たか す

か

高須賀

じょう

穣

© 2022 The Japan Foundation, Sydney

たか す

か

高須賀

じょう

穣

TAKASUKA JŌ

Adaptation by The Japan Foundation, Sydney

TAKASUKA JŌ
Adaptation by The Japan Foundation, Sydney
The Japan Foundation, Sydney would like to thankMina Matsudaira, the author of Jō no Hitotsubu for her
precious contribution to this project.

Copyright © 2022 The Japan Foundation, Sydney
All rights reserved.

CONTENTS
5

Main Characters
Before You Read

Historical background of this story

6

Prologue

はじめに

8

Chapter 1

わかいときの
Jō’s youth

Chapter 2

ジョー、 だいがくに
Jō goes to college

Chapter 3

ジョー、 せかいを しりますJō explores the world

22

Chapter 4

ジョー、 せいじかに なります
Jō becomes a politician

29

Chapter 5

あたらしい チャレンジ
Jō finds a new challenge

33

Chapter 6

オーストラリアへ
Jō goes to Australia

42

Chapter 7

スワンヒルへJō goes to Swan Hill

52

Chapter 8

はじめての せいこうFirst success

75

Chapter 9

さいごの チャレンジ
The final challenge

85

Epilogue

おわりに99

Appendix

The later life of Jō’s family

100

Appendix

The Australian rice industry

104

ジョー

10
いきます

16

MAIN CHARACTERS
たか す か じょう

高 須賀 穣（ジョー）

いちこ

ジョーの

Jō’s wifeのぼる（ショー）

ジョーの

むすこ

Jō’s son

まりお

ジョーの

むすこ

Jō’s son

つま

あいこ

ジョーの

むすめ

Jō’s daughter

かへい

ジョーの

とう

お父さん

Jō’s father

5

BEFORE YOU READ…
Historical background of this story
Japan
1867
The Edo Era (the age of samurai)
ends. The emperor becomes thecentre of politics.

1868

The World/Australia
1861 - 1865
American Civil War begins.

1868

The Meiji Era begins.

Convict transportation toAustralia ends.

1889

1884 - 1855

The Constitution of the Empire ofJapan was put into effect.

1894 - 1895

Sino (China) - Japanese War

1904 - 1905

The Russo - Japanese War

1912

The Taishō Era begins.

1926

The Shōwa Era begins.

Sino (China) - French War (Tokin War)1901

The Commonwealth of Australia
is formed.

1901 - 1972

White Australia policy in effect.

1914 - 1918

World War I

1939 - 1945

World War II

1941 - 1945

Pacific War
6Found out what the Japan Jō lived inlooked like!
Changing times in JapanJō (1865-1940) lived from the endof the Edo Era to the Shōwa Era.
In 1868, the capital city ofJapan moved from Kyoto to Edo(Tokyo), and Japan changed
dramatically in a short period
time to become a modern anddemocratic country.

The restoration of imperial rule (1867)

MatsuyamaJō was born in Matsuyama city,which is the capital city of Ehime
prefecture. Ehime prefecture is
one of the islands of Shikoku.
Ehime prefecture is warm andhas little rain, but it snows in
the mountainous areas during
winter. Earthquakes and otherdisasters are rare, making it avery comfortable place to live.

7

はじめに
みなさんは
ジョーは
はじめて

なぜ

ごはんを

た

食べますか。

オーストラリアでこめ米をつくりました。

オーストラリアで

に ほん

日本の

こめ

お米？

この

8

ほん

本は

ジョーの

おはなしです。

Jō Takasuka was known as a pioneer of
producing commercial rice in Australia during
the 1900s. The challenge undertaken by this one
Japanese man has had a huge impact on the riceindustry in Australia today.

What do you think Jō Takasuka looks like?

This is the story of Jō Takasuka.

9Chapter 1

わかいときの ジョー
Jō’s youth

10

ねん

ジョーは 1865 年
に ほん

まつ やま

日本の 松 山で うまれました。

オギャー

オギャー

Jō was born into a samurai family.
11こジョーは げんきな 子どもでした。

だい すべんきょうも 大好きでした。

12

は た ち20 才 のとき、ジョーはしょう がっ こう

せん せい

小 学 校の 先生に なりました。

あぁ…
たのしくない13ひある日、ジョーはし こく へん ろい

四国 遍路に 行きました。

はあ

はあ

つかれた…
つかれた…

でも、たのしい！
でも、たのしい！

14

四国遍路（しこくへんろ）: The Shikoku Pilgrimage route (1,200 kilometers long) includes
88 official temples and other sacred sites where a Buddhist priest is believed to have trained
during the 9th Century. It is known as a long uphill road, and takes 2-3 months on foot.

After Reading
During his childhood, Jō lived in comfort without
experiencing any difficulties. However, in his twenties,
Jō did not find any fulfillment in his daily life. After hewent on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, Jō quit his job as a
primary school teacher.
Why did Jō quit his job?
Perhaps, Jō was a person who loved to go beyond his
limits and challenge himself! What do you think?
Now, the next chapter of his life is about to begin. Whatdo you think will happen?

15

Chapter 2
だい がく

い

ジョー、大 学に行きます
Jō goes to college

16

さい

とう きょう25 才の ジョーは 東京の
だい がく

い

大 学に 行きました。
もっとべんきょうしたい！

17

ねん1893 年 ジョーは アメリカの
だい がく

い

大 学に 行きました。

わくわ
く

キ
ドキド

18

だい がくに ほんじん大 学で 日本人は ひとり でした。

ともだちが
ほしい…

ご

えい語も
むずかしいなぁ

でも、ジョーは がんばりました。
19

ねん

それから 3 年 …

やったー！

だい がく

ジョーは アメリカの 大 学 をそつぎょうしました。
Jō graduated with a BA from Westminster College (Pennsylvania, USA) in 1896.
20

After Reading
During his study abroad experience in the UnitedStates, Jō faced many difficulties such as loneliness anddiscrimination. However, no matter how hard it was, he
tried his best and learned some important things! Whatdo you think he learned?
1. プライドBe proud to be Japanese!

2. よいマナー

Always be resolute and havegood manners!

3. あきらめない Never give up!

These three mottos became important for the rest of hislife. Do you have any mottos in your life?
Coming back to Jō’s life, fortunately, Jō met his mentor
in the United States. After graduation, he visited his
mentor's home country, Scotland, and went to manyother European countries.
In the next chapter, something will surprise him as herealises how different other countries are from Japan.
Let’s find out!
21

Chapter 3

ジョー、せかいをしります

Jō explores the world22いまずは、イギリスに 行きました。

おお大きい はし！

23くに

それから、いろいろな 国にい行きました。

すごいなぁ～24

みジョーは まちを 見ました。まちに
こう じょう工 場が たくさん ありました。
25

ねん

がつ

に ほん

1897 年 2 月、ジョーは 日 本 にかえりました。
に ほん

わたしは 日本でなにが できるかな…？

26

After Reading
Jō wondered what he could accomplish in Japan after
seeing Europe's rapid industrialisation, with gas-lit cities
at night, factories that ran on electricity, and railroads.

The Meiji Era (1868-1912)
The new government
At the start of the Meiji Era, the authority
in Japan had just been transferred from theshōgun to the Emperor. During this period,
the new government was modernising thecountry by using the Western system andculture as an example.

After returning to Japan, what challenge do you think Jōwill take on?

27

28

Chapter 4
せい じかジョー、政治家になります

Jō becomes a politician

29

ねん

せい じ か

1898 年 ジョーは 政治家になりました。
に ほん

日本を

かえたい

です！

30

Upon becoming a politician, Jō worked on various issues such as free public
elementary education.

とし

この年 ジョーは けっこんしました。

う！
でと
おめ

おめ
で
と
う！

31

After Reading
After five years as a politician, Jō left the world ofpolitics.
What challenges will Jō take on now that he is no longera politician?

Jō married the judge's daughter!
Their first child, Shō, was born in 1900.

32

Chapter 5

あたらしい

チャレンジ

Jō finds a new challenge

33

ひ

いえ

ある日、ジョーの 家に ともだちの
さい ばら

西 原が きました。
ごめんください34

いらっしゃい西原清東（さいばらせいとう）: A friend from Jō's political career, Saibara Seitō,began rice farming in Texas in 1904.

わたしは アメリカでこめ

米を つくります。

えっ！！
おもしろそう

35

ねん

がつ

1904 年 1 月、ジョーは アメリカの
さい ばら

いえ

い

西 原の 家に 行きました。

と ち

わぁ、 ひろい 土地！
これは すごい！

36こめこれから 米を つくります。
てつだってください。

もちろん！

37

がつ

に ほん

2 月、ジョーは 日本に かえりました。
また！

ありがとう！

38

ジョーは かんがえました。
こめわたしも がいこくで 米をつくりたい。
オーストラリアは どうかな？

39

しかし、そのときの オーストラリアは
はくごうしゅぎ でした。

う～ん、どうしよう40

白豪主義（はくごうしゅぎ）：White Australia Policy. At the time, Asians were only
allowed to work in Australia as pearl divers, sugar cane field workers, trading company
managers and their workers.

After Reading
Jō was amazed when he saw his friend who started
growing rice in the vast land of America. Perhaps this iswhere Jō began to develop an interest in rice farming.
When Jō returned to Japan, he was considering coming
to Australia. However, as Australia was in the midstof its White Australia Policy, it was difficult for him toenter Australia.

In 1903, their second child, Aiko, was born.

So, how will Jō enter Australia?

41Chapter 6

オーストラリアへ
Jō goes to Australia

42

ねん

がつ

1905 年 1 月、ジョーは かぞくと
オーストラリア メルボルンにい行きました。

わく
わく
Jō and his family left Japan in January, 1905 for Melbourne by ship. They
arrived on March 14, 1905.

43

ジョーは みせを はじめました。

44

に ほん

え

みせで 日本の 絵や にんぎょうをうりました。

いらっしゃいませ45

ひある日、ジョーは おもしろい
ニュースを よみました。

46

こめ

おぉ！ 米が たかい。
これは チャンス！

At that time, Australia was dependent on having rice imported. The value of 22£
back then is worth about $3200 AUD today.

47

しゅう

せい ふ

ジョーは ビクトリア州 政府におねがいしました。

こめ

米を つくりたいです。

こめそして、オーストラリアの 米をがいこくに うりたいです。

48

と ち

ジョーは 土地を かりることができました。
Jō was allotted 200 of the 300 acres at Tyntynder West for five years.
49After Reading
Jō was able to rent land in Australia to run a trial rice
farm. Where exactly is this land that Jō has rented?

Where is Swan Hill?

50

Take a closer look!
The land that Jō leased from the Victorian government
was Tyntynder West. Jō also tried to experiment withgrowing rice crops in Swan Hill, Nyah, and Piangil.
Tyntynder isnear Murray
River!

Now, Jō's challenge of rice growing begins!
What obstacles lie ahead for Jō?

51

Chapter 7

スワンヒルへJō goes to Swan Hill

52

ねん

がつ

1906 年 7 月、ジョーは かぞくといスワンヒルに 行きました。

みかわ

パパ 見て、川！

きれいだ

53

こめ

はじめに、ジョーは ナヤで 米をつくりました。

For the first trial, Jō used the same method as wheat cultivation.
54

できた！

55

でも…
ひ

つぎの日 ひつじが きました。

ムシ
ャ

ムシャ

め

た

そして、芽を 食べてしまいました。

56

あぁぁぁ～
だめ～！

こめ

米は できませんでした。

57

つぎに、ジョーは ピアンギルでこめ

米を つくりました。

For the second trial, Jō imported three different rice seeds from Japan.
58おお大きくなれ！

59

でも…
あめが ふりませんでした。

60

うーん、だめか。

としこめ

この年も 米は できませんでした。

61

ねん

1908 年 ジョーはいティンティンダーに 行きました。

わぁー、
かわ

川が ちかいよ。

62

こうずい

ここは はるに よく 洪水がおきました。

63ひとう

ある日、ジョーの お父さんがに ほん

日本から きました。

Jō's father brought more than 10 types of seeds from Japan.
64とうお父さん、ていぼうを つくりたいです。
てつだって ください。

わかった！

65

ひ

つぎの日から、ふたりは ていぼうをつくりました。

66

ひ

ある日、あめが たくさんふりました。

こう ずい

あっ、洪 水 ！

67

ていぼうが…
いえ

家が…

とし

こめ

この年 ジョーは 米をつくりませんでした。
In 1909, Jō’s family had to temporarily evacuate to Nyah due to a flood.
68

ジョー、
あきらめるな！

ねん

とう1909 年 ジョーの お父さんがに ほん

日本に かえりました。
69

としジョーは つぎの年も ていぼうをつくりました。

がんばるぞ！

70

Jō and his family appeared to have returned to Tyntynder in 1910. It is unclear,
however, which land Jō used to experiment with growing rice crops during 1910.

とし

しかし、その年の はる、
こう ずい

また 洪 水が おきました。

ことしも
だめか…

71

After Reading
Q. When Jō started trial rice growing, what kind of
obstacles did he face?
A. Obstacles included the animals, the lack of water,
and the floods.

Biggest challenge for Jō
Since Jō’s land was near the Murray River, where
there were floods caused by melting snow flowing
down in the spring, his bank was washed away before
he completed it.
However, Jō had the confidence that rice farming
would be a success as long as the bank wascompleted.

72

In 1910, Jō continued to build the bank, but the annual
floods destroyed the barrier again. Jō repeatedly asked
the Victorian government for assistance. However, hisrequests were turned down.
During this time, Jō had to sell Ichiko's bridal
accessories in order to make money because the
Takasuka family was suffering from a financial crisis.

In 1910, Jō’s third child, Mario was born.

Now, do you think Jō will be able to finish
the bank and test out the rice plantation
successfully?

73

74

Chapter 8

はじめての

せいこう

First success75まい にちジョーは 毎 日 はたらきました。

つよい ていぼうをつくります！
76

ねん

おお

こう ずい

1911 年の はるは、大きい 洪 水がおきませんでした。

よかった！
ていぼうは だいじょうぶ。

77

こめ

ジョーは 米を つくりました。

よし、この 3 つ！

78

In 1911, Jō experimented with 25 different varieties of seeds. Three of them sprouted
vigorously.

がんばれ がんばれ！
おおおお大きくなれ 大きくなれ！

79ひ

ある日、かなしい ニュースが
きました。

80

ぽろり

そんな…
とう

お父さん、がんばります。

81

ねん

1912 年の あきです。

こめはじめて 米が できた！
やったぁぁぁ！

82

83

After Reading
Despite the floods, Jō managed to grow rice with only
minor damage in 1911, but it was not yet commercially
ready. As Jō’s goal was to develop the rice industry inAustralia, he had to produce more rice crops. However,in the coming years of 1912 and 1913, rice production
did not go well due to flooding.
The Takasuka family's financial situation got even worse.
The family's financial crisis resulted in Shō switching tohome study in junior high school and working to earnmoney for his sister's school fees.
1914 was Jō's last year of testing out rice crops on theland he leased from the Victorian government. So how
will Jō's rice farming challenge turn out?

84

Chapter 9

さいごの

チャレンジ

The final challenge

85

ねん

と

ち

1914 年 ジョーは 2 つの 土地でこめ

米を つくりました。
ティンティンダーで…

86スワンヒルで…

At the Swan Hill Irrigation Area, Jō sowed two separate plots.
87

でも…

スワンヒルで あめが ふりませんでした。

88

。

あぁ、
ストーム！

みず

水が ない！

89

ジョーは あきらめませんでした。
ここでつくります！

90

Only 15 acres of water was available for Jō to produce rice. He decided to grow ricein the 15 acres of his 50 acres of Swan Hill rice paddy.

これで だいじょうぶ！
ぜったい できます。

That year, Jō experimented with a cultivation method in which he used less water
for irrigation and planted the seeds there.

91

ねん

1915 年の あきです。
こめたくさんの 米が できました。

パパ、おめでとう！

92

In two locations, Tyntynder and Swan Hill, rice crops produced a sufficient amountof yield for commercial use.

The Yanco Experimental Farm in NSW officially began experimenting with rice
growing.

93

ねん

それから 4 年 …
ティンティンダーの ていぼうができました。

A bank was made on the western side of Tyntynder in 1919.
94

ふ う〜

とう

お父さん、おわりましたよ。
ありがとうございました。

95

ねん

そして 1927 年 ジョーのチャレンジは おわりました。
みんな、いままでありがとう。

96

In the late 1920s, rice farming in the Riverina region of NSW began in earnest.
Australia soon became self-sufficient in rice production and grew enough forexport. For this reason, Jō decided to end his rice farming career.

おしまい

97

After Reading
Q. What was the difficulty Jō faced in 1914/1915?
A. Drought. Once again, the lack of water put the family
in a difficult situation, but rice was harvested using
the limited water that was available.

Jō donated the proceeds from the first 45kg ofseed to the Lord Mayor of Melbourne’s Belgian
Relief Fund. The townspeople were amazed by
Jō’s generosity!

When he retired from growing rice, he was already62 years old. However, he never stopped taking onchallenges! What do you think his new challenges were?
(See Appendix.)Jō definitely loved to challenge and push himself!

98

おわりに

Jo and Ichiko surrounded by their rice crop ca. 1915 picture. (State Libraryof Victoria, 1991).

The Australian government eventually decided to grow
California rice instead of Jō's rice. However, Jō wasundoubtedly a pioneer in rice cultivation, growing thefirst commercial rice in Australia.
Today, in honour of Jō's contribution to rice farmingin Victoria, a sign "Takasuka Bank" stands at the sitewhere Jō built the levee bank.
Jō sought new challenges throughout his life and neverstopping pushing himself to his limits.
For now… what challenges do you want to take on inyour own journey?

99

The The later life of Jō’s family
Isaburo (renamed Jō) (1865-1940)

In 1927, Jō returned the land he had leased from theVictorian government. He then moved to Huntly and started
growing new crops. During this time, he handed over hisland to his son, Shō, and helped him. After growing rice, Jōchallenged himself to grow grapes and tomatoes. Following
the death of his stepmother in 1939, Jō returned to Japan. At
the time, Jō planned on starting a new importer business inJapan. However, he died of a heart attack in 1940, one year
after returning to Japan.
FUN FACT
While running a trading company, Jō taught Japanese at Stootand Hoare's Business College!

100Ichiko (1874- 1956)

Ichiko did not go back to Japan with Jō, but stayed inAustralia with her children. There, she helped his son Shō'sbusiness growing tomatoes. When the Pacific War began,
all Japanese were interned in concentration camps, but theDistrict Commander of Victoria requested that the Ministerof the Army spare Ichiko on January 27, 1942. Ichiko wasadmired and respected by her neighbours and died on
August 6, 1956. Her grave is located in Australia.

FUN FACT
Ichiko was good at sewing. She made children's clothes fromJapanese kimonos to sell. Her clothes was popular amongst theneighbours!

101

The The later life of Jō’s family
Noboru (renamed Shō) (1900-1972)

Shō was born in Japan and moved to Australia at five. He was
known to be a clever and kind child. When he was a junior highschool student, he switched to correspondence courses andworked to earn money for his sister's school fees. He also helped
his father to build a dike and later succeeded in cultivating
tomatoes. When the Pacific War began, Shō was interned in a
prison camp and released after six months because neighbours
petitioned that Shō was a man of integrity. Shō became an
Australian citizen in 1961 and served as a member of the Huntley
Council from 1964 to 1970. He was respected and admired by
the people of the community.
FUN FACT
Shō was an all-around athletic kid! He won the Swan Hill
District Singles Tennis Championship.
Shō’s portrait is depicted in a stained glass window in one of
the local churches.
102

Aiko (1903-1970)
Aiko was born in Japan and moved to Australia
when she was one year and nine months old. She
was an intelligent child with top grades in herclass from Swan Hill Primary School to SeniorHigh School.
Aiko got a job at the Department of Education
and worked as an elementary school teacher. At
the age of 29, Aiko married and had four children.
Her descendants are alive today.
FUN FACT
A. TAKASUKA still remains on the Honour Board of 1920
graduate of Swan Hill Elementary School to this day.

Mario (1910-1999)
Born in Australia, Mario succeeded in cultivating
tomatoes with his brother. Serving as a soldier
from 1940 to 1945, Mario was the first Japanesesoldier to fight as an Australian soldier in WWII.
Later in life, he started a farming business, whichbecame successful.
FUN FACT
Mario volunteered to serve in the Australian Army and was
finally accepted after the third time he applied.

103

The Australian Rice Industry
Did you know?

Fun Facts
Q: How many people eat Australian rice in the world?
A: Up to 40 million people.
Q: What countries does Australia export rice to?
A: Over 50 countries, including the Middle East, Japan,and Hong Kong.
Q: In which region in Australia is rice cultivation popular?
A: The Riverina region of NSW

104

Rice Varieties
Q. Is there only one type of rice?
A. No
There are many varieties of rice. Look at
the rice section of your local supermarket!
You'll find all kinds of rice.
Each region grows different kinds of ricedepending on climate and soil conditions.

Sustainability
Compared to other countries, Australia onlyuses half as much water for irrigation whengrowing rice.

Three important elements to successful rice farming
てん き

つち

いい天気

いい土

Good weather

Good soil

みず

水Right amountof water

105

GROWING RICE
Growth Stages of Rice Plant
Rice plants are planted during spring (around October) andthe ears of rice are grown in the fall (around April).

Phase 1: Planting. Seedlings appear above water after 10-15 days.
Phase 2: Tillering starts when seedlings have four to five leaves.
Phase 3: Plants produce four or five tillers (additional stems) by
the rice reproductive stage known as panicle initiation.
Phase 4: A cluster of buds, called a panicle, form in January.
Flowering finishes in February.
Phase 5: Ripening takes about 40 days.
Phase 6: Plants are ready to harvest after about 150 days.

106

The Rice Growing and Production Process
Field Preparation

1(July – August)

Farmers level their field with a laserguided machine, pull up banks, and add
fertilizer to the field.

Sowing Rice

2

3

4

(October – November)

Farmers use a plane to sow rice seeds intobays filled with water or seeding machines
to directly sow the seeds in rice bays.

Watering(November – February)

Depending on the way the crop has beensown, farmers monitor the water levels
manually or automatically.

Harvesting Rice(March – May)

Farmers use a machine (combine
harvester) to harvest rice.

Storing, Milling Rice5

Using tracks, farmers transport paddy torice storage sheds for drying. When orders
are made, the rice is tracked to mills.

107This story was written with the following resources：
Lewis, G. (1994). An illustrated history of the riverinea rice industry. Ricegrowers’ Cooperative Limited.
Matsudaira, M. (2015). Jō no hitotsubu. Ehime Shinbunsha.
Matsuyama kyōkikuiinkai. (2018). Hurusato matsuyamagaku kataritsugitai furusato
matsuyama hyakuwa IV: Hirogaru hurusato no kokoro. Seki kabushikigaisha.
Matsuyama kyōkikuiinkai. (2018).Kataritsunagitai furusato to matsuyama no kokoro:
Hirogare! Furusato Matsuyama no kokoro. Seki kabushikigaisha.
Murray rice field. (1912, April 12. The Argus (Melbourne, Vic.: 1848 - 1957), p. 8.
Retrieved November 15, 2021, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11667157.
Murray, J. (1906, July 31. Land available for rice culture on the Marry river frontage,
about fourteen miles below swan hill. Victoria government gazette, No. 85,
August 1. 1906. p. 3348. Retrieved November 30, 2021 from http://gazette.slv.
vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1906&class=general&page_num=3333&state=V&clas
sNum=G85&id=.
Ricegrowers’ Association of Australia INC. (2019). All about rice. Retrieved March 26,
2022 from https://www.rga.org.au/Public/Resources_and_Publications/Publications/Public/Content/Education_and_Resources/Publications_and_
Factsheets.aspx?hkey=31791cd2-6155-4f37-8e1a-9a8a3b400c80.
Ricegrowers’ Association of Australia INC. (2019). Student resources. Retrieved March
26, 2022 from https://www.rga.org.au/Public/Resources_and_Publications/Student_Resources/Public/Content/Education_and_Resources/Student_
Education_Resources.aspx?hkey=a99700e2-db68-4b64-a238-8d5f9d766397
Stockwin, A. & Tamura, K. (Eds.). (2016). Bridging Australia and Japan: The writingsof David Sissons, historian and political scientist, Volume 1. ANU Press.
Retrieved August 26, 2021, from http://doi.org/10.22459/BAJ.12.2016.
Successful rice growing. (1915, June 15). Kerang New Times (Vic.: 1901 - 1918),
p. 4. Retrieved November 15, 2021, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.newsarticle91975490.
SunRice. (n.d.). How is rice grown? Retrieved August 26, 2021, from https://www.
sunrice.com.au/discover-rice/how-is-rice-grown/.

This story is based on real people and real life events; however,there are no official documents about why Jō decided to cometo Australia and start rice farming. Some of the information was
adapted by the author.
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