September 24, 2009

Dear President Obama,
As you prepare to host the G20 Summit in Pittsburgh, we write to you with great urgency andconcern regarding what we see as a current lack of U.S. leadership in solving the climate crisis.
Last November, you stated, “Any nation that’s willing to join the cause of combating climatechange will have an ally in the United States of America.” We call on you now to honor thatcommitment. We urge your leadership in setting a vastly higher level of ambition for the UnitedStates’ contribution to both emission cuts and a package of finance and technology fordeveloping countries. Without these commitments, a successful outcome at the United Nations
climate conference in Copenhagen in December is not possible.
At the first United Nations climate conference of 2009 in Bonn, Germany, the world applauded
the U.S. for its re-engagement in climate discussions. But leadership goes far beyond
engagement, and given what the U.S. climate negotiating team has put forward since, the U.S. isbecoming a stumbling block in the negotiations.
The need for adequate and just proposals
As the world’s largest historical greenhouse gas polluter, the United States’ proposal of zero
percent reductions below 1990 levels by 2020 is environmentally unsound and entirely unjust. So
too is the House of Representatives’ American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009, with its
target of one to four percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and provisions allowing 2 billion tons ofoffsets to be used. Even this incredibly weak target is unlikely to be met because of legislativeloopholes. If all available offsets are used, U.S. emissions from capped sources could rise until
2029. The Senate climate bill may be weaker. This is too little, too late. Many countries are
calling on developed nations to reduce emissions by at least 40 percent below 1990 by 2020,drawing on the latest science and principles of responsibility and equity. They are right to do so– the world’s largest historical polluter cannot continue to increase its domestic emissions while
asking the rest of the world, including poor countries, to peak and reduce theirs.
Proposals by the United States and other G8 countries for a global goal of limiting temperature
increase to 2°C, and for a 50 percent global emission reduction by 2050, are also inadequate.
Allowing the Earth to warm by up to 2°C threatens catastrophic consequences, and a 50 percent
global emission reduction offers a low probability of achieving even this weak goal. Moreover,the G8’s proposed 80 percent cut by the developed countries leaves developing countries with an
unfair share of the burden of stabilizing temperatures, leading many countries to express concern
over the G8’s role and proposals.
Climate equity and the global carbon budget
A successful agreement in Copenhagen must be based on a fairer approach. Developed countries
represent less than one-fifth of the world’s population but have emitted three-quarters of all
historical carbon-dioxide emissions from fossil fuels. These historical emissions have built up inthe atmosphere and are a main cause of current warming. They have committed the Earth toconsiderable warming in future.
Measured on a per-person basis, the United States’ historical emissions are more than 15 times
those of China, more than 40 times those of India, and 150-fold those of Kenya. The UnitedStates’ annual emissions currently exceed 20 tonnes per person – nearly five times those ofChinese, more than 15 times those of Indians, and more than 60 times those of Kenyans.1 If
emissions from products produced abroad but consumed in the United States are included, itsemissions are higher still – over 30 tonnes per person.
Wealthy countries have consumed far more than their fair share of the Earth’s atmospheric spaceand now enjoy the spoils of two hundred years of carbon-intensive development. Developing
countries worldwide – which are already struggling to provide adequate healthcare, educationand other essential services for their populations – must now develop under the twin burdens of
the rising costs of both mitigation and adaptation to an escalating climate crisis. Developedcountries faced no such constraints.
Each day people in developing countries are suffering the effects of a climate crisis they played
little role in causing. Economic losses due to climate change today amount to more than $125
billion a year — more than all the present world aid.2 The global cost of addressing climatechange in developing countries has recently been estimated at between $500 billion and $600billion.3 Developed countries – including the United States – must accept responsibility for theeffects of their historical emissions, and their current excessive consumption of the Earth’s
atmospheric space, as part of any successful agreement.
Stronger targets and increased financing are needed
Utilization of only current emissions as the basis for future emissions allocations ignores both
wealthy nations’ historical responsibility and their greater capacity to act. We now know theworld’s carbon budget is limited and shrinking daily. The United States and other developed
countries are seeking a disproportionate share of the Earth’s remaining environmental space,
unfairly curtailing what is available to developing countries. Nor do they propose compensating
developing countries for this over-use. By ignoring their historic responsibility, the wealthy
countries in effect sentence developing countries – all too often devoid of energy services andvital infrastructure development – to continued poverty.
Moreover, the United States has put forward woefully inadequate finance proposals fordeveloping countries for adaptation and mitigation. The United States’ continued emphasis on
the private sector - which will do little to support adaptation and the most vulnerable
communities - and insistence on the use of existing multilateral institutions such as the WorldBank and the Global Environment Facility are unhelpful and demonstrate an unwillingness tounderstand the perspectives and experiences of developing countries. The monetary amounts
1

Figures from WRI "Climate Analysis Indicators Tool" -- cait.wri.org
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/may/29/1
3
http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/28/the-cost-of-adapting-to-climate-change/2

discussed are magnitudes too low. Further, U.S. negotiators have signaled their intention todouble count payments for offset credits as a large part of the U.S. obligation to provide financial
resources to developing countries. This is unacceptable. If the United States is to play a positive
leadership role, the world expects to see substantial public finance for adaptation and mitigation,
as requested by many developing countries. The G20’s London pledge of $850 billion for theIMF shows how it can mobilize resources when it perceives a planetary emergency; climatechange deserves no less. The world expects credible public financing proposals from G20
finance ministers.
The current US position undermines the viability of a global agreement
We look to you to hold your nation accountable for its disproportionate contribution to thecauses and consequences of climate change. But the targets and financing proposals put forth byyour negotiating team puts at risk the prospects of any viable solution to climate change and,correspondingly, the safety of all nations, peoples, and indeed the planet. We do not have theluxury of time to hold out for goals in 2050. We need drastic greenhouse gas reductions,financing and technology cooperation now, if not yesterday.
We look back to the wisdom revealed in your inauguration speech and hope you will honor yourown forward-thinking words, “And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say
we can no longer afford indifference to the suffering outside our borders, nor can we consume
the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must changewith it.”
The world has great expectations for the United States under your leadership, Mr. President, andas we move quickly towards Copenhagen, we ask that you lead a race to the top, not a race to thebottom.
Sincerely,

International Organizations
350.org
Friends of the Earth International
ActionAid International
Global Anti-Incinerator Alliance (GAIA)
Global Forest Coalition
HELIO International
International Indian Treaty Council
Jubilee South
Third World Network

North American Groups
Carolinas Clean Air Coalition – U.S.
Center for Coalfield Justice – U.S.
Citizens Environmental Coalition – NewYork – U.S.
Citizens for Clean Power – Delaware – U.S.
Citizens’ Action Coalition – Indiana – U.S.
Civil Society Institute – Massachusetts –U.S.
CLEAN – U.S.
Clean Power Now – Massachusetts – U.S.

Columban Center for Advocacy andOutreach – U.S.
Comité Pro Niñez Dominico-Haitiana –Puerto Rico
Corporate Ethics International – U.S.
Direct Action to Stop War – U.S.
Down to Earth, International Campaign for
Ecological Justice in Indonesia – U.S.
EcoEquity – U.S.
EcoLaw/Massachusetts – U.S.
Environmental Investigation Agency – U.S.
Finger Lakes Zero Waste Coalition – U.S.
Friends Committee on National Legislation– U.S.
Friends of the Earth U.S.
Global Community Monitor – U.S.
Global Exchange – U.S.
Green Delaware – U.S.
Greenpeace USA
Grito de las/os Excluidas/os de Puerto Rico
Indigenous Environmental Network – U.S.
Institute for Social Ecology – U.S.
International Accountability Project – U.S.
International Forum on Globalization – U.S.
International Rivers – U.S.
Jubilee USA Network – U.S.
Justice In Nigeria Now – U.S.
Leadership Conference of Women Religious– U.S.
Massachusetts Power Shift – U.S.
New York Climate Action Group – U.S.
North Carolina Waste Awareness andReduction Network (NC WARN) – U.S.
Oil Change International – U.S.
Polaris Institute - CanadaProyecto Caribeño de Justicia y Paz – Puerto
Rico
Public Citizen – U.S.
Rainforest Action Network – U.S.
Sustainable Energy & Economy Network –U.S.
SustainUS
The Edmonds Institute – U.S.
The Enviro Show WXOJ-LP/WMCB – U.S.
U.S. Bangladesh Advisory Council

Vermonters for a Sustainable Population –Vermont – U.S.
West Papua Action Network (WPAN-US)
West Papua Advocacy Team – U.S.
AfricaCentre for Environment and Development Cameroon
citizens for justice-(CFJ) / Friends of theEarth Malawi
Friends of the Earth Sierra Leone
South Durban Community Environmental
Alliance - South Africa
Sustainable Development Institute - Liberia
Uganda Network on Toxic Free Malaria
Control (UNETMAC) - Uganda
Worldview-The Gambia
Asia Pacific450ppm Dont let it get to that - Australia
ActionAid India
Akar Foundation - Indonesia
Aktivis LSM di Solo- Indonesia
Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara(AMAN) - Indonesia
Bali Collaboration on Climate Change Indonesia
Bharat Jan Vigyan Jatha (India People'sScience Platform) - India
Bharatiya Krishak Samaj - India
Bureau on Human Rights and Rule of Law Kyrgyz RepublicCenter For Development Programs of theCordillera (CDPC) - Philippines
Centre for Environmental Justice - Sri Lanka
Climate Action Newtown - Australia
Climate Change Balmain-Rozelle - Australia
EQUATIONS - India
Equity and Justice Working Group
Bangladesh
Friends of the Earth Australia
Friends of the Earth Japan
Globalization Monitor - Hong Kong
Groundwork for Indonesian Socio
Ecological Progress (GORESS) - Indonesia

Himalayan and Peninsular Hydro-Ecological
Network-HYPHEN - Nepal
Institute for Essential Services Reform Indonesia
JS - Asia/Pacific Movement on Debt andDevelopment (JSAPMDD)
Kelompok Studi dan Pengembangan
Prakarsa Masyarakat (KSPPM) - Indonesia
LIVE - Locals Into Victoria’s Environment Australia
Nadi Ghati Morcha - India
Nepal Policy Institute – NPI
NGO Forum on the ADB - Philippines
Pacific Indigenous Peoples Environment
Coalition (PIPEC)
Partners With Melanesians - Papua NewGuinea
Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement(PRRM)
ProPublic/Friends of the Earth Nepal
Pusat Telaah Dan Informasi Regional(PATTIRO) - Indonesia
Science for Society - India
Taiwan Environmental Protection Union
Tebtebba (Indigenous Peoples International
Centre for Policy Research and Education) Philippines
Urban Research Centre - India
VOICE/Bangladesh
Water and Energy Users' Federation-Nepal(WAFED)
Yarra Climate Action Now - Australia
Yayasan Pusaka - Indonesia
Yayasan Tananua Flores - Indonesia
EuropeAmigos de la Tierra Espana - Spain
Bretton Woods Project - UK
Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz
Deutschland e.V. (BUND) - Friends of theEarth Germany
Campagna per la Riforma della Banca
Mondiale - Italy
Carlisle Countdown to Copenhagen - UK
Christian Aid - UK

Concerned Citizens against Climate Change- Netherlands
FERN - UK
Friends of the Earth England, Wales andNorthern Ireland
Friends of the Earth Europe
Friends of the Earth Flanders and Brussels Belgium
GLOBAL 2000 / Friends of the EarthAustria
Grian - Ireland
Klimataktion – Sweden
Milieudefensie - Friends of the EarthNetherlands
Moluccan Human Rights Organization"Maluku Masa Depan" - Netherlands
NOAH Friends of the Earth Denmark
Pro Natura – Friends of the Earth
Switzerland
Rainforest Foundation UK
Latin America and the Caribbean
Bloque Popular - Honduras
Jubileo Sur/Américas
Latin America CAN Regional NodeCANLA