Kimiko Okabe
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute

(a) That actions complement or are consistent with the objectivesof national
forest programmes and relevant international conventions andagreements;(b) Transparent and effective national forest governancestructures, taking into account national legislation and sovereignty;(c) Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples andmembers of local communities, by taking into account relevantinternational obligations, national
circumstances and laws, and noting that the United Nations
General Assembly has adopted the United Nations Declaration on
the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;(d) The full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, inparticular indigenous peoples and local communities;(e) That actions are consistent with the conservation of naturalforests and biological diversity, ensuring that the actions referred
to in paragraph 70 of this decision are not used for the conversionof natural forests, but are instead used to incentivize theprotection and conservation of natural forests and their ecosystemservices, and to enhance other social and environmental benefits;(f) Actions to address the risks of reversals;(g) Actions to reduce displacement of emissions.

FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1





Parties identified a range of issues, including
guidance on systems for providing information on
how safeguards referred to in appendix I to decision
1/CP.16 are addressed and respected …;
First of all, the experts agreed that safeguards arean essential aspect in the implementation of REDDplus actions and activities.
They emphasized that the development andimplementation of such information systems must
be country-driven andnational sovereignty and national legislationrespected.
In addition, the processes relating to addressing
safeguards and providing information should betransparent andensure the participation of all relevant stakeholders.

FCCC/SBSTA/2011/INF.17

 is not only about organisms but also benefit mitigationof climate change and human welfare For climate change mitigation, conservation ofbiodiversity as carbon stock and for ecosystem
sustainability should be considered For benefits of indigenous & local people should befocus
 should be monitored at project and national/sub-national levelsa No trade-off between biodiversity in well-conserved

natural forests and carbon,
 Biomass of natural forest is correlated with forest

biodiversity (but may not be linear) Forest structure, type, amount of human disturbanceand forest area/ fragmentation (connectivity) are highly
related with biodiversity
 In conclusion, coarse filter indicators can be usedSimilarity of species composition in primary forest in each
forest in AmazonorganismSecondary forest

Planted forest

Trees & lianas

30%

0%

Birds

40%

20%

Lizards

60%

40%

Large mammals

80%

50%

Orchids

90%

70%

Barlow J et al. PNAS 2007

Sohdi et al 2004 TREE Particularly at the larger scale, remotesensing is an important tool At the species level, for example, a time-lapse camera is a good tool for some wildlife Ecosystem services highly related withbiodiversity can be monitored throughbiodiversity monitoring High value species such as for NTFP can bedirectly monitored
 Some ecosystem services such as water

quality, protection from natural disasters, canbe monitored with vegetation cover, i.e.,
forest area

Indicator

TargetNational levelProject level

Forest type

Biodiversity
Primary, naturally(degradation),regenerated, planted
Biodiversity related ES..plus, classification ofplanted (native spp,multi spp, uneven)

Forest structure

Biodiversity (speciescommunity)

Forest typeMulti-cohort structure,gaps, dead wood

Human
disturbanceSpecies extinction,
biodiversity(degradation), ES

Clearcut vs. low impact
logging, agriculture vs.
agro-forestry…plus, quantified
impacts

Forest area/
fragmentation

Biodiversity(degradation), ES

Area of each type &stage…plus, non-forest
ecosystems

Species

Cultural service,economic importance(eg NTFP)

distribution ofendangered/flagship/economic-ally
important spp..plus, invasive spp,
locally important spp

 Social safeguards are related withbiodiversity to some extent, for example,
good governance and local community
participation facilitate implementation ofconservation of BD and its monitoring.
 National laws, strategies and other activity toenhance conservation of BD can beindicators, too.

 At the national level, coarse filter indicators anduse of remote sensing are recommended.

 At the project level, species can be included formonitoring of ecosystem services (localbenefits).

 For safeguard information systems, nationalactivities to enhance conservation of BD can be
included in indicators.