L.

HK® .1 32~, 1 094

Fron : Smoking & Health Information Section
The Japan Tobacco & Salt Public Corporation
2-1, Toranomon, 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107
1980"SMOKING AND HEALTH ISSUE IN JAPAN"

INTRODUCTON
The manufacture and the sale of cigarettes and other tobacco products, and thesale of salt are under the exclusive control of the Japan Tobacco & Salt Public
Corporation (JTS) based on Tobacco Monopoly Law in Japan .
JTS is a quasi-governmental a gency under the supervision of the Ministry ofFinance .
HEALTH WARNING
Following the instruction by the Minister of Finance„ all cigarette packages
manufactured since 1972 carry a health warning which translates,s"For the sakeof health, let's be careful about excessive smoking" .
Imported cigarettes are'required to carry the same warning .
TAR AND NICOTINE
Since 1967, JTS has published annually the result of test determining the,tarand nicotine content of domestic cigarettes . The result of the 1980 test is
on paqe 4, and the standard smoking condition is on page 5 .
RESEARCH
Research aimed at developing a "safer cigarette" is being mainly conducted byJTS's Central Research Institute . The main projects include the development of
new products low in tar and nicotine content, and the development of reconstituted
tobacco ; flavors and filters for cigarettes .
Since 1957, the contracted res earch on smoking and health by JTS has been conducted .
The budge ;. for thi•s proaram is 150 million yen for Fiscal Year 1980 . List ofresearch projects conducted by JTS is on paqe 7- 12 .
Meanwhile, the Bi,iolgical Research Center was established in 1973 as an instituteattached to the Central Research Instutute .

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf-1-INK~~3z7a~~

ADVERTISING
Since 1969, JTS has employed self-imposed controls on cigarette advertising,as follows ;1) Main advertising policies emphasize the better smoking manners, namely
the "Smokin' Clean Campaign" .
2) Advertisements on T .V . and radio are limited to the introduction of new_ . brands .
3) No advertisements for cigarettes should appear in any publications whosereaders are likely to be women and/or youth .
CONSUMPTION
According to a JTS annual nationwide survey, which coverd 13,000 adults in 1979,
73 :1% of the male population smokes ., compared with 15 .4% of the female . In 1979,
the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 24 .2 for men and 16 .0 for
women .
Cigarette consumption in FY 1979 totaled 307 billion cigarettes, and it increasedslightly compared with 1978 .
.
ANTI-SMOKING MOVEMENT

Though there have been a few anti-smoking groupt in Japan, a strong nx,Venent
to hate tobacco smoke occured in recent years, aiming at protection ofnonsmokers' rights .
' The group for establishment of nonsmokers' rights to hate tobacco smoke sped
Japan National Railway, Government and JTS in last April, and it is at issue .
RESTRICTION
Smoking is prohibited by law in a number of public places such as theaters, concert
halls, museums, cinemas, buses, streetcars, subways, on the viewpoint of prevention
aginst fires, since previous time .
In recent years, bullet train between Tokyo and Hakata has a no-smokimg car
and domestic airlines have nonsmokers' seats . Also, in the staion yard, smoking
is restricted for two hours tn morning and evening .
On the other hand, smoking in r,aiting-rooms of national hospitals and sanatoriums
is restricted based on the request of the Ministry of Health and Welfare .
A law enacted by the Diet in 1900 prohibits cigarette smoking by minors . It has
three major provisions :1) Minors ( those under 20 years of age) are prohibited
either from smoking or posessing any kind of smoking apparatus, 2) parents
or qurdians are liable to fine if they fail to stop their children from smoking,and 3) anyone selling cigarettes or smoking apparatus to minors is liable to fine .

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf-2

. VIEW CONCERNING SMOKING AND HEALTH

11KC .132,709f;

In 1971, the Government Monopoly Enterprise Council, which has been set up forthe purpose of giving advice to the Minister of Finance of JTS's management,
reported the findings of a Special Committee . This report contained "View on theEffects of Smoking on Health" (see page 6) .

~http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf

H !l®1e) ~ 1 V c y,

NICOTINE AND TAR CONTENT (1980)

BrandType

Nicotine

1'armg/cig .
TenderJust
Current
Partner
KomorebiCabin 85
Luna
Mild Seven
Echo Miyabi
CherryVakabaMini-Star
Marlboro
Seven Stars
Golden Bat
Uruma
Cabin
Joker
. . c~Mi-ne
VioletOld Splendor
Promenade
Sometime
Astor
Hi-liteHi-ToneTalk
Epson
Hope (10)Mr . Slim
Mr . Slim menthol
Benson S Hedges
Hope (20)
Peace(20)
P3ace(10)

FK
FK
FL
FL
FK
FK
FL
CFL
FR
F90®
FL
FL
F mini
FL
CFL
R
FL
PSK
F 120am
R
CFL
FL
FK
FK
FKMf
FK
FL
FL
kSK
FK
FR
FSK
FSKM
FK
FL
FL
R

Sales Weighted Average Value

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf

0 .30 .3
0 .6
0 .7
0,8
0 .8
0 .8
0 .9
0 .01
0 .9
1 .0
1 .0
1 .1
1 .1
1 .1
1 .1
1 .1
i .l
1 .1
1 .1
1 .2
1 .2
1 .2
1 .2
1 .2
1 .2
1 .2
1 .3
1 .3
1 .3
1 .3
1 .3
1 .3
1 .5
1 .5
2 .0
2 .1

1 .05

mg/cig .

,

~
$
13
10
15
15
15
14
15
16
16
17
13
16
16,
17
17
18
18
19
16
17
18 .
18
18
19
19
18
18
18
18
20
20
19
20
23
25

15 .9

Item

Standard smoking condition

Puff duration (sec)

2+0 .1

Puff interval (sec)

58+1

Puff volume (ml)35+0 .3

Butt length

For plain cigarettes . : 30mm

For filter-tipped cigarettes of tip
overarap less than 27mm : 30mm
For filter-tipped cigarettes of tip
overwrap greater than or equal to27mm : tip overarap + 3mme

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf~

t~ ._ . . . . .~ - ::t .J. . .

. .... . ..` . . ...~ . . ,~ .

H K13132'70J9
Report by the Special Committee"View on the Effects of Smokir.g on Health"(Provision al Translation)

IIt has been pointed out, statistically and epidemiologically,that a considerable number of heavy smokers are among the deaths caused
by lung cancer, and similar findings have also been made for such heart
ailment as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction .
On the other hand, from the pathological point of view, there still
remains a need for further stud}r to clarify the relationship between
smoking and the incidence of lung cancer . There are'also various
queations, that await further examination to explain a direct and causal~ connection between smoking and any change in the blood vessels .

. Under such circumsr.ances, although the fact that public anxiety

over the possible hermfol effects of smoking is growing with the rapid
increase in lung cancer and heart defects in recent years cannot berignored, there are yet lemological and pathological findings that do

not agree, and, it the rlinical viewpoint is added to these existing
inconsistencies, there is no simple and final conclusion to the problem ofsmoking and health .

. ~In dealing with this problem, it is hoped that a comprehensive

examination of the matter will be made considering it from the psychological viewpoint and taking into consideration how deeply and widely
rooted the habit of smoking is among the Japanese people .

-http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf

0

d ..

s3 .

`_-+'... .-~mv.~...s.

. .,K+~w~ea,s. .

Lists ot Research h'roJects Lontractea tSy JiJ (iyt3u/.. . .,. ._ .»aa_ .. i..... .w,. ..~ ..~ . .`i ~ha•"sex•...

H Kd132'710~J 'Factors related to the proliferative pictures of the alveolar andbronchiolar epithelia

Aichi Medical CollegeTauchi, H .

Mass survey for lung cancer by sputum cytology
Tohoku University, School of Medicine
Nakada, T .
Carcinogenic process of lung cnacer using a successful canine;experimental modelTokyo Medical College
Hayata, Y .
Studies on the histogenesis of lung cancer
Keio University, School Of Medicine
Kageyama, P: .
Sequential cytologic study of the development of squemous cell
carcinoma induced in subcutaneously implanted bronchial autograftof dog
Hamamatsu medical Center
Kobayashi,li .

IExperimental studies on relationship between•pulmonary fibrosis andbronchial epithelia in rat .
Chiba University, School of Medicine
Hayashi,Y .
Effect of cigarette smoke on respiratory epithlium in mice
Chiba University, School of Medicine
Ide, G .

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf_~_~'•

NK0 12 27101
Effect of cigarette smoke condensates on metabolism of chemical
carcinogenst,Chiba University, School of Medicine
Yamane, Y .
Genetic and environmental faotors related to pulmonary carcinogenesis_Tohoku University, School of Medicine
Sato, H .
Morphorogical changes in the bronchial alveolar system of mice following,
continuous exposure of hitrogen dioxide
The Center for Adult Disease, OsakaHattori, S .
Effect of nitrogen dioxide on the induction of lung cancer byN-bis-2-Hydroxypropylnitrosamine
Osaka University, School of Medicine
Kitamura, H .
Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activity related to smoking habit andlung cancer
Kyushu University, Faculty of Medicine
Tanaka, K .
Host immune response against autologous and allogeneic tell lines
from human lung cancer
Tokushima University, School of Medicine

sInoue, G .
Immunological studies on cigarette smokers
Hiroshima University, School of Medicine
Nishimoto, Y .

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf

N Kfl1327102
Physaco-chemical studies on the smoking habit and lung cancer :Pulmonary deposition of particulate matter in relation to
the particle size
National Institute of Industrial Healthkawai „ K. .

f,

Biological effect of gaseous components in cigarette smoke :Effect of carbon monoxide and nitrogen diozide exposure on
biological function
National Institute of Industrial Health
Kawai, K .
Studies on chronic bronchopulmonary disease in relation to pulmonary
deposition of constituents of tobacco smoke ~Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
Ohta, K
Development of a rapid in vitro carcinogenesis bioassay with mammalian cells
Cancer Institute. Takayama, S .
Detoxification of polycyclic hydrocarbons contained in tobacco smoke
Cancer InstituteTakayama, S .
Inhalation bioassay of cigarette smoke in hamster
The Institute of Environmental Toxicology
Shirasu, Y .
Studies on mutagenicity of cigarette smoke condensatesTokyo University, Institute of Medicai Science
Matsushima, T .

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdfc.

Nk913`'7~03
Effect of nicotine on the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes
Nara Medical University
Kurogochi, Y .
Experimental stydies on pathological effects of smoking on cardiovasculardiseaseShimane National Medical School
Yamori, Y .
•+~ Effect of nicotine and smoking on autonomic nervous system and peripheral, circulatory function
Kyoto University, School of Medicine
Imnura, H .
rStudies on cardiovascular and microvascular effects of smoking
Institute of Pjblic Health
Asano, M .
Studies on antdgonistic substances aoainst cardiovasculp.r and microvasculareffects of smoking
Tokyo University, Faculty of Agriculture
Suzuki, A .
Clinical Investigation on the role of smoking in the pathogenesis ofpulmonary disease
Juntendo University, Medical School
Homma, H .
Clinical investigation on the effects of smoking on respiratory function
Kyoto University, School of Medicine
Torizuka,K .

Studies on genetic factors in choronic obstructive pulmonary diseaser .,..t ., Ilnivcrcit.v . Srhnnl nf Madicine

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf

H.K®1 3~!7104
Effects of nicotine on cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems
with special reference to transmitter release
Kyoto University, School of MedicineNjiwara, M .

Studies on biological effects of smoking in rhesus monkey
Central Institute for Experimental Animals
Yanagita, T .
• Psychopharmacological effects of smoking : 5moking behavior inrhesus monkey
Central Institute for Experimental Animals , .
Yanagita, T .
Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on fetal growthKansai Medical School
Sawaragi, I .
Effect of smeking on feto- placental function
Kobe University, School of Medicine

Tojo, S .

Effect of passive smoking on non-smoker
Kobe University, School of Medicine
Matsukura,S .

Epidemiological studies on the effect of passive smoking on children
Medical College of Miyazaki
Tsunetoshi,Y .
Effects of smoking on indoor air pollution
Institute of Public HealthMatsushita,H .

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf

~.:R..~,r.~ .,m. .. ..~ ...~,

NKO1327105
Regulation of carcinogenic hydrocarbon metaDolism in human lungTohoku University, ~chool of Medicine
Watanabe, M .
Study on relationship between the types of lung cancer and smoking
Chiba University, School of Medicine
Katsuki, H .
Effec-7 . of smoking on bronchial clearance mecha nism' Shinshu University, School of Medicine.Kusama, S .
Effect of smoking on micrdcirculatory system of organ
Osaka University, School mf Medicine
Abe, H .

I

Epidc-rniological and pathological study of cardiovascular diseases
Shimane Medical University
Fukase, M .
Effect of smoking on ultrastructure and function of blood vessel
Keio University, School of Medicine
Toyoshima,S .
Neuropharmacological study on effects of nicotine and its related compounds ongastric function
Kohchi rledical University •Ohsumi, Y .
Study on Psychological effect of smoking
Hohsei University
Chiba, Y .

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf

. . kik01327106

RESEARCH NEEDSi

1.

Passive Smoking - Particularly the role of polonium-210

2.

Nicotine/Tar Ratio - First to determine the acceptable level of nicotine .

3.

The effects of low-yield cigarettes .

4.

Homgenized Leaf Curing - Perfect the technology and prepare sufficient
samples for long-term inhalation .

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kol2aa00/pdf