Element Strategy Initiative Advisory Council 2019
December 13, 14, 2019

Particle beam facility
J-PARC MLF
Toshiji Kanaya
J-PARC MLF
1

Neutrio Experimental Facility
Materials & Life
Science Experimental
Facility (MLF)

Hadron Experimental Facilty 2

Neutron Instruments at MLF
Operation

Operation

Operation

Operation

Operation

NOBORU (JAEA)SHRPD(KEK)

VIN_ROSE(KEK, Kyoto Univ.)SPICA(NEDO, KEK)

Operation

ANNRI(Tokyo Tech. U.,
JAEA,,Hokkaido U.)

Operation: 21 (April, 2019)

Operation
OperationiBIX(Ibraki Pref.)

NOP(KEK)
PLANET (JAEA, U. of Tokyo)
HRC (KEK)

23 Neutron Beam Ports

Operation

VIN-ROSE (NSE): opened tousers @2017B

Operation
DNA (JAEA)
Operation

Operation

4SEASONS(JAEA)

AMATERAS(JAEA)

Operation
POLANO(Tohoku Univ,, KEK)

OperationRADEN(JAEA)
TAIKAN(JAEA)

OperationNOVA(NEDO, KEK)

Operation
Operation

SOFIA (KEK)

Operation

SHARAKU(JAEA)

Operation

Operation

Opened to users @2019A

OperationSENJU (JAEA)

POLANO(Polarization
Analysis Spect.)

TAKUMI (JAEA)

iMATERIA(Ibraki Pref..)

4 Muon beam lines
S-line µ+
Slow beam （4 MeV）,
dedicated to bulk
µSR ultralow temperature/highmagnetic field/pulsed excitations.
(S1:2016~)+µU-line

Ultra slow beam （0.1〜 30 keV）, nearsurface, sub-micronscale condensed
matter physics,chemistry, etc.

H-lineµ±

Slow（4 MeV）〜fast（50 MeV）beam, forparticle physics,
atomic physics(“precision frontier”)

D-lineµ±

Slow（4 MeV）〜
fast（50 MeV）,general-purpose
beamline with 2
exp. areas.
(2009~)

Focusing Science Areas in MLF

Based on characteristic features of neutron and muon
• Hard Matter– Neutron has spin=1/2• Liquid and Soft Matter– Neutron can distinguish isotopes (H, D)• Energy Material– Neutron is sensitive to light elements (H, Li, ,,,)• Engineering Material– Neutron has deep penetration property• Muon Science– Muon is inherently polarizedLife Science
High pressure science
Industrial Application

Fe-based superconducting material LaFeAsO1-xHx
using multi-probe analysis
Discovery of a new magnetic phase (AF2) and its contrasting properties to the original one (AF1)magnetic structure(neutron)

Structural and magnetic phase
diagram of LaFeAsO1-xHx

Professor H. Hosono
ITES, ITI

magnetic phase diagram(muon)

Hydrogen-induced SCcarrier doping ==
Crystal structure(X-ray)

Nature Physics
10, 300 (2014).

Role of Hydrogen in Electronic Materials Inferred by Muon
FeS2(pyrite）

ZF/LF 3.5 K@MUSE

Muon = Pseudo-hydrogen

Issue: Is H electrically active in FeS2 ? H. Okabe et al., Phys. Rev. B 98, 075210 (2018).
MuB0

εµ1<1 meVσ∗yieldz

εµ2~3.5 meVCBσ∗z

Mu+/S-S bond break

3:1

MuA+/−

1s

TF=6 T@TRIUMF kBT>εX（高温）MuA+/−MuB*

InGaZnO (IGZO)

Mu[Featured by APS Blog]→ Radical-A＋SMu−S1sFeMu
σzMuBσzMuA

Mu+Fe-S bond break→ Radical B＋SMu−

Answer: Yes, two different
Mu states bound to sulfur,
VB serving as donors.

Issue: What is the role of H for the in-gap states of IGZO?
ZF/LF 3.5 K@MUSE

K. M. Kojima et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, 122104(2019).[Editors pick]Answer: Shallow donor atZnO bond center, or [H Mu]2−
Mu site was estimated by nuclear dipolar field Δ and DFT calc. complex in O vacancy.

Engineering Materials
constructed in 1887 – 1889height ３２４m
７３００ t (wrought iron!)160~220N/mm20.05~0.25wt%C

1９５７ – 1９５８
height ３３３m
４０００ t (steel)
２４０N/mm2
0.3~2wt%C

２００８ – ２０１２
height ６３４m

３２０００ t４００N/mm2
７００N/mm2 (gain tower)
Mn, Ni, Mo addition ~0.1%C

Steel is still developing in strength

Development of high performance steel (TRIP, TWIP...)
Strength and Ductility - microstructure control
Control of crystal grain structure during the processing is a key toobtain the high performance.

Professor T. Tanaka(ESISM, Kyoto Univ.)

Thermo-Mechanical Processing Simulator (Thermec-Master) into TAKUMI (BL19)(The Elements Strategy Initiative)
TAKUMIBL19• High-frequency induction heating& servo motor driving• Gas (N2, He) injection cooling• Highest temp: 1200 C• Heating/cooling rate ≤ 30C/s• Deformation rate ≤ 100 mm/s, 30 kN(compression)

Ferrite transformation isaccelerated by hotcompression -> Dynamictransformation

Yoshihiko Nakamura et al., submitted to Special Issue by The Mineral, Metals & Materials Soc.

Magnetic Imaging @ RADEN

The world's 1st demonstration of visualizing magnetic field of a working motor.
Collaboration with Hitachi Ltd.
RADEN results are used toimprove simulation technology
to design higher performance
motors.

国内電力消費割合（総電力1兆kwh)
PowerConsumption in Japan

その他
Others19%

ヒーター
Heaters
10%

57%
照明Lightings
14%

Supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research
Coordinated Development Program by MEXT (2013-2018)

Motorsモーター

2005

Motors consume more than 50% of total electric power in Japan

Research & Development Initiative of New Generation
Batteries
SPICA (BL09) is a dedicated machine
to the project for battery research
Real-time observations of lithium battery
reactions during the charging and discharging
processScientific Reports 6, Article number: 28843 (2016)

SPICA (BL09)

Special sampleenvironment

In operando
measurement
widecoexistentarea

Development of all-solid ceramic buttery based on
new super ionic conductor

Energy materials

New Generation
Material Family

Single crystal β-alumina(NaAl11O17)

Log [Ion conductivity (S/cm)]

β-alumina(NaAl11O17)

Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3

LGPS-family
Organic solvent electrolyte
Li9.6P3S12

Second Generation
MaterialFamily
Li7La3Zr2O12

Tokyo Inst. Tech, KEK, TOYOTA, Ibaraki Pref.

Neutron diffraction have revealed thediffusion path of ions, which is a key fordevelopment of new buttery materials.

Super Ionic Conductor
discovered in 2011

Super Ionic Conductor
discovered in 2016

3D diffusion path

1D diffusion path

First Generation
Material Family
Li2MCl4

Polymer Conductor
LI3.3PO3.9N0.17

2020

Li10GeP2S12Nature Materials (2011)
450citations for 4 years

Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3
Nature Energy (2016)

Newspaper (Tokyo Newspaper (7/25), Chunichi News Paper (7/28))
TOYOTA will load all-solid buttery into Electric Vehicle in 2022

Functional Materials

Natture 567, 506 (2019)

Colossal barocaloric effects in plastic crystals
Candidate for new solid-state refrigerant (coolant)

heatdeposition

plastic crystal: neopentylglycol (NPG)
 NPG shows colossal entropy changes by smallpressures Colossal barocaloric effect materials can change
refrigeration

Compress
Decompress
BCE material

refrigeration

25~30% of electricity
consumption is for refrigeration

quasielastic scattering drasticallysuppressed by pressure

Microscopic mechanism of colossal entropy changes
Combining MDA calculations, quasielastic neutron scattering experiments underpressures reveled that colossal entropy changes in NPG caused by change ofdisordering motion in NPG molecules, which is suppressed by even relatively
small pressures.
MDA calculations

Compress

NPG molecule
Decompress

Thank you for your kind attention

NeutronMuon14