JAIST Repository
https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/Title

二次創作コミュニティにおけるつながりの実践に関する文化人類学的研究―「愛」の評価をめぐる闘争と調停Author(s)水元, 朋子CitationIssue Date

2017‑03

TypeThesis or Dissertation

Text version

ETDURLhttp://hdl.handle.net/10119/14239

RightsDescription

Supervisor:伊藤泰信, 知識科学研究科, 博士

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

氏

名

水元 朋子

学位の 種類博士（知識科学）

学位記号

博知第 202 号番

学 位 授 与年 月 日
論文題目論 文 審 査 委 員

平成 29 年 3 月 24 日
二次創作コミュニティにおけるつながりの実践に関する文化人類学的研
究──「愛」の評価をめぐる闘争と調停
主査

伊 藤 泰 信北陸先端科学技術大学院大学

准教授

藤波努

北陸先端科学技術大学院大学教授

敷田 麻 実北陸先端科学技術大学院大学教授

水本 正 晴北陸先端科学技術大学院大学准教授

出口

東京工業大学教授

弘

論文の内容の要旨

This research’s target is “Fujoshi”, girls and women who love gay fiction and imaginative stories. It studies
their fanfiction activities and usage of media, aiming to understand how a boundary that separates in and out ofa community is formed. It also seeks to discover what connection and shared knowledge exist among people
who come together because of common hobby and interests, when their relationship is based on media andother forum, reality and virtual reality.
Existing Fujoshi studies agree that these women-only communities play a healing and self-acceptance rolefor ladies who feel oppressed in male-dominated society. In addition, some studies captured Fujoshi as acreative group because of the fact that some participate in expressive activity called fanfiction. However, notmuch argument has taken place that considers Fujoshi as a both conflictive and creative community built on
artistic interest, where members compete for attention for their respective piece of work. Moreover, Fujoshi
community’s media use has evolved along with spread and development of IT devices. This has causedchanges in their style of creative activities and consumption, as well as interaction among members. However,I have not come across a research that explores in detail Fujoshi community and their use of media, particularly
in regards to current practices of Fujoshi in the complex real society.
This research aims to qualitatively analyze what network of factors and items are required to comprise aFujoshi community. It stands on an assumption that characteristics and psychology of Fujoshi are not a productof Fujoshi themselves, but of a complex interaction of various items and people. That is the uniqueness of thisstudy, together with that it includes a perspective as a native Fujoshi, while striving to understand Fujoshi
community through a participatory observation from culture anthropological viewpoint. In addition, it
introduces the same viewpoint to the topic of reality versus virtual world, which has been a common theme inIT, social science and cognitive science.
This research utilizes theories of social structure to describe the Fujoshi who are involved in fanfiction

among other Fujoshi, as a more multi-layered and evolving group of people. It successfully reveals Fujoshi,
regarding what context and perspective these women have in interacting with others, items and surroundings. It
also talks about the ways in which these ladies share and evaluate knowledge, maintain and form communities.
Fujoshi has always been considered negatively as something that cannot be understood by ordinary people.
However, this research exposes a part of their lifestyle and real practices from a perspective of a native Fujoshi,
in a way that an outsider could access and comprehend it.
This study revealed that Fujoshi shows "love" toward their subjects by creating fanworks and fighting overthe value of said "love" within their community. This "love" takes the form of their interpretations of theirsubjects, but since these are built upon their various knowledge and experiences, all of these interpretations
differ from one another. Due to this, it is possible for conflict to arise amongst differing interpretations in thecommunity. However, Fujoshi conceal their differences within such internal standards as "everyone is a friend"and "accept any and all expressions," attempting to connect through positive communication. The reason forthis is that, although they pit their "loves" against each other within their community, the ones evaluating said
"loves" are also members of the same community. Furthermore, they learn about and compare differinginterpretations, and try to secure their own originality. Rather than sharing identical interpretations and forming
a connection in this way, they treat each individual interpretation as part of an open source. By accumulatinginterpretations within the community and sharing the thus formed database of interpretations among fellow
members, they feel a connection between one another.

At the same time, it was revealed that through forming

relationships with high amounts of anonymity, they are not bound by their physical attributes (age, marital
status, birthplace, etc.), allowing them to construct an ideal space where they can develop their ideas freely andwithout observation.
It was revealed that fanfiction-creating Fujoshi communities contain two conflicts. (1) The conflict between
the self who is an "ordinary person" and the self who is a "fujoshi" who deviates from the standards of ordinarysociety, both of which exist simultaneously. (2) The conflict arising from forming relationships withinformation communication devices as a method of expressing their "love," forcing them to constantly put theirprivate works in a place where a large unspecified number of people gather.
In addition, fanfiction-creating Fujoshi communities that use the Internet as their main venue ofcommunication construct an ideal space where they can develop their ideas freely and without observation
through forming relationships with high amounts of anonymity, not bound by their personal information inreality (birthplace, age, education, ethnicity, etc.). Since people in this kind of space are connected byexceedingly private matters, the community must be exclusive in order to protect individual identities.
However, it was also revealed that this exclusiveness further strengthens their sense of community.

Key word : Fujoshi, community, fanfiction, “love”, fight and arbitration

論文審査の結果の要旨

本論文は、男性同性愛を主題とするフィクションを嗜好する女性（いわゆる「腐女子」）の二次創作活動と彼女たちのメディア利用を中心とした実践を事例として、異なる価値観・嗜好を持った個々人がどのようにコミュニティの境界を生成し、差異を保ちながら仲間としてつながりあっているのかを明らかにするものである。調査方法として、参与観察を主とする文化人類学的なエスノグラフィを用いた。コミックマー
ケットを中心とした同人誌即売会などを対象に、数年にわたって参与観察をおこない、オンライン・オフライン上でのインタビューを粘り強くおこなった。その際、外部の客観的な視点を保持しつつも、内側（インサイダー）の視点からの理解に基づく濃密な記述・分析をおこなった。
「腐女子」コミュニティに関する先行研究においては、男性中心社会で抑圧されている女性にとって癒しや自己承認がなされる場としてコミュニティが機能しているというジェンダー論的な研究が支配的であり、当該女性たちの心性をエッセンシャリスティックに把握してしまうなどの問題があった。さらに、彼女たちの実践の把握の必要性を謳う先行研究でも、女性たちのコミュニティ内での承認や序列形成など、実践のロジック把握に関して不十分な点が多かった。
彼女たちの実践においては、カップリングやジャンルによる細分化、Twitter などでのフォロー／フォロワー選択などによって、お互いのアイデンティティを傷つけないように、極めて閉鎖的で肯定的な、自身と同じ趣味・嗜好傾向を持つ類似した他者によるコミュニティを形成する。そのコミュニティは、常時接続された SNS などへのコミットメント（好みのカップリングやジャンルなどに対して「愛」を表現・投入し続けること）によって実現されている。「愛」はコミュニティ内で評価の対象となり、ある種の闘争（および平等という理念の下での、闘争の隠蔽とでもいうべき調停）が繰り広げられる。排除と細分化によるコミュニティ形成、コミュニティ内での「愛」の評価をめぐる闘争と調停などの諸点を丹念な調査により明らかにした本論文は、従来の研究の空白部分を埋めるものであり、学術的な貢献は大きい。
本論文にはいくつかの議論展開の限界も指摘しうる。現実の当事者の情報（出身地、年齢など）に縛られない匿名性の高い関係をサイバースペース上で結ぶことによって、“検閲”されずに自由な発想を展開できる「純粋な」嗜好空間を構築しようとする傾向は、必ずしも当該女性たちに限らないため、どこまでが当該女性たちに特有の議論であり、どこまでが高度情報化社会における今日的な趣味・嗜好コミュニティの傾向一般を示すものであるのかという切り分けが不明瞭である点がそれである。そうした限界はあるものの、従来研究にはない新たな地平を切り拓いたことへの評価に変わりはない。博士（知識科学）の学位論文として十分価値のあるものと認める。