IEEJ: 2006年3月掲載

East Asian Energy Efficiency Co-operation(EAEEC)

Comment
Christian Egenhofer
Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS)
Brussels

EAEEC
Tokyo, 28 February 2006
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IEEJ: 2006年3月掲載

General comments
Important and timely initiative as part of post-2012 discussion→ important bottom-up complement to “top-down”
approaches- practical & pragmatic- limited (but expanding?)- action-oriented
Very much in same direction as EU initiatives

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EU initiatives with China and India(built on Five element EU post-2012 strategy)
1. Build on Kyoto Protocol – using its successful
elements, including flexible mechanisms
2. Broaden participation
3. Include more sectors and all gases
4. Deploy and develop technologies
5. Adapt to the effects of residual climate change

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The India-EU Strategic Partnership Joint Action
PlanEnvironment• Including dialogue on global environmental issues such asclimate changeEnergy• Energy Panel with working groups on1) Energy efficiency and renewable energies2) Coal and clean coal conversion technologies
3) Fusion energy including India’s membership in ITER.

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Specific co-operation on:- Promoting energy efficiency and energy conservation;- Development of affordable clean energy technologies;- Identification of new technologies in the field of new, renewable,
conventional and non-conventional energy sources;- Oil and gas, with a view to promoting security of supplies andstability in prices;- Nuclear energy;- Technology and expertise in exchange of energy between different
grid systems and development of energy markets;- Development of hydrogen and fuel cells;- Methane recovery and use.
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Voluntary practical measures, to betaken forward at successive IndiaEU Summits

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EU Cooperation with China: overview
More than 20 years of cooperation in the energy sector….
• EU-China High Level Working Group on Energy (MOST)(1995)- EU-China Action Plan on Clean Coal Technologies (March 2005)- EU-China Action Plan on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies(March 2005)• EU-China Energy Conference (MOST)(1996)• EU-China Energy and Environment Programme (2004)(€42 million – EC
contribution €20)
• EU-China High Level Dialogue on Energy and Transport Strategies (NDRC)(March - Sept. 2005)• Cooperation on concrete projects in the field of energy research through EU
research framework programmes• Resources: Policy dialogue, Energy & Environment Programme, 6th ResearchFramework Programme (€2.12/3.3 billion 2002-2006 increasing to €11.3billion from 2007-2013), further resources being identified
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EU-China Action Plan on Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energies (March 2005)
Energy efficiency-Energy audits to identify savings potential
Improvement of motor and air compressor efficiency
Replace industry boilers with condensing boilers
Identify potential for CHPImprove lighting efficiency

Renewable energy-Cooperation projects on biofuels
Identify potential for offshore wind power
Cooperation projects on solar energy

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EU experience with energy efficiency•Many barriers to energy efficiency: lack of information,lack of interest, lack of finance, no management focus, noor split incentives (tenant-landlord relationship) principallyin building and household consumption.

•But energy prices matter too; without prices policy energy
efficiency policy will fail (EU ETS gives price signal,
triggering efficiency improvements).

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IPCC Scenarios
Final Energy

15 GT Carbon

671 EJ

Non-commercial
SolidsLiquids
Gas
Electricity

1002 EJ

Investment matters too:
Economic growth affects efficiency

16 Gt Carbon
Rapid economic
growth and rapid
introduction of newand more efficienttechnologies.

Intermediate growth,
local solutions, less
rapid
technologicalchange.

Source: WBCSD

2050 (B2-AIM)

2050 (A1B-AIM) 10

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Questions/comments
1. Link between energy efficiency and security is not so clear
in practice (Why does EU energy security improve if energy
import dependence is reduced from 70% to 65%?)
2. Big differences between sectors→ Tradable goods (appliances, white goods, cars) require
global standards→ Non-tradable goods (buildings, grids) may require
national or regional standards

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Detailed questions/comments
3. Role of Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms?
4. Energy efficiency standards create losers (and winners). EU
history is littered with watering down of standards.
5. Quantification is helpful.
6. There are many examples that industrial process areinefficient even in energy-intensive industries. Subsidies foraudits can be very efficient.

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IEEJ: 2006年3月掲載

CENTRE FOR
EUROPEAN
POLICYSTUDIES
Cegenhofer@ceps.bePlace du Congrès 1
B-1000 Brussels
T: +32 2 229 3911
F: +32 2 219 4151
www.ceps.be
お問い合わせ先: report@tky.ieej.or.jp

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