2018

24-27 July 2018
Tohoku University
Sendai, Japan

IRIDeS, Tohoku University
Laboratory of International Strategy for Disaster Mitigation,
Regional and Urban Reconstruction Research Division468-1-S401 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8572 Japan
www. irides.tohoku.ac.jp/

The APRU International Secretariat
3019, 3/F, IAS Building, HKUSTClear Water Bay, Hong Kong
www.apru.org

Cover : designed by starline / Freepik

Editor in chief
Takako Izumi (Associate Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University)

Editorial Team
Mariko Onodera (Administrative Assistant, IRIDeS, Tohoku University)
Chikako Hibino (Administrative Assistant, IRIDeS, Tohoku University)

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CONTENTS

Background…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
Opening remarks…………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Presentations………………………………………………………………………………………… 13Group work discussion……………………………………………………………………………… 29
Field trip……………………………………………………………………………………………… 35
Annex I…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40
Annex II…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 42

Background

BackgroundThe 6th APRU (Association of Pacific Rim Universities) Multi-Hazards Summer School washeld at Tohoku University on 24-27 July 2018. In addition to the participants from the APRU
member universities, the students from the Young Leaders Program (YLP) of the Northeast

Asia Economic Forum (NEAEF) also attended this event on 24-25 July. The event received total
more than 60 participants to learn the lessons-learnt and experience from the 2011 Great
East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, the recovery efforts in the affected areas and discuss thecontribution of academia in the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction (SFDRR).

The Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) is a network of 50 premier research

universities from 16 economies around the Pacific Rim. The International Research Instituteof Disaster Science (IRIDeS) in Tohoku University was established in April 2012 as a new
integrated interdisciplinary research team aiming at conducting world leading research on

natural disaster science and disaster mitigation leaning from and building upon past lessons
in disaster management from Japan and around the world. IRIDeS also provides secretariat
services as the regional program hub to the MH Program.

The APRU-IRIDeS Multi-Hazards (MH) Program was established in April 2013. The Pacific

Rim region has high risks to natural disasters and the universities and research institutes

in the region are expected to contribute to reducing disaster vulnerability and risks andstrengthening disaster management capacity to tackle these challenges. The Program aims toharness the collective capabilities of APRU universities for cutting-edge research on disasterrisk reduction (DRR) as well as contribute to international policy making processes on DRR.
The Summer School is one of the key activities under the MH Program.
The key activities of the MH Program include:
●
●
●

●

Organization of the annual summer school

Organization of the annual APRU MH Symposium

Foster collaboration in disaster research and information/data sharing between APRU
universities

Contribute to DRR discussions at international and regional levels and to a policy making
process.

The need for and importance of science and technology application in disaster risk reduction
has been strongly emphasized especially in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction (SFDRR) adopted in 2015 at the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction.
It underlined the importance of the role of academia in focusing on the disaster risk
factors, increase research for regional, natural and local application, support action by local

communities and support the interface between policy and science for decision-making. It isextremely important for academia to work with different stakeholders to play such key roles.

5This summer school is designed to learn from the experience of local government, NGO as

well as academia and include the lectures not only from the natural science aspect but also thesocial science aspect to enable the participants to understand the diversified elements of DRR.

The IRIDeS continues to host the MH program and contribute to strengthening the disasterscience research and contribute to discussions at international and regional levels to make an
influence on DRR strategy and policy in the region.

Acknowledgement
IRIDeS as the main organizer of this summer school would like to extend a sincere
appreciation to the participants and speakers from different sectors who shared wonderfulexperiences and knowledge regarding DRR issues from different perspectives. Theirinvolvement and participation made a great contribution to the success of this event. In

addition, IRIDeS received tremendous support from the APRU secretariat based in Hong

Kong as well as Tohoku University. The organizer is also grateful for valuable suggestions

and advices provided by the faculty members of IRIDeS on the program development andplanning.

Lastly but not least, this summer school was never implemented without hard works

and considerable support by the International Strategy for Disaster Mitigation Division of

IRIDeS, Tohoku University, the Administrative Office of IRIDeS, and the International Regional
Cooperation Office of IRIDeS.

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Prof. Hideo Ohno
President of Tohoku University

It is a great pleasure for me to welcome you to Tohoku University for “the APRU-IRIDeS MultiHazards Summer School.”

The establishment of the International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS)

under Tohoku University is our commitment to share our knowledge and experience globally
gained from a wide range of interdisciplinary research, and to contribute to building aresilient society against natural disasters. IRIDeS also launched the Multi-Hazards Program
together with Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) in April 2013. Since then, IRIDeS
has become the program hub and coordinates the program activities. This summer school is
one of the major events under the Multi-Hazards Program.

It has been seven years already since the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

happened on March 11, 2011. Tohoku University has also been playing an important role in
the recovery process. You will visit several affected areas on 25 July during a field trip and see

the recovery efforts by local governments and communities. I hope this summer school will
give you an opportunity to consider and discuss the roles of universities and academia as well
as science and technology in strengthening our disaster-management capacity.

Recently West Japan was hit by extremely heavy rains which caused massive floods

and landslides. More than 220 people lost their lives due to this event. Even if we think
we are well-prepared for natural disasters, we are still vulnerable to such unprecedented

catastrophes. They imply further need for risk analysis, risk communication, and improvementof early warning systems. There is much room for disaster science research and data, andinformation sharing with governments and communities. More importantly, we need to tackle
these global challenges such as natural disasters and climate change in partnership withmulti-stakeholders.

In March 2015, the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held in Sendai.

More than 10,000 people participated in this event. Tohoku University made significant

contributions to this Conference by participating in its preparation and organizing many
events. At the end of the Conference, “the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction”
was adopted. It will be a guideline for the implementation of disaster risk reduction in thenext 15 years. I expect that you will discuss universities’ roles in and contributions to its
implementation process during this Summer School.

In November 2017, Tohoku University in collaboration with Sendai City organized “World

Bosai Forum” that brought more than 900 attendees from 42 countries. It provided a platform

for discussions and information exchange among disaster exerts through more than 50

sessions on various topics. We believe it is crucial to maintain discussions on new ideas andsolutions among various stakeholders, share the experience and lessons learned, and address

the voices and needs of communities and citizens. The World Bosai Forum will be organized8every two years; the next one will be in November 2019. I do hope many of you will join thisimportant event and share your research findings with us.

Tohoku University was selected as a “National Designated University” in 2017: only fiveOpening remarks

universities in Japan were appointed as a recognition of the university’s abilities to leadand shape global education and research. In particular, we promote the organization for theadvance studies in four areas – Materials science, Next-generation medical care, Spintronics,
and Disaster science. Tohoku University recognizes the importance of disaster science
research and are determined to become a global leader in this field.

To conclude, I would like to thank the APRU secretariat for their kind support andcooperation. I wish you every success in this summer school program.

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Prof. Fumihiko Imamura
Director and Prof. of Tsunami Engineering, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Good morning. It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to the 2018 APRU-IRIDeS Summer

School. In addition, I am excited to welcome the members of the Young Leaders Program of theNortheast Asia Economic Forum. We have more than 70 participants from all over the world. I
would like to express my appreciation for the support of the APRU International Secretariat in
Hong Kong, led by Christina Schonleber.

We started the Multi-Hazards Program two years after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake andtsunami. As the director of the International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS),

and as a professor of tsunami engineering, I have been focusing on tsunami risk mitigation
research from both structural and nonstructural aspects, including tsunami warnings,
evacuation, and city planning for resilience against tsunami attacks, for more than 30 years.

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 Tohoku tsunami left behind catastrophic

damage. The tsunami in the Indian Ocean claimed more than 250,000 lives, while 20,000

people died in Japan as a result of low-frequency but high-impact disasters. To minimize
such disaster risks, our research institute, IRIDeS, was established in 2012 with a very wide
expertise. In 2013, after the founding of IRIDeS, we launched the APRU-IRIDeS Multi-Hazards

Program, whose major activities include summer school, campus safety workshops, and theannual symposium in which colleagues discuss issues on disaster mitigation. The program has
made excellent achievements in the last six years.

In 2015, the United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held here

in Sendai. Around 150,000 participants, including the United Nations Secretary-General, theEmperor of Japan, Prime Minister Abe, as well as people from NGOs, world governments,

international organizations, and the private sector, got together to discuss how to solve thechallenges of and issues surrounding disaster risk reduction (DRR). The result was the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), which was adopted by 187 countries. This
internationa l framework strongly encourages us to work closely to mitigate the effects ofdisasters.

Not only natural but also manmade disasters have continued to increase. In Japan, we

experienced a tremendous earthquake in Osaka followed by heavy rains in West Japan, as
well as recent heat waves. This is why we continue to organize the multihazards summer

school and symposium to discuss disaster issues that have become more and more importantworldwide.

In the summer school, we hold a series of lectures taught by international experts,

professors, and government officials to share their studies and experiences. You will bevisiting the affected areas damaged by the 2011 tsunami to understand the reconstruction

process better. Please share what you saw and learned when you return to your respective
countries.

Once again, thank you very much for participating in the summer school.

10Ms. Christina Schönleber
Director (Policy & Programs), International Secretariat,
Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU)

Dear Professor Imamura, dear Professor Izumi, dear colleagues and summer schoolparticipants.

Good Morning, I am Christina Schönleber from the Association of Pacific Rim Universities.

Opening remarks

For me as Director of Policy and Programs it truly is a pleasure to welcome researchers,
students and practitioners from Japan and across the Asia Pacific region to the 6th Annual

MH Summer School hosted by the International Research Institute of Disaster Science, IRIDeS
here at Tohoku University.

The Association of Pacific Rim Universities is very proud of their long standing and close

partnership with the colleagues and experts at Tohoku University. Together we to set up the

APRU Multi Hazard Hub in 2013 to drive forward the mission help address the challenges
relating to disaster risk reduction in the region.

The aim of the APRU MH Hub is to harness the research capabilities in DRR of APRU

member universities around the Pacific Rim to address the shared threats of earthquakes,

tsunamis, typhoons and other natural disasters that threaten this region. As part of this highly
important work IRIDEs has set up and is hosting this annual Summer School.

Over the past 6 years our esteemed colleagues from the Multi Hazard Program Hub, ledand coordinated by Professor Imamura, and Professor Takao Izumi and supported by its

international Advisory Group have greatly contribute to shaping the international decisionand policy making process for DRR.

APRU consider capacity building across the region a key objective of this process including

informing future leaders about key challenges of the Asia-Pacific region to guide their thinking
how to address these through research, policy development and on the ground impact.

I want to highlight that this MH Summer School is a very important APRU activity for

informing and guiding you experts and future leaders of the region by sharing latest
knowledge and insights from the perspective of multidisciplinary stakeholders engaged

in DRR. It really is great to see participants from all across the region including Indonesia,
Mongolia, China, Afghanistan, Russia, Korea, Malaysia and the US come together for this.

Later during this summer school, I will present to you in more depth how the Association ofPacific Rim Universities works with our member universities and external partners to achieveand support policy impact across a number of programs such as this Multi Hazard Programand Hub.

Finally I thank Tohoku University and IRIDeS for their dedication and expertise incontinuing to develop the MH Program and achieving such far reaching impact.

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Overview of the International ResearchInstitute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku
University
Kiyoshi Itoh
Deputy Director and Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Tohoku University was founded in 1907 and is the third oldest university in Japan. IRIDeS is the newest

research institute of Tohoku University. IRIDeS was established in April, 2012, approximately one year after the2011 Great East Japan earthquake.

In 2007, prior to the 2011 disaster, some Tohoku University researchers had formed a multidisciplinary

research group to cope with an earthquake off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture which was foreseen to occur

in the near future. The reality of the 2011 disaster far exceeded all predictions, however, and the group was
unable to respond adequately. Tohoku University undertook a major expansion of the group to learn lessons
from the disaster, resulting in the establishment of IRIDeS.

IRIDeS aims at both the revival of Tohoku Disaster areas and the reduction of disaster worldwide. We have

two key words. One is “multidisciplinary.” Scholars in humanities, sciences, social sciences, engineering andmedicine collaborate actively. The other key word is “Practical Disaster Prevention Research.” Our ultimate
objective is to contribute to the actual society.

In IRIDeS, there are 7 Research Divisions and 37 Research Fields. To date we have conducted numerous

studies which can be categorized by “the disaster cycle”: “understand and prepare for a disaster,” “respond to
the disaster after it occurred,” “recover from the disaster,” and finally, “mitigate future disasters through DRR
education.” We also emphasize forging links with diverse stakeholders, both domestically and internationally,
as researchers alone cannot realize safer and more resilient society.

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Presentations

There is a traditional saying in Japan “Turning a disaster into happiness.” We made our logo by turning thecharacter “disaster,” wishing to “turn the Great East Japan Earthquake into construction of a safer society.” We hope

you have a fulfilling summer school with us, deepening international understanding and friendship with each other as
disaster specialists.

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International strategy for disaster risk
reduction: implementation of the Sendai
framework for disaster risk reduction (SFDRR)
Takako Izumi
Associate Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

It is well-known that a major portion of the disaster management budget was spent during the post-disaster

phase, such as disaster response and recovery, and not for the pre-disaster phase, such as disaster mitigationand preparedness. However, since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the adoption of the Hyogo Framework

for Action (HFA) in 2005 at the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction, people have gained more interest
in and a better understanding of disaster mitigation and preparedness.

For instance, after the enactment of the HFA, countries’ DRR efforts have increased, with the understandingthat disasters harm the GDP and national growth. Because of the tremendous economic loss following adisaster, it takes a long time to recover from its damage; therefore, investing in DRR is extremely importantand has to be strengthened. While a certain level of improvement in this field was observed, it was obviousthat further DRR efforts were needed, and better involvement and collaboration by various stakeholders wereindispensable.

In 2015, the SFDRR was adopted at the UN World Conference on DRR in 2016. It emphasized the importanceof applying science and technology in DRR, along with scientific evidence-based policy and decision-making.

To achieve the goals of DRR, academia and universities would play a critical role; in the SFDRR, the roles ofacademia are stated as follows:

1) Focus on disaster risk factors and scenarios,

2) Increase research for regional, national, and local application,3) Support action by local communities and authorities, and

4) Support the interface between policy and science for decision-making.

In the science and technology application process, the following are extremely important.
a)

The fact that science and technology cannot solve everything, as they have limitations and constraints.

b)

Interdisciplinary research (combination of natural and social sciences).

c)

d)

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How would one fill these gaps? Through human behavior, education-based actions, and social science–
based awareness.

Working together with other stakeholders especially with practitioners. (Knowledge should not bemonopolized by academia. Technology and tools have to be “usable.”)Strengthening capacity development and empowerment for future DRR experts (government officials,

community leaders, etc.).

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Urban Disaster Reduction: Japan as adisaster-prone country and learningfrom past disasters
Osamu Murao
Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Japan is one of the disaster-prone counties, having earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, typhoons,heavy rains, or floods. The presentation given by Prof. Murao at the Multi-Hazards Summer School 2018
was about Japanese disaster risk reduction experiences, consisted of the following five topics:
1) How do you evaluate urban disaster risk?
2) Disaster Life Cycle

3) Sendai Framework and “Build Back Better”
4) 1934 Hakodate Great Fire

5) Japan as a Disaster-prone Country and Learning from the Past Disasters

The presentation started with a question, “How do you evaluate urban disaster risk?” and explained

urban disaster risk with definitions of “hazard,” “vulnerability,” and “exposed value.” The second topic
focused on “Disaster Life Cycle,” an idea to deal with disaster management with sequential phases,“emergency response,” “recovery,” “mitigation,” and “preparedness.” Then Sendai Framework for

Disaster Risk Reduction, which was adopted at the third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
2015, was explained, with Build Back Better concept as the third topic. Japanese people have learnt
many things from those disastrous experiences to make societies safer. The presentation introduced the1934 Hakodate Great Fire and how the disaster changed the urban fabric in the process of post-disasterrecovery, followed by other important recovery cases in Japanese history.

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Approaches of Social Sciences to Disaster
Mitigation
Sébastien Penmellen Boret
Assistant Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

During his lecture "Approaches of Social Sciences to Disaster Mitigation," Dr. Boret offered an introduction

to some of the fundamental concepts used to explain the socio-cultural processes that are associated withdisasters. They include ideas of risk, vulnerability, and resilience. His discussion drew from a broad range ofcase studies that span from disasters induced by natural hazards to those human-driven catastrophes.

The first part of the lecture considered the basic assumption that disasters are not events but the

products of social and cultural developments that may begin long before and end long after the events. Using
the metaphor of a car accident, Dr. Boret explained that the collective behaviors that precedes (humanenvironment relation, development, preparedness, social inequality) and follow (reconstruction, solidarity,

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spiritual care, financial aids, political leadership) a catastrophe contribute respectfully to the cause and theimpact of a disaster.

In the second part, Dr. Boret introduced the ideas of risk associated with the set of opportunities that

produces our environment. Using the example of an Indonesian people living by an active volcanic mountain,

he explained that risk is not be an objective fact but depends on people’s perception that in turns dictates
their disaster mitigation through socio-ecological adaptation. However, he also explained that for social

scientists the perception and adaptation to risk are themselves dependent on political, economic, and social
forces. As such, social scientists believe that people are more often than not the cause of their exposition to risk.

The third part engaged with the central notion of vulnerability. In disaster science, vulnerability is thedegree to which people are exposed to risks. Social research shows that this exposure is rooted in ethnicity,class, gender, disability, age, poverty, education and other socio-cultural factors, and therefore varies among

and within communities. Using examples such the shipwreck of the Titanic and the 2004 Indian Ocean

Tsunami, Dr. Boret examplified how particular factors such as gender and social class can explain the

preponderance of a category of victims over another. He then argued that the identification of these causes
via forensic research should be an integral part of disaster mitigation in order to reduce inequalities in theface of disasters.

Relating to vulnerability, the fourth concept introduced in this lecture was resilience. Originally used in civilengineering, this term came to refer by social analogy, to the capacity of a group of people to resist and adapt

to disasters. Referring to recent studies in Indonesia and the Pacific region, Dr. Boret introduced elements ofsocial resilience including oral tradition as well as more complex economic and political adaptations. Taking

the example of global warming, however, he noted that the increased resilience of some people could create
the vulnerability of others.

To conclude, Dr. Boret proposed that the approaches of social sciences provide a comprehensive albeit

complex perspective of disaster mitigation. He advised against the recent trends that favour the study ofresilience over vulnerability. His assertion echoed the view that the concept of vulnerability should not be
conceived as a "negative" and the direct opposite of resilience but as its complementary approach. Putting thisvision in a nutshell, he stated that "disaster mitigation must uproot the causes of vulnerability and innovate
the solutions for resilience."

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Medical and Public Health Needs in Disaster
Shinichi Egawa
Professor, IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) described for the first time as a DRR frameworkthat disaster affects health. Sendai Framework aims to reduce a) mortality, b) affected people, c) direct
economic loss by implementations of d) infrastructure, e) national and local strategies, f) international
cooperation, and g) multi-hazard early warning system. Sendai Framework targets to reduce the damage

to critical infrastructures, i.e. hospitals and schools. These movements are because of the imperative of
health as a fundamental human right. Heath cluster is one of the DRR clusters to improve preparedness
and efficient response.

After 1995 Great Hanshin Awaji

Earthquake, Japan has establishednational disaster medical system
including Disaster Base Hospitals, DisasterM e d i c a l A s s i s t a n c e Te a m ( D M AT ) ,Staging Care Unit and Transportation

System, Emergency Medical Information
System (EMIS) and Disaster Medical

Coordinators. This system helped many
lives in 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake(GEJE), 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and2018 West Japan Floods. However, every

disaster has difference in medical and public health needs. Especially after GEJE, the medical needs for
non-communicable diseases and mental health rather than trauma are prominent because of resilient
buildings, aging of the community and focusing more on mental health. Additional improvements are
already active.

Thus, flexibility and preparedness of medical and public health response is mandatory. Academia cancontribute by research and development to improve disaster medicine. Agent-based or system dynamics
simulation provides a better insight of disaster situation without costing human life. Ebola Virus Disease
is a highly infectious and lethal disease and its outbreak claimed tens of thousands of lives in West

Africa in 2014. Using an agent-based simulation model, we can find the specific condition to sustain thepeople’s memory and educational level against this life-threatening hazard. In conclusion, DRR shouldbe people-centered and the collaboration of health and all other DRR clusters is the best way to protect
people’s physical and mental health understanding the change of health risks in disaster.

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Towards disaster risk reduction city – Tagajo~Disaster-resilient city~
Takumi Fujimura
Bureau of Reconstruction Promotion, Office of Mayor, Tagajo City

Tagajo City is located in the eastern region of Miyagi Prefecture near Sendai City, about 12 kilometers awayfrom central Sendai, with a population of 62,000. Tagajo City was greatly damaged by the Great East Japan
Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011. The tsunami hit the city approximately one hour after the earthquake. The

highest wave reached 4.6 meters. One-third (662 ha) of the city was inundated by water, and about 12,000
people fled to evacuation sites such as schools.

A severe and inconvenient evacuation life started. As a result of the tsunami, a total of 188 precious lives

were lost, and over 11,000 houses were destroyed in the city. Factories and offices in the industrial area were
almost totally destroyed. Before the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, it was estimated that there

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was a 99% probability of an earthquake within 30 years off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture. Therefore, citizens
were relatively prepared for earthquakes, and most were aware of how terrifying tsunamis were. At thesame time, however, most people knew that Tagajo City was never affected by tsunamis in the past, and thus

adopted the mentality that Tagajo would be unaffected even after the large-scale tsunami warning was issued.
As a result, some people did not evacuate quickly, and others who evacuated by cars were caught in trafficjams, causing many injuries and loss of lives.

There are four major points in the DRR city strategy.
1.
2.

“Developing a disaster-resilient city.” Four strategies have been drawn up, centering on the constructionof infrastructure.

“Increasing DRR capability based on self-help and mutual help.” Two strategies have been implemented

so that citizens and local communities can cope with disasters by themselves, rather than depending fully
on local administrations.

3. “Sharing disaster experience.” The aim of this strategy is to pass on the experience of disasters accurately
to future generations so that they are not forgotten.

4. “DRR technology.” This is a strategy that enables companies to maximize their strength and be involvedin projects that only regions damaged by the disaster can engage in, enabling these areas to turn thedisaster experience into something productive and positive.

Under the four goals, eight implementation strategies were established.
Strategy 1: “Building multiple barriers for tsunami.”

Although sea walls will be constructed along the coast as a result of the damages seen in the 2011 disaster,these are only sufficient to cope with tsunamis that will strike once in 100 years. Therefore, when a hugetsunami that occurs once in 1,000 years strikes, overflow and flooding will result. This strategy aims to

overcome this situation by considering evacuation as the basic policy, even though multiple barriers will
be built. Specifically, main projects include the development of evacuation announcement facilities to send

information accurately and swiftly, the construction of evacuation roads, the designation of temporary escapebuildings to rescue people who are unable to evacuate, and the building of barriers to reduce the force and21speed of tsunamis.

Strategy 2: “Developing earthquake-resilient city.”This strategy aims to increase earthquake-resistant roads and bridges, and to promote the retrofit ofwooden buildings to make them earthquake-resistant.
Strategy 3: “Minimizing flood damage.”

There is a higher risk of flooding due to the fact that the ground has sunk after the Great East Japan

Earthquake and Tsunami, and due to a recent trend of heavy rain in a short period of time. To overcome
this problem, projects such as the development of a rainwater draining system and the construction of
new rainwater drain pumps have been planned.

Strategy 4: “Developing a disaster response system.”During the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, the number of people who evacuated was far

greater than previously estimated. Thus, evacuation support was insufficient. By reflecting on thatexperience, we have reviewed our disaster response system.
Strategy 5: “Enhancing self-help ability.”

The aim of this strategy is to enable citizens themselves to prepare for disasters. Paired with Tohoku

University’s International Research Institute of Disaster Science, we have developed the DRR handbookthat outlines measures on how to cope with and prepare for disasters. We have been holding classes for
citizens making use of this handbook.

Strategy 6: “Strengthening community DRR capacity.”This strategy aims for the improvement of DRR capacity, as well as mitigation of local communities bysuch tactics as voluntary emergency drills.
Strategy 7: “Sharing disaster experience.”

Many pictures of the 2011 disaster were taken, and it is crucial to preserve and compile those records
carefully, and to share it with future generations.
Strategy 8: “DRR Research Park Program.”

This strategy seeks to promote DRR technology development as well as the accumulation and creation ofindustries using DRR technology by utilizing space created from factories damaged by the earthquake.

As well as to promote the DRR city strategy, the city felt the need to enhance urban development

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to accomplish recovery and reconstruction. For this reason, the Tagajo City Library was built, combining
restaurants, a book store, childcare center and a parents’ support center. The aim is to create the best cultural
hub in the Tohoku region.

Tagajo City experienced tremendous loss due to the tsunami. To change the way of thinking from negative

to positive to promote urban development, the city will go on with strong determination to carry out DRR
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measures and reconstruction.

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Disaster Prevention Learning in Elementary
School after the Great East Japan Earthquake
and Tsunami
Kiyoshi Araake
Principal, Kouya Elementary School in Watari town

After the 2011 great East Japan earthquake and tsunami, our school has been implementing DRR methods

and education in our daily activities. It has been seven years since the disaster, and because most of the young

people today do not remember it, using topics or terms that are familiar to them is important, as that would
make them understand that it might also happen to them in the near future.

For example, to attract their attention, the class started with the words “There was a big disaster sometime ago in Miyagi prefecture—yes, where we live now,” like an old story was being told. This is an easier andmore effective approach for students to learn DRR in the regular curriculum, as DRR elements are introducedin each grade level or in regular subjects. Several facts about tsunamis were shared in class, such as how they

cover a distance of 100 meters in 10 seconds, which is as fast as Olympic runners so that students gain a better
understanding of tsunamis and, thus, prepare for them. This teaches the students that they cannot win a race

against a tsunami the same way they cannot win against an Olympic sprinter. This way, students realize thatonce a tsunami hits, they will get caught in it. In math class, the students placed rulers on their own bodies
to understand how high a 30-centimeter wave is; even a small tsunami of that height can wash people away.

Simultaneously, the students also felt how strong the water pressure is in their swimming classes during thesummer.

DRR education can be integrated into regular subjects such as math (recognizing magnitude), science(water action), and social studies (geography and the Japanese constitution). Furthermore, some emotional
stories regarding the disaster were shared with the students so they feel the agony of the whole experience. An

example of this was when a digital camera with priceless memories was lost when it was washed away by thetsunami. Another was when my brand-new car was lost because of the raging waters. Moreover, appreciative
statements were also shared in class, such as the expression of gratitude for relief aid and to volunteers after
the 2011 tsunami. It is important to encourage children to develop the initiative to support others during

disasters and to offer a helping hand to their friends when they are in trouble. Although the objective of
our DRR education is to “protect lives,” it also aims to promote a healthy mind-set among children througheducation.

In the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, vast amounts of private property were lost, and people were forced tolive under difficult conditions. However, at the same time, people tried to get creative to survive under theseinconvenient and difficult circumstances. Students who did not experience the 2011 disaster were taught that
tremendous recovery efforts made it possible for people to return to their normal lives, which is extremely
precious.

As the class ended, stories of recent disasters, such as the heavy rains and flooding in West Japan, wereshared, and our students expressed sympathy and encouragement to children in the affected areas, who are
currently going through a difficult time.

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Nowcasting and Forecasting Major
Earthquakes
John Rundle
Distinguished Professor and Senior Advisor to APRU MH Program,
Departments of Physics and Geology, University of California Davis

Nowcasting, Forecasting and Prediction – What’s the Difference?
●

A nowcast is a determination of the current state of a complex dynamical system using indirect means.

An example of a nowcast is: “A region in a circle of radius 100 km around Sendai is 30% through its●

earthquake cycle for a magnitude 6 earthquake.”

A deterministic prediction can be defined as a deterministic statement that can be verified by a single

observation. An example of a prediction is: “There will be a magnitude 6 earthquake next week in Sendai●

within 100 km of Sendai.”

A probabilistic forecast can be defined as a statement of probability that requires multiple observations

to establish a confidence level. An example of a forecast is: “There is a 40% chance of a magnitude 6
earthquake within 200 km of Sendai during 2018.”

Nowcasting

Nowcasting is a term originating from economics and finance.

It refers to the process of determining the uncertain state of
the economy or markets at the current time by indirect means.

We apply this idea to seismically active regions, where thegoal is to determine the current state of the fault system, andits current level of progress through the earthquake cycle. In

our implementation of this idea, we use the global catalog ofearthquakes, using "small" earthquakes to determine the levelof hazard from "large" earthquakes in the region.

Our method does not involve any model other than the ideaof an earthquake cycle. Rather, we define a specific region anda specific large earthquake magnitude of interest, ensuringthat we have enough data to span at least ~20 or more large
earthquake cycles in the region. We then compute theearthquake potential score (EPS) which is defined as the
cumulative probability distribution P(n<n(t)) for the current
count n(t) for the small earthquakes in the region.

From the count of small earthquakes since the last large

earthquake, we determine the value of EPS = P(n<n(t)). EPS
is therefore the current level of hazard, and assigns a number
between 0% and 100% to every region so defined, thus
providing a unique measure. Physically, the EPS corresponds

to an estimate of the level of progress through the earthquake
cycle in the defined region at the current

26

ForecastingThis lecture reviewed and discussed a currently operating
real time earthquake forecast for California and theworld. The forecast method was described in terms of thestandard model of elastic rebound theory of earthquakes,
and also provide a guide to its use and interpretation of
results. The forecast methodology includes both a forecast

and a residential damage estimator The basic forecast

Presentations

method was then reduced to practice and is currently onlineat www.openhazards.com. A mobile app (“QuakeWorks”)

implementing the forecast can be downloaded from theApple App Store.

The earthquake forecast provides a computation of theprobability of a major earthquake occurring in a user-defined
region over the next 3 months, 1 year, or 3 years. Magnitude
ranges of earthquakes calculated for the forecast are M= >5,>6, >7, and >8. The forecast probabilities, which can changevery rapidly in time, make use of a real-time seismic catalog

comprised of the USGS earthquake catalog, updated with the
30-day real time feed. Calculations are performed daily atabout 21:30 Pacific Time and are then updated on the web site at about midnight Pacific Time.

Both prospective and retrospective (“backtesting”) have been performed on the general forecast methods

to determine accuracy and reliability, yielding a 1-year accuracy of about 80%-85% in space and time.

Testing has used standard methods of forecast validation and verification developed in other fields. The
forecast is extensible, and is used as input to a standard ground motion algorithm, which is then used as
input to a published structural damage model. The damage model assumes that structures conform to theInternational Building Code applicable at the time they were built.

The resulting calculations allow the user to obtain an estimate of the probability of an earthquake,the resulting peak ground acceleration, and the likely damage to residential structures having specified
properties.

27

28

29

GROUP WORKThe following questions were given to four groups:
1)

Develop a DRR project proposal that applies and uses your research results/findings. It

has to include both natural science and social science perspectives.

2) Who needs to get involved in project implementation? What are their roles in the project?
GROUP A: Their idea was based on Goal 11 of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs): Make cities and human settlements inclusive,
safe, resilient, and sustainable.

Their proposed project is titled “Reducing vulnerability by increasingsocial capital in an urban aging society in Japan.” Their research question

is “What is the best strategy to increase the social capital of the elderly in Kobe to reduce vulnerability todisaster post-recovery?”In 1995, the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake hit Kobe City in Japan. While effective recovery efforts have led

to the accomplishment of physical reconstruction, social vulnerability has not been solved or reduced.

The group considered that the issue can be addressed by strengthening social capital and creating social
connections among the elderly. Suggested activities include (1) collecting baseline data on elderly peopleand (2) developing activities that can increase their interactions with the community. This would require theparticipation of various stakeholders (academia for data collection, local governments, communities, etc.).

30

Group B: Equitable access to health services in times of disaster

It is crucial to maintain the same level of health care and service evenduring a disaster. Equitable access to health services in times of disasterrequires a strong infrastructure, community insurance, and an adequate

capacity of health workers and medical personnel such as nurses anddoctors. The project proposes the inclusion of infrastructure improvement;

capacity development of health volunteers, nurses, and midwifes; andhealth-care provisions on mental health, reproductive health, and communicable and non-communicablediseases, among others.

Group work discussions

31

GROUP C: Local DRR and management planThis group proposed to develop a local DRR management plan that

includes a hazard map, a risk map, and an early-warning system forearthquakes. This plan will be applied by local government and would
need to be reviewed every 10 years. To implement this management
plan, local governments have to apply science and technology, such as

remote sensing, to understand the disaster risks in their areas. Therefore,

collaboration with academia/research institutes is crucial. In addition, to develop an early-warning system,
conduct DRR education, and hold evacuation drills, support and cooperation with various stakeholders such ascommunity leaders and civil society are also necessary.

32

GROUP D: DRR plan based on disaster management cycle

This group proposed to develop a comprehensive DRR plan that covers theentire disaster management process—response, recovery, mitigation, andpreparedness. The first activity would be to assess hazards, vulnerability,and exposure. Based on these evaluations, an early-warning system and adisaster education program should be developed. During disasters, local
governments especially need to prepare to provide immediate assistancesuch as tents and temporary housing. During the recovery stage, communities need to be considered to be
involved in reconstruction efforts, as it is critical for them to learn to foster a sense of resilience as they rebuild
their own lives.

Group work discussions

33

34

35

Field trip with the participants from the APRU member universities toIshinomaki city and Onagawa town on 25 July 2018

The participants joined the field trip to the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in2011. The places include the former Okawa Elementary School in Ishinomaki, Onagawa Station and the Sea Pal
Pear Onagawa in Onagawa, and the Arahama Elementary School in Sendai.
Ms. Constance Chua
PhD student, Nanyang Technological University
Though unfortunate, the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake tsunami provided an opportunity – a classroom for
us to learn about the complexities of disasters and disaster management. There are not many opportunities assuch in the world which allows us to witness the aftermath of a disaster and engage with the local community
to understand what happened on that day itself and what could they/we have done better.

The trip to the former Okawa Elementary School was an eye-opener for me. Coming from Singapore which

has not suffered from natural hazards or experienced natural disasters of this scale, seeing the destructionthat has been sustained by the school and hearing about the losses that the community has to go through haveinvoked a lot of emotions in me. The empty classrooms and the broken ceilings served to remind us of thefragility of mankind.

Many of the guides, whom we talked to, were survivors of the tsunamis. They have provided vivid accountof what they have experienced during the tsunami, and detailed explanations of the choices and decisions they
have made at that point. I really appreciate the guides who were doing their part for the community, by keeping
the memory of the tsunami and in doing so, keep the spirits of those who have passed on.

One main lesson that I have taken away from the fieldtrip is that disasters are extremely complex, and manya times, victims of such disasters have no concept of what is happening and how to react accordingly. When ahazard occurs, the outcomes are not always straightforward and they can affect decision-making in the process.
Having lived in post-earthquake Christchurch, I was able to compare the recovery process between

Christchurch and Tohoku, both of which have sustained significant damage and losses one month after another.
From our trip to Onagawa town, which is still in the process of recovery, I was able to pick out some similarities
and differences and also identify measures that both countries can adopt and learn from each other. This

fieldtrip has definitely enhanced my knowledge of disaster recovery processes and also issues associated withthem.

I would like to thank the organising committee of APRU and local guides who have made this fieldtrip

possible. I would also like to thank Izumi-sensei for providing English translations during the trip, which has

made it so much easier and enjoyable for the participants. The fieldtrip was very well-organised and well-paced. It gave participants time to take in the information and knowledge which was shared during the trip,

as well as process their emotions in face of the magnitude that is this disaster. I have learnt much from thefieldtrip, and definitely enjoyed the experience.

36

Field trip

Okawa Elementary School, Ishinomaki

Mr. Kristian Azul

Assistant Professor, University of the Philippines Diliman
As my area of research has been geotechnical earthquake engineering since my undergraduate days, I
am always looking forward to the chance of going to the sites affected by earthquakes. I recognize thatminimization of casualties in such events can only be fully realized if the technical research/hard engineering
measures are tailored together with social and cultural understanding of the sites and its residents (community
size, culture, location, population make-up, etc.).

The schools that were damaged by the tsunami reminded me of how great the danger really is. It’s a different

experience to see numbers in your study (tsunami height and earthquake shaking intensity predictions) and toactually see how much damage it can do (pushing a door or wall into a structure, breaking a structural columnof a building). The trip also made me realize how important it is that the residents understand the magnitudeof damages that are being relayed to them like height of a tsunami or the force of shaking. It is very much

possible that people are told that the tsunami will be a certain height, and still, they are not exactly familiar as
to how tall that measurement is relative to the structures that they usually see/use. It is even harder for them37

to visualize how strong an earthquake can be or a tsunami force is just by imagining it. It is imperative now
that, when we discuss disaster management and plans to the residents, we are able to show them the things

we are discussing with them in a manner that they can easily visualize the dangers. For example, comparing atsunami height with a nearby building or having a demonstration of how much shaking can be expected using
shaking tables that can carry people on them. This can also help them make better decisions should they seethat the disaster happening is of a greater scale that what was expected and taught to them.

We also visited a site that has been reconstructed significantly already after that 2011 earthquake. I amvery much grateful for this part of the trip as this made me realize again that my plan to study DRR on bothengineering and community planning side is a choice that will, hopefully, benefit many in the future. It showedme how much engineering planning and community involvement must be bridged better so that everyone

understands why certain things are done. While engineers always do what is best for everyone’s safety, it isvery possible that what they have planned is inefficient for the community (placement of residential areas, banof usage in high risk areas, restriction of certain activities). By communicating with the residents, engineersand planners can make plans and structures more suited to the community so that it can address both safety
and convenience for the people. As it is, everything in this world is a compromise, and I believe it is sensible
to listen to the voices of the people who will be part of the communities that will be planned and rebuilt aftera disaster. In reconstruction, it is also important to look at new information that we not around before thedisaster, and keep those in mind in rebuilding and making better communities and evacuation plans.

Overall, the trip reminded me that everyone has to work together both before, during, and after a disaster.

It is never just the government’s work, or engineer’s work, or the residents’ work that will make a community
survive and build back better after a disaster. The combination of hard engineering measures, proper urban

planning, and soft measures (evacuation planning, etc.) will all work together to help us achieve zero deaths
and minimal damages to properties. More importantly, never forget the lessons from the past – keep them alive
in different forms such as art and literature (stories and poetry) – as the people who survived will be gonesomeday but their knowledge should be passed on to the next generations.

38Field trip

Onagawa town

Arahama Elementary School, Sendai
39

ANNEX I: APRU-IRIDeS Summer School Program
24, 26-27 July: Seminar at the IRIDeS building on the Aobayama New Campus, Tohoku
University
25 July: Field trip to Ishinomaki city and Onagawa town

24 July:
Lessons learnt from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
08 : 20 ― 08 : 45 Registration (please be seated by 8:45am)
08 : 50 ― 09 : 05 Opening

		Opening remarks by Prof. Fumihiko Imamura (IRIDeS)

Welcome address by Ms. Christina Schönleber (APRU Secretariat)

09 : 05 ― 09 : 50 Movie [Great Tsunami]

09: 50 ― 10 : 20 “Overview of the International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku
University” by Prof. Kiyoshi Itoh (IRIDeS)

10 : 20 ― 10 : 40 Coffee break

10 : 40 ― 11 : 35 “International strategy for disaster risk reduction: implementation of the

Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction (SFDRR)” by Prof. Takako Izumi(IRIDeS)

11 : 35 ― 12 : 35 “The problem of embankment” by Prof. Katsuya Hirano (IRIDeS)
12 : 35 ― 13 : 50 Lunch

14 : 00 ― 14 : 10 Welcome address by President Hideo Ohno, Tohoku University

14 : 10 ― 14 : 20 Group photo

14 : 20 ― 15 : 20 “Urban Disaster Risk Reduction: Japan as a disaster-prone country and learning from pastdisasters” by Prof. Osamu Murao (IRIDeS)

15 : 20 ― 16 : 20 “Approaches of social sciences to disaster mitigation” by Prof. Sebastien Boret (IRIDeS)
16 : 20 ― 16 : 35 Coffee break

16 : 35 ― 17 : 35 “Medical and Public Health Needs in Disaster” by Prof. Shinichi Egawa (IRIDeS)
18 : 30 ―Reception at Hotel Metropolitan Sendai

25 July: Field trip

[Course A (APRU team)]
Sendai Station → Okawa Elementally School (Ishinomaki City) → Onagawa town →Arahama Elementally School(Sendai City) → Sendai Station[Course B (YLP team)]

Sendai Station → Arahama Elementary School (Sendai City) → KIRIN Beer Port Sendai (Sendai)→ Ishinomaki Community & Info Center → Sendai Station40

26 July:
Role of different stakeholders: Academia, Local government and NGO
09 : 30 ― 10 : 15

“APRU Introduction” by Ms. Christina Schönleber (APRU Secretariat)

10 : 15 ― 11 : 30 “Towards disaster risk reduction city -Tagajo ~disaster resilient city~”
by Mr. Takumi Fujimura (Tagajo City)

11 : 30 ― 11 : 45 Coffee break

11 : 45 ― 13 : 00 “Disaster Prevention Learning in Elementary School after the Great East

Japan Earthquake and Tsunami” by Mr. Kiyoshi Araake (Kouya Elementary School)

13 : 00 ― 14 : 00 Lunch
14 : 00 ― 15 : 00

“Innovation and Leadership; A Luxury to Necessity” by Mr. Takeshi Komino(Church World Service)

15 : 00 ― 16 : 30 Group work 1: Learning from each other: Poster presentation (including coffee break)
16 : 30 ― 17 : 00 Group presentation

27 July :Seminar and Group work
9 : 00 ― 10 : 00

10 : 00 ― 11 : 00

11 : 00 ― 11 : 15
11 : 15 ― 12 : 15

“Nowcasting and Forecasting Major Earthquakes” by Prof. John Rundle(University of California Davis)“Instructive Warning by Media and Transdisciplinary Approach”

by Prof. Kuniyoshi Takeuchi (University of Yamanashi)
Coffee break“APRU Multi-Hazard Summer Seminar Climate Change and Disaster”

by Dr Riyanti Djalante (UNU)

12 : 15 ― 13 : 15 Lunch

13 : 15 ― 14 : 15 “Economic impacts of natural disasters: a survey” by Prof. Nori Tarui

14 : 15 ― 15 : 30

15:30―15:45
15:45―16:30
16:30―16:45(University of Hawaii, Manoa)
Group work 2:

3) Please develop a DRR project proposal that applies and uses your research results/
findings. It has to include both natural and social science perspective.

4) Who needs to get involved in the project implementation?
What are their roles in the project?

Coffee breakGroup presentation
Closing

41

ANNEX II: List of Participants

1)

APRU Summer School ParticipantsName

1 Shabir Ahmad Kabirzad

Assistant Professor

3 Srinivas Vivek Bokkisa

Master Student

2 Guangzhi Wang

Master Student

University location

University/Organization

Afghanistan

Kabul University

China

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)

Indonesia

Unversitas Indonesia

China

Master Student

6 Syamsidik

Vice Director of TDMRC Indonesia

Syiah Kuala University

8 Ai Tashiro

PhD Student

Tohoku University

7 Yeoju Jung

Research AssistantIndonesia

Fudan University

4 Nida Hanifah Nasir

5 Ike Pujiriani Sadjiman

PhD StudentJapan

9 M M Aeorangajeb Al Hossain PhD StudentJapan

10 Kotoe Uchiyama

PhD Student

Japan

Japan

Unversitas Indonesia

Tohoku University

Nagoya University

Nagoya University

11 Moeka Yokosawa

Undergraduate Student Japan

Miyagi Gakuin Women's University

13 Martin Garcia Fry

Research Student

IRIDeS, Tohoku University

12 Megumi Nishigawa

Doctoral Student

Japan

Japan

University of Kochi

14 Paoloregel Bagongahasa Samonte Student

Japan

United Nation University

16 Hastoro Dwinantoaji

Japan

University of Kochi

15 Meghana Shukla

Student

Graduate Student

Japan

17 Masyitha Retno Budiati Kiraman PhD Student

Japan

19 Gerardo Castaneda Garza

Mexico18 Kamilia Sharir
20

Christian Rodriguez
OrozcoMaster Student

PhD Student

Assistant Professor

United Nation University

Tohoku University

Malaysia

The National University of Malaysia (UKM Bangi)

Philippines

University of the Philippines Diliman

Tecnologico de Monterrey

21 Ramon Iñigo Mequi Espinosa Associate Coordinator Philippines

Philippine School of Business Administration

23 Kristine Aspiras

University of the Philippines Diliman

22 Kristian Macalalad Azul

Assistant Professor

Philippines

24 Emmanuel M. Luna

Professor

Philippines

Assistant Professor

Philippines

25 Suyi Wong

Laboratory Technologist Singapore

27 Ozge Uzunkol

Public Officer

26 Constance Chua

42

Title

PhD Student

Singapore

TurkeyUniversity of the Philippines Diliman
University of the Philippines

National University of Singapore

Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Directorate of Earthquake and Ground ResearchName

28 Sema Kara

Title

Public Officer

University location
TurkeyIstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Directorate of Earthquake and Ground Research

Japan

University of Yamanashi

29 Christina Schönleber

Director for Policy and Programs China

31 Nori Tarui

Professor

30 Kuniyoshi Takeuchi

Professor Emeritus

Japan

32 Riyanti Djalante

Academic Programme Officer Japan

34 Takumi FujimuraJapan

33 Kiyoshi Araake

Principal

Japan

35 Takeshi Komino

General SecretaryJapan

37 Kiyoshi Ito

Deputy Director

36 Fumihiko Imamura
38 Osamu Murao

39 Shinichi Egawa

40 Katsuya Hirano

Director

Professor

Professor

Japan

Japan

Japan

Japan

Associate Professor Japan

41 Sébastien Penmellen Boret Asisstant ProfessorJapan

42 Akihiro Shibayama

Associate Professor Japan

44 John Rundle

Distinguished Professor USA

43 Takako Izumi

University/Organization

Associate Professor JapanAPRU International Secretariat
University of Hawaii, Manoa

United Nations University
Kouya Elementary School
Tagajo City Government

Church World Service (CWS)
Tohoku University [IRIDeS]

Tohoku University [IRIDeS]

Tohoku University [IRIDeS]

Tohoku University [IRIDeS]

Tohoku University [IRIDeS]

Tohoku University [IRIDeS]

Tohoku University [IRIDeS]

Tohoku University [IRIDeS]

University of California Davis

2) Participants from Northeast Asia Economic Forum’s Young Leaders Program (Joined the summer school only on 24-25 July)
Name

Title

University location

University/Organization

1 Fangfei Jiang

Assistant Research Fellow / Foreign Affairs Officer China

Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

3 Hechong Wang

Senior Associate

PICC Investment Holding Company Limited

2 Ji Miao

4 Tiange Wu

5 Nikolai Mukhin

Assistant Professor / Research Fellow

China

Master student

China

PhD student

China
China

6 Hyorim Lee

Masters studentJapan

8 Yoshinori Shimosakai

PhD studentJapan

7 Kyoko Yanagi

Research Associate

Japan

Center for China-Japan-Korea Trilateral Cooperation, China Foreign Affairs University
Nankai University

The University of Hong Kong

Kyoto University

Japan Electric Power Information Center, Inc.
Tohoku University

43

Name

University location

9 Muzhen Liu

Masters student

Japan

11 Siele Kipkorir Weldon

Masters student

Japan

Assistant Director

Korea

Staff

Korea

University/Organization

Tohoku University

MA student in Economics Japan

Tohoku University

Vice Chairman

Japan

Board Member of Northeast Asian Studies & Exchange Network , Japan

14 Kyle Ferrier

Director of Academic Affairs and Research Korea

Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI)

16 Jongseo Lee

Intern

API Korea Intern

10 Zheqin Chen

12 Yasuhiro Chiba

13 Weonbin Choy
15 Junhyun Jun

Korea

Tohoku University

Ministry of Strategy and Finance
API Korea

17 Sungwoong (Brice) Park

Global supply manager Korea

Apple

19 Bayartsengel Batjargal

Lecturer

Mongolia

Department of International Relations, National University of Mongolia
Mongol Global LLC

18 Lee-Jay Cho

20 Ariunaa Damdinsuren

Chairman

Korea

Research Fellow

Mongolia

21 Enkhzul Ganzorig

Project Manager

Mongolia

23 Olga Petrova

Manager

Russia22 Wrenn Yennie

24 Ekaterina Polkhova

Research Fellow
PhD student

NorwayRussia25 Elena Soboleva

Lecturer

27 Mikhail Tomilov

Post-graduate student Russia

26 Evgeniya Tolstoguzova

28 Xi Hu

29 Wentao Zhou

30 Thomas Giles

RussiaInstitute of International Affairs, Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NIIPI)Higher School of Economics, National Research University (Moscow, Russia)
Saint Petersburg State University

The Russian Language and Culture InstituteFederal State Unitary Enterprise Rossiya Segodnya International Information Agency

LWP Post-doctoral Fellow USA

Harvard University

Ph.D. student
PhD student

USA

USA

Academic Affairs Program Officer USA

33 Walter Thulin

Undergraduate student USA

34 Mel Lorenzo Accad

Northeast Asia Economic Forum

Chief Specialist of International Projects Center Russia

31 April Goodwin

32 Nicholas Seltzer

44

Title

Masters student

USA

Staff

USA

Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
University of Wisconsin - Madison
Florida International University

University of Hawaii at Manoa

Middlebury Institute of International Studies

Yale University
NEAEF

International Research Instituteof Disaster Science (IRIDeS),
Tohoku University
Regional and Urban Reconstruction Research Division468-1-S401, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-0845, Japan
TEL: +81-22-752-2073
http://aprumh.tohoku.ac.jp/
Mail: application̲apruss@irides.tohoku.ac.jp

The APRU International Secretariat

3019, 3/F, IAS Building, HKUSTClear Water Bay, Hong Kong
TEL: +852-3469 2552 FAX: +852-2719 5756
http://apru.org/ Mail: apru@apru.org