New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test
Guidebook
Executive Summary

July, 2009
The Japan Foundation

Japan Educational Exchanges and Services (JEES)

1 Overview of the new test
The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) has been offered by the Japan Foundation andJapan Educational Exchanges and Services (JEES) since 1984 as a reliable means to evaluate andcertify the Japanese proficiency of non-native speakers. In 2008, there were as many as 560,000
examinees throughout the world.
Over time, test applicants became diversified, and use of JLPT results has expanded to include
employment screening and evaluation for promotions and pay raises. Many outstanding suggestions
for improvement were also submitted by a wide variety of individuals around the world.
To ensure the continuing relevancy and accuracy of the JLPT, the Japan Foundation and Japan
Educational Exchanges and Services will introduce a revised version of the test in 2010. This new
test will take full advantage of the most advanced research in Japanese pedagogy and testing
theory, and reflects the vast wealth of data accumulated since the original JLPT was launched over
20 years ago.

2 Points of revision（1）Revised to measure communicative competence required to perform tasks.
Emphasizing both practical Japanese communicative competence and knowledge of the Japanese
language, this test measures language knowledge which includes vocabulary and grammar, and thecompetence required to perform communicative tasks using such language knowledge.
*Answers will be machine-scored as in the current test. Note that the new JLPT will not include sections to measure speaking or
writing proficiencies directly.

（2）Revised to increase the number of levels from 4 to 5.
The new test increases the number of test levels from 4 (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 and Level 4) to5 (N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5). The table below shows the corresponding levels of the new test tothat of the current test.

N1

Approximately the same level as the current Level 1 test, but designed to measureslightly more advanced abilities.

N2

Approximately the same level as the current Level 2 test.

N3

Positioned at a level bridging the current Level 2 and Level 3 tests.（Newly established）

N4

Approximately the same level as the current Level 3 test.

N5

Approximately the same level as the current Level 4 test.

“N”stands for both“Nihongo”and“New”.

1

New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Guidebook

Executive Summary（3）Revised to achieve score equating.
Despite the best attempts to assure consistency, it is inevitable that the level of difficulty of the test
will differ slightly from session to session because different test items are used. In order to minimize
the impact of such differences on test scores and maintain the highest degree of fairness, scores forthe new JLPT will be equated from session to session within the same level.

（4）R evised to provide a Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Can-do List(tentative).
The new JLPT provides a“Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Can-do List”(tentative), a listof Japanese language activities which successful examinees THINK they can do, obtained andpresented through a survey.
A Can-do List will be presented to help examinees and others better understand the test results interms of practical language use.
The table below is an example of the list of activities currently being developed.

■ Sample, Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Can-do List (tentative)

Listening

Speaking

Reading

Writing

I can understand the general content when I hear announcements at school,
at work or in public places.
I can speak in detail of my hopes and experience at interviews such as for ajob or a part-time job.
I can understand the content of newspaper or magazine articles about theinteresting topics.
I can write letters or emails to express my emotions such as appreciation orapology.

*The test level(s) corresponding to the samples above are not shown because descriptions are currently under development.

3 A Summary of Linguistic Competence Requiredfor Each Level
The table below shows the summary of the linguistic competence required for each level. This table
outlines what is expected of examinees for each level of the new JLPT in terms of Reading andListening. The linguistic knowledge needed to execute the behaviors described will be required by
the examinees to pass their respective levels.

2

LevelA Summary of Linguistic Competence Required for Each Level
The ability to understand Japanese used in a variety of circumstances.

difficultReading ・One is able to read writings with logical complexity and/or abstract writings on a variety of topics,

N1such as newspaper editorials and critiques, and comprehend both their structures and contents.
・One is also able to read written materials with profound contents on various topics and follow
their narratives as well as understand the intent of the writers comprehensively.

Listening ・One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations, news

reports, and lectures, spoken at natural speed in a broad variety of settings, and is able
to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents comprehensively. One is also able tounderstand the details of the presented materials such as the relationships among the people
involved, the logical structures, and the essential points.

The ability to understand Japanese used in everyday situations, and in a variety ofcircumstances to a certain degree.
Reading ・One is able to read materials written clearly on a variety of topics, such as articles and commentaries

in newspapers and magazines as well as simple critiques, and comprehend their contents.
・One is also able to read written materials on general topics and follow their narratives as wellas understand the intent of the writers.

N2Listening ・One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations andnews reports, spoken at nearly natural speed in everyday situations as well as in a variety ofsettings, and is able to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents. One is also able
to understand the relationships among the people involved and the essential points of thepresented materials.

The ability to understand Japanese used in everyday situations to a certain degree.
Reading ・O ne is able to read and understand written materials with specific contents concerning

everyday topics.
・One is also able to grasp summary information such as newspaper headlines.
・In addition, one is also able to read slightly difficult writings encountered in everyday situations
and understand the main points of the content if some alternative phrases are available to aid
one’s understanding.

N3

Listening ・One is able to listen and comprehend coherent conversations in everyday situations, spoken

at near - natural speed, and is generally able to follow their contents as well as grasp therelationships among the people involved.

The ability to understand basic Japanese.

N4

Reading・O ne is able to read and understand passages on familiar daily topics written in basic
vocabulary and kanji .

Listening ・One is able to listen and comprehend conversations encountered in daily life and generally

follow their contents, provided that they are spoken slowly.

The ability to understand some basic Japanese.
Reading ・One is able to read and understand typical expressions and sentences written in hiragana ,

N5
easy

3

katakana , and basic kanji .

Listening ・One is able to listen and comprehend conversations about topics regularly encountered indaily life and classroom situations, and is able to pick up necessary information from shortconversations spoken slowly.

New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Guidebook

Executive Summary

4 Test sections and Test time
The table below shows the Test sections and the times allotted for each section.

Test sections

Level〈Test time〉

N1

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary /Grammar）
・Reading

Listening〈110min〉〈60min〉

N2

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary / Grammar）
・Reading

Listening〈105min〉〈50min〉

N3

N4

N5

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary）〈30min〉

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary）〈30min〉

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary）〈25min〉

Language Knowledge（Grammar）
・Reading〈70min〉
Language Knowledge（Grammar）
・Reading〈60min〉
Language Knowledge（Grammar）
・Reading〈50min〉

Listening〈40min〉

Listening〈35min〉

Listening〈30min〉*The time allotted for each section may change. The time allotted for the Listening section may differ slightly
according to the length of the recorded materials.

Levels N1 and N2 have TWO test sections each: (1) Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar)
and Reading, and (2) Listening.
Levels N3, N4 and N5 have THREE test sections each: (1) Language Knowledge (Vocabulary), (2)Language Knowledge (Grammar) and Reading, and (3) Listening.

45 Test results（1）Test results
The table below shows the Scoring Sections and range of scores.

Level

N1

Scoring Sections
Language Knowledge（Vocabulary/Grammar）

0 〜 60

Reading0 〜 60Listening0 〜 60Total Score

N2N4

N50 〜 180

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary/Grammar）

0 〜 60

Reading0 〜 60Listening0 〜 60Total Score

N3

Range of scores0 〜 180

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary/Grammar）

0 〜 60

Reading0 〜 60Listening0 〜 60Total Score

0 〜 180

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary/Grammar）
・Reading

0 〜 120

Listening0 〜 60Total Score

0 〜 180

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary/Grammar）
・Reading

0 〜 120

Listening0 〜 60Total Score

0 〜 180

Levels N1, N2 and N3 have THREE scoring sections each: (1) Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar), (2) Reading, and (3) Listening.
Levels N4 and N5 have TWO scoring sections each: (1) Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) and Reading, and (2) Listening.

5New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Guidebook

Executive Summary（2）Pass or failThe requirements for passing have changed so that examinees must now exceed the minimum
acceptable score for both the total as well as each scoring section. Failure to exceed the minimum
acceptable score in any scoring sections will result in a fail for the entire test, even if your total
score is above the minimum acceptable score. The purpose of setting a minimum acceptable scorefor each scoring section is to assess the comprehensive proficiency.
The minimum acceptable score for passing both the total score and each scoring section will beannounced in 2010.

（3）Score report
As in the sample below, the score report will show (1) scores for each section, (2) total score, and(3) reference information. The reference information is provided as a guide for the examinee’s future
Japanese study, and is NOT intended to determine pass or fail.

■ Example: A sample of an examinee’s N3 test results*The sample format shown below may change.

Scores by scoring section①

Language Knowledge（Vocabulary/Grammar）

5060

Reference information*③

Total scoreReading

Listening30

406060②120

180

A:G ood (The number of correct responses is67% or higher)

Vocabulary

Grammar

B:F air (The number of correct responses isbetween 34% and 66%)

ACC:P
 oor (The number of correct responses isless than 34%)

*The sample reference information for Language Knowledge (Vocabulary / Grammar) shows that
Vocabulary has been rated A (the number of correct responses is 67% or higher), which is Good,and that Grammar has been rated C (the number of correct responses is less than 34%), which isPoor. This score report indicates that the sample examinee did well in vocabulary, but would benefit
from more grammar study.

66 Composition of Test Items
The table below shows the composition and approximate number of test items for each level.
Please refer to“New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Sample Questions”for the form andcontent of each test item.

Test section

Type of test items

Vocabulary

Language Knowledge・Reading

Grammar

N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

Kanji reading

658912

Orthography

―

5668

Word formation

―

5―

―

―

Contextually-defined expressions

77111010

Paraphrases

65555Usage6555―

Total number of test items

25323535

35

Sentential grammar 1(Selecting grammar form)

1012131516

Sentential grammar 2(Sentence composition)

55555

Text grammar

5555

520

22

23

25

26

Comprehension (Short passages)

454

4

3

Comprehension (Mid-size passages)

99

6

4

2

Comprehension(Long passages)

4―

4―

―

Integrated comprehension

32―

―

―

Thematic comprehension (Long passages)

43―

―

―

Information retrieval

2222

1

Total number of test items

26

21

16

106

Task-based comprehension

65687

Point comprehension

76676

Summary comprehension

653―

―

Utterance Expressions

―

―

455

Quick response

1412986

Integrated comprehension

44―

―

―

3732

28

2824

Total number of test items

Reading*Listening

Number of test items

Total number of test items*The table above shows the approximate number of test items in each section of the test. The actual number may vary slightly
from session to session. The number of test items shown above may also change.
*The reading section may contain more than one test item per passage.

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New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Guidebook

Executive Summary

7 Frequently Asked Questions◆ About the new test
Q1

How often is the new test going to be administered?

A1	Twice yearly, in July and December.
However, certain countries/areas will not be offering the July test. Details will be
posted on the Japan Foundation website at http://www.jlpt.jp/e/

Q2

Have the dates of the new tests already been determined?

A2	They will be administered on the Sunday of early July and early December eachyear.

Q3

Where can we take the new test?

A3	If you are planning to take the test in Japan, see the Japan Educational Exchanges
and Services (JEES)’s website at http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/.
If you are planning to take the test outside Japan, you can check the cities where
the test will be offered by visiting the Japan Foundation’s website at http://www.jlpt.
jp/e/ and clicking“Information”a“Local Host Institutions of JLPT”a“List.”
In addition, if you are planning to take the test in Taiwan, see the Interchange
Association’s website at http://www.koryu.or.jp◆ About the test items
Q4	Is a“Previous year test items booklet”going to be available for the new test as
it has been for the current test?

A4	There are no plans to publish collections of complete copies of tests administered inpast years.
The“New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Sample Questions”would be
an excellent resource for practice, as the form and content of each test item arepresented just like they are on the actual test.
A new collection of sample questions will be available in 2012 which includes test
items taken from actual tests conducted in 2010 and 2011. It will have the same
number of test items as the actual tests. After that, a workbook will be publishedperiodically, consisting of past conducted test items.

8Q5	Language Knowledge(Vocabulary/Grammar) and Reading are included in
the same test section in levels N1 and N2. Nonetheless, why has Language
Knowledge and Reading been separated into different test sections in levels
N3, N4, and N5, such as "Language Knowledge(Vocabulary)" and "Language
Knowledge(Grammar) and Reading"?

A5	Because there are fewer test items in vocabulary and grammar that can be includedin levels N3, N4 and N5, placing Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) andReading in the same section may inadvertently provide hints for answers.

Q6	Will the new JLPT include test items that require knowledge about Japaneseculture?

A6	While the JLPT does include some cultural content, there are no test items thatrequire prior knowledge about Japanese culture.

◆ About the list of vocabulary, kanji , and grammar
Q7	Is anything like the currently available“Test Content Specifications”going to be
published for the new test?

A7	The“Test Content Specifications”which includes the lists of vocabulary, kanji , andgrammar are not going to be published for the new test.

Q8	Why aren’t the“Test Content Specifications”going to be published?
A8	The goal of learning Japanese is not to memorize vocabulary, kanji , and grammar,
but to become capable of using them as a means of communication. The new
test is to measure both“Japanese language knowledge, including vocabulary andgrammar,”and“the competence required to perform communicative tasks using
language knowledge.”Therefore, we determined that it is not appropriate to publish“Test Content Specifications”which includes the lists of vocabulary, kanji , andgrammar.

Q9	Is there an alternative to the“Test Content Specifications”that can be used bythose who want to prepare for the test?

A9	Please refer to“A Summary of the Linguistic Competence Required for Each Level”(page 3),“Composition of Test Items”(page 7), and the sample questions in the“New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Sample Questions”. Since the new testlevels correspond to the current test levels (page 1), past test items of the current
test and also its“Test Content Specifications”will be helpful.

9New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Guidebook

Executive Summary◆ About the test results
Q10	Can we compare the scores of the new test and the current test?
A10	Since the content of the new test and the scoring method are different from thecurrent test, the scores from the new test cannot be compared to those of thecurrent test.

Q11	Why are the test scores for Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) andReading listed separately in the score report for levels N1, N2 and N3 but listed
as a combined score in levels N4 and N5?

A11	We have determined that combining Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar)
and Reading is appropriate for N4 and N5, as the required proficiencies for these
two sections overlap considerably at these basic levels.

Q12

Where can I get more information about the new test?

A12	Please visit the official JLPT website at http://www.jlpt.jp/e/ for more information andupdates.

10●N ote) In addition to this“New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Guidebook –Executive Summary”,

please see the original version of“New Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Guidebook”and“NewJapanese-Language Proficiency Test Sample Questions”, which can be downloaded from the official
JLPT website at http://www.jlpt.jp/●N ote) Please feel free to contact us at jlptinfo@jpf.go.jp with your inquiries or comments about thisExecutive Summary.

Copyright 2009 by the Japan Foundation and Japan Educational Exchanges and Services (JEES).
All rights reserved.