Mangrove-based interventions for coastal
protection in Viet Nam:
Sharing lessons and experiences
Presenter: Dr. Nguyen Thuy My Linh
Deputy Head of Environment and Climate Change Faculty
Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Environment (RIFEE)
Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences (VAFS)

Photo: Xuan Thuy NP

International Seminar: Protecting Coastal Areas withForests: Toward the Development of Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation Technology------------26 Jan 2022

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Mangrove-based interventions for coastal protection in Viet Nam:
Sharing lessons and experiences

An overview of the context in Viet Nam(Natural risks and damages in the coastal area, mangrove distribution)

OutlineMangrove-based interventions(Specific models or initiatives)

Sharing lessons learned & experiences2An overview

Lessons & Experiences

Interventions

Natural risks & damages at the coastal area
Flooding by sea level rise

100cm sea level rise scenario

Quang Ninh & Red River (13.20%)
24-28 cmCuu Long Delta (47.29%)
9%56-77 cm

Wave height

Sea level
2050

2100

Strong storms
Source: MONRE (2021)

Ho Chi Minh City (4.84%)3

An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences
Change in coastline in Ca Mau

Coastline erosion

Lap, N.V et al. (2012)https://satlov2.vndss.com

Tran Thi, V. et al. (2014)

An overview

Lessons & Experiences

Interventions

Damages
THE LENGTH OF COASTLINE, RIVER AND STREAM BANKS EROSION (METER)
291,954

177,002
121,885

Mangrove restoration

47,301
1,200
2012

88,905

16,998
2013

2014

2015

Total damage caused by coastline and river banks erosion(million dong)

Source: Vietnam Management Authority

2016

56,231

2017

2018

2019

93,246

58,837

11,604

An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

Mangrove Area and Distribution
CA MAU

Increased: 476 ha/yr

52,378TP HO CHI MINH32,474

QUANG NINH

19,600TRA VINH

Top 10 provinceswith largest
mangroves(2020)

8,692

SOC TRANG

6,015

KIEN GIANG

5,296

BAC LIEU

4,711

BEN TRE

3,859

THAI BINH

3,727

NAM DINH

2,699-

10,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,000

HA

Mangroves distribute in 28 coastal provinces
Source: VNFOREST

There are distinct dominant species between
southern and northern coastal area of Vietnam.

Interventions

Quang Ninh

Thanh Hoa

Mangrove species composition is the richer from
North to South.

An overview
Lessons & Experiences

Mangrove Species Distribution

Ca Mau7An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

Integrated management models of mangrove forests for climate change adaptation••••

Implementation agency: VAFS
Period: 2012-2015
The National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change
Project sites: Quang Ninh, Ca Mau(1) 300 ha of community-based mangrove management (150 ha/province)

Ca MauQuang Ninh

ü Develop regulations on SFM and regulations on creating financial sources for forest protection
ü The number of cases of illegal fishing in manrgoves decreased by 80-90%
8An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

Integrated management models of mangrove forests for climate change adaptation(2) Improve the quality of mangroves by supplementary planting 100 ha (50 ha/province)ü Quang Ninh: R. stylosa (800-1000 trees/ha)
ü Ca Mau: R. apiculata (7000-10000 trees/ha)ü Survival rate > 83%, Good growth9An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

Integrated management models of mangrove forests for climate change adaptation(3) Livelihood development: Support for aquaculture under mangrove canopy for 100 households(50 HHs/provinces)ü Support seeds
ü Technical tranings forsustainable aquaculture
under mangrove canopy10An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

Community-based mangrove restoration and management• Location: Thanh Hoa• Period: 2006-2011• CARE Australia and Metro Company – CARE Denmark
287 ha of mangroves planted with community
participatory (Sonneratia, Candelia)

Improved livelihood security and reduced
vulnerability of the coastal communities

11An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

Coastal constructions to support mangrove restoration in severe erosion coastal areas in Ca Mau

Build concrete dams to protect fromstrong wave, coastline erosion andfacilitate accretion of muddy bank fornatural regeneration of pioneer
species (impact on the first phase ofmangrove succession).

Build a bamboo fence to facilitate
plantation of Avicennia alba topromote mangrove succession
process and fix muddy bank.
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An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

Mangrove plantation on unstable mudflats in Ca Mau (2017-2020 - VAFS)

Wave reduction fenceü Density: 50,000 – 118,000 trees/haü Formulate a forest ban to reduce wave speed andprotecting the inner ecosystem.
ü No surface erosion was recorded13

An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

GCF Project: Improving the resilience of vulnerable coastal communities to climate change related
impacts in Viet Nam• Location: Thanh Hoa, TT Hue, Quang Ngai, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Ca Mau, and Nam Dinh
• Period: 2017-2022

1. Storm and flood resilient design features
added to 4,000 new houses on safe sites,
benefiting 20,000 poor and highly disaster
exposed people in 100 communes;
2. Regeneration of 4,000 hectares of coastalmangrove storm surge buffer zones;
3. Increased access to enhanced climate andloss and damage data for private and public
sector application in all 28 coastal provincesof Viet Nam.

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An overview

Interventions

Lessons & Experiences

Pilot project on mangrove PFES in Dat Mui NP, Ca Mau

ü Established a PFES payment mechanism between Seafood
enterprises – Forest Owner (Forest management boards) –Farmers
ü For the period 2016-2018 (3 years):• 1000 households participating in the pilot• 2818 hectares of pilot mangrove forest• Total payment to households: USD 153,813.
ü As a result, mangroves are well protected, organic shrimps
are sold at high prices, bringing benefits to all relevant
stakeholders.
15An overview

Interventions

Lessons & ExperiencesØ Mangrove-based interventions for coastal protection must be approached with integrated measuresin terms of management, plantation/restoration, community supports and awareness raising.
q

Management: Co-management and co-benefits sharingq

Plantation/restoration: Strictly comply with technical requirements (planting site, planting
time, seedlings…), coastal protection targets (planting density, species…), supplementarymeasures applied to adopt to specific coastal area (unstable mudflat, severe erosion).

qCommunity supports: Sustainable fishery under mangrove canopy, livelihood improvement
supports, limit and overcome damages caused by coastal disasters

qAwareness raising: Trainings at the site, communication products (manual, posters, brochures,videos…), CSOs involvedØ Community consensus and participation are compulsory for the success and scale-up of a project.
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For your contact and cooperation:
linh.snu@gmail.com
linh.ntm@rcfee.org.vn
46 Duc Thang Street, Duc Thang Ward,
Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Zipcode: 11900+84-85-3143-745
Photo: Xuan Thuy NP17