Chapter 3 Securing Safety in Cyberspace

Section 1 Threats in Cyberspace
1 Characteristics of Threats in Cyberspace
The Internet has become recognized as asocial infrastructure essential to citizens’ lives
and socioeconomic activities. Today, whilecyberspace has become a part of citizens’
daily lives, cybercrimes such as online
banking fraud are frequently committed, andcyber attacks including cyber terrorism andcyber espionage are often carried out on a
global scale. Thus, threats in cyberspace arebecoming serious. During 2014, thetechniques used for cybercrimes such as
online banking fraud and spear phishingemail attacks were found to have grown
more vicious and sophisticated, and thepresence of "crime infrastructure" incyberspace, including malicious proxy
servers, was confirmed. In addition, newtechniques and services that have the potential
to be used by individuals for crimes incyberspace arose, as seen in the case where anindividual used a 3D printer to manufacture ahomemade handgun. Much harm was caused
by unauthorized login attacks and by theprovision of privately recorded sexual images.
Thus, there was a tendency for Internet use tolead to an increased risk of Internet users'
involvement in crimes.

2 Cybercrime
In 2014, the number of cleared cases forcybercrime was 7,905, a year-on-year
decrease of 208 cases.
3 Cyber Attacks
In recent years, cyber attacks have been
occurring in Japan against entities such as
government agencies and private companies,
and the techniques used are becoming moreingenious. In particular, threats of cyberterrorism, which is an electronic attack
causing the core systems of criticalinfrastructure malfunction and paralyze socialfunctions, and cyber intelligence, which isespionage operation using information andcommunication technology, are becoming
problems that may impact the country’s public
safety and security.

Threats in cyberspace

Cybercrime

Cyber terrorism

1) Stealing IDs andpasswords

Suspects

2) Unauthorized access

Actor’s PCs

Owners of IDs

3) Unlawfulmoneytransfer

Huge amounts of data
Computer targetedby the attack

Denial ofservices!

Internet banking

UnauthorizedaccessDDoS attack- 45 -

Cyber espionage
Government agencies
Private companies withcutting-edge technology2) Computers
are infected withmalware!

3) Automatic
sending ofinformation

1) Sending a malware attached e-mailOpening thee-mailCommand andControl server

Actor4) Stealing secretinformation

Spear phishing emailattack

Modus operandi of cyber espionage

Section 2 Dealing with Threats inCyberspace
1 Measures against Cybercrimes(1) Measures against Online Banking
The total loss caused by illegal moneytransfers has sharply increased since 2013,reaching about 2,910 million yen in 2014,
which is the highest to date. The policearrested 233 persons who were involved inillegal money transfers during 2014. In
addition, the police have, in collaboration withprivate companies, implemented preventive
measures such as requesting financial
institutions to strengthen the security capacityof online banking.
(2) Measures against Crimes Arising From
Online Dating Sites and Community Sites
The number of children becoming victims
of crimes involving online dating sites has

shown a decreasing trend while the number ofchildren becoming victims of crimes arising
fromcommunity

sites

has

shown

increasing trend since 2013, due to theincrease in the number of victims of crimes
involving online bulletin boards where IDs forfree-telephone apps can be exchanged. To
prevent crimes involving children's use ofcommunity sites, the police are promoting theenhancement of website monitoring and aremaking efforts to introduce effective "Internetzoning", in addition to promoting publicity
and public relations and educational activities
for the purposes of further spreading filteringand of preventing crimes involving children.
The police are making these efforts incollaboration
ministries

withandrelated
agenciesgovernmentandorganizations.

Trends in the number of online banking fraud by month(Cases)(Mil. yen.)

300
Actual amount of loss
250

450
400

Amount of prevented loss

350

No. of cases

200

300
250

150

200

100

150
100

50500

2013

- 46 -2014

Nov.

Sept.

July

May

Mar.

Jan.

Nov.

Sept.

July

May

Mar.

Jan.

Nov.

Sept.

July

May

Mar.

Jan.

0

2012

anotherTrends in the number of child victims of crimes involving online dating sites and community sites

792(People)

2,000■: Online dating sites■: Bulletin boards where IDs for free telephone apps are exchanged■: Other community sites
1,500

1,239
1,136
1,000

7920

1,100

1,136

1,0760036

1,085

1,040

1,239

352

724

453
254

2007

2008

2009

282

2010

2011

439

Comparison bet.
Jan. to June andJuly to Dec. in 2014

723

698

218

159

2012

982

941

792

500

0

1,085

0

00

1,421

1,293

2013

152
2014

262

177

436

546

82

70

Jan-June2014

July-Dec(Year)
2014

Note: Statistics of other community sites is available since 2008.

Section 3 Promoting Collaboration between
Government and Private Sector against
Threats in Cyberspace
1Promoting
Collaboration
betweenGovernment and Private Sector against
Threats in Cyberspace
In order to counter the threats incyberspace, it is necessary to collaborate withprivate companies. Therefore, the police areestablishing a framework to cooperate withentities such as private companies and areutilizing their knowledge to prevent harmcaused by cybercrimes and cyber attacks andto ensure an accurate response in the event of
an incident.

Framework for countermeasure with private sectors- 47 -