Attachment

Examples of Products and Technologies Developed and Deployed in the Course of Formulating, Implementing,
Evaluating, and Improving the Keidanren Action Plan on the Environment
Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan
Product/TechnologyHeat pumps

USC (ultra supercritical) pressure
thermal power generation

LNG combined cycle powergeneration

Integrated gasification combined

OutlineHeat pump technology can produce heat energy over input electricity by utilizing heat energy in the air,etc., and its energy efficiency is improving year by year through R&D efforts. Heat pumps are used in awide range of applications, including air conditioning, hot water supply, and space heating.
 The energy efficiency of household air conditioners has roughly doubled in the past 10 years, halving
electricity consumption.
 Heat pump technology is also used for commercial and residential water heaters, such as the Eco-Cutesystem which utilizes a natural refrigerant. Such systems have made a major contribution to reducing
energy consumption and CO2 emissions.
 In the industrial sector, higher heat temperature makes it possible to expand the areas of application,
including replacing conventional boilers with heat pump technology.
This is a conventional power generation system in which steam is generated by burning fuel using aboiler and electricity is generated using a steam turbine and generator. USC is designed to generate steamwith higher conditions (temperature and pressure) in order to raise thermal efficiency, and conditions
have now reached to 600°C-grade. Japanese utilities have been achieving higher thermal efficiency incoal-fired plants compared with those overseas.
This technology is the combination of a natural gas turbine system, which generates electricity bypressurized combustion gas in compressed air, and a conventional steam turbine system, which uses thesteam generated through the heat exchange from the exhaust gas of the gas turbine. It is possible to raise
thermal efficiency mainly by boosting the temperature of combustion gas, and Japanese utilities havebeen achieving world-leading efficiency levels.
This type of combined cycle system uses abundant coal resources as gasified fuel. This technology not1

Product/Technology
cycle (IGCC)

Hydroelectricity

Outlineonly enables a high level of efficiency compared with conventional coal-fired generation but also iscompatible with coal types that are not suitable for conventional coal-fired power generation due to their
low ash-melting point.
 Development of small hydroelectric power plants that make effective use of untapped energy sources,
such as minimum flows required for dam operation.
 Improvement of generator output, etc., in conjunction with the replacement of obsolete facilities atexisting power plants.

Japan Gas Association
Product/Technology

OutlineGas cogeneration system

Gas cogeneration systems use city gas as fuel to generate electricity and heat, and achieve high totalenergy efficiency.

Natural gas conversions to meetindustrial heat demand(high-efficiency burners)

Industrial combustion equipment such as furnaces and boilers that use fossil fuels are replaced orconverted to run on natural gas, which produces low CO2 emissions. Widespread use of highly efficientburners (regenerative burner systems, etc.) is encouraged to contribute to even greater reduction of CO2emissions.

Residential fuel cell system(“ENE-FARM”)“ENE-FARM” generates electricity using city gas or LPG, while using the waste heat generated in theprocess to produce hot water (including hot water for heating applications) for household use.
ENE-FARM achieves high total energy efficiency.

Latent heat recovery-type water “Eco-Jozu” is a highly efficient latent heat recovery-type water heater that captures and reuses latent heatheaters (“Eco-Jozu”)
that is exhausted through ventilation in conventional water heaters, achieving a high heat-efficiency rate2

Product/Technology

Outlineof around 95% (conventional water heaters have efficiency levels of around 80%).

Gas-fired solar hot water systemutilizing solar heat for householduse (“SOLAMO”)“SOLAMO” uses a gas-fired instantaneous water heater as a supplementary heat source for solar heatingdevices (gas water heating system using forced circulation solar heat).

Japan Chemical Industry Association
Product/Technology

OutlineEnergy conservation throughmaximum use of LNG cryogenic
energy in industrial complexes

Maximum use of the cryogenic properties of LNG, the raw material for city gas supply.

Cooperative energy-saving
schemes for multiple companies
through installation of large-scale
natural gas fired cogeneration
facilities using the ESCO modelInstallation of state-of-the-art, highly efficient large-scale natural gas fired cogeneration facilities tosupply electricity and steam to neighboring operators while establishing wide-area fuel partnerships withoperators in distant places.

Energy conservation at ethylene
plants through raw material
diversification

Reduction of energy use per production volume by partial switching of raw material from naphtha tobutane.

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Japan Paper Association
Product/Technology

OutlineBiomass boilers

Boilers using fuel derived from biomass and waste materials.

High-temperature, high-pressure
recovery boilers

Highly efficient high-temperature, high-pressure recovery boilers.

Energy-saving pulpers

Energy saving in the pulp manufacturing process, including introduction of pulpers with superior
disaggregation capabilities.

Four Electrical and Electronic Industry Associations
Product/Technology
Energy-saving appliances forhousehold and office use

Outline
Improved energy efficiency and reduced standby power consumption through development andintroduction of the following products (all percentages are approximate, and take 2011 as the base year
except LED light bulbs):
 LCD TVs (32V type): 55% energy saving compared to 2006
 PCs: 80% energy saving compared to 2007
 Electric refrigerators (401–450 liters): 65% energy saving compared to 2001
 Air conditioners (2.8 kW class): 14% energy saving compared to 2001
 LED light bulbs (typical bulb of around 10 W): 80% energy saving compared to regular 60 W typebulb (54 W)
 Heated toilet seats (instantaneous type): 15–60% energy saving compared to 2001

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Product/Technology

OutlineWidespread use of renewableenergy (new energy sources)

Achieved world-leading mass production and cost reduction in photovoltaic power generation andworld’s top level of cell conversion efficiency. Promoted widespread use of mega-solar generating
systems by reducing overall system costs through development of high-efficiency, high-capacity power
conditioners, etc. Launched world’s first fuel cell cogeneration system in 2005 and started selling toconsumers in 2009. Mass production and cost reductions have since been encouraging widespread use ofsuch systems, while technological advances have been increasing efficiency and system life.

IT-solution-based energy
conservation measures

Achieved energy savings for IT devices, data centers, and networks, and supplied systems utilizing IT tosave energy in applications including videoconferencing, cloud computing, air conditioner monitoring,and digital tachometers.

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
Product/Technology
Next-generation vehicles, etc.

OutlineAchieved major reductions in CO2 emissions during the product usage phase by increasing the adoptionof fuel efficiency improvement technologies, such as variable valve timing and continuously variabletransmission (CVT), and developing and wider diffusion of next-generation vehicles, including hybridvehicles and electric vehicles.

5Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association
Product/Technology

OutlineFuel-efficient tyres

Improved vehicle fuel economy by lowering the rolling resistance of tyres (thus reducing both gasoline
consumption and CO2 emissions). For the further promotion of fuel-efficient tyres, a world-leading “TyreLabeling System” was launched in 2010 and steadily promoted. This system provides consumers with aclear understanding of tyre performance (rolling resistance and wet grip).
Note: Conventional tyre design entailed a trade-off between rolling resistance and wet grip (safety), but
technological innovation has now enabled both attributes to be improved simultaneously.

Run-flat tyres

Run-flat tyres enable vehicles to safely keep running for a certain distance at limited speed even if airpressure is lost. Since this eliminates the need to carry a spare tyre, they also help to make vehicles lighterand reduce fuel consumption. Moreover, by reducing the production of spare tyres they contribute toresource savings, reduction of energy use for manufacturing, and lower CO2 emissions in the disposal
phase.

Retread tyres

Extending tyre life through the use of retreads (recycled tyres) contributes to reductions in the use of raw
materials and energy in manufacturing and lower CO2 emissions in the disposal phase.

Tyres using renewable materials

These tyres help to save diminishing resources and encourage the use of recycled materials in themanufacturing phase and lower CO2 emissions in the disposal phase.

Smaller, lighter parts

Smaller and lighter automotive components improve vehicle fuel efficiency, rubber parts reduce motiveenergy requirements, and plastic palettes reuse resources and improve fuel economy in the transportation
phase.

Energy-saving belts

Rubber belts with high transmission efficiency reduce energy loss during equipment operation (byreducing motive energy requirements).

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Product/Technology

OutlineThermal insulation building
materials, etc.

Development and supply of thermal insulation building materials and other green products (including
rigid urethane materials, highly transparent heat-reflective film for windows, and thermal insulation roofcoatings) reduce power consumption for air conditioning, etc.

Parts for energy-saving products

Development and deployment of film for solar cells, and development, improvement, and supply of
products compatible with energy-saving functions.

Energy-saving technologies for
manufacturing

Development and introduction of highly efficient production facilities and application of manufacturingexpertise.

Brewers Association of Japan
Product/TechnologyOutline

Energy fuel conversion andupgrading to small through-flowboilers

Fuel for boilers used to produce steam was switched from fuel oil to low-CO2-emission gas in breweries
where city gas supplies are available. Further major reductions in CO2 emissions were made by upgradingfrom large boilers to highly efficient small through-flow boilers.

Installation of anaerobic
wastewater treatment facilities

Major reduction in electricity required for aeration was achieved by installing anaerobic facilities topretreat wastewater emitted by the production process prior to aerobic treatment.

Installation of biogas
cogeneration systems

Using biogas generated during anaerobic wastewater treatment as a fuel has sharply reduced indirect CO2emissions associated with electricity purchase.

7Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Associations of Japan
Product/Technology
Reduction of fluorocarbons inaerosols

Outline
Improved manufacturing technologies and development and deployment of non-fluorocarbon
formulations, such as powder inhalants, have reduced emissions of hydrochlorofluorocarbon forinhalation aerosols during the usage phase.

Japan Sugar Refiners’ AssociationProduct/TechnologyOutline

Installation of auto-vapor
recompression concentrators

Steam emitted during production is adiabatically compressed in a steam compressor and the heatedpressurized steam is reused as a heat source.

Boiler downsizing

Installation of multiple small boilers enables producers to operate only the number of boilers required toproduce the necessary amount of steam, avoiding wasteful steam production.

Inverter-drive motors

Inverters adjust motor speed as required, reducing wasteful electricity consumption.

Real Estate Companies Association of Japan
Product/Technology
Energy-saving, low-emission
apartment buildings

OutlineIntroduction of energy-saving equipment and devices such as those listed below is promoting apartmentbuildings with comprehensive energy-saving and emission-reduction functions.
 Thermal load reduction: High-insulation exterior cladding, high-insulation window glass and sashes
 Lighting: LED lighting, motion sensors, light sensors
8Product/Technology

Outline Water heating: Eco-Jozu latent heat recovery-type gas-fired instantaneous water heaters, Eco-Cutenatural refrigerant heat pump water heaters
 Water saving: Low-flow shower heads, water-saving toilets, water-saving faucets
 Renewable energy: Photovoltaic power generation systems, gas-fired water heating systems using
solar heat

Energy-saving, low-emission
office buildings

Encouraged the design of buildings achieving energy-savings more than 10% greater than standards set
by government through introduction of energy-saving equipment and devices such as the following: Thermal load reduction: Enhanced building insulation, installation of louvers and sunshades,
high-insulation glass, double-skin exteriors, airflow windows, solar radiation control blinds
 Air conditioning: Highly efficient heat sources and air conditioning equipment, cogeneration systems,
thermal storage systems, radiant air conditioning Lighting: LED lighting, motion sensors, control systems compensating for daylight and reducing
initial illumination levels, task-ambient lighting
 Ventilation: Automated ventilation control based on CO2 levels, natural ventilation
 Water heating: Highly efficient water heaters, cogeneration systems utilizing waste heat Elevators: Inverter control, group control systems
 Renewable energy: Photovoltaic power generation systems, geothermal-powered systems
 Introduction of highly efficient building energy management systems (BEMS)

Energy-saving, low-emission
initiatives in wide-area/district
development projects

Introduction of measures such as those listed below when undertaking wide-area or district development
projects encourages energy conservation and lower CO2 emissions that also spread to surrounding areas.
 Wide-area energy interchange schemes and utilization of unused and renewable energy
 Promotion of greening of development sites
9Product/Technology

Outline Use of district heating and cooling systems
 Load averaging through mixed-use development
 Introduction of area energy management systems (AEMS)

Technologies to make everyday
energy consumption more visible
at homeDevelopment of display systems that further increase consumer interest in energy usage and desire toconserve energy, such as technologies enabling residents to monitor energy consumption by clearly
displaying amounts of gas and electricity used and systems displaying household energy use rankings inapartment blocks.

NTT Group
Product/Technology

OutlineGreening of machine rooms and Energy conservation and reduction of electricity use in machine rooms,*1 data centers, and wireless basedata centersstations, which use large volumes of electricity in the course of providing ICT services. The following airconditioning, electricity supply, and energy management technologies have been developed andintroduced.
Air conditioning Development of automated airflow control systems for optimal temperature and humidity adjustment
in machine rooms and data centers Development of external air induction technology enabling servers to be supplied with airflow at therequired temperature, humidity, and quantity, according to external environmental conditions
 Introduction of highly efficient water-cooled air conditioners

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Product/Technology

OutlineElectricity supply
 Development and introduction of high-voltage direct current power source technology that improves
electricity supply efficiency and eliminates power loss due to AC/DC conversion by supplying DC
electricity directly to ICT devices
 Use of renewable energy including solar and wind power
 Installation of lithium-ion batteries to store surplus electricity generated by fuel cells, etc.
Energy management
 Development and introduction of BEMS that optimize energy supply and demand in machine rooms
and data centers through unified management and highly coordinated control of air conditioner
operation and loads on servers and other ICT devices*1. Machine rooms: Spaces where ICT devices are managed and operated

Reduction of electricity
consumption by networks

Research and development to achieve dramatic reductions in electricity consumption by ICT services.
Recent research results Development of laser technology enabling data transmission with ultralow power consumption of
one-tenth the energy of the conventional approach Power consumption of nanoscale circuits reduced using plasmons, which are collective charge
oscillations, and graphene, a new carbon-based material Power-saving technology developed for LSI chips*2 compatible with the next generation of high-speed
broadband access systems*2. LSI chip: A large-scale integrated circuit chip containing around 1,000–100,000 circuit elements

Creation of smart communities

Development of technology that creates smart communities by applying technologies for making energy
supply and demand visible and optimizing control to entire districts, not just individual houses and11

Product/Technology

Outlinebuildings.
Specific examples Conducted R&D on smart community platforms that use automated demand response to enablewide-area coordination of electricity supply and demand.
 Developed service platforms enabling electric utilities and aggregators to provide automated demand
response services without owning facilities, by locating smart community platforms in the cloud.
(First company in Japan to be certified as compliant with OpenADR 2.0, the international standard forautomated demand response. Used in government agency/university trial.)

Association of Japanese Private Railways
Product/TechnologyVariable voltage variablefrequency (VVVF) inverters

OutlineVVVF inverters convert DC power from rail lines to three-phase AC power and control voltage andfrequency to drive AC motors. This technology helps reduce electricity consumption through efficient
control of motors.

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