AGENDA

International best practices
to promote eco-friendly cars
EXPERT WORKSHOP
25-26 January 2021
Virtual meetingINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUM
The International Transport Forum (ITF) at the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) is
an intergovernmental organisation with 62 member countries. It acts as a think tank for transport policy that covers
all modes of transport. The ITF’s mission is to foster a deeper understanding of the role of transport in economic
growth, environmental sustainability and social inclusion and to raise the public profile of transport policy. The ITF
acts as a platform for discussion of transport policy issues. It analyses trends, shares knowledge and promotes
exchange among transport decision-makers and civil society.

DECARBONISING TRANSPORT INITIATIVEThe ITF Decarbonising Transport Initiative (DTI) is a key instrument developed to help governments and industry totranslate climate ambitions into actions. The initiative brings together a partnership that extends far beyond the ITF's
member countries. It includes work streams aiming to:track progress on how current mitigation measures contribute to reduce CO2 emissions in transport;develop in-depth sectoral and focus studies to identify effective policies in specific modes (e.g. roadtransport) and thematic areas (e.g. cities);
bring policies together in a catalogue of effective measures, to support countries to develop their GHG
emission mitigation strategy in transport;
support the policy dialogue, leveraging on extensive engagement with the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including the ITF’s designation as focal point for transport of theMarrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action (MP-GCA).

The programme of work of the DTI also includes targeted activities that help declining available policy levers for
decarbonising transport from the perspective of a specific country or global region. The next stage of the DTI willbuild on the activities and outputs of these work streams to establish common interest groups on low-and zeroemission enabling solutions, aiming to:bring together government officials interested in experiences developed by their peers and share their own;
facilitate the dialogue between governments, the private sector and other stakeholders; andease access to the knowledge available from the ITF and its partners.

The groups will also inform analyses on the status and prospects of policy developments and market responses,strengthening the collective understanding of the effectiveness of different measures and allowing a continuous
update of the ITF Transport Climate Action Directory.

WORKSHOP BACKGROUND
Passenger cars are responsible for about half of energy use and CO 2 emissions from road transport. They are themost numerous road vehicles and are a key contributor to air pollution and traffic congestion in cities. They are also
one of the vehicle segments that automakers prioritise for the deployment of new technologies.
National and supra-national governments deployed a number of policies, including in particular public procurement,regulations and economic incentives, requiring and/or encouraging the production of cleaner vehicles. These vehicles
are not only more energy efficient, but also capable to operate with lower emissions of local air pollutants and,especially if they integrate electrification, enabling a shift towards a more diverse and less CO2 intensive energy mix.
Due to differences in market size, these policies are often adopted earlier for passenger cars than for other roadvehicles. The most important policy instruments aiming to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from passenger
cars include fuel economy standards, incentives or mandatory requirements for vehicle that have zero tailpipe
emissions (ZEV) and economic incentive programs such as vehicle registration taxes that are differentiated based on
the CO2 emissions of vehicles. In recent years, these are being increasingly accompanied by complementary measures
addressing the “well-to-wheel” carbon intensity of fuels and the GHG emissions imputable to vehicle manufacturing.
A number of cities have been supporting or complementing actions taken by national or supra-national governments
to foster the transition to cleaner vehicles. In particular, many local administrations have announced or alreadyenforce low- and/or zero-emission zones (ZEZ) or road pricing schemes that apply charges for the access to portions

2|Pageof the urban area/roads that are differentiated based on vehicle emission performance (and also aiming to manage
traffic congestion).
Expanding the use of these tools can accelerate the uptake of the relevant technologies and increase the benefits
from reduced energy use, emissions and air pollution. However, a large-scale technological transition for the transport
sector entails important challenges. A shift towards electrification and clean hydrogen, for example, requires structuralchanges in the asset base needed to manufacture and use vehicles and the devices needed to produce and convert
low-carbon energy sources. This will lead to greater reliance on materials that require mining and processing (e.g.
lithium, nickel, and platinum group metals, and rare earths, amongst others) while reducing reliance on fossil oil. The
shift towards more energy efficient and energy diverse cars will also progressively reduce the size of government
revenues currently raised from fuel taxes, raising the need for consideration of alternative revenue sources.
Technology can play a key role in reducing vehicle emissions and in managing the challenges that accompany thetransition to a lower-carbon fleet. Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technologies can have a central role in this respect
and are amongst the best suited for the enforcement of local access rules and the support of a technology shift
towards electric vehicles – including battery electric (BEVs), plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles(FCEVs). In the case of PHEVs, ITS technologies can help with the enforcement all-electric driving, ensuring themaximisation of the benefits available from a technology that can help limiting material requirements while alsodelivering vast improvements in terms of energy efficiency, energy diversification, climate change mitigation andbetter air quality. ITS can also play a central role in the implementation of road pricing. This offers importantopportunities to ensure that, as revenues from fossil fuel taxes erode due to electrification and energy efficiency
gains, governments can still raise adequate and appropriate amounts of revenue from road users.

WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
The workshop aims to gather inputs from key stakeholders on policy strategies to promote cleaner technologies forroad transport vehicles, with a particular focus on passenger cars. Given the impact of Covid-19 on the automotive
market, in particular in substantially reducing both production and sales in the short term, the post-crisis recovery
period may offer and singular opportunity to make major steps toward this goal. Thus, the workshop will ask how“build back better” policies could be shaped for the automotive sector.
Taking into account the significant advantages that ITS technologies offer in addressing the key challenges of thetechnology transition expected in the automotive sector and, more broadly, in transport, the workshop will include
sessions on experiences to date in this regard. These will look in particular at the use of ITS to enforce zero-emission
zones (ZEZ) in cities and to support road-pricing schemes.
The event will gather key players from national and local administrations, vehicle manufactures, developers of ITS
technologies, regulatory bodies, the energy sector and other relevant stakeholders.
Insights from this workshop will be included in a dedicated report on best practices to promote the transition to acleaner passenger vehicle fleet, characterised by reduced energy use and lower emissions. This analysis will take into
account different stages of technology deployment, from early adoption to broad-scale dissemination and emerging
priorities. A special focus will be the role of ITS in this context. Both workshop and publication aim at providing
valuable inputs to stakeholders that are actively involved in decarbonisation efforts for road vehicles. Outcomes will
also serve to inform the ITF modelling work on the transition of passenger and freight transport towards cleanmobility.

WORKSHOP FORMAT-Due to the circumstances induced by the Covid-19 pandemic, will take place as a virtual event.
Participation is by invitation only.
Participant numbers will be capped at 30-40 per session.
The workshop discussions will be conducted under Chatham house rules, but presentations will be
uploaded to a workshop page, if speakers agree.

3|PageAGENDAPART 1: Mon. 25 January 2020 at 9:00 -13:00 CET/ 17:00-21:00 KST
10 minutes

Welcome and overview of workshop objectives and structure
Introduction to ITF and its Decarbonising Transport Initiative, on the workshop
background, objectives and structure.
Speakers: Jari Kauppila and Pierpaolo Cazzola, International Transport Forum

15 minutes

Keynote presentation - Taking stock of clean car policies andtechnologies
This keynote will present what is the status of clean car deployment in different
regions and what policies were most effective for getting there.
It will also discuss key issues that may emerge with increasing market shares of zeroemission vehicles and as a response to Covid-19 impacts on the sector.
Speaker: Jacob Teter, International Energy Agency

1 hour 30
minutes

Session 1 – Policy strategies for cleaner cars
This session will host presentations from governments outlining their strategies forthe promotion of the transition to cleaner road vehicles, with a focus on passenger
cars, also taking into account the response to the Covid-19 impacts. The session willmention briefly if there is a specific role for ITS in this context, and for what purpose.
Chair: Nils Axel Braathen, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development,
Environment Directorate
Speakers:
Korea – Goangsung Jin, The Korea Transport Institute
China – Yidan Chu, International Council for Clean Transportation
European Union - Panagiota Dilara, European Commission (DG GROW)
Japan - Hiroshi Morimoto, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
United States – Dan Sperling and Lew Fulton, University of California Davis(recorded, TBC)

10 minutes

Break1 hour 45minutes

Session 2 – Priorities to promote and manage the transition tocleaner cars
This session will host brief presentations, from key stakeholders, such as an industry
association and the research community, to kick-off a discussion on policies topromote and manage the transition to cleaner cars.
Chair: Pierpaolo Cazzola, International Transport Forum
Speakers:
Tom De Vleesschauwer, IHS Markit
Minoh Park, Hyundai Motor GroupØystein Bieltvedt Skeie, Norwegian Ministry of FinanceJulia Poliscanova, Transport & Environment

10 minutes
4|PageConclusion of Session 1 and link to Session 2PART 2: Tue. 26 January 2020 at 9:00 -13:10 CET/ 17:00-21:10 KST
10 minutes

Welcome and overview of Part 2
Recap on ITF and its Decarbonising Transport Initiative, the workshop background,objectives and structure, and short self-introduction by participants to Part 2.

1 hour 45
minutes

Session 3 – Use of ITS technologies for clean car policy
This session will host presentations from subject matter experts affiliated or working
with public authorities on the use of ITS technologies as a way to support and/ormanage the challenges of a transition towards cleaner cars, paying a specificattention to the cases of road user charges and the enforcement of zero/lowemission zones.
Chair: Elisabeth Windisch, International Transport ForumSpeakers:
Alberto Fernandez-Wyttenbach, European Global Navigation Satellite System Agency
Fons Verhelst, European Commission (DG MOVE)
Jang Yoo-Jin , Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea
Jang Kitae, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Barbara Hollinger, Kapsch
François Guichard, World Forum for the harmonisation of vehicle regulations, UnitedNations

10 minutes

Break1 hour 45minutes

Session 4 – Experiences from the application of ITS in the case ofroad user charges
This session will host brief presentations, from speakers that have analysed orcontributed to the development of experiences that involved the use of ITS for theapplication of road user charges.
Chair: Pierpaolo Cazzola, International Transport Forum
Speakers:
Malika Seddi, European Association of Operators of Toll Road Infrastructures
Walter Theseira, Singapore University of Social Science
Dirk van Amelsfort, Goudappel Coffeng, the Netherlands
Matthew Dorfman, Milestone Solutions

10 minutes

5|PageNext steps and closing remarks