IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

IEEJ:August 2016

COUNTRY REPORT FOR MALAWIJICA TRAINING CENTER, TOKYO, JAPANBY
AUSTIN PATIKANI THEU
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AFFAIRS
31ST MAY, 2016
Energy Policy Training

IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

GENERAL COUNTRY INFORMATION
2Malawi is situated in South-East Africa and is a land-lockedcountry.
 Occupies 118,484 square kilometers with an estimatedpopulation of 17,419,395 (2015 est.).
 Bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to thenortheast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west Capital city is Lilongwe and English is the country’s officiallanguage
 Gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

GENERAL COUNTRY INFORMATION
3IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

GENERAL COUNTRY INFORMATION
4

The country identified energy as a priority sector inorder to address developments in other sectors such asAgriculture and Industry
 Has the lowest installed electricity generation capacityand electricity access at around 10% in the SADC region
 The government is committed to improving the security
and reliability of energy supply through implementationof a number of development projects which are aimed atincreasing the installed capacity and expansion andstrengthening of the electricity network
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CURRENT ENERGY POLICY AND MEASURES
5

1. National Energy Policy (2003)
Has outlived its life span and currently finalizing its
review together with other associated legislations
A draft Energy Policy(2016) in place awaiting national
validation by stakeholders
2. Legal Instruments
i.Energy Regulation Act (2004)
ii.Electricity Act (2004)
iii.Rural Electrification Act (2004)
iv.Liquid Fuels and Gas Act (2004)

IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

PAST ENERGY DEMAND AND SUPPLYSTATISTICS

62004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

245.85245.85245.8
5265.85285.85285.85285.85285.85285.85285.85351

212.5

231.69241.7

251.03241.88259.67273.01277.75277.88279.73323.91

Energygeneration(GWh)

1,179.30

1,368.83

1,390.81

1,453.06

1,543.00

1,642.02

1,809.17

1,871.88

1,911.51

1,828.2

1,906.51

Number ofConsumers

128,396

155,589

163,147

164,795

175,157

189,166

194,459

205,045

218,164

238,211

269,469308

389.91418.6
0434.63461.56502.08571.56593.85596.10577.65614.20149

182.54183.7
8197.55213.73226.16253.70250.43244.47214.96183.26483.4

490.24502.7
6512.17527.08577.84580.76612.23604.88613.82639.27

6.5

8.6

10.2

11.85

17.17

15.94

20.66

19.08

21.1

23.82

23.62

946.9

1071.291115.
341156.21219.541322.021426.68

1475.59

1,466.52

1,429.68

1460.35

YEAR
Installed
Hydro
Capacity(MW)
Maximum(Peak)
Demand(MW)Consumption
Domestic(GWh)
General(GWh)
PowerDemand(GWh)Export(GWh)
TotalConsumptionGWh)IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

PAST ENERGY DEMAND AND SUPPLYSTATISTICS

7IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

PAST ENERGY DEMAND AND SUPPLY STATISTICS
8Supply of Petroleum Products in Malawi
Malawi imports all its petroleum requirements through Mozambiqueand Tanzania.
The daily fuel demand for the country is 1.124 million litres.

The dominant petroleum products used are diesel and petrol as shownin figure below.
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OUTLOOK OF ENERGY DEMAND AND SUPPLY FORMALAWI9

Malawi is one of the least electrified countries
in the world with just 10% of the overall
population connected to electricity
Biomass is the dominant fuel for cooking bothin the urban and rural areas
Biomass is projected to remain dominant in
the country’s energy mix, but its contribution
will significantly decrease from over 90% in
2000 to below 50% by 2030 as shown in thefigure below.

IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

OUTLOOK OF ENERGY DEMAND AND SUPPLY FORMALAWI
10Energy Mix Projections 2000 – 2050

IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

ENERGY DEMAND SITUATION11

The current suppressed electricity demand in thecountry is around 400 MW against the total
generation capacity of 351 MW giving a deficit ofaround 49 MW
Recent studies done by Government and ESCOM
shows that the total electricity use in the country
increases from 2105.9 GWh in 2015 to 2978.97
GWh in 2020 for the Low Scenario and to3383.33 GWh and 3755.36 GWh for the Base andHigh Scenarios respectively as shown in thefigure below.

IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

ENERGY DEMAND SITUATION
12Total Energy Demand (Gwh)IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

ENERGY DEMAND SITUATION
13

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR

Electricity consumption in Malawi is mainly dominated bythe household sector at 41% as shown in the figure below.

IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

ENERGY DEMAND SITUATION
14ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH DRIVERS
Mining Sector (800MW)
Manufacturing and processing (700MW)
Domestic Demand (700MW)
Service Sector (500MW)
Green Belt Irrigation Initiative (130MW)
Among other strategies in place to meet thisdemand, GOM is planning to develop additional
power stations from different sources

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ENERGY SUPPLY OPTIONS AND RESOURCES
15

1. FOSSIL FUELS
Coal
Hydrocarbons
Uranium
2. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Hydro-Malawi’s electricity system is currently
100% fed from renewable energy resource, hydroin particular and 99% from one river (shire)
Wind-speeds of 2-7m/s
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ENERGY SUPPLY OPTIONS AND RESOURCES
16

Solar-8 to 12 sunshine hours per day of round244w/m2/day.The total available solar energy
potential estimated at 356,284,837MWh/year
 Biomass- Main source of energy for cooking at
97% of primary energy consumed in thecountry Geothermal- over 60 hot springs documented
in Malawi with maximum surface temperatures
recorded at 79°C

IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

CHALLENGES FACED IN FORMULATING ENERGYPOLICIES
17

Inadequate Human Resources Nonexistence of National Energy Data Base
 Inadequate Funding for The Energy Sector
IEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

SUBJECTS OF INTEREST
18Survey Techniques for Energy Data Collection
 Construction of Energy Mixes and Balance Tables
 Energy Supply and Demand ForecastingIEEJ：August 2016 © IEEJ2016

19

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