IEEJ: June 2010

COUNTRY PRESENTATIONONENERGY POLICY
11TH MAY 2010
ATTOKYO INTERNATIONAL CENTRE - JAPANBYHAHAD JUMA BAKAR
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND MINERALSZANZIBAR - TANZANIAIEEJ: June 2010

UNITED REPUBLIC OFTANZANIA(TANGANYIKA AND ZANZIBAR)ZANZIBARIEEJ: June 2010

Assessment of the Energy Balanceof Zanzibar

Solar PVs at Uzi, 2008

IEEJ: June 2010

Energy Balance

Includes all uses (demand) and supply ofenergyDomestic sector (households)
Institutions (hospitals, camps, schools, etc.)
Business sector (hotels, shops, markets etc.)
Industrial sector (small-, medium- and largeindustries)

IEEJ: June 2010

Demand of Energy

Picture taken by SEI, 2008

Domestic Sector (households):

Cooking (firewood, charcoal,agricultural residues)
Lighting (electricity, kerosene,candles etc.)
Power for radio, TV, iron etc.
(electricity, petroleum products)
Industrial andCommercial
Sector16%

Domestic
Sector84%

IEEJ: June 2010

Demand of Energy
Institutions, Businesses and Industries(transport included): Cooking (woodfuel in institutions such asschools, hospitals and camps)
 Lighting (electricity in the whole sector)
 Power for electrical equipment (electricity,petroleum products for power production in
the whole sector for machines, pumping ofwater, ac’s etc.)
Industrialand commercial sector
16% Transport (fossil fuels)

Domestic Sector
84%

IEEJ: June 2010

Demand and Supply of Fossil Fuels,(approximately 15% of the energy)
 Uses within all sectors in the society, mainly for transport
 From year 2003-2007, the import has grown with almost 20 %(compare with population with an estimated growth of 13 %) The market is privatised, and five companies are licensed
 Market for LPG/gas is growing very slowly Fossil fuels are bought on the international market. From 2003 to2007 the average price in Zanzibar more than doubled (from 600TShs to almost 1,400 TShs)
 No gas or oil findings have so far been observed in Zanzibar, althoughstudies indicate such existence Oil and gas is regulated by the Petroleum Exploration and Production
Act from 1980

IEEJ: June 2010

Demand and Supply of Woodfuel andAgricultural Residues, (> 80% of the energy)
 Approximately 1.4 million m3 of these fuels are used per year The main uses are for cooking in the domestic sector and in different
institutions (schools, hospitals, camps etc.)
 Use of woodfuel can create in-door pollution and health problems
 Charcoal is the main fuel in urban areas and firewood andagricultural products are the main fuels in rural areas Woodfuel supply at the islands has declined rapidly during the last
decades, and the deforestation is continuing Import of woodfuel (mainly charcoal) has increased considerably Lack of up-dated statistics on the demand and supply of these fuels

IEEJ: June 2010

Demand and Supply of Renewable
Energy, (less then 1% of the energy)
 Potential for:• solar energy (electricity and heat, at present: 220 solar PV installed, highinvestment costs for solar PV, low for solar heaters)• wind power (electricity and power, assessment study made, no wind plants
installed (except for water pumping), high investment costs)• energy from waves and tides (electricity and power, initial study on-going,high investment costs)• biogas (heat and fuel, no installations in Zanzibar, medium investment costs)• ethanol production (mainly fuel, project initiated on mainland Tanzania)• energy from waste treatment (electricity and heat, no installations inZanzibar, high investment costs)

 These sources are at present very scarcely used

IEEJ: June 2010

Demand and Supply of Fossil Fuels,(approximately 15% of the energy)
Uses of Fossil Fuel Products, year 2003-2008
30 000 000
petroleum

25 000 000

diesellitres

20 000 000

kerosene
JET-fuel

15 000 000

industrial oil
10 000 000
5 000 000
2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

IEEJ: June 2010

Demand of Energy
Institutions, Businesses and Industries(transport included): Cooking (woodfuel in institutions such asschools, hospitals and camps)
 Lighting (electricity in the whole sector)
 Power for electrical equipment (electricity,petroleum products for power production inthe whole sector for machines, pumping ofwater, ac’s etc.)
Industrialand commercial sector
16% Transport (fossil fuels)

Domestic Sector
84%

IEEJ: June 2010

Energy Balance for Zanzibar
Sources used for the assessment: Statistics collected by the Department of Energy andMineralsFossil fuels import (petroleum, diesel, kerosene, JET-fuel,IDO), volumes and prices
Electricity, volumes and prices
Wind speed and direction (measures at the airport)

 Information from earlier studies on biofuel (volumes
on firewood, charcoal and agricultural residues), andprices from the present market
 Information from on-going studies (solar PVs etc.)

IEEJ: June 2010

Energy Balance for Zanzibar

fossil fuels
14%

electricity
4%

other
< 1%

Supply of Energy
charcoal
25%

agriculturalresidues3%

firewood54%

IEEJ: June 2010

Energy Balance for Zanzibar
fossil fuels
14%

electricity
4%

other
< 1%

Supply of Energy
charcoal
25%GWhEnergy Uses in Different Sectors
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

agriculturalresidues3%

firewood
54%

Electricity
Fossil fuels
Woodfuel

96%

Demand of Energy

Domestic Sector

Industrial and Commercial
Sector

84%

16%

IEEJ: June 2010

Energy Balance for Zanzibar
Sources used for the assessment: Statistics collected by the Department of Energy andMineralsFossil fuels import (petroleum, diesel, kerosene, JET-fuel,IDO), volumes and prices
Electricity, volumes and prices
Wind speed and direction (measures at the airport)

 Information from earlier studies on biofuel (volumeson firewood, charcoal and agricultural residues), andprices from the present market
 Information from on-going studies (solar PVs etc.)

IEEJ: June 2010

Planned Energy Related Projects

 Submarine transmission cable frommainland Tanzania to Unguja, 100 MW(in operation by 2012) Submarine transmission cable frommainland Tanzania to Pemba, 20 MW(in operation by 2010)

IEEJ: June 2010

On-going Energy Related Projects
 Financial Turn Around of ZECO
Project with the aim to facilitate the creation of a customer-orientedcompany guided by good business principles and generating apositive cash-flow.
Part of a larger Energy Sector Program Rural Electrification
Connection of rural areas to the electricity services

 Study on Issues Concerning Oil and Gas
Exploration
Recently started study with the aim to study the situation and design
and formulate a sharing agreement between Zanzibar and mainland
Tanzania

IEEJ: June 2010

Important Issues and Problems ofthe Energy Sector in ZanzibarEnergy Sufficiency (unreliable and insufficient supply ofelectricity and fossil fuels, monopolistic situation, highcosts of electricity and fossil fuels, lack of indigenousmodern energy sources)

Modern Technology (high investment costs forrenewable energy, such as wind and solar, lack of
information on wind conditions etc., lack of awarenessamong general public on benefits with modern energy
and disadvantages with woodfuel (health issues etc.)

IEEJ: June 2010

IEEJ: June 2010

National Assembly

Government

National
EnergyPolicyStakeholders

Legislation

Administrative
Measures

Implementation
Institutions

Markets

IEEJ: June 2010

DEVELOPMENT OF DRAFT
ENERGY POLICYPHASE I – INCEPTION PERIOD (MARCH – MAY 2008)
 PHASE II - ENERGY SITUATION ANALYSIS (MAY =SEPTEMBER 2008)
 PHASE III - SCENARIOS, ENERGY OPTIONS AND
POLICY SITUATION (OCT. – DECEMBER 2008)
 PHASE IV – DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGYPOLICY( DEC. – JANUARY 2009)
 FINAL ENERGY POLICY PAPER, DEC. 2010 WAS
PRODUCEDIEEJ: June 2010

THANK YOUORIGATO GOZAIMASU

Contact: report@tky.ieej.or.jp