Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture(EOA) in Nigeria
African Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS) Technopolicy Brief No. 56
Dr. Nicholas Ozor
Mr. Alfred Nyambane

Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture(EOA) in Nigeria

Dr. Nicholas Ozor
Mr. Alfred Nyambane
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)Table of Contents
About the Mainstreaming Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative................ ii
About the African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) ....................... iii
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................ iv
Key Messages ................................................................................................ v
1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 1
2. Rationale for EOA in Nigeria ....................................................................... 2
3. Methodology ............................................................................................. 3
4. Key Findings ............................................................................................... 4
4.1 Relevant National Policies, Strategies, Plans and Programmes that
support EOA development in Nigeria.............................................................. 4
4.2 Institutional Framework for EOA development in Nigeria......................... 6
5. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 8
6. Policy Recommendations ........................................................................... 9
References ................................................................................................... 12

i|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is atransdisciplinary network of researchers, policymakers, private
sector actors and the civil society promoting the generation,dissemination, use and mastery of Science, Technology andInnovations (STI) for African development, environmental
sustainability and global inclusion. In collaboration with like-minded
institutions, ATPS provides platforms for regional and international
research and knowledge sharing in order to build Africa’s capabilities in
STI policy research, policymaking and implementation forsustainable development.

Published by the African Technology Policy Studies
Network (ATPS)
P. O. Box 10081, 00100- GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
2021
ISBN: 978-9966-124-84-5

About the Mainstreaming Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative
The Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative (EOA-I) 1 is a continental initiativethat holds promise for increasing the productivity of Africa’s smallholder farms,
with consequent positive impacts on food security. Garnering support andlegitimacy for programs and initiatives run in Africa from continental bodies suchas the African Union Commission (AUC), the New Partnership for Africa’s
Development (NEPAD), the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa(UNECA), the Regional Economic Commissions (RECs) as well as the relevant
National governments could undoubtedly lead to ownership, high visibility,
success, and sustainability of such programs and initiative. However, the processof engaging with these high-level bodies and governments is notstraightforward. It requires strong champions who have establishedlongstanding relationships both formal and informal with these bodies andgovernments to achieve the desired objectives. The African Technology Policy
Studies Network (ATPS) 2 is one rare organization in Africa that has establishedworking relationships and goodwill with these aforementioned bodies andgovernments for over 30 years. In most cases, ATPS provides human resource
supports to these bodies in a win-win situation that has led to the developmentof trust and high integrity between ATPS and the continental bodies andgovernments. The EOA-I aims to transform and create sustainable food systems
through promoting ecologically sound strategies and practices among diverse
stakeholders in production, processing, marketing and policymaking, tosafeguard the environment, improve livelihoods, alleviate poverty andguarantee food security. The overall goal of the initiative is to mainstream EOA
into national agricultural production systems by 2025 in order to improve
agricultural productivity, food security, access to markets and sustainable
development in Africa.

12

https://biovisionafricatrust.org/eoa-initiative/
https://atpsnet.org/about-atps/

ii | A d v a n c i n g E c o l o g i c a l O r g a n i c A g r i c u l t u r e i n N i g e r i aAbout the African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is a trans-disciplinary
network of researchers, policymakers, private sector actors and the civil society
actors that promote the generation, dissemination, use and mastery of Science,
Technology and Innovations (STI) for African development, environmental
sustainability and global inclusion. ATPS has over 5000 network members and
3,000 stakeholders in over 51 countries in 5 continents with institutional
partnerships worldwide. We implement our programs through members innational chapters established in 30 countries (27 in Africa and 3 Diaspora
chapters in Australia, United States of America and the United Kingdom). In
collaboration with like-minded institutions, ATPS provides platforms for regional
and international research and knowledge sharing in order to build Africa’s
capabilities in STI policy research, policymaking and implementation forsustainable development.

iii | A d v a n c i n g E c o l o g i c a l O r g a n i c A g r i c u l t u r e i n N i g e r i aAcknowledgement
This policy brief was produced by the African Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS). The ATPS takes this opportunity to thank all the ATPS National Chapter
Coordinators in the study countries, the lead researchers and facilitators who
sacrificed amid the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that this study was
successfully conducted. We also thank the respondents from the study countries
for their inputs. Special thanks go to the Biovision Africa Trust (BvAT) team fortheir support and cooperation throughout this first phase of our project
implementation under the EOA-I. We also thank the Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation (SDC) for providing the funds used for thisresearch.

iv | A d v a n c i n g E c o l o g i c a l O r g a n i c A g r i c u l t u r e i n N i g e r i a

Key Messages
 Nigeria has enacted policies and institutional frameworks, most of which
are not pro-organic agriculture per se but have some aspects that
promote good principles and practices of ecological organic agriculture(EOA).
 Despite the numerous benefits associated with EOA, Nigeria just likemany African countries do not have a stand-alone policy or institutionalframework for EOA development. This has made EOA adoption rate in the
country very sluggish.
 In Nigeria, organic products and inputs certification has been a challenge
especially for the small-scale resource-poor farmers, who are the majority
in the organic agriculture sub-sector. This limits their access to the highend local and international markets.
 There is need for a sustained awareness creation on the benefits of EOA
development in Nigeria. This will change the current narrative where only
few stakeholders are engaged in the practice with little government
supports, poor market outlets at domestic and international fronts andabsence of certification standards.

v|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

1. Introduction
The imminent food and nutritional insecurity crisis in Africa have prompted anincrease in the use of agricultural inputs, and particularly inorganic fertilizers,
pesticides, herbicides and irrigation systems compelled by the increasing humanpopulation and food demand. This has triggered various farming intensification
practices which have negative impacts on soils and biodiversity thereby affecting
crop and animal genetic diversity, which in turn affects human nutrition andwelfare that lead to increased costs for public health and communities’
vulnerability to external shocks. The situation has been aggravated in somecountries with poor and inappropriate technologies, poor governance andinadequate funding for the agriculture sector. This has necessitated a renewed
focus by the African governments and agricultural actors to support andadvocate for ecological organic agriculture (EOA) as a sustainable option.
Nigeria’s agriculture sector is key to feeding its huge human population of over
206 million people as at 2020 (Statista, 2021). Its goal is to strengthen
institutions to respond effectively and efficiently to the needs of the farmers andother participants in rural development for the enhancement of food security,
poverty reduction and increase in agricultural exports. Over the past decade,there has been increasing public concern over nutrition, health and food safetyissues. Consumers perceive high risks that are associated with the consumptionof conventionally grown produce, thus shifting the attention to organic farming
as a source of healthy food and healthy living. Moreover, given the prevailingclimate change-related challenges and coupled with the increasing health andenvironmental concerns, EOA stands out as a viable option to provide healthy
and nutritious foods that have been produced under a sustainable environment.
Although organic agriculture is not fully embraced in Nigeria, it is gaining
momentum as the government among other stakeholders is getting more
involved. However, many people are not yet aware of the potential benefits ofecological organic farming over conventional farming. Additionally, there are nowell-established organic markets in the country thus posing a challenge on the
producers. This is more so because there is no stand-alone policy andinstitutional frameworks that explicitly support EOA in the country.
1|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

It is worth noting that the world’s richest biological resources are in the custodyof farmers and can only be utilized through farming and proper land use
activities. This constitutes the ecologically sound agricultural systems withdiversified crop and livestock genetic biodiversity. Indigenous agricultural
technologies can tap on these resources thus covering all aspects of sustainableagriculture, which forms the foundation for EOA. With the heightening health,nutrition and environmental concerns, there is need to look back and recollect
our ancient ways which are healthy and sustainable. However, there is also needfor a renewed focus on enhancing the productivity of the indigenous
technologies to meet the growing food demand that has been instigated by highhuman population increase as well as reduced productivity due toenvironmental degradation and climate change. To achieve this, proper andfunctional institutions and policy frameworks are necessary to offer the mostneeded support and guidance to this sub-sector.

2. Rationale for EOA in Nigeria
Over the past decade, Nigeria’s agricultural sector has witnessed a remarkablepolicy change aimed at increasing agricultural production and ensuring food andnutritional security for the citizens. However, there has been increasing
concerns on food safety and nutrition issues triggered by human, animal andplant health challenges, as well as the need to protect and conserve theenvironment. This brings a renewed focus to shift from typical conventionalfarming methods to ecologically sound organic farming methods, which
has been advocated by African leaders (Biovision Africa Trust [BvAT], 2015).
Nigeria is also experiencing considerable political reforms aimed at increasing
agricultural productivity. This comes as a realization that the government
cannot achieve sustainable development unless its population is healthy
and well-fed. The agriculture sector remains the main source of livelihood
for most Nigerians providing food, feed, fibre, fun and income. The country
has experienced changes in the macroeconomic environment which
supports the growth of the agriculture sector. This includes the formulationand implementation of new agricultural policies and institutional changes
aimed at supporting and guiding the agricultural activities in the country.
2|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

The wealth of existing indigenous knowledge, favourable climatic conditions andbiomass among other natural resources provides a good environment for EOA
development in Nigeria. The presence of diverse and creative eco-friendly andorganic traditional practices in the country provides a strong foundation for
EOA.
The heightening global concern for food safety and the need to protect theenvironment offers EOA an outstanding chance of becoming a viable solution.
Its focus on ecologically friendly farming practices and avoidance of chemical
inputs make it a preferred choice for adapting and mitigating against climatechange-related challenges. Additionally, the demand both in Nigeria as well as
in the international market for ecological organic products seems to be
increasing, thereby creating a reliable market for the EOA products. The global,
regional and national acceptance and endorsement of the EOA practices alsooffer a good opportunity for its advocacy and promotion. EOA has also attracted
the interest of many development partners thus giving a financing opportunity
to its practitioners.

3. Methodology
This study was conducted using mixed approaches. First, a comprehensive desk
study was conducted where existing literature on all policies, strategies andinstitutional frameworks relevant to EOA in Nigeria were reviewed. Secondly,
Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with the identified EOA
stakeholders at the national level targeting policymakers, researchers, nongovernmental bodies, private sector, traders and individual actors among
others. Finally, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with selectedstakeholders to triangulate issues around EOA-related policies, strategies andinstitutional frameworks in the country.

3|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

4. Key Findings
Nigeria is yet to develop its potential in terms of organic agriculture, eventhough it is an agrarian country with a track record of being world leading
producer of some crops at one time or the other. Organic agriculture in an
organized manner is still young in the country (Global Agriculture Information
Network, GAIN Report, 2014). As at 2018, organic agricultural land in Nigeria
increased to 52,421 ha with only 102 registered producers (Willer and Willer,2018). The practitioners are mostly a few farmers and some non-governmentalorganizations, such as the Association of Organic Agriculture Practitionersof Nigeria (formerly the Nigerian Organic Agriculture Network) (NOAN).
Noteworthy, the sub-sector is faced with many constraints, including lack oftechnical know-how, delays in acceptance of Nigeria organic products in theworld market, low level of organic certification, poor institutional support by thegovernment, and inadequate government policies to safeguard organic farming.
Most of the EOA relevant policies and strategies recognize some aspects of EOA
such as ecology and biodiversity conservation, which are mainly environmental
aspects.
4.1 Relevant National Policies, Strategies, Plans and Programmes that support
EOA development in Nigeria
Some of the policies, strategies and plans that contribute to the development of
EOA subsector in Nigeria include:a) Nigerian Vision 20: 2020 (NV20: 2020): Prepared in 2009, the NV 20:2020
does not explicitly support organic agricultural practices, instead, it
guarantees food security to Nigerians by supporting initiatives to protect
long-term use of farmlands and the establishment of clear property rights.
It also supports agricultural research and promotes greater
dissemination/ adoption of appropriate agricultural technologies.
b) The Agriculture Promotion Policy (APP) of 2016: The policy was createdunder the administration of President in 2016, to cure two economic
issues; first, the shortage of food for local consumption, thus necessitating
importation, and second the meagre foreign exchange earned from the
4|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

export of agriculture produce which includes organically produced
products.
c) Agriculture Sector Food Security and Nutrition Strategy (2015-2025): In
2015 the Government of Nigeria unveiled a ten-year food security andnutrition strategy for the agriculture sector. The strategy, which spansfrom 2015 to 2025, includes nutrition-sensitive interventions inagriculture, social protection and education and the provision of locallyprocessed nutritious foods to children, pregnant and lactating women andgirls (PLWG). However, this strategy has no explicit support for ecologicalorganic agriculture but instead focuses on improving food and nutrition
security in general.
d) Nigeria Zero Hunger Strategic Review of 2017: The Strategy articulates
what Nigeria needs to do to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2(SDG2) that seeks to end hunger, achieve food security and improve
nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. The multistakeholder zero hunger strategic review confirms Nigeria’s commitment
to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and recommends
actions to end hunger and malnutrition in Nigeria by 2030 through foodself-sufficiency, improved agricultural production, better youth
employment and gender and nutrition mainstreaming. It recommends
modernization of agriculture and more sustainable management ofagricultural resources which is key to achieving zero hunger. These
include production inputs such as mineral and organic fertilizers, soil
conditioners, Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) and Integrated
Pest Management (IPM) among others across all commodity value chains,
thus supporting ecological organic agriculture.
e) National Policy on Environment of 1991 and revised in 1999: The policy
defines a new and holistic framework for guiding the management of theenvironment and natural resources in the country. It prescribes intra andcross-sectoral strategic policy statements and actions for the
management of the country’s environment and resources for sustainable
development. Moreover, it recognizes that the viability or otherwise of
5|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

the agricultural sector is crucial to the growth and development of anation.
f) Agricultural Policy for Nigeria of 2018: The Policy aims to provide alasting solution to the country’s intrinsic agricultural challenges andspecifically food insecurity. The policy offers a multi-sectoral approach bygiving policy recommendations and strategies to improve the productivity
and income generation from the sector. The policy also strives for
effective and efficient utilization of agricultural by-products, such as crops
and fish by-products and wastes into valuable and other utilizableproducts such as bone meal, fish meal, fish oil and so on to promote
environmental sanitation and prevention of environmental pollution. The
policy also encourages the use of local raw materials for fertilizer
production as organic fertilizers by farmers.
4.2 Institutional Framework for EOA development in Nigeria
The Nigerian agricultural sector has multiple stakeholders drawn from thegovernment, private sector, Non-governmental organizations, farmer groups
and cooperatives and individual actors. They form a complex stakeholder
network with a large number of direct and indirect relationships and linkages.
These stakeholder networks are the ones that should be actively involved in EOA
policy development and programme implementation. The Association ofOrganic Agriculture Practitioners of Nigeria (NOAN) is the lead organization for
EOA development in Nigeria and acts as the umbrella body for all otherstakeholders in the country. Membership is drawn from farmers, scientists,
processors, exporters, individuals, institutions, NGOs and organizations that are
key players in the organic agriculture sector in Nigeria. NOAN also serves as alink between organic agriculture stakeholders in Nigeria and international
bodies interested in organic agriculture. These actors have different levels of
power and influence with regards to EOA development in Nigeria.
Although there has been undoubted effort to promote EOA in Nigeria, its fullpotential has not been realized yet. This is due to some factors that limit its full
implementation. For instance, the Nigerian EOA sub-sector has many actors,
whose linkage has not been strong enough thus limiting implementation
6|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

especially with respect to the flow of information, transfer of technology andcoordination along the value chain. Even though many policies and institutionalframeworks are supporting the agriculture sector, very few are in support of
EOA practices. In addition, the technical capacity to support thecommercialization of EOA is still wanting. The level of infrastructure is poor
especially for post-harvest handling, thus limiting their shelf-life compared tothe products from conventional agriculture where chemical preservatives canbe used. There are no well-established markets for ecologically produced
organic products, thus limiting their access and incomes for the producers.
Moreover, many people are not aware of it, implying that the skilled labour force
is inadequate.
At the Federal level, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development(FMARD) is responsible for the development, review and implementation ofpolicies for agricultural development dealing with crops, livestock, fisheries, andforestry and, until of late environment. The Ministry’s objective is to improve
agricultural production and, in turn, enhance national food security and alleviate
rural poverty. It provides technical support, production infrastructure, andsupplies inputs to promote the adoption of productivity-enhancing techniques
and technologies. The FMARD regulates agricultural research, agriculture andnatural resources, forestry and veterinary research throughout Nigeria. It is
responsible for developing the agriculture sector of the Nigerian economy,
driving income growth, accelerating food and nutrition security, generating
employment and transforming Nigeria into a leading global food market and net
exporter, through the commodity value chain concept of the Agricultural
Transformation Agenda (ATA).
Under the FMARD there is the Federal Department of Fertilizer (FDF) which is
responsible for: Market stabilization through the introduction of measures toenhance fertilizer market stability, Quality control and monitoring for organicand inorganic fertilizer, Monitoring of fertilizer use by farmers and industries,
Conducting of tests and trials on new fertilizer technologies and products togenerate information for fertilizer recommendations and development, andpromotion of the use of organic fertilizers. Other actors include the Federationof Agricultural Commodity Association of Nigeria (FACAN) and the Farmers
7|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

Development Union (FADU) which represent Farmers/Producer organizations
involved in the production of organic inputs, its assessment and distribution. In
terms of conducting research, training and extension on organic agriculture,
several institutions are involved such as the Oyo State College of Agriculture andTechnology, National Horticultural Research Institute, Forestry ResearchInstitute of Nigeria, Ambrose Alli University and Osun State University among
many others. The private sector has recently started being attracted to thesubsector because of the immense business opportunity therein but theirinvolvement is still very low (Mgbenka et al., 2015).

5. Conclusion
This policy brief provides insights into the policy and institutional frameworks of
EOA development in Nigeria. It highlights some of the policies, strategies andplans that have been put in place by the government to enhance EOA subsector
to increase food productivity, enhance incomes of farmers as well as ensure
food safety while addressing environmental concerns. The findings of the study
reveal that there are no policies, strategies or plans that directly support EOA in
Nigeria but some of the institutions that support conventional agriculture havebeen established to also address aspects of EOA development in the country.
For instance, the public and private research organizations and institutions
continue to conduct research on EOA good practices and technologies. These
institutions and organizations are however very few in number and not wellmotivated. There are not enough established organic produce markets hence
the disposal of organic produce is still one of the limiting factors to EOA
development in Nigeria. There are few stakeholders involved in capacity
building, production, research and dissemination of information on EOA as there
are many constraints that militate against the growth and development of thesubsector. There is need for policy review especially in the agriculture sector toensure strong inclusion of EOA friendly statements in order to support its growth
to match that of conventional agriculture. It is also important that theengagement of all stakeholders in the subsector is encouraged so as to bridge
the existing gaps in information flow, capacity building, awareness creation, andcertification as well as funding research and extension services to promote thepractices.
8|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

6. Policy Recommendations
The growth and sustainability of EOA in Nigeria are dependent on many factors,
both endogenous (such as policy changes, technological progress, innovation,
human resource etc.) and exogenous (such as weather conditions, politicalinstability etc). Therefore, the government in collaboration with otherstakeholders should exercise their powers and execute their mandate to ensure
successful development and implementation of EOA, which is promising given
the rich natural resource base of the country and the growing demand for the
products. For its success and sustainability, the following policy and institutional
recommendations are proffered:
Recommendation 1: Review current agricultural policies and programmes tomainstream EOA
To promote EOA development and to make it competitive, the government
should review its current policies and programmes and remove disincentives toorganic agriculture, such as subsidies on agro-chemicals and instead incentivise
and promote the supply of organic inputs to farmers. This is because many
policies are pro-conventional farming as a way to increase farm productivity andhave no specific concern for ecological organic agriculture.
Enactment of new laws and regulations is required to achieve themainstreaming agenda such as the National EOA Implementation bill which will
ensure that EOA practices are recognized and guided by the law and other policy
instruments such as sanctions and incentives as the case may be. Additionally,
there is need for an elaborate and supportive institutional framework that willoversee proper implementation of organic and eco-friendly practices in the
country.
Recommendation 2: Mainstream EOA into the educational curricula
As part of a sustained capacity building approach for EOA development, there isneed to develop new curricula on EOA at the different educational levels in the
country – primary, secondary and higher education. For instance, introducing afull course or department on EOA in institutions of higher learning will go a long
way to instil the principles and practices of EOA into the consciousness of youth
and could spur some technological developments and innovation in the
9|Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria

subsector. Moreover, more research and training are required to unveil new andrelevant eco-friendly organic practices specific to various parts of the country.
This may require the formation of new institutions and linkages to promote EOA
development.
Involvement of the private sector in promoting EOA through agribusiness, theestablishment of organic fertilizer plants, agricultural commodity storage,
processing and marketing, agricultural input supply and distribution is crucial.
This will give it a holistic and inclusive dimension for its development. This will
also attract foreign funding and investors thus spurring the growth of the EOA
sub-sector.
Recommendation 3: Increase budgetary allocation for EOA research andincrease incentives for organic farmers
The government should increase its budgetary allocation specifically to EOA
activities. More public expenditures should be directed towards increasing
research and development on EOA in the country. This will unveil newtechnologies and opportunities in the sub-sector that will increase theproductivity and returns from EOA, hence making it a profitable venture to the
local population. This is because many EOA farmers currently rely on traditional
knowledge which limits their agricultural productivity.
The government should consider incentivizing organic farmers, which will
increase the adoption rate of organic farming practices in the country. This may
include offers like tax relief on organic products and the establishment of free
trade fairs and exhibitions where stakeholders can exchange information andideas on ecological organic farming. Subsidizing organic inputs will also makethem affordable to everyone hence increasing the adoption of EOA practices.
Recommendation 4: Increased sensitization, market access and certification of
EOA and its products
Regular sensitization and awareness creation on the numerous benefits of EOA
especially on health, finance and environment is required. It should emphasize
its contributions in mitigating climate change impacts. Such awareness creationand sensitization can be achieved through EOA television programmes, radio
10 | A d v a n c i n g E c o l o g i c a l O r g a n i c A g r i c u l t u r e i n N i g e r i ajingles, newspaper publications and posters among others. This will increase
public awareness on EOA over the prevalent conventional farming and maytrigger strong and functional stakeholder linkages along the value chains forproper flow and exchange of information on production, marketing andutilization. It is also paramount to train the government extension personnel on
the new EOA technologies to enable them to demonstrate and educate thefarmers accordingly. This should target more on the youth and women since
they are more involved in agricultural activities in the country.
There is no government approved certifying body yet to regulate and ensurecompliance with Organic Production system. However, NOAN is sensitizing the
Nigerian Government to produce policy on Organic Agriculture and Standards
Organization of Nigeria (SON) to facilitate establishment of National OrganicStandards. To improve market access for EOA products, there is need toestablish a well-organized market for local and international outlets. The Nigeria
market is a priced market which does not support premium price for organic
produces as such farmers income cannot appreciate to compensate for the
much labour required in organic farming. There should be organized standard
sales outlets for organic products to bring producers closer to potential buyers
and consumers who should be well informed on the health values of organic
through advertisement and other means. The FMARD should provide
accreditation that authorizes private or government certifying agents. Once theorganic products standards are assured in the country, there is high propensity
for domestic and international markets for organic products from Nigeria which
will earn a lot of income for the producers and increase the contributionsof agriculture to the country’s GDP.

11 | A d v a n c i n g E c o l o g i c a l O r g a n i c A g r i c u l t u r e i n N i g e r i aReferences
Biovision Africa Trust, [BvAT] (2015). The Ecological Organic Agriculture (EOA) Initiativein Africa Action Plan 2015-2020. Biovision Africa Trust.
Global Agriculture Information Network, [GAIN Report] (2014). Organic
AgricultureinNigeria.
Available
onlineat:https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/report/downloadreportbyfi
lename?filename=Organic%20Agriculture%20in%20Nigeria_Lagos_Nig
eria_6-5-2014.pdf
Mgbenka R. N, E.A. Onwubuya and C.I. Ezeano (2015). Organic Farming in
Nigeria: Need for Popularization and Policy. World Journal of
Agricultural Sciences 11 (6): 346-355, ISSN 1817-3047. DOI:
10.5829/idosi.wjas.2015.11.6.1885
Statista (2021). Population of Nigeria in selected years between 1950 and 2020.
at:
Available
onlinehttps://www.statista.com/statistics/1122838/population-of-nigeria/
Willer, H. and J. Willer, (2018). The world of organic agriculture-statistics andemerging trends 2018. Research Institute Organic Agriculture (FiBL) andInternational Federation of Organic Agriculture (IFOAM), Frick,
Switzerland.

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ATPS Technopolicy Brief Series• Policy and Institutional Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in
Rwanda (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 55)• Bridging Climate Information Gaps to Strengthen Capacities for
Climate Informed Decision (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 54)• Embracing Open Contracting in Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No.53)• The Digital Revolution, Open Science, and Innovation for OpenScience Development in sub-Saharan Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No.
52)• Nouvelles approaches de financement de la recherché et de L’innovationen Afrique (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 51)• New Approaches for Funding Research and Innovation in Africa(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 50)• Towards Effective Public-Private Partnerships in Research and Innovation:
A perspective for African Science Granting Councils (ATPS TechnoPolicy
Brief No. 49)• Innovative Practices and Policies for Promoting Biodiversity Informatics in
Sub Saharan Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 48)• Improving the Relevance of University Training to Labour Market
Demands in Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No.47)• Developing Policies for Biodiversity Informatics in sub-SaharanAfrica (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 46)• ICTs role in Agricultural Development: Prospects of Land Potential
Knowledge System (LandPKS) (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 45)• Mainstreaming Gender in the National Science, Technology andInnovation (STI) Policy of Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 44)• Social Innovation: An untapped Resource for Inclusive Green
Growth (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 43)• Policy Axes that can uphold Agricultural Innovations for Climate Change
Adaptation & Food Security in Central Africa: Case of Cameroon,
Equatorial Guinea and Central African Republic (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief
No. 42)
13 | A d v a n c i n g E c o l o g i c a l O r g a n i c A g r i c u l t u r e i n N i g e r i a• Frameworks for Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge
in Tanzania (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 41)• Assessment of Possible Intellectual Property Protection Options of
Traditional Knowledge System in Ethiopia (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief
No. 40)• Towards influencing National Legislation, Policies, Strategies andProgrammes for appropriate Protection and Benefit-Sharing of Traditional
Knowledge (TK) with and by Traditional Herbalists in Uganda. (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No 39)• Traditional Healers and their provision of Mental Health Services in
Cosmopolitan Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. (ATPS TechnoPolicy
Brief No. 38)• Policy Implications for Intellectual Property Systems for Traditional
Healers in Lesotho. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 37)• Incidence of Indigenous and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation
Practices for Smallholder Framers’ Livelihood Security in Chikhwawa
District, Southern Malawi. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No.36)• Machobane Farming System and its Relevance to Climate Change Policyin Lesotho. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 35)

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The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
is a transdisciplinary network of researchers,
policymakers, private sector actors and the civil society
promoting the generation, dissemination, use andmastery of Science, Technology and Innovations (STI)
for African development, environmental sustainability
and global inclusion. In collaboration with like-minded
institutions, ATPS provides platforms for regional andinternational research and knowledge sharing in orderto build Africa’s capabilities in STI policy research,
policymaking and implementation for sustainable
development.

African Technology Policy
Studies Network (ATPS)
Contact Executive Director:
executivedirector@atpsnet.org
8th Floor Chancery Building,Valley Road
P. O. Box 10081-00100, Nairobi
Tel: +254 (020) 2714092
www.atpsnet.org

Science Technology and Innovation
for African Development
ISBN: 978-9966-124-84-5