumi Hirahara

Professor

Yoshizumi Miyoshi (✱)

Professor

Kazuo Shiokawa (✱)

Associate Professor

Satoshi Masuda

Associate Professor

Yuichi Otsuka

Associate Professor

Takayuki Umeda (✱)

Associate Professor

Satonori Nozawa

Lecturer

Shinsuke Imada

Associate Professor

Masahito Nosé

Assistant Professor

Akimasa Ieda

Associate Professor

Nozomu Nishitani (✱)

Designated Assistant Professor

Yumi Bamba ○※Lecturer

Shin-ichiro Oyama

Designated Assistant Professor

Atsuki Shinbori

Researcher

Priyanka Ghosh ○▲Researcher

Sivakandan Mani ○JSPS Research Fellowship

Shun Imajo ▲ To CIDASDivision for Cosmic-Ray Research
Professor

Yoshitaka Itow

Professor

Hiroyasu Tajima (✱)

Associate Professor

Yutaka Matsubara

Associate Professor

Fusa Miyake

Associate Professor

Fumio Abe (✱)▲

Professor

Akira Mizuno

Lecturer

Akira Okumura

Professor

Michihiro Mochida

Assistant Professor

Hiroaki Menjo

Professor

Nobuhiro Takahashi (✱)

Designated Assistant Professor

Shingo Kazama ※Professor

Kazuhisa Tsuboki (✱)

Designated Assistant Professor

Kazufumi Sato ○Associate Professor

Tomoo Nagahama

Technical AssistantKazuhiro Huruta

Associate Professor

Hirohiko Masunaga

Technical Assistant

Kinji Morikawa

Associate Professor

Taro Shinoda (✱)

Assistant Professor

Sho Ohata ※Assistant Professor

Taku Nakajima

Researcher

Daichi Tsutsumi ○Researcher

Yange Deng ▲Researcher

Fumie Furuzawa

Research Institution Researcher

Minrui Wang ▲Division for Heliospheric Research
Professor

Munetoshi Tokumaru

Associate Professor

Kazumasa Iwai

Assistant Professor

Ken-ichi Fujiki

12 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

Division for Meteorological and Atmospheric Research3. Staff

Division for Land–Ocean Ecosystem ResearchCenter for International Collaborative Research

Professor

Joji Ishizaka

Director • Professor

Kazuo Shiokawa

Professor

Tetsuya Hiyama (✱)

Professor

Tetsuya Hiyama

Associate Professor

Hidenori Aiki

Professor

Akira Mizuno (✱)

Associate Professor

Naoyuki Kurita

Professor

Masayo Minami (✱)

Lecturer

Hatsuki Fujinami

K. D. Leka

Assistant Professor

Yoshihisa Mino

Designated Professor(Cross Appointment)

Lynn Marie Kistler

Researcher

Shun Ohishi ▲ To Visiting Academic

Designated Professor(Cross Appointment)

Researcher

Akiko Mizuno

Associate Professor

Nozomu Nishitani

Researcher

Mengmeng Yang ○Associate Professor

Naoyuki Kurita (✱)

Research Institution Researcher

Qingyang Song

Associate Professor

Satonori Nozawa (✱)

JSPS Research Fellowship

Yuki Kanno ▲Lecturer

Hatsuki Fujinami (✱)

Assistant Professor

Hiroaki Menjo (✱)

Designated Assistant Professor

Masafumi Shoji

Designated Assistant Professor

Claudia Martinez-Calderon ○※Staff

Divison for Chronological Research
Professor

Hiroyuki Kitagawa

Designated Assistant Professor

Sung-Hong Park

Professor

Masayo Minami

Researcher

Hironari Kanamori

Associate Professor

Takenori Kato (✱)

Assistant Professor

Hirotaka Oda

Designated Assistant Professor

Masako Yamane

Research Institution Researcher

Yukiko Kozaka ○Designated Technical Staff

Masami Nishida

Designated Technical Staff

Yuriko Hibi

Technical AssistantYuki Wakasugi ○Foreign Visiting Research Fellow
April 24 – July 24, 2019

Stephen Michael Playfer

May 15 – August 15, 2019

Wen-Yih Sun

August 1 – September 30, 2019 Jean-Pierre St-Maurice
September 24 – December 20, 2019 Abraham Chian-Long Chian
January 25 – May 30, 2020

Veenadhari Bhasakarapantula

March 1 – March 31, 2020

Khan-Hyuk Kim

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research13

3. Staff

Center for Integrated Data Science

Center for Orbital and Suborbital Observations

Director • Professor

Kazuhisa Tsuboki

Director • Professor

Nobuhiro Takahashi

Professor

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Professor

Hiroyasu Tajima

Professor

Joji Ishizaka (✱)

Designated Professor

Hidetaka Tanaka

Professor

Kanya Kusano (✱)

Designated Professor

Masataka Murakami

Associate Professor

Fumio Abe ▲Professor

Joji Ishizaka (✱)

Associate Professor

Takayuki Umeda

Professor

Kazuhisa Tsuboki (✱)

Associate Professor

Takenori Kato

Professor

Masafumi Hirahara (✱)

Associate Professor

Hidenori Aiki (✱)

Associate Professor

Taro Shinoda

Associate Professor

Satoshi Masuda (✱)

Associate Professor

Hidenori Aiki (✱)

Associate Professor

Hirohiko Masunaga (✱)

Designated Associate Professor Kazutaka Yamaoka

Designated Associate Professor

Tomoaki Hori

Assistant Professor

Sho Ohata (✱)※

Lecturer

Shinsuke Imada (✱)

Designated Assistant Professor

Hiroyuki Tomita

Assistant Professor

Akimasa Ieda (✱)

Designated Assistant Professor

Mayumi Yoshioka

Designated Assistant Professor

Haruhisa Iijima

Researcher

Takeharu Kouketsu ○Designated Assistant Professor

Satoshi Inoue ▲Researcher

Yutaka Matsumi

Researcher

Youko Yoshizumi

From Div. for Ionosphericand Magnetospheric Res.

Designated Assistant Professor

Shun Imajo ○Designated Assistant Professor

Sachie Kanada

Research Institution Researcher

Ji Hyun Park ○Designated Assistant Professor

Satoshi Kurita ▲Designated Technical Staff

Tomoko Tanaka

Designated Assistant Professor

Satoko Nakamura ○Designated Assistant Professor

Chae-Woo Jun ○Researcher

YunHee Kang ○Researcher

Norio Umemura

Researcher

Masaya Kato

Researcher

Visiting Academic Staff/Visiting Faculty Members
Visiting Professor

Yoshiya Kasahara

Visiting Professor

Tomo'omi Kumagai

Visiting Professor

Yoshikatsu Kuroda

Takafumi Kaneko

Visiting Professor

Yoko Kokubu ○Researcher

Yoshiki Fukutomi

Visiting Professor

Hiroyuki Shinagawa

Researcher

Yukie Moroda ▲Visiting Professor

Kiyoto Shibasaki ▲Researcher

Sandeep Kumar ○Visiting Professor

Nobuo Sugimoto ○Designated Technical Staff

Mariko Kayaba

Visiting Professor

Kanako Seki

Visiting Professor

Hotaek Park

Designated Technical Staff

Asayo Maeda

Visiting Professor

Yoshinobu Harazono ▲Technical Assistant

Takako Kondo ▲Visiting Associate Professor

Christian Leipe ○Technical Assistant(Research Support Facilitator)

Nanako Hirata

Visiting Associate Professor

Yasunobu Ogawa

Visiting Associate Professor

Shinji Saito ○Visiting Associate Professor

Daikou Shiota

Visiting Associate Professor

Iku Shinohara

Visiting Associate Professor

Toru Tamura ○Visiting Associate Professor

Yasutaka Narusawa(Emeritus Professor)

Toshio Nakamura
Div. for Land–Ocean
Shun Ohishi ○ From
Ecosystem Res.

14

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research3. Staff

Technical Center of Nagoya University
Senior Technician

Akiko Ikeda

Senior Technician

Yasusuke Kojima

Senior Technician

Haruya Minda

Technician

Tetsuya Kawabata

Technician

Tomonori Segawa

Technician

Administration Department
Director,
Administration Department

Takashi Murate ○General Affairs Division
Manager,
General Affairs Division

Mitsuyuki Hirokawa ○Toshiyuki Yokoi ▲Yoshiyuki Hamaguchi

Senior Specialist,
Research Support OfficeSpecialist,
General Affairs Section

Technician

Ryuji Fujimori

Specialist,
General Affairs Section

Hideaki Yano ○Technician

Yasushi Maruyama

Section Head,General Affairs Section

Kazuhiro Yokoyama

Technician

Takayuki Yamasaki

Seiji Tsuruta ▲Technician

Yuka Yamamoto

Assistant Technician

Takumi Adachi

Assistant Technician

Moeto Kyushima

Section Head,General Affairs Section
Section Head,General Affairs Section
Section Head,
Personnel Affairs Section
Section Head,
Research Support OfficeSection Head,
Research Support OfficeSection Head,
Budget Planning Section

Cooperating Research Fellow
Xiuchun Qin
Tzu-Fang Chang
Keisuke Tamura ○Foreign Visiting Cooperation Researcher
May 7 – July 10, 2019

Wen-Chien Lee

Jun 5, 2019 – May 29, 2020

Sneha Yadav

Jun 16 – July 18, 2019

Rangaiah Kariyappa

August 1, 2019 – July 31, 2020 Yuan Xia
September 16 – August 31, 2020

Hyangpyo Kim

September 20 – November 4, 2019 Artem Yu. Gololobov
September 23 – December 13,
Gilda de Lourdes González
2019
October 1 – December 20, 2019 Ram Singh
October 1 – December 31, 2019 Edith Liliana Macotela Cruz
October 1, 2019 – March 31, 2020 Hiroatsu Sato
October 21 – November 21, 2019 Samuel Krucker
December 10, 2019 – January 15, Viswanathan Lakshmi
2020
Narayanan
December 23, 2019 – February 7,
2020

Sudarsanam Tulasiram

Keisuke Yokoe ▲Shoji Asano
Munetika Mizuno
Tadayosi Ito ▲Naoko Hiramatsu ○▲Mirei Miyao ○Leader, General Affairs Section Yoko Nokura ▲Administrator

Yuka Ito

Administrator

Anna Kato ▲Administrator

Asana Goto ○Administrator

Yuka Suzuki ▲Administrator

Hisako Watabe ○Accounting Division
Manager,
Accounting Division
Specialist,
Maintenance Section
Section Head,
Accounting Section
Section Head,
Supplies Section
Section Head,
Supplies Section
Section Head,
Maintenance Section
Leader,Accounting Section

Hiroyuki Ichioka ▲Yoshiyuki Nakano ▲Masashi Shimamura ▲Kiyoko Hasegawa ▲Koji Hattori ○▲Shinichi Nakagawa ▲Youko Yasui ▲Leader, Supplies Section

Yuka Matsuoka ▲Leader, Supplies Section

Tomoyuki Furuhashi ○▲Designated Supervisor

Tadashi Tsuboi

Toyokawa Branch
Designated Technical Staff
Technical Assistant(Research Support Facilitator)

Kayoko Asano
Yasuo Kato

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

15

4.Committee of Other Organizations

4. Committee of Other Organizations
Committee of Other Organizations
Contact Post

Job Title

Organizations

Name of Committee / Title

Joji Ishizaka

Professor

North Pacific Marine Science Organization Co-Chair of Advisory Panel for a CREAMS/PICES(PICES)
Program in East Asian Marginal Seas

Joji Ishizaka

Professor

North Pacific Marine Science Organization Member of Working Group 35: Third North Pacific(PICES)
Ecosystem Report

Joji Ishizaka

Professor

Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP)

Yoshitaka Itow

Professor

Iternational Union of Pure and Applied
Commission C4 member
Physics

Yoshitaka Itow

Professor

Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies,
J-Parc Program Advisory Committee member
KEK

Yoshitaka Itow

Professor

International Symposium for Very HighInternational Advisory Committee member
Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions

Yoshitaka Itow

Professor

Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Conference

International Advisory Committee member

Kanya Kusano

Professor

Earth, Planets and Space (EPS)

Lead Guest Editor

Kazuo Shiokawa

Professor

Committee on Space Research（COSPAR）

Chair of the COSPAR Sub-Commission C1 (The Earth’s
Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere)

Kazuo Shiokawa

Professor

Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial
President
Physics （SCOSTEP)

Kazuo Shiokawa

Professor

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial
Chief Guest Editor
Physics

Hiroyasu Tajima

Professor

B-factory Programme Advisory Committee

Hiroyasu Tajima

Professor

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental
EditorPhysics

Hiroyasu Tajima

Professor

The Scientific World Journal

Hiroyasu Tajima

Professor

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Program Member for IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Program
Committee
Committee

Hiroyasu Tajima

Professor

Multidisciplinary
Institute（MDPI)

DigitalPublishing

Hiroyasu Tajima

Professor

SiPM workshop
Committee

Scientific

Organizing Member for SiPM workshop Scientific Organizing
Committee

Tetsuya Hiyama

Professor

Integrated Land Ecosystem - Atmosphere
Processes Study (iLEAPS), a global research Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) member
project of the Future Earth

16

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

Focal Point of Center for Special Monitoring and Coastal
Environmental Assessment Regional Active Center(CEARAC)

Committee member

Editorial Board member

Guest Editor

4. Committee of Other Organizations

Contact Post

Job Title

Organizations

Name of Committee / Title

Tetsuya Hiyama

Professor

International Arctic Science Committee
Terrestrial Working Group (TWG) member(IASC)

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Professor

Annales Geophysicae

EditorYoshizumi Miyoshi

Professor

Earth and Planetary Physics

EditorYoshizumi Miyoshi

Professor

Earth, Planets and Space (EPS)

Guest Editor

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Professor

Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial
Bureau member
Physics （SCOSTEP）

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Professor

National Science Foundation/Geospace
Steering Committee member
Environment Modeling （NSF/GEM)

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Professor

EU-Horizon 2020: SafeSpace

Advisory Panel

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Professor

Polar Research

Guest Editor

Michihiro Mochida

Professor

Atmospheric Research

Associate Editor

Michihiro Mochida

Professor

Atmospheric Environment

Member of Editorial Advisery Board

Michihiro Mochida

Professor

International Commission on Atmospheric
Comission member
Chemistry and Global Pollution (iCACGP)

Yuichi Otsuka

Associate
Professor

Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences

EditorNozomu Nishitani

Associate
Professor

Earth, Planets and Space (EPS)

Vice Editors-in-Chief /Guest Editor

Nozomu Nishitani

Associate
Professor

Polar Science

Guest Editor

Nozomu Nishitani

Associate
Professor

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network(SuperDARN)

Vice chair of Executive Council

Nozomu Nishitani

Associate
Professor

SuperDARN 2019 Workshop Organizing
Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) chair
Committee

Satonori Nozawa

Associate
Professor

EISCAT Scientific Association

Council member

Satonori Nozawa

Associate
Professor

Earth, Planets and Space (EPS)

Guest Editor

Masahito Nosé

Associate
Professor

Earth, Planets and Space (EPS)

Editor /Guest Editor

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research174. Committee of Other Organizations

Contact Post

Job Title

Organizations

Name of Committee / Title

Masahito Nosé

Associate
Professor

International Association of Geomagnetism
Division V Chair
and Aeronomy (IAGA)

Hirohiko Masunaga

Associate
Professor

World Climate Research Programme(WCRP) Global Energy and Water cycle GEWEX Data and Analysis Panel (GDAP) member
Exchanges (GEWEX)

Hirohiko Masunaga

Associate
Professor

National
Aeronautics
Administration (NASA)

Toshio Nakamura

Visiting
Faculty

Radiocarbon

18

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

and

Space

ACCP Science Community Cohort

Member of Editorial Board

5. Joint Research Programs

5. Joint Research Programs
One of the major functions of ISEE is to promote and conduct collaborative research on Space–EarthEnvironmental Science together with researchers from universities and institutes outside ISEE. On January 14, 2016,ISEE was certified as a core research institution of Space–Earth Environmental Science, a “Joint Usage/ResearchCenter” as defined by the MEXT of Japan. We prepared application forms for joint research programs focusing on thefollowing two research issues: he “Study of coupling processes in the solar–terrestrial system using ground-based
observation networks” and the “Establishment of an international collaborative research hub to solve research issues in
the global (terrestrial) environment and space applications based on comprehensive studies of the space–Sun–Earthsystem.” The former focuses on coupling processes in the solar–terrestrial system and the interactions of neutral andplasma components in the Earth’s atmosphere by establishing an international ground-based observation network
ranging from low- to high- latitude regions, especially in Asia and Africa. The latter aims to establish an international
collaborative research hub for comprehensive studies of the space–Sun–Earth system, space applications, space weather
forecasting, and environmental problems such as global warming. The following 10 research programs were prepared
for application during the 2019 Japanese fiscal year. The ISEE symposium became an independent category from the
ISEE/CICR International Workshop and the announcement for the 2020–2021 ISEE symposium was conducted threemonths prior to other programs. In addition, the SCOSTEP Visiting Scholar program, which was conducted by the
ISEE/CICR, will be incorporated into joint use and joint research from FY2020.
01) Joint Research Program (International)
02) ISEE International Joint Research Program (*)03) ISEE/CICR International Workshop
04) Joint Research Program (General)05) Joint Research Program (Student Encouragement)
06) Joint Research Program (Symposium)07) Joint Research Program (Computing Infrastructure)08) Joint Research Program (Database Management)09) Joint Research Program (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Analysis)10) Carbon 14 Analysis Service(*) Applicable only to foreign researchers

These collaborative research programs will be executed using the instruments, software/databases, and facilities
of ISEE. Joint research programs 01) to 03), described above, will be managed by the Center for International
Collaborative Research (CICR), and those of 07) and 08) will be managed by the Center for Integrated Data Science(CIDAS) and 09) –10) will be managed by the Division for Chronological Research.
In 2019, the second ISEE symposium was held at Nagoya University from January 28 to 30, 2020, entitled “Toward theSolar–Terrestrial Environmental Prediction as Science and Social Infrastructure,” and was co-hosted with the 4th PSTEPInternational Symposium (PSTEP-4), a program led by Professor Kanya Kusano who is the director of ISEE. The second
ISEE Award was awarded to the UCSD IPS group (Dr. B. V. Jackson, Dr. H. S. Yu, Dr. P. P. Hick, Dr. A. Buffington, and Dr.
D. Odstrcil) for their great contribution to space–Earth environmental research through their studies on the improvement of
space weather forecasting through the computer-assisted tomography of IPS data. The award ceremony and memorial
lecture were held at Nagoya University on January 29, 2020.

One of the notable activities in FY2019 was a community meeting held in June 2019 inviting the researchers of the
Joint Usage/Research program to provide opportunities to communicate among research projects. In addition, we
switched the proposal application system from an email basis to a web-basis with support from the Research
Organization of Information and Systems. The new system was introduced for the FY2020 program applications.
Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research195. Joint Research Programs

Lists of Accepted Proposals
 ISEE International Joint Research Program
ProposerAffiliation*

Job title*

Corresponding
ISEE researcher

Title of the research program

David Tsiklauri

Queen Mary University of
LondonSenior Lecturer(Tenured Associate
Professor)

Kusano, K.

Investigation of the role of kink MHD waves in flare
trigger model

Stepan Poluianov

University of Oulu, Finland

Postdoctoral
Researcher

Kurita, N.

Model
of
production-transport-depositionofcosmogenic isotopes over Antarctica with verification
with experimental data

R. Kariyappa

Indian Institute of
Astrophysics

former Professor &Chairman

Kusano, K.
Imada, S.

UV & EUV Solar Irradiance Variability and theirimpacts on Earth’s Climate & Space Weather

Tulasiram
Sudarsanam

Indian Institute ofGeomagnetism

Associate
Professor

Shiokawa, K.

Prompt penetration of convection/overshielding
electric fields during the onset of substorms

Baolin Tan

National Astronomical
Observatories of Chinese
Academy of Sciences(NAOC)

Professor

Masuda, S.

Testing diagnosing of the coronal magnetic field fromsolar radio observations

Matthias Förster

GFZ German ResearchCentre for Geosciences

Senior Scientist(retired)

Nishitani, N.

Relation of Swarm satellite and SuperDARN
ground-based ion drift measurements

Iskhaq Iskandar

Sriwijaya University

Professor

Ishizaka, J.

Variability in satellite-derived surface chlorophyll-a,
Ekman transport and sea surface temperature in the
Banda Sea

AnukulBuranapratheprat

Burapha University

Assistant
Professor, Facultyof Science

Ishizaka, J.

Detection and modeling of green Noctiluca bloom in
the Gulf of Thailand using satellite ocean color

Mykola Gordovskyy

University of Manchester

Research
Associate

Kusano, K.

Fluid-kinetic modelling of magnetic reconnection insolar flares and their impact on the heliosphere

Viswanathan L.
Narayanan

National AtmosphericResearch Laboratory

INSPIRE Faculty

Shiokawa, K.
Otsuka, Y.

Seth Claudepierre

The Aerospace Corporation

Member of theTechnical Staff

Miyoshi, Y.

Samuel Krucker

Univeristy of Applied
Sciences Northwestern
Switzerland

Professor

Masuda, S.

The NoRH/RHESSI flare catalogue: statistical paper
and planning for the future

Kim Nielsen

Utah Valley University

Associate
Professor

Nozawa, S.

Energetics of Arctic stratospheric and mesosphericcoupling due to small-scale gravity waves

Pravata K. Mohanty

Tata Institute ofFundamental Research(TIFR)

Fellow

Matsubara, Y.

Tomographic study of galactic cosmic anisotropy innear-Earth space by multi-directional cosmic rayobservations

Ondrej Santolik

Institute of AtmosphericPhysics

Senior Research
Scientist / Professor

Miyoshi, Y.

Investigation of electromagnetic wave phenomenausing multipoint measurements

Hiroatsu Sato

German Aerospace Center(DLR)

Research Scientist

Otsuka, Y.

Imaging meter-scale density irregularities associatedwith midlatitude TIDs

Investigation of the relationship between nighttime
electrified medium scale traveling ionosphericdisturbances and middle latitude spread F
Collaborative radiation belt science: Using
multi-spacecraft observations to further our
understanding of wave-particle interactions in the
Earth’s magnetosphere* Proposer’s affiliation and job title are as of the proposal submission date.

20 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research5. Joint Research Programs

 ISEE/CICR International Workshop
ProposerAffiliation*

Job title*

Corresponding
ISEE researcher

Title of the research program

Kazuo Shiokawa

Nagoya University

Professor

Shiokawa, K.

VarSITI summarizing workshop

Toru Terao

Kagawa University

Professor

Fujinami, H.

International workshop on decadal challenges for theconvincing climate projection and S2S scaleprediction of Asian monsoon system

Noriyuki Narukage

National Astronomical
Observatory of Japan

Assistant
Professor

Tajima, H.
Masuda, S.

FOXSI data analysis workshop* Proposer’s affiliation and job title are as of the proposal submission date.

List of Collaboration Resources
 Instruments
NameContact Person

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer for Atmospheric Composition Measurement (Rikubetsu)

T. Nagahama

Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers

K. Shiokawa

ISEE Magnetometer Network

K. Shiokawa

ELF/VLF Network

K. Shiokawa

Sodium LIDAR (Tromsø)

S. Nozawa

MF Radar (Tromsø)

S. Nozawa

Meteor Radar (Alta)

S. Nozawa

Solar Neutron Telescope (Norikura Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, the University of Tokyo)

Y. Matsubara

Low-Background Beta-Ray Counter

N. Kurita

Multi-Station IPS Solar Wind Observation System (Toyokawa, Fuji, and Kiso)

M. Tokumaru

Nobeyama Radioheliograph

S. Masuda

Multi-Directional Cosmic Ray Muon Telescope (Nagoya)Y. Matsubara

SuperDARN Hokkaido Pair of (HOP) Radars (Rikubetsu)

N. Nishitani

Upper Air Sounding Systems (two sets)

K. Tsuboki

Polarimetric Radar Systems (two sets)

K. Tsuboki

Ka-Band Polarimetric Radar

K. Tsuboki

Hydrometeor Video Sonde (HYVIS) System

K. Tsuboki

ISEE Riometer Network

K. Shiokawa

Sea Spray Aerosol Optical Particle Counter

H. AikiFive-Wavelength Photometer (Tromsø)

S. Nozawa Software/Databases
NameContact Person

Atmospheric Composition Data by FT-IR Measurements (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

T. Nagahama

NO2 and O3 Data by UV/Visible Spectrometer Measurements (Moshiri and Rikubetsu)

T. Nagahama

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research21

5. Joint Research Programs

Name
Coordinated Magnetic Data Along 210° Magnetic Meridian(Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Kagoshima, and Overseas MM Stations)
All-Sky Auroral Data (Canada, Alaska, and Siberia)

Contact Person
K. Shiokawa
K. Shiokawa, Y. Miyoshi

Database of the Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers

K. Shiokawa

VHF Radar/GPS Scintillation (Indonesia)

Y. Otsuka

EISCAT Database

S. Nozawa, S. Oyama

ELF/VLF Wave Data

K. Shiokawa

Interplanetary Scintillation Data

M. Tokumaru

Solar Wind Speed Data

M. Tokumaru

Cosmic Ray Intensity Database

Y. Matsubara

MHD Simulation on the Magnetospheric Environment

T. Umeda

S-RAMP Database

F. AbeCAWSES Database

F. AbeHinode Science Center, Nagoya University

K. Kusano

ERG Science Center

Y. Miyoshi

QL Plot Archive of Satellite Data for Integrated Studies

Y. Miyoshi

Remei Satellite Observation Database

M. Hirahara

MOA Database

F. AbeSuperDARN Hokkaido Pair of (HOP) Radars Database

N. Nishitani

Numerical Simulation Codes for Plasma Kinetics

T. Umeda

Cloud Resolving Strom Simulator (CReSS)

K. Tsuboki

Satellite Data Simulator Unit (SDSU)

H. Masunaga

ISEE Riometer Network Database

K. Shiokawa

Energy Flux Diagnosis Code for Atmospheric and Oceanic Waves

H. Aiki Facilities
Name
Computer System for Solar-Terrestrial Environmental Research (Supercomputer System)
CHN Analyzer, Isotope Ratio Mass SpectrometerContact Person
F. Abe, T. Umeda
Y. MinoTandetron Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

H. Kitagawa, M. Minami

Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA)

T. KatoIon/Electron Beamline and Calibration Facility

M. Hirahara

Clean Room Facility for Instrument Development

M. Hirahara

CIDAS System

S. Masuda, T. Umeda,
Y. Miyoshi

X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF)

T. KatoX-Ray Diffractometer (XRD)

T. Kato22 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research5. Joint Research Programs

Name

Contact Person

Facilities at Moshiri Observatory

A. Mizuno

Facilities at Rikubetsu Observatory

A. Mizuno

Facilities at Kiso Station

M. Tokumaru

Facilities at Fuji Observatory

M. Tokumaru

Facilities at Kagoshima Observatory

K. Shiokawa

ISEE Award
WinnerUniversity of California San Diego IPS Group(Dr. B. V. Jackson, Dr. H. S. Yu, Dr. P. P. Hick,
Dr. A. Buffington, Dr. D. Odstrcil）

Title

Date of Award
Ceremony

Contribution to Space-Earth Environmental Research throughStudies on the Improvement of Space Weather Forecasting by
the Computer-Assisted Tomography of Interplanetary
Scintillation Data

Jan. 29, 2020

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research23

6. Governance

6. Governance
As of Mar 31, 2020

Advisory Board
Mamoru Ishii

Space Environment Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information
and Communications Technology

Takaaki Kajita

Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo

Takeshi Kawano

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Nobuko Saigusa

Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies

Yukari N. Takayabu

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo

Takuji Nakamura

National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems

Tsuneto Nagatomo

Nara University of Education

Toru Hada

Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University

Hironobu Hyodo

Research Institute of National Sciences, Okayama University of Science

Masahiro Hoshino

Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Kazuhisa Mitsuda

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Tetsuzo Yasunari

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, National Institutes for the Humanities

Mamoru Yamamoto

Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University

Junichi Watanabe

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Hiroshi Ikuta

Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University

Yasushi Yamaguchi

Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University

Tomohiko Watanabe

Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University

Joji Ishizaka

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Yoshitaka Itow

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Hiroyuki Kitagawa

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Kazuo Shiokawa

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Nobuhiro Takahashi

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Munetoshi Tokumaru Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
Masafumi Hirahara

24

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research6. GovernanceCollaborative Research Committee
Akira Kadokura

Polar Environment Data Science Center, Joint Support -Center for Data Science Research, Research
Organization of Information and Systems

Kazuyuki Kita

College of Science, Ibaraki University

Yuki Kubo

Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology

Yoko S. Kokubu

Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Akinori Saitou

Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University

Takeshi Sakanoi

Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

Shoichi Shibata

College of Engineering, Chubu University

Kanako Seki

Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Yoichiro Hanaoka

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Atsushi Higuchi

Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University

Ayako Matsuoka

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Hiroyuki Matsuzaki

The University Museum, The University of Tokyo

Takashi Minoshima

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Akihiko Morimoto

Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University

Hiroyuki Yamada

Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus

Yuichi Otsuka

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Takenori Kato

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Kanya Kusano

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Naoyuki Kurita

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Kazuo Shiokawa

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Taro Shinoda

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Nobuhiro Takahashi

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Munetoshi Tokumaru Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
Nozomu Nishitani

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Masahito NoséInstitute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Satoshi Masuda

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Hirohiko Masunaga

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Yutaka Matsubara

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Masayo Minami

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Kazuhisa Tsuboki

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research25

6. Governance

Joint Research Technical Committee
Integrated Studies Technical Committee
Ayumi Asai

Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University

Yuto Katoh

Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

Iku Shinohara

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Kanako Seki

Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Hirohisa Hara

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Akimasa Yoshikawa

Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University

Takayuki Umeda

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Kanya Kusano

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Satoshi Masuda

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Heliospheric and Cosmic-Ray Research Technical Committee
Chihiro Kato

Faculty of Science, Shinshu University

Shoichi Shibata

College of Engineering, Chubu University

Tomoko Nakagawa

Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology

Yasuhiro Nariyuki

University of Toyama

Tohru Hada

Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University

Yoichiro Hanaoka

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Yoshitaka Itow

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Kazumasa Iwai

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Munetoshi Tokumaru Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
Yutaka Matsubara

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Technical Committee

26

Takumi Abe

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agenc

Yoshiya Kasahara

Information Media Center, Kanazawa University

Akinori Saito

Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University

Shin Suzuki

Faculty of Regional Policy, Aichi University

Yuichi Otsuka

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Satonori Nozawa

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Masahito NoséInstitute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research6. GovernanceMeteorological, Atmospheric and Land-Ocean Ecosystem Research Technical Committee
Yoshizumi Kajii

Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University

Kenshi Takahashi

Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University

Atsushi Higuchi

Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University

Masafumi Hirose

Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo
University

Akihiko Morimoto

Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University

Naoyuki Kurita

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Tomoo Nagahama

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Hirohiko Masunaga

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Akira Mizuno

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Chronological Research Technical Committee
Yoko S. Kokubu

Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Motohiro Tsuboi

Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei
Gakuin University

Hiroyuki Matsuzaki

The University Museum, The University of Tokyo

Katsuyoshi
Michibayashi

Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University

Hiromi Yamazawa

Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University

Naoto Yamamoto

Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University

Takenori Kato

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Hiroyuki Kitagawa

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Masayo Minami

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Fusa Miyake

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Airplane Usage Technical Committee
Seiho Uratsuka

Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology

Kazuyuki Kita

College of Science, Ibaraki University

Makoto Koike

Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Akihiko Kondo

Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University

Hiroyuki Yamada

Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus

Taro Shinoda

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Nobuhiro Takahashi

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Hiroyasu Tajima

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research27

6. GovernanceSteering Committee of the Center for International Collaborative Research
Yusuke Ebihara

Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University

Wallis Simon

Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Yoichiro Hanaoka

Solar Science Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institute of Natural
ScienceAkihiko Morimoto

Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University

Kazuo Shiokawa

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Nozomu Nishitani

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Tetsuya Hiyama

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Steering Committee of the Center for Integrated Data Science
Shin-ichiro Shima

Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo

Tohru Hada

Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University

Masahiro Hoshino

Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Kazuhisa Mitsuda

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Koshi Yamamoto

Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University

Junichi Watanabe

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Fumio Abe

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Takenori Kato

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Kanya Kusano

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Kazuhisa Tsuboki

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Steering Committee of the Center for Orbital and Suborbital Research

28

Riko Oki

Earth Observation Research Center, Space Technology Directorate I, Japan Aerospace Exploration
AgencyKazuyuki Kita

College of Science, Ibaraki University

Masato Nakamura

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Hiroyuki Yamada

Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus

Nobuhiro Takahashi

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Hiroyasu Tajima

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Masafumi Hirahara

Institute for Space‒Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research7. Finance

7. Finance
External Funding and Industry–Academia–Government Collaborations
Researches of ISEE members as principle investigator were supported by the following external funds.
Kakenhi category

Number of subjects

Total amount (JPY)

Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research

160,320,000

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas

8

93,540,000

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)3105,170,000

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)566,080,000

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)1258,110,000

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)67,280,000

Challenging Research (Exploratory)

6

13,910,000

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)13,120,000

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)22,210,000

Early-Career Scientists

3

4,550,000

Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow

2

14,300,000

Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (International Group)1

14,950,000

Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint
International Research (B)42,600,000

Total

54

446,140,000

・Fifty-four research subjects listed in the table were supported by the JSPS Kakenhi.
・Thirty research subjects received total 174,038,009 JPY from governmental funds except KAKENHI, and from otheruniversities and companies. Thirteen of them were collaborative researches between ISEE and companies, or
national institutes.
・Nine research subjects received total 5,730,160 JPY of donation.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research29

7. Finance

Library
 Library, Solar-Terrestrial Sciences(ISEE Libary #1)

 Library, Hydrospheric-Atmospheric
Sciences (ISEE Library #2)

Book

Book

Japanese

2,985Japanese

4,726

Foreign

11,154Foreign

8,869

Journals

Journals

Japanese

47

Japanese

275

Foreign

207

Foreign249

Properties

30

Site (m2)

Bulidings (m2)Location

Higashiyama Campus(Main campus of Nagoya University)

-

9,005

NagoyaToyokawa Campus

94,212

1,461

Toyokawa

Moshiri Observatory

110,534

325

Hokkaido

Rikubetsu Observatory

24,580167

Hokkaido

Kagoshima Observatory

13,449287

Kagoshima

Fuji Observatory

19,926

174

Yamanashi

Sugadaira Station

3,300

0

NaganoKiso Station

6,240

66

NaganoTotal

272,241

11,485

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8. Research Topics

8. Research Topics
The mission of the ISEE is to understand the mechanisms and interactions of diverse processes occurring in the integrated
space–Sun–Earth system to deal with global environmental problems and to contribute to human society in the space age. To
develop this new research field, four Projects of Interdisciplinary Research are being studied with seven Research Divisions(Divisions for Integrated Studies, Cosmic Ray Research, Heliospheric Research, Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research,
Meteorological and Atmospheric Research, Land–Ocean Ecosystem Research, and Chronological Research). The “Project forSpace–Earth Environmental Prediction” aims to develop our understanding and predictive capabilities of the influences of solar
dynamics and atmosphere–ocean activities on the global environment. The “Project for the Interaction of Neutral and Plasma
Atmospheres” aims to improve our understanding of the relation between the Earth’s atmosphere and space using a global
observation network of interactions between the upper plasma and middle atmosphere. The “Project for Solar–Terrestrial Climate
Research” aims to observe the long-term variability in the solar activity over more than several thousands of years throughradioisotopes and to examine the influences of the solar activity on the atmosphere using observations and models to understand theinfluence of solar activity on global climate variability. The “Project for Aerosol and Cloud Formation” aims to understand theprocesses that form cloud and precipitation particles from aerosol particles considering the influence of cosmic rays and theprocesses of scattering and absorption of radiation by clouds and aerosol particles using experiments, field observations, andsimulations.

ISEE has also three Research Centers to contribute to national and international research development of the relevant
disciplines in cooperation with the Research Divisions. The Center for International Collaborative Research (CICR)
conducts extensive observations with four domestic observatories (Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Fuji, and Kagoshima) and a global
observation network and enhances collaboration and joint research with domestic and international researchers andinstitutions. The Center for Integrated Data Science (CIDAS) conducts infrastructure and research development of intensive
studies of the space–Sun–Earth system through the analysis of big data and advanced computer simulations. The Center for
Orbital and Suborbital Observation (COSO) conducts planning and technological development of research using orbital andsuborbital observation vehicles, such as aircraft, balloons, rockets, and satellites, with national and international networks.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research318-1. Research Divisions

Division for Integrated Studies

 Solar flare · CME
 Inner-magnetosphere · Radiation belt Aurora substorm
 Space weather · Space storm
 Space climate · Long-term variations of the Sun Space plasma Computer simulation
 Data assimilation

In the Division for Integrated Studies, we conduct a study aiming at the comprehensive understanding and prediction ofvarious phenomena in the solar-terrestrial system, using advanced computer simulation and data analysis. In particular, we
promote studies leading to the elucidation of various phenomena, such as solar cycle, solar flares, coronal mass ejections(CMEs), geomagnetic storms, and aurora, where the nonlinear interaction and intercoupling reaction between different
systems play an important role. We are leading a nationwide project for the understanding and prediction of solar-terrestrial
environment variability and the various influences of these phenomena on social life based on the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research on Innovative Area from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). We are also
promoting scientific projects of satellite missions (Hinode and ERG satellites) observing the Sun and geo-space in cooperation
with the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, and National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. The faculty
members of this division are responsible for the education in Graduate Schools of Science and Engineering at Nagoya
University. The graduate students of both schools and the undergraduate students of the Engineering School cooperate in a
multilateral way and advance the integrated study of the solar-terrestrial environment.

Main Activities in FY2019
Operational solar flare forecasting: International workshop on benchmarks, performance,
and future challenges
Solar flares are sudden, explosive brightenings in the solar corona; they and their associated phenomena can have
major impacts not only on the space environment, but also on social infrastructure such as satellites, astronauts, electric
power, communication, and aviation. For this reason, predicting the occurrence of solar flares is a critical issue bothscientifically and socially, and many space weather forecasting organizations across the world, including government
agencies and research centers, work to predict solar flares every day. However, a quantitative comparison of operationalflare prediction performance had not been previously conducted. Prof. Leka and Dr. Park of the Division for Integrated
Studies organized the ISEE international workshop “Benchmarks for Operational Solar Flare Forecasts,” cooperating with
16 institutes from Japan, the USA, the UK, Korea, Australia, Ireland, Greece, and Belgium, to undertake this task for the
first time. The comparison focused on the predictive ability of 18 different methods over the January 2016 to December
2017 timeframe. The analysis involved both overall quantitative evaluation metrics and an investigation into why thevarious methods performed differently. The results found no particularly excellent predictive system but did give someindication of how the systems might be improved. Of note, Leka and Park developed a new method of evaluating
multi-day forecasts, a crucial measure of performance when the solar flaring rate fluctuates. Unfortunately, it was foundthat none of the operational systems could reliably predict the first large flare from a solar active region. The developed
methodologies and results clarify our present prediction capabilities and will play an essential role in the advancement of
space weather forecasting in the future. (Leka et al., ApJ Suppl, 2019, Leka et al., ApJ, 2019, and Park et al., ApJ, 2020)

32

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

Effect of the morphological asymmetry of sunspot on solar cycle prediction
Leading sunspots are more coherent than following spots. This well-known feature of sunspots was first described in the
1950s. However, the impact of this asymmetry on the evolution of the solar surface magnetic field have not been discussed.
We, for the first time, investigated the importance of the morphological asymmetry between leading and following sunspots tosolar cycle prediction. Using the surface flux transport model to mimic the evolution of the magnetic field on the solar surface,
we found that this morphological asymmetry strongly reduces the polar magnetic field, resulting in the reduction of the next
cycle amplitude. SFT simulations based on the observed sunspot record show that the introduction of morphologicalasymmetry reduces the difference from the observed polar magnetic field by 30%–40%. These results indicate the strong
impact of morphological asymmetry on solar cycle prediction. (Iijima, Hotta, and Imada, ApJ, 2019)

Ion–neutral collision frequencies for calculating ionospheric conductivity
Molecular oxygen collides with its first positive ion in the Earth’s ionosphere. The collision frequency of this particle pairis used to calculate the electric conductivity of the ionosphere. However, for this parental pair there are two collision types,
resonant and nonresonant, and the selection of the collision type has differed among previous studies on the calculation of
conductivity. In the present study, we clarify that nonresonant collision is physically essential for this pair because the relevanttemperatures are low. The ionospheric conductivity peak occurs at altitudes between 100 and 130 km, where the temperaturesof the ions and neutral particles are usually lower than 600 K, and at these temperatures nonresonant collisions are dominant.
The collision frequency would be underestimated by 30% if resonant collision was assumed at an altitude of 110 km (where
the temperature is 240 K). The impact of this difference on the conductivity is estimated to be small (3%), primarily because
molecular nitrogen is much more abundant than molecular oxygen. Although we have confirmed that nonresonant collision isessential, we also include resonant-type collision, primarily to allow for possible elevated temperature events. A set of ion–
neutral collision frequency coefficients for calculating the conductivity, including other particle pairs, are summarized in the
Appendices. Small corrections to the traditional coefficients are mad. (Ieda, JGR Space Physics, 2020)

Vlasov-code simulation of contact discontinuities
The stability of contact discontinuities formed by the relaxation of two Maxwellian plasmas with different number
densities but the same plasma thermal pressure was studied by means of a one-dimensional electrostatic full-Vlasov simulation.
Our simulation runs, with various combinations of ion-to-electron ratio in the high-density and low-density regions, showedthat transition layers of density and temperature without a jump in plasma thermal pressure, are obtained when the electron
temperatures in the high-density and low-density regions are almost equal to each other. However, a stable structure of thecontact discontinuity with a sharp transition layer on the Debye scale is not maintained. It is suggested that non-Maxwellian
velocity distributions are necessary for a stable structure of contact discontinuity. (Umeda et al., Phys. Plasma, 2019)

Propagation and mode conversion of plasmaspheric equatorial noise
We investigated the propagation process of equatorial noise (X-mode whistler waves from Arase and the Van Allen
Probes). We discovered a mode conversion from equatorial noise to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, associatedwith ion composition variations, which contributes to the origin of plasmaspheric EMIC waves. Moreover, we found that
equatorial noise contributes to the significant heating of a few keV ions inside the plasmasphere. (Miyoshi et al., GRL, 2019)

Ion outflow and transportation of oxygen ions, from Arase and MMS observations
Whether the oxygen in the plasma sheet and the inner magnetosphere originates from the dayside cusp and/ornightside aurora region is not well understood. Using simultaneous observations of Arase and MMS, together with particle
trajectory tracing, we found that the oxygen ions in the lobe regions come from the cusp, while the oxygen burst comesfrom the night side aurora region. (Kistler, Miyoshi, Hori et al., JGR Space Physics, 2019)

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research338-1. Research Divisions.
Meridional distribution of plasma parameters and currents in the inner magnetosphere
We examined the average meridional distribution of plasma parameters and pressure-driven currents in the innermagnetosphere using data from the Arase satellite. We found that plasma pressure decreases significantly with increasing
magnetic latitude (MLAT). The pressure anisotropy, derived as the perpendicular pressure divided by the parallel pressure
minus 1, decreased with radial distance and showed a weak dependence on MLAT. The theoretical value of the plasmapressure, estimated from the magnetic strength and anisotropy, was roughly consistent with the observed plasma pressure.
The azimuthal pressure-gradient current derived from the plasma pressure was distributed over MLAT 0–20°, while thecurvature current was limited within MLAT 0–10°. We suggest that latitudinal dependence should be considered in theinterpretation of plasma parameters in successive orbits during magnetic storms. (Imajo et al., JGR Space Physics, 2019)

Nonlinear wave–particle interaction analysis between EMIC waves and ions: Arase observations
EMIC emissions with various frequency changes are observed by the Arase spacecraft. The EMIC rising tone wave
has been previously studied by applying a wave–particle interaction analysis (WPIA) method to the spacecraft data. By thesame method, we obtain the phase angle between the particle and the wave field, to analyze the nonlinear resonant currents
controlling the energy transfer and wave frequency drift. We use the WPIA method with Arase electromagnetic field andion particle data to analyze the nonlinear mechanisms of the EMIC emissions with different frequency evolutions. The
WPIA of an EMIC falling tone emission, observed on November 15, 2017, indicated that nonlinear resonant currents
controlled the frequency decrease and significant wave growth. The existence of the proton hill predicted by the nonlinear
growth theory is shown in the phase angle distribution of the proton flux. The motion of the proton hill in phase space,which forms the nonlinear resonant currents, is also discussed. Concurrent generation of rising and falling tone emissions
at different frequencies with the same proton energy is also suggested by the WPIA results.

Azimuthally propagating ionospheric flow fluctuations
Ionospheric flow fluctuations observed by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars during
magnetic storms were examined using plasma and field observations made by satellites in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere.
The radar observations showed that the flow fluctuations had a frequency of ~1 mHz and propagated westward with aspeed of several hundreds of m/s. Simultaneous satellite observations at conjugate points in the magnetosphere revealed an
association between flow fluctuations and ring current pressure enhancement. These results indicate thatwestward-propagating ionospheric flow fluctuations could be directly driven by westward-drifting ring current ions.

Statistical investigation of chorus wave propagation in the inner magnetosphere
Chorus emissions are electromagnetic waves in nature that are spontaneously generated in the magnetosphere. These waves
have attracted attention as they play crucial roles in the acceleration and loss of high-energy electrons in the inner magnetosphere.
Chorus waves are generated near the magnetic equator, and propagate toward higher latitudes. Based on ray tracing studies, it ispredicted that the wave-vector of chorus waves deviates from the local magnetic field as the wave propagates toward higher
latitudes. However, based on the statistical investigation of chorus observations by the Arase satellite, we found that the majorityof chorus wave vectors are aligned to the local magnetic field, even when the waves are observed at higher latitudes. These results
indicate that canonical ray tracing studies require correction to explain the wave-vector direction observed by the Arase satellite.

Investigation of ion transportation: Arase observations
We investigated the “trunk structures” that show specific ion distribution characteristics in the energy–time diagram.
Using two-year data from the Arase/LEPi instrument, we found that: 1) most of the trunk structures were seen pre-midnight;2) the MLT distribution depends on the ion energy; and 3) trunk structures can frequently be found for He+, while theiroccurrence for H+ is very rare, suggesting that charge exchange controls trunk occurrence. We conducted a particle tracing

34

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

computer simulation, and found that not only large-scale potential electric fields, but local electric fields like subauroralpolarization streams, are essential to form trunk structures. This result suggests that the deformation of the electric fields
associated with substorms plays an essential role in the transport of plasma sheet ions into the inner magnetosphere.

Spatial distributions of EMIC waves, depending on geomagnetic conditions
EMIC waves are known to be excited in the magnetic equator of the magnetosphere by ion cyclotron instability
owing to energetic ion temperature anisotropy. To determine the influence of geomagnetic conditions on the generation of
EMIC waves, Arase and the Van Allen Probes observed EMIC waves in the inner magnetosphere, under various
geomagnetic conditions, in 2017–2018. We found that the occurrence of EMIC waves shows clear dependence on
geomagnetic conditions. During quiet geomagnetic conditions, H+ EMIC waves have peak occurrences in the morning
sector at higher L shells, without any energetic particle input, while He+ EMIC waves are frequently observed on the daysideof the magnetosphere where the cold plasmaspheric ions and hot ring current plasma are mixed. In contrast, during disturbed
conditions, EMIC waves were mainly detected in the noon to afternoon sector, owing to the increasing temperature
anisotropy caused by injected energetic ions and ring current development. The present study provides observational
evidence that the major driver of EMIC waves is dependent on geomagnetic conditions and generation region.

Modulation of Pc1 wave ducting by equatorial plasma bubbles
Based on the Swarm satellite observations, Kim and his colleagues presented the first observational evidence that
ducting Pc1 waves are modulated by equatorial plasma bubbles. They also showed excellent correspondence between
wave intensity and electron density. (Kim, Shiokawa et al., GRL, 2020)

Establishment of a scheme for predicting extreme ultraviolet radiation associated with solar flares
Extreme ultraviolet radiation from solar flares can cause serious harm, such as loss of communication or satellite drag.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method for predicting extreme ultraviolet emissions from solar flares. We
performed a prediction of the flare soft X-ray light curve using a convolutional neural network 2 h before the occurrence ofthe flare, and calculated the extreme ultraviolet radiation using the soft X-ray light curve and numerical simulations. We
attempted to reproduce the extreme ultraviolet spectrum of past flares using this method, and were able to reproduce theobservations of the EVE onboard the SDO. (Kawai, Imada et al., submitted to J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.)Simulation study on precursory phenomenon of solar prominence eruption
The interior of a solar prominence contains turbulent flows. Recent observations revealed that the standard
deviation of the internal velocity field increases before eruption, suggesting a relationship between turbulence andmagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability. In this study, we carried out MHD simulations, including radiative cooling,
thermal conduction, and gravity. We confirmed that the increasing standard deviation of the internal velocity field iscaused by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). We also found that KHI gradually changes the coronal magnetic fieldsustaining the prominence and facilitates the onset of MHD instability.

Relationship between microwave intensity and hard X-ray intensity in solar flares
Microwave intensity and hard X-ray intensity were compared for all solar flares (40 events) above GOES M7-class thatwere simultaneously observed with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph/Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters and the RHESSI satellite.
Although the emission mechanism and energy range of the accelerating electrons are different, they showed a very strong
correlation, with a correlation coefficient of about 0.9. Considering that microwave emission depends strongly on magnetic fieldstrength, this result may indicate that there is no difference in magnetic field strength in the region where the accelerated electrons
exist. This work was undertaken by the ISEE International Joint Research Program. (Krucker, Masuda, and White, ApJ, 2020)

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research358-1. Research Divisions

Division for Cosmic-Ray Research Acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays
– Cosmic gamma-ray observations– Solar neutron observations
 Cosmic-ray interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere– Hadron interactions of very-high-energy cosmic rays
– Past solar activities probed by cosmogenic nuclides
 Particle astrophysics and non-accelerator physics– Dark matter and neutrino physics
 Wide-field transient survey by an optical telescope

Cosmic rays (CRs), which are mostly protons with small amounts of charged particles, such as electrons or nuclei,
and neutral particles, such as gamma rays or neutrinos, are produced in space and propagate through interstellar andinterplanetary magnetic fields before reaching the Earth. The Division for Cosmic-Ray Research performs cosmic
gamma-ray observations using the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi satellite) and the Cherenkov Telescope
Array (CTA), as well as high-altitude solar neutron observations, to reveal the CR acceleration mechanisms as common
space plasma phenomena.
CRs also provide hints for ultra-high energy phenomena and unknown particles that cannot be explored in alaboratory. We conducted the Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider forward(RHICf) experiments to study the hadronic interactions of ultra-high energy CRs using accelerators such as LHC or RHIC.
This division also conducts neutrino physics research with the Super-Kamiokande experiment and promotes theHyper-Kamiokande project as a future prospect. The group intensively works for direct dark matter searches in the
XMASS liquid xenon experiment at the Kamioka Observatory and has recently started a new commitment to the
XENONnT experiment in LNGS in Italy.
CRs deeply penetrate the atmosphere, producing ionization and cosmogenic nuclides. Our division studies past solar
activities and sudden changes in CR flux that are recorded in the carbon-14 (14C) fractions of ancient tree rings and othercosmogenic nuclides from Antarctic ice cores.
In addition, this division conducts the MOA experiment with a dedicated 1.8-m wide-field optical telescope at Mt.
John University Observatory in Tekapo, New Zealand. It conducts surveys of gravitational microlensing due to massive
astrophysical compact halo objects (MACHOs) or exoplanets and optical follow-up observations of gamma-ray bursts,
super-nova neutrino detections, and gravitational wave events.

Main Activities in FY2019
Search for dark matter and research on the origin of cosmic rays using gamma-ray
observations
Cosmic gamma rays are expected to be produced through the interactions of dark matter, CRs, and the interstellar
medium. This makes gamma rays a useful probe to search for dark matter and investigate the properties and distributionof CRs and the interstellar medium.
We are developing the next-generation gamma-ray observatory, the CTA, to observe cosmic gamma rays in anenergy range from well below 100 GeV to above 100 TeV. We are in charge of the development of silicon
photomultipliers (SiPMs) for the Gamma-ray Cherenkov Telescope (GCT), which is one of three telescope designs forsmall-sized telescopes (SSTs) in the CTA. The GCT camera was selected as the final SST camera and we are in charge

36

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisionsof the SiPM procurement and calibration. Meanwhile, we studied the properties of the origin of SiPM optical crosstalkin detail, where it produces additional signals to the incident photon signal. We found a relatively high rate of delayedcrosstalk, which requires further careful study of its effects.
We also studied the feasibility of replacing the photomultipliers (PMTs) with SiPMs for the medium-sized
telescopes (MSTs) of the CTA. Originally, PMTs were selected as they were less expensive for covering the area
required for the MST camera. However, as SiPM costs became comparable to PMT costs, SiPMs became an attractive
alternative because they can operate under moonlight, which can double the observation time of the MST. Simulation
studies, combined with experimental verification at several wavelengths, found that an SiPM can collect 62% moresignal photons and 6.53 times more background photons than a PMT. Since the signal tends to be blue while thebackground tends to be red, the simulation found that the signal and background photons for the SiPM are similar to
those of the PMT with proper color filtering. These results confirm that we can use SiPMs for the MST.

Acceleration mechanism of solar energetic particles
We observe solar neutrons produced by the interaction of accelerated ions with the solar atmosphere to study theacceleration mechanism of solar energetic particles. It is expected that understanding the acceleration mechanism of
solar energetic particles could help to elucidate the acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays in space. Since neutrons are
not deflected by interplanetary magnetic fields, they keep the information on the time when charged particles areaccelerated at the solar surface. It is essential to measure the energy of neutrons because they have mass, and the periodof flight of a neutron from the Sun to the Earth differs depending on its energy. ISEE has developed a worldwide
network of solar neutron telescopes to detect solar neutrons (>100 MeV) over an entire day..
We obtained the energy spectra of neutrons from more than 10 events, if we assume neutrons are produced at thesame time as electromagnetic waves on the solar surface. The energy spectra obtained indicate that very efficient
acceleration, such as shock acceleration, does not work in the case of neutron-producing solar flares. To derive a
conclusive understanding of the acceleration mechanism, we need to observe a solar neutron event in which the energy
spectrum of the neutrons can be determined without assuming the production time of the neutrons. For this purpose, weneed a solar neutron telescope with better sensitivity to neutrons and a higher energy resolution than the one which
ISEE developed.
A new solar neutron telescope was installed at the Mt. Sierra Negra volcano (4,580 m above sea level) in Mexico.
The new detector is called the SciBar Cosmic Ray Telescope (SciCRT). SciBar was used in accelerator experiments,
and this installation was realized with support from Kyoto University, the High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization (KEK), the National Autonomous University of Mexico, and the National Institute for Astrophysics,
Optics and Electronics in Mexico. SciCRT uses 15,000 scintillator bars to measure particle tracks, providing muchbetter sensitivity to neutrons, and better energy resolution and particle discrimination. The performance of SciCRT wasinvestigated using Monte Carlo simulation, and we can discriminate the production time of neutrons, whether it isinstantaneous or continues for more than 5 minutes, while discriminating between shock acceleration and stochastic
acceleration. As for the worldwide network of solar neutron telescopes, the operation at Gornergrat in Switzerlandceased in the fiscal year (FY) 2017. The operation at Mauna Kea in Hawaii also ceased in FY 2018.
The activity of solar cycle 24 reached a maximum in February 2014 and has since decreased. At the end of FY
2019, it is just between the end of solar cycle 24 and the beginning of solar cycle 25. No solar neutron events weredetected in FY2019. Since the installation of SciCRT, no large solar flares with which solar neutrons are expected have
yet occurred. The procedure to search for solar neutrons is under developing in association with solar flares, which are
not strong enough for neutrons to be produced in usual.
This study was performed in collaboration with Chubu University, Shinshu University, the National AstronomicalInstitute for Space–Earth Environmental Research378-1. Research Divisions.
Observatory of Japan, RIKEN, the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) of the University of Tokyo, the Instituteof Space and Astronautical Science/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), the Japan Atomic Energy
Agency (JAEA), the National Defense Academy, the Aichi Institute of Technology, and many other institutions aroundthe world.

Cosmic-ray interaction-focused accelerator experiment
Where and how are cosmic-ray particles accelerated to high energies? To answer this question, many observations
and studies of cosmic rays have been performed worldwide. In particular, ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs)
with the energies above 1019 eV, whose sources are expected to be highly energetic objects in the universe such asactive galactic nuclei, are actively studied. These cosmic rays are observed using the so-called air-shower technique; theobservation of particle cascades caused by interactions between cosmic rays and atmospheric atomic nuclei, using
particle detectors and/or fluorescence telescopes. A precise understanding of the hadronic interactions between
cosmic-ray particles and the atmosphere is key to estimating primary cosmic-ray information from the observed air
showers. Therefore, we studied high-energy interactions at the large particle colliders, LHC and RHIC, located at theEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research and the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL).
This year, we continued our analyses of the data obtained from these operations at LHC and RHIC, and accelerated
preparations for our future operations. Preliminary results for the production cross-section of very forward neutral pionsat proton–proton collisions, with a center of mass energy of 13 TeV, were reported at the 36th International Cosmic Ray
Conference (ICRC2019). A neutral pion produced at a collision decays immediately into a photon pair. Our calorimeter
detector detects the photon pair simultaneously, and the kinematics of the pion can be reconstructed from the results.
This measurement is very important for understanding air-shower development in the atmosphere because most of theparticles in air showers originate from neutral pions produced during cosmic-ray interactions. We are now attempting to
improve the analysis methods for better measurement precision. Additionally, we are planning new measurements at
both LHC and RHIC for further understanding of these interactions. Our international collaboration for measurement at
LHC, LHCf, submitted a “Technical Report,” including our operation and detector upgrade plans, to the LHC
committee in June, and the proposals for the new operations in 2021 and 2023 have been approved. We will accelerate
preparations for these operations.

Cosmic neutrinos and dark matter
Super-Kamiokande (SK) is the 50-kton water Cherenkov detector housed underground at the Kamioka Observatory,
Gifu, dedicated to the observation of neutrinos and possible proton decay. SK has been preparing for the observation ofsupernova relic neutrinos emitted by all the supernova explosions by adding gadolinium (Gd) to the pure water in thedetector. In 2019, the preparation of the Gd-water system was completed and the detector is now ready for the Gd-loading
operation, which has been suspended owing to the COVID-19 situation. The analysis of neutrino/anti-neutrino separation
techniques using decay-electrons or tagged neutron information have been carried out. A new analysis on non-standard
neutrino interactions through atmospheric neutrino oscillation is also underway. We have also started real-time analysis
with gravitational wave alerts to search for possible coincidences of neutrino events in SK. In addition, we have initiatedintensive efforts to develop a new atmospheric neutrino flux modeling code to refurbish the Honda -model to cope with thenewest hadronic interaction models.
Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) is the next generation of large-scale 260-kt water Cherenkov detector, with a fiducial
volume nearly eight times larger. We have been making continuous contributions to starting and promoting the project
by delivering intensive seminars in overseas institutions (four Taiwanese institutions in April and four Australian

38

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

institutions in May). Since the beginning of 2020, the project has been officially approved by the government, and has
proceeded to the construction phase.
The XMASS experiment is a direct dark matter search using a single-phase liquid xenon detector. In February
2019, the experiment had completed the data collection phase. Analysis is ongoing to finalize these dark matter search
results, using a few years of continuous operation data.

Historic cosmic-ray intensity variation with cosmogenic radioisotopes
Cosmic rays falling on the Earth interact with the atmosphere and produce various secondary particles. Among them,long-lived cosmogenic nuclides, such as 14C and 10Be, are used as excellent proxies for past cosmic-ray intensities. We
measured 14C concentrations in tree rings and 10Be and 36Cl concentrations in ice cores to investigate historic cosmic-ray
variations. From such analyses of cosmogenic nuclides, we found cosmic-ray increase events in 774/775 CE and 993/994
CE. A possible cause of these cosmic-ray events is solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and the scale of these SEP events
is estimated to be tens of times larger than the largest event on record. We aim to clarify the frequency of such extreme
SEP events by searching for other cosmic-ray events.
This year, we revealed the detailed 14C variations of a cosmic-ray event in ~660 BCE using earlywood-latewood
separated 14C analyses of a Choukai-cedar tree sample. We showed that the duration of this event was longer than the two
cosmic-ray events mentioned above, 41 months at the longest (Sakurai et al., 2020). We also measured 10Be and 36Cl
concentrations in ice cores from the Antarctic Dome Fuji station to clarify the cause of a cosmic-ray event in ~5480 BCE.
We presented the cosmogenic evidence of past extreme SEP events and the detailed 10Be variations around 5480 BCE at
the 36th International Cosmic- Ray Conference (ICRC2019) ICRC2019 and the 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass
Spectrometry Symposium (EA-AMS 8), respectively.
We have been developing automated graphitization equipment for 14C analyses with the ISEE Technical Support
Division. This year, we confirmed its operation and evaluated its performance. The developed graphitization equipment
is capable of fully automatic graphite sample preparation and samples can be processed in a lower backgroundenvironment than the existing manual equipment allows. In addition, we tested methods of separating tree rings(microtome method and plate-state cellulose extract method) for 14C analysis with high temporal resolution of less than
one year. We also introduced pretreatment equipment for ice-core 10Be analysis and evaluated its performance. It was
confirmed that the 10Be treatment can be performed with a sufficiently low background level.

Wide-field optical surveys for gravitational microlensing and gravitational sources
In 2018, we detected 448 microlensing events and issued real-time alerts to follow-up groups. Several extrasolar
planet candidates have been found, and their analyses are in progress. Follow-up observations of gravitational waves in
the O3 observation period are in progress.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research398-1. Research Divisions

Division for Heliospheric Research Solar wind Coronal mass ejection
 Interplanetary scintillation
 Global heliospheric structure Space weather forecast Radio astronomy
 Development of telescopes and instruments
 Pulsar

A supersonic (with a speed of 300–800 km/s) plasma flow, known as the solar wind, emanates from the Sun andpermanently engulfs the Earth. While the magnetic field of the Earth acts as a barrier to protect the atmosphere from a
direct interaction with the solar wind, a considerable fraction of its vast energy enters the near-surface layer via various
processes. Thus, the solar wind acts as a carrier to transfer the Sun’s energy to the Earth.
The solar wind varies dramatically with solar activity. In association with eruptive phenomena on the Sun’s surface,a high-speed stream of the solar wind sometimes arrives at the Earth and generates intense disturbances in geospace andthe upper atmosphere. Space environment conditions that significantly change with the solar activity are known as“space weather,” and are currently a topic of significant interest. An accurate understanding of the solar wind is needed
to make reliable predictions of space weather disturbances.
We have observed solar wind velocity and density irregularities for several decades using three large antennas toinvestigate unsolved important issues such as acceleration and propagation mechanisms of the solar wind, space
weather forecasting, global structure of the heliosphere, and its variation. In addition, laboratory and fieldwork
experiments are performed for improving data quality and upgrading the instruments.

Main Activities in FY2019
Solar wind observations using the IPS system
We have been performing remote-sensing observations of the solar
wind since the 1980s using the multi-station interplanetary scintillation(IPS) system. Tomographic analysis of IPS observations enables theaccurate determination of the global distribution of solar wind speed anddensity fluctuations. IPS observations provide valuable information,
particularly for high-latitude solar wind, where in-situ observations are
currently unavailable. The IPS system currently consists of three largeantennas in Toyokawa, Fuji, and Kiso. The Toyokawa antenna (called
the Solar Wind Imaging Facility Telescope) has the largest aperture andBroken Fuji antenna structure in March 2019.
highest sensitivity among our three antennas and started daily
observations in 2008. The Fuji and Kiso antennas were upgraded in 2013–2014 by installing new low-noise amplifiers,
which led to a great improvement in their sensitivity. These two antennas are in mountainous areas and are not used forobservations during winter owing to heavy snowfall. The solar wind density fluctuations were derived from Toyokawa IPS
observations, measured throughout the year. The IPS data were made available to the public in real time via an ftp server,
and were used for various international collaborations, as described below. In March 2019 (i.e., prior to the start of the IPS

40

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

observations in this FY), we found that the eastern part of the Fuji antenna reflector had been significantly damaged bysnow, and we restored the antenna in April. After finishing the restoration, 3-station IPS observations were conducted until
early December. The Fuji IPS observations were briefly interrupted in July by reinforcement work on the antenna. The
observation system and network equipment of the Fuji observatory were seriously damaged by lighting on August 1. It
took one month to repair this damage, and the Fuji IPS observations restarted on September 1. On November 29, we fixeda misalignment of the Fuji antenna structure which occurred in October and November. We also replaced the driving
chains of the Kiso antenna on November 27–28, which had deteriorated owing to long-term operation.

International collaboration for space weather forecast
We performed collaborative research with Dr. B. V. Jackson and his colleagues at the University of California, San
Diego (UCSD), on the 3-dimensional reconstruction of the time-varying heliosphere using tomographic analysis of
long-term IPS observations. A time-dependent tomography program was developed through this collaborative research,and this program is now available on the NASA Community Coordinated Modeling Center web server, and is runningin real time at the Korean Space Weather Center (KSWC) to predict the solar wind reaching the Earth. ISEE has a on
research exchange and cooperation agreement with KSWC to promote research on space weather forecasting using IPS
data. A combined analysis system using IPS observations and the ENLIL solar wind model was developed to improve
space weather forecasting through collaborative research. The UCSD IPS group, represented by Dr. Jackson, won the
ISEE Award in this FY, as the UCSD–ISEE collaboration was favorably evaluated.
With the growing awareness of the utility of IPS observations for space weather forecasting, an increasing numberof IPS observations have been conducted globally. Besides Japan, Russia, and India, where IPS observations have been
conducted for a long time, new dedicated antennas for IPS observations have been constructed in Mexico and Korea,
and IPS observations using low-frequency large radio array systems, such as the Low-Frequency Array and the
Murchison Widefield Array, have been conducted on a campaign basis. A construction project of a large-apertureantenna dedicated to IPS observations is in progress in China. The integrated analysis of IPS data from these stations
enables higher-resolution 3-dimensional reconstructions of the solar wind, which varies rapidly with solar activity. The
establishment of WIPSS was proposed at the IPS workshop held in Morelia, Mexico, in 2015. The IPS workshop washeld at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico in December.

Effect of line-of-sight integration in the IPS sky projection map
The Sun-centered sky projection map of g-values derived from IPS observations enables the effective detection ofcoronal mass ejections (CMEs) propagating in the solar wind, and it has been used in many previous studies. The radial
distance of a CME has been determined from the elongation angle between the Sun and the location where the g-valueenhancements occur, and CME propagation speed and radial variation have also been addressed using these data. However,
CME location on the sky projection map includes the effect of line-of-sight (LOS) integration, and there is a possibility
that an apparent change in CME speed may arise from the integration effect. In this FY, we examined the effect of LOS
integration on CME location by producing sky projection maps from calculations with a simple CME model. Here, we
assumed an axis-symmetrical structure and constant CME speed propagation. We found that the apparent distance of a
CME near the Sun becomes smaller than the actual distance when the CME propagation is directed to the Earth, and thatthe apparent distance approaches the actual distance as the CME moves away from the Sun. This means that the LOS
integration brings about an apparent CME acceleration. This effect is remarkable either when the angular width of the
CME is small or when the CME expansion speed is non-uniform. Such CME acceleration has seldom been reported from
IPS observations, and this implies that the CMEs observed by IPS have a sufficiently wide angular width, and that theapparent acceleration is counterbalanced or overwhelmed by intrinsic deceleration.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research418-1. Research Divisions.
Comparative study of the global structures of solar wind and the heliospheric current sheet
The solar wind is composed of a slow wind (~450 km/s) and a fast wind (~800 km/s), known as the bimodal
signature of solar wind velocity. These slow and fast winds are the main components of solar wind in the low-mid andhigh latitudes of the heliosphere, respectively. ISEE-IPS and spacecraft observations have revealed that the boundary
latitude of the bimodal structure changes significantly throughout the solar cycle. In this study, we compare thelong-term variations of the solar wind structure with the coronal magnetic field structure. The latitudinal structure of thebimodal solar wind is derived from the solar wind synoptic map of each Carrington rotation and compared with the
maximum tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), derived from observations by the Wilcox Solar Observatory.
The results show that the HCS tilt angle correlates well with the latitudinal average of a solar wind speed of 600 km/s
(correlation coefficient 0.8). Since 600 km/s is the average value of the fast and slow wind, the HCS tilt angle isconsistent with the latitude of the boundary between the fast and slow wind. The empirical results allow us to estimate
the latitudinal structure of the solar wind from the bimodal solar wind velocity after the 1970s, when continuous
magnetic field observations of the Sun began.

Solar wind observations using the IPS system
Interplanetary flux ropes (IFRs) are magnetic fieldstructures which are expelled from the Sun into interplanetary
space. These ropes have helical magnetic field lines aroundtheir central axial field line. To estimate the magnetic field
properties of IFRs, force-free IFR models (FF models) areoften fitted to in-situ observations of IFRs. The Lundquist
Magnetic field properties of IFRs for which the fitting results of(cylindrical geometry) and Romashets–Vandas models are
the conventional and generalized methods are significantly
often used as FF models. In the fitting of these models, thedifferent. ○ indicates that the difference is significant. The
second and third columns are two angles which determine thepitch angle of the magnetic field at the IFR boundary
axis direction of the IFR. The fourth and fifth columns are twocomponents of magnetic flux.
(boundary pitch angle αp) is conventionally fixed to 90°(conventional method) without sufficient proof. We developed
fitting methods in which the assumption that 𝛼
90∘ is relaxed (generalized method) and estimated the difference
between the results of the conventional and generalized methods. We found that the fitted axis direction or magnetic
flux of IFRs are significantly different between the conventional and generalized methods. From these results, weconclude that the generalized method is more appropriate than the conventional method to estimate the correctmagnetic field properties of IFRs.

Estimation of solar coronal density using the Crab pulsar
T Frequency dispersion is observed in the radio waves from a pulsar when we observe them from the Earth. The
magnitude of this frequency dispersion (dispersion measure, DM) allows us to estimate the plasma density along the LOS.
We have collected remote-sensing measurements of the plasma density of the solar corona using DM data obtained with
Toyokawa IPS antenna. Solar wind density significantly drops in response to declining solar activity in some years. Thissuggests that a remarkable change likely takes place in the solar corona, which is the source region of solar wind. The
target of our observations was the Crab pulsar, whose LOS approaches the Sun (to 5 solar radii) every June. Hence,
observation of the Crab pulsar enables investigations of the plasma density near the Sun. In addition, the Crab pulsar
enables the effective determination of DM, as it emits extremely intense radio waves called giant pulses. From ourobservations of the Crab pulsar made in June 2018, a marked increase in DM was found around the period of the closest

42

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

LOS approach to the Sun. We determined the distribution of thesolar corona plasma density by fitting a spherically symmetricalmodel to the observed DM data. The result was associated with alarge error, and one of the causes of this is likely to be the effect oflatitudinal/longitudinal variation in the solar corona. To examine this,we analyzed white light data from LASCO coronagraphobservations and solar wind speed data from ISEE-IPS observations
for June 2018. We found that the streamer associated with the slow
wind and the coronal hole associated with the fast wind were locatedin the equatorial and polar regions, respectively, for the period of ourobservations, and that the observation point moved from a
low-density to a high-density region as the LOS moved away fromthe Sun. A high DM value observed at a location distant from theSun (on June 19) is ascribed to the effect of the high-density plasmaof the equatorial streamer.

Daily variation of Crab pulsar DM for the period around its
closest approach to the Sun. Circles with vertical bars areobserved DMs. Solid line represents the best fit model. Verticaldotted line indicates the time of the closest approach of LOS tothe Sun.

Validation of CME arrival time forecasted by MHD simulations based on IPS observations
We developed an IPS estimation system, based on a global MHD simulation of the inner heliosphere, to predict thearrival time of CMEs. We demonstrated how the simulation system works using a halo CME event generated by a X9.3
flare observed on September 5, 2017. We found that the CME simulation that best estimated the IPS observations could
accurately predict the time of arrival of the CME at the Earth. We validated this system using more than 10 halo CMEs
and found that the error in the arrival time is reduced to less than 5 h when using the IPS-based forecasting system.
These results suggest that the accuracy of CME arrival time can be improved by including IPS data in our current MHD
simulations. Part of this system has been installed in NICT, the space weather forecasting center of Japan, and is used
for daily forecasting.

Next-generation interplanetary scintillation observation system
We investigated the design of next-generation IPS observation instruments and developed their pathfinders. To
continue IPS observations even in the snowfall season, we considered a flat, two-dimensional phased array with awide field of view. This structure is also resistant to natural disasters, such as typhoons, as it eliminates the drive unit.
A real-time digital signal processing receiver system is required for the digital multi-beam that observes multiple
directions simultaneously. This system will enable us to take several all-sky IPS maps within a day to track fast
CMEs. It is also able to detect the passage of CMEs and derive their structures by tracking a specific radio source.
We designed and developed a low-cost digital board dedicated to IPS observations, using ADCs and FPGAs, andfound that it showed adequate performance. The developed prototype can process eight signals simultaneously andhas a size of 37 cm × 27 cm, which is a reasonable size for mass-production.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research438-1. Research Divisions

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Energy transfer from the solar wind to themagnetosphere and ionosphere Magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupledsystem Ground-based and network observation
 Space and planetary exploration

The plasma and energy carried by the solar wind to the Earth and other planets exert physical effects on themagnetosphere and ionosphere, known as the geospace. We study these effects and associated phenomena withinternational cooperation, primarily, through various observational approaches using ground-based instruments; forexample, European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radars, high-frequency (HF)/very high frequency (VHF) radars, Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, high-sensitivity passive/active optical instruments, magnetometers, andinstruments onboard satellites/spacecraft, which are developed in our division. We also lead the way to future space
exploration missions based on our expertise.

Main Activities in FY2019
Measurements of aurora and electromagnetic waves at subauroral latitudes (PWING
Project)
We operate aurora/airglow imagers and electromagnetic wave receivers under the PWING project at eight stations
around the north pole, at MLATs of about 60° (in Canada, Russia, Alaska, Finland, and Iceland), to investigate plasma
and wave dynamics in the inner magnetosphere. Various new results were obtained in FY2018. Using this longitudinal
network, we found that the typical longitudinal extent of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves is ~80 longitudinal degrees.
This finding contributes to our quantitative understanding of high-energy electron acceleration in the radiation belts. By
combining these ground-based network stations with the Arase satellite, we also obtain various interesting results in
FY2019, including the propagation characteristics of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves from the magnetosphere to theground and the relationship between these waves and pulsating aurorae.

Upper atmosphere imaging using the optical mesosphere thermosphere imagers
The optical mesosphere thermosphere imagers (OMTIs) consist of five sky-scanning Fabry-Perot
interferometers, 21 all-sky charge-coupled device imagers, three tilting photometers, and three airglow temperature
photometers, which are used to investigate the dynamics of the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere. Various
new results were obtained from OMTI measurements in FY2019. As an example, we obtained wavenumber spectraof small-scale gravity waves and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances for more than 10 years, with theirseasonal and long-term variations, using airglow images obtained at Magadan (Russia), Athabasca (Canada),
Rikubetsu, and Shigaraki (both in Japan).

44 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

Ionospheric disturbances using GNSS receiver
network
To clarify the characteristics of ionospheric disturbances
during geomagnetic storms, we analyzed the total electron
content data obtained from dense regional GNSS networks thatwere extended globally, and found new storm enhanced density(SED) generation characteristics. SED was believed to begenerated by plasma transportation from low latitudes to highlatitudes. However, we have shown that SED firstly appears at
mid-latitudes and then extends to higher latitudes. Furthermore,
we found that equatorial plasma bubbles, which are localized
plasma depletions, extend to high latitudes, and reach 50 MLAT
degrees during geomagnetic storms. These ionosphericdisturbances could be caused by eastward electric fields induced
during magnetic storm.

Map of Total Electron Content (TEC) during a geomagnetic
storm. A plasma bubble can be seen as a TEC depletion
extending from the low latitudes to the high latitudes.

SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radars
Using the SuperDARN Hokkaido HF East and West radars at
Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, as well as other SuperDARN radars, we studied thestatistical characteristics of Medium-Scale Traveling ionosphericDisturbances using the 3D-FFT algorithm, and SAPS occurrence. We also
clarified the statistical occurrence characteristics of high-latitude
ionospheric irregularities as a function of local time, season and solar
activity.

Local time and seasonal distribution of theoccurrence rates of ionospheric backscatterechoes in the polar cap region.

Promotion of FACTORS as the next space exploration mission for demonstrative integrated
research on the space–Earth coupling system
The new space exploration mission, FACTORS, which is the next ERG (Arase) satellite mission led by our
institute for terrestrial radiation belt exploration, is being promoted for simultaneous multi-point observations withmultiple satellites in the near-Earth space and the terrestrial upper atmosphere. The following issues were particularly
investigated, based on the FACTORS working group activities in ISAS/JASA: the international collaboration of threecompact/micro satellite developments, cluster launch configurations for multiple satellites using an Epsilon rocket, andthe science targets and observational objectives/techniques of the mission.

Fabrication and initial experimental checks of technical developments in an engineeringmodel of a double-shell type electrostatic energy analyzer for next-generation in-situ
observations of space plasmas
For the miniaturization/mass-reduction/power-saving of space plasma energy analyzers and their possible
applications in micro-satellites and CubeSat, we completed a detailed design, created an engineering fabrication, andperformed initial experimental checks of a double-shell type electrostatic energy analyzer enabling the simultaneous
measurement of ions and electrons with one sensor head, using our charged-particle beamline facility. After theInstitute for Space–Earth Environmental Research458-1. Research Divisions.
mechanical design and fabrication of the double-layered collimator and double-dome electrostatic analyzer, we
compared experimental results with those of a numerical simulation and confirmed that the performance requirements
and design objectives were almost achieved.

Maintenance of the charged-particle beamline calibration system as the developmental
facility for particle analyzers in future space exploration missions
The charged-particle beamline facility was maintained in a clean room of our institute, which is crucial for thedevelopment of new particle analyzers for the future geospace and terrestrial upper atmosphere exploration. Following
monitoring system developments for two-dimensional cross-sections and energy-angle distributions, we realized theprompt switching between the ion and electron beam emissions, the intensity/cross-section enlargements of the beams,
and the electron flux enhancements, by tuning the cubic Helmholtz coils, and calibrating the two-dimensional particle
imaging detector.

Promotion of EISCAT and EISCAT_3D projects
We proceeded with the EISCAT project in collaboration with NIPR: (1) we performed nine EISCAT SP
experiments for Japanese colleagues; (2) we proceeded with the EISCAT_3D project, the master plan 2020 “Study ofcoupling processes in the solar–terrestrial system” has been selected as one of the 31 most important big projects; and(3) we had a special session for the master plan 2020 in JpGU2019. We have also operated the sodium LIDAR, aphotometer, an MF radar, and a meteor radar in northern Scandinavia, and have collaborated with Japanese and foreigncolleagues in studies on atmospheric stability, gravity waves, sporadic sodium layers, and vertical winds.

Oxygen density enhancement and EMIC waves in the inner magnetosphere
The O+ density is sometimes enhanced in a limited range of altitudes in the deep inner magnetosphere, and isnamed the oxygen torus. We investigated the longitudinal structure of the oxygen torus using simultaneous observations
from the Arase and Van Allen Probe satellites. We found that the oxygen torus is localized to the dawn sector, indicatinga crescent-shaped torus. It was newly found that an electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave in the H+ band
appeared coincidently with the oxygen torus. The linearized dispersion relation for EMIC waves shows that the growthrate increases in the oxygen torus than in the adjacent regions in the plasma trough and the plasmasphere. We conclude
that the oxygen torus in the inner magnetosphere may play an important role in the excitation of EMIC waves.

Development of a magnetometer system using a magneto-impedance sensor
The magneto-impedance (MI) effect was discovered about 25 years ago, and a micro-sized magnetic sensor thatutilizes this effect has now become commercially available. We made some modifications to the commercially available
MI sensors as they can cover the range of the geomagnetic field (70,000 nT). Experimental observations showed that
the MI sensors can detect geomagnetic variations with amplitudes of ~1 nT, which were also detected with a fluxgate
magnetometer. We developed an instrument for ground measurements including MI sensors, a Raspberry Pi-based datalogger, an A/D converter, and so on, which is only ~1/10 of the usual cost of a fluxgate magnetometer. We also
developed an onboard instrument for a future sounding rocket.

46

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

International collaboration to study the impacts of EEP on atmospheric minor species
Energetic electron precipitation (EEP) can modify thedensity of atmospheric minor species, such as NOx and O3,
which affect the atmospheric temperature and dynamical field
through chemical reactions. We have organized aninternational collaborative team to study this topic andanalyzed data from ground-based instruments, such as the
EISCAT radar and optical cameras, and instruments onboard
satellites. This year we analyzed data from the high-speed
EMCCD all-sky camera operated by the Japanese team in
All-sky images taken with the high-speed EMCCD camera
operated in Sodankylä, Finland. The aurorae in the left image are
Sodankylä (Finland) and the meridional chain of the riometercharacterized by darker and smaller patches than those shown in
the right image, which was taken in a period of EEP flux
in Finland, to investigate pulsating aurorae and lower
enhancement at lower latitudes in the auroral appearance.
ionospheric ionization. We found that the EEP energy flux
tends to increase in the lower latitude parts of the pulsating aurora, coinciding with the enlargement and intensificationof patch-like pulsating aurorae. This result was presented at the CHAMOS meeting in Finland.

SDI-3D project
The scanning Doppler imager (SDI) is a ground-based Fabry-Perot Doppler spectrometer, operating in an all-sky
imaging mode with a separation scanned etalon to resolve Doppler spectra at heights of 90–400 km. Even a single
station can estimate the horizontal wind vector and temperature of a horizontal plane of 1,000-km diameter. In 2018, weestablished an international team of researchers from Japan, Scandinavian countries, and the US. This team started the“SDI-3D” project, which aims to deploy three SDIs in the same areas as EISCAT_3D, which may be operational in
2022. To progress this project, an international exchange program (or cross-appointment system) was conducted
between Nagoya University and the University of Oulu (Finland) in 2018 (a first at Nagoya University), and a faculty
member stayed in Oulu for three months in 2019. We officially participated in administrative-level meetings with the
MoU, which were conducted by institutes to integrate the ground-based observation networks in Finland, Norway, andSweden.

Data archives
The following data archives are available to the public:
Database
OMTIs
GPS scintillation
VHF (30.8 MHz) radar
SuperDARN Hokkaido radar
210-mm magnetic field data
ISEE magnetometer network
ISEE VLF/ELF data
EISCAT radar, Sodium Lidar, MF/Meteor radar, Optics
Reimei satellite data
Wp geomagnetic index

Web site
http://stdb2.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/omti/
http://stdb2.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/QL-S4/
http://stdb2.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/vhfr/
http://cicr.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/hokkaido/
http://stdb2.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/mm210/
http://stdb2.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/magne/
http://stdb2.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/vlf/
http://www.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~eiscat/data/EISCAT.html
http://reimei.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/
http://www.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~nose.masahito/s-cubed/

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research478-1. Research Divisions

Division for Meteorological and Atmospheric Research Precipitation measurements by advanced
polarimetric radars and hydrometeor videosondes
 Development of new instrumental technology
 Clouds and precipitation observed by multiple
satellites
 Millimeter-wave/infrared spectroscopy of green
house gases and ozone-depleting substances Measurements and analyses of properties andbehaviors of aerosols using advanced techniques

Ongoing global warming caused by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will
result in both gradual climate change and intensification of weather extremes and ecological catastrophes. Among themost urgent tasks for confronting global environmental problems more effectively is a close monitoring of theatmosphere using different observation methods and a better understanding of the atmosphere through theoreticalinsights and numerical modeling. To address these problems, the Division for Meteorological and AtmosphericResearch is dedicated to several research projects for exploring the atmosphere from various angles.

Main Activities in FY2019
New understanding of precipitation through MP-PAWR
observations
The multi-parameter phased array weather radar (MP-PAWR), with its
state-of-the-art technology, can provide three-dimensional observation data
within 30 s. Since the MP-PAWR can accurately capture rapidly changing
convective precipitation systems, it is possible to analyze the formation
mechanisms of convective storms. MP-PAWR can even be used to analyze
the dynamic structure of stratiform precipitation systems, using data fromvarious elevations.

Time series of a dynamic field of stratiform
precipitation that did not produce surface
precipitation.

Estimation of typhoon central pressure from dropsonde
observations
Typhoon central pressure is operationally estimated from satellite
observations. Consequently, its uncertainty is large for intense typhoons. The
Tropical Cyclone-Pacific Asian Research Campaign for Improvement of Intensity
Estimations/Forecasts performed aircraft observations of the intense typhoon
Trami with the SATREPS Understanding Lightning and Thunderstorm project in2018. During the period from September 25 to 28, 64 dropsondes were launchedin and around the inner core region of the typhoon. The observed data weretransmitted to the Japan Meteorological Agency in real time. There is a problem
that the error of GPS height increases near the surface. We developed a new

48 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

Aircraft flight passes and dropsondelaunching points during the period from
September 25 to 28.

8-1. Research Divisions

method to estimate sea level pressure, with a correction for dropsonde height data. Penetration observation through the eyeof Trami was achieved six times. Using the dropsonde penetration data, accurate estimations of sea level pressure wereobtained. The central sea level pressure estimates were 919.6, 950.0, 956.0, and 960.0 hPa on 25, 26, 27, and 28 September,respectively. The maximum difference between the observed pressure and the Japan Meteorological Agency best track data
was about 10 hPa.

Inter-product biases in global precipitation extremes
Given the importance of monitoring extreme precipitation fordisaster prevention, we studied the reliability of global precipitation data
products. Biases in climatological and extreme-precipitation estimates
were assessed for 11 global observational datasets constructed frommerged satellite measurements and/or rain gauge networks. Extreme
precipitation was defined by a 99th percentile threshold (R99p) in a daily
1° × 1° grid, for 50 °S–50 °N. The spatial pattern of extreme precipitation
lacks distinct features, such as the ITCZ that is evident in the global
climatological map, and the climatology and extremes share little interms of the spatial characteristics of inter-product biases. The time series,
when analyzed from 2001 to 2013, showed relatively consistent decadal
stability in the climatology over the ocean, while the dispersion waslarger for the extremes over the ocean. This contrast is not observed overland. Overall, the results suggest that the inter-product biases apparent in
the climatology are a poor predictor of the extreme-precipitation biases,
even in a qualitative sense.

Inter-product comparison of zonal mean precipitation(2015 annual mean) over the ocean for climatology (top)and extremes (bottom).

Monitoring of greenhouse gases and atmospheric minor constituents using ahigh-resolution infrared spectrometerIn collaboration with the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), solar absorption spectra have been
continuously measured using a ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy instrument operated at
Rikubetsu, and the total column amounts and vertical profiles of 14 molecular species, including O3, CH4, and CO, areretrieved from the spectrum. This year, in addition
to HCHO (which was analyzed last year) we started
to analyze CH3OH, which is produced through theoxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds.
The observed column amount of CH3OH reached
its maximum in June, although that of HCHO wasin July. The difference between the two maximum
periods is mainly owing to the difference in the loss
Seasonal variations of the total column amount of CH3OH (left) and HCHO and (right)
rate of oxidation by OH.
observed with FTIR at Rikubetsu.

Aerosol and UV/ozone observations in Patagonia, South America
ISEE and the NIES have been operating an observation network, named SAVER-Net, monitoring aerosol andUV/ozone in Argentina and Chile with the support of KAKENHI and ISEE International Joint Research. Some lidar

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research498-1. Research Divisions.
observations were suspended owing to age-related
instrument changes and damage to a laser in 2018,
but the optical system was changed to improve its
stability in this fiscal year. At the end of the year,
five of the nine lidars—Aeroparque, Cordoba,
Neuquen, Comodoro, and Punta Arenas—were
operating well. We will restart operation of theremaining four lidars next year. The
millimeter-wave
spectrometer
for
ozone
Time series of attenuated backscattering coefficient at 532 nm in Buenos Aires inmeasurement was almost suspended during theJanuary 2020. Dashed circle indicates the aerosols thought to originate from thelarge forest fire in Australia.
year because of serious damage to the water
chiller of the cryogenic system for thesuperconducting receiver system. We must discuss essential improvements with the manufacturer to fix the problem. In
terms of observational results, we detected the long-distance transport of an aerosol plume that may have originatedfrom a large Australian forest fire in late 2019. The plume was detected in Punta Arenas and Buenos Aires and hadreached stratospheric altitude.

Development of a new millimeter-wave spectrometer for multi-line observation in Syowa,
Antarctica
We developed the front-end and back-end for a wide-band receiversystem in the millimeter wavelength range, and a new observation project“multi-line simultaneous observation of minor atmospheric molecules” inSyowa station, Antarctica, has been started. For the front-end, thewaveguide-type multiplexer was developed through collaborative researchwith the National Institute of Communication and Technology. We
measured its performance in cryogenic temperatures using a
superconducting mixer in the laboratory, and a good image rejection ratio(>25 dB) was obtained. For the back-end, a multi-channel intermediate
frequency circuit using a superconducting dual-band filter, which was
Newly developed waveguide-type multiplexer.
designed and developed in Yamanashi University, was successfully
developed for the observation of the O3, NO, NO2, HO2, and CO molecular lines with the 2-GHz bandwidth digital Fourie
spectrometer. This observation system was transported to Syowa station with the 61st Japanese Antarctic Research
Expedition. We are constructing the new millimeter-wave spectrometer to start multi-line observations in 2020.

Analysis of the chemical structure and sources of atmospheric organic aerosol
Organic matter is one of the major components of atmospheric aerosols. Our current knowledge on the budget andproperties of organic aerosols (OAs) is limited, although it is important for understanding the effects of aerosols on air
quality and climate. In this study, extracts from atmospheric aerosol samples collected in an urban area were atomized,
and the generated particles were transferred into an aerosol mass spectrometer to obtain their mass spectra. The spectra
were analyzed by positive matrix factorization, and the factors associated with the sources and formation processes of
OAs were obtained. Further, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to forest aerosol
samples, which are thought to be influenced by biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOAs). The contributions of

50

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

different fluorescent components to the EEM spectra were obtained, andare expected to be useful for the analysis of OA sources. Moreover,rainwater and aerosol samples were collected in an urban area and thesamples were subjected to EEM fluorescence spectroscopy and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy. Through further analysis of thesesamples, we expect to find clues to understanding the formation andaging of OA components in cloud water. Atmospheric aerosol samples
were also collected from a forest site in Australia, for the analysis of thechemical structures of BSOA and biomass-burning OA, and for the
analysis of their contribution to the abundance of OA.

Aerosol mass spectrometer for the analysis ofaerosol sample extracts.

Analysis of the surface tension of atmospheric aerosol components from the perspective ofcloud droplet formation
Surface active materials in atmospheric aerosols are thought to promote the activation of aerosol particles to form
cloud droplets, by lowering the surface tension of the particles. In this study, to investigate the possible effect ofwater-soluble inorganic salts on surface tension via the salting-out effect, surface tension measurements were performed
for aqueous solutions containing water-soluble components from atmospheric aerosol samples collected in an urban
area, in the presence of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate. We obtained preliminary results showing therelationships between surface tension and the concentrations of water-soluble organic carbon and ammonium sulfate,
and are planning to analyze the effects of surface tension reduction at the time of cloud droplet formation, based on the
results of the surface tension measurements.

Evaluation of the method for the long-term measurements of black carbon aerosols
In the Arctic, where the surface temperature is increasing more rapidly than the global average, the forcing andfeedback mechanisms associated with light-absorbing aerosols, such as black carbon (BC), need to be elucidated.
Long-term surface measurements of BC at various locations are important to understand the spatial and temporalvariations of BC and to validate the numerical models that estimate BC climate impacts. However, the measurement
uncertainty of the filter-based instrument (COSMOS) used for the long-term observation of BC mass concentration has
not been fully evaluated. In this study, we analyzed the data obtained simultaneously by the COSMOS and asingle-particle soot photometer (SP2, based on a laser-induced incandescence technique) at three locations, including a
remote Arctic site (Ny-Ålesund in Spitsbergen). Thus, we evaluated the uncertainty of the COSMOS measurements. On
average, the BC mass concentrations measured by the COSMOS and SP2 were consistent to within 10% at all the sites
and the COSMOS measurements depended little on variations of BC microphysical properties, such as size distribution
and mixing state. Our results demonstrate the high reliability of COSMOS measurements under various environments.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research518-1. Research Divisions

Division for Land–Ocean Ecosystem Research Global warming and changes in terrestrial water-material
cycles in the Arctic circumpolar region
 Effects of climate change and anthropogenic forcing on
the terrestrial ecosystem Cloud/rainfall variability in Asian monsoon regions
 Dynamics of phytoplankton in marginal seas and coastal areas
 Climate variability and changing open ocean ecosystem
dynamics and biogeochemical cycle
 Interaction between oceanic waves and climate variations

The Land–Ocean Ecosystem Research Division investigates regional and global energy, water and material cycles,
and physical/biogeochemical processes in the land–ocean ecosystem.
The land research group contributes to advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of how on-going global warming
and anthropogenic activity influence the terrestrial water cycle and ecosystem. Using field observations, satellite remotesensing, global meteorological data analysis, laboratory analysis, and model simulation approaches, our group works tounderstand the impact of global warming on hydrological and greenhouse gas cycles in the Arctic region, the dynamics ofthe continental scale water cycle, the processes that drive weather and climate over Asia, the interplay between theterrestrial ecosystem and the climate, and the detection of early signs of influence of global warming in Antarctica.
Ocean research is conducting using satellite remote sensing, numerical simulations, and in situ observations. We
also performing synthesis studies of physical and biogeochemical processes in the ocean and their interactions with theatmosphere and climate. In particular, we are investigating the manner in which oceanic heat content, circulation, andsurface waves interact with atmospheric environments and how they are linked to climate and meteorologicalphenomena such as tropical cyclones. We are also investigating how variations in ocean circulation, mixing processes,
and air–sea fluxes influence marine ecosystems where phytoplankton is a primary producer. Moreover, we areinteresting the possible impact of the marine ecosystem on physical processes and climate in the ocean and atmosphere.

Main Activities in FY2019
Canopy-scale methane flux measurements in a larch forest in eastern Siberia
Focusing on a larch forest in eastern Siberia, canopy-scale methane fluxes measured using an eddy covariancemethod were compared with previously obtained methane fluxes measured using a chamber method. In previous warm
seasons, the methane fluxes obtained using the chamber method showed negative values (i.e., methane absorption) in
the forest floor. However, chamber methods cover a limited area, and do not represent canopy-scale fluxes. Thus, weapplied an open-path eddy covariance methane flux measurement system to the larch forest. The canopy-scale methane
flux results showed positive values (i.e., methane emission) in the warm season. This is because there are humid
wetlands in the vicinity of the eddy covariance flux tower. In addition, there could be methane emitted fromabove-ground vegetation (i.e., trees including trunks, branches, and leaves). Recently, methane emissions fromabove-ground vegetation were also observed in tropical rain forests. We need to collect long-term methane flux
measurements in several forests with different climates.
(Reference: Nakai, T., T. Hiyama, R. E. Petrov, A. Kotani, T. Ohta, and T. C. Maximov, 2020. Application of an
open-path eddy covariance methane flux measurement system to a larch forest in eastern Siberia. Agric. For. Meteorol.,282–283, 107860, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107860.)

52

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

Understanding of the spatial distribution of oxygen isotopic composition in surface snow
over East Antarctica
We launched a new project entitled “Factors controlling isotopic
variability of snow over East Antarctica.” This was selected as a challenging
exploratory research direction for the current Japanese Antarctic Research
Project (JARE) Phase IX. The purpose of this research is to understand thephysical mechanisms of the experimental relationship between surface
temperature and oxygen isotopic composition in the snow over Antarctica. This
year, we completed the first assessment research using snow samples collectedalong the traverse route from near Syowa station to Dome Fuji station in East
Antarctica by the 2018/2019 summer campaign of the 60th JARE. The total
number of samples is 227. The stable water isotopes of the snow were
measured by cavity ringdown spectroscopy (L2130-I, Picarro Inc.). We alsomeasured HTO concentration using a liquid scintillation counter (Quantulus
1220, Perkin-Elmer Inc.). Both instruments are registered as joint-use
HTO distribution from coastal site to inland
resources of ISEE. The top Figure shows the spatial variation of HTO between
station (Top), The relationship between HTO
and oxygen isotopic composition of snow overthe coastal site and the interior station. There is a clear increase of HTO andthe Plateau in East Antarctica (Bottom).
then a rapid increase occurs over the plateau region exceeding an altitude of3500 m. This means that moisture transport from the surrounding ocean is not a dominant contributor over the Antarctic
plateau. It is well known that clear-sky deposition of diamond dust is frequently observed at inland stations, such as Dome
Fuji. Thus, we speculate that local moisture may largely contribute to inland snowfall. Interestingly, the spatial features of
HTO correspond well to those of oxygen isotopic composition (see bottom Figure). This enables us to set the following
hypothesis: the spatial distribution of oxygen isotopic composition may largely reflect the relative contribution of both
local Antarctic moisture (High HTO and low oxygen isotopic content) and moisture transported from the surrounding
ocean (Low HTO and heavy isotopic content). To verify this hypothesis, a quantitative explanation is necessary. Thus,
we are developing a new water transport model incorporating HTO and stable water isotopes.

A study on monsoon depressions over South Asia
Synoptic-scale monsoon low-pressure systems contribute a large fraction of
total summer monsoon rainfall, especially over land in South Asia. We investigated
the three-dimensional structure of the mesoscale precipitation systems in the
different stages of the life cycle of a monsoon depression, using observational datafrom multi-satellite sensors and a cloud-resolving regional model. The effects oflatent heating from the precipitation system and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) on thedevelopment of the monsoon depression were also evaluated in sensitivity
experiments using the model. In the rapid development phase, satellite observations
A monsoon repression that generated
over the Bay of Bengal on 17 August
revealed mesoscale convective systems with deep convective precipitation cells and2016.
stratiform precipitation near the head of the BoB. Extremely deep and intense
convective cells appeared along a ring-like rain band when closed cyclonic circulation became obvious around thenorthernmost part of the BoB. Sensitivity experiments revealed that both cloud/precipitation processes and evaporationfrom the BoB are essential for the rapid development of monsoon depressions over the BoB.
(Reference: Fujinami et al., 2020, Mesoscale precipitation systems and their role in the rapid development of a monsoon
depression over the Bay of Bengal. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146, 267– 283, doi:10.1002/qj.3672.)

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research538-1. Research Divisions.
Variation of chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter in Ariake Bay and GCOM-C validation
GlobalChangeObservation
Mission–Climate(GCOM-C) was launched in December 2017, and the global
observation of visible and infrared radiation, including
ocean areas, with 250 m resolution and a two day interval
was started. The new high frequency data with 250 m
resolution is expected to be useful for coastal applications.
To use the ocean color data, frequent sea-truth data isrequired, although it is difficult to obtain at sea. The aerosol
robotic network–ocean color (AERONET-OC) is a networkof spectral radiometers, which are modified from theTime series (left) of Chl-a (top-left) and TSM (bottom-left) fromradiometers developed for the observation of aerosols fromAERONET-OC and GCOM-C, and scatter diagrams (right).
land, to also observe sea surface radiance. For GCOM-C
validation, ISEE set a JAXA-owned AERONET-OC on the Ariake Tower of Saga University from April 2018 (ISEE
Newsletter 6). Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), which is an indicator of phytoplankton biomass, and total suspended matter(TSM) were estimated from the AERONET-OC radiance data between April 2018 and March 2019 and compared with
the GCOM-C data (Figure). Chl-a and TSM varied with the spring–neap tidal cycle, and were high at neap and springtide, respectively. TSM is expected to increase with the resuspension of bottom sediments by the strong tidal current
during spring tide and the reduced light limits phytoplankton growth. Chl-a also showed peaks in July and March after
the high river discharge events. Similar variation was seen in the GCOM-C data. Both the Chl-a and TSM
AERONET-OC data showed significant correlations with the relevant GCOM-C data, and the AERONET-OC data also
showed consistency with water sampling data, while GCOM-C was underestimated. JAXA is currently improving the
GCOM-C data to Version 2.

Energy circulation of ocean surface wave motion by the seasonal winds of the Indian Ocean
A significant task in climate and geophysical sciences
is to clarify the role of synoptic-scale waves in theatmosphere and ocean by analyzing, for example, theglobal transfer routes of wave energy. This problem
remained unsolved because conventional diagnostic
schemes could not handle the tropics and mid-latitudes
continuously. A recent theoretical work has developed a
Circulation and budget of wave energy in the Indian Ocean revealed by
the numerical experiments and analysis in this study. (a)seamless diagnostic scheme for all latitudinal bands,
Streamfunction and (b) divergence (shading) and potential (contours).
which has the advantage of identifying the distribution ofgroup velocity vectors, even in mixed gravitational and planetary wave situations. Li and Aiki (2020) have used thisnew scheme to perform the first analysis of the life cycle of seasonal waves in the upper layer of the Indian Ocean, andfound that the eastward energy flux of Kelvin waves culminates when the equatorial zonal flow anomalies are
maximized eastward and westward by the monsoon, and this occurs four times a year. Near the western boundary of the
Indian Ocean, seasonal variations in the Somali jet and the East African coastal current led to equatorially oriented
energy fluxes along the African continental coastline, forming a localized cyclonic circulation of wave energy in eachhemisphere. These results are the foundation for a deeper understanding of tropical–extra-tropical interactions.
(Reference: Li, Z., and H. Aiki, 2020, The life cycle of annual waves in the Indian Ocean as identified by seamless
diagnosis of the energy flux. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2019GL085670. doi:10.1029/2019GL085670)

54

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

Seasonal and interannual variations in nitrogen availability and particle export in the North
Pacific subtropical gyre
Nutrient availability limits primary productivity
in the low and mid-latitude oceans. This constrains theexport of sinking biogenic particles, which removes
carbon from the atmosphere, the so-called biologicalpump. We examined temporal variations in nitrogen
availability and particle export in the northwestern
North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG), using sediment
trap time-series observations at 200 m depths between
2010 and 2014. We found that the nitrogen isotopic
ratio (δ15N) of trapped particles varied according to the
Influences of Changjiang river and upwelling water on phytoplankton
external input of “new” nitrogen. About 86–93% of thecommunity structure. Top: years with high anthropogenic nitrogen input
from Changjiang river, Bottom: years with high influence of upwelling.
“new nitrogen” was nitrate supplied from subsurface
waters. The reduced δ15N of the high particle fluxes every winter indicated that nitrate was mainly supplied via convective
mixing, triggering phytoplankton blooms. Interestingly, the magnitude of the convective nitrate supply varied from year
to year, depending on winter monsoon intensity. This not only controls particle fluxes but also their composition. Stronger
mixing in 2011–2012 than 2013–2014 enhanced CaCO3 export, thus reducing the organic carbon to inorganic carbon
export ratio, R(POC:PIC). Such interannual changes of winter R(POC:PIC) can affect air–sea CO2 fluxes by modulatingseawater CO2 partial pressure in the northwestern NPSG.
(Reference: Mino et al., 2020, Seasonal and interannual variations in nitrogen availability and particle export in thenorthwestern North Pacific subtropical gyre. JGR-Oceans, doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015600.)

Long-term consistency of a global satellite-derived air–sea flux dataset
Accurate estimation of global air–sea flux is
indispensable to understanding the complex air–sea
interactions in the climate system. We have released a
new air–sea flux dataset, based on satellite
observations over the past 25 years, through the use ofmulti-satellite observation data and the development ofadvanced estimation technology (J-OFURO3). Sincesuch a long-term observational dataset is expected to
be used for climate research, it is necessary to confirm
the reliability of the data, as well as its long-term
Verification results for J-OFURO3 daily mean sea surface temperature
consistency. This study confirmed the long-term
data. The bars show the number of observations from in situ buoys inthe verification system, and the solid (dashed) line shows the yearlyconsistency of the dataset by establishing a verification
change in RMS error (bias), compared with the buoy data.
system that comprehensively included in-situ
observations in the global oceans. The Figure summarizes the verification results for sea surface temperature, which isthe basis for estimating air–sea heat flux. Except for the first few years where the number of in-situ observations were
extremely small, the root mean squared error and bias of the in-situ observations were very stable, approximately 0.2 K
and -0.1 K, respectively. Similar comparisons were also conducted for surface winds (Koizumi et al., 2020). These
results support the application of the dataset to climate research.
(Reference: Koizumi, A, M. Kubota, and H. Tomita, 2020, Int. J. Remote Sens. doi:10.1080/01431161.2019.1706113)

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research558-1. Research Divisions

Division for Chronological Research









Anthropogenic history and geochronology
Accelerator mass spectrometry
Electron probe microanalysis
Paleoclimate reconstruction and future Earth
Geosphere stability
Isotope geoenvironmental chemistry
CHIME dating
Development of new analytical methods

Short- and long-term forecasts of global environmental changes and their countermeasures are issues of great urgency.
Determining when an event occurred in the past, via “dating,” is of importance understanding present and predicting futurestates of the Earth. We promote chronological studies on a broad range of subjects from events in Earth’s history, spanning
4.6 billion years, to archaeological materials, cultural properties, and modern cultural assets. The Tandetron dating groupconducts interdisciplinary research involving radiocarbon (14C) dating using accelerator mass spectrometry to understandchanges in the Earth’s environment and the cultural history of humankind from about 50,000 years ago to the present day. In
addition, the group studies near-future forecasts of Earth and Space environments, focusing on spatiotemporal variations incosmogenic nuclides, such as 14C and 10Be, and conducts research that integrates art and science through collaboration
between researchers in archeology, historical science, and other fields. The microscale spatial dating group uses thechemical U-Th total Pb isochron method (CHIME), which was firstly developed at Nagoya University, to shed light on
events in Earth’s history from its formation 4.6 billion years ago up to approximately 1 million years ago. An electron probe
microanalyzer (EPMA) have been used to perform nondestructive microanalyses of rocks and other materials to reveal
records of complex events recorded in zircon, monazite, and other samples.

Main Activities in FY2019
Reconstruction of paleoclimate in West Asia
Our goal is to reconstruct the paleoclimate of West Asia over a long period of time(from tens of thousands of years ago to several thousands of years ago), based on 14C
dating and isotopic analysis of stalagmites and travertines in Iran. This was in answer toa call for studies in the new academic field “The Essence of Urban Civilization: An
Interdisciplinary Study of the Origin and Transformation of Ancient West Asian Cities,”
conducted in collaboration with the University of Kurdistan (Iran), the University ofTsukuba, and the University of Toyama. In recent years, past fluctuations in
Sampling of travertines fromprecipitation were reconstructed from chemical analyses of stalactites, showing that
Zendan-e Soleyman, Iran.
precipitation characteristics change notably with climate change. However, there arefew studies on the reconstruction of the paleoclimate in West Asia (especially in Iran and Iraq), and how precipitation
characteristics changed in this region owing to past climate change is not well understood. In the current fiscal year, we
performed 14C dating, elemental analysis, and isotopic analysis on travertine samples and spring waters in the Zendan-eSoleyman and Baba Gurgur, and examined whether travertine recorded paleoclimatic information. Furthermore, to identify
fluctuations in the dust component that impacts elemental and isotopic fluctuations in travertine, we visited Iran in October
2019 to set up a high-volume air sampler at the University of Kurdistan, and began sampling atmospheric aerosols (PM10).

56

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

14

C dating and multi-Sr isotopic analysis of bioapatite from cremated bones

In archeological research targeting excavated bones, the organic components ofthe bones, the collagens, are generally used. Using isotopes of its main components,
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, samples can be dated, and diet studied. However, themethod cannot be used on cremated bones that have been through high temperaturesat which the organic matter has decomposed. The use of inorganic chemicals as anindex is necessary. In the present study, we have focused on bioapatite, which is the
inorganic component of bones. It was the first systematic high-precision multi-Sr
analysis – radiogenic Sr isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr) and stable Sr isotope ratio(88Sr/86Sr, δ88Sr) – of cremated bones used in addition to 14C analysis. The samples
were cremated bones of Jokei (AD1155–1213) stored in an urn excavated from under
the Gorin Tower in Jisho-in, Nara Prefecture, and cremated bones (600–900 BP)
excavated from the Binman-ji burial site in Shiga Prefecture. First, we showed thatthe amount of Ba in the cremated bones was a good index for the quantitative analysisof secondary alterations that the bones went through during burial in the soil. Then,
we selected bone fragments with low amounts of Ba and limited secondary alterations
Binman-ji burial site in Shigafor high- precision 14C dating (Minami et al., 2019; Radiocarbon). We also performed
Prefecture.
multi-Sr isotopic analysis and showed that the Jokei was likely a vegetarian, whileancient people buried at Binman-ji had a meat-heavy diet: their trophic levels differed. This result is a breakthrough as it
shows that the stable Sr isotope ratio of bioapatite in cremated bones is a new and useful indicator of dietary analysis.

Development of EPMA quantitative analysis of trace titanium (Ti) in quartz and application toestimate the cooling process of granitic magma
Quartz, silicon dioxide, may contain various trace elements. The Ti concentration of quartz reflects its crystallization
temperature and the activity of Ti in the system; quartz crystallized at a higher temperature has a higher titanium
concentration.
If the titanium concentration in a microvolume of a quartz grain is measured, the details of crystal growth andtemperature change can be estimated, leading to elucidation of the formation process of the rock that contained the grain. A
problem with this method is that, as Ti concentration becomes more sensitive at lower temperatures, for quartz not
crystallized under super high temperatures, accuracy in addition to precision is required. Thus, we developed a method tomeasure the titanium concentration in an area to the order of microns, using accurate and non-destructive EPMA.
Since a method has already been developed to measure titanium at
10 μg/g or less in zircon, with a relative error of 10% or less (2σ)(Yuguchi et al., 2016), we applied this method to the quartz. However, as
quartz is easily damaged by electron bombardment, we determined a newbeam diameter and X-ray counting method suitable for quartz. We thenapplied this method to Toki Granite in Gifu Prefecture and estimated the
crystallization temperature of the quartz. We revealed that the quartz
crystals were formed in the range from 600°C to 750°C. The zonal
structure observed by cathodoluminescence imaging reflected thetemperature and diffusion of titanium in granitic magma. As such, it was
shown that quartz that displays oscillatory zoning inDistance from the quartz grain boundary andestimated crystallization temperature (Yuguchi et al.,cathodoluminescence imaging formed under a conditions of slow cooling.
2020).

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research578-1. Research Divisions.
Elucidating the growth process of axial internode skeletons in deep-sea isidid octocorals
The calcareous skeletons of deep-sea corals are being used as anarchive of paleooceanic information; however, as growth processes
differ depending on classification, it is necessary to understand thegrowth processes and growth rates for palaeoceanographic research.
The isidid octocorals consist of elongated calcitic skeletons withhollow structures in the center. The skeletons of corals have annual
rings, and their central axis is a thin opening. It was assumed that the
Isidid octocorals used for analysis.
center was old, and the outer part was young, but a previous study of
14
C dating reported that the age was younger in the center in multiple samples. It is unknown if the cause of thisrejuvenation is growth from the center or a change in the age of the body of water in contact with the specimen. If there
are two formation processes for the skeleton, the crystal orientation is likely different. Thus, in the present study, we
performed a crystal orientation analysis of a thin section of isidid axis using electron backscatter diffraction. The crystal
orientation analysis of the isidid bone axis showed that the whole specimen was structured with uniform regularity. This
result supports the idea that skeleton formation only occurs at the surface of the bone axis. If there was no reversal ofgrowth direction, 14C dating of isidid skeletons can be used as a proxy for the age of water masses.

Preparation of water sample for the 14C inter-comparison program
Since 2013, our research group, jointly with National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, isconducting a basic verification to prepare for the full-scale operation of the 14C analysis inter-comparison program fordissolved inorganic carbon in water samples (RICE-W: Radiocarbon Inter-comparison on Chemical Experiments, Water series).
The important part of the inter-comparison verification is that water samples with the same 14C concentration are distributed toeach facility and that the 14C concentration does not change from the time of distribution to the time of analysis. In this study,
we verified what the containers and water samples meet these conditions well. We examined three types of containers made ofglass, PAN resin, and PP resin. It was concluded that the PAN resin container was ideal because it showed superior gas barrier
performance, and the handling such containers is convenient. In case of a natural sample, the effect of biological activity cannot
be ignored. Thus, the addition of toxins such as HgCl2 is necessary (Takahashi et al., 2018, NIMB). We abandoned the
preparation of inter-comparison samples based on natural samples, and instead prepared inter-comparison samples that werecompletely and artificially controlled. We mixed some reagents to prepare a set of inter-comparison samples(RICE-W09-W14) with a chemical composition that mimics natural samples. The 14C concentrations of RICE-W09-W14
covers the range from background to modern. We posted RICE-W09-W14 to some 14C research facilities for 14C comparison.

Preparation procedure for 14C inter-comparison water sample (RICE-W09−W14).

58

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-1. Research Divisions

Evaluation of surface damage by diamond polishing treatment
In the correction calculation generally used in
EPMA quantitative analysis, it is assumed that electrons
enter the surface of a homogeneous sample that has been
mirror polished orthogonally. For mirror polishing, 0.25–
0.5 μm diamond or alumina is generally used. Usually,
this method does not cause any issues in quantitative
analysis. However, this polishing method is assumed todamage a fraction or half of a grain diameter on thesample surface. Thus, when the analytical area is shallow,
it is possible that the analysis is performed on thedamaged area instead of the actual sample. To assess theTransmission electron microscope image of olivine (bright field image).
surface damage, we observed the surface of an olivine
sample that had been polished with 0.25 μm diamond with a transmission electron microscope. We observed dislocationthat was likely caused by polishing in the area dozens of mm from the surface. In some areas, there were dislocations ofseveral hundred nm to 1 μm. Therefore, when using particle polishing, surface analysis must be performed, considering
the possibility that the damage can extend beyond the grain diameter in some areas.

The 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Symposium
The 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Symposium was held in Sakata and Hirata Hall, Nagoya
University from December 3 to December 6, 2019. EA-AMS is held every other year in Japan, South Korea, China, orTaiwan to present and discuss the development of measurement methods in the accelerator mass spectrometry ofradiocarbon (14C), iodine-129 (129I), chlorine-36 (36Cl), and so on, and their applications to environmental and Earthsciences. The 8th symposium was held jointly by the ISEE Division for Chronological Research and the JAEA Tono
Geoscience Center. This symposium was attended by 115 accelerator mass spectrometry researchers from across theworld, including East Asia (51 from Japan, 33 from China, eight from South Korea, and seven from Taiwan), Australia(four), the USA (three), Switzerland (three), and Poland (two). It started with an ice-breaker event on the evening ofDecember 2nd, followed on the 3rd and 4th by presentations on technological developments, application research, andthe current situations of facilities for accelerator mass spectrometry (40 oral presentations and 42 posters) along withdiscussions. On the 5th, there was a field trip to view an accelerator mass spectrometer, and on the final day (6th), there
were oral presentations and a discussion on accelerator mass spectrometer research and future outlooks. There wasmeaningful information exchange and networking among accelerator mass spectrometry researchers.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research598-2. Research Centers

Center for International Collaborative Research (CICR)

 Internationally coordinated programs Ground-based observation networks and satellite
projects
 Hosting international workshops
 International exchange of foreign and Japanese
researchers and students Capacity building in developing countries throughtraining courses and schools
 Observatories

The Center for International Collaborative Research (CICR) was established in October 2015 under ISEE to promoteinternational collaborative studies that attempt to understand the physical mechanisms of the phenomena occurring in thespace–Sun–Earth environmental system and their interactions with each other. The CICR provides leadership to encourageand promote internationally coordinated programs, such as those carried out by the Scientific Committee On Solar–
Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) and Future Earth, ground-based observation networks, international satellite projects, thehosting of international workshops and conferences, the international exchange of foreign and Japanese researchers andstudents, and capacity building in developing countries through training courses and schools. The CICR has taken overfrom the Geospace Research Center of the former Solar–Terrestrial Environment Laboratory of Nagoya University.
Solar activity has various times scales, including solar flares, coronal hole, the 11-year cycle, and long-term variation.
Recent solar activity has been the lowest in the past 100 years. World scientists have a strong interest in these solar
activities and their consequences for Earth’s geospace environment and climate change. SCOSTEP, under the International
Science Council, commenced a 5-year international program entitled “Predictability of the variable Solar–Terrestrial
Coupling (PRESTO)” for 2020–2024. The SCOSTEP president is a member of the CICR and responsible for operating
this international program. The CICR publishes a SCOSTEP/PRESTO newsletter every three months, and coordinatesinternational symposiums related to SCOSTEP/PRESTO. The CICR also contributes to other international programs
related to the space–Sun–Earth environment, such as Future Earth and the Integrated Land Ecosystem-atmosphere
Processes Study (iLEAPS). In addition to these international programs, the CICR also participates in/operates
ground-based observation projects, i.e., the EISCAT radar project, OMTIs, ISEE magnetometer network, SuperDARN
radar network including the Hokkaido HF radars, ISEE VLF/ELF network, and ArCS operation office.
CICR has been operating the international collaborative research programs since 2016. It also holds four domestic
observatories at Moshiri, Rikubetsu, Fuji, and Kagoshima, which conduct observations of the solar wind, geomagnetic
field, and upper atmosphere. Some of these observations have been conducted for more than 30 years.

Observation sites and foreign collaborative institutions of ISEE.

60

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-2. Research Centers

Main Activities in FY2019
In FY2019, CICR conducted the following international collaborative research
programs: 1) the Joint Research Program (International, 28 projects); 2) the ISEEInternational Joint Research Program that invited 16 foreign researchers; and 3) two
ISEE/CICR International Workshops, inviting seven foreign designated professors andassociate professors. Two designated professors were hired through a 5-yearcross-appointment with US universities and institutions. The ISEE/CICR International
Workshop aimed to facilitate comprehensive discussions on a focused topic with 10–
15 attendees over one week and summarize the results into international journal
papers and/or books.
Sixteen CICR colloquiums were held with senior foreign scientists from eight
countries, including the US, the UK, Germany, and Australia. For the SCOSTEPVarSITI (2014–2018) and PRESTO (2020–2024) programs, we published three
newsletters in FY2019, in May, December, and January. We also organized theNewsletter vol. 21
VarSITI Summarizing Workshop in Nagoya, Japan, in November 2019 to summarize SCOSTEP/PRESTO(December 2019).
the 5-year VarSITI activities. Three young scientists from India, Argentina, and Peru
were invited to ISEE for collaborative research under the SCOSTEP Visiting Scholar program.
The Nobeyama radioheliograph was shut down at the end of March 2019. Under the ICCON Project, 34 scientists
from the US, the UK, China, Korea, Russia, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, and Japan joined its operation for five years.
All the data are openly available at NAOJ and CIDAS/ISEE. The EISCAT radar project was carried out in collaboration
with an NIPR group; nine EISCAT special experiments proposed by Japanese colleagues were conducted. Discussions
about the EISCAT_3D radar have been conducted with foreign EISCAT associate members. The PWING projects
continued running eight stations around the north pole at MLATs of ~60°, with links to the OMTIs, ISEE magnetometer,and ELF/VLF network projects. A research project entitled “Pan-Arctic Water-Carbon Cycles (PAWCs)” was newly
funded for 2019–2024. PAWCs is designed to integrate atmospheric–terrestrial water and carbon cycles in northernEurasia, for which very limited data on the fluxes of greenhouse gases exists.
The four domestic observatories continued to operate in FY2019. Moshiri Observatory became an unmanned
observatory in FY2018, but continued running electromagnetic instruments, i.e., an auroral photometer, magnetometers,
and VLF receivers. Rikubetsu Observatory operates several spectrometers for comprehensive measurements of ozone andother minor constituents in the atmosphere, all-sky imagers and photometers for aurora and airglow monitoring, andSuperDARN Hokkaido radars for ionospheric disturbances, as well as a new ELF atmospheric receiver. A new induction
magnetometer was also installed at Rikubetsu in October 2018.
Multi-station IPS observations using the Fuji, Kiso, andToyokawa antennas were conducted in FY2019. The IPS
antenna at Fuji were seriously damaged by snow in winter, andrestored in April before the multi-station IPS observations
started. The Kiso Observatory was opened to the public on
August 3–4, 2019. Kagoshima Observatory and Sata Station
operate instruments for electromagnetic wave detection, an
all-sky camera, and a photometer for airglow detection. A new
VLF/ELF wave receiver was installed at Kagoshima
Observatory by Georgia Tech., USA, in November 2019 toobserve electromagnetic waves from lightning.
A VLF/ELF wave receiver installed at Kagoshima
Observatory by Georgia Tech., USA,electromagnetic waves from lightning.

toobserve

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research618-2. Research Centers

Center for Integrated Data Science (CIDAS)

 Hinode Science Center ERG Science Center Research and development of advanced simulations(SUSANOO, CReSS, Monte Carlo simulations forhigh-precision age calculations, etc.)
 Construction of various databases (IUGONET,WDS-CR, etc.)
 Operation of CIDAS supercomputer system
 Membership activity of HPCI consortium

The Center for Integrated Data Science (CIDAS) aimed to construct infrastructure and conduct research anddevelopment to realize a cutting-edge scientific study of the space–Earth environmental system through integrated
analyses using various observational data and advanced computer simulations. CIDAS operates many projects incooperation with the research divisions and centers of ISEE, as well as other universities and institutes.
Science centers for space missions: Hinode and ERG
The Hinode Science Center is operated as a joint project with NAOJ and developed the database and analyticalenvironment for the data provided by the Japanese solar observation satellite Hinode. At the same time, it plays animportant role in considering research topics of oncoming solar missions such as Solar-C EUVST. In addition, ERG
Science Center operates as a joint research center in cooperation with the Institute of Space and Astronautical
Science/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), which releases the data files from ERG (Arase) andground-based observations. The ERG Science Center also develops the data analysis software. The CIDAS computer
system has been used for the data analysis environment for Hinode and ERG projects.
Cooperative research program for database construction and supercomputing
CIDAS produces various databases for space–Earth environmental research and provides supercomputing facilities
in collaboration with the Information Technology Center (ITC) of Nagoya University and other universities andinstitutes. CIDAS has also joined the inter-university network project (Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global
Observation NETwork: IUGONET) with Tohoku University, NIPR, Kyoto University, Kyushu University, and Nagoya
University to develop a metadata server and data analysis software. CIDAS is in charge of activities in ISEE as amember of the High-Performance Computing Infrastructure Consortium (HPCI) in Japan.
Research and development of advanced simulations
CIDAS plays a leading role in research and development of the following advanced computer simulation models:Space Weather Forecast Usable System Anchored by Numerical Operations and Observations (SUSANOO), the Cloud
Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS), and Monte Carlo simulations for accurate Th-U-Pb dating. The CReSS model isdesigned for all types of parallel computers to simulate a detailed structure of clouds and storms. CReSS is free to use
for scientific community. It has been used for meteorological research and real-time weather forecast experiments, forexample, simulation experiments of tropical cyclones, heavy rainfall events, snow clouds, tornados, and downscaling
experiments of future tropical cyclones.

62

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-2. Research Centers

Main Activities in FY2019
Development of a data analysis system for the ERG (Arase) project
Scientific data from the ERG (Arase) satellite, ground-network observations, and modeling/simulations are archived
at the ERG Science Center, which is operated by ISAS/JAXA and ISEE/Nagoya University. The format of these data files
is CDF, and includes the metadata of each file. This is a de facto format in the solar–terrestrial physics community. The
Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), a commonly used software in the solar–terrestrial physics
community, can easily read and manipulate CDF files. The ERG Science Center has developed CDF files and SPEDAS
plug-in software for the ERG project. We also join the International Heliosphere Data Environment Alliance (IHDEA) todiscuss the common data formats in the international framework. The ERG Science Center has organized the training
sessions for SPEDAS in Japan and Taiwan, providing important opportunities to learn to use SPEDAS and the ERG data.
The ERG Science Center is also developing a data analysis environment in the CIDAS system. Users can access the
CIDAS system via the Internet and analyze the ERG project data using SPEDAS.

Coronal mass ejection arrival time forecasting system using IPS observations
MEs cause disturbances in the environment around the Earth. CIDAS has installed a dedicated computing system for
CME forecasting and developed a CME forecasting system under a collaborative study with the ISEE Division for
Heliospheric Research and NICT. In this system, CME propagation is calculated using a global MHD simulation,SUSANOO-CME. The IPS response is estimated by the 3-dimensional density distribution of the inner heliospherederived from the MHD simulation. The simulated IPS response is then compared with actual IPS observations performedby the Division for Heliospheric Research, providing a forecast with better accuracy than before. This system will be
included in the real-time forecasting system of NICT.

Activity of Inter-university Global Upper atmosphere Observation NETwork (IUGONET)
We have promoted the use and application of upper atmospheric observation data, through database and analysis
software in collaboration with other institutions (e.g., the Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS)),and developed the foundation for a universal infrastructure for disclosing and citing data promptly. We also abstracted a
database design and have now provided these developments to each institute and committee to promote data activity.
We have held several international data analysis workshops in collaboration with several international programs,
including VarSITI/PRESTO and World Data System (WDS) affiliated with the International Science Council (ISC), andsupported the construction of infrastructure for disclosing data and data integrity to them.

Operation of the CIDAS supercomputer system
The CIDAS supercomputer system for integrated data analysis is under operation since FY2016. The system consistsof 20 computer nodes, with each node having two Intel Xeon E5-2660 v3 CPUs and 256 GB memory. In FY2019, 170
researchers/students were registered as users of the CIDAS supercomputer system and data analyses related to the Hinode
Science Center and ERG/Arase Science Center, as well as computer simulation studies, were conducted.

Development of the CReSS model
The CReSS model has been developed and improved for physical processes. It is available for scientific researchfrom CIDAS. The CReSS model is used for simulation experiments and daily weather forecasts. The simulated daily
forecast data are openly available from the website of the meteorological laboratory. CIDAS also plans to make thesimulation output data from the CReSS model available.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research638-2. Research Centers

Center for Orbital and Suborbital Observations (COSO)

 Establishment of an aircraft observing system
 Aircraft observations of cloud, aerosol and typhoon
 Development of validation equipment for Earthobserving satellites
 Promotion of Exploration of energization andRadiation in Geospace (ERG) mission
 Solar observation missions using micro satellites
 Study for simultaneous development of multiple
satellites for future space science

Based on ISEE research subjects, which encompass natural phenomena ranging from the Earth’s surface to outerspace, COSO is expected to perform empirical and advanced research through observation, especially throughcollaborations among industry, academia, and government, leading to remarkable technological developments foraircraft, balloons, sounding rockets, and spacecraft observations. COSO plays a key role in, and promotes, aircraft
observations in Japan. We also investigate and promote future space exploration missions in collaboration withinstitutions in Japan and overseas to gain new insights into physical phenomena. We assist in advancing observation
capabilities for future orbital and suborbital observations by developing an efficient common technological anddevelopment environment via interdisciplinary activities. The Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Laboratory
contributes to COSO’s activities by using X-and Ka-band radars, together with numerical model studies under VL
activities. The Space Exploration and Research Office (SERO) was newly established in 2018.

Main Activities in FY2019
Promotion of aircraft observations
Aircraft observations of water vapor on the upstream side ofheavy rainfall was implemented, in collaboration with DOTSTAR in
Taiwan. In addition, ground-based observation equipment such as radar
was installed on Yonagunijima island to carry out joint observations
with the US, Taiwan, and Korea, targeting typhoons in 2021.
In the United Arab Emirates Precipitation Intensification Science
Program “Advanced Research on Precipitation Intensification in Arid
and Semi-arid Regions,” the investigation of the effects of
Ka-band radar installed on Yonagunijima.
cloud-aerosol processes on cumulus development and precipitation
efficiency using a numerical cloud-resolution model has continued. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, andTourism’s Transport Technology Development Promotion System research project, “Basic study on understanding highice water content clouds causing jet engine power loss and air data probe failures and development of their detection
and prediction methods,” has started. We are also preparing for ice cloud observations conducted jointly with the US,
which are scheduled in 2021.
The proposal “Promotion of Climate and Earth System Science Research by Aircraft Observation,” jointly
proposed by the Meteorological Society of Japan, the Japan Society of Atmospheric Chemistry, and the Japan
Aeronautics and Astronautics Society for the Master Plan 2020 of the Science Council of Japan, was selected as a highpriority project. In this proposal, COSO is the core base for the aircraft observations.

64

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

8-2. Research Centers

Promotion of international collaboration in satellite missions for terrestrial upper
atmospheric exploration
Regarding future space exploration missions, we investigated integrated observational methodologies for spaceplasmas, upper atmospheric particles, plasma waves, electric/magnetic fields, and auroral emissions in the terrestrial
magnetosphere/ionosphere/thermosphere, collaborating mostly with Swedish research institutes. Centering around
specialty Swedish scientific instruments, we discussed concrete measurement techniques, based on collaborative
research and development on the Japanese side, through on-site science meetings and remote discussions via email.

Solar observation mission using nano-satellites
We are developing a solar neutron and gamma-ray detector, weighing less than 10 kg, intended for nano-satellites
weighing less than 10 kg. The nano-satellitesare chosen because they have more launch opportunities than 50-kg satellites
like ChubuSat. We plan to launch an engineering prototype in 2021 and a satellite with scientific instruments in 2022 orlater, in time for the next solar maximum. In FY2019, we designed components specifically required for the scientificsatellite. We also developed a signal processing board for low-power integrated circuits.

Space Exploration and Research Office
The Space Exploration and Research Office (SERO) has been established as the first step toward forming a
research center to consolidate all space-related activities at the university, and to promote hardware development andobservational research for space exploration and science. The development of nano-satellites is one of SERO’s most
crucial activities. Educational activities are also important to SERO. We held two-week basic training courses for space
applications in August and February. We also held a two-week advanced training course in March. All the courses drew
close to 30 applicants. About 40% of the applicants were from outside Nagoya University.

Investigation on the simultaneous development of multiple satellites for future space
exploration missions
Cooperating with a domestic manufacturer with substantial achievementsin spaceborne component development for previous space missions, we havebeen designing a standard bus system for the compact (150–200 kg) satellite
missions applicable to future demonstrative space exploration. We have also
2-week training course for space applications.
been investigating the technical issues required for the simultaneousdevelopment, cluster launch, and operation of multiple satellites to realize multi-point observations. We discussed
electric/mechanical interfaces, simultaneous ground-based test configuration/subjects, mechanical structures and electronics
for launch and separation, and satellite–satellite communication operations, including time synchronization methods.

Promotion of observations using Earth-observing satellites
Regarding the future concept of an Earth-observation satellite, studies on the future spaceborne precipitation radar were
implemented. A new radar called DPR2, which is an upgraded version of the dual frequency precipitation radar onboard the GPM coreobservatory, was proposed in the grand design of the Earth-observation satellite program, as a key sensor for the cloud-precipitation
observation mission. In cooperation with JAXA, we participated in discussions on the NASA cloud-precipitation observation mission.
Using J-OFURO3, the third-generation dataset of heat–momentum–freshwater flux between the atmosphere and theocean, which is important for accurately understanding the energy balance and climate change of the Earth system, long-term(30 years) global heat flux fluctuations were analyzed. Furthermore, a new algorithm applicable to severe weather conditions,such as typhoons, was developed.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research658-3. Interdisciplinary Researches

Project for Solar–Terrestrial Climate Research
Do variations in solar activity influence our weather and climate? Researchers specializing in fields such as
astronomy, solar physics, meteorology, climatology, paleoclimatology, and oceanography have grappled with thisquestion for the past two hundred years or more. Two thousand years ago, astronomers of the Chinese imperial court
chronicled sunspot activity for exploring variations in solar activity. In 1801 the British astronomer William Herscheldiscovered a significant correlation between the number of sunspots and the market value of wheat in London andreported his findings in a paper published by the Royal Society. He concluded that a reduction in the number ofsunspots affected a change in climate that altered wheat yields, and as a result, influenced the price of wheat. This study
is considered as the first attempt to examine correlations among the Sun, climate, and society (human life). Even now,correctly identifying the characteristic variations of solar activity and investigating their effects on climate change andmodern society remain important research topics in academics and society.
There is much evidence indicating that at least the Atlantic Ocean and surrounding areas, including Europe andNorth America, experienced significantly colder temperatures during the Maunder Minimum (a 70-year period from1645 to 1715) in which very few sunspots were observed and solar activity appeared nearly stagnant. Historical records
show that New York Harbor froze in the winter of 1780, enabling people to walk from Manhattan to Staten Island, andthat sea ice surrounding Iceland extended for miles, closing the harbors and dealing a blow to the fishing industry andtrade over a long period of time. While it is premature to conclude that the quieting of solar activity leads to a period ofcooling, many researchers believe that variations in solar activity influence medium-to-long-term climate changes.
However, to obtain conclusive evidence, it is necessary to reconstruct climate changes quantitatively and to continue
accumulating data on annual variations in solar activity.
Very few sunspots were observed from March 7 to March 20, 2017. The cycle length of solar magnetic activity
corresponding to the sunspot cycle was estimated at about 14 years during the Maunder Minimum. The sunspot cycle inSolar Cycle 24, which began in 2008, has grown to about 13 years, similar to that in the Maunder Minimum. This
indicates that we are entering a period of low solar activity, where a cooling on a global scale can occur in the near
future. To offer a qualified opinion on the likelihood of this prediction, we must examine diverse viewpoints on how
solar activity affects climate.

A scheme of the ISEE project for Solar–Terrestrial Climate Research. The latest developments in solar physics, meteorology &climatology, environmental studies, paleoclimatology, geomagnetism, and cosmic-ray physics are integrated.

66

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research8-3. Interdisciplinary Researches

The globally averaged surface temperature showed a clear upward trend after the latter half of the 20th century.
However, it continued to increase in the temperature range of 0.03–0.05°C per ten years from 1998 to 2012, and the global
warming pause or the global warming slowdown is called the “global warming hiatus.” Nonetheless the atmosphericgreenhouse gas concentration increases yearly, but a clear rise is not recognized in the observation of surface temperature.
The topic “global warming hiatus” was taken up on the Internet news and blogs, went over the scientific community, andthen had a huge impact on the general public. Based on a detailed analysis of the meteorological dataset from the land andocean temperatures (e.g., HadCRUT3) and computer experiments with climate models such as MIRCO, it was indicatedthat the global warming hiatus was caused by natural characteristics. Although we still cannot provide sufficient
explanation, it is evidenced that the decadal-centurial-time scale climate change is indirectly driven by secular variation insolar activity. Encouraging the understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of short-term natural fluctuations thatappear in the age of global warming will make the prediction of anthropogenic climate change more reliable. It isextremely important to draw up an environmental policy that stands on the influence on human society.
Radiocarbon (14C) and Beryllium-10 (10Be), known as cosmogenic isotopes, are produced at a rate that varies
according to the intensity of the incoming cosmic rays to Earth, which in turn are influenced by solar activity.
Analyzing 14C in tree rings and 10Be in ice cores is an effective way to study long-term variations in solar activity goingback tens of thousands of years. Such analyses of 14C and 10Be suggest that episodes of declining solar activity
resembling the Maunder Minimum have occurred repeatedly 12 times throughout the Holocene, which spans the pastten thousand years. Comparing cosmogenic isotopes against paleoclimate data can improve the understanding ofsolar-driven climate change on a long time-scale.
We have accumulated evidences over the past quarter century that will be effective in studying the mechanisms bywhich variations in solar activity affect climate and human society. The interdisciplinary project for Solar-Terrestrial
Climate Research at ISEE integrates the latest knowledge in solar physics, meteorology, climatology, environmental
studies, paleoclimatology, space physics, and cosmic ray physics with the aim of better understanding the variability insolar activity, fostering an understanding of solar-driven earth systems, and contributing to predictions of future global
environments.

Main Activities in FY2019
The 8th East Asia Mass Spectrometry Symposium
In recent years, the installation of accelerator mass spectrometry has been encouraged in many institutes in East Asian
countries. Under these circumstances, the 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Symposium was held under the
auspices of ISEE, Nagoya University, from December 3 to December 6, 2019. A total of 115 participants jointed from
Korea, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, the US, Australia, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the Philippines, and Poland.
One prevalent topic was studies dealing with historical solar activity by performing high-precision 14C and 10Be
accelerator mass spectrometry analyses of annual tree rings and ice sheet cores. In the session “Space and EarthEnvironmental Science,” the latest studies about past solar changes were presented; e.g., “Evidence for solar-flare andother cosmic-ray events in the 14C
record in tree rings and in the otherrecords” by A. J. T. Jull (Dept. ofGeosciences,
UniversityofArizona), F. Miyake (ISEE, Nagoya
University), and I. Panyushkina(Lab. for tree-ring research,
University of Arizona).
The participants of the 8th East Asia Mass Spectrometry Symposium.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research678-3. Interdisciplinary Researches

Project for the Space–Earth Envionmental Prediction
Over the past 50 years, space exploration has expanded rapidly and now gone past the edge of the heliosphere.
Consequently, it is known that solar activity and the dynamics of the space environment can significantly impact
human socio-economic systems as well as the global environment. For example, the giant solar flare observed by the
British astronomer Richard Carrington in 1859 caused powerful magnetic storms, called the Carrington Event. Ifsuch an event occurred in the modern era, power, satellite, aviation, and communication networks could possibly bedamaged on a global scale. Moreover, analyses of the latest stellar observations and of cosmogenic isotopes in treerings suggest even larger solar flares. However, the mechanisms of the onset of solar flares and their subsequent
processes have not yet been fully explained. Thus, modern society is at risk from severe space-weather disturbances,caused by such solar explosions, and understanding and predicting variations in the space–Earth environment is bothan important scientific subject and a crucial issue for modern society. Furthermore, because the accurate prediction ofcomplex phenomena is a common problem in science, the prediction is also a crucial subject for various scientificdisciplines. The Project for Space–Earth Environmental Prediction is a new joint research project aimed atsynergistically developing our predictive capability for the space–Earth environment through the cooperation andinteraction of solar physics, geomagnetism, space sciences, meteorology, climatology, space engineering, and otherrelated fields. This project addresses the various issues shown in the figure below, based on ISEE Collaborative
Research Programs and the support of a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from MEXT
Japan’s “Project for Solar-Terrestrial Environment Prediction (PSTEP).”

The objectives and subjects of the Project for Space–Earth Environmental Prediction.

68

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research8-3. Interdisciplinary Researches

Main Activities in FY2019
The 2nd ISEE Symposium, PSTEP-4: Toward the Solar–Terrestrial Environmental
Prediction as Science and Social Infrastructure
The 2nd ISEE symposium was held as the 4th international symposium “PSTEP-4: Toward the Solar–Terrestrial
Environmental Prediction as Science and Social Infrastructure” from January 28 to January 30 at the Sakata and Hirata
Halls of Nagoya University. This was the final international symposium of the PSTEP, which is a nation-wide projecton space weather and space climate in Japan (https://www.pstep.jp/). More than 100 researchers from Japan, the US, theUK, Germany, Italy, Canada, Belgium, Mexico, India, and Peru attended the symposium to discuss four topics:
forecasting systems, solar storms, geomagnetic fluctuations, and solar cycle activity. In the oral session, 48
presentations were made by invited speakers from abroad and domestic researchers, and 59 presentations were made in
the poster session. Please refer to the PSTEP WEB page http://www.pstep.jp/news/20200127.html for the agenda of thesymposium.
This project has been aimed at
overcoming the gap, called “death valley,”
between the basic science of space andEarth environment prediction, and forecast
operation. At this symposium, discussions
focused on this point were developed forpredictive studies of solar flares, coronalmass emission, radiation belts in thegeo-magnetosphere,
ionosphericdisturbance,
geomagneticallyinducedcurrent, solar radiation exposure, satellite
charging, radio wave propagation, and thenext solar cycle and its influence on climate.
The contribution of these studies was
The participants of the 2nd ISEE Symposium.
highly valued.

Korea-Japan Space Weather Workshop 2019
We organized the Korea-Japan Space
Weather Workshop 2019 with the Korean
Astronomical Research Institute (KASI) in
Daejeon, South Korea on November 28–29,
2019. This workshop is held every two years,
alternately by ISEE and KASI, to developinternational joint research on space weather
prediction through cooperation between
Japan and South Korea. We were able toexchange opinions on the latest researchachievements in both countries and actively
discuss plans for future international joint
research.

The participants of the Korea-Japan Space Weather Workshop 2019.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research698-3. Interdisciplinary Researches

Project for the Interaction of Neutral and Plasma Atmospheres
The Earth’s upper atmosphere is partly ionized because of solar ultraviolet emissions, forming the ionosphere.
Ionospheric plasma affects human activities in space, such as radio communications and GPS positioning. The
consequences of climate change appear significant in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. As shown in the
Figure below, neutral–plasma interaction processes in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere can be observed as
various phenomena occurring from high to low latitudes. The aurora in the polar regions is caused by theprecipitation of high-energy plasma, which heats the upper atmosphere and generates atmospheric waves anddisturbances that propagate toward low latitudes. However, ionospheric plasma instabilities, known as plasma
bubbles, occur in the equatorial upper atmosphere, interfering with satellite–ground communication and GPS
positioning. These phenomena can be measured using various ground-based remote-sensing instruments, such as
airglow imagers, magnetometers, radars and lidars, and millimeter-wave telescopes. This interdisciplinary project
investigates the interactions between the neutral and plasma components of the Earth’s atmosphere, using various
ground remote-sensing techniques and in-situ satellite measurements, as well as global and regional
high-resolution modeling of neutral–plasma interactions. The project contributes to the reliable use of space byhumans and to our understanding of possible plasma effects on the Earth’s climate change.

Research topics of the project for the interaction of neutral and plasma atmospheres.

70

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research8-3. Interdisciplinary Researches

Main Activities in FY2019
In FY2019, we conducted nine international
collaborative studies, nine domestic collaborative
projects, and 20 domestic meetings under ISEE. Various
scientific results have been obtained through thesecollaborative projects.
As mentioned in the previous paragraph, theinteraction of neutral and plasma components is an
Polar aurora as an indicator of plasma–atmosphereinteractions (photo taken at Athabasca, Canada on October 4,
essential and important issue for understanding the2019, during an ERG-ground campaign observation).
partially ionized atmosphere, or the ionosphere andthermosphere. We are expecting a dramatic
improvement in ground-based ionospheric measurement
accuracy with the initiation of EISCAT_3D in
Polar aurora as an indicator of plasma–atmosphere interactions(photo taken at Athabasca, Canada on October 4, 2019, during an
Scandinavia in 2022. However, as the measurement of
ERG-ground campaign observation).
neutral components in the thermosphere is theoretically
impossible for EISCAT_3D, preparations for diagnosing neutral components or the thermosphere are perceived as anurgent issue. The international project team (SDI-3D: established in 2018 by Japan, the US, Finland, Sweden, andNorway) has made budget requests to deploy three SDIs, which are capable of measuring thermospheric wind vectors
and temperatures within 1000 km2. Collaboration between the EISCAT_3D and the three SDIs in Scandinavia will
create an ideal environment for studying the coupled polar ionosphere–thermosphere system with state-of-the-art
ground-based instruments. We newly developed a multi-frequency millimeter-wave spectrometer to simultaneously
observe spectral lines of O3, CO, NO, NO2, and HO2 within a 230–255 GHz range. At the end of FY2020, the newspectrometer was shipped and is now being re-assembled at Syowa station to start steady monitoring of those
atmospheric molecules. The new scientific satellite Arase (ERG) was launched by ISAS/JAXA in December 2016 toinvestigate wave−particle interactions between high-energy electrons and ions in the inner magnetosphere. We haveconducted several ERG-ground campaign observations in FY2019. From the combined ground–satellite measurements,
including EISCAT and newly installed high-speed EMCCD cameras, several interesting results, especially concerningwave−particle interactions, have been reported in various scientific journals, including Nature, Nature Communications,and Nature Scientific Reports. An ISEE researcher was hired by the
University of Oulu in Finland through a cross-appointment and willconduct collaborative research related to this interdisciplinary project.
At middle- and low latitudes, various scientific results have beenobtained in FY2019, mainly using multi-point ground-based airglow
and GNSS observations. As an example, we studied atmosphericgravity waves (AGWs) and medium-scale traveling ionosphericdisturbances (MSTIDs) using more than 10 years of airglow images
obtained in Canada, Russia, and Japan. We show positive correlations
between the power of the AGWs in the mesosphere and MSTIDs in
the ionosphere, suggesting the generation of MSTIDs by AGWs fromthe lower atmosphere A 3-dimensional Fourier analysis of these
airglow images also provided wavenumber spectra and their latitudinal,
Positive correlation between the power of thelongitudinal, local time, and solar activity dependences in theatmospheric gravity wave in the mesosphere andmedium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in themesosphere and ionosphere.
ionosphere, obtained at Athabasca, Canada.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research718-3. Interdisciplinary Researches

Project for Aerosol and Cloud Formation
Hydrometeors and aerosols closely interact with each other in their generation and dissipation, and play importantroles in atmospheric water circulation, formation of convective clouds and typhoons, as well as in the Earth radiationbudget. However, they are some of the most unknown quantities in the atmosphere. Thus far, hydrometeors andcloud-precipitation systems have been studied in the Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, whereas aerosols andrelated processes have been studied in the Solar-Terrestrial Environmental Laboratory. In the joint research program,
researchers from both centers will cooperate to study the interaction between aerosols and hydrometeors, theirvariations in the formation of precipitation, and cloud-aerosol-radiation interactions by field observations and numericalsimulations. On the basis of field observations, the numerical model will be improved for quantitative simulation ofcloud and aerosol processes. In cooperation with the Center for Orbital and Suborbital Observations, we will conduct insitu observations of typhoons using an aircraft, balloons, and drones. This research will improve CReSS and study the
impact of aerosols on typhoon clouds.

Upper: A mesoscale convective system and hydrometeors simulated by the CReSS model.
Lower: The superimposed images show hydrometeors expected to be present in the convective system. Balloon observation of
typhoon clouds. Launching balloon (left) and observed hydrometeors (right).

72

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research8-3. Interdisciplinary Researches

Main Activities in FY2019
Cloud and aerosol observations in the UAE and aerosol modelingTo investigate the effects of aerosols on diurnal convective clouds and their precipitation, using aircraft
observations collected in the UAE in September 2017, the spatio-temporal variation of atmospheric aerosols acting as
CCNs and INPs, and the microphysical structures of the clouds
were analyzed in detail. The aerosols that act as CCNs areactivated at water supersaturations of 0.2 to 0.5% in updraft coresnear cloud bases, and the number concentrations of activatedcloud droplets decreases with altitude owing to thecollision-coalescence of cloud droplets and the entrainment of thesurrounding dry air, except near cloud tops. Ice particles show acharacteristic spatial distribution with larger particle sizes andsmaller number concentrations in the updraft cores compared tothe surrounding areas. An investigation of the effects ofatmospheric aerosols over the UAE on the formation of diurnal
convective clouds and their precipitation formation processes isplanned,
using
CReSS
implemented
withaerosol–
The effect of aerosols on convective precipitation clouds
cloud-precipitation–integrated
cloud
microphysics(vertical cross-section through the center of the cloud).
Mass mixing ratios of atmospheric aerosols, aerosols
parameterization (Fig.), including various types of aerosols
present in cloud water, and rainwater (from upper left toupper right), and aerosols present in cloud ice, snow, and(sea-salt, mineral dust, sulfate, inorganic carbon, organic carbon,
hail (from the lower left to lower right) in 1 kg of air.
etc.) as prognostic variables.

Observation of aerosol particles in Okinawa
As part of the KAKENHI research project (PI: K. Tsuboki), observations were conducted in collaboration with the
University of Ryukyus and Nagasaki University. We measured the size distribution of aerosol particles in the summer
and autumn of 2018 and 2019, and PM2.5 mass concentrations continuously from August 2018, using an opticalparticle analyzer and a low-cost optical sensor, respectively, at the University of Ryukyus. For the seven typhoons thatpassed near the site, the effect of wind speed on the mass concentration of aerosol particles (mainly sea-salt) withdiameters between 0.3 and 10 m was analyzed. Mass concentration was found to increase by 50 g/m3 for a 10 m/s
increase in wind speed. In addition, to study the concentrations of sea-salt and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in theaerosols, we have been collecting bulk aerosols continuously since September 2018, even during typhoon days. The
amount of sea-salt in the aerosols showed a good positive correlation with wind speed. It has been reported that whensea-salt is emitted from the surface of
seawater,itattracts
organic
compounds to itself and can thus
enrich the concentrations of DOC by
several hundred to a couple ofthousand times. By studying theconcentrations of sea-salt and DOC
in aerosols with varying wind speed,
we were able to estimate that theLeft: Relationship between mass concentration of aerosol particles with diameters between 0.3
enrichment factor was about 700 inand 10 m and wind speed during the passage of seven typhoons.
Right: Enrichment factor of DOC in the aerosols with respect to seawater DOC.
the natural environment.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research739. Publications and Presentations

9. Publications and Presentations
Papers (in refereed Journals, April 2019–March 2020)
Abdellaoui, G., S. Abe, J. H. Adams, A. Ahriche, D. Allard, L. Allen, G. Alonso, L. Anchordoqui, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai et al.
(Y. Itow), Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy
cosmic ray observations. Astropart. Phys., 111, 54–71, Nov. 1, 2019 (10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.008).
Abdollahi, S., F. Acero, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri
et al. (H. Tajima), Fermi Large Area Telescope fourth source catalog. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 247(1), 33, Mar. 10,2020 (10.3847/1538-4365/ab6bcb).
Abe, K., K. Hiraide, K. Ichimura, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, T. Norita,
H. Ogawa et al. (Y. Itow, K. Kanzawa, R. Kegasa, K. Masuda, H. Takiya), Development of low radioactivity
photomultiplier tubes for the XMASS-I detector. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect.
Assoc. Equip., 922, 171–176, Apr. 1, 2019 (10.1016/j.nima.2018.12.083).
Acharyya, A., I. Agudo, E. O. Angüner, R. Alfaro, J. Alfaro, C. Alispach, R. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, J.-P. Amans, L. Amati etal. (A. Okumura, H. Tajima, A. Zenin), Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope
Array layout. Astropart. Phys., 111, 35–53, Sep. 2019 (10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.04.001).
Adams, C., G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, C. Aramo, W. Benbow, B. Bertucci, E. Bissaldi, M. Bitossi, A. Boiano, C. Bonavolontà
et al. (A. Okumura), Characterization and assembly of near-ultraviolet SiPMs for the Schwarzschild-Couder
medium-size telescope proposed for the CTA Observatory. Proc. SPIE, 11114, 111140D, Oct. 24, 2019(10.1117/12.2530617).
Adriani, O., E. Berti, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, R. D’Alessandro, S. Detti, M. Haguenauer, Y. Itow, K. Kasahara, H. Menjo et al.
(Y. Muraki, K. Ohashi, K. Sato, M. Ueno), Measurement of energy flow, cross section and average inelasticity offorward neutrons generated in s√=13TeV proton-proton collisions with the LHCf Arm2 detector. J. High Energy
Phys., in press.
Ahnen, M. L., S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida,
J. A. Barrio et al. (H. Tajima), MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources. Mon.
Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 485(1), 356–366, May 2019 (10.1093/mnras/stz089).
Al-Janabi, K., P. Antolin, D. Baker, L. R. Bellot Rubio, L. Bradley, D. H. Brooks, R. Centeno, J. L. Culhane, G. Del Zanna,
G. A. Doschek et al. (S. Imada), Achievements of Hinode in the first eleven years. Publ. Astron.Soc. Jpn, 71(5), R1,
Oct. 16, 2019 (10.1093/pasj/psz084).
Ajello, M., M. Arimoto, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, P. N. Bhat, E. Bissaldi,
R. D. Blandford et al. (H. Tajima), A Decade of Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by Fermi-LAT: The Second GRB
Catalog. Astrophys. J., 878(1), 52, Jun. 13, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d4e).
Ajello, M., L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R, Bonino,
E. Bottacini et al. (H. Tajima), A Search for Cosmic-Ray Proton Anisotropy with the Fermi Large Area Telescope.
Astrophys. J., 883(1), 33, Sep. 18, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab3a2e 2019/9/18).
Ajello, M., M. Arimoto, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi etal. (H. Tajima), Bright gamma-ray flares observed in GRB131108A. Astrophys. J. lett., 886(2), L33, Dec. 1, 2019(10.3847/2041-8213/ab564f).
Ajello, M., M. Arimoto, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi,
R. D. Blandford et al. (H. Tajima), Observations of GRB 190114C: Tracing the Evolution of High-energy Emission
from Prompt to Afterglow. Astrophys. J., 890(1), 9, Feb. 10, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab5b05).
Akata, N., H. Hasegawa, S. Sugihara, M. Tanaka, M. Furukawa, N. Kurita, T. Kovács, Y. Shiroma, and H. Kakiuchi, Tritium,hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions in monthly precipitation samples collected at Toki, Japan. Radiat. Prot.
Dosim., 184(3-4), 338–341, Oct. 1, 2019 (10.1093/rpd/ncz062).
74

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

Astafyeva, E., M. S. Bagiya, M. Förster, and N. Nishitani, Unprecedented Hemispheric Asymmetries During a Surprise
Ionospheric Storm: A Game of Drivers. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 125(3), e2019JA027261, Mar. 2020
(10.1029/2019JA027261).
Balan, N., Q.-H. Zhang, K. Shiokawa, R. Skoug, Z. Xing, S. Tulasi Ram, and Y. Otsuka, IpsDst of Dst storms applied toionosphere‐thermosphere storms and low latitude aurora. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(11), 9552–9565,
Nov. 2019 (10.1029/2019JA027080).
Balan, N., Q.-H. Zhang, Z. Xing, R. Skoug, H. Lühr, K. Shiokawa, S. Tulasi Ram, Y. Otsuka, and L. Zhao, Capability ofGeomagnetic Storm Parameters to Identify Severe Space Weather. Astrophys. J., 887(1), 51, Dec. 10, 2019(10.3847/1538-4357/ab5113).
Baron, P., S. Ochiai, E. Dupuy, R. Larsson, H. Liu, N. Manago, D. Murtagh, S.-I. Oyama, H. Sagawa, A. Saito et al., Potential
for the measurement of mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) wind, temperature, density and geomagnetic
field with Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder 2 (SMILES-2). Atmos. Meas. Tech. 13(1),219–237, Jan. 20, 2020 (10.5194/amt-13-219-2020).
Behrens, B., Y. Miyairi, A. D. Sproson, M. Yamane, and Y. Yokoyama, Meltwater discharge during the Holocene from theWilkes subglacialbasin revealed by beryllium isotope analysis of marine sediments. J. Quat. Sci., 34(8), 603–608,
Nov. 2019 (10.1002/jqs.3148).
Beletskii, A. B., R. A. Rakhmatulin, T. Y. Syrenova, R. V. Vasilev, A. V. Mikhalev, A.Y. Pashinin, K. Shiokawa, andN. Nishitani, Preliminary results of simultaneous recording of auroral and geomagnetic pulsations at the ISTP SB
RAS station Istok. Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 5(2), 39–44, Jun. 28, 2019 (10.12737/stp-52201906).
Berngardt, O. I., J. M. Ruohoniemi, J.-P. St-Maurice, A. Marchaudon, M. J. Kosch, A. S. Yukimatu, N. Nishitani,
S. G. Shepherd, M. F. Marcucci, H. Hu et al., Global diagnostics of ionospheric absorption during X-ray solar flares
based on 8- to 20-MHz noise measured by over-the-horizon radars. Space Weather, 17(6), 907–924, Jun. 2019(10.1029/2018SW002130).
Cai, L., S. Oyama, S., A. Aikio, H. Vanhamäki, and I. Virtanen, Fabry-Perot interferometer observations of thermospherichorizontal winds during magnetospheric substorms. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(5), 3709–3728, May 2019(10.1029/2018JA026241).
Chakraborty, S. J., B. H. Baker, J. M. Ruohoniemi, B. Kunduri, N. Nishitani, and S. G. Shepherd, A study of SuperDARN
response to co-occurring space weather phenomena. Space Weather, 17(9), 1351–1363, Sep. 2019(10.1029/2019SW002179).
Chen, X. Y., Y. H. Yan, B. L. Tan, J. Huang, W. Wang, L. J. Chen, Y. Zhang, C. M. Tan, D. H. Liu, and S. Masuda,
Quasi-periodic Pulsations before and during a Solar Flare in AR 12242. Astrophys. J., 878(2), 78, Jun. 20, 2019(10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d64).
Chian, A. C. L., S. S. A. Silva, E. L. Rempel, M. Gosic, L. R. B. Rubio, K. Kusano, R. A. Miranda, and I. S. Requerey,
Supergranular turbulence in the quiet Sun: Lagrangian coherent structures. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 488(3),3076–3088, Sep. 2019 (10.1093/mnras/stz1909).
Deng, Y., H. Yai, H. Fujinari, K. Kawana, T. Nakayama, and M. Mochida, Diurnal variation and size dependence of thehygroscopicity of organic aerosol at a forest site in Wakayama, Japan: Their relationship to CCN concentrations.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19(9), 5889–5903, May 6, 2019 (10.5194/acp-19-5889-2019).
Desai, M. I., M. A. Dayeh, F. Allegrini, D. J. McComas, H. Funsten, J. Heerikhuisen, S. A. Fuselier, N. Pogorelov,
N. A. Schwadron, G. P. Zank et al. (M. Tokumaru), Temporal evolution of the latitude and energy dependence of
the Energetic Neutral Atom spectral indices measured by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) over the firstnine years. Astrophys. J., 875(2), 91, Apr. 19, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab0f37).
Egusa, T., T. Kumagai, T. Oda, T. Gomi, and N. Ohte, Contrastingpatterns in the decrease of spatialvariability with increasing
catchmentarea between stream discharge andwater chemistry. Water Resour. Res., 55(8), 7419–7435, Aug. 2019

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research75

9. Publications and Presentations(10.1029/2018WR024302).
Endo, S., M. Nagashima, and M. Enami, Crystal chemistry and Raman spectroscopy of momoiite from Japan. J. Mineral.
Petrol. Sci., 114(4), 161–169, Sep. 28, 2019 (10.2465/jmps.190219).
Flossmann, A. I., M. Manton, A. Abshaev, R. Bruintjes, M. Murakami, T. Prabhakaran, and Z. Yao, Review of advances inprecipitation

enhancement

research.

Bull.

Amer.

Meteorol.

Soc., 100,

1456–1480,

Aug.

28,

2019

(10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0160.1).
Fujiki, T., R. Inoue, M. C. Honda, M. Wakita, Y. Mino, C. Sukigara, and O. Abe, Time-series observations of photosynthetic
oxygen production in the subtropical western North Pacific by an underwater profiling buoy system. Limnol.
Oceanogr., in press (10.1002/lno.11372 2019/11/12).
Fujinami, H., H. Hirata, M. Kato, and K. Tsuboki, Mesoscale precipitation systems and their role in the rapid developmentof a monsoon depression over the Bay of Bengal. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146(726), 267–283, Jan. 2020
(10.1002/qj.3672).
Fujiyama, M, H. Hayakawa, T. Iju, T. Kawai, S. Toriumi, K. Otsuji, K. Kondo, Y. Watanabe, S. Nozawa, and S. Imada,
Revisiting Kunitomo’s sunspot drawings during 1835–1836 in Japan. Sol. Phys., 294(4), 43, Apr. 2019(10.1007/s11207-019-1429-3).
Fukui, K., Y. Miyashita, S. Machida, Y. Miyoshi, A. Ieda, Y. Nishimura, and V. Angelopoulos, A statistical study ofnear-Earth magnetotail evolution during pseudosubstorms and substorms with THEMIS data. J. Geophys. Res.
Space Physics, 125(1), e2019JA026642, Dec. 17, 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026642).
Fukutomi, Y., Tropical synoptic-scale waves propagating across the Maritime Continent and northern Australia. J. Geophys.
Res. Atmos., 124(14), 7665–7682, Jul. 27, 2019 (10.1029/2018JD029795).
Furukawa, K., J. C. Buitrago-Casas, J. Vievering, K. Hagino, L. Glesener, P. S. Athiray, S. Krucker, S. Watanabe, S. Takeda,
S. Ishikawa et al., Development of 60 mu m pitch CdTe double-sided strip detectors for the FOXSI-3 sounding
rocket experiment. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip., 924, 321–326,
Apr. 21, 2019 (10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.011).
Gaug, M., S. Fegan, A. M. W. Mitchell, M. C. Maccarone, T. Mineo, and A. Okumura, Using muon rings for the calibration of
the Cherenkov Telescope Array: A systematic review of the method and its potential accuracy. Astrophys. J. Suppl.
Ser., 243(1), 11, Jul. 8, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4365/ab2123).
Goodwin, L. V., Y. Nishimura, Y. Zou, K. Shiokawa, and P. T. Jayachandran, Mesoscale convection structures associated with
airglow patches characterized using Cluster-imager conjunctions. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(9), 7513–
7532, Sep. 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026611).
Gupta, A., S. K. Dhaka, Y. Matsumi, R. Imasu, S. Hayashida, and V. Singh, Seasonal and annual variation of AIRS retrieved
CO2 over India during 2003–2011. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 128(4), 92, Jun. 2019 (10.1007/s12040-019-1108-7).
Hagiwara, K., K. Abe, C. Bronner, Y. Hayato, M. Ikeda, H. Ito, J. Kameda, Y. Kataoka, Y. Kato, Y. Kishimoto et al.
(Y. Itow, T. Niwa, M. Taani, M. Tsukada), Search for astronomical neutrinos from blazar TXS 0506+056 in
Super-Kamiokande. Astrophys. J. lett., 887, L6, Dec. 10, 2019 (10.3847/2041-8213/ab5863).
Han, C., I. A. Bond, A. Udalski, A. Gould, V. Bozza, Y. Hirao, A. Cassan, M. D. Albrow, S.-J. Chung, K.-H. Hwang et al.
(F. Abe, Y. Itow, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki), OGLE-2018-BLG-0022: First Prediction of an Astrometric
Microlensing Signal from a Photometric Microlensing Event. Astrophys. J., 876(1), 81, May 1, 2019(10.3847/1538-4357/ab1539).
Han, C., J. C. Yee, A. Udalski, I. A. Bond, V. Bozza, A. Cassan, Y. Hirao, S. Dong, J. A. Kollmeier, N. Morrell et al. (F. Abe,Y. Itow, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki), A Spectroscopic Mass and Host-star Metallicity Measurements for Newly
Discovered

Microlensing

Planet

OGLE-2018-BLG-0740Lb.

Astron.

J.,158(3),

102,

Sep.

2019

(10.3847/1538-3881/ab2df4).
Han, C., D. P. Bennett, A. Udalski, A. Gould, I. A. Bond, Y. Shvartzvald, K. S. Nikolaus, M. Hundertmark, V. Bozza, A. Cassan

76

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

et al. (F. Abe, Y. Itow, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki), OGLE-2018-BLG-1011Lb, c: Microlensing Planetary Systemwith Two Giant Planets Orbiting a Low-mass Star. Astron. J., 158(3), 114, Sep. 2019 (10.3847/1538-3881/ab2f74).
Han, C., C.-U. Lee, A. Udalski, A. Gould, I. A. Bond, M. D. Albrow, S.-J. Chung, K.-H. Hwang, Y. K. Jung, Y.-H. Ryu et al.
(F. Abe, H. Fujii, Y. Itow, Y. Kamei, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, T. Yamakawa), OGLE-2018-BLG-1700L:
Microlensing Planet in Binary Stellar System. Astron. J., 159(2), 48, Feb. 2020 (10.3847/1538-3881/ab5db9).
Harada, Y., S. Ruhunusiri, J. S. Halekas, J. Espley, G. A. DiBraccio, J. P. Mcfadden, D. L. Mitchell, C. Mazelle, G. Collinson,
D. A. Brain et al. (M. Nosé), Locally generated ULF waves in the Martian magnetosphere: MAVEN observations. J.
Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(11), 8707–8726, Nov. 2019 (10.1029/2019JA027312).
Hasegawa, T., S. Matsuda, A. Kumamoto, F. Tsuchiya, Y. Kasahara, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Kasaba, A. Matsuoka, and I. Shinohara,
Automatic Electron Density Determination by Using a Convolutional Neural Network. IEEE Access, 7, 163384–
163394, Nov. 6, 2019 (10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2951916).
Hayakawa, H., Y. Mitsuma, Y. Ebihara, and F. Miyake, The Earliest Candidates of Auroral Observations in Assyrian
Astrological Reports: Insights on Solar Activity around 660 BCE. Astrophys. J. lett., 884(1), L18, Oct. 10, 2019(10.3847/2041-8213/ab42e4).
Hayakawa, H, M. Soma, K. Tanikawa, D. M. Willis, M. N. Wild, L. T. Macdonald, S. Imada, K. Hattori, and F. R. Stephenson,
A Transit of Venus Possibly Misinterpreted as an Unaided-Eye Sunspot Observation in China on 9 December 1874.
Sol. Phys., 294(9), 119, Sep. 2019 (10.1007/s11207-019-1504-9).
Hayakawa, H, Y. Ebihara, E. W. Cliver, K. Hattori, S. Toriumi, J. J. Love, N. Umemura, K. Namekata, T. Sakaue, T. Takahashi,
and K. Shibata, The extreme space weather event in September 1909. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 484(3),4083–4099, Apr. 2019 (10.1093/mnras/sty3196).
Hayakawa, H., B. P. Besser, T. Iju, R. Arlt, S. Uneme, S. Imada, P.-A. Bourdin, and A. Kraml, Thaddäus Derfflinger’s sunspot
observations during 1802–1824: A primary reference to understand the Dalton Minimum. Astrophys. J., 90(2), 98,
Feb. 20, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab65c9).
Hayashi, K., T. Mizuno, Y. Fukui, R. Okamoto, H. Yamamoto, N. Hidaka, A. Okumura, H. Tajima, and H. Sano, Fermi-LAT
gamma-ray study of the interstellar medium and cosmic rays in the Chamaeleon Molecular-Cloud Complex: A lookat the dark gas as optically thick HI. Astrophys. J., 884(2), 130. Oct. 20, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab4351).
Hendry, A. T., O. Santolik, C. A. Kletzing, C. J. Rodger, K. Shiokawa, and D. Baishev, Multi-instrument observation of
nonlinear EMIC-driven electron precipitation at sub–MeV energies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(13), 7248–7257, Jul. 16,
2019 (10.1029/2019GL082401).
Hendry, A. T., O. Santolik, Y. Miyoshi, A. Matsuoka, C. J. Rodger, M. A. Clilverd, C. A. Kletzing, M. Shoji, and I. Shinohara,
A multi-instrument approachto determining the source-regionextent of EEP-driving EMIC waves. Geophys. Res.
Lett., in press (10.1029/2019GL086599).
Hiranuma, N., K. Adachi, D. Bell, F. Belosi, H. Beydoun, B. Bhaduri, H. Bingemer, C. Budke, H.-C. Clemen, F. Conen et al.
(M. Murakami), A comprehensive characterization of ice nucleation by three different types of cellulose particles
immersed in water. Atmos. Chem. Phys, 19(7), 4823–4849, Apr. 10, 2019 (10.5194/acp-19-4823-2019).
Hirata, H., R. Kawamura, M. Nonaka, and K. Tsuboki, Significant impactof heat supply from the Gulf Stream on a“superbomb”

cyclonein

January

2018.

Geophys.

Res.

Lett.,

46(13),

7718–7725,

Jul.

16,

2019

(10.1029/2019GL082995).
Hirata, H., R. Kawamura, M. K. Yoshioka, M. Nonaka, and K. Tsuboki, Key role of the Kuroshio Current in the formation offrontal structure of an extratropical cyclone associated with heavy precipitation. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124(12),6143–6156, Jun. 27, 2019 (10.1029/2018JD029578).
Hosokawa, K., Y. Miyoshi, M. Ozaki, S.-I. Oyama, Y. Ogawa, S. Kurita, Y. Kasahara, Y. Kasaba, S. Yagitani, S. Matsuda, etal. (K. Shiokawa), Multiple time-scale beats in aurora: precise orchestration via magnetospheric chorus waves. Sci.
Rep., 10, 3380, Feb. 25, 2020 (10.1038/s41598-020-59642-8).

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research779. Publications and Presentations

Huang, J., B. Tan, S. Masuda, X. Cheng, S. K. Bisoi, and V. Melnikov, Localized microwave and EUV bright structures in an
eruptive prominence. Astrophys. J., 874(2), 176, Apr. 5, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e80).
Huang, K. Y., J. Shimoda, Y. Urata, K. Toma, K. Yamaoka, K. Asada, H. Nagai, S. Takahashi, G. Petitpas, and M. Tashiro,
ALMA Polarimetry of AT2018cow. Astrophys. J. lett., 878(1), L25, Jun. 10, 2019 (10.3847/2041-8213/ab23fd).
Ieda, A., Ion-neutral collision frequencies for calculating ionospheric conductivity. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 125(2),e2019JA027128, Feb. 2020 (10.1029/2019JA027128).
Ieda, A., K. Kauristie, Y. Nishimura, Y. Miyashita, H. U. Frey, L. Juusola, D. Whiter, M. Nosé, M. O. Fillingim, F. Honary et al.
(Y. Miyoshi, T. Miura, T. Kawashima, S. Machida), Correction to: Simultaneous observation of auroral substorm
onset in Polar satellite global images and ground-based all-sky images. Earth Planets Space, 71(1), 75, Jul. 8, 2019(10.1186/s40623-019-1053-3).
Iijima, H., H. Hotta, and S. Imada, Effect of Morphological Asymmetry between Leading and Following Sunspots on thePrediction of Solar Cycle Activity. Astrophys. J., 883(1), 24, Sep. 20, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab3b04).
Ikemori, F., T. Nakayama, and H. Hasegawa, Characterization and possible sources of nitrated mono- and di-aromatichydrocarbons containing hydroxyl and/or carboxyl functional groups in ambient particles in Nagoya, Japan. Atmos.
Environ., 211, 91–102, Aug. 15, 2019 (10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.009).
Imajo, S., M. Nosé, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, A. Matsuoka, K. Keika, T. Hori, M. Teramoto, K. Yamamoto, S. Oimatsu et al.
(Y. Miyoshi), Meridional distribution of middle-energy protons and pressure-driven currents in the nightside innermagnetosphere: Arase observations. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(7), 5719–5733, Jul. 31, 2019(10.1029/2019JA026682).
Ishikawa, S., and S. Krucker, Hot plasma in a quiescent solar active region as measured by RHESSI, XRT, and AIA.
Astrophys. J., 846(2),111, May 10, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab13a1).
Iwai, K., S. Yashiro, N. V. Nitta, and Y. Kubo, Spectral structures of type II solar radio bursts and olar energetic particles.
Astrophys. J., 881(1), 50, Jan. 7, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab57ff).
Iwai, K., D. Shiota, M. Tokumaru, K. Fujiki, M. Den, and Y. Kubo, Development of a coronal mass ejection arrival time
forecasting system using interplanetary scintillation observations. Earth Planets Space, 71(1), 39, Apr. 4, 2019(10.1186/s40623-019-1019-5).
Iwasaki, S., T. Seguchi, H. Okamoto, K. Sato, S. Katagiri, M. Fujiwara, T. Shibata, K. Tsuboki, T. Ono, and T. Sugidachi,
Large-and-Sparse-particle Clouds (LSC): Clouds which are subvisible for space-borne lidar and observable forspace-borne cloud radar. Polar Sci., 21, 117–123, Sep. 2019 (10.1016/j.polar.2019.05.003).
Jackson, B. V., H.-S. Yu, A. Buffington, P. P. Hick, M. Tokumaru, K. Fujiki, J. Kim, and J. Yun, A daily determination of BZ
using the Russell‐McPherron effect to forecast geomagnetic activity. Space Weather, 17(4), 639–652, Apr. 25,
2019 (10.1029/2018SW002098).
Jiang, M., K. Abe, C. Bronner, Y. Hayato, M. Ikeda, K. Iyogi, J. Kameda, Y. Kato, Y. Kishimoto, L. Marti et al. (Y. Itow,
M. Murase), Atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis with improved event reconstruction in Super-Kamiokande
IV. Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 2019(5), 053F01, May 14, 2019 (10.1093/ptep/ptz015).
Joshi, L. M., L.-C. Tsai, S.-Y. Su, Y. Otsuka, T. Yokoyama, M. Yamamoto, S. Sarkhel, K. Hozumi, and C.-H. Lu, Investigationof spatiotemporal morphology of plasma bubbles based on EAR observations. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics,
124(12), 10549–10563, Dec. 12, 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026839).
Jung, Y. K. , A. Gould, A. Udalski, T. Sumi, J. C. Yee, Y. Shvartzvald, W. Zang, C. Han, M. D. Albrow, S.-J. Chung et al.
(F. Abe, Y. Itow, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki), Spitzer Parallax of OGLE-2018-BLG-0596: A Low-mass-ratio Planetaround an M Dwarf. Astron. J., 158(1), 28, Jul. 2019 (10.3847/1538-3881/ab237f).
Kanada, S., H. Aiki, K. Tsuboki, and I. Takayabu, Future changes in typhoon-related precipitation in Eastern Hokkaido.
SOLA, 15, 244–249, Dec. 2019 (10.2151/sola.2019-044).
Kanada, S., K. Tsuboki, and I. Takayabu, Future changes of tropical cyclones in the midlatitudes in 4-km-mesh downscaling

78

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

experiments from large-ensemble simulations. SOLA, 16, 57–63, Mar. 3, 2020 (10.2151/sola.2020-010).
Kang, J., S. Inoue, K. Kusano, S.-H. Park, and Y.-J. Moon, Onset mechanism of M6.5 solar flare observed in active region
12371. Astrophys. J., 887(2), 263, Dec. 26, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab5582).
Kanno, Y., and T. Iwasaki, Future reductions in polar cold air mass and cold air outbreaks revealed from isentropic analysis.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 47(3), e2019GL086076, Feb.16, 2020 (10.1029/2019GL086076).
Kasahara, S., Y. Miyoshi, S. Kurita, S. Yokota, K. Keika, T. Hori, Y. Kasahara, S. Matsuda, A. Kumamoto, A. Matsuoka,
K. Seki, and I. Shinohara, Strong diffusion of energetic electrons by equatorial chorus waves in themidnight-to-dawn sector. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(22), 12685–12692, Nov. 28, 2019 (10.1029/2019GL085499).
Kawai, T., N. Kanda, and S. Imada, Velocity structure and temperature dependence of an extreme-ultraviolet jet observed byHinode. Sol. Phys., 294(6), 74, Jun. 2019 (10.1007/s11207-019-1469-8).
Kawamura, S., K. Hosokawa, S. Kurita, S. Oyama, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Kasahara, M. Ozaki, S. Matsuda, A. Matsuoka, B. Kozelov
et al., Tracking the region of high correlation between pulsating aurora and chorus: Simultaneous observations with
Arase satellite and ground‐based all‐sky imager in Russia. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(4), 2769–2778,
Apr. 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026496).
Kawate, T., T. Shimizu, S. Imada, T. Tsuzuki, Y. Katsukawa, H. Hara, Y. Suematsu, K. Ichimoto, H. Warren, L. Teriaca et al.,Concept study of Solar-C_EUVST optical design. Proc. SPIE, 11118, 111181N, Sep. 9, 2019 (10.1117/12.2527957).
Kikuchi, H., T. Suezawa, T. Ushio, N. Takahashi, H. Hanado, K. Nakagawa, M. Osada, T. Maesaka, K. Iwanami, K. Yoshimi
et al., Initial observations for Precipitation Cores with X-band Dual Polarized Phased Array Weather Radar. IEEE
Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing , in press (10.1109/TGRS.2019.2959628).
Kimura, N., H. Kiri, S. Kanada, I. Kitagawa, I. Yoshinaga, and H. Aiki, Flood simulations in mid-latitude agricultural land
using regional current and future extreme weathers. Water, 11(11), 2421, Nov. 19, 2019 (10.3390/w11112421).
Kinase, T., K. Adachi, N. Oshima, K. Goto-Azuma, Y. Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, S. Ohata, T. Mori et al.,Concentrations and size distributions of black carbon in the surface snow of eastern Antarctica in 2011. J. Geophys.
Res. Atmos., 125(1), e2019JD030737, Jan. 16, 2020 (10.1029/2019JD030737).
Kistler, L. M., C. G. Mouikis, K. Asamura, S. Yokota, S. Kasahara, Y. Miyoshi, K. Keika, A. Matsuoka, I. Shinohara, T. Horiet al., Cusp and nightside auroral sources of O+ in the plasma sheet. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(12),10036–10047, Dec. 9, 2019 (10.1029/2019JA027061).
Kobayashi, M., K. Abe, K. Hiraide, K. Ichimura, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, H. Ogawa, K. Sato,et al. (Y. Itow, K. Kanzawa, K. Masuda), Search for sub-GeV dark matter by annual modulation using XMASS-I
detector. Phys. Lett. B, 795, 308–313, Aug. 10, 2019 (10.1016/j.physletb.2019.06.022).
Koizumi, A., M. Kubota, K. Kutsuwada, T. Hihara, and H. Tomita, Impact of using multiple-satellite sensors on the accuracyof daily-mean sea surface wind data I. Int. J. Remote Sens. in press (10.1080/01431161.2019.1706113)
Kondo, I., T. Sumi, D. P. Bennett, A. Udalski, I. A. Bond, N. J. Rattenbury, V. Bozza, Y. Hirao, D. Suzuki, N. Koshimoto et al.
(F. Abe, H. Fujii, Y. Itow, Y. Kamei, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, T. Yamakawa), MOA-bin-29b: A microlensing
gas-giant planet orbiting a low-mass host star. Astron. J., 158(6), 224, Nov. 12, 2019 (10.3847/1538-3881/ab4e9e).
Kontogiannis, I., M. K. Georgoulis, J. A. Guerra, S. H. Park, and D. S. Bloomfield, Which Photospheric Characteristics Are
Most

RelevanttoActive-Region

CoronalMass

Ejections?

Sol.

Phys.,

294(9),

130,

Sep.

2019

(10.1007/s11207-019-1523-6).
Kouketsu, Y., C.-H. Tsai, and M. Enami, Discovery of unusual metamorphic temperatures in the Yuli belt, eastern Taiwan:
New interpretation of data by Raman carbonaceous material geothermometry. Geology, 47(6), 522–526, Jun. 1,
2019 (10.1130/G45934.1).
Koustov, A.V. , S. Ullrich, P. V. Ponomarenko, N. Nishitani, F. M. Marcucci, and W. A. Bristow, Occurrence of F region echoes
for the polar cap SuperDARN radars. Earth Planets Space, 71(1), 112, Oct. 28, 2019 (10.1186/s40623-019-1092-9).
Koustov, A.V. , S. Ullrich, P. V. Ponomarenko, R. G. Gillies, D. R. Themens, and N. Nishitani, Comparison of SuperDARN

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research799. Publications and Presentations

peak electron density estimates based on elevation angle measurements to ionosonde and incoherent scatter radarmeasurements. Earth Planets Space, 72, 43, Mar. 31, 2020 (10.1186/s40623-020-01170-w).
Koval, A., Y. Chen, T. Tsugawa, Y. Otsuka, A. Shinbori, M. Nishioka, A. Brazhenko, A. Stanislavsky, A. Konovalenko,
Q.-H. Zhang et al., Direct observations of travelling ionospheric disturbances as focusers of solar radiation: spectral
caustics. Astrophys. J., 877(2), 98, Jun. 1, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab1b52).
Kozlovsky, A., S. Shalimov, S. Oyama, K. Hosokawa, M. Lester, Y. Ogawa, and C. Hall, Ground echoes observed by themeteor radar and high-speed auroral observations in the substorm growth phase. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics,
124(11), 9278–9292, Nov. 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026829).
Krucker, S., S. Masuda, and S. White, Microwave and hard X-ray flare observations by NoRH/NoRP and RHESSI: Peak flux
correlations. Astrophys. J., in press (10.3847/1538-4357/ab8644).
Kuo, H.-C., S. Tsujino, C.-C. Huang, C.-C. Wang, and K. Tsuboki, Diagnosis of the dynamic efficiency of latent heat releaseand the rapid intensification of supertyphoon Haiyan (2013). Mon. Weather Rev., 147(4), 1127–1147, Apr. 2019(10.1175/MWR-D-18-0149.1).
Kuo, T.-H., M. Murakami, T. Tajiri, and N. Orikasa, Cloud condensation nuclei and immersion freezing abilities of Al2O3 andFe2O3 particles measured with the meteorological research institute’s cloud simulation chamber. J. Meteorol. Soc.
Jpn., 97(3), 597–614, Jun. 7, 2019 (10.2151/jmsj.2019-032).
Lastufka, E., S. Krucker, I. Zimovets, B. Nizamov, S. White, S. Masuda, D. Golovin, M. Litvak, I. Mitrofanov, and A. Sanin,
Multiwavelength stereoscopic observation of the 2013 May 1 solar flare and CME. Astrophys. J., 886(1), Nov. 20,
2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab4a0a).
Leach, S. A., J. S. Lapington, D. Ross, J. Thornhill, C. Duffy, S. Funk, A. Zink, D. Jankowsky, R. White, J. Zorn et al.
(A. Okumura, H. Tajima), Front-end electronics of the Compact High Energy Camera. Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip., 952, 161746, Feb. 1, 2020 (10.1016/j.nima.2018.12.061).
Lee, Z., S. L. Shang, Y. C. Wang, J. W. Wei, and J. Ishizaka, Nature of optical products inverted semianalytically from remotesensing reflectance of stratified waters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 65(2), 387–400, Feb. 2020 ( 10.1002/lno.11307).
Leipe, C., T. Long, E. A. Sergusheva, M. Wagner, and P. E. Tarasov, Discontinuous spread of millet agriculture in eastern Asiaand prehistoric population dynamics. Sci. Adv., 5(9), eaax6225, Sep. 25, 2019 (10.1126/sciadv.aax6225).
Leka, K. D., S. H. Park, K. Kusano, J. Andries, G. Barnes, S. Bingham, D. S. Bloomfield, A. E. McCloskey, V. Delouille,
D. Falconer et al., A comparison of flare forecasting methods. II. Benchmarks, metrics, and performance results for
operational solar flare forecasting systems. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 243(2), 36, Aug. 16, 2019(10.3847/1538-4365/ab2e12).
Leka, K. D., S. H. Park, K. Kusano, J. Andries, G. Barnes, S. Bingham, D. S. Bloomfield, A. E. McCloskey, V. Delouille,
D. Falconer et al., A comparison of flare forecasting methods. III. Systematic behaviors of operational solar flare
forecasting systems. Astrophys. J., 881(2), 101, Aug. 20, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab2e11).
Li, S.-S., W. Zang, A. Udalski, Y. Shvartzvald, D. Huber, C.-U. Lee, T. Sumi, A. Gould, S. Mao, P. Fouque et al. (F. Abe,Y. Itow, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki), OGLE-2017-BLG-1186: first application of asteroseismology and Gaussian
processes to microlensing. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 488(3), 3308‒3323, Sep. 2019 (10.1093/mnras/stz1873).
Li, Z., and H. Aiki, The life cycle of annual waves in the Indian Ocean as identified by seamless diagnosis of the energy flux.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 47(2), e2019GL085670, Jan. 28, 2020 (10.1029/2019GL085670).
Liu, N., S. Zhenpeng, G. Zhonglei, H. Zheng, Y. Wang, S. Wang, Y. Miyoshi, I. Shinohara, Y. Kasahara, F. Tsuchiya et al.
(M. Shoji, C.-W. Jun, T. Hori), Comprehensive observations of substorm-enhanced plasmaspheric hiss generation,
propagation, and dissipation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 47(2), e2019GL086040, Jan. 28, 2020 (10.1029/2019GL086040).
Martinez-Calderon, C., Y. Katoh, J. Manninen, Y. Kasahara, S. Matsuda, A. Kumamoto, F. Tsuchiya, A. Matsuoka, M. Shoji,
M. Teramoto, I. Shinohara, K. Shiokawa, and Y. Miyoshi, Conjugate observations of dayside and nightside VLF
chorus and QP emissions between Arase (ERG) and Kannuslehto, Finland. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 125(1),80Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentationse2019JA026663, Jan. 2020 (10.1029/2019JA026663).
Masunaga, H., M. Schröder, F. A. Furuzawa, C. Kummerow, E. Rustemeier, and U. Schneider, Inter-product biases in global
precipitation extremes. Environ. Res. Lett., 14(12), 125016, Dec.19, 2019 (10.1088/1748-9326/ab5da9).
Mei, H., M. Enami, M. Tsuboi, and Y. Asahara, Common occurrence of calcic plagioclase in granitoids from Mt. Kaizuki area,
central Japan. J. Mineral. Petrol. Sci., 114(4), 201–213, Sep. 28, 2019 (10.2465/jmps.190118).
Mendonça, R. R. S., C. Wang, C. R. Braga, E. Echer, A. Dal Lago, J. E. R. Costa, K. Munakata, H. Li, Z. Liu, J.-P. Raulin et al.
(M. Tokumaru), Analysis of cosmic rays’ atmospheric effects and their relationships to cutoff rigidity and zenith
angle using Global Muon Detector Network data. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(12), 9791–9813, Dec.14,
2019 (10.1029/2019JA026651).
Minami, M., H. Mukumoto, S. Wakaki, and T. Nakamura, Effect of Crystallinity of Apatite in Cremated bone on Carbon
exchanges during burial and reliability of Radiocarbon Dating. Radiocarbon, 61(6), 1823–1834, Dec. 1, 2019(10.1017/RDC.2019.97).
Mitani, K., K. Seki, K. Keika, M. Gkioulidou, L. J. Lanzerotti, D. G. Mitchell, C. A. Kletzing, A. Yoshikawa, and Y. Obana,
Statistical study of selective oxygen increase in high-energy ring current ions during magnetic storms. J. Geophys.
Res. Space Physics, 124(5), 3193–3209, May 8, 2019 (10.1029/2018JA026168).
Miyazaki, S., T. Sumi, D. P. Bennett, A. Udalski, Y. Shvartzvald, R. Street, V. Bozza, J. C. Yee, I. A. Bond, N. Rattenbury et al.
(F. Abe, H. Fujii, Y. Itow, Y. Kamei, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, T. Yamakawa), OGLE-2013-BLG-0911Lb:
A secondary on the brown-dwarf planet boundary around an M dwarf. Astron. J., 159(2), 76, Feb. 2020
(10.3847/1538-3881/ab64de).
Miyoshi, T., K. Kusano, and S. Inoue, A magnetohydrodynamic relaxation method for non-force-free magnetic field in
magnetohydrostatic equilibrium. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 247(1), 6, Mar. 2020 (10.3847/1538-4365/ab64f2).
Miyoshi, Y., S. Matsuda, S. Kurita, K. Nomura, K. Keika, M. Shoji, N. Kitamura, Y. Kasahara, A. Matsuoka, I. Shinohara,
K. Shiokawa, S. Machida et al., EMIC waves converted from equatorial noise due to M/Q=2 ions in theplasmasphere: Observations from Van Allen Probes and Arase. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(11), 5662–5669, Jun. 16,
2019 (10.1029/2019GL083024).
Mizuno, T. , S. Abdollahi, Y. Fukui, K. Hayashi, T. Koyama, A. Okumura, H. Tajima, and H. Yamamoto, Study of the cosmic
rays and interstellar medium in local H i clouds using Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations. Astrophys. J., 890(2),120, Feb. 20, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab6a99).
Momiyama, H., T. Kumagai, and T. Egusa, Reproducing monthly evapotranspiration from a coniferous plantation watershed
in Japan. J. For. Res., 24(3), 197–200, May 4, 2019 (10.1080/13416979.2019.1604606).
Mondal, S. , S. Sarkhel, J. Agarwal, D. Chakrabarty, R. Sekar, T. Yuan, X. Cai, A. Z. Liu, S. Nozawa, N. Saito et al., On thelong lasting “C-type” structures in the sodium lidargram: The lifetime of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in themesosphere and lower thermosphere region. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(4), 3110–3124, Apr. 30, 2019(10.1029/2019JA026630).
Mori, T., K. Goto-Azuma, Y. Kondo, Y. Ogawa-Tsukagawa, K. Miura, M. Hirabayashi, N. Oshima, M. Koike, K. Kupiainen,
N. Moteki, S. Ohata et al., Black carbon and inorganic aerosols in Arctic snowpack. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,
124(23), 13325–13356, Dec. 16, 2019 (10.1029/2019JD030623).
Mori, T., S. Ohata, Y. Morino, M. Koike, N. Moteki, and Y. Kondo, Changes in black carbon and PM2.5 in Tokyo in 2003–
2017. Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B-Phys. Biol. Sci., 96(3), 122–129, Mar. 30, 2020 (10.2183/pjab.96.010).
Munksgaard, N. C., N. Kurita, R. Sanchez-Murillo, N. Ahmed, L. Araguas, D. L. Balachew, M. I. Bird, S. Chakraborty,
N. K. Chinh, K. M. Cobb et al., Daily observations of stable isotope ratios of rainfall in the tropics. Sci Rep., 9,14419, Oct. 8, 2019 (10.1038/s41598-019-50973-9).
Muraki, Y., J. F. Valdes-galicia, L. X. Gonzalez, K. Kamiya, Y. Katayose, K. Koga, H. Matsumoto, S. Masuda, Y. Matsubara,
Y. Nagai et al., Possible detection of solar gamma-rays by grond-level detectors in solar flares on 2011 March 7.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research819. Publications and Presentations

Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn, in press (10.1093/pasj/psz141).
Nagakane, M., C.-H. Lee, N. Koshimoto, D. Suzuki, A. Udalski, J.-P. Beaulieu, T. Sumi, D. Bennett, I. A. Bond,
N. J. Rattenbury et al. (F. Abe, H. Fujii, Y. Itow, Y. Kamei, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, T. Yamakawa),
OGLE-2015-BLG-1649Lb: A gas giant planet around a low-mass dwarf. Astron. J., 158(5), 212, Nov. 2019(10.3847/1538-3881/ab4881).
Nakai, T., T. Hiyama, R. E. Petrov, A. Kotani, T. Ohta, and T. C. Maximov, Application of an open-path eddy covariancemethane flux measurement system to a larch forest in eastern Siberia. Agric. For. Meteorol., 282–283, 107860, Mar.
15, 2020 (10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107860).
Nakajima, T. , H. Inoue, Y. Fujii, C. Miyazawa, H. Iwashita, T. Sakai, T. Noguchi, and A. Mizuno, Series-connected array ofsuperconductor-insulator-superconductor junctions in the 100 GHz-band heterodyne mixer for FOREST on the
Nobeyama 45 m telescope. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn, 71(SI), S17, Dec. 2019 (10.1093/pasj/psy112).
Nakamura, T., T. Terada, C. Ueki, and M. Minami, Radiocarbon dating of textile components from historical silk costumes
and other cloth products in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Radiocarbon, 61(6), 1663–1674, Dec. 2019(10.1017/RDC.2019.105).
Nakamura, T. K. M., T. Umeda, R. Nakamura, H. S. Fu, and M. Oka, Disturbance of the front region of magnetic reconnection
outflow jets due to the lower-hybrid drift instability. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123(23), 235101, Dec. 2, 2019(10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.235101).
Nakamura, Y., A. Okumura, H. Tajima, N. Yamane, and A. Zenin, Characterization of SiPM optical crosstalk and its
dependence

on

the

protection-window

thickness.

JPS

Conf.

Proc.,

27,

011003,

Nov.

14,

2019

(10.7566/JPSCP.27.011003).
Nanjo, S., Y. Hozumi, K. Hosokawa, R. Kataoka, Y. Miyoshi, S. Oyama, M. Ozaki, K. Shiokawa, and S. Kurita, Fine-scalevisualization of aurora in a wide area using color digital camera images from the International Space Station. J.
Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 125(3), e2019JA027729, Mar. 2020 (10.1029/2019JA027729).
Narukage, N., S. Ishikawa, T. Sakao, and X. Wang, High-speed back-illuminated CMOS sensor for photon-counting-type
imaging-spectroscopy in the soft X-ray range. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect.
Assoc. Equip., 950, 162974, Jan. 11, 2020 (10.1016/j.nima.2019.162974).
Nishimura, N., K. Marubashi, and M. Tokumaru, Comparison of cylindrical interplanetary flux-rope model fitting withdifferent boundary pitch-angle treatments. Sol. Phys., 294(4), 49, Apr. 2019 (10.1007/s11207-019-1435-5).
Nishimura, N., K. Marubashi, and M. Tokumaru, Comparison of toroidal interplanetary flux-rope model fitting with different
boundary pitch-angle treatments. Sol. Phys., 295(3), 40, Mar. 2020 (10.1007/s11207-020-01607-1).
Noda, C. Q., H. Iijima, Y. Katsukawa, T. Shimizu, M. Carlsson, J. D. Rodriguez, B. R. Cobo, D. O. Suarez, T. Oba, T. Anan etal., Chromospheric polarimetry through multiline observations of the 850nm spectral region III: Chromospheric jets
drivenbytwistedmagnetic

fields.

Mon.

Not.

Roy.

Astron.

Soc.,

86(3),

4203–4215,

Jul.

2019

(10.1093/mnras/stz1124).
Nomaki, H., Y. Uejima, N. O. Ogawa, M. Yamane, H. K. Watanabe, R. Senokuchi, J. M. Bernhard, T. Kitahashi, Y. Miyairi,
Y. Yokoyama et al., Nutritional sources of meio- and macrofauna at hydrothermal vents and adjacent areas:
natural-abundance radiocarbon and stable isotope analyses. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 622, 49–65, Jul. 18, 2019(10.3354/meps13053).
Numazawa, M., Y. Ezoe, K. Ishikawa, T. Ohashi, Y. Miyoshi, T. Kimura, Y. Uchiyama, D. Shiota, and G. Branduardi-Raymont,
Suzaku observation of Jupiter’s X-rays around solar maximum. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn, 71(5), 93, Oct. 2019(10.1093/pasj/psz077).
Obana, Y., N. Maruyama, A. Shinbori, K. K. Hashimoto, M. Fedrizzi, M. Nosé, Y. Otsuka, N. Nishitani, T. Hori,
A. Kumamoto et al. (Y. Miyoshi), Response of the ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling to the September 2017storm: What erodes the plasmasphere so severely? Space Weather, 17(6), 861–876, Jun. 19, 201982

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations(10.1029/2019SW002168).
Ochiai, S., P. Baron, Y. Irimajiri, T. Nishibori, Y. Hasegawa, Y. Uzawa, H. Maezawa, T. Manabe, A. Mizuno, T. Nagahama etal., Conceptual Study of Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder-2 (Smiles-2) Receiver.
IGARSS 2019-2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings, 8792–8795, Nov.
24, 2019 (10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8898693).
Ogata, T., and H. Aiki, The pathway of intraseasonal wave energy in the tropical Indian Ocean as identified by a seamless
diagnostic scheme. SOLA, 15, 262–267, Dec. 2, 2019 (10.2151/sola.2019-047).
Ogawa, Y., Y. Tanaka, A. Kadokura, K. Hosokawa, Y. Ebihara, T. Motoba, B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, Y. Sato, S. Oyama
et al. (S. Nozawa, K. Shiokawa, Y. Miyoshi), Development of low-cost multi-wavelength imager system forstudies of aurora and airglow. Polar Sci., 23, I100501 Mar. 2020 (10.1016/j.polar.2019.100501).
Ohata, S., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, T. Mori, A. Yoshida, P. R. Sinha, and M. Koike, Accuracy of black carbon measurements by afilter-based absorption photometer with a heated inlet. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 53(9), 1079–1091, Jun. 25, 2019(10.1080/02786826.2019.1627283).
Ohishi, S., S. Katsura, and H. Aiki, Salinity frontogenesis/frontolysis in the northeastern subtropical Pacific region. Clim. Dyn.,
53(9–10), 5927–5943, Nov. 2019 (10.1007/s00382-019-04907-w).
Ohishi, S., H. Aiki, T. Tozuka, and M. F. Cronin, Frontolysis by surface heat flux in the eastern Japan Sea: importance of
mixed layer depth. J. Oceanogr., 75(3), 283–297, Jun. 2019 (10.1007/s10872-018-0502-0).
Ohmori, N., K. Yamaoka, M. Yamauchi, Y. Urata, M. Ohno, S. Sugita, K. Hurley, M. S. Tashiro, Y. Fukazawa, W. Iwakiri et al.,Spectral properties of gamma-ray bursts observed by the Suzaku wide-band all-sky monitor. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn,71(4), 76, Aug. 2019 (10.1093/pasj/psz054).
Ohno, M., Y. Fukazawa, T. Mizuno, H. Takahashi, Y. Tanaka, J. Katsuta, T. Kawano, S. Habata, C. Okada, N. Ohashi et al.
(H. Tajima, K. Yamaoka), Event-selection technique for the multi-layer Si−CdTe Compton camera onboard
Hitomi. N. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip., 924, 327–331, Apr. 21,
2019 (10.1016/j.nima.2018.09.114).
Ohta, A., and M. Minami, Retentive primary Sr isotopic ratio of source rock to sediment and sedimentary rock throughmultistage sedimentary cycles: Case study of stream sediments in Awajishima Island. Chikyukagaku (Geochemisty),
53(2), 59–70, Jun. 25, 2019 (10.14934/chikyukagaku.53.59).
Ohyama, H., T. Sugita, H. Akiyoshi, T. Nagahama, and A. Mizuno, Interannual variation of upper stratospheric ozone in thenorthern midlatitudes in early winter caused by planetary waves. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124(24), 14347–14361,
Dec. 27, 2019 (10.1029/2019JD030824).
Oimatsu, S., M. Nosé, G. Le, S. A. Fuselier, R. E. Ergun, P.-A. Lindqvist, and D. Sormakov, Selective acceleration of O+ bydrift-bounce resonance in the Earth’s magnetosphere: MMS observations. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 125(2),e2019JA027686, Feb. 2020 (10.1029/2019JA027686).
Okoh, D., G. Seemala, B. Rabiu, J. B. Habarulema, S. Jin, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, M, Aggarwal, J. Uwamahoro,
P. Mungufeni et al., A neural network-based ionospheric model over Africa from Constellation Observing System
for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate and Ground Global Positioning System observations. J. Geophys. Res.
Space Physics, 124(12), 10512–10532, Dec. 11, 2019 (10.1029/2019JA027065).
Okumura, A., A. Asano, K. Furuta, N. Hidaka, Y. Nakamura, H. Tajima, and A. Zenin, Development of a UV-transparent
lens array for enlarging the effective area of multichannel SiPMs. JPS Conf. Proc., 27, 011009, Nov. 14, 2019(10.7566/JPSCP.27.011009).
Okuno, M., T. Nakumura, M. Sakamoto, S. Yatsuzuka, T. Oikawa, N. Geshi, Y. Hoshino, and T. Takahashi, Eruption age ofthe Haruna Futatsudake Pumice (Hr-FP), central Japan, by radiocarbon wiggle matching with special reference to a
C-14 dataset developed from a Japanese tree. Quat. Int., 527, 9–33, Aug. 30, 2019 (10.1016/j.quaint.2018.12.023).
Orte, P. F., E. Wolfram, J. Salvador, A. Mizuno, N. Bègue, H. Bencherif, J. L. Bali, R. D’Elia, A. Pazmiño,

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research839. Publications and Presentations

S. Godin-Beekmann et al., Analysis of a southern sub-polar short-term ozone variation event using amillimetre-wave radiometer. Ann. Geophysicae, 37(4), 613–629, Jul. 24, 2019 (10.5194/angeo-37-613-2019).
Ortiz, E., J. F. Valdés-Galicia, A. Hurtado, R. García, M. Anzorena, O. Musalem, L. X. González, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki,
Y. Itow, T. Sako, Y. Sasai et al., Neutron and gamma-ray fluxes measured by SciCRT prototype at the top of Sierra
Negra volcano, Mexico. Rev. Mex. Fis., 65(5), 545–553, Sep. 2019 (10.31349/RevMexFis.65.545).
Othman, M., M. Talib Latif, and Y. Matsumi, The exposure of children to PM2.5 and dust in indoor and outdoor schoolclassrooms in Kuala Lumpur City Centre. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 170, 739–749, Apr. 15, 2019(10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.042).
Ouchi, M., Y. Matsumi, T. Nakayama, K. Shimizu, T. Sawada, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, Y. Sawa, I. Morino, O. Uchino et al.,Development of a balloon-borne instrument for CO2 vertical profile observations in the troposphere. Atmos. Meas.
Tech., 12(10), 5639–5653, Oct. 24, 2019 (10.5194/amt-12-5639-2019).
Ozaki, K., K. Ozaki, S. Kazama, M. Yamashita, Y. Itow, and S. Moriyama, Characterization of new photo-detectors for the
future dark matter experiments with liquid xenon. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1468, 012238, Feb. 1, 2020
(10.1088/1742-6596/1468/1/012238).
Paraschiv, A. R., A. Donea, and K. D. Leka, The trigger mechanism of recurrent solar active region jets revealed by themagnetic properties of a coronal geyser site. Astrophys. J., 891(2), 149, Mar. 10, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab7246).
Panasenko, S. V., Y. Otsuka, M. van de Kamp, L. F. Chernogor, A. Shinbori, T. Tsugawa, and M. Nishioka, Observation andcharacterization of traveling ionospheric disturbances induced by solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 using incoherent
scatter radars and GPS networks. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 191, 105051, Sep. 15, 2019 (10.1016/j.jastp.2019.05.015).
Park, S.-H., K. D. Leka, K. Kusano, J. Andries, G. Barnes, S. Bingham, D. S. Bloomfield, A. E. McCloskey, V. Delouille,
D. Falconer et al., A comparison of flare forecasting methods. IV. evaluating consecutive-day forecasting patterns.
Astrophys. J., 890(2), 124, Feb. 20, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab65f0).
Prothro, L. O., W. Majewski, Y. Yokoyama, L. M. Simkins, J. B. Anderson, M. Yamane, Y. Miyairi, and N. Ohkouchi, Timing
and pathways of East Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat. Quat. Sci. Rev., 230, 106166, Feb. 15, 2020
(10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106166).
Qin, X.-C., T. Nakayama, Y. Matsumi, M. Kawasaki, R. Imasu, I. Morino, Y. Tanaka, S. Ishidoya, K. Sato, and M. Ohashi,
Observation of column-averaged molar mixing ratios of carbon dioxide in Tokyo. Atmospheric Environment: X, 2,
100022, Apr. 2019 (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100022).
Ranc, C., D. P. Bennett, Y. Hirao, A. Udalski, C. Han, I. A. Bond, J. C. Yee, M. D. Albrow, S.-J. Chung, A. Gould et al. (F. Abe,Y. Itow, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki), OGLE-2015-BLG-1670Lb: A cold Neptune beyond the snow line in theprovisional WFIRST microlensing survey field. Astron. J., 157(6), 232, Jun. 2019 (10.3847/1538-3881/ab141b).
Ratnam, D. V., Y. Otsuka, G. Sivavaraprasad, and J. R. K. K. Dabbakuti, Development of multivariate ionospheric TEC
forecasting algorithm using linear time series model and ARMA over low-latitude GNSS station. Adv. Space Res.,
63(9), 2848–2856, May 1, 2019 (10.1016/j.asr.2018.03.024).
Sakurai, H., F. Tokanai, F. Miyake, K. Horiuchi, K. Masuda, H. Miyahara, M. Ohyama, M. Sakamoto, T. Mitsutani, andT. Moriya, Prolonged production of 14C during the ~660 BCE solar proton event from Japanese tree rings. Sci Rep.,10(1), 660, Jan. 20, 2020 (10.1038/s41598-019-57273-2).
Sarudin, I., N. S. A. Hamid, M. Abdullah, S. M. Buhari, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, and C. Y. Yatini, Equatorial plasma bubble
zonal drift velocity variations in response to season, local time, and solar activity across Southeast Asia. J. Geophys.
Res. Space Physics, 125(3), e2019JA027521, Mar. 2020 (10.1029/2019JA027521).
Sasai, T., H. Kawase, Y. Kanno, J. Yamaguchi, S. Sugimoto, T. Yamazaki, H. Sasaki, M. Fujita, and T. Iwasaki, Future
projection of extreme heavy snowfall events with a 5-km large ensemble regional climate simulation. J. Geophys.
Res. Atmos., 124(24), 13975–13990, Dec. 27, 2019 (10.1029/2019JD030781).
Sasikumar Raja, K., P. Janardhan, S. K. Bisoi, M. Ingale, P. Subramanian, K. Fujiki, and M. Maksimovic, Global solar

84

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

magnetic field and interplanetary scintillations during the past four solar cycles. Sol. Phys., 294(9), 123, Sep. 2019(10.1007/s11207-019-1514-7).
Sato, K., and M. Minami, Petrochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks in the basement beneath Haruna, Onoko andKomochi volcanoes in Gunma Prefecture, central Japan: a comparison with the large volcanic block of naturalmonument at Iwagami in Maebashi. Bull. Gunma Mus. Natu. Hist., 24, 43–52, Mar. 31, 2020.
Sato, K., M. Minami, K. Shibata, and I. Mush, Origin of the Maebashi volcanic mudflow : Implications from Sr isotope ratio oflarge andesite blocks and 14C age of buried wood fragments. Bull. Gunma Mus. Natu. Hist., 24, 31–42, Mar. 31, 2020.
Sato, K., M. Takakeuchi, W. Li, M. Minami, and K. Shibata, The Nanjai Formation in northwestern Kanto Mountains, central
Japan: A preliminary study on U-Pb zircon ages. Bull. Gunma Mus. Natu. Hist., 24, 53–70, Mar. 31, 2020.
Sánchez-Murillo, R., A. M. Durán-Quesada, G. Esquivel-Hernández, D. Rojas-Cantillano, C. Birkel, K. Welsh,
M. Sánchez-Llull, C. M. Alonso-Hernández, D. Tetzlaff, C. Soulsby, J. Boll, N. Kurita, and K. M. Cobb,
Deciphering key processes controlling rainfall isotopic variability during extreme tropical cyclones. Nat. Commun.,10, 4321, Sep. 20, 2019 (10.1038/s41467-019-12062-3).
Sangok, F. E., Y. Sugiura, N. Maie, L. Melling, T. Nakamura, K. Ikeya, and A. Watana, Variations in the rate of accumulationand chemical structure of soil organic matter in a coastal peatland in Sarawak, Malaysia. Catena, 184, 104244, Jan.
2020 (10.1016/j.catena.2019.104244).
Scifo, A., M. Kuitems, A. Neocleous, B. J. S. Pope, D. Miles, E. Jansma, P. Doeve, A. M. Smith, F. Miyake, and M. W. Dee,Radiocarbon production events and their potential Relationship with the Schwabe cycle. Sci Rep., 9(1), 17056, Nov.
9, 2019 (10.1038/s41598-019-53296-x).
Seki, K., K. Keika, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, T. Hori, K. Asamura, N. Higashio, M. Takada, Y. Ogawa, A. Matsuoka,
M. Teramoto, Y. Miyoshi, and I. Shinohara, Statistical properties of molecular ions in the ring current observed by
the Arase (ERG) satellite. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46(15), 8643–8651, Aug. 16, 2019 (10.1029/2019GL084163).
Panasenko, S. V., Y. Otsuka, M. van de Kamp, L. F. Chernogor, A. Shinbori, T. Tsugawa, and M. Nishioka, Observation andcharacterization of traveling ionospheric disturbances induced by solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 using incoherent
scatter radars and GPS networks. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 191, 105051, Sep. 15, 2019 (10.1016/j.jastp.2019.05.015).
Shimizu, T., S. Imada, T. Kawate, K. Ichimoto, Y. Suematsu, H. Hara, Y. Katsukawa, M. Kubo, S. Toriumi, T. Watanabe et al.,The Solar-C_EUVST mission. Proc. SPIE, 11118, 1111807, Sep. 9, 2019 (10.1117/12.2528240).
Shimojo, M., T. Kawate, T. J. Okamoto, T. Yokoyama, N. Narukage, T. Sakao, K. Iwai, G. D. Fleishman, and K. Shibata,
Estimating the temperature and density of a spicule from 100 GHz data obtained with ALMA. Astrophys. J. lett.,
888(2), L28, Jan. 16, 2020 (10.3847/2041-8213/ab62a5).
Shimpo, A., K. Takemura, S. Wakamatsu, H. Togawa, Y. Mochizuki, M. Takekawa, S. Tanaka, K. Yamashita, S. Maeda,
R. Kurora et al. (K. Tsuboki), Primary factors behind the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 and the subsequent heatwave in Japan. SOLA , 15A, 13–18, Jun. 15, 2019 (10.2151/sola.15A-003).
Shin, I.-G., J. C. Yee, A. Gould, M. T. Penny, I. A. Bond, M. D. Albrow, S.-J. Chung, C. Han, K.-H. Hwang, Y. K. Jung et al.
(F. Abe, H. Fujii, Y. Itow, Y. Kamei, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki, T. Yamakawa), The 2L1S/1L2S degeneracy for
two microlensing planet candidates discovered by the KMTNet survey in 2017. Astron. J., 158(5), 199, Oct. 24,
2019 (10.3847/1538-3881/ab46a5).
Shiokawa, K., Y. Otsuka, and M. Connors, Statistical study of auroral/resonant-scattering 427.8-nm emission observed at
subauroral latitudes over 14 years. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(11), 9293–9301, Nov. 2019(10.1029/2019JA026704).
Simpson, C., K. Abe, C. Bronner, Y. Hayato, M. Ikeda, H. Ito, K. Iyogi, J. Kameda, Y. Kataoka, Y. Kato et al. (Y. Itow,
M. Murase, T. Niwa, M. Taani, M. Tsukada), Sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium to low energy
antineutrinos from pre-supernova emission. Astrophys. J., 885(2), 133, Nov. 10, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab4883).
Sivavaraprasad, G, D. Venkata Ratnam, and Y. Otsuka, Multicomponent analysis of ionospheric scintillation effects using theInstitute for Space–Earth Environmental Research85

9. Publications and Presentations

synchrosqueezing technique for monitoring and mitigating their impact on GNSS signals. J. Navig., 72(3), 669–684,
May 2019 (10.1017/S0373463318000929).
Song, Q., and H. Aiki, The climatological horizontal pattern ofenergy flux in the tropical Atlantic asidentified by a unified
diagnosis for Rossby and Kelvin waves. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 125(2), e2019JC015407, Feb. 3, 2020
(10.1029/2019JC015407).
Song, Q., R. Mayerle, Y. Yu, and C. Li, An application study on adjoint-based variational wave assimilation scheme in German
Bight with low spatial observation coverage. J. Oceanogr., 76(1), 29–41, Feb. 2020 (10.1007/s10872-019-00526-5).
Sori, T., A. Shinbori, Y. Otsuka, T. Tsugawa, and M. Nishioka, Characteristics of GNSS total electron content enhancements
over the midlatitudes during a geomagnetic storm on 7 and 8 November 2004. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics,
124(12), 10376–10394, Dec. 4, 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026713).
Suematsu, Y., T. Shimizu, H. Hara, Y. Katsukawa, T. Kawate, K. Ichimoto, and S. Imada, Development of Solar-C_EUVST
structural design. Proc. SPIE, 11118, 111181O, Sep. 9, 2019 (10.1117/12.2529010).
Sumi, Y., and H. Masunaga, Vertical modes and effective stability of quasi-2-day waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 76(7), 2005–2022, Jul.
2019 (10.1175/JAS-D-19-0092.1).
Suzuki, K., R. Kamamoto, K. Nakagawa, M. Nonaka, T. Shinoda, T. Ohigashi, Y. Minami, M. Kubo, and Y. Kaneko, Groundvalidation of GPM DPR precipitation type classification algorithm by precipitation particle measurements in winter.
SOLA, 15, 94–98, May 14, 2019 (10.2151/sola.2019-018).
Suzuki, T., K. Abe, K. Hiraide, K. Ichimura, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata,
H. Ogawa et al. (Y. Itow, K. Kanzawa, K. Masuda), Search for WIMP-129 Xe inelastic scattering with particle
identification in XMASS-I, Astropart. Phys., 110, 1–7, Jul. 2019 (10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.02.007).
Taguchi, T., Y. Igami, A. Miyake, and M. Enami, Factors affecting preservation of coesite in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic
rocks: Insights from TEM observations of dislocations within kyanite. J. Metamorph. Geol., 37(3), 401–414, Apr.
2019 (10.1111/jmg.12470).
Takahashi, H. A., M. Minami, T. Aramaki, H. Handa, and M. Matsushita, Radiocarbon changes of unpoisoned water samples
during long-term storage. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms., 455, 195–200,
Sep. 15, 2019 (10.1016/j.nimb.2018.11.029).
Takahashi, H. A., M. Minami, T. Aramaki, H. Handa. Y. Saito-Kokubu, S. Itoh, and Y. Kumamoto, A suitable procedure forpreparing of water samples used in radiocarbon intercomparison. Radiocarbon, 61(6), 1879–1887, Dec. 2019(10.1017/RDC.2019.104).
Takahashi, N., Analysis of a precipitation system that exists above freezing level using a multi-parameter phased array weather
radar. Atmosphere, 10(12), 755, Dec. 2019 (10.3390/atmos10120755).
Takano, S., T. Nakajima, and K. Kohno, A molecular line survey toward the nearby galaxies NGC 1068, NGC 253, and IC 342
at 3 mm with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope: The data. Publ. Astron.Soc. Jpn, 71(SI), S20, Dec. 2019(10.1093/pasj/psz020 2019/3/30).
Takeshita, Y., K. Shiokawa, M. Ozaki, J. Manninen, S.-I. Oyama, M. Connors, D. Baishev, V. Kurkin, and A. Oinats,Longitudinal extent of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves using multipoint PWING ground stations at subauroral
latitudes. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(12), 9881–9892, Dec. 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026810).
Tan, B., N. Chen, Y.-H. Yang, C. Tan, S. Masuda, X. Chen, and H. Misawa, Solar fast-drifting radio bursts in an X1.3 flare on
2014 April 25. Astrophys. J., 885(1), 90, Nov. 1, 2019 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab4718).
Tanaka, M., K. Abe, C. Bronner, Y. Hayato, M. Ikeda, S. Imaizumi, H. Ito, J. Kameda, Y. Kataoka, Y. Kato et al. (Y. Itow,
T. Niwa, M. Taani, M. Tsukada), Search for proton decay into three charged leptons in 0.37 megaton-years
exposure of the Super-Kamiokande. Phys. Rev. D, 101(5), 052011, Mar. 25, 2020 (10.1103/PhysRevD.101.052011).
Tanaka, T., Y. Ebihara, M. Watanabe, M. Den, S. Fujita, T. Kikuchi, K. K. Hashimoto, and R. Kataoka, Development ofmagnetic topology during the growth phase of the substorm inducing the onset of the near-Earth neutral line. J.

86

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(7), 5158–5183, Jul. 2019 (10.1029/2018JA026386).
Tanaka, Y.-M. , T. Nishiyama, A. Kadokura, M. Ozaki, Y. Miyoshi, K. Shiokawa, S.-I. Oyama, R. Kataoka, M. Tsutsumi,
K. Nishimura et al. (M. Nosé), Direct comparison between magnetospheric plasma waves and polar mesosphere
winter echoes in both hemispheres. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(11), 9626–9639, Nov. 2019(10.1029/2019JA026891).
Tauvale, L., and K. Tsuboki, Characteristics of tropical cyclones in the southwest pacific. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 97(3), 711–
731, Jun. 5, 2019 (10.2151/jmsj.2019-042).
Teramoto, M., T. Hori, S. Saito, Y. Miyoshi, S. Kurita, N. Higashio, A. Matsuoka, Y. Kasahara, Y. Kasaba, T. Takashima etal. (M. Nosé, M. Shoji, Y. Tsugawa), Remote detection of drift resonance between energetic electrons and ultralow
frequency waves: Multisatellite coordinated observation by Arase and Van Allen Probes. Geophys. Res. Lett.,
46(21), 11642–11651, Nov. 16, 2019 (10.1029/2019GL084379).
Tobo, Y., K. Adachi, P. J. DeMott, T. C. L. Hill, D. S. Hamilton, N. M. Mahowald, N. Nagatsuka, S. Ohata, J. Uetake,
Y. Kondo, and M. Koike, Glacially sourced dust as a potentially significant source of ice nucleating particles. Nat.
Geosci., 12(4), 253–258, Apr. 2019 (10.1038/s41561-019-0314-x).
Tokumaru, M., K. Fujiki, K. Iwai, S. Tyul’bashev, and I. Chashei, Coordinated interplanetary scintillation observations inJapan and Russia for coronal mass ejection events in early September 2017. Sol. Phys., 294(7), 87, Jul. 2019(10.1007/s11207-019-1487-6).
Tomita, H., T. Hihara, S. Kako, M. Kubota, and K. Kutsuwada, An introduction to J-OFURO3, a third-generation Japanese
ocean flux data set using remote-sensing observations. J. Oceanogr., 75(2), 171–194, Apr. 1, 2019(10.1007/s10872-018-0493-x).
Toriumi, S., S. Takasao, M. C. M. Cheung, C. Jiang, Y. Guo, K. Hayashi, and S. Inoue, Comparative study of data-driven solar
coronal field models using a flux emergence simulation as a ground-truth data set. Astrophys. J., 890(2), 130, Feb.
20, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab6b1f).
Tsapras, Y., A. Cassan, C. Ranc, E. Bachelet, R. Street, A. Udalski, M. Hundertmark, V. Bozza, J. P. Beaulieu, J. B. Marquette et al.
(F. Abe, Y. Asakura, Y. Itow, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki), An analysis of binary microlensing event
OGLE-2015-BLG-0060. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 487(4), 4603–4614, Aug. 2019 (10.1093/mnras/stz1404).
Tsuchiya, S., K. Shiokawa, H. Fujinami, Y. Otsuka, T. Nakamura, M. Connors, I. Schofield, B. Shevtsov, and I. Poddelsky,
Three-dimensional Fourier analysis of the phase velocity distributions of mesospheric and ionospheric waves basedon airglow images collected over 10 years: Comparison of Magadan, Russia, and Athabasca, Canada. J. Geophys.
Res. Space Physics, 124(10), 8110–8124, Oct. 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026783).
Tsuchiya, S., K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Nakamura, M. Yamamoto, M. Connors, I. Schofield, B. Shevtsov, and I. Poddelsky,
Wavenumber spectra of atmospheric gravity waves and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances based on
more than 10-year airglow images in Japan, Russia, and Canada. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 125(3),e2019JA026807, Mar. 2020 (10.1029/2019JA026807).
Tsujine, N. , T. Haruki, T. Umeda, Y. Nsriyuki, and M. Sato, Stability of contact discontinuities in electrostatic hybrid- andfull-Vlasov simulations. Plasma and Fusion Research, 15, 1401002, Feb. 17, 2020 (10.1585/pfr.15.1401002).
Tsukamoto, H., N. Goto, A. Yoshihara, Y. Takagi, N. Nrai, M. Hayashi, and J. Ishizka, An assessment of chlorophyll-aconcentration using satellite remote sensing in Lake Biwa. J. Remote Sensing Soc., 39(2), 103–111, Apr. 20, 2019(10.11440/rssj.39.103).
Tsuneki, A., K. Rasheed, N. Watanabe, R. Anma, Y. Tatsumi, and M. Minami, Landscape and early farming at Neolithic sites
in Slemani, Iraqi Kurdistan: A case study of Jarmo and Qalat Said Ahmadan. Paléorient, 145(2), 33–51, Jan. 6, 2020.
Tulasi Ram, S., B. Nilam, N. Balan, Q. Zhang, K. Shiokawa, D. Chakrabarty, Z. Xing, K. Venkatesh, B. Veenadhari, andA. Yoshikawa, Three different episodes of prompt equatorial electric field perturbations under steady southward
IMF Bz during St. Patrick’s Day storm. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(12), 10428–10443, Dec. 2019

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research879. Publications and Presentations(10.1029/2019JA027069).
Umeda, T., Multi-step Boris rotation schemes for Lorentz force equation of charged particles. Comput. Phys. Commun., 237,
37–41, Apr. 2019 (10.1016/j.cpc.2018.11.001).
Umeda, T., Evaluating higher moments in the transverse Kelvin-Helmholtz instability by full kinetic simulation. Phys.
Plasmas, 27(3), 03211, Mar. 2020 (10.1063/1.5139442).
Umeda, T., N. Tsujine, and Y. Nariyuki, Vlasov code simulation of contact discontinuities. Phys. Plasmas, 26(10), 102107, Oct.
2019 (10.1063/1.5100314).
Urata. Y., K. Toma, K. Huang, K. Asada, H. Nagai, S. Takahashi, G. Petitpas, M. Tashiro, and K. Yamaoka, First detection ofradio linear polarization in a gamma-ray burst afterglow. Astrophys. J. lett., 884(2), L58, Oct. 20, 2019(10.3847/2041-8213/ab48f3).
Veenadhari, B., T, Kikuchi, S. Kumar, S. Tulasiram, D. Chakrabarty, Y. Ebihara, and G. D. Reeves, Signatures of substorm
related overshielding electric field at equatorial latitudes under steady southward IMF Bz during main phase ofmagnetic storm. Adv. Space Res., 64(10), 1975–1988, Nov. 15, 2019 (10.1016/j.asr.2019.04.001).
Wada, R., Y. Sadanaga, S. Kato, N. Katsumi, H. Okochi, Y. Iwamoto, K. Miura, H. Kobayashi, M. Kamogawa, J. Matsumoto etal. (Y. Matsumi), Ground-based observation of lightning-induced nitrogen oxides at a mountaintop in freetroposphere. J. Atmos. Chem., 76(2), 133–150, Jun. 2019 (10.1007/s10874-019-09391-4).
Wada, R., M. Ueyama, A. Tani, T. Mochizuki, Y. Miyazaki, K. Kawamura, Y. Takahashi, N. Saigusa, S. Takanashi, T. Miyama et al.
(Y. Matsumi), Observation of vertical profiles of NO, O3, and VOCs to estimate their sources and sinks by inverse
modeling in a Japanese larch forest. J. Agric. Meteorol., 76(1), 1–10, Jan. 2020 (10.2480/agrmet.D-18-00029).
Wang, C.-C., L.-S. Tseng, C.-C. Huang, S.-H. Lo, C.-T. Chen, P.-Y. Chuang, N.-C. Su, and K. Tsuboki, How much of Typhoon
Morakot’s extreme rainfall is attributable to anthropogenic climate change? Int. J. Climatol., 39(8), 3454–3464, Jun.
30, 2019 (10.1002/joc.6030).
Watanabe, K., and S. Imada, White-light emission and chromospheric response by an X1.8-class flare on 2012 October 23.
Astrophys. J., 891(1), 88, Mar. 6, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab711b).
Woods, M. M., S. Inoue, L. K. Harra, S. A. Matthews, and K. Kusano, erial flaring in an active Region: Exploring why only
one flare is eruptive. Astrophys. J., 890(1), 84, Feb. 14, 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab6bc8).
Xiao, J., S. Zhang, J. Fan, R. Wen, Q. Xu, Y. Inouchi, and T. Nakamura, The 4.2 ka event and its resulting cultural interruption
in the Daihai Lake basin at the East Asian summer monsoon margin. Quat. Int., 527, 87–93, Aug. 30, 2019(10.1016/j.quaint.2018.06.025).
Xu, H., K. Shiokawa, S. Oyama, and Y. Otsuka, Thermospheric wind variations observed by a Fabry-Perot interferometer at
Tromsø, Norway, at substorm onsets. Earth Planets Space, 71(1), 93, Aug. 30, 2019 (10.1186/s40623-019-1072-0).
Xu, H., K. Shiokawa, S. Oyama, and S. Nozawa, High-latitude thermospheric wind study using a Fabry-Perot interferometerat Tromsø in Norway: averages and variations during quiet times. Earth Planets Space, 71(1), 110 Oct. 25, 2019(10.1186/s40623-019-1093-8).
Yadav, S., C. Vineeth, K. K. Kumar, R. K. Choudhary, T. K. Pant, and S. Sunda, The role of the phase of QBO in modulating
the influence of the SSW effect on the equatorial ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(7), 6047–6063,
Jul. 13, 2019 (10.1029/2019JA026518).
Yamamoto, K., M. Nosé, K. Keika, D. P. Hartley, C. W. Smith, R. J. MacDowall, L. J. Lanzerotti, D. G. Mitchell, H. E. Spence,
G. D. Reeves et al., Eastward propagating second harmonic poloidal waves triggered by temporary outward gradientof proton phase space density: Van Allen Probe A observation. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 124(12), 9904–9923,
Dec. 4, 2019 (10.1029/2019JA027158).
Yamazaki, R., A. Shinoda, T. Umeda, and S. Matsukiyo, Mach number and plasma beta dependence of the ion temperature
perpendicular to the external magnetic field in the transition region of perpendicular collisionless shocks. AIP Adv.,
9(12), 125010, Dec. 6, 2019 (10.1063/1.5129067).

88

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

Yang, H., E. K. Lim, H. Iijima, V. Yurchyshyn, K. S. Cho, J. Lee, B. Schmieder, Y. H. Kim, S. Kim, and S. C. Bong, Vortex
formations and its sssociated surges in a sunspot light bridge. Astrophys. J., 882(2), 175, Sep. 16, 2019(10.3847/1538-4357/ab36b7).
Yin, H., Y. Sun, C. Liu, X. Lu, D. Smale, T. Blumenstock, T. Nagahama, W. Wang, Y. Tian, Q. Hu, C. Shan, H. Zhang, and
J. Liu, Ground-based FTIR observation of hydrogen chloride (HCl) over Hefei, China, and comparisons with
GEOS-Chem model data and other ground-based FTIR stations data. Opt. Express, 28(6), 8041–8055, Mar. 16,
2020 (10.1364/OE.384377).
Yoo, S., C. E. Kong, Y. B. Son, and J. Ishizaka, A critical re-assessment of the primary productivity of the Yellow Sea, East
China Sea and Sea of Japan/East Sea Large Marine Ecosystems. Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 163,
6–15, May 2019 (10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.05.021).
Zang, W., Y. Shvartzvald, T. Wang, A. Udalski, C.-U. Lee, T. Sumi, J. Skottfelt, S.-S. Li, S. Mao, W. Zhu et al. (F. Abe, Y. Itow,
Y. Matsubara, Y. Muraki), Spitzer microlensing parallax reveals, two isolated stars in the galactic bulge.
Astrophys. J., 891(1), 3, Mar. 2020 (10.3847/1538-4357/ab6ff8).
Zhang, J. J., W. Wang, C. Wang, A. L. Lan, J. Y. Yan, D. Xiang, Q. H. Zhang, J. M. Ruohoniemi, B. S. R. Kunduri,
N. Nishitani et al., First observation of ionospheric convection from the Jiamusi HF radar during a strong
geomagnetic storm. Earth Space Sci., 7(1), e2019EA000911, Jan. 2020 (10.1029/2019EA000911).
Zhou, S., K. Shiokawa, I. Poddelsky, Y. Chen, and J. Zhang, Probing afternoon detached aurora and high-latitude trough basedon DMSP observations. Adv. Space Res., 65(1), 214–220, Jan. 1, 2020 (10.1016/j.asr.2019.10.003).
Zhu, Y., D. J. Suggett, C. Liu, J. He, L. Lin, F. Le, J. Ishizaka, J. Goes, and Q. Hao, Primary productivity dynamics in thesummer Arctic Ocean confirms broad regulation of the electron requirement for carbon fixation by light-phytoplankton
community interaction. Front. Mar. Sci., 6(May), 275, May 29, 2019 (10.3389/fmars.2019.275).

Zou, Y., B. M. Walsh, Y. Nishimura, V. Angelopoulos, J. Michael Ruohoniemi, K. A. McWilliams, and N. Nishitani,
Local time extent of magnetopause reconnection using space-ground coordination. Ann. Geophysicae, 37(2),215–234, Apr. 10, 2019 (10.5194/angeo-37-215-2019).

Books (April 2019–March 2020)
Cliver, E., Y. Ebihara, H. Hayakawa, T. Jull, F. Mekhaldi, F. Miyake, and R. Muscheler, Chapter 6: Characterization of the
Measured Events, 6.1–6.37, Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun, edited by F. Miyake, I. Usoskin, and
S. Poluianov, 300pp, IOP Publishing Ltd, U.K., Feb. 28, 2020 (10.1088/2514-3433/ab404ach6).
Hiyama, T., S. Hatta, and H. Park, Chapter 9: River Discharge, 207–229, Water-Carbon Dynamics in Eastern Siberia, edited
by T. Ohta, T. Hiyama, Y. Iijima, A. Kotani, and T. C. Maximov, 309pp, Springer, Singapore, Jul. 12, 2019(10.1007/978-981-13-6317-7_9).
Kusano, K., E. Cliver, H. Hayakawa, G. A. Kovaltsov, and I. G. Usoskin, Chapter 2: What Can Be Learned from Modern
Data? 2.1–2.38, Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun, edited by F. Miyake, I. Usoskin, and S. Poluianov,
300pp, IOP Publishing Ltd, U.K., Feb. 28, 2020 (10.1088/2514-3433/ab404ach2).
Miyake, F., I. Usoskin, and S. Poluianov, Editors, Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun, 300pp, IOP Publishing Ltd,
U.K., Feb. 28, 2020 (ISBN-10: 0750322306).
Miyake, F., Y. Ebihara, H. Hayakawa, H. Maehara, Y. Mitsuma, I. Usoskin, F. Wang, and D. M Willis, Chapter7: Further
Search for Extreme Events, 7.1–7.41, Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun, edited by F. Miyake, I. Usoskin,
and S. Poluianov, 300pp, IOP Publishing Ltd, U.K., Feb. 28, 2020 (10.1088/2514-3433/ab404ach7).
Ohta, T., and T. Hiyama, Chapter 13: Water and Carbon Dynamics in Eastern Siberia: Concluding Remarks, 299–301,
Water-Carbon Dynamics in Eastern Siberia, edited by T. Ohta, T. Hiyama, Y, Iijima, A. Kotani, and T. C. Maximov,
309pp, Springer, Singapore, Jul. 12, 2019 (10.1007/978-981-13-6317-7_13).
Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research899. Publications and Presentations

Ohta, T., T. Hiyama, Y, Iijima, A. Kotani, and T. C. Maximov, Editors, Water-Carbon Dynamics in Eastern Siberia, 309pp,
Springer, Singapore, Jul. 12, 2019 (10.1007/978-981-13-6317-7).
Sibeck, D. G., and Soft X-Ray Imaging International Team (Y. Miyoshi), Imaging Plasma Density Structures in the SoftX-Rays Generated by Solar Wind Charge Exchange with Neutrals, 124pp, Springer, Netherlands, May 10, 2019
(ISBN 9402416919, 9789402416916)
Usoskin, I., and F. Miyake, Chapter1: Introduction, 1.1–1.3, Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun, edited by
F. Miyake, I. Usoskin, and S. Poluianov, 300pp, IOP Publishing Ltd, U.K., Feb. 28, 2020 (10.1088/2514-3433/ab404ach1).

Wacker, L., M. Baroni, F. Mekhaldi, F. Miyake, and M. Oinonen, Chapter 5: Measurements of Radionuclides, 5.1–5.14,
Extreme Solar Particle Storms: The hostile Sun, edited by F. Miyake, I. Usoskin, and S. Poluianov, 300pp,
IOP Publishing Ltd, U.K., Feb. 28, 2020 (10.1088/2514-3433/ab404ach5).
One more book was published in Japanese.

Publication of Proceedings (April 2019–March 2020)
Title

Date of Publication

Proceedings, 20th International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI
2018): Nagoya, Japan, May 21-25, 2018. Edited by B. Pattison(ed.), Y. Itow(ed.), T. Sako(ed.), H. Menjo(ed.)
Published in: EPJ Web Conf. 208 (2019), Contribution to: ISVHECRI 2018

May 13, 2019

Book of Abstracts: iLEAPS/IGAC-Japan Joint Workshop 2019

Sep. 6, 2019

Book of Abstracts: JpSAC Annual Meeting 2019Nov. 5, 2019

The 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Symposium (EA-AMS 8) Agenda & Abstract

Dec. 3, 2019

Extreme Solar Particle Storms, Miyake, F., I. G. Usoskin, S. Poluianov, Eds. IOP Publishing,doi:10.1088/2514-3433/ab404a

Dec. 12, 2019

Proceedings of the 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Symposium and the 22nd Japan Accelerator
Mass Spectrometry SymposiumMar. 31, 2020

90

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

Conference Presentations (April 2019–March 2020)
 International Conferences＊Session Conveners

Country/
Region

Title

Date

Orga-

Number of Presentations

nizersStaffsand PDsStudents

Total

InvitedEuropean Geosciences Union General Assembly

Vienna, Austria

Apr. 7–12, 2019

0

2

0

2

2

Tropical Cyclone Conference, NOAA

Honolulu, HI, USA

Apr.10–12, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

The 40th Anniversary Symposium of the US-Japan
Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Honolulu, HI, USA
Energy Physics

Apr. 15–16, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

SOLAS Open Science Conference

Sapporo, Japan

Apr. 21–25, 2019

0

1

1

2

0

GODAE Ocean View Symposium 2019 – Ocean
Halifax, Canada
Predict ‘19

May 6–10, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

World Data System Asia-Oceania Conference 2019

May 7–8, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

Workshop on International Space Weather Initiative
Trieste, Italy(ISWI)

May 20–24, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

2019 Joint NDACC-IRWG and TCCON Meeting

Wanaka, New Zealand

May 20–24, 2019

0

2

0

2

0

Radiocarbon
Symposium

Athens, GA, USA

May 20–24, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

EISCAT_3D user meeting

Uppsala, Sweden

May 21–22, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

Taiwan Geosciences Assembly

Taipei, Taiwan

May 21–25, 2019

0

2

0

2

2

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2019

Chiba, JapanMay 26–30, 2019

0

34

14

48

6

SuperDARN workshop 2019

Fuji, Japan

Jun. 2–7, 2019

1

9

3

12

3

Magnetosphere of Outer Planets

Sendai, Japan

Jun. 3–7, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

VarSITI Closing Symposium

Sofia, Bulgaria

Jun. 10–14, 2019

1

4

0

4

3

Ulanbaatar, Mongolia

Jun. 13–14, 2019

0

0

1

1

0

Jeju, Korea

Jun. 19, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

22nd Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid
Portland, ME, USA
Dynamics

Jun. 24–28, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

14th International Conference on Numerical Modeling
Paris, Franceof Space Plasma Flows (ASTRONUM 2019)

Jul. 1–5, 2019

0

2

0

2

1

Pulsating Aurora Workshop

Nagoya, Japan

Jul. 2–3, 2019

1

2

2

4

0

JSPS- Bilateral Project: Japan-Russia Meeting

Nagoya, Japan

Jul. 4, 2019

1

4

0

4

0

27th IUGG General AssemblyMontreal, Canada

Jul. 8–18, 2019

0

12

2

14

0

Workshop of Solar Radio Astronomy

Beijing, China

Jul. 22–24, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

Madison, WI, USA

Jul. 24–Aug. 1, 2019

0

3

3

6

1

20th Congress of the International Union for
Dublin, Ireland
Quaternary Research (INQUA)

Jul. 25–31, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) 16th
Singapore
Annual Meeting

Jul. 28–Aug. 2, 2019

2*

7

1

8

5

Ion Composition in the Sun-Earth System (ICSES)
Durango, CO, USA
meetingJul. 28–Aug. 3, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

9th East-Asia School and Workshop on Laboratory,
Nagoya, Japan
Space, and Astrophysical Plasmas

Jul. 29–Aug. 2, 2019

4

2

3

5

0

and

Archaeology

2nd International Conference
Science and Technology 2019

9th

on

International

Environmental

The TCOI 2019 Workshop

36thInternational（ICRC2019)

CosmicRay

Conference

Beijing, China

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research91

9. Publications and Presentations

Country/
Region

Title

Date

Orga-

Number of Presentations

nizersStaffsand PDsStudents

Total

Invited48th International Conference on Parallel Processing
Kyoto, Japan(ICPP2019)

Aug. 5–8, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

Goldschmid 2019

Aug. 18–23, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

19th International EISCAT Symposium 2019 and 46th
Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Oulu, Finland
Optical Methods

Aug. 19–23, 2019

0

2

1

3

1

11th Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy
Miyazaki, Japan
Spin Physics

Aug. 27–30, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

AsiaPEX Kickoff Conference 2019

Sapporo, Japan

Aug. 28–30, 2019

0

2

0

2

0

Hinode-13/IPELS 2019 meeting

Tokyo, Japan

Sep. 2–6, 2019

0

6

2

8

3

URSI-Japan Radio Science Meeting (URSI-JRSM)
2019

Chofu, Japan

Sep. 5–6, 2019

0

7

0

7

2

CLICCS Workshop on Waves

Bad Segeberg, Germany

Sep. 9–10, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

16th International Conference on Topics inToyama, Japan
Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP2019)

Sep. 9–13, 2019

0

2

1

3

0

The 2nd EPB Workshop on Scientific Challenges in
Beijing, China
Ionospheric Plasma Bubble

Sep. 14–15, 2019

1

1

0

1

1

39th International Conference on Radar Meteorology

Nara, Japan

Sep. 16–20, 2019

1

4

1

5

0

The International Symposium on Space Science 2019

Bandung, Indonesia

Sep. 25, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

14th International Conference on Substorms

Tromsø, Norway

Sep. 29–Oct. 4, 2019

1

0

0

0

0

SiPM Workshop

Bari, Italy

Oct. 2–4, 2019

1

0

1

1

0

The Xth International Symposium on “C/H2O/Energybalance and climate over the boreal and Arctic regionswith special emphasis on Eastern Eurasia” & 1st Joint Sapporo, Japan
Research Laboratory meeting on Sustainable
Development of the North

Oct. 4–6, 2019

1

1

0

1

0

Chemical Aeronomy in the Mesosphere and Ozone in
Helsinki, Finland
the Stratosphere (CHAMOS) Workshop

Oct. 8–11, 2019

0

2

0

2

0

National Institute of Meteorological Sciences

Jeju, Korea

Oct. 10–11, 2019

0

2

0

2

2

Taipei, Taiwan

Oct. 15, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

2019 NDACC Steering Committee Meeting

Tsukuba, Japan

Oct. 15–17, 2019

1

0

0

0

0

NDACC Science Workshop in Tsukuba

Tsukuba, Japan

Oct. 17–19, 2019

1

2

0

2

1

PICES-2019 Annual Meeting: Connecting Science andVictoria, Canada
Communities in a Changing North PacificOct. 16–27, 2019

1*

0

0

0

0

2019 TCCIP International Workshop on Climate
Taipei, Taiwan
Change (IWCC2019)

Oct. 22–24, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

The 4th COSPAR Symposium

Herzliya, Israel

Nov. 4–8, 2019

0

1

0

1

0

3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics

Hefei, China

Nov. 4–8, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

Approaches for Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Environmental
Studies in Asia-Oceania

Nagoya, Japan

Nov. 8–9, 2019

1

3

2

5

0

Dark matter searches in the 2020s -At the crossroads of
Kashiwa, Japanthe WIMP

Nov. 11–13, 2019

0

0

1

1

0

VarSITI Summarizing Workshop

Nov. 11–15, 2019

1

0

0

0

0

Nov. 15, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

SEVERE
workshop

WEATHER

Barcelona, Spain

andTAHOPE

Planning

Nagoya, Japan

Forum of U.S.-Japan Alliance in a New Space Age:
Cambridge, MA, USA
Back to the Moon

92

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

Country/
Region

Title

Date

Orga-

Number of Presentations

nizersStaffsand PDsStudents

Total

InvitedWorkshop on Radio Science and Wave Measurement
Kanazawa, Japan
Technology in Space Plasma

Nov. 19, 2019

0

3

0

3

0

8th International EarthCARE Science Workshop

Fukuoka, Japan

Nov. 25–27, 2019

1

1

0

1

0

High Frequency Radar Data Application Seminar

Beijing, China

Nov. 27, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

Korea-Japan Space Weather Workshop 2019

Daejeon, Korea

Nov. 28–29, 2019

0

8

0

8

0

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science

Tchikawa, Japan

Dec. 3–5, 2019

0

6

2

8

0

The 8th East Asia Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Nagoya, Japan
Symposium (EA-AMS 8)

Dec. 3–6, 2019

4

5

1

6

0

Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) 2019 Workshop

Arecibo, Puerto Rico

Dec. 4–7, 2019

1

0

0

0

0

Astrophysical and Solar MHD Workshop at RIMS

Kyoto, Japan

Dec. 9, 2019

0

1

0

1

1

AGU fall meeting 2019

San Francisco, CA, USA

Dec. 9–13, 2019

1*

18

6

24

1

The 7th Asian/16th Korea-Japan Workshop on Ocean
Chonburi, Thailand
Color (7th AWOC/16th KJWOC)

Dec. 11–14, 2019

1

2

3

5

0

Observatory Days 2020

Sodankylä, FinlandJan. 8–10, 2020

0

1

0

1

0

2020 ERG Science and Space Weather Workshop

Taoyuan, Taiwan

Jan. 13–15, 2020

1

6

0

6

0

International Conference on High Performance
Fukuoka, Japan
Computing in Asia-Pacific Region (HPCAsia2020)

Jan. 15–17, 2020

0

1

0

1

0

GNSS Positioning and Total Electron Content Analysis
Chumphon, Thailand
WorkshopJan. 17–18, 2020

0

2

0

2

2

The Joint PI Meeting of JAXA Earth Observation
Tokyo, Japan
Missions FY2019

Jan. 20–24, 2020

0

4

0

4

0

2020 GEWEX Data and Analysis Panel (GDAP)
Tucson, AZ, USA
MeetingJan. 22–24, 2020

0

1

0

1

1

The 4th PSTEP International Symposium (PSTEP-4)
and the 2nd ISEE Symposium “Toward theSolar-Terrestrial Environmental Prediction as Scienceand Social Infrastructure”

Jan. 28–30, 2019

7

18

7

25

0

United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, Scienceand Technical Subcommittee (STSC), Space Weather Vienna, Austria
AgendaFeb. 3–4, 2020

0

1

0

1

0

Ocean Sciences Meeting 2020

San Diego, CA, USA

Feb. 16–21, 2020

0

2

1

3

0

Japanese-Czech Symposium on Space Physics

Prague, Czech

Mar. 3–4, 2020

0

1

0

1

0

The 43rd annual Apatity seminar “Physics of Auroral
Apatity, Russia
Phenomena”

Mar. 10–12, 2020

0

1

0

1

0

ISAR-6 online meeting

Mar. 27–Apr. 10, 2020

1

2

0

2

0

33
4*

228

59

287

50

Nagoya, Japan(online)Total

 Domestic Coferences
Number of Conferences

84＊Session Conveners

Number of Presentations

Organizers
40
24*

Staffs and PDs

Students

Total

Invited

222

78

300

14

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research939. Publications and Presentations



Lectures for Researchers
Date

Title

Number of
Paticipants

Apr. 16, 2019, Jun. 18, 2019, Jun. 27, 2019,
Jul. 22, 2019, Spt. 20, 2019, Nov. 26, 2019,
Dec. 23, 2019, Feb. 27, 2020

PSTEP Seminar60
a time on average

Apr. 4, 2019, Apr. 23, 2019, Jun. 14, 2019,
Jun. 18, 2019, Jun. 26, 2019, Jul. 18, 2019,
Sep. 19, 2019, Sep. 24, 2019, Sep. 25, 2019,
Oct. 3, 2019, Oct. 23, 2019, Oct. 30, 2019,
Jan. 31, 2020, Feb. 6, 2020, Feb. 26, 2020

ISEE/CICR Colloquium

20
a time on average

Apr. 18, 2019, Apr. 25, 2019, May 9, 2019,
May 16, 2019, May 30, 2019

ROOT Training Workshop 2019100

Jun. 8–9, 2019

SuperDARN 2019 Onsite School

4

Sep. 9–10, 2019

Virtual Laboratory for the Earth’s Climate Diagnostics Program
Tutorial/lecture34

Sep. 19, 2019

SPEDAS Training Session I & II

75

Sep. 26–27, 2019

Seminar for Young Scientists and Graduate Student

30

Sep. 30, 2019

Seminar for Young Scientists and Graduate Student

8

Nov. 27–Dec. 6, 2019

The Twenty-ninth IHP Training Course in Nagoya“Changing Global Water Cycle and the Regional Responses”

6

Jan. 15, 2020

SPEDAS Training Session I & II

10

Feb. 12, 2020

Joint Meeting of ISEE Technical Support Division and JAXA/ISAS
Advanced Machining Technology Group30

94

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9. Publications and Presentations

Awards Staffs and PDs
Award Winners

DateAwards

Title

Hirohiko Masunaga

May 16, 2019Award of the Meteorological Societyof Japan

Studies of tropical convective dynamics by combined
analysis of satellite observations

Yuichi Otsuka

May 29, 2019

Tanakadate Award of Society ofGeomagnetism and Earth, Planetary
and Space Sciences (SGEPSS)

Study of ionospheric disturbances at low and middle
latitudes using GPS and radar observations

Yuichi Otsuka

May 30, 2019

AGU’s Outstanding Reviewers of2018Radio Science

Masayo Minami(F.A. Shigeyuki Wakaki)

Jul. 2, 201913th Outstanding Poster Award, The
36th Annual Meeting of Japan Society
for Scientific Studies on Cultural
Properties

Radiogenic and stable Sr isotope study of crematedbone apatite: dietary analysis and the effect ofdiagenetic alteration

Masafumi Shoji

Oct. 25, 2019

Obayashi Early Career Scientist
Award（SGEPPS)

Study on nonlinear wave-particle interaction ofelectromagnetic ion cyclotron waves

Minrui Wang

Sep. 19, 2019

Outstanding Papar of AJAE, Japan
Society for Atmospheric
Environment,

Minrui Wang, Kenji Kai, Nobuo Sugimoto, andSarangerel Enkhmaa, Meteorological Factors
Affecting Winter Particulate Air Pollution in
Ulaanbaatar from 2008 to 2016. AJAE, Vol. 12, No. 3

Sneha Yadav

Dec. 18, 2019

INSA Medal for Young Scientists

Contribution towards understanding of low latitude
ionosphere specific to Indian longitudes undervarying space weather conditions

 StudentsAward Winners

DateAwardsTitle

Ken Ohashi

May, 2019Student Presentation Award of the
Physical Society of JapanMC study for the effect of diffractive events on the
air shower developments

Riku Ishijima

May 29, 2019

SGEPSS Student Presentation Award(Aurora Medal)

A statistical analysis of ozone depletion in the polarmesosphere caused by precipitating
solar protons

Heqiucen Xu
Jul. 10, 2019

JpGU 2019 Outstanding Student
Presentation Award

Toshiki Kawai

Kosuke Ozaki

Sep. 12, 2019

16th International Conference on
Topics in Astroparticle andUnderground Physics TAUP 2019
Poster Honourable Mention

Study of quiet-time high-latitude thermosphericwinds using a Fabry-Perot interferometer at Tromsoe:
Averages and exceptional events
Detection and energy derivation of nano-flares basedon deep learning
Characterization of new photo-detectors for the futuredark matter experiments with liquid xenon

Additionally, one domestic award

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9510. Education

10. Education
The Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research (ISEE) primarily offers graduate programs in the Science,
Engineering, and Environmental Studies schools of Nagoya University. The ISEE has its own graduate course for Heliosphericand Geospace Physics in the Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science of the Graduate School of Science. ISEE also
cooperates with the Department of Electrical Engineering, through the Space Electromagnetic Environment group in the
Graduate School of Engineering, and the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, through the Chronology and Natural
History, and Global Water Cycle groups, in the Graduate School of Environmental Studies, by teaching / training graduate
students in disciplines related to space–earth environmental research.
Our graduate students use various methodologies and techniques, including ground observation, fieldwork, laboratory
experiments, radioactive dating, numerical simulations and modeling, and theoretical research. Their work includes thedevelopment of satellite, balloon, and aircraft instruments—and the analysis of observational data. As ISEE members conduct
research that involves analyzing data captured by both domestic and international instrument platforms, and / or by collaborative
research with foreign researchers, our students are actively pioneering new research fields, through their involvement with other
scholars in international collaborations, and in interdisciplinary research. Their studies mature as MSc or PhD theses, which arepresented at international workshops and conferences, and published in academic journals. We nurture researchers who canapply their knowledge to benefit society, who have a broad perspective, and who demonstrate an international perspective.

Staff association between the research divisions in the ISEE and the graduate schools

●

●

●

●

●

●

Land–Ocean
Ecosystem
Research●

ChronologicalResearchCenter for Orbitaland Suborbital
Observations●●

Ionospheric andMagnetosphericResearchCenter for International
Collaborative
Research

Oceanography●

Hydroclimatology

Atmospheric
Chemistry

Environmental
History

Geochronology

Cloud andPrecipitation
Sciences

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research●●

HeliosphericResearch●●Center forIntergrated Data
Science

96

Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sciences Course
Global Water Cycle●

Cosmic-Ray
Research

Meteorological andAtmosphericResearch

Earth and Planetary
Sciences Course
Chronology andNatural History

Meteorology●

Integrated
Studies

Information
Engineering

Electrical Engineering
Course SpaceElectromagnetic
Environment

Space
Observation

Heliospheric and Geospace Physics

Heliospheric
PlasmaPhysics (SW)

Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Cosmic-Ray
Physics(CR)

Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science

Solar and Space
Physics - Theory(SST)

Graduate School of Environmental Studies

Department ofElectrical EngineeringandComputer Science

Space Science –Experiment(SSE)

Graduate School ofEngineering

Atmospheric andEnvironmental
Science (AM)

Graduate School of Science

●
●

●

●

●
●

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

●

●

●
●

●

●
●

●

●

●

●
●

●

10. Education

Number of Students Supervised by ISEE Staff(April 1, 2019–March 31, 2020)

M1

M2

D1

D2

D3

Undergraduate
Students

Non-regularstudents

Total

Graduate School of Science

10

15

2

3

6

-

1 *1

37

Graduate School of Engineering

8

5

0

0

2

-

-

15

Graduate School ofEnvironmental Studies

16

9

1

2

7

-

-

35

School of Science

-

-

-

-

-

7

-

7

School of Engineering

-

-

-

-

-

11

3*2

14

ISEE

-

-

-

-

-

-

2*2

2

Total

34

29

3

5

15

18

6

110

Cumulative total in FY 2019 *1 Special Research Student, *2 Research Student

Faculty Members(April 1, 2019–March 31, 2020)

 Graduate School of Science Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science
Field/Topics

Professor

Associate Professor

Solar-Terrestrial Environmental
ScienceAkira Mizuno

Tomoo Nagahama

Masafumi Hirahara

Satonori Nozawa

Solar-Terrestrial Interrelation
Science

Solar-Terrestrial Physics

Lecturer

Assistant Professor

Shin-ichiro Oyama

Yuichi Otsuka
Kanya Kusano

Satoshi Masuda

Yoshitaka Itow

Fumio Abe

Hiroyasu Tajima

Yutaka Matsubara

Munetoshi Tokumaru

Kazumasa Iwai

Akimasa Ieda
Akira Okumura

Hiroaki Menjo

Fusa Miyake
Ken-ichi Fujiki Graduate School of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Field/Topics
Space Electromagnetic
Environment

Professor

Associate Professor

Kazuo Shiokawa

Nozomu Nishitani

Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Takayuki Umeda

Lecturer

Assistant Professor
Taku Nakajima

Masahito Nosé
Shinsuke Imada Graduate School of Environmental Studies Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Field/Topics

Professor
Kazuhisa Tsuboki

Taro Shinoda

Hydrospheric-Atmospheric
Sciences Course
Global Water Cycle

Nobuhiro Takahashi

Hirohiko Masunaga

Earth and Planetary Sciences Course
Chronology and Natural History

Associate Professor

Lecturer

Sho Ohata

Michihiro Mochida
Tetsuya Hiyama

Naoyuki Kurita

Joji Ishizaka

Hidenori Aiki

Masayo Minami

Takenori Kato

Hiroyuki Kitagawa

Assistant Professor

Hatsuki Fujinami
Yoshihisa Mino
Hirotaka Oda

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9710. Education

Undergraduate Education
Based on demand, the faculty of the institute offers numerous undergraduate courses in the School of Science, the Schoolof Engineering, and in other departments and at other universities in the adjacent area.

 During the 2019 Academic Year, The Following Courses were Offered;98Astrophysics and Space Science

Astrophysics III

Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences

Earth and Planetary Science ResearchesElectric Circuits with Exercise

Electromagnetic Wave EngineeringEnvironmental Earth Sciences (Geosphere Environmental Chemistry)

Experimental Physics

Experiments in Physics - Advanced CourseFirst Year Seminar AFrontier of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Fundamentals of Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences

Geochemical Analysis II and Experiments

Geology Experiments

Graduation Thesis A・BIntroduction to Earth ScienceIntroduction to Electrical/ Electronic and Information Engineering for Automobiles

Introduction to Physics I, IIIsotope Geochemistry

Laboratory in Physics

Mathematics 1 with Exercises A/BPetrology Experiments

Physics Experiments I, II

Probability Theory and Numerical Analysis with ExercisesRemote sensingScience of Atmospheric-Hydrospehric EnvironmentSolar System ScienceTechnical Visits in Companies and Laboratories BTopics in Advanced Physics

View of Advanced Electrical/ Electronic and Information Engineering

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

11. International Relations

11. International Relations
Academic Exchange(29 in total)
Institution

Country/Region

Establishment

Indonesia

May 31,1988

Korean Space Weather Center

Korea

December 24, 2012

Pukyong National University, College of Fisheries Sciences

Korea

October 2, 2006

Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

China

February 20, 2001

Polar Research Institute of China

China

November 11, 2005

Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University

TaiwanOctober 30, 2009

Center for Weather Climate and Disaster Research, National Taiwan University

TaiwanSeptember 3, 2014

Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Department of Physics

Bangladesh

March 4, 2008

National Institute of Water andAtmospheric Research

New Zealand

July 26, 1989

Centre for Geophysical Research, University of Auckland

New Zealand

December 7, 1992

Faculty of Science, University of Canterbury

New Zealand

July 30, 1998

Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks

U.S.A.

July 16, 1990

Space Environment Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

U.S.A.

December 15, 1992

National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

U.S.A.

January 5, 1993

Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

U.S.A.

October 24, 1994

Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California at San Diego.

U.S.A.

December 22, 1997

Center for Space Science and Engineering Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute andState University

U.S.A.

January 23, 2013

Chacaltaya Cosmic Ray Observatory, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor de San
Andres, La Paz

Bolivia

February 20, 1992

National Institute for Space Research

BrazilMarch 5, 1997

Swedish Institute of Space Physics

SwedenSeptember 1, 2005
(since March 25, 1993)

Department of Geophysics, Finnish Meteorological Institute

FinlandOctober 21, 1994

Yerevan Physics InstituteArmenia

October 18, 1996

Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radiowave Propagation, Far Eastern Branch,
Russian Academy of Sciences

RussiaApril 14, 2007

Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

RussiaOctober 28, 2008

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, Siberian Branch of theRussian Academy of Sciences

RussiaNovember 28, 2012

The Polar Geophysical Institute, Murmansk

RussiaMarch 13, 2017

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Ocean Satellite Center

Korea

March 13, 2018
(since April 17, 2014)

Faculty of Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway

NorwayMay 3, 2019
(since October 8, 1993)

International Science
CouncilJuly 30, 2019

Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space

Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP)

Visitor : 13／Going Abroad : 34

Note: The List includes the academic exchanges established in the former organizations before ISEE.

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research9911. International Relations

Research Projects
 Major International Collaborative Projects
Research Project

ISEE
Representative(80 in total)
Collaborating
Country/Region

Collaborating Organization

Study of the Onset Mechanism of Solar Eruptions

K. Kusano

Germany

1

University of Potsdam

Observational Study of the Onset Mechanism of
Solar Eruptions

K. Kusano

U.S.A
China

2

New Jersey Institute of Technology
University of Science and Technology of
China

Study of Modeling of Solar Eruptions

K. Kusano

U.S.A.

1

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics

Study of Triggering Mechanism of Solar Flares

K. Kusano

U.K.

1

UCL-Mullard Space Science Laboratory

Study of Magnetic Reconnection

K. Kusano

U.K.

1

University of Manchester

Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Project

Y. Miyoshi

U.S.A

1

NASA, JHUAPL

Modeling Study of Inner Magnetosphere

Y. Miyoshi

U.S.A

1

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Collaborative study on ERG project

Y. Miyoshi

Taiwan1Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics,
Academia Sinica

U.S.A
International Heliophysics Data Environment
Alliance

Y. Miyoshi

Europe (Member
States of ESA)

23

8

Belgium

GSFC/NASA, Catholic University ofAmerica, New Jersey Institute ofTechnology
National Astronomical Observatories,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong
University
KASI,
Russian Academy of Sciences
University of Warwick
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
University of Applied Sciences and Arts
Northwestern Switzerland
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Italy
FranceSwitzerland
U.S.A.

4

University of Florence, Catania University
École Polytechnique
CERN
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

7

Boston University, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, UCI, Duke University, George
Mason University, University of Hawaii,
Indiana University, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, University of Maryland, State
University of New York, University ofWashington
University of British Columbia, Universityof Toronto, TRIUMF
Queen Mary University of London, Imperial
College London, University of Liverpool,
University of Oxford, University of
Sheffield
Complutense University of Madrid
Chonnam National University, Seoul
National University, Sungkyunkwan
University
Tsinghua University
University of Warsaw

U.S.A.

China

Solar Researches with Nobeyama RadioheliographStudy in Interaction of Very High Energy Cosmic
Rays by Using Large Hadron Collider

S. Masuda

Y. Itow

Korea
RussiaU.K.
Germany
Switzerland

U.S.A.

CanadaStudy in Cosmic Neutrinos by Using a Large Water
Cherenkov Detector

Y. Itow

U.K.

Spain
Korea

China
Poland100 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

NASA (SPDF, SDAC, HPDE, SPASE,
CCMC)
European Space Agency (ESA), CNES

11. International Relations

Research Project

ISEE
Representative

Collaborating
Country/Region

Study of Dark Matter and Solar Neutrinos Using a
Liquid Xenon Detector

Y. Itow

Korea

1Seoul National University, Sejong University,
Korea Research Institute of standards andScience

Study in Interaction of Very High Energy Cosmic
Rays by Using Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Y. Itow

Italy
U.S.A.

2

University of Florence, Catania University
Brookhaven National Laboratory

Collaborating Organization

U.S.A.

Korea

China
U.K.
Research and Development for the Next Generation
Water Cherenkov Detector, Hyper-Kamiokande

13

Y. Itow
Italy

FranceSwitzerland
Spain
PolandBrazilCanada, Russia
Portugal
Germany

Study of Dark Matter and Solar Neutrinos Using a
2-phase Liquid Xenon TPC Detector

Y. Itow

Italy
Switzerland
U.S.A

10

SwedenIsraelPortugal
France, UAE, Netherlands
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
Switzerland
U.K.
Research on Origin of Cosmic Rays with CTA(Cherenkov Telescope Array)

U.S.A.
22

H. Tajima

Brazil, Argentina,
Poland, Armenia,
Australia, Czech,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Finland, Greece,
Sweden Slovenia, India,
Ireland, South Africa

Boston University, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, UCI, Duke University, George
Mason University, Indiana University,
University of Hawaii, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, University of Maryland, State
University of New York, University ofWashington
Chonnam National University, Seoul
National University, Sungkyunkwan
University
Tsinghua University
Imperial College London, Lancaster
University, University of Oxford, Queen
Mary University of London, University of
Sheffield, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
INFN Sezione di Bari, INFN Sezione diNapoli, INFN Sezione di Padova, INFN
Sezione di Roma
CEA Saclay, École Polytechnique
University of Bern, Swiss Federal Instituteof Technology ZurichAutonomous University of Madrid
University of Warsaw
University of São Pauloand other Institutions
Max-Planck-Institut,
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
INFN, Università di Bologna
University of Zurich
Columbia University, University of
Chicago, Purdue University, UCSD
Stockholms universitet
Weizmann Institute of Science
Universidade de Coimbra
and other institutions
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron,
Max-Planck-Institut, Heidelberg University
CENS, École Polytechnique, University of Paris
INFN, IFSI
University of Barcelona, Complutense
University
University of Zürich
Durham University, University of Leicester,
University of Leeds
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory,
Argonne National Laboratory, Universityof Washington, Iowa State University,
UCLA, UCSC, University of Chicago,
Smithsonian Observatory
and other institutions

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research 101

11. International Relations

Research Project

ISEE
Representative

Collaborating
Country/Region

Collaborating Organization

4

Stanford University, SLAC National
Accelerator Laboratory, GSFC/NASA,
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, UCSC,
Sonoma State University
University of Washington, Purdue
University,
Ohio State University, University ofDenver
CENS, CNRS, École Polytechnique
INFN, Italian Space Agency, IFSIRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
University

U.S.A.

Research on Origin of Cosmic Rays with Fermi
Satellite

H. Tajima
France
Italy
SwedenSolar Flare Research with Hard X-ray Spectral
Imaging Observations

H. Tajima

U.S.A.

1

UCB, MSFC/NASA, Air Force ResearchLaboratory

Solar Flare Research with Gamma-ray Spectral
Imaging Observations with Polarimetry

H. Tajima

U.S.A.

1

UCB, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, GSFC/NASA

4

Research Institute of Physics, University of
San Andrés
Yerevan Physics Institute
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences
National Autonomous University of
Mexico2

The University of Arizona
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

2
U.S.A.

University of Auckland, University ofCanterbury, Victoria University of
Wellington, Massey University
University of Maryland, NASA

5

LOFAR-UK
Lebedev Physical Institute
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
National Autonomous University of Mexico
Murchison Widefield Array

Bolivia

Study of Solar Neutrons

Y. Matsubara

Armenia
China
MexicoSearch for Cosmic-ray Excursions in the Past bySingle-year Measurements of 14C in Tree Rings

F. Miyake

U.S.A.
Switzerland
New ZealandA Search for Dark Objects Using the Gravitational
Microlensing Effect

F. AbeObservations of Interplanetary Disturbances Using
the International IPS Network

M. Tokumaru

U.K.
RussiaIndia
MexicoAustralia

Study of 3-D Solar Wind Structure and Dynamics
Using Heliospheric Tomography

M. Tokumaru

U.S.A.

1

CASS/UCSD

Study on the Application of Interplanetary
Scintillation Observations to Space Weather
Forecast

M. Tokumaru

Korea

1

Korean Space Weather Center

Study of the Heliospheric Boundary Region Using
Observations of Interplanetary Scintillation

M. Tokumaru

U.S.A.

1

Interstellar Boundary Explorer, IMAP5

CESR-CNRS, CETP-IPSL
Institute for Solar Physics of the Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Boston University
University of BernFranceSwedenResearch and Development of the Plasma/Particle
Instrument Suite for the Mercury Magnetospheric
Exploration Mission

M. Hirahara

Future Satellite Mission for the Terrestrial
Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere
Explorations by Formation Flight Observations
and its Feasibility Study and Collaboration of theSatellite and Ground-Based Observations

M. Hirahara

Sweden1

Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF),
Swedish National Space Board

Study on Science Subjects and Developmental
Techniques of Observational Instruments toward
Future Spacecraft Exploration Missions for theSpace-Earth Coupling System

M. Hirahara

U.S.A.
CanadaSweden3

University of Colorado Boulder, UCB
University of Calgary
Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF)

K. Shiokawa

U.S.A., France,
Germany, U.K., Italy,
Canada, Australia,
India, China, andother countries

9

SCOSTEP

VarSITI (Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial
Impact)102 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

U.K.
U.S.A.
Switzerland

11. International Relations

Research Project

ISEE
Representative

High-Sensitive Imaging Measurements of Airglow
and Aurora and electromagnetic waves in Canadian
ArcticK. Shiokawa

Magnetic Conjugate Observations of Midlatitude
Thermospheric Disturbances

K. Shiokawa

Comparison of Dynamical Variations of the
Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Ionosphere between
Asian and Brazilian Longitudes

Collaborating
Country/Region

Collaborating Organization

2

University of California, Augsburg College
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University
University of Calgary, Athabasca University

Australia

1Radio and Space Service/IPS

K. Shiokawa

Brazil1

INPE

Ground and Satellite Measurements of Geospace
Environment in the Far-Eastern Russia

K. Shiokawa

Russia1

Institute of Cosmophysical Research andRadiowave Propagation, Far Eastern
Branch, RAS

Observations of the Equatorial Ionosphere in
South-East Asia and West Africa

K. Shiokawa

3

National Space Research and Development
Agency, Federal University of Technology,
Akure
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny

U.S.A.

CanadaNigeria

Cote d’Ivoire
Observations of Waves and Particles in the Inner
Magnetosphere in the Siberian Region of Russia

K. Shiokawa

Russia1

IKFIA/SB RAS, ISTP/SB RAS

Collaborative Research and Operation in the Fieldof Space Weather Observations

Y. Otsuka

Indonesia

1

LAPAN

Observations and researches of ionosphere andupper atmosphere in Thailand

Y. Otsuka

Thailand1

Chiang Mai University, King Mongkut's
Institute of Technology Ladkrabang

Study of the Polar Upper Atmosphere Using the
EISCAT Radars and Other Instruments

S. Nozawa

NorwaySweden, Finland,
Germany, U.K., China

6

M. NoséAustralia
TurkeyGermany
Spain
Denmark
U.S.A.

Derivation of substorm index from low-latitude
geomagnetic field data

6

Geoscience AustraliaBoğaziçi University
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Universitat Ramon Llull
Technical University of Denmark
United States Geological Survey (USGS)

9JHUAPL, Virginia Polytechnic Institute andState University
University of Leicester
LPC2E/CNRS
University of KwaZulu-Natal
La Trobe University
University of Saskatchewan
IFSI
ISTP/SB RAS
Polar Research Institute of China

3

Geophysical Institute/UAF
University of Oulu, Finnish Meteorological
Institute, Sodankylä GeophysicalObservatory, Lappeenranta-Lahti
University of Technology
The Swedish Institute of Space Physics(IRF), KTH Royal Institute of Technology

5

Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory,
University of Oulu, Finnish Meteorological
Institute
University of Otago
British Antarctic Survey
University Centre in Svalbard
University of Alaska Fairbanks

3

CEILAP, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
Argentina
University of Magallanes (UMAG),
Dirección Meteorológica de Chile

U.S.A.

Study of the Polar/Midlatitude Ionosphere andMagnetosphere Using the SuparDARN HF Radar
NetworkN. Nishitani

U.K.
FranceSouth Africa
Australia
Canada
Italy
RussiaChina
U.S.A
FinlandSDI-3D project: Development of SDI

S. Oyama
SwedenFinlandStudy of Auroral Energetic Electron Precipitation(EEP) Impacts on the Upper/Middle Atmosphere

Study of aerosols and armospheric trace gases byusing SAVER-Net observation network in SouthAmericaS. Oyama

New Zealand
U.K.
NorwayU.S.A.
Argentina

A. Mizuno

Chile

UiT The Arctic University of Norway
EISCAT Scientific Association

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research 103

11. International Relations

Research Project

ISEE
Representative

High Energy Particles in Geospace: theAcceleration Mechanism and the Role in Earth’s
ClimateA. Mizuno

Source Apportionment of Organic Aerosols in
Beijing

M. Mochida

Collaborating
Country/Region

Collaborating Organization

Bolivia

University of La Frontera, Universidad
Mayor de San Andrés

U.S.A.
3

University of Colorado Boulder, UCLA,
University of Arizona
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
EISCAT Scientific Association

1

Tianjin University

3

University of Wollongong, CSIRO,ANSTO, NSW Department of Planning,
Industry, and Environment
Georgia Institute of Technology, UCI
Lancaster University

NorwaySwedenChina
Australia

Characterizing Organics and Aerosol Loading overAustralia (COALA)

M. Mochida
S. Ohata

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

N. Takahashi

U.S.A.

1

NASA

Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM)

H. Masunaga
N. Takahashi

U.S.A.

1

NASA

Tropical Cyclones-Pacific Asian ResearchCampaign for Improvement of Intensity
Estimations/Forecasts (T-PARCII)

K. Tsuboki
T. Shinoda

Taiwan1

National Taiwan University Atmospheric
Sciences

Advanced Study on Precipitation Enhancement inArid and Semi-Arid Regions

M. Murakami

United Arab Emirates

1

National Centre of Meteorology, Khalifa
University

Study on tropical convective-radiative interactions

H. Masunaga

France1

Laboratoire de Meteorology
Dynamique/CNRS

Study on tropical-subtropical atmospheric dynamics

H. Masunaga

U.S.A.

1

University of Miami

Observatoinal study on convective self-aggregation

H. Masunaga

U.K.

1

University of Reading

Aircraft observation of aerosols and clouds in the
ArcticS. Ohata

Germany

1

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar andMarine Research

4

Norwegian Polar InstituteNational Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Government of Canada
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute

U.S.A.
U.K

NorwayU.S.ALong-term observation of black carbon aerosols in
the Arctic

S. Ohata

Continuous Observation of Methane at a Paddy
Field in Northern India

Y. Matsumi

India

1

University of Delhi

Observation of PM2.5 in Hanoi

Y. Matsumi

Vietnam1

Hanoi University of Science andTechnology

Observation of PM2.5 in Ulan Bator

Y. Matsumi

Mongolia

1

National University of Mongolia

Validation of GOCI Products and Application toEnvironmental Monitoring of Japanese Coastal
WatersJ. Ishizuka

Korea

1

Korea Institute of Ocean Science andTechnology

6

Korea Institute of Ocean Science andTechnology
Columbia University, East Carolina University
National Cheng Kung University
Burapha University
First Institute of Oceanography, Nanjing,
University of Science and Technology
University of Tartu

CanadaRussiaKorea

Collection of Validation Dataset of GCOM-C
Coastal Products

J. Ishizaka

U.S.A.
TaiwanThailand
China
Estonia

Sea Surface Nitrate and Nitrate Based New
Production - two innovative research products fromSGLI on board GCOM-C
Validation of ocean color products in the western
North Pacific and Japanese coastal waters:
Collaboration with JAXA GCOM-C project

J. Ishizaka

U.S.A.

1

Columbia University

J. Ishizaka

Member States of
EUMETSAT:
Germany, UK, France,
Italy, Spain, Netherlands
and others countries

30

European Organisation for the Exploitationof Meteorological Satellites(EUMETSAT)

104 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

11. International Relations

Research Project

ISEE
Representative

Investigating the optical characteristics of red tides
in the upper Gulf of Thailand

J. Ishizaka

Thailand1

University of Burapa, Kasetsart University

Integrated Land Ecosystem - Atmosphere Processes
Study (iLEAPS), one of the Global Research
Projects (GRPs) of the Future Earth

T. Hiyama

U.K., India, Finland,
New Zealand, China,
Koria and others
countries

6iLEAPS/Future Earth

Observational Study of Vegetation, Energy andWater in Eastern Siberia Towards Elucidation of
Climate and Carbon Cycle Changes

T. Hiyama

Russia1

Institute for Biological Problems of
Cryolithozone /SB RAS

Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) Project

T. Hiyama

1

International Arctic Research Center of the
University of Alaska Fairbanks (IARC)

Estimating Permafrost Groundwater age in Central
Mongolia

T. Hiyama

Mongol1

Institute of Geography and Geoecology of
the Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Study of methane flux observation in Eastern
Siberia and the obtained data analysis

T. Hiyama

Russia1

Institute for Natural Science, North
Eastern Federal University

Study of Equatorial Waves in the Atmosphere andOcean

H. AikiGermany

1

GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean
Research Kiel

H.Fujinami

Nepal

1

Kathmandu University, Nepal Academy of
Science and Tecnology, International
Centre for Integrated Mountain
Development

5

India Meteorological Department, Indian
Institute of Tropical Meteorology,
University of RajasthanInternational Centre for Integrated
Mountain Development, Nepal Academyof Science and Tecnology, Kathmandu
University
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua
University
Pusan National University
and other institutions

1

Vietnam Academy of Science andTechnology

3

Geological Survey of Israel, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem
Columbia University, University of
Minnesota
GFZ Helmholtz Centre Potsdam,
Max-Planck-Institute Mainz for Chemistry
Université de Genève

An international study on precipitation variability inhigh-altitude areas of the Himalayas in Nepal

Collaborating
Country/Region

U.S.A.

Collaborating Organization

India

Nepal
Asian Precipitation Experiment (AsiaPEX)

H.Fujinami
China

Korea
Bangladesh
Climate change reconstruction of the Central
Highlands in Vietnam

H. Kitagawa

VietnamIsraelU.S.AInternational Continental Scientific Drilling
Program - Dead Sea Deep Drilling Project（ICDP-DSDDP)

H. Kitagawa
Germany
Switzerland
14

Study of Grand-Water Circulation Based on C
Ages of Underground Water and Hot-Spring Water
Samples from Korea

M. Minami

Korea

1

Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral
Resources (KIGAM)

Climate reconstruction using travertine from
Takht-e-Soleyman area in Kurdistan, Iran

M. Minami

Iran

1

University of Kurdistan

Geochronological Research on the Basement Rocksin Japan and Korea

T. KatoKorea

1Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral
Resources (KIGAM)

Development of New Analytical Techniques andAccurate Quantification of Electron Microprobe
Analysis

T. KatoKorea

1Pusan National University (PNU)

10

University of Houston, Texas A&M
University, Appalachian State University,
U.S. Army Engineer Research andDevelopment Center, The University of
Massachusetts, University of South
Florida, Montclair State University,

U.S.A
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)
Expedition 379: Amundsen Sea West Antarctic Ice
Sheet History

M. Yamane

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research 105

11. International Relations

Research Project

ISEE
Representative

Collaborating
Country/Region

Germany

U.K.
FranceSwedenNorway
China
Korea
India
New Zealand

106 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

Collaborating Organization
University of Florida, Northern Illinois
University, Colorado College
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar andMarine Research,
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel,
Universität Bremen, Museum fürNaturkunde
University of Southampton, University ofBirmingham, British Antarctic Survey
Université de Perpignan
Stockholms universitet
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
China University of Geosciences, Tongji
University
Korea Insti- tute of Geoscience & Mineral.
Resources
National Centre for Antarctic and. Ocean
Research
GNS Science11. International Relations

Visitors from Foreign Institutes(April 1, 2019–March 31, 2020)

Funding Source

Country/Region

Asia （8）

India

22

Government-funding

Indonesia

4

Nagoya University

74

Korea

19

Self-funding

184

Singapore3

Others16

Taiwan

5

Total

326

China

49

Nepal

3

Bangladesh

1

Canada4

USA

99

Argentina1

Latin America andJamaica1

the Caribbean （4）Brazil1

North America （2）

Peru

1

Italy

2

England

23

Austria1

Croatia1

Switzerland

6

Sweden

3

Spain

2

Europe（17）

Czech

14

（Including New

Germany

14

Independent States）

Norway11

Hungary

2

Finland

5

France4

Bulgaria

2

Belgium

3

Poland2

Russia7

Australia

6

New Zealand2Israel1

Iran1

Nigeria1

Oceania（2）Middle East （2）Africa（1）
Total

52

31

106

Purpose103

Academic Conference,
Symposium
4

246

Joint Research

62

Training

2

Others

16
Total

326

102

8

2
1
326

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research 107

11. International Relations

Seminars by Foreign Visitors
Date(34 in total)

Affiliation

April 4, 2019

Vania
Jordanova✱

Los Alamos National
Laboratory, USA

46th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Geomagnetic Storms: New Insightsfrom Multi-Spacecraft Observations and Self-Consistent
Simulations

21

April 19, 2019

Ava MaxamSpecial Seminar/ Coastal modeling studies of Mona
GeoInformatics Institute, the University of the West Indies,
Jamaica

10April 23, 2019

Lynn M.
Kistler✱

Coastal Dynamics
Modelling Laboratory,
Mona GeoInformatics
Institute, University of theWest Indies, Jamaica
University of New
Hampshire, USA

47th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ The Development of theStorm-Time Ring Current, and Its Effects on Wave Generation

31

June 14, 2019

Jing Chen

Kyoto University/ Prof. at
Indian Institute ofGeomagnetism, India

48th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Kinetic Alfvén waves in spaceplasmas12

June 18, 2019

Satyavir Singh

Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore

49th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Atmospheric processing promotes
the water uptake by organic-rich biomass burning particles inSoutheast Asia

10

June 26, 2019

Rangaiah
Kariyappa✱

Indian Institute of
Astrophysics, India

17

July 3, 2019

Linda Sugiyama

MIT, USA

50th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Coronal & Photospheric Magnetic
Features from Spatially Resolved Images to Understand EUV &UV Solar Irradiance Variability & their impacts on Earth's Climate
and Space Weather
Special Seminar/ Coronal loop model and ideal MHD
quasi-interchange model

July 4, 2019

Boris Kozelov

Polar Geophysical Institute,
RussiaJapan-Russia bilateral project seminar/ Information about
ionosphere-magnetosphere plasma: extracting from optical and
VLF observations

10

July 4, 2019

Andrei
DemekhovPolar Geophysical Institute,
RussiaJapan-Russia bilateral project seminar/ Comparison of spacecraft
data on quasi-periodic VLF emissions with the flow cyclotron
maser model

10

July 18, 2019

StephenPlayfer✱

University of Edinburgh,UK

51th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Hyper-Kamiokande & the future ofneutrino physics

11

July 18, 2019

K. D. Leka✱

Senior Research Scientist at
NorthWest Research
Associates, USA

52th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Results from the ISEE/CICR
Workshop, "Benchmarks for Operational Flare Forecasting" andFuture Prospects

19

August 7, 2019

J.-P.
St-Maurice✱

University of Saskatchewan, Special Seminar/ What are STEVE?
Canada/ University ofWestern Ontario, Canada

20

August 29, 2019

Vanessa Polito

Lockheed Martin Solar andAstrophysics Laboratory,USA

7

September 19,
2019

J.-P.
St-Maurice✱

University of Saskatchewan, 53th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ E region phenomena and what they
Canada/ University of
reveal about ionospheric processes
Western Ontario, Canada

14

September 24,
2019

Mariko Oue

Stony Brook University,USA

54th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Ka-band Radar Polarimetric andDoppler Spectrum Measurements for Snowbands Along the U.S.
Northeast Coast

22

September 25,
2019

Seth Claudepierre Aerospace Corporation &UCLA, USA

55th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Empirically estimated electron
lifetimes in the Earth’s radiation belts

15

108 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

Title

Number of

Name

Solar Seminar/ UV spectroscopy of solar flares: some recent
insights from IRIS and EIS

Participant

1711. International Relations

Date
October 3, 2019

Name
Abraham
Chian✱

Affiliation

Title

Number ofParticipant

56th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Nonlinear Dynamics ofSpace-Earth Environment

25

October 17, 2019 Gilda de Lourdes
Gonzalez✱

University of Adelaide,
Australia/ National Institutefor Space Research (INPE),
BrazilNational University of
Tucuman, Argentina

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Seminar/
Ionospheric studies in Tucumn - Argentina

34

October 17, 2019 Artem Yu
Gololobov✱

North-Eastern Federal
University, Russia

34

October 23, 2019 Samuel
Krucker✱

University of Applied
Sciences Northwestern
Switzerland, Switzerland/Space Science Laboratory,
University of California,
Berkeley, USA
National Astronomical
Observatories of China,
China

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Seminar/
Conjugate measurements of the SAR-arc detachment from theauroral oval using DMSP satellites and an all-sky camera at
Athabasca, Canada
57th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Solar X-ray Observations with
NuSTAR

58th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Radio precursors of solar flare

15

October 30, 2019 Baolin Tan

15

October 31, 2019 Edith Liliana
Macotela Cruz

University of Oulu

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Seminar/Disturbances Obseved in the VLF signal propagate in the
Earth-ionosphere waveguide37

October 31, 2019 Ram Singh✱

Indian Institute ofGeomagnetism, India

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Seminar/
Prompt penetration and Disturbance dynamo electric and theirimpact on equatorial and low latitude ionosphere

37

November 6,
2019

Abraham
Chian✱

Solar Seminar/ Magnetic reconnection and intermittent turbulencein solar corona and solar wind

8

November 14,
2019

Abraham
Chain✱

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Seminar/
Role of pre-reversal enhancement in the generation of equatorial
plasma bubble using observation and model simulations

36

November 15,
2019

Aaron Hendry

University of Adelaide,
Australia/ National Institutefor Space Research (INPE),
BrazilUniversity of Adelaide,
Australia/ National Institutefor Space Research (INPE),
BrazilCzech Academy of Science

Special Seminar/ EMIC-driven sub-MeV electron precipitation:evidence, theory, and future research

12

November 20,
2019

Stanislav Gunar

Astronomical Institute of the Solar Seminar/ Modelling of entire prominences with their
Czech Academy of Sciences multiple fine structures: the 3D Whole-Prominence Fine Structure
models18

January 9, 2020

Viswanathan
LakshmiNarayanan✱

The Arctic University of
Norway, Norway

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Seminar/
A discussion of midlatitude ionospheric instabilities and associatedspread F

36

January 9, 2020

Tulasiram
Sudarsanam✱

Indian Institute ofGeomagnetism, India

Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Seminar/
A new Artificial Neural Network based 3D Ionospheric Model(ANNIM-3D) - Discussion

36

January 31, 2020 D. Knipp

University of Colorado,
Boulder

59th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Reconstructing Large Scale Field
Aligned Currents from Short Segments of AMPERE Data

20

February 6, 2020 Iskhaq Iskandar

University of Sriwijaya,
60th ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Recent Progress on the Study of
Palembang, South Sumatera, Satellite-Observed Surface Chlorophyll-a Variability within theIndonesia
Indonesian Waters and Its Relation to Physical Environmental
ChangesGerman Aerospace Center,
Division for Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Research Seminar/
Germany
Recent advances in ionospheric density imaging with spaceborne
synthetic aperture radar

14

February 20,
2020

Hiroatsu Sato✱

27

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research 109

11. International Relations

Date

Name

February 20,
2020

Matthias Förster

February 25,
2020

S. Gupta

Affiliation
GFZ German ResearchCentre for Geosciences,
Germany /Max-Planck-Institute for
Solar System Research(MPS), Germany
Tata, India

Number of

Title

Participant

61st ISEE/CICR colloquium/ Symmetries and asymmetries of the
Earth's magnetic field and their implications for themagnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (M-I-T) coupling

15

Seminar on STP topics at Grape-3 air shower experiment/ "STP
topics at Grape-3 air shower experiment10✱ Foreign Visiting Staff

110 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research

11. International Relations＜Abbreviations＞
ANSTO

Australia Nuclear Sience and Technology Organization

CNES

Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales

CNRS:
CESR:
LPC2E:CSIRO

Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCentre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

EISCAT:

European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association

IBEX:

Interstellar Boundary Explorer

IFSI:

Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario

IMAP:Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe

INFN:

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

RAS:

Russian Academy of Sciences

IPS:

Ionospheric Prediction Services

IPSL:
CETP:
JHUAPL:

Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace
Centre d'étude des environnements terrestres et planétaires
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

KASI:

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

LAPAN:

Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, National Institute of Aeronautics and SpaceLOFAR:

Low Frequency Array

MWA:

Murchison Widefield Array

NASA:
CCMC:
GSFC:
HPDE
MSFC:
SDAC:
SPASE:SPDF:
SCOSTEP:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Community Coordinated Modeling Center
Goddard Space Flight Center
High Performance Driving Education
Marshall Space Flight Center
Solar Data Analysis Center
Space Physics Archive Search and Extract
Space Physics Data Facility
Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics

SLAC:

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

UCB:

University of California, Berkeley

UCI:

University of California, Irvine

UCLA:

University of California, Los Angeles

UCSC:

University of California, Santa Cruz

UCSD:
CASS:
UiT:

University of California, San Diego
Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences
University of Tromsø

Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research 111

12. Outreach

12. Outreach
Public Lectures, Open Labs, and School Visits
ISEE members contributed to public education through 22 lecture visits, three public lectures at Nagoya University, two
open laboratory events, two public laboratory demonstrations, one field trip for children, six high-school student visits, threesummer internship programs, and three training courses for young researchers.
ISEE held open laboratory sessions and special lectures for the public on June 15 and 16 during the 2019 Nagoya University
Festival, and a half-day public lecture meeting on October 19, 2019 during the 2019 Nagoya University Home Coming Day 2019.
ISEE and the former STEL have maintained a close relationship with the town of Rikubetsu in Hokkaido since 2003. Public
lectures were held on November 8, 2019 at Rikubetsu Elementary School and Rikubetsu Junior High School. Public laboratory
demonstrations were presented on November 9, 2019 at the Rikubetsu Space Earth Science Museum.
ISEE distributes a series of booklets that answer 50 questions on various topics, as well as informative comic books related tospace–Earth subjects for the public.
An English version of the video introducing ISEE for young students and the public was produced, and is available on the ISEE
website (http://www.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/).
The ISEE website continues to publish the most up-to-date activities and outcomes of laboratory science to the public. The
digitized booklet series can also be browsed at this site.

Public lecture on the ISEE open laboratory (June 15, 2019).

112 Institute for Space–Earth Environmental ResearchAddresses of Facilities
Location

Name
ISEE Research Institutes

Address

Nagoya①

Toyokawa②

Toyokawa Branch

3-13 Honohara, Toyokawa-shi, Aichi 442-8507③

Moshiri Observatory

Moshiri, Horokanai, Uryu, Hokkaido 074-0741

Buildings I/II

Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601

Uenbetsu, Rikubetsu-cho, Ashoro-gun,
Hokkaido④

Rikubetsu
Observatory

Hokkaido 089-4301
58-1, 78-1, 78-5, 129-1, 129-4 Pontomamu,
Rikubetsu-cho, Ashoro-gun, Hokkaido 089-4300

Yamanashi⑤

Kagoshima⑥

Fuji Observatory

1347-2 Fujigane, Fujikawaguchiko-machi,
Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0338

Kagoshima

3860-1 ShimoHonjo Honjo, Tarumizu-shi,

Observatory

Kagoshima 891-2112

TEL/FAX
TEL:+81-52-747-6303
FAX:+81-52-747-6313
TEL:+81-533-89-5206
FAX:+81-533-86-3154
TEL:+81-165-38-2345
FAX:+81-165-38-2345
TEL:+81-156-27-8103

TEL:+81-156-27-4011

TEL:+81-555-89-2829

TEL:+81-994-32-0730