IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Energy situation and Energy
Saving Activities in China

Tian Zhiyu
Energy Research Institute
P.R. China
07 April 2009
国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

OutlineBackgroundEnergy Situation
Facing Big Challenges
Energy Saving Activities
Experiences and Challenges

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Background• Booming economy– Average annual growth rate of GDP exceeds 10%• Quick urbanization– 15 million people migrate from rural to urban area each year

• Fast growth of energy-intensive industries– Over capacity in many industrial sectors• Soaring export– Energy embodied in export products accounts for 20-40% of totalenergy consumption• Expanding building and transportation sectors– Newly-built building area exceeds 2 billion square meters– Possession of civil motor vehicles increased 6.6 million in 2007

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Background
Fast economic growth in China –unprecedented and overheated国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Energy consumption grows even faster- Almost doubled since 2001

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Facing big challenges
Energy reserve per capita is less than that of the world

World Average= 100%

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

6

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Energy Supply by Source
China and World Average in 2006

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Low energy efficient国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

8

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Coal Mining Safety Problems
Country

Death rate ofmillion tons
outputAnnual death toll

China

2.044746

Russia

0.46

113

India

0.42

107

Poland0.27

28South Africa

0.085

11The US

0.039

38

Australia

0.023

3

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

9

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Deteriorating Environment

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

10

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Energy Intensity of GDP

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Energy Saving Goals• National Goal
– 20% reduction of energy intensity (TPES/GDP) from2006 to 2010

• The 20% reduction goal is decomposed• MOUs of accountability have been signed• Indicators to evaluate and examine
officials’ performance

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Loose Sector-specific Goals• Building sector– The Ministry of Construction commits to conserve 200
million TCE by 2010 in building sector• Transport Sector– The Ministry of Communication raised a similar 20%
goal in transport sector• Industry Sector– Unlike the situation in Japan– A loose association of enterprises– No voluntary energy conservation goals yet
国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Energy Saving Policies• National Action Plan for Energy
Conservation– Issued by the State Council• Revised and enhanced Energy
Conservation Law– Enforce from April 1,2008• High on the agenda– Central and local governments must develop long-term andannual energy conservation action plan
– Adopted unprecedented actions– Annual examination and evaluation

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Top-1000 enterprises EC Action• Industry sector is playing a pivotal role
– Consume 70% of energy consumption– Have big energy conservation potential• Learn from Japanese experiences• Top-1000 Energy Conservation Action– Include enterprises which consumed over 0.18 million TCE
annually– Account for 46% of total industrial energy consumption• Energy Saving Target– 100 million TCE in 5 years– Improve average energy efficiency level remarkably

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Ten Energy Conservation Projects• Target– To form energy conservation capability of 240 million TCE in 2010

• Ten EC Projects– Coal based Boiler (Furnace)– Co-generation– Waste heat & pressure recovery– Oil saving and substitution– Motor system energy conservation– Energy system optimization– Green light– Building energy conservation– Energy conservation in government agencies– Capacity building of energy conservation technical assistant国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載• Eliminate capacity in 2007
– Small coal fired power plants:21.57GW– Small coal mines:11.2 thousands– Iron production capacity:46.59 million tons
– Cement production capacity:87 million tons

• Specific funds for energy efficiency•

5.58 billion Yuan in 2007, 720% higher than that of 2006•

Soft loans and financial rewards•

Adopt rewards rather than subsidies

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Other policies
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Energy efficiency assessment for new project approval
Regular release energy efficiency indicators
Building Energy Conservation Bill
Energy Conservation power generation scheduling
Enhanced energy efficiency standard
Raising social awareness
Reinforce organizing capacity
Fiscal and tax incentivesAccountability
Complementary support
国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Energy Saving experiences• Compulsory energy saving goal suits China’s condition– A centrally-planned economy– Market failure is much severer than advanced economies– Organize capacity and law enforcement capability in government• Strong government commitment creates policy
expectation• Decompose target in provinces and take examinations• Consolidate organizational structure and accountability
system• Incentive and compensation measures国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Future Challenges• Market-based approaches is relatively weak
– Energy pricing and taxation system– Incentive measures• The decompose method needs improved– Reflect EC potentials in different regions– Encourage strong EC willingness• Establish long term EC mechanism– Government force & Market force & Act voluntarily• Negative drivers– Downturn economy– Over capacity of production– Lower fuel prices

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Thank you for your attention
Tian Zhiyu
tianzy@eri.org.cnEnergy Research Institute
P.R.China

お問合せ：report@tky.ieej.or.jp

国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所
Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission