COMPLETION REPORT

Developing fisheries Livelihoods in coastal community:
A comparative study between Japan and Indonesia
Dr. Achmad Zamroni
Researcher
Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio Economics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
I have conducted field survey in two coastal villages of Indonesia, namely Laikang Village In South Sulawesi
Province and Serewe Village in West Nusa Tenggara Province, and Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan for myresearch “Developing fisheries livelihoods in coastal community: A comparative study between Japan andIndonesia”.
As the result of survey and analysis of the above two coastal village in Indonesia shows that fishermen havevarious livelihood activities such as capture fisheries, seaweed farming, and seaweed farming combined with
capture fisheries activity, seaweed farming combined with some other works. There are some fishermen whoworks for seaweed farming as a single activity (35%), combined seaweed farming and fishing activities (56%) andanother multiple activities (9%). Therefore 65% of fisherman have so called double strategy or double works onlivelihoods development. It means, fishermen together with family should do both fisheries activity and alternative
jobs beside fisheries. Almost all seaweed farmers (97.5%) agree that the benefit of seaweed farming is better thancatching the fish. There are many reasons of fishermen who doing seaweed farming as income source; 1) theIndonesian government introduced and supported seaweed farming technology that aimed to improve theeconomy of coastal communities. 2) seaweed farming can manage with relatively small operational costs. 3)
seaweed farming is easy to maintain or monitor daily and/or weekly. In case of farming of seaweed, planting
process, maintenance and harvesting are conducted by the husband, and wife and daughter support for seedling.
On the other hand, Fishermen’s livelihood in Hiroshima, Japan is deffeent. They optimzing the role of Fisheries
Cooperative Association (FCA) and role of women of fishermen’s villege on marketing of fisheries. Overall,marketing of fisheries in Hiroshima has been empowered the by women, particularly for both direct and indirect
marketing activities. Direct marketing has a lot of benefits for the participants ( Fishermen and Consumer ) andlocal community as well as their environment. Direct fish market advocates self-sufficiency/independency andprevents over utilization of resources in an attempt to meet customer’s demand. Participation of women offishermen’s villege in direct fish market creates good sense of belongings especially through group activities. It
also changes the subordinate view of women by their spouse. Marketing activities of women improved the level ofliving by the support of their spouse and family.

However, indirect marketing is taking the most part of fish marketing in Hiroshima Prefecture, which is operated
by Fisheries Cooperative Association (FCA). Up to present, indirect market is still fisheries main channels in ruralarea of Hiroshima Prefecture. Direct or indirect marketing channel is selected by the type of fish and their products.
Based on the above circumstances, women of fishermen’s village can get their idea of consumer’s needs and also
create their opinions.
Finally, developing fisheries livelihood in two countries in Asia have different circumstances and different
strategies. Based on the above circumstances, women of fishermen’s village can get their idea of consumer’s needs
and also create their opinions. Indonesian coastal villages have more to conduct double strategy. It means,fishermen conducted two different livelihood activities by family anticipating for low fisheries season and/or offfisheries season. In Hiroshima, Japan fishermen spend more time for marketing through both direct and indirectchannel by women which improve their household income.

Publication of the Results of Research Project:
Verbal Presentation (Date, Venue, Name of Conference, Title of Presentation, Presenter, etc.)
Date: October 23 – 24, 2016
Venue: Bogor Convention Center, Indonesia
Name of conference: Annual conference on Marine and Fisheries Socio Economics.
Title of Presentation: Fisheries Livelihood Development Strategy in Two ASIAN Countries: Lesson from Japanand Indonesia
Presenter: Achmad Zamroni, Ph.DThesis (Name of Journal and its Date, Title and Author of Thesis, etc.)
Concern to be submit
Name of journal: International Journal of Marine Science
Title: Fisheries Livelihood Development Strategy in Two ASIAN Countries: Lesson from Japan and Indonesia
Author: Achmad Zamroni and Masahiro Yamao
Book (Publisher and Date of the Book, Title and Author of the Book, etc.)